विकिपिडिया newiki https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A0 MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.1 first-letter मीडिया विशेष वार्तालाप प्रयोगकर्ता प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता विकिपिडिया विकिपिडिया वार्ता चित्र चित्र वार्ता मीडियाविकि मीडियाविकि वार्ता ढाँचा ढाँचा वार्ता मद्दत मद्दत वार्ता श्रेणी श्रेणी वार्ता पोर्टल पोर्टल वार्ता मस्यौदा मस्यौदा वार्ता TimedText TimedText talk मोड्युल मोड्युल वार्तालाप Event Event talk 0 1936 1354856 1334459 2026-05-11T05:48:55Z InternetArchiveBot 53012 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1354856 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox country | conventional_long_name = इस्लामी गणतन्त्र पाकिस्तान | native_name = {{lang|ur|{{line-height|2|{{Nastaliq|اسلامی جمہوریۂ پاکستان}}}}}} <br />''इस्लामी जम्हूरि-ए पाकिस्तान'' | common_name = पाकिस्तान | image_flag = Flag of Pakistan.svg | image_coat = Coat of arms of Pakistan.svg | symbol_type = State Emblem | image_map =Pakistan (orthographic projection).svg | map_caption = गाढा हरियो रंगमा पाकिस्तानक गठन क्षेत्र, हलुका हरियो रंगमामा <br />दावा गरिएको, तर अनियन्त्रित क्षेत्र | map_width = 220px | national_motto = विश्वास, एकता आ अनुसाशन<ref name="The State Emblem">{{cite web|title=The State Emblem|url=http://www.infopak.gov.pk/Eemblem.aspx|publisher=Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of Pakistan.}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070701023430/http://www.infopak.gov.pk/Eemblem.aspx |date=2007-07-01 }}</ref> <br /> (Urdu: {{lang|ur|{{line-height|2|{{Nastaliq|ایمان، اتحاد، تنظیم}}}}}}) <br /> ''Iman, Ittehad, Tanzeem'' | national_anthem = ''[[:en:Qaumī Tarāna|कौमे तराना]]'' | official_languages = [[उर्दु भाषा|उर्दु]]<br /> [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] | regional_languages = [[:en:Balochi language|बलोची]], [[:en:Pashto language|पाष्तो]], [[पन्जाबी भाषा|पन्जाबी]], [[सराइकी भाषा|सराइकी]], [[सिन्धी भाषा|सिन्धी]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Population by Mother Tongue|url=http://www.census.gov.pk/MotherTongue.htm|publisher=Population Census Organization, Government of Pakistan|accessdate=28 December 2011}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110912021653/http://www.census.gov.pk/MotherTongue.htm |date=12 September 2011 }}</ref> | demonym = पाकिस्तानी | capital = [[इस्लामाबाद|इस्लामावाद]] | latd = 33 | latm = 40 | latNS = N | longd = 73 | longm = 10 | longEW = E | largest_city = [[कराँची]] | government_type = सङ्घीय संसदीय गणतन्त्र | leader_title1 = [[राष्ट्रपति]] | leader_name1 = [[ममनुन हुसैन]] | leader_title2 = [[प्रधानमन्त्री]] | leader_name2 = [[नवाज सरिफ|मियाँ नवाज सरिफ]] | leader_title3 = [[प्रधान न्यायाधीश]] | leader_name3 = [[तसादक हुसैन]] | leader_title4 = सिनेटको अध्यक्ष | leader_name4 = नयर हुसैन बुखारी | leader_title5 = राष्ट्रिय संसदक सभामुख | leader_name5 = आयाज सदिक | legislature = मजलिस-ए-शूरा | upper_house = सिनेट | lower_house = राष्ट्रिय संसद | sovereignty_type = [[:en:History of Pakistan|स्थापना]] | established_event1 = पाकिस्तानक अवधारणा | established_date1 = २९ डिसेम्बर १९३० | established_event2 = पाकिस्तान घोषित | established_date2 = २८ जनवरी १९३३ | established_event3 = पाकिस्तान बिद्रोह | established_date3 = २३ मार्च १९४० | established_event4 = स्वतन्त्र | established_date4 = [[इङ्ल्यान्ड|बेलायत]] सँ | established_event5 = स्वतन्त्र घोषित | established_date5 = १४ अगस्ट १९४७ | established_event6 = इस्लामिक गणतन्त्र | established_date6 = २३ मार्च १९५६ | area_km2 = 796,095 | area_sq_mi = 307,374 | area_rank = 36th | area_magnitude = | percent_water = 3.1 | population_estimate = 177,100,000<ref>{{cite web|title=Population (In Millions) By Province, 2011|url=http://www.mopw.gov.pk/PopulationDynamicsByProvince.aspx|publisher=Ministry of Population Welfare, Government of Pakistan|accessdate=28 December 2011}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111229021304/http://www.mopw.gov.pk/PopulationDynamicsByProvince.aspx |date=29 December 2011 }}</ref> | population_estimate_year = 2011 | population_estimate_rank = 6th | population_census = 132,352,279<ref name="1998census">{{cite web|url=http://www.census.gov.pk/AreaDensity.htm|title=Area, Population, Density and Urban/Rural Proportion by Administrative Units|publisher=Population Census Organization, Government of Pakistan|accessdate=28 December 2011}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111228133126/http://www.census.gov.pk/AreaDensity.htm |date=28 December 2011 }}</ref> | population_census_year = 1998 | population_density_km2 = 214.3 | population_density_sq_mi = 555 | population_density_rank = 55th | GDP_PPP_year = 2011 | GDP_PPP = $482.913&nbsp;billion<ref name=imf2>{{cite web|url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2011/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2008&ey=2011&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=564&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC%2CLP&grp=0&a=&pr.x=52&pr.y=8|title=Pakistan|publisher=International Monetary Fund|accessdate=21 April 2011}}</ref> | GDP_PPP_rank = | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $2,851<ref name=imf2/> | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = | GDP_nominal = $202.831&nbsp;billion<ref name=imf2/> | GDP_nominal_rank = | GDP_nominal_year = 2011 | GDP_nominal_per_capita = $1,197<ref name=imf2/> | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = | HDI_year = 2018<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--> | HDI = 0.560 <!--number only--> | HDI_rank = 152nd | HDI_category = <span style="color:#e0584e;">कनीकऽ</span> | Gini_rank = | HDI_change = increase<!--increase/decrease/steady--> | HDI_ref = <ref name="UNHDR">{{cite web|url=http://hdr.undp.org/en/content/2019-human-development-index-ranking|title=Human Development Report 2019|language=en|publisher=[[United Nations Development Programme]]|date=10 December 2019|access-date=10 December 2019|format=PDF}}</ref> | currency = [[पाकिस्तानी रुपी]] (Rs.) | currency_code = पिकेआर | time_zone = [[पाकिस्तान प्रमाणिक समय|पिएसटि]] | utc_offset = +५ | time_zone_DST = [[पाकिस्तान प्रमाणिक समय|पिएसटि]] | utc_offset_DST = +६ | drives_on = बामा <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=story_28-7-2005_pg3_5|title=Driving—the good, the bad and the ugly|last=Loureiro|first=Miguel|date=28 July 2005|work=Daily Times|accessdate=10 January 2010|location=Pakistan|archiveurl=https://archive.is/3TqH|archivedate=30 May 2012}}</ref> | cctld = [[डटपीके]] | calling_code = +९२ | iso3166code = पीके }} '''पाकिस्तान''' वा '''इस्लामी गणतन्त्र पाकिस्तान''' ([[उर्दु भाषा|उर्दु]]: ''इस्लामी जम्हूरि-ए पाकिस्तान'') [[भारत]]को [[पश्चिम]]मा अवास्थित एउटा इस्लामी [[गणतन्त्र]] हो। यहाँको प्रमुख भाषाहरू [[उर्दु भाषा|उर्दु]], [[पन्जाबी भाषा|पन्जाबी]], [[सिन्धी भाषा|सिन्धी]], [[बलुची भाषा|बलुची]] र [[पस्तो भाषा|पस्तो]] हुन। राजधानी [[इस्लामाबाद]] र अन्य महत्त्वपूर्ण सहर [[कराँची|कराँची]] र [[लाहोर]] हो। पाकिस्तानमा चार प्रदेश छन् : [[पन्जाब, पाकिस्तान|पन्जाब]], [[सिन्ध]], [[बलुचिस्तान, पाकिस्तान|बलुचिस्तान]] र [[खैबर पख्तुनख्वा]], यस लगायात [[आजाद कश्मीर|पाक अधिकृत कश्मीर]], [[गिल्गित बल्तिस्तान|गिल्गित बस्तिस्तान]] र [[इस्लामाबाद राजधानी क्षेत्र]] पनि पाकिस्तानमा रहेका छन्। पाकिस्तानको जन्म सन् १९४७ मा भारतको विभाजनको परिणाम स्वरूप भएको थियो। सर्वप्रथम सन् १०३० मा कवि [[मुहम्मद इकबाल]]ले दुई-राष्ट्र सिद्धान्तको उल्लेख गरेका थिए। उनले भारतको उत्तर-पश्चिममा सिन्ध, बेलुचिस्तान, पन्जाब तथा अफगानलाई मिलाएर एक नयाँ राष्ट्र बनाउने कुरा गरेका थिए। सन् १९३३ मा [[क्याम्ब्रिज विश्वविद्यालय]]का विद्यार्थी [[चौधरी रहमत अली]]ले पन्जाब, सिन्ध, कश्मीर तथा बेलुचिस्तानका बासिन्दाहरूको लागि ''पाक्स्तान'' (जुन पछि पाकिस्तान बन्यो) शब्दको सृजना गरे। सन् १९४७ देखि १९७२ सम्म पाकिस्तान दुई भागहरूमा बाडी रह्यो - पूर्वी पाकिस्तान र पश्चिमी पाकिस्तान। डिसेम्बर, सन् १९७१ मा भारतसँग भएको लडाइँको परिणाम स्वरुप पूर्वी पाकिस्तान [[बङ्गलादेश]] बन्यो र पश्चिमी पाकिस्तान पाकिस्तान भएर रहयो। पाकिस्तान [[संयुक्त राष्ट्रसङ्घ|संयुक्त राष्ट्र]], [[साङ्घाई सहयोग सङ्गठन]], [[इस्लामी सहयोग सङ्गठन]], [[राष्ट्रमण्डल खेल|राष्ट्रमण्डल]], [[दक्षिण एसियाली क्षेत्रीय सहयोग सङ्गठन|दक्षिण एसियाली क्षेत्रीय सहयोग सङ्गठन, सार्क]] इस्लामी सैन्य गठबन्धन, को सदस्य हुन्। == इतिहास == पाकिस्तान शब्दको जन्म सन् १९३३ मा [[क्याम्ब्रिज विश्वविद्यालय]]का छात्र चौधरी रहमत अली द्वारा भएको थियो। यस भन्दा पहिले सन् १९३० मा शायर [[मुहम्मद इकबाल]]ले भारतको उत्तर-पश्चिमी चार प्रदेशहरू -सिन्ध, बलुचिस्तान, पन्जाब तथा अफगान (सूबा-ए-सरहद)लाई मिलाएर एउटा बेग्लै राष्ट्रको माग गरेका थिए। सन् १९४७ अगस्टमा भारतको विभाजनको परिणाम स्वरूप पाकिस्तानको जन्म भयो। त्यस समय पाकिस्तानमा वर्तमान पाकिस्तान र [[बङ्गलादेश]] दुबै सम्मिलित थिए। सन् १९७१ मा भारतसग भएको युद्धमा पाकिस्तानको पूर्वी हिस्सा (जसलाई त्यस समयसम्म पूर्वी पाकिस्तान भनिन्थ्यो) [[बङ्गलादेश]]को रूपमा स्वतन्त्र भयो। आजको पाकिस्तानी भूभाग थुप्रै संस्कृतिहरूको साक्षी रहेको छ। ईशा पूर्व ३३००-१८०० को बीच यहाँ [[सिन्धु घाटीको सभ्यता|सिन्धु घाँटीको सभ्यता]] को विकास भयो। यो विश्वको चार प्राचीन ताम्र-कांस्यकालीन सभ्यताहरू मध्ये एक थियो। यसको क्षेत्र [[सिन्धु नदी]]को किनारमा अवस्थित थियो तर [[गुजरात]] (भारत) र [[राजस्थान]]मा पनि यस सभ्यताको अवशेष पाइएको छ। मोहेन्जो-दारो, हडप्पा इत्यादि स्थल पाकिस्तानमा सभ्यताको प्रमुख अवशेष-स्थल हो। यस सभ्यताको मानिसहरू को थिए यसको बारेमा विद्वानहरूमा एकमत छैन। केही यिनिहरूलाई आर्यहरूको पूर्ववर्ती शाखा भन्दछन त केही यिनिहरूलाई [[द्रविड]]। केही यिनिहरूलाई [[बलुची भाषा|बलोची]] पनि भनछन्। यस मतभेदको एउटा कारण सिन्धु-घाटी सभ्यताको लिपि पढन नसक्नु पनि हो। यस्तो मानिन्छ कि १५०० ईसापूर्वको आसपास [[आर्य]]को आगमन पाकिस्तानको उत्तरी क्षेत्रहरूको मार्फत भारतमा भयो। आर्यहरूको निवास स्थान [[कश्यप सागर|क्यास्पियन सागर]]को पूर्वी तथा उत्तरी हिस्सामा मानिन्छ जहाँबाट उनीहरू यसै समयको करीब इरान, युरोप र भारत तर्फ लागेका थिए। सन् ५४३ ईसा पूर्वमा पाकिस्तानको अधिकांश इलाका इरान ([[फारसी साम्राज्य|फारस]])को [[अखामनी साम्राज्य|हखामनी साम्राज्य]]को अधीन आयो। तर त्यसै समय [[इस्लाम धर्म|इस्लाम]]को उदय भएको थिएन; इरानका मानिसहरू [[जरदोश्त]]को अनुयायी थिए र देवताहरूको पूजा गर्दथे। सन् ३३० ईसापूर्वमा मकदूनिया ([[ग्रिस]]) का विजेता [[सिकन्दर महान|अलेक्जेन्डर]]ले [[दारा तृतीय]]लाई तीन पटक हराएर हखामनी वंशको अन्त गरिदिए। यसको कारण ईजिप्ट देखि पाकिस्तान सम्म फैलीएको हखामनी साम्राज्यको पतन भयो र अलेक्जेन्डर पन्जाब आए। ग्रीक स्रोतहरूको बमोजिम उसले सिन्धु नदीको तटमा भारतीय राजा पुरु (ग्रीक - पोरस) लाईको हराईदिए। तर उनको सेनाले अगाडि बढनलाई इनकार गरिदियो र उनी भारतमा प्रवेश नगरी फिर्ता गयो। यस पछि उत्तरी पाकिस्तान र अफगानिस्तानमा ग्रिस-बैक्ट्रियन सभ्यताको विकास भयो। [[सिकन्दर महान|अलेक्जेन्डर]]को साम्राज्यलाई उनका सेनापतिहरूले आपसमा बाडिलिये। सेल्युकस नेक्टर अलेक्जेन्डरका सबभन्दा शक्तिशाली उत्तराधिकारी मध्ये एक थिए। [[मौर्य साम्राज्य|मौर्य राजवंश]]ले ३०० ईसापूर्वको आसपास पाकिस्तानलाई आफ्नो साम्राज्यको अधीन गरेका थिए। यसपछि पुनः यो ग्रीको-बैक्ट्रियन शासनमा गयो। यी शासकहरूमा सबभन्दा प्रमुख मिनांदरले [[बौद्ध धर्म]]लाई प्रोत्साहित गरे। पार्थियनहरूको पतन पछि यो फारसी प्रभावबाट मुक्त भयो। सिन्धलाई [[राय राजवंश]] (सन् ४८९-६३२)ले यस माथि शासन गरे। यसको पछि यो उत्तर भारतको [[गुप्त साम्राज्य|गुप्त]] र फारसको [[सासानी साम्राज्य]] बीच बाडिर्‍हो। सन् ७१२ माफारसको सेनापति [[मुहम्मद बिन कासिम]]ले सिन्धको राजालाई हराईदिए। यो फारसी विजय नभएर [[इस्लाम धर्म|इस्लाम]]को विजय थियो। बिन कासिम एउटा अरब थियो र पूर्वी इरानमा अरबीहरूको आबादी र नियन्त्रण बढदै गहिरहेको थियो। जबकि यसै समय केन्द्रीय इरानमा अरबीहरू प्रति घृणा र द्वेष बढदै गहिरहेको थियो तर यस क्षेत्रमा अरबबीहरूको प्रभुसत्ता स्थापित हुन् गएको थियो। यस पछि पाकिस्तानको क्षेत्र इस्लामबाट प्रभावित हुँदै गयो। पाकिस्तानी सरकारको अनुसार यसै समय 'पाकिस्तानको बिउ' रोपिएको थियो। यसको ११९२ मा [[नयाँ दिल्ली|दिल्ली]] का सुल्तान [[पृथ्वीराज चौहान]]लाई हराएपछि नै दिल्लीको सत्तामा फारसबाट आएका तुर्क, अरबी र फारसीहरूको नियन्त्रण भयो। पाकिस्तान [[दिल्ली सल्तनत]]को अङ्ग बन्यो। १६औँ शताब्दीमा मध्य-एसियाबाट भागेर आएका [[बाबर]]ले दिल्लीको सत्तामा अधिकार अधिकार बनाए र पाकिस्तान [[मुगल साम्राज्य]]को अङ्ग बन्यो। मुगलहरूले [[काबुल]] सम्मको क्षेत्रलाई आफ्नो साम्राज्यमा मिलाएका थिए। १८औँ शताब्दीको अन्तसम्म विदेशीहरू (खास गरेर अङ्ग्रेजहरू)को प्रभुत्व भारतीय उपमहाद्वीपमा बढदै गयो। सन् १८५७ को सिपाही विद्रोह पछि सम्पूर्ण भारत अङ्ग्रेजको शासनमा आयो। == भूगोल == [[चित्र:Pakistan Topography.png|thumb|left|320px|पाकिस्तानको भू-उत्थान]] पाकिस्तानको क्षेत्रफल करिव ८,०३,९४० वर्ग किलोमीटर छ जुन ब्रिटेन र फ्रान्स सम्मिलित क्षेत्रफलको करीब हुन आउदछ। क्षेत्रफलको गणितबाट यो विश्वमा ३४ औ स्थानमा छ। अरब सागरसग जोडीएको यसको सामुद्रिक सीमा रेखा करिव १०४६ किलोमीटर लामो छ। यसको जमिनी सीमारेखा कुल ६,७४४ किलोमीटर लामो छ - उत्तर-पश्चिममा २४३० कि.मी. अफगानिस्तान सग, दक्षिण पूर्वमा ९०९ कि.मी. इरान सग, उत्तर-पूर्वमा ५१२ कि.मी. चीन सग (गुलाम कश्मीरसग जोडीएको सीमा) तथा पूर्वमा २९१२ कि.मी. भारत सग। पाकिस्तानको उत्तरी इलाका पहाडी छ। यहाँ हिमालय पर्वतको थुप्रै उच्च शिखर पाइन्छ। यिनिहरू बिचबाट जान्छ सकरा मार्ग 'खैबर घाटि'को नामबाट प्रसिद्ध छ। भारतमा उगम हुने पाँच नदिहरू [[झेलम नदी|झेलम]], [[चेनाब नदी|चेनाब]], [[रवि नदी|रावी]], [[सतलज नदी|सतलज]] र [[व्यास नगरपालिका|ब्यास]] यहाँबाट बगेर जब समतल भूमीलाई छूदछ तब एउटा अत्यन्त उपजाऊ जमिन बन्दछ जसलाई 'पन्जाब'को नामले जानिन्छ। दक्षिण तर्फ यसको सङ्गमबाट सिन्धु नदी बन्दछ जसको घाटी अझै उपजाऊ छ। दक्षिणमा यो अरबी समुन्द्रसग गएर मिल्दछ। दक्षिणमा समुद्री घाटहरू (बीच, या दीघा) देखि लिएर उत्तरमा [[हिमालय]] (काराकोरम) र [[हिन्दुकुश]]को बर्फीलो शिखरसम्म पाकिस्तानमा धेरै भौगोलिक विविधता छ। तर औसतन रूपबाट यो क्षेत्र शुष्क छ। औसतन १०० सेन्टीमीटर सालाना वर्षा हुदछ। पाकिस्तानको ५ शिखरहरू ८००० मीटर देखि उच्चा छन। उत्तरी क्षेत्रहरूमा मौसमी विविधता धेरै छ। त्यहा गर्मिमा तापक्रम ४५ डिग्री सेन्टीग्रेड देखि माथि जान्छ जबकि ठन्डिमा तापक्रम हिउ जम्ने अबस्था सम्म जान्छ। दक्षिणमा यो विविधता अपेक्षाकृत कम हुदछ। सिन्धु यहाँको प्रमुख नदी हो। यसको अलावा सिन्धुको सहायक नदिहरू पन्जाबको आसपास भएर बग्दछ जसको कारण पन्जाबमा कृषियोग्य जलवायु हुदछ। सिन्धु नदीको पश्चिम र दक्षिण-पश्चिममा बेलुचिस्तानको इलाका मरुभूमि छ। सिन्धको पूर्वी भागमा [[थार मरुभूमि|थार मरुस्थल]]को विशाल भाग छ तर सिन्धमा नै ''थारपारकार'' विश्वको एकमात्र उर्वर मरुस्थल हो। देशको कुल २७% भूमि कृषियोग्य छ। === वनस्पति र जीव-जन्तुहरू === उत्तरमा अल्पाईन वनस्पति पाइन्छ भने दक्षिणमा शीतोष्ण। दक्षिणमा सिन्धु नदीमा [[गोही]] पाइन्छ। सिन्धु नदीमा अन्धो डल्फिन पनि पाइन्छ। == अर्थव्यवस्था == पाकिस्तान एउटा विकासशील देश हो। सन् २००७ सम्म पाकिस्तानको अर्थव्यवस्था ७ प्रतिशतको वार्षिक दरबाट बढिरहेको थियो। यहाँको मुद्रा [[पाकिस्तानी रूपया]] हो, जसलाई पैसामा बाढ्न सकिन्छ। एक अमरीकी डालरको मूल्य लगभग ६० पाकिस्तानी रूपया (सन् २००६) छ। सन् २००५ सम्म पाकिस्तान मथि ४० अरब अमेरिकी डलरको विदेशी ऋण थियो जुन अमेरिका द्वारा दिएको ऋणमाफी र अन्य संस्थाहरू द्वारा दिएको वित्तीय मददको कारण कम हुँदै जादै छ। यहाँको अर्थव्यवस्थामा कृषिको योगदान कम हुँदै गहिरहेको छ। आज कृषि सकल घरेलू उत्पादको मात्र २० प्रतिशत हिस्सा छ जबकि ५३ प्रतिशत सेवा क्षेत्रबाट आउदछ। तर राजनीतिक उथल-पुथलको कारण टाट उल्टिने अबस्था आएको छ ! == पाकिस्तानी राजनीतिक दल == पाकिस्तानका प्रमुख राजनीतिक दलहरू यस प्रकार छन्- # [[पाकिस्तान पीपुल्स पार्टी (पीपीपी)]] - [[बेनजीर भुट्टो]] यसै पार्टीमा हुनुहुन्थो। यस पार्टीको स्थापना उनको पिता [[जुल्फिकार अली भुट्टो]] के गरेका थिए। # [[पाकिस्तान मुस्लिम लीग]] # [[मुत्तहिदा मज्लिस-ए-अमल]] # [[तहरीक-ए-इन्साफ]] पार्टी- यो पार्टी प्रसिध्द पाकिस्तानी क्रिकेट खेलाडी [[इमरान खान]] द्वारा स्थपित गरीको हो। # [[मुत्तहिदा कौमी मूवमेन्ट]] ([[एम क्यू एम]]) यस पार्टीको स्थापना अलताफ हुसैनले गरे। == प्रदेशहरू == पाकिस्तानमा चार प्रदेश छन्:- * [[बलुचिस्तान, पाकिस्तान|बलुचिस्तान]] * [[खैबर पख्तुनख्वा]] * [[पन्जाब, पाकिस्तान|पन्जाब]] * [[सिन्ध]] यी प्रदेशहरू बाहेक पाकिस्तानमा केन्द्र शासित निम्न लिखित क्षेत्रहरू छन्: * [[इस्लामाबाद राजधानी क्षेत्र|इस्लामाबाद राष्ट्रिय राजधानी क्षेत्र]] * [[आजाद कश्मीर|पाकिस्तान शासित कश्मीर]] * [[गिल्गित बल्तिस्तान|गिल्गित बस्तिस्तान]] == जनसङ्ख्या == [[चित्र:Pakistan ethnic 1973.jpg|thumb|right|400px|पाकिस्तानका प्रमुख जातीय समूहहरू]] जुलाई २००७ को तथ्याङ्क अनुसार पाकिस्तानको जनसङ्ख्या १६,९३,००,००० छ। यो जनसङ्ख्या अनुसार पाकिस्तान विश्वको छैटौँ सर्वाधिक जनसङ्ख्या भएको राष्ट्र हो (पाँचौँ [[ब्राजिल]] र सातौँ [[रुस|रुस]] हुन्)। यहाँको जनसङ्ख्या वृद्धि दर धेरै भएको कारण भविष्यमा यो तिब्र रूपमा बढने आशका छ। पाकिस्तानका प्रमुख जातिमा [[पन्जाबी (स्पष्टता)|पन्जाबी]] (४४.७%), [[पठान]] (१५.४%), [[सिन्धी भाषा|सिन्धी]] (१४.२), [[मुल्तानी]] (८.४%), [[मोहाजिर]] (७.६%), [[बलुची भाषा|बालुची]] (३.४%) छन्। अफगानिस्तानमा व्याप्त अस्थिरताको कारण थुप्रै अफगान शरणार्थी पनि यस देशमा शरणार्थीका रूपमा औहिरेका छन्। यो राष्ट्रको प्रमुख धर्म [[इस्लाम धर्म|इस्लाम]] हो। लगभग ९६ प्रतिशत मानिस मुस्लिम छन् (७७ प्रतिशत [[सुन्नी]] र २० प्रतिशत [[शिया]])। यस बाहेक १.८५ प्रतिशत [[हिन्दु धर्म|हिन्दु]] र १.६ प्रतिशत [[इसाई धर्म|ईसाई]] यहाँको प्रमुख धार्मिक अल्पसङ्ख्यक हुन। यो राष्ट्रको संवैधानिक भाषा [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] हो भने राष्ट्रिय भाषा [[उर्दु भाषा|उर्दु]] हो। यो राष्ट्रको राष्ट्रभाषा उर्दु मात्र करिब ७ प्रतिशतको मातृभाषा हो। यो राष्ट्रमा सबैभन्दा बढी नागरिकको मातृभाषा तथा सबैभन्दा बढी चलनचल्तीमा रहेको भाषा [[पन्जाबी भाषा]] हो। तर यो भाषालाई कुनै संवैधानिक मान्यता प्राप्त छैन। == खेल == हकी राष्ट्रिय खेल हो। क्रिकेटको लोकप्रियता धेरै छ। देशको क्रिकेट टीमले एक पटक विश्व कप (सन् १९९२ मा) जितेको छ। ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} == सरकारी लिङ्क == * [http://pakistan.gov.pk पाकिस्तान सरकार] * [http://www.tourism.gov.pk पाकिस्तान पर्यटन] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190928235952/http://www.tourism.gov.pk/ |date=2019-09-28 }} {{एसिया}} {{Commonscat|Pakistan}} [[श्रेणी:देशहरू]] [[श्रेणी:दक्षिण एसियाली राष्ट्रहरू]] [[श्रेणी:पाकिस्तान]] [[श्रेणी:कमनवेल्थ देश]] [[श्रेणी:साङ्घाई सहयोग सङ्गठनका सदस्य राष्ट्रहरू]] [[श्रेणी:दक्षिण एसिया]] [[श्रेणी:एसिया]] [[श्रेणी:दक्षिण एसियाली क्षेत्रीय सहयोग सङ्गठनका सदस्य राष्ट्रहरू]] [[श्रेणी:अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा आधिकारिक भएका देश तथा क्षेत्रहरू]] 0bjb1e8zokrzbhgj6qacyrwgnbpj0c0 0 2751 1354865 1332717 2026-05-11T11:50:25Z पर्वत सुवेदी 31224 1354865 wikitext text/x-wiki {{छोटो विवरण|नेपालको एक जिल्ला}} {{Infobox settlement | type = [[नेपालका जिल्लाहरू|जिल्ला]] | name = | native_name = | nickname = | native_name_lang = <!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. "fr" for French. If more than one, use {{lang}} instead --> | motto = | image_skyline = | image_alt = | image_caption = | image_map = Dhading Bagmati locator.png | map_alt = | map_caption = बागमती प्रदेशको नक्सामा {{पृष्ठको नाम}} अवस्थिति | mapsize = 300 | image_map1 = | mapsize1 = | map_alt1 = | map_caption1 = | coordinates = | coordinates_footnotes = | subdivision_type = [[सार्वभौम सम्पन्न राष्ट्रहरूको सूची|देश]] | subdivision_name = {{NPL}} | subdivision_type1 = [[नेपालका प्रदेशहरू|प्रदेश]] | subdivision_name1 = [[बागमती प्रदेश|बागमती]] | parts_type = [[नेपालका सहरहरूको सूची|नगरपालिका]] | parts_style = coll | p1 = | p2 = | p17 = [[नेपालका गाउँपालिकाहरूको सूची|'''गाउँपालिकाहरू''']] | established_title = स्थापना | established_date = वि.सं २०१८ | seat_type = सदरमुकाम | seat = [[धादिङवेशी]] | leader_title = प्रमुख | leader_name = | leader_party = | leader_title1 = उपप्रमुख | leader_name1 = | leader_title2 = [[नेपालको संसदीय निर्वाचन क्षेत्रहरूको सूची|संसदीय निर्वाचन क्षेत्रहरू]] | leader_name2 = | leader_title3 = [[नेपालको संसदीय निर्वाचन क्षेत्रहरूको सूची|प्रादेशिक निर्वाचन क्षेत्रहरू]] | leader_name3 = | government_footnotes = | government_type = [[जिल्ला समन्वय समिति (नेपाल)|समन्वय समिति]] | governing_body = [[जिल्ला समन्वय समिति (नेपाल)|जिसस]], धादिङ | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 1926 | area_note = | area_rank = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | elevation_min_m = | elevation_max_m = | population_footnotes = <ref name="जनगणना २०७८">{{cite web |title=राष्ट्रिय जनसङ्ख्या तथा आवास जनगणना २०७८ (राष्ट्रिय प्रतिवेदन)|url=https://censusnepal.cbs.gov.np/results/np/population?province=7&district=75&municipality=7|accessdate=१५ असोज २०८१|work=राष्ट्रिय जनगणना २०७८|publisher=[[राष्ट्रिय तथ्याङ्क कार्यालय (नेपाल)|राष्ट्रिय तथ्याङ्क कार्यालय]]|language=नेपाली}}</ref> | population_total = 325710 | population_as_of = [[राष्ट्रिय जनगणना २०७८|वि.सं २०७८]] | population_density_km2 = auto | population_note = | population_rank = | blank_name_sec1 = [[नेपालमा बोलिने भाषाहरू|मुख्य भाषा(हरू)]] | blank_info_sec1 = [[नेपाली भाषा|नेपाली]] <br> [[तामाङ भाषा|तामाङ ]] | blank_name_sec2 = [[नेपालमा भएका सडकहरू|मुख्य राजमार्गहरू]] | blank_info_sec2 = | timezone1 = [[नेपाली समय]] | utc_offset1 = +०५:४५ | postal_code_type = हुलाक कोड | postal_code = | area_code_type = [[नेपालमा टेलिफोन कोड|टेलिफोन कोड]] | area_code = ०१० | website = {{URL|http://www.ddcdhading.gov.np}} | footnotes = }} '''धादिङ जिल्ला''' [[नेपाल]]को [[बागमती प्रदेश]] मा अवस्थित एक हिमाली जिल्ला हो। उत्तर [[हिमालय]] देखि दक्षिणको [[महाभारत पर्वत शृङ्खला]]सम्म फैलिएको नेपालको एकमात्र जिल्लाको रूपमा परिचित धादिङमा ठूलाठूला टारहरू छन् भने यो प्रसिद्ध [[गणेश हिमाल]]को काखमा अवस्थित छ। ==जिल्लाको नामाकरण== स्थानीय आदिबासी चेपाङ (प्रजा)को भाषामा "धा" भनेको देवता र "दिङ" भनेको आगोको ज्वाला भन्ने हुन्छ। चेपाङहरू पहिलेदेखि नै यहाँ बसोवास गरेको र उनीहरूले पूजा गर्ने ज्वालामूखी देवीको मन्दिर पनि यस जिल्लामा रहेकोले चेपाङ भाषाबाटै नै यस जिल्लाको नाम "धादिङ" रहन गएको हो भन्ने जनश्रूतीले यहा जनसमर्थन पाएको छ। == इतिहास == यस जिल्लाको विशेषता केलाउँदै जाँदा राष्ट्र निर्माता पृथ्वीनारायण शाहसँग मैदीकोट, सल्यानकोट, कानाकोट जस्ता ठाउँहरूको प्रसङ्ग जोडिएको पाइन्छ। त्यस्तै प्रसिद्ध राष्ट्रवादी प्रधानमन्त्री भिमसेन थापाले निर्माण गरेको बगैँचा, पौवा, मन्दिरहरू भग्नावशेषको रूपमा भएपनि बुङकोटघाटमा अझैसम्म रहेको छ। त्रिशूली र बूढीगण्डकी यस क्षेत्र हुँदै बग्ने प्रमुख नदी हो। ==भौगोलिक अवस्थिति== * अक्षांस: २७ डिग्री ४०' उत्तरदेखि २८ डिग्री १७' * देशान्तर: ८४ डिग्री ३५' पूर्वदेखि ८० डिग्री १७' * क्षेत्रफल: १९२६ वर्ग किलोमिटर (१९२४८४ हेक्टर) * सिमाना: पूर्व-[[काठमाडौँ जिल्ला|काठमाडौँ]], [[नुवाकोट जिल्ला|नुवाकोट]] र [[रसुवा जिल्ला]]; पश्चिम-[[गोरखा जिल्ला]]; उत्तर-[[चीन]]को स्वशासित क्षेत्र [[तिब्बत]] र दक्षिण-[[मकवानपुर जिल्ला|मकवानपुर]] र [[चितवन जिल्ला]] * सबभन्दा अग्लोस्थान: पाविल हिमाल (७,११० मिटर) * सबभन्दा होचोस्थान: जोगीमारा (३०० मिटर) * सदरमुकाम: धादिङबेंसी (६४० मिटर) पहाडी भू-भागमा अवस्थित धादिङ जिल्लाले दक्षिणमा महाभारत पर्वत श्रृङ्खलालाई छोएको छ भने उत्तरमा तिब्बतलाई छोएको छ। उत्तरबाट दक्षिणतिर फुकेको अवस्थामा यो जिल्ला रहेको छ। यस जिल्लामा लेक, बेंसी, नदीनाला, टार र फाँटहरू रहेका छन्। धादिङ जिल्लाको अधिकांश भू-भाग पहाडले ओगटेको छ। न्यून भू-भाग हिमालको आसपासमा पनि रहेको छ। त्यसैगरी त्रिशुली नदी, आँखु नदी, थोप्पल खोला लगायत पश्चिममा बगेको बूढीगण्डकी नदी तथा खोलाको किनारमा बेंसी तथा टारहरू पर्दछन्। नेपालका चर्चित टारहरूमध्येको एक टार [[सल्यानटार, धादिङ|सल्यानटार]] बूढीगण्डकी र आँखु नदीको बीचमा रहेको छ। त्यसैगरी जिल्लामा ससाहटार, कल्लेरीटार, पिपलटार, गजुरीटार, फिसफिसेटार, बाहुनटार, विशालटार, रिचोकटार जस्ता प्रशस्तै टारहरू र बेंसीहरू रहेका छन। त्रिशुली नदी, आँखु खोला, थोप्पल खोला, आँसी खोला, कोशी खोला, महेशखोला लगायत १५०० भन्दा बढी खोला खोल्साहरू यस जिल्लाभित्र रहेका छन्। त्यसैगरी जिल्लाको पश्चिममा बूढी गण्डकी नदीले गोर्खा र धादिङलाई छुट्याएर सीमानामा बगेको छ। धादिङ जिल्लामा समउष्ण समशितोष्ण र शितोष्ण हावापानी पाइन्छ। होचो भू-भाग सामान्यतया बेंसी एवं टारहरूमा समउष्ण हावापानी पाइन्छ भने तल्ला पहाडी भू-भागमा समशितोष्ण हावापानी पाइन्छ र माथिल्लो पहाडी भू-भागमा शितोष्ण हावापानी पाइन्छ। यस जिल्लामा ढुंगा बालुवा मार्वल स्लेट चुनढुङ्गा कोरण्डम क्वार्ज तामा सिसा जस्ता आदि खानीहरू रहेका छन्। यस जिल्लाको धेरैजसो बेंसी फाँट तथा टारहरूमा बजारको विकास भएको छ। यहाँ रहेका बजारहरूमा धादिङबेंसी [[आरूघाट गाउँपालिका|आरुघाट]] विशालनगर किन्तान्गफेदी गजुरी मलेखु नौबिसे चरौंदी बेनीघाट महादेवबेंसी कटुन्जे रिङ्ने बैरेनी नौबिसे धौखोला आदि रहेका छन्।<ref>धादिङ आवाज</ref> ==भौगोलिक अवस्थिति== * अक्षांस: २७ डिग्री ४०' उत्तरदेखि २८ डिग्री १७' * देशान्तर: ८४ डिग्री ३५' पूर्वदेखि ८० डिग्री १७' * क्षेत्रफल: 1926वर्ग किलोमिटर (१९२४८४ हेक्टर) * सिमाना: पूर्व-[[काठमाडौँ जिल्ला|काठमाडौँ]], [[नुवाकोट जिल्ला|नुवाकोट]] र [[रसुवा जिल्ला]]; पश्चिम-[[गोरखा जिल्ला]]; उत्तर-[[चीन]]को स्वशासित क्षेत्र [[तिब्बत]] र दक्षिण-[[मकवानपुर जिल्ला|मकवानपुर]] र [[चितवन जिल्ला]] * सबभन्दा अग्लोस्थान: पाविल हिमाल (७,११० मिटर) * सबभन्दा होचोस्थान: जोगीमारा (३०० मिटर) * सदरमुकाम: धादिङबेंसी (६४० मिटर) पहाडी भू-भागमा अवस्थित धादिङ जिल्लाले दक्षिणमा महाभारत पर्वत श्रृङ्खलालाई छोएको छ भने उत्तरमा तिब्बतलाई छोएको छ। उत्तरबाट दक्षिणतिर फुकेको अवस्थामा यो जिल्ला रहेको छ। यस जिल्लामा लेक, बेंसी, नदीनाला, टार र फाँटहरू रहेका छन्। धादिङ जिल्लाको अधिकांश भू-भाग पहाडले ओगटेको छ। न्यून भू-भाग हिमालको आसपासमा पनि रहेको छ। त्यसैगरी त्रिशुली नदी, आँखु नदी, थोप्पल खोला लगायत पश्चिममा बगेको बूढीगण्डकी नदी तथा खोलाको किनारमा बेंसी तथा टारहरू पर्दछन्। नेपालका चर्चित टारहरूमध्येको एक टार [[सल्यानटार]] बूढीगण्डकी र आँखु नदीको बीचमा रहेको छ। त्यसैगरी जिल्लामा ससाहटार, कल्लेरीटार, पिपलटार, गजुरीटार, फिसफिसेटार, बाहुनटार, विशालटार, रिचोकटार जस्ता प्रशस्तै टारहरू र बेंसीहरू रहेका छन। त्रिशुली नदी, आँखु खोला, थोप्पल खोला, आँसी खोला, कोशी खोला, महेशखोला लगायत १५०० भन्दा बढी खोला खोल्साहरू यस जिल्लाभित्र रहेका छन्। त्यसैगरी जिल्लाको पश्चिममा बूढी गण्डकी नदीले गोर्खा र धादिङलाई छुट्याएर सीमानामा बगेको छ। धादिङ जिल्लामा समउष्ण समशितोष्ण र शितोष्ण हावापानी पाइन्छ। होचो भू-भाग सामान्यतया बेंसी एवं टारहरूमा समउष्ण हावापानी पाइन्छ भने तल्ला पहाडी भू-भागमा समशितोष्ण हावापानी पाइन्छ र माथिल्लो पहाडी भू-भागमा शितोष्ण हावापानी पाइन्छ। यस जिल्लामा ढुंगा बालुवा मार्वल स्लेट चुनढुङ्गा कोरण्डम क्वार्ज तामा सिसा जस्ता आदि खानीहरू रहेका छन्। यस जिल्लाको धेरैजसो बेंसी फाँट तथा टारहरूमा बजारको विकास भएको छ। यहाँ रहेका बजारहरूमा धादिङबेंसी [[आरूघाट गाउँपालिका|आरुघाट]] विशालनगर किन्तान्गफेदी गजुरी मलेखु नौबिसे चरौंदी बेनीघाट महादेवबेंसी कटुन्जे रिङ्ने बैरेनी नौबिसे धौखोला आदि रहेका छन्।<ref>धादिङ आवाज</ref> == प्रशासनिक विभाजन == धादिङ जिल्लामा १३ स्थानीय तहहरू छन्, जसमध्ये २ नगरपालिका र ११ गाउँपालिका छन्।<ref>{{cite web |title=स्थानिय तह |url=https://sthaniya.gov.np/gis/ |access-date=२३ असोज २०८२ |publisher=सङ्घीय मामिला तथा सामान्य प्रशासन मन्त्रालय |language=नेपाली}}</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" |+धादिङ जिल्लाका स्थानीय तहहरू !क्रम !स्थानीय तह !समावेश गाविसहरू !वडा सङ्ख्या !केन्द्र !जनसङ्ख्या ([[नेपालको बाह्रौँ राष्ट्रिय जनगणना, २०७८|वि.सं २०७८]]) !क्षेत्रफल (वर्ग किमी) !जनघनत्व (वर्ग किमी) |- |१ |[[नीलकण्ठ नगरपालिका]] |[[नीलकण्ठ नगरपालिका|नीलकण्ठ]], [[सुनौलाबजार]], [[मुरलीभञ्ज्याङ]], [[साङ्कोष]], [[धुवाकोट]], [[खाल्टे]] र [[ज्यामरुङ]] |१४ |[[धादिङवेशी]] |५८,८२८ |१९७.०७ |३०० |- |२ |[[ धुनिवेशी नगरपालिका]] |[[नौबिसे]], [[छत्रेदेउराली]] र [[जीवनपुर]] |९ |[[नौबिसे]] |२९,१४९ |९६.०३ |३०० |- |३ |[[खनियाबास गाउँपालिका]] |[[झार्लाङ]], [[दार्खा]] र [[सत्यदेवी]] |५ |[[दार्खा]] |१०,२८७ |१२०.०८ |८६ |- |४ |[[गजुरी गाउँपालिका]] |[[गजुरी गाउँपालिका|गजुरी]], [[पिडा]] र [[किरानचोक]] |८ |[[गजुरी गाउँपालिका|गजुरी]] |२८,६३४ |१३८.६६ |२१० |- |५ |[[गल्छी गाउँपालिका]] |[[बैरेनी]], [[कल्लेरी]] र [[गोगनपानी, धादिङ|गोगनपानी]] (१-४,९) |८ |[[बैरेनी]] |२३,७३३ |१२९.०८ |१८० |- |६ |[[त्रिपुरासुन्दरी गाउँपालिका, धादिङ|त्रिपुरासुन्दरी गाउँपालिका]] |[[सल्यानटार]], [[मूलपानी]], [[सल्यानकोट, धादिङ|सल्यानकोट]], [[आगिन्चोक|आगिञ्चोक]] र [[त्रिपुरेश्वर, धादिङ|त्रिपुरेश्वर]] |७ |[[सल्यानटार]] |२१,९३७ |२७१.२३ |८१ |- |७ |[[गङ्गाजमुना गाउँपालिका]] |[[रीगाउँ]], [[गुम्दी]], [[फूलखर्क]], [[बसेरी]] र [[बुढाथुम]] |७ |[[फूलखर्क]] |१९,२६५ |१५२.७२ |१३० |- |८ |[[ज्वालामुखी गाउँपालिका]] |[[खरी]], [[ढोला]], [[मैदी, धादिङ|मैदी]] र [[चैनपुर, धादिङ|चैनपुर]] |७ |[[चैनपुर, धादिङ|चैनपुर]] |२१,३३८ |११४.०४ |१९० |- |९ |[[रुवी भ्याली गाउँपालिका]] |[[लापा]], [[सेर्तुङ]] र [[तिप्लिङ]] |६ |[[सेर्तुङ]] |१०,७८१ |४०१.८५ |२७ |- |१० |[[बेनीघाट रोराङ गाउँपालिका]] |[[जोगीमारा]], [[बेनीघाट, धादिङ|बेनीघाट]], [[धुषा]] र [[महादेवस्थान, धादिङ|महादेवस्थान]] |१० |[[बेनीघाट, धादिङ|बेनीघाट]] |३३,८५४ |२०६.५२ |१६० |- |११ |[[नेत्रावती डबजोङ गाउँपालिका]] |[[मार्पाक]], [[सेम्जोङ]] र [[कटुञ्जे, धादिङ|कटुञ्जे]] |५ |[[सेम्जोङ]] |११,३१० |१८१.७८ |६२ |- |१२ |[[थाक्रे गाउँपालिका]] |[[भूमेस्थान]], [[तसर्पु]], [[थाक्रे]], [[केवलपुर]] र [[गोगनपानी, धादिङ|गोगनपानी]] (५-८) |११ |महादेववेशी |३२,३७४ |९६.४१ |३४० |- |१३ |[[सिद्धलेक गाउँपालिका]] |[[कुम्पुर]], [[नलाङ]] र [[सलाङ]] |७ |[[सलाङ]] |२२,२१४ |१०६.०९ |२१० |} [[चित्र:NepalDhadingDistrictmap.png|अङ्गुठाकार|धादिङ जिल्लाका पूर्व गाविसहरूको नक्सा]] ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} ==बाह्य कडीहरू== {{Commonscat|Dhading district|धादिङ जिल्ला}} * [https://daodhading.moha.gov.np/page/district-introduction-17 जिल्लाको परिचय - जिल्ला प्रशासन कार्यालय, धादिङ] * [https://dccdhading.gov.np/ धादिङ जि.स.स] * [https://supremecourt.gov.np/court/dhadhingdc धादिङ जिल्ला अदालत] {{धादिङ जिल्लाका धार्मिक तथा पर्यटकीय स्थानहरू}} {{नेपालका जिल्लाहरू}} {{incubator|kip/धादिङ जिल्ला| http://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wp/kip/जीम_पाल खाम भाषाको विकिपिडिया}} [[श्रेणी:नेपालका जिल्लाहरू]] [[श्रेणी:बागमती प्रदेशका जिल्लाहरू]] avftsh3bdpl3a1cupuhtrvid77oyd7d 1354866 1354865 2026-05-11T11:52:10Z पर्वत सुवेदी 31224 /* */ 1354866 wikitext text/x-wiki {{विशेष लेख}} {{Infobox settlement | name = धादिङ जिल्ला | native_name = | native_name_lang = | other_name = | settlement_type = | image_skyline = | image_alt = | image_caption = | image_flag = | image_seal = | image_map = | map_caption = धादिङ जिल्लाको नक्सा | pushpin_map = धादिङ जिल्ला#बागमती प्रदेश#नेपाल | pushpin_label_position = bottom | pushpin_mapsize = 300 | pushpin_map_caption = नक्सामा {{पृष्ठको नाम}}को अवस्थिति <!-- Location -->| coordinates = {{coord|27|41|N|84|26|E|display=inline}} | subdivision_type = देश | subdivision_name = {{NPL}} | subdivision_type1 = [[नेपालका प्रदेशहरू|प्रदेश]] | subdivision_name1 = [[बागमती प्रदेश|बागमती]] | parts_type = [[नेपालका सहरहरूको सूची|नगरपालिका]] | parts_style = coll | p1 = | p2 = | p17 = [[नेपालका गाउँपालिकाहरूको सूची|'''गाउँपालिकाहरू''']] | established_title = स्थापना | established_date = वि.सं २०१८ | seat_type = सदरमुकाम | seat = [[धादिङवेशी]] | leader_title = प्रमुख | leader_name = | leader_party = | leader_title1 = उपप्रमुख | leader_name1 = | leader_title2 = [[नेपालको संसदीय निर्वाचन क्षेत्रहरूको सूची|संसदीय निर्वाचन क्षेत्रहरू]] | leader_name2 = | leader_title3 = [[नेपालको संसदीय निर्वाचन क्षेत्रहरूको सूची|प्रादेशिक निर्वाचन क्षेत्रहरू]] | leader_name3 = | government_footnotes = | government_type = [[जिल्ला समन्वय समिति (नेपाल)|समन्वय समिति]] | governing_body = [[जिल्ला समन्वय समिति (नेपाल)|जिसस]], धादिङ | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 1926 | area_note = | area_rank = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | elevation_min_m = | elevation_max_m = | population_footnotes = <ref name="जनगणना २०७८">{{cite web |title=राष्ट्रिय जनसङ्ख्या तथा आवास जनगणना २०७८ (राष्ट्रिय प्रतिवेदन)|url=https://censusnepal.cbs.gov.np/results/np/population?province=7&district=75&municipality=7|accessdate=१५ असोज २०८१|work=राष्ट्रिय जनगणना २०७८|publisher=[[राष्ट्रिय तथ्याङ्क कार्यालय (नेपाल)|राष्ट्रिय तथ्याङ्क कार्यालय]]|language=नेपाली}}</ref> | population_total = 325710 | population_as_of = [[राष्ट्रिय जनगणना २०७८|वि.सं २०७८]] | population_density_km2 = auto | population_note = | population_rank = | blank_name_sec1 = [[नेपालमा बोलिने भाषाहरू|मुख्य भाषा(हरू)]] | blank_info_sec1 = [[नेपाली भाषा|नेपाली]] <br> [[तामाङ भाषा|तामाङ ]] | blank_name_sec2 = [[नेपालमा भएका सडकहरू|मुख्य राजमार्गहरू]] | blank_info_sec2 = | timezone1 = [[नेपाली समय]] | utc_offset1 = +०५:४५ | postal_code_type = हुलाक कोड | postal_code = | area_code_type = [[नेपालमा टेलिफोन कोड|टेलिफोन कोड]] | area_code = ०१० | website = {{URL|http://www.ddcdhading.gov.np}} | footnotes = }} '''धादिङ जिल्ला''' [[नेपाल]]को [[बागमती प्रदेश]] मा अवस्थित एक हिमाली जिल्ला हो। उत्तर [[हिमालय]] देखि दक्षिणको [[महाभारत पर्वत शृङ्खला]]सम्म फैलिएको नेपालको एकमात्र जिल्लाको रूपमा परिचित धादिङमा ठूलाठूला टारहरू छन् भने यो प्रसिद्ध [[गणेश हिमाल]]को काखमा अवस्थित छ। ==जिल्लाको नामाकरण== स्थानीय आदिबासी चेपाङ (प्रजा)को भाषामा "धा" भनेको देवता र "दिङ" भनेको आगोको ज्वाला भन्ने हुन्छ। चेपाङहरू पहिलेदेखि नै यहाँ बसोवास गरेको र उनीहरूले पूजा गर्ने ज्वालामूखी देवीको मन्दिर पनि यस जिल्लामा रहेकोले चेपाङ भाषाबाटै नै यस जिल्लाको नाम "धादिङ" रहन गएको हो भन्ने जनश्रूतीले यहा जनसमर्थन पाएको छ। == इतिहास == यस जिल्लाको विशेषता केलाउँदै जाँदा राष्ट्र निर्माता पृथ्वीनारायण शाहसँग मैदीकोट, सल्यानकोट, कानाकोट जस्ता ठाउँहरूको प्रसङ्ग जोडिएको पाइन्छ। त्यस्तै प्रसिद्ध राष्ट्रवादी प्रधानमन्त्री भिमसेन थापाले निर्माण गरेको बगैँचा, पौवा, मन्दिरहरू भग्नावशेषको रूपमा भएपनि बुङकोटघाटमा अझैसम्म रहेको छ। त्रिशूली र बूढीगण्डकी यस क्षेत्र हुँदै बग्ने प्रमुख नदी हो। ==भौगोलिक अवस्थिति== * अक्षांस: २७ डिग्री ४०' उत्तरदेखि २८ डिग्री १७' * देशान्तर: ८४ डिग्री ३५' पूर्वदेखि ८० डिग्री १७' * क्षेत्रफल: १९२६ वर्ग किलोमिटर (१९२४८४ हेक्टर) * सिमाना: पूर्व-[[काठमाडौँ जिल्ला|काठमाडौँ]], [[नुवाकोट जिल्ला|नुवाकोट]] र [[रसुवा जिल्ला]]; पश्चिम-[[गोरखा जिल्ला]]; उत्तर-[[चीन]]को स्वशासित क्षेत्र [[तिब्बत]] र दक्षिण-[[मकवानपुर जिल्ला|मकवानपुर]] र [[चितवन जिल्ला]] * सबभन्दा अग्लोस्थान: पाविल हिमाल (७,११० मिटर) * सबभन्दा होचोस्थान: जोगीमारा (३०० मिटर) * सदरमुकाम: धादिङबेंसी (६४० मिटर) पहाडी भू-भागमा अवस्थित धादिङ जिल्लाले दक्षिणमा महाभारत पर्वत श्रृङ्खलालाई छोएको छ भने उत्तरमा तिब्बतलाई छोएको छ। उत्तरबाट दक्षिणतिर फुकेको अवस्थामा यो जिल्ला रहेको छ। यस जिल्लामा लेक, बेंसी, नदीनाला, टार र फाँटहरू रहेका छन्। धादिङ जिल्लाको अधिकांश भू-भाग पहाडले ओगटेको छ। न्यून भू-भाग हिमालको आसपासमा पनि रहेको छ। त्यसैगरी त्रिशुली नदी, आँखु नदी, थोप्पल खोला लगायत पश्चिममा बगेको बूढीगण्डकी नदी तथा खोलाको किनारमा बेंसी तथा टारहरू पर्दछन्। नेपालका चर्चित टारहरूमध्येको एक टार [[सल्यानटार, धादिङ|सल्यानटार]] बूढीगण्डकी र आँखु नदीको बीचमा रहेको छ। त्यसैगरी जिल्लामा ससाहटार, कल्लेरीटार, पिपलटार, गजुरीटार, फिसफिसेटार, बाहुनटार, विशालटार, रिचोकटार जस्ता प्रशस्तै टारहरू र बेंसीहरू रहेका छन। त्रिशुली नदी, आँखु खोला, थोप्पल खोला, आँसी खोला, कोशी खोला, महेशखोला लगायत १५०० भन्दा बढी खोला खोल्साहरू यस जिल्लाभित्र रहेका छन्। त्यसैगरी जिल्लाको पश्चिममा बूढी गण्डकी नदीले गोर्खा र धादिङलाई छुट्याएर सीमानामा बगेको छ। धादिङ जिल्लामा समउष्ण समशितोष्ण र शितोष्ण हावापानी पाइन्छ। होचो भू-भाग सामान्यतया बेंसी एवं टारहरूमा समउष्ण हावापानी पाइन्छ भने तल्ला पहाडी भू-भागमा समशितोष्ण हावापानी पाइन्छ र माथिल्लो पहाडी भू-भागमा शितोष्ण हावापानी पाइन्छ। यस जिल्लामा ढुंगा बालुवा मार्वल स्लेट चुनढुङ्गा कोरण्डम क्वार्ज तामा सिसा जस्ता आदि खानीहरू रहेका छन्। यस जिल्लाको धेरैजसो बेंसी फाँट तथा टारहरूमा बजारको विकास भएको छ। यहाँ रहेका बजारहरूमा धादिङबेंसी [[आरूघाट गाउँपालिका|आरुघाट]] विशालनगर किन्तान्गफेदी गजुरी मलेखु नौबिसे चरौंदी बेनीघाट महादेवबेंसी कटुन्जे रिङ्ने बैरेनी नौबिसे धौखोला आदि रहेका छन्।<ref>धादिङ आवाज</ref> ==भौगोलिक अवस्थिति== * अक्षांस: २७ डिग्री ४०' उत्तरदेखि २८ डिग्री १७' * देशान्तर: ८४ डिग्री ३५' पूर्वदेखि ८० डिग्री १७' * क्षेत्रफल: 1926वर्ग किलोमिटर (१९२४८४ हेक्टर) * सिमाना: पूर्व-[[काठमाडौँ जिल्ला|काठमाडौँ]], [[नुवाकोट जिल्ला|नुवाकोट]] र [[रसुवा जिल्ला]]; पश्चिम-[[गोरखा जिल्ला]]; उत्तर-[[चीन]]को स्वशासित क्षेत्र [[तिब्बत]] र दक्षिण-[[मकवानपुर जिल्ला|मकवानपुर]] र [[चितवन जिल्ला]] * सबभन्दा अग्लोस्थान: पाविल हिमाल (७,११० मिटर) * सबभन्दा होचोस्थान: जोगीमारा (३०० मिटर) * सदरमुकाम: धादिङबेंसी (६४० मिटर) पहाडी भू-भागमा अवस्थित धादिङ जिल्लाले दक्षिणमा महाभारत पर्वत श्रृङ्खलालाई छोएको छ भने उत्तरमा तिब्बतलाई छोएको छ। उत्तरबाट दक्षिणतिर फुकेको अवस्थामा यो जिल्ला रहेको छ। यस जिल्लामा लेक, बेंसी, नदीनाला, टार र फाँटहरू रहेका छन्। धादिङ जिल्लाको अधिकांश भू-भाग पहाडले ओगटेको छ। न्यून भू-भाग हिमालको आसपासमा पनि रहेको छ। त्यसैगरी त्रिशुली नदी, आँखु नदी, थोप्पल खोला लगायत पश्चिममा बगेको बूढीगण्डकी नदी तथा खोलाको किनारमा बेंसी तथा टारहरू पर्दछन्। नेपालका चर्चित टारहरूमध्येको एक टार [[सल्यानटार]] बूढीगण्डकी र आँखु नदीको बीचमा रहेको छ। त्यसैगरी जिल्लामा ससाहटार, कल्लेरीटार, पिपलटार, गजुरीटार, फिसफिसेटार, बाहुनटार, विशालटार, रिचोकटार जस्ता प्रशस्तै टारहरू र बेंसीहरू रहेका छन। त्रिशुली नदी, आँखु खोला, थोप्पल खोला, आँसी खोला, कोशी खोला, महेशखोला लगायत १५०० भन्दा बढी खोला खोल्साहरू यस जिल्लाभित्र रहेका छन्। त्यसैगरी जिल्लाको पश्चिममा बूढी गण्डकी नदीले गोर्खा र धादिङलाई छुट्याएर सीमानामा बगेको छ। धादिङ जिल्लामा समउष्ण समशितोष्ण र शितोष्ण हावापानी पाइन्छ। होचो भू-भाग सामान्यतया बेंसी एवं टारहरूमा समउष्ण हावापानी पाइन्छ भने तल्ला पहाडी भू-भागमा समशितोष्ण हावापानी पाइन्छ र माथिल्लो पहाडी भू-भागमा शितोष्ण हावापानी पाइन्छ। यस जिल्लामा ढुंगा बालुवा मार्वल स्लेट चुनढुङ्गा कोरण्डम क्वार्ज तामा सिसा जस्ता आदि खानीहरू रहेका छन्। यस जिल्लाको धेरैजसो बेंसी फाँट तथा टारहरूमा बजारको विकास भएको छ। यहाँ रहेका बजारहरूमा धादिङबेंसी [[आरूघाट गाउँपालिका|आरुघाट]] विशालनगर किन्तान्गफेदी गजुरी मलेखु नौबिसे चरौंदी बेनीघाट महादेवबेंसी कटुन्जे रिङ्ने बैरेनी नौबिसे धौखोला आदि रहेका छन्।<ref>धादिङ आवाज</ref> == प्रशासनिक विभाजन == धादिङ जिल्लामा १३ स्थानीय तहहरू छन्, जसमध्ये २ नगरपालिका र ११ गाउँपालिका छन्।<ref>{{cite web |title=स्थानिय तह |url=https://sthaniya.gov.np/gis/ |access-date=२३ असोज २०८२ |publisher=सङ्घीय मामिला तथा सामान्य प्रशासन मन्त्रालय |language=नेपाली}}</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" |+धादिङ जिल्लाका स्थानीय तहहरू !क्रम !स्थानीय तह !समावेश गाविसहरू !वडा सङ्ख्या !केन्द्र !जनसङ्ख्या ([[नेपालको बाह्रौँ राष्ट्रिय जनगणना, २०७८|वि.सं २०७८]]) !क्षेत्रफल (वर्ग किमी) !जनघनत्व (वर्ग किमी) |- |१ |[[नीलकण्ठ नगरपालिका]] |[[नीलकण्ठ नगरपालिका|नीलकण्ठ]], [[सुनौलाबजार]], [[मुरलीभञ्ज्याङ]], [[साङ्कोष]], [[धुवाकोट]], [[खाल्टे]] र [[ज्यामरुङ]] |१४ |[[धादिङवेशी]] |५८,८२८ |१९७.०७ |३०० |- |२ |[[ धुनिवेशी नगरपालिका]] |[[नौबिसे]], [[छत्रेदेउराली]] र [[जीवनपुर]] |९ |[[नौबिसे]] |२९,१४९ |९६.०३ |३०० |- |३ |[[खनियाबास गाउँपालिका]] |[[झार्लाङ]], [[दार्खा]] र [[सत्यदेवी]] |५ |[[दार्खा]] |१०,२८७ |१२०.०८ |८६ |- |४ |[[गजुरी गाउँपालिका]] |[[गजुरी गाउँपालिका|गजुरी]], [[पिडा]] र [[किरानचोक]] |८ |[[गजुरी गाउँपालिका|गजुरी]] |२८,६३४ |१३८.६६ |२१० |- |५ |[[गल्छी गाउँपालिका]] |[[बैरेनी]], [[कल्लेरी]] र [[गोगनपानी, धादिङ|गोगनपानी]] (१-४,९) |८ |[[बैरेनी]] |२३,७३३ |१२९.०८ |१८० |- |६ |[[त्रिपुरासुन्दरी गाउँपालिका, धादिङ|त्रिपुरासुन्दरी गाउँपालिका]] |[[सल्यानटार]], [[मूलपानी]], [[सल्यानकोट, धादिङ|सल्यानकोट]], [[आगिन्चोक|आगिञ्चोक]] र [[त्रिपुरेश्वर, धादिङ|त्रिपुरेश्वर]] |७ |[[सल्यानटार]] |२१,९३७ |२७१.२३ |८१ |- |७ |[[गङ्गाजमुना गाउँपालिका]] |[[रीगाउँ]], [[गुम्दी]], [[फूलखर्क]], [[बसेरी]] र [[बुढाथुम]] |७ |[[फूलखर्क]] |१९,२६५ |१५२.७२ |१३० |- |८ |[[ज्वालामुखी गाउँपालिका]] |[[खरी]], [[ढोला]], [[मैदी, धादिङ|मैदी]] र [[चैनपुर, धादिङ|चैनपुर]] |७ |[[चैनपुर, धादिङ|चैनपुर]] |२१,३३८ |११४.०४ |१९० |- |९ |[[रुवी भ्याली गाउँपालिका]] |[[लापा]], [[सेर्तुङ]] र [[तिप्लिङ]] |६ |[[सेर्तुङ]] |१०,७८१ |४०१.८५ |२७ |- |१० |[[बेनीघाट रोराङ गाउँपालिका]] |[[जोगीमारा]], [[बेनीघाट, धादिङ|बेनीघाट]], [[धुषा]] र [[महादेवस्थान, धादिङ|महादेवस्थान]] |१० |[[बेनीघाट, धादिङ|बेनीघाट]] |३३,८५४ |२०६.५२ |१६० |- |११ |[[नेत्रावती डबजोङ गाउँपालिका]] |[[मार्पाक]], [[सेम्जोङ]] र [[कटुञ्जे, धादिङ|कटुञ्जे]] |५ |[[सेम्जोङ]] |११,३१० |१८१.७८ |६२ |- |१२ |[[थाक्रे गाउँपालिका]] |[[भूमेस्थान]], [[तसर्पु]], [[थाक्रे]], [[केवलपुर]] र [[गोगनपानी, धादिङ|गोगनपानी]] (५-८) |११ |महादेववेशी |३२,३७४ |९६.४१ |३४० |- |१३ |[[सिद्धलेक गाउँपालिका]] |[[कुम्पुर]], [[नलाङ]] र [[सलाङ]] |७ |[[सलाङ]] |२२,२१४ |१०६.०९ |२१० |} [[चित्र:NepalDhadingDistrictmap.png|अङ्गुठाकार|धादिङ जिल्लाका पूर्व गाविसहरूको नक्सा]] ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} ==बाह्य कडीहरू== {{Commonscat|Dhading district|धादिङ जिल्ला}} * [https://daodhading.moha.gov.np/page/district-introduction-17 जिल्लाको परिचय - जिल्ला प्रशासन कार्यालय, धादिङ] * [https://dccdhading.gov.np/ धादिङ जि.स.स] * [https://supremecourt.gov.np/court/dhadhingdc धादिङ जिल्ला अदालत] {{धादिङ जिल्लाका धार्मिक तथा पर्यटकीय स्थानहरू}} {{नेपालका जिल्लाहरू}} {{incubator|kip/धादिङ जिल्ला| http://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wp/kip/जीम_पाल खाम भाषाको विकिपिडिया}} [[श्रेणी:नेपालका जिल्लाहरू]] [[श्रेणी:बागमती प्रदेशका जिल्लाहरू]] karccscmr2tyartgwk47v7lw99o3u9o 0 8625 1354852 1321141 2026-05-11T04:07:08Z ~2026-28175-58 78563 /* सोच */ 1354852 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Government agency | agency_name = नेपाल धितोपत्र बोर्ड | nativename = नेपाल धितोपत्र बोर्ड | logo = | logo_width = 150px | logo_caption = | seal = https://sebon.gov.np/images/sebonlogo.png | seal_width = | seal_caption = | picture = सेबोन.png | picture_width = 200px | picture_caption = | established = वि. सं. २०५० जेष्ठ २५ गते | formed = वि. सं. २०५० जेष्ठ २५ गते | preceding1 = | dissolved = | superseding = | jurisdiction = [[नेपाल सरकार]] | headquarters = खुमलटार [[ललितपुर जिल्ला|ललितपुर]] ठाकुर म्यान्सन | employees = | chief1_name = [[सन्तोष नारायण श्रेष्ठ]] | chief1_position = <br>{{small|अध्यक्ष}}; | chief2_name = [[डा. नवराज अधिकारी]] | chief2_position = {{small|कार्यकारी निर्देशक}} | chief3_name = विनयदेव आचार्य | chief3_position = {{small|कार्यकारी निर्देशक}} | chief4_name = [[मुक्तिनाथ श्रेष्ठ]] | chief4_position = {{small|कार्यकारी निर्देशक}} | chief5_name = [[रुपेश के.सी.]] | chief5_position = {{small|का.मु. कार्यकारी निर्देशक}} | chief6_name = [[श्यामु मण्डल]] | chief6_position = {{small|निर्देशक, अध्यक्षको कार्यालय}} | chief7_name = [[विपीन ओझा]] | chief7_position = {{small|सहायक निर्देशक, अध्यक्षको कार्यालय}} | website = {{url|http://sebon.gov.np/}} | footnotes = }} {{धितोपत्र}} '''नेपाल धितोपत्र बोर्ड'''को स्थापना वि.सं. २०४९ सालमा धितोपत्र कारोबार ऐन, २०४० लाई प्रथम संशोधन गरी धितोपत्र बजारको नियमन तथा सुपरिवेक्षण गर्न [[नेपाल सरकार]]बाट वि.सं. २०५० जेष्ठ २५ मा धितोपत्र बजारको नियमनकारी निकायको रूपमा धितोपत्र बोर्डको स्थापना भएको हो।<ref>धितोपत्र अध्यादेश २०६२</ref> यसरी धितोपत्र बजारमा एक स्वायत्त नियमन निकायको रूपमा बोर्ड स्थापना भएको समयलाई नेपालको धितोपत्र बजारको दोश्रो चरणको रूपमा हेर्न सकिन्छ। बोडको स्थापना कालमा धितोपत्र बजारको आकार अत्यन्त सानो थियो भने धितोपत्र सम्बन्धी ऐन, नियम तथा व्यवस्थाहरुसमेत पयार्प्त थिएनन्। धितोपत्र कारोबारको लागि आवश्यक बजार मध्यस्थ संस्थाहरूको प्रवेश नभएको तथा धितोपत्र विनिमय कारोबारसमेत व्यवस्थित हुन नसकेको पृष्ठभूमिमा बजारको समयसापेक्ष विकास तथा विस्तारका लागि बोर्ड सामु मुख्यतः दुई(२) प्रकारका चुनौतीहरु रहेका थिए। अपयार्प्त रूपमा रहेको कानूनी तथा नीतिगत व्यवस्थामा संरचनात्मक परिवतर्न ल्याउने र नयाँ कानूनी तथा नीतिगत व्यवस्था माफर्त् सानो आकारमा रहेको धितोपत्र बजारको अवस्थामा सुधार गरी बजारलाइ उपर्युक्त दिशा प्रदान गर्ने पहिलो चुनौती तथा जिम्मेवारी बोर्डलाई थियो भने स्थापनाकालको प्रारम्भमा दुई(२) टेलिफोन लाइन, तीन (३) थान कम्प्युटर र दुई महाशाखा अन्तर्गत छ (६) जना कमर्चारी मात्र रहेको अवस्थामा सीमित श्रोत र  साधनबाट पनि धितोपत्र बजार रेखदेख गर्ने सक्षम नियमन निकायको रूपमा स्थापित हुन आन्तरिक  व्यवस्थापनलाई पनि प्रभावकारी बनाउनु पर्ने अर्को चुनौती रहेको थियो। <ref name=":0">[https://sebon.gov.np/uploads/uploads/JIsnwv9JLypP9X1MpqwW3HjP3WJDbgJDzSsCblYm.pdf नेपाल धितोपत्र बोर्ड रजत जयन्ती वर्ष स्मारिका २०७५] </ref> ==सोच== विकसित पूँजी बजारमार्फत दिगो आर्थिक वृद्धी गर्न सघाउ पुर्याउने। ==लक्ष्य== राष्ट्रिय बचत तथा लगानी एवं अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय लगानीलाई आकर्षित गर्दै अर्थतन्त्र पूँजी लगायत कमी ल्याउने गरी पूँजी बजारलाई सक्षम्, गतिशील र विश्वसनीय बनाउने। == नेपाली पुँजी बजारमा रहेका धितोपत्र विनिमय बजार == नेपालको पुँजी बजारमा हाल एकमात्र धितोपत्र विनिमय बजार (Stock Exchange) रहेको छ । नेपाल स्टक एक्सचेञ्ज (नेप्से) ले हाल नेपाली पुँजी बजारमा रहेका स्वपूँजी (Equity), ऋणपत्र (Debentures), सामूहिक लगानी योजना (Mutual Fund Schemes) हरूको दोश्रो बजारमा खरिद विक्रि गर्नका लागि बजारको सञ्चालन गर्दै आइरहेको छ । नेपालमा धितोपत्रसम्बन्धी सम्पूर्ण कार्य गर्दै आएको "सेक्युरिटी  खरिद विक्री केन्द्र"लाई स्थापना भएको  करिब १७ वषर्पछि [[नेपाल स्टक एक्सचेन्ज|नेपाल स्टक एक्सचेन्ज लिमिटेड (नेप्से]]) मा परिवर्तन गरी धितोपत्रको [[दोस्रो बजार]]को सञ्चालन तथा व्यवस्थापन गर्ने छुट्टै दोस्रो बजारको व्यवस्था भयो । यसरी परिवतर्न भएको नेप्सेको पूँजी संरचनामा समेत परिवर्तन भई कुल चुक्ता पूँजी रु. ३० करोड कायम भयो । नेप्सेको पूँजी संरचना देहाय अनुसारको रहेको छ । == स्वामित्व साझेदारी == {| class="wikitable" |+ ! ! !हिस्सा |- | |नेपाल सरकार |५८.६६ प्रतिशत |- | |[[नेपाल राष्ट्र बैङ्क]] |३४.६० प्रतिशत |- | |नेपाल आैद्योगिक विकास निगम |६.१२ प्रतिशत |- | |इजाजतप्राप्त ब्रोकरहरू |०.६२ प्रतिशत |- | |कुल |१०० प्रतिशत |} <ref name=":0" /> पूँजीबजारको विकास गरी धितोपत्रमा लगानी गर्ने लगानीकर्ताहरूको हित संरक्षण गर्न, धितोपत्रको निष्काशन, खरिद, बिक्री, वितरण र विनिमय कार्यलाई प्रभावकारी रूपमा व्यवस्थित बनाई धितोपत्र बजार र धितोपत्र व्यवसायमा संलग्न व्यक्तिहरूको काम, कारबाहीलाई नियमित तथा व्यवस्थित गर्नको लागि नेपाल सरकारबाट वि. सं. २०५० जेष्ठ २५ गते नेपाल धितोपत्र बोर्डको स्थापना भएको थियोे। == अध्यक्षहरू == Former Chairman<ref>{{Cite web |title=Former Chairman |url=https://sebon.gov.np/former-chairmans |website=नेपाल धितोपत्र बोर्ड}}</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin:auto; margin:auto;" !सि.नं. !अध्यक्षको नाम !देखी !सम्म |- |१. |डम्बर प्रसाद ढुङ्गेल |२०५०-०२-२५ |२०६०-०५-१४ |- |२. |दीपक राज काफ्ले |२०६०-०५-१५ |२०६४-०५-१० |- |३. |डा. [[चिरञ्जीवी नेपाल]] |२०६४-०५-११ |२०६५-०८-११ |- |४ . |सुरबिर पौड्यल् |२०६५-०९-०९ |२०६८-०५-१० |- |५ . |बाबु राम श्रेष्ठ |२०६८-०६-३० |२०७२-०६-२९ |- |६ . |डा. [[रेवतबहादुर कार्की|रेवत बहादुर कार्की]] |२०७२-०७-०१ |२०७६-०६-३० |- |७. |[[भिष्मराज ढुङ्गाना|भिष्मराज ढुंगाना]] |२०७६ पुस २३ |२०७८/०६/१९ |- |८. |रमेश हमाल |२०७८/११/०८ |२०८०/०९/२० |- |९. |सन्तोषनारायण श्रेष्ठ |२०८१/०८/१० | - |} ==यो पनि हेर्नु होस्== * [[मुद्रा बजार]] * [[नेपाल स्टक एक्सचेन्ज]] == सन्दर्भ == [[श्रेणी:संस्था]] [[श्रेणी:नियमनकारी निकाय]] [[श्रेणी:नेपालको नियमनकारी निकायहरु]] odhkapmla8juo1c4ce2ber6vv0rna2h 0 13440 1354833 1208937 2026-05-10T14:55:14Z EmausBot 4055 बोट: दोहोरो अनुप्रेषणलाई [[नसा]]मा ठिक गर्दै 1354833 wikitext text/x-wiki #अनुप्रेषण [[नसा]] 19bl9t9wx595wn6q1vpzmeyauy5vpfq 0 16057 1354840 1318613 2026-05-10T23:51:43Z InternetArchiveBot 53012 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1354840 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox UK country | image_map = England in the UK and Europe.svg | image_flag = Flag of England.svg | flag_alt = श्वेत पृष्ठभूमिमा रातो क्रस | image_coat = Royal Arms of England.svg | symbol_width = x100px | symbol_type = शाही चिन्ह | national_motto = | englishmotto = | national_anthem = विविध<br />मुख्यत "[[गड सेभ द किङ]]"<br />{{smaller|([[गड सेभ द किङ#संयुक्त अधिराज्यमा प्रयुक्त|संयुक्त अधिराज्यको राष्ट्रिय गान]])}} | status = [[संयुक्त अधिराज्यका देशहरू|देश]] | capital = [[लन्डन]] | religion = {{unbulleted list |item_style=white-space:nowrap; | ४६.३% क्रिसचियन | ३६.७% धर्म विहीन | ६.७% इस्लाम | १.८% हिन्दु | ०.९% शिख | ०.५% यहुदी | ०.६% अन्य | ६.०% नखुलेको }} | religion_ref = <ref>{{Cite web |title=Religion, England and Wales - Office for National Statistics |url=https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/culturalidentity/religion/bulletins/religionenglandandwales/census2021 |access-date=2022-11-29 |website=www.ons.gov.uk}}</ref> | religion_year = सन् २०२१ | demonym = अङ्ग्रेज | coordinates = {{coord|51|30|N|0|7|W|type:city|display=inline}} | largest_city = लन्डन | languages_type = राष्ट्रिय भाषा | languages = [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] | languages2_type = क्षेत्रीय&nbsp;भाषाहरू | languages2 = [[कर्निस भाषा|कर्निस]] | legal_jurisdiction = [[इङ्ल्यान्ड र वेल्स]] | government_type = संवैधानिक राजतन्त्रको अंश, संयुक्त अधिराज्य सरकारले प्रयोग गरेको प्रत्यक्ष सरकार | monarch = [[चार्ल्स तृतीय]] | number_of_mps = ५३३ | ethnic_groups = {{unbulleted list |item_style=white-space:nowrap; | ८१.०% खेरौं | ९.७% ब्रिटिस एसियाली | ४.२% कालो | २.९% मिश्रित | २.२% अन्य }} | ethnic_groups_ref = <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ethnic group - Office for National Statistics |url=https://www.ons.gov.uk/datasets/TS021/editions/2021/versions/1/filter-outputs/d2f0a39a-75b6-4995-b4bd-a5b68ff79027#get-data |access-date=2022-11-29 |website=www.ons.gov.uk}}</ref> | ethnic_groups_year = सन् २०२१ | established_event1 = एकीकरण | established_date1 = सन् ९२७ जुलाई १२ | established_event2 = स्कटल्यान्डसँग एकीकरण | established_date2 = सन् १७०७ मे १ | area_rank = | area_sq_mi = 50301 | area_km2 = 130279 | area_footnote = <ref name=ONSCOUNTRYPROFILES>[http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/publications/re-reference-tables.html?edition=tcm%3A77-325257 Region and Country Profiles, Key Statistics and Profiles, October 2013] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924095611/http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/publications/re-reference-tables.html?edition=tcm%3A77-325257 |date=2015-09-24 }}, ONS. Retrieved 9 August 2015.</ref> | area_label = जमिन | percent_water = | population_estimate = | population_estimate_rank = | population_estimate_year = | population_census = {{increaseNeutral}} ५,६४,८९,८००<ref>{{cite web |url=https://census.gov.uk/census-2021-results/phase-one-first-results |title=Phase one - Census 2021 first results |website=Census 2021}}</ref> | population_census_year = सन् २०२१ | population_density_mi2 = auto | population_density_km2 = 434 | population_density_rank = | pop_den_footnote = | GDP_PPP = | GDP_PPP_rank = | GDP_PPP_year = | GDP_PPP_per_capita = | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = | GDP_nominal = | GDP_nominal_rank = | GDP_nominal_year = | GDP_nominal_per_capita = | GVA = £१.६८३ ट्रिलियन<ref>{{cite web|title=Regional gross value added (balanced) per head and income components|url=https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/grossdomesticproductgdp/datasets/regionalgrossdomesticproductallnutslevelregions|first=Trevor |last=Fenton|website=www.ons.gov.uk}}</ref> | GVA_rank = | GVA_year = सन् २०२० | GVA_per_capita = £२९,७५७ | Gini_year = | Gini_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | Gini = <!--number only--> | Gini_ref = | Gini_rank = | HDI_year = | HDI_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | HDI = <!--number only--> | HDI_ref = | HDI_rank = | patron_saint = [[सेन्ट जर्ज]] | cctld = | footnote_a = | currency = [[पाउन्ड स्टर्लिङ]] | currency_code = जिबिपी | time_zone = ग्रिनविच मध्याह्न समय | utc_offset = +० | time_zone_DST = ब्रिटिस ग्रीष्म समय | utc_offset_DST = +१ }} '''इङ्ल्यान्ड''' ([[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]]: England) संयुक्त अधिराज्यको एउटा राज्य हो। यसको क्षेत्रफल ५०,३३१ वर्ग मील छ। यो [[संयुक्त अधिराज्य]] अर्थात युनाइटेड किंगडमको सबैभन्दा ठूलो देश हो। इङ्ल्यान्ड बाहेक [[स्कटल्यान्ड|स्कटल्याण्ड]], [[वेल्स]] र [[उत्तर आयरल्यान्ड]] पनि [[संयुक्त अधिराज्य]]मा छन। यो यूरोपको उत्तर पश्चिममा अवस्थित छ जुन मुख्य भूमि देखि इंग्लिश च्यानल द्वारा पृथकीकृत द्वीपको अङ्ग हो। यसको अधिकारिक भाषा [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]] हो र यो विश्वको सबैभन्दा सम्पन्न तथा शक्तिशाली देशहरू मध्य एक हो। == यो पनि हेर्नुहोस == [[संयुक्त अधिराज्य]] == सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू == {{Commonscat|England}} [[श्रेणी:संयुक्त अधिराज्य]] [[श्रेणी:द्वीपीय देशहरू]] [[श्रेणी:अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा आधिकारिक भएका देश तथा क्षेत्रहरू]] f8iz61d8akj3hs8i5mist4u8wqi2rn2 10 18710 1354858 585898 2026-05-11T08:23:29Z Bishaldev100 28807 1354858 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude> :''This template is used in conjunction with {{tl|Infobox Officeholder}}.'' {{pp-template|small=yes}} </noinclude><includeonly> <!----------Speaker of the House----------> {{#if:{{{speaker|}}}| {{#if:{{{state_legislature|}}}| !colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:110%;"{{!}}<hr/><div style="background:lavender;">{{{speaker}}} [[Speaker of the {{{legislature|}}} Legislature]]</div> {{!}}- |{{#if:{{{state_assembly|}}}| !colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:110%;"{{!}}<hr/><div style="background:lavender;">{{{speaker}}} [[Speaker of the {{{state_assembly|}}} {{#ifeq:{{{state_assembly|}}}|Nevada||{{#ifeq:{{{state_assembly|}}}|New Jersey|General|State}}}} Assembly]]</div> {{!}}- |{{#if:{{{speaker|}}}| !colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:110%;"{{!}}<hr/><div style="background:lavender;">{{{speaker}}} {{#if:{{{speaker_office|}}}|{{{speaker_office}}}|[[Speaker of the {{#if:{{{state_delegate|}}} |{{{state_delegate}}}|{{#if:{{{state_house|}}} |{{{state_house}}}|United States}}}} House of {{#if:{{{state_delegate|}}}|Delegates|Representatives}}|Speaker of the {{#if:{{{state_delegate|}}} |{{{state_delegate}}}|{{#if:{{{state_house|}}} |{{{state_house}}}|U.S.}}}} House of {{#if:{{{state_delegate|}}}|Delegates|Representatives}}]]}}</div> {{!}}- }} }} }} }} <!----------Office----------> {{#if:{{{{{#if:{{{nominee{{{1}}}|}}}|nominee|candidate}}{{{1}}}|}}}| !colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:110%;"{{!}}<hr/><div style="background:lavender;"> {{#if:{{{party{{#if:{{{party_election{{{1}}}||}}}|_election{{{1}}}||}}|}}}|{{{party{{#if:{{{party_election{{{1}}}||}}}|_election{{{1}}}||}}|}}}&nbsp;}}{{#if:{{{nominee{{{1}}}|}}}|{{#if:{{{party{{#if:{{{party_election{{{1}}}||}}}|_election{{{1}}}||}}|}}}|n|N}}ominee|{{#if:{{{party{{#if:{{{party_election{{{1}}}||}}}|_election{{{1}}}||}}|}}}|c|C}}andidate}} for<br>{{{{{#if:{{{nominee{{{1}}}|}}}|nominee|candidate}}{{{1}}}|}}}</div> {{!}}- {{#if:{{{term{{#if:{{{termstart{{{1}}}|}}}||_}}start{{{1}}}|}}}{{{election_date{{{1}}}|}}} | {{!}}colspan="2" style="border-bottom:none; text-align:center;"{{!}}'''Election&nbsp;date'''<br />{{#if:{{{election_date{{{1}}}|}}}|{{{election_date{{{1}}}}}}|{{{term{{#if:{{{termstart{{{1}}}|}}}||_}}start{{{1}}}}}}}} {{!}}- }} }} {{#if:{{{majority_leader{{{1}}}|}}}{{{majorityleader{{{1}}}|}}}{{{minority_floor_leader{{{1}}}|}}}{{{minority_leader{{{1}}}|}}}{{{majority_floor_leader{{{1}}}|}}}|| {{#if:{{{jr/sr{{{1}}}|}}}| {{!}}colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:110%;"{{!}}<hr/><div style="background:lavender; font-weight:bold;">[[United States Senate|{{{jr/sr{{{1}}}}}}{{#if:{{{succeeding{{{1}}}|}}} |-elect}}]]<br />from {{{state{{{1}}}}}}</div> {{!}}- }} {{#if:{{{jr/sr and state{{{1}}}|}}}| {{!}}colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:110%;"{{!}}<hr/><div style="background:lavender; font-weight:bold;">{{{jr/sr and state{{{1}}}}}}</div> {{!}}- }} {{#if:{{{state_senate{{{1}}}|}}}| {{!}}colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:110%;"{{!}}<hr/><div style="background:lavender; font-weight:bold">Member of the [[{{{state_senate{{{1}}}}}} Senate]]<br />from the {{{district{{{1}}}}}} district{{#if:{{{prior_term{{{1}}}|}}}| <br /><small>{{{prior_term{{{1}}}}}}</small>}} </div> {{!}}- }} {{#if:{{{state_legislature{{{1}}}|}}}| {{!}}colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:110%;"{{!}}<hr/><div style="background:lavender; font-weight:bold">Member of the [[{{{state_legislature{{{1}}}}}} Legislature]]<br />from the {{{district{{{1}}}}}} district</div> {{!}}- }} }} {{#if:{{{{{#if:{{{ambassador_from{{{1}}}|}}}|ambassador|minister}}_from{{{1}}}|}}}|| {{#if:{{{order{{{1}}}|}}} | !colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:110%;"{{!}} <hr/><!-- --><div style="background:lavender;">{{{order{{{1}}}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{office{{{1}}}|}}} |&nbsp;[[{{{office{{{1}}}}}}]]}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{state{{{1}}}|}}} |&nbsp;[[{{{state{{{1}}}}}}]]}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{title{{{1}}}|}}} |&nbsp;{{{title{{{1}}}}}}}}<!-- --></div> {{!}}-| {{#if:{{{office{{{1}}}|}}}| {{!}}colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:110%;"{{!}}<hr><div style="background:lavender; font-weight:bold">{{{office{{{1}}}}}}</div> {{!}}- }} {{#if:{{{title{{{1}}}|}}}| {{!}}colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:110%;"{{!}}<hr><div style="background:lavender; font-weight:bold">{{{title{{{1}}}}}}</div> {{!}}- }} }} }} <!----------Ambassador----------> {{#if:{{{{{#if:{{{ambassador_from{{{1}}}|}}}|ambassador|minister}}_from{{{1}}}|}}}| {{#if:{{{country{{{1}}}|}}}| {{!}}colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:110%;"{{!}}<hr/><div style="background:lavender; font-weight:bold;">{{#if:{{{order{{{1}}}|}}}|{{{order{{{1}}}}}}}} [[{{{{{#if:{{{ambassador_from{{{1}}}|}}}|ambassador|minister}}_from{{{1}}}}}} Ambassador to {{{country{{{1}}}}}}{{#if:{{{minister_from{{{1}}}|}}}|{{!}}{{{minister_from{{{1}}}}}} Minister to {{{country{{{1}}}}}}}}]]</div> {{!}}- }} }} <!----------MP----------> {{#if:{{{constituency_{{#if:{{{constituency_AM{{{1}}}|}}}|AM|MP}}{{{1}}}|}}}| {{!}}colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:110%;"{{!}}<hr/><div style="background:lavender; font-weight:bold;">{{#ifeq:{{{parliament{{{1}}}|}}}|Ireland|[[Teachta Dála]]|{{#if:{{{constituency_AM{{{1}}}|}}}|{{#if:{{{assembly{{{1}}}|}}}|[[{{{assembly{{{1}}}}}} संबिधान सभा]] सदस्य|विधान सभा सदस्य}}|Member of {{#if:{{{parliament{{{1}}}|}}}|the [[{{{parliament{{{1}}}}}} Parliament]]|Parliament}}}}}}<br />for {{{constituency_{{#if:{{{constituency_AM{{{1}}}|}}}|AM|MP}}{{{1}}}}}}</div> {{!}}- }} {{#if:{{{riding{{{1}}}|}}}| {{!}}colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:110%;"{{!}}<hr/><div style="background:lavender; font-weight:bold;">{{#if:{{{constituency_AM{{{1}}}|}}}|{{#if:{{{assembly{{{1}}}|}}}|[[{{{assembly{{{1}}}}}} संबिधान सभा]] सदस्य}}|Member of {{#if:{{{parliament{{{1}}}|}}}|the [[{{{parliament{{{1}}}}}} Parliament]]|Parliament}}}}<br />for {{{riding{{{1}}}}}}</div> {{!}}- }} <!----------Majority Leader (State Senate)----------> {{#if:{{{majority_leader{{{1}}}|}}}| !colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:110%;"{{!}}<hr/><div style="background:lavender;">{{{majority_leader{{{1}}}}}} [[Majority Leader of the {{{state_senate{{{1}}}}}} Senate|Majority Leader of the {{{state_senate{{{1}}}}}} Senate]]</div> {{!}}- }} <!----------Majority Floor Leader (State Senate)----------> {{#if:{{{majority_floor_leader{{{1}}}|}}}| !colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:110%;"{{!}}<hr/><div style="background:lavender;">{{{majority_floor_leader{{{1}}}}}} [[Majority Floor Leader of the {{{state_senate{{{1}}}}}} Senate|Majority Floor Leader of the {{{state_senate{{{1}}}}}} Senate]]</div> {{!}}- }} <!----------Minority Leader (State Senate)----------> {{#if:{{{minority_leader{{{1}}}|}}}| !colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:110%;"{{!}}<hr/><div style="background:lavender;">{{{minority_leader{{{1}}}}}} [[Minority Leader of the {{{state_senate{{{1}}}}}} Senate|Minority Leader of the {{{state_senate{{{1}}}}}} Senate]]</div> {{!}}- }} <!----------Minority Floor Leader (State Senate)----------> {{#if:{{{minority_floor_leader{{{1}}}|}}}| !colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:110%;"{{!}}<hr/><div style="background:lavender;">{{{minority_floor_leader{{{1}}}}}} [[Minority Floor Leader of the {{{state_senate{{{1}}}}}} Senate|Minority Floor Leader of the {{{state_senate{{{1}}}}}} Senate]]</div> {{!}}- }} <!----------Majority Leader----------> {{#if:{{{majorityleader{{{1}}}|}}}| !colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:110%;"{{!}}<hr/><div style="background:lavender;">{{{majorityleader{{{1}}}}}} [[United States Senate Majority Leader]]</div> {{!}}- }} <!----------Congressman----------> {{#if:{{{state_legislature{{{1}}}|}}}{{{state_senate{{{1}}}|}}}{{{jr/sr{{{1}}}|}}}{{{jr/sr and state{{{1}}}|}}}|| {{#if:{{{district{{{1}}}|}}}| {{#if:{{{succeeding{{{1}}}|}}}|{{!}}colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:110%;"{{!}}<hr/><div style="background:lavender; font-weight:bold;">Representative-elect{{#if:{{{state{{{1}}}|}}}|&nbsp;from<br />{{{state{{{1}}}}}}'s {{{district{{{1}}}}}}}} {{!}}-|{{#if:{{{state_assembly{{{1}}}|}}}| !colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:110%;"{{!}}<hr/><div style="background:lavender;">Member of the [[{{{state_assembly{{{1}}}|}}} {{#ifeq:{{{state_assembly{{{1}}}|}}}|Nevada||{{#ifeq:{{{state_assembly{{{1}}}|}}}|New Jersey|General|State}}}} Assembly]]<br />from {{#if:{{{state_assembly{{{1}}}|}}}|the {{{district{{{1}}}}}}}} district</div> {{!}}- |{{#if:{{{district{{{1}}}|}}}| {{!}}colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:110%;"{{!}}<hr/><div style="background:lavender; font-weight:bold;">Member of the [[{{#if:{{{state_house{{{1}}}|}}} |{{{state_house{{{1}}}}}}|{{#if:{{{state_delegate{{{1}}}|}}}|{{{state_delegate{{{1}}}}}}|United States}}}} House of {{#if:{{{state_delegate{{{1}}}|}}}|Delegates|Representatives}}|{{#if:{{{state_house{{{1}}}|}}} |{{{state_house{{{1}}}}}}|{{#if:{{{state_delegate{{{1}}}|}}}|{{{state_delegate{{{1}}}}}}|U.S.}}}} House of {{#if:{{{state_delegate{{{1}}}|}}}|Delegates|Representatives}}]]<br />from {{#if:{{{state_delegate{{{1}}}|}}}|the |{{#if:{{{state_house{{{1}}}|}}}|the |{{{state{{{1}}}}}}'s}}}} {{{district{{{1}}}}}} district{{#if:{{{prior_term{{{1}}}|}}}| <br /><small>{{{prior_term{{{1}}}}}}</small>}} </div> {{!}}- }} }} }} }} }} <!----------Term----------> {{#if:{{{{{#if:{{{nominee{{{1}}}|}}}|nominee|candidate}}{{{1}}}|}}}|| {{#if:{{{succeeding{{{1}}}|}}}| {{!}}colspan="2" style="border-bottom:none; text-align:center;"{{!}}'''Taking&nbsp;office'''<br />{{{term{{#if:{{{termstart{{{1}}}|}}}||_}}start{{{1}}}}}} {{!}}- |{{#if: {{{term{{{1}}}|}}}| {{!}}colspan="2" style="border-bottom:none; text-align:center;"{{!}}'''कार्यकाल'''<br />{{{term{{{1}}}}}} {{!}}- }} {{#if:{{{term{{#if:{{{termstart{{{1}}}|}}}||_}}start{{{1}}}|}}}| {{#if:{{{term{{#if:{{{termend{{{1}}}|}}}||_}}end{{{1}}}|}}} |<!--then term has start and end:--> {{!}}colspan="2" style="border-bottom:none; text-align:center;"{{!}}'''कार्यकाल'''<br />{{{term{{#if:{{{termstart{{{1}}}|}}}||_}}start{{{1}}}}}}&nbsp;&ndash;&nbsp;{{{term{{#if:{{{termend{{{1}}}|}}}||_}}end{{{1}}}}}}{{#if:{{{alongside{{{1}}}|}}}|<br />Serving with {{{alongside{{{1}}}}}}}} {{!}}- |<!--else:--> <!--term is ongoing--> {{!}}colspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:lavender;"{{!}} '''[[पदस्थ]]''' {{!}}- }} {{#if:{{{term{{#if:{{{termend{{{1}}}|}}}||_}}end{{{1}}}|}}} |<!--then nothing else; term has ended--> |<!--else term is ongoing:--> {{!}}colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"{{!}}'''कार्यभार&nbsp;ग्रहण&nbsp;'''<br />{{{term{{#if:{{{termstart{{{1}}}|}}}||_}}start{{{1}}}}}}{{#if:{{{alongside{{{1}}}|}}}|<br />Serving with {{{alongside{{{1}}}}}}}} {{!}}- }} }} }} }} <!---------- President, Prime Minister, Governor----------> {{#if:{{{monarch{{{1}}}|}}}| ! राजश्री {{!}} {{{monarch{{{1}}}}}} {{!}}- }} {{#if:{{{president{{{1}}}|}}}| ! राष्ट्रपति {{!}} {{{president{{{1}}}}}} {{!}}- }} {{#if:{{{governor{{#if:{{{governor-general{{{1}}}|}}}|-|_}}general{{{1}}}|}}}| ! गवर्नर{{#if:{{{governor-general{{{1}}}|}}}|&ndash;|&nbsp;}}जनरल {{!}} {{{governor{{#if:{{{governor-general{{{1}}}|}}}|-|_}}general{{{1}}}}}} {{!}}- }} {{#if:{{{primeminister{{{1}}}|}}}| ! प्रधान &nbsp;मंत्री {{!}} {{{primeminister{{{1}}}}}} {{!}}- }} {{#if:{{{chancellor{{{1}}}|}}}| ! कुलपति {{!}} {{{chancellor{{{1}}}}}} {{!}}- }} {{#if:{{{taoiseach{{{1}}}|}}}| ! ताओईसीच {{!}} {{{taoiseach{{{1}}}}}} {{!}}- }} {{#if:{{{firstminister{{{1}}}|}}}| ! प्रथम &nbsp;मंत्री {{!}} {{{firstminister{{{1}}}}}} {{!}}- }} {{#if:{{{premier{{{1}}}|}}}| ! राजनयिक {{!}} {{{premier{{{1}}}}}} {{!}}- }} {{#if:{{{governor{{{1}}}|}}}| ! राज्यपाल {{!}} {{{governor{{{1}}}}}} {{!}}- }} {{#if:{{{lieutenant_governor{{{1}}}|}}}| ! उप&nbsp;राज्यपाल {{!}} {{{lieutenant_governor{{{1}}}}}} {{!}}- }} <!---------- Vice president/s, Vice Prime Minister/s, Deputy/ies, Lieutenant/s----------> {{#if:{{{vicepresident{{{1}}}|}}}| ! {{#if:{{{office{{{1}}}|}}}|{{#ifeq:{{isValidPageName|Vice {{{office{{{1}}}}}}}}|valid|[[Vice {{{office{{{1}}}}}}|उपराष्ट्रपति]]|उपराष्ट्रपति}}|उपराष्ट्रपति}} {{!}} {{{vicepresident{{{1}}}}}} {{!}}- }} {{#if:{{{vicegovernor{{{1}}}|}}}| ! {{#if:{{{office{{{1}}}|}}}|{{#ifeq:{{isValidPageName|Vice {{{office{{{1}}}}}}}}|valid|[[Vice {{{office{{{1}}}}}}|उप&nbsp;राज्यपाल]]|Vice&nbsp;Governor}}|Vice&nbsp;Governor}} {{!}} {{{vicegovernor{{{1}}}}}} {{!}}- }} {{#if:{{{viceprimeminister{{{1}}}|}}}| ! {{#if:{{{office{{{1}}}|}}}|[[Vice {{{office{{{1}}}}}}|Vice&nbsp;PM]]|Vice&nbsp;[[Prime Minister|PM]]}} {{!}} {{{viceprimeminister{{{1}}}}}} {{!}}- }} {{#if:{{{vicepremier{{{1}}}|}}}| ! {{#if:{{{office{{{1}}}|}}}|{{#ifeq:{{isValidPageName|Vice {{{office{{{1}}}}}}}}|valid|[[Vice {{{office}}}|Vice&nbsp;Premier]]|Vice&nbsp;Premier}}|Vice&nbsp;Premier}} {{!}} {{{vicepremier{{{1}}}}}} {{!}}- }} {{#if:{{{deputy{{{1}}}|}}}| ! {{#if:{{{office{{{1}}}|}}}|{{#ifeq:{{isValidPageName|Deputy {{{office{{{1}}}}}}}}|valid|[[Deputy {{{office{{{1}}}}}}|Deputy]]|Deputy}}|Deputy}} {{!}} {{{deputy{{{1}}}}}} {{!}}- }} {{#if:{{{leader{{{1}}}|}}}| ! नेता {{!}} {{{leader{{{1}}}}}} {{!}}- }} {{#if:{{{lieutenant{{{1}}}|}}}| ! {{#if:{{{office{{{1}}}|}}}|[[Lieutenant {{{office{{{1}}}}}}|Lieutenant]]|Lieutenant}} {{!}} {{{lieutenant{{{1}}}}}} {{!}}- }} {{#if:{{{nominator{{{1}}}|}}}| ! द्वारा&nbsp;नामांकित {{!}} {{{nominator{{{1}}}}}} {{!}}- }} {{#if:{{{appointe{{#if:{{{appointer|}}}|r|d}}{{{1}}}|}}}| ! द्वारा&nbsp;नियुक्त {{!}} {{{appointe{{#if:{{{appointer|}}}|r|d}}{{{1}}}}}} {{!}}- }} <!---------- Blank fields ----------> {{#if:{{{1namedata{{{1}}}|}}}| ! {{{1blankname{{{1}}}|}}} {{!}} {{{1namedata{{{1}}}}}} {{!}}- }} {{#if:{{{2namedata{{{1}}}|}}}| ! {{{2blankname{{{1}}}|}}} {{!}} {{{2namedata{{{1}}}}}} {{!}}- }} {{#if:{{{3namedata{{{1}}}|}}}| ! {{{3blankname{{{1}}}|}}} {{!}} {{{3namedata{{{1}}}}}} {{!}}- }} {{#if:{{{4namedata{{{1}}}|}}}| ! {{{4blankname{{{1}}}|}}} {{!}} {{{4namedata{{{1}}}}}} {{!}}- }} {{#if:{{{5namedata{{{1}}}|}}}| ! {{{5blankname{{{1}}}|}}} {{!}} {{{5namedata{{{1}}}}}} {{!}}- }} <!----------Predecessor/successor----------> {{#if:{{{runningmate{{{1}}}|}}}| ! Running&nbsp;mate {{!}} {{{runningmate{{{1}}}}}} {{!}}- }} {{#if:{{{opponent{{{1}}}|}}}| विरोधी {{!}} {{{opponent{{{1}}}}}} {{!}}- }} {{#if:{{{incumbent{{{1}}}|}}}| ! प्रत्याशी {{!}} {{{incumbent{{{1}}}}}} {{!}}- }} {{#if:{{{succeeding{{{1}}}|}}}| ! पूर्वाधिकारी {{!}} {{{succeeding{{{1}}}}}} {{!}}- |{{#if:{{{preceding{{{1}}}|}}}| ! उत्तराधिकारी {{!}} {{{preceding{{{1}}}}}} {{!}}- }} {{#if:{{{{{#if:{{{predecessor{{{1}}}|}}}|predecessor|preceded}}{{{1}}}|}}} | ! पूर्व अधिकारी {{!}} {{{{{#if:{{{predecessor{{{1}}}|}}}|predecessor|preceded}}{{{1}}}|}}} {{!}}- }} {{#switch:{{{{{#if:{{{successor{{{1}}}|}}}|successor|succeeded}}{{{1}}}|}}} | Incumbent | '''Incumbent''' | ''Incumbent'' | [[Incumbent]] | incumbent | '''incumbent''' | ''incumbent'' | [[incumbent]] = |{{#if:{{{{{#if:{{{successor{{{1}}}|}}}|successor|succeeded}}{{{1}}}|}}} | ! उत्तराधिकारी {{!}} {{{{{#if:{{{successor{{{1}}}|}}}|successor|succeeded}}{{{1}}}|}}} }} {{!}}- }}}} <!-----Constituency-----> {{#if:{{{constituency{{{1}}}|}}}| ! निर्वाचन क्षेत्र {{!}} {{{constituency{{{1}}}}}} {{!}}- }} <!-----Majority-----> {{#if:{{{majority{{{1}}}|}}}| ! बहुमत {{!}} {{{majority{{{1}}}}}} {{!}}- }}</includeonly> sofn2tyg9ybvlo9rjr0lowll51ti7v9 0 58702 1354835 1269031 2026-05-10T16:22:15Z KKaarki10 78233 बाह्य कडी जोडियो 1354835 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox musical artist |name = स्नूप डग |image = Snoop Dogg 2012.jpg |caption = Snoop performing at ''The Hoxton'' in Toronto, Canada, in August 2012. |background = solo_singer |birth_name = Calvin Cordozar Broadus, Jr.<ref>http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,2093588_2093587_2093596,00.html</ref><ref>http://www.biography.com/people/snoop-dogg-197052</ref><ref>http://online.wsj.com/article/0,,SB1032128650117322315,00.html</ref><ref>http://blogs.phoenixnewtimes.com/uponsun/2011/10/happy_birthday_snoop_see_you_a.php</ref> |alias = Snoop Doggy Dogg, Snoop Lion, DJ Snoopadelic, Snoopzilla |birth_date = स.न् १९७१ [[अक्टोबर]] २०<br />[[क्यालिफोरनिया]], [[संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका|अमेरिका]] |origin = {{nowrap|[[इस्ट साइड]], [[लङ बिच]], [[क्यालिफोर्निया]], अमेरिका}} |Religion = [[Rastafari movement|Rastafari]] |occupation = [[गायक]], [[र्‍यापर]], [[गीतकार]], [[अभिनेता]] |genre = [[हिप-हप सङ्गीत|हिप हप]], [[जि-फङ्क]], [[रेगि]], [[र्‍याप]] |years_active = १९९२–हालसम्म |label = [[डेथ रो]], [[नो लिमिट]], [[Priority Records|Priority]], [[Star Trak Entertainment|Star&nbsp;Trak]], [[Geffen Records|Geffen]], [[डगिस्टायल]],[[भाइस रेकर्ड]], [[Mad Decent]], [[आर.सि.ए रेकर्ड]] |associated_acts = <!--PLEASE NOTE: If you are going to add to this list make sure that it is an artist who has formed a SIGNIFICANT part of Snoop Dogg's career.-->[[213 (group)|213]], [[Tha Dogg Pound]], [[Tha Eastsidaz]], [[2Pac]], [[Bow Wow (rapper)|Bow Wow]], [[Dr. Dre]], [[Game (rapper)|Game]], [[Wiz Khalifa]], [[Master P]], [[C-Murder]], [[Dam-Funk]] |website = {{URL|snooplion.com/}} }} '''स्नूप डग''' एक [[अमेरिकी]] [[गायक]], [[र्‍यापर]], [[गीतकार]] तथा [[अभिनेता]] हुन् । उनको जन्म स.न् १९७१ को [[अक्टोबर]] २० मा [[संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका|अमेरिका]]को क्यालिफोर्निया सहरमा भएको थियो । ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{Reflist|30em}} ==बाह्य कडी== {{wikiquote}} {{Commons category}} * {{Official website|http://www.snoopdogg.com}} * {{facebook|snoopdogg}} * {{twitter|snoopdogg}} * {{myspace|snoopdogg}} * [http://www.youtube.com/user/westfesttv Snoopdog TV] on [[Youtube]] * {{Allmusic|class=artist|id=p41625}} * {{Discogs artist|Snoop Dogg}} * {{IMDb name|4879}} <!-- Metadata: see Wikipedia:Persondata --> ==यी पनि हेर्नुहोस्== {{Commonscat|Snoop Dogg}} {{Persondata |NAME= Snoop Dogg |ALTERNATIVE NAMES= Broadus, Cordozar Calvin, Jr. |SHORT DESCRIPTION= [[Rapper]], actor |DATE OF BIRTH=1971-10-20 |PLACE OF BIRTH= [[Long Beach, California|Long Beach]], California }} [[श्रेणी:अमेरिकी गायकहरू]] [[श्रेणी:अमेरिकी चलचित्र अभिनेताहरू]] [[श्रेणी:लस एन्जलसका अभिनेताहरू]] bahjmecurbyib571t4fafphoptb45ti 0 61709 1354844 1354650 2026-05-11T03:35:03Z InternetArchiveBot 53012 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1354844 wikitext text/x-wiki {{विशेष लेख|व्यक्तित्व}} {{Infobox person | name = दीपिका पादुकोण<br>({{en|Deepika Padukone}}) | image = Deepika Padukone Cannes 2018 (cropped).jpg | imagesize = | caption = सन् २०१८ मा पादुकोण | birth_date = {{birth date|1986|1|5}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Happy 27th b'day Deepika Padukone|trans-title=दीपिका पादुकोण को 27वाँ जन्मदिन मुबारक हो|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/photogallery/8238.html|publisher=[[सीएनएन आईबीएन]]|accessdate=13 अगस्त 2013|language=अङ्ग्रेजी}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130107224248/http://ibnlive.in.com/photogallery/8238.html |date=2013-01-07 }}</ref><ref name="bio">{{cite news|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Celebrity/Deepika-Padukone/894255-Profile.aspx|title=Biography: Deepika Padukone|trans-title=जीवनी: दीपिका पादुकोण|date=2012-07-23|work=[[हिन्दुस्तान टाईम्स]]|accessdate=13 अगस्त 2013|language=अङ्ग्रेजी}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141231022055/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Celebrity/Deepika-Padukone/894255-Profile.aspx |date=2014-12-31 }}</ref> | birth_place = [[कोपनहेगन]], [[डेनमार्क]] | occupation = अभिनेत्री | years_active = २००४–वर्तमान<ref name="summer">{{cite web|last=मेनन|first=सिता|url=http://www.rediff.com/getahead/2005/apr/21fwdeep.htm|title=Go white this summer |trans-title = इस गर्मी में सफेद जाओ |accessdate=13 अगस्त 2013|date=2005-04-21|work=[[रीडिफ.कॉम]]}}</ref> | spouse = रणवीर सिंह<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/deepika-padukone-ranveer-singh-are-married-now-wedding-ceremony-ends-in-italy/story-OrrIJnMvTwI1wSwl7JbWqM.html|title=Deepika Padukone, Ranveer Singh are married now, wedding ceremony ends in Italy|accessdate=2019-02-15}}</ref> | height = {{height|ft=5|in=8}} <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.celebheightweight.com/2014/11/deepika-padukone-height-weight-bra-size-shoe-size-body-measurements-waist-hips/|title=Deepika Padukone Height, Weight, Bra Size, Shoe Size, Body, Measurements, Waist, Hips|publisher=Celebrity Measurements|date= |accessdate=2015-09-27}}</ref> }} '''दीपिका पादुकोण''' ({{IPA-hns|d̪iːpɪkaː pəɖʊkoːɳ|उच्चारण}}; जन्म ५ जनवरी १९८६) एक भारतीय अभिनेत्री एवं मोडल हुन्। उनी बलिउड चलचित्र उद्योगकी सबैभन्दा चर्चित अभिनेत्रीहरू मध्ये एक र सर्वाधिक पारिश्रमिक लिने भारतीय महिला अभिनेत्रीमा पर्छिन्। उनले आफ्नो जीवनयात्रा [[बलिउड]]मा स्थापित गरिसकेकी छिन् र हालसम्म दुई [[फिल्मफेयर पुरस्कार]] प्राप्त गरिसकेकी छिन्। पादुकोण, ब्याडमिन्टन खेलाडी [[प्रकाश पादुकोण]]की छोरी हुन। उनको जन्म [[कोपनहेगन]]मा भएको हो र हुर्काई [[बेङ्गलोर]]मा भएको हो। बाल्यवस्थामा उनले राष्ट्रियस्तरको ब्याडमिन्टन च्याम्पियनसिप खेलेकी छन् तर फेसन मोडल बन्नका लागि उनले ब्याडमिन्टन खेल छाडेकी थिइन्। मोडलिङ क्षेत्रबाट प्रवेश गरेकी उनले चाँडै चलचित्रमा अभिनय गर्ने अवसर प्राप्त गरिन्। सन् २००६ मा [[कन्नड चलचित्र]] ''[[ऐश्वर्य (चलचित्र)|ऐश्वर्य]]''मा मुख्य भूमिकामा उनले चलचित्र जगतमा पदार्पण गरिन्। पादुकोण त्यसपछि दोहोरो भूमिकामा उनको पहिलो बलिउड ब्लकबस्टर सन् २००७ मा प्रदर्शित ''[[ओम शान्ति ओम]]''बाट गरिन् जसले उनलाई [[सर्वश्रेष्ठ महिला पदार्पणको लागि फिल्मफेयर पुरस्कार|फिल्मफेयर उत्कृष्ट नयाँ महिला कलाकारको लागि पुरस्कार]] दिलाएको थियो। पादुकोणद्वारा अभिनित ''[[लभ आज कल]]'' (२००९) र ''[[लफङ्गे परिन्दे]]'' (२०१०) चलचित्रमा गरिएको दमदार अभिनयको लागि उनले निकै चर्चा कमाइन्। साथै त्यसै समयमा उनीद्वारा अभिनित ''[[बच्ना ए हसिनो]]'' (२००८) र हाँस्य चलचित्र ''[[हाउसफुल (२०१० चलचित्र)|हाउसफुल]]'' (२०१०) चलचित्रले नकारात्मक समीक्षा पाएको थियो। सन् २०१२ मा प्रदर्शित बक्स अफिस हिट ''[[ककटेल (२०१२ चलचित्र)|ककटेल]]'' चलचित्रले उनको अभिनय यात्रामा आयाम त थप्यो नै उनको अभिनयलाई सम्मान प्रदान गर्दै विभिन्न पुरस्कार समारोहमा उत्कृष्ट अभिनेत्रीको लागि नामाङ्कन समेत गराएको थियो। त्यसपछि उनी ''[[ये जवानी है दीवानी]]'' (२०१३), ''[[चेन्नई एक्सप्रेस]]'' (२०१३) र ''[[ह्याप्पी न्यू इअर (चलचित्र)|ह्याप्पी न्यू इयर]]'' (२०१४) जस्ता हाँस्य चलचित्र जुन [[सबैभन्दा बढी कमाइ गर्ने भारतीय चलचित्रहरू|सबैभन्दा बढी कमाइ गर्ने बलिउड चलचित्र]] रहेका थिए त्यस्ता चलचित्रमा मुख्य महिला पात्रको अभिनय गरेर बलिउडमा आफ्नो स्थान जमाइन्। उनले सन् २०१३ मा ''[[गोलियों की रासलीला राम-लीला]]'' नामक चलचित्रमा दमदार अभिनय गरेर [[सर्वश्रेष्ठ अभिनेत्रीको लागि फिल्मफेयर पुरस्कार]] जितेकी थिइन्। अभिनय क्षेत्र बहेक पादुकोण रङ्गमञ्चमा भाग लिने गरेकी छिन् साथै उनले एक भारतीय पत्रिकाको लागि लेख समेत लेखिसकेकी छिन्। यस बाहेक उनले विभिन्न ब्रान्ड र उत्पादनको लागि स्थायी रूपमा विज्ञापन गर्ने गरेकी छिन्। महिलाको हक तथा अधिकारको लागि पनि उनले बेला बखत आवाज उठाउने गरेकी छिन्। == व्यक्तिगत जीवन र मोडलिङ करियर== दीपिका पादुकोणको जन्म ५ जनवरी १९८६ मा [[डेनमार्क]]को [[कोपनहेगन]]मा भएको हो। उनको जन्म [[कोङ्कणी भाषा|कोंकणी]] भाषी परिवारमा भएको हो।<ref name="bio1">{{cite news|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Celebrity/Deepika-Padukone/894255-Profile.aspx|title=Biography: Deepika Padukone|accessdate=6 August 2013|date=23 July 2012|work=Hindustan Times|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20141231022055/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Celebrity/Deepika-Padukone/894255-Profile.aspx|archivedate=31 December 2014}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141231022055/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Celebrity/Deepika-Padukone/894255-Profile.aspx |date=31 December 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Baksi|first=Dibyojyoti|title=Shah Rukh Khan made Deepika Padukone learn Tamil|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Bollywood/Shah-Rukh-Khan-made-Deepika-Padukone-learn-Tamil/Article1-1075508.aspx|accessdate=18 August 2013|newspaper=Hindustan Times|date=13 June 2013}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130821034850/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Bollywood/Shah-Rukh-Khan-made-Deepika-Padukone-learn-Tamil/Article1-1075508.aspx |date=21 August 2013 }}</ref> उनको बुवा, [[प्रकाश पादुकोण|प्रकाश]], एक भूतपूर्व अन्तर्राष्ट्रियस्तरका सम्मानित ब्याडमिन्टन खेलाडी थिए। उनकी आमा उज्जाला एक यात्रु एजेन्ट थिइन्।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-182121908.html|title=She's the model of success|work=The Star|date=4 August 2008|accessdate=29 August 2013}}{{subscription required|via=Highbeam}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140610213030/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-182121908.html |date=10 June 2014 }}</ref> उनकी कान्छी बहिनी अनिसा गोल्फ खेलाडी हुन्।<ref>{{cite news|last=Kaura|first=Neha|title=Deepika’s link-ups don’t bother us, says sister|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-06-11/news-interviews/32156802_1_anisha-link-ups-film-industry|accessdate=2 July 2013|newspaper=The Times of India|date=11 June 2012}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140106032230/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-06-11/news-interviews/32156802_1_anisha-link-ups-film-industry |date=6 January 2014 }}</ref> उनको हजुरबुवा रमेश मैसुर ब्याडमिन्टन सङ्घका प्रशासक थिए।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/an-exciting-tournament/article3185184.ece|title=An exciting tournament|newspaper=The Hindu|date=5 January 2006|accessdate=3 August 2015}}</ref> पादुकोण जब एक वर्षकी थिइन् त्यस समय उनको परिवार [[भारत]]को [[बेङ्गलोर]] बसाइसराई गरे ।<ref name="toi interview">{{cite news|last=Gupta|first=Priya|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-10-13/news-interviews/34414302_1_deepika-padukone-badminton-father|title=Ranbir and I are still friends: Deepika Padukone|accessdate=29 August 2013|date=13 October 2012|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928194219/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-10-13/news-interviews/34414302_1_deepika-padukone-badminton-father |date=28 September 2013 }}</ref> उनले बेङ्गलोरको [[सोफिया उच्च विद्यालय]]बाट प्रारम्भिक शिक्षा प्राप्त गरेकी थिइन् र प्रवीणता प्रमाणपत्र तहको अध्ययन [[माउन्ट कार्मेल कलेज, बेङ्गलोर|माउन्ट कार्मेल कलेज]]बाट गरिन्।<ref>{{cite web|title=Just How educated are our Bollywood heroines?: Deepika Padukone|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-just-how-educated-are-bollywood-heroines/20120118.htm#3|publisher=Rediff.com|accessdate=6 August 2013}}</ref> उनी मानविकी संकाय अन्तर्गत [[समाजशास्त्र]] विषयमा [[स्नातक तह|स्नातक]] तहको पढाइ गर्न [[इन्दिरा गान्धी राष्ट्रिय खुल्ला विश्वविद्यालय]]मा भर्ना भइन् तर पछि उनले समयको व्यस्तता तथा मोडलिङ गर्ने समयको अनियमितताले पढाइ स्थगन गरिन्।<ref name="toi interview"/><ref>{{cite news| url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Deepika-Padukone-has-not-put-studies-on-back-burner/articleshow/2661901.cms|work=The Times of India|title=Deepika Padukone has not put studies on back-burner|accessdate=6 August 2013|date=30 December 2007|archiveurl=|archivedate=8 June 2015}}</ref> [[File:Padukone with family.jpg|thumb|left|upright=1.3|alt=Deepika Padukone is posing with her father, mother and sister|सन् २०१४ को [[५९औं फिल्मफेयर पुरस्कार]] समारोहमा दीपिका पादुकोण आफ्नो अभिभावक तथा बहिनीसँग]] पादुकोण बच्चा हुँदा कठिन सामाजिक अवस्था स्वीकार गरिन् जसले गर्दा उनको धेरै साथीहरू थिएनन्।<ref name="toi interview"/> उनको जीवनको लक्ष्य ब्याडमिन्टन थियो, जुन उनले युवा उमेरदेखि नै प्रतिस्पर्धात्मक तरिकाले खेल्ने गर्थिन्। सन् २०१२ को एक अन्तरवार्तामा पादुकोणले आफ्नो दिनचर्याको बारेमा भनेकी थिइन् "म सधैँ बिहान ५ बजे उठ्थेँ र शारीरिक कसरत गर्न जान्थे, विद्यालय जान्थे, ब्याडमिन्टन खेल्न जान्थे, आफ्नो गृहकार्य गर्थें र सुत्न जान्थेँ।"<ref name="toi interview"/> पादुकोणले विद्यालय अवधिमा ब्याडमिन्टनमा आफ्नो जीवन बनाउन जारी राखिन् र राष्ट्रियस्तरको च्याम्पियनसिपमा भाग लिइन्। उनले राज्यस्तरका बेसबल प्रतियोगितामा पनि आफ्नो सहभागिता जनाइन्।<ref>{{cite news|last=Banerjee|first=Soumyadipta|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-i-was-a-state-level-baseball-player-deepika-padukone-1349480|title=I was a state level baseball player: Deepika Padukone|work=Daily News and Analysis|accessdate=3 August 2013|date=18 February 2010}}</ref> शिक्षा तथा खेल करियरमा आफ्नो ध्यान केन्द्रित राखिरहेकै बेला पादुकोणले बाल कलाकारको रूपमा समेत कार्य गरिन्। उनी ८ वर्षको उमेरमा एक दुई विज्ञापन अभियानमा देखा परिन्।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/mp/2004/08/11/stories/2004081101100100.htm|title=The long and short of the ramp|work=The Hindu|accessdate=3 August 2013|date=11 August 2004}}</ref> १० कक्षामा अध्ययन गर्दा उनले आफ्नो ध्यान परिवर्तन गरी फेसन मोडल बन्ने निर्णय गरिन्। <ref name="model">{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/613309.cms|title=Smash hit on the ramp|work=The Times of India|first=Asha|last=Chowdary|accessdate=3 August 2013|date=13 April 2004}}</ref> सन् २००४ मा उनले [[प्रसाद बिडापा]]को संरक्षणमा पूर्ण समय मोडल बन्ने कार्यमा लागिन्।<ref name="model"/><ref>{{cite news|last=Malani|first=Gaurav|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-12-07/news-interviews/30485701_1_deepika-padukone-badminton-short-film|title=Deepika Padukone not a part of race|accessdate=3 August 2013|date=7 December 2011|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928194256/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-12-07/news-interviews/30485701_1_deepika-padukone-badminton-short-film |date=28 September 2013 }}<br>{{cite news|last=Saran|first=Rhea|title=Venus Rising?|url=http://www.verveonline.com/30/people/verve/venus/excerpt.shtml|accessdate=7 August 2013|work=Verve (magazine)}}</ref> करियरको प्रारम्भिक चरणमा पादुकोणले लिरिल साबुनको टेलिभिजन विज्ञापनले पहिचान प्राप्त गरिन्। त्यस सँगै उनले विभिन्न ब्रान्ड तथा उत्पादनको लागि मोडलिङ गरिन्।<ref>{{cite news|last=Gahlaut|first=Kanika|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/prakash-padukone-daughter-deepika-in-new-liril-soap-ad/1/196716.html|title=Making a splash|work=India Today|accessdate=3 August 2013|date=12 April 2004|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6JwBsSbRF|archivedate=27 September 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Deepika Padukone: Biography|url=http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/celebrity-profile/Deepika-Padukone.htm|publisher=[[Zee News]]|accessdate=7 August 2013}}</ref> सन् २००५ मा, उनले डिजाइनर [[सुनीत वर्मा]]को लागि पहिलो पटक [[लक्मे फेसन विक]]मा भाग लिइन् र [[किङफिसर (बियर)|किङफिसर]] फेसन अवार्डमा ''मोडल अफ द इअर''को अवार्ड जित्न सफल भइन्।<ref>{{cite web|last=Menon|first=Sita|url=http://www.rediff.com/getahead/2005/apr/21fwdeep.htm|title=Go white this summer|accessdate=3 August 2013|date=21 April 2005|publisher=Rediff.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Chowdhury|first=Smita R.|title=Glamour, glitz & grace|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1050405/asp/calcutta/story_4572605.asp|accessdate=3 August 2013|newspaper=[[The Telegraph (Calcutta)|The Telegraph]]|date=5 May 2005}}</ref> पादुकोणको प्रसिद्धिमा त्यस समय वृद्धि भयो जब उनलाई २००६ को [[किङफिसर पात्रो|किङफिसर क्यालेन्डर]]मा स्थान दिइयो ।<ref name="meet"/> क्यालेन्डरका डिजाइनरका रूपमा रहेका [[वेन्डेल रोड्रिक्स]]ले पादुकोणमाथि टिप्पणी गर्दै भनेका थिए "[[ऐश्वर्या राय बच्चन|ऐश्वर्या राय]]पछि हामीसँग यस्तो सुन्दर र ताजा महिला थिएन्।"<ref>{{cite news|url=http://m.indiatoday.in/story/young-achievers-deepika-padukone-ms-dhoni-to-rabbi-shergill/1/181846.html|title=Young achievers: Deepika Padukone to Aditya Mittal, MS Dhoni to Rabbi Shergill|work=India Today|accessdate=3 August 2013|date=20 February 2006|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6JwBwTlZD|archivedate=27 September 2013}}</ref> रोड्रिक्सले उनलाई गञ्जम ज्वेलरी कक्षामा हेरेका थिए र पछि उनले म्याट्रिक्स एजेन्सीका लागि पादुकोणलाई हस्ताक्षर गर्न भ्याए।<ref>{{cite book|last=Vasudev|first=Shefalee|title=Powder Room|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=DzdfsXQEtqoC&pg=PT61|publisher=Random House India|isbn=978-81-8400-297-3|page=61|year=2012}}</ref> २१ वर्षको उमेरमा पादुकोण [[मुम्बई]] बसाइँ सरिन् र आफ्नो काकीको घरमा बसिन्।<ref name="toi interview"/> त्यसै वर्ष, उनले [[हिमेश रेशमिया]]को म्युजिक भिडियो ''नाम है तेरा'' मा काम गर्ने अवसर पाइन् र त्यसमा गरेको अभिनयले व्यापक पहिचान प्राप्त गरिन्।<ref>{{cite news|last=Iyer|first=Meena|title=Deepika Padukone in awe of beauty pageant winners|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-11-17/news-interviews/30409840_1_beauty-pageant-beauty-contest-music-video|accessdate=3 August 2013|newspaper=The Times of India|date=17 November 2011}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928194304/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-11-17/news-interviews/30409840_1_beauty-pageant-beauty-contest-music-video |date=28 September 2013 }}</ref> पादुकोणले चाँडै चलचित्र भूमिकाको लागि प्रस्ताव प्राप्त गर्न सुरू गरिन्।<ref>{{cite web|title=The hottest heroine in Kannada cinema|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2006/aug/24sld1.htm|publisher=Rediff.com|date=24 August 2006|accessdate=6 August 2013}}</ref> आफ्नो अभिनयलाई अझ प्रभावकारी बनाउन पादुकोणले [[अनुपम खेर]]को चलचित्र संस्थानमा अभिनय कोर्समा भर्ना भइन्।<ref>{{cite news|title=On course: Deepika Padukone joins Anupam Kher's Film Academy|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/badminton-star-prakash-padukone-daughter-deepika-shifted-to-mumbai/1/193374.html|work=India Today|date=11 July 2005|accessdate=6 August 2013|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6JwC0HxiV|archivedate=27 September 2013}}</ref> रेशमियाको साङ्गीतिक भिडियोमा निर्देशक [[फराह खान]]ले पादुकोणको अभिनय हेरेकी थिइन् जसले गर्दा उनले पादुकोणलाई आफ्नो चलचित्र [[ह्याप्पी न्यू इअर (चलचित्र)|ह्याप्पी न्यू इअर]]मा अभिनेत्रीको रूपमा चयन गरिन्।<ref name="toi interview"/><ref name="meet"/> ==अभिनय करियर== ===चलचित्र सुरूवात र सफलता (२००६–०९)=== पादुकोणले सन् २००६ मा आफू [[इन्द्रजीत लङ्केश]]को निर्देशनमा [[कन्नड चलचित्र]] ''[[ऐश्वर्य (चलचित्र)|ऐश्वर्य]]''बाट अभिनय क्षेत्रमा प्रवेश गर्न लागेको बताएकी थिइन्। <ref name="meet">{{cite web|last=Vijayasarathy|first=R.G.|title=Meet Deepika Padukone|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2006/mar/14sd1.htm|publisher=Rediff.com|date=14 March 2006|accessdate=6 August 2013}}</ref> उक्त रोमान्टिक हाँस्य चलचित्र [[तेलगु चलचित्र|तेलुगु चलचित्र]] ''[[मनमधुदु]]''को रूपान्तरण रहेको थियो र पादुकोणलाई शीर्ष भूमिकामा अभिनेता [[उपेन्द्र (अभिनेता)|उपेन्द्र]]सँग तय गरिएको थियो । पादुकोण अभिनित कन्नड चलचित्रले उच्च व्यापारिक सफलता प्राप्त गरेको थियो।<ref>{{cite news|last=Kumar|first=S.S|title=Ramya in a rush|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/ramya-in-a-rush/article3230859.ece|accessdate=3 August 2013|newspaper=The Hindu|date=29 September 2006}}</ref> [[रिडिफ.कम]]का आरजी विजयसारथीले पादुकोणको भूमिकाको प्रशंसा गर्दै उनलाई ''आत्मीय दृश्यमा अझ बढी काम गर्नुपर्छ'' भनी थपेका थिए ।<ref>{{cite web|last=Vijayasarathy|first=R.G.|title=Deepika's Aishwarya is a must watch|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2006/sep/15aish.htm|publisher=Rediff.com|date=15 September 2006|accessdate=3 August 2013}}</ref> सन् २००६ को अन्तसम्ममा फराह खानको ''ह्याप्पी न्यू इअर'' को काम रोकियो र खानले [[पुनर्जन्म]]को कथामा आधारित नाटकीय चलचित्र ''[[ओम शान्ति ओम]]'' (२००७) को लागि पादुकोणलाई चलचित्रमा लिने निर्णय गरिन्। <ref>{{cite web|title='I was pulling SRK's hair out!'|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2007/dec/10fchat.htm|publisher=Rediff.com|date=10 December 2007|accessdate=6 August 2013}}</ref> [[बलिउड|हिन्दी चलचित्र उद्योग]]को पृष्ठभूमिमा तैयार पारिएको यस चलचित्रले सन् १९७० ताका सङ्घर्षरत् अभिनेताको कथा भन्दछ जो आफ्नो प्रेमिकाको हत्याको साक्षी भएर मर्छ र उसको प्रेमिकाको हत्याको बदला लिन पुनर्जन्म लिन्छ। यस चलचित्रको नायकको रूपमा [[साहरुख खान|शाहरूख खान]] एक समर्थकको भूमिकामा रहेका थिए भने पादुकोण दोहोरो भूमिकामा थिइन्।{{mdash}} पहिलो भूमिका शान्तिप्रिया, १९७० को शीर्ष अभिनेत्रीको रूपमा र पछि स्यान्डी, एक इच्छुक अभिनेत्रीको भूमिकामा रूपमा रहेकी थिइन्। उनले भनिन्, "म शाहरूखलाई चलचित्रमा हेरेर ठूली भएकी हुँ र वहाँको म सधैँ अनुशरण गर्थें। वहाँसँग काम गरेर&nbsp;... म ज्यादै खुसी महसुस गरिरहेकी छु। साथै फराहलाई पनि धन्यवाद दिन चाहन्छु जसले म माथि भरोसा गरेर वहाँसँग मलाई काम गर्ने मौका दिइन्।"<ref>{{cite news|last=Ray|first=Sarit|title=I'm a shy person: Deepika|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2007-11-02/news-interviews/27986233_1_dream-debut-modelling-deepika-padukone|accessdate=3 August 2013|newspaper=The Times of India|date=2 November 2007}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928194317/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2007-11-02/news-interviews/27986233_1_dream-debut-modelling-deepika-padukone |date=28 September 2013 }}</ref> आफ्नो भूमिकाको तयारीको लागि पादुकोणले विभिन्न अभिनेत्रीहरू [[हेलन (अभिनेत्री)|हेलन]] र [[हेमा मालिनी]]को शारीरिक हाउभाउ पढ्न चलचित्र हेरिन्। जुन आजभोलिको अभिनेत्रीभन्दा ''ज्यादै भिन्न'' र ''अधिक मनोरम'' भएको महसुस गरिन ।<ref>{{cite news|last=Thakur|first=Shweta|title=I saw Hema Malini films for '70s look: Deepika|date=17 November 2007|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/News-Feed/Entertainment/I-saw-Hema-Malini-films-for-70s-look-Deepika/Article1-258255.aspx|work=Hindustan Times|accessdate=10 August 2013}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131005230414/http://www.hindustantimes.com/News-Feed/Entertainment/I-saw-Hema-Malini-films-for-70s-look-Deepika/Article1-258255.aspx |date=5 October 2013 }}</ref> तर, उनको आवाज भने आवाज कलाकार [[मोना घोष शेट्टी]]द्वारा स्वराङ्कित थियो ।<ref name="mona dub">{{cite web|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2014-01-03/news-interviews/45834895_1_deepika-padukone-dramatic-prowess-and-zest-kochadaiiyaan|title=Why is Deepika's Hindi in Kochadaiiyaan dubbed?|work=The Times of India|date=2 January 2013|accessdate=3 January 2013}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140105062349/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2014-01-03/news-interviews/45834895_1_deepika-padukone-dramatic-prowess-and-zest-kochadaiiyaan |date=5 January 2014 }}</ref> चलचित्रमा रहेको एक गीत ''धुम ताना'' मा पादुकोण भारतीय शास्त्रीय नृत्यकर्ताको रूपमा आफुलाई ढालेर नृत्य गरिन्। वर्षको चर्चित गीतहरू मध्ये एक साबित भएपछि [[डोर्लिङ किन्डर्सले]]ले भने पादुकोणले दर्शकलाई आफ्नो ''हस्त मुद्रा'' नृत्यले मन्त्रमुग्ध पार्न सफल भइन्।<ref>{{cite book|title=The Book of Dance|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=EzKmKyugOjkC&pg=PA113|date=3 September 2012|publisher=Dorling Kindersley Limited|isbn=978-1-4093-2237-5|page=113}}</ref> ''ओम शान्ति ओम'' सन् २००७ को व्यावसायिक सफल चलचित्र बन्न सफल रहयो र चलचित्रले विश्व्यापी {{INRConvert|1.49|b}} कारोबार गरेको थियो ।<ref name="top">{{cite web|url=http://boxofficeindia.com/arounddetail.php?page=shownews&articleid=3997&nCat=|title=Top All Time Worldwide Grossers Updated|publisher=[[Box Office India]]|accessdate=13 October 2013|date=11 May 2012|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20131105215110/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/arounddetail.php?page=shownews&articleid=4409&nCat=|archivedate=26 January 2014}} {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.ph/20120708194233/http://boxofficeindia.com/arounddetail.php?page=shownews&articleid=3997&nCat= |date=8 July 2012 }}</ref> [[बलिउड हङ्गामा]]का [[तरण आदर्श]]ले चलचित्रको समिक्षा गर्दै ''दीपिकाको अभिनयमा एउटा उत्कृष्ट अभिनेत्रीसँग हुनुपर्ने सबै कला भएको भनि भनेका थिए'' ।<ref>{{cite web|last=Adarsh|first=Taran|title=Movie Review: Om Shanti Om|date=7 November 2007|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/criticreview/id/54373|publisher=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|accessdate=18 December 2007|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6JwBYXxYy|archivedate=27 September 2013}}</ref> [[फिल्मफेयर पुरस्कार]]को वार्षिकोत्सवमा पादुकोणलाई सन् २००८ मा [[सर्वश्रेष्ठ महिला पदार्पणको लागि फिल्मफेयर पुरस्कार|फिल्मफेयर उत्कृष्ट नयाँ महिला कलाकारको लागि पुरस्कार]] दिइएको थियो र [[सर्वश्रेष्ठ अभिनेत्रीको लागि फिल्मफेयर पुरस्कार|सर्वश्रेष्ठ अभिनेत्री]] श्रेणीको लागि नामाङ्कन गरिएको थियो।<ref name="heroine">{{cite news|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/gallery/top-actresses-of-bollywood-ever/9/7051.html#photo35|title=Top heroines of Bollywood|accessdate=19 July 2013|date=10 May 2013|work=India Today|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6JwC4LXB6|archivedate=27 September 2013}}</ref> [[File:Padukone in 2009.jpg|thumb|upright=0.9|alt=Deepika Padukone is smiling away from the camera|पादुकोण ''[[लभ आज कल]]'', २००९ को पहिलो दृश्य समारोहमा]] बलिउड हङ्गामाले ''ओम शान्ति ओम'' को सफलताले पादुकोणको अभिनय करियरमा आयाम थपेको एक रिपोर्टमा उल्लेख गरेको थियो।<ref>{{cite web|last=Tuteja|first=Joginder|title=Exploring the Box Office journey of Deepika Padukone&nbsp;– Part 1|date=2 August 2013|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/features/type/view/id/5321|publisher=Bollywood Hungama|accessdate=10 August 2013|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6JwBdY9Zu|archivedate=27 September 2013}}</ref> उनले यो सफलतालाई आफ्नो अर्को चलचित्रमा गायत्री (रणवीर कपुरको प्रेमिका)को भूमिकामा एक अस्ट्रेलियाली विद्यार्थी जो क्याब चालकको रूपमा [[यश राज फिल्म्स|यशराज फिल्म्स]]को हाँस्य रोमान्टिक चलचित्र ''[[बच्ना ए हसिनो]]'' (२००८) मा अभिनय गरिन्। यो चलचित्रले व्यावसायिक सफलता प्राप्त गरेको थियो।<ref>{{cite web|title=Bachna Ae Haseeno scores at box office|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2008/aug/18box.htm|publisher=Rediff.com|accessdate=20 April 2013}}</ref> तर ''[[आउटलुक (पत्रिका)|आउटलुक]]'' को नम्रता जोशीले पादुकोणको अभिनयलाई सन्तोषजनक नभएको बताएकी थिइन्।।<ref>{{cite news|last=Joshi|first=Namrata|url=http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?238292|title=Movie Review: Bachna Ae Haseeno|accessdate=19 July 2013|date=1 September 2008|work=[[Outlook (magazine)|Outlook]]|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6JwBjSin0|archivedate=27 September 2013}}</ref> सन् २००९ को पहिलो चलचित्रको रूपमा पादुकोण र [[अक्षय कुमार]]द्वारा [[निखिल आडवाणी]]को निर्देशनमा कुङ फु हाँस्य कथानक चलचित्र ''[[चाँदनी चौक टु चाइना]]'' रहेको थियो जसमा पादुकोणले भारतीय-चिनियाँ दिदी बहिनीको दोहोरो भूमिका निभाएकी थिइन्। [[वार्नर ब्रोज]]द्वारा निर्माण गरिएको यो चलचित्रले हिन्दी चलचित्रको इतिहासमा अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय बजारमा सबैभन्दा बढी सिनेमाघरमा प्रदर्शित गरिएको थियो ।<ref>{{cite news|last=Anderson|first=Jason|title=Chandni Chowk to China: Kung fusion hustle|url=http://www.thestar.com/entertainment/2009/01/16/chandni_chowk_to_china_kung_fusion_hustle.html|work=[[Toronto Star]]|date=16 January 2009|accessdate=6 August 2013}}</ref> पादुकोणले आफ्नो भूमिकको लागि जापानी मार्सल आर्ट्स [[जुजुत्सु]]बाट सिखेकी थिइन् र आफ्नो सबै आक्रमक दृश्य आफैंले गरेकी थिइन्।<ref>{{cite web|title=Deepika's unbelievable stunt!|url=http://specials.rediff.com/movies/2008/nov/26slid1-deepika-unbelievable-stunt.htm?zcc=rl|publisher=Rediff.com|date=26 November 2008|accessdate=3 September 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Lalwani|first=Vickeya|title=Yes, I'm dating Ranbir: Deepika|date=15 March 2008|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-03-15/news-interviews/27772143_1_action-film-deepika-ranbir-yash-raj|work=The Times of India|accessdate=3 September 2013}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131012195823/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-03-15/news-interviews/27772143_1_action-film-deepika-ranbir-yash-raj |date=12 October 2013 }}</ref> तर अपेक्षा गरिएको ठिक विपरित यस चलचित्रले विश्वव्यापी {{INRConvert|554.7|m}} कमाइ गर्न सक्यो जबकि यस चलचित्रको निर्माण लागत {{INRConvert|800|m}} थियो ।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=348&catName=TGlmZXRpbWUgV29ybGR3aWRlIEluIFVTICQ=|title=Top Lifetime Grossers Worldwide (US $)|publisher=Box Office India|accessdate=11 November 2010|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20130602093609/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=312&catName=TGlmZXRpbWU=|archivedate=26 January 2014}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130602093609/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=312&catName=TGlmZXRpbWU%3D |date=2 June 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Sharma|first1=Amit|last2=Verma Ambwani|first2=Meenakshi|title=Chandni Chowk to China crosses Rs 33 cr at local box office|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2009-01-20/news/27650181_1_domestic-box-office-bollywood-film-kinng|work=[[The Economic Times]]|date=20 January 2009|accessdate=6 August 2013}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305091941/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2009-01-20/news/27650181_1_domestic-box-office-bollywood-film-kinng |date=5 March 2016 }}</ref> चलचित्र विश्लेषकहरूले पादुकोणको अभिनयलाई सामान्यत मन पराएनन्।<ref>{{cite web|title=Chandni Chowk To China (2009)|url=http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/chandni_chowk_to_china/|publisher=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]|accessdate=7 October 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Strout|first=Justin|title=Ham Samurai|date=15 January 2009|url=http://www2.orlandoweekly.com/film/review.asp?rid=14086|work=[[Orlando Weekly]]|accessdate=29 April 2011}}</ref> त्यसै वर्ष पादुकोणले नाटकीय चलचित्र ''[[बिल्लु]]'' (''लभ मेरा हिट हिट'' नामक गीत) मा आयटम डान्स गरेकी थिइन्।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://entertainment.in.msn.com/gallery.aspx?cp-documentid=3034274&page=4|title=Item Number in 'Billoo Barber'|publisher=[[MSN]]|date=6 January 2009|accessdate=2 May 2011}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120314143005/http://entertainment.in.msn.com/gallery.aspx?cp-documentid=3034274&page=4 |date=14 March 2012 }}</ref> त्यस लगतै उनी [[सैफअली खान|सैफ अली खान]]सँग रोमान्टिक नाट्य चलचित्र '' [[लभ आज कल]]'' मा अभिनय गरिन् जसको कथाकार र निर्देशक [[इम्तियाज अली (निर्देशक)|इम्तियाज अली]] थिए। यस चलचित्रले युवाहरूको बदलिदो सम्बन्धलाई प्रस्तुत गरेको थियो। यस चलचित्रमा पादुकोणले एक सुदृढ सोच भएकी महिला मीरा पण्डेको भूमिका चरित्रार्थ गरेकी थिइन्। यस चलचित्रले विश्वव्यापी {{INRConvert|1.2|b}}को कारोबार गरेको थियो। ''लभ आज कल'' ले सन् २००९ को सबैभन्दा बढी पैसा कमाउने तेस्रो चलचित्रको रूपमा आफूलाई प्रमाणित गरेको थियो।<ref name="top"/> ''[[डेली न्यूज एन्ड एनालायसिस]]'' का अनिरूद्ध गुहाले पादुकोणको बारे उल्लेख गर्दै ''अहिलेसम्म अभिनय गरेका चार चलचित्रहरू मध्ये सबैभन्दा उत्कृष्ट प्रदर्शन '' गरेको भनी लेखेका थिए भने ''द टाइम्स अफ इन्डिया'' का बलिउड विशेशज्ञ [[निखत काजमी]]ले पादुकोणको अभिनयलाई ''उत्कृष्ट र दृढ'' भनी व्याख्या गरेका थिए।<ref>{{cite news|last=Guha|first=Aniruddha|title=Review: Love Aaj Kal is the perfect date movie|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/review-review-love-aaj-kal-is-the-perfect-date-movie-1278796|work=Daily News and Analysis|date=31 July 2009|accessdate=16 July 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Kazmi|first=Nikhat|title=Love Aaj Kal|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/hindi/Love-Aaj-Kal/movie-review/4838891.cms|work=The Times of India|date=30 July 2009|accessdate=16 July 2013}}</ref> यस चलचित्रको लागि पादुकोणले [[५५औँ फिल्मफेयर पुरस्कार]]मा उत्कृष्ट अभिनेत्रीको नामाङ्कन पाएकी थिइन्।<ref name="bollywoodhungama1">{{cite web|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/features/type/view/id/725/|title=Nominations for 55th Idea Filmfare Awards 2009|publisher=Bollywood Hungama|accessdate=27 April 2011}}</ref> ===करियर सङ्घर्ष (२०१०–११)=== सन् २०१० मा पादुकोणको पाँच चलचित्र प्रदर्शित भएको थियो। उनको पहिलो भूमिका विजय लालवाणीको [[मनोबैज्ञानिक रोमाञ्चकारी]] चलचित्र ''कार्तिक कलिङ कार्तिक'' थियो जसमा पादुकोणले एक हरेस खाइसकेको व्यक्ति ([[फरहान अख्तर]]द्वारा अभिनित) जो प्रत्येक विहान एक संदिग्ध फोन पाएर विभिन्न परिवर्तनबाट गुज्रिरहेको व्यक्तिको सहयोगी प्रेमिकाको भूमिका गरिन्। [[भराइटी (पत्रिका)|भराइटी]] पत्रिकाका डेरेक एलेले चलचित्रलाई समीक्षा गर्दै चलचित्रको कथाबस्तुले दर्शकमाझ छाप छोड्न नसकेको र पादुकोणको &nbsp;...निरीह भूमिकाले पनि चलचित्र सफल नभएको तर्क थपेका थिए ।<ref>{{cite news|last=Elley|first=Derek|title=Review: "Karthik Calling Karthik"|url=http://variety.com/2010/film/reviews/karthik-calling-karthik-1117942367/|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=8 March 2010|accessdate=16 July 2013}}</ref> व्यवसायिक रूपमा चलचित्र असफल भएको थियो।<ref name="bo2010">{{cite web|url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=318&catName=MjAxMA==|title=Box Office 2010|publisher=Box office India|accessdate=14 May 2012|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20131014062657/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=318&catName=MjAxMA==|archivedate=26 January 2014}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014062657/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=318&catName=MjAxMA%3D%3D |date=14 October 2013 }}</ref> सो वर्ष उनको सबैभन्दा व्यवसायिक सफल चलचित्र [[साजिद खान]]को हाँस्यप्रधान चलचित्र [[हाउसफुल (२०१० चलचित्र)|हाउसफुल]] थियो जसले {{INRConvert|1.15|b}}को कारोबार गर्न सफल भएको थियो। यस चलचित्रमा उनी [[अक्षय कुमार]], [[रितेश देशमुख]], [[लारा दत्ता]], [[अर्जुन रामपाल]], [[जिया खान]] र [[बोमन इरानी]]सँग चित्रित गरिएका थिए।<ref name="top"/> [[राजा सेन]]ले चलचित्रलाई "खराब अभिनयको चाड" र पादुकोणद्वारा कमजोर अभिनय भनी वर्णन गरेका थिए।<ref>{{cite web|last=Sen|first=Raja|title=Gags that'll make you gag|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/review/review-housefull-is-painful/20100430.htm|publisher=Rediff.com|date=30 April 2010|accessdate=14 September 2013}}</ref> [[File:Deepika Padukone at an event.jpg|thumb|left|upright|alt=Deepika Padukone is sitting on a chair and smiling at the camera|पादुकोण ''[[लफङ्गे परिन्दे]]'', २०१० को कार्यक्रममा]] {{-}} == प्रमुख चलचित्रहरू== {{main|दीपिका पादुकोण फिल्मोग्राफी}} * [[ऐश्वर्य (चलचित्र)|ऐश्वर्य]] (सन् २००६) * [[ओम शान्ति ओम]] (सन् २००७) * [[बच्ना ए हसिनो]] (सन् २००८) * [[लभ आज कल]] (सन् २००९) * [[लफङ्गे परिन्दे]] (सन् २०१०) * [[ककटेल (२०१२ चलचित्र)|ककटेल]] (सन् २०१२) * [[ये जवानी है दीवानी]] (सन् २०१३) * [[चेन्नई एक्सप्रेस]] (सन् २०१३) * [[गोलियों की रासलीला राम-लीला]] (सन् २०१३) * [[ह्याप्पी न्यू इअर (चलचित्र)|ह्याप्पी न्यू इअर]] (सन् २०१४) * [[पीकू]] (सन् २०१५) * [[बाजीराव मस्तानी]] == प्रसिद्धि == ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{reflist}} ==बाह्य कडीहरू== * {{Commonscat-inline|Deepika Padukone|दीपिका पादुकोण}} * {{IMDb name|id=2138653}} * {{Twitter|deepikapadukone|दीपिका पादुकोण}} ==यो पनि हेर्नुहोस्== {{सर्वश्रेष्ठ अभिनेत्रीको लागि फिल्मफेयर पुरस्कार}} {{फिल्मफेयर उत्कृष्ट नयाँ महिला कलाकारको लागि पुरस्कार}} {{उत्कृष्ट नयाँ महिला कलाकारको लागि आइफा अवार्ड}} {{उत्कृष्ट नयाँ महिला कलाकारको लागि स्क्रिन अवार्ड}} {{कमन्सश्रेणी|Deepika Padukone}} {{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see Wikipedia:Persondata. --> | NAME = Padukone, Deepika | ALTERNATIVE NAMES = | SHORT DESCRIPTION = Indian actor | DATE OF BIRTH = 5 January 1986 | PLACE OF BIRTH = [[Copenhagen]], Denmark | DATE OF DEATH = | PLACE OF DEATH = }} [[श्रेणी:हिन्दी चलचित्र अभिनेत्रीहरू]] [[श्रेणी:जीवित मानिसहरू]] [[श्रेणी:भारतीय महिला मोडलहरू]] [[श्रेणी:भारतीय चलचित्र अभिनेत्रीहरू]] [[श्रेणी:सन् १९८६ मा जन्म]] [[श्रेणी:भारतीय हिन्दुहरू]] [[श्रेणी:बेङ्गलोरका अभिनेत्रीहरू]] [[श्रेणी:मानसिक स्वास्थ्य कार्यकर्ताहरू]] [[श्रेणी:बेङ्गलोरका महिला मोडलहरू]] ifahjbbsxpt7p06exlkfda50dpnwilv 4 73095 1354862 1354753 2026-05-11T11:13:03Z Janak Bhatta 10885 टिप्पणी 1354862 wikitext text/x-wiki __NEWSECTIONLINK__ <noinclude>{{चौतारी शिर्षक}}</noinclude> {{-}} __TOC__ == प्रबन्धक अधिकार प्राप्ति र प्रबन्धक पदमुक्त बारेमा संयुक्त प्रस्ताव == कुनै पनि भाषा संस्करणको विकिपिडियामा प्रबन्धकहरूको निकैै महत्त्वपूर्ण योगदान रहेको हुन्छ। त्यस्तै गरि नेपाली भाषाको विकिपिडियामा पनि यसको महत्त्व अत्याधिक छ। नेपाली विकिपिडियामा विगतमा १०/१२ जना प्रबन्धक थिए तर क्रमशः समयको अन्तरमा निष्क्रिय हुँदै गएका कारण प्रबन्धकहरूलाई पदमुक्त गरियो। *हाल ४/५ जना भन्दा हुनुहुन्छ। [[विकिपिडिया:प्रबन्धक बन्न चाहिने न्यूनतम योग्यताहरू|प्रबन्धक बन्न चाहिने न्यूनतम योग्यताहरू]]मा हालसालै पारित [[विकिपिडिया:सामग्री अनुवादका सीमितताहरू|अप्रशोधित यान्त्रिक अनुवाद]]को कुरा थप गरिएको छैन, त्यसलाई थप गर्न चाहन्छु। अप्रशोधित यान्त्रिक अनुवादबाट प्रबन्ध उम्मेदवार टाढा रहनु पर्नेछ। प्रबन्धक बन्नु पूर्व प्रमुख लेख/समाचारमा विशेष योगदान (लेखन कार्य) दिएको हुनुपर्ने गरि प्रस्ताव पेश गरेको छु। <br> * '''कुनै पनि प्रबन्धकले तल उल्लेखित समयावधिमा २०० भन्दा कम सम्पादन या प्रबन्धकीय कार्य/लगहरू (मेटाएको लग, निषेध सूची, आयात सूची, सुरक्षण लग र प्रयोगकर्ता अधिकार लग) गरेमा सो प्रबन्धकलाई निस्क्रिय मानिनेछ। यो सङ्ख्या सम्पादन र प्रबन्धकीय कार्य/लगहरू जोडेर निकालिनेछ।''' हाल प्रबन्ध मुक्त गर्न सकिने आधारहरूमा अति न्युनतम् मापदण्ड रहेको पाएँ। यदी कोही प्रबन्धकले स्वचालित सम्पादन मार्फत क्याटलट मार्फत श्रेणी थप्ने/हटाउने, यन्त्रद्वारा सम्पादन गर्ने गर्छन् भने १०० वटा जति लेखमा क्याटलट गरेर न्युनतम २०० पुर्‍याउन सकिन्छ, किनभने उक्त कार्यले सम्पादन र प्रबन्धकीय कार्य दुइवटैलाई बढाउँछ र (जम्मा: सम्पादन १००, प्रबन्धकीय कार्य १०० गरि २००) १ मिनेट भित्र पुग्ने रहेछ। यसो गरियो भने उक्त अधिकार जोगिरहन्छ। यसलाई वृद्धि गराउन पर्ने भएको देखिन्छ। प्रबन्धकीय कार्य बाहेक उल्लेखित समयसीमा कम्तीमा ३०० लेखन सम्पादन र १०० प्रबन्धकीय कार्य गरि (४००) यसलाई वृद्धि गर्ने प्रस्ताव पेश गरेको छु। [[प्रयोगकर्ता:पर्वत सुबेदी|'''<font color="#FF7F00"><b>पर्वत सुबेदी</b></font>''']] [[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:पर्वत सुबेदी|(<small>'''कुरा गर्ने'''</small>)]] ०९:०७, २ जनवरी २०२२ (नेपाली समय) === समर्थन === {{समर्थन}} - अति आवश्यक प्रस्ताव। [[प्रयोगकर्ता:हिमाल सुबेदी|हिमाल सुबेदी]] [[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:हिमाल सुबेदी|कुरा गर्ने]] ०९:१७, २७ अक्टोबर २०२२ (नेपाली समय) === विरोध === * {{विरोध}}, वृद्धि गर्नुपर्ने कुनैपनि ठोस कारण देख्दिन। हामीले अन्य विभिन्न प्रोजेक्टहरूमा पनि कार्य गर्नुपर्ने हुन्छ। वृद्धि हुदैमा प्रबन्धक घट्दै गइरहेको छ र प्रबन्धक नै रहेन भने विकिपिडिया, सामग्रीहरू तथा प्रयोगकर्ताहरू बन्चित हुन् जान्छ। — [[User:Tulsi Bhagat|<span style="color:black">'''तुलसी भगत'''</span>]] ^{[&nbsp;[[Special:Contribs/Tulsi Bhagat|<span style="color:black">योगदान</span>]] &#124; [[User talk:Tulsi Bhagat|<span style="color:black">वार्ता</span>]]&nbsp;]} २०:०८, २ जनवरी २०२२ (नेपाली समय) === छलफल === * {{Neutral}} - वर्तमान समयमा नेपाली विकिपिडियामा रहेको प्रबन्धक मुक्त गर्न सकिने आधारहरू नीति बमोजिम नै विभिन्न समयमा निस्क्रिय प्रबन्धकहरू पदमुक्त गरिएको सबैमा जानकारी नै छ। स्थानीय विकिपिडियाले सामुदायिक सहमतिको आधारमा यस्ता नीति बनाउन सकिने भएता पनि वर्तमान समयमा नेपाली विकिपिडियालाई प्रबन्धकीय कार्यहरू गर्नको लागि थप प्रबन्धकहरूको खाँचो रहेको छ तसर्थ हाललाई वर्तमान नीतिमा सुधार गर्नुभन्दा पहिले प्रबन्धक व्यवस्थापन गर्नु उपयुक्त देख्छु। यस विषयमा समुदायको सक्रिय योगदानकर्ताहरूको सल्लाह सुझाव तथा मतको आधारमा यो प्रस्तावलाई निर्णय गर्न अनुरोध--[[User:Biplab Anand|'''<font color="#008000"><b>बिप्लब आनन्द</b></font>''']] [[User_talk:Biplab Anand|(<small>'''म सँग कुरा गर्नुहोस'''</small>)]] ०८:२२, १ फेब्रुअरी २०२२ (नेपाली समय) == बार्नस्टारको नयाँ नाम == सन् २००२ मा नेपाली विकिपिडियाको स्थापनादेखि नै हामीले "[[:en:Barnstar|बार्नस्टार]]" नाम प्रयोग गर्दै आएका छौं। मलाई लाग्दैन कुनै नेपाली भाषा बोल्ने व्यक्तिले "बार्नस्टार" भनेको के हो बुझेको छैन। अंग्रेजी विकिपिडियाका अनुसार, यो अमेरिकी किसानहरूले प्रयोग गर्ने एक प्रतीक हो। मलाई लाग्छ कि हामीले यसको नाम परिवर्तन गर्नुपर्छ ताकि सामान्य नेपाली भाषी व्यक्तिले यसको उद्देश्य बुझ्न सकून्। मेरो सुझाव "तक्मा" हो किनभने यो सामान्यतया प्रयोग गरिन्छ र नेपालको सैन्य इतिहासलाई विचार गर्दा यो सबैभन्दा उपयुक्त हुनेछ। यदि तपाईंसँग अरू कुनै नामहरू छन् भने कृपया तल लेख्नुहोस्। धन्यवाद--[[प्रयोगकर्ता:बडा काजी|<span style="color:#008080">'''बडा काजी'''</span>]] ^{([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:बडा काजी|'''कुरा गर्नुहोस्''']])} १७:४२, १५ अक्टोबर २०२२ (नेपाली समय) * मेरो विचारमा पनि तक्मा शब्द ठिक हुन्छ। [[प्रयोगकर्ता:पर्वत सुबेदी|'''<font color="#FF7F00"><b>पर्वत सुबेदी</b></font>''']] [[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:पर्वत सुबेदी|(<small>'''कुरा गर्ने'''</small>)]] ०८:३५, २६ अक्टोबर २०२२ (नेपाली समय) *{{समर्थन}} [[प्रयोगकर्ता:हिमाल सुबेदी|हिमाल सुबेदी]] [[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:हिमाल सुबेदी|कुरा गर्ने]] ०९:१७, २७ अक्टोबर २०२२ (नेपाली समय) == मुख्य प्रतिमाहरू == यी प्रतिमाहरू १६ वर्ष पहिले जारी गरिएको थियो र तिनीहरू अझ पुरानो हुँदै गइरहेका छन्। विकिमिडिया फाउन्डेसनद्वारा जारी गरिएको नयाँ रुपको ([[:mw:Skin:Vector/2022|भेक्टर २०२२]]) साथ हामीले तिनीहरूलाई नयाँ रूपले प्रतिस्थापन गर्नुपर्छ। अन्य विकिपीडियाहरूले पहिले देखि नै यी प्रतिमाहरू परिवर्तन गरिसकेका छन् (उदाहरण को लागी: जर्मन विकिपीडिया, रूसी विकिपीडिया र फ्रान्सेली विकिपीडिया)। यी तल सूचीबद्ध मेरा प्रस्तावहरू हुन्। {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" |+ |- ! प्रयोग ! वर्तमान ! नयाँ |- !scope="row" |'''[[विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख लेख|प्रमुख लेख]]''' | [[File:Cscr-featured.svg|100px]] | [[File:Symbol star 660080.svg|100px]] |- !scope="row" |'''[[विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख चित्र|प्रमुख चित्र]]''' | [[File:Cscr-featured.svg|100px]] | [[File:Symbol star 660080.svg|100px]] |- !scope="row"| '''[[विकिपिडिया:उत्कृष्ट लेखहरू|उत्कृष्ट लेख]]''' | [[File:symbol support vote.svg|100px]] | [[File:Symbol star2.svg|100px]] |- !scope="row" |'''[[विकिपिडिया:के तपाईलाई थाहा छ?|के तपाईलाई थाहा छ?]]''' | [[File:Cscr-featured.svg|100px]] | [[File:Symbol question.svg|100px]] |} यदि तपाइँसँग कुनै अन्य सुझाव छ भने कृपया तल लेख्नुहोला। धन्यवाद। --[[प्रयोगकर्ता:बडा काजी|<span style="color:#008080">'''बडा काजी'''</span>]] ^{([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:बडा काजी|'''कुरा गर्नुहोस्''']])} ०२:३८, ७ नोभेम्बर २०२२ (नेपाली समय) * [https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF&direction=next&oldid=1097627 पहिले] [[File:Cscr-featured.svg|20px]] * [https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF&direction=prev&oldid=1097628 नयाँ] [[File:Symbol star 660080.svg|20px]] : सूचित गर्दै: {{u|Biplab Anand}}, {{u|Saroj Uprety}}, {{u|पर्वत सुबेदी}}, {{u|Nirjal stha}}, {{u|BRPever}}, {{u|सरोज कुमार ढकाल}}, {{u|Pitambar Bhattarai}}, {{u|हिमाल सुबेदी}}--[[प्रयोगकर्ता:बडा काजी|<span style="color:#008080">'''बडा काजी'''</span>]] ^{([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:बडा काजी|'''कुरा गर्नुहोस्''']])} ०२:४३, ७ नोभेम्बर २०२२ (नेपाली समय) ===समर्थन=== * ===विरोध=== * ===छलफल=== * नयाँ प्रतिमाहरू सरल भएपनी पुरानोले जस्तो भाव बोकेका छैनन्। मेरो विचारमा यो परिवर्तन अनावश्यक छ, तर भविस्यमा यदि अझ राम्रा तस्वीरहरूको विकल्प मिल्यो भने छलफल गरेर परिवर्तन गर्न सकिन्छ। हाललाई परिवर्तन गर्नु उचित् नहोला।--[[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''^{<small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small>}''' ०४:१७, ७ नोभेम्बर २०२२ (नेपाली समय) == एक वाक्यका लेखहरू सम्बन्धमा == {{Moved discussion from|श्रेणी वार्ता:तमिलनाडुका जिल्लाहरू}} प्रयोगकर्ता तथा पूर्व प्रबन्धक [[प्रयोगकर्ता:Bhawani Gautam|भवानी गौतम]]द्वारा करिब १० वर्ष भन्दा अगाडि मिति (सन् र ई.पू गरि) ('''हाल सबै पृष्ठ मेटिसकेको''') भारतका जिल्ला तथा ठाउँ (सहर), उच्च विद्यालय तथा विश्वविद्यालयका करिब २०००+ लेखहरू बिना कुनै स्रोत राखेर कपीपेस्ट गरि एक वाक्यको बनाउनु भएको थियो जुन एकदमै विवादास्पद रह्यो भने यसले विकिपिडियाको गुणस्तरमा निकै असर पनि गरेको देखियो। यहाँ यस्ता स्रोत बिहिन (उदाहरणका लागि) [[अ क्लोन|एक वाक्यका लेखहरू]] अनगिन्ती छन्। तर उहाँद्वारा बनाइएका प्रमुख हुन्। यि पृष्ठहरू मध्ये धेरै फेरि उल्लेखनीय नै हुन् तर उल्लेखनीय भनेर अब चुप लागेर बस्नु पनि भएन। सम्बन्धित जोडिएको पृष्ठमा ५+ लेखहरूसँग जोडिएको छ भने तिनिहरूलाई १ महिनाको सुधार अवधि दिने र सुधार समयसीमा नाघेपछि त्यस्ता लेखहरू मेटाउने गरि यस प्रस्ताव पेश गरेको छु। [[प्रयोगकर्ता:पर्वत सुबेदी|'''<font color="#FF7F00"><b>पर्वत सुबेदी</b></font>''']] [[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:पर्वत सुबेदी|(<small>'''कुरा गर्ने'''</small>)]] २०:०६, १३ नोभेम्बर २०२२ (नेपाली समय) === छलफल === * {{समर्थन}} यी लेखहरूले पाठकलाई कुनै मूल्य प्रदान गर्दैन --[[प्रयोगकर्ता:बडा काजी|<span style="color:#008080">'''बडा काजी'''</span>]] ^{([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:बडा काजी|'''कुरा गर्नुहोस्''']])} २१:१०, १५ नोभेम्बर २०२२ (नेपाली समय) * {{समर्थन}}-[[प्रयोगकर्ता:हिमाल सुबेदी|हिमाल सुबेदी]] [[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:हिमाल सुबेदी|कुरा गर्ने]] २२:१०, १९ नोभेम्बर २०२२ (नेपाली समय) * {{असमर्थन}} ठाउँ/स्थानसँग सम्बन्धित लेखहरू उल्लेखनीय रहेको हुनाले मेट्ने कुनै कारण देख्दिन। त्यी लेखहरूलाई [[विकिपिडिया:अपुरो|अपुरो]] ([[:en:WP:STUB]])को रुपमा राख्न सकिन्छ। विद्यालयहरूका लेखलाई सन्दर्भ जोड्न सके राम्रो अथवा अरू सम्बन्धित उल्लेखनीय पृष्ठमा पुन: निर्देशित गर्ने मेरो सुझाव रहेको छ। धन्यवाद! &mdash;&nbsp;[[User:Tulsi|<span style="color:#000000; font-weight:bold;">तुलसी</span>]]&nbsp;[[User talk:Tulsi|<span style="color:#FF0000; font-weight:bold;">२४*७</span>]] १०:४१, २० नोभेम्बर २०२२ (नेपाली समय) * {{असमर्थन}} कुनै पनि देश/जिल्लाको बारेमा लेखिएको लेखमा सामग्रीको कमी भएको अवस्थामा पनि उल्लेनीयताको नीति पूरा गर्ने हुँदा यस्ता लेखलाई मेटाउने लेखको रूपमा वर्गिकरण गर्नुको सट्टा लेखको विस्तारको लागि ठूटो चिन्ह लगाएर लेख विस्तार गर्नु उचित हुन्छ। विकिपिडियाको नीति अनुसार उल्लेखनीयता अस्थाई नहुने भएकोले यस्ता लेखहरूलाई विस्तार गर्नु उचित हुने भनाई राख्दछु।[[User:Nirjal stha|nShrestha]] ([[User talk:Nirjal stha|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) २०:५६, २४ जनवरी २०२६ (नेपाली समय) [[श्रेणी:विकिपिडिया चौतारी]] == विकि लभ्स फिल्म अभियान आयोजना गर्ने सम्बन्धमा == सबैलाई नमस्ते, नेपाली विकिपिडियामा विभिन्न समयमा सम्पादन अभियान र लेख प्रतियोगिताहरू आयोजना हुँदै आएको सबैलाई थाहा नै छ। [[Meta:Wiki Loves Film|Wiki Loves Film]] मध्य युरोपमा सुरु भएको एक अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय अभियान हो, जसबाट प्रेरित भई नेपालमा पनि यो अभियान सञ्चालन गर्न लागेको समुदायलाई जानकारी गराउन चाहन्छु। यस अभियानको मुख्य उद्देश्य नेपालमा बोलिने विभिन्न भाषाका विकिपिडियाहरूमा चलचित्र सम्बन्धी लेखहरू सिर्जना र सुधार गर्नु हो। साथै, विकिमिडिया कमन्समा स्वतन्त्र मिडिया फाइलहरू अपलोड गर्ने र विकिडेटामा संरचित डेटा थप्ने काम पनि गरिनेछ। यो अभियान जुलाई–अगस्ट २०२६ मा सञ्चालन हुने योजना छ। कृपया आफ्नो विचार र सुझाव तल राख्नुहोस्। [[User:Saroj|Saroj]] ([[User talk:Saroj|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १४:३६, ९ मे २०२६ (नेपाली समय) === टिप्पणी === * यो राम्रो र आवश्यक अभियान हो। नेपालका विभिन्न भाषाका विकिपिडियाहरूमा चलचित्रसम्बन्धी सामग्री अझै पनि सीमित रहेको अवस्थामा यस्तो अभियानले नयाँ लेख सिर्जना गर्न र पुराना लेखहरू सुधार गर्न ठूलो सहयोग पुर्‍याउनेछ। साथै विकिमिडिया कमन्स र विकिडेटामा पनि योगदान देखिन्छ। यस अभियानमा नेपालीसँगै अन्य भाषाहरुका समुदायलाई पनि सक्रिय रूपमा सहभागी गराउन सके अझ प्रभावकारी हुनेछ। अभियान सफलताको शुभकामना। -- [[User:Janak Bhatta|Janak Bhatta]] ([[User talk:Janak Bhatta|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १६:५७, ११ मे २०२६ (नेपाली समय) rhglyjzzln0ryiaa7q9l6wne60c63my 1354863 1354862 2026-05-11T11:14:07Z Janak Bhatta 10885 1354863 wikitext text/x-wiki __NEWSECTIONLINK__ <noinclude>{{चौतारी शिर्षक}}</noinclude> {{-}} __TOC__ == प्रबन्धक अधिकार प्राप्ति र प्रबन्धक पदमुक्त बारेमा संयुक्त प्रस्ताव == कुनै पनि भाषा संस्करणको विकिपिडियामा प्रबन्धकहरूको निकैै महत्त्वपूर्ण योगदान रहेको हुन्छ। त्यस्तै गरि नेपाली भाषाको विकिपिडियामा पनि यसको महत्त्व अत्याधिक छ। नेपाली विकिपिडियामा विगतमा १०/१२ जना प्रबन्धक थिए तर क्रमशः समयको अन्तरमा निष्क्रिय हुँदै गएका कारण प्रबन्धकहरूलाई पदमुक्त गरियो। *हाल ४/५ जना भन्दा हुनुहुन्छ। [[विकिपिडिया:प्रबन्धक बन्न चाहिने न्यूनतम योग्यताहरू|प्रबन्धक बन्न चाहिने न्यूनतम योग्यताहरू]]मा हालसालै पारित [[विकिपिडिया:सामग्री अनुवादका सीमितताहरू|अप्रशोधित यान्त्रिक अनुवाद]]को कुरा थप गरिएको छैन, त्यसलाई थप गर्न चाहन्छु। अप्रशोधित यान्त्रिक अनुवादबाट प्रबन्ध उम्मेदवार टाढा रहनु पर्नेछ। प्रबन्धक बन्नु पूर्व प्रमुख लेख/समाचारमा विशेष योगदान (लेखन कार्य) दिएको हुनुपर्ने गरि प्रस्ताव पेश गरेको छु। <br> * '''कुनै पनि प्रबन्धकले तल उल्लेखित समयावधिमा २०० भन्दा कम सम्पादन या प्रबन्धकीय कार्य/लगहरू (मेटाएको लग, निषेध सूची, आयात सूची, सुरक्षण लग र प्रयोगकर्ता अधिकार लग) गरेमा सो प्रबन्धकलाई निस्क्रिय मानिनेछ। यो सङ्ख्या सम्पादन र प्रबन्धकीय कार्य/लगहरू जोडेर निकालिनेछ।''' हाल प्रबन्ध मुक्त गर्न सकिने आधारहरूमा अति न्युनतम् मापदण्ड रहेको पाएँ। यदी कोही प्रबन्धकले स्वचालित सम्पादन मार्फत क्याटलट मार्फत श्रेणी थप्ने/हटाउने, यन्त्रद्वारा सम्पादन गर्ने गर्छन् भने १०० वटा जति लेखमा क्याटलट गरेर न्युनतम २०० पुर्‍याउन सकिन्छ, किनभने उक्त कार्यले सम्पादन र प्रबन्धकीय कार्य दुइवटैलाई बढाउँछ र (जम्मा: सम्पादन १००, प्रबन्धकीय कार्य १०० गरि २००) १ मिनेट भित्र पुग्ने रहेछ। यसो गरियो भने उक्त अधिकार जोगिरहन्छ। यसलाई वृद्धि गराउन पर्ने भएको देखिन्छ। प्रबन्धकीय कार्य बाहेक उल्लेखित समयसीमा कम्तीमा ३०० लेखन सम्पादन र १०० प्रबन्धकीय कार्य गरि (४००) यसलाई वृद्धि गर्ने प्रस्ताव पेश गरेको छु। [[प्रयोगकर्ता:पर्वत सुबेदी|'''<font color="#FF7F00"><b>पर्वत सुबेदी</b></font>''']] [[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:पर्वत सुबेदी|(<small>'''कुरा गर्ने'''</small>)]] ०९:०७, २ जनवरी २०२२ (नेपाली समय) === समर्थन === {{समर्थन}} - अति आवश्यक प्रस्ताव। [[प्रयोगकर्ता:हिमाल सुबेदी|हिमाल सुबेदी]] [[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:हिमाल सुबेदी|कुरा गर्ने]] ०९:१७, २७ अक्टोबर २०२२ (नेपाली समय) === विरोध === * {{विरोध}}, वृद्धि गर्नुपर्ने कुनैपनि ठोस कारण देख्दिन। हामीले अन्य विभिन्न प्रोजेक्टहरूमा पनि कार्य गर्नुपर्ने हुन्छ। वृद्धि हुदैमा प्रबन्धक घट्दै गइरहेको छ र प्रबन्धक नै रहेन भने विकिपिडिया, सामग्रीहरू तथा प्रयोगकर्ताहरू बन्चित हुन् जान्छ। — [[User:Tulsi Bhagat|<span style="color:black">'''तुलसी भगत'''</span>]] ^{[&nbsp;[[Special:Contribs/Tulsi Bhagat|<span style="color:black">योगदान</span>]] &#124; [[User talk:Tulsi Bhagat|<span style="color:black">वार्ता</span>]]&nbsp;]} २०:०८, २ जनवरी २०२२ (नेपाली समय) === छलफल === * {{Neutral}} - वर्तमान समयमा नेपाली विकिपिडियामा रहेको प्रबन्धक मुक्त गर्न सकिने आधारहरू नीति बमोजिम नै विभिन्न समयमा निस्क्रिय प्रबन्धकहरू पदमुक्त गरिएको सबैमा जानकारी नै छ। स्थानीय विकिपिडियाले सामुदायिक सहमतिको आधारमा यस्ता नीति बनाउन सकिने भएता पनि वर्तमान समयमा नेपाली विकिपिडियालाई प्रबन्धकीय कार्यहरू गर्नको लागि थप प्रबन्धकहरूको खाँचो रहेको छ तसर्थ हाललाई वर्तमान नीतिमा सुधार गर्नुभन्दा पहिले प्रबन्धक व्यवस्थापन गर्नु उपयुक्त देख्छु। यस विषयमा समुदायको सक्रिय योगदानकर्ताहरूको सल्लाह सुझाव तथा मतको आधारमा यो प्रस्तावलाई निर्णय गर्न अनुरोध--[[User:Biplab Anand|'''<font color="#008000"><b>बिप्लब आनन्द</b></font>''']] [[User_talk:Biplab Anand|(<small>'''म सँग कुरा गर्नुहोस'''</small>)]] ०८:२२, १ फेब्रुअरी २०२२ (नेपाली समय) == बार्नस्टारको नयाँ नाम == सन् २००२ मा नेपाली विकिपिडियाको स्थापनादेखि नै हामीले "[[:en:Barnstar|बार्नस्टार]]" नाम प्रयोग गर्दै आएका छौं। मलाई लाग्दैन कुनै नेपाली भाषा बोल्ने व्यक्तिले "बार्नस्टार" भनेको के हो बुझेको छैन। अंग्रेजी विकिपिडियाका अनुसार, यो अमेरिकी किसानहरूले प्रयोग गर्ने एक प्रतीक हो। मलाई लाग्छ कि हामीले यसको नाम परिवर्तन गर्नुपर्छ ताकि सामान्य नेपाली भाषी व्यक्तिले यसको उद्देश्य बुझ्न सकून्। मेरो सुझाव "तक्मा" हो किनभने यो सामान्यतया प्रयोग गरिन्छ र नेपालको सैन्य इतिहासलाई विचार गर्दा यो सबैभन्दा उपयुक्त हुनेछ। यदि तपाईंसँग अरू कुनै नामहरू छन् भने कृपया तल लेख्नुहोस्। धन्यवाद--[[प्रयोगकर्ता:बडा काजी|<span style="color:#008080">'''बडा काजी'''</span>]] ^{([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:बडा काजी|'''कुरा गर्नुहोस्''']])} १७:४२, १५ अक्टोबर २०२२ (नेपाली समय) * मेरो विचारमा पनि तक्मा शब्द ठिक हुन्छ। [[प्रयोगकर्ता:पर्वत सुबेदी|'''<font color="#FF7F00"><b>पर्वत सुबेदी</b></font>''']] [[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:पर्वत सुबेदी|(<small>'''कुरा गर्ने'''</small>)]] ०८:३५, २६ अक्टोबर २०२२ (नेपाली समय) *{{समर्थन}} [[प्रयोगकर्ता:हिमाल सुबेदी|हिमाल सुबेदी]] [[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:हिमाल सुबेदी|कुरा गर्ने]] ०९:१७, २७ अक्टोबर २०२२ (नेपाली समय) == मुख्य प्रतिमाहरू == यी प्रतिमाहरू १६ वर्ष पहिले जारी गरिएको थियो र तिनीहरू अझ पुरानो हुँदै गइरहेका छन्। विकिमिडिया फाउन्डेसनद्वारा जारी गरिएको नयाँ रुपको ([[:mw:Skin:Vector/2022|भेक्टर २०२२]]) साथ हामीले तिनीहरूलाई नयाँ रूपले प्रतिस्थापन गर्नुपर्छ। अन्य विकिपीडियाहरूले पहिले देखि नै यी प्रतिमाहरू परिवर्तन गरिसकेका छन् (उदाहरण को लागी: जर्मन विकिपीडिया, रूसी विकिपीडिया र फ्रान्सेली विकिपीडिया)। यी तल सूचीबद्ध मेरा प्रस्तावहरू हुन्। {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" |+ |- ! प्रयोग ! वर्तमान ! नयाँ |- !scope="row" |'''[[विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख लेख|प्रमुख लेख]]''' | [[File:Cscr-featured.svg|100px]] | [[File:Symbol star 660080.svg|100px]] |- !scope="row" |'''[[विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख चित्र|प्रमुख चित्र]]''' | [[File:Cscr-featured.svg|100px]] | [[File:Symbol star 660080.svg|100px]] |- !scope="row"| '''[[विकिपिडिया:उत्कृष्ट लेखहरू|उत्कृष्ट लेख]]''' | [[File:symbol support vote.svg|100px]] | [[File:Symbol star2.svg|100px]] |- !scope="row" |'''[[विकिपिडिया:के तपाईलाई थाहा छ?|के तपाईलाई थाहा छ?]]''' | [[File:Cscr-featured.svg|100px]] | [[File:Symbol question.svg|100px]] |} यदि तपाइँसँग कुनै अन्य सुझाव छ भने कृपया तल लेख्नुहोला। धन्यवाद। --[[प्रयोगकर्ता:बडा काजी|<span style="color:#008080">'''बडा काजी'''</span>]] ^{([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:बडा काजी|'''कुरा गर्नुहोस्''']])} ०२:३८, ७ नोभेम्बर २०२२ (नेपाली समय) * [https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF&direction=next&oldid=1097627 पहिले] [[File:Cscr-featured.svg|20px]] * [https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF&direction=prev&oldid=1097628 नयाँ] [[File:Symbol star 660080.svg|20px]] : सूचित गर्दै: {{u|Biplab Anand}}, {{u|Saroj Uprety}}, {{u|पर्वत सुबेदी}}, {{u|Nirjal stha}}, {{u|BRPever}}, {{u|सरोज कुमार ढकाल}}, {{u|Pitambar Bhattarai}}, {{u|हिमाल सुबेदी}}--[[प्रयोगकर्ता:बडा काजी|<span style="color:#008080">'''बडा काजी'''</span>]] ^{([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:बडा काजी|'''कुरा गर्नुहोस्''']])} ०२:४३, ७ नोभेम्बर २०२२ (नेपाली समय) ===समर्थन=== * ===विरोध=== * ===छलफल=== * नयाँ प्रतिमाहरू सरल भएपनी पुरानोले जस्तो भाव बोकेका छैनन्। मेरो विचारमा यो परिवर्तन अनावश्यक छ, तर भविस्यमा यदि अझ राम्रा तस्वीरहरूको विकल्प मिल्यो भने छलफल गरेर परिवर्तन गर्न सकिन्छ। हाललाई परिवर्तन गर्नु उचित् नहोला।--[[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''^{<small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small>}''' ०४:१७, ७ नोभेम्बर २०२२ (नेपाली समय) == एक वाक्यका लेखहरू सम्बन्धमा == {{Moved discussion from|श्रेणी वार्ता:तमिलनाडुका जिल्लाहरू}} प्रयोगकर्ता तथा पूर्व प्रबन्धक [[प्रयोगकर्ता:Bhawani Gautam|भवानी गौतम]]द्वारा करिब १० वर्ष भन्दा अगाडि मिति (सन् र ई.पू गरि) ('''हाल सबै पृष्ठ मेटिसकेको''') भारतका जिल्ला तथा ठाउँ (सहर), उच्च विद्यालय तथा विश्वविद्यालयका करिब २०००+ लेखहरू बिना कुनै स्रोत राखेर कपीपेस्ट गरि एक वाक्यको बनाउनु भएको थियो जुन एकदमै विवादास्पद रह्यो भने यसले विकिपिडियाको गुणस्तरमा निकै असर पनि गरेको देखियो। यहाँ यस्ता स्रोत बिहिन (उदाहरणका लागि) [[अ क्लोन|एक वाक्यका लेखहरू]] अनगिन्ती छन्। तर उहाँद्वारा बनाइएका प्रमुख हुन्। यि पृष्ठहरू मध्ये धेरै फेरि उल्लेखनीय नै हुन् तर उल्लेखनीय भनेर अब चुप लागेर बस्नु पनि भएन। सम्बन्धित जोडिएको पृष्ठमा ५+ लेखहरूसँग जोडिएको छ भने तिनिहरूलाई १ महिनाको सुधार अवधि दिने र सुधार समयसीमा नाघेपछि त्यस्ता लेखहरू मेटाउने गरि यस प्रस्ताव पेश गरेको छु। [[प्रयोगकर्ता:पर्वत सुबेदी|'''<font color="#FF7F00"><b>पर्वत सुबेदी</b></font>''']] [[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:पर्वत सुबेदी|(<small>'''कुरा गर्ने'''</small>)]] २०:०६, १३ नोभेम्बर २०२२ (नेपाली समय) === छलफल === * {{समर्थन}} यी लेखहरूले पाठकलाई कुनै मूल्य प्रदान गर्दैन --[[प्रयोगकर्ता:बडा काजी|<span style="color:#008080">'''बडा काजी'''</span>]] ^{([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:बडा काजी|'''कुरा गर्नुहोस्''']])} २१:१०, १५ नोभेम्बर २०२२ (नेपाली समय) * {{समर्थन}}-[[प्रयोगकर्ता:हिमाल सुबेदी|हिमाल सुबेदी]] [[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:हिमाल सुबेदी|कुरा गर्ने]] २२:१०, १९ नोभेम्बर २०२२ (नेपाली समय) * {{असमर्थन}} ठाउँ/स्थानसँग सम्बन्धित लेखहरू उल्लेखनीय रहेको हुनाले मेट्ने कुनै कारण देख्दिन। त्यी लेखहरूलाई [[विकिपिडिया:अपुरो|अपुरो]] ([[:en:WP:STUB]])को रुपमा राख्न सकिन्छ। विद्यालयहरूका लेखलाई सन्दर्भ जोड्न सके राम्रो अथवा अरू सम्बन्धित उल्लेखनीय पृष्ठमा पुन: निर्देशित गर्ने मेरो सुझाव रहेको छ। धन्यवाद! &mdash;&nbsp;[[User:Tulsi|<span style="color:#000000; font-weight:bold;">तुलसी</span>]]&nbsp;[[User talk:Tulsi|<span style="color:#FF0000; font-weight:bold;">२४*७</span>]] १०:४१, २० नोभेम्बर २०२२ (नेपाली समय) * {{असमर्थन}} कुनै पनि देश/जिल्लाको बारेमा लेखिएको लेखमा सामग्रीको कमी भएको अवस्थामा पनि उल्लेनीयताको नीति पूरा गर्ने हुँदा यस्ता लेखलाई मेटाउने लेखको रूपमा वर्गिकरण गर्नुको सट्टा लेखको विस्तारको लागि ठूटो चिन्ह लगाएर लेख विस्तार गर्नु उचित हुन्छ। विकिपिडियाको नीति अनुसार उल्लेखनीयता अस्थाई नहुने भएकोले यस्ता लेखहरूलाई विस्तार गर्नु उचित हुने भनाई राख्दछु।[[User:Nirjal stha|nShrestha]] ([[User talk:Nirjal stha|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) २०:५६, २४ जनवरी २०२६ (नेपाली समय) [[श्रेणी:विकिपिडिया चौतारी]] == विकि लभ्स फिल्म अभियान आयोजना गर्ने सम्बन्धमा == सबैलाई नमस्ते, नेपाली विकिपिडियामा विभिन्न समयमा सम्पादन अभियान र लेख प्रतियोगिताहरू आयोजना हुँदै आएको सबैलाई थाहा नै छ। [[Meta:Wiki Loves Film|Wiki Loves Film]] मध्य युरोपमा सुरु भएको एक अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय अभियान हो, जसबाट प्रेरित भई नेपालमा पनि यो अभियान सञ्चालन गर्न लागेको समुदायलाई जानकारी गराउन चाहन्छु। यस अभियानको मुख्य उद्देश्य नेपालमा बोलिने विभिन्न भाषाका विकिपिडियाहरूमा चलचित्र सम्बन्धी लेखहरू सिर्जना र सुधार गर्नु हो। साथै, विकिमिडिया कमन्समा स्वतन्त्र मिडिया फाइलहरू अपलोड गर्ने र विकिडेटामा संरचित डेटा थप्ने काम पनि गरिनेछ। यो अभियान जुलाई–अगस्ट २०२६ मा सञ्चालन हुने योजना छ। कृपया आफ्नो विचार र सुझाव तल राख्नुहोस्। [[User:Saroj|Saroj]] ([[User talk:Saroj|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १४:३६, ९ मे २०२६ (नेपाली समय) === टिप्पणी === * यो राम्रो र आवश्यक अभियान हो। नेपालका विभिन्न भाषाका विकिपिडियाहरूमा चलचित्रसम्बन्धी सामग्री अझै पनि सीमित रहेको अवस्थामा यस्तो अभियानले नयाँ लेख सिर्जना गर्न र पुराना लेखहरू सुधार गर्न ठूलो सहयोग पुर्‍याउनेछ। साथै विकिमिडिया कमन्स र विकिडेटामा पनि योगदान बढने देखिन्छ। यस अभियानमा नेपालीसँगै अन्य भाषाहरुका समुदायलाई पनि सक्रिय रूपमा सहभागी गराउन सके अझ प्रभावकारी हुनेछ। अभियान सफलताको शुभकामना। -- [[User:Janak Bhatta|Janak Bhatta]] ([[User talk:Janak Bhatta|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १६:५७, ११ मे २०२६ (नेपाली समय) 7gnjgj8udt80j6i0r2y1fw55zqdwzfg 0 78508 1354861 1354319 2026-05-11T10:50:10Z Bishaldev100 28807 1354861 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox sports rivalry | name = एल क्लासिको | other names = रियल म्याड्रिड विरुद्ध बार्सिलोना | image = [[चित्र:RealMadrid-Barcelona.svg|200px|alt=Uniforms]] | caption = | city or region = {{flag|स्पेन}} | Biggest win = रियल म्याड्रिड ११-१ बार्सिलोना<br />१९४३ कोपा डेल<br />सेमी फाइनल<br />(१३ जुन १९४३) | teams involved = [[रियल म्याड्रिड]]<br />[[बार्सिलोना]] | most wins = {{nowrap|<small>'''प्रतियोगितात्मक खेलहरू:'''</small> रियल म्याड्रिड (९२)<br /><small>'''प्रदर्शनी खेलहरू:'''</small> बार्सिलोना (१९)<br /><small>'''जम्मा खेलहरू:'''</small> बार्सिलोना (१०८)}} | most player appearances = [[म्यानुएल स्यानचेस होन्टियुएलो|म्यानुएल स्यानचेस]] (४३) | top scorer = [[लियोनेल मेसी|लियोनेल मेस्सी]] (२६) | mostrecent = {{nowrap|बार्सिलोना २-१ रियल म्याड्रिड}}<br />[[२०१४-१५ ला लिगा|ला लिगा]]<br />{{nowrap|(राउण्ड २८: २३ मार्च २०१५)}} | total = {{nowrap|<small>'''प्रतियोगितात्मक खेलहरू:'''</small> २२९ <br /><small>'''प्रदर्शनी खेलहरू:'''</small> ३३ <br /><small>'''जम्मा म्याचहरू:'''</small> २६२}} | league = | series = | regularseason = | postseason = | broadcasters = }} '''एल क्लासिको''' (अङ्ग्रेजी : El Clasico , 'The classic' ) दुई चिर प्रतिद्वन्दी स्पेनीस फुटबल क्लब [[रियल म्याड्रिड]] र [[बार्सिलोना]] बिच हुने जुनसुकै खेललाई पनि एल क्लासिको भनिन्छ। यो खेल [[युइएफए युरोपेली च्याम्पियनसिप|युइएफए यूरोपियन च्याम्पियनशीप]] फाइनल पछाडी सबैभन्दा बढी हेरिने क्लब स्तरीय खेल हो। यसलाई खेलकुदको सबैभन्दा कडा प्रतिद्वन्द्वी मध्ये एक मानिन्छ, र यसका खेलहरूका विश्वव्यापी दर्शकहरू करोडौं छन्।<ref name="BBC History">{{cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/7773758.stm|title=Barca & Real renew El Clasico rivalry|last=स्टीभेन्सन|first=जोनाथन|date=12 December 2008|access-date=15 August 2010|publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref><ref name="Forbes 2014">[https://www.forbes.com/sites/kurtbadenhausen/2014/05/16/lionel-messi-agrees-to-new-50-million-a-year-deal-with-barcelona/ "Lionel Messi Reaches $50 Million-A-Year Deal With Barcelona"]. Forbes. Retrieved 1 October 2014</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2002/aug/28/sport.danrookwood|title=The bitterest rivalry in world football|last=रुकवुड|first=ड्यान|date=28 August 2002|work=द गार्जियन|location=London}}</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140816175537/http://www.fifa.com/classicfootball/clubs/rivalries/newsid=106848/ "El Clasico: When stars collide"]. FIFA.com. Retrieved 21 October 2014</ref> १० मे २०२६ मा खेलिएको खेल सम्ममा, आधिकारिक प्रतिस्पर्धात्मक खेलहरूमा रियल म्याड्रिड र बार्सिलोना दुबैले बराबर १०६ खेल जितेको छ ५२ खेल बराबरीमा सकिएको छ। <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/el-clasico|title=Barça and Real Madrid: El Clásico|access-date=26 October 2025|publisher=FC Barcelona}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://cadenaser.com/nacional/2023/03/02/las-estadisticas-del-clasico-partidos-goles-y-datos-de-los-enfrentamientos-entre-real-madrid-y-barcelona-cadena-ser/?outputType=amp|title=Las estadísticas del Clásico: partidos, goles y datos de los enfrentamientos entre Real Madrid y Barcelona|date=4 April 2023|newspaper=Cadena Ser|access-date=23 May 2023|language=es}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.mundodeportivo.com/futbol/el-clasico-barca-real-madrid/20170728/43102933574/barca-madrid-clasico-amistoso.html?facet=amp|title=26 años sin un Clásico amistoso|date=28 July 2017|newspaper=Mundo Deportivo|access-date=23 May 2023|language=es}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.lagalerna.com/los-amistosos-real-madrid-barcelona/|title=Los amistosos Real Madrid–Barcelona|date=29 July 2017|newspaper=La Galerna|access-date=23 May 2023|language=es}}</ref> ==इतिहास == यो प्रतियोगिता इतिहासका कारणले पनि प्रख्यात छ। ऐतिहासिक दृष्टिबाट हेर्दा, [[बार्सिलोना]] र [[म्याड्रिड]] स्पेनका दुई ठुला शहरहरू हुन् जहाँ दुई फरक राजनीतिक मत पाइन्छ। सामान्यतया बार्सिलोना समर्थक [[क्याटालोनिया]] समर्पित हुन्छन् भने रियल म्याड्रिड समर्थक स्पेनिस सरकार समर्पित हुन्छन्। यी दुवै क्लबहरू संसारकै सबभन्दा धनी र सफल क्लब मानिन्छन्। पहिले क्याटालोनियालाई तानाशाही शासन प्रयोग गरी त्यहाँका नागरिकहरूलाई असम्मान र अत्याचार गरिन्थ्यो। तसर्थ नागरिकहरूले राज्यसँग बदला लिने एकमात्र उपाय म्याड्रिडको प्रतिनिधित्व गर्ने क्लबलाई हराउनु हो। ==खेलाडीहरू== ==नतिजाहरू== ===गोलकर्ता=== ====उच्च गोलकर्ता==== {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;margin-left:1em" |- !स्थान!! style="width:80px;"width=110|राष्ट्रियता!! width=110|खेलाडी!! style="width:100px;"|क्लब!! width=75|ला लिगा!! width=75|कप!! width=75|सुपर कप!! width=75|लिग कप!! width=75|यूरोप!! width=75|जम्मा |- |१ |style="text-align:left;"|{{ARG}} |style="text-align:left;"|'''[[लियोनेल मेसी|लियोनेल मेस्सी]]''' |एफसी बार्सिलोना |'''१४''' | |'''५''' | |२ |'''२१''' |- |२ |style="text-align:left;"|{{ARG}}{{ESP}} |style="text-align:left;"|[[अल्फ्रेडो डाइ स्टिफानो]] |रियल म्याड्रिड |१४ |२ |२ | | |'''१८''' |- |rowspan=2|३ |style="text-align:left;"|{{ESP}} |style="text-align:left;"|[[राउल गोन्जालेज]] |रियल म्याड्रिड |११ | |३ | |१ |'''१५''' |- |style="text-align:left;"|{{POR}} |style="text-align:left;"|'''[[क्रिस्टियानो रोनाल्डो|क्रिष्टियानो रोनाल्डो]]''' |रियल म्याड्रिड |७ |५ |३ | | |'''१५''' |- |rowspan=3|३ |style="text-align:left;"|{{ESP}} |style="text-align:left;"|[[सिजर रोडरिगेज अल्भारेज]] |बार्सिलोना |१२ |२ | | | |'''१५''' |- |style="text-align:left;"|{{ESP}} |style="text-align:left;"|[[फ्रान्सिस्को जेन्टो]] |रियल म्याड्रिड |१० |२ | | |२ |'''१४''' |- |style="text-align:left;"|{{HUN}}{{ESP}} |style="text-align:left;"|[[फेरेन्स पुस्कास|फेरेन्स पुस्काज]] |रियल म्याड्रिड |९ |२ | | |३ |'''१४''' |- |rowspan=1|८ |style="text-align:left;"|{{ESP}} |style="text-align:left;"|[[कार्लोस अलोन्सो गोन्जालेज]] |रियल म्याड्रिड |९ |२ | |१ | |'''१२''' |- |rowspan=3|९ |style="text-align:left;"|{{MEX}} |style="text-align:left;"|[[ह्युगो सान्चेज]] |रियल क्रुज |८ | |२ | | |'''१०''' |- |style="text-align:left;"|{{ESP}} |style="text-align:left;"|[[जुआन गोमेज गोन्जालेज]] |रियल म्याड्रिड |८ | | |'''२''' | |'''१०''' |- |style="text-align:left;"|{{ESP}} |style="text-align:left;"|[[जोसेप सामिटियर]] |बार्सा / रियल |४ |६ | | | |'''१०''' |- |rowspan=1|१२ |style="text-align:left;"|{{ESP}} |style="text-align:left;"|[[इस्टेनिस्लाओ बसोरा]] |बार्सिलोना |८ |१ | | | |'''९''' |- |rowspan=5|१३ |style="text-align:left;"|{{ESP}} |style="text-align:left;"|[[जेमी लाज्कानो]] |रियल म्याड्रिड |८ | | | | |'''८''' |- |style="text-align:left;"|{{CHI}} |style="text-align:left;"|[[इभान जामोरानो]] |रियल म्याड्रिड |४ |२ |२ | | |'''८''' |- |style="text-align:left;"|{{PAR}} |style="text-align:left;"|[[युलोगियो मार्टिनेज]] |बार्सिलोना |२ |५ | | |१ |'''८''' |- |style="text-align:left;"|{{ESP}} |style="text-align:left;"|[[लुइस सुआरेज मिरामोन्टेस|लुइस सुआरेज]] |बार्सिलोना |२ |४ | | |२ |'''८''' |- |style="text-align:left;"|{{ESP}} |style="text-align:left;"|[[सान्टिएगो बर्नाबेउ येस्ते|सान्टिएगो बर्नाबेउ]] |रियल म्याड्रिड | |८ | | | |'''८''' |} ====लगातार गोल गर्नेहरू==== {| class="wikitable" |- ! क्रम ! खेलाडी ! क्लब ! लगातार खेलहरू ! जम्मा गोल ! सुरू ! समाप्त |- bgcolor=#D0E7FF | style="text-align:center;"| १ | style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|Portugal}} [[Cristiano Ronaldo]] | style="text-align:center;"| [[Real Madrid C.F.|Real Madrid]] | style="text-align:center;"| '''६''' | style="text-align:center;"| ७ | style="text-align:center;"| [[2011–12 Copa del Rey]] (1st leg) | style="text-align:center;"| [[2012–13 La Liga]] (7th round) |- | style="text-align:center;"| 2 | style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|Chile}} [[Iván Zamorano]] | style="text-align:center;"| [[Real Madrid C.F.|Real Madrid]] | style="text-align:center;"| '''5''' | style="text-align:center;"| 5 | style="text-align:center;"| [[1992–93 La Liga]] (20th Round) | style="text-align:center;"| [[1993 Supercopa de España]] (2nd leg) |- | style="text-align:center;" rowspan="3"| 3 | style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|Spain}} [[Simón Lecue]] | style="text-align:center;"| [[Real Madrid C.F.|Real Madrid]] | style="text-align:center;"| '''4''' | style="text-align:center;"| 5 | style="text-align:center;"| [[1935–36 La Liga]] (7th Round) | style="text-align:center;"| [[1939–40 La Liga]] (9th Round) |- | style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Ronaldinho]] | style="text-align:center;"| [[FC Barcelona|Barcelona]] | style="text-align:center;"| '''4''' | style="text-align:center;"| 5 | style="text-align:center;"| [[2004–05 La Liga]] (12th Round) | style="text-align:center;"| [[2005–06 La Liga]] (31st Round) |- | style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Giovanni Silva de Oliveira|Giovanni]] | style="text-align:center;"| [[FC Barcelona|Barcelona]] | style="text-align:center;"| '''4''' | style="text-align:center;"| 4 | style="text-align:center;"| [[1997 Supercopa de España]] (1st leg) | style="text-align:center;"| [[1997–98 La Liga]] (28th Round) |} ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} ==बाह्य कडीहरू== {{Commonscat|Real Madrid-FC Barcelona rivalry|एल क्लासिको}} * {{Cite book| last=Ball| first=Phill| title=Morbo: The Story of Spanish Football | year=2003|publisher=WSC Books Limited|isbn=0-9540134-6-8}} * {{Cite book|title=Long distance love: a passion for football|first=Grant|last=Farred|publisher=Temple University Press|year=2008|isbn=1-59213-374-6}} [[श्रेणी:स्पेनका फुटबल प्रतिद्वन्दीहरू]] qyjtz93m2wipqxt63g3mllswvxaq341 10 81514 1354859 1315229 2026-05-11T08:30:38Z Bishaldev100 28807 1354859 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#if:{{{speaker|}}}{{{state_legislature|}}}{{{state_assembly|}}}{{{speaker_office|}}}{{{state_delegate|}}}{{{state_house|}}}{{{prior_term|}}}{{{nominee|}}}{{{candidate|}}}{{{termstart|}}}{{{election_date|}}}{{{majority_leader|}}}{{{minority_floor_leader|}}}{{{minority_leader|}}}{{{majority_floor_leader|}}}{{{jr/sr|}}}{{{succeeding|}}}{{{assuming|}}}{{{state|}}}{{{jr/sr and state|}}}{{{state_senate|}}}{{{district|}}}{{{ambassador_from|}}}{{{minister_from|}}}{{{order|}}}{{{office|}}}{{{title|}}}{{{country|}}}{{{constituency_AM|}}}{{{constituency_MP|}}}{{{parliament|}}}{{{assembly|}}}{{{constituency_|}}}{{{riding|}}}{{{term|}}}{{{termend|}}}{{{alongside|}}}{{{co-leader|}}} |{{#invoke:infobox|infoboxTemplate|child=yes|decat=yes | headerstyle = color: #202122; background:{{{color|lavender}}};line-height:normal;padding:0.2em; | datastyle = border-bottom:none <!--------Speaker of the House---------> | header1 = {{#if:{{{speaker|}}}| {{{speaker}}} {{#if:{{{state_legislature|}}} |[[Speaker of the {{{state_legislature}}} Legislature]] |{{#if:{{{state_assembly|}}} |[[Speaker of the {{{state_assembly|}}} {{#ifeq:{{{state_assembly|}}}|Nevada||{{#ifeq:{{{state_assembly|}}}|New Jersey|General|State}}}} Assembly]] |{{#if:{{{speaker_office|}}}|{{{speaker_office}}}|[[Speaker of the {{#if:{{{state_delegate|}}} |{{{state_delegate}}}|{{#if:{{{state_house|}}} |{{{state_house}}}|United States}}}} House of {{#if:{{{state_delegate|}}}|Delegates|Representatives}}|Speaker of the {{#if:{{{state_delegate|}}} |{{{state_delegate}}}|{{#if:{{{state_house|}}} |{{{state_house}}}|U.S.}}}} House of {{#if:{{{state_delegate|}}}|Delegates|Representatives}}]]}} }} }}{{#if:{{{prior_term|}}}| <br />{{{prior_term}}}}} }} <!--------Office---------> | header2 = {{#if:{{{nominee|}}}{{{candidate|}}}| {{#if:{{{party_election|}}}{{{party|}}} |{{#if:{{{party_election|}}}|{{{party_election}}}|{{{party}}}}} {{#if:{{{nominee|}}}|nominee for<br />{{{nominee}}}|candidate for<br />{{{candidate}}}}} |{{#if:{{{nominee|}}}|Nominee for<br />{{{nominee}}}|Candidate for<br />{{{candidate}}}}} }} }} | data3 = {{#if:{{{nominee|}}}{{{candidate|}}}| {{#if:{{{termstart|}}}{{{election_date|}}} | <span class="nowrap">'''Election date'''</span><br />{{#if:{{{election_date|}}}|{{{election_date}}}|{{{termstart}}}}} }} }} | header4 = {{#if:{{{majority_leader|}}}{{{minority_floor_leader|}}}{{{minority_leader|}}}{{{majority_floor_leader|}}}|| {{#if:{{{jr/sr|}}}|[[अमेरिकी सिनेट|<!--Changed code to eliminate "Junior/Senior" distinction for U.S. Senators per [[Template talk:Infobox Officeholder/Archive 9#Senior/Junior U.S. Senators]]{{{jr/sr}}}-->अमेरिकी सिनेटर{{#if:{{{succeeding|}}}{{{assuming|}}}|-elect}}]]<br />{{{state}}}बाट }} }} | header5 = {{#if:{{{majority_leader|}}}{{{minority_floor_leader|}}}{{{minority_leader|}}}{{{majority_floor_leader|}}}|| {{{jr/sr and state|}}} }} | header6 = {{#if:{{{majority_leader|}}}{{{minority_floor_leader|}}}{{{minority_leader|}}}{{{majority_floor_leader|}}}|| {{#if:{{{state_senate|}}}|Member{{#if:{{{succeeding|}}}{{{assuming|}}}|-elect}} of the <span style="display: inline-block;">[[{{{state_senate}}} Senate]]</span>{{#if:{{{district|}}}|<br />from the {{{district}}} district}}{{#if:{{{prior_term|}}}| <br />{{{prior_term}}}}} }} }} | header7 = {{#if:{{{majority_leader|}}}{{{minority_floor_leader|}}}{{{minority_leader|}}}{{{majority_floor_leader|}}}|| {{#if:{{{state_legislature|}}}|Member{{#if:{{{succeeding|}}}{{{assuming|}}}|-elect}} of the <span style="display: inline-block;">[[{{{state_legislature}}} Legislature]]</span><br />from the {{{district}}} district }} }} | header8 = {{#if:{{{ambassador_from|}}}{{{minister_from|}}}|| {{#if:{{{order|}}} |{{{order}}}{{#if:{{{office|}}} |&#32;[[{{{office}}}]]}}{{#if:{{{state|}}} |&#32;[[{{{state}}}]]}}{{#if:{{{title|}}} |&#32;{{{title}}}}} |{{{office|}}} }} }} | header9 = {{#if:{{{ambassador_from|}}}{{{minister_from|}}}|| {{#if:{{{order|}}} ||{{{title|}}} }} }} <!--------Ambassador---------> | header10 = {{#if:{{both|{{{ambassador_from|}}}{{{minister_from|}}}|{{{country|}}}}} |{{#if:{{{order|}}}|{{{order}}}}} {{#if:{{{minister_from|}}} |[[{{{minister_from}}} Ambassador to {{CountryPrefixThe|{{{country}}}}}|{{{minister_from}}} Minister to <span class="nowrap">{{CountryPrefixThe|{{{country}}}}}</span>]] |[[{{{ambassador_from}}} {{CountryPrefixThe|{{{country}}}}}को लागि|{{{ambassador_from}}} <span class="nowrap">{{CountryPrefixThe|{{{country}}}}}को राजदूत</span>]] }} [[Category:Pages using infobox officeholder with ambassador from or minister from]] }} <!--------MP---------> | header11 = {{#if:{{{constituency_AM|}}}{{{constituency_MP|}}}| {{#switch:{{{parliament|}}} |Australian = Member of the <span style="display: inline-block;">[[Australian House of Representatives|Australian Parliament]]</span> |European = [[Member of the European&nbsp;Parliament]] |Scottish = [[Member of the Scottish&nbsp;Parliament]] |Sri Lanka|Sri Lankan = [[Member of Parliament (Sri Lanka)|Member of Parliament]] |United Kingdom|UK = [[Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)|Member of Parliament]] |#default = {{#if:{{{constituency_AM|}}}|{{#if:{{{assembly|}}}|Member of the <span style="display: inline-block;">[[{{{assembly}}} Assembly]]</span>|Assembly Member}}|Member of {{#if:{{{parliament|}}}|the <span style="display: inline-block;">[[{{{parliament}}} Parliament]]</span>|Parliament}}}}}}<br />for {{#ifeq:{{Title disambig text|{{{constituency_MP|}}}}}|UK Parliament constituency |{{{constituency_MP|}}} |{{#if:{{#switch:{{{parliament|}}} |United Kingdom|UK| = {{Linkless exists|{{#invoke:delink|delink|{{{constituency_MP|}}}}} (UK Parliament constituency)}} }} |{{#ifeq:{{#invoke:delink|delink|{{{constituency_MP|}}}}}|{{#invoke:delink|delink|{{{constituency_MP|}}}|wikilinks=target}} |{{Constlk|{{#invoke:delink|delink|{{{constituency_MP|}}}}}}} |{{{constituency_{{#if:{{{constituency_AM|}}}|AM|MP}}}}}}} |{{{constituency_{{#if:{{{constituency_AM|}}}|AM|MP}}}}}}} }}{{#if:{{{prior_term|}}}| <div style="font-weight:normal;">{{{prior_term}}}</div>}} }} | header12 = {{#if:{{{riding|}}}|{{#if:{{{constituency_AM|}}}|{{#if:{{{assembly|}}}|Member of the <span style="display: inline-block;">[[{{{assembly}}} Assembly]]</span>|Assembly Member}}| {{#switch:{{{parliament|}}} |Canadian = [[Member of Parliament (Canada)|Member of Parliament]] |#default = Member of {{#if:{{{parliament|}}}|the <span style="display: inline-block;">[[{{{parliament}}} Parliament]]</span>|Parliament}}}}}}<br />for {{{riding}}} }} <!--------Majority Leader (State Senate)---------> | header13 = {{#if:{{{majority_leader|}}}|{{{majority_leader}}} {{#if:{{{state_senate|}}}|[[Majority Leader of the {{{state_senate}}} Senate]]|[[United States Senate Majority Leader]]}} }} <!--------Majority Floor Leader (State Senate)---------> | header14 = {{#if:{{{majority_floor_leader|}}}|{{{majority_floor_leader}}} [[Majority Floor Leader of the {{{state_senate}}} Senate]] }} <!--------Minority Leader (State Senate)---------> | header15 = {{#if:{{{minority_leader|}}}|{{{minority_leader}}} [[Minority Leader of the {{{state_senate}}} Senate]] }} <!--------Minority Floor Leader (State Senate)---------> | header16 = {{#if:{{{minority_floor_leader|}}}|{{{minority_floor_leader}}} [[Minority Floor Leader of the {{{state_senate}}} Senate]] }} <!--------Congressman---------> | header17 = {{#if:{{{state_legislature|}}}{{{state_senate|}}}{{{jr/sr|}}}{{{jr/sr and state|}}}|| {{#if:{{#if:{{{state|}}}|{{{constituency|}}}}}{{{district|}}}{{{state_house|}}}|{{#if:{{{state_assembly|}}} |Member{{#if:{{{succeeding|}}}{{{assuming|}}}|-elect}} of the <span style="display: inline-block;">[[{{{state_assembly|}}} {{#ifeq:{{{state_assembly|}}}|Nevada||{{#ifeq:{{{state_assembly|}}}|New Jersey|General|State}}}} Assembly]]</span><br />from the |Member{{#if:{{{succeeding|}}}{{{assuming|}}}|-elect}} of the <span style="display: inline-block;">[[{{#if:{{{state_house|}}} |{{{state_house}}}|{{#if:{{{state_delegate|}}}|{{{state_delegate}}}|United States }}}} {{#if:{{{state_delegate|}}}|House of Delegates|House of Representatives}}|{{#if:{{{state_house|}}} |{{{state_house}}}|{{#if:{{{state_delegate|}}}|{{{state_delegate}}}|U.S.}}}}&#32;{{#if:{{{state_delegate|}}}|House&#32;of&#32;Delegates|{{#if:{{{state_house|}}}| }}House&#32;of&#32;Representatives}}]]</span>{{#if:{{{district|}}}{{{state|}}}{{{state_delegate|}}}|<br />from {{#if:{{{state_delegate|}}}|the |{{#if:{{{state_house|}}}|{{#if:{{{district|}}}|the|{{{state|}}}}}|{{{state|}}}{{#if:{{{district|}}}|'s}}}}}} }}}} {{#if:{{{district|}}}|{{{district}}} district|{{#if:{{{state_house|}}}|{{{constituency|}}}}}}}{{#if:{{{prior_term|}}}| <br />{{{prior_term}}}}} }} }} <!--------Convocation---------> | header18 = {{#if:{{{convocation|}}}|{{{convocation}}}}} <!--------Term---------> | data19 = {{#if:{{{termend|}}}{{{succeeding|}}}{{{assuming|}}}| {{#if:{{{status|}}} | <div class="skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="width:100%; margin:0; color: black; background-color: {{{color|lavender}}}">'''{{{status}}}'''</div>|}}| }} | data20 = {{#if:{{{nominee|}}}{{{candidate|}}}|| {{#if:{{{succeeding|}}}{{{assuming|}}} | <span class="nowrap">'''पदभार ग्रहण'''</span><br />{{{termstart}}}{{#if:{{{term|}}}{{{termend|}}}|[[Category:Pages using infobox officeholder with succeeding and term or termend]]}} | {{#if: {{{term|}}} | <span class="nowrap">'''{{{termlabel|कार्यकाल}}}'''</span><br />{{{term}}} }} }} }} | data21 = {{#if:{{{nominee|}}}{{{candidate|}}}|| {{#if:{{{succeeding|}}}{{{assuming|}}} | |{{#if:{{{termstart|}}} | {{#if:{{{termend|}}} |<!--then: term has start and end:--><span class="nowrap">'''{{{termlabel|कार्यकाल}}}'''</span><br />{{en dash range|{{{termstart}}}|{{{termend}}}}}{{#if:{{{alongside|}}}{{{co-leader|}}}|<div style="line-height:normal; padding-top:0.2em; padding-bottom:0.1em">{{#if:{{{alongside|}}}|सहकर्मी|Co-leading}}&#32;सँग&#32;{{#if:{{{alongside|}}}|{{{alongside}}}|{{{co-leader}}}}}</div>}} |{{#if:{{{status|}}}|<div class="skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="width:100%; margin:0; color: black; background-color: {{{color|lavender}}}">'''{{{status}}}'''</div>|<!--else: term is ongoing--><div class="skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="width:100%; margin:0; color: black; background-color: {{{color|lavender}}}">'''[[बहालवाला]]'''</div>}} }} }} }} }} | data22 = {{#if:{{{nominee|}}}{{{candidate|}}}|| {{#if:{{{succeeding|}}}{{{assuming|}}} | |{{#if:{{{termstart|}}} |{{#if:{{{termend|}}} |<!--then nothing else; term has ended--> |<!--else term is ongoing:--><span class="nowrap">'''{{#if:{{{termlabel|}}}|{{#invoke:String|replace|source={{{termlabel}}}|कार्यकाल|पद बहाली}}|पद बहाली}}'''</span>&#32;<br />{{{termstart}}}{{#if:{{{alongside|}}}{{{co-leader|}}}|<div style="line-height:normal; padding-top:0.2em; padding-bottom:0.1em">{{#if:{{{alongside|}}}|सहकर्मी|Co-leader}}&#32;सँग&#32;{{#if:{{{alongside|}}}|{{{alongside}}}|{{{co-leader}}}}}</div>}} }} }} }} }} }} }}<!-- end infobox1 / start infobox2 -->{{#if:{{{monarch|}}}{{{president|}}}{{{governor-general|}}}{{{governor_general|}}}{{{primeminister|}}}{{{chancellor|}}}{{{minister|}}}{{{taoiseach|}}}{{{firstminister|}}}{{{chiefminister|}}}{{{premier|}}}{{{governor|}}}{{{lieutenant_governor|}}}{{{vicepresident|}}}{{{vicegovernor|}}}{{{viceprimeminister|}}}{{{vicepremier|}}}{{{deputy|}}}{{{leader|}}}{{{lieutenant|}}}{{{nominator|}}}{{{appointer|}}}{{{opponent|}}}{{{incumbent|}}}{{{succeeding|}}}{{{assuming|}}}{{{preceding|}}}{{{predecessor|}}}{{{preceded|}}}{{{successor|}}}{{{succeeded|}}}{{{parliamentarygroup|}}}{{{constituency|}}}{{{majority|}}}{{{suboffice|}}}{{{1namedata|}}}{{{2namedata|}}}{{{3namedata|}}}{{{4namedata|}}}{{{5namedata|}}}{{{runningmate|}}}| {{#invoke:infobox|infoboxTemplate|child=yes | labelstyle = text-align:left | label1 = <span class="nowrap">नामाङ्कन कर्ता</span> | data1 = {{{nominator|}}} | label2 = <span class="nowrap">नियुक्ति कर्ता</span> | data2 = {{{appointer|}}} <!--------President, Prime Minister, Governor---------> | label3 = राजश्री{{#if:{{detect singular|{{{monarch|}}}}}||हरू}} | data3 = {{{monarch|}}} | label4 = राष्ट्रपति | data4 = {{{president|}}} | label5 = {{#if:{{{governor_general|}}}|महा{{#if:{{detect singular|{{{governor_general}}}}}||s}} राज्यपालक|राज्यपालक{{#if:{{detect singular|{{{governor-general}}}}}||s}}{{nbhyph}}राज्यपालक}} | data5 = {{#if:{{{governor_general|}}}|{{{governor_general}}}|{{{governor-general|}}}}} | label6 = <span class="nowrap">प्रधानमन्त्री</span> | data6 = {{{primeminister|}}} | label7 = कुलपति | data7 = {{{chancellor|}}} | label8 = मन्त्री | data8 = {{{minister|}}} | label9 = ताओइसेच | data9 = {{{taoiseach|}}} | label10 = <span class="nowrap">प्रथम मन्त्री</span> | data10 = {{{firstminister|}}} | label11 = <span class="nowrap">मुख्यमन्त्री</span> | data11 = {{{chiefminister|}}} | label12 = प्रमुख | data12 = {{{premier|}}} | label13 = राज्य प्रमुख | data13 = {{{governor|}}} | label14 = लप्टन प्रमुख | data14 = {{{lieutenant_governor|}}} <!--------Vice president/s, Vice Prime Minister/s, Deputy/ies, Lieutenant/s---------> | label15 = <span class="nowrap">{{#if:{{{vicepresident|}}}|{{#ifeq:{{Linkless exists|Vice {{#invoke:delink|delink|{{{office}}}|wikilinks=target}}}}|{{#ifeq:{{#invoke:Redirect|main|fulltext=1|{{#ifeq:Vice|Vice {{#invoke:delink|delink|{{{office}}}|wikilinks=target}}||Vice {{#invoke:delink|delink|{{{office}}}|wikilinks=target}}}}}}|{{#invoke:Redirect|main|fulltext=1|{{#invoke:delink|delink|{{{office}}}|wikilinks=target}}}}||{{#if:{{#invoke:Disambiguation|isDisambiguationPage|Vice {{#invoke:delink|delink|{{{office}}}|wikilinks=target}}}}||true}} }}|[[उप {{#invoke:delink|delink|{{{office}}}|wikilinks=target}}|उपराष्ट्रपति]]|उपराष्ट्रपति}}|उपराष्ट्रपति}}</span> | data15 = {{{vicepresident|}}} | label16 = <span class="nowrap">{{#if:{{{vicegovernor|}}}|{{#ifeq:{{Linkless exists|Vice {{#invoke:delink|delink|{{{office}}}|wikilinks=target}}}}|{{#ifeq:{{#invoke:Redirect|main|fulltext=1|{{#ifeq:Vice|Vice {{#invoke:delink|delink|{{{office}}}|wikilinks=target}}||Vice {{#invoke:delink|delink|{{{office}}}|wikilinks=target}}}}}}|{{#invoke:Redirect|main|fulltext=1|{{#invoke:delink|delink|{{{office}}}|wikilinks=target}}}}||{{#if:{{#invoke:Disambiguation|isDisambiguationPage|Vice {{#invoke:delink|delink|{{{office}}}|wikilinks=target}}}}||true}} }}|[[उप {{#invoke:delink|delink|{{{office}}}|wikilinks=target}}|Vice Governor]]|Vice Governor}}|Vice Governor}}</span> | data16 = {{{vicegovernor|}}} | label17 = <span class="nowrap">{{#if:{{{viceprimeminister|}}}|[[उप {{#invoke:delink|delink|{{{office}}}|wikilinks=target}}|Vice PM]]|Vice [[प्रधानमन्त्री|प्रम]]}}</span> | data17 = {{{viceprimeminister|}}} | label18 = <span class="nowrap">{{#if:{{{vicepremier|}}}|{{#ifeq:{{Linkless exists|Vice {{#invoke:delink|delink|{{{office}}}|wikilinks=target}}}}|{{#ifeq:{{#invoke:Redirect|main|fulltext=1|{{#ifeq:Vice|Vice {{#invoke:delink|delink|{{{office}}}|wikilinks=target}}||Vice {{#invoke:delink|delink|{{{office}}}|wikilinks=target}}}}}}|{{#invoke:Redirect|main|fulltext=1|{{#invoke:delink|delink|{{{office}}}|wikilinks=target}}}}||{{#if:{{#invoke:Disambiguation|isDisambiguationPage|Vice {{#invoke:delink|delink|{{{office}}}|wikilinks=target}}}}||true}} }}|[[उप {{#invoke:delink|delink|{{{office}}}|wikilinks=target}}|Vice Premier]]|Vice Premier}}|Vice Premier}}</span> | data18 = {{{vicepremier|}}} | label19 = {{#if:{{{deputy|}}}|{{#ifeq:{{Linkless exists|Deputy {{#invoke:delink|delink|{{{office}}}|wikilinks=target}}}}|{{#ifeq:{{#invoke:Redirect|main|fulltext=1|{{#ifeq:Deputy|Deputy {{#invoke:delink|delink|{{{office}}}|wikilinks=target}}||Deputy {{#invoke:delink|delink|{{{office}}}|wikilinks=target}}}}}}|{{#invoke:Redirect|main|fulltext=1|{{#invoke:delink|delink|{{{office}}}|wikilinks=target}}}}||{{#if:{{#invoke:Disambiguation|isDisambiguationPage|Deputy {{#invoke:delink|delink|{{{office}}}|wikilinks=target}}}}||true}} }}|[[सहायक {{#invoke:delink|delink|{{{office}}}|wikilinks=target}}|सहायक]]|सहायक}}|सहायक}} | data19 = {{{deputy|}}} | label20 = नेता | data20 = {{{leader|}}} | label21 = {{#if:{{{office|}}}|[[लप्टन{{#invoke:delink|delink|{{{office}}}|wikilinks=target}}|लप्टन]]|लप्टन}} | data21 = {{{lieutenant|}}} | label22 = {{nowrap|{{{subterm|}}}}} | data22 = {{{suboffice|}}} <!--------Blank fields---------> | label23 = {{{1blankname|}}} | data23 = {{{1namedata|}}} | label24 = {{{2blankname|}}} | data24 = {{{2namedata|}}} | label25 = {{{3blankname|}}} | data25 = {{{3namedata|}}} | label26 = {{{4blankname|}}} | data26 = {{{4namedata|}}} | label27 = {{{5blankname|}}} | data27 = {{{5namedata|}}} <!--------Predecessor/successor---------> | label28 = <span class="nowrap">Running mate</span> | data28 = {{{runningmate|}}} | label29 = Opponent{{#invoke:Detect singular|pluralize|{{{opponent|}}}|likely=(s)|plural=s}} | data29 = {{{opponent|}}} | label30 = बहालवाला | data30 = {{{incumbent|}}} | label31 = {{#if:{{{succeeding|}}}|उतराधिकारी|पूर्वाधिकारी}} | data31 = {{#if:{{{succeeding|}}}|{{{succeeding|}}}|{{{preceding|}}}}} | label32 = <span class="nowrap">पूर्वाधिकारी</span> | data32 = {{#if:{{{succeeding|}}}||{{#if:{{{predecessor|}}}|{{{predecessor}}}|{{{preceded|}}}}}}} | label33 = <span class="nowrap">उतराधिकारी</span> | data33 = {{#if:{{{succeeding|}}}||{{#switch:{{#if:{{{successor|}}}|{{{successor}}}|{{{succeeded|}}}}} | Incumbent | '''Incumbent''' | ''Incumbent'' | [[Incumbent]] | incumbent | '''incumbent''' | ''incumbent'' | [[incumbent]] = | #default = {{#if:{{{successor|}}}|{{{successor}}}|{{{succeeded|}}}}} }}}} <!--------Constituency/Majority---------> | label34 = [[संसदीय समूह]] | data34 = {{{parliamentarygroup|}}} | label35 = निर्वाचन क्षेत्र | data35 = {{#if:{{{state_house|}}}||{{{constituency|}}}}} | label36 = बहुमत | data36 = {{{majority|}}} }} }}<noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> o9r3vhkpos4g1v3n281y1a94odv0ty0 3 90631 1354841 1354251 2026-05-11T02:53:59Z MediaWiki message delivery 14766 /* Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-20 */ नयाँ खण्ड 1354841 wikitext text/x-wiki * [[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:Learnerktm/वार्ता १|पुराना सन्देशहरू १]] * [[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:Learnerktm/वार्ता २|पुराना सन्देशहरू २]] == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2017-03 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2016 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Monkey selfie]]'''</span> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Macaca nigra self-portrait large.jpg|center|300px]] <span style="text-align:left;>The '''monkey selfies''' are a series of selfies taken by Celebes crested macaques using equipment belonging to the British nature photographer David Slater.</span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.png|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:MassMessage/Lists/Translation of the week|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:३०, १६ जनवरी २०१७ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=16174362 --> == उच्च प्रदर्शित लेख सम्बन्धमा छलफल == '''[[विकिपिडिया:उच्च प्रदर्शित लेख|उच्च प्रदर्शित लेख]]''' सम्बन्धमा छलफल भई रहेकोले '''[[विकिपीडिया:चौतारी (प्रस्ताव)#उच्च प्रदर्शित लेख|यहाँ]]''' आफ्नो विचार तथा राय राख्नु हुनको लागी अनुरोध गर्दछौं । [[User:Nirjal stha|Nirjal stha]] ([[User talk:Nirjal stha|कुरा गर्ने]]) ०६:११, ४ फेब्रुअरी २०१७ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Nirjal stha@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Nirjal_stha/list&oldid=599602 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2017-07 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2016 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Mangal Shobhajatra]]'''</span> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Mangal Shobhajatra in Dhaka.jpg|center|300px]] <span style="text-align:left;>'''Mangal Shobhajatra''' is a mass procession that takes place at dawn on the first day of the Bengali New Year in Bangladesh, organised by the teachers and students of the Faculty of Fine Arts of Dhaka University. The festival is considered an expression of the secular identity of the Bangladeshi people and as a way to promote unity. It was declared an intangible cultural heritage by UNESCO in 2016, categorised on the representative list as a heritage of humanity.</span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.png|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:MassMessage/Lists/Translation of the week|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०२:२४, १३ फेब्रुअरी २०१७ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=16249755 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2017-08 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2016 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Sundial cannon]]'''</span> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Cannon Sundial by Victor Chevalier, Paris (about 1800).jpg|center|300px]] <span style="text-align:left;>A '''sundial cannon''' is a device consisting of a sundial incorporating a cannon with a fuse that is lit by an overhanging lens, concentrating the rays of the sun, and causing the cannon to fire at noon, when properly oriented along a north-south axis.</span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.png|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०२:०८, २० फेब्रुअरी २०१७ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=16339651 --> == समीक्षा सहित मत राख्न अनुरोध == नमस्ते सम्पादक मित्र, कृपया [https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80#Tulsi_Bhagat यस] महत्वपूर्ण वार्तालापमा आफ्नो मत राख्न अनुरोध गर्दछु ।--[[User:Biplab Anand|बिप्लब आनन्द]] ([[User talk:Biplab Anand|वार्ता]]) १३:१९, २३ फेब्रुअरी २०१७ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=601242 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2017-09 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2016 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Rugelach]]'''</span> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:ChocolateRugelach.JPG|center|300px]] <span style="text-align:left;>'''Rugelach''' is a Jewish pastry of Ashkenazic origin. It is very popular in Israel, commonly found in most cafes and bakeries. It is also a popular treat among American and European Jews.</span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.png|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:२१, २७ फेब्रुअरी २०१७ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=16347352 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2017-10 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Discourses on Salt and Iron]]'''</span><br /> <small>''([[:zh:盐铁论]]) ([[:fr:Dispute sur le sel et le fer]]) ''</small> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- <span style="text-align:left;>The '''Discourses on Salt and Iron''' (Chinese: 鹽鐵論; pinyin: Yán Tiě Lùn) was a debate held at the imperial court in 81 BCE on state policy during the Han dynasty in China. The previous emperor, Emperor Wu, had reversed the laissez-faire policies of his predecessors and imposed a wide variety of state interventions, such as creating monopolies on China's salt and iron enterprises, price stabilization schemes, and taxes on capital. These actions sparked a fierce debate as to the policies of the Emperor. After his death, during the reign of Emperor Zhao of Han, the regent Huo Guang called on all the scholars of the empire to come to the capital, Chang'an, to debate the government's economic policies.</span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|32px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०२:५९, ६ मार्च २०१७ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=16383211 --> == विकी विमिन एडिटाथन == नमस्ते सम्पादक मित्र,</br> चौतारीमा गरिएको प्रस्तावमाथि [https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_(%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5)#.E0.A4.B5.E0.A4.BF.E0.A4.95.E0.A5.80_.E0.A4.B5.E0.A4.BF.E0.A4.AE.E0.A4.BF.E0.A4.A8_.E0.A4.8F.E0.A4.A1.E0.A4.BF.E0.A4.9F.E0.A4.BE.E0.A4.A5.E0.A4.A8_.E0.A5.A8.E0.A5.A6.E0.A5.A7.E0.A5.AD यहाँ] छलफल भइरहेको हुँदा यसमा भाग लिनका लागि अनुरोध गर्न चाहन्छु ।--[[User:Biplab Anand|बिप्लब आनन्द]] १६:१६, ६ मार्च २०१७ <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=602640 --> == प्रस्ताव == नमस्ते सम्पादक मित्रहरू,</br> कृपया यस [https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_(%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5)#.E0.A4.8F.E0.A4.95_.E0.A4.9C.E0.A4.BE.E0.A4.A8.E0.A4.95.E0.A4.BE.E0.A4.B0.E0.A5.80 प्रस्ताव] माथि आफ्नो मत राख्नुहोला ।--[[User:Biplab Anand|बिप्लब आनन्द]] १५:४५, ११ मार्च २०१७ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=602640 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2017-11 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Lomami National Park]]'''</span> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Cam trap 12 bonobos in the clearing.jpg|center|300px]] <span style="text-align:left;>'''Lomami National Park''' (in french: Parc National de la Lomami) is a national park located in the Democratic Republic of Congo in Central Africa. Situated within the middle basin of the Lomami River, it straddles the Provinces of Tshopo and Maniema with a slight overlap into the forests of the Tshuapa and Lualaba river basins. The National Park was formally declared on 7 July 2016. It is the 9th national park in the country and the first to be created since 1992.</span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:५८, १३ मार्च २०१७ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=16400711 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2017-12 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Traditional violin craftsmanship in Cremona]]'''</span><br /> <small>''([[:it:Liuteria tradizionale cremonese]]) ''</small> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Varnishing a violin.jpg|center|300px]] <span style="text-align:left;>The '''Cremona's traditional violin''' making is an ancient form of handicrafts typical of Cremona (Italy) where bowed string instruments like violins, violas, cellos and double basses have been made since 16^th century. The "''Traditional violin craftsmanship in Cremona''" was declared an intangible cultural heritage by UNESCO in 2012.</span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:५९, २० मार्च २०१७ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=16400711 --> == योगदानको लागि धन्यवाद ! == लर्नरktm जी, विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०१७ मा सक्रिय सहभागिता जनाएर आफ्नो अमुल्य समय र मेहनतको लागि धन्यवाद दिदै आगामी दिनहरूमा पनि यहाँको सक्रिय सहभागिताको अपेक्षा गर्दछौं । विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०१७, आयोजक समूह :::@[[User:Punya|Punya]]जी हजुरलाई पनि धेरै धेरै धन्यवाद! :) <span style="color:green;">^:)</span>'''[[user:Learnerktm|लर्नर]]'''<span style="color:red;">^ktm</span> १४:०९, २२ मार्च २०१७ (युटिसी(UTC)) == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2017-13 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Peridium]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Bird's nest fungi - context.jpg|center|300px]] <span style="text-align:left;>The '''peridium''' is the protective layer that encloses a mass of spores in fungi. This outer covering is a distinctive feature of gasteroid fungi.</span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:३६, २७ मार्च २०१७ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=16475840 --> == विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०१७ == नमस्ते विकिपिडियन मित्रहरू,</br> नेपाली विकिपिडियामा गत मार्च ८ देखि मार्च २२ मा सञ्चालन भएको [[विकिपिडिया:विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०१७|विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०१७]] प्रतियोगितामा तपाईद्वारा निर्माण गरिएको लेखहरूलाई [https://tools.wmflabs.org/fountain/editathons/wikiwomen-editathon-2017 यस उपकरण] मार्फत पेश गर्नुहोस् । यस उपकरणलाई मात्र ८ दिनको लागि खुल्ला गरिएको हुनाले आफ्नो लेख यथाशीघ्र पेश गर्न अनुरोध गर्दछु ।--[[User:Biplab Anand|बिप्लब आनन्द]] १६:३७, २८ मार्च २०१७ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=606002 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2017-15 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Euphrates Tunnel]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- <span style="text-align:left;>The '''Euphrates Tunnel''' was allegedly a 929 meter long tunnel built to connect the two halves of the city of Babylon; archaeologists believe it was built between 2180 and 2160 BCE. Construction began with a temporary dam across the Euphrates river, and proceeded using a "cut and cover" technique. The tunnel was supposedly lined with brick and waterproofed with asphalt. No other sub-aqueous pedestrian tunnel was attempted until Marc Brunel built the Thames Tunnel beginning in 1824 CE. A description of the tunnel as being built and used by Queen Semiramis is given by Diodorus (fl. 50 BCE) in the Bibliotheca Historica. Philostratus (d. 250 CE) also describes the tunnel's construction in the Life of Apollonius of Tyana.</span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०६:५२, १० अप्रिल २०१७ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=16507790 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2017-16 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Pinnacles National Park]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Inside Balconies Cave at Pinnacles National Monument 1.jpg|300px|center]] <span style="text-align:left;>'''Pinnacles National Park''' is a U.S. National Park protecting a mountainous area located east of the Salinas Valley in Central California, about 5 miles (8.0 km) east of Soledad and 80 miles (130 km) southeast of San Jose. The park's namesakes are the eroded leftovers of the western half of an extinct volcano that has moved 200 miles (320 km) from its original location on the San Andreas Fault, embedded in a portion of the California Pacific Coast Ranges. Pinnacles is managed by the National Park Service and the majority of the park is protected as wilderness.</span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०२:३०, १७ अप्रिल २०१७ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=16507790 --> == [[विकिपीडिया:अन्य प्रयोगकर्ता अधिकारहरूको लागि निवेदन#Pitambar_Bhattarai|अन्य प्रयोगकर्ता अधिकारको लागि निवेदन]] == Learnerktm ज्यु, मलाई [https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BF_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A8#Pitambar_Bhattarai यहाँ] गएर अन्य प्रयोगकर्ता अधिकारको लागि समर्थन गरी दिनको लागि अनुरोध गर्द छु । '''धन्यवाद ! - [[User:Pitambar_Bhattarai|पिताम्बर भट्टराई]]^{[[User_talk:Pitambar_Bhattarai|(कुरा गर्ने)]]} १०:३०, २२ अप्रिल २०१७ (युटिसी(UTC)) == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2017-19 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Ettringite]]'''</span><br /><small>''([[:de:Ettringit]]) ([[:fr:Ettringite]]) ''</small> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Ettringite.jpg|300px|center]] <span style="text-align:left;>'''Ettringite''' is a hydrous mineral with formula: Ca₆Al₂(SO₄)₃(OH)₁₂·26H₂O. It is a colorless to yellow mineral crystallizing in a trigonal crystal system.</span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:३३, ८ मे २०१७ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=16620945 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2017-23 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Anna Russell (botanist)]]'''</span> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- <span style="text-align:left;>Botanist who has been described as "perhaps the ablest and most outstanding woman field botanist of her time".</span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|32px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ००:४२, ५ जुन २०१७ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=16741032 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2017-24 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Dhaka topi]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:A Typical Nepali Dhaka Topi laid on a level surface.jpg|300px|center]] <span style="text-align:left;>'''Dhaka topi''' is a type of hat, popular among hilly Nepalis and Indian Gorkhas, along with their diasporas. The hat is made of a fabric called dhaka, which is also used for a type of blouse, a dhaka-ko-cholo which translates "blouse made of dhaka fabric".</span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ००:३९, १२ जुन २०१७ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=16857061 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2017-25 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Pulled rickshaw]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:JapaneseRickshaw.jpg|300px|center]] <span style="text-align:left;>A '''pulled rickshaw''' (or ricksha) is a mode of human-powered transport by which a runner draws a two-wheeled cart which seats one or two people.</span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:५९, १९ जुन २०१७ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=16891684 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2017-27 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Battle of Callao]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:CombateDosdeMayo.jpg|300px|center]] <span style="text-align:left;>The '''Battle of Callao''' was the final battle (1866) in the war between Spanish and Peruvian forces.</span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ००:३१, ३ जुलाई २०१७ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=16900050 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2017-28 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Cat fugue]]'''</span><br /><small>(''[[:it:Fuga del gatto]]'')</small> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Carl Reichert - Katzenfuge.jpg|300px|center]] <span style="text-align:left;>The '''Fugue in G minor''' (K. 30, L. 499) by Domenico Scarlatti is a one-movement harpsichord sonata popularly known as the Cat fugue or Cat's fugue (La Fuga del Gatto).</span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:२१, १० जुलाई २०१७ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=16900050 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2017-29 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Qasr el Yahud]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Jordan Baptism site BW 6.JPG|300px|center]] <span style="text-align:left;>'''Qasr el Yahud''' is the official name of a baptism site in the Jordan River Valley region of the West Bank in Israel.</span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०२:१०, १७ जुलाई २०१७ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=16979914 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2017-30 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:St. Nicholas Fortress]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:St. Nicholas Fortress 0048.jpg|300px|center]] <span style="text-align:left;>'''St. Nicholas Fortress''' (Croatian: Tvrđava Sv. Nikole) is a fortress located in the town of Šibenik, one of the oldest native Croatian towns on the eastern shores of the Adriatic, in central Dalmatia, Croatia. It was included in UNESCO's World Heritage Site list as part of "Venetian Works of Defence between 15th and 17th centuries: Stato da Terra – western Stato da Mar" in 2017</span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ००:५१, २४ जुलाई २०१७ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=16979914 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2017-31 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:eu:Korrika]] '''</span><br /><small>''([[:en:Korrika]]) ([[:es:Korrika]]) ''</small> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Korrika 2015, Bilbo, Euskal Herria.jpg|300px|center]] <span style="text-align:left;>'''Korrika''' (Basque for running) is an exhibition race held bi-annually in the Basque Country in order to fundraise the adult Basque-language teaching organization called AEK. It one of the largest demostrations for a language in the world and the longest relay race in the world with 2.557 kilometres in 2017, run day and night without interruption for 11 days. Besides of it fundraising aim, Korrika celebrates, supports and spreads the Basque language itself.</span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ००:४१, ३१ जुलाई २०१७ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=17038296 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2017-33 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Viola Desmond]] '''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Viola Desmond.jpg|300px|center]] <span style="text-align:left;>'''Viola Irene Desmond''' (July 6, 1914 – February 7, 1965) was a Canadian Black Nova Scotian businesswoman who challenged racial segregation at a film theatre in New Glasgow, Nova Scotia, in 1946. She refused to leave a whites-only area of the Roseland Theatre and was convicted of a minor tax violation for the one-cent tax difference between her paid and used seat. Desmond's case is one of the most publicized incidents of racial discrimination in Canadian history and helped start the modern civil rights movement in Canada.</span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०२:१०, ८ अगस्त २०१७ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=17038296 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2017-34 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Maria Ann Smith]] '''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Granny Smith.jpg|300px|center]] <span style="text-align:left;>'''Maria Ann "Granny" Smith''' (1799 – 9 March 1870) was a British-Australian orchardist responsible for the cultivation of the Granny Smith apple.</span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ००:३४, १४ अगस्त २०१७ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=17038296 --> == Invitation for felicitation program of Wiki Events Nepal during 2015 == {| style="border: 1px solid gray; background-color: #F1EEED;" |rowspan="2" valign="top" |[[File:Wiki Events Nepal Logo.png|100px|Wiki Events Nepal ]] |rowspan="2" | |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 0; vertical-align: bottom; height: 1.1em;" | Invitation for felicitation program of Wiki Events 2015 in Nepal |- |style="vertical-align: top; border-top: 3px solid red;" | Dear {{BASEPAGENAME}}, we heartily apologize for the delay due to some situational circumstances. It’s our pleasure to invite you to [[:meta:Wikimedia Nepal/Wiki Events 2015 in Nepal|Wiki Events 2015 in Nepal]] winners awarding ceremony on 2nd September, 2017 at [https://www.google.com.np/maps/place/Masala+Cottage/@27.6889011,85.3333935,18.56z/data=!4m5!3m4!1s0x39eb19bddd2e90c5:0x105fb2d89672ca34!8m2!3d27.6891246!4d85.3330289?hl=en Masala Cottage], 2:00 pm onwards. We would like to ask few minutes of your time to [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfTTXlwOER-Se_jdRcch0jFUbmCsU2Eb-ZYHlf0v9hs3ojAkw/viewform provide your details here]. Your contribution as a contributor made the Wiki Events 2015 in Nepal possible. We’d like to have a privilege of having you there. '''Kind regards,'''<br/> '''The Wiki Events Nepal Team''' |} <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=617265 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2017-36 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Green star (astronomy)]] '''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:NGC 6826HSTFull.jpg|300px|center]] <span style="text-align:left;>In astronomy, a '''green star''' is a white or blue star that appears green due to an optical illusion.</span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ००:५९, ४ सेप्टेम्बर २०१७ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=17038296 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2017-37 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Mining industry of Angola]] '''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Catoca Diamond Mine-Angola 2001.jpg|300px|center]] <span style="text-align:left;>'''Mining in Angola''' is an activity with great economic potential since the country has one of the largest and most diversified mining resources of Africa. Angola is the third largest producer of diamonds in Africa and has only explored 40% of the diamond-rich territory within the country, but has had difficulty in attracting foreign investment because of corruption, human rights violations, and diamond smuggling. Production rose by 30% in 2006 and Endiama, the national diamond company of Angola, expects production to increase by 8% in 2007 to 10,000,000 carats (2,000 kg) annually. The government is trying to attract foreign companies to the provinces of Bié, Malanje and Uíge. Angola has also historically been a major producer of iron ore.</span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ००:५२, ११ सेप्टेम्बर २०१७ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=17196517 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2017-38 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Pioneer Cabin Tree]] '''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:CalaverasTreeTunnel1.jpg|300px|center]] <span style="text-align:left;>The '''Pioneer Cabin Tree''', also known as The Tunnel Tree, was a giant sequoia in Calaveras Big Trees State Park, California. It was considered one of the U.S.'s most famous trees, and drew thousands of visitors annually. It was estimated to have been more than 1,000 years old, and measured 33 feet (10 m) in diameter; its exact age and height were not known. The tree was topped before 1859. It fell and shattered during a storm on January 8, 2017</span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:३७, १८ सेप्टेम्बर २०१७ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=17231886 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2017-39 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Batesian mimicry]] '''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Batesplate ArM.jpg|300px|center]] <span style="text-align:left;>'''Batesian mimicry''' is a form of mimicry where a harmless species has evolved to imitate the warning signals of a harmful species directed at a predator of them both. It is named after the English naturalist Henry Walter Bates, after his work on butterflies in the rainforests of Brazil.</span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ००:३६, २५ सेप्टेम्बर २०१७ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=17231886 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2017-42 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:History of candle making]] '''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:K&M Candles Brockholes UK, 1972 (RLH), Hand Operated Candle Machines 03.jpg|300px|center]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Candle making''' was developed independently in many places throughout history. Candles were made by the Romans beginning about 500 BC. These were true dipped candles and made from tallow. Evidence for candles made from whale fat in China dates back to the Qin Dynasty (221–206 BC). In India, wax from boiling cinnamon was used for temple candles. In parts of Europe, the Middle-East and Africa, where lamp oil made from olives was readily available, candle making remained unknown until the early middle-ages. Candles were primarily made from tallow and beeswax in ancient times, but have been made from spermaceti, purified animal fats (stearin) and paraffin wax in recent centuries. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:०५, १६ अक्टोबर २०१७ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=17281524 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2017-43 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Jagiellonian tapestries]] '''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Tapestry with the royal monogram of Žygimantas Augustas (King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania), circa 1555.jpg|300px|center]] <span style="text-align:left;> The '''Jagiellonian tapestries''' are a collection of tapestries woven in the Netherlands and Flanders, which originally consisted of 365 pieces assembled by the Jagiellons to decorate the interiors of the royal residence Wawel Castle. It is also known as the Wawel arrasses, as the majority of the preserved fabrics is in the possession of the Wawel Castle Museum and the French city of Arras was a large center of manufacturing of this kind of wall decoration in the beginning of the 16th century. The collection become a state property of the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland according to the will of Sigismund II Augustus. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:११, २३ अक्टोबर २०१७ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=17281524 --> == विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०१७ == <div style="margin-right:1em; float:right;">[[File:Sun Wiki.svg|150px|center|link=]]</div> '''[[विकिपिडिया:विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०१७|विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना]]''' एक अनलाइन सम्पादन-थन प्रतियोगिता हो जसले एसियाली राष्ट्रहरूका विकिपिडिया समुदायहरू बिच समझदारी बढाउने उद्देश्यका साथ सञ्चालन गर्न थालिएको हो । अघिल्लो वर्षहरूमा झै यस वर्ष पनि नोभेम्बर २०१७ महिना भरि यो प्रतियोगिता सञ्चालन हुने हुँदा सम्पूर्ण सम्पादक मित्रहरूलाई यसमा सहभागिता जनाउन साथै कुनै सुझाव भए छलफलमा सहभागी भई दिनु हुन अनुरोध गर्दछु । छलफलमा सहभागी हुन '''[[विकिपीडिया:चौतारी (प्रस्ताव)|यस पृष्ठ]]'''मा जानुहोस् ।<br/><br/> कार्यक्रमा सहभागी हुन {{Clickable button 2|सहभागी हुने|url={{fullurl:विकिपिडिया:विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०१७/सहभागीहरू}} |class=mw-ui-progressive}} मा जानुहोस् । <!-- Message sent by User:Nirjal stha@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Nirjal_stha/list&oldid=599602 --> == विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०१७ == विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिनामा तपाईलाई स्वागत छ ! <div style="margin-right:1em; float:right;">[[File:WAM 2017 Banner-ne.svg|450px|center|link=]]</div>'''[[विकिपिडिया:विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०१७|विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना]]'''को शुरूवात भई सकेकोछ । यो प्रतियोगिता नोभेम्बर महिना भरि चल्ने छ । यस प्रतियोगिता सम्बन्धी केही तथ्यहरू यस प्रकार छ । # तपाईले तयार गर्नु भएको लेखहरू यस '''[https://tools.wmflabs.org/fountain/editathons/ उपकरण]''' मार्फत पेश गर्नुहोस । यसको लागी उक्त उपकरणमा गई कृपया लग इन वटन थिच्नुहोस र OAuth ले बाँकी सबै कार्य गर्नेछ । तपाईले आफ्नो इन्टरफेसको भाषा माथि दाँयाबाट परिवर्तन पनि गर्न सक्नु हुनेछ । # तपाईले आफ्नो लेख पेश गरे पश्चात यस उपकरणले लेखमा आयोजकहरूबाट पुनरावलोकनको लागी एउटा ढाँचा थप गर्ने छ । तपाईले आफ्नो प्रगती यसै उपकरण मार्फत जाँच गर्न सक्नु हुनेछ । # तपाईले आफ्नो योगदानको आधारमा यस कार्यक्रमको अन्त्यमा रिवार्ड प्राप्त गर्नु हुनेछ । यस सम्बन्धी नियमहरूको जानकारीको लागि समुदायको विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना पृष्ठमा हेर्नुहोस् । सामान्यतया # * यदि तपाईको ४ लेखहरू स्विकृत भएको खण्डमा विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना पोस्टकार्ड प्राप्त गर्नु हुनेछ । # * यदि तपाईले १५ वटा स्विकारयोग्य लेख बनाउनु भएको खण्डमा विशेष पोस्टकार्ड प्राप्त गर्नु हुनेछ । # * यदि नेपाली विकिपिडियामा सर्वाधिक स्विकारयोग्य लेख तयार गर्ने विकिपिडियनलाई "विकिपिडिया एसियाली राजदुत"को रूपमा सम्मान गरिनेछ र निजलाई पोस्टकार्डको अलावा हस्तारक्ष भएको प्रमाणपत्र समेत प्रदान गरिनेछ । # यदि तपाईले औजारको पहुँचमा समस्या भएमा तपाईले यस पृष्ठमा रहेको तपाईको प्रयोगकर्ता नामसँग पेश गर्न सक्नु हुनेछ । # यदि तपाईका कुनै प्रश्न भए, तपाईले हाम्रो '''[[विकिपिडिया:विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना/प्रश्नउत्तर|प्रश्न तथा जबाफ]]''' पृष्ठ हेर्न सक्नुहुनेछ वा [[विकिपिडिया:विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०१७|विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना]]को [[वार्तालाप:विकिपिडिया:विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०१७|वार्ता]] पृष्ठमा राख्न सक्नु हुनेछ । <!-- Message sent by User:Nirjal stha@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Nirjal_stha/wam_list&oldid=623305 --> == Malah == Khai k karanle malah page metaunu vayo {{SUBST:SUSBT:Umesh Lal Das}} ००:०५, ५ नोभेम्बर २०१७ (युटिसी(UTC)) == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2017-45 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:SS Archimedes]] '''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:SS Archimedes by Huggins cropped.jpg|300px|center]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''SS Archimedes''' was a steamship built in Britain in 1839. She is notable for being the world's first steamship to be driven by a screw propeller. Archimedes had considerable influence on ship development, encouraging the adoption of screw propulsion by the Royal Navy, in addition to her influence on commercial vessels. She also had a direct influence on the design of another innovative vessel, Isambard Kingdom Brunel's SS Great Britain, then the world's largest ship and the first screw-propelled steamship to cross the Atlantic Ocean. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:०२, ६ नोभेम्बर २०१७ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=17281524 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2017-46 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:LGBT rights in Egypt]] '''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Egypt (orthographic projection).svg|300px|center]] <span style="text-align:left;> Lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) persons in Egypt face legal challenges not experienced by non-LGBT residents. According to 2013 survey by the Pew Research Center, 95% of Egyptians believe that homosexuality should not be accepted by society. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ००:५२, १३ नोभेम्बर २०१७ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=17281524 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2017-47 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Viking raid on Seville]] '''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- <span style="text-align:left;> The '''Viking raid on Seville''', then part of the Umayyad Emirate of Córdoba, took place in 844. After raiding the coasts of what are now Spain and Portugal, a Viking fleet arrived in Seville through the Guadalquivir on 25 September, and took the city on 1 or 3 October. The Vikings pillaged the city and the surrounding areas. Emir Abd ar-Rahman II of Córdoba mobilised and sent a large force against the Vikings under the command of the hajib (chief-minister) Isa ibn Shuhayd. After a series of indecisive engagements, the Muslim army defeated the Vikings on either 11 or 17 November. Seville was retaken, and the remnants of the Vikings fled Spain. After the raid, the Muslims raised new troops and built more ships and other military equipment to protect the coast. The quick military response in 844 and the subsequent defensive improvements discouraged further attacks by the Vikings. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:२८, २० नोभेम्बर २०१७ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=17436520 --> == विकी कार्यशाला-नेपाल == [[File:Wiki Workshop-Nepal.svg|center|400px]] नमस्ते {{PAGENAME}} ज्यू,<br> समुदायको विकासको लागि [[विकिपिडिया:विकी कार्यशाला-नेपाल|विकी कार्यशाला-नेपाल]] प्रस्ताव गरिएको छ । तपाईलाई यस [[वार्तालाप:विकिपिडिया:विकी कार्यशाला-नेपाल|छलफल]]मा भाग लिन अनुरोध गरिन्छ ।--[[User:Biplab Anand|Biplab Anand]] १४:५३, २१ नोभेम्बर २०१७ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=624788 --> == [[विकिपीडिया:प्रबन्धक अधिकारको लागि निवेदन#Pitambar_Bhattarai|प्रबन्धक अधिकारको लागि निवेदन]] == Learnerktm, मलाई [https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BF_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A8#Pitambar_Bhattarai यहाँ] गएर प्रबन्धक अधिकारको लागि समर्थन गरी दिनुहुनको लागि अनुरोध गर्दछु । '''धन्यवाद ! {{Smiley}}''' - [[User:Pitambar Bhattarai|Pitambar Bhattarai]] ([[User talk:Pitambar Bhattarai|कुरा गर्ने]]) ११:४६, २२ नोभेम्बर २०१७ (युटिसी(UTC)) == डेटाथन २०१७ == नमस्ते {{PAGENAME}} ज्यू,<br> <div style="margin-right:1em; float:right;">[[File:Datathon Logo-Nepali.png|150px|center|link=]]</div> '''[[विकिपिडिया:डेटाथन २०१७|डेटाथन २०१७]]''' विकिपिडियाको भातृयोजना विकिडेटालाई लक्षित गरी सञ्चालन गर्न लागिएको एक अनलाइन प्रतियोगिता हो । यस प्रतियोगिताको प्रथम संस्करण सन् २०१५ मा आयोजना गरिएको थियो । यस वर्षको डेटाथन प्रतियोगिताको मुख्य उद्देश्य नेपालको संविधानसभा निर्वाचन २०७० मा विजयी सभासदहरूको विवरणलाई विकिडेटामा सङ्ग्रह गर्नु रहेको छ । यो एक दिने अनलाइन प्रतियोगितामा सहभागिता जनाउन अनुरोध गर्दछौं । कार्यक्रमा सहभागी हुन [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSeMGtunTps0FSqCI68UfwP6eab9q3eSTttvYOiNhEnBnVRv7g/viewform आवेदन फारम] पेश गर्नुहोस् ।- '''प्रतियोगिता आयोजक समूह''' <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=625735 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2017-49 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Warburg hypothesis]] '''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- <span style="text-align:left;> The '''Warburg hypothesis''', sometimes known as the '''Warburg theory of cancer''', postulates that the driver of tumorigenesis is an insufficient cellular respiration caused by damaged mitochondria. The term Warburg effect describes the observation that cancer cells, and many cells grown in-vitro, exhibit glucose fermentation even when enough oxygen is present to properly respire. In other words, instead of fully respiring in the presence of adequate oxygen, cancer cells ferment. The Warburg hypothesis was that the Warburg effect was the root cause of cancer. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ००:४५, ४ डिसेम्बर २०१७ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=17436520 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2017-50 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Sardine run]] '''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Sardines - 鰯(いわし).jpg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> The '''sardine run''' of southern Africa occurs from May through July when billions of sardines – or more specifically the Southern African pilchard Sardinops sagax – spawn in the cool waters of the Agulhas Bank and move northward along the east coast of South Africa. Their sheer numbers create a feeding frenzy along the coastline. The run, containing millions of individual sardines, occurs when a current of cold water heads north from the Agulhas Bank up to Mozambique where it then leaves the coastline and goes further east into the Indian Ocean. In terms of biomass, researchers estimate the sardine run could rival East Africa's great wildebeest migration. However, little is known of the phenomenon. It is believed that the water temperature has to drop below 21 °C in order for the migration to take place. In 2003, the sardines failed to 'run' for the third time in 23 years. While 2005 saw a good run, 2006 marked another non-run. The shoals are often more than 7 km long, 1.5 km wide and 30 metres deep and are clearly visible from spotter planes or from the surface. Sardines group together when they are threatened. This instinctual behaviour is a defence mechanism, as lone individuals are more likely to be eaten than large groups. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:०६, ११ डिसेम्बर २०१७ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=17436520 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2017-51 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Rooh Afza]] '''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Afza Syrup (Lal sharbat).JPG|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Rooh Afza '''is a non-alcoholic concentrated squash. It was formulated in 1906 in Ghaziabad, British India and is still manufactured and popular in Pakistan, Bangladesh and India. The recipe of Rooh Afza combines several ingredients popularly believed to be cooling agents, such as rose, which is used as a remedy for loo (the hot summer winds of Northern India, Pakistan and Bangladesh). The drink is commonly associated with the month of Ramadan, in which it is usually consumed during iftar. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:०५, १८ डिसेम्बर २०१७ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=17540360 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2017-52 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[en:Fourth dimension in art]] '''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Jouffret.gif|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> New possibilities opened up by the concept of four-dimensional space (and difficulties involved in trying to visualize it) helped inspire many modern artists in the first half of the twentieth century. Early Cubists, Surrealists, Futurists, and abstract artists took ideas from higher-dimensional mathematics and used them to radically advance their work. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:०२, २५ डिसेम्बर २०१७ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=17566759 --> == WAM Address Collection == Congratulations! You have more than 4 accepted articles in Wikipedia Asian Month! Please submit your postal mailing address via '''[https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdvj_9tlmfum9MkRx3ty1sJPZGXHBtTghJXXXiOVs-O_oaUbw/viewform?usp=sf_link Google form]''' or email me about that on erick@asianmonth.wiki before the end of Janauary, 2018. The Wikimedia Asian Month team only has access to this form, and we will only share your address with local affiliates to send postcards. All personal data will be destroyed immediately after postcards are sent. Please contact your local organizers if you have any question. We apologize for the delay in sending this form to you, this year we will make sure that you will receive your postcard from WAM. If you've not received a postcard from last year's WAM, Please let us know. All ambassadors will receive an electronic certificate from the team. Be sure to fill out your email if you are enlisted [[:m:Wikipedia_Asian_Month/2017_Ambassadors|Ambassadors list]]. Best, [[:m:User:fantasticfears|Erick Guan]] ([[m:User talk:fantasticfears|talk]]) <!-- Message sent by User:Fantasticfears@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Fantasticfears/mass/WAM_2017&oldid=17583922 --> == WAM Address Collection - 1st reminder == Hi there. This is a reminder to fill the address collection. Sorry for the inconvenience if you did submit the form before. If you still wish to receive the postcard from Wikipedia Asian Month, please submit your postal mailing address via '''[https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdvj_9tlmfum9MkRx3ty1sJPZGXHBtTghJXXXiOVs-O_oaUbw/viewform this Google form]'''. This form is only accessed by WAM international team. All personal data will be destroyed immediately after postcards are sent. If you have problems in accessing the google form, you can use [[:m:Special:EmailUser/Saileshpat|Email This User]] to send your address to my Email. If you do not wish to share your personal information and do not want to receive the postcard, please let us know at [[:m:Talk:Wikipedia_Asian_Month_2017|WAM talk page]] so I will not keep sending reminders to you. Best, [[:m:User:Saileshpat|Sailesh Patnaik]] <!-- Message sent by User:Saileshpat@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Fantasticfears/mass/WAM_2017&oldid=17583922 --> == Confusion in the previous message- WAM == Hello again, I believe the earlier message has created some confusion. If you have already submitted the details in the Google form, '''it has been accepted''', you don't need to submit it again. The earlier reminder is for those who haven't yet submitted their Google form or if they any alternate way to provide their address. I apologize for creating the confusion. Thanks-[[:m:User:Saileshpat|Sailesh Patnaik]] <!-- Message sent by User:Saileshpat@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Fantasticfears/mass/WAM_2017&oldid=17583922 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2018-2 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Ambasse bey]] '''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:TamTam.jpg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> A style of folk music and dance from Cameroon. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ००:५०, ८ जनवरी २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=17613521 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2018-3 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Ruellia tuberosa]] '''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Ruellia tuberosa 03532.jpg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''''Ruellia tuberosa''''', is a species of flowering plant in the Acanthaceae family. Its native range is in Central America but presently it has become naturalized in many countries of tropical South and Southeast Asia. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ००:५६, १५ जनवरी २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=17639911 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2018-4 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Blue laser]] '''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Blacklaser2.jpg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> A '''blue laser''' is a laser that emits electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength between 360 and 480 nanometres, which the human eye sees as blue or violet. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:36, 22 January 2018 (UTC)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=17659204 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2018-5 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Rock relief]] '''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:20101229 Naqsh e Rostam Shiraz Iran more Panoramic.jpg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> A '''rock relief''' or '''rock-cut relief''' is a relief sculpture carved on solid or "living rock" such as a cliff, rather than a detached piece of stone. They are a category of rock art, and sometimes found as part of, or in conjunction with, rock-cut architecture </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ००:४४, २९ जनवरी २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=17678943 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2018-6 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Rice paddy art]] '''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Sengoku busho of rice field art.JPG|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Rice paddy art''' (田んぼアート ''tambo āto'') is an art form originating in Japan where people plant rice of various types and colors to create a giant pictures in a paddy field </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ००:३९, ५ फेब्रुअरी २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=17707257 --> == प्राविधिक परिवर्तनहरू सम्वन्धित वार्ता == '''नमस्ते सम्पादकज्यू !'''<br /> प्राविधिक परिवर्तनहरू सम्वन्धित वार्तामा आफ्नो विचार राखिदिन हुन अनुरोध गर्दछु । कृपया [[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी_(प्राविधिक)#Technical_changes_needed|यहाँ हेर्नुहोस्]] । धन्यवाद ! — [[प्रयोगकर्ता:Tulsi|<font color="#3333ff"><font face="Cursive">'''तुल्सी भगत'''</font></font>]] <small>([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:Tulsi|<font color="#3333ff"><font face="Cursive">वार्तालाप</font></font>]])</small> ०९:१२, ९ फेब्रुअरी २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Tulsi Bhagat@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Tulsi_Bhagat/Mass_Message_Users_List&oldid=632305 --> == विकिपरियोजना डेटाथन २०१८ == <div style="border: solid 1px #333; border-radius: 0.2em; box-shadow: 0 4px 4px #999; margin-bottom: 1.5em; display: table; width: 100%; height: 125px; line-height: 1.2; text-align: center; cursor: pointer;"> <div style="display: table-cell; vertical-align: middle;"><imagemap>File:Datathon_Logo-Nepali.png|110px| rect 34 80 1500 1500 [[विकिपिडिया:डेटाथन २०१८|विकिपरियोजना डेटाथन]] desc none </imagemap></div> <div style="display: table-cell; vertical-align: middle;"> <p style="font-size: 1.15em;">नेपाली विकिपिडियामा फाल्गुन १, २०७४ देखि फाल्गुन ३०, २०७४ सम्म [[विकिपिडिया:डेटाथन २०१८|विकिपरियोजना डेटाथन]] प्रतियोगिता १ महिनाभरिको लागि सञ्चालन भइरहेको छ । यहाँको अमूल्य योगदानको लागि हार्दिक निमन्त्रणा गर्दछौँ र सहभागीताको लागि '''[https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScYCCQlRB4IXG97JG1gO9QJREy2IIxZYcCqnNbJL7AJ8yKqdw/viewform यस फारममा]''' आफ्नो नाम दर्ता गर्न हार्दिक अनुरोध गर्दछौँ । आवेदन दर्ता बन्द मिति ७ फागुन, २०७४ मा हुने छ । यस कारण छिटै दर्ता गर्नुहोस् । धन्यवाद !</p><p> <span class="mw-ui-button mw-ui-progressive">[[विकिपिडिया:डेटाथन २०१८|<span style="color:white">अझ थप जानकारी...</span>]]</span> </div></p> <div style="display: table-cell; vertical-align: middle;">[[File:Wikipedia-logo-v2-ne.png|125px|right]]</div></div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) १०:०३, १५ फेब्रुअरी २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC)) प्रयोग गरी पठाइयो । — [[प्रयोगकर्ता:Tulsi|<font color="#3333ff"><font face="Cursive">'''तुल्सी भगत'''</font></font>]] <small>([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:Tulsi|<font color="#3333ff"><font face="Cursive">वार्तालाप</font></font>]])</small>, '''[[:meta:Wikimedia Nepal|विकिमिडिया नेपाल]]''' <!-- Message sent by User:Tulsi Bhagat@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Tulsi_Bhagat/Mass_Message_Users_List&oldid=632563 --> == अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय मातृभाषा दिवस सम्पादनथन प्रतियोगिता == [[File:Mother Language Day Edit-a-thon Logo.svg|thumb|right|मातृभाषा सम्पादनथन लोगो]] नमस्ते नेपाली विकिपिडियन साथीहरू,<br> [[अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय मातृभाषा दिवस]]को उपलक्ष्यमा नेपाली विकिपिडियामा ३ दिने (२१ फेब्रुअरी देखि २३ फेब्रुअरी सम्मका लागि) सम्पादनथन प्रतियोगिता सञ्चालन गर्नका लागि मैले समुदाय समक्ष [https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_(%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5)#%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE चौतारी]मा एउटा प्रस्ताव प्रस्तुत गरेको छु । यस प्रतियोगिता अवधिमा विश्वका भाषा, भाषा परिवारसँग सम्बन्धित लेख निर्माण गरिनेछ । कृपया यस प्रस्तावमाथि आ-आफ्नो मत राख्नुहोला । धन्यवाद --[[User:Biplab Anand|Biplab Anand]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता_वार्ता:Biplab_Anand|वार्ता]]) <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=632779 --> == मातृभाषा सम्पादनथन प्रतियोगिता == [[File:Mother Language Day Edit-a-thon Logo.svg|thumb|right]] नमस्ते नेपाली विकिपिडियन साथी,<br> कृपया नेपाली विकिपिडियामा हुन गइरहेको [[विकिपिडिया:मातृभाषा सम्पादनथन]] प्रतियोगितामा आफ्नो [[विकिपिडिया:मातृभाषा सम्पादनथन/सहभागीहरू|सहभागिता]] जनाउनुहोस् । धन्यवाद --आयोजक समितिको तर्फबाट [[User:Biplab Anand|Biplab Anand]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता_वार्ता:Biplab_Anand|वार्ता]]) <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=632779 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2018-9 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Owens Valley]] '''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Owens River from tableland-750px.jpg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Owens Valley''' is the arid valley of the Owens River in eastern California in the United States, to the east of the Sierra Nevada and west of the White Mountains and Inyo Mountains on the west edge of the Great Basin section. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ००:५९, २६ फेब्रुअरी २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=17707257 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2018-10 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Adi Roche]] '''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- <span style="text-align:left;> '''Adi Roche''' (born 1955, Clonmel, County Tipperary, Ireland) is a campaigner for peace, humanitarian aid and education, who has focused on the relief of suffering experienced by children in the wake of the 1986 Chernobyl nuclear disaster. She is the voluntary chief executive of Irish-based charity Chernobyl Children International. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ००:५७, ५ मार्च २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=17707257 --> == विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०१८ == <div style="border: solid 1px #333; border-radius: 0.2em; box-shadow: 0 4px 4px #999; margin-bottom: 1.5em; display: table; width: 100%; height: 125px; line-height: 1.2; text-align: center; cursor: pointer;"> <div style="display: table-cell; vertical-align: middle;"><imagemap>File:Wiki Women-Nepal 2015.png|110px| rect 34 80 1500 1500 [[विकिपिडिया:विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०१८|विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०१८]] desc none </imagemap></div> <div style="display: table-cell; vertical-align: middle;"> [[File:Wikipedia-logo-v2-ne .svg|110px|right]] <p style="font-size: 1.15em;"> नमस्ते नेपाली विकिपिडियन साथी, अन्तराष्ट्रिय नारी दिवसको अवसर पारी नेपाली विकिपिडियामा मार्च ८, २०१८ देखि अप्रिल ८, २०१८ सम्म नारी सम्मानमा समर्पित [[विकिपिडिया:विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०१८|विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०१८]] प्रतियोगिता संचालन भइरहेको छ, सहभागी हुनका लागि '''[[विकिपिडिया:विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०१८/सहभागीहरू|सहभागीताको लागि आवेदन फारम]]''' भर्न हुन हार्दिक अनुरोध गर्दछौ ।<p> <span class="mw-ui-button mw-ui-progressive">[[विकिपिडिया:विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०१८|<span style="color:white">अझ थप जानकारी...</span>]]</span> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Nabin K. Sapkota@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Nabin_K._Sapkota/Mass_Message_Users_List&oldid=634073 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2018-11 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Pilanesberg Game Reserve]] '''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Pilansberg 151.jpg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> The '''Pilanesberg Game Reserve''' is located north of Rustenburg in North West Province in South Africa. The park borders with the entertainment complex Sun City. The park is currently administered by the North West Parks and Tourism Board. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:०७, १२ मार्च २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=17818259 --> == विकी कार्यशाला नेपाल २०१८| समितिको लागि आवेदन आह्वान == {|style="margin: auto; align:center; border-style: solid; border-width: 3px; border-color:#0000ff; color: #000000; background-color:#fce4f5;" cellpadding="10" |<center>[[File:Wikicamp Nepal 2018 logo v1.0.svg|110px|right|विकी कार्यशाला नेपाल २०१८]]</center> '''[[विकिपिडिया:विकी कार्यशाला-नेपाल|विकी कार्यशाला नेपाल २०१८]]''' सफलतापूर्वक आयोजना गर्नका लागि महत्वपूर्ण समितिहरू बनाइएको जानकारी गराउन चाहन्छौं । समितिमा रही योगदान दिन चाहने इक्षुक सदस्यले यो [[:m:Wikicamp Nepal 2018/Team|पृष्ठ]]मा गई समितिको सदस्यताको लागि चाहिने अनुभव र कार्य हेर्न सक्नेछन् । कृपया यो [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScicGfw2g-RGgyFGphHhRaNGja6g-hd-LMzU-fswtSR-CRycg/viewform?usp=sf_link लिङ्क] खोली सदस्यताको लागि आवेदन दिनुहोस् । आवदेन फर्म भर्ने अन्तिम दिन २०१८ मार्च ३१ रहेको छ । थप जानकारीको लागि यो [[:m:Wikicamp Nepal 2018|पृष्ठ]] हेर्न अनुरोध गर्दछौं ।-- आयोजन समितिको तर्फबाट [[User:Biplab Anand|बिप्लब आनन्द]] |} <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=632779 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2018-12 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Tape head cleaner]] '''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- <span style="text-align:left;> A '''tape head cleaner''' is a substance used for cleaning the record/playback heads of a magnetic tape drive (such as in a video tape machine, or audio tape machine). </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ००:५०, १९ मार्च २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=17840335 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2018-13 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Luminous red nova]] '''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:V838 Mon HST.jpg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> A '''luminous red nova''' is a stellar explosion thought to be caused by the merging of two stars. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:५२, २६ मार्च २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=17863191 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2018-14 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:History of hearing aids]] '''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Madame de Meuron.jpg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> The first hearing aid was created in the 17th century. The movement toward modern hearing aids began with the creation of the telephone, and the first electric hearing aid was created in 1898. By the late 20th century, the digital hearing aid was distributed to the public commercially. Some of the first hearing aids were external hearing aids. External hearing aids directed sounds in front of the ear and blocked all other noises. The apparatus would fit behind or in the ear. The invention of the carbon microphone, transmitters, digital signal processing chip or DSP, and the development of computer technology helped transform the hearing aid to its present form. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ००:५०, २ अप्रिल २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=17887888 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2018-16 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Royal Observatory, Cape of Good Hope]] '''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Aerial view of McClean telescope building.jpg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> The '''Royal Observatory, Cape of Good Hope''', is the oldest continuously existing scientific institution in South Africa. Founded by the British Cape Colony in 1820, it now forms the headquarters building of the South African Astronomical Observatory. The institution was located on a small hill 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) south-east from the centre of Cape Town. Over the following century a suburb of the city grew up in the area; the suburb was named Observatory after the pre-existing Royal Observatory. It has also been the subject of an ICOMOS/IAU Case Study for World Heritage Site. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:१९, १६ अप्रिल २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=17887888 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2018-17 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Signalling theory]] '''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- <span style="text-align:left;> Within evolutionary biology, '''signalling theory''' is a body of theoretical work examining communication between individuals, both within species and across species. The central question is when organisms with conflicting interests, such as in sexual selection, should be expected to provide honest signals (no presumption being made of conscious intention) rather than cheating. Mathematical models describe how signalling can contribute to an evolutionarily stable strategy. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:१९, २३ अप्रिल २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=17960035 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2018-19 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Automimicry]] '''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Chaetodon capistratus2.jpg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> In zoology, '''automimicry''' is a form of mimicry in which the same species of animal is imitated. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:०३, ७ मे २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=17991441 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2018-20 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:fr:Usine Areva Malvési]] '''</span><br /> <small>''([[:en:Malvesi]]) ([[:es:Malvési]]) ''</small> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Entrée usine areva malvesi.JPG|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> The '''Malvesi uranium processing plant''', a uranium refinery and conversion facility, is located in the Malvezy industrial area near the city of [[Narbonne]] in the south of France. The plant has a average capacity of about 14,000 tU as [[uranium tetrafluoride]] per year, and project to increase its capacity up to 21,000 tU per year. Comurhex, a subsidiary of the French nuclear concern [[Orano]] (former Areva), operate the Malvesi Facility. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:४१, १४ मे २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=18041784 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2018-21 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Makapansgat]] '''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Potgietersrus, South Africa - panoramio (15).jpg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Makapansgat''' (/mɐkɐˈpɐnsxɐt/) (or Makapan Valley world heritage site) is an archaeological location within the Makapansgat and Zwartkrans Valleys, northeast of Mokopane in Limpopo province, South Africa. It is an important palaeontological site, with the local limeworks containing Australopithecus-bearing deposits dating to between 3.0 and 2.6 million years BP. The whole Makapan Valley has been declared a South African Heritage Site. Makapansgat belongs to the Cradle of Humankind </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ००:४१, २१ मे २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=18061147 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2018-23 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Ouzo effect]] '''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Preparing absinthe.jpg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> The '''ouzo effect''' (also louche effect and spontaneous emulsification) is a milky (louche) oil-in-water emulsion that is formed when water is added to ouzo and other anise-flavored liqueurs and spirits, such as pastis, rakı, arak, sambuca and absinthe. Such microemulsions occur with only minimal mixing and are highly stable. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:११, ४ जुन २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=18064562 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2018-24 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Ubsunur Hollow Biosphere Reserve]] '''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Озеро Дус-Холь вечером. Тес-Хемский кожуун.jpg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Ubsunur Hollow Biosphere Preserve''' is a fragile mountain hollow or depression located on the territorial border of Mongolia and the Republic of Tuva in the Russian Federation among the mountains — Tannu-Ola Mountains, and the Altay Mountains region — part of a combination of raised lands and depressions. Here the world's most northern desert meets the world's most southern tundra zone. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:०८, ११ जुन २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=18114911 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2018-26 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Women's March (South Africa)]] '''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- <span style="text-align:left;> '''Women's March''' was a march that took place on 9 August 1956 in Pretoria, South Africa. The marchers' aims were to protest the introduction of the Apartheid pass laws for black women in 1952 and the presentation of a petition to the then Prime Minister J.G. Strijdom. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:००, २५ जुन २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=18133594 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2018-27 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Ant mimicry]] '''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Macroxiphus sp cricket.jpg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Ant mimicry''' or '''myrmecomorphy''' is mimicry of ants by other organisms. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:३२, २ जुलाई २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=18133594 --> == छलफलमा सहभागी हुन अनुरोध! == नमस्ते,<br> नेपाली विकिपिडियाको [[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी|चौतारी]]मा निम्नलिखित विषयहरूमा भइरहेको छलफलमा कृपया आफ्नो मत राखिदिनुहुन अनुरोध गर्दछु ।<br> # [[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी (प्रस्ताव)|लेख र लिगेसी सम्बन्धी छलफल]] # [[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी (प्रस्ताव)| प्रमुख लेख सम्बन्धमा]] # [[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी (प्राविधिक)|सम्भावित अनुलिपि पृष्ठहरू (२)]] # [[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी (प्राविधिक)|क्याट-अ-लट टुल (ग्याजेट स्क्रिप्ट) असक्षम बनाउने सम्बन्धमा]]<br> धन्यवाद--[[User:Biplab Anand|Biplab Anand]] ०४:०५, ३ जुलाई २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=651491 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2018-28 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Missed call]] '''</span><br /> <small>''([[:es:Llamada perdida]]) ([[:fr:Appel manqué]]) ''</small> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Icons8 flat missed call.svg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> A '''missed call''' is a telephone call that is deliberately terminated by the caller before being answered by its intended recipient, in order to communicate a pre-agreed message. It is a form of one-bit messaging.<br>Missed calls are common in emerging markets where mobile phones with limited outgoing calls are widely-used; as the call is not actually completed and connected, it does not carry a cost to the caller, hence they can conserve their remaining prepaid credit. Specific patterns of consecutive missed calls have been developed in some countries to denote specific messages. Missed calls are also referred to in some parts of Africa as beeping, memancing (fishing) in Indonesia, flashing in Nigeria, a flashcall in Pakistan, and a miskol in the Philippines. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:०६, ९ जुलाई २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=18133594 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2018-29 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Jane Horney]] '''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Jane Horney 1940.jpg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''"Jane" Ebba Charlotta Horney''' (married Granberg), (8 July 1918 – 20 January 1945) was a Swedish woman, believed to have spied in Denmark for the benefit of Nazi Germany, and to have been killed by the Danish resistance movement on a fishing boat at Øresund, but it has never been confirmed for which nation she actually worked. The Gestapo in Denmark believed that she was an agent for the British or Soviet Union, and after World War II it was denied that she had been a Gestapo agent. Abwehr officers likewise denied, when inquired by Säpo (Swedish intelligence), that she had been their agent. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:००, १६ जुलाई २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=18202709 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2018-30 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Evelyn Mase]] '''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Mandela e Evelyn 1944.jpg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Evelyn Mase''' (18 May 1922 – 30 April 2004) was a South African nurse, who was the first wife of the anti-apartheid activist and future politician Nelson Mandela, to whom she was married from 1944 to 1958. She was the mother of four of his children, including Makgatho Mandela and Makaziwe Mandela. She met Mandela through her cousin Walter Sisulu and his wife Albertina, subsequently marrying him at the Native Commissioner's Court. Living together as a family in Soweto, they raised four children. However, their relationship came under strain as Mandela became increasingly involved in the African National Congress. Eschewing politics, she became a Jehovah's Witness. Accusing him of adultery, they divorced in 1958, and he went on to marry Winnie Mandela that year. Taking the children, she moved to Cofimvaba and opened a grocery store, but appeared in the South African press when Mandela was released. In 1998 she married a Sowetan businessman Simon Rakeepile. Her funeral attracted international attention, being attended by Mandela, Winnie, and Mandela's third wife, Graça Machel. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:२७, २३ जुलाई २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=18202709 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2018-31 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Sex strike]] '''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:FEMEN Calls for Sex-Boycott.jpg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> A '''sex strike''', sometimes called a sex boycott, is a strike, a method of non-violent resistance in which one or multiple persons refrain from sex with their partner(s) to achieve certain goals. It is a form of temporary sexual abstinence. Sex strikes have been used to protest many issues, from war to gang violence. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:०४, ३० जुलाई २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=18242764 --> == उल्था गर्नुपर्ने लेखहरू बारे == '''नमस्कार मित्र !''' <br /> उल्था गर्नुपर्ने लेखहरू बारे चौतारीमा भई रहेको छलफलमा [[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी_(विविध)#उल्था_गर्नुपर्ने_लेखहरू_बारे|यहाँ गई]] आफ्नो विचार राखिदिन अनुरोध गर्दछु । धन्यवाद ! --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) ०९:३६, ३ अगस्त २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Tulsi Bhagat@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Tulsi_Bhagat/Mass_Message_Users_List&oldid=662547 --> == साइडबारमा गृह पृष्ठ रहेको सम्बन्धि == '''नमस्ते मित्र !''' <br /> साइडबारमा गृह पृष्ठ रहेको सम्बन्धित चौतारीमा भई रहेको छलफलमा [[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी_(विविध)#साइडबारमा_गृह_पृष्ठ_रहेको_सम्बन्धित|यहाँ गई]] आफ्नो विचार राखिदिन अनुरोध गर्द छु । '''धन्यवाद !''' --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) ०९:२७, ४ अगस्त २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Tulsi Bhagat@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Tulsi_Bhagat/Mass_Message_Users_List&oldid=662547 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2018-32 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Vinkensport]] '''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Vinkensport, Deinze 03.JPG|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Vinkensport''' (Dutch for "finch sport") is a competitive animal sport in which male common chaffinches are made to compete for the highest number of bird calls in an hour. Also called vinkenzetting ("finch sitting"), it is primarily active in the Dutch-speaking region of Flanders in Belgium. Vinkensport traces its origins to competitions held by Flemish merchants in 1596, and is considered part of traditional Flemish culture. As of 2007, it was estimated that there are over 13,000 enthusiasts, called vinkeniers ("finchers"), breeding 10,000 birds every year. Animal rights activists have opposed the sport for much of its history. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:०२, ६ अगस्त २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=18254076 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2018-33 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2018 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:es:Fileteado]]'''</span><br /> <small>''([[:en:Fileteado]]) ''</small> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Fileteado puro.jpg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> Filleting is an artistic style of painting and drawing typically porteño, characterized by lines that become spiraling, strong colors, the recurrent use of symmetry, three-dimensional effects through shadows and perspectives, and an overloaded use of the surface. Its decorative repertoire includes mainly stylizations of leaves, animals, cornucopia, flowers, flags, and precious stones. In December 2015, it was declared intangible cultural heritage of humanity by the Intergovernmental Committee for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity of UNESCO. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:५७, १३ अगस्त २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=18254076 --> == खुला-स्रोत टिकट अनुरोध प्रणाली == '''नमस्ते !'''<br /> [[:m:OTRS|खुला-स्रोत टिकट अनुरोध प्रणाली]] विषय सम्बन्धमा चौतारीमा भई रहेको छलफलमा [[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी_(विविध)#खुला-स्रोत_टिकट_अनुरोध_प्रणाली|यहाँ गई]] आफ्नो विचार राखिदिन अनुरोध गर्दछु । '''धन्यवाद !''' --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) २३:४४, १७ अगस्त २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Tulsi Bhagat@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Tulsi_Bhagat/Mass_Message_Users_List&oldid=662547 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2018-34 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2018 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Albanian iso-polyphony]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:A traditional male folk group from Skrapar.JPG|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Albanian iso-polyphony''' is a traditional part of Albanian folk music and, as such, is included in UNESCO's intangible cultural heritage list </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:५०, २० अगस्त २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=18299062 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2018-35 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2018 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Ice algae]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Thurber algae.jpg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Ice algae''' are any of the various types of algal communities found in annual and multi-year sea or terrestrial ice. On sea ice in polar regions of the oceans, ice algae communities play an important role in primary production. The timing of blooms of the algae is especially important for supporting higher trophic levels at times of the year when light is low and ice cover still exists. Sea ice algal communities are mostly concentrated in the bottom layer of the ice, but can also occur in brine channels within the ice, in melt ponds, and on the surface. Because terrestrial ice algae occur in freshwater systems, the species composition differs greatly from that of sea ice algae. These communities are significant in that they often change the color of glaciers and ice sheets, impacting the reflectivity of the ice itself. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:४०, २७ अगस्त २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=18299062 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2018-36 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2018 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Bati, Ethiopia]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Bati.ogv|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Bati''' is a town in north-central Ethiopia. Located in the Oromia Zone of the Amhara Region (or killoch), east of Dessie this town has a latitude and longitude of 11°11′N 40°1′E with an elevation of 1502 metres above sea level. It is the largest town in Bati woreda. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ००:४१, ३ सेप्टेम्बर २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=18333542 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2018-37 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2018 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Mimicry in plants]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Ophrys apifera flower1.jpg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Mimicry in plants''' is where a plant organism evolves to resemble another organism physically or chemically. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ००:४५, १० सेप्टेम्बर २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=18365069 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2018-38 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2018 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Zhang Shichuan]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Zhang Shichuan.jpg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Zhang Shichuan''' was a Chinese entrepreneur, film director, and film producer, who is considered a founding father of Chinese cinema. He and Zheng Zhengqiu made the first Chinese feature film, The Difficult Couple, in 1913, and cofounded the Mingxing (Star) Film Company in 1922, which became the largest film production company in China under Zhang's leadership. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ००:५०, १७ सेप्टेम्बर २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=18372060 --> == विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०१८ को आयोजकको लागि प्रस्ताव == <div style="margin-right:1em; float:right;">[[File:Wikipedia Asian Month Logo.svg|100px|center|link=]]</div>एसियाली राष्ट्रहरूका विकिपिडिया समुदायहरू बिच समझदारी बढाउने उद्देश्यका साथ नोभेम्बरमा आयोजना हुने अनलाईन सम्पादन-थन '''विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना''' को २०१८ को संस्करण कार्यक्रमको लागि आयोजकको लागि प्रस्ताव खुला गरिएकोले इच्छुक सम्पादकहरूले '''[[विकिपिडिया:विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०१८#आयोजकहरू|यहाँ]]''' गई नाम सूचिकृत गराउनु हुन अनुरोध गरिन्छ । [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) १६:१९, ५ अक्टोबर २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Nirjal stha@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Nirjal_stha/list&oldid=676414 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2018-41 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2018 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Maria Kristina Kiellström]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:The steps on Skeppsbro etching by Elias Martin detail.jpg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Maria Kristina Kiellström''' (15 June 1744 – 20 January 1798), known as Maja Stina, was a Swedish silk worker and alleged prostitute. She inspired the songwriter and performer Carl Michael Bellman to create a major character in his Fredman's Epistles (songs), the demimonde prostitute or Rococo "nymph" Ulla Winblad. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:२९, ८ अक्टोबर २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=18426497 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2018-42 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2018 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Gustav III of Sweden's coffee experiment]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:1746 Gustav.JPG|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Gustav III of Sweden's coffee experiment''' was a twin study ordered by the king to study the health effects of coffee. Although the authenticity of the event has been questioned, the experiment, which was conducted in the second half of the 18th century, failed to prove that coffee was a dangerous beverage. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०२:०१, १५ अक्टोबर २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=18464885 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2018-43 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2018 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Invasion of Åland]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Swedes, Germans, Russians in Åland 1918.jpg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> The '''Invasion of Åland''' was a 1918 military campaign of World War I in the Åland Islands, Finland. The islands occupied by the proto-Soviet Union (Soviet Russia) were first invaded by Kingdom of Sweden in late February and then by the German Empire in early March. The conflict was also related to the Finnish Civil War including minor fighting between the Finnish Whites and the Finnish Reds. As Germany took control over Åland in March 1918, Russian troops were captured and the Swedish troops left the islands by the end of the Finnish Civil War in May. The Germans stayed in Åland until September 1918. The Åland Islands dispute was then turned over to the Paris Peace Conference in 1919 and the League of Nations in 1920. The Åland convention was finally signed in 1921 re-establishing the demilitarised status of Åland as an autonomous part of Finland. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:४६, २२ अक्टोबर २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=18486821 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2018-44 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2018 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Liu Yang (astronaut)]]'''</span><br /> <small>''([[:zh:刘洋 (航天员)]]) ''</small> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:LIU_Yang_CUHK_2012.JPG|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Liu Yang''' (born October 6, 1978) is a Chinese pilot and astronaut who served as a crew member on the space mission Shenzhou 9. On June 16, 2012, Liu became the first Chinese woman in space. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०२:३२, २९ अक्टोबर २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=18525740 --> == [[विकिपिडिया:विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना|विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०१८]]मा सहभागिताको लागी आ == <br clear="all"> <div style="width: 99%; padding:15px; color: #111; {{box-shadow|0|0|6px|rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.55)}} {{border-radius|2px}}"> [[चित्र:Wikipedia Asian Month Logo.svg|right|200px|]] '''[[विकिपिडिया:विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०१८|विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना]]'''मा तपाईलाई स्वागत छ र आज देखि यो कार्यक्रमको शुभारम्भ भई सकेको छ । यस कार्यक्रम सम्बन्धी केही जानकारी देहाय बमोजिम रहेको छ । * तपाईको लेखलाई '''[[toollabs:fountain/editathons/asian-month-2018-ne/add|यस औजार]]''' मार्फत पेश गर्नुहोला । कृपया माथि दाँयाको ''''लगइन''''मा थिच्नुहोला र OAuth ले बाँकी कार्य गर्नेछ । तपाईले इन्टरफेसको भाषालाई समेत माथि दाँयाबाट परिवर्तन गर्न सक्नुहुनेछ । * तपाईले आफ्नो लेख पेश गरे पश्चात उक्त औजारले लेखमा एउटा ढाँचा थप गरि दिनेछ तथा आयोजकहरूले पूनरावलोकनको लागी आवश्यक चिन्ह समेत थप गरि दिनेछ । तपाईले '''[[toollabs:fountain/editathons/asian-month-2018-ne|आफ्नो प्रगती लाई यस औजारको प्रयोगबाट]]''' हेर्न सक्नु हुनेछ, जसले तपाईको कतिवटा स्विकारयोग्य लेखहरू छन् भने देखाउने छ । * सहभागीहरू मध्ये जसको स्विकारयोग्य ४ लेखहरू भएको खण्डमा निजले विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना पोस्टकार्ड प्राप्त गर्नेछन् । यदि तपाईले १५ वटा स्विकारयोग्य लेख बनाउनु भएको खण्डमा विशेष पोस्टकार्ड प्राप्त गर्नु हुनेछ । नेपाली विकिपिडियामा सर्वाधिक स्विकारयोग्य लेख तयार गर्ने विकिपिडियनलाई "विकिपिडिया एसियाली राजदुत"को रूपमा सम्मान गरिनेछ र निजलाई पोस्टकार्डको अलावा हस्तारक्ष भएको प्रमाणपत्र समेत प्रदान गरिनेछ । * यदि तपाईले औजारको पहुँचमा समस्या भएमा तपाईले '''[[विकिपिडिया:विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०१६/सहभागीहरू|यस पृष्ठमा]]''' रहेको तपाईको प्रयोगकर्ता नामसँग पेश गर्न सक्नु हुनेछ । * यदि तपाईका कुनै प्रश्न भए, तपाईले [[विकिपिडिया:विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना/प्रश्नउत्तर|प्रश्न तथा जबाफ]] पृष्ठ हेर्न सक्नुहुनेछ वा विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिनाको वार्ता पृष्ठमा राख्न सक्नु हुनेछ । '''कृपया नोट गर्नु होला १ नोभेम्बर २०१८ देखि ३० नोभेम्बर २०१८ (UTC) सम्म गरिएको सम्पादन मात्र गणना हुने छ ।''' </br> <span style="position: absolute; right: 0px;">आयोजकहरूको तर्फबाट -- [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) १६:००, १ नोभेम्बर २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC))</span> </br> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Nirjal stha@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Nirjal_stha/list&oldid=681744 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2018-45 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2018 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Para-equestrian]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- <span style="text-align:left;> '''Para-equestrian''' is an equestrian sport governed by the International Federation for Equestrian Sports (FEI), and includes two competitive events: One is para-equestrian dressage, which is conducted under the same basic rules as conventional dressage, but with riders divided into different competition grades based on their functional abilities. The other is para-equestrian driving, which operates under the same basic rules as combined driving but places competitors in various grades based on their functional abilities. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:२२, ५ नोभेम्बर २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=18528866 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2018-46 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2018 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Ennigaldi-Nanna's museum]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Ur-Nassiriyah.jpg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Ennigaldi-Nanna's museum''' is thought to be the first museum by some historians, although this is speculative. It dates to circa 530 BCE. The curator was Princess Ennigaldi, the daughter of Nabonidus, the last king of the Neo-Babylonian Empire. It was located in the state of Ur, located in the modern-day Dhi Qar Governorate of Iraq, roughly 150 metres (490 ft) southeast of the famous Ziggurat of Ur. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:०२, १२ नोभेम्बर २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=18528866 --> == विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०१८ == [[File:Wikipedia Asian Month Logo.svg|150px|right]]विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०१८ मा उत्साहजन सहभागिताको लागी धन्यवाद ! यस कार्यक्रमको पहिलो ११ दिनमा '''५३''' बटा लेखहरू तयार भई सकेको छ । यसमा कार्यक्रममा अझ थप लेखहरू तयार गर्नको लागी सहभागी मित्रहरूलाई अाग्रह गर्दछौं । * विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०१८ सम्बन्धी '''[[विकिपिडिया:विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०१८/तथ्यांक|तथ्यांक]]''' हेर्नुहोस् । * लेख तयार गर्न सहजताको लागी '''[[विकिपिडिया:विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०१८/सम्भावित लेख शिर्षक|सम्भावित लेख शिर्षक]]''' हेर्नुहोस् । आयोजन समूहको तर्फबाट [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) ०३:५४, १२ नोभेम्बर २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Nirjal stha@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Nirjal_stha/list&oldid=683028 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2018-47 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2018 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Moravec's paradox]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- <span style="text-align:left;> '''Moravec's paradox''' is the discovery by artificial intelligence and robotics researchers that, contrary to traditional assumptions, high-level reasoning requires very little computation, but low-level sensorimotor skills require enormous computational resources. The principle was articulated by Hans Moravec, Rodney Brooks, Marvin Minsky and others in the 1980s. As Moravec writes, "it is comparatively easy to make computers exhibit adult level performance on intelligence tests or playing checkers, and difficult or impossible to give them the skills of a one-year-old when it comes to perception and mobility". </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:१८, १९ नोभेम्बर २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=18602108 --> == धन्यवाद ! == [[File:Wikipedia Asian Month Logo.svg|100px|right]] '''विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०१८ '''को अन्तिम हप्तामा आइपुग्दा करिब '''१०९''' राम्रा लेखहरू तयार भएको सहर्ष जानकारी दिन चाहन्छौ । नोभेम्बर महिना भरी सञ्चालन हुने यस कार्यक्रममा बाँँकी रहेको ७ दिनमा अझ बढी भन्दा बढी लेखहरू तयार गर्नुहुन अनुरोध गर्दछौं । आयोजक समितिको तर्फबाट [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) ०४:५८, २४ नोभेम्बर २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Nirjal stha@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Nirjal_stha/list&oldid=684509 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2018-48 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2018 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Home Children]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Barnardo boy ploughing C 1900.gif|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Home Children''' was the child migration scheme founded by Annie MacPherson in 1869, under which more than 100,000 children were sent from the United Kingdom to Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and South Africa. Australia apologised for its involvement in the scheme; in February 2010 UK Prime Minister Gordon Brown made a formal apology to the families of children who suffered. On 16 November 2009, Canadian Immigration Minister Jason Kenney stated that Canada would not apologise to child migrants. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ००:५०, २६ नोभेम्बर २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=18602108 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2018-49 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2018 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Hiroshima Maidens]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:The patient's skin is burned in a pattern corresponding to the dark portions of a kimono - NARA - 519686.jpg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> The '''Hiroshima Maidens''' are a group of 25 Japanese women who were school age girls when they were seriously disfigured as a result of the thermal flash of the fission bomb dropped on Hiroshima on the morning of August 6, 1945. They subsequently went on a highly publicized journey to get reconstructive surgery in the US in 1955. Keloid scars from their burns marred their faces and many of their hand burns healed into bent claw-like positions. These women, as well as the other citizens affected by the A-bomb, were referred to as hibakusha, meaning "explosion-affected people". </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०२:०६, ३ डिसेम्बर २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=18602108 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2018-50 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2018 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Dazzle camouflage]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:USS West Mahomet (ID-3681) cropped.jpg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Dazzle camouflage''' was a family of ship camouflage used extensively in World War I, and to a lesser extent in World War II and afterwards. Credited to the British marine artist Norman Wilkinson, though with a rejected prior claim by the zoologist John Graham Kerr, it consisted of complex patterns of geometric shapes in contrasting colours, interrupting and intersecting each other. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०२:०६, १० डिसेम्बर २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=18602108 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2018-51 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2018 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Guangfu, Hebei]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:行摄梓地 hiroko.cn MRG 6208.JPG|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Guangfu''' is a town in Yongnian District, Handan, Hebei, China. It comprises the Guangfu Ancient City, a AAAAA-rated tourist attraction that preserves the appearance of a Ming-era Chinese town through its architecture, large city walls, and expansive moat. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:३८, १७ डिसेम्बर २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=18707373 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2018-52 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2018 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Roman Thermae (Varna)]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:VarnaRoman.JPG|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''The Roman Thermae''' (Bulgarian: Римски терми, Rimski termi) are a complex of Ancient Roman baths (thermae) in the Black Sea port city of Varna in northeastern Bulgaria. The Roman Thermae are situated in the southeastern part of the modern city, which under the Roman Empire was known as Odessus. The baths were constructed in the late 2nd century AD and rank as the fourth-largest preserved Roman thermae in Europe and the largest in the Balkans. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:३८, २४ डिसेम्बर २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=18729212 --> == प्रमुख लेख आवेदन समीक्षा == <h3>आदरणिय सम्पादक साथीहरू,</h3> {{प्रमुख चिन्ह|100px}} '''फेब्रुअरी, २०१९''' को प्रमुख लेखको लागी आवेदक '''[[User:हिमाल सुबेदी|हिमाल सुबेदी]]''' बाट '''[[गुजरनवाला|गुजराणवाला]]''' लेख प्रमुख लेखको आवेदन प्राप्त भई '''[[विकिपीडिया:प्रमुख लेख/प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समिति|प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समिति]]''' बाट सो लेख '''[[विकिपीडिया:प्रमुख लेख/मापदण्ड|प्रमुख लेखका मापदण्ड]]''' अनुसार भए नभएको पूनरावलोकन गरि मतदातको लागी सिफारिस भएकोले, '''[[विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू/गुजरानवाला|विकिपीडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू/गुजराणवाला]]''' मा आफ्नो मत प्रदान गरि निर्णयमा सहयोग गरि दिनु हुन अनुरोध गर्दछौं । '''[[विकिपीडिया:प्रमुख लेख/प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समिति|प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समिति]]''' को तर्फबाट - [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) १४:५८, २७ डिसेम्बर २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Nirjal stha@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Nirjal_stha/list&oldid=695537 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-02 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Geo Bogza]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Geo Bogza.jpg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Geo Bogza''' was a Romanian avant-garde theorist, poet, and journalist, one of the most influential Romanian Surrealists. Also known for his left-wing and communist political convictions. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ००:४०, ७ जनवरी २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=18750355 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-03 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Aluminum Christmas tree]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Aluminum Christmas tree2.jpg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> the '''Aluminum Christmas tree''' was a type of artificial Christmas tree that was popular in the United States from 1958 until about the mid-1960s.In the highly acclaimed and successful 1965 television special, A Charlie Brown Christmas, the tree was specifically targeted as symbol of the commercialization of Christmas and was subsequently discreted.By the mid-2000s aluminum trees found a secondary market online, often selling for high premiums. The trees have also appeared in museum collections. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:३६, १४ जनवरी २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=18765658 --> == प्रमुख लेख आवेदन समीक्षा == <h3>आदरणिय सम्पादक साथीहरू,</h3> {{प्रमुख चिन्ह|100px}} '''मार्च, २०१९''' को प्रमुख लेखको लागि आवेदक '''[[User:हिमाल सुबेदी|हिमाल सुबेदी]]''' बाट '''[[डकडकगो]]''' लेख प्रमुख लेखको आवेदन प्राप्त भई '''[[विकिपीडिया:प्रमुख लेख/प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समिति|प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समिति]]''' बाट सो लेख '''[[विकिपीडिया:प्रमुख लेख/मापदण्ड|प्रमुख लेखका मापदण्ड]]''' अनुसार भए नभएको पूनरावलोकन गरि मतदातको लागि सिफारिस भएकोले, '''[[विकिपीडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू/डकडकगो]]''' मा आफ्नो मत प्रदान गरि निर्णयमा सहयोग गरि दिनु हुन अनुरोध गर्दछौं। '''[[विकिपीडिया:प्रमुख लेख/प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समिति|प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समिति]]''' को तर्फबाट - [[User:Biplab Anand|Biplab Anand]] ([[User talk:Biplab Anand|वार्ता]]) १०:४२, १४ जनवरी २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=700382 --> == प्रमुख लेख आवेदन समीक्षा == <h3>आदरणिय सम्पादक साथीहरू,</h3> {{प्रमुख चिन्ह|30px}} आवेदक '''[[User:हिमाल सुबेदी|हिमाल सुबेदी]]'''ले निम्नलिखित लेखहरूलाई प्रमुख लेख बन्नको लागि [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू|आवेदन]] गरेको हुनाले '''[[विकिपीडिया:प्रमुख लेख/प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समिति|प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समिति]]''' बाट सो लेखहरू '''[[विकिपीडिया:प्रमुख लेख/मापदण्ड|प्रमुख लेखका मापदण्ड]]''' अनुसार भए नभएको पूनरावलोकन गरि मतदातको लागि सिफारिस भएकोले, निम्नलिखित लेखहरूमा आफ्नो मत प्रदान गरि निर्णयमा सहयोग गरि दिनु हुन अनुरोध गर्दछौं।<br /> * [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू/पानासोनिक]] * [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू/सेथ राेलिन्स]] * [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू/डिन एम्ब्राेज]] * [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू/लियाम पेन]] '''[[विकिपीडिया:प्रमुख लेख/प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समिति|प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समिति]]''' को तर्फबाट -[[User:Biplab Anand|Biplab Anand]] ([[User talk:Biplab Anand|वार्ता]]) १०:२९, १६ जनवरी २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=700382 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-04 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Yuxiang]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Qiezi.jpg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Yuxiang''' (simplified Chinese: 鱼香; traditional Chinese: 魚香; pinyin: yúxiāng; literally: "fish fragrance") is a seasoning mixture in Chinese cuisine, and also refers to the resulting sauce in which meat or vegetables are cooked. It is said to have originated in Sichuan cuisine, but has since spread to other regional Chinese cuisines </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:३५, २१ जनवरी २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=18798408 --> == अन्तरमोहडा सम्पादक अधिकार प्रदान गर्ने प्रक्रिया == [[विकिपिडिया:बोट सूचनापाटी/अन्तरमोहडा सम्पादक अधिकार प्रदान गर्ने प्रक्रिया|अन्तरमोहडा सम्पादक अधिकार प्रदान गर्ने प्रक्रिया]]बारे भइरहेको टिप्पणीमा सहभागी हुन् हार्दीक अनुरोध छ । धन्यवाद ! &mdash;&nbsp;[[प्रयोगकर्ता:Tulsi|<font color="black">'''तुल्सी भगत'''</font>]] <small>([[Special:Contributions/Tulsi Bhagat|<font color="black">योगदान</font>]] &#124; [[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:Tulsi|<font color="black">वार्ता</font>]])</small> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) ०५:५०, २५ जनवरी २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Tulsi Bhagat@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Tulsi_Bhagat/Mass_Message_Users_List&oldid=704022 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-05 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Reindeer in Siberian shamanism]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Шаман 17 в.jpg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Reindeer in Siberian shamanism''' reflect the cultural, as well as the economic, relationship between the native peoples of Siberia, a region of Northern Asia, and the reindeer that live there. It involves the nomadic reindeer herders, those that hunt wild reindeer and those who maintain domesticated ones. Their religious beliefs reflect the spiritual philosophy of shamanism, and their traditions often involve reindeer in several steps of the process of practicing their religion. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०२:५५, २८ जनवरी २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=18820536 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-07 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Fairbank train robbery]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Fairbank Railroad Depot Arizona Circa 1900.jpg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> The '''Fairbank train robbery''' occurred on the night of February 15, 1900, when some bandits attempted to hold up a Wells Fargo express car at the town of Fairbank, Arizona. Although it was thwarted by Jeff Milton, who managed to kill "Three Fingered Jack" Dunlop in an exchange of gunfire, the train robbery was unique for being one of the few to have occurred in a public place and was also one of the last during the Old West period. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०२:२६, ११ फेब्रुअरी २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=18842598 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-08 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Tierra del Fuego gold rush]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Moneda Popper 5 Gramos.jpg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> Between 1883 and 1906 Tierra del Fuego experienced a gold rush attracting a large number of Chileans, Argentines and Europeans to the archipelago, including a large number of Dalmatians. The gold rush led to the formation of the first towns in the archipelago and fueled economic growth in Punta Arenas. After the gold rush was over, most gold diggers left the archipelago, while the remaining settlers engaged in sheep farming and fishing. Indigenous Selk'nam populations declined sharply during the rush. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:०९, १८ फेब्रुअरी २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=18883854 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-09 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Omowunmi Sadik]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Omowunmi Sadik Speaker at Innovation Day 2010backlit.jpg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Omowunmi "Wunmi" A. Sadik''' (born 19 June 1964) is a Nigerian professor, chemist, and inventor working at Binghamton University. She has developed microelectrode biosensors for detection of drugs and explosives and is working on the development of technologies for recycling metal ions from waste, for use in environmental and industrial applications. In 2012, Sadik co-founded the non-profit Sustainable Nanotechnology Organization. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:३७, २५ फेब्रुअरी २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=18886779 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-10 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Rosaly Lopes]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Rosaly Lopes2.jpg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Rosaly M. C. Lopes''' (born 8 January 1957 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) is a planetary geologist, volcanologist, an author of numerous scientific papers and several books, as well as a proponent of education. Her major research interests are in planetary and terrestrial surface processes with an emphasis on volcanology. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:१६, ४ मार्च २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=18901813 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-11 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Lorna Doone]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Lorna Doone - cover - Project Gutenberg eText 17460.jpg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''''Lorna Doone: A Romance of Exmoor''''' is a novel by English author Richard Doddridge Blackmore, published in 1869. It is a romance based on a group of historical characters and set in the late 17th century in Devon and Somerset, particularly around the East Lyn Valley area of Exmoor. In 2003, the novel was listed on the BBC's survey The Big Read. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०२:०२, ११ मार्च २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=18901813 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-12 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Matariki]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:M45 filip.jpg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> In the Māori language '''Matariki''' is both the name of the Pleiades star cluster and also of the season of its first rising in late May or early June. This is a marker of the beginning of the new year. Different peoples celebrate Matariki at different times; some when Matariki rises in late May or early June while others observe it at the first full moon or first new moon following the rising of Matariki. Matariki is a shortened version of Ngā mata o te ariki o Tāwhirimātea, or "the eyes of the god Tāwhirimātea", but it is sometimes incorrectly translated as "little eyes". Similar words do occur in most Polynesian languages, deriving from Proto-Polynesian *mataliki, meaning minute, small; the use of the term for the Pleiades constellation is also ancient and has been reconstructed to Eastern Oceanic </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:०४, १८ मार्च २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=18938010 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-13 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:zh:中国民航296号航班劫机事件]]'''</span><br /> <small>''([[:ko:중국 민항기 불시착 사건]], [[:en:CAAC Flight 296]]) ''</small> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- <span style="text-align:left;> '''CAAC Flight 296''', a Hawker Siddeley Trident 2E (B-296), was hijacked while en route from Shenyang Dongta Airport to Shanghai Hongqiao International Airport and landed at the US Army base Camp Page in South Korea. The incident marked the first direct negotiations between South Korea and China, which did not have formal relations at the time. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०२:१८, २५ मार्च २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=18957515 --> == छिटो निर्णय लिनु पर्ने भएकोले == अप्रेल महिनामा प्रमुख लेख बनाउनको लागि परेका सबै लेखहरू अयोग्य ठहरिएका कारण हामीले आज तिन तारिख सम्म पनि प्रमुख लेख परिवर्तन गर्न सकेनौं । प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समितिका सदस्यका तर्फबाट प्रमुख लेखको लागि परेका आवेदनहरूबाट छानेर [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू/ठूलो घाउँके हावासील|एक अर्को लेख]] मत दानको लागि सिफारिस गरिएको छ । अतः छिटो छलफल गरेर आजै प्रमुख लेख परिवर्तन गर्नु पर्ने भएकाले [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू|यहाँ]] आफ्नो मत राखेर निर्णय लिनु होला भन्ने पूर्ण अनुरोध छ । [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) ०२:४३, ३ अप्रिल २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Ram Prasad Joshee@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Nirjal_stha/list&oldid=695537 --> == छिटो निर्णय लिनु पर्ने भएकोले == अप्रेल महिनामा प्रमुख लेख बनाउनको लागि परेका सबै लेखहरू अयोग्य ठहरिएका कारण हामीले आज तिन तारिख सम्म पनि प्रमुख लेख परिवर्तन गर्न सकेनौं । प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समितिका सदस्यका तर्फबाट प्रमुख लेखको लागि परेका आवेदनहरूबाट छानेर [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू/ठूलो घाउँके हावासील|एक अर्को लेख]] मत दानको लागि सिफारिस गरिएको छ । अतः छिटो छलफल गरेर आजै प्रमुख लेख परिवर्तन गर्नु पर्ने भएकाले [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू|यहाँ]] आफ्नो मत राखेर निर्णय लिनु होला भन्ने पूर्ण अनुरोध छ । [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) ०२:४९, ३ अप्रिल २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Ram Prasad Joshee@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=700382 --> == छिटो निर्णय लिनु पर्ने भएकोले == अप्रेल महिनामा प्रमुख लेख बनाउनको लागि परेका सबै लेखहरू अयोग्य ठहरिएका कारण हामीले आज तिन तारिख सम्म पनि प्रमुख लेख परिवर्तन गर्न सकेनौं । प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समितिका सदस्यका तर्फबाट प्रमुख लेखको लागि परेका आवेदनहरूबाट छानेर [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू/ठूलो घाउँके हावासील|एक अर्को लेख]] मत दानको लागि सिफारिस गरिएको छ । अतः छिटो छलफल गरेर आजै प्रमुख लेख परिवर्तन गर्नु पर्ने भएकाले [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू|यहाँ]] आफ्नो मत राखेर निर्णय लिनु होला भन्ने पूर्ण अनुरोध छ । [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) ०२:५१, ३ अप्रिल २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Ram Prasad Joshee@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Tulsi_Bhagat/Mass_Message_Users_List&oldid=704022 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-16 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Kitniyot]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- <span style="text-align:left;> '''Kitniyot''' (Hebrew: קִטְנִיּוֹת‎, qitniyyot) is a Hebrew word meaning legumes. During the Passover holiday, however, the word kitniyot takes on a broader meaning to include grains and seeds such as rice, corn, sunflower seeds, sesame seeds, soybeans, peas, and lentils, in addition to legumes. According to Orthodox Ashkenazi and some Sephardic customs, Kitniyot may not be eaten during Passover. Although Reform and Conservative Ashkenazi Judaism currently allow for the consumption of Kitniyot during Passover, long-standing tradition in these and other communities is to abstain from their consumption. According to Torat Eretz Yisrael and Minhagei Eretz Yisrael, any Jew worldwide, regardless of origin, and despite the practice of their forefathers, may eat kitniyot on Passover, for it is a practice rejected as an unnecessary precaution by Halachic authorities as early as the time of its emergence. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:२६, १५ अप्रिल २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=18973993 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-18 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Jaflong]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Jaflong Sylhet.jpg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Jaflong''' is a hill station and tourist destination in the Division of Sylhet, Bangladesh. It is located in Gowainghat Upazila of Sylhet District and situated at the border between Bangladesh and the Indian state of Meghalaya, overshadowed by subtropical mountains and rainforests. Jaflong is known for its stone collections and is home of the Khasi tribe </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०२:१५, २९ अप्रिल २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=19015333 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-19 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Banana flour]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Starr-180106-1562-Prosopis pallida-Waianae Gold kiawe flour for banana muffins-Hawea Pl Olinda-Maui (40290422231).jpg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Banana flour''' is a powder traditionally made of green bananas. Historically, banana flour has been used in Africa and Jamaica as a cheaper alternative to wheat flour. It is now often used as a gluten-free replacement for wheat flours or as a source of resistant starch, which has been promoted by certain dieting trends such as paleo and primal diets and by some recent nutritional research. Banana flour, due to the use of green bananas, has a very mild banana flavor raw, and when cooked, it has an earthy, nonbanana flavor; it also has a texture reminiscent of lighter wheat flours and requires about 25% less volume, making it a good replacement for white and white whole-wheat flour. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०२:०८, ६ मे २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=19015333 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-20 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Old Sugar Mill of Koloa]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Kauai-old-sugar-mill-Koloa-chimney.JPG|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> The '''Old Sugar Mill of Kōloa''' was part of the first commercially successful sugarcane plantation in Hawaiʻi, which was founded in Kōloa on the island of Kauai in 1835 by Ladd & Company. This was the beginning of what would become Hawaii's largest industry. The building was designated a National Historic Landmark on December 29, 1962. A stone chimney and foundations remain from 1840. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:०४, १३ मे २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=19088149 --> == Wikicamp Nepal 2018/19 == '''Hello {{BASEPAGENAME}},'''<br /> <small>'''Sorry for writing in English.'''</small><br /> We are glad, you are the part of [[:m:WCN2018|WCN2018]]. So, you are WCNian. Congratulations! \o/ The Wikicamp Nepal team is currently discussing on the value and planning process of Wikicamp Nepal 2018/19, and is open until 31 May 2019. The goals are to (1) build a shared understanding of the value of Wikicamp Nepal to help guide camp planning and evaluation, and (2) gather broad community input on what new form(s) Wikicamp Nepal 2019 could take. We'd like to hear from you on [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdymN5vLn4CNYu_sz_2pvdV380eigXqRwy-u5NK2xt6_X8BPw/viewform this multilingual survey form]. Select your language and please send us your response! If you have any question(s), feel free to contact: wikicampnepal[at]gmail.com or leave a message at: [[:m:Talk:Wikicamp Nepal 2018|Talk:Wikicamp Nepal 2018]]. Kindly help us spread and translate this message! Many thanks,<br /> &mdash;&nbsp;[[प्रयोगकर्ता:Tulsi|<font color="black">'''Tulsi Bhagat'''</font>]] <small>([[Special:Contributions/Tulsi Bhagat|<font color="black">contribs</font>]] &#124; [[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:Tulsi|<font color="black">talk</font>]])</small>,<br /> [[:m:Wikicamp Nepal 2018/Team|WCN2018 Organizing Team]]; Message sent using [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) ०४:४३, १७ मे २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Tulsi Bhagat@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tulsi_Bhagat/Mass_Message_Users_List&oldid=19103078 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-21 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Helicopter 66]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:SH-3D Sea King of HS-4 recovers Apollo 11 astronaut on 24 July 1969.jpg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Helicopter 66''' is a United States Navy Sikorsky Sea King helicopter used during the late 1960s for the water recovery of astronauts during the Apollo program. It has been called "one of the most famous, or at least most iconic, helicopters in history", was the subject of a 1969 song by Manuela and was made into a die-cast model by Dinky Toys. In addition to its work in support of NASA, Helicopter 66 also transported the Shah of Iran during his 1973 visit to the aircraft carrier USS Kitty Hawk. Helicopter 66 was delivered to the U.S. Navy in 1967 and formed part of the inventory of U.S. Navy Helicopter Anti-Submarine Squadron Four for the duration of its active life. Among its pilots during this period was Donald S. Jones, who would go on to command the United States Third Fleet. Later re-numbered Helicopter 740, the aircraft crashed in the Pacific Ocean in 1975 during a training exercise. At the time of its crash, it had logged more than 3,200 hours of service. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:१४, २० मे २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=19088149 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-23 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:O Que É Que A Baiana Tem?]]'''<br /><small>([[:pt:O Que É que a Baiana Tem?]]) </small></span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Carmen Miranda, Banana da Terra 1939.jpg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''''O que é que a baiana tem?''''' is a song composed by Dorival Caymmi in 1939 and recorded by Carmen Miranda. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:५७, ३ जुन २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=19123976 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-24 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Expedition to Lapland]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Carolus Linnaeus by Hendrik Hollander 1853.jpg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> The '''Expedition to Lapland''', the northernmost region in Sweden, by Carl Linnaeus in 1732 was an important part of his scientific career. Linnaeus departed from Uppsala and travelled clockwise around the coast of the Gulf of Bothnia over the course of six months, making major inland incursions from Umeå, Luleå and Tornio. His observations became the basis of his book Flora Lapponica (1737) in which Linnaeus’ ideas about nomenclature and classification were first used in a practical way.[2] Linnaeus kept a journal of his expedition which was first published posthumously as an English translation called Lachesis Lapponica: A Tour in Lapland (1811). </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ००:५३, १० जुन २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=19138058 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-25 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Karin Bergöö Larsson]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Karin-Bergoo.jpg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Karin Larsson, née Bergöö''', (3 October 1859 – 18 February 1928) was a Swedish artist and designer who collaborated with her husband, Carl Larsson, as well as being often depicted in his paintings. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:५९, १७ जुन २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=19152215 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-26 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:National Historic Sites of Canada]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- <span style="text-align:left;> '''National Historic Sites of Canada''' (French: Lieux historiques nationaux du Canada) are places that have been designated by the federal Minister of the Environment on the advice of the Historic Sites and Monuments Board of Canada (HSMBC), as being of national historic significance </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:०६, २४ जुन २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=19152215 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-27 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Hewing]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Northeim 2005-09-17 Fachwerk-05.jpg|300px|center]] <span style="text-align:left;> In woodworking, '''hewing''' is the process of converting a log from its rounded natural form into lumber (timber) with more or less flat surfaces using primarily an axe. It is an ancient method, and before the advent of the industrial-era type of sawmills, it was a standard way of squaring up wooden beams for timber framing. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:४४, १ जुलाई २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=19152215 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-28 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Belgian government in exile]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Hubert Pierlot and Robert Sturges.jpg|300px|center]] <span style="text-align:left;> The '''Belgian government in London''' (French: Gouvernement belge à Londres, Dutch: Belgische regering in Londen), also known as the Pierlot IV Government, was the government in exile of Belgium between October 1940 and September 1944 during World War II. The government was tripartite, involving ministers from the Catholic, Liberal and Labour Parties. After the invasion of Belgium by Nazi Germany in May 1940, the Belgian government, under Prime Minister Hubert Pierlot, fled first to Bordeaux in France and then to London, where it established itself as the only legitimate representation of Belgium to the Allies. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०४:०७, ८ जुलाई २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=19187313 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-29 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Philippine space program]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:ABS-3 (Agila-2).jpg|300px|center]] <span style="text-align:left;> The '''space program of the Philippines''' is decentralized and is maintained by various agencies of the Department of Science and Technology (DOST). There is no dedicated space agency to oversee the country's space program and is funded through the National SPACE Development Program by the DOST. Early Philippine initiatives in space technology has been led by private firms although in the recent years the government has played a more active role. The Philippines has been involved in space technology since the 1960s, when the government built an Earth satellite receiving station by the administration of then-President Ferdinand Marcos. It was also during the latter part of this period that a Filipino private firm acquired the country's first satellite, Agila-1 which was launched as an Indonesian satellite. In the 1990s, Mabuhay had Agila 2 launched to space from China. In the 2010s, the Philippine government partnered with the Tohoku and Hokkaido Universities of Japan to launch the first satellite designed by Filipinos, Diwata-1. Diwata-1 is a microsatellite. The government was able to develop and send two more small-scale satellites, Diwata-2 and Maya-1. A centralized space agency has been proposed in the legislature to address funding and management issue faced by the country's space program. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]०१:५०, १५ जुलाई २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=19192603 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-30 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Free Solo]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- <span style="text-align:left;> '''''Free Solo''''' is a 2018 American documentary film about climbing El Capitan in Yosemite. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]०२:१९, २२ जुलाई २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=19192603 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-31 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Sevastopol Naval Base]]'''</span><br /><small>''([[:ru:Севастопольская военно-морская база]]) ''</small> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Aleksandrovets&Muromets2005Sevastopol.jpg|300px|center]] <span style="text-align:left;> The '''Sevastopol Naval Base''' (Russian: Севастопольская военно-морская база; Ukrainian: Севастопольська військово-морська база) is a naval base located in Sevastopol, on disputed Crimean peninsula. It is a base of the Russian Navy and the main base of the Black Sea Fleet. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:०५, २९ जुलाई २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=19232882 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-32 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Chugach State Park]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Parque estatal Chugach, Alaska, Estados Unidos, 2017-08-22, DD 77.jpg|300px|center]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Chugach State Park''' covers 495,204 acres (2,004 square kilometers) immediately east of the Anchorage Bowl in south-central Alaska. Though primarily in the Municipality of Anchorage, a small portion of the park north of the Eklutna Lake area in the vicinity of Pioneer Peak lies within the Matanuska-Susitna Borough. Established by legislation signed into law on August 6, 1970, by Alaska Governor Keith Miller, this state park was created to provide recreational opportunities, protect the scenic value of the Chugach Mountains and other geographic features, and ensure the safety of the water supply for Anchorage. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:२०, ५ अगस्त २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=19232882 --> == विकी क्याम्प नेपाल आयोजक सम्बन्धमा == विकी क्याम्प नेपाल आयोजनमा एक गैह्रसरकारी संस्थाको संलग्नता भएको भन्ने सम्बन्धमा भई रहेको छलफलमा [[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी_(विविध)#विकी_क्याम्प_नेपाल_आयोजक_सम्बन्धमा|यहाँ]] गई आफ्नो विचार राख्नु हुन अनुरोध गर्दछु ।-[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) १८:४२, १० अगस्त २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Nabin K. Sapkota@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Nabin_K._Sapkota/Mass_Message_Users_List&oldid=740008 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-33 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Visby City Wall]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Visby ringmur östra delen norrut.jpg|300px|center]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Visby City Wall''' (Swedish: Visby ringmur, sometimes Visby stadsmur) is a medieval defensive wall surrounding the Swedish town of Visby on the island of Gotland. As the strongest, most extensive, and best preserved medieval city wall in Scandinavia, the wall forms an important and integral part of Visby World Heritage Site. Built in two stages during the 13th and 14th century, approximately 3.44 km (2.14 mi) of its original 3.6 km (2.2 mi) still stands. Of the 29 large and 22 smaller towers, 27 large and 9 small remain. A number of houses that predate the wall were incorporated within it during one of the two phases of construction. During the 18th century, fortifications were added to the wall in several places and some of the towers rebuilt to accommodate cannons. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०२:०५, १२ अगस्त २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=19232882 --> == छलफल: मेटाउनको लागि नामाङ्कन == नमस्ते, [[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी (विविध)#मेटाउनको लागि नामाङ्कन|मेटाउनको लागि नामाङ्कन]]बारे भइरहेको छलफलमा सहभागी भई टिप्पणी राखिदिनु हुन् हार्दीक अनुरोध गर्द छु। धन्यवाद! --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) ०६:२६, २४ अगस्त २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Tulsi Bhagat@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Tulsi_Bhagat/Mass_Message_Users_List&oldid=741365 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-35 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Duesenberg Model A]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:1923 Duesenberg Model A Rubay Touring p1.JPG|300px|center]] <span style="text-align:left;> The '''Duesenberg Model A''' was the first automobile in series production to have hydraulic brakes and the first automobile in series production in the United States with a straight-eight engine. Officially known as the Duesenberg Straight Eight, the Model A was first shown in late 1920 in New York City. Production was delayed by substantial changes to the design of the car, including a change in the engine valvetrain from horizontal overhead valves to an overhead camshaft; also during this time, the company had moved its headquarters and factory from New Jersey to Indiana. The Model A was manufactured in Indianapolis, Indiana, from 1921 to 1925 by the Duesenberg Automobiles and Motors Company and from 1925 to 1926 at the same factory by the restructured Duesenberg Motor Company. The successors to the company began referring to the car as the Model A when the Model J was introduced. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:१६, २६ अगस्त २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=19314058 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-36 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Gladys Kalema-Zikusoka]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Gladys Kalema Zikusoka.jpg|300px|center]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Gladys Kalema-Zikusoka''' (born 8 January 1970) is a Ugandan veterinarian and founder of Conservation Through Public Health, an organisation dedicated to the coexistence of endangered mountain gorillas, other wildlife, humans, and livestock in Africa. She was Uganda's first wildlife veterinary officer and was the star of the BBC documentary, Gladys the African Vet. In 2009 she won the Whitley Gold Award for her conservation work. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:१६, २ सेप्टेम्बर २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=19314058 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-37 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Bat as food]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Bats for eating in Laos.jpg|300px|center]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Bats are a food''' source for humans in the Pacific Rim and Asia. Bats are consumed in various amounts in Indonesia, Thailand, Vietnam, Guam, and in other Asian and Pacific Rim countries and cultures. In Guam, Mariana fruit bats (Pteropus mariannus) are considered a delicacy, and a flying fox bat species was made endangered due to being hunted there. In addition to being hunted as a food source for humans, bats are also hunted for their skins. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:११, ९ सेप्टेम्बर २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=19346679 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-39 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Sand-Covered Church]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Nordenskirker_Skagen(26).jpg|300px|center]] <span style="text-align:left;> The '''Sand-Covered Church''' (Danish: Den Tilsandede Kirke, also translated as The Buried Church, and also known as Old Skagen Church) is the name given to a late 14th-century church dedicated to Saint Lawrence of Rome. It was a brick church of considerable size, located 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) southwest of the town centre of Skagen, Denmark. During the last half of the 18th century the church was partially buried by sand from nearby dunes; the congregation had to dig out the entrance each time a service was to be held. The struggle to keep the church free of sand lasted until 1795, when it was abandoned </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:२३, २३ सेप्टेम्बर २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=19362143 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-40 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Penal system in China]]'''</span> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- <span style="text-align:left;> The '''penal system in China''' is mostly composed of an administrative detention system and a judicial incarceration system. As of mid 2015, it is reported prisoners held in prisons managed by Ministry of Justice is 1,649,804, result in a population rate of 118 per 100,000. Detainees in Ministry of Public Security facilities is 650,000 as of 2009, which combined would result in a population rate of 164 per 100,000. China also retained the use of death penalty with the approval right reserved to the Supreme People's Court, and have a system of death penalty with reprieve where the sentence is suspended unless the convicted commit another major crime within two years while detained. There are discussion urging increased use of community correction, and debate are ongoing to have Ministry of Justice oversee administrative detainees as well to prevent police from having too much power. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|32px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:०१, ३० सेप्टेम्बर २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=19415526 --> == '''विकिथन-८''' == {{fmbox | image = [[चित्र:Wikithon 2018.png|90px|link=]] | imageright= [[File:Wikipedia-logo-ne.png|60px|link=]] | style = | textstyle = | text = <center> २०७६ सालको दशैं-तिहार-छठको अवसर पारेर नेपाली विकिपिडियाले २०७६ असोज १५ गतेदेखि कार्तिक १६ (छठ) सम्म आठौँ <big>'''नेपाली [[विकिपिडिया:विकिथन|विकिथन]] कार्यक्रम'''</big> आयोजना गरेको छ। , सहभागी हुन चाहने विकिपिडियनहरूले '''[[विकिपिडिया:विकिथन-८/सहभागीहरू|सहभागीताको लागि आफ्नो नाम दर्ता]] गराउनको लागी अनुरोध गरिन्छ । थप जानकारीको लागी [[विकिपिडिया:विकिथन-८|विकिथन-८]] मा हेर्नुहोस् ।</center> }} <!-- Message sent by User:Nabin K. Sapkota@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Nabin_K._Sapkota/Mass_Message_Users_List&oldid=740008 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-42 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Christchurch Town Hall]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Christchurch Town Hall of the Performing Arts, New Zealand.jpg|300px|center]] <span style="text-align:left;> The '''Christchurch Town Hall''', since 2007 formally known as the Christchurch Town Hall of the Performing Arts, opened in 1972, is Christchurch, New Zealand's premier performing arts centre. It is located in the central city on the banks of the Avon River overlooking Victoria Square, opposite the former location of the demolished Christchurch Convention Centre. Due to significant damage sustained during the February 2011 Christchurch earthquake, it was closed until 2019. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०२:४८, १४ अक्टोबर २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=19441368 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-43 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Garlic production in China]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:2005garlic.PNG|300px|center]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Garlic production in China''' is significant to the worldwide garlic industry, as China provides 80% of the total world production and is the leading exporter. Following China, other significant garlic producers include India (5% of world production) and Bangladesh (1%). As of 2016, China produced 21 million tonnes annually. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:४७, २१ अक्टोबर २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=19475547 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-44 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:115 Antioch earthquake]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- <span style="text-align:left;> The '''115 Antioch earthquake''' occurred on 13 December 115 AD. It had an estimated magnitude of 7.5 on the surface wave magnitude scale and an estimated maximum intensity of XI (Extreme) on the Mercalli intensity scale. Antioch and surrounding areas were devastated with a great loss of life and property. It triggered a local tsunami that badly damaged the harbour at Caesarea Maritima. The Roman Emperor Trajan was caught in the earthquake, as was his successor Hadrian. Although the consul Marcus Pedo Vergilianus was killed, they escaped with only slight injuries and later began a program to rebuild the city. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:०५, २८ अक्टोबर २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=19488868 --> == विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना आमन्त्रण == <div style="width: 99%; color: #111; {{box-shadow|0|0|6px|rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.55)}} {{border-radius|2px}}"> <div style="overflow:hidden; height:auto; background: #fff; width: 100%; padding-bottom:18px;"> <div style="font-size: 36px; margin-top: 24px;margin-left: 16px; font-family: 'Linux Libertine',Georgia,Times,serif; line-height: 1.2em;">[[विकिपिडिया:विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०१९‎|विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना]]<div style="margin-right:1em; float:right;">[[File:Wikipedia Asian Month Logo.svg|right|200px|link=]]</div></div> <div style="font-size: 24px; padding-top: 0px; margin-left: 16px; font-family: 'Linux Libertine',Georgia,Times,serif; line-height:1.2em; color: #666; "> विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०१९‎ सुरु भयो । म तपाईंलाई कार्यक्रमको लागि हाम्रो अनलाइन सम्पादनथनमा सामेल हुन आमन्त्रित गर्न चाहन्छु । यदि तपाईंले ४ लेख बनाउनु भयो भने पोस्टकार्ड प्राप्त गर्नुहुनेछ । लेखहरू ३,००० बाइट्स र ३०० शब्दहरू भन्दा बढी हुनु आवश्यक छ । हामी हाम्रो पोष्टकार्ड पठाउने प्रक्रियामा पनि सुधार गर्दैछौं, उदाहरणका लागि अहिले पोष्टकार्ड बनाउँदैछौं, र अन्य भाषाको प्रतीक्षा नगरीकन कार्यक्रम समाप्त भएपछि ठेगाना संकलन गर्दैछौं । प्रत्येक विकिपिडियामा सबैभन्दा धेरै लेखहरू बनाउने विकिपिडियनहरूलाई "विकिपिडिया एसियाली राजदूतहरू" भनेर सम्मान गरिनेछ । हामी राजदूत प्रमाणपत्रको दुबै डिजिटल प्रतिलिपि र कागज प्रतिलिपि पठाउनेछौं । पछिल्ला चार बर्षमा २,००० भन्दा बढी विकिपिडिया सम्पादकहरू द्वारा ६० भन्दा बढी भाषा-विशिष्ट विकिपिडियामा २८,००० भन्दा बढी उच्च-गुणका लेखहरू थपिएका छन् । निस्सन्देह, विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना सबैभन्दा ठूलो वार्षिक विकिपिडिया अनलाइन सम्पादन कार्यक्रम हो । हामी आशा गर्दछौं कि तपाईं उत्साहित हुनुहुन्छ र यस यात्रामा हामीसँग सामेल हुनुहुनेछ । <div style="text-align:center;"> <!-- Please edit the "URL" accordingly, especially the "section" number; thanks --> {{Clickable button 2|साइन अप गर्नुहोस्|url={{fullurl:{{{link|विकिपिडिया:विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०१९/सहभागीहरू}}}|action=edit}} |class=mw-ui-progressive}} </div> विचारका लागि धन्यवाद! --[[User:Saroj Uprety|सरोज उप्रेती]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:Saroj|कुरा गर्ने]])<br /> </div> </div> </div> — [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) ०१:०८, १ नोभेम्बर २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Saroj Uprety@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Saroj_Uprety/SampleInvitation&oldid=19511773 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-45 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Jigokudani Monkey Park]]'''</span><br /> <small>''([[:ja:地獄谷野猿公苑]]) ''</small> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Jigokudani hotspring in Nagano Japan 001.jpg|300px|center|]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Jigokudani Monkey Park''' is located in Yamanouchi, Nagano Prefecture, Japan. It is part of the Joshinetsu Kogen National Park (locally known as Shigakogen), and is located in the valley of the Yokoyu-River, in the northern part of the prefecture. The name Jigokudani, meaning "Hell's Valley", is due to the steam and boiling water that bubbles out of small crevices in the frozen ground, surrounded by steep cliffs and formidably cold and hostile forests. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:१६, ४ नोभेम्बर २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=19488868 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-46 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Blautopf]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Blaubeuren Blautopf 20180804 02.jpg|300px|center|]] <span style="text-align:left;> The '''Blautopf''' (German for Blue pot; "blau" means blue, "Topf" means pot) is a spring that serves as the source of the river Blau in the karst landscape on the Swabian Jura's southern edge, in Southern Germany. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ००:५२, ११ नोभेम्बर २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=19523882 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-47 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Quonset hut]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Quonset.jpg|300px|center|]] <span style="text-align:left;> A '''Quonset hut''' is a lightweight prefabricated structure of corrugated galvanized steel having a semicircular cross-section. The design was developed in the United States, based on the Nissen hut introduced by the British during World War I. Hundreds of thousands were produced during World War II. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:५७, १८ नोभेम्बर २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=19523882 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-48 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Electric match]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Exploding E match collage.jpg|300px|center|]] <span style="text-align:left;> An '''electric match''' is a device that uses an externally applied electric current to ignite a combustible compound. Electric matches can be used in any application where source of heat is needed at a precisely controlled point in time, typically to ignite a propellant or explosive. Examples include airbags, pyrotechnics, and military or commercial explosives. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:४७, २५ नोभेम्बर २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=19579995 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-49 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Fetoscopy]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Intervention par foetoscopie1.png|300px|center|]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Fetoscopy''' is an endoscopic procedure during pregnancy to allow surgical access to the fetus, the amniotic cavity, the umbilical cord, and the fetal side of the placenta. A small incision is made in the abdomen, and an endoscope is inserted through the abdominal wall and uterus into the amniotic cavity. Fetoscopy allows for medical interventions such as a biopsy (tissue sample) or a laser occlusion of abnormal blood vessels (such as chorioangioma) or the treatment of spina bifid. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:३६, २ डिसेम्बर २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=19579995 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-50 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:New Brighton Pier]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:New Brighton Pier during the sunset, Christchurch, New Zealand.jpg|300px|center|]] <span style="text-align:left;> There have been two '''New Brighton Piers''' in New Brighton, New Zealand. The first pier, of wooden construction, opened on 18 January 1894 and was demolished on 12 October 1965. The current concrete pier was opened on 1 November 1997. It is one of the icons of Christchurch. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ००:५७, ९ डिसेम्बर २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=19579995 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-51 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Topi]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Topi (Damaliscus lunatus jimela) female.jpg|300px|center|]] <span style="text-align:left;> The '''topi''' (''Damaliscus lunatus jimela'') is a highly social and fast antelope subspecies of the common tsessebe, a species which belongs to the genus Damaliscus. They are found in the savannas, semi-deserts, and floodplains of sub-Saharan Africa. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०५:११, १६ डिसेम्बर २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=19639518 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-52 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Niassodon]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Niassodon.tif|300px|center|]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''''Niassodon''''' is an extinct genus of kingoriid dicynodont therapsid known from the Late Permian of Niassa Province, northern Mozambique. It contains a single species, ''Niassodon mfumukasi''. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०२:०८, २३ डिसेम्बर २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=19644490 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-01 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:German Central Library for the Blind]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Leipzig Deutsche Zentralbuecherei fuer Blinde.jpg|300px|center|]] <span style="text-align:left;> The '''German Central Library for the Blind''' (German: Deutsche Zentralbücherei für Blinde), abbreviated DZB, is a public library for the visually impaired located in the city of Leipzig, Saxony, Germany. Its collection of 72,300 titles is amongst the largest in the German speaking countries. The institution consists of a lending library, a publishing house, and a research center for barrier-free communication. It also has production facilities for braille books, audiobooks, and braille music. The DZB publishes about 250 new titles annually. Founded in 1894, the DZB is the oldest library for the blind in Germany. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:२१, ३० डिसेम्बर २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=19663331 --> == WAM 2019 Postcard == Dear Participants and Organizers, Congratulations! It's WAM's honor to have you all participated in [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019|Wikipedia Asian Month 2019]], the fifth edition of WAM. Your achievements were fabulous, and all the articles you created make the world can know more about Asia in different languages! Here we, the WAM International team, would like to say thank you for your contribution also cheer for you that you are eligible for the postcard of Wikipedia Asian Month 2019. Please kindly fill [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdX75AmuQcIpt2BmiTSNKt5kLfMMJUePLzGcbg5ouUKQFNF5A/viewform the form], let the postcard can send to you asap! Cheers! Thank you and best regards, [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019/International Team|Wikipedia Asian Month International Team]] --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) ०८:१६, ३ जनवरी २०२० (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/WAM_2019_Postcard&oldid=19671656 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-02 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:ru:Крымский мост (Москва)]]'''</span><br /> <small>''([[:en:Krymsky Bridge]]) ''</small> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Moscow 05-2017 img13 Krymsky Bridge.jpg|300px|center|]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Krymsky Bridge''' or Crimean Bridge is a steel suspension bridge in Moscow. The bridge spans the Moskva River 1,800 metres south-west from the Kremlin and carries the Garden Ring across the river. The bridge links the Crimean Square to the north with Krymsky Val street to the south. The nearby Moscow Metro stations are Park Kultury and Oktyabrskaya. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:२५, ६ जनवरी २०२० (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=19681808 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-03 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Genovese sauce]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Genovesesauce.jpg|300px|center|]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Genovese sauce''' is a rich, onion-based pasta sauce from the region of Campania, Italy. Likely introduced to Naples from the northern Italian city of Genoa during the Renaissance, it has since become famous in Campania and forgotten elsewhere. The sauce is unusual for the long preparation time used to soften and flavor the onions. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:४१, १३ जनवरी २०२० (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=19681808 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-04 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Patanga succincta]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Patanga succincta (40890841064).jpg|300px|center|]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''''Patanga succincta''''', the Bombay locust, is a species of locust found in India and southeast Asia. It is usually a solitary insect, and it is only in India that it has exhibited swarming behaviour. The last plague of this locust was in that country between 1901 and 1908 and there have not been any swarms since 1927. It is thought that the behaviour of the insects has altered because of changing practices in agricultural land use. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:२१, २० जनवरी २०२० (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=19681808 --> == WAM 2019 Postcard == [[File:Wikipedia Asian Month Logo.svg|right|200px|Wikipedia Asian Month 2019|link=:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019]] Dear Participants and Organizers, Kindly remind you that we only collect the information for [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019|WAM]] postcard 31/01/2019 UTC 23:59. If you haven't filled [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdX75AmuQcIpt2BmiTSNKt5kLfMMJUePLzGcbg5ouUKQFNF5A/viewform the google form], please fill it asap. If you already completed the form, please stay tun, wait for the postcard and tracking emails. Cheers! Thank you and best regards, [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019/International Team|Wikipedia Asian Month International Team]] 2020.01 [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) २०:५८, २० जनवरी २०२० (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:-revi@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/WAM_2019_Postcard&oldid=19732202 --> == यान्दिक्स ब्राउजरको उनुप्रेषणको बारेमा == यान्दिक्स ब्राउजरमा गरिएको अनुप्रेषण उच्चारण अनुसार गलत छ र त्यसलाई किन गलत शीर्षकका साथ अनुप्रेषण गरियो? [https://translate.yandex.com/?lang=ru-en&text=%D0%AF%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81 प्रमाणका लागि यो सुन्नुहोस् ] [[User:पर्वत सुबेदी|पर्वत सुबेदी]] ([[User talk:पर्वत सुबेदी|कुरा गर्ने]]) १६:३१, ३ फेब्रुअरी २०२० (युटिसी(UTC)) ::::हजुर, म त यान्डेक्स नै सुन्छु त । [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=eWVKKzkEqfg]] <span style="color:green;">^:)</span>'''[[user:Learnerktm|लर्नर]]'''<span style="color:red;">^ktm</span> == प्रमुख लेख आवेदन सम्बन्धमा == नमस्ते {{USERPAGE}}ज्यू,<br> नेपाली विकिपिडियामा प्रमुख लेखको लागि प्राप्त [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू|आवेदनहरू]]लाई समीक्षा गरि आफ्नो मात राख्नुहुन अनुरोध गर्दछु। प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समितिको तर्फबाट--[[User:Biplab Anand|Biplab Anand]] ०९:०६, ११ फेब्रुअरी २०२० (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=770358 --> == प्रस्तावित विकि क्याम्प नेपाल २०२० == विकिमिडियन मित्रहरू बीच छलफल, अन्तर विकि समन्वय तथा विकि समुदायको प्राथमिकता तथा चुनौतीहरूको बारेमा सहकार्यको लागी नेपालमा बोलिने भाषाहरूको समुदायहरूको सम्मेलन '''विकि क्याम्प नेपालको दोश्रो संस्करण'''-'''विकि क्याम्प नेपाल २०२०''' यही नोभेम्बर २०२० मा आयोजनाको लागी [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Grants:Conference/WikiCamp_Nepal_2020#Discussion मेटा]मा प्रस्ताव राखिएकोले कृपया सो प्रस्वातमा तपाईको सहमति राखि दिनु हुन अनुरोध गर्दछौं । - आयोजक समुह <!-- Message sent by User:Nirjal stha@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Nirjal_stha/list&oldid=771238 --> == <big>'''विकिकार्यशाला नेपाल २०२० समुदाय संलग्नता सर्वेक्षण'''मा सहभागिताको लागि निमन्त्रणा</big> == यो समुदाय संलग्नता सर्वेक्षणमा सहभागिताको लागि निमन्त्रणा हो, जुन विकिकार्यशाला नेपाल २०२० को आयोजनाको लागि विकिमिडिया फाउण्डेसनमा पेश गरिने आवेदनको मुख्य अङ्ग हो। यी प्रश्नहरूले विकिमिडियामा तपाईँको अनुभव, आवश्यकता, चुनौती, तथा विकिकार्यशाला नेपाल २०२० बाट अपेक्षाहरू सम्बन्धी जानकारीहरू हासिल गर्न सहयोग गर्नेछन्। यी प्रतिक्रियाहरूले विकिकार्यशालाको उद्देश्य तथा कार्यक्रमको प्रारूप थप स्पष्ट पार्न मद्दत गर्नेछ। <div class="notice metadata" id="stub" style="margin:auto; padding:5px; text-align: center; background-color: #ffffff; border: solid 1px #99CCFF; border-left: 8px solid #99CCFF;"> [[File:Form OneDrive icon.svg|25px]] '''सर्वेक्षण फाराम [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSeJE3o-lTsCalCrKU3TDRr1jGYZZ1qp6GNagC3Y2GAXy1muVQ/viewform यहाँ] उपलब्ध छ'''। <span style="padding-left:250px;">सर्वेक्षण फाराम '''२५ फेब्रुअरी २०२०''' सम्म खुला रहनेछ।</span></div> आयोजक समूह <!-- Message sent by User:Nirjal stha@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Nirjal_stha/list&oldid=771359 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-10 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:The Flapper]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:The flapper - glass slide - 1920.jpg|300px|center|]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''''The Flapper''''' is a 1920 American silent comedy film starring Olive Thomas. Directed by Alan Crosland, the film was the first in the United States to portray the "flapper" lifestyle, which would become a cultural craze or fad in the 1920s. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०८:१९, २ मार्च २०२० (+0545)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=19803136 --> == WAM 2019 Postcard: All postcards are postponed due to the postal system shut down == [[File:Wikipedia Asian Month Logo.svg|right|200px|Wikipedia Asian Month 2019|link=:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019]] Dear all participants and organizers, Since the outbreak of COVID-19, all the postcards are postponed due to the shut down of the postal system all over the world. Hope all the postcards can arrive as soon as the postal system return and please take good care. Best regards, [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019/International Team|Wikipedia Asian Month International Team]] 2020.03 <!-- Message sent by User:Aldnonymous@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/WAM_2019_Postcard&oldid=19882731 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-14 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:The Three Sisters (Alberta)]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Three Sisters from Police Creek.jpg|300px|center|]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''The Three Sisters''' are a trio of peaks near Canmore, Alberta, Canada. They are known individually as Big Sister, Middle Sister and Little Sister. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:२६, ३० मार्च २०२० (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=19883477 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-16 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Cloth facemask]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Coronalijer (Rumag) protective mask, Oude Pekela (2020) 01.jpg|300px|center|]] <span style="text-align:left;> A '''cloth facemask''' is a mask made of common textiles worn over the mouth and nose. Unlike surgical masks and respirators such as N95 masks, they are not subject to regulation, and there is currently little research or guidance on their effectiveness as a protective measure against infectious disease transmission or particulate air pollution. They were routinely used by healthcare workers from the mid 19th century until the mid 20th century. In the 1960s they fell out of use in the developed world in favor of modern surgical masks, but their use has persisted in developing countries. During the 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic, their use in developed countries was revived as a last resort due to shortages of surgical masks and respirators. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०८:०९, १३ अप्रिल २०२० (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=19974415 --> == विकिपिडिया नीति सम्बन्धमा == नमस्ते विकी मित्र,<br> विकिपिडियाको नीति र दिशानिर्देशभित्र पर्ने एक महत्वपूर्ण नीति— [[विकिपिडिया:लेख शीर्षकहरू]] तैयारी अवस्थामा रहेकोले सो पृष्ठमा प्रस्ताव गरिएका बुँदाहरूलाई अध्ययन गरि कृप्या आफ्नो धारणा [[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी (नीति)#विकिपिडिया:लेखशीर्षकहरू|यहाँ]] व्यक्त गर्न अनुरोध गर्दछु। धन्यवाद--[[User:Biplab Anand|बिप्लब आनन्द]] ०८:५७, १८ अप्रिल २०२० (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=791027 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-17 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:As-Nas]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:گنجفه.jpg|300px|center|]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''As-Nas''' (آس ناس) is a card game or type of playing cards that were used in Persia. The design of the packs is simple, consisting of only five individual card designs, each with a distinctive background colour. As-Nas date back to the 17th century, and at that time a 25-card pack was used, with 5 suits, each suit having one court card and four numeral cards. Cards from the 19th century with the classic As-Nas designs can be found in various museum collections. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:४४, २० अप्रिल २०२० (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=19978834 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-18 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Pour le piano]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Debussy - Sarabande from Pour le piano.ogg|300px|center|]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''''Pour le piano''''' (For the piano), L. 95, is a suite for solo piano by Claude Debussy. It consists of three individually composed movements, Prélude, Sarabande and Toccata. The suite was completed and published in 1901. It was premiered on 11 January 1902 at the Salle Érard, played by Ricardo Viñes. Maurice Ravel orchestrated the middle movement </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०८:०७, २७ अप्रिल २०२० (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=19999361 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-19 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:F. Percy Smith]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- <span style="text-align:left;> '''Frank Percy Smith''' (12 January 1880–24 March 1945) was a British naturalist and early nature documentary pioneer working for Charles Urban, where he pioneered the use of time-lapse and microcinematography. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] १८:११, ४ मे २०२० (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=20029506 --> == विकिपिडिया नीति सम्बन्धमा == नमस्ते विकी मित्र,<br> विकिपिडिया चौतारीमा प्रस्ताव गरिएको निम्न नीति सुधार प्रस्तावहरू— [[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी_(नीति)#अन्य_प्रयोगकर्ता_अधिकारको_लागि_निवेदनको_लागि_समयसीमा|अन्य प्रयोगकर्ता अधिकारको लागि निवेदनको लागि समयसीमा]] र [[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी_(नीति)#पृष्ठ_स्थानान्तरण_सम्बन्धी_सहायता_पृष्ठको_आवश्यकता|पृष्ठ स्थानान्तरण सम्बन्धी सहायता पृष्ठको आवश्यकता]] माथि कृप्या आफ्नो धारणा व्यक्त गर्न अनुरोध गर्दछु। धन्यवाद--[[User:Biplab Anand|बिप्लब आनन्द]] ०८:१५, ७ मे २०२० (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=791027 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-20 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Bernwood Forest]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Bernwood Forest - geograph.org.uk - 1730158.jpg|center|300px]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Bernwood Forest''' was one of several forests of the ancient Kingdom of England and was a Royal hunting forest. It is thought to have been set aside as Royal hunting land when the Anglo-Saxon kings had a palace at Brill and church in Oakley, in the 10th century and was a particularly favoured place of Edward the Confessor, who was born in nearby Islip. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:२६, ११ मे २०२० (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=20029506 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-21 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:June Almeida]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- <span style="text-align:left;> '''June Dalziel Almeida''' (5 October 1930 – 1 December 2007) was a Scottish virologist, a pioneer in virus imaging, identification and diagnosis. Her skills in electron microscopy earned her an international reputation. (...) She succeeded in identifying viruses that were previously unknown, including—in 1966—a group of viruses that was later named coronavirus. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०६:५१, १८ मे २०२० (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=20080268 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-22 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Siilinjärvi carbonatite]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Siilinjärvi Särkijärvi pit.jpg|center|300px]] <span style="text-align:left;> The '''Siilinjärvi carbonatite''' complex is located in central Finland close to the city of Kuopio. It is named after the nearby village of Siilinjärvi, located approximately 5 km west of the southern extension of the complex. Siilinjärvi is the second largest carbonatite complex in Finland after the Sokli formation, and one of the oldest carbonatites on Earth at 2610±4 Ma. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०६:२२, २५ मे २०२० (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=20080268 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-23 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Castle of the Pico]]'''</span><br /><small>''([[:it:Castello dei Pico]]) ''</small> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Castello Pico, Mirandola.jpg|center|300px]] <span style="text-align:left;> The '''Castle of the Pico''' (in Italian Castello dei Pico) is a castle in the city center of Mirandola, in the province of Modena, Italy. Famous in Europe as a legendary impregnable fortress, it belonged to the House of Pico della Mirandola, who ruled over the city for four centuries (1311-1711) and who enriched it in the Renaissance period with important pieces of art. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०६:२१, १ जुन २०२० (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=20128608 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-24 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Garúa]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Reserva Nacional Lomas de Lachay, Huaral, Lima, Perú 01.jpg|center|300px]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Garúa''' is a Spanish word meaning drizzle or mist. Although used in other contexts in the Spanish-speaking world, garúa most importantly refers to the moist cold fog that blankets the coasts of Peru and northern Chile, especially during the southern hemisphere winter. Garúa is called Camanchaca in Chile. Garúa brings mild temperatures and high humidity to a tropical coastal desert. It also provides moisture from fog and mist to a nearly-rainless region and permits the existence of vegetated fog oases, called lomas. While fog and drizzle are common in many coastal areas around the world, the prevalence and persistence of garúa and its impact on climate and the environment make it unique </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०६:३४, ८ जुन २०२० (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=20134234 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-25 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Te Araroa Trail]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Te_Araroa_logo_sign.jpg|center|300px]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Te Araroa''' (The Long Pathway) is New Zealand's long distance tramping route, stretching circa 3,000 kilometres (1,900 mi) along the length of the country's two main islands from Cape Reinga to Bluff. It is made up of a mixture of older tracks and walkways, new tracks, and link sections alongside roads. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०८:०६, १५ जुन २०२० (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=20170853 --> == Digital Postcards and Certifications == [[File:Wikipedia_Asian_Month_Logo.svg|link=M:Wikipedia_Asian_Month_2019|right|217x217px|Wikipedia Asian Month 2019]] Dear Participants and Organizers, Because of the COVID19 pandemic, there are a lot of countries’ international postal systems not reopened yet. We would like to send all the participants digital postcards and digital certifications for organizers to your email account in the upcoming weeks. For the paper ones, we will track the latest status of the international postal systems of all the countries and hope the postcards and certifications can be delivered to your mailboxes as soon as possible. Take good care and wish you all the best. <small>This message was sent by [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019/International Team|Wikipedia Asian Month International Team]] via [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) ००:४३, २१ जुन २०२० (नेपाली समय)</small> <!-- Message sent by User:Martin Urbanec@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/WAM_2019_Postcard&oldid=20024482 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-26 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Vessel (structure)]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Hudson Yards Plaza March 2019 18.jpg|center|300px]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Vessel''' (TKA) is a structure and landmark which was built as part of the Hudson Yards Redevelopment Project in Manhattan, New York City, New York. Construction began in April 2017; it opened on March 15, 2019. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०६:२७, २२ जुन २०२० (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=20199070 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-27 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Punt (boat)]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Boats on the river Cam.jpg|center|300px]] <span style="text-align:left;> A '''punt''' is a flat-bottomed boat with a square-cut bow, designed for use in small rivers or other shallow water. Punting is boating in a punt. The punter generally propels the punt by pushing against the river bed with a pole. A punt should not be confused with a gondola, a shallow draft vessel that is structurally different, and which is propelled by an oar rather than a pole. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०६:०५, २९ जुन २०२० (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=20201444 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-28 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:The Cobbler]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Ben Arthur, Arrochar Alps, Scotland 02.jpg|center|300px]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''The Cobbler''' (Scottish Gaelic: Beinn Artair) is a mountain of 884 metres (2,900 ft) height located near the head of Loch Long in Scotland. Although only a Corbett, it is "one of the most impressive summits in the Southern Highlands" </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०५:५१, ६ जुलाई २०२० (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=20246150 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-29 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Coraline Ada Ehmke]]'''</span><br /><small>''([[:fr:Coraline Ada Ehmke]]) ([[:nl:Coraline Ada Ehmke]]) ([[:zh:珂若蘭·愛達·安姆琪]]) ''</small> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Coraline Ada Ehmke.jpg|center|300px]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Coraline Ada Ehmke''' is a software developer and open source advocate based in Chicago, Illinois. She began her career as a web developer in 1994 and has worked in a variety of industries, including engineering, consulting, education, advertising, healthcare, and software development infrastructure. She is known for her work in Ruby, and in 2016 earned the Ruby Hero award at RailsConf, a conference for Ruby on Rails developers. She is also known for her social justice work and activism, the creation of Contributor Covenant, and promoting the widespread adoption of codes of conduct for open source projects and communities. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०५:५७, १३ जुलाई २०२० (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=20259959 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-30 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Amabie]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Higo Amabie.jpg|center|300px]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Amabie''' (アマビエ) is a legendary Japanese mermaid or merman with three legs, who allegedly emerges from the sea and prophesies either an abundant harvest or an epidemic. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०५:५७, २० जुलाई २०२० (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=20275748 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-32 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Child soldiers in the Democratic Republic of the Congo]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:DRC- Child Soldiers.jpg|center|300px]] <span style="text-align:left;> During the first and second civil conflicts which took place in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), all sides involved in the war actively recruited child soldiers, known locally as Kadogos which is a Swahili term meaning "little ones". It has been estimated that the militia led by Thomas Lubanga Dyilo was 30 percent children. In 2011 30,000 children were still operating with armed groups. The United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO), released a report in 2013 which stated that between 1 January 2012 and 31 August 2013 up to 1,000 children had been recruited by armed groups, and described the recruitment of child soldiers as "endemic". </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०६:१३, ३ अगस्त २०२० (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=20316345 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-32 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Child soldiers in the Democratic Republic of the Congo]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:DRC- Child Soldiers.jpg|center|300px]] <span style="text-align:left;> During the first and second civil conflicts which took place in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), all sides involved in the war actively recruited child soldiers, known locally as Kadogos which is a Swahili term meaning "little ones". It has been estimated that the militia led by Thomas Lubanga Dyilo was 30 percent children. In 2011 30,000 children were still operating with armed groups. The United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO), released a report in 2013 which stated that between 1 January 2012 and 31 August 2013 up to 1,000 children had been recruited by armed groups, and described the recruitment of child soldiers as "endemic". </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ११:०९, ३ अगस्त २०२० (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=20316345 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-33 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:HelloFresh]]'''</span><br /><small>''([[:es:HelloFresh]]) ''</small> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- <span style="text-align:left;> '''HelloFresh''' SE is an international publicly traded meal-kit company based in Berlin, Germany. It is the largest meal-kit provider in the United States, and also has operations in Canada, Western Europe (including Luxembourg, Germany, Belgium, France, and the Netherlands), New Zealand and Australia. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०६:५३, १० अगस्त २०२० (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=20351012 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-34 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:GRS 1915+105]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Merlin-GRS1915.gif|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''GRS 1915+105''' or V1487 Aquilae is an X-ray binary star system which features a regular star and a black hole. It was discovered on August 15, 1992 by the WATCH all-sky monitor aboard Granat. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०६:५८, १७ अगस्त २०२० (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=20354098 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-36 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Trick film]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Le Chaudron infernal (1903).webm|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> In the early history of cinema, '''trick films''' were short silent films designed to feature innovative special effects </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०६:५१, ३१ अगस्त २०२० (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=20407768 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-37 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Margerie Glacier]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Glaciar Margerie, Parque Nacional Bahía del Glaciar, Alaska, Estados Unidos, 2017-08-19, DD 33.jpg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Margerie Glacier''' is a 21 mi (34 km) long tidewater glacier in Glacier Bay, Alaska, United States within the boundaries of Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve. The glacier begins on the southern slopes of Mount Root, elevation 12,860 feet (3,920 m), on the Alaska–Canada border flowing southeast down the valley, then turning to the northeast toward its terminus in Tarr Inlet. Margerie Glacier is one of the most active and frequently-visited glaciers in Glacier Bay, which was declared a National Monument in 1925, a National Park and Preserve in 1980, a UNESCO World Biosphere Reserve in 1986 and a World Heritage Site in 1992. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०६:५१, ७ सेप्टेम्बर २०२० (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=20407768 --> == लेख सुधार सम्पादनथन प्रतियोगितामा सहभागिताको लागि आमन्त्रण == {{fmbox | image = [[File:Article Improvement Edit-a-thon logo.svg|110px|link=]] | imageright= [[File:Wikipedia-logo-v2-ne.svg|110px|link=]] | style = | textstyle = | text = <center> नेपाली विकिपिडियामा वि.सं. २०७७ असोज १ गतेदेखि वि.सं. २०७७ असोज ३० गतेसम्म यस विकिपिडियाको लेखहरू सुधार गर्न <big>'''[[विकिपिडिया:लेख सुधार सम्पादनथन|लेख सुधार सम्पादनथन]]'''</big> प्रतियोगिता सञ्चालन हुन गइरहेकोले प्रतियगितामा सहभागी हुनका लागि आफ्नो नाम '''[[विकिपिडिया:लेख सुधार सम्पादनथन/सहभागीहरू|सहभागी सूचीमा]]''' राख्न हार्दिक अनुरोध गर्दछौँ।</center>--आयोजन समितिको तर्फबाट [[User:Biplab Anand|बिप्लब आनन्द]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता_वार्ता:Biplab Anand|वार्ता]]) }} <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=910906 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-38 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Tepexpan man]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Tepexpan 1.Homo Sapiens 4,700 Years Old.jpg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> The '''Tepexpan Man''' is a Pre-Columbian-era woman skeleton, discovered by archaeologist Helmut de Terra in February 1947, on the shores of the former Lake Texcoco in central Mexico. The skeleton was found near mammoth remains and thought to be at least 10,000 years old. It was fancifully hailed by Time magazine as the oldest Mexican soldier. The skeleton was found lying face down with the arms under the chest and the legs drawn up to the stomach. The body most likely sunk into the mud surrounding it, leaving the shoulder, back, and hips exposed, which might explain why those elements are missing. It is possible that the body was originally deposited in the lake. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:०३, १४ सेप्टेम्बर २०२० (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=20433998 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-38 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Tepexpan man]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Tepexpan 1.Homo Sapiens 4,700 Years Old.jpg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> The '''Tepexpan Man''' is a Pre-Columbian-era woman skeleton, discovered by archaeologist Helmut de Terra in February 1947, on the shores of the former Lake Texcoco in central Mexico. The skeleton was found near mammoth remains and thought to be at least 10,000 years old. It was fancifully hailed by Time magazine as the oldest Mexican soldier. The skeleton was found lying face down with the arms under the chest and the legs drawn up to the stomach. The body most likely sunk into the mud surrounding it, leaving the shoulder, back, and hips exposed, which might explain why those elements are missing. It is possible that the body was originally deposited in the lake. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] १४:५४, १४ सेप्टेम्बर २०२० (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=20433998 --> == लेख सुधार सम्पादनथन प्रतियोगितामा सहभागिताको लागि आमन्त्रण == {{fmbox | image = [[File:Article Improvement Edit-a-thon logo.svg|110px|link=]] | imageright= [[File:Wikipedia-logo-v2-ne.svg|110px|link=]] | style = | textstyle = | text = <center> नेपाली विकिपिडियामा वि.सं. २०७७ असोज १ गतेदेखि वि.सं. २०७७ असोज ३० गतेसम्म यस विकिपिडियाको लेखहरू सुधार गर्न <big>'''[[विकिपिडिया:लेख सुधार सम्पादनथन|लेख सुधार सम्पादनथन]]'''</big> प्रतियोगिता सञ्चालन हुन गइरहेकोले प्रतियगितामा सहभागी हुनका लागि आफ्नो नाम '''[[विकिपिडिया:लेख सुधार सम्पादनथन/सहभागीहरू|सहभागी सूचीमा]]''' राख्न हार्दिक अनुरोध गर्दछौँ।</center>--आयोजन समितिको तर्फबाट [[User:Biplab Anand|बिप्लब आनन्द]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता_वार्ता:Biplab Anand|वार्ता]]) }} <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=910906 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-39 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Cradleboard]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Cradleboard.jpg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Cradleboards''' (Cheyenne: pâhoešestôtse, Northern Sami: gietkka, Skolt Sami: ǩiõtkâm) are traditional protective baby-carriers used by many indigenous cultures in North America and throughout northern Scandinavia amongst the Sámi. There are a variety of styles of cradleboard, reflecting the diverse artisan practises of indigenous cultures. Some indigenous communities in North America still use cradleboards. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:०९, २१ सेप्टेम्बर २०२० (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=20459445 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-40 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:White Fawn's Devotion]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:White Fawn's Devotion (1910).webm|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''''White Fawn's Devotion: A Play Acted by a Tribe of Red Indians in America''''' is a 1910 American short dramatic silent film. Although a few writers believe the film features Young Deer's wife, Lillian St. Cyr, otherwise known as Princess Red Wing as "White Fawn", the lead woman does not fit St. Cyr's description. The movie was shot in New Jersey at 24fps </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:०२, २८ सेप्टेम्बर २०२० (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=20478024 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-40 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:White Fawn's Devotion]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:White Fawn's Devotion (1910).webm|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''''White Fawn's Devotion: A Play Acted by a Tribe of Red Indians in America''''' is a 1910 American short dramatic silent film. Although a few writers believe the film features Young Deer's wife, Lillian St. Cyr, otherwise known as Princess Red Wing as "White Fawn", the lead woman does not fit St. Cyr's description. The movie was shot in New Jersey at 24fps </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ११:२७, २८ सेप्टेम्बर २०२० (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=20478024 --> == Wikipedia Asian Month 2020 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">[[File:Wikipedia_Asian_Month_Logo.svg|link=m:Wikipedia_Asian_Month_2020|right|217x217px|Wikipedia Asian Month 2020]] Hi WAM organizers and participants! Hope you are all doing well! Now is the time to sign up for [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2020|Wikipedia Asian Month 2020]], which will take place in this November. '''For organizers:''' Here are the [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2020/Organiser Guidelines|basic guidance and regulations]] for organizers. Please remember to: # use '''[https://fountain.toolforge.org/editathons/ Fountain tool]''' (you can find the [[:m:Fountain tool|usage guidance]] easily on meta page), or else you and your participants’ will not be able to receive the prize from WAM team. # Add your language projects and organizer list to the [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2020#Communities and Organizers|meta page]] before '''October 29th, 2020'''. # Inform your community members WAM 2020 is coming soon!!! # If you want WAM team to share your event information on [https://www.facebook.com/wikiasianmonth/ Facebook] / [https://twitter.com/wikiasianmonth twitter], or you want to share your WAM experience/ achievements on our blog, feel free to send an email to info@asianmonth.wiki or PM us via facebook. If you want to hold a thematic event that is related to WAM, a.k.a. [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2020#Subcontests|WAM sub-contest]]. The process is the same as the language one. '''For participants:''' Here are the [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2020#How to Participate in Contest|event regulations]] and [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month/QA|Q&A information]]. Just join us! Let’s edit articles and win the prizes! '''Here are some updates from WAM team:''' # Due to the [[:m:COVID-19|COVID-19]] pandemic, this year we hope all the Edit-a-thons are online not physical ones. # The international postal systems are not stable enough at the moment, WAM team have decided to send all the qualified participants/ organizers extra digital postcards/ certifications. (You will still get the paper ones!) # Our team has created a [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2020/WAM2020 postcards and certification deliver progress (for tracking)|meta page]] so that everyone tracking the progress and the delivery status. If you have any suggestions or thoughts, feel free to reach out the WAM team via emailing '''info@asianmonth.wiki''' or discuss on the meta talk page. If it’s urgent, please contact the leader directly ('''jamie@asianmonth.wiki'''). Hope you all have fun in Wikipedia Asian Month 2020 Sincerely yours, [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2020/International Team|Wikipedia Asian Month International Team]] 2020.10</div> <!-- Message sent by User:KOKUYO@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/WAM_2020&oldid=20508138 --> == लेख सुधार सम्पादनथन प्रतियोगिताको तथ्याङ्क अद्यावधिक == {{fmbox | image = [[File:Article Improvement Edit-a-thon logo.svg|110px|link=]] | imageright= [[File:Wikipedia-logo-v2-ne.svg|110px|link=]] | style = | textstyle = | text = <center> नेपाली विकिपिडियामा सञ्चालन भइरहेको <big>'''[[विकिपिडिया:लेख सुधार सम्पादनथन|लेख सुधार सम्पादनथन]]'''</big> प्रतियोगितामा सहभागी भइ योगदान दिनुभएकोले यहाँलाई हार्दिक धन्यवाद दिन चाहन्छौँ। प्रतियोगितामा हालसम्म भएको योगदानको आधारमा [[विकिपिडिया:लेख सुधार सम्पादनथन/नतिजा|तथ्याङ्क तालिका]] अद्यावधिक गरिएकोले यहाँले योगदान गर्नुभएको लेखमा कुनै किसिमको समस्या भएमा त्यसलाई समीक्षा गरी यथाशीघ्र सुधार गर्नुहोला। धन्यवाद</center>--आयोजन समितिको तर्फबाट [[User:Biplab Anand|बिप्लब आनन्द]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता_वार्ता:Biplab Anand|वार्ता]]) }} <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=937052 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-42 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Arctic ice pack]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Une partie de l'hémisphère nord de la Terre avec la banquise, nuage, étoile et localisation de la station météo en Alert.jpg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> The '''Arctic ice pack''' is the sea ice cover of the Arctic Ocean and its vicinity. The Arctic ice pack undergoes a regular seasonal cycle in which ice melts in spring and summer, reaches a minimum around mid-September, then increases during fall and winter. Summer ice cover in the Arctic is about 50% of winter cover </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०६:५५, १२ अक्टोबर २०२० (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=20489711 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-43 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Layshaft]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Gearbox (Autocar Handbook, 13th ed, 1935).jpg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> A '''layshaft''' is an intermediate shaft within a gearbox that carries gears, but does not transfer the primary drive of the gearbox either in or out of the gearbox. Layshafts are best known through their use in car gearboxes, where they were a ubiquitous part of the rear-wheel drive layout. With the shift to front-wheel drive, the use of layshafts is now rarer. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:०६, १९ अक्टोबर २०२० (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=20542239 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-44 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Daisy (advertisement)]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Daisy (1964).webm|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> "'''Daisy'''", sometimes known as "Daisy Girl" or "Peace, Little Girl", was a controversial political advertisement aired on television during the 1964 United States presidential election by incumbent president Lyndon B. Johnson's campaign. Though only officially aired once by the campaign, it is considered to be an important factor in Johnson's landslide victory over Barry Goldwater and an important turning point in political and advertising history. It remains one of the most controversial political advertisements ever made </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०६:१८, २६ अक्टोबर २०२० (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=20542239 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-45 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Central and Wan Chai Reclamation]]'''</span><br /> <small>''([[:zh:中環及灣仔填海計劃]]) ''</small> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Central and Wan Chai Reclamation aerial view 2018.jpg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Central and Wan Chai Reclamation''' is a project launched by the government of Hong Kong since the 1990s to reclaim land for different purposes. This includes transportation improvements such as the Hong Kong MTR Station, Airport Express Railway & Central-Wanchai Bypass, as well as public recreation space such as the Central Harbourfront Event Space, Tamar Park and the Hong Kong Observation Wheel. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:२४, २ नोभेम्बर २०२० (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=20600348 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-46 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2020 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:2001 Kunlun earthquake]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- <span style="text-align:left;> The '''2001 Kunlun earthquake''' also known as the 2001 Kokoxili earthquake, occurred on 14 November 2001 at 09:26 UTC (17:26 local time), with an epicenter near Kokoxili, close to the border between Qinghai and Xinjiang in a remote mountainous region. With a magnitude of 7.8 Mw it was the most powerful earthquake in China for 5 decades. No casualties were reported, presumably due to the very low population density and the lack of high-rise buildings. This earthquake was associated with the longest surface rupture ever recorded on land, ~450 km </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०६:५१, ९ नोभेम्बर २०२० (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=20607800 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-47 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2020 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:George C. Stoney]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- <span style="text-align:left;> '''George Cashel Stoney''' (July 1, 1916 – July 12, 2012) was an American documentary filmmaker, an educator, and the "father of public-access television." Among his films were All My Babies (1953), How the Myth Was Made (1979) and The Uprising of '34 (1995). All My Babies was entered into the National Film Registry in 2002 </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:55, 16 November 2020 (UTC)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=20638437 --> == विकिमिडिया रणनीति कार्यशाला- नेपालमा उपस्थिति सम्बन्धमा == नमस्ते {{PAGENAME}} ज्यू,<br> विकिमिडिया रणनीति अभियानको [[:m:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2018-20/Transition/Global Conversations|विश्वव्यापी वार्तालाप]] यहि नोभेम्बर २१ र २२ (पहिलो चरण) तथा डिसेम्बर ५ र ६ (दोस्रो चरण)मा हुन गइरहेको यहाँलाई जानकारी नै होला। यसै सन्दर्भमा सो विश्वव्यापी वार्तालापमा नेपाली विकिपिडिया समुदायको तर्फबाट सहभागी हुने प्रयोगकर्ताहरूले विश्वव्यापी विकिमिडिया अभियानमा नेपाली विकिपिडिया समुदायको उपस्थिति स्तरीय तरिकाले प्रस्तुत गर्नुपर्ने हुन्छ। यसकारण नेपाली विकिपिडिया समुदाय तथा दक्षिण एसियाली विकिमिडिया रणनीति अभियानका सदस्य [[:m:User:Marajozkee|राजीव दत्त]]सँगको सहकार्यमा नेपाली विकिपिडियाका सदस्यहरू सम्मिलित अनलाइन विकिमिडिया रणनीति कार्यशाला आयोजना गरेर यो समुदायको विभिन्न पक्ष तथा विकिमिडिया रणनीति अभियानसँग सम्बन्धित बुँदाहरूमाथि छलफल गर्नको लागि यहाँको उपस्थितिको लागि यो सूचना पठाइएको जानकारी गराउन चाहन्छु।<br> * मिति: सन् २०२० नोभेम्बर २० बेलुका ७ बजे * दर्ता गर्नुहोस्: [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdqF5iHzdcth-bxAqNT-sXmaS4jHn4rdKVQ3yU86bT5CbF0wQ/viewform?vc=0&c=0&w=1&flr=0&urp=gmail_link&gxids=7628 गुगल फर्म] नेपाली विकिपिडिया समुदायको तर्फबाट- [[User:Biplab Anand|बिप्लब आनन्द]] <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=937052 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-48 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2020 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Acids in wine]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:HomemadeTartaric.jpg|center|300px]] <span style="text-align:left;> The '''acids in wine''' are an important component in both winemaking and the finished product of wine. They are present in both grapes and wine, having direct influences on the color, balance and taste of the wine as well as the growth and vitality of yeast during fermentation and protecting the wine from bacteria. During the course of winemaking and in the finished wines, acetic, butyric, lactic and succinic acids can play significant roles. Most of the acids involved with wine are fixed acids with the notable exception of acetic acid, mostly found in vinegar, which is volatile and can contribute to the wine fault known as volatile acidity. Sometimes, additional acids, such as ascorbic, sorbic and sulfurous acids, are used in winemaking. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०९:४८, २३ नोभेम्बर २०२० (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=20638437 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-49 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2020 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Ludu Daw Amar]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Ludu Daw Amar portrait.jpg|center|300px]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Ludu Daw Amar''' (also Ludu Daw Ah Mar; Burmese: လူထုဒေါ်အမာ, pronounced [lùdṵ dɔ̀ ʔəmà]; 29 November 1915 – 7 April 2008) was a well known and respected leading dissident writer and journalist in Mandalay, Burma. She was married to fellow writer and journalist Ludu U Hla and was the mother of popular writer Nyi Pu Lay. She is best known for her outspoken anti-government views and radical left wing journalism besides her outstanding work on traditional Burmese arts, theatre, dance and music, and several works of translation from English, both fiction and non-fiction. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:३२, ३० नोभेम्बर २०२० (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=20716278 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-50 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2020 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Sistema Ox Bel Ha]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- <span style="text-align:left;> '''Sistema Ox Bel Ha''' (from Mayan meaning "Three Paths of Water"; short Ox Bel Ha) is a cave system in Quintana Roo, Mexico. It is the longest explored underwater cave in the world and ranks fourth including dry caves. As of May 2017 the surveyed length is 270.2 kilometers (167.9 mi) of underwater passages. There are more than 140 cenotes in the system. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:३५, ७ डिसेम्बर २०२० (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=20716278 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-52 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2020 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Merlion Park]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Merlion statue, Merlion Park, Singapore - 20110723.jpg|300px|center]] <span style="text-align:left;> The '''Merlion Park''' is a Singaporean landmark and a major tourist attraction located in the Downtown Core district of Singapore, near its Central Business District (CBD). </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:५३, २१ डिसेम्बर २०२० (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=20843458 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-53 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2020 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Azov-Syvash National Nature Park]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:О. Куюк-Тук - 1.jpg|300px|center]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Azov-Syvash National Nature Park''' is a national park of Ukraine, located on Byriuchyi island in the northwestern Azov Sea. The park was created to protect the unique coastal environment of the northwestern Azov. It is particularly important as a stop on the flyway for migratory birds, with over a million birds visiting each year. It is located in Henichesk Raion of Kherson Oblast in Ukraine. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:४०, २८ डिसेम्बर २०२० (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=20898361 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-01 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Waimakariri River]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Waimakariri03 gobeirne.jpg|300px|center]] <span style="text-align:left;> The '''Waimakariri River''' is one of the largest rivers in Canterbury, on the eastern coast of New Zealand's South Island. It flows for 151 kilometres (94 mi) in a generally southeastward direction from the Southern Alps across the Canterbury Plains to the Pacific Ocean. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:४१, ४ जनवरी २०२१ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=20917158 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-02 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Simon von Stampfer]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Simon Stampfer Litho.jpg|300px|center]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Simon Ritter von Stampfer''' (26 October 1792 (according to other sources 1790)), in Windisch-Mattrai, Archbishopric of Salzburg today called Matrei in Osttirol, Tyrol – 10 November 1864 in Vienna) was an Austrian mathematician, surveyor and inventor. His most famous invention is that of the stroboscopic disk which has a claim to be the first device to show moving images. Almost simultaneously similar devices were produced independently in Belgium (the phenakistiskop), and Britain (the Dædaleum, years later to appear as the Zoetrope). </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०६:२९, ११ जनवरी २०२१ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=20931094 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-03 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Sophia Williams-De Bruyn]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- <span style="text-align:left;> '''Sophia Theresa Williams-de Bruyn''' (born 1938) is a former South African anti-apartheid activist. She was the first recipient of the Women's Award for exceptional national service. She is the last living leader of the Women's March. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०८:०१, १८ जनवरी २०२१ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=20974651 --> == विश्वव्यापी आचार संहिता (छोटकरी रूप: युसिओसी)को दोस्रो चरण सम्बन्धमा == {{fmbox | image =[[File:Wikipedia-logo-v2-ne.svg|60px|link=]] | imageright= | style = | textstyle = | text = <center>'''सबै विकिमिडिया परियोजना र अभियान भित्र स्वीकार्य व्यवहारको एउटा सार्वभौमिक मापदण्ड प्रदान गर्न र विकिपिडियालाई एउटा सुरक्षित स्थान बनाउनको लागि [[:m:Universal Code of Conduct/ne|विश्वव्यापी आचार संहिता]]लाई समुदायमा कसरी लागु गर्ने सम्बन्धमा यस विकिपिडियाको [[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी_(नीति)#विश्वव्यापी_आचार_संहिता_(छोटकरी_रूप:_युसिओसी)को_दोस्रो_चरण_सम्बन्धमा|चौतारी]]मा छलफल भइरहेकोले आफ्नो सुझाव राख्नुहुन अनुरोध गर्दछौँ।'''</center> }} --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) ११:१३, २० जनवरी २०२१ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Saroj Uprety@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Saroj_Uprety/MassMessage&oldid=985625 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-04 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Craigieburn Range]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:View from Foggy Peak to Craigieburn Range, New Zealand.jpg|center|300px]] <span style="text-align:left;> The '''Craigieburn Range''' forms part of the Southern Alps in New Zealand's South Island. The range is located on the south banks of the Waimakariri River, south of Arthur's Pass and west of State Highway 73. The Craigieburn locality is adjacent to the Craigieburn Forest Park. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०६:५५, २५ जनवरी २०२१ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=20980516 --> == विश्वव्यापी आचार संहिता (छोटकरी रूप: युसिओसी)को दोस्रो चरण सम्बन्धमा == {{fmbox | image =[[File:Wikipedia-logo-v2-ne.svg|60px|link=]] | imageright= | style = | textstyle = | text = <div class="center">'''सबै विकिमिडिया परियोजना र अभियान भित्र स्वीकार्य व्यवहारको एउटा सार्वभौमिक मापदण्ड प्रदान गर्न र विकिपिडियालाई एउटा सुरक्षित स्थान बनाउनको लागि [[:m:Universal Code of Conduct/ne|विश्वव्यापी आचार संहिता]]लाई समुदायमा कसरी लागु गर्ने सम्बन्धमा यस विकिपिडियाको [[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी_(नीति)#विश्वव्यापी_आचार_संहिता_(छोटकरी_रूप:_युसिओसी)को_दोस्रो_चरण_सम्बन्धमा|चौतारी]]मा छलफल भइरहेकोले आफ्नो सुझाव राख्नुहुन अनुरोध गर्दछौँ।'''</div> }} --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) १९:२५, २६ जनवरी २०२१ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Saroj Uprety@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/MassMessage&oldid=988353 --> ==[[आनन्द कार्की]] [[विकिपिडिया:जीवित मानिसहरूको जीवनी हटाउने प्रस्ताव|मेटाउन प्रस्तावित]]== [[File:Ambox warning yellow.svg|left|link=|48px|]] यो [[आनन्द कार्की]] लेख [[विकिपिडिया:जीवित मानिसहरूको जीवनी हटाउने प्रस्ताव|मेटाउन प्रस्ताव]] गरिएको छ । किनकि यसले कुनै [[विकिपिडिया:स्रोत उल्लेख|स्रोत]] वा सन्दर्भहरू उल्लेख गर्दैन । [[विकिपिडिया:जीवित मानिसहरूको जीवनी हटाउने प्रस्ताव#आपत्ति|विकिपिडिया नीति]] अनुरूप, '''[[विकिपिडिया:जीवित मानिसहरूको जीवनी|जीवित मानिसहरूको जीवनी]]'''ले, यदि सात दिन भित्र कुनै स्रोतको उल्लेख नगरेमा लेख मेट्न सकिन्छ । यदि तपाईंले सिर्जना गर्नुभएको पृष्ठलाई शीघ्र हटाउनेको लागि ट्याग गरिएको छ भने, तपाईं त्यो पृष्ठमा सुधार गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ वा सम्बन्धित वार्ता पृष्ठमा तपाईको तर्क बुझाउन सक्नुहुन्छ । सन्दर्भहरू सम्मिलित गर्न मद्दतको लागि, [[विकिपिडिया:नयाँ पृष्ठ कसरी आरम्भ गर्ने|नयाँ पृष्ठ कसरी आरम्भ गर्ने]], हेर्नुहोस् । एक पटक तपाईंले कम्तीमा एक [[विकिपिडिया:स्रोत उल्लेख|स्रोत]] प्रदान गर्नुभएको छ भने, तपाईँले {{tl|prod blp/dated}} ट्याग हटाउन सक्नुहुनेछ । '''कम्तिमा एक विश्वसनीय स्रोत प्रदान नभएसम्म, कृपया, ट्याग नहटाउनु होला ।''' यदि सात दिन भित्र तपाईँले कुनै स्रोतको उल्लेख नगरेमा लेख मेट्न सकिनेछ । तर तपाइँ एक स्रोत थप्न तयार हुनुहुन्छ भने, {{#ifexist:आनन्द कार्की|नहटाउन अनुरोध गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ|[[विकिपिडिया:नमेटाउनका लागि अनुरोधहरू|नहटाउन अनुरोध गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ]]}} ।<!-- Template:ProdwarningBLP --> [[User:Biplab Anand|'''<font color="#008000"><b>बिप्लब आनन्द</b></font>''']] [[User_talk:Biplab Anand|(<small>'''म सँग कुरा गर्नुहोस'''</small>)]] १३:४०, २७ जनवरी २०२१ (नेपाली समय) == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-05 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Karoly Grosz (illustrator)]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Frankenstein (1931) by Karoly Grosz - detail from teaser poster.jpg|center|300px]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Karoly Grosz''' (1896–after 1938) was a Hungarian–American illustrator of Classical Hollywood–era film posters. As art director at Universal Pictures for the bulk of the 1930s, Grosz oversaw the company's advertising campaigns and contributed hundreds of his own illustrations. He is especially recognized for his dramatic, colorful posters for classic horror films. Grosz's best-known posters advertised early Universal Classic Monsters films such as Dracula (1931), Frankenstein (1931), The Mummy (1932), The Invisible Man (1933), and Bride of Frankenstein (1935). Beyond the horror genre, his other notable designs include posters for the epic war film All Quiet on the Western Front (1930) and the screwball comedy My Man Godfrey (1936). </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०८:३२, १ फेब्रुअरी २०२१ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=21032280 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-06 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Zambezi National Park]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Victoria Falls 2012 05 24 1629 (7421900826).jpg|center|300px]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Zambezi National Park''' is a national park located upstream from Victoria Falls on the Zambezi River in Zimbabwe. It was split off from Victoria Falls National Park in 1979 and is 56,000 hectares (140,000 acres) in size. The park is bisected by a road to Kazungula, dividing it into a riverine side and a Chamabonda Vlei side. Most of the park is within the ecoregion of Zambezian and Mopane woodlands, while a small portion in the south is within the Zambezian Baikiaea woodlands. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०८:३३, ८ फेब्रुअरी २०२१ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=21054980 --> == युसिओसी सम्बन्धी अनलाइन सामुदायिक बैठक सम्बन्धमा == नमस्ते<br> सबै विकिमिडिया परियोजना र अभियान भित्र स्वीकार्य व्यवहारको एउटा सार्वभौमिक मापदण्ड प्रदान गर्न र विकिपिडियालाई एउटा सुरक्षित स्थान बनाउनको लागि [[:m:Universal Code of Conduct/ne|विश्वव्यापी आचार संहिता]]लाई समुदायमा कसरी लागु गर्ने सम्बन्धमा सन् २०२१ फेब्रुअरी ११ मा अनलाइन सामुदायिक बैठक हुने भएकोले सहभागी हुनको लागि कृपया यो [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScOrPrBMFBqVozzWc2zsE53xrCJdQpVKQMK6QZI3zLhB8gWmQ/viewform गुगल फारम] भर्नहुन अनुरोध गर्दछु।--[[User:BAnand (WMF)|BAnand (WMF)]] ([[User_talk:BAnand (WMF)|talk]]) 02:47, 10 February 2021 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:BAnand (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=MassMessage/Lists/Nepali_Community&oldid=21091650 --> == विश्वव्यापी आचार संहिता सर्वेक्षण फारम == नमस्ते,<br> सबै विकिमिडिया परियोजना र अभियान भित्र स्वीकार्य व्यवहारको एउटा सार्वभौमिक मापदण्ड प्रदान गर्न र विकिपिडियालाई एउटा सुरक्षित स्थान बनाउनको लागि [[:m:Universal Code of Conduct/ne|विश्वव्यापी आचार संहिता]]लाई समुदायमा कसरी लागु गर्ने सम्बन्धमा सर्वेक्षण भइरहेकोले आजै [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfi47HhE6cieY_BGETK9lMSy32uJ9ArtJ3y3BbNaAWjOFiliQ/viewform यो फारम] भर्नहुन अनुरोध गर्दछु।--[[User:BAnand (WMF)|BAnand (WMF)]] ([[User talk:BAnand (WMF)|talk]]) <!-- Message sent by User:BAnand (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=MassMessage/Lists/Nepali_Community&oldid=21129898 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-08 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Princes Road Synagogue]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:The Synagogue of the Liverpool Old Hebrew Congregation - geograph.org.uk - 1703408 crop.JPG|center|300px]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Princes Road Synagogue''', located in Toxteth, Liverpool in England, is the home of the Liverpool Old Hebrew Congregation. It was founded in the late 1860s, designed by William James Audsley and George Ashdown Audsley and consecrated on 2 September 1874. It is widely regarded as the finest example of the Moorish Revival style of synagogue architecture in Great Britain </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:११, २२ फेब्रुअरी २०२१ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=21110460 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-09 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Jatindra Mohan Sengupta]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Bust Of Jatindra Mohan Sengupta in JM Sen hall crop.JPG|center|300px]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Jatindra Mohan Sengupta''' (1885 – 1933) was an Indian revolutionary against the British rule. He studied law at Downing College, Cambridge, UK. In India, he started a legal practice. He also joined in Indian politics, becoming a member of the Indian National Congress and participating in the Non-Cooperation Movement. Eventually, he gave up his legal practice in favour of his political commitment. He was arrested several times by the British police. In 1933, he died in a prison in Ranchi, India. Because of his popularity and contribution to the Indian freedom movement, Jatindra Mohan Sengupta is affectionately remembered by people of Bengal with the honorific Deshpriya or Deshapriya, meaning "beloved of the country". In many criminal cases he defended the nationalist revolutionaries in the court and saved them from the gallows. In 1985, a postal stamp was issued by the Indian Government in memory of Sengupta and his wife, Nellie. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:०६, १ मार्च २०२१ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=21139410 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-10 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Eukaryotic translation]]'''</div> Please be bold and help to translation this article! ---- [[File:Eukaryotic Translation Initiation.png|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Eukaryotic translation''' is the biological process by which messenger RNA is translated into proteins in eukaryotes. It consists of four phases: initiation, elongation, termination, and recycling. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:४३, ८ मार्च २०२१ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=21139410 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-11 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Hotel National, Moscow]]'''</div> Please be bold and help to translation this article! ---- [[File:Hotel National Moscow.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Hotel National, Moscow''' (Russian: гости́ница «Националь») is a five-star hotel in Moscow, Russia, opened in 1903. It has 202 bedrooms and 56 suites and is located on Manege Square, directly across from The Kremlin. The hotel is managed by The Luxury Collection, a division of Marriott International. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:३६, १५ मार्च २०२१ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=21210312 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-12 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Kefermarkt altarpiece]]'''</div> Please be bold and help to translation this article! ---- [[File:Kefermarkt Kirche Flügelaltar Schrein 01.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Kefermarkt altarpiece''' (German: Kefermarkter Flügelaltar) is an altarpiece in Late Gothic style in the parish church in Kefermarkt, Upper Austria. It was commissioned by the knight Christoph von Zellking and is estimated as finished in 1497. The richly decorated wooden altarpiece depicts the saints Peter, Wolfgang and Christopher in its central section. The side panels depict scenes from the life of Mary, and the altarpiece also has an intricate superstructure and two side figures showing saints George and Florian. The identity of its maker is unknown, but at least two skilled sculptors appear to have created the main statuary of the altarpiece. Throughout the centuries, the altarpiece has been altered and lost its original paint and gilding. A major restoration was made in the 19th century under the leadership of writer Adalbert Stifter. The altarpiece has been described as "one of the greatest achievements in late-medieval sculpture in the German-speaking area." <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:२५, २२ मार्च २०२१ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=21239074 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-13 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Jharia coalfield]]'''</div> Please be bold and help to translation this article! ---- [[File:Jharia coalfield, Jharkhand.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Jharia coalfield''' is the largest coal reserve in India having an estimated reserve of 19.4 billion tonnes of coking coal. The field is located in the east of India in Jharia, Jharkhand. The fields have suffered a coal bed fire since at least 1916, resulting in 37 millions tons of coal consumed by the fire, and significant ground subsidence and water and air pollution in local communities including the city of Jharia. The resulting pollution has led to a government agency designated for moving local populations, however, little progress has been made in the relocation. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:१८, २९ मार्च २०२१ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=21246220 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-15 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Mammoth central]]'''</div> Please be bold and help to translation this article! ---- [[File:A Mammoth Hunt.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Mammoth central''' is a paleontological site on the grounds of the Santa Lucía Airport in the state of Mexico, Mexico which contains the remains of at least 200 Columbian mammoths as well as 25 camels and five horses. The site is the world's largest concentration of mammoth remains; the previous was the Mammoth Site of Hot Springs in South Dakota with only 61 individuals. Human tools and carved bones have also been discovered at the site, suggesting that humans utilized the site to trap and kill large mammals. More fossils continue to be found at the site. The dig will end in 2022, when the airport's construction is projected to conclude. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:33, ०७:३०, १२ अप्रिल २०२१ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=21319298 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-16 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Palo Alto Baylands Nature Preserve]]'''</div> Please be bold and help to translation this article! ---- [[File:Palo Alto Baylands January 2013 002.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''The Palo Alto Baylands Nature Preserve''', known officially as the Baylands Nature Preserve, is the largest tract of undisturbed marshland remaining in the San Francisco Bay. Fifteen miles of multi-use trails provide access to a unique mixture of tidal and fresh water habitats. The preserve encompasses 1,940 acres in both Palo Alto and East Palo Alto, and is owned by the city of Palo Alto, California, United States <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:१२, १९ अप्रिल २०२१ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=21356077 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-17 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Metropolitan Waterworks Museum]]'''</div> Please be bold and help to translation this article! ---- [[File:High Service Pumping Station, Chestnut Hill, Sudbury Aqueduct.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Waterworks Museum''' is a museum in the Che]stnut Hill Waterworks building, originally a high-service pumping station of the Boston Metropolitan Waterworks <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०९:३०, २६ अप्रिल २०२१ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=21376318 --> == महत्वपूर्ण सामुदायिक छलफलमा सहभागिताको लागि आह्वान == नमस्ते, आदरणीय नेपाली विकिपिडिया सम्पादनकर्ता मित्र<br> नेपाली विकिपिडियाको [[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी_(नीति)#फाउन्डेसन_अनुदान_सम्बन्धमा_सामुदायिक_परामर्श|चौतारी]]मा महत्वपूर्ण सामुदायिक छलफल भइरहेकोले कृपया सहभागी भई आफ्नो महत्वपूर्ण मत राख्नुहोला। धन्यवाद <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/MassMessage&oldid=988353 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-19 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Sarah E. Goode]]'''</div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Sarah E Goode.png|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Sarah Elisabeth Goode''' (1850 – April 8, 1905) was an inventor. She was the second known African-American woman to receive the MOST, a United States patent, which she received in 1885. The first known African-American woman to receive a patent was Judy W. Reed on September 23, 1884, but Reed only signed her patent with her mark (an X) and not her signature. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:०७, १० मे २०२१ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=21420930 --> == अनुदान विषयमा केन्द्रीय नीति नियम == नमस्ते आदरणीय सम्पादक मित्र,<br> '''[[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी_(नीति)#अनुदान_विषयमा_केन्द्रीय_नीति_नियम|अनुदान]]'''को विषयमा एउटा केन्द्रीय नीति नियम बनाउनको लागि नेपाली विकिपिडियाको चौतारीमा छलफल भइरहेकोले कृपया आफ्नो अमूल्य सुझाव राख्नहुन अनुरोध गर्दछु। धन्यवाद <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/MassMessage&oldid=1005419 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-20 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Zuzu Angel]]'''</div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Zuzu Angel durante o lançamento de sua coleção em Nova York, 1972.tif|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Zuleika Angel Jones''' (June 5, 1921 – April 14, 1976), better known as Zuzu Angel, was a Brazilian-American fashion designer, who became famous for opposing the Brazilian military dictatorship after the forced disappearance of her son, Stuart. She was also the mother of journalist Hildegard Angel. In 2014, the National Truth Commission created to gather and review information about crimes committed during the years of the CIA and U.S. government-backed Brazilian military dictatorship, a former agent of the military repression named Cláudio Antônio Guerra, confirmed the participation of agents of the security apparatus in the death of Angel. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०६:५५, १७ मे २०२१ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=21420930 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-21 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Blue space]]'''</div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Downtown Green Bay CityDeck along the Fox River.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Blue space''' in urban planning and design comprises all the areas dominated by surface waterbodies or watercourses. In conjunction with greenspace (parks, gardens, etc. specifically: urban open space), it may help in reducing the risks of heat-related illness from high urban temperatures. Substantial urban waterbodies naturally exist as integral features of the geography of many cities because of their historical geopolitical significance. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:१६, २४ मे २०२१ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=21481888 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-23 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Breakthrough infection]]'''</div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> A '''breakthrough infection''' is a case of illness in which a vaccinated individual becomes sick from the same illness that the vaccine is meant to prevent. Simply, they occur when vaccines fail to provide immunity against the pathogen they are designed to target. In April 2021, the CDC reported that in the United States there were 5,814 COVID-19 breakthrough infections, and 74 deaths, among the more than 75 million people fully vaccinated for the COVID-19 virus. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:१३, ७ जुन २०२१ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=21481888 --> == अनुदान विषयमा केन्द्रीय नीति नियम == नमस्ते आदरणीय सम्पादक मित्र,<br> '''[[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी_(नीति)#अनुदान_विषयमा_केन्द्रीय_नीति_नियम|अनुदान]]'''को विषयमा एउटा केन्द्रीय नीति नियम बनाउनको लागि नेपाली विकिपिडियाको चौतारीमा छलफल भइरहेकोले कृपया आफ्नो अमूल्य सुझाव राख्नहुन अनुरोध गर्दछु। धन्यवाद --समुदायको तर्फबाट [[User:Biplab Anand|बिप्लब आनन्द]] ११:१०, ९ जुन २०२१ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/MassMessage&oldid=1005419 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-24 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Tutankhamun's trumpets]]'''</div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Silver trumpet from Tutankhamun's tomb.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Tutankhamun's trumpets''' are a pair of trumpets found in the burial chamber of the Eighteenth Dynasty Pharaoh Tutankhamun. The trumpets, one of sterling silver and one of bronze or copper, are considered to be the oldest operational trumpets in the world, and the only known surviving examples from ancient Egypt. The trumpets were found in 1922 by Howard Carter during the excavation of Tutankhamun's tomb. The bronze trumpet was discovered in the tomb's antechamber in a large chest containing various military objects and walking sticks. The silver trumpet was subsequently found in the burial chamber. Both are finely engraved, with decorative images of the gods Ra-Horakhty, Ptah and Amun. The silver trumpet's bell is engraved with a whorl of sepals and calices representing a lotus flower, and the praenomen and nomen of the king. The bronze trumpet may in fact be made of copper; the metal has not yet been analysed. Similar looking trumpets feature in Egyptian wall-paintings that are usually, though not always, associated with military scenes. Silent for over 3,000 years, the trumpets were sounded before a live audience of an estimated 150 million listeners through an international BBC broadcast aired on 16 April 1939. The trumpets were played by a bandsman, James Tappern of Prince Albert's Own 11th Royal Hussars regiment. The recording was recently featured, and can be heard on the BBC Radio 4 program Ghost Music. Rex Keating, who presented the 1939 broadcast, later claimed that during a rehearsal, the silver trumpet shattered, and Alfred Lucas, a member of Carter's team who had restored the finds, was so distressed he needed to go to hospital. Due to their fragility, it is unlikely the trumpets will be played again in any official musical reconstructions. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:०९, २१ जुन २०२१ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=21601956 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-26 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Sumidouro State Park]]'''<br /><small>''([[:pt:Parque Estadual do Sumidouro]]) ''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Texturas da Gruta da Lapinha.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Sumidouro State Park''' (Portuguese: Parque Estadual do Sumidouro) is a state park in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The remains of the first human inhabitants of Brazil were found in the park area in the early 19th century, along with bones of now-extinct megafauna. The main attraction is the Gruta da Lapinha, a large limestone cave. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:१२, २८ जुन २०२१ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=21601956 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-27 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:fr:Justus Ier]]'''<br /><small>''([[:en:Justus of Jerusalem]]) ''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Justus I''' was a 2nd-century Jewish Christian leader, third bishop of Jerusalem, supposedly tied to the family of Jesus. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०६:५७, ५ जुलाई २०२१ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=21653910 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-28 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:El Palo Alto]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:El-palo-alto-tree-california.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''El Palo Alto''' (Spanish for 'the tall pole' or 'post') is a coastal redwood (Sequoia sempervirens) located in El Palo Alto Park on the banks of San Francisquito Creek in Palo Alto, California, United States. It is famous for its historical significance and as the namesake of the city of Palo Alto. As of July 2016, El Palo Alto is currently 110 feet (33.5 meters) in height, down from 162.2 feet (49.4 meters) in 1814. Its top progressively died from 1865 to 1955 from lowering of the water table so that its roots could no longer reach sustenance. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०८:३७, १२ जुलाई २०२१ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=21702842 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-29 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Sèvres Egyptian Service]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Plate showing statues of Amenhotep III at Luxor, Egypt. Commissioned by Napoleon as a present to Josephine but she rejected it. From France. The Victoria and Albert Museum, London.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Sèvres Egyptian Service''' is a name used for two sets of tableware made by the Manufacture nationale de Sèvres during the First French Empire. The first was produced between 1804 and 1806 for Napoleon I and was presented by him to Alexander I of Russia in 1808, as a diplomatic gift following the Treaties of Tilsit. It is now held in the State Museum of Ceramics in Russia. The second set was produced between 1810 and 1812. It was intended as a gift from Napoleon to Empress Joséphine. The service consisted of 72 plates with the wells depicting scenes from Egypt based on sketches made by Vivant Denon. Joséphine refused to accept the service, which she described as "too severe". It was returned to the factory and given as a gift to the Duke of Wellington by Louis XVIII in 1818, following the Bourbon Restoration. The service was purchased by the Victoria and Albert Museum in 1979 and, except for one plate, was loaned to English Heritage to display at Apsley House, London, the former residence of the first duke. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:११, १९ जुलाई २०२१ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=21719762 --> == [Wikimedia Foundation elections 2021] Candidates meet with South Asia + ESEAP communities == Hello, As you may already know, the [[:m:Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2021|2021 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees elections]] are from 4 August 2021 to 17 August 2021. Members of the Wikimedia community have the opportunity to elect four candidates to a three-year term. After a three-week-long Call for Candidates, there are [[:m:Template:WMF elections candidate/2021/candidates gallery|20 candidates for the 2021 election]]. An <u>event for community members to know and interact with the candidates</u> is being organized. During the event, the candidates will briefly introduce themselves and then answer questions from community members. The event details are as follows: *Date: 31 July 2021 (Saturday) *Timings: [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1627727412 check in your local time] :*Bangladesh: 4:30 pm to 7:00 pm :*India & Sri Lanka: 4:00 pm to 6:30 pm :*Nepal: 4:15 pm to 6:45 pm :*Pakistan & Maldives: 3:30 pm to 6:00 pm * Live interpretation is being provided in Hindi. *'''Please register using [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSflJge3dFia9ejDG57OOwAHDq9yqnTdVD0HWEsRBhS4PrLGIg/viewform?usp=sf_link this form] For more details, please visit the event page at [[:m:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2021/Meetings/South Asia + ESEAP|Wikimedia Foundation elections/2021/Meetings/South Asia + ESEAP]]. Hope that you are able to join us, [[:m:User:KCVelaga (WMF)|KCVelaga (WMF)]], १२:१७, २३ जुलाई २०२१ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:KCVelaga (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:KCVelaga_(WMF)/Targets/Temp&oldid=21774692 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-30 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:La plus que lente]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:La Plus Que Lente (edit).ogg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''''La plus que lente''''', L. 121 is a waltz for solo piano written by Claude Debussy in 1910, shortly after his publication of the Préludes, Book I <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:३०, २६ जुलाई २०२१ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=21757255 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-31 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Abstract photography]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Denkmal für die ermordeten Juden Europas .jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Abstract photography''', sometimes called non-objective, experimental or conceptual photography, is a means of depicting a visual image that does not have an immediate association with the object world and that has been created through the use of photographic equipment, processes or materials. An abstract photograph may isolate a fragment of a natural scene in order to remove its inherent context from the viewer, it may be purposely staged to create a seemingly unreal appearance from real objects, or it may involve the use of color, light, shadow, texture, shape and/or form to convey a feeling, sensation or impression. The image may be produced using traditional photographic equipment like a camera, darkroom or computer, or it may be created without using a camera by directly manipulating film, paper or other photographic media, including digital presentations. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:१३, २ अगस्ट २०२१ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=21796451 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-32 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Michaux-Perreaux steam velocipede]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Michaux-Perreaux steam velocipède.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Michaux-Perreaux steam velocipede''' was a steam powered velocipede made in France sometime from 1867 to 1871, when a small Louis-Guillaume Perreaux commercial steam engine was attached to a Pierre Michaux manufactured iron framed pedal bicycle. It is one of three motorcycles claimed to be the first motorcycle, along with the Roper steam velocipede of 1867 or 1868, and the internal combustion engine Daimler Reitwagen of 1885. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:१४, ९ अगस्ट २०२१ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=21796451 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-33 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:zh:祝融号火星车]]'''<br /><small>''([[:en:Zhurong (rover)]]) ''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Mars Global Remote Sensing Orbiter and Small Rover at IAC Bremen 2018 02.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Zhurong''' (Chinese: 祝融; pinyin: Zhùróng) is China's first Mars rover, which formed part of the Chinese Tianwen 1 mission to Mars. It landed on May 14, 2021, to make China the second country to successfully soft land on Mars and establish communications from the Martian surface, after the United States. Zhurong was successfully deployed on 22 May 2021, 02:40 UTC <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०८:५१, १६ अगस्ट २०२१ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=21857549 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-34 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Luna Park (Coney Island, 1903)]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Night in Luna Park, Coney Island (1905).jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Luna Park''' was an amusement park in Coney Island, Brooklyn, New York City. Luna Park was located on a site bounded by Surf Avenue to the south, West 8th Street to the east, Neptune Avenue to the north, and West 12th Street to the west. Luna Park opened in 1903 and operated until 1944. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:२४, २३ अगस्ट २०२१ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=21914746 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-35 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Independence Day (Philippines)]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:PH flags near ccp.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Independence Day''' (Filipino: Araw ng Kasarinlán; also known as Araw ng Kalayaan, "Day of Freedom") is an annual national holiday in the Philippines observed on June 12, commemorating the declaration of Philippine independence from Spain in 1898. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०६:५३, ३० अगस्ट २०२१ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=21948194 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-36 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Flyby (spaceflight)]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:PIA22316 MarCO InSight.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> A '''flyby''' (/ˈflaɪˌbaɪ/) is a spaceflight operation in which a spacecraft passes in proximity to another body, usually a target of its space exploration mission and/or a source of a gravity assist to impel it towards another target <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:२५, ६ सेप्टेम्बर २०२१ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=21969329 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-37 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Whang Youn Dai Achievement Award]]'''<br /><small>''([[:ko:황연대 성취상]]) ''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Whang Youn Dai Achievement Award''' is named after South Korean Dr. Whang Youn Dai, who contracted polio at the age of three. She devoted her life to the development of paralympic sport in Korea and around the world. At the 1988 Paralympic Summer Games in Seoul, Korea, the International Paralympic Committee (IPC) recognized her lifelong contributions to the Paralympic Movement and established the Whang Youn Dai Achievement Award (formerly the Whang Youn Dai Overcome Prize). Since then, this award has been presented at every Paralympic Games to one male and one female athlete who each "best exemplify the spirit of the Games and inspire and excite the world". <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०८:४०, १३ सेप्टेम्बर २०२१ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=22004646 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-39 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Behavior-altering parasite]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Succinea mit Leucocholoridium.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Behavior-altering parasites''' are parasites with two or more hosts, capable of causing changes in the behavior of one of their hosts to enhance their transmission, sometimes directly affecting the hosts' decision-making and behavior control mechanisms. They do this by making the intermediate host, where they may reproduce asexually, more likely to be eaten by a predator at a higher trophic level which becomes the definitive host where the parasite reproduces sexually. Examples can be found in bacteria, protozoa, viruses, and animals. Parasites may also alter the host behaviour to increase the protection to the parasites or their offspring. The term bodyguard manipulation is used for such mechanisms. Among the behavioral changes caused by parasites is carelessness, making their hosts easier prey. The protozoan Toxoplasma gondii, for example, infects small rodents and causes them to become careless and may even cause them to become attracted to the smell of feline urine, both of which increase their risk of predation and the parasite's chance of infecting a cat, its definitive host. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:४७, २७ सेप्टेम्बर २०२१ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=22066226 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-41 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Proclamation Day of the Republic of Latvia]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:18.novembra svinīgie pasākumi (30966699131).jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Proclamation Day of the Republic of Latvia''' is celebrated annually on 18 November. It marks the anniversary of the Proclamation of Independence of Latvia by the People's Council of Latvia in 1918. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०६:४९, ११ अक्टोबर २०२१ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=22160753 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-42 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Juice jacking]]'''<br /><small>''([[:fr:Juice jacking]]) ([[:de:Juice jacking]]) ''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Juice jacking''' is a type of cyber attack involving a charging port that doubles as a data connection, typically over USB. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०८:०१, १८ अक्टोबर २०२१ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=22187362 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-43 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Cape Kidnappers]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Cape Kidnappers, New Zealand.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Cape Kidnappers''' / Te Kauwae-a-Māui is a headland at the southeastern extremity of Hawke's Bay on the east coast of New Zealand's North Island and sits at the end of an 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) peninsula which protrudes into the Pacific Ocean. It is 20 kilometres (12 mi) south-east of the city of Napier. Access to the Cape by road stops at Clifton, which is the departure point for many tourists. The Cape Kidnappers Golf Course lies between the headland and the nearby coastal community of Te Awanga. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:५०, २५ अक्टोबर २०२१ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=22229282 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-44 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Islamic ornament]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Abu 'Inaniya.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Islamic ornament''' is the use of decorative patterns in Islamic art. They can be broadly divided into the arabesque, using curving plant-based elements, geometric patterns with straight lines or regular curves, and calligraphy, consisting of religious texts with stylised appearance, used both decoratively and to convey meaning. All three often involve elaborate interlacing. The three types of ornament are often used together. Islamic decoration has had a significant influence on European decorative artforms, especially as Western arabesque. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:५३, १ नोभेम्बर २०२१ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=22272778 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-45 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Southern Crab Nebula]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:The Crab of the Southern Sky Hen 2-104.tif|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Southern Crab Nebula''' (or WRAY-16-47 or Hen 2-104) is a nebula in the constellation Centaurus. The nebula is several thousand light years from Earth, and its central star is a symbiotic Mira variable - white dwarf pair. It is named for its resemblance to the Crab Nebula, which is in the northern sky. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०६:५८, ८ नोभेम्बर २०२१ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=22282200 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-46 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Netto Question]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Questão Netto 1.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Netto Question''' (Portuguese: Questão Netto) was the largest collective action for the liberation of slaves in the Americas. The lawsuit is related to the liberation of 217 slaves in Brazilian lands in the 1870s. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:५३, १५ नोभेम्बर २०२१ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=22333164 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-47 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Casa Grande del Pueblo]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Plaza Murillo .jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Casa Grande del Pueblo''' (English: Great House of the People), is the Bolivian presidential residence that replaced the Palacio Quemado in 2018. Inaugurated on 9 August 2018 during the presidency of Evo Morales as the official residence of the President of Bolivia, the interim government of Jeanine Áñez reverted to occupying the Palacio Quemado from 2019 to 2020. Following the inauguration of Luis Arce on 8 November 2020, it has again become the residence of the president. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:१९, २२ नोभेम्बर २०२१ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=22360705 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-48 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:William Morrison (chemist)]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Arntz and Morrison 1890.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''William Morrison''' (23 August 1855 – 29 August 1927) was a Scottish chemist. His background in chemistry piqued his interest in improving storage batteries. He concentrated on how to produce the most available energy for a unit of weight for efficiency in the working of an individual battery cell. Eventually, he developed storage batteries far more powerful than what had then been available. To demonstrate his batteries, Morrison installed 24 of them on a common horse-drawn carriage and attached an electric motor to the rear axle to be powered by them. Through various innovations, he developed the controls for the power used and the vehicle's steering so that the driver had complete control. Morrison invented the first practical self-powered four-wheeled electric carriage in the United States. His electric vehicle was the first to be driven in Chicago and in his hometown of Des Moines, Iowa. This electric horseless buggy of the late 19th century helped pave the way for the hybrid electric automobile of the 21st century. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०६:३९, २९ नोभेम्बर २०२१ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=22383453 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-49 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Wildlife of Madagascar]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Maki.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The composition of '''Madagascar's wildlife''' reflects the fact that the island has been isolated for about 88 million years. The prehistoric breakup of the supercontinent Gondwana separated the Madagascar-Antarctica-India landmass from the Africa-South America landmass around 135 million years ago. Madagascar later split from India about 88 million years ago, allowing plants and animals on the island to evolve in relative isolation. As a result of the island's long isolation from neighboring continents, Madagascar is home to an abundance of plants and animals found nowhere else on Earth. Approximately 90 percent of all plant and animal species found in Madagascar are endemic, including the lemurs (a type of strepsirrhine primate), the carnivorous fossa and many birds. This distinctive ecology has led some ecologists to refer to Madagascar as the "eighth continent", and the island has been classified by Conservation International as a biodiversity hotspot. As recent as 2021, the "smallest reptile on earth" was also found in Madagascar, known as the Brookesia nana, or nano-chameleon. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:५८, ६ डिसेम्बर २०२१ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=22394149 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-50 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Phromnia rosea]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Flatid leaf bugs and nymphs (Phromnia rosea).jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''''Phromnia rosea''''', the flower-spike bug or the flatid leaf bug, is a species of planthopper in the family Flatidae. It is found in dry, tropical forests in Madagascar, and the adult insects are gregarious, the groups orienting themselves in such a way that they resemble a flower spike <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:२९, १३ डिसेम्बर २०२१ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=22394149 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-51 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Great Meadow National Nature Park]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Velykyi Luh.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Great Meadow National Nature Park''' (Ukrainian: Великий Луг (національний природний парк)) (also, Velykyi Luh) covers historic steppe terrain in southeast Ukraine. It is on the south bank of the Dnieper River's Kakhovka Reservoir, which was created by the Dnieper Hydroelectric Station. The meadows and reed beds on the shore support one of the largest transmigration spots for birds in Eastern Europe <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०८:००, २० डिसेम्बर २०२१ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=22450595 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-52 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Luís Gama]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Luiz Gama by Raul Pompeia 1882.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Luís Gonzaga Pinto da Gama''' (Salvador, June 21, 1830 – São Paulo, August 24, 1882) was a Brazilian Rábula (self-taught lawyer), abolitionist, orator, journalist and writer, and the Patron of the Abolition of Slavery in Brazil. Born to a free black mother and a white father, he was nevertheless made a slave at the age of 10, and remained illiterate until the age of 17. He judicially won his own freedom and began to work as a lawyer on behalf of the captives, and by the age of 29 he was already an established author and considered "the greatest abolitionist in Brazil". <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:२६, २७ डिसेम्बर २०२१ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=22472971 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-01 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Christmas tree production]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Christmas tree farm East Lansing MI check for pine shoot beetles.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Christmas tree production''' occurs worldwide on Christmas tree farms, in artificial tree factories and from native strands of pine and fir trees. Christmas trees, pine and fir trees purposely grown for use as a Christmas tree, are grown on plantations in many western nations, including Australia, the United Kingdom and the United States. In Australia, the industry is relatively new, and nations such as the United States, Germany and Canada are among world leaders in annual production. Great Britain consumes about 8 million trees annually, while in the United States between 35 and 40 million trees are sold during the Christmas season. Artificial Christmas trees are mostly produced in the Pearl River delta area of China. Christmas tree prices were described using a Hotelling-Faustmann model in 2001, the study showed that Christmas tree pr <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] १७:२७, ३ जनवरी २०२२ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=22519540 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-02 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Lobster War]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:fr:Conflit de la langouste entre la France et le Brésil]]) ''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Brazilian Boeing B-17 flies over the French destroyer Tartu (D636) during the 1963 Lobster War.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''The Lobster War''' (also known as the Lobster Operation; Portuguese: Guerra da Lagosta; French: Conflit de la langouste) was a dispute over spiny lobsters which occurred from 1961 to 1963 between Brazil and France. The Brazilian government refused to allow French fishing vessels to catch spiny lobsters 100 miles (160 km) off the Brazilian northeast coast, arguing that lobsters "crawl along the continental shelf", while the French maintained that "lobsters swim" and that, therefore, they might be caught by any fishing vessel from any country. The dispute was resolved unilaterally by Brazil, which extended its territorial waters to a 200-nautical-mile (370 km; 230 mi) zone, taking in the disputed lobsters' bed. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:२०, १० जनवरी २०२२ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=22519540 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-03 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Henry Adams Thompson]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Henry A. Thompson.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Henry Adams Thompson''' (March 23, 1837 – July 8, 1920) was an American prohibitionist and professor who was the vice-presidential nominee of the Prohibition Party in 1880. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:५४, १७ जनवरी २०२२ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=22614498 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-04 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Koz Castle]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Kozkalesi.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Koz Castle''' (Turkish: Koz Kalesi), or Kürşat Castle is a castle in the Altınözü district of the Hatay Province of Turkey. It has been involved in the Crusades in the 12th and 13th century. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:४३, २४ जनवरी २०२२ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=22621333 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-06 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Log bucking]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Bucker2.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Bucking''' is the process of cutting a felled and delimbed tree into logs. Significant value can be lost by sub-optimal bucking because logs destined for plywood, lumber, and pulp each have their own value and specifications for length, diameter, and defects. Cutting from the top down is overbucking and from the bottom up is underbucking. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०९:११, ७ फेब्रुअरी २०२२ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=22758274 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-07 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Bidriware]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Bidriware Hookah.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Bidriware''' is a metal handicraft from Bidar, India. It was developed in the 14th century C.E. during the rule of the Bahamani Sultans. The term "bidriware" originates from the township of Bidar, which is still the chief centre for the manufacture of the unique metalware. Due to its striking inlay artwork, bidriware is an important export handicraft of India and is prized as a symbol of wealth. The metal used is a blackened alloy of zinc and copper inlaid with thin sheets of pure silver. This native art form has obtained Geographical Indications (GI) registry. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:२८, १४ फेब्रुअरी २०२२ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=22779496 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-08 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:simple:Loktak Folklore Museum]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:mni:ꯂꯣꯛꯇꯥꯛ ꯈꯨꯟꯅꯨꯡ ꯄꯨꯀꯩ ꯂꯟꯀꯩ ꯁꯪꯂꯦꯟ]]) ''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:LOKTAK FOLKLORE MUSEUM.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Loktak Folklore Museum''' or the Thanga Folklore Museum is a folk museum in Thanga Island in the Loktak lake of Manipur. It cares for and displays a collection of artistic, cultural and historical artefacts associated with the Loktak lake. The museum preserves the folk customs and beliefs, folk medicines, folk literature associated with the Loktak lake. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:०३, २१ फेब्रुअरी २०२२ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=22779496 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-09 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Shapur I's victory relief at Naqsh-e Rostam]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Naghsh-e rostam, Irán, 2016-09-24, DD 12.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Shapur I's victory relief at Naqsh-e Rostam''' is located 3 kilometers north of Persepolis. It is the most impressive of eight Sasanian rock carvings cut into the cliff beneath the tombs of their Achaemenid predecessors <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०८:१२, २८ फेब्रुअरी २०२२ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=22779496 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-10 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Day of the National Flag (Ukraine)]]'''<br /><small>''([[:uk:День Державного Прапора України]]) ''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Flag of Ukraine.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> August 23 every year since 2004 <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:४२, ७ मार्च २०२२ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=22918026 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-11 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Hermila Galindo]]'''<br /><small>''([[:es:Hermila Galindo]]) ''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Portrait of Hermila Galindo.png|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Hermila Galindo Acosta''' (also known as Hermila Galindo de Topete) (2 June 1886 – 18 August 1954) was a Mexican feminist and a writer. She was an early supporter of many radical feminist issues, primarily sex education in schools, women's suffrage, and divorce. She was one of the first feminists to state that Catholicism in Mexico was thwarting feminist efforts, and was the first woman to run for elected office in Mexico. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:०८, १४ मार्च २०२२ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=22964474 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-12 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Farn-Sasan]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Bronze coin of Farn-Sasan.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Farn-Sasan''' was the last king of the Indo-Parthian Kingdom, ruling the region of Sakastan approximately from 210 to 226. Literary sources makes no mention of him, and he is only known through the coins he issued. He was defeated in 226 by the Sasanian ruler Ardashir I (r. 224–242), which marked the end of Indo-Parthian rule. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] १२:१४, २१ मार्च २०२२ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=23020670 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-13 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Dummy tank]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Inflatable dummy weapons - NARA - 292565.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Dummy tanks''' superficially resemble real tanks and are often deployed as a means of military deception in the absence of real tanks. Early designs included wooden shells and inflatable props that could fool enemy intelligence; they were fragile and only believable from a distance. Modern designs are more advanced and can imitate heat signatures, making them more effective illusions. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:३६, २८ मार्च २०२२ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=23058505 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-15 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Ankarana Reserve]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Tsingy Ankarana Madagascar 16-07-2004.JPG|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Ankarana Special Reserve''' in northern Madagascar was created in 1956. It is a small, partially vegetated plateau composed of 150-million-year-old middle Jurassic limestone <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:०९, ११ अप्रिल २०२२ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=23120296 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-16 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Gwoździec Synagogue]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:pl:Synagoga w Gwoźdźcu]]) ''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Warszawa - synagoga z Gwoźdźca 2.JPG|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''synagogue''' was erected around 1650 in Gwoździec (Ukrainian: Гвіздець - Hvizdets), then in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, today in the Kolomyia Raion, Ukraine. The building was seriously damaged in a fire during World War I. It was rebuilt in the interwar period, but destroyed completely by the Germans in 1941 <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:०९, १८ अप्रिल २०२२ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=23159940 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-17 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:School of the Air]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:SchooloftheAir.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''School of the Air''' is a generic term for correspondence schools catering for the primary and early secondary education of children in remote and outback Australia where some or all classes were historically conducted by radio, although this is now replaced by telephone and internet technology. In these areas, the school-age population is too small for a conventional school to be viable. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:२२, २५ अप्रिल २०२२ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=23192890 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-18 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:K-ration]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:KRation Breakfast.JPG|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''K-ration''' was an individual daily combat food ration which was introduced by the United States Army during World War II. It was originally intended as an individually packaged daily ration for issue to airborne troops, tank crews, motorcycle couriers, and other mobile forces for short durations. The K-ration provided three separately boxed meal units: Breakfast, Dinner, and Supper. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:24, ०९:४९, २ मे २०२२ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=23227238 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-19 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Cyrus the Great Day]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:7aban1394.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Cyrus the Great Day''' (Persian: روز کوروش بزرگ, romanized: ruz-e kuroš-e bozorg) is an unofficial Iranian holiday that takes place on the seventh day of Aban, the eighth month of the Solar Hijri calendar (October 29th on the Gregorian calendar), to commemorate Cyrus the Great, the founder of the ancient Achaemenid Persian Empire. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:४६, ९ मे २०२२ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=23227238 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-20 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Lift Every Voice and Sing]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Lift Every Voice and Sing - U.S. Navy Band Southwest, Jacksonville, Fla.opus|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> "'''''Lift Every Voice and Sing'''''" – often referred to as the Black national anthem in the United States – is a hymn with lyrics by James Weldon Johnson (1871–1938) and set to music by his brother, J. Rosamond Johnson (1873–1954), for the anniversary of President Abraham Lincoln's birthday in 1900 <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:४२, १६ मे २०२२ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=23227238 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-22 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Zangbeto]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Zangbeto.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Zangbeto''' are the traditional voodoo guardians of the night among the Ogu or Egun people of Benin, Togo and Nigeria. A traditional police and security institution, the Zangbeto cult is charged with the maintenance of law and order, and ensures safety and security within Ogu communities <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:५०, ३० मे २०२२ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=23338388 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-23 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Trabala vishnou]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Trabala vishnou (Walker, 1855) Rose Myrtle Lappet Moth female Lasiocampidae (16076304697).jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Trabala vishnou''', the rose-myrtle lappet moth, is a moth of the family Lasiocampidae. It is found in south-east Asia, including Pakistan, India, Thailand, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Java, China, Japan, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Vietnam and Indonesia. Four subspecies are recognized. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:०९, ६ जुन २०२२ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=23366994 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-24 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Tirumala septentrionis]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Dark blue tiger (Tirumala septentrionis dravidarum).jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Tirumala septentrionis''', the dark blue tiger, is a danaid butterfly found in the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:२०, १३ जुन २०२२ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=23389957 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-25 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Statehood Day (Slovenia)]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:sl:Dan državnosti]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Statehood Day''' (Slovene: Dan državnosti) is a holiday that occurs on every 25 June in Slovenia to commemorate the country's declaration of independence from Yugoslavia in 1991. Although the formal declaration of independence did not come until 26 June 1991, Statehood Day is considered to be 25 June since that was the date on which the initial acts regarding independence were passed and Slovenia became independent <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०९:१७, २० जुन २०२२ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=23396992 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-26 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Roll Out Solar Array]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:View of the ISS taken during Crew-2 flyaround (ISS066-E-080651).jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Roll Out Solar Array''' (ROSA) and its larger version ISS Roll Out Solar Array (iROSA) are lightweight, flexible power sources designed by NASA to be deployed and used in space. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:०९, २७ जुन २०२२ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=23436479 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-27 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:The Road Goes Ever On (song)]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Hobbiton, New Zealand.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> "'''The Road Goes Ever On'''" is a title that encompasses several walking songs that J. R. R. Tolkien wrote for his Middle-earth legendarium. Within the stories, the original song was composed by Bilbo Baggins and recorded in The Hobbit. Different versions of it also appear in The Lord of the Rings, along with some similar walking songs. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०६:३६, ४ जुलाई २०२२ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=23473250 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-28 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Everard Calthrop]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Everard Richard Calthrop''' (3 March 1857 – 30 March 1927) was a British railway engineer and inventor. Calthrop was a notable promoter and builder of narrow-gauge railways, especially of 2 ft 6 in (762 mm) narrow gauge, and was especially prominent in India. His most notable achievement was the Barsi Light Railway, but he is best known in his home country for the Leek and Manifold Valley Light Railway. Calthrop has been described as a "railway genius. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:४९, ११ जुलाई २०२२ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=23502841 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-29 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Church of St. Clare, Horodkivka]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Horodkivka Catholic Church RB.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Church of St. Clare, Horodkivka''' is a Roman Catholic religious building and an architectural monument of local importance in the village of Horodkivka (alternative spelling Gorodkivka), Andrushivka Raion, Zhytomyr region, Ukraine. Horodkivka was called Khalaimgorodok before 1946 <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:३०, १८ जुलाई २०२२ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=23502841 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-30 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Sack of Shamakhi]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:fa:تاراج شماخی]]) ''</small></div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Sack of Shamakhi''' took place on 18 August 1721, when rebellious Sunni Lezgins, within the declining Safavid Empire, attacked the capital of Shirvan province, Shamakhi (in present-day Azerbaijan Republic). The initially successful counter-campaign was abandoned by the central government at a critical moment and with the threat then left unchecked, Shamakhi was taken by 15,000 Lezgin tribesmen, its Shia population massacred, and the city ransacked. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:३१, २५ जुलाई २०२२ (नेपाली समय) </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=23502841 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-31 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Lau Pa Sat]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Telok Ayer Market Above, June 2015.JPG|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Lau Pa Sat''', also known as Telok Ayer Market, is a historic building located within the Downtown Core in the Central Area of Singapore. It was first built in 1824 as a fish market on the waterfront serving the people of early colonial Singapore and rebuilt in 1838. It was then relocated and rebuilt at the present location in 1894. It is currently a food court with stalls selling a variety of local cuisine. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:३२, १ अगस्ट २०२२ (नेपाली समय) </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=23601901 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-32 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:The Raggle Taggle Gypsy]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> "'''The Raggle Taggle Gypsy'''" (Roud 1, Child 200), is a traditional folk song that originated as a Scottish border ballad, and has been popular throughout Britain, Ireland and North America. It concerns a rich lady who runs off to join the gypsies (or one gypsy). <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:३६, ८ अगस्ट २०२२ (नेपाली समय) </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=23635059 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-33 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Peroz I Kushanshah]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Extremely rare coin of Peroz I Kushanshah.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Peroz I Kushanshah''' was ruler of the Kushano-Sasanian Kingdom from 245 to 275. He was the successor of Ardashir I Kushanshah. He was an energetic ruler, who minted coins in Balkh, Herat, and Gandhara. Under him, the Kushano-Sasanians further expanded their domains into the west, pushing the weakened Kushan Empire to Mathura in North India. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:३२, १५ अगस्ट २०२२ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=23661098 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-34 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:In the Arbour]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Gierymski In the arbour.png|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''''In the Arbour''''' (Polish: W altanie) is an oil painting created by Polish Realist painter Aleksander Gierymski in 1882. It is displayed at the National Museum in Warsaw, Poland. In the painting is shown a social gathering of a group of aristocrats portrayed in 18th-century clothes, which takes place on a summer day in a garden. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] १७:३२, २२ अगस्ट २०२२ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=23685356 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-35 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:simple:Imphal Peace Museum]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:mni:ꯏꯝꯐꯥꯜ ꯑꯌꯤꯡ ꯑꯆꯤꯛ ꯄꯨꯀꯩ ꯂꯟꯀꯩ ꯁꯪꯂꯦꯟ]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Imphal Peace Museum.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Imphal Peace Museum''' (IPM) (Meitei: Imphal Aying-Achik Pukei Lankei Shanglen, Japanese: インパール平和資料館, romanized: Inpāru heiwa shiryōkan) is a WWII museum at the foothills of the Red Hills (Maibam Lokpa Ching) in Manipur. It is a living memory of the Battle of Imphal and other WWII battles (March-July 1944) fought in Manipur. It is supported by the Nippon Foundation (TNF), a non profit grant making organization, collaborating with the Manipur Tourism Forum and the Government of Manipur. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:१८, २९ अगस्ट २०२२ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=23722272 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-36 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Saint John Church of Sohrol]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Holy SURP Hovhannes Church.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Church of Saint John''' (Armenian: Սուրբ Յովհաննէս Եկեղեցի) is a 5th or 6th century Armenian Catholic church in Sohrol, Shabestar County, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran. It was rebuilt in 1840 by Samson Makintsev (Sam Khan; member of Bogatyr Battalion) in brick on the older church foundation. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:३३, ५ सेप्टेम्बर २०२२ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=23742791 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-38 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:2022 Melilla incident]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:ca:Massacre de Melilla]]) ([[:es:Tragedia de la valla de Melilla]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> On June 24, 2022, at least 37 migrants were killed at the Melilla border fence during a conflict with Moroccan and Spanish security forces. Conflict broke out as between 500 and 2,000 people gathered in the early hours of the day to cross the border with Spain. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:२४, १९ सेप्टेम्बर २०२२ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=23818984 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-39 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:George W. Johnson (singer)]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:George W. Johnson, 1898.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''George Washington Johnson''' (c. October 1846 – January 23, 1914) was an American singer and pioneer sound recording artist. Johnson was the first African American recording star of the phonograph <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:५२, २६ सेप्टेम्बर २०२२ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=23831378 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-41 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Meitei classical language movement]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Meitei language written in Meitei script.svg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''social movement of Meitei language''' (officially known as "Manipuri language") to achieve the officially recognised status of the "Classical language of India" is advocated by various literary, political, social associations and organisations as well as notable individual personalities of Bangladesh, Myanmar, Northeast India (prominently Assam, Manipur and Tripura). <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०६:४०, १० अक्टोबर २०२२ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=23857591 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-42 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Urânia Vanério]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:pt:Urânia Vanério]]) ''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Urânia Vanério de Argollo Ferrão''' (Salvador, 14 December 1811 — 3 December 1849) was a Brazilian teacher, writer and translator. In her childhood she witnessed the conflict between Brazilian and Portuguese troops in early 1822, in the context of the Bahia's Independence process, which led her to write the poem "Lamentos de uma Baiana..." ("Laments of a girl from Bahia"). <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०९:१७, १७ अक्टोबर २०२२ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=23857591 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-43 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Pagoda of the Celestial Lady]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:ThienMuPagoda.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Pagoda of the Celestial Lady''' (Vietnamese: Chùa Thiên Mụ; also called Linh Mụ Pagoda) is a historic temple in the city of Huế in Vietnam. Its iconic seven-story pagoda is regarded as the unofficial symbol of the city, and the temple has often been the subject of folk rhymes and ca dao about Huế. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:३७, २४ अक्टोबर २०२२ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=23972116 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-44 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Women in Qatar]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Shaikha Khalaf Al Mohammed, Mehbubeh Akhlaghi, Bahya Al-Hamad 2011 (cropped).jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Women's rights in Qatar''' are restricted by the country's male guardianship law and influenced by the Wahhabi interpretation of Islam. Both women and men were enfranchised in the country at the same time, in 1999. Labour force participation rates of Qatari women are above the world average and among the highest in the Arab World, which comes mainly as a result of an increasing number of Qatari women who are attaining academic degrees. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:५९, ३१ अक्टोबर २०२२ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=23991876 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-45 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Truck art in South Asia]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:PK Truck on N-5 near Thatta asv2020-02 img2.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Truck art in South Asia''' is a popular form of regional decoration, with trucks featuring elaborate floral patterns and calligraphy. It is especially common in Pakistan and India. During the War in Afghanistan, Pakistani decorated trucks that ran services between Pakistan and Afghanistan came to be known as jingle trucks by American troops and contractors who were deployed across the latter. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०८:०८, ७ नोभेम्बर २०२२ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=23991876 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-46 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Gorgany Nature Reserve]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:uk:Ґорґани (заповідник)]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Gorgany Syniak.JPG|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Gorgany Nature Reserve''' (Ukrainian: Ґорґани заповідник) is a strict nature reserve (a 'zapovidnyk') of Ukraine that covers a part of the Gorgany mountain range of the Outer Eastern Carpatians in southwest Ukraine. The reserve is 46% old-growth forest, one of the last and largest such stands in Europe. The reserve was originally created in 1996 to protect relic stands of Stone pine trees (Pinus cembra). The reserve is administratively in the Nadvirna District of Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:३४, १४ नोभेम्बर २०२२ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=24059284 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-47 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Pizza quattro formaggi]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:it:Pizza ai quattro formaggi]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Pizza quattro formaggi at restaurant, Chalk Farm Road, London.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Pizza quattro formaggi''' (four cheese pizza) is a variety of pizza in Italian cuisine that is topped with a combination of four kinds of cheese, usually melted together, with (rossa, red) or without (bianca, white) tomato sauce. It is popular worldwide, including in Italy, and is one of the iconic items from pizzerias' menus. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:४६, २१ नोभेम्बर २०२२ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=24072249 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-48 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Equestrian statue of the Duke of Wellington, Glasgow]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:de:Reiterstatue des Duke of Wellington (Glasgow)]]) ([[:es:Estatua de Wellington]]) ([[:ja:ウェリントン公爵騎馬像 (グラスゴー)]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Statue of the Duke of Wellington on his horse Copenhagen unveiled in front of the Royal Exchange, in Royal Exchange Square, Glasgow in 1844.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''equestrian statue of Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington''' located outside the Gallery of Modern Art, Glasgow, Scotland, is one of Glasgow's most iconic landmarks. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०८:०३, २८ नोभेम्बर २०२२ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=24120650 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-49 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Black Woman with Child]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:pt:A Mulher Negra]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Eckhout, Albert - Mulher Africana.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Black Woman with Child''' is a circa 1650 full-length portrait painting by Albert Eckhout. It is in the collection of the National Gallery of Denmark. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:३०, ५ डिसेम्बर २०२२ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=24120650 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-02 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Zakia Khudadadi]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Zakia Khudadadi''' also spelt as Zakia Khodadadi (Pashto: ذکیه خدادادی; born 29 September 1998) is an Afghan parataekwondo practitioner. She is the first Afghan female taekwondo practitioner. She rose to prominence after winning the African International Parataekwondo Championship in 2016 at the age of 18. She represented Afghanistan at the 2020 Summer Paralympics. She was initially denied the opportunity to compete at her maiden Paralympics due to the Taliban takeover but she was later allowed by the International Paralympic Committee to compete in the event after being safely evacuated from Afghanistan. She was able to compete and became the first Afghan female Paralympic competitor to compete at the Paralympics after 17 years since Mareena Karim's participation at the 2004 Summer Paralympics. She also officially became the first Afghan female sportsperson to participate in an international sporting event after the Taliban takeover. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:४२, ९ जनवरी २०२३ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=24306136 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-03 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Léopoldville riots]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Léopoldville riots damage.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Léopoldville riots''' were an outbreak of civil disorder in Léopoldville (modern-day Kinshasa) in the Belgian Congo which took place in January 1959 and which were an important moment for the Congolese independence movement. The rioting occurred when members of the Alliance des Bakongo (ABAKO) political party were not allowed to assemble for a protest and colonial authorities reacted harshly. The exact death toll is not known, but at least 49 people were killed and total casualties may have been as high as 500. Following these riots, a round table conference was organized in Brussels to negotiate the terms of Congo's independence, The Congo received its independence on 30 June 1960, becoming the Republic of the Congo. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:२३, १६ जनवरी २०२३ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=24351847 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-06 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Sweden Finns' Day]] '''<br /> <small>''([[:fi:Ruotsinsuomalaisten päivä]]) ([[:sv:Sverigefinnarnas dag]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Sverigefinskaflaggan.svg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Sweden Finns' Day''' (Finnish: Ruotsinsuomalaisten päivä, Swedish: Sverigefinnarnas dag) is an anniversary celebrated in Sweden on 24 February. The anniversary of the calendar was approved by the Swedish Academy in 2010 and was celebrated for the first time in 2011. February 24 was chosen as the birthday of Carl Axel Gottlund, a collector of folk poetry and a defender of the status of the Finnish language. The purpose of the day is to celebrate the Sweden Finns and to recognize their history, language and culture as a prominent part of Sweden's cultural heritage. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:४९, ६ फेब्रुअरी २०२३ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=24491747 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-07 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Delivery robot]] '''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Woman Takes Groceries from Dax Delivery Robot.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> A '''delivery robot''' is an autonomous robot that provides "last mile" delivery services. An operator may monitor and take control of the robot remotely in certain situations that the robot cannot resolve by itself such as when it is stuck in an obstacle. Delivery robots can be used in different settings such as food delivery, package delivery, hospital delivery, and room service. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:११, १३ फेब्रुअरी २०२३ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=24515453 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-08 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Buddha Dhatu Jadi]] '''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Swarno Mandir.JPG|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Buddha Dhatu Jadi''' (Bengali: বুদ্ধ ধাতু জাদি; Burmese: ဗုဒ္ဓဓာတုစေတီ also known as the Bandarban Golden Temple) is located close to Balaghata town, in Bandarban City, in Bangladesh. Dhatu are the material remains of a holy person, and in this temple the relics belong to Buddha. It is the largest Theravada Buddhist temple in Bangladesh and has the second-largest Buddha statue in the country. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०८:०३, २० फेब्रुअरी २०२३ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=24581813 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-09 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Alina Scholtz]] '''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Alina Scholtz''' (24 September 1908 – 25 February 1996) was a Polish landscape architect, known as one of country's pioneers in developing the field. Throughout her career she worked on various public and private projects for cemeteries, parks and green spaces. Some of her most noted works include the grounds of a villa on Kielecka Street in Warsaw for which she won a Silver Medal at the 1937 World Exhibition in Paris, the memorial cemetery to the victims of the Palmiry massacre, and landscaping projects along the East-West traffic route of Warsaw. In addition to her design work, she served as one of the founding members of the International Federation of Landscape Architects. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:४९, २७ फेब्रुअरी २०२३ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=24617511 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-10 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Mary Nzimiro]] '''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Mary Nzimiro''', birthname Mary Nwametu Onumonu, MBE (1898–1993) was a pioneering Nigerian businesswoman, politician and women's activist. In 1948, she was appointed principal representative of the United Africa Company (UAC) for Eastern Nigeria, while maintaining textile and cosmetics retail outlets of her own in Port Harcourt, Aba and Owerri. By the early 1950s, she was among the richest individuals in West Africa, becoming a resident of the exclusive Bernard Carr Street in Port Harcourt. On the political front, she was a member of the influential National Council of Nigeria and the Cameroons, becoming a member of its executive committee in 1957 and vice-president of the NCNC Estern Women's Association in 1962. During the Nigerian Civil War (1967–1970), she organized Igbo women in support of the Biafrans. As a result she lost most of her property in Port Harcourt and returned to her native Oguta where she died in 1993. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०८:३२, ६ मार्च २०२३ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=24636259 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-11 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Elizabeth Langdon Williams]] '''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Elizabeth Langdon Williams.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Elizabeth Langdon Williams''' (February 8, 1879 in Putnam, Connecticut – 1981 in Enfield, New Hampshire) was an American human computer and astronomer whose work helped lead to the discovery of Pluto, or Planet X. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:०६, १३ मार्च २०२३ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=24700408 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-12 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:I Didn't Raise My Boy to Be a Soldier]] '''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Peerless Quartet - I Didn't Raise my Boy to be a Soldier.ogg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> an American anti-war song that was influential within the pacifist movement that existed in the United States before it entered World War I. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:१६, २० मार्च २०२३ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=24720571 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-13 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:es:Diana Aguavil]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:en:Diana Aguavil]]) ([[:pt:Diana Aguavil]]) ''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Diana Aguavil.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Diana Alexandra Aguavil Calazacón''' (born 7 August 1983) is an Ecuadorian indigenous leader, since 25 August 2018, the first female governor of the Tsáchila nationality after 104 years of male administrations and winning the 2018 Tsáchila election. She was also the second woman to become a candidate. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:२५, २७ मार्च २०२३ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=24758626 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-16 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:it:Lucy Salani]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:en:Lucy Salani]]) ([[:fr:Lucy Salani]]) ''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Lucy Salani.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Lucy Salani''' was an Italian activist and is considered the only Italian transgender person to have survived the Nazi concentration camps. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:५१, १७ अप्रिल २०२३ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=24872966 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-17 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:ca:María Fernanda Castro Maya]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:pt:María Fernanda Castro Maya]]) ([[:eu:María Fernanda Castro Maya]]) ''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''María Fernanda Castro Maya''' is a Mexican self-advocate disability rights activist. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:४०, २४ अप्रिल २०२३ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=24872966 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-18 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Sonia Orbuch]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Sonia Shainwald Orbuch''' (born Sarah Shainwald, May 24, 1925 – September 30, 2018) was an American Holocaust educator. During the Second World War she was a Jewish resistance fighter in eastern Poland. Orbuch hid in the forests of Poland with her family during the Second World War. She joined a group of Soviet partisans, being renamed Sonia in case she was captured, and helped fight against the Germans. After the war, she returned home, where she met her future husband. After having a daughter in a refugee camp in Germany, the family eventually emigrated to the United States. She spent the rest of life in public engagement, speaking about her experiences and in 2009, published her autobiography, Here, There Are No Sarahs: A Woman's Courageous Fight Against the Nazis and Her Bittersweet Fulfillment of the American Dream. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] १२:०९, १ मे २०२३ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=24872966 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-19 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Nadia Ghulam]]'''<br /><small>''([[:fr:Nadia Ghulam]]) ([[:es:Nadia Ghulam]]) ([[:ca:Nadia Ghulam]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Nadia Ghulam (cropped).jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Nadia Ghulam Dastgir''' is an Afghan woman who spent ten years posing as her dead brother to evade the Taliban's strictures against women. Her book about her experiences, written with Agnès Rotger and published in 2010, El secret del meu turbant (The Secret of My Turban), won the Prudenci Bertrana Prize for fiction. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:२२, ८ मे २०२३ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=24966177 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-20 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Purple Day]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Epilepsy Warrior Brooch May 2018 Purple Day.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Purple Day''' is a global grassroots event that was formed with the intention to increase worldwide awareness of epilepsy, and to dispel common myths and fears of this neurological disorder. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०८:०२, १५ मे २०२३ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=25000361 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-22 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Valencian Art Nouveau]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:es:Modernismo valenciano]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Santuario Novelda.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Valencian Art Nouveau''' (Spanish: modernismo valenciano, Valencian: modernisme valencià), is the historiographic denomination given to an art and literature movement associated with the Art Nouveau in the Valencian Community, in Spain. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:३१, २९ मे २०२३ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=25074014 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-23 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:pt:Alessandra Korap]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:en:Alessandra Korap]]) ''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Alessandra Korap''' is an indigenous leader and Brazilian environmental activist from the Munduruku ethnic group. Her main work is defending the demarcation of indigenous territory and denouncing the illegal exploitation and activities of the mining and logging industries. Alessandra is internationally recognized for her work. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:१८, ५ जुन २०२३ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=25111481 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-24 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Cassinga Day]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Cassinga Day''' is a national public holiday in Namibia remembering the Cassinga Massacre. Commemorated annually on 4 May, the date "remembers those (approximately 600) killed in 1978 when the South African Defence Force attacked a SWAPO base at Cassinga in southern Angola". <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०६:५२, १२ जुन २०२३ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=25111481 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-26 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Rawon]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Rawon Setan.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Rawon''' (Javanese: ꦫꦮꦺꦴꦤ꧀) is an Indonesian beef soup. Originating from East Java, rawon utilizes the black keluak nut as the main seasoning, which gives a dark color and nutty flavor to the soup. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०८:०३, २६ जुन २०२३ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=25177056 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-27 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Hook echo]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Tornadic classic supercell radar.gif|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> A '''hook echo''' is a pendant or hook-shaped weather radar signature as part of some supercell thunderstorms. It is found in the lower portions of a storm as air and precipitation flow into a mesocyclone, resulting in a curved feature of reflectivity. The echo is produced by rain, hail, or even debris being wrapped around the supercell <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:०३, ३ जुलाई २०२३ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=25241057 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-29 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Esther Cooper Jackson]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:fr:Esther Cooper Jackson]]) ([[:simple:Esther Cooper Jackson]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Esther Cooper Jackson, 1968, Great Barrington.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Esther Victoria Cooper Jackson''' was an American civil rights activist and social worker. She was one of the founding editors of the magazine Freedomways. She also was an organizational and executive secretary at the Southern Negro Youth Congress. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०६:५९, १७ जुलाई २०२३ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=25266525 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-30 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Cut of pork]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:American Pork Cuts.svg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''cuts of pork''' are the different parts of the pig which are consumed as food by humans. The terminology and extent of each cut varies from country to country. There are between four and six primal cuts, which are the large parts in which the pig is first cut: the shoulder (blade and picnic), loin, belly (spare ribs and side) and leg <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:०६, २४ जुलाई २०२३ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=25318972 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-31 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Gunhild Cross]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Gunhildkorset.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Gunhild Cross''' (Danish: Gunhildkorset), named for its first owner, Gunhild, a daughter of Svend III of Denmark, is a mid-12th-century crucifix carved in walrus tusk and with both Latin and Runic inscriptions. It is now in the collection of the National Museum of Denmark. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०८:३३, ३१ जुलाई २०२३ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=25380210 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-32 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Polyura athamas]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Close wing mud-puddling position of Charaxes bharata (C.& R. Felder,1867) - Indian Nawab.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''''Polyura athamas''''', the common nawab, is a species of fast-flying canopy butterfly found in tropical Asia. It belongs to the Charaxinae (rajahs and nawabs) in the brush-footed butterfly family (Nymphalidae). <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०८:५९, ७ अगस्ट २०२३ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=25410866 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-33 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Women's page]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:"Doings in Pittsburg Society" The Pittsburg Press February 1, 1920.png|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''women's page''' (sometimes called home page or women's section) of a newspaper was a section devoted to covering news assumed to be of interest to women. Women's pages started out in the 19th century as society pages and eventually morphed into features sections in the 1970s. Although denigrated during much of that period, they had a significant impact on journalism and in their communities. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०८:३६, १४ अगस्ट २०२३ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=25427472 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-34 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Insect toxin]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:de:Insektengift]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:PDB 1lmr EBI.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Insect toxins''' are various protein toxins produced by insect species. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:१७, २१ अगस्ट २०२३ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=25427472 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-35 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Manchester Blitz]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Air Raid Damage in Britain- Manchester HU49833.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Manchester Blitz''' (also known as the Christmas Blitz) was the heavy bombing of the city of Manchester and its surrounding areas in North West England during the Second World War by the German Luftwaffe. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०८:०१, २८ अगस्ट २०२३ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=25427472 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-36 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Ghana Independence Act 1957]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Ghana Independence Act 1957''' is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that granted the Gold Coast fully responsible government within the British Commonwealth of Nations under the name of Ghana <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:०३, ४ सेप्टेम्बर २०२३ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=25427472 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-37 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Betrayal trauma]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:sv:Svektrauma]]) ([[:ar:صدمة الخيانة]]) ([[:ko:배신 트라우마]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Betrayal trauma''' is defined as a trauma perpetrated by someone with whom the victim is close to and reliant upon for support and survival. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:३४, ११ सेप्टेम्बर २०२३ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=25427472 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-38 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:es:Genocidio del Putumayo]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:en:Putumayo genocide]]) ([[:ca:Genocidi del Putumayo]])''</small></div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:The Putumayo - the devil's paradise, travels in the Peruvian Amazon Region and an account of the atrocities committed upon the Indians therein (1913) (14782203995).jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Putumayo genocide''' is the term which is used in reference to the enslavement, massacres and ethnocide of the indigenous population of the Amazon at the hands of the Peruvian Amazon Company, specifically in the area between the Putumayo River and the Caquetá River during the Amazon rubber boom period from 1879 to 1912. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०९:२३, १८ सेप्टेम्बर २०२३ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=25599361 --> == ५०,००० लेख प्रतियोगिता == <div style="color:#c9c6bd; box-shadow: 0 20px 20px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.900); border-radius: 20px;"> <div style="position: relative; background: #DC143C; width: 100%; padding:5px;"> <div style="text-align:center; font-size: 36px; margin-top: 15px;margin-left: 26px; font-family: 'Verdana'; line-height: 1.5em;">नमस्ते, <span style="color: #ebe6d8">'''{{safesubst:<noinclude />BASEPAGENAME}}'''ज्यू!</span> तपाईंलाई नयाँ '''{{Uline|c=#ebe6d8|{{Coloredlink|#ebe6d8|विकिपिडिया:५० हजार लेखहरू|५०,००० लेख प्रतियोगिता}}}}'''मा सामेल हुन हार्दिक निमन्त्रणा गरिन्छ</div> <div style="font-size:20px; color: #c9c6bd; padding: 20px;margin-left: 26px; text-align: center;">सबैभन्दा पहिले, नेपाली विकिपिडियामा योगदान गर्नुभएकोमा धन्यवाद। तपाईंलाई नयाँ ५०,००० लेख प्रतियोगितामा सामेल हुन आमन्त्रित गरिएको छ, एउटा चुनौतीपूर्ण प्रतिस्पर्धा जसले लगभग १७,८०० लेख सिर्जनाहरू गर्ने लक्ष्य राखेको छ। सबै विषयहरूका लेखहरू स्वागत छन्। यदि इच्छुक हुनुहुन्छ भने '''{{Coloredlink|#ebe6d8|विकिपिडिया:५० हजार लेखहरू|यो पृष्ठमा}}''' सामेल हुनुहोस् र योगदान गर्न सुरु गर्नुहोस्!</div> </div></div> धन्यवाद - [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १९:१९, ३ अक्टोबर २०२३ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:बडा काजी@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%AD&oldid=1171544 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-42 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Athyma nefte]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:VB 019 Color Sergeant UP.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''''Athyma nefte''''', the colour sergeant, is a species of brush-footed butterfly found in tropical South and Southeast Asia. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:४३, १६ अक्टोबर २०२३ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=25693965 --> ==[[:श्यामप्रसाद शर्मा]] [[विकिपिडिया:शीघ्र मेट्नुपर्ने आधार|शीघ्र मेट्नुपर्ने]]मा मनोनित== [[File:Ambox warning pn.svg|48px|left|alt=|link=]] {{Quote box|quote=<p>यदि यो तपाईँले सृजना गर्नुभएको पहिलो लेख हो भने, तपाईँ [[विकिपिडिया:स्वशिक्षा|लेखन सहयोग स्वशिक्षा]] पढ्न सक्नुहुन्छ।</p><p>लेख सृजना गर्न मद्दत गर्ने [[विकिपिडिया:लेख विजार्ड|लेख सहायिका]] पनि तपाईँ प्रयोग गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ।</p>|width=20%|align=right}} विकिपिडियाबाट हटाइने अनुरोध गर्दै, [[:श्यामप्रसाद शर्मा]]मा, एउटा चिनो राखिएको छ। यो दुई वा धेरै [[विकिपिडिया:शीघ्र मेट्नुपर्ने आधार|शीघ्र मेट्नुपर्ने आधार]] अन्तर्गत गरिएको छ, जसलाई छलफल बिनै कुनै पनि समयमा मेटाउन सकिन्छ। यदि पृष्ठले यी कुनै पनि कडाईका-साथ-परिभाषित मापदण्ड पूरा गर्दछ भने, यो एक प्रशासकद्वारा शीघ्र मेटाइनेछ। यसलाई चिनो लगाइनुका कारणहरू निम्न छन्: *यो एकदम छोटो, कम वा कुनै प्रसङ्ग पाठकलाई प्रदान नगर्ने लेख हो। ([[विकिपिडिया:शीघ्र मेट्नुपर्ने आधार#ले१|ले१]] हेर्नुहोस्।) कृपया छोटो लेख न्यूनतम मापदण्डको लागि हाम्रो जानकारी [[विकिपिडिया:अपूर्ण लेख|अपूर्ण लेखहरू]] हेर्नुहोस्। साथै कृपया नोट गर्नुहोस् कि लेख [[विकिपिडिया:उल्लेखनीयता|उल्लेखनीय]] विषयहरूमा हुनुपर्दछ र उनीहरूको सामग्रीले [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमाणिकता|प्रमाणित]] गर्ने भरपर्दो स्रोतहरूको सन्दर्भ प्रदान गर्नुपर्दछ। *यो एक व्यक्ति, संगठन (ब्यान्ड, क्लब, कम्पनी, ''इत्यादि''), व्यक्तिगत जनावर, वा वेब सामग्रीको बारेमा देखा पर्दछ, तर यसले विषय कसरी महत्वपूर्ण छ वा महत्त्वपूर्ण छैन भनेर संकेत गर्दैन: त्यो हो, किन यस विषयको लेख एक विश्वकोशमा समावेश गर्नुपर्दछ। ([[विकिपिडिया:शीघ्र मेट्नुपर्ने आधार#ले७|ले७]] हेर्नुहोस्।) यस्ता लेख कुनै पनि समय मेट्न सकिन्छ। [[विकिपिडिया:उल्लेखनीयता|उल्लेखनीय]] कृपया [[विकिपिडिया:उल्लेखनीयता|सामान्यतया उल्लेखनीय रूपमा के स्वीकार गरिन्छ त्यसका लागि दिशानिर्देश]] हेर्नुहोस्। यदि तपाईँलाई लाग्छ पृष्ठलाई यस कारणले मेटाउनु हुँदैन, तपाईँ '''नामाङ्कन विरोध गर्न''' [[:श्यामप्रसाद शर्मा|पृष्ठमा गएर]] आफ्नो विचार राख्नुहोला। यसले तपाईँलाई पृष्ठ किन मेटाउनु हुँदैन वर्णन गर्ने अवसर दिनेछ। यद्यपि, याद रहोस्, एक पटक पृष्ठ शीघ्र मेटाउन अङ्कित भएमा, यो तत्काल मेटाइनेछ। कृपया पृष्ठबाट शीघ्र मेटाउने चिनो आफैंले नहटाउनुहोला, तर विकिपिडियाको [[विकिपिडिया:नीति तथा दिशानिर्देशहरूको सूची|नीति तथा दिशानिर्देशहरू]] अनुरूप जानकारी थप्न नहिचकिचाउनुहोला। यदि पृष्ठ मेटिसकिएको, र भविष्यका सन्दर्भ वा सुधारको लागि तपाईँ मेटाइएको सामग्री पुनःप्राप्त गर्न चाहनुहुन्छ भने, कृपया {{Querylink|Special:Log|qs=type=delete&page=%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6+%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE|मेटाउने प्रशासकलाई सम्पर्क गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ}}, वा यदि तपाईँले पहिल्यै त्यसो गरिसक्नुभएमा, एउटा अनुरोध तपाईँ [[विकिपिडिया:मेटाइएको संशोधन|यहाँ राख्न सक्नुहुन्छ]]। [[User:Nirmal Dulal|<span style="text-shadow:gray 3px 3px 2px;"><font color="#000">'''''निर्मल दुलाल'''''</font></span>]]&nbsp;[[User Talk:Nirmal Dulal|<span style="text-shadow:gray 3px 3px 2px;">^{(<font color="#0272FD">कुरा गर्नुहोस</font>)}</span>]] २०:३६, २२ अक्टोबर २०२३ (नेपाली समय) == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-43 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Typhoon Rusa]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Rusa 2002-08-27 0350Z.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Typhoon Rusa''' was the most powerful typhoon to strike South Korea in 43 years. It was the 21st JTWC tropical depression, the 15th named storm, and the 10th typhoon of the 2002 Pacific typhoon season. It developed on August 22 from the monsoon trough in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, well to the southeast of Japan. For several days, Rusa moved to the northwest, eventually intensifying into a powerful typhoon. On August 26, the storm moved across the Amami Islands of Japan, where Rusa left 20,000 people without power and caused two fatalities. Across Japan, the typhoon dropped torrential rainfall peaking at 902 mm (35.5 in) in Tokushima Prefecture. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:३५, २३ अक्टोबर २०२३ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=25693965 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-44 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Hein Eersel]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:nl:Hein Eersel]]) ([[:it:Hein Eersel]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:HeinEersel.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Christiaan Hendrik "Hein" Eersel''' was a Surinamese linguist and cultural researcher. He served as Minister of Education and Population Development in the cabinet of acting Prime Minister Arthur Johan May. He was also the first chancellor of the University of Suriname. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:५४, ३० अक्टोबर २०२३ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=25797248 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-45 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Reclaim the Night]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:de:Reclaim the Night]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Reclaim the Night 2014.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Reclaim the Night''' is a movement started in Leeds in 1977 as part of the Women's Liberation Movement. Marches demanding that women be able to move throughout public spaces at night took place across England until the 1990s. Later, the organisation was revived and sponsors annual and national marches against rape and violence against women. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०६:२५, ८ नोभेम्बर २०२३ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=25797248 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-46 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Ishe Komborera Africa]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Ishe Komborera Africa.mp3|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> "'''Ishe Komborera Africa'''" (Shona for: God Bless Africa), also called "Ishe Komborera Zimbabwe" (Shona for: God Bless Zimbabwe), was the Zimbabwean national anthem from 1980 to 1994. It was the country's first national anthem after gaining independence in 1980. It is a translation of 19th-century South African schoolteacher Enoch Sontonga's popular African hymn "Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika" into Zimbabwe's native Shona and Ndebele languages. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०६:२३, १३ नोभेम्बर २०२३ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=25797248 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-47 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Bhagavata Mela]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Bhagavata Mela''' is a classical Indian dance that is performed in Tamil Nadu, particularly the Thanjavur area. It is choreographed as an annual Vaishnavism tradition in Melattur and nearby regions, and celebrated as a dance-drama performance art. The dance art has roots in a historic migration of practitioners of Kuchipudi, another Indian classical dance art, from Andhra Pradesh to the kingdom of Tanjavur. The term Bhagavata, state Brandon and Banham, refers to the Hindu text Bhagavata Purana. Mela is a Sanskrit word that means "gathering, meeting of a group" and connotes a folk festival. The traditional Bhagavata Mela performance acts out the legends of Hinduism, set to the Carnatic style music. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 00:38, ०९:५२, २० नोभेम्बर २०२३ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=25797248 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-48 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:fr:Zanskari]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:en:Zaniskari]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Zaniskari Horse in Ladakh, India.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Zaniskari''' or '''Zanskari''' is a breed of small mountain horse or pony from Ladakh, in northern India. It is named for the Zanskar valley or region in Kargil district. It is similar to the Spiti breed of Himachal Pradesh, but is better adapted to work at high altitude. Like the Spiti, it shows similarities to the Tibetan breeds of neighbouring Tibet. It is of medium size, and is often grey in colour. The breed is considered endangered, as there are only a few hundred alive today, and a conservation programme has been started at Padum, Zanskar, in the Kargil district of Ladakh. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:२९, २७ नोभेम्बर २०२३ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=25797248 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-49 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Sheikh Hussein]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:fr:Sheikh Hussein]]) ([[:it:Scec Hussèn]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Sheikh Hussein.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Sheikh Hussein''' is a town in south-eastern Ethiopia. The site has been recorded in the tentative list for UNESCO World Heritage List since 2011 as a religious, cultural and historical site. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:१९, ४ डिसेम्बर २०२३ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=25921616 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-50 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:fr:Applaudissements aux fenêtres pendant la pandémie de Covid-19]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:es:Aplauso por los trabajadores de la salud]]) ([[:gl:Aplauso ao persoal sanitario]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Koronabirus konfinamendua Lasarten 2020-03-29.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> During the COVID-19 pandemic, applauding daily at a scheduled hour was a gesture of acclamation, recognition and gratitude towards health professionals in tribute to their work at the time. This habit emerged in January 2020 in Wuhan, where the pandemic originated, and then spread to several cities around the world during the quarantines and sanitary cordons ordered as preventive measures, Italy being the first one. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०८:११, ११ डिसेम्बर २०२३ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=25925561 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-51 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Jamaica Bay Wildlife Refuge]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Aerial view of Subway Island, July 2019.JPG|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Jamaica Bay Wildlife Refuge''' is a wildlife refuge in New York City managed by the National Park Service as part of Gateway National Recreation Area. It is composed of the open water and intertidal salt marshes of Jamaica Bay. It lies entirely within the boundaries of New York City, divided between the boroughs of Brooklyn to the west and Queens to the east. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:५०, १८ डिसेम्बर २०२३ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=25951007 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-52 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Plant blindness]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:fr:Cécité botanique]]) ([[:de:Pflanzenblindheit]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Plant blindness 0323.png|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Plant blindness''' is an informally-proposed form of cognitive bias, which in its broadest meaning, is a human tendency to ignore plant species. This includes such phenomena as not noticing plants in the surrounding environment, not recognizing the importance of plant life to the whole biosphere and to human affairs, a philosophical view of plants as an inferior form of life to animals and/or the inability to appreciate the unique features or aesthetics of plants. Related terms include plant‐neglect, zoo-centrism, and zoo‐chauvinism. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:४३, २५ डिसेम्बर २०२३ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=25971304 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-02 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Pax airship disaster]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:pt:Catástrofe do dirigível Pax]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Sim new-mcclures-magazine 1902-09 19 5 (page 75 crop).jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''''Pax''''' '''airship disaster''' was the explosion of the ''Pax'' airship on May 12, 1902, in Paris, which killed the Brazilian inventor Augusto Severo and the French mechanic Georges Saché. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 12:14, 8 January 2024 (UTC)'' </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=26033876 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-03 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Conversion to Islam]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:fr:Conversion à l'islam]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Sahadah-Topkapi-Palace.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Conversion to Islam''' is accepting Islam as a religion or faith and rejecting any other religion or irreligion. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:५६, १५ जनवरी २०२४ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=26044632 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-04 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Kinder der Landstrasse]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Kinderdlandstrasse plakat.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Kinder der Landstrasse''' (literally: Children of the Country Road) was a project implemented by the Swiss foundation Pro Juventute from 1926 to 1973. The project aimed to assimilate the itinerant Yenish people in Switzerland by forcibly removing their children from their parents and placing them in orphanages or foster homes. Approximately 590 children were affected by this program. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:४७, २२ जनवरी २०२४ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=26044632 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-05 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Qurm Nature Reserve]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Al-Qurm Wetlands.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Qurm Nature Reserve''' is a national nature reserve in Muscat Governorate, Oman. Located on the Gulf of Oman coast, the reserve protects a mangrove forest and the surrounding wetland in a small estuary within the urban area of Qurm. Established in 1975, the reserve has been designated as an Important Bird Area since 1994, and as a protected Ramsar site since 2013. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:४८, २९ जनवरी २०२४ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=26149847 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-06 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Timurid architecture]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Gur-e-Amir Mausolueum - Samarkand - Uzbekistan (7488414078).jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Timurid architecture''' was an important stage in the architectural history of Iran and Central Asia during the late 14th and 15th centuries. The Timurid Empire (1370–1507), founded by Timur (d. 1405) and conquering most of this region, oversaw a cultural renaissance. In architecture, the Timurid dynasty patronized the construction of palaces, mausoleums, and religious monuments across the region. Their architecture is distinguished by its grand scale, luxurious decoration in tilework, and sophisticated geometric vaulting. This architectural style, along with other aspects of Timurid art, spread across the empire and subsequently influenced the architecture of other empires from the Middle East to the Indian subcontinent. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०८:०८, ५ फेब्रुअरी २०२४ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=26169542 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-07 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Adoration of the Magi (Fra Angelico and Filippo Lippi)]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Fra Angelico, Fra Filippo Lippi, The Adoration of the Magi.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''''Adoration of the Magi''''' is a tondo, or circular painting, of the Adoration of the Magi assumed to be that recorded in 1492 in the Palazzo Medici Riccardi in Florence as by Fra Angelico. It dates from the mid-15th century and is now in the National Gallery of Art in Washington D.C. Most art historians think that Filippo Lippi painted more of the original work, and that it was added to some years after by other artists, as well as including work by assistants in the workshops of both the original masters. It has been known as the Washington Tondo and Cook Tondo after Herbert Cook, and this latter name in particular continues to be used over 50 years after the painting left the Cook collection. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] १२:४५, १२ फेब्रुअरी २०२४ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=26187446 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-08 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:nl:Graf met de handjes]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Weg langs het kerkhof tegenover 1, Roermond.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The monument '''Van Gorkum-Van Aefferden''', more well known as the "'''grave with the little hands'''" is a monumental Tombstone in the Dutch city of Roermond. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १९:०९, १९ फेब्रुअरी २०२४ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=26260848 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-09 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Doorway effect]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''doorway effect''' is a known psychological event where a person's short-term memory declines when passing through a doorway moving from one location to another when it would not if they had remained in the same place. People experience this effect by forgetting what they were going to do, thinking about, or planning upon entering a different room. This is thought to be due to the change in one's physical environment, which is used to distinguish boundaries between remembered events: memories of events encountered in the present environment are more accessible than those beyond it. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:१५, २६ फेब्रुअरी २०२४ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=26260848 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-10 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Sissieretta Jones]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:1899 poster of Mme. M. Sissieretta Jones.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Matilda Sissieretta Joyner Jones''' (January 5, 1868, or 1869 – June 24, 1933) was an American soprano. She sometimes was called "The Black Patti" in reference to Italian opera singer Adelina Patti. Jones' repertoire included grand opera, light opera, and popular music <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०८:१८, ४ मार्च २०२४ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=26313143 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-11 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Preventative Coup of November 11]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:es:Golpe de Estado en Brasil de 1955]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Exército na casa de Café Filho.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Preventative Coup of November 11''' sometimes called the '''1955 Brazilian coup d'état''' or referred to as an "anti-coup" or a "counter-coup" (Portuguese: ''Novembrada, Movimento de 11 de Novembro, Contragolpe, Golpe Preventivo do Marechal Lott'') was a series of military and political events led by Henrique Teixeira Lott that resulted in Nereu Ramos assuming the presidency of Brazil until being peacefully succeeded by Juscelino Kubitschek a few months later. The bloodless coup removed Carlos Luz from the presidency because he was suspected of plotting to prevent Kubitschek from taking office. As a result of the tensions, Brazil had three presidents in the span of a single week. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:४९, ११ मार्च २०२४ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=26366849 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-12 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Hojang Taret]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Hojang Taret''' is a classical Meitei language play based on Euripides's ancient Greek tragedy The Phoenician Women. It is directed by Oasis Sougaijam and produced by The Umbilical Theatre in Imphal, Kangleipak. It depicts the moral ambiguities of conflict between brothers resulting to the ruination of the ancient city of Thebes. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:३७, १८ मार्च २०२४ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=26366849 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-13 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Magna Lykseth-Skogman]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Magna Lykseth in Tristan och Isolde at Kungliga Operan 1909 - SMV - GL164.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Magna Elvine Lykseth-Skogman''' (6 February 1874 – 13 November 1949), also known as Magna Lykseth-Schjerven, was a Norwegian-born Swedish operatic soprano. After making her début at the Royal Swedish Opera in 1901 as Santuzza in Cavalleria rusticana, she was engaged there until 1918 becoming the company's prima donna. She performed leading roles in a wide range of operas but is remembered in particular for her Wagnerian interpretations, creating Brünnhilde in the Swedish premières of Siegfried and Götterdämmerung, and Isolde in 1909. Considered to be one of the most outstanding Swedish opera singers of her generation, she was awarded the Litteris et Artibus medal in 1907 and became a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Music in 1912 <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:४५, २५ मार्च २०२४ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=26447450 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-14 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Lidder Valley]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Pahalgam Valley.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Lidder Valley''' or Liddar Valley is a Himalayan sub-valley that forms the southeastern corner of Anantnag district in Indian-administered Kashmir. The Lidder River flows down the valley. The entrance to the valley lies 7 km northeast from Anantnag town and 62 km southeast from Srinagar, the summer capital of Jammu and Kashmir. It is a 40-km-long gorge valley with an average width of 3 km. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०९:००, १ अप्रिल २०२४ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=26509189 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-15 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Operation Kraai]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Overzicht van het vliegveld te Djokja vanuit de 'Control Tower', Bestanddeelnr 5128.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Operation Kraai''' (Operation Crow) was a Dutch military offensive against the de facto Republic of Indonesia in December 1948 after negotiations failed. With the advantage of surprise the Dutch managed to capture the Indonesian Republic's temporary capital, Yogyakarta, and seized Indonesian leaders such as de facto Republican President Sukarno. This apparent military success was however followed by guerrilla warfare, while the violation of the Renville Agreement ceasefire diplomatically isolated the Dutch, leading to the Dutch–Indonesian Round Table Conference and recognition of the United States of Indonesia. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:३२, ८ अप्रिल २०२४ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=26550154 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-16 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:ru:Павильон Росси]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:en:Rossi Pavilion]])&#32;([[:fr:Pavillon Rossi]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Rossi's Pavilion in Mikhailovsky Garden. Saint-Petersburg. 1825..jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Rossi Pavilion''' (Russian: Павильон Росси) is a pavilion on the bank of the Moyka River in the Mikhailovsky Garden in Saint Petersburg. It was designed by architect Carlo Rossi in the early 1820s and built in 1825 during his redevelopment of the garden. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:३८, १५ अप्रिल २०२४ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=26565118 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-17 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Devorà Ascarelli]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:it:Debora Ascarelli]])&#32;([[:es:Devorà Ascarelli]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Devorà Ascarelli''' was a 16th-century Italian poet living in Rome, Italy. Ascarelli may have been the first Jewish woman to have a book of her own work published. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:२०, २२ अप्रिल २०२४ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=26624302 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-18 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:1989 Serbian general election]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:sr:Председнички избори у Србији 1989.]])&#32;([[:vi:Tổng tuyển cử Serbia 1989]])''</small></div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Parliament of SR Serbia (1989–1991).svg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''General elections were held in Serbia''', a constituent federal unit of SFR Yugoslavia, on 12 November 1989 to elect the president of the presidency of the Socialist Republic of Serbia and delegates of the Assembly of SR Serbia. Voting for delegates also took place on 10 and 30 November 1989. In addition to the general elections, local elections were held simultaneously. These were the first direct elections conducted after the adoption of the 1974 Yugoslav Constitution and the delegate electoral system, and the last elections conducted under a one-party system. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:१७, २९ अप्रिल २०२४ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=26624302 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-19 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Heinrich Bünting]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Heinrich Bünting''' (1545 – 1606) was a Protestant pastor and theologian. He is best known for his book of woodcut maps titled Itinerarium Sacrae Scripturae (Travel book through Holy Scripture) first published in 1581. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०८:१२, ६ मे २०२४ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=26624302 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-20 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:var(--background-color-backdrop-dark, #DDDDDD); border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:var(--color-inverted, #000000); padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Ruyan (district)]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:fa:رویان (طبرستان)]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Northern Iran and its surroundings during the Iranian intermezzo.svg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Ruyan''' (Persian: رویان), later known as Rustamdar (رستمدار), was the name of a mountainous district that encompassed the western part of Tabaristan/Mazandaran, a region on the Caspian coast of northern Iran. In Iranian mythology, Ruyan appears as one of the places that the legendary archer Arash shot his arrow from, reaching the edge of Khorasan to mark the border between Iran and Turan. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:२४, १३ मे २०२४ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=26755244 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-21 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: #f8f9fa; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Turlough (lake)]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:de:Turlough]])&#32;([[:no:Turlough]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Carran Turlough.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> A '''turlough''' is a seasonal or periodic water body found mostly in limestone karst areas of Ireland, west of the River Shannon. [...] The water bodies fill and empty with the changes in the level of the water table, usually being very low or empty during summer and autumn and full in the winter. As groundwater levels drop the water drains away underground through cracks in the karstic limestone. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०८:१६, २० मे २०२४ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=26789673 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-22 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: #f8f9fa; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Geiranger Church]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:no:Geiranger kirke]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Iglesia parroquial, Geiranger, Noruega, 2019-09-07, DD 84-97 PAN.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Geiranger Church''' (Norwegian: Geiranger kyrkje) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Stranda Municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. It is located in the village of Geiranger, and the end of the famous Geirangerfjorden. It is the church for the Geiranger parish which is part of the Nordre Sunnmøre prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Møre. The white, wooden church was built in an octagonal design in 1842 using plans drawn up by the architect Hans Klipe. The church seats about 165 people. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:३३, २७ मे २०२४ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=26828106 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-23 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: #f8f9fa; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Guillermo Larrazábal]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Guillermo Larrazábal Arzubide''' (10 February 1907 – 1983) was a Spanish stained glass artist who was active in Ecuador. He is considered Ecuador's most important stained glass artist. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:५९, ३ जुन २०२४ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=26828106 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-25 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: #f8f9fa; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:de:Magdalena Zeger]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Magdalena Zeger''' ([mak.da.ˈleː.na ˈt͡seː.gɐ], * 1491; † 16. January 1568 in Kolding) was a calendar maker, astronomer and astrologist. Her Hamburg almanacs and forecasts from 1561 and 1563 have been preserved. Zeger's calendars are the first independent publications by a woman in the field of astronomy. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:१४, १७ जुन २०२४ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=26940351 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-26 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: #f8f9fa; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Koreans in Micronesia]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:zh:朝鮮裔密克羅尼西亞人]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Koreans in Micronesia''' used to form a significant population before World War II, when most of the region was ruled as the South Seas Mandate of the Empire of Japan; for example, they formed 7.3% of the population of Palau in 1943. However, after the area came under the control of the United States as the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, most Koreans returned to their homeland. As of 2013, about seven thousand South Korean expatriates & immigrants and Korean Americans reside in the Marianas (Guam and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands), which have remained under U.S. control, while only around two hundred South Korean expatriates reside in the independent countries of Micronesia. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०९:४८, २४ जुन २०२४ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=26940351 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-27 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Roller printing on textiles]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Silverstudio.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Roller printing''' on fabrics is a textile printing process patented by Thomas Bell of Scotland in 1783 in an attempt to reduce the cost of the earlier copperplate printing. This method was used in Lancashire fabric mills to produce cotton dress fabrics from the 1790s, most often reproducing small monochrome patterns characterized by striped motifs and tiny dotted patterns called "machine grounds". Improvements in the technology resulted in more elaborate roller prints in bright, rich colours from the 1820s; Turkey red and chrome yellow were particularly popular. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०८:२९, १ जुलाई २०२४ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27031540 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-28 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:simple:India naming dispute]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:ur:انڈیا نام کا تنازعہ]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''India naming dispute''' in 1947 refers to the argument over the use of the name India during and after the partition of British Raj, between the countries of Pakistan and the Republic of India. This dispute involved key figures such as Lord Mountbatten, the last Viceroy of British Raj, and Muhammad Ali Jinnah, the leader of the Muslim League and a founder of Pakistan. By 1947, the British Raj was going to be divided into two new nation states – Hindustan and Pakistan. Jinnah was initially convinced that Hindustan would not use the term India, since it lacked indigenous pedigree, etymologically and historically India meant the Indus Valley (modern-Pakistan). He also opposed the use of the name India as it would cause confusion regarding history. The disagreement had significant implications for national identity and international recognition. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:५८, ८ जुलाई २०२४ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27031540 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-29 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Adumu]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Maasai 2012 05 31 2782 (7522645058).jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Adumu''', is a type of dance that the Maasai people of Kenya and Tanzania practice. Young Maasai warriors generally perform the energetic and acrobatic dance at ceremonial occasions including weddings, religious rites, and other significant cultural events. The Adumu dance is characterized by a sequence of jumps performed by the dancers, who stand in a circle and alternately jump while keeping their bodies as straight and upright as possible. In addition to wearing vividly colored shúkàs (clothes) and beaded jewelry, the dancers are typically clad in traditional Maasai costume. Traditional Maasai songs and chants are also performed during the dance. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:००, १५ जुलाई २०२४ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27031540 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-30 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Rathaus-Glockenspiel]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:2019-11-16, Glockenspiel, Neues Münchner Rathaus, IMG 7463 edit Christoph Braun.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Rathaus-Glockenspiel''' is a large mechanical clock located in Marienplatz Square, in the heart of Munich, Germany. Famous for its life-size characters, the clock twice daily re-enacts scenes from Munich's history. First is the story of the marriage of Duke Wilhelm V to Renata of Lorraine in 1568, followed by the story of the Schäfflerstanz, also known as the coopers' dance. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:४१, २२ जुलाई २०२४ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27031540 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-31 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Nederlandsche Cocaïnefabriek]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:es:Nederlandsche Cocaïnefabriek]])&#32;([[:nl:Nederlandsche Cocaïnefabriek]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Nederlandsche Cocainefabriek Schinkelstraat Amsterdam architect HH Baanders 1902.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Nederlandsche Cocaïnefabriek''' (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈneːdərlɑntsə koːkaːˈinəfaːˌbrik]; English: Dutch Cocaine Factory) or NCF was an Amsterdam-based company producing cocaine for medical purposes in the 20th century. It imported its raw materials mainly from the Dutch East Indies and sold its products across Europe, making good profits especially in the early years of World War I. The NCF produced morphine, heroin and ephedrine as well. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:२९, २९ जुलाई २०२४ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27150339 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-32 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Suffrage drama]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Pamphlet from NAWSA for women's suffrage plays, page 1.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Suffrage drama''' (also known as suffrage plays or suffrage theatre) is a form of dramatic literature that emerged during the British women's suffrage movement in the early twentieth century. Suffrage performances lasted approximately from 1907-1914. Many suffrage plays called for a predominant or all female cast. Suffrage plays served to reveal issues behind the suffrage movement. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:५८, ५ अगस्ट २०२४ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27150339 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-33 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Karatgurk]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:it:Karatgurk]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> In the Australian Aboriginal mythology of the Aboriginal people of south-eastern Australian state of Victoria, the '''Karatgurk''' were seven sisters who represented the constellation known in western astronomy as the Pleiades. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:५८, १२ अगस्ट २०२४ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27264174 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-34 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:B1 (classification)]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''B1''' is a medical-based Paralympic classification for blind sport. Athletes in this classification are totally or almost totally blind. It is used by a number of blind sports including blind tennis, para-alpine skiing, para-Nordic skiing, blind cricket, blind golf, five-a-side football, goalball and judo. Some other sports, including adaptive rowing, athletics and swimming, have equivalents to this class. The B1 classification was first created by the IBSA in the 1970s, and has largely remained unchanged since despite an effort by the International Paralympic Committee (IPC) to move towards a more functional and evidence-based classification system. Classification is often handled on the international level by the International Blind Sports Federation (IBSA) but it sometimes handled by national sport federations. There are exceptions for sports like athletics and cycling, where classification is handled by their own governing bodies. Equipment utilized by competitors in this class may differ from sport to sport, and may include sighted guides, guide rails, beeping balls and clapsticks. There may be some modifications related to equipment and rules to specifically address needs of competitors in this class to allow them to compete in specific sports. Some sports specifically do not allow a guide, whereas cycling and skiing require one. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:४१, १९ अगस्ट २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27278917 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-35 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Erzi (village)]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Caucasus, Ingushetia, Ингушские боевые и смотровые башни, горы Кавказа.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Erzi''' (Russian: Эрзи; Ingush: Аьрзи, romanized: Ärzi, lit. 'Eagle') is a medieval village (aul) in the Dzheyrakhsky District of Ingushetia. It is part of the rural settlement (administrative center) of Olgeti. The entire territory of the settlement is included in the Dzheyrakh-Assa State Historical-Architectural and Natural Museum-Reserve and is under state protection. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०९:०४, २६ अगस्ट २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27345183 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-37 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Cappadocian calendar]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Cappadocian calendar''' was a solar calendar that was derived from the Persian Zoroastrian calendar. It is named after the historic region Cappadocia in present-day Turkey, where it was used. The calendar, which had 12 months of 30 days each and five epagomenal days, originated between 550 and 330 BC, when Cappadocia was part of the Persian Achaemenid Empire. The Cappadocian calendar was identical to the Zoroastrian calendar; this can be seen in its structure, in the Avestan names and in the order of the months. The Cappadocian calendar reflects the Iranian cultural influence in the region. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:२७, ९ सेप्टेम्बर २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27357319 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-39 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Independence Day (Albania)]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Independence Day''' (Albanian: Dita e Pavarësisë) is a public holiday in Albania observed on 28 November. It commemorates the Albanian Declaration of Independence (from the Ottoman Empire), which was ratified by the All-Albanian Congress on 28 November 1912, establishing the state of Albania. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०६:१४, २३ सेप्टेम्बर २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27456350 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-40 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Wildlife of Bahrain]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Birds in Al-Areen Wildlife Park.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The wildlife of the archipelago of Bahrain, is more varied than might be expected of this small group of islands in the Persian Gulf. Apart from a strip of the north and west of the main island, where crops are grown with irrigation, the land is arid. With a very hot dry summer, a mild winter, and brackish groundwater, the plants need adaptations in order to survive. Nevertheless, 196 species of higher plant have been recorded here, as well as about seventeen species of terrestrial mammals, many birds and reptiles, and many migratory birds visit the islands in autumn and spring. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:४२, ३० सेप्टेम्बर २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27456350 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-42 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Little Danes experiment]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:fa:آزمایش دانمارکی‌های کوچک]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Children play at a Danish Red Cross-run orphanage in Greenland.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''little Danes experiment''' was a 1951 Danish operation where 22 Greenlandic Inuit children were sent to Danish foster families in an attempt to re-educate them as "little Danes". While the children were all supposed to be orphans, most were not. Six children were adopted while in Denmark, and sixteen returned to Greenland, only to be placed in Danish-speaking orphanages and never live with their families again. Half of the children experienced mental health disturbances, and half of them died in young adulthood. The government of Denmark officially apologised in 2020, after several years of demands from Greenlandic officials. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०९:०१, १४ अक्टोबर २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27572997 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-43 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Kharayeb]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Muharram 1Oth-Ashouraa 2007 in Kharayeb - panoramio.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Kharayeb''' (Arabic: الخرايب) is a historic town in the Sidon District in the South Governorate, Lebanon. The town is 77 km (48 mi) south of Beirut, and stands at an average altitude of 190 m (620 ft) above sea level. The town boasts a rich historical legacy, with archaeological excavations revealing a complex settlement history spanning from Prehistory to the Ottoman period. Notably, Kharayeb's origins can be traced back to the Persian period (539–330 BC), when it played a pivotal role in the region's agricultural and economic landscape, culminating in the construction of its Phoenician temple around the 6th century BC. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०८:२३, २१ अक्टोबर २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27572997 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-44 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Christmas horror]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:es:Terror navideño]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Christmascarol1843 -- 169.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Christmas horror''' is a fiction genre and film genre that incorporates horror elements into a seasonal setting. It is popular in multiple countries. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:५०, २८ अक्टोबर २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27647428 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-45 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Placenta cake]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:simple:Placenta cake]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Bucharest, Greek pie-maker, 1880.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Placenta cake''' is a dish from ancient Greece and Rome consisting of many dough layers interspersed with a mixture of cheese and honey and flavored with bay leaves, baked and then covered in honey. The dessert is mentioned in classical texts such as the Greek poems of Archestratos and Antiphanes, as well as the De agri cultura of Cato the Elder. It is often seen as the predecessor of baklava and börek. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०८:०२, ४ नोभेम्बर २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27647428 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-46 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Trisomy 16]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Chromosome 16.svg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Trisomy 16''' is a chromosomal abnormality in which there are 3 copies of chromosome 16 rather than two. It is the most common trisomy leading to miscarriage and the second most common chromosomal cause of it, closely following X-chromosome monosomy. About 6% of miscarriages have trisomy 16. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:५४, ११ नोभेम्बर २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27708700 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-47 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Boana platanera]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Rana platanera - Boana platanera.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''''Boana platanera''''', commonly known as the banana tree dwelling frog, is a species of tree frog in the family Hylidae. It is distributed within Venezuela, Colombia, Panama, and Trinidad and Tobago. Boana platanera was described in 2021, and individuals of the species were previously classified as Boana crepitans or Boana xerophylla. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०८:३८, १८ नोभेम्बर २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27735014 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-48 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Wang Su-bok]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:fa:وانگ سو بوک]])&#32;([[:ko:왕수복]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Wang Su-bok''' was a singer from North Korea, who was the most popular singer in Japanese-occupied Korea in 1935. She was credited as a ground-breaking female artist, whose work led the way for the modern K-pop phenomenon. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:४२, २५ नोभेम्बर २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27846897 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-49 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Storm Filomena]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Spain’s chilly blanket ESA22415247.jpeg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Storm Filomena''' was an extratropical cyclone in early January 2021 that was most notable for bringing unusually heavy snowfall to parts of Spain, with Madrid recording its heaviest snowfall in over a century, and with Portugal being hit less severely. The eighth named storm of the 2020–21 European windstorm season, Filomena formed over the Atlantic Ocean close to the Canary Islands on 7 January, subsequently taking a slow track north-eastwards towards the Iberian Peninsula and then eastwards across the Mediterranean Sea. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०८:३३, २ डिसेम्बर २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27846897 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-50 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Syrian literature]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Poem about Baybars page 1 from Hakawati book.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Syrian literature''' is modern fiction written or orally performed in Arabic by writers from Syria since the independence of the Syrian Arab Republic in 1946. It is part of the historically and geographically wider Arabic literature. The modern states of Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, Israel as well as the Palestinian autonomous areas only came into being in the mid-20th century. Therefore, Syrian literature has since been referred to by literary scholarship as the national literature of the Syrian Arab Republic, as well as the works created in Arabic by Syrian writers in the diaspora. This literature has been influenced by the country's political history, the literature of other Arabic-speaking countries and, especially in its early days, by French literature. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:४४, ९ डिसेम्बर २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27846897 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-51 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Mars ocean theory]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:AncientMars.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Mars ocean theory''' states that nearly a third of the surface of Mars was covered by an ocean of liquid water early in the planet's geologic history. This primordial ocean, dubbed Paleo-Ocean or Oceanus Borealis (/oʊˈsiːənəs ˌbɒriˈælɪs/ oh-SEE-ə-nəs BORR-ee-AL-iss), would have filled the basin Vastitas Borealis in the northern hemisphere, a region that lies 4–5 km (2.5–3 miles) below the mean planetary elevation, at a time period of approximately 4.1–3.8 billion years ago. Evidence for this ocean includes geographic features resembling ancient shorelines, and the chemical properties of the Martian soil and atmosphere <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:३०, १६ डिसेम्बर २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27933909 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-52 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:2023 Slovenia floods]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Sava v Tacnu 4. avgusta ob 16h.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> In August 2023, major floods occurred in large part of Slovenia and neighbouring areas of Austria and Croatia due to heavy rain. Amongst others, the level of rivers Sava, Mur and Drava was exceptionally high. Several settlements and transport links in Slovene Littoral, Upper Carniola and Slovenian Carinthia were flooded. Due to the amount of rain, the streams in Idrija, Cerkno and Škofja Loka Hills overflowed. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०८:४०, २३ डिसेम्बर २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27933909 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-01 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Uganda Railways Corporation]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:de:Schienenverkehr in Uganda]])&#32;([[:no:Uganda Railways Corporation]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:9620 mit Güterzug.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Uganda Railways Corporation''' (URC) is the parastatal railway of Uganda. It was formed after the breakup of the East African Railways Corporation (EARC) in 1977 when it took over the Ugandan part of the East African railways. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०८:२२, ३० डिसेम्बर २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28019313 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-02 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Internment of Japanese Canadians]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Japanese road camp.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> From 1942 to 1949, Canada forcibly relocated and incarcerated over 22,000 Japanese Canadians—comprising over 90% of the total Japanese Canadian population—from British Columbia in the name of "national security". The majority were Canadian citizens by birth and were targeted based on their ancestry. This decision followed the events of the Japanese Empire's war in the Pacific against the Western Allies, such as the invasion of Hong Kong, the attack on Pearl Harbor in Hawaii, and the Fall of Singapore which led to the Canadian declaration of war on Japan during World War II. Similar to the actions taken against Japanese Americans in neighbouring United States, this forced relocation subjected many Japanese Canadians to government-enforced curfews and interrogations, job and property losses, and forced repatriation to Japan <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०९:४१, ६ जनवरी २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28070038 --> == Invitation to Participate in the Wikimedia SAARC Conference Community Engagement Survey == Dear Community Members, I hope this message finds you well. Please excuse the use of English; we encourage translations into your local languages to ensure inclusivity. We are conducting a Community Engagement Survey to assess the sentiments, needs, and interests of South Asian Wikimedia communities in organizing the inaugural Wikimedia SAARC Regional Conference, proposed to be held in Kathmandu, Nepal. This initiative aims to bring together participants from eight nations to collaborate towards shared goals. Your insights will play a vital role in shaping the event's focus, identifying priorities, and guiding the strategic planning for this landmark conference. Survey Link: https://forms.gle/en8qSuCvaSxQVD7K6 We kindly request you to dedicate a few moments to complete the survey. Your feedback will significantly contribute to ensuring this conference addresses the community's needs and aspirations. Deadline to Submit the Survey: 20 January 2025 Your participation is crucial in shaping the future of the Wikimedia SAARC community and fostering regional collaboration. Thank you for your time and valuable input. Warm regards,<br> [[:m:User:Biplab Anand|Biplab Anand]] <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=28078122 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-03 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Christmas seals]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:no:Julemerke]])&#32;([[:ru:Рождественская виньетка]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:1915 US Christmas Seal.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Christmas seals''' are adhesive labels that are similar in appearance to postage stamps that are sold then affixed to mail during the Christmas season to raise funds and awareness for charitable programs. Christmas seals have become particularly associated with lung diseases such as tuberculosis, and with child welfare in general. They were first issued in Denmark beginning in 1904, with Sweden and Iceland following with issues that same year. Thereafter the use of Christmas seals proved to be popular and spread quickly around the world, with 130 countries producing their own issues. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०८:०९, १३ जनवरी २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28086717 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-04 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:2010 Nagorno-Karabakh clashes]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:it:Scontri del Nagorno Karabakh del 2010]])&#32;([[:tr:2010 Dağlık Karabağ çatışmaları]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''2010 Nahorno karabakh war''' were a series of exchanges of gunfire that took place on February 18 on the line of contact dividing Azerbaijani and the Karabakh Armenian military forces. Azerbaijan accused the Armenian forces of firing on the Azerbaijani positions near Tap Qaraqoyunlu, Qızıloba, Qapanlı, Yusifcanlı and Cavahirli villages, as well as in uplands of Agdam Rayon with small arms fire including snipers. As a result, three Azerbaijani soldiers were killed and one wounded. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:०५, २० जनवरी २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28099770 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-05 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Jinnah's birthday]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Yorkstatue.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Jinnah's Birthday''', officially Quaid-e-Azam Day and sometimes known as Quaid Day, is a public holiday in Pakistan observed annually on 25 December to celebrate the birthday of the founder of Pakistan, Muhammad Ali Jinnah, known as Quaid-i-Azam ("Great Leader"). A major holiday, commemorations for Jinnah began during his lifetime in 1942, and have continued ever since. The event is primarily observed by the government and the citizens of the country where the national flag is hoisted at major architectural structures such as private and public buildings, particularly at the top of Quaid-e-Azam House in Karachi. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:१५, २७ जनवरी २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28156501 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-06 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:French conquest of Corsica]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Bataille de Ponte Novu.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''French conquest of Corsica''' was a successful expedition by French forces of the Kingdom of France under Comte de Vaux, against Corsican forces under Pasquale Paoli of the Corsican Republic. The expedition was launched in May 1768, in the aftermath of the Seven Years' War. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १८:०६, ३ फेब्रुअरी २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28200320 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-07 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Assassination of Spencer Perceval]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:PercevalShooting.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> On 11 May 1812, at about 5:15 pm, Spencer Perceval, the prime minister of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, was shot dead in the lobby of the House of Commons by John Bellingham, a Liverpool merchant with a grievance against the government. Bellingham was detained; four days after the murder, he was tried, convicted and sentenced to death. He was hanged at Newgate Prison on 18 May, one week after the assassination and one month before the start of the War of 1812. Perceval remains the sole British prime minister to have been assassinated. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०८:०३, १० फेब्रुअरी २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28200320 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-08 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:2010 Malagasy constitutional referendum]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> A constitutional referendum was held in Madagascar on 17 November 2010, in which voters approved a proposal for the state's fourth Constitution. The Malagasy people were asked to answer "Yes" or "No" to the proposed new constitution, which was considered to help consolidate Andry Rajoelina's grip on power. At the time of the referendum, Rajoelina headed the governing Highest Transitional Authority (HAT), an interim junta established following the military-backed coup d'état against then President Marc Ravalomanana in March 2009. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:०६, १७ फेब्रुअरी २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28245290 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-09 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Cooler Heads Coalition]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:de:Cooler Heads Coalition]])&#32;([[:fr:Cooler Heads Coalition]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Cooler Heads Coalition''' is a politically conservative "informal and ad-hoc group" in the United States, financed and operated by the Competitive Enterprise Institute. The group, which rejects the scientific consensus on climate change, made efforts to stop the government from addressing climate change. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०८:०८, २४ फेब्रुअरी २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28300238 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-10 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:pt:Transmissor de Ondas]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:en:Wave Transmitter]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Esq eletr transm ondas color.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Transmissor de Ondas''' é um equipamento precursor do rádio, desenvolvido por Roberto Landell de Moura na década de 1890, capaz de transmitir áudio via ondas eletromagnéticas, com sua primeira demonstração pública documentada tendo ocorrido no dia 16 de julho de 1899. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:३५, ३ मार्च २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28317097 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-11 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:it:Smoky (mascotte olimpica)]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:en:Smoky (Olympic mascot)]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Smoky 1932 Olympic Village Mascot.webp|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Smoky''' (Los Angeles, 1931 o 1932 - Los Angeles, aprile 1934), occasionalmente scritto Smokey, è stato un cane che divenne la mascotte del villaggio olimpico estivo del 1932 e, successivamente, dell'evento generale. Pur non essendo oggi riconosciuto dal CIO, è stato, seppur non in modo ufficiale, la prima mascotte olimpica dei Giochi, oltre che a essere attualmente l'unica a essere stata un animale vero. Le successive edizioni non ebbero mascotte, dovendo aspettare i X Giochi olimpici invernali di Grenoble nel 1968 per ritrovarne una ufficialmente riconosciuta, lo sciatore stilizzato Schuss, allora non considerato ufficiale ma successivamente riconosciuto come tale. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०८:३५, १० मार्च २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28317097 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-12 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Amazonas, o maior rio do mundo]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:pt:Amazonas, o maior rio do mundo]])&#32;([[:es:Amazonas, o maior rio do mundo]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Frame A from Amazonas, o maior rio do mundo.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''''Amazonas, o maior rio do mundo''''' (lit. 'Amazon: The Greatest River in the World') is a 1922 Brazilian silent documentary film produced in 1918 by Silvino Santos. It is a black-and-white film that portrays life in the Amazon rainforest. Completed in 1920, it is considered one of the oldest cinematic records of the Amazon. It was presumed lost in 1931 and only rediscovered in 2023 at the Czech Film Archive. Silvino Santos produced the work over three years using sophisticated cinematic techniques, which led it to be deemed of "immense artistic value" by Le Monde. It has also been described as the "Holy Grail of Brazilian silent cinema" by The Guardian. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:४२, १७ मार्च २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28392163 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-13 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Ali of the Eretnids]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:tr:Alaaddin Ali Bey]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Ala al-Din Ali''' (January 1353 – August 1380) was the third Sultan of the Eretnids ruling from 1366 until his death. He inherited the throne at a very early age and was removed from administrative matters. He was characterized as particularly keen on personal pleasures, which later discredited his authority. During his rule, emirs under the Eretnids enjoyed considerable autonomy, and the state continued to shrink as neighboring powers captured several towns. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:४४, २४ मार्च २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28433698 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-14 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Chilembwe uprising]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Chilembwe supporters being led to be executed (cropped).jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Chilembwe uprising''' was a rebellion against British colonial rule in Nyasaland (modern-day Malawi) which took place in January 1915. It was led by John Chilembwe, an American-educated Baptist minister. Based around his church in the village of Mbombwe in the south-east of the colony, the leaders of the revolt were mainly from an emerging black middle class. They were motivated by grievances against the British colonial system, which included forced labour, racial discrimination and new demands imposed on the African population following the outbreak of World War I. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०९:३७, ३१ मार्च २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28454663 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-15 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:1930 Bago earthquake]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:my:၁၉၃၀ ပဲခူးငလျင်]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Thiao Mueang Phama (1955, p. 165).jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> An earthquake affected Myanmar on 5 May 1930 with a moment magnitude (Mw ) 7.4. The shock occurred 35 km (22 mi) beneath the surface with a maximum Rossi–Forel intensity of IX (Devastating tremor). The earthquake was the result of rupture along a 131 km (81 mi) segment of the Sagaing Fault—a major strike-slip fault that runs through the country. Extensive damage was reported in the southern part of the country, particularly in Bago and Yangon, where buildings collapsed and fires erupted. At least 550, and possibly up to 7,000 people were killed. A moderate tsunami struck the Burmese coast which caused minor damage to ships and a port. It was felt for over 570,000 km2 (220,000 sq mi) and as far as Shan State and Thailand. The mainshock was followed by many aftershocks; several were damaging. The December earthquake was similarly sized which also occurred along the Sagaing Fault. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:३९, ७ अप्रिल २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28454663 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-16 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Museum of Zoology of the University of São Paulo]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:pt:Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Museu de Zoologia da USP 02.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Museum of Zoology of the University of São Paulo''' (Portuguese: Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, abbreviated MZUSP) is a public natural history museum located in the historic Ipiranga district of São Paulo, Brazil. The MZUSP is an educational and research institution that is part of the University of São Paulo. The museum began at the end of the 19th century as part of the Museu Paulista; in 1941, it moved into a dedicated building. In 1969 the museum became a part of the University of São Paulo, receiving its current name. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०८:१२, १४ अप्रिल २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28454663 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-17 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Fear of crime]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:ar:الخوف من الجريمة]])&#32;([[:it:Criminofobia]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Fear of crime''' refers to the fear of being a victim of crime, which is not necessarily reflective of the actual probability of being such a victim. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०८:०९, २१ अप्रिल २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28559524 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-18 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Heritage preservation in South Korea]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Korean.Dance-03.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The heritage preservation system of South Korea is a multi-level program aiming to preserve and cultivate Korean cultural heritage. The program is administered by the Cultural Heritage Administration (CHA), and the legal framework is provided by the Cultural Heritage Protection Act of 1962, last updated in 2012. The program started in 1962 and has gradually been extended and upgraded since then. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०६:४२, २८ अप्रिल २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28583422 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-19 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Lhamana]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:We-Wa, a Zuni berdache, weaving - NARA - 523796 (cropped).jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Lhamana''', in traditional Zuni culture, are biologically male people who take on the social and ceremonial roles usually performed by women in their culture, at least some of the time. They wear a mixture of women's and men's clothing and much of their work is in the areas usually occupied by Zuni women. Some contemporary lhamana participate in the pan-Indian two-spirit community. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १३:१४, ५ मे २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28583422 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-20 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:it:Gruppo del Sileno]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Parco3.JPG|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Sileno ed Egle con Mnasilo e Cromi''', meglio noto come Gruppo del Sileno, è un monumento in marmo di Carrara, realizzato da Jean-Baptiste Boudard nel 1765 per il Giardino Ducale di Parma; sostituito nel 1991 con una copia in polvere di marmo e resina, l'originale si trova provvisoriamente nel chiostro della Fontana del monastero di San Paolo, in attesa della definitiva collocazione prevista all'interno del palazzetto Eucherio Sanvitale nel parco Ducale. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०८:१३, १२ मे २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28709947 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-21 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Lorrin A. Thurston]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:fi:Lorrin Thurston]])&#32;([[:ko:로린 A. 서스턴]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Lorrinandrewsthurston1892.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Lorrin Andrews Thurston''' (July 31, 1858 – May 11, 1931) was a Hawaiian citizen lawyer, politician, and businessman. Thurston played a prominent role in the revolution that overthrew the Hawaiian Kingdom to replace Queen Liliʻuokalani with the Republic of Hawaii, with discreet US support for which Congress much later apologized. He published the Pacific Commercial Advertiser (a forerunner of the present-day Honolulu Star-Advertiser), and owned other enterprises. From 1906 to 1916, he and his network lobbied with national politicians to create a national park to preserve the Hawaiian volcanoes. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०८:१८, १९ मे २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28731710 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-22 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:it:Lamiera bugnata]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:en:Tread plate]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Diamond Plate.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> Una '''lamiera bugnata''' o mandorlata è una lamiera di metallo ottenuta dalla laminazione di una bramma attraverso rulli che, tramite punzonatura o goffratura, imprimono sulla lamina rilievi a forma di rombo o ellisse, detti bugne. Nel caso questi rilievi siano alternati singolarmente nei due assi, si parla di lamiera diamantata, mentre se le forme sono predisposte in maniera parallela per formare piccoli quadranti tra di loro tangenti, questo pattern viene identificato con il nome di mandorlato. We tend to ignore the fact that this type of plate is the only reason we don't slip when we walk on steel and wet or frozen surfaces. The Italian article it's short but quite complete, and has just the right amount of citations, unlike other poor languages' versions. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ११:४९, २६ मे २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28751788 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-23 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:it:Angelo azzurro (cocktail)]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:es:Ángel azul (cóctel)]])&#32;([[:fr:Ange bleu (cocktail)]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Angelo Azzurro Cocktail.png|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> L''''angelo azzurro''' è un cocktail alcolico italiano. È considerato uno dei cocktail più popolari in Italia negli anni novanta, insieme al B-52 e all'Invisibile. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ११:२४, २ जुन २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28788623 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-24 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:fi:Kotiryssä]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:en:Kotiryssä]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> A '''kotiryssä''' (jocular Finnish: one’s home Russky or home Russian) was a Soviet or Russian contact person of a Finnish politician, bureaucrat, businessman or other important person. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०८:१८, ९ जुन २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28788623 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-25 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Future self]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:pl:Przyszła jaźń]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> In the psychology of self, the '''future self''' concerns the processes and consequences associated with thinking about oneself in the future. People think about their future selves similarly to how they think about other people. The extent to which people feel psychologically connected (e.g., similarity, closeness) to their future self influences how well they treat their future self. When people feel connected to their future self, they are more likely to save for retirement, make healthy decisions, and avoid ethical transgressions. Interventions that increase feelings of connectedness with future selves can improve future-oriented decision making across these domains. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०८:०३, १६ जुन २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28788623 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-26 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Pictorial map]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:fa:نقشه تصویری]])&#32;([[:ja:絵地図]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Blake Britain Spearhead of Attack.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Pictorial maps''' (also known as illustrated maps, panoramic maps, perspective maps, bird's-eye view maps, and geopictorial maps) depict a given territory with a more artistic rather than technical style. It is a type of map in contrast to road map, atlas, or topographic map. The cartography can be a sophisticated 3-D perspective landscape or a simple map graphic enlivened with illustrations of buildings, people and animals. They can feature all sorts of varied topics like historical events, legendary figures or local agricultural products and cover anything from an entire continent to a college campus. Drawn by specialized artists and illustrators, pictorial maps are a rich, centuries-old tradition and a diverse art form that ranges from cartoon maps on restaurant placemats to treasured art prints in museums. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:०३, २३ जुन २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28788623 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-27 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Queen Elizabeth University Hospital]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:QEUH.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Queen Elizabeth University Hospital''' (QEUH) is a 1,677-bed acute hospital located in Govan, in the south-west of Glasgow, Scotland. The hospital is built on the site of the former Southern General Hospital and opened at the end of April 2015. The hospital comprises a 1,109-bed adult hospital, a 256-bed children's hospital and two major Emergency Departments; one for adults and one for children. There is also an Immediate Assessment Unit for local GPs and out-of-hours services, to send patients directly, without having to be processed through the Emergency Department. The retained buildings from the former Southern General Hospital include the Maternity Unit, the Institute of Neurological Sciences, the Langlands Unit for medicine of the elderly and the laboratory. The whole facility is operated by NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, and is one of the largest acute hospital campuses in Europe. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:५०, ३० जुन २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28788623 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-28 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Non-constituency Member of Parliament]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> A '''Non-constituency Member of Parliament''' (NCMP) is a member of an opposition political party in Singapore who, as stipulated in Article 39 of the Constitution and the Parliamentary Elections Act, is declared to have been elected a Member of Parliament (MP) without constituency representation, despite having lost in a general election, by virtue of having been one of the opposition candidates with the highest vote shares among the unelected. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:५५, ७ जुलाई २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28788623 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-29 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Immunolabeling]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Immunolabeling process image.png|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Immunolabeling''' is a biochemical process that enables the detection and localization of an antigen to a particular site within a cell, tissue, or organ. Antigens are organic molecules, usually proteins, capable of binding to an antibody. These antigens can be visualized using a combination of antigen-specific antibody as well as a means of detection, called a tag, that is covalently linked to the antibody <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> ---[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १९:२९, १४ जुलाई २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28945528 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-30 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Vespa analis]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Plumpy hornet on the ground - 1.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''''Vespa analis''''', the yellow-vented hornet, is a species of common hornet found in Southeast Asia <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:१३, २१ जुलाई २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28984647 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-31 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Fernando de Noronha Marine National Park]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:pt:Parque Nacional Marinho de Fernando de Noronha]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Baía dos Porcos - Fernando de Noronha (32811749914).jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Fernando de Noronha Marine National Park''' (Portuguese: Parque Nacional Marinho de Fernando de Noronha) is a national park in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:२५, २८ जुलाई २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29047614 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-32 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Xie Zhiliu]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Xie Zhiliu''' (Chinese: 谢稚柳; 1910–1997) was a leading traditional painter, calligrapher, and art connoisseur of modern China. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:०६, ४ अगस्ट २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29077280 --> == विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०२५ मा सहभागी हुने सम्बन्धमा == {{fmbox | image = [[File:Wiki Women-Nepal 2015.png|90px|link=https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A6%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%AB]] | imageright= [[File:Wikipedia-logo-v2-ne.svg|80px|link=]] | style = | textstyle = | text = <center> [[नेपाली विकिपिडिया]]मा ०५ अगस्ट २०२५ देखि ३१ अगस्ट २०२५ सम्म नारी सम्मानमा समर्पित '''"महिला स्वास्थ तथा स्वच्छता सम्बन्धी जागरूकता"''' नाराको साथ [[विकिपिडिया:विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०२५|विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०२५]] सञ्चालन भइरहेको छ, सहभागी हुनका लागि सहभागीहरूले '''[[विकिपिडिया:विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०२५/सहभागीहरू|यहाँ]]''' आफ्नो नाम दर्ता गर्नको लागि अनुरोध गरिन्छ।<br> <span class="mw-ui-button mw-ui-progressive">[[विकिपिडिया:विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०२५|<span style="color:white">अझ थप जानकारी...</span>]]</span></br></center> }} <!-- Message sent by User:पर्वत सुबेदी@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Nabin_K._Sapkota/Mass_Message_Users_List&oldid=1299914 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-33 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Lethocerus patruelis]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Lethocerus patruelis.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''''Lethocerus patruelis''''' is a giant water bug in the family Belostomatidae. It is native to southeastern Europe, through Southwest Asia, to Pakistan, India and Burma. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०८:०५, ११ अगस्ट २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29085671 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-34 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Ikiza]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:CIA map of Burundi and surrounding countries during 1972 killings.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Ikiza''' (variously translated from Kirundi as the Catastrophe, the Great Calamity, and the Scourge), or the Ubwicanyi (Killings), was a series of mass killings—often characterised as a genocide—which were committed in Burundi in 1972 by the Tutsi-dominated army and government, primarily against educated and elite Hutus who lived in the country. Conservative estimates place the death toll of the event between 100,000 and 150,000 killed, while some estimates of the death toll go as high as 300,000. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०८:२८, १८ अगस्ट २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29115447 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-35 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Corallite]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Recent azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) - ZooKeys-227-001-g004.jpeg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> A '''corallite''' is the skeletal cup, formed by an individual stony coral polyp, in which the polyp sits and into which it can retract. The cup is composed of aragonite, a crystalline form of calcium carbonate, and is secreted by the polyp. Corallites vary in size, but in most colonial corals they are less than 3 mm (0.12 in) in diameter. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०८:०३, २५ अगस्ट २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29115447 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-36 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Diksam Plateau]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Dixam plateau (6407168437).jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Diksam Plateau''' or Dixam Plateau (Arabic: دكسم) is a limestone plateau in Socotra, Yemen. The Firmihin forest, located east of the Dirhur canyon within the plateau, has the highest concentration of Dragon's Blood Trees on the entire island. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०८:२५, १ सेप्टेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29195081 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-37 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:it:Ttongsul]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:ja:トンスル]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Ttongsul (imitation).jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> Il '''ttongsul''' (똥술), o vino di feci, è una tradizionale preparazione medicinale coreana con gradazione alcolica al 9% a base di feci, solitamente umane e preferibilmente di bambino. Nato probabilmente traendo spunto dalla medicina tradizionale cinese, nelle credenze popolari il vino di feci avrebbe proprietà benefiche per molti tipi di malesseri: sarebbe un rimedio per dolori muscolari, ustioni, infiammazioni, epilessia e fratture ossee. Sebbene alcuni media occidentali abbiano in passato riportato che questa bevanda sia diffusa tra la popolazione coreana, al giorno d'oggi un numero molto limitato di persone ne fa uso, dopo aver subito un declino di popolarità nei secoli scorsi, tanto che la maggioranza dei giovani coreani non ne ha mai sentito parlare. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०८:१३, ८ सेप्टेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29195081 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-38 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Pak Kum-chol]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Pak Kum-chol in 1961 (cropped).jpg|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Pak Kum-chol''' was a North Korean politician. Having been a guerrilla during the anti-Japanese struggle, he became a high-ranking politician after the liberation of Korea. Pak aligned himself with his former guerrilla brothers in arms from the Kapsan Operation Committee to form a faction within the ruling Workers' Party of Korea (WPK) called the "Kapsan faction". This faction sought to replace Kim Il Sung with Pak. Kim retaliated by purging the faction in 1967 in what is known as the Kapsan faction incident. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०८:०३, १५ सेप्टेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29249252 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-39 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Federation of Central America (1921–1922)]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:es:Federación de Centro América (1921-1922)]])&#32;([[:ar:اتحاد أمريكا الوسطى (1921-1922)]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Central America's Northern Triangle (orthographic projection).png|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Federation of Central America''' (Spanish: Federación de Centro América)[1] was a short-lived federal republic that existed in Central America between 1921 and 1922. The federation consisted of the Central American nations of El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०८:३०, २२ सेप्टेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29311347 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-40 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:it:Palazzo delle Poste (Latina)]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Postelittoria2.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> Il '''Palazzo delle Poste''', fino al 1945 Ricevitoria Postelegrafonica di Littoria, è un edificio postale di Latina, situato in piazzale dei Bonificatori. Costruito nel 1932 in stile razionalista con influenze futuriste, riscontrabili nell'utilizzo di ampie superfici vetrate e di volumi verticali, oltre che per la presenza di l’utilizzo di materiali e scelte di design molto in voga all'epoca come, come i mattoni a vista, il travertino di Tivoli e l'Anticorodal (una lega di alluminio), ospita l'ufficio postale Latina Centro. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०६:४३, २९ सेप्टेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29341788 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-41 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Majed Abu Maraheel]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Majed Abu Maraheel''' was a Palestinian long-distance runner, football player, security officer, and athletics coach, who was the first Palestinian to compete at the Olympic Games. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १८:३३, ६ अक्टोबर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29341788 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-42 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Abortion in Eritrea]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> In Eritrea, abortion is banned except on the grounds of pregnancy from rape or incest, pregnancy of a minor, or risk to physical or mental health. Legal abortions require medical or judicial approval. Prior to Eritrea's independence, it applied Ethiopia's abortion law of the 1950s, which banned abortion unless life-saving. After independence, the 1991 penal code adapted this law to lift punishments on abortions on the grounds of rape, incest, or risk to life or health, but legal abortions did not exist in effect. The penal codes of 2001 and 2015 required physicians to prove health grounds for abortion. Unsafe abortion is common and contributes to maternal mortality in Eritrea. Post-abortion care is unavailable in some regions. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०६:५१, १३ अक्टोबर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29341788 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-43 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Liberation of Auschwitz concentration camp]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Auschwitz Liberated January 1945.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> On 27 January 1945, Auschwitz—a Nazi concentration camp and extermination camp in occupied Poland where more than a million people were murdered as part of the Nazis' "Final Solution" to the Jewish question—was liberated by the Soviet Red Army during the Vistula–Oder Offensive. Although most of the prisoners had been forced onto a death march, about 7,000 had been left behind. The Soviet soldiers attempted to help the survivors and were shocked at the scale of Nazi crimes. The date is recognized as International Holocaust Remembrance Day. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:४९, २० अक्टोबर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29452019 --> == विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०२५ मा सहभागिता == [[File:Wikipedia Asian Month Logo.svg|right|200px]] नमस्ते {{BASEPAGENAME}} ज्यू!<br /> तपाईंलाई '''[[विकिपिडिया:विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०२५|विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०२५]]''' मा सहभागी हुन हार्दिक निमन्त्रणा गर्दछौं। नोभेम्बर महिनाभर सञ्चालन हुने अनलाइन सम्पादन–थन प्रतियोगिताको उद्देश्य नेपाली विकिपिडियामा नेपालबाहेकका एसियाली देशहरूको लेख संख्या र गुणस्तर बढाउनु हो। चार वा सोभन्दा बढी योग्य लेख सिर्जना गर्ने सहभागीहरूले विशेष '''डिजिटल बार्नस्टार''' पाउनुहुनेछ। सहभागी हुन [[विकिपिडिया:विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०२५/सहभागीहरू|यहाँ क्लिक गर्नुहोस्]]। आउनुहोस्, योगदान गरेर एसियाली विकिपिडिया समुदायबीच मित्रता र सहकार्य बढाऔं! --[[प्रयोगकर्ता:Saroj|Saroj]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:Saroj|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) २०:४८, २५ अक्टोबर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Saroj@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Saroj/SampleInvitation&oldid=29506389 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-44 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Black Diaries]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Black Diaries''' are diaries purported to have been written by the Irish revolutionary Roger Casement, which contained accounts of homosexual liaisons with young men. They cover the years 1903, 1910 and 1911 (two) and were handed in to Scotland Yard after his capture in April 1916. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०८:३६, २७ अक्टोबर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29487357 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-45 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Consolations (Liszt)]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Franz Liszt - Consolation No. 3, Lento placido.ogg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Consolations''', S. 171a/172 (German: Tröstungen) are a set of six solo piano works by Franz Liszt. The compositions take the musical style of nocturnes with each having its own distinctive style. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:३७, ३ नोभेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29558323 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-46 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Marine coastal ecosystem]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Vegetation and fauna processes controlling benthic biogeochemical fluxes.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> A '''marine coastal ecosystem''' is a marine ecosystem which occurs where the land meets the ocean. Worldwide there is about 620,000 kilometres (390,000 mi) of coastline. Coastal habitats extend to the margins of the continental shelves, occupying about 7 percent of the ocean surface area. Marine coastal ecosystems include many very different types of marine habitats, each with their own characteristics and species composition. They are characterized by high levels of biodiversity and productivity. For example, estuaries are areas where freshwater rivers meet the saltwater of the ocean, creating an environment that is home to a wide variety of species, including fish, shellfish, and birds. Salt marshes are coastal wetlands which thrive on low-energy shorelines in temperate and high-latitude areas, populated with salt-tolerant plants such as cordgrass and marsh elder that provide important nursery areas for many species of fish and shellfish. Mangrove forests survive in the intertidal zones of tropical or subtropical coasts, populated by salt-tolerant trees that protect habitat for many marine species, including crabs, shrimp, and fish. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:३९, १० नोभेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29584005 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-47 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Elephant communication]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Three elephant's curly kisses.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Elephants communicate''' via touching, visual displays, vocalisations, seismic vibrations, and semiochemicals. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०८:०९, १७ नोभेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29627457 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-48 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Animal-made art]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Painting Queen 1024x768.png|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Animal-made art''' consists of works by non-human animals, that have been considered by humans to be artistic, including visual works, music, photography, and videography. Some of these are created naturally by animals, often as courtship displays, while others are created with human involvement. There have been debates about the copyright status of these works, with the United States Copyright Office stating in 2014 that works that lack human authorship cannot have their copyright registered at the US Copyright Office. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:५८, २४ नोभेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29627457 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-49 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Halachic state]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The term "'''halachic state'''" (Hebrew: מְדִינַת הֲלָכָה‎ Medīnat Hălāḵā) refers to a sovereign state that endorses Judaism in an official capacity and governs by Jewish religious law. It has been a subject of discussion among Orthodox Jews, particularly with regard to modern Israel, which, although a Jewish state, is not classified as a theocracy. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १३:४६, १ डिसेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29719355 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-50 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:ru:Сто лошадей]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:en:One Hundred Horses]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:A_Hundred_Steeds.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''''One Hundred Horses''''' (Chinese: 百駿圖) is a Qing dynasty silk and ink painting by Giuseppe Castiglione. It was painted in 1728 for the Yongzheng emperor. The painting depicts a hundred horses in a variety of poses and activities, combining Western realism with traditional Chinese composition and brushwork. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०८:१४, ८ डिसेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29719355 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-51 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:First Universal Races Congress]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:fr:Premier Congrès universel des races]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Universal Races Congress seated outside the entrance to the Imperial Institute, London, 1911.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''First Universal Races Congress''' met in 1911 for four days at the University of London as an early effort at anti-racism. Speakers from a number of countries discussed race relations and how to improve them. The congress, with 2,100 attendees, was organised by prominent humanists of that era. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:४१, १५ डिसेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29779168 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-52 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Pin Malakul]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Pin Malakul, January 1922.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Pin Malakul''' (24 October 1903 – 5 October 1995) was a Thai professor, educator and writer. His contributions to education in Thailand include the establishment of various institutions of higher education, the introduction of fixed class schedules, and the implementation of teacher-training programmes. In his career he served as Director-General of the Department of General Education, later becoming Permanent Secretary, and Minister, of Education. He was also a member of the executive board of UNESCO. His writings earned him the title of National Artist in 1987, and the 100th anniversary of his birth was celebrated by the UNESCO in 2003 as recognition of his contribution to the advancement of education in Thailand and Southeast Asia. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> -[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०८:११, २२ डिसेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29802495 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-01 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:The Morning of the Magicians]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Le Matin des magiciens, couverture.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''''The Morning of the Magicians: Introduction to Fantastic Realism''''' (French: Le Matin des magiciens: Introduction au réalisme fantastique) is a 1960 book by the journalists Louis Pauwels and Jacques Bergier. It covers topics like cryptohistory, ufology, occultism in Nazism, alchemy, spiritual philosophy. The second half of the book is entirely dedicated to the Nazi-Occult connections; the book is widely credited with the proliferation of numerous myths related to occultism in Nazism. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०८:०५, २९ डिसेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29802495 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-02 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Somaliland War of Independence]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Somaliland, fighters of the Somali National Movement (SNM), 1980s.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Somaliland War of Independence''' was a rebellion waged by the Somali National Movement (SNM) against the ruling military junta in Somalia led by General Siad Barre lasting from its founding on 6 April 1981 and ended on 18 May 1991 when the SNM declared what was then northern Somalia independent as the Republic of Somaliland. The conflict served as the main theater of the larger Somali Rebellion that started in 1978. The conflict was in response to the harsh policies enacted by the Barre regime against the main clan family in Somaliland, the Isaaq, including a declaration of economic warfare on the clan-family. These harsh policies were put into effect shortly after the conclusion of the disastrous Ogaden War in 1978. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०८:४५, ५ जनवरी २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29871911 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-03 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:it:Pietro Lauro]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:en:Pietro Lauro]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Master I.A.V.F., Pietro Lauro, born 1508, Modenese Poet and Scholar (obverse), 1555, NGA 45072.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Pietro Lauro''', conosciuto anche come Pietro Lauro Modonese o Pietro Lauro da Modona (Modena o dintorni, 1510 circa – Venezia, 1568 circa) è stato un traduttore, scrittore e divulgatore scientifico italiano. Nonostante non si conosca gran parte della sua biografia, fu uno dei poligrafi italiani più conosciuti del Cinquecento. La sua produzione raccoglie traduzioni dal latino, dal greco e dallo spagnolo e riguardano opere di autori classici, stranieri e protestanti. Lauro si dimostrò abile nel trattare testi con temi molto diversi, come la filosofia, l'architettura, la medicina, il giardinaggio, l'agronomia, le scienze biologiche, la storia, la teologia e l'astronomia. Si cimentò anche nella scrittura di un poema cavalleresco sullo stile di quelli spagnoli, il Polendo, sua magnum opus in questo senso. Aderente alla Riforma protestante, sebbene le sue trasposizioni siano state oggetto di critiche già degli autori a lui contemporanei, che le giudicarono troppo letterali, rozze e imparziali, a Lauro si deve il merito di aver ultimato la traduzione in lingua volgare di numerosi testi sia classici, sia scientifici, sia epistolari. I suoi lavori ebbero una notevole diffusione, non solo tra i letterati veneziani della sua epoca, ma in tutta Italia, tanto che alcune sue traduzioni vengono ancora oggi ristampate in nuove edizioni. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:३०, १२ जनवरी २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29894468 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-04 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:it:Volto di Palazzo Vecchio]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Piazza della signoria angolo via della ninna, palazzo vecchio, cantonata con testa scolpita 02.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> Il '''volto di Palazzo Vecchio''' (conosciuto anche come L'importuno o L'inopportuno) è un incisione su pietraforte attibuita a Michelangelo Buonarroti, scolpita in una delle pietre di Palazzo Vecchio a Firenze. Secondo le varie leggende, il profilo sarebbe stato realizzato come graffito dall'artista toscano, con soggetto un suo importunatore, un debitore, un condannato a morte o se stesso. Nel 2020, gli studiosi hanno ipotizzato possa invece trattarsi di un ritratto di Francesco Granacci, pittore amico di Michelangelo. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:५९, १९ जनवरी २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29945240 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-05 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:it:Raffaello Kobayashi]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:en:Raffaello Kobayashi]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Raffaello Kobayashi''', nato Raffaele Sanzio (Bari, 14 gennaio 1917 – Yokohama, 1 aprile 2011), è stato un militare italiano naturalizzato giapponese. Sommergibilista durante la Seconda guerra mondiale, prestò servizio per tutte e tre le principali Potenze dell'Asse: Regno d'Italia, Germania nazista e Impero giapponese. Alla fine della guerra si nascose in Giappone per evitare di subire l'internamento in un campo di prigionia, divenendo poi cittadino nipponico e cambiando il proprio nome. Prese parte all'affondamento della HMS Calypso nel 1940, primo successo italiano in campo navale nel corso del conflitto mondiale. Con l'abbattimento di un bombardiere statunitense il 22 agosto 1945, otto giorni dopo il discorso di resa del Giappone alle potenze alleate della seconda guerra mondiale, a bordo del Comandante Cappellini, sarebbe stata l'ultima persona in assoluto a mettere fuori combattimento un velivolo degli Alleati nella stessa guerra. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:५१, २६ जनवरी २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29945240 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-06 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Censorship in the Czech Republic]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:cs:Cenzura v Česku]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Censorship in the Czech Republic''' had been highly active until 17 November 1989 and the fall of Communism in the former Czechoslovakia. Czech Republic was ranked as the 13th most free country in the World Press Freedom Index in 2014. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०८:१७, २ फेब्रुअरी २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29945240 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-07 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Petites Heures of Jean de France, Duc de Berry]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Jacquemart de Hesdin 002.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Petites Heures of Jean de France, Duc de Berry''' is an illuminated book of hours commissioned by John, Duke of Berry between 1375 and 1385–90. It is known for its ornate miniature leaves and border decorations. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०९:४४, ९ फेब्रुअरी २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29945240 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-08 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Lysmata grabhami]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Lysmata grabhami1.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''''Lysmata grabhami''''' is a species of saltwater shrimp in the family Hippolytidae. It was first described by Gordon in 1935. It occurs in the tropical and subtropical Atlantic Ocean and is a cleaner shrimp, operating a cleaning station to which fish come to have parasites removed. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १९:३०, १६ फेब्रुअरी २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29945240 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-09 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:it:Elefante di Cremona]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:de:Elefant von Cremona]])&#32;([[:eo:Elefanto de Cremona]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Matthew Paris Elephant from Parker MS 16 fol 151v.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> L''''elefante di Cremona''' (Asia, prima del 1228 - Parma, gennaio 1248) fu un esemplare di elefante donato nel 1228 a Federico II di Svevia da parte del sultano ayyubide al-Malik al-Kamil durante gli incontri che porteranno alla Pace di Giaffa. Usato principalmente per le manifestazioni trionfali del sovrano, l'elefante è citato da numerosi cronachisti e testimoni dell'epoca ed è noto per aver trainato il Carroccio dopo la grande vittoria delle armate di Federico II nella battaglia di Cortenuova del 1237. Rimasto a lungo nell'immaginario popolare collettivo, l'animale venne ucciso durante alcuni scontri occorsi nelle settimane immediatamente precedenti alla battaglia di Parma. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १७:२८, २३ फेब्रुअरी २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30097839 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-10 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Treaty of the Danish West Indies]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:The Virgin islands of the United States of America; historical and descriptive, commercial and industrial facts, figures, and resources (1918) (14596880870).jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Treaty of the Danish West Indies''' (Danish: Vestindiens traktat), officially the Convention between the United States and Denmark for cession of the Danish West Indies (Danish: Konventionen mellem USA og Danmark), was a 1916 treaty transferring sovereignty of the Danish West Indies from Denmark to the United States in exchange for a sum of US$25,000,000 in gold ($722 million in 2024) and a declaration from the United States that it would "not object to the Danish Government extending their political and economic interests to the whole of Greenland". It is one of the most recent permanent expansions of United States territory. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०८:२८, २ मार्च २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30097839 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-11 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Steens Mountain]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Steens Mountain near Andrews, Oregon.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Steens Mountain''' is a large fault-block mountain in the northwest United States, located in Harney County, Oregon. Stretching some fifty miles (80 km) north to south, on its east side it rises from the Alvord Desert at an elevation of about 4,200 feet (1,280 m) to 9,738 feet (2,968 m) at the summit. Steens Mountain is not part of a mountain range but is properly a single mountain, the largest of Oregon's fault-block mountains. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १३:१६, ९ मार्च २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30097839 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-12 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Casque (anatomy)]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Great hornbill (Buceros bicornis) Photograph by Shantanu Kuveskar.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> A '''casque''' is an anatomical feature found in some species of birds, reptiles, and amphibians. In birds, it is an enlargement of the bones of the upper mandible or the skull, either on the front of the face, the top of the head, or both. The casque has been hypothesized to serve as a visual cue to a bird's sex, state of maturity, or social status; as reinforcement to the beak's structure; or as a resonance chamber, enhancing calls. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०८:२८, १६ मार्च २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30245038 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-13 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Etruscan sculpture]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Frontone A del grande tempio di luni con concilio degli dei, 175-150 ac. ca. 01.JPG|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Etruscan sculpture''' was one of the most important artistic expressions of the Etruscan people, who inhabited the regions of Northern Italy and Central Italy between about the 9th century BC and the 1st century BC. Etruscan art was largely a derivation of Greek art, although developed with many characteristics of its own. Given the almost total lack of Etruscan written documents, a problem compounded by the paucity of information on their language—still largely undeciphered—it is in their art that the keys to the reconstruction of their history are to be found, although Greek and Roman chronicles are also of great help. Like its culture in general, Etruscan sculpture has many obscure aspects for scholars, being the subject of controversy and forcing them to propose their interpretations always tentatively, but the consensus is that it was part of the most important and original legacy of Italian art and even contributed significantly to the initial formation of the artistic traditions of ancient Rome. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:५२, २३ मार्च २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30245038 --> == अत्यावश्यक ज्ञान अभियान २०२६ == नमस्ते {{BASEPAGENAME}} ज्यू! तपाईंलाई [[Event:अत्यावश्यक ज्ञान अभियान २०२६|अत्यावश्यक ज्ञान अभियान २०२६]] मा सहभागी हुन हार्दिक निमन्त्रणा गर्दछौं। यो ३-हप्ते अभियान (२३ मार्च – १३ अप्रिल २०२६) मार्फत नेपाली विकिपिडियामा अत्यावश्यक लेखहरू सुधार र विस्तार गर्ने लक्ष्य राखिएको छ। यस अभियानमा सहभागी भई तपाईंले: * विकिपिडियामा सम्पादन गर्ने सीप विकास गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ * लेखहरू सुधार, अनुवाद तथा नयाँ लेख सिर्जना गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ * नेपाली विकिपिडियामा महत्त्वपूर्ण योगदान दिन सक्नुहुन्छ उत्कृष्ट योगदानकर्ताहरूलाई [https://diff.wikimedia.org/ Diff] (विकिमिडिया समुदाय ब्लग) मार्फत विशेष पहिचान दिइनेछ। प्रति हप्ता २–५ घण्टा समय दिएर पनि तपाईं सहभागी हुन सक्नुहुन्छ। सहभागी हुन र थप जानकारीका लागि कृपया [[Event:अत्यावश्यक ज्ञान अभियान २०२६|अभियान पृष्ठ हेर्नुहोस्]]। धन्यवाद! --[[प्रयोगकर्ता:Saroj|Saroj]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:Saroj|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १५:३६, २३ मार्च २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Saroj@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Saroj/MassMessage&oldid=1347853 --> ==[[:नेलाङ]] [[विकिपिडिया:शीघ्र मेट्नुपर्ने आधार|शीघ्र मेट्नुपर्ने]]मा मनोनित== [[Image:Information icon4.svg|48px|left|alt=|link=]] {{Quote box|quote=<p>यदि यो तपाईँले सृजना गर्नुभएको पहिलो लेख हो भने, तपाईँ [[विकिपिडिया:स्वशिक्षा|लेखन सहयोग स्वशिक्षा]] पढ्न सक्नुहुन्छ।</p><p>लेख सृजना गर्न मद्दत गर्ने [[विकिपिडिया:लेख विजार्ड|लेख सहायिका]] पनि तपाईँ प्रयोग गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ।</p>|width=20%|align=right}} नमस्कार, विकिपिडियामा तपाईँलाई [[विकिपिडिया:स्वागत/नव आगन्तुक|स्वागत]] छ। यस [[:नेलाङ]]लाई विकिपिडिया देखि [[विकिपिडिया:पृष्ठ हटाउने नीति|चाँडैनै मेटिने]] भनेर एउटा चिनो राखिएको छ। यसले [[वि:शीमे#ले१|ले१]] मापदण्ड अन्तर्गत '''कुनै सन्दर्भ नभएको''' वा '''विषय पहिचान गर्न पर्याप्त सन्दर्भको कमी भएको''' जनाउदछ। [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमानिकता|कुनै सन्दर्भ नभएका]] सम्पूर्ण सामग्रीलाई [[विकिपिडिया:शीघ्र मेट्नुपर्ने आधार|शीघ्र मेट्नुपर्ने मापदण्ड]]को आधारमा कुनै पनि समयमा मेटिन सक्छ। यदि तपाईँलाई लाग्छ पृष्ठलाई यस कारणले मेटाउनु हुँदैन, तपाईँ '''नामाङ्कन विरोध गर्न''' [[:नेलाङ|पृष्ठमा गएर]] आफ्नो विचार राख्नुहोला। यसले तपाईँलाई पृष्ठ किन मेटाउनु हुँदैन वर्णन गर्ने अवसर दिनेछ। यद्यपि, याद रहोस्, एक पटक पृष्ठ शीघ्र मेटाउन अङ्कित भएमा, यो तत्काल मेटाइनेछ। कृपया पृष्ठबाट शीघ्र मेटाउने चिनो आफैंले नहटाउनुहोला, तर विकिपिडियाको [[विकिपिडिया:नीति तथा दिशानिर्देशहरूको सूची|नीति तथा दिशानिर्देशहरू]] अनुरूप जानकारी थप्न नहिचकिचाउनुहोला। यदि पृष्ठ मेटिसकिएको, र भविष्यका सन्दर्भ वा सुधारको लागि तपाईँ मेटाइएको सामग्री पुनःप्राप्त गर्न चाहनुहुन्छ भने, कृपया {{Querylink|Special:Log|qs=type=delete&page=%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%99|मेटाउने प्रशासकलाई सम्पर्क गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ}}, वा यदि तपाईँले पहिल्यै त्यसो गरिसक्नुभएमा, एउटा अनुरोध तपाईँ [[विकिपिडिया:मेटाइएको संशोधन|यहाँ राख्न सक्नुहुन्छ]]। <!-- Template:Db-nocontext-notice --> <!-- Template:Db-csd-notice-custom --> [[User:पर्वत सुवेदी|पर्वत सुवेदी]] ([[User talk:पर्वत सुवेदी|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) २२:०५, २८ मार्च २०२६ (नेपाली समय) ==[[:इन्टोसाइ]] [[विकिपिडिया:शीघ्र मेट्नुपर्ने आधार|शीघ्र मेट्नुपर्ने]]मा मनोनित== [[Image:Information icon4.svg|48px|left|alt=|link=]] {{Quote box|quote=<p>यदि यो तपाईँले सृजना गर्नुभएको पहिलो लेख हो भने, तपाईँ [[विकिपिडिया:स्वशिक्षा|लेखन सहयोग स्वशिक्षा]] पढ्न सक्नुहुन्छ।</p><p>लेख सृजना गर्न मद्दत गर्ने [[विकिपिडिया:लेख विजार्ड|लेख सहायिका]] पनि तपाईँ प्रयोग गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ।</p>|width=20%|align=right}} नमस्कार, विकिपिडियामा तपाईँलाई [[विकिपिडिया:स्वागत/नव आगन्तुक|स्वागत]] छ। यस [[:इन्टोसाइ]]लाई विकिपिडिया देखि [[विकिपिडिया:पृष्ठ हटाउने नीति|चाँडैनै मेटिने]] भनेर एउटा चिनो राखिएको छ। यसले [[वि:शीमे#ले१|ले१]] मापदण्ड अन्तर्गत '''कुनै सन्दर्भ नभएको''' वा '''विषय पहिचान गर्न पर्याप्त सन्दर्भको कमी भएको''' जनाउदछ। [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमानिकता|कुनै सन्दर्भ नभएका]] सम्पूर्ण सामग्रीलाई [[विकिपिडिया:शीघ्र मेट्नुपर्ने आधार|शीघ्र मेट्नुपर्ने मापदण्ड]]को आधारमा कुनै पनि समयमा मेटिन सक्छ। यदि तपाईँलाई लाग्छ पृष्ठलाई यस कारणले मेटाउनु हुँदैन, तपाईँ '''नामाङ्कन विरोध गर्न''' [[:इन्टोसाइ|पृष्ठमा गएर]] आफ्नो विचार राख्नुहोला। यसले तपाईँलाई पृष्ठ किन मेटाउनु हुँदैन वर्णन गर्ने अवसर दिनेछ। यद्यपि, याद रहोस्, एक पटक पृष्ठ शीघ्र मेटाउन अङ्कित भएमा, यो तत्काल मेटाइनेछ। कृपया पृष्ठबाट शीघ्र मेटाउने चिनो आफैंले नहटाउनुहोला, तर विकिपिडियाको [[विकिपिडिया:नीति तथा दिशानिर्देशहरूको सूची|नीति तथा दिशानिर्देशहरू]] अनुरूप जानकारी थप्न नहिचकिचाउनुहोला। यदि पृष्ठ मेटिसकिएको, र भविष्यका सन्दर्भ वा सुधारको लागि तपाईँ मेटाइएको सामग्री पुनःप्राप्त गर्न चाहनुहुन्छ भने, कृपया {{Querylink|Special:Log|qs=type=delete&page=%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87|मेटाउने प्रशासकलाई सम्पर्क गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ}}, वा यदि तपाईँले पहिल्यै त्यसो गरिसक्नुभएमा, एउटा अनुरोध तपाईँ [[विकिपिडिया:मेटाइएको संशोधन|यहाँ राख्न सक्नुहुन्छ]]। <!-- Template:Db-nocontext-notice --> <!-- Template:Db-csd-notice-custom --> [[User:पर्वत सुवेदी|पर्वत सुवेदी]] ([[User talk:पर्वत सुवेदी|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) २२:०६, २८ मार्च २०२६ (नेपाली समय) == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-14 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Pulse (nightclub)]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Orlando FL Pulse Nightclub01.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Pulse''' was a gay bar, dance club, and nightclub in Orlando, Florida, founded in 2004 by Barbara Poma and Ron Legler. On June 12, 2016, the club was the scene of the second-deadliest mass shooting by a single gunman in U.S. history, and the second-deadliest terrorist attack on U.S. soil since the September 11 attacks. Forty-nine people were killed and 58 other people were injured. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०८:२२, ३० मार्च २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30306870 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-15 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Tofana di Rozes]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Tofana di Rozes 04.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Tofana di Rozes''' (3,225 metres (10,581 ft)) is a mountain of the Dolomites in the Province of Belluno, Veneto, Italy. Located west of the resort of Cortina d'Ampezzo, the mountain's giant three-edged pyramid shape and its vertical south face, above the Falzarego Pass, makes it the most popular peak in the Tofane group, and one of the most popular in the Dolomites. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १८:१२, ६ अप्रिल २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30306870 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-16 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Very-low-calorie diet]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Green smoothie (8222465502).jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> A '''very-low-calorie diet''' (VLCD), also known as semistarvation diet and crash diet, is a type of diet with very or extremely low daily food energy consumption. VLCDs are defined as a diet of 800 kilocalories (3,300 kJ) per day or less. Modern medically supervised VLCDs use total meal replacements, with regulated formulations in Europe and Canada which contain the recommended daily requirements for vitamins, minerals, trace elements, fatty acids, protein and electrolyte balance. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०८:४१, १३ अप्रिल २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30306870 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-17 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Chromodoris willani]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Babosa de mar (Chromodoris willani), Anilao, Filipinas, 2023-08-24, DD 34.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''''Chromodoris willani''''', commonly known as Willan's chromodoris, is a species of sea slug, a dorid nudibranch, a shell-less marine gastropod mollusk in the family Chromodorididae. The species is named for the renowned nudibranch taxonomist Dr. Richard C. Willan. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०८:१९, २० अप्रिल २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30430366 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-18 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Platypus venom]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Platypus spur.JPG|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The platypus is one of the few living mammals to produce venom. The venom is made in venom glands that are connected to hollow spurs on their hind legs; it is primarily made during the mating season.[1] While the venom's effects are described as extremely painful, it is not lethal to humans. Many archaic mammal groups possess similar tarsal spurs, so it is thought that, rather than having developed this characteristic uniquely, the platypus simply inherited this characteristic from its ancestors. Rather than being a unique outlier, the platypus is the last demonstration of what was once a common mammalian characteristic, and it can be used as a model for non-therian mammals and their venom delivery and properties. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:४९, २७ अप्रिल २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30449041 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-19 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Kuwait National Assembly Building]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Kuwait City Arabian Gulf Street 10.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Kuwait National Assembly Building''' is the building that housed the National Assembly of Kuwait. Designed by Danish architect Jørn Utzon in 1972, it was completed in 1982 under the direction of his son Jan. The structural design was by Max Walt. The building was seriously damaged in February 1991 when retreating Iraqi troops set it on fire but has since been restored. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १८:०१, ४ मे २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30464799 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-20 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Macau National Security Law]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Lei relative à defesa da segurança do Estado projecto.JPG|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Macau National Security Law''' is a law in Macau which prohibits and punishes acts of treason, secession, and subversion against the Central government, as well as preparative acts leading to any of the three acts. Taken into effect on 3 March 2009, the purpose of the law is to fulfil Article 23 of the Macau Basic Law, the de facto constitution of the Macau Special Administration Region. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०८:३८, ११ मे २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30513945 --> ahg7uddea0tqx47efpmv4uijbn41mo2 0 98517 1354836 1337788 2026-05-10T18:48:47Z Bishaldev100 28807 1354836 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person |name=<span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="39">चार्ल्स मंगर <br /></span> |image=Charlie Munger.jpg |caption=बर्कशायर हथवेको शेयरधनी बैठकमा मङ्गर |birth name=चार्ल्स थमस मङ्गर |birth date={{Birth date and age|1924|1|1|mf=y}} |birth place ओहामा नेब्रास्का [[अमेरिका]] |alma mater=[[हावार्ड विश्वविद्यालय ]] |occupation=बर्कशायर हथवेको उपाध्यक्ष |known_for=[[वारेन बफेट]]को साथ वर्कसायर हाथवेको नेतृत्व |salary=[[अमेरिकी डलर|US$]] १ लाख |networth=[[अमेरिकी डलर|US$]] १.९ अरब (१५ डिसेम्बर २०२०)<ref name="Forbes profile">{{Cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/charles-munger/ |title=Forbes profile: Charles Munger |newspaper=Forbes |language=en|access-date=15 December 2020}}</ref> | spouse = | children = | signature = [[File:Charlie Munger Signature transparent.png|245px]] | module = {{Infobox military person|embed=yes | allegiance = {{flag|United States}} | branch = {{army|United States}}<br />{{*}}[[United States Army Corps]] | rank = [[File:U.S. Army O-1 shoulderboard (1954–2015), rotated.svg|23px]] सेकेन्ड लेफ्टिनेन्ट | battles = [[दोश्रो विश्वयुद्ध]] | serviceyears = १९४३-१९४६ | unit = | mawards = }} }} '''चार्ल्स थमस मङ्गर''' (जन्म: जनवरी १, १९२४) एक अमेरिकी [[लगानीकर्ता]], व्यापारी, परोपकारी र दार्शनिक हुन्। उनी बर्कशायर हथवेको उपाध्यक्ष हुन् । यो [[वारेन बफेट|वारेन बफेट]]द्वारा नियन्त्रित सङ्गठन हो; बफेटले मङ्गरलाई आफ्नो साथीको रूपमा वर्णन गरेका छन्।। मङ्गर वेस्को वित्तीय निगमको अध्यक्षको रूपमा १९८४ देखि २०११ सम्म काम गरे। चाल्र्स थोमस मङ्गरलाई [[वारेन बफेट]]का दायाँ हातको रूपमा पनि चिनिन्छ । वारेन बफेटको बर्कसायर हाथवेका उपाध्यक्ष रहेका मङ्गरलाई बफेटले आफ्नो पार्टनर बताउँछन् । चार्ली मङ्गरको जन्म १९२४ जनवरी १ मा ओहामा [[नेब्रास्का]]मा भएको थियो । युवा अवस्थामा उनले वारेन बफेटका हजुरबुवाको खाद्यान्य पसलमा काम गरेका थिए ।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.valuewalk.com/charlie-munger-page|title=Charlie Munger: Background & bio|publisher=Value Walk|access-date=March 8, 2016}}{{Dead link|date=January 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> उनका पिता, अल्फ्रेड मङ्गर, वकिल थिए।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/2014/06/11/us/charlie-munger-fast-facts/index.html|title=Charlie Munger Fast Facts|last=Library|first=C. N. N.|website=CNN|access-date=2019-02-01}}</ref> उनका हजुरबुबाको नाम थोमस चार्ल्स मङ्गर थियो।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ned.uscourts.gov/public/judicial-archive/munger-t-c|title=United States District Court, Judicial Archive, Thomas Charles Munger}}</ref> उनी युनिभर्सिटी अफ मिसिगनमा भर्ना भए जहाँ उनले गणित अध्ययन गरे। == सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू == [[श्रेणी:अरबपतिहरू]] [[श्रेणी:सन् १९२४ मा जन्म]] 7pk1838wlsausr41li7p1qoiyiveuv6 0 100538 1354864 1354747 2026-05-11T11:25:49Z InternetArchiveBot 53012 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1354864 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football match | title = २००२ युइएफए च्याम्पियन्स लिग | image = | image_size = 200 | caption = Match programme cover | event = [[२००१–०२ युइएफए च्याम्पियन्स लिग]] | team1 = [[बायर ०४ लिभरकुसेन]] | team1association = {{flagicon|GER|size=30px}} | team1score = १ | team2 = [[रियल म्याड्रिड]] | team2association = {{flagicon|ESP|size=30px}} | team2score = २ | date = १५ मे २००२ | stadium = हाम्प्डेन पार्क | city = ग्लाज्गो<ref name="hampdenpark">{{cite news |first=सिन |last=स्मिथ|title=ग्लास्गो |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/champions_league/1984838.stm |work=बिबिसी स्पोर्ट्स |publisher=बिबिसी |date=13 May 2002 |accessdate=31 December 2010 }}</ref> | man_of_the_match1a = [[जिनेदीन जिदेन]] (रियल म्याड्रिड)<ref name="attendance"/> | referee = युर्स मियर ([[स्विट्जरल्यान्ड]])<ref name="ursmeier">{{cite journal |first=म्याथ्युज |last=लिन्ड्से |title=Meier the man for job |journal=इभिनिङ टाइम्स |date=13 May 2002 |volume= |issue= |pages=52 |publisher=ProQuest Archiver |url=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/smgpubs/access/119493609.html?dids=119493609:119493609&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=May+13,+2002&author=Matthew;+Lindsay&pub=Evening+Times&desc=Meier+the+man+for+job&pqatl=google |accessdate=31 December 2010 }}{{subscription required}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121104221231/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/smgpubs/access/119493609.html?dids=119493609:119493609&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=May+13,+2002&author=Matthew;+Lindsay&pub=Evening+Times&desc=Meier+the+man+for+job&pqatl=google |date=4 November 2012 }}</ref> | attendance = ५०,४९९<ref name="attendance">{{cite book |year=2017 |chapter=2. Finals |chapter-url=https://www.uefa.com/MultimediaFiles/Download/EuroExperience/competitions/Publications/02/28/56/89/2285689_DOWNLOAD.pdf |chapter-format=पिडिएफ |title=युइएफए च्याम्पियन्स लिगको तथ्याङ्क |location= नियोन , स्विजरल्यान्ड|publisher=युरोपेली फुटबल महासङ्घ |page=1 |access-date=22 April 2017}}</ref> | weather = हल्का बादल, <br />{{convert|15|°C|°F}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wunderground.com/history/airport/EGPF/2002/5/15/DailyHistory.html?req_city=NA&req_state=NA&req_statename=NA|title=मैसमको इतिहास|website=www.wunderground.com}}</ref> | previous = [[२००१ युइएफए च्याम्पियन्स लिग फाइनल|२००१]] | next = [[२००३ युइएफए च्याम्पियन्स लिग फाइनल|२००३]] }} '''२००२ युइएफए च्याम्पियन्स लिग फाइनल''' २००१-२००२ च्याम्पियन्स लिग सिजनको अन्तिम खेल थियो । यो खेला स्विट्जरल्यान्डको ग्लाज्गो सहरमा अवस्थित हम्प्डेन पार्कमा भएको थियो । यो फाइनल खेलमा जर्मनीको बायर ०४ लिभरकुसेन र स्पेनी क्लब रियल म्याड्रिड बिच भएको थियो । यो खेल १५ जुन २००२ मा भएको थियो जसमा रियल म्याड्रिड लिभरकुसेनलाई २ को बिरुद्ध १ गोल अन्तरले हराएको थियो । ==खेलको तथ्याङ्क== {{col-begin}} {{col-3}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" |+पहिलो हाप<ref name="half time report">{{cite web |url=http://www.uefa.com/newsfiles/ucl/2001/1025482_hr.pdf |title= पहिलो आधा समयको तथ्याङ्क |website=युइएफए डट कम |publisher=युरोपेली फुटबल महासङ्घ |format=पिडिएफ |date=15 May 2002 |access-date=31 December 2010}}</ref> |-पहिलो !width=100 |तथ्याङ्क !width=70 | बायर लिभरकुसेन !width=70 | रियल म्याड्रिड |- |गरेका गोलहरू || १ || २ |- |जम्मा सट || ५ || ६ |- |लक्षमा लागेको सटहरू || ३ || ३ |- |बलमा नियन्त्रण || ४२% || ५८% |- |कर्नक किक || ३ || १ |- |फल || ८ ||१९ |- |अफसाइड || ३ || २ |- |पहेंलो कार्ड || ० || १ |- |रातो कार्ड || ० || ० |} {{col-3}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" |+दोश्रो हाप<ref name="full time report">{{cite web |url=http://www.uefa.com/newsfiles/ucl/2001/1025482_fr.pdf |title=फुट टाइम रिपोर्ट |website=युइएफए डट कम |publisher=युरोपेली फुटबल महासङ्घ |format=पिडिएफ |date=15 May 2002 |access-date=1 September 2010}}</ref> |- दोस्रो हाप !width=100 |तथ्याङ्क !width=70 | बायर लिभरकुसेन !width=70 | रियल म्याड्रिड |- |गरेका गोल || ० || ० |- |जम्मा सट || ८ || ६ |- |लक्षमा लागेका सटहरू || ३ || ४ |- |बलमा नियन्त्रण || ५४% || ४६% |- |कर्नर किक || ३ || ४ |- |फल || ९ || २५ |- |अफसाइड || ० || ० |- |पहेंलो कार्ड || ० || १ |- |रातो कार्ड || ० || ० |} {{col-3}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" |- |+सबै !width=100 |तथ्याङ्क !width=70 | बायर ०४ लिभरमुसेन !width=70 | रियल म्याड्रिड |- |गरेको गोल ||१ || २ |- |जम्मा सट || १३ || १२ |- |लक्षमा लागेका सटहरू || ६ || ९ |- |Ball possession || ४८% || ५२% |- |कर्नर किक || ६ || ५ |- |फल || १७ || ४४ |- |अफसाइड || ३ || ३ |- |पहेंलो कार्ड || ० || २ |- |रातो कार्ड || ० || ० |} {{col-end}} ==सन्दर्भ सामग्री== {{reflist}} ==बाह्य कडीहरू== *[https://web.archive.org/web/20020606170756/http://www.uefa.com/competitions/UCL/INDEX.html २००१–०२ युइएफए च्याम्पियन्स लिग ] युइएफएमा [[श्रेणी:विकिथन-७ मा बनाइएका वा सुधारिएका लेखहरू]] 2wkvl5i48bicvm7hzgwisj2di80xasf 828 100549 1354834 1339721 2026-05-10T15:46:17Z Sophivorus 49867 Update from [[d:Special:GoToLinkedPage/enwiki/Q52428273|master]] using [[mw:Synchronizer| #Synchronizer]] 1354834 Scribunto text/plain -- Module:Excerpt implements the Excerpt template -- Documentation and master version: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Module:Excerpt -- Authors: User:Sophivorus, User:Certes, User:Aidan9382 & others -- License: CC-BY-SA-3.0 local parser = require( 'Module:WikitextParser' ) local yesno = require( 'Module:Yesno' ) local ok, config = pcall( require, 'Module:Excerpt/config' ) if not ok then config = {} end local Excerpt = {} -- Main entry point for templates function Excerpt.main( frame ) -- Make sure the requested page exists and get the wikitext local page = Excerpt.getArg( 1 ) if not page or page == '{{{1}}}' then return Excerpt.getError( 'no-page' ) end local title = mw.title.new( page ) if not title then return Excerpt.getError( 'invalid-title', page ) end local fragment = title.fragment -- save for later if title.isRedirect then title = title.redirectTarget if fragment == "" then fragment = title.fragment -- page merge potential end end if not title.exists then return Excerpt.getError( 'page-not-found', page ) end page = title.prefixedText local wikitext = title:getContent() -- Get the template params and process them local params = { hat = yesno( Excerpt.getArg( 'hat', true ) ), this = Excerpt.getArg( 'this' ), only = Excerpt.getArg( 'only' ), files = Excerpt.getArg( 'files', Excerpt.getArg( 'file' ) ), lists = Excerpt.getArg( 'lists', Excerpt.getArg( 'list' ) ), tables = Excerpt.getArg( 'tables', Excerpt.getArg( 'table' ) ), templates = Excerpt.getArg( 'templates', Excerpt.getArg( 'template' ) ), paragraphs = Excerpt.getArg( 'paragraphs', Excerpt.getArg( 'paragraph' ) ), references = yesno( Excerpt.getArg( 'references', true ) ), subsections = yesno( Excerpt.getArg( 'subsections', false ) ), links = yesno( Excerpt.getArg( 'links', true ) ), bold = yesno( Excerpt.getArg( 'bold', false ) ), briefDates = yesno( Excerpt.getArg( 'briefdates', false ) ), inline = yesno( Excerpt.getArg( 'inline' ) ), quote = yesno( Excerpt.getArg( 'quote' ) ), more = yesno( Excerpt.getArg( 'more' ) ), class = Excerpt.getArg( 'class' ), track = yesno( Excerpt.getArg( 'track', true ) ), displayTitle = Excerpt.getArg( 'displaytitle', page ), } -- Make sure the requested section exists and get the excerpt local excerpt local section = Excerpt.getArg( 2, fragment ) section = mw.text.trim( section ) if section == '' then section = nil end if section then excerpt = parser.getSectionTag( wikitext, section ) if not excerpt then if params.subsections then excerpt = parser.getSection( wikitext, section ) else local sections = parser.getSections( wikitext ) excerpt = sections[ section ] end end if not excerpt then return Excerpt.getError( 'section-not-found', section ) end if excerpt == '' then return Excerpt.getError( 'section-empty', section ) end else excerpt = parser.getLead( wikitext ) if excerpt == '' then return Excerpt.getError( 'lead-empty' ) end end -- Remove noinclude bits excerpt = excerpt:gsub( '<[Nn][Oo][Ii][Nn][Cc][Ll][Uu][Dd][Ee]>.-</[Nn][Oo][Ii][Nn][Cc][Ll][Uu][Dd][Ee]>', '' ) -- Filter various elements from the excerpt excerpt = Excerpt.filterFiles( excerpt, params.files ) excerpt = Excerpt.filterLists( excerpt, params.lists ) excerpt = Excerpt.filterTables( excerpt, params.tables ) excerpt = Excerpt.filterParagraphs( excerpt, params.paragraphs ) -- If no file is found, try to get one from the infobox if ( params.only == 'file' or params.only == 'files' or params.only == 'filename' or not params.only and ( not params.files or params.files ~= '0' ) ) -- caller asked for files and not section -- and we're in the lead section and config.captions -- and we have the config option required to try finding files in infoboxes and #parser.getFiles( excerpt ) == 0 -- and there're no files in the excerpt then excerpt = Excerpt.addInfoboxFile( excerpt ) end -- Filter the templates by appending the templates blacklist to the templates filter if config.blacklist then local blacklist = table.concat( config.blacklist, ',' ) if params.templates then if string.sub( params.templates, 1, 1 ) == '-' then params.templates = params.templates .. ',' .. blacklist end else params.templates = '-' .. blacklist end end excerpt = Excerpt.filterTemplates( excerpt, params.templates ) -- Leave only the requested elements if params.only == 'file' or params.only == 'files' then local files = parser.getFiles( excerpt ) excerpt = params.only == 'file' and files[1] or table.concat( files, '\n\n' ) end if params.only == 'list' or params.only == 'lists' then local lists = parser.getLists( excerpt ) excerpt = params.only == 'list' and lists[1] or table.concat( lists, '\n\n' ) end if params.only == 'table' or params.only == 'tables' then local tables = parser.getTables( excerpt ) excerpt = params.only == 'table' and tables[1] or table.concat( tables, '\n\n' ) end if params.only == 'paragraph' or params.only == 'paragraphs' then local paragraphs = parser.getParagraphs( excerpt ) excerpt = params.only == 'paragraph' and paragraphs[1] or table.concat( paragraphs, '\n\n' ) end if params.only == 'template' or params.only == 'templates' then local templates = parser.getTemplates( excerpt ) excerpt = params.only == 'template' and templates[1] or table.concat( templates, '\n\n' ) end if params.only == 'filename' then local files = parser.getFiles( excerpt ) local file = files[1] excerpt = file and parser.getFileName( file ) or 'Noimage.png' params.inline = true end -- @todo Make more robust and move downwards if params.briefDates then excerpt = Excerpt.fixDates( excerpt ) end -- Remove unwanted elements excerpt = Excerpt.removeComments( excerpt ) excerpt = Excerpt.removeSelfLinks( excerpt ) excerpt = Excerpt.removeNonFreeFiles( excerpt ) excerpt = Excerpt.removeBehaviorSwitches( excerpt ) -- Fix or remove the references if params.references then excerpt = Excerpt.fixReferences( excerpt, page, wikitext ) else excerpt = Excerpt.removeReferences( excerpt ) end -- Remove wikilinks if not params.links then excerpt = Excerpt.removeLinks( excerpt ) end -- Link the bold text near the start of most leads and then remove it if not section then excerpt = Excerpt.linkBold( excerpt, page ) end if not params.bold then excerpt = Excerpt.removeBold( excerpt ) end -- Remove extra line breaks but leave one before and after so the parser interprets lists, tables, etc. correctly excerpt = excerpt:gsub( '\n\n\n+', '\n\n' ) excerpt = mw.text.trim( excerpt ) excerpt = '\n' .. excerpt .. '\n' -- Remove nested categories excerpt = frame:preprocess( excerpt ) excerpt = Excerpt.removeCategories( excerpt ) -- Add tracking categories if params.track and config.categories then excerpt = Excerpt.addTrackingCategories( excerpt ) end -- Build the final output if params.inline then return mw.text.trim( excerpt ) end local tag = params.quote and 'blockquote' or 'div' local block = mw.html.create( tag ):addClass( 'excerpt-block' ):addClass( params.class ) if config.styles then local styles = frame:extensionTag( 'templatestyles', '', { src = config.styles } ) block:node( styles ) end if params.hat then local hat = Excerpt.getHat( page, section, params ) block:node( hat ) end excerpt = mw.html.create( 'div' ):addClass( 'excerpt' ):wikitext( excerpt ) block:node( excerpt ) if params.more then local more = Excerpt.getReadMore( page, section ) block:node( more ) end return block end -- Filter the files in the given wikitext against the given filter function Excerpt.filterFiles( wikitext, filter ) if not filter then return wikitext end local filters, isBlacklist = Excerpt.parseFilter( filter ) local files = parser.getFiles( wikitext ) for index, file in pairs( files ) do local name = parser.getFileName( file ) if isBlacklist and ( Excerpt.matchFilter( index, filters ) or Excerpt.matchFilter( name, filters ) ) or not isBlacklist and ( not Excerpt.matchFilter( index, filters ) and not Excerpt.matchFilter( name, filters ) ) then wikitext = Excerpt.removeString( wikitext, file ) end end return wikitext end -- Filter the lists in the given wikitext against the given filter function Excerpt.filterLists( wikitext, filter ) if not filter then return wikitext end local filters, isBlacklist = Excerpt.parseFilter( filter ) local lists = parser.getLists( wikitext ) for index, list in pairs( lists ) do if isBlacklist and Excerpt.matchFilter( index, filters ) or not isBlacklist and not Excerpt.matchFilter( index, filters ) then wikitext = Excerpt.removeString( wikitext, list ) end end return wikitext end -- Filter the tables in the given wikitext against the given filter function Excerpt.filterTables( wikitext, filter ) if not filter then return wikitext end local filters, isBlacklist = Excerpt.parseFilter( filter ) local tables = parser.getTables( wikitext ) for index, tableWikitext in pairs( tables ) do local id = parser.getTableAttribute( tableWikitext, 'id' ) if isBlacklist and ( Excerpt.matchFilter( index, filters ) or Excerpt.matchFilter( id, filters ) ) or not isBlacklist and ( not Excerpt.matchFilter( index, filters ) and not Excerpt.matchFilter( id, filters ) ) then wikitext = Excerpt.removeString( wikitext, tableWikitext ) end end return wikitext end -- Filter the paragraphs in the given wikitext against the given filter function Excerpt.filterParagraphs( wikitext, filter ) if not filter then return wikitext end local filters, isBlacklist = Excerpt.parseFilter( filter ) local paragraphs = parser.getParagraphs( wikitext ) for index, paragraph in pairs( paragraphs ) do if isBlacklist and Excerpt.matchFilter( index, filters ) or not isBlacklist and not Excerpt.matchFilter( index, filters ) then wikitext = Excerpt.removeString( wikitext, paragraph ) end end return wikitext end -- Filter the templates in the given wikitext against the given filter function Excerpt.filterTemplates( wikitext, filter ) if not filter then return wikitext end local filters, isBlacklist = Excerpt.parseFilter( filter ) local templates = parser.getTemplates( wikitext ) for index, template in pairs( templates ) do local name = parser.getTemplateName( template ) if isBlacklist and ( Excerpt.matchFilter( index, filters ) or Excerpt.matchFilter( name, filters ) ) or not isBlacklist and ( not Excerpt.matchFilter( index, filters ) and not Excerpt.matchFilter( name, filters ) ) then wikitext = Excerpt.removeString( wikitext, template ) end end return wikitext end function Excerpt.addInfoboxFile( excerpt ) -- We cannot distinguish the infobox from the other templates, so we search them all local templates = parser.getTemplates( excerpt ) for _, template in pairs( templates ) do local parameters = parser.getTemplateParameters( template ) local file, captions, caption, cssClasses, cssClass for _, pair in pairs( config.captions ) do file = pair[1] file = parameters[file] if file and Excerpt.matchAny( file, '^.*%.', { '[Jj][Pp][Ee]?[Gg]', '[Pp][Nn][Gg]', '[Gg][Ii][Ff]', '[Ss][Vv][Gg]' }, '.*' ) then file = string.match( file, '%[?%[?.-:([^{|]+)%]?%]?' ) or file -- [[File:Example.jpg{{!}}upright=1.5]] to Example.jpg captions = pair[2] for _, p in pairs( captions ) do if parameters[ p ] then caption = parameters[ p ] break end end -- Check for CSS classes -- We opt to use skin-invert-image instead of skin-invert -- in all other cases, the CSS provided in the infobox is used if pair[3] then cssClasses = pair[3] for _, p in pairs( cssClasses ) do if parameters[ p ] then cssClass = ( parameters[ p ] == 'skin-invert' ) and 'skin-invert-image' or parameters[ p ] break end end end local class = cssClass and ( '|class=' .. cssClass ) or '' return '[[File:' .. file .. class .. '|thumb|' .. ( caption or '' ) .. ']]\n' .. excerpt end end end return excerpt end function Excerpt.removeNonFreeFiles( wikitext ) local files = parser.getFiles( wikitext ) for _, file in pairs( files ) do local fileName = 'File:' .. parser.getFileName( file ) local fileTitle = mw.title.new( fileName ) if fileTitle then local fileDescription = fileTitle:getContent() if not fileDescription or fileDescription == '' then local frame = mw.getCurrentFrame() fileDescription = frame:preprocess( '{{' .. fileName .. '}}' ) -- try Commons end if fileDescription and string.match( fileDescription, '[Nn]on%-free' ) then wikitext = Excerpt.removeString( wikitext, file ) end end end return wikitext end function Excerpt.getHat( page, section, params ) local hat -- Build the text if params.this then hat = params.this elseif params.quote then hat = Excerpt.getMessage( 'this' ) elseif params.only then hat = Excerpt.getMessage( params.only ) else hat = Excerpt.getMessage( 'section' ) end hat = hat .. ' ' .. Excerpt.getMessage( 'excerpt' ) -- Build the link if section then hat = hat .. ' [[:' .. page .. '#' .. mw.uri.anchorEncode( section ) .. '|' .. params.displayTitle .. ' § ' .. section:gsub( '%[%[([^]|]+)|?[^]]*%]%]', '%1' ) .. ']].' -- remove nested links else hat = hat .. ' [[:' .. page .. '|' .. params.displayTitle .. ']].' end -- Build the edit link local title = mw.title.new( page ) local editUrl = title:fullUrl( 'action=edit' ) hat = hat .. '<span class="mw-editsection-like plainlinks"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span>[' hat = hat .. editUrl .. ' ' .. mw.message.new( 'editsection' ):plain() hat = hat .. ']<span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span>' if config.hat then local frame = mw.getCurrentFrame() hat = config.hat .. hat .. '}}' hat = frame:preprocess( hat ) else hat = mw.html.create( 'div' ):addClass( 'dablink excerpt-hat' ):wikitext( hat ) end return hat end function Excerpt.getReadMore( page, section ) local link = "'''[[" .. page if section then link = link .. '#' .. section end local text = Excerpt.getMessage( 'more' ) link = link .. '|' .. text .. "]]'''" link = mw.html.create( 'div' ):addClass( 'noprint excerpt-more' ):wikitext( link ) return link end -- Fix birth and death dates, but only in the first paragraph -- @todo Use parser.getParagraphs() to get the first paragraph function Excerpt.fixDates( excerpt ) local start local s local e = 0 repeat start = e + 1 s, e = mw.ustring.find( excerpt, '%s*%b{}%s*', start ) until not s or s > start s, e = mw.ustring.find( excerpt, '%b()', start ) -- get (...), which may be (year–year) if s and s < start + 100 then -- look only near the start local excerptStart = mw.ustring.sub( excerpt, s, e ) local year1, conjunction, year2 = string.match( excerptStart, '(%d%d%d+)(.-)(%d%d%d+)' ) if year1 and year2 and ( string.match( conjunction, '[%-–—]' ) or string.match( conjunction, '{{%s*[sS]nd%s*}}' ) ) then local y1 = tonumber( year1 ) local y2 = tonumber( year2 ) if y2 > y1 and y2 < y1 + 125 and y1 <= tonumber( os.date( '%Y' ) ) then excerpt = mw.ustring.sub( excerpt, 1, s ) .. year1 .. '–' .. year2 .. mw.ustring.sub( excerpt, e ) end end end return excerpt end -- Replace the first call to each reference defined outside of the excerpt for the full reference, to prevent undefined references -- Then prefix the page title to the reference names to prevent conflicts -- that is, replace <ref name="Foo"> for <ref name="Title of the article Foo"> -- and also <ref name="Foo" /> for <ref name="Title of the article Foo" /> -- also remove reference groups: <ref name="Foo" group="Bar"> for <ref name="Title of the article Foo"> -- and <ref group="Bar"> for <ref> -- @todo The current regex may fail in cases with both kinds of quotes, like <ref name="Darwin's book"> function Excerpt.fixReferences( excerpt, page, wikitext ) local references = parser.getReferences( excerpt ) local fixed = {} for _, reference in pairs( references ) do local name = parser.getTagAttribute( reference, 'name' ) if not fixed[ name ] then -- fix each reference only once local content = parser.getTagContent( reference ) if not content then -- reference is self-closing local full = parser.getReference( excerpt, name ) if not full then -- the reference is not defined in the excerpt full = parser.getReference( wikitext, name ) if full then excerpt = excerpt:gsub( Excerpt.escapeString( reference ), Excerpt.escapeString( full ), 1 ) end table.insert( fixed, name ) end end end end -- Prepend the page title to the reference names to prevent conflicts with other references in the transcluding page excerpt = excerpt:gsub( '< *[Rr][Ee][Ff][^>]*name *= *["\']?([^"\'>/]+)["\']?[^>/]*(/?) *>', '<ref name="' .. page:gsub( '"', '' ) .. ' %1"%2>' ) -- Remove reference groups because they don't apply to the transcluding page excerpt = excerpt:gsub( '< *[Rr][Ee][Ff] *group *= *["\']?[^"\'>/]+["\'] *>', '<ref>' ) return excerpt end function Excerpt.removeReferences( excerpt ) local references = parser.getReferences( excerpt ) for _, reference in pairs( references ) do excerpt = Excerpt.removeString( excerpt, reference ) end return excerpt end function Excerpt.removeCategories( excerpt ) local categories = parser.getCategories( excerpt ) for _, category in pairs( categories ) do excerpt = Excerpt.removeString( excerpt, category ) end return excerpt end function Excerpt.removeBehaviorSwitches( excerpt ) return excerpt:gsub( '__[A-Z]+__', '' ) end function Excerpt.removeComments( excerpt ) return excerpt:gsub( '<!%-%-.-%-%->', '' ) end function Excerpt.removeBold( excerpt ) return excerpt:gsub( "'''", '' ) end function Excerpt.removeLinks( excerpt ) local links = parser.getLinks( excerpt ) for _, link in pairs( links ) do excerpt = Excerpt.removeString( excerpt, link ) end return excerpt end -- @todo Use parser.getLinks function Excerpt.removeSelfLinks( excerpt ) local lang = mw.language.getContentLanguage() local page = Excerpt.escapeString( mw.title.getCurrentTitle().prefixedText ) local ucpage = lang:ucfirst( page ) local lcpage = lang:lcfirst( page ) excerpt = excerpt :gsub( '%[%[(' .. ucpage .. ')%]%]', '%1' ) :gsub( '%[%[(' .. lcpage .. ')%]%]', '%1' ) :gsub( '%[%[' .. ucpage .. '|([^]]+)%]%]', '%1' ) :gsub( '%[%[' .. lcpage .. '|([^]]+)%]%]', '%1' ) return excerpt end -- Replace the bold title or synonym near the start of the page by a link to the page function Excerpt.linkBold( excerpt, page ) local lang = mw.language.getContentLanguage() local position = mw.ustring.find( excerpt, "'''" .. lang:ucfirst( page ) .. "'''", 1, true ) -- look for "'''Foo''' is..." (uc) or "A '''foo''' is..." (lc) or mw.ustring.find( excerpt, "'''" .. lang:lcfirst( page ) .. "'''", 1, true ) -- plain search: special characters in page represent themselves if position then local length = mw.ustring.len( page ) excerpt = mw.ustring.sub( excerpt, 1, position + 2 ) .. '[[' .. mw.ustring.sub( excerpt, position + 3, position + length + 2 ) .. ']]' .. mw.ustring.sub( excerpt, position + length + 3, -1 ) -- link it else -- look for anything unlinked in bold, assumed to be a synonym of the title (e.g. a person's birth name) excerpt = mw.ustring.gsub( excerpt, "'''(.-'*)'''", function ( text ) if not string.find( text, '%[' ) and not string.find( text, '%{' ) then -- if not wikilinked or some weird template return "'''[[" .. page .. '|' .. text .. "]]'''" -- replace '''Foo''' by '''[[page|Foo]]''' else return nil -- instruct gsub to make no change end end, 1 ) -- terminates the anonymous replacement function passed to gsub end return excerpt end function Excerpt.addTrackingCategories( excerpt ) local currentTitle = mw.title.getCurrentTitle() local addedCategories = false local contentCategory = config.categories.content if contentCategory and currentTitle.isContentPage then addedCategories = true excerpt = excerpt .. '[[Category:' .. contentCategory .. ']]' end local namespaceCategory = config.categories[ currentTitle.namespace ] if namespaceCategory then addedCategories = true excerpt = excerpt .. '[[Category:' .. namespaceCategory .. ']]' end if addedCategories then excerpt = excerpt .. '\n' end return excerpt end -- Helper method to match from a list of regular expressions -- Like so: match pre..list[1]..post or pre..list[2]..post or ... function Excerpt.matchAny( text, pre, list, post, init ) for i = 1, #list do local match = { mw.ustring.match( text, pre .. list[ i ] .. post, init ) } if match[1] then return unpack( match ) end end return nil end -- Helper function to get arguments -- args from Lua calls have priority over parent args from template function Excerpt.getArg( key, default ) local frame = mw.getCurrentFrame() for k, value in pairs( frame:getParent().args ) do if k == key and mw.text.trim( value ) ~= '' then return value end end for k, value in pairs( frame.args ) do if k == key and mw.text.trim( value ) ~= '' then return value end end return default end -- Helper method to get an error message -- This method also categorizes the current page in one of the configured error categories function Excerpt.getError( key, value ) local message = Excerpt.getMessage( 'error-' .. key, value ) local markup = mw.html.create( 'div' ):addClass( 'error' ):wikitext( message ) if config.categories and config.categories.errors and mw.title.getCurrentTitle().isContentPage then markup:node( '[[Category:' .. config.categories.errors .. ']]' ) end return markup end -- Helper method to get a localized message -- This method uses Module:TNT to get localized messages from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Data:I18n/Module:Excerpt.tab -- If Module:TNT is not available or the localized message does not exist, the key is returned instead function Excerpt.getMessage( key, value ) local ok2, TNT = pcall( require, 'Module:TNT' ) if not ok2 then return key end local ok3, message = pcall( TNT.format, 'I18n/Module:Excerpt.tab', key, value ) if not ok3 then return key end return message end -- Helper method to escape a string for use in regexes function Excerpt.escapeString( str ) return str:gsub( '[%^%$%(%)%.%[%]%*%+%-%?%%]', '%%%0' ) end -- Helper method to remove a string from a text -- @param text Text from where to remove the string -- @param str String to remove -- @return The given text with the string removed function Excerpt.removeString( text, str ) local pattern = Excerpt.escapeString( str ) if #pattern > 9999 then -- strings longer than 10000 bytes can't be put into regexes pattern = Excerpt.escapeString( mw.ustring.sub( str, 1, 999 ) ) .. '.-' .. Excerpt.escapeString( mw.ustring.sub( str, -999 ) ) end return text:gsub( pattern, '' ) end -- Helper method to convert a comma-separated list of numbers or min-max ranges into a list of booleans -- @param filter Required. Comma-separated list of numbers or min-max ranges, for example '1,3-5' -- @return Map from integers to booleans, for example {1=true,2=false,3=true,4=true,5=true} -- @return Boolean indicating whether the filters should be treated as a blacklist or not -- @note Merging this into matchFilter is possible, but way too inefficient function Excerpt.parseFilter( filter ) local filters = {} local isBlacklist = false if string.sub( filter, 1, 1 ) == '-' then isBlacklist = true filter = string.sub( filter, 2 ) end local values = mw.text.split( filter, ',' ) -- split values: '1,3-5' to {'1','3-5'} for _, value in pairs( values ) do value = mw.text.trim( value ) local min, max = mw.ustring.match( value, '^(%d+)%s*[-–—]%s*(%d+)$' ) -- '3-5' to min=3 max=5 if not max then min, max = string.match( value, '^((%d+))$' ) end -- '1' to min=1 max=1 if max then for i = min, max do filters[ i ] = true end else filters[ value ] = true -- if we reach this point, the string had the form 'a,b,c' rather than '1,2,3' end end filter = { cache = {}, terms = filters } return filter, isBlacklist end -- Helper function to see if a value matches any of the given filters function Excerpt.matchFilter( value, filter ) if value == nil then return false elseif type(value) == "number" then return filter.terms[value] else local cached = filter.cache[value] if cached ~= nil then return cached end local lang = mw.language.getContentLanguage() local lcvalue = lang:lcfirst(value) local ucvalue = lang:ucfirst(value) for term in pairs( filter.terms ) do if value == tostring(term) or type(term) == "string" and ( lcvalue == term or ucvalue == term or mw.ustring.match( value, term ) ) then filter.cache[value] = true return true end end filter.cache[value] = false end end return Excerpt f13qcb3mtjeccbzr0i5jmt33ddc570f 0 103202 1354854 1236408 2026-05-11T04:30:35Z Bishaldev100 28807 1354854 wikitext text/x-wiki [[चित्र:New_York_Stock_Exchange_Facade_2015.jpg|अङ्गुठाकार|[[न्युयोर्क स्टक एक्सचेन्ज]]]]एक पटक निष्कासन भइसकेका प्रतिभूतिहरूको मात्र खरिद बिक्री हुने बजारलाई '''दोश्रो बजार''' ({{lang-en|Secondary Market}}) भनिन्छ। दोस्रो बजारमा, धितोपत्रहरू एक खरीददारबाट अर्को खरीददारमा बेचिन्छन् र हस्तान्तरण गरिन्छन्। त्यसैले दोस्रो बजार अत्यधिक तरल हुनु महत्त्वपूर्ण छ। == स्वरुप == दोश्रो बजारलाई मुख्य रूपमा निम्न तीन भागमा विभाजन गर्न सकिन्छ। * दलाल बजार * थोक बजार * वैकल्पिक व्यापार प्रणाली : [[ तेस्रो बजार]] र [[चौथो बजार]] ==मुख्य कार्यहरू== ===बजार सूचना=== === तरलता === ===उपयुक्त मूल्यको अन्वेषण=== ===कारोबार लागतको न्यूनीकरण=== [[प्रतिभूति|प्रतिभूती]] खरिद वा बिक्री गर्नको लागि लगानीकर्ताले कमिसन, दलाली शुल्क आदिको भार बहन गर्नु पर्नेहुन्छ। यस प्रकारको खर्चको भार कम गर्नु प्रतिभूती बजारको एउटा मुख्य कार्य हो। प्रतिभूतिको खरिद बिक्रीमा लाग्ने शुल्क धितोपत्र बजार वा खरिद बिक्रीमा संलग्न अनौपचारिक सङ्गठनले निर्धारण गरेका हुन्छन्। प्रतिभूती बजारको सञ्चालन सम्बन्धी विभिन्न नियम र आचारसंहिता तयार गरी लागु गरिएका हुन्छन्। यस प्रकारका व्यवस्थाहरूबाट बजार सदस्यहरूले मनोमानी तरिकाबाट कमिशन असुल गर्ने कार्यलाई निरुत्साहित गर्छ, जसको परिणामस्वरूप कारोबार लागतमा कमि आउँछ। ==सन्दर्भहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} {{वित्तीय बजार प्रदर्शन}} [[श्रेणी:वित्तीय बजार]] 6s2xvg0hv2kvh7xwos7pbf63we9ilz3 0 114630 1354837 1299281 2026-05-10T19:14:46Z ~2026-28266-69 78558 1354837 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox television|name=डब्ल्युडब्ल्युई<!--- यस लेखको नाम शुक्रबार रातिको स्म्याकडाउनमा परिवर्तन नगर्नुहोला ---> स्म्याकडाउन|image=|image_alt=|caption=४ अक्टोबर २०१९ देखि प्रयोग भएको स्म्याकडाउनको प्रतिक|genre=[[कुस्ती|व्यावसायिक कुस्ती]]|creator=[[भिन्स म्याकमेन]]|writer *एड कोस्की <small>(प्रमुख लेखक)|presenter={{Plain list| * [[माइकल कोल]] <small>(खेल टिप्पणीकर्ता)</small><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wwe.com/shows/raw/article/wwe-premiere-week-features-unprecedented-eight-hours-of-primetime-coverage?sf220168854=1|title=WWE Premiere Week|website=डब्ल्युडब्ल्युई|language=अङ्ग्रेजी|access-date=२०१९-०९-२६}}</ref> * [[कोरी ग्रेभ्स]] <small>(विश्लेषक)</small> }}|starring=स्म्याकडाउनसँग सम्बन्धित खेलाडी तथा व्यक्तित्वहरू|opentheme={{Plain list| * [[एसी/डिसी]]को ''आर यु रेडी'' नामक गीत}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cbssports.com/wwe/news/wwe-reveals-new-logos-graphics-and-theme-songs-for-raw-and-smackdown-shows/|title=WWE reveals new logos, graphics and theme songs for Raw and SmackDown shows|website=सिबिएस खेलकुद|language=अङ्ग्रेजी|access-date=२०१९-०९-२३}}</ref>|composer=[[अङ्गुस योङ|अङ्गुस]] र [[मालकोल्म योङ]]|country={{झण्डा|अमेरिका}}|language=|num_seasons=२०|num_episodes=<!-- DO NOT change until end of current episode airs. -->१,०९१ ({{Start date|2020|07|24}} सम्म) <!-- DO NOT change until end of current episode airs. -->|list_episodes=|producer={{Plain list| *[[भिन्स म्याकमेन]]<br><small>(अध्यक्ष/कार्यकारी)</small> *[[ब्रुस प्रिचर्ड]]<br><small>(कार्यकारी निर्देशक)</small> *केभिन डुन<br><small>(कार्यकारी निर्माता)</small> }}|camera=बहु-क्यामरा जडान|runtime=१२० मिनेट (विज्ञापन समावेश)|company=[[डब्ल्युडब्ल्युई]]|distributor=डब्ल्युडब्ल्युई|network={{Plain list| * युपिएन (सन् १९९९–२००७) * द सिडब्ल्यु (सन् २००७–२००८) * माइ नेटवर्क टिभी<br>(सन् २००८–२०१०) * साइफाई (सन् २०१०–२०१५) * [[युएसए सञ्जाल]]<br>(सन् २०१६–२०१९) * [[फक्स प्रसारण कम्पनी|फक्स]] (सन् २०१९–2024) * फक्स देपोरतेस<br>(सन् २०१९–2024) * फक्स स्पोर्ट्स १ (सन् २०१९) }}|picture_format={{Plain list| * मानक परिभाषित चित्रण * उच्च परिभाषित चित्रण<ref name="tvtechnology1">{{cite web|title=WWE Slams Into HD|url=http://www.tvtechnology.com/pages/s.0082/t.11698.html|work=TV Technology|accessdate=March 9, 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080310103622/http://www.tvtechnology.com/pages/s.0082/t.11698.html|archivedate=March 10, 2008}}</ref> * ७२० चित्रपेशी (उच्च परिभाषित चित्रण)<ref name="tvtechnology1"/> }}|first_aired={{Start date|1999|04|29}}|last_aired={{End date|हाल}}|related={{Plain list| * ''[[डब्ल्युडब्ल्युई र]]'' * ''[[डब्ल्युडब्ल्युई एनएक्सटी]]'' * ''[[डब्ल्युडब्ल्युई टुओफाइभ लाइभ]]'' * ''[[डब्ल्युडब्ल्युई मेन इभेन्ट]]'' * ''[[एनएक्सटी बेलायत]]'' }}|website=http://www.wwe.com/shows/smackdown}} '''डब्ल्युडब्ल्युई स्म्याकडाउन''', वा '''शुक्रबार रातिको स्म्याकडाउन''' वा सामान्य रूपमा '''स्म्याकडाउन''', एक व्यावसायिक कुस्ती दूरदर्शन कार्यक्रम हो जुन २९ अप्रिल १९९९ मा, सुरु भएको थियो। यस कार्यक्रमको नाम पनि [[डब्ल्युडब्ल्युई]]को ''स्म्याकडाउन'' ब्रान्डलाई बुझाउन पनि प्रयोग गरिन्छ, जहाँ कम्पनीका कर्मचारीहरूको काम र प्रदर्शन तोकिएको छ। यसलाई हाल सोमवार रातिको [[डब्ल्युडब्ल्युई र|र]] साथ कम्पनीको प्रमुख कार्यक्रम मध्ये एकको रूपमा लिइन्छ।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wwe.com/shows/wwenxt/article/nxt-moves-to-usa-network|title=NXT moves to USA Network|work=डब्ल्युडब्ल्युई|language=अङ्ग्रेजी|access-date=August 22, 2019}}</ref> स्म्याकडाउन हाल फक्स सञ्जालमा शुक्रबार राति प्रत्यक्ष रूपमा प्रसारित हुन्छ। ४ अक्टोबर २०१९ देखि सञ्जालको शुक्रवार रातको तालिकाको सम्पूर्णता भर्दै, फक्स देपोरतेसले यसलाई [[स्पेनी भाषा]]मा उद्घोषणको साथ कार्यक्रमको अनुकरण गर्दछ। स्म्याकडाउन संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिकामा युपिएन नामक प्रसारण सञ्जाल मार्फत सुरु भएको थियो र यसलाई पहिलोपटक बिहीबार राति प्रसारण गरिएको थियो। युपिएन र डब्ल्युपी एकापसमा गाभिएसँगै कार्यक्रम ९ सेप्टेम्बर २००५ मा शुक्रवारमा सरेको थियो र सेप्टेम्बर २००६ मा, यो द सिडब्ल्यु मार्फत प्रसारण भएको थियो। कार्यक्रम पछि, अक्टोबर २००८ मा माई नेटवर्क टिभीमा सरेको थियो।<ref name="CW08">{{cite news|title=CW, "SmackDown" Part Ways|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/hr/content_display/television/news/e3i55bff7bc1a68ecef11e4dc915b1479f8|date=2008-02-08|accessdate=2008-02-09|last=Wallenstein|first=Andrew|work=द हलिउड रिपोर्टर|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080502192425/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/hr/content_display/television/news/e3i55bff7bc1a68ecef11e4dc915b1479f8|archivedate=2008-05-02}}</ref><ref name="MyNetworkCrowns">{{cite web|url=http://corporate.wwe.com/news/2008/2008_02_26.jsp|title=MyNetworkTV Crowns WWE Its New Programming Champ|publisher=[[डब्ल्युडब्ल्युई|विश्व कुस्ती मनोरञ्जन]]|date=2008-02-28|accessdate=2009-10-07|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100615083535/http://corporate.wwe.com/news/2008/2008_02_26.jsp|archivedate=2010-06-15}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100615083535/http://corporate.wwe.com/news/2008/2008_02_26.jsp |date=2010-06-15 }}</ref> १ अक्टोबर २०१० मा, स्म्याकडाउन केबुल सञ्जाल सायफायमा स्थानान्तरण भएको थियो र अन्ततः १५ जनवरी २०१५ मा, बिहिवार फर्किएको थियो।<ref name=SyfyMove>{{cite web |url=http://corporate.wwe.com/news/2010/WWECorporate-2010_04_13.jsp |title=SmackDown Goes SyFy |work=[[डब्ल्युडब्ल्युई|विश्व कुस्ती मनोरञ्जन]] |date=2010-04-13 |accessdate=2010-04-13 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100416182439/http://corporate.wwe.com/news/2010/WWECorporate-2010_04_13.jsp |archivedate=2010-04-16 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100416182439/http://corporate.wwe.com/news/2010/WWECorporate-2010_04_13.jsp |date=2010-04-16 }}</ref><ref name=SyfyLATimes>{{cite news|url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/entertainmentnewsbuzz/2010/04/wwes-smackdown-moving-to-syfy-.html|title=WWE's "SmackDown" Moving to Syfy|first=जो|last=फ्लिन्ट|work=लस एन्जलस टाइम्स|date=2010-04-12|accessdate=2010-04-13}}</ref> यो कार्यक्रम ७ जनवरी २०१६ मा, युएसए सञ्जालमा सरेको थियो र पछि १९ जुलाई २०१९ मा स्म्याकडाउनले मङ्गलबारको रातमा प्रत्यक्ष प्रसारण गर्न सुरु गरेको थियो।<ref>{{cite news|title=SmackDown moves to Thursday nights|url=http://www.wwe.com/shows/smackdown/2014-11-07/smackdown-moves-to-thursday-26779849|publisher=डब्ल्युडब्ल्युई|date=November 6, 2014}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180627090826/https://www.wwe.com/shows/smackdown/2014-11-07/smackdown-moves-to-thursday-26779849 |date=2018-06-27 }}</ref> ४ अक्टोबर २०१९ मा स्म्याकडाउन फक्स सञ्जाल मार्फत प्रसारित हुँदै शुक्रबारमा सरेको थियो<ref name="USA">{{cite web|url=http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2015/04/07/wwe-smackdown-moves-to-usa-network-in-2016/386011/|title='WWE SmackDown' Moves to USA Network in 2016|last=कोन्दोलोगी|first=आमान्डा|work=TV by the Numbers|date=April 7, 2015|accessdate=April 7, 2015}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160614152121/http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2015/04/07/wwe-smackdown-moves-to-usa-network-in-2016/386011/ |date=June 14, 2016 }}</ref><ref name="Weekly">{{cite web|url=https://www.ew.com/article/2015/04/07/usa-network-wwe-smackdown|title=WWE SmackDown moves to USA Network|work=इन्टरटेन्मेन्ट विक्ली|publisher=टाइम निगम|last=बाक्ले|first=अरिएना|date=April 7, 2015|accessdate=April 8, 2015}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150409030726/http://www.ew.com/article/2015/04/07/usa-network-wwe-smackdown |date=April 9, 2015 }}</ref><ref name="24Wrestling"/> जहाँ यो कार्यक्रम फक्सको सञ्जालमा दोस्रो पटक प्रसारण भइरहेको छ।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/shows/smackdown/article/smackdown-live-usa-network-july-19|title=SmackDown going live on USA Network on a new night with a distinct roster starting July 19|work=[[डब्ल्युडब्ल्युई]]|date=May 25, 2016|accessdate=May 25, 2016}}</ref> स्म्याकडाउन १६३ रङ्गमञ्च, १४८ सहर तथा क्षेत्र र सात देशहरू मार्फत प्रसारित हुन्छ। यो संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका, [[क्यानडा]], संयुक्त अधिराज्य, [[इराक]] (सन् २००३ र सन् २००४ को ट्रिब्युट टु ट ट्रुप्समा), जापान (सन् २००५ मा), इटाली (सन् २००७ मा) र [[मेक्सिको]]मा प्रत्यक्ष रूपमा प्रसारित हुन्छ। यसको हालको प्रत्यक्ष ढाँचामा फेरबदल गर्दा, अगाडि नै भरिएका शृङ्खलाहरू समय भेदका कारण केही घण्टा अघि आयरल्यान्ड र संयुक्त अधिराज्य र एक दिन अघि अस्ट्रेलिया, [[क्यानडा]], सिङ्गापुर, र [[फिलिपिन्स]]मा प्रसारण गरिएको थियो जुन संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिकाको भन्दा फरक थियो। कार्यक्रमले आफ्नो १५औँ वार्षिकोत्सब १० अक्टोबर २०१० मा मनाएको थियो भने यसले १०००औँ शृङ्खला १६ अक्टोबर २०१८ मा, पुरा गरेको थियो।<ref name="Smackdown 15 Years">{{cite web |url=http://www.wwe.com/videos/celebrate-the-15th-anniversary-of-smackdown-friday-oct-10-26675652 |title=Celebrate the 15th Anniversary of Smackdown - Friday Oct 10 |publisher=[[डब्ल्युडब्ल्युई]] |work=डब्ल्युडब्ल्युई डटकम |date=September 22, 2014 |accessdate=October 3, 2014 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141021185411/http://www.wwe.com/videos/celebrate-the-15th-anniversary-of-smackdown-friday-oct-10-26675652 |archivedate=October 21, 2014 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141021185411/http://www.wwe.com/videos/celebrate-the-15th-anniversary-of-smackdown-friday-oct-10-26675652 |date=October 21, 2014 }}</ref> ३ मार्च २०१७ सम्म, कार्यक्रमका सबै अभिलेखिकृत शृङ्खलाहरू डब्ल्युडब्ल्युई सञ्जाल मार्फत माग अनुरूप अवलोकनको लागि उपलब्ध छन्। भर्खरको शृङ्खलाहरू मूल प्रसारित मिति पछिको ३० दिन पछि मागको आधारमा हेर्नका लागि उपलब्ध छन्। == सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू == {{सन्दर्भसूची}} == बाह्य कडीहरू == {{कमन्सश्रेणी|WWE Smackdown|डब्ल्युडब्ल्युई स्म्याकडाउन}} * [https://www.wwe.com/shows/smackdown आधिकारिक वेबसाइट] * [http://www.usanetwork.com/wwesmackdown ''डब्ल्युडब्ल्युई स्म्याकडाउन''] [http://www.usanetwork.com युएसए नेटवर्क डटकम]मा * {{IMDb title|0227972|डब्ल्युडब्ल्युई स्म्याकडाउन}} * {{TV Guide|191912}} * {{tv.com show|friday-night-smackdown|डब्ल्युडब्ल्युई स्म्याकडाउन}} {{डब्ल्युडब्ल्युई}} {{एनबिसी खेलकुद}} {{फक्स खेलकुद}} {{संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिकामा व्यावसायिक कुस्ती}} [[श्रेणी:डब्ल्युडब्ल्युई र|डब्ल्युडब्ल्युई र]] [[श्रेणी:अमेरिकी प्रत्यक्ष दूरदर्शन शृङ्खलाहरू]] [[श्रेणी:स्पाइक (दूरदर्शन सञ्जाल) का मूल कार्यक्रमहरू]] [[श्रेणी:युएसए नेटवर्कका मूल कार्यक्रमहरू]] [[श्रेणी:अङ्ग्रेजी भाषाका टेलिभिजन कार्यक्रमहरू]] kj9blymt8cx0il9t3wcwjrgpxu3igr9 0 127143 1354847 1353628 2026-05-11T03:36:52Z पर्वत सुवेदी 31224 /* */ 1354847 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement <!--See the table at Infobox settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage--> <!-- आधारभूत जानकारी -->| name = | other_name = | native_name = | nickname = | settlement_type = [[गाउँपालिका]] | motto = <!-- images and maps --> | image_skyline = | image_caption = | image_flag = | image_seal = | image_map = | pushpin_label_position = bottom | pushpin_map_caption = बागमती प्रदेशको नक्सामा {{पृष्ठको नाम}}को अवस्थिति | pushpin_map = बेनीघाट रोराङ गाउँपालिका#धादिङ जिल्ला#बागमती प्रदेश#नेपाल <!-- अवस्थिति--> | subdivision_type = [[देश]] | subdivision_name = {{झण्डा|नेपाल}} | subdivision_type1 = [[नेपालका प्रदेशहरू|प्रदेश]] | subdivision_name1 = [[बागमती प्रदेश]] | subdivision_type2 = [[नेपालका जिल्लाहरू|जिल्ला]] | subdivision_name2 = [[धादिङ जिल्ला|धादिङ]] |<!-- राजनीति--> | government_footnotes =<ref name="निर्वाचन २०७९">{{cite news|title=स्थानीय तह निर्वाचन २०७९|url=https://election-local.onlinekhabar.com/municipal-filter/?state_id=5&district_id=33|accessdate=०९ साउन २०८१|language=नेपाली|publisher=अनलाइन खबर}}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> | government_type = | leader_title = अध्यक्ष | leader_name = कृष्‍णबहादुर थपलिया <small> ([[नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (माओवादी केन्द्र)|नेकपा (माओवादी केन्द्र)]]) | leader_title1 = उपाध्यक्ष | leader_name1 = टापबहादुर श्रेष्‍ठ <small> ([[नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (एकीकृत समाजवादी)|नेकपा (एकीकृत समाजवादी)]]) | established_title = स्थापित | established_date = २७ फागुन २०७३ | unit_pref = <!--Enter: Imperial, if Imperial (metric) is desired--> | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 206.52<!-- ALL fields dealing with a measurements are subject to automatic unit conversion--> |population_as_of = [[नेपालको बाह्रौँ राष्ट्रिय जनगणना, २०७८|राष्ट्रिय जनगणना २०७८]] |population_footnotes =<ref name="जनगणना २०७८">{{cite web |title=जनसङ्ख्याको आकार र वितरण|url=https://censusnepal.cbs.gov.np/results/np/population?province=3&district=26&municipality=9|accessdate=२९ जेठ २०८१|work=राष्ट्रिय जनगणना २०७८|publisher=[[राष्ट्रिय तथ्याङ्क कार्यालय (नेपाल)|राष्ट्रिय तथ्याङ्क कार्यालय]]|language=नेपाली}}</ref> | population_total = 33854 | population_density_km2 = auto | population_blank1_title = Ethnicities <!-- साधारण जानकारी -->| timezone = [[नेपालको प्रमाणिक समय|नेपाली समय]] | utc_offset = +५:४५ | timezone_DST = | utc_offset_DST = | coordinates = {{coord|27|49|N|84|47|E|type:adm2nd_region:NP_source:unmaps-newiki|display=inline,title}} | elevation_footnotes = <!--for references: use <ref> </ref> tags--> | elevation_m = <!-- Area/postal codes & others --> | postal_code_type = | postal_code = | area_code = +९७७-०१० | blank_name = केन्द्र | blank_info = साविक [[बेनीघाट, धादिङ|बेनीघाट]] गाविसको कार्यालय | website = [https://benighatrorangmun.gov.np/ आधिकारिक वेबसाइट] | footnotes = }} '''{{पृष्ठको नाम}}''' [[धादिङ जिल्ला]]का ११ वटा [[गाउँपालिका]]हरू मध्ये एक हो।<ref name="गाउँपालिका वा नगरपालिका">{{cite web|title=हेर्नुहोस्, तपाईँ कुन गाउँपालिका वा नगरपालिकामा पर्नुभयो?|url=http://setopati.com/raajneeti/64651/|publisher=सेतोपाटी|accessdate=फाल्गुन २०७३|ref=http://setopati.com/raajneeti/64651/}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170312170008/http://setopati.com/raajneeti/64651/ |date=2017-03-12 }}</ref> २७ फागुन २०७३ मा, गाउँपालिका घोषणा गर्दा साविकका [[जोगीमारा]], [[बेनीघाट, धादिङ|बेनीघाट]], [[धुषा]] र [[महादेवस्थान, धादिङ|महादेवस्थान]] [[गाउँ विकास समिति (नेपाल)|गाविस]]हरू यसमा गाभिएका थिए। ==जनसङ्ख्या== [[नेपालको बाह्रौँ राष्ट्रिय जनगणना, २०७८|राष्ट्रिय जनगणना २०७८]]को जनगणना अनुसार {{पृष्ठको नाम}}को कुल जनसङ्ख्या ३३,८५४ रहेको छ भने यहाँ ७,६०१ घरधुरी रहेका छन्।<ref name="जनगणना २०७८"/> {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center;" |+ बेनीघाट रोराङ गाउँपालिकाको अद्यावधिक वडागत तथ्याङ्क |- ! नयाँ वडा !! समावेश साविकका गाविसहरू !! जनसङ्ख्या !! क्षेत्रफल (वर्ग कि.मी.) !! जनघनत्व (व्यक्ति/वर्ग कि.मी.) |- | १ || [[महादेवस्थान, धादिङ|महादेवस्थान]] (६–९) || १,९८८ || १५.०६ || १३२.०१ |- | २ || [[महादेवस्थान, धादिङ|महादेवस्थान]] (१–५) || ५,३०३ || ४९.४७ || १०७.१९ |- | ३ || [[बेनीघाट, धादिङ|बेनीघाट]] (१, २, ९) || ४,६९३ || १०.८९ || ४३०.९५ |- | ४ || [[बेनीघाट, धादिङ|बेनीघाट]] (३–५) || २,३१० || १८.९९ || १२१.६४ |- | ५ || [[बेनीघाट, धादिङ|बेनीघाट]] (६–८) || ३,१५५ || ११.२१ || २८१.४५ |- | ६ || [[धुषा]] (७–९) || २,५८६ || २०.७३ || १२४.७५ |- | ७ || [[धुषा]] (१, २) || २,९७९ || ९.५२ || ३१२.९२ |- | ८ || [[धुषा]] (३–६) || २,४३० || २३.४४ || १०३.६७ |- | ९ || [[जोगीमारा]] (६–९) || ३,५६७ || १९.०५ || १८७.२४ |- | १० || [[जोगीमारा]] (१–५) || ४,८४३ || २८.१७ || १७१.९२ |- class="sortbottom" style="font-weight: bold; background: #f2f2f2;" | colspan="2" | '''जम्मा''' || '''३३,८५४''' || '''२०६.५३''' || १६३.९२ |} ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} {{धादिङ जिल्लाका स्थानीय तहहरू}} ==बाह्य कडीहरू== *[http://www.ddcdhading.gov.np/ जिल्ला विकास समितिको कार्यालय, धादिङ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804195727/http://ddcdhading.gov.np/ |date=2020-08-04 }} [[श्रेणी:धादिङ जिल्लाका गाउँपालिकाहरू]] [[श्रेणी:बागमती प्रदेशका गाउँपालिकाहरू]] pmh9vho9dgszr5mad0exo17qnhjtfbx 1354848 1354847 2026-05-11T03:38:15Z पर्वत सुवेदी 31224 /* */ 1354848 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement <!--See the table at Infobox settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage--> <!-- आधारभूत जानकारी -->| name = | other_name = | native_name = | nickname = | settlement_type = [[गाउँपालिका]] | motto = <!-- images and maps --> | image_skyline = | image_caption = | image_flag = | image_seal = | image_map = | pushpin_label_position = bottom | pushpin_map_caption = बागमती प्रदेशको नक्सामा {{पृष्ठको नाम}}को अवस्थिति | pushpin_map = बेनीघाट रोराङ गाउँपालिका#धादिङ जिल्ला#बागमती प्रदेश#नेपाल <!-- अवस्थिति--> | subdivision_type = [[देश]] | subdivision_name = {{झण्डा|नेपाल}} | subdivision_type1 = [[नेपालका प्रदेशहरू|प्रदेश]] | subdivision_name1 = [[बागमती प्रदेश]] | subdivision_type2 = [[नेपालका जिल्लाहरू|जिल्ला]] | subdivision_name2 = [[धादिङ जिल्ला|धादिङ]] |<!-- राजनीति--> | government_footnotes =<ref name="निर्वाचन २०७९">{{cite news|title=स्थानीय तह निर्वाचन २०७९|url=https://election-local.onlinekhabar.com/municipal-filter/?state_id=5&district_id=33|accessdate=०९ साउन २०८१|language=नेपाली|publisher=अनलाइन खबर}}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> | government_type = | leader_title = अध्यक्ष | leader_name = कृष्‍णबहादुर थपलिया <small> ([[नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (माओवादी केन्द्र)|नेकपा (माओवादी केन्द्र)]]) | leader_title1 = उपाध्यक्ष | leader_name1 = टापबहादुर श्रेष्‍ठ <small> ([[नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (एकीकृत समाजवादी)|नेकपा (एकीकृत समाजवादी)]]) | established_title = स्थापित | established_date = २७ फागुन २०७३ | unit_pref = <!--Enter: Imperial, if Imperial (metric) is desired--> | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 206.52<!-- ALL fields dealing with a measurements are subject to automatic unit conversion--> |population_as_of = [[नेपालको बाह्रौँ राष्ट्रिय जनगणना, २०७८|राष्ट्रिय जनगणना २०७८]] |population_footnotes =<ref name="जनगणना २०७८">{{cite web |title=जनसङ्ख्याको आकार र वितरण|url=https://censusnepal.cbs.gov.np/results/np/population?province=3&district=26&municipality=9|accessdate=२९ जेठ २०८१|work=राष्ट्रिय जनगणना २०७८|publisher=[[राष्ट्रिय तथ्याङ्क कार्यालय (नेपाल)|राष्ट्रिय तथ्याङ्क कार्यालय]]|language=नेपाली}}</ref> | population_total = 33854 | population_density_km2 = auto | population_blank1_title = Ethnicities <!-- साधारण जानकारी -->| timezone = [[नेपालको प्रमाणिक समय|नेपाली समय]] | utc_offset = +५:४५ | timezone_DST = | utc_offset_DST = | coordinates = {{coord|27|49|N|84|47|E|type:adm2nd_region:NP_source:unmaps-enwiki|display=inline,title}} | elevation_footnotes = <!--for references: use <ref> </ref> tags--> | elevation_m = <!-- Area/postal codes & others --> | postal_code_type = | postal_code = | area_code = +९७७-०१० | blank_name = केन्द्र | blank_info = साविक [[बेनीघाट, धादिङ|बेनीघाट]] गाविसको कार्यालय | website = [https://benighatrorangmun.gov.np/ आधिकारिक वेबसाइट] | footnotes = }} '''{{पृष्ठको नाम}}''' [[धादिङ जिल्ला]]का ११ वटा [[गाउँपालिका]]हरू मध्ये एक हो।<ref name="गाउँपालिका वा नगरपालिका">{{cite web|title=हेर्नुहोस्, तपाईँ कुन गाउँपालिका वा नगरपालिकामा पर्नुभयो?|url=http://setopati.com/raajneeti/64651/|publisher=सेतोपाटी|accessdate=फाल्गुन २०७३|ref=http://setopati.com/raajneeti/64651/}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170312170008/http://setopati.com/raajneeti/64651/ |date=2017-03-12 }}</ref> २७ फागुन २०७३ मा, गाउँपालिका घोषणा गर्दा साविकका [[जोगीमारा]], [[बेनीघाट, धादिङ|बेनीघाट]], [[धुषा]] र [[महादेवस्थान, धादिङ|महादेवस्थान]] [[गाउँ विकास समिति (नेपाल)|गाविस]]हरू यसमा गाभिएका थिए। ==जनसङ्ख्या== [[नेपालको बाह्रौँ राष्ट्रिय जनगणना, २०७८|राष्ट्रिय जनगणना २०७८]]को जनगणना अनुसार {{पृष्ठको नाम}}को कुल जनसङ्ख्या ३३,८५४ रहेको छ भने यहाँ ७,६०१ घरधुरी रहेका छन्।<ref name="जनगणना २०७८"/> {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center;" |+ बेनीघाट रोराङ गाउँपालिकाको अद्यावधिक वडागत तथ्याङ्क |- ! नयाँ वडा !! समावेश साविकका गाविसहरू !! जनसङ्ख्या !! क्षेत्रफल (वर्ग कि.मी.) !! जनघनत्व (व्यक्ति/वर्ग कि.मी.) |- | १ || [[महादेवस्थान, धादिङ|महादेवस्थान]] (६–९) || १,९८८ || १५.०६ || १३२.०१ |- | २ || [[महादेवस्थान, धादिङ|महादेवस्थान]] (१–५) || ५,३०३ || ४९.४७ || १०७.१९ |- | ३ || [[बेनीघाट, धादिङ|बेनीघाट]] (१, २, ९) || ४,६९३ || १०.८९ || ४३०.९५ |- | ४ || [[बेनीघाट, धादिङ|बेनीघाट]] (३–५) || २,३१० || १८.९९ || १२१.६४ |- | ५ || [[बेनीघाट, धादिङ|बेनीघाट]] (६–८) || ३,१५५ || ११.२१ || २८१.४५ |- | ६ || [[धुषा]] (७–९) || २,५८६ || २०.७३ || १२४.७५ |- | ७ || [[धुषा]] (१, २) || २,९७९ || ९.५२ || ३१२.९२ |- | ८ || [[धुषा]] (३–६) || २,४३० || २३.४४ || १०३.६७ |- | ९ || [[जोगीमारा]] (६–९) || ३,५६७ || १९.०५ || १८७.२४ |- | १० || [[जोगीमारा]] (१–५) || ४,८४३ || २८.१७ || १७१.९२ |- class="sortbottom" style="font-weight: bold; background: #f2f2f2;" | colspan="2" | '''जम्मा''' || '''३३,८५४''' || '''२०६.५३''' || १६३.९२ |} ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} {{धादिङ जिल्लाका स्थानीय तहहरू}} ==बाह्य कडीहरू== *[http://www.ddcdhading.gov.np/ जिल्ला विकास समितिको कार्यालय, धादिङ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804195727/http://ddcdhading.gov.np/ |date=2020-08-04 }} [[श्रेणी:धादिङ जिल्लाका गाउँपालिकाहरू]] [[श्रेणी:बागमती प्रदेशका गाउँपालिकाहरू]] 1rs5gy2sroxng6pzmknyz3uoxeps8wt 1354851 1354848 2026-05-11T03:53:04Z पर्वत सुवेदी 31224 /* */ 1354851 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement <!--See the table at Infobox settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage--> <!-- आधारभूत जानकारी -->| name = | other_name = | native_name = | nickname = | settlement_type = [[गाउँपालिका]] | motto = <!-- images and maps --> | image_skyline = | image_caption = | image_flag = | image_seal = | image_map = | pushpin_label_position = bottom | pushpin_map_caption = बागमती प्रदेशको नक्सामा {{पृष्ठको नाम}}को अवस्थिति | pushpin_map = बेनीघाट रोराङ गाउँपालिका#धादिङ जिल्ला#बागमती प्रदेश#नेपाल <!-- अवस्थिति--> | subdivision_type = [[देश]] | subdivision_name = {{झण्डा|नेपाल}} | subdivision_type1 = [[नेपालका प्रदेशहरू|प्रदेश]] | subdivision_name1 = [[बागमती प्रदेश]] | subdivision_type2 = [[नेपालका जिल्लाहरू|जिल्ला]] | subdivision_name2 = [[धादिङ जिल्ला|धादिङ]] |<!-- राजनीति--> | government_footnotes =<ref name="निर्वाचन २०७९">{{cite news|title=स्थानीय तह निर्वाचन २०७९|url=https://election-local.onlinekhabar.com/municipal-filter/?state_id=5&district_id=33|accessdate=०९ साउन २०८१|language=नेपाली|publisher=अनलाइन खबर}}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> | government_type = | leader_title = अध्यक्ष | leader_name = कृष्‍णबहादुर थपलिया <small> ([[नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (माओवादी केन्द्र)|नेकपा (माओवादी केन्द्र)]]) | leader_title1 = उपाध्यक्ष | leader_name1 = टापबहादुर श्रेष्‍ठ <small> ([[नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (एकीकृत समाजवादी)|नेकपा (एकीकृत समाजवादी)]]) | established_title = स्थापित | established_date = २७ फागुन २०७३ | unit_pref = <!--Enter: Imperial, if Imperial (metric) is desired--> | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 206.52<!-- ALL fields dealing with a measurements are subject to automatic unit conversion--> |population_as_of = [[नेपालको बाह्रौँ राष्ट्रिय जनगणना, २०७८|राष्ट्रिय जनगणना २०७८]] |population_footnotes =<ref name="जनगणना २०७८">{{cite web |title=जनसङ्ख्याको आकार र वितरण|url=https://censusnepal.cbs.gov.np/results/np/population?province=3&district=26&municipality=9|accessdate=२९ जेठ २०८१|work=राष्ट्रिय जनगणना २०७८|publisher=[[राष्ट्रिय तथ्याङ्क कार्यालय (नेपाल)|राष्ट्रिय तथ्याङ्क कार्यालय]]|language=नेपाली}}</ref> | population_total = 33854 | population_density_km2 = auto | population_blank1_title = Ethnicities <!-- साधारण जानकारी -->| timezone = [[नेपालको प्रमाणिक समय|नेपाली समय]] | utc_offset = +५:४५ | timezone_DST = | utc_offset_DST = | coordinates = {{coord|27.79|84.80|type:adm2nd_region:NP_source:unmaps-enwiki|display=inline,title}} | elevation_footnotes = <!--for references: use <ref> </ref> tags--> | elevation_m = <!-- Area/postal codes & others --> | postal_code_type = | postal_code = | area_code = +९७७-०१० | blank_name = केन्द्र | blank_info = साविक [[बेनीघाट, धादिङ|बेनीघाट]] गाविसको कार्यालय | website = [https://benighatrorangmun.gov.np/ आधिकारिक वेबसाइट] | footnotes = }} '''{{पृष्ठको नाम}}''' [[धादिङ जिल्ला]]का ११ वटा [[गाउँपालिका]]हरू मध्ये एक हो।<ref name="गाउँपालिका वा नगरपालिका">{{cite web|title=हेर्नुहोस्, तपाईँ कुन गाउँपालिका वा नगरपालिकामा पर्नुभयो?|url=http://setopati.com/raajneeti/64651/|publisher=सेतोपाटी|accessdate=फाल्गुन २०७३|ref=http://setopati.com/raajneeti/64651/}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170312170008/http://setopati.com/raajneeti/64651/ |date=2017-03-12 }}</ref> २७ फागुन २०७३ मा, गाउँपालिका घोषणा गर्दा साविकका [[जोगीमारा]], [[बेनीघाट, धादिङ|बेनीघाट]], [[धुषा]] र [[महादेवस्थान, धादिङ|महादेवस्थान]] [[गाउँ विकास समिति (नेपाल)|गाविस]]हरू यसमा गाभिएका थिए। ==जनसङ्ख्या== [[नेपालको बाह्रौँ राष्ट्रिय जनगणना, २०७८|राष्ट्रिय जनगणना २०७८]]को जनगणना अनुसार {{पृष्ठको नाम}}को कुल जनसङ्ख्या ३३,८५४ रहेको छ भने यहाँ ७,६०१ घरधुरी रहेका छन्।<ref name="जनगणना २०७८"/> {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center;" |+ बेनीघाट रोराङ गाउँपालिकाको अद्यावधिक वडागत तथ्याङ्क |- ! नयाँ वडा !! समावेश साविकका गाविसहरू !! जनसङ्ख्या !! क्षेत्रफल (वर्ग कि.मी.) !! जनघनत्व (व्यक्ति/वर्ग कि.मी.) |- | १ || [[महादेवस्थान, धादिङ|महादेवस्थान]] (६–९) || १,९८८ || १५.०६ || १३२.०१ |- | २ || [[महादेवस्थान, धादिङ|महादेवस्थान]] (१–५) || ५,३०३ || ४९.४७ || १०७.१९ |- | ३ || [[बेनीघाट, धादिङ|बेनीघाट]] (१, २, ९) || ४,६९३ || १०.८९ || ४३०.९५ |- | ४ || [[बेनीघाट, धादिङ|बेनीघाट]] (३–५) || २,३१० || १८.९९ || १२१.६४ |- | ५ || [[बेनीघाट, धादिङ|बेनीघाट]] (६–८) || ३,१५५ || ११.२१ || २८१.४५ |- | ६ || [[धुषा]] (७–९) || २,५८६ || २०.७३ || १२४.७५ |- | ७ || [[धुषा]] (१, २) || २,९७९ || ९.५२ || ३१२.९२ |- | ८ || [[धुषा]] (३–६) || २,४३० || २३.४४ || १०३.६७ |- | ९ || [[जोगीमारा]] (६–९) || ३,५६७ || १९.०५ || १८७.२४ |- | १० || [[जोगीमारा]] (१–५) || ४,८४३ || २८.१७ || १७१.९२ |- class="sortbottom" style="font-weight: bold; background: #f2f2f2;" | colspan="2" | '''जम्मा''' || '''३३,८५४''' || '''२०६.५३''' || १६३.९२ |} ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} {{धादिङ जिल्लाका स्थानीय तहहरू}} ==बाह्य कडीहरू== *[http://www.ddcdhading.gov.np/ जिल्ला विकास समितिको कार्यालय, धादिङ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804195727/http://ddcdhading.gov.np/ |date=2020-08-04 }} [[श्रेणी:धादिङ जिल्लाका गाउँपालिकाहरू]] [[श्रेणी:बागमती प्रदेशका गाउँपालिकाहरू]] opw6xvgjg4ozk5d7ebxp19wzkrqfqrw 0 139681 1354857 1352278 2026-05-11T06:22:52Z InternetArchiveBot 53012 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1354857 wikitext text/x-wiki '''प्राकृतिक प्रकोप''' एक प्रकारको प्राकृतिक घटना हो जसले मानिसको सामाजिक-आर्थिक पक्षलाई क्षति पुर्‍याउँदछ। यद्यपि यो एक सामान्य प्राकृतिक घटनाको रूपमा भएतापनि धेरैजसो अवस्थामा यो मानव गतिविधिहरूको प्रभावको कारण प्राकृतिक सन्तुलनको ह्रासको कारणले हुन्छ।<ref name=":3">{{cite web |title=Natural Hazards {{!}} National Risk Index |url=https://hazards.fema.gov/nri/natural-hazards |publisher=Federal Emergency Management Agency |website=hazards.fema.gov |access-date=2022-06-08}}</ref> सामान्य भाषामा भन्नुपर्दा प्राकृतिक प्रकोप प्राकृतिक नियमको अपवाद हो। प्राकृतिक प्रकोपले विपत्तिपछि [[समाज]] वा समुदायमा अत्यधिक हानिकारक प्रभाव छाड्ने गर्दछ। [[बाढी]], [[पहिरो]], [[खडेरी]], [[भुईँचालो|भूकम्प]], उष्णकटिबन्धीय चक्रवात, [[आँधीबेहरी]] [[चट्याङ]], [[ज्वालामुखी|ज्वालामुखी गतिविधि]], [[डढेलो]] जस्ता प्राकृतिक घटनाहरू यसका केही उदाहरणहरू हुन्।<ref>{{cite book |editor=G. Bankoff, G. Frerks, D. Hilhorst |year=2003 |title=Mapping Vulnerability: Disasters, Development and People |publisher=Routledge |isbn=1-85383-964-7|date=December 2020}}</ref> प्राकृतिक प्रकोपले जनधनको क्षति गर्न सक्ने भएकाले यसले सामान्यतया आर्थिक गतिविधिलाई समेत क्षति पुर्‍याउने गर्दछ। विद्वानहरूले प्राकृतिक प्रकोप भन्ने शब्द अनुपयुक्त रहेको र यसलाई त्याग्नुपर्ने बताउँदै यसको सट्टा, सरल शब्द ''विपद्'' प्रयोग गर्न सकिने बताएका छन्। यस्तो प्रकोप, प्राकृतिक वा मानव निर्मित खतराको परिणामले हुनसक्छ जसले कमजोर समुदायलाई बढी प्रभाव पार्ने गर्दछ।<ref>Cannon, Terry. (1994). [https://researchgate.net/publication/248360551_Vulnerability_Analysis_and_The_Explanation_Of_'Natural'_Disasters Vulnerability Analysis and The Explanation Of 'Natural' Disasters]. Disasters, Development and Environment.</ref> [[चित्र:Elkton, Maryland 2009 Blizzard.jpg|thumb|सन् २००९ मा मेरिल्यान्डमा आएको हिमआँधी]] आधुनिक समयमा प्राकृतिक, मानव निर्मित र मानव-द्रुत विपत्तिहरू बीचको विभाजन कोर्न निकै कठीन छ।<ref name=":1">{{cite web |title=Why natural disasters aren't all that natural |website=openDemocracy |date=2020-11-26 |url=https://opendemocracy.net/en/why-natural-disasters-arent-all-that-natural |access-date=2020-12-29 |archive-date=2020-11-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129131113/https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/why-natural-disasters-arent-all-that-natural/ | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Gould|first1=Kevin A. |last2=Garcia|first2=M. Magdalena |last3=Remes|first3=Jacob A.C. |title=Beyond 'natural-disasters-are-not-natural': the work of state and nature after the 2010 earthquake in Chile |journal=Journal of Political Ecology |date=1 December 2016 |volume=23 |issue=1 |pages=93 |doi=10.2458/v23i1.20181 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Smith|first=Neil | title=There's No Such Thing as a Natural Disaster |website=Items |date=2006-06-11 |url=https://items.ssrc.org/understanding-katrina/theres-no-such-thing-as-a-natural-disaster/ |access-date=2020-12-29 |archive-date=2021-01-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210122104324/https://items.ssrc.org/understanding-katrina/theres-no-such-thing-as-a-natural-disaster/ |url-status=live}}</ref> वास्तुकला, [[आगो|अग्नि]], स्रोत व्यवस्थापन र [[जलवायु परिवर्तन]] जस्ता मानव निर्मित गतिविधिहरूले प्राकृतिक प्रकोपहरू निम्त्याउनमा भूमिका खेल्ने गर्दछन्।<ref name=":1"/><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Gould|first1=Kevin A. |last2=Garcia|first2=M. Magdalena |last3=Remes|first3=Jacob A.C. |title=Beyond 'natural-disasters-are-not-natural': the work of state and nature after the 2010 earthquake in Chile |journal=Journal of Political Ecology |date=1 December 2016 |volume=23 |issue=1 |pages=93 |doi=10.2458/v23i1.20181 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Smith|first=Neil | title=There's No Such Thing as a Natural Disaster |website=Items |date=2006-06-11 |url=https://items.ssrc.org/understanding-katrina/theres-no-such-thing-as-a-natural-disaster/ |access-date=2020-12-29 |archive-date=2021-01-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210122104324/https://items.ssrc.org/understanding-katrina/theres-no-such-thing-as-a-natural-disaster/ |url-status=live}}</ref> प्राकृतिक प्रकोप शब्दलाई सन् १९७६ देखिनै गलत नाम दिइएको थियो।<ref>{{cite web | title=Wildfire Causes and Evaluations (U.S. National Park Service) | website=NPS.gov Homepage (U.S. National Park Service) | date=2018-11-27 | url=https://www.nps.gov/articles/wildfire-causes-and-evaluation.htm | access-date=2020-12-29 | archive-date=2021-01-01 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210101030717/https://www.nps.gov/articles/wildfire-causes-and-evaluation.htm | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="auto">{{cite web | last=DeWeerdt | first=Sarah | title=Humans cause 96% of wildfires that threaten homes in the U.S. | website=Anthropocene | date=2020-09-15 | url=https://www.anthropocenemagazine.org/2020/09/humans-cause-most-wildfires-that-threaten-homes-in-the-united-states/ | access-date=2020-12-29 | archive-date=2020-12-10 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201210055715/https://www.anthropocenemagazine.org/2020/09/humans-cause-most-wildfires-that-threaten-homes-in-the-united-states/ | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="auto"/><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Smil |first1=Vaclav |title=China's great famine: 40 years later |journal=BMJ |date=18 December 1999 |volume=319 |issue=7225 |pages=1619–1621 |doi=10.1136/bmj.319.7225.1619 |pmid=10600969 |pmc=1127087 }}</ref> अपर्याप्त भवन निर्माण मापदण्ड, मानिसहरूको सीमान्तीकरण, असमानता, स्रोतसाधनको अत्यधिक दोहन, चरम सहरी फैलावट र [[जलवायु परिवर्तन]]का कारण प्राकृतिक प्रकोपहरू बढ्न सक्छन्।<ref>{{cite book |last1=McGuire |first1=Bill |title=Waking the Giant: How a changing climate triggers earthquakes, tsunamis, and volcanoes |date=2012 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-959226-5 |url=https://1lib.eu/book/2583950/77162a |access-date=2020-12-29 |archive-date=2022-04-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220418223658/http://ww25.1lib.eu/book/2583950/77162a?subid1=20220419-0836-58aa-a5d2-62fa1ec4a512 |url-status=live|date=December 2020}}</ref> विश्वभर तीव्र रूपमा वृद्धि हुँदै गइरहेको [[जनसङ्ख्या]] र यसले सिर्जना गरेको प्रतिकूल वातावरणको बढ्दो एकाग्रताले प्रकोपको आवृत्ति र गम्भीरता दुवै बढाएको छ। उष्णकटिबन्धीय क्षेत्रहरूमा देखिने चरम जलवायु, अस्थिर भू-आकृति, वन विनाश, अनियोजित विकास प्रसार र भवन निर्माणहरूले गर्दा मानिसहरू यस्ता प्रकोपहरूको खतरामा परेका छन्। दीर्घकालीन प्राकृतिक प्रकोपबाट पीडित, [[अल्पविकसित देश|कम विकसित]] र [[विकासशील देश|विकासोन्मुख देशहरू]]मा प्रायः विपत्ति आएको खण्डमा अप्रभावकारी सञ्चार प्रणालीहरू रहने भएकाले विपद् रोकथाम र व्यवस्थापनका उनीहरू पूर्णरूपमा समर्थन हुँदैनन्। यदि कुनै प्रकारको प्राकृतिक विपद् कमजोर जनसमुदायमा नपर्ने हो भने विपद्को स्तरमा वृद्धि नहुने देखिन्छ।<ref>{{cite book| author=D. Alexander| year=2002| title=Principles of Emergency planning and Management| publisher=Harpended: Terra publishing| isbn= 1-903544-10-6}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author1=B. Wisner |author2=P. Blaikie |author3=T. Cannon |author4=I. Davis | year=2004| title=At Risk – Natural hazards, people's vulnerability and disasters| publisher=Wiltshire: Routledge| isbn= 0-415-25216-4|date=December 2020}}</ref> यदि कमजोर जनसमुदायले विपत् अनुभव गर्नुपर्‍यो भने त्यसपछिको पुनर्निर्माण गर्न धेरै वर्ष लाग्न सक्ने र त्यो मर्मत अवधिले थप जोखिम निम्त्याउन सक्छ। प्राकृतिक प्रकोपको विनाशकारी परिणामले प्रभावित समुदायहरूको मानसिक [[स्वास्थ्य]]मा पनि यसले असर पार्ने गर्दछ।<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Kieft|first1=J.|last2=Bendell|first2=J|year=2021|title=The responsibility of communicating difficult truths about climate influenced societal disruption and collapse: an introduction to psychological research|url=https://insight.cumbria.ac.uk/id/eprint/5950|journal=Institute for Leadership and Sustainability (IFLAS) Occasional Papers|volume=7|pages=1–39|access-date=2021-04-03|archive-date=2021-03-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210310074519/https://insight.cumbria.ac.uk/id/eprint/5950/|url-status=live}}</ref> == भौगर्भिक खतराका कारण उत्पन्न प्रकोप == === पहिरो === [[चित्र:Landslide in Cusco, Peru - 2018.jpg|thumb|right|पेरूको कुस्को सहरमा आएको पहिरो, सन् २०१८]] [[File:NASA Model Finds Landslide Threats in Near Real-Time During Heavy Rains.webm|thumb|नासाको एउटा नमुना विश्वभरि सम्भावित पहिरो गतिविधिहरू कसरी परिवर्तन भइरहेको छ भनेर हेर्नको लागि विकास गरिएको छ।]] [[चित्र:Landslide_animation_San_Matteo_County.gif|thumb|सन् १९९७ मा क्यालिफोर्नियाको एउटा गाउँमा जाँदै गरेको पहिरो]] भूस्खलन वा [[पहिरो]] जमीनको उच्च भागबाट जमीन भत्केर तल खस्ने प्राकृतिक भूवैज्ञानिक क्रिया हो। भूस्खलनमा जमिनको गतिको विस्तृत शृङ्खला समावेश हुन्छ जसमा चट्टान खस्नु, माटोको बहाव, ढलान तर्फ झर्दै गरेको माटोको थुप्रो आदि।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thesaurus.com/browse/landslide|title=Landslide synonyms|year=2013|series=Roget's 21st Century Thesaurus|website=thesaurus.com|access-date=16 March 2018|archive-date=24 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200924234434/https://www.thesaurus.com/browse/landslide|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Science & Technology, 11th Edition, {{ISBN|9780071778343}}, 2012</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2004/3072/fs-2004-3072.html|title=USGS factsheet, Landslide Types and Processes, 2004.|access-date=2020-08-28|archive-date=2020-10-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201004122221/https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2004/3072/fs-2004-3072.html|url-status=live}}</ref> पहाडको शृङ्खलादेखि तटीय भीर वा पानीमुनिसमेत ठाडो र कोमल ढलानमा पहिरो जान सक्छ। ढलानले केही प्रक्रियाहरू पार गर्दा पहिरो जाने गर्दछ जसले यसको अवस्थालाई स्थिरबाट अस्थिरमा परिवर्तन गर्दछ।<ref name=":4">{{Cite journal|last1=Hungr|first1=Oldrich|last2=Leroueil|first2=Serge|last3=Picarelli|first3=Luciano|date=2014-04-01|title=The Varnes classification of landslide types, an update|url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-013-0436-y|journal=Landslides|language=en|volume=11|issue=2|pages=167–194|doi=10.1007/s10346-013-0436-y|bibcode=2014Lands..11..167H |s2cid=38328696|issn=1612-5118}}</ref> पहिरो जानुका कारणहरू धेरै हुन्छन् [[रूख|रुखबिरुवा]]को अन्धाधुन्ध फँडानी, भौगर्भिक अध्यन बिना [[पहाड]]मा [[सडक]] तथा अन्य संरचना आदिको निर्माण, आदि मानवद्वारा निर्मित कारणहरू हुन् भने प्राकृतिक कारणहरू जस्तै अतिवृष्टि, [[भुईँचालो|भूकम्प]] आदिको कारणले पनि पहिरो जाने गर्छ।<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Haflidason|first1=Haflidi|last2=Sejrup|first2=Hans Petter|last3=Nygård|first3=Atle|last4=Mienert|first4=Jurgen|last5=Bryn|first5=Petter|last6=Lien|first6=Reidar|last7=Forsberg|first7=Carl Fredrik|last8=Berg|first8=Kjell|last9=Masson|first9=Doug|date=2004-12-15|title=The Storegga Slide: architecture, geometry and slide development|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0025322704002713|journal=Marine Geology|series=COSTA - Continental Slope Stability|language=en|volume=213|issue=1|pages=201–234|doi=10.1016/j.margeo.2004.10.007|bibcode=2004MGeol.213..201H|issn=0025-3227}}</ref> [[गुरुत्वाकर्षण बल|गुरुत्वाकर्षण]]ले भूस्खलनका लागि प्राथमिक बल प्रदान गर्ने भएतापनि ढलानको स्थिरतालाई प्रभावित पार्ने अन्य विभिन्न कारक तत्वहरू हुन्छन्। सहरी फैलावट जस्ता मानव विकास र खानी र वन फँडानी जस्ता स्रोत दोहनले गर्दा पहिरोको जोखिम बढ्न जान्छ। यसको अतिरिक्त, जलवायु परिवर्तन र वातावरणमा मानव प्रभावले विश्वव्यापी रूपमा बढ्दै गएको तापक्रमले चरम [[मौसम]] जस्ता प्राकृतिक घटनाहरूको आवृत्ति बढाउन सक्ने भएकाले यसले पहिरोको जोखिमलाई पनि बढाउन सक्छ।<ref>{{Cite web |last=Merzdorf |first=Jessica |title=Climate Change Could Trigger More Landslides in High Mountain Asia |url=https://climate.nasa.gov/news/2951/climate-change-could-trigger-more-landslides-in-high-mountain-asia |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=Climate Change: Vital Signs of the Planet |publisher=NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center |archive-date=2023-02-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230204130959/https://climate.nasa.gov/news/2951/climate-change-could-trigger-more-landslides-in-high-mountain-asia/ |url-status=live }}</ref> === हिमपहिरो === [[चित्र:Avalanche on Everest.JPG|thumb|upright=1.25|[[सगरमाथा]] नजिकै भएको हिमस्खलन पछि देखिएको हिउँको धूलो]] [[चित्र:Ligne Saint-Gervais - Vallorcine - avalanche 2006 - 08.jpg|thumb|फ्रान्सको उत्-सभ्वामा हिमस्खलन पछिको अवरोधलाई हटाउन भारी उपकरणहरूले परिचालन गरिँदै (सन् २००६)]] [[चित्र:AvalancheToe.jpg|thumb|अलास्काको केनाई फजर्ड्स राष्ट्रिय निकुञ्जमा हिमस्खलन]] [[चित्र:Alaska - Miscellaneous (Airscapes) - NARA - 23933547.jpg|thumb|right|हिमस्खलनका कारण अवरुद्ध बनेको अलास्का रेलमार्ग]] [[हिमपहिरो]] वा हिमस्खलन [[हिउँ]]ले ढाकिएको ढलान वा सतहमा तीव्र गतिमा हिउँको मोटो पत्र तल खस्ने प्राकृतिक क्रिया हो। यो सामान्यतया कुनैपनि उच्च क्षेत्रमा उपस्थित हिउँको बाक्लो पत्रमा अचानक अस्थिरता आएपछि सुरु हुन्छ। हिउँमा पहिरो गएपछि ढलान तर्फ हिउँ खस्दा यसले तीव्रता बनाउँदै बरफका अन्य भागहरूलाई समेत यसले तल ल्याइपुर्‍याउने गर्दछ।<ref>{{cite web|title=Snow Avalanches {{!}} National Snow and Ice Data Center|url=https://nsidc.org/cryosphere/snow/science/avalanches.html|access-date=23 March 2021|website=nsidc.org}}</ref> हिउँले ढाकिएको बाक्लो पत्रमा अस्थिरता आउनुको विभिन्न कारणहरू हुन सक्छन्। उच्च हिमाल तथा पहाडी भेगमा हिमपात हुँदा उच्च स्थानमा हिउँको बाक्लो पत्र निर्माण हुन सक्छ भने हिउँको मात्रामा वृद्धि हुँदै जाँदा अस्थिरता उत्पन्न भई तल खस्न सक्छ। मानव क्रियाकलापहरू जस्तै, हिउँले ढाकिएको ठाउँमा मानिसहरूको चहलपहल, स्कि खेल तथा हिउँमा चल्ने मोटरगाडीहरू चलाउँदा कम्पन हुने हुँदा हिमस्खलन हुन सक्छ। उच्च [[हिमाली प्रदेश|हिमाली]] तथा पहाडी भेगहरूमा सडक निर्माणका लागि गरिने [[बम|बम बिस्फोट]] र भूकम्पले पनि हिमस्खलन निम्त्याउन सक्छ। साधारणतया मानिसहरूको चिच्याहाटका कारणले पनि हिमस्खल हुनसक्ने भनिएता पनि हिमस्खलन गराउन सक्ने दबाब [[ध्वनि]]मा नहुने हुँदा यस धारणलाई [[वैज्ञानिक]]हरूद्वारा अस्वीकार गरिएको छ।<ref>{{Cite book|last=Louchet|first=Francois|title=Snow Avalanches|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2021|isbn=978-0-19-886693-0|pages=1–2|doi=10.1093/oso/9780198866930.001.0001}}</ref> === भूकम्प === [[Image:Sanfranciscoearthquake1906.jpg|thumb|right|सन् १९०६ मा [[संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका|अमेरिका]]को [[सान फ्रान्सिस्को]]मा आएको भूकम्प]] [[चित्र:durbarsquare after earthquake 3.JPG|thumb|विसं २०७२ सालमा नेपालमा आएको [[विसं २०७२ को महाभूकम्प|महाभूकम्प]]का कारण [[हनुमान ढोका|बसन्तपुर दरबार क्षेत्र]]मा भएको क्षति]][[चित्र:Earthquake-deaths.png|thumb|भूकम्पका कारण विश्वमा मृत्यु हुनेको सङ्ख्या (सन् १९६०–२०१७)]] [[चित्र:Number of recorded earthquake disaster events from 1901, OWID.png|thumb|सन् १९०१–२०१९ सम्मका भूकम्पका घटनाहरूको विश्वव्यापी सङ्ख्या]] पृथ्वीको भित्री भागमा निरन्तर भइरहने हलचलका कारण बाहिरी भागमा रहेका भौगर्भिक चट्टानका पत्रहरू एकआपसमा ठोक्किने, टाढिने वा च्यातिँदा पैदा हुने पृथ्वीको कम्पनलाई [[भुईँचालो|भूकम्प]] वा भुइचालो भनिन्छ। यो पृथ्वीको माथिल्लो भागमा कारणवस [[पृथ्वी]]को आन्तरिक ऊर्जा मिश्रित भएर हुन कम्पनको प्रक्रिया हो। यस क्रममा पृथ्वीको भित्री भागमा जम्मा हुँदै गएको शक्ति एक्कासि बाहिर फैलिँदा पृथ्वीको सतहमा कम्पन आउने गर्दछ। भूकम्पसँगै तरङ्ग पैदा हुने र टाढा टाढासम्म फैलिने गर्दछ। पृथ्वीको सतहमा कम्पन कहिलेकाहीँ जमिनको विस्थापनद्वारा प्रकट हुन जान्छ। भौगर्भिक त्रुटिहरूका कारण पृथ्वीको भित्री भागमा अवस्थित चट्टानहरू चिप्लिँदा पनि भूकम्प जाने गर्दछ।<ref name="nayapatrika.com">[http://www.nayapatrika.com/coverstory/13000-१९९०-पछिको-ठूलो-भूकम्प.html १९९० पछिको ठूलो भुईंचालो, नयापत्रिका, १९ सेप्टम्बर २०११] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111026064004/http://www.nayapatrika.com/coverstory/13000-%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AF%E0%A5%AF%E0%A5%A6-%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%9B%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B-%E0%A4%A0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B-%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA.html |date=2011-10-26 }}</ref> भूकम्पको उद्गमस्थललाई भूकम्पीय केन्द्रबिन्दु भनिन्छ भने सतहमा भूकम्पको विन्दुको सीधा रहने माथिल्लो विन्दुलाई उपकेन्द्र भनिन्छ। भूकम्पले मानव वा वन्यजन्तुमा सामान्य असर देखाएतापनि भूकम्पका कारण अग्ला भवनहरू भत्किने, चर्कने, आगो लाग्ने, [[सुनामी]] तथा [[ज्वालामुखी|ज्वालामुखी विस्फोट]] हुनेहुँदा यो मृत्युको कारण पनि बन्न सक्छ। यीमध्ये धेरै खतराहरूलाई भवन निर्माण गर्दा भूकम्प प्रतिरोधी बनाउने, सुरक्षा प्रणाली, प्रारम्भिक चेतावनी र आधुनिक योजनाद्वारा यसको प्रभावलाई कम गर्न सकिन्छ। === भ्वाङ पर्नु वा भासिनु === भ्वाङ जमीनको माथिल्लो तहको पतन वा अन्य कारणले जमीनमा पर्ने प्वाल वा चून क्षेत्रमा हुने भू-धरातलीय स्वरूप हो। जमीनको सतहमुनी रहेको चुन पानीसँगको सम्पर्कमा आएपछि पग्लेर यो स्थलरूप बन्दछ। प्राकृतिक कटान, मानव उत्खनन वा भूमिगत उत्खननले जमीनमा निर्माण गरिएका संरचनाहरूलाई धेरै कमजोर बनाउँछ जसकारण त्यसको भार खेप्न नसक्दा जमीनमा भ्वाङ पर्ने गर्दछ। उदाहरणका लागि, सन् २०१० को ग्वाटेमाला सहरको भ्वाङले एक जनाको ज्यान लिएको थियो भने उष्णकटिबन्धीय आँधीले निम्त्याएको भारी वर्षाका कारण भ्वाङ पर्दा भवन अचानक ढलेको थियो। भ्वाङले बगिरहेको वा स्थिर पानीबाट सतहको निकास कब्जा गर्न सक्छ भएतापनि यो उच्च र सुख्खा स्थानहरूमा पनि गठन हुन सक्छ। भ्वाङ पर्दा गुफाको छाना खस्ने गर्दछ भने यसमा थोरै घुलनशील आधारलाई क्रमिक रूपमा हटाउने प्राकृतिक प्रक्रियाहरू समावेश हुन्छ। यस्ता भ्वाङ विभिन्न आकारमा पाइएको भएतापनि धेरैजसो भ्वाङ गोलो आकारका पाइन्छन्। भ्वाङ सुरुमा पर्दाको आकार भन्दा विस्तार विस्तार बढ्दै जाने गरेको पाइन्छ। कुनै भ्वाङ खाली टोड्को मात्र हुन्छन् भने कुनै भ्वाङमा पानी भरिएको हुन्छ।<ref>{{Cite news |last=Tuckman |first=Jo |date=2010-06-03 |title=Guatemala City residents fearful after factory disappears into sinkhole |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/jun/03/guatemala-city-sinkhole |access-date=2024-01-07 |work=The Guardian |language=en|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> === ज्वालामुखी विस्फोट === [[चित्र:Puu Oo cropped.jpg|thumb|right|सक्रिय ज्वालामुखी]] ज्वालामुखीले विभिन्न तरिकाबाट विपत्ति निम्त्याउन सक्छ। [[ज्वालामुखी]]ले निम्त्याउने सबैभन्दा ठूलो विपत्ति यसको विस्फोटनबाट हुन्छ। ज्वालामुखी विस्फोट हुँदा तरल अवस्थाका रहेको म्याग्मा जमीनको सतहमा आउँदा चट्टानहरू बाहिर निस्किँदा यसले क्षति पुर्‍याउन सक्छ। पृथ्वीको सतहमा आउँदा अत्याधिक तापका कारण यसले भवन, [[रूख|बोटबिरूवा]], जनावर तथा मानिसहरूलाई पनि क्षति पुर्‍याउन सक्छ। यसबाहेक, ज्वालामुखीको खरानी चिसो हुँदै जाँदा बादलमा परिणाम हुँदा यस्तो बादल नजिकैको स्थानहरूमा बाक्लो रूपमा थिग्रिन सक्छ। ज्वालामुखीय खरानीले गतिशील यन्त्रहरूको इन्जिनमा घर्षण बढाउन सक्छ। == पानीको जोखिमले निम्त्याउने प्रकोप == === बाढी === [[चित्र:Die erschreckliche Wasser-Fluth (Burchardiflut 1634, Stich).jpg|thumb|जर्मनी र स्पेनमा गएको बाढीको चित्र]] [[File:A Flood on Java 1865-1876 Raden Saleh.jpg|thumb|जाभा द्वीपमा मानिसहरू बाढीबाट राहत पर्खिरहेका सन् १८६५–१८७६]] [[File:Rapid Creek flooding 1.jpg|thumb|अस्ट्रेलियाको डार्बिनमा बाढीको विनास]] [[चित्र:Trapped woman on a car roof during flash flooding in Toowoomba 2.jpg|thumb|अकस्मात परेको पानीबाट आएको आकस्मिक बाढी]] [[पानी]]को बहाव उच्च हुँदा जमीनको भाग डुब्न सक्छ। [[नदी]]मा पानी बहाव उच्च हुँदा बाढी आउने गर्दछ। बाढी आउँदा अधिक मात्रामा पानी एकत्र हुन्छ र सामान्यतयाः वर्षा याममा अत्याधिक पानी परेपछि नदीमा [[बाढी]] आउने गर्दछ।<ref>MSN Encarta Dictionary. [http://encarta.msn.com/encnet/features/dictionary/DictionaryResults.aspx?refid=1861612277 Flood.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110204203836/http://encarta.msn.com/encnet/features/dictionary/DictionaryResults.aspx?refid=1861612277 |date=2011-02-04 }} Retrieved on 2006-12-28. 2009-10-31.</ref> [[युरोपेली सङ्घ]]को बाढी निर्देशनले बाढीलाई सुख्खा भूमिमा पानीको बहाव उच्च हुँदा आउने अस्थायी आवरणको रूपमा परिभाषित गरेको छ। तीव्रताका साथ बगेको पानीको अर्थमा यो शब्द ज्वारभाटाको प्रवाहमा पनि लागू हुन सक्छ।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2007:288:0027:0034:EN:PDF|title=Directive 2007/60/EC Chapter 1 Article2|access-date=2011-11-14|archive-date=2015-11-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151106094442/http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2007:288:0027:0034:EN:PDF|url-status=live}}</ref> नदी वा तालजस्ता पानीको मुहानको मात्रा सामान्यभन्दा बढी हुँदा नदिले थेग्न नसकेको पानी सीमाबाट उम्कन सक्छ। मौसमी परिवर्तनसँगै हुने वर्षा र हिउँ पग्लने जस्ता कार्यहरूले बाढी निम्त्याउने गर्दछ। सामान्य प्रकृतिको पानीको बहावले गाउँ, सहर वा अन्य बसोबास क्षेत्र, सडक वा मानिसहरूले प्रयोग गर्ने भूमि वा खेतबारीलाई नडुबाएसम्म बाढीलाई महत्त्वपूर्ण मानिँदैन।कृषि, भवन निर्माण र जनस्वास्थ्यमा बाढीको ठूलो मात्राका क्षति पुर्‍याउन सक्छ। वातावरणमा हुने मानवीय परिवर्तनले प्रायः बाढीको तीव्रता र आवृत्तिलाई बढाउँदछ।<ref>Glossary of Meteorology (June 2000). [http://amsglossary.allenpress.com/glossary/search?id=flood1 Flood.] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070824054504/http://amsglossary.allenpress.com/glossary/search?id=flood1 |date=2007-08-24 }} Retrieved on 2009-01-09.</ref> वन फँडानी गरी गरिने भूमि अतिक्रमण, सिमसार क्षेत्रहरू घट्नु, मानिसहरूद्वारा जलमार्गको परिवर्तन गराउनु जस्ता मानव क्रियाकलापले पनि बाढीलाई टेवा पुग्ने देखिन्छ। जलवायु परिवर्तनले चरम मौसमी घटनाहरूको आवृत्तिलाई बलियो बनाउँदा यसले भीषण बाढी निम्त्याई बाढीको जोखिमलाई थप उच्च बढाउँदछ। === सुनामी === [[चित्र:2004-tsunami.jpg|thumb|upright=1.4|सन् २००४ हिन्द महासागर आएको सुनामीबाट प्रभावित थाइल्यान्डको क्राबी प्रदेश]] [[चित्र:NOAA Tsunami Animation-2016.webm|thumb|upright=1.4|सुनमीको थ्रिडी चित्रण]] समुद्री बन्दरगाह क्षेत्र वरिपरि आउने समुद्री लहरलाई [[सुनामी]] भनिन्छ। यस्ता समुद्री लहरहरू सयौँ किलोमिटर चौडाइमा फैलिने गर्दछन् भने लहरहरूको माथिल्लोदेखि तल्लो भागसम्मको दूरी सयौँ किलोमिटरसम्म पनि पुग्न सक्दछ।<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/tsunami|title=tsunami|work=Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English|publisher=Longman|access-date=19 August 2019}}</ref> यस्ता समुद्री लहरहरू बन्दरगाह नजिक आउँदा तल्लो भागले जमीन नजिक आउँछ भने यसको बहाव गतिमा कम हुँदै उचाइ बढ्दै जान्छ। यस्तो स्थितिमा जब यी लहरहरू किनारामा ठोकिन्छन् तब यसले विनाश निम्त्याउ सक्छ। यस्ता समुद्री लहरहरूको गति ४०० किलोमिटर प्रति घण्टा र उचाइ १० देखि १७ मिटरसम्म पुग्न सक्छ। धेरै जसो समुद्री भूकम्पको कारणले यस्ता विशाल लहरहरू उत्पन्न हुन जान्छ।<ref>{{cite journal|title=When icebergs capsize, tsunamis may ensue|url=http://blogs.nature.com/barbaraferreira/2011/04/17/when-icebergs-capsize|author=Barbara Ferreira|date=April 17, 2011|journal=Nature journal|access-date=2011-04-27|archive-date=2011-11-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111104140755/http://blogs.nature.com/barbaraferreira/2011/04/17/when-icebergs-capsize|url-status=}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225171808/http://blogs.nature.com/barbaraferreira/2011/04/17/when-icebergs-capsize |date=2018-12-25 }}</ref> == चरम मौसमी अवस्थाका कारणले निम्त्याउने प्रकोपहरू == === तातो र सुख्खा अवस्था === ==== ग्रीष्मलहर ==== [[ग्रीष्मलहर]] एक मौसम शब्द हो जुन हावाको अत्यधिक तातो अवस्थाको वर्णन गर्न प्रयोग गरिन्छ। यदि कुनै ठाउँमा तापक्रम लामो समयसम्म बढ्दै जान्छ र त्यसको साथमा आर्द्रता पनि वृद्धि हुन्छ भने त्यसलाई ग्रीष्मलहर भनिन्छ। यसको अर्थ तातो मौसममा हुने भिन्नतामा मात्र सिमित नभई यसले छोटो समयावधिमा हुने असामान्य ताप वृद्धिलाई बुझाउँछ।<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/heatwave |title=Heatwave – noun – Definition |publisher=gcunoxfohoarnersdictionaries.com}}</ref> सन् २००३ को युरोपेली गृष्मलहर इतिहासकै सबैभन्दा खराब गृष्मलहर थियो। [[अस्ट्रेलिया]]को भिक्टोरियामा यस्तो लहरले सन् २००९ मा भीषण [[डढेलो]] निम्त्याएको थियो। मेलबोर्नमा लगातार तीन दिनसम्म ४० डिग्री सेल्सियस भन्दा बढी तापक्रमको अनुभव गरिँदा यस वरपरका क्षेत्रहरू उच्च तापमानबाट गुज्रिरहेका थिए। सन् २०१० को [[उत्तरी गोलार्ध]]को [[ग्रीष्म ऋतु]]मा भीषण ग्रीष्मलहर चल्दा यसले दुई हजार भन्दा बढी मानिसहरू ज्यान लिएको थियो।<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1175/1520-0450(2001)040<0762:OTDOAH>2.0.CO;2 |year=2001 |volume=40 |issue=4 |pages=762–775 |title=On the Definition of a Heat Wave |journal=Journal of Applied Meteorology |last1=Robinson |first1=Peter J |bibcode=2001JApMe..40..762R |doi-access=free }}</ref> उच्च तापक्रमका कारण डढेलोका सयौँ घटनाहरू घटेका थिए जसले व्यापक वायु प्रदूषण निम्त्याउँदै हजारौँ वर्ग किलोमिटरसम्म डढेलो लागेको थियो। भीषण ग्रीष्मलहरले बालीनालीमा व्यापक क्षति पुर्‍याउँदछ भने हाइपरथर्मियाका कारण कयौँ मानिसहरूको पनि मृत्यु हुनसक्छ। खडेरीग्रस्त क्षेत्रमा डढेलोको जोखिम बढ्नुका साथै वातानुकूलन प्रणालीको उच्चतक प्रयोगले विद्युत् कटौती हुनसक्छ। यस्ता खाले लहरहरूबाट बच्न पूर्वानुमान प्रयोग गरी सावधानी अपनाउन सकिन्छ।<ref name="IPCC6AR_ExtremeEvents">{{cite book |title=Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis |publisher=Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change |year=2021 |pages=8–10 }}</ref><ref>Thompson, Andrea, [https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/this-summers-record-breaking-heat-waves-would-not-have-happened-without-climate-change/ "This Summer’s Record-Breaking Heat Waves Would Not Have Happened without Climate Change"], ''Scientific American'' 25 July 2023</ref> ==== खडेरी ==== {{multiple image | perrow = 2 | total_width = 350 | image1 = Lac de l'Entonnoir - img 49473.jpg | alt1 = xxx | image2 = Oxfam East Africa - SomalilandDrought016.jpg | alt2 = xxx | image3 = Corn shows the affect of drought.jpg | alt3 = xxx | image4 = Orroral Valley Fire viewed from Tuggeranong January 2020.jpg | alt4 = xxx | footer = खडेरीले ठूलो क्षति निम्त्याउन सक्छ भने यो प्रायः जलचक्रमा जलवायु परिवर्तनको प्रभावले झन् खराब हुँदै जान्झ: फ्रान्समा सुक्खा नदीको किनार; खडेरीको कारण सोमालील्यान्डमा बालुवाको आँधी; खडेरीले टेक्ससमा कृषिमा नकारात्मक प्रभाव पारेको दृश्य; खडेरी र उच्च तापक्रमका कारण सन् २०२० मा अस्ट्रेलियामा लागेको डढेलो। }} [[खडेरी]] शब्दले सामान्यभन्दा सुख्खा अवस्थालाई जनाउँछ।  खडेरी [[दिन]], [[महिना]] वा [[वर्ष|वर्षौँ]]सम्म पनि चलिरहन सक्छ। खडेरीले प्रायः प्रभावित क्षेत्रको [[पारिस्थितिक प्रणाली]] र [[कृषि]]मा ठूलो प्रभाव पार्दै स्थानीय अर्थव्यवस्थामा पनि क्षति पुर्‍याउन सक्छ। उष्णकटिबन्धीय क्षेत्रमा [[वर्षा ऋतु]] अघिको सुख्खा मौसमले खडेरीको सम्भावनामा उल्लेखनीय रूपमा वृद्धि गर्दा यसले डढेलोको जोखिम पनि बढाउन सक्छ। ग्रीष्मलहरले [[वाष्पीकरण]] बढाएर खडेरीको अवधिलाई बढाउँछ यसले वन तथा अन्य वनस्पतिहरूलाई पनि सुकाउँदा [[डढेलो]] निम्तिन सक्छ।<ref>{{cite web |title=Billion-Dollar Weather and Climate Disasters: Events &#124; National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) |url=http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/billions/events |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140401025100/http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/billions/events |archive-date=2014-04-01 |access-date=2015-03-20 |website=www.ncdc.noaa.gov}}</ref> सन् १९९७ देखि २००९ सम्म [[अस्ट्रेलिया]]मा चलेको खडेरीले देशको अधिकांश भागमा पानी आपूर्तिको सङ्कट निम्त्याएको थियो। सन् २०११ मा [[टेक्सस|टेक्सस राज्य]] पूरै वर्ष भरी खडेरी आपतकालीन घोषणाको अधीनमा रहँदा उक्त राज्यले गम्भीर [[आर्थिक सङ्कटहरूको सूची|आर्थिक क्षति]] बेहोर्नुपरेको थियो। खडेरीको आर्थिक प्रभावहरूमा मानिसहरूका लागि [[पानी]]को आपूर्तिमा अवरोध, कम कृषि उत्पादकत्व र अधिक महँगो खाद्य उत्पादन समावेश छ। यसको अर्को असर भनेको सिँचाइ वा [[जलविद्युत]]का लागि पानीको अभाव हो। अत्याधिक ग्रीष्मलहरमा सामाजिक र [[स्वास्थ्य]] लागत बढ्नु, उच्च खाद्य लागत, कृषिमा कम उत्पादकत्वका कारण हुने तनाव, पानीको अभाव र प्रत्यक्ष सम्पर्कमा रहेका मानिसहरूको स्वास्थ्यमा नकारात्मक प्रभाव समावेश छ। लामो समयको खडेरीका कारण ठूलो सङ्ख्यामा [[बसाइँ सराई|बसाइँसराइ]] र मानवीय सङ्कट उत्पन्न हुनसक्छ।<ref name="Stanke">{{cite journal |last1=Stanke |first1=C |last2=Kerac |first2=M |last3=Prudhomme |first3=C |last4=Medlock |first4=J |last5=Murray |first5=V |title=Health effects of drought: a systematic review of the evidence. |journal=PLOS Currents |date=5 June 2013 |volume=5 |doi=10.1371/currents.dis.7a2cee9e980f91ad7697b570bcc4b004 |pmid=23787891 |pmc=3682759 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Bellizzi |first1=Saverio |last2=Lane |first2=Chris |last3=Elhakim |first3=Mohamed |last4=Nabeth |first4=Pierre |title=Health consequences of drought in the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region: hotspot areas and needed actions |journal=Environmental Health |date=12 November 2020 |volume=19 |issue=1 |pages=114 |doi=10.1186/s12940-020-00665-z |issn=1476-069X |doi-access=free |pmid=33183302 |pmc=7659048 |bibcode=2020EnvHe..19..114B }}</ref> ==== डढेलो ==== [[चित्र:The Rim Fire in the Stanislaus National Forest near in California began on Aug. 17, 2013-0004.jpg |thumb|right|250px|[[क्यालिफोर्निया]]को योसेमाइट राष्ट्रिय निकुञ्ज नजिकै लागेको डढेलो।]] [[डढेलो]] वा वन जङ्गलका लाग्ने आगो जङ्गलको दहनशील वनस्पति भएको एक क्षेत्रबाट सुरु हुने अनियोजित, अनावश्यक, अनियन्त्रित [[आगो]] हो। मुख्यरूपमा ग्रीष्मकालीन तातो हावाको लहर, सतहको [[माटो]]मा [[पानी]]को कमी र आद्रता न्यून भएको समयमा डढेलो लाग्ने सम्भवाना अत्यधिक हुन्छ।<ref name="CIFFC Glossary2">{{cite web |title=CIFFC Canadian Wildland Fire Management Glossary |url=https://www.ciffc.ca/sites/default/files/2019-03/CIFFC_Canadian_Wildland_Fire_Mgmt_Glossary_2017_10_24.pdf |access-date=16 August 2019 |website=Canadian Interagency Forest Fire Centre }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230610215038/https://www.ciffc.ca/sites/default/files/2019-03/CIFFC_Canadian_Wildland_Fire_Mgmt_Glossary_2017_10_24.pdf |date=10 June 2023 }}</ref> [[जङ्गल]] क्षेत्रभित्र रहेका रुखविरुवा तथा पातपतिङ्गर सुकेको अवस्थामा रहनुले डढेलोको जोखिमलाई बढाउने गर्दछ। डढेलो प्राकृतिक कारणहरू जस्तै आकाशीय [[चट्याङ]] खसेर वा प्राकृतिक रूपले वनजङ्गलमा उत्पन्न घर्षणको कारणले लाग्न सक्छ। प्राकृतिक कारणका साथै यो मानव निर्मित समेत हुन सक्छ। डढेलो लाग्ने कारणको सर्वेक्षणको तथ्याङ्क अनुसार ५० प्रतिशत भन्दा बढी डढेलो मानिसको लापरवाही, असावधानी तथा नियतवश गरिने गरिएको पाइएको छ। एक पटक आगोको झिल्का वनक्षेत्र भित्र रहेको सुकेको झाङमा लागेपछि उग्र भएर आगो हावाको प्रभावमा तीव्र गतिले फैल्ने गर्छ।<ref name="Cbbcco.uk2">{{Cite web |title=Forest fire videos – See how fire started on Earth |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/fire/earth/natural_disasters/forest_fire |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016185535/http://www.bbc.co.uk/science/earth/natural_disasters/forest_fire |archive-date=16 October 2015 |access-date=2016-02-13 |work=BBC Earth}}</ref> डढेलो अन्य आगलागीभन्दा भिन्न प्रकृतिको हुने गर्दछ, जसको कारण यसको विशाल आकार, यसको उद्गम स्थानदेखि आगो फैलिने गति र यसको दिशा परिवर्तन वा खाली ठाउँ जस्तै सडक, नदी आदिलाई उछिनेर अगाडि बढ्न सक्ने क्षमता हो।<ref name="Fire Tree Mortality2222">{{cite web |title=Drought, Tree Mortality, and Wildfire in Forests Adapted to Frequent Fire |url=https://nature.berkeley.edu/stephenslab/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/Stephens-et-al.-Fire-Tree-Mortality-BioSci-2018.pdf |access-date=15 March 2022 |website=UC Berkeley College of Natural Resources}}</ref> ==== आँधीबेहरी ==== ==== उष्णकटिबन्धीय चक्रवात ==== तुफान, उष्णकटिबन्धीय आँधी, समुद्री लहर, चक्रवात एउटै घटनाका लागि फरक-फरक नामहरू हुन्। ती मध्ये एक उष्णकटिबन्धीय आँधी हो जुन समुद्रमा विकास हुन्छ। यो समुद्रबाट निस्कने वाष्पीकृत पानीका कारण विकसित हुँदै आँधीबेहरीमा परिणत हुन्छ। यसलाई तीव्र हावा, भारी वर्षा र आँधी रूपमा व्याख्या गरिन्छ। यस प्रकारका आँधीहरूका लागि प्रयोग गरिने शब्द आँधी कहाँबाट उत्पन्न भएको हो भन्ने कुराले निर्धारण गर्दछ। आन्ध्र र पूर्वोत्तर प्रशान्तमा ''आँधीबेहरी'', उत्तर पश्चिमी प्रशान्तमा ''प्रचण्ड तुफान'' र दक्षिण प्रशान्त र हिन्द महासागरमा ''चक्रवात''को रूपमा परिचित छ। सन् १९७० को भोला चक्रवात अहिलेसम्मकै सबैभन्दा घातक चक्रवात थियो। सन् १७८० को प्रचण्ड आँधीबेहरीले मार्तिनिक, सेन्ट एस्तारसियस र [[बार्बाडोस]]लाई तहसनहस पारेको थियो। सन् २००५ मा [[संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका]]को गल्फ कोस्टलाई तहसनहस पार्ने अर्को उल्लेखनीय तुफान क्याटरिना हो। मानव-प्रेरित जलवायु परिवर्तनको परिणामको रूपमा आँधीबेहरी अझ तीव्र हुन सक्छ भने यसले भारी वर्षा उत्पन्न गराउन सक्छ। ==== चट्याङ ==== [[चित्र:Thunderstorm over Corfu.jpg|250px|thumb|right|बिजुलीयुक्त चट्याङको एक दृश्य]] [[चट्याङ]], विद्युतीय तुफान वा चट्याङको आँधीको नामले पनि चिनिने यो प्रकोप विद्युतको उपस्थिति र पृथ्वीको वायुमण्डलमा यसको ध्वनिक प्रभाव र मेघगर्जनका साथ आउने एकप्रकारको आँधी हो। तुलनात्मक रूपमा कमजोर चट्याङहरूलाई कहिलेकाहीँ मेघगर्जन पनि भन्ने गरिन्छ। मेघगर्जनकपास जस्तो देखिने बादलको कारणले हुन्छ। यस्ता [[बादल]]हरू सामान्यतया तीव्र बतासले उडाउने खाले, [[वर्षा|भारी वर्षा]] र कहिलेकाहीँ [[हिउँ]], वा असिना उत्पन्न गराउनु गर्दछन् भने तर केही चट्याङले थोरै वर्षा गराउनु गर्दछन्। शक्तिशाली [[चट्याङ]]ले ठूलो [[असिना]], तीव्र बतास र भूमरी लगायतका सबैभन्दा खतरनाक मौसमी घटनाहरू निम्त्याउने गर्दछन्। भीषण आँधीबेहरी, धूलोको बादल र [[ज्वालामुखी|ज्वालामुखी विस्फोटन]]ले पनि चट्याङ उत्पन्न गराउन सक्छ। हावाहुरी, असिना र [[बाढी]]जस्ता [[आँधीबेहरी]]बाट हुने क्षतिबाहेक चट्याङले [[भवन]]हरूलाई क्षति पुऱ्याउने लगायत [[आगो]] सल्काउने र प्रत्यक्ष सम्पर्कमा रहेकाहरूको ज्यान लिन पनि सक्छ। विशेषगरी सन् २००७ मा [[पाकिस्तान]]को उत्तर–पश्चिमी क्षेत्रको एक दुर्गम पहाडी गाउँ उसारी दारामा खसेको चट्याङ ३० जनाको ज्यान लिएको थियो।<ref>{{cite news |date=20 July 2007 |title=Lightning kills 30 people in Pakistan's north |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-pakistan-lightning/lightning-kills-30-people-in-pakistans-north-idUSISL17716520070720 |url-status=live |access-date=29 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200404010831/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-pakistan-lightning/lightning-kills-30-people-in-pakistans-north-idUSISL17716520070720 |archive-date=4 April 2020}}</ref> यसैगरी चट्याङका कारण लान्साको उडान ५०८ दुर्घटना हुँदा ९१ जनाको मृत्यु भएको थियो। सन् १९९४ मा इजिप्टको द्रोन्कामा चट्याङलागेर ४६९ जनाको मृत्यु भएको थियो।<ref>{{cite web |title=An appraisal of underground gas storage technologies |url=https://www.hse.gov.uk/research/rrhtm/rr605.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201025143802/https://www.hse.gov.uk/research/rrhtm/rr605.htm |archive-date=2020-10-25 |access-date=2020-12-29 |website=Health and Safety Executive }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201025143802/https://www.hse.gov.uk/research/rrhtm/rr605.htm |date=2020-10-25 }}</ref> चट्याङबाट हुने अधिकांश मृत्यु [[संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका|अमेरिका]] र [[एसिया]]का गरिब देशहरूमा हुने गर्दछ।<ref>{{cite news |date=31 July 2015 |title=Deadly lightning strike in Mexico reveals plight of poorest citizens |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jul/31/deadly-lightning-mexico-government-failure |url-status=live |access-date=17 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170106110244/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jul/31/deadly-lightning-mexico-government-failure |archive-date=6 January 2017}}</ref> ==== भूमरी ==== [[चित्र:Union City Oklahoma Tornado (mature).jpg|thumb|upright|right|300px|[[संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका|अमेरिका]]को [[ओक्लाहोमा]] राज्यमा आएको भूमरीको एक दृश्य]] [[भूमरी]] जमीनको सतह र आँधी सहितको [[बादल]]लाई जोडेर घुम्दै बनेको सोली आकारको वा खम्बा आकारको [[हावा]]को हिंस्रक आकृति हो। भूमरी वायुको उच्च चाप तथा निम्न [[चाप]]को कारण सृजना हुने गर्छ। दुई फरक चाप क्षेत्रका सन्तृप्त वायुहरू आपसमा सङ्कुचन हुँदा वायु जोडसँग वृत्त आकारमा घुम्दछ। यसरी घुम्दै वायु पृथ्वीको सतहबाट माथितिर उठ्छ जसले ठूलो विनास पनि गर्दछ। कतिपय क्षेत्रमा भूमरीले ठूलो वर्षा पनि गराउँछ। ठूलो भूमरीमा हावाको गति १७७ किलोमिटर प्रतिघण्टा र चौडाइ ७५ मिटर हुन्छ। यस्ता खतरनाक भूमरीहरू तीव्र गतिमा फैलनुअघि धेरै [[किलोमिटर]] यात्रा गर्न सक्छन्। अधिक शक्तिशाली भूमरीमा हावाको गति ४८० किलोमिटर भन्दा बढी हुन्छ र १.६ किलोमिटर भन्दा अग्लो हुन्छ सक्छ। यस्ता भूमरीहरूले १०० किलोमिटरभन्दा बढीको दूरीसम्म फैलिन सक्छ।<ref name="fastest wind">{{cite web |author=Wurman, Joshua |date=2008-08-29 |title=Doppler on Wheels |url=http://cswr.org/dow/DOW.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070205124033/http://www.cswr.org/dow/dow.htm |archive-date=2007-02-05 |access-date=2009-12-13 |publisher=Center for Severe Weather Research }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070205124033/http://www.cswr.org/dow/dow.htm |date=2007-02-05 }}</ref><ref name="widest tornado">{{cite web |date=2005-10-02 |title=Hallam Nebraska Tornado |url=http://www.crh.noaa.gov/oax/archive/hallam/hallam.php |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140820095200/http://www.crh.noaa.gov/oax/archive/hallam/hallam.php |archive-date=2014-08-20 |access-date=2009-11-15 |work=National Weather Service |publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration}}</ref><ref name="SPC FAQ">{{cite web |author=Roger Edwards |date=2006-04-04 |title=The Online Tornado FAQ |url=http://www.spc.ncep.noaa.gov/faq/tornado/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060929185156/http://www.spc.ncep.noaa.gov/faq/tornado/ |archive-date=2006-09-29 |access-date=2006-09-08 |work=National Weather Service |publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060929185156/http://www.spc.ncep.noaa.gov/faq/tornado/ |date=2006-09-29 }}</ref> == असरहरू == [[चित्र:Number-of-deaths-from-natural-disasters.png|thumb|प्राकृतिक प्रकोपबाट विश्वव्यापी मृत्युदर (सन् १९००–२०२२)]] [[चित्र:Damage-costs-from-natural-disasters.png|thumb|प्राकृतिक प्रकोपबाट विश्वव्यापी क्षति (सन् १९८०–२०२२)]] प्राकृतिक प्रकोपले जनधनको क्षति, चोटपटक वा अन्य स्वास्थ्य प्रभाव, सम्पत्ति क्षति, जीविकोपार्जन र सेवाहरूमा अवरोध, सामाजिक र आर्थिक व्यवधान तथा वातावरणीय क्षति पुर्‍याउन सक्छ। [[भुईँचालो|भूकम्प]], [[पहिरो]], [[ज्वालामुखी|ज्वालामुखी विस्फोट]], [[बाढी]], चक्रवात, [[आँधीबेहरी]], हिमआँधी, [[सुनामी]], [[शीतलहर]], [[डढेलो]] र [[महामारी]] जस्ता विभिन्न प्राकृतिक घटनाहरूले प्रत्येक वर्ष हजारौँ मानिसहरूको ज्यान लिने र अरबौँको सम्पत्ति नष्ट तथा बासस्थानमा क्षति पुर्‍याउन गर्दछ।<ref name=":02">{{Cite journal |last1=Cueto |first1=Lavinia Javier |last2=Agaton |first2=Casper Boongaling |year=2021 |title=Pandemic and Typhoon: Positive Impacts of a Double Disaster on Mental Health of Female Students in the Philippines |journal=Behavioral Sciences |language=en |volume=11 |issue=5 |pages=64 |doi=10.3390/bs11050064 |pmc=8147095 |pmid=33946801 |doi-access=free}}</ref> तथापि, विश्वभर तीव्र रूपमा वृद्धि हुँदै गइरहेको [[जनसङ्ख्या]] र यसले सिर्जना गरेको प्रतिकूल वातावरणको बढ्दो एकाग्रताले प्रकोपको आवृत्ति र गम्भीरता दुवै बढाएको छ। भवन निर्माण, [[पूर्वाधार]] र [[चिकित्सा शास्त्र|चिकित्सा सुविधा]]को गुणस्तरमा कमीका कारण कमजोर र [[अल्पविकसित देश]]हरूमा प्राकृतिक प्रकोपबाट हुने [[मृत्युदर]] अन्यको तुलनामा सबैभन्दा बढी छ। विश्वव्यापी रूपमा [[देश]]हरूको बढ्दो विकास, प्राकृतिक प्रकोपको पूर्पतयारी, गुणस्तरीय [[शिक्षा]] र अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय संस्थाहरूको सहयोगका कारण विगत १०० वर्षमा प्राकृतिक प्रकोपबाट हुने मृत्युको कुल सङ्ख्या मा ७५ प्रतिशतले कमी आएको छ। यही समयावधिमा विश्वको [[जनसङ्ख्या वृद्धि]] भई प्रतिव्यक्ति मृत्युदरमा पनि ठूलो कमी आएको छ।<ref name="Rosling2018">{{cite book | last1=Rosling | first1=H. | last2=Rosling | first2=O. | last3=Rönnlund | first3=A.R. | title=Factfulness: Ten Reasons We're Wrong About the World – and Why Things Are Better Than You Think | publisher=Flatiron Books | year=2018 | isbn=978-1-250-10781-7 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fpZNDwAAQBAJ | pages=107–109, 299–325}}</ref> === वातावरणमा असर === प्राकृतिक प्रकोप र सशस्त्र द्वन्द्वजस्ता आपतकालीन अवस्थामा बढी फोहर उत्पादन हुन सक्ने भएकाले यस्तो अवस्थामा अन्य सेवाको तुलनामा फोहरमैला व्यवस्थापनलाई कम प्राथमिकता दिइन्छ। विद्यमान फोहरमैला व्यवस्थापन सेवा र पूर्वाधारहरू अवरुद्ध हुनसक्ने भएकाले समुदायहरू अव्यवस्थित फोहर र बढ्दो फोहरको चपेटामा पर्न सक्छन्। यस्तो अवस्थामा मानव स्वास्थ्य र वातावरणमा प्रायः नकारात्मक असर पर्न जान्छ।<ref name="UNEP">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2021-10-21 |title=Drowning in Plastics – Marine Litter and Plastic Waste Vital Graphics |url=http://www.unep.org/resources/report/drowning-plastics-marine-litter-and-plastic-waste-vital-graphics |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220321122658/https://www.unep.org/resources/report/drowning-plastics-marine-litter-and-plastic-waste-vital-graphics |archive-date=2022-03-21 |access-date=2022-03-23 |website=UNEP – UN Environment Programme |language=en}}</ref> [[भुईँचालो|भूकम्प]], [[सुनामी]] र [[आँधीबेहरी]] जस्ता प्राकृतिक प्रकोपहरूले छोटो अवधिमा ठूलो मात्रामा फोहोर उत्पन्न गर्ने क्षमता राख्दछ। आपतकालीन अवस्थामा फोहोरमैला व्यवस्थापन प्रणालीहरू कार्यबाट बाहिर हुन सक्ने वा कटौती गर्न सकिने भएकाले यस प्रणालीलाई पुनर्स्थापना गर्न पर्याप्त समय र धनको आवश्यकता पर्न जान्छ। उदाहरणका लागि, सन् २०११ मा जापानमा आएको सुनामीले ठूलो मात्रामा भग्नावशेष र फोहोरहरू उत्पन्न गराएको थियो। यस अवधिमा जापानी वातावरण मन्त्रालयले ५० लाख टन फोहोर जम्मा भएको अनुमान गरेको थियो। सोही वर्षको अन्त्यतिर बाँकी रहेका प्लास्टिकजन्य फोहोरहरू [[क्यानडा]] र [[संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका]]को तटीय क्षेत्रमा बगाएर ल्याएको थियो। संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिकाको पश्चिमी तटमा यसले फोहोरको मात्रा तीव्र रूपमा बढाउँदै विदेशी प्रजातिहरूलाई समेत त्यहाँ ल्याइ पुर्‍याएको हुनसक्ने अनुमान गरिएको थियो। सन् २०२० मा लोएटअलद्वारा गरिएको एक अध्ययनले सन् २०१८ मा [[हङकङ]]मा आएको [[आँधी]]पछि गरिएको सर्वेक्षणमा [[तट|समुद्र तट]]मा माइक्रोप्लास्टिक्सको मात्रा १०० प्रतिशतले वृद्धि भएको जनाएको थियो।<ref name="UNEP" /> प्राकृतिक प्रकोप पछिको राहत कार्यको क्रममा ठूलो मात्रामा [[प्लास्टिक]]जन्य फोहर उत्पादन हुन सक्छ। [[हाइटी]]मा सन् २०१० मा गएको भूकम्पपछि राहत कार्यबाट निस्कने फोहोरलाई "दोस्रो विपत्ति" भनिएको थियो। संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिकाको सेनाले लाखौँ पानीका बोतलहरू र खाद्य प्याकेजहरू वितरण गरेको तथ्याङ्क आएको भएतापनि त्यहाँ फोहोरमैला व्यवस्थापनका पहल भएको थिएन। विस्थापित मानिसहरूका लागि आपतकालीन आश्रयस्थलका लागि सात लाखभन्दा बढी प्लास्टिक त्रिपाल र एक लाख टेन्ट आवश्यक पर्न गएको थियो। यस अवधिमा प्लास्टिकजन्य फोहोरको मात्रामा वृद्धि हुँदासम्म पनि फोहोरमैला व्यवस्थापनमा पनि खासै ध्यान दिइएको थिएन जसकारण ढलहरू अवरुद्ध हुँदा यसले रोगको जोखिमलाई बढाएको थियो।<ref name="UNEP" /> प्राकृतिक प्रकोपपछि द्वन्द्वका कारण समुदायहरू ठूलो मात्रामा विस्थापन हुन सक्छन्। यस्तो अवस्थाबाट गुज्रिरहेका मानिसहरूलाई प्रायः न्यूनतम फोहोर व्यवस्थापन सुविधाहरू प्रदान गरिन्छ। प्लास्टिक लगायत अन्य मिश्रित फोहोरमैला व्यवस्थापनका लागि फोहोरहरूलाई आगो लगाउने गरेको पाइन्छ जसकारण वायु प्रदूषणले श्वासप्रश्वास र अन्य रोगहरू निम्त्याउन सक्छ। उदाहरणका लागि, सहरावी शरणार्थीहरू [[अल्जेरिया]]को टिन्डाउफ नजिकैका पाँच शरणार्थी शिविरमा लगभग ५० वर्षदेखि बसिरहेका छन्। फोहोरमैला सङ्कलन गर्ने सेवाको अभाव र पुनःप्रयोग सुविधा नहुँदा शिविरका सडक र वरपरका क्षेत्रमा [[प्लास्टिक]]जन्य फोहोरको थुप्रो जताततै देखिएको थियो। यसको विपरीत, [[सिरिया]]बाट आएका [[शरणार्थी]]हरूका लागि [[जोर्डन]]को अजराक शिविरमा फोहोर व्यवस्थापन सेवाहरू मध्ये दैनिक उत्पादन हुने २०.७ टन फोहोरमध्ये १५ प्रतिशत पुनःप्रयोग गर्न योग्य छन्।<ref name="UNEP" /> === कमजोर समूहहरूमा असर === संसारका धेरै ठाउँको सामाजिक, राजनीतिक र साँस्कृतिक अवस्थाका कारण महिलाहरू प्रायः विपत्तिबाट असमान रूपमा प्रभावित हुन्छन्। सन् २००४ को हिन्द महासागरमा आएको सुनामीमा पुरुषको तुलनामा महिलाको मृत्यु धेरै भएको थियो।<ref name="pmid21629495">{{cite journal |last1=Nour |first1=Nawal N |date=2011 |title=Maternal Health Considerations During Disaster Relief |journal=Reviews in Obstetrics and Gynecology |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=22–27 |pmc=3100103 |pmid=21629495}}</ref> प्रायः महिलाहरूले पौडी खेल्न नजान्ने भएकाले पुरुषको तुलनामा महिलाहरूको मृत्यु बढी भएको तथ्य उजागर भएको थियो।<ref name="pmid21629495" /> प्राकृतिक प्रकोपको समयमा र त्यसपछिको पुनर्स्थापना प्रक्रियामा महिलाहरू लैङ्गिक हिंसाबाट प्रभावित हुने र यौन हिंसाको चपेटामा पर्ने खतरा बढी हुन्छ। प्रहरी परिचालन र कार्यान्वयनमा बाधा, फितलो नियम र विस्थापनले लैङ्गिक हिंसा र यौन दुर्ववहारको जोखिम बढाउँदछ।<ref name="pmid21629495" /> यौन हिंसाबाट प्रभावित महिलाहरूमा यौन संचारित सङ्क्रमण, शारीरिक चोटपटक र दीर्घकालीन मनोवैज्ञानिक असरको जोखिम उल्लेखनीय रूपमा बढेको छ। यी सबै दीर्घकालीन स्वास्थ्य परिणामहरूले पुनर्प्राप्ति अवधि पछि सामाजिक पुनर्मिलनमा बाधा पुर्‍याउन सक्छ।<ref name="pmid21629495" /> == बहु-खतरा विश्लेषण == माथि उल्लिखित प्रत्येक प्राकृतिक प्रकोपहरूले प्रभाव पार्ने क्षेत्र, खतराको आवृत्ति, दोहोरिनसक्ने अवधि, तीव्रता र प्रभावको सन्दर्भमा छुट्टाछुट्टै विशेषताहरू रहेका छन्। यी जटिलताहरूको परिणामस्वरूप "एकल-खतरा" आँकलन सामान्य बन्दछन् जहाँ एक विशेष खतरा प्रकारबाट खतरा क्षमता सीमित हुन्छ। यी उदाहरणहरूमा खतराहरूलाई प्रायः पृथक वा स्वतन्त्र रूपमा मापन र अध्ययन गर्ने गरिन्छ। ती मध्ये बहु खतरा विश्लेषण एक दृष्टिकोण हो जसले सबै सम्भावित प्राकृतिक प्रकोप र ती प्रकोपहरू बीचको अन्तरक्रिया वा अन्तरसम्बन्धहरू पहिचान गर्न खोज्दछ।<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kappes |first1=Melanie S. |last2=Keiler |first2=Margreth |last3=von Elverfeldt |first3=Kirsten |last4=Glade |first4=Thomas |year=2012 |title=Challenges of analyzing multi-hazard risk: a review |url=https://boris.unibe.ch/17542/1/Kappes2012_Article_ChallengesOfAnalyzingMulti-haz.pdf |journal=Natural Hazards |volume=64 |issue=2 |pages=1925–1958 |doi=10.1007/s11069-012-0294-2 |bibcode=2012NatHa..64.1925K |s2cid=108636952}}</ref><ref name="Gilletal2014">{{cite journal |last1=Gill |first1=Joel C. |last2=Malamud |first2=Bruce D. |date=December 2014 |title=Reviewing and visualizing the interactions of natural hazards |url=https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/reviewing-and-visualizing-the-interactions-of-natural-hazards(614b146d-63d1-48a0-944a-e87a4a6ed464).html |journal=[[Reviews of Geophysics]] |volume=52 |issue=4 |pages=680–722 |bibcode=2014RvGeo..52..680G |doi=10.1002/2013RG000445 |doi-access=free}}</ref> == सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू == {{सन्दर्भसूची}} == बाह्य कडीहरू == {{Wikiquote|Natural disasters|प्राकृतिक प्रकोप}} {{कमन्सश्रेणी}} * {{cite web | url=http://go.worldbank.org/BCQUXRXOW0 | archive-url=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20100409011106/http://go.worldbank.org/BCQUXRXOW0 | url-status= | archive-date=2010-04-09 | title= विश्व बैङ्कको जोखिम व्यवस्थापन | publisher= [[विश्व बैङ्क]] | access-date=2007-06-30 }} * {{cite web | url=http://site.ebrary.com/lib/disaster/home.action | title= प्राकृतिक प्रकोप र चरम मौसम। खोजी योग्य सूचना केन्द्र | publisher= इब्रेरी }} [[श्रेणी:प्राकृतिक प्रकोपहरू]] hdfoobmd1m1qaiez1nyalfqycnli4qp 0 140906 1354825 1333804 2026-05-10T12:56:15Z Bishaldev100 28807 /* अधिकृत */ 1354825 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox military unit | unit_name = United States Army | image = [[File:Military service mark of the United States Army.svg|frameless]] <br />Official seal of the United States Army<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.defense.gov/Portals/1/Documents/Trademarks/DOD%20Guide%20about%20use%20of%20seals%20logos%20insignia%20medals-16%20Oct%2015F.PDF|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160405154729/http://www.defense.gov/Portals/1/Documents/Trademarks/DOD%20Guide%20about%20use%20of%20seals%20logos%20insignia%20medals-16%20Oct%2015F.PDF|url-status=dead|archive-date=5 April 2016|title=Important Information and Guidelines About the Use of Department of Defense Seals, Logos, Insignia, and Service Medals|date=16 October 2015|page=2|access-date=5 April 2016|publisher=United States Department of Defense}}</ref> <br />[[File:Logo of the United States Army 2023.svg|frameless|upright=1.00]] <br />Wordmark<ref>{{cite web |work=US Army |url=https://www.army.mil/article/264594/new_army_brand_redefines_be_all_you_can_be_for_a_new_generation |date=8 March 2023 |title=New Army brand redefines 'Be All You Can Be' for a new generation }}</ref> | start_date = {{start date|1775|06|14|df=yes}}{{Efn|As the [[Continental Army]].}} <br />({{Age in years and months|1775|06|14}} पहिले)<ref>{{cite book|last=Wright, Jr.|first=Robert K.|title=The Continental Army (Army Lineage Series)|year=1983|publisher=Center of Military History, United States Army|location=Washington, D.C.|isbn=9780160019319|url=http://www.history.army.mil/books/RevWar/ContArmy/CA-fm.htm|oclc=8806011|access-date=30 October 2013|archive-date=9 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191009065615/https://history.army.mil/books/RevWar/ContArmy/CA-fm.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Maass|first=John R.|url=http://www.history.army.mil/html/faq/birth.html|title=June 14th: The Birthday of the U.S. Army|publisher=U.S. Army Center of Military History|access-date=30 October 2013|archive-date=1 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181001214256/https://history.army.mil/html/faq/birth.html|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181001214256/https://history.army.mil/html/faq/birth.html |date=1 October 2018 }}</ref> | dates = 14 June 1775–1783 (as [[Continental Army]]) <br /> 1792–1796 as [[Legion of the United States]] <br /> 1796–present as United States Army | country = {{Flagu|United States}} | type = [[सेना]] | role = स्थल | size = {{ubl|452,689 active duty personnel<ref>{{cite web |title=Defense Manpower Data Center- Monthly Strength Summary |url=https://dwp.dmdc.osd.mil/dwp/api/download?fileName=ms0_2307.pdf&groupName=milTop |work=[[Defense Manpower Data Center]] |access-date=14 September 2023 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004043045/https://dwp.dmdc.osd.mil/dwp/api/download?fileName=ms0_2307.pdf&groupName=milTop |date=4 October 2023 }}</ref> | 325,218 [[Army National Guard]] personnel | 176,968 [[United States Army Reserves|Army Reserve]] personnel<ref>{{cite web |url=https://dwp.dmdc.osd.mil/dwp/api/download?fileName=DRS_42486_SelRes_202307.pdf&groupName=resRankGrade |title=Department of Defense: Selected Reserves by Rank/Grade |date=July 31, 2023 |work=[[Defense Manpower Data Center]] |access-date=14 September 2023 }}</ref> | 1,073,200 total uniformed personnel (official data as of July 31, 2023) | 330,000 civilian personnel<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.goarmy.com/careers-and-jobs/find-your-path/army-civilians.html|title=Army Civilians|website=goarmy.com|access-date=16 June 2023}}</ref> | 4,406 crewed aircraft<ref name="WAF2018">{{cite journal |title=World Air Forces 2018 |journal=Flightglobal |page=17 |url=https://www.flightglobal.com/asset/21905 |access-date=13 June 2018}}</ref> }} | command_structure = [[अमेरिकी सशस्त्र बल]] <br />[[United States Department of the Army|Department of the Army]] | garrison = [[पेन्टागन]] <br />{{nowrap|[[Arlington County, Virginia]], U.S.}} | garrison_label = Headquarters | motto = "This We'll Defend"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.army.mil/about/|title=Who we are: The Army's Vision & Strategy|website=Army.mil|access-date=July 11, 2024}}</ref> | colors = Black, gold and white<ref>{{cite book |title=U.S. Future Combat & Weapon Systems Handbook |first=Ibp |last=Usa |page=15}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=U.S. Army Brand Guide |url=https://www.army.mil/aemo#org-army-brand |access-date=3 Nov 2022}}</ref> <br />{{color box|#030000}}&nbsp;{{color box|#FFD530}}&nbsp;{{color box|#FFFFFF}} | colors_label = Colors | march = "[[The Army Goes Rolling Along]]" {{audio|Army goes rolling along.ogg|Play}} | mascot = [[Army Mules]] | equipment = [[List of equipment of the United States Army|List of U.S. Army equipment]] | battles = {{collapsible list | titlestyle = background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:normal; | title = See list |[[File:Streamer RW.PNG|200px]] <br />[[अमेरिकी क्रान्तिकारी युद्ध|क्रान्तिकारी युद्ध]] <br />[[File:Streamer W1812.PNG|200px]] <br />[[War of 1812]] <br />[[File:Streamer MW.PNG|200px]] <br />[[Mexican–American War]] <br />[[File:Streamer CW.PNG|200px]] <br />[[अमेरिकी गृहयुद्ध|गृहयुद्ध]] <br />[[File:Streamer IW.PNG|200px]] <br />[[American Indian Wars|Indian Wars]] <br />[[File:Streamer SC.PNG|200px]] <br />[[स्पेन अमेरिका युद्ध]] <br />[[File:Streamer CRE.PNG|200px]] <br />[[China Relief Expedition]] <br />[[File:Streamer PC.PNG|200px]] <br />[[Philippine–American War]] <br />[[File:Streamer MS.PNG|200px]] <br />[[Mexican Expedition]] <br />[[File:Streamer WWI V.PNG|200px]] <br />[[पहिलो विश्वयुद्ध]] <br />[[Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War|Russian Civil War]] <br />[[Bonus Army suppression]] <br />[[File:World War II - American Campaign Streamer (Plain).png|200px]] <br />[[File:Streamer APC.PNG|200px]] <br />[[File:European-African-Middle Eastern Campaign Medal streamer.png|200px]] <br />[[दोस्रो विश्व युद्ध]] <br />[[File:Korean Service Medal - Streamer.png|200px]] <br />[[कोरियाली युद्ध]] <br />[[1958 Lebanon crisis]] <br />[[File:Vietnam Service Streamer vector.svg|200px]] <br />[[भियतनाम युद्ध]] <br />[[File:Streamer AFE.PNG|200px]] <br />[[Dominican Civil War]] <br />[[File:Streamer AFE.PNG|200px]] <br />[[Korean DMZ Conflict (1966–1969)|Korean DMZ Conflict]] <br />[[File:Streamer AFE.PNG|200px]] <br />[[US invasion of Grenada|Invasion of Grenada]] <br />[[File:Streamer AFE.PNG|200px]]|[[United States Invasion of Panama|Invasion of Panama]] <br />[[File:Streamer AFE.PNG|200px]] <br />[[Unified Task Force|Somali Civil War]] <br />[[File:Streamer SAS.PNG|200px]] <br />[[Gulf War|Persian Gulf War]] <br />[[File:Streamer KC.PNG|200px]] <br />[[Kosovo War]] <br />[[File:Streamer gwotE.PNG|200px]] <br />[[Global War on Terrorism]] <br />[[File:Streamer AFGCS.PNG|200px]] <br />[[War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)|War in Afghanistan]] <br />[[File:Iraq Campaign streamer.svg|200px]] <br />[[इराक युद्ध]] <br />[[File:Inherent Resolve Campaign streamer.svg|200px]] [[Operation Inherent Resolve]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://quicksearch.dla.mil/qsDocDetails.aspx?ident_number=70415 |title=ASSIST-QuickSearch Document Details |access-date=6 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180207122448/http://quicksearch.dla.mil/qsDocDetails.aspx?ident_number=70415 |archive-date=7 February 2018 |url-status=dead }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180207122448/http://quicksearch.dla.mil/qsDocDetails.aspx?ident_number=70415 |date=7 February 2018 }}</ref> <br />[[Battle of Khasham]] }} | anniversaries = [[U.S. Army Birthdays|Army Birthday]]: 14 June<ref>{{cite web|url=https://history.army.mil/html/faq/birth.html|title=June 14th: The Birthday of the U.S. Army|website=U.S. Army Center of Military History|access-date=February 17, 2024}}</ref> | website = {{ubl|{{URL|www.army.mil|army.mil}}|{{URL|www.goarmy.com|goarmy.com}}}} <!-- Commanders --> | commander1 = {{Flagicon image|Flag of the President of the United States.svg|size=25px}} [[अमेरिकी राष्ट्रपति |राष्ट्रपति]] [[ जो बाइडेन]] | commander1_label = [[कमान्डर-इन-चिफ]] | commander2 = {{Flagicon image|Flag of the United States Secretary of Defense.svg|size=25px}} [[Lloyd Austin]] | commander2_label = सेक्रेटरी अफ डिफेन्स | commander3 = {{Flagicon image|Flag of the United States Secretary of the Army.svg|size=25px}} [[Christine Wormuth]] | commander3_label = सेक्रेटरी अफ आर्मी | commander4 = {{Flagicon image|Flag of the Chief of Staff of the United States Army.svg|size=25px}} [[General (United States)|GEN]] [[Randy A. George]] | commander4_label = चिफ अफ स्टाफ | commander5 = {{Flagicon image|Flag of the Vice Chief of Staff of the United States Army.svg|size=25px}} [[General (United States)|GEN]] [[James J. Mingus]] | commander5_label = [[Vice Chief of Staff of the United States Army|Vice Chief of Staff]] | commander6 = {{Flagicon image|Flag of the Sergeant Major of the United States Army.svg|size=25px}} [[Sergeant Major of the Army|SMA]] [[Michael R. Weimer]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dvidshub.net/webcast/32423|title=Webcast: Relinquishment of Responsibility for GEN James McConville / Change of Responsibility SMA Michael Grinston|access-date=2023-07-28|website=DVIDS}}</ref> | commander6_label = [[Sergeant Major of the Army]] | notable_commanders = <!-- Insignia --> | identification_symbol = [[File:Flag of the United States Army (official proportions).svg|border|150px]] | identification_symbol_label = [[Flag of the United States Army|Flag]] | identification_symbol_2 = [[File:Field flag of the United States Army.svg|border|150px]] | identification_symbol_2_label = Field flag{{Efn|Adopted in 1962.}} }}'''संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिकी सेना''' [[अमेरिकी सशस्त्र बल|संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका सशस्त्र बल]] को स्थल सेना सेवा शाखा हो। यो आठ अमेरिकी वर्दीधारी सेवाहरू मध्ये एक हो, र यसलाई [[संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिकाको संविधान|अमेरिकी संविधान]]मा [[संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका|संयुक्त राज्यको]] सेनाको रूपमा तोकिएको छ। <ref name="Constitution">Article II, section 2, clause 1 of the [[United States Constitution]] (1789). <br /></ref> सेना अमेरिकी सैन्य सेवाको सबैभन्दा पुरानो शाखा र सबैभन्दा वरिष्ठ हो। <ref>{{Cite web |date=31 October 1977 |title=Department of Defense Directive 1005.8 |url=https://permanent.access.gpo.gov/websites/dodandmilitaryejournals/www.dtic.mil/whs/directives/corres/html2/d10058x.htm |access-date=7 July 2017 |website=Permanent.access.gpo.gov}}</ref> यसको इतिहास कन्टिनेन्टल आर्मीमा छ, यसको गठन १४ जुन १७७५ मा [[अमेरिकी क्रान्तिकारी युद्ध]] (१७७५-१७८३ ) को समयमा स्वतन्त्रताको लागि ब्रिटिश विरुद्ध लड्न गरिएको थियो। <ref name="Army_birth" /> क्रान्तिकारी युद्ध पछि, कन्फेडेरेसनको कांग्रेसले ३ जुन १७८४ मा विघटित महाद्वीपीय सेनालाई प्रतिस्थापन गर्न संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिकी सेना सिर्जना गर्यो। <ref name="Army_LOC">Library of Congress, [http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=lljc&fileName=027/lljc027.db&recNum=166&itemLink=r%3Fammem%2Fhlaw%3A@field%28DOCID%2B@lit%28jc0271%29%29%230270001&linkText=1 Journals of the Continental Congress, Volume 27]</ref> संयुक्त राज्य सेनाले आफूलाई कन्टिनेन्टल आर्मी (महाद्वीपीय सेना)को निरन्तरता मान्छ, र यसैले यसको संस्थागत स्थापनालाई १७७५ मा त्यो सशस्त्र बलको उत्पत्ति मान्दछ <ref name="Army_birth">{{Cite web |title=14 June: The Birthday of the U.S. Army |url=http://www.history.army.mil/html/faq/birth.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181001214256/https://history.army.mil/html/faq/birth.html |archive-date=1 October 2018 |access-date=1 July 2011 |publisher=[[United States Army Center of Military History]] }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181001214256/https://history.army.mil/html/faq/birth.html |date=1 October 2018 }}</ref> == मिशन == संयुक्त राज्य सेनाले [[अमेरिकी सशस्त्र बल|अमेरिकी सशस्त्र बलको]] भूमि-आधारित शाखाको रूपमा सेवा गर्दछ। [https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/10/7062 अध्याय १० को खण्ड ७०६२, यूएस कोडले] सेनाको उद्देश्यलाई निम्न रूपमा परिभाषित गर्दछ: <ref>DA Pamphlet 10–1 ''Organization of the United States Army''; Figure 1.2 ''Military Operations''.</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=10 USC 3062: Policy; composition; organized peace establishment |url=http://uscodebeta.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title10-section3062&num=0&edition=prelim |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131005010612/http://uscodebeta.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title10-section3062&num=0&edition=prelim |archive-date=5 October 2013 |access-date=21 August 2013 |publisher=U.S. House of Representatives }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131005010612/http://uscodebeta.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title10-section3062&num=0&edition=prelim |date=5 October 2013 }}</ref> * शान्ति र सुरक्षाको संरक्षण र संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका, राष्ट्रमंडल र सम्पत्ति, र संयुक्त राज्यले कब्जा गरेको कुनै पनि क्षेत्रको रक्षाको लागि प्रदान गर्ने * राष्ट्रिय नीतिहरूलाई समर्थन गर्ने * राष्ट्रिय उद्देश्यहरू कार्यान्वयन गर्ने * संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिकाको शान्ति र सुरक्षालाई खतरामा पार्ने आक्रामक कार्यहरूको लागि जिम्मेवार कुनै पनि राष्ट्रहरूलाई पराजित गर्ने == इतिहास == === उत्पत्ति === दोस्रो महाद्वीपीय कांग्रेस <ref>[http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/hlaw:@field(DOCID+@lit(jc00235)): Cont'l Cong.]</ref> द्वारा ग्रेट ब्रिटेनसँग लड्न उपनिवेशहरूको लागि एक एकीकृत सेनाको रूपमा १४ जुन १७७५ मा कन्टिनेन्टल आर्मी (महाद्वीपीय सेना) को सिर्जना गरिएको थियो, [[जर्ज वासिङ्टन|जर्ज वाशिंगटनलाई]] यसको कमाण्डर नियुक्त गरियो। <ref name="Army_birth"/> <ref>[http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/hlaw:@field(DOCID+@lit(jc00238)): Cont'l Cong.]</ref> <ref>[http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/hlaw:@field(DOCID+@lit(jc00240)): Cont'l Cong.]</ref> <ref>[http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/hlaw:@field(DOCID+@lit(jc00580)): Cont'l Cong.]</ref>सेनाको नेतृत्व सुरुमा बेलायती सेना वा औपनिवेशिक मिलिसियाहरूमा सेवा गरेका व्यक्तिहरूले गरेका थिए र जसले धेरै ब्रिटिश सैन्य सम्पत्ती आफूसँगै ल्याएका थिए। क्रान्तिकारी युद्ध अगाडी बढ्दै जाँदा , फ्रान्सेली सहायता, स्रोतहरू र सैन्य सोचले नयाँ सेनालाई आकार दिन मद्दत गर्यो। फ्रेडरिक विल्हेल्म भोन स्टुबेन जस्ता धेरै युरोपेली सिपाहीहरू आफ्नै मद्दतको लागि आए, जसले प्रसियन सेनाको रणनीति र संगठनात्मक सीपहरू सिकाए। युद्ध पछि, महाद्वीपीय सेनालाई भूमि प्रमाणपत्र दिइयो र भंग गरियो। यद्यपि, मूल निवासी अमेरिकीहरूसँग निरन्तर द्वन्द्वको कारण, चाँडै एक प्रशिक्षित स्थायी सेना फिल्ड गर्न आवश्यक ठानियो। रेगुलर आर्मी सुरुमा निकै सानो थियो र वाबाशको युद्धमा जनरल सेन्ट क्लेयरको पराजय पछि, <ref name="Buffenbarger">{{Cite web |last=Buffenbarger |first=Thomas E. |date=15 September 2011 |title=St. Clair's Campaign of 1791: A Defeat in the Wilderness That Helped Forge Today's U.S. Army |url=http://www.army.mil/article/65594 |publisher=U.S. Army Heritage and Education Center}}</ref> जहाँ ८०० भन्दा बढी सिपाहीहरू मारिएका थिए, रेगुलर आर्मीलाई संयुक्त राज्यको सेनाको रूपमा पुनर्गठित गरिएको थियो, जुन १७९१ मा स्थापित भएको थियो। १७९६ मा युनाइटेड स्टेट्स आर्मी नामाकरण गरियो । === विश्व युद्धहरू === संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका सन् १९१७ मा बेलायत, फ्रान्स, [[रुसी साम्राज्य|रुस]], इटाली र अन्य सहयोगी राष्ट्रहरूको पक्षमा "सम्बद्ध शक्ति" को रूपमा प्रथम विश्वयुद्धमा सामेल भयो । अमेरिकी सेनाहरू पश्चिमी मोर्चामा पठाइयो र युद्ध समाप्त गर्ने अन्तिम आक्रमणहरूमा संलग्न थिए। नोभेम्बर १९१८ मा युद्धविराम संग, सेनाको आकार घटाइयो। [[पर्ल हार्बर आक्रमण|पर्ल हार्बरमा]] [[जापानी साम्राज्य|जापानी]] आक्रमण पछि संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका डिसेम्बर १९४१ मा [[दोस्रो विश्व युद्ध|दोस्रो विश्व युद्धमा]] सामेल भयो। लगभग ११ मिलियन अमेरिकीहरूले विभिन्न सेना अपरेसनहरूमा सेवा गर्ने थिए। <ref name="debruyne">{{Citation |last=Nese DeBruyne, Congressional Research Service |title=American War and Military Operations Casualties: Lists and Statistics |date=18 September 2018 |url=https://fas.org/sgp/crs/natsec/RL32492.pdf |at=Page 3, note j — |quote=World War II: 10.42 million (1 December 1941-31 August 1945) }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230514171012/https://sgp.fas.org/crs/natsec/RL32492.pdf |date=14 May 2023 }}.</ref> <ref name="amh-v2">{{Citation |title=American Military History |volume=2 |page=122 |chapter=Chapter 4: "GRAND STRATEGY AND THE WASHINGTON HIGH COMMAND" |chapter-url=https://history.army.mil/books/AMH-V2/AMH%20V2/chapter4.htm |publisher=[[United States Army Center of Military History]] |quote=10.4 million}}</ref> युरोपेली मोर्चामा, अमेरिकी सेनाका सेनाहरूले फ्रान्सेली उत्तर अफ्रिकामा अवतरण गर्ने र ट्युनिसियालाई लिएर सिसिलीमा गएर पछि इटालीमा लडेका सेनाहरूको महत्त्वपूर्ण भाग बनाए। सन् १९४४ को जुनमा उत्तरी फ्रान्सको अवतरण र त्यसपछिको युरोपको मुक्ति र [[नाजी जर्मनी|नाजी जर्मनीको]] पराजयमा लाखौं अमेरिकी सेनाको सेनाले केन्द्रीय भूमिका खेलेको थियो। सन् १९४७ मा अमेरिकी सेनामा सिपाहीको संख्या सन् १९४५ मा ८० लाखबाट घटेर ६ लाख ८४ हजार सिपाही भएको थियो र सक्रिय [[डिभिजन (सैन्य)|डिभिजन]]को कुल संख्या ८९ बाट १२ मा झरेको थियो। सेनाका नेताहरूले यो विघटनलाई सफलताको रूपमा लिए। <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 August 2020 |title=The Points Were All That Mattered: The US Army's Demobilization After World War II |url=https://www.nationalww2museum.org/war/articles/points-system-us-armys-demobilization#:~:text=The%20US%20Army%20finally%20ended,684%2C000%20on%20July%201%2C%201947. |access-date=November 4, 2022 |website=The National WWII Museum New Orleans}}</ref> === शीत युद्ध === ==== १९४५-१९६० ==== [[चित्र:Exercise_Desert_Rock_I_(Buster-Jangle_Dog)_003.jpg|पाठ=|अङ्गुठाकार| [[कोरियाली युद्ध|कोरियाली युद्धको]] समयमा नेभाडा परीक्षण साइटमा अपरेशन बस्टर-जङ्गलको परमाणु बम परीक्षणको अवलोकन गर्दै अमेरिकी सेनाका सैनिकहरू]] ==== १९६०-१९७० ==== [[भियतनाम युद्ध]] प्रायः अमेरिकी सेनाको लागि अनिवार्य सैन्य सेवाको प्रयोग, अमेरिकी जनतासँग युद्धको अलोकप्रियता र अमेरिकी राजनीतिक नेताहरूले सेनामा लगाइएका निराशाजनक प्रतिबन्धहरूको कारणले गर्दा अमेरिकी सेनाको लागि कम बिन्दुको रूपमा मानिन्छ। अमेरिकी सेनाहरू सन् १९५९ देखि [[दक्षिण भियतनाम|दक्षिण भियतनाममा]] खुफिया र सल्लाह/प्रशिक्षण भूमिकामा तैनाथ भएतापनि, टोन्किनको खाडी घटनापछि सन् १९६५ सम्म ठूलो सङ्ख्यामा तैनाथ गरिएको थिएन। अमेरिकी सेनाहरूले प्रभावकारी रूपमा "परम्परागत" रणभूमिको नियन्त्रण स्थापना र कायम राखे, तर उनीहरूले कम्युनिष्ट भियत कङ र भियतनाम जनसेनाको [[छापामार युद्ध|छापामार]] हिट र रन रणनीतिहरूको सामना गर्न संघर्ष गर्नु पर्‍यो। <ref>Woodruff, Mark. </ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Shidler |first=Derek |title=Vietnam's Changing Historiography: Ngo Dinh Diem and America's Leadership |url=https://www.eiu.edu/historia/Historia2009Shidler.pdf}}</ref> === १९९० को दशक === १९९० मा, [[इराक|इराकले]] आफ्नो छिमेकी [[कुवेत|कुवेतमा]] आक्रमण गर्‍यो र [[साउदी अरब|साउदी अरेबिया]]को सुरक्षा सुनिश्चित गर्न अमेरिकी स्थलसेना तुरुन्तै तैनाथ गरियो। जनवरी १९९१ मा [[खाडी युद्ध|खाडी युद्ध]] सुरु भयो, अमेरिकी नेतृत्वको गठबन्धनले [[अपरेशन डेजर्ट स्टर्म|इराकी सेनाहरूलाई धपाउन]] ५००,००० भन्दा बढी सेनाहरू, जसमध्ये धेरैजसो अमेरिकी सेनाको संरचनाहरूबाट खटाइएको थियो। पश्चिमी गठबन्धन सेनाहरूले इराकी सेनालाई पराजित गरेपछि अभियान पूर्ण विजयमा समाप्त भयो। इतिहासका केही ठूला ट्याङ्क युद्धहरू खाडी युद्धको समयमा लडिएका थिए। मदिना रिजको युद्ध, नोर्फोकको युद्ध ऐतिहासिक महत्वको ट्याङ्क युद्धहरू थिए। <ref>{{Cite web |title=10 Most Epic Tank Battles in Military History |url=http://www.militaryeducation.org/10-most-epic-tank-battles-in-military-history/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171113173424/http://www.militaryeducation.org/10-most-epic-tank-battles-in-military-history/ |archive-date=13 November 2017 |access-date=2 November 2017 |website=Militaryeducation.org}}</ref> <ref>VUA Citation</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 March 2016 |title=These were the 6 most massive tank battles in US history |url=http://www.wearethemighty.com/articles/6-massive-tank-battles-from-us-history |access-date=2 November 2017 |website=Wearethemighty.com}}</ref> === २१औं शताब्दी === २००१ [[सेप्टेम्बर ११ को हमला|सेप्टेम्बर ११ को आक्रमण]]मा, पेन्टागनमा आतंकवादी हमलामा मारिएका १२५ पीडितहरू मध्ये ५३ नागरिकहरू (४७ कर्मचारी र छ ठेकेदारहरू) र २२ सैनिकहरू थिए जब अमेरिकन एयरलाइन्सको फ्लाइट ७७ लाई पाँच [[अल कायदा|अल-कायदा]] अपहरणकर्ताहरूले अपहरण गरेको थियो। <ref>{{Cite web |title=September 11, 2001 Pentagon Victims |url=http://www.patriotresource.com/wtc/victims/pentagon.html |access-date=13 November 2015 |website=patriotresource.com}}</ref> ११ सेप्टेम्बरको आक्रमणको प्रतिक्रियामा र आतंक विरुद्धको विश्वव्यापी युद्धको रूपमा, अमेरिकी र [[नाटो]] सेनाहरूले अक्टोबर २००१ मा अफगानिस्तानमा आक्रमण गरे, [[तालिबान]] सरकारलाई विस्थापित गरे। अमेरिकी सेनाले सन् २००३ मा इराकमा अमेरिकी र सहयोगी राष्ट्रहरूको संयुक्त आक्रमणको पनि नेतृत्व गरेको थियो; यसले छोटो र दीर्घकालीन परिनियोजन कार्यहरू दिगो राख्न सक्ने क्षमताको साथ स्थल सेनाहरूको लागि प्राथमिक स्रोतको रूपमा सेवा गर्‍यो। त्यसपछिका वर्षहरूमा, मिसन नियमित सेनाहरू बीचको द्वन्द्वबाट प्रतिविद्रोहमा परिणत भयो, जसको परिणाम स्वरूप ४,००० भन्दा बढी अमेरिकी सदस्यहरूको मृत्यु भयो (मार्च २००८ सम्म) र हजारौं घाइते भए। <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Burnham |first=Gilbert |last2=Lafta |first2=Riyadh |last3=Doocy |first3=Shannon |last4=Roberts |first4=Les |date=12 October 2006 |title=Mortality after the 2003 invasion of Iraq: a cross-sectional cluster sample survey |url= |journal=The Lancet |language=en |volume=368 |issue=9545 |pages=1421–1428 |citeseerx=10.1.1.88.4036 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(06)69491-9 |issn=0140-6736 |pmid=17055943 |s2cid=23673934}}</ref> <ref name="Lancet supplement">{{Cite web |title=The Human Cost of the War in Iraq: A Mortality Study, 2002–2006 |url=http://web.mit.edu/CIS/pdf/Human_Cost_of_War.pdf}}</ref> सन् २००३ देखि २०११ सम्म इराकमा २३,८१३ विद्रोही मारिएका थिए। <ref>597 killed in 2003,, 23,984 killed from 2004 through 2009 (with the exceptions of May 2004 and March 2009), 652 killed in May 2004, 45 killed in March 2009, 676 killed in 2010, 451 killed in 2011 (with the exception of February), {{Cite web |title=239 people killed in Iraq in August and killed by the U.S. Military |url=http://www.nenosplace.com/showthread.php?45792-239-people-killed-in-Iraq-in-August-and-killed-by-the-U.S.-military |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120112042255/http://www.nenosplace.com/showthread.php?45792-239-people-killed-in-Iraq-in-August-and-killed-by-the-U.S.-military |archive-date=12 January 2012 |access-date=22 October 2011 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120112042255/http://www.nenosplace.com/showthread.php?45792-239-people-killed-in-Iraq-in-August-and-killed-by-the-U.S.-military |date=12 January 2012 }}</ref> == कर्मचारी == === अधिकृत === <div style="width:100%; overflow:auto"> {| style="background-color:#F7F8FF; border:1px solid #8888aa; padding:5px; margin-bottom:15px; font-size:90%; text-align:center;" |- style="background-color:#CCC;" ![[U.S. uniformed services pay grades#Officer pay grades|US&nbsp;DoD<br/>pay grade]] !Special grade{{Efn|Reserved for wartime use only.}} !O-10 !O-9 !O-8 !O-7 !O-6 !O-5 !O-4 !O-3 !O-2 !O-1 |-style="background-color:#CCC;" ![[Ranks and insignia of NATO#Definitions|NATO code]] !OF-10 !OF-9 !OF-8 !OF-7 !OF-6 !OF-5 !OF-4 !OF-3 !OF-2 !colspan=2|OF-1<!--The NATO Code for first lieutenant is OF-1, not OF-2. Please DO NOT change--> |- !दर्ज्यानी चिन्ह |[[File:US-O11 insignia.svg|65px]] |[[File:US-O10 insignia.svg|100px]] |[[File:US-O9 insignia.svg|80px]] |[[File:US-O8 insignia.svg|65px]] |[[File:US-O7 insignia.svg|35px]] |[[File:US-O6 insignia.svg|60px]] |[[File:US-O5 insignia.svg|40px]] |[[File:US-O4 insignia.svg|40px]] |[[File:US-O3 insignia.svg|46px]] |[[File:US-O2 insignia.svg|18px]] |[[File:US-O1 insignia.svg|18px]] |- !Army Green Service Uniform |[[File:US Army O11 (Army greens).svg|50px]] |[[File:US Army O10 (Army greens).svg|50px]] |[[File:US Army O9 (Army greens).svg|50px]] |[[File:US Army O8 (Army greens).svg|50px]] |[[File:US Army O7 (Army greens).svg|50px]] |[[File:US Army O6 (Army greens).svg|50px]] |[[File:US Army O5 (Army greens).svg|50px]] |[[File:US Army O4 (Army greens).svg|50px]] |[[File:US Army O3 (Army greens).svg|50px]] |[[File:US Army O2 (Army greens).svg|50px]] |[[File:US Army O1 (Army greens).svg|50px]] |-{{#if: {{{short|}}}|style="display:none"}} !Army Blue Service Uniform |[[File:Army-USA-OF-10.svg|70px]] |[[File:Army-USA-OF-09.svg|70px]] |[[File:Army-USA-OF-08.svg|70px]] |[[File:Army-USA-OF-07.svg|70px]] |[[File:Army-USA-OF-06.svg|70px]] |[[File:Army-USA-OF-05.svg|70px]] |[[File:Army-USA-OF-04.svg|70px]] |[[File:Army-USA-OF-03.svg|70px]] |[[File:Army-USA-OF-02.svg|70px]] |[[File:Army-USA-OF-01a.svg|70px]] |[[File:Army-USA-OF-01b.svg|70px]] |-{{#if: {{{short|}}}|style="display:none"}} !Army Combat Uniform | |[[File:USA OCP O10.jpg|60x50px]] |[[File:USA OCP O9.png|60x50px]] |[[File:USA OCP O8.png|60x50px]] |[[File:USA OCP O7.png|60x50px]] |[[File:USA OCP O6.png|60x50px]] |[[File:USA OCP O5.png|60x50px]] |[[File:USA OCP O4.png|60x50px]] |[[File:USA OCP O3.png|60x50px]] |[[File:USA OCP O2.png|60x50px]] |[[File:USA OCP O1.png|60x50px]] |- !Title |[[General of the Army (United States)|General of the Army]] |[[जनरल]] |[[लेफ्टिनेन्ट जनरल]] |[[मेजर जनरल]] |[[ब्रिगेडियर जनरल]] |[[कर्नल]] |[[लेफ्टिनेन्ट कर्नल]] |[[मेजर]] |[[क्याप्टेन]] |फस्ट लुटेनेन्ट |सेकेन्ड लुटेनेन्ट |- !छोटो रुप |GA |GEN |LTG |MG |BG |COL |LTC |MAJ |CPT |1LT |2LT |}</div><noinclude> </noinclude> {{US Army Warrant Officer}}{{US Army Enlisted}} == नोटहरू == {{Notelist}} ==यो पनि हेर्नुहोस्== {{संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिकाको विषय}} == सन्दर्भहरू == {{Reflist}} ==बाह्य कडीहरू== * {{Official website}} * [https://www.army.mil/photos Army.mil/photos] – United States Army featured photos * [http://collections.mohistory.org/search/custom_search?text=Army U.S. Army Collection] ({{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130702073047/http://collections.mohistory.org/search/custom_search?text=Army|date=2 July 2013}}) – Missouri History Museum * [http://www.history.army.mil/reference/Finding%20Aids/research.htm Finding Aids for researching the U.S. Army]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101109163940/http://www.history.army.mil/reference/Finding%20Aids/research.htm|date=9 November 2010}} (compiled by the United States Army Center of Military History). * [https://web.archive.org/web/20121126003035/http://www.us-militaria.com/en US-militaria.com] – The U.S. Army during the Second World War (archived 26 December 2012) {{US Army navbox}}{{Navboxes}} [[श्रेणी:सेना]] pql7t32nn04nv5twde6db6nzgja1658 1354826 1354825 2026-05-10T12:58:02Z Bishaldev100 28807 1354826 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox military unit | unit_name = United States Army | image = [[File:Military service mark of the United States Army.svg|frameless]] <br />Official seal of the United States Army<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.defense.gov/Portals/1/Documents/Trademarks/DOD%20Guide%20about%20use%20of%20seals%20logos%20insignia%20medals-16%20Oct%2015F.PDF|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160405154729/http://www.defense.gov/Portals/1/Documents/Trademarks/DOD%20Guide%20about%20use%20of%20seals%20logos%20insignia%20medals-16%20Oct%2015F.PDF|url-status=dead|archive-date=5 April 2016|title=Important Information and Guidelines About the Use of Department of Defense Seals, Logos, Insignia, and Service Medals|date=16 October 2015|page=2|access-date=5 April 2016|publisher=United States Department of Defense}}</ref> <br />[[File:Logo of the United States Army 2023.svg|frameless|upright=1.00]] <br />Wordmark<ref>{{cite web |work=US Army |url=https://www.army.mil/article/264594/new_army_brand_redefines_be_all_you_can_be_for_a_new_generation |date=8 March 2023 |title=New Army brand redefines 'Be All You Can Be' for a new generation }}</ref> | start_date = {{start date|1775|06|14|df=yes}}{{Efn|महादेशीय सेनाको रूपमा।}} <br />({{Age in years and months|1775|06|14}} पहिले)<ref>{{cite book|last=Wright, Jr.|first=Robert K.|title=The Continental Army (Army Lineage Series)|year=1983|publisher=Center of Military History, United States Army|location=Washington, D.C.|isbn=9780160019319|url=http://www.history.army.mil/books/RevWar/ContArmy/CA-fm.htm|oclc=8806011|access-date=30 October 2013|archive-date=9 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191009065615/https://history.army.mil/books/RevWar/ContArmy/CA-fm.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Maass|first=John R.|url=http://www.history.army.mil/html/faq/birth.html|title=June 14th: The Birthday of the U.S. Army|publisher=U.S. Army Center of Military History|access-date=30 October 2013|archive-date=1 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181001214256/https://history.army.mil/html/faq/birth.html|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181001214256/https://history.army.mil/html/faq/birth.html |date=1 October 2018 }}</ref> | dates = 14 June 1775–1783 (as [[Continental Army]]) <br /> 1792–1796 as [[Legion of the United States]] <br /> 1796–present as United States Army | country = {{Flagu|United States}} | type = [[सेना]] | role = स्थल | size = {{ubl|452,689 active duty personnel<ref>{{cite web |title=Defense Manpower Data Center- Monthly Strength Summary |url=https://dwp.dmdc.osd.mil/dwp/api/download?fileName=ms0_2307.pdf&groupName=milTop |work=[[Defense Manpower Data Center]] |access-date=14 September 2023 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004043045/https://dwp.dmdc.osd.mil/dwp/api/download?fileName=ms0_2307.pdf&groupName=milTop |date=4 October 2023 }}</ref> | 325,218 [[Army National Guard]] personnel | 176,968 [[United States Army Reserves|Army Reserve]] personnel<ref>{{cite web |url=https://dwp.dmdc.osd.mil/dwp/api/download?fileName=DRS_42486_SelRes_202307.pdf&groupName=resRankGrade |title=Department of Defense: Selected Reserves by Rank/Grade |date=July 31, 2023 |work=[[Defense Manpower Data Center]] |access-date=14 September 2023 }}</ref> | 1,073,200 total uniformed personnel (official data as of July 31, 2023) | 330,000 civilian personnel<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.goarmy.com/careers-and-jobs/find-your-path/army-civilians.html|title=Army Civilians|website=goarmy.com|access-date=16 June 2023}}</ref> | 4,406 crewed aircraft<ref name="WAF2018">{{cite journal |title=World Air Forces 2018 |journal=Flightglobal |page=17 |url=https://www.flightglobal.com/asset/21905 |access-date=13 June 2018}}</ref> }} | command_structure = [[अमेरिकी सशस्त्र बल]] <br />[[United States Department of the Army|Department of the Army]] | garrison = [[पेन्टागन]] <br />{{nowrap|[[Arlington County, Virginia]], U.S.}} | garrison_label = Headquarters | motto = "This We'll Defend"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.army.mil/about/|title=Who we are: The Army's Vision & Strategy|website=Army.mil|access-date=July 11, 2024}}</ref> | colors = Black, gold and white<ref>{{cite book |title=U.S. Future Combat & Weapon Systems Handbook |first=Ibp |last=Usa |page=15}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=U.S. Army Brand Guide |url=https://www.army.mil/aemo#org-army-brand |access-date=3 Nov 2022}}</ref> <br />{{color box|#030000}}&nbsp;{{color box|#FFD530}}&nbsp;{{color box|#FFFFFF}} | colors_label = Colors | march = "[[The Army Goes Rolling Along]]" {{audio|Army goes rolling along.ogg|Play}} | mascot = [[Army Mules]] | equipment = [[List of equipment of the United States Army|List of U.S. Army equipment]] | battles = {{collapsible list | titlestyle = background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:normal; | title = See list |[[File:Streamer RW.PNG|200px]] <br />[[अमेरिकी क्रान्तिकारी युद्ध|क्रान्तिकारी युद्ध]] <br />[[File:Streamer W1812.PNG|200px]] <br />[[War of 1812]] <br />[[File:Streamer MW.PNG|200px]] <br />[[Mexican–American War]] <br />[[File:Streamer CW.PNG|200px]] <br />[[अमेरिकी गृहयुद्ध|गृहयुद्ध]] <br />[[File:Streamer IW.PNG|200px]] <br />[[American Indian Wars|Indian Wars]] <br />[[File:Streamer SC.PNG|200px]] <br />[[स्पेन अमेरिका युद्ध]] <br />[[File:Streamer CRE.PNG|200px]] <br />[[China Relief Expedition]] <br />[[File:Streamer PC.PNG|200px]] <br />[[Philippine–American War]] <br />[[File:Streamer MS.PNG|200px]] <br />[[Mexican Expedition]] <br />[[File:Streamer WWI V.PNG|200px]] <br />[[पहिलो विश्वयुद्ध]] <br />[[Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War|Russian Civil War]] <br />[[Bonus Army suppression]] <br />[[File:World War II - American Campaign Streamer (Plain).png|200px]] <br />[[File:Streamer APC.PNG|200px]] <br />[[File:European-African-Middle Eastern Campaign Medal streamer.png|200px]] <br />[[दोस्रो विश्व युद्ध]] <br />[[File:Korean Service Medal - Streamer.png|200px]] <br />[[कोरियाली युद्ध]] <br />[[1958 Lebanon crisis]] <br />[[File:Vietnam Service Streamer vector.svg|200px]] <br />[[भियतनाम युद्ध]] <br />[[File:Streamer AFE.PNG|200px]] <br />[[Dominican Civil War]] <br />[[File:Streamer AFE.PNG|200px]] <br />[[Korean DMZ Conflict (1966–1969)|Korean DMZ Conflict]] <br />[[File:Streamer AFE.PNG|200px]] <br />[[US invasion of Grenada|Invasion of Grenada]] <br />[[File:Streamer AFE.PNG|200px]]|[[United States Invasion of Panama|Invasion of Panama]] <br />[[File:Streamer AFE.PNG|200px]] <br />[[Unified Task Force|Somali Civil War]] <br />[[File:Streamer SAS.PNG|200px]] <br />[[Gulf War|Persian Gulf War]] <br />[[File:Streamer KC.PNG|200px]] <br />[[Kosovo War]] <br />[[File:Streamer gwotE.PNG|200px]] <br />[[Global War on Terrorism]] <br />[[File:Streamer AFGCS.PNG|200px]] <br />[[War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)|War in Afghanistan]] <br />[[File:Iraq Campaign streamer.svg|200px]] <br />[[इराक युद्ध]] <br />[[File:Inherent Resolve Campaign streamer.svg|200px]] [[Operation Inherent Resolve]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://quicksearch.dla.mil/qsDocDetails.aspx?ident_number=70415 |title=ASSIST-QuickSearch Document Details |access-date=6 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180207122448/http://quicksearch.dla.mil/qsDocDetails.aspx?ident_number=70415 |archive-date=7 February 2018 |url-status=dead }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180207122448/http://quicksearch.dla.mil/qsDocDetails.aspx?ident_number=70415 |date=7 February 2018 }}</ref> <br />[[Battle of Khasham]] }} | anniversaries = [[U.S. Army Birthdays|Army Birthday]]: 14 June<ref>{{cite web|url=https://history.army.mil/html/faq/birth.html|title=June 14th: The Birthday of the U.S. Army|website=U.S. Army Center of Military History|access-date=February 17, 2024}}</ref> | website = {{ubl|{{URL|www.army.mil|army.mil}}|{{URL|www.goarmy.com|goarmy.com}}}} <!-- Commanders --> | commander1 = {{Flagicon image|Flag of the President of the United States.svg|size=25px}} [[अमेरिकी राष्ट्रपति |राष्ट्रपति]] [[ जो बाइडेन]] | commander1_label = [[कमान्डर-इन-चिफ]] | commander2 = {{Flagicon image|Flag of the United States Secretary of Defense.svg|size=25px}} [[Lloyd Austin]] | commander2_label = सेक्रेटरी अफ डिफेन्स | commander3 = {{Flagicon image|Flag of the United States Secretary of the Army.svg|size=25px}} [[Christine Wormuth]] | commander3_label = सेक्रेटरी अफ आर्मी | commander4 = {{Flagicon image|Flag of the Chief of Staff of the United States Army.svg|size=25px}} [[General (United States)|GEN]] [[Randy A. George]] | commander4_label = चिफ अफ स्टाफ | commander5 = {{Flagicon image|Flag of the Vice Chief of Staff of the United States Army.svg|size=25px}} [[General (United States)|GEN]] [[James J. Mingus]] | commander5_label = [[Vice Chief of Staff of the United States Army|Vice Chief of Staff]] | commander6 = {{Flagicon image|Flag of the Sergeant Major of the United States Army.svg|size=25px}} [[Sergeant Major of the Army|SMA]] [[Michael R. Weimer]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dvidshub.net/webcast/32423|title=Webcast: Relinquishment of Responsibility for GEN James McConville / Change of Responsibility SMA Michael Grinston|access-date=2023-07-28|website=DVIDS}}</ref> | commander6_label = [[Sergeant Major of the Army]] | notable_commanders = <!-- Insignia --> | identification_symbol = [[File:Flag of the United States Army (official proportions).svg|border|150px]] | identification_symbol_label = [[Flag of the United States Army|Flag]] | identification_symbol_2 = [[File:Field flag of the United States Army.svg|border|150px]] | identification_symbol_2_label = Field flag{{Efn|Adopted in 1962.}} }}'''संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिकी सेना''' [[अमेरिकी सशस्त्र बल|संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका सशस्त्र बल]] को स्थल सेना सेवा शाखा हो। यो आठ अमेरिकी वर्दीधारी सेवाहरू मध्ये एक हो, र यसलाई [[संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिकाको संविधान|अमेरिकी संविधान]]मा [[संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका|संयुक्त राज्यको]] सेनाको रूपमा तोकिएको छ। <ref name="Constitution">Article II, section 2, clause 1 of the [[United States Constitution]] (1789). <br /></ref> सेना अमेरिकी सैन्य सेवाको सबैभन्दा पुरानो शाखा र सबैभन्दा वरिष्ठ हो। <ref>{{Cite web |date=31 October 1977 |title=Department of Defense Directive 1005.8 |url=https://permanent.access.gpo.gov/websites/dodandmilitaryejournals/www.dtic.mil/whs/directives/corres/html2/d10058x.htm |access-date=7 July 2017 |website=Permanent.access.gpo.gov}}</ref> यसको इतिहास कन्टिनेन्टल आर्मीमा छ, यसको गठन १४ जुन १७७५ मा [[अमेरिकी क्रान्तिकारी युद्ध]] (१७७५-१७८३ ) को समयमा स्वतन्त्रताको लागि ब्रिटिश विरुद्ध लड्न गरिएको थियो। <ref name="Army_birth" /> क्रान्तिकारी युद्ध पछि, कन्फेडेरेसनको कांग्रेसले ३ जुन १७८४ मा विघटित महाद्वीपीय सेनालाई प्रतिस्थापन गर्न संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिकी सेना सिर्जना गर्यो। <ref name="Army_LOC">Library of Congress, [http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=lljc&fileName=027/lljc027.db&recNum=166&itemLink=r%3Fammem%2Fhlaw%3A@field%28DOCID%2B@lit%28jc0271%29%29%230270001&linkText=1 Journals of the Continental Congress, Volume 27]</ref> संयुक्त राज्य सेनाले आफूलाई कन्टिनेन्टल आर्मी (महाद्वीपीय सेना)को निरन्तरता मान्छ, र यसैले यसको संस्थागत स्थापनालाई १७७५ मा त्यो सशस्त्र बलको उत्पत्ति मान्दछ <ref name="Army_birth">{{Cite web |title=14 June: The Birthday of the U.S. Army |url=http://www.history.army.mil/html/faq/birth.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181001214256/https://history.army.mil/html/faq/birth.html |archive-date=1 October 2018 |access-date=1 July 2011 |publisher=[[United States Army Center of Military History]] }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181001214256/https://history.army.mil/html/faq/birth.html |date=1 October 2018 }}</ref> == मिशन == संयुक्त राज्य सेनाले [[अमेरिकी सशस्त्र बल|अमेरिकी सशस्त्र बलको]] भूमि-आधारित शाखाको रूपमा सेवा गर्दछ। [https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/10/7062 अध्याय १० को खण्ड ७०६२, यूएस कोडले] सेनाको उद्देश्यलाई निम्न रूपमा परिभाषित गर्दछ: <ref>DA Pamphlet 10–1 ''Organization of the United States Army''; Figure 1.2 ''Military Operations''.</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=10 USC 3062: Policy; composition; organized peace establishment |url=http://uscodebeta.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title10-section3062&num=0&edition=prelim |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131005010612/http://uscodebeta.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title10-section3062&num=0&edition=prelim |archive-date=5 October 2013 |access-date=21 August 2013 |publisher=U.S. House of Representatives }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131005010612/http://uscodebeta.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title10-section3062&num=0&edition=prelim |date=5 October 2013 }}</ref> * शान्ति र सुरक्षाको संरक्षण र संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका, राष्ट्रमंडल र सम्पत्ति, र संयुक्त राज्यले कब्जा गरेको कुनै पनि क्षेत्रको रक्षाको लागि प्रदान गर्ने * राष्ट्रिय नीतिहरूलाई समर्थन गर्ने * राष्ट्रिय उद्देश्यहरू कार्यान्वयन गर्ने * संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिकाको शान्ति र सुरक्षालाई खतरामा पार्ने आक्रामक कार्यहरूको लागि जिम्मेवार कुनै पनि राष्ट्रहरूलाई पराजित गर्ने == इतिहास == === उत्पत्ति === दोस्रो महाद्वीपीय कांग्रेस <ref>[http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/hlaw:@field(DOCID+@lit(jc00235)): Cont'l Cong.]</ref> द्वारा ग्रेट ब्रिटेनसँग लड्न उपनिवेशहरूको लागि एक एकीकृत सेनाको रूपमा १४ जुन १७७५ मा कन्टिनेन्टल आर्मी (महाद्वीपीय सेना) को सिर्जना गरिएको थियो, [[जर्ज वासिङ्टन|जर्ज वाशिंगटनलाई]] यसको कमाण्डर नियुक्त गरियो। <ref name="Army_birth"/> <ref>[http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/hlaw:@field(DOCID+@lit(jc00238)): Cont'l Cong.]</ref> <ref>[http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/hlaw:@field(DOCID+@lit(jc00240)): Cont'l Cong.]</ref> <ref>[http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/hlaw:@field(DOCID+@lit(jc00580)): Cont'l Cong.]</ref>सेनाको नेतृत्व सुरुमा बेलायती सेना वा औपनिवेशिक मिलिसियाहरूमा सेवा गरेका व्यक्तिहरूले गरेका थिए र जसले धेरै ब्रिटिश सैन्य सम्पत्ती आफूसँगै ल्याएका थिए। क्रान्तिकारी युद्ध अगाडी बढ्दै जाँदा , फ्रान्सेली सहायता, स्रोतहरू र सैन्य सोचले नयाँ सेनालाई आकार दिन मद्दत गर्यो। फ्रेडरिक विल्हेल्म भोन स्टुबेन जस्ता धेरै युरोपेली सिपाहीहरू आफ्नै मद्दतको लागि आए, जसले प्रसियन सेनाको रणनीति र संगठनात्मक सीपहरू सिकाए। युद्ध पछि, महाद्वीपीय सेनालाई भूमि प्रमाणपत्र दिइयो र भंग गरियो। यद्यपि, मूल निवासी अमेरिकीहरूसँग निरन्तर द्वन्द्वको कारण, चाँडै एक प्रशिक्षित स्थायी सेना फिल्ड गर्न आवश्यक ठानियो। रेगुलर आर्मी सुरुमा निकै सानो थियो र वाबाशको युद्धमा जनरल सेन्ट क्लेयरको पराजय पछि, <ref name="Buffenbarger">{{Cite web |last=Buffenbarger |first=Thomas E. |date=15 September 2011 |title=St. Clair's Campaign of 1791: A Defeat in the Wilderness That Helped Forge Today's U.S. Army |url=http://www.army.mil/article/65594 |publisher=U.S. Army Heritage and Education Center}}</ref> जहाँ ८०० भन्दा बढी सिपाहीहरू मारिएका थिए, रेगुलर आर्मीलाई संयुक्त राज्यको सेनाको रूपमा पुनर्गठित गरिएको थियो, जुन १७९१ मा स्थापित भएको थियो। १७९६ मा युनाइटेड स्टेट्स आर्मी नामाकरण गरियो । === विश्व युद्धहरू === संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका सन् १९१७ मा बेलायत, फ्रान्स, [[रुसी साम्राज्य|रुस]], इटाली र अन्य सहयोगी राष्ट्रहरूको पक्षमा "सम्बद्ध शक्ति" को रूपमा प्रथम विश्वयुद्धमा सामेल भयो । अमेरिकी सेनाहरू पश्चिमी मोर्चामा पठाइयो र युद्ध समाप्त गर्ने अन्तिम आक्रमणहरूमा संलग्न थिए। नोभेम्बर १९१८ मा युद्धविराम संग, सेनाको आकार घटाइयो। [[पर्ल हार्बर आक्रमण|पर्ल हार्बरमा]] [[जापानी साम्राज्य|जापानी]] आक्रमण पछि संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका डिसेम्बर १९४१ मा [[दोस्रो विश्व युद्ध|दोस्रो विश्व युद्धमा]] सामेल भयो। लगभग ११ मिलियन अमेरिकीहरूले विभिन्न सेना अपरेसनहरूमा सेवा गर्ने थिए। <ref name="debruyne">{{Citation |last=Nese DeBruyne, Congressional Research Service |title=American War and Military Operations Casualties: Lists and Statistics |date=18 September 2018 |url=https://fas.org/sgp/crs/natsec/RL32492.pdf |at=Page 3, note j — |quote=World War II: 10.42 million (1 December 1941-31 August 1945) }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230514171012/https://sgp.fas.org/crs/natsec/RL32492.pdf |date=14 May 2023 }}.</ref> <ref name="amh-v2">{{Citation |title=American Military History |volume=2 |page=122 |chapter=Chapter 4: "GRAND STRATEGY AND THE WASHINGTON HIGH COMMAND" |chapter-url=https://history.army.mil/books/AMH-V2/AMH%20V2/chapter4.htm |publisher=[[United States Army Center of Military History]] |quote=10.4 million}}</ref> युरोपेली मोर्चामा, अमेरिकी सेनाका सेनाहरूले फ्रान्सेली उत्तर अफ्रिकामा अवतरण गर्ने र ट्युनिसियालाई लिएर सिसिलीमा गएर पछि इटालीमा लडेका सेनाहरूको महत्त्वपूर्ण भाग बनाए। सन् १९४४ को जुनमा उत्तरी फ्रान्सको अवतरण र त्यसपछिको युरोपको मुक्ति र [[नाजी जर्मनी|नाजी जर्मनीको]] पराजयमा लाखौं अमेरिकी सेनाको सेनाले केन्द्रीय भूमिका खेलेको थियो। सन् १९४७ मा अमेरिकी सेनामा सिपाहीको संख्या सन् १९४५ मा ८० लाखबाट घटेर ६ लाख ८४ हजार सिपाही भएको थियो र सक्रिय [[डिभिजन (सैन्य)|डिभिजन]]को कुल संख्या ८९ बाट १२ मा झरेको थियो। सेनाका नेताहरूले यो विघटनलाई सफलताको रूपमा लिए। <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 August 2020 |title=The Points Were All That Mattered: The US Army's Demobilization After World War II |url=https://www.nationalww2museum.org/war/articles/points-system-us-armys-demobilization#:~:text=The%20US%20Army%20finally%20ended,684%2C000%20on%20July%201%2C%201947. |access-date=November 4, 2022 |website=The National WWII Museum New Orleans}}</ref> === शीत युद्ध === ==== १९४५-१९६० ==== [[चित्र:Exercise_Desert_Rock_I_(Buster-Jangle_Dog)_003.jpg|पाठ=|अङ्गुठाकार| [[कोरियाली युद्ध|कोरियाली युद्धको]] समयमा नेभाडा परीक्षण साइटमा अपरेशन बस्टर-जङ्गलको परमाणु बम परीक्षणको अवलोकन गर्दै अमेरिकी सेनाका सैनिकहरू]] ==== १९६०-१९७० ==== [[भियतनाम युद्ध]] प्रायः अमेरिकी सेनाको लागि अनिवार्य सैन्य सेवाको प्रयोग, अमेरिकी जनतासँग युद्धको अलोकप्रियता र अमेरिकी राजनीतिक नेताहरूले सेनामा लगाइएका निराशाजनक प्रतिबन्धहरूको कारणले गर्दा अमेरिकी सेनाको लागि कम बिन्दुको रूपमा मानिन्छ। अमेरिकी सेनाहरू सन् १९५९ देखि [[दक्षिण भियतनाम|दक्षिण भियतनाममा]] खुफिया र सल्लाह/प्रशिक्षण भूमिकामा तैनाथ भएतापनि, टोन्किनको खाडी घटनापछि सन् १९६५ सम्म ठूलो सङ्ख्यामा तैनाथ गरिएको थिएन। अमेरिकी सेनाहरूले प्रभावकारी रूपमा "परम्परागत" रणभूमिको नियन्त्रण स्थापना र कायम राखे, तर उनीहरूले कम्युनिष्ट भियत कङ र भियतनाम जनसेनाको [[छापामार युद्ध|छापामार]] हिट र रन रणनीतिहरूको सामना गर्न संघर्ष गर्नु पर्‍यो। <ref>Woodruff, Mark. </ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Shidler |first=Derek |title=Vietnam's Changing Historiography: Ngo Dinh Diem and America's Leadership |url=https://www.eiu.edu/historia/Historia2009Shidler.pdf}}</ref> === १९९० को दशक === १९९० मा, [[इराक|इराकले]] आफ्नो छिमेकी [[कुवेत|कुवेतमा]] आक्रमण गर्‍यो र [[साउदी अरब|साउदी अरेबिया]]को सुरक्षा सुनिश्चित गर्न अमेरिकी स्थलसेना तुरुन्तै तैनाथ गरियो। जनवरी १९९१ मा [[खाडी युद्ध|खाडी युद्ध]] सुरु भयो, अमेरिकी नेतृत्वको गठबन्धनले [[अपरेशन डेजर्ट स्टर्म|इराकी सेनाहरूलाई धपाउन]] ५००,००० भन्दा बढी सेनाहरू, जसमध्ये धेरैजसो अमेरिकी सेनाको संरचनाहरूबाट खटाइएको थियो। पश्चिमी गठबन्धन सेनाहरूले इराकी सेनालाई पराजित गरेपछि अभियान पूर्ण विजयमा समाप्त भयो। इतिहासका केही ठूला ट्याङ्क युद्धहरू खाडी युद्धको समयमा लडिएका थिए। मदिना रिजको युद्ध, नोर्फोकको युद्ध ऐतिहासिक महत्वको ट्याङ्क युद्धहरू थिए। <ref>{{Cite web |title=10 Most Epic Tank Battles in Military History |url=http://www.militaryeducation.org/10-most-epic-tank-battles-in-military-history/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171113173424/http://www.militaryeducation.org/10-most-epic-tank-battles-in-military-history/ |archive-date=13 November 2017 |access-date=2 November 2017 |website=Militaryeducation.org}}</ref> <ref>VUA Citation</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 March 2016 |title=These were the 6 most massive tank battles in US history |url=http://www.wearethemighty.com/articles/6-massive-tank-battles-from-us-history |access-date=2 November 2017 |website=Wearethemighty.com}}</ref> === २१औं शताब्दी === २००१ [[सेप्टेम्बर ११ को हमला|सेप्टेम्बर ११ को आक्रमण]]मा, पेन्टागनमा आतंकवादी हमलामा मारिएका १२५ पीडितहरू मध्ये ५३ नागरिकहरू (४७ कर्मचारी र छ ठेकेदारहरू) र २२ सैनिकहरू थिए जब अमेरिकन एयरलाइन्सको फ्लाइट ७७ लाई पाँच [[अल कायदा|अल-कायदा]] अपहरणकर्ताहरूले अपहरण गरेको थियो। <ref>{{Cite web |title=September 11, 2001 Pentagon Victims |url=http://www.patriotresource.com/wtc/victims/pentagon.html |access-date=13 November 2015 |website=patriotresource.com}}</ref> ११ सेप्टेम्बरको आक्रमणको प्रतिक्रियामा र आतंक विरुद्धको विश्वव्यापी युद्धको रूपमा, अमेरिकी र [[नाटो]] सेनाहरूले अक्टोबर २००१ मा अफगानिस्तानमा आक्रमण गरे, [[तालिबान]] सरकारलाई विस्थापित गरे। अमेरिकी सेनाले सन् २००३ मा इराकमा अमेरिकी र सहयोगी राष्ट्रहरूको संयुक्त आक्रमणको पनि नेतृत्व गरेको थियो; यसले छोटो र दीर्घकालीन परिनियोजन कार्यहरू दिगो राख्न सक्ने क्षमताको साथ स्थल सेनाहरूको लागि प्राथमिक स्रोतको रूपमा सेवा गर्‍यो। त्यसपछिका वर्षहरूमा, मिसन नियमित सेनाहरू बीचको द्वन्द्वबाट प्रतिविद्रोहमा परिणत भयो, जसको परिणाम स्वरूप ४,००० भन्दा बढी अमेरिकी सदस्यहरूको मृत्यु भयो (मार्च २००८ सम्म) र हजारौं घाइते भए। <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Burnham |first=Gilbert |last2=Lafta |first2=Riyadh |last3=Doocy |first3=Shannon |last4=Roberts |first4=Les |date=12 October 2006 |title=Mortality after the 2003 invasion of Iraq: a cross-sectional cluster sample survey |url= |journal=The Lancet |language=en |volume=368 |issue=9545 |pages=1421–1428 |citeseerx=10.1.1.88.4036 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(06)69491-9 |issn=0140-6736 |pmid=17055943 |s2cid=23673934}}</ref> <ref name="Lancet supplement">{{Cite web |title=The Human Cost of the War in Iraq: A Mortality Study, 2002–2006 |url=http://web.mit.edu/CIS/pdf/Human_Cost_of_War.pdf}}</ref> सन् २००३ देखि २०११ सम्म इराकमा २३,८१३ विद्रोही मारिएका थिए। <ref>597 killed in 2003,, 23,984 killed from 2004 through 2009 (with the exceptions of May 2004 and March 2009), 652 killed in May 2004, 45 killed in March 2009, 676 killed in 2010, 451 killed in 2011 (with the exception of February), {{Cite web |title=239 people killed in Iraq in August and killed by the U.S. Military |url=http://www.nenosplace.com/showthread.php?45792-239-people-killed-in-Iraq-in-August-and-killed-by-the-U.S.-military |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120112042255/http://www.nenosplace.com/showthread.php?45792-239-people-killed-in-Iraq-in-August-and-killed-by-the-U.S.-military |archive-date=12 January 2012 |access-date=22 October 2011 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120112042255/http://www.nenosplace.com/showthread.php?45792-239-people-killed-in-Iraq-in-August-and-killed-by-the-U.S.-military |date=12 January 2012 }}</ref> == कर्मचारी == === अधिकृत === <div style="width:100%; overflow:auto"> {| style="background-color:#F7F8FF; border:1px solid #8888aa; padding:5px; margin-bottom:15px; font-size:90%; text-align:center;" |- style="background-color:#CCC;" ![[U.S. uniformed services pay grades#Officer pay grades|US&nbsp;DoD<br/>pay grade]] !Special grade{{Efn|Reserved for wartime use only.}} !O-10 !O-9 !O-8 !O-7 !O-6 !O-5 !O-4 !O-3 !O-2 !O-1 |-style="background-color:#CCC;" ![[Ranks and insignia of NATO#Definitions|NATO code]] !OF-10 !OF-9 !OF-8 !OF-7 !OF-6 !OF-5 !OF-4 !OF-3 !OF-2 !colspan=2|OF-1<!--The NATO Code for first lieutenant is OF-1, not OF-2. Please DO NOT change--> |- !दर्ज्यानी चिन्ह |[[File:US-O11 insignia.svg|65px]] |[[File:US-O10 insignia.svg|100px]] |[[File:US-O9 insignia.svg|80px]] |[[File:US-O8 insignia.svg|65px]] |[[File:US-O7 insignia.svg|35px]] |[[File:US-O6 insignia.svg|60px]] |[[File:US-O5 insignia.svg|40px]] |[[File:US-O4 insignia.svg|40px]] |[[File:US-O3 insignia.svg|46px]] |[[File:US-O2 insignia.svg|18px]] |[[File:US-O1 insignia.svg|18px]] |- !Army Green Service Uniform |[[File:US Army O11 (Army greens).svg|50px]] |[[File:US Army O10 (Army greens).svg|50px]] |[[File:US Army O9 (Army greens).svg|50px]] |[[File:US Army O8 (Army greens).svg|50px]] |[[File:US Army O7 (Army greens).svg|50px]] |[[File:US Army O6 (Army greens).svg|50px]] |[[File:US Army O5 (Army greens).svg|50px]] |[[File:US Army O4 (Army greens).svg|50px]] |[[File:US Army O3 (Army greens).svg|50px]] |[[File:US Army O2 (Army greens).svg|50px]] |[[File:US Army O1 (Army greens).svg|50px]] |-{{#if: {{{short|}}}|style="display:none"}} !Army Blue Service Uniform |[[File:Army-USA-OF-10.svg|70px]] |[[File:Army-USA-OF-09.svg|70px]] |[[File:Army-USA-OF-08.svg|70px]] |[[File:Army-USA-OF-07.svg|70px]] |[[File:Army-USA-OF-06.svg|70px]] |[[File:Army-USA-OF-05.svg|70px]] |[[File:Army-USA-OF-04.svg|70px]] |[[File:Army-USA-OF-03.svg|70px]] |[[File:Army-USA-OF-02.svg|70px]] |[[File:Army-USA-OF-01a.svg|70px]] |[[File:Army-USA-OF-01b.svg|70px]] |-{{#if: {{{short|}}}|style="display:none"}} !Army Combat Uniform | |[[File:USA OCP O10.jpg|60x50px]] |[[File:USA OCP O9.png|60x50px]] |[[File:USA OCP O8.png|60x50px]] |[[File:USA OCP O7.png|60x50px]] |[[File:USA OCP O6.png|60x50px]] |[[File:USA OCP O5.png|60x50px]] |[[File:USA OCP O4.png|60x50px]] |[[File:USA OCP O3.png|60x50px]] |[[File:USA OCP O2.png|60x50px]] |[[File:USA OCP O1.png|60x50px]] |- !Title |[[General of the Army (United States)|General of the Army]] |[[जनरल]] |[[लेफ्टिनेन्ट जनरल]] |[[मेजर जनरल]] |[[ब्रिगेडियर जनरल]] |[[कर्नल]] |[[लेफ्टिनेन्ट कर्नल]] |[[मेजर]] |[[क्याप्टेन]] |फस्ट लुटेनेन्ट |सेकेन्ड लुटेनेन्ट |- !छोटो रुप |GA |GEN |LTG |MG |BG |COL |LTC |MAJ |CPT |1LT |2LT |}</div><noinclude> </noinclude> {{US Army Warrant Officer}}{{US Army Enlisted}} == नोटहरू == {{Notelist}} ==यो पनि हेर्नुहोस्== {{संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिकाको विषय}} == सन्दर्भहरू == {{Reflist}} ==बाह्य कडीहरू== * {{Official website}} * [https://www.army.mil/photos Army.mil/photos] – United States Army featured photos * [http://collections.mohistory.org/search/custom_search?text=Army U.S. Army Collection] ({{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130702073047/http://collections.mohistory.org/search/custom_search?text=Army|date=2 July 2013}}) – Missouri History Museum * [http://www.history.army.mil/reference/Finding%20Aids/research.htm Finding Aids for researching the U.S. Army]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101109163940/http://www.history.army.mil/reference/Finding%20Aids/research.htm|date=9 November 2010}} (compiled by the United States Army Center of Military History). * [https://web.archive.org/web/20121126003035/http://www.us-militaria.com/en US-militaria.com] – The U.S. Army during the Second World War (archived 26 December 2012) {{US Army navbox}}{{Navboxes}} [[श्रेणी:सेना]] j7okskg1399a3l36incu3sv25g90h92 1354827 1354826 2026-05-10T12:59:35Z Bishaldev100 28807 1354827 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox military unit | unit_name = United States Army | image = [[File:Military service mark of the United States Army.svg|frameless]] <br/> संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिकी सेनाको आधिकारिक मोहर<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.defense.gov/Portals/1/Documents/Trademarks/DOD%20Guide%20about%20use%20of%20seals%20logos%20insignia%20medals-16%20Oct%2015F.PDF|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160405154729/http://www.defense.gov/Portals/1/Documents/Trademarks/DOD%20Guide%20about%20use%20of%20seals%20logos%20insignia%20medals-16%20Oct%2015F.PDF|url-status=dead|archive-date=5 April 2016|title=Important Information and Guidelines About the Use of Department of Defense Seals, Logos, Insignia, and Service Medals|date=16 October 2015|page=2|access-date=5 April 2016|publisher=United States Department of Defense}}</ref> <br />[[File:Logo of the United States Army 2023.svg|frameless|upright=1.00]] <br />Wordmark<ref>{{cite web |work=US Army |url=https://www.army.mil/article/264594/new_army_brand_redefines_be_all_you_can_be_for_a_new_generation |date=8 March 2023 |title=New Army brand redefines 'Be All You Can Be' for a new generation }}</ref> | start_date = {{start date|1775|06|14|df=yes}}{{Efn|महादेशीय सेनाको रूपमा।}} <br />({{Age in years and months|1775|06|14}} पहिले)<ref>{{cite book|last=Wright, Jr.|first=Robert K.|title=The Continental Army (Army Lineage Series)|year=1983|publisher=Center of Military History, United States Army|location=Washington, D.C.|isbn=9780160019319|url=http://www.history.army.mil/books/RevWar/ContArmy/CA-fm.htm|oclc=8806011|access-date=30 October 2013|archive-date=9 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191009065615/https://history.army.mil/books/RevWar/ContArmy/CA-fm.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Maass|first=John R.|url=http://www.history.army.mil/html/faq/birth.html|title=June 14th: The Birthday of the U.S. Army|publisher=U.S. Army Center of Military History|access-date=30 October 2013|archive-date=1 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181001214256/https://history.army.mil/html/faq/birth.html|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181001214256/https://history.army.mil/html/faq/birth.html |date=1 October 2018 }}</ref> | dates = 14 June 1775–1783 (as [[Continental Army]]) <br /> 1792–1796 as [[Legion of the United States]] <br /> 1796–present as United States Army | country = {{Flagu|United States}} | type = [[सेना]] | role = स्थल | size = {{ubl|452,689 active duty personnel<ref>{{cite web |title=Defense Manpower Data Center- Monthly Strength Summary |url=https://dwp.dmdc.osd.mil/dwp/api/download?fileName=ms0_2307.pdf&groupName=milTop |work=[[Defense Manpower Data Center]] |access-date=14 September 2023 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004043045/https://dwp.dmdc.osd.mil/dwp/api/download?fileName=ms0_2307.pdf&groupName=milTop |date=4 October 2023 }}</ref> | 325,218 [[Army National Guard]] personnel | 176,968 [[United States Army Reserves|Army Reserve]] personnel<ref>{{cite web |url=https://dwp.dmdc.osd.mil/dwp/api/download?fileName=DRS_42486_SelRes_202307.pdf&groupName=resRankGrade |title=Department of Defense: Selected Reserves by Rank/Grade |date=July 31, 2023 |work=[[Defense Manpower Data Center]] |access-date=14 September 2023 }}</ref> | 1,073,200 total uniformed personnel (official data as of July 31, 2023) | 330,000 civilian personnel<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.goarmy.com/careers-and-jobs/find-your-path/army-civilians.html|title=Army Civilians|website=goarmy.com|access-date=16 June 2023}}</ref> | 4,406 crewed aircraft<ref name="WAF2018">{{cite journal |title=World Air Forces 2018 |journal=Flightglobal |page=17 |url=https://www.flightglobal.com/asset/21905 |access-date=13 June 2018}}</ref> }} | command_structure = [[अमेरिकी सशस्त्र बल]] <br />[[United States Department of the Army|Department of the Army]] | garrison = [[पेन्टागन]] <br />{{nowrap|[[Arlington County, Virginia]], U.S.}} | garrison_label = Headquarters | motto = "This We'll Defend"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.army.mil/about/|title=Who we are: The Army's Vision & Strategy|website=Army.mil|access-date=July 11, 2024}}</ref> | colors = Black, gold and white<ref>{{cite book |title=U.S. Future Combat & Weapon Systems Handbook |first=Ibp |last=Usa |page=15}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=U.S. Army Brand Guide |url=https://www.army.mil/aemo#org-army-brand |access-date=3 Nov 2022}}</ref> <br />{{color box|#030000}}&nbsp;{{color box|#FFD530}}&nbsp;{{color box|#FFFFFF}} | colors_label = Colors | march = "[[The Army Goes Rolling Along]]" {{audio|Army goes rolling along.ogg|Play}} | mascot = [[Army Mules]] | equipment = [[List of equipment of the United States Army|List of U.S. Army equipment]] | battles = {{collapsible list | titlestyle = background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:normal; | title = See list |[[File:Streamer RW.PNG|200px]] <br />[[अमेरिकी क्रान्तिकारी युद्ध|क्रान्तिकारी युद्ध]] <br />[[File:Streamer W1812.PNG|200px]] <br />[[War of 1812]] <br />[[File:Streamer MW.PNG|200px]] <br />[[Mexican–American War]] <br />[[File:Streamer CW.PNG|200px]] <br />[[अमेरिकी गृहयुद्ध|गृहयुद्ध]] <br />[[File:Streamer IW.PNG|200px]] <br />[[American Indian Wars|Indian Wars]] <br />[[File:Streamer SC.PNG|200px]] <br />[[स्पेन अमेरिका युद्ध]] <br />[[File:Streamer CRE.PNG|200px]] <br />[[China Relief Expedition]] <br />[[File:Streamer PC.PNG|200px]] <br />[[Philippine–American War]] <br />[[File:Streamer MS.PNG|200px]] <br />[[Mexican Expedition]] <br />[[File:Streamer WWI V.PNG|200px]] <br />[[पहिलो विश्वयुद्ध]] <br />[[Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War|Russian Civil War]] <br />[[Bonus Army suppression]] <br />[[File:World War II - American Campaign Streamer (Plain).png|200px]] <br />[[File:Streamer APC.PNG|200px]] <br />[[File:European-African-Middle Eastern Campaign Medal streamer.png|200px]] <br />[[दोस्रो विश्व युद्ध]] <br />[[File:Korean Service Medal - Streamer.png|200px]] <br />[[कोरियाली युद्ध]] <br />[[1958 Lebanon crisis]] <br />[[File:Vietnam Service Streamer vector.svg|200px]] <br />[[भियतनाम युद्ध]] <br />[[File:Streamer AFE.PNG|200px]] <br />[[Dominican Civil War]] <br />[[File:Streamer AFE.PNG|200px]] <br />[[Korean DMZ Conflict (1966–1969)|Korean DMZ Conflict]] <br />[[File:Streamer AFE.PNG|200px]] <br />[[US invasion of Grenada|Invasion of Grenada]] <br />[[File:Streamer AFE.PNG|200px]]|[[United States Invasion of Panama|Invasion of Panama]] <br />[[File:Streamer AFE.PNG|200px]] <br />[[Unified Task Force|Somali Civil War]] <br />[[File:Streamer SAS.PNG|200px]] <br />[[Gulf War|Persian Gulf War]] <br />[[File:Streamer KC.PNG|200px]] <br />[[Kosovo War]] <br />[[File:Streamer gwotE.PNG|200px]] <br />[[Global War on Terrorism]] <br />[[File:Streamer AFGCS.PNG|200px]] <br />[[War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)|War in Afghanistan]] <br />[[File:Iraq Campaign streamer.svg|200px]] <br />[[इराक युद्ध]] <br />[[File:Inherent Resolve Campaign streamer.svg|200px]] [[Operation Inherent Resolve]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://quicksearch.dla.mil/qsDocDetails.aspx?ident_number=70415 |title=ASSIST-QuickSearch Document Details |access-date=6 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180207122448/http://quicksearch.dla.mil/qsDocDetails.aspx?ident_number=70415 |archive-date=7 February 2018 |url-status=dead }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180207122448/http://quicksearch.dla.mil/qsDocDetails.aspx?ident_number=70415 |date=7 February 2018 }}</ref> <br />[[Battle of Khasham]] }} | anniversaries = [[U.S. Army Birthdays|Army Birthday]]: 14 June<ref>{{cite web|url=https://history.army.mil/html/faq/birth.html|title=June 14th: The Birthday of the U.S. Army|website=U.S. Army Center of Military History|access-date=February 17, 2024}}</ref> | website = {{ubl|{{URL|www.army.mil|army.mil}}|{{URL|www.goarmy.com|goarmy.com}}}} <!-- Commanders --> | commander1 = {{Flagicon image|Flag of the President of the United States.svg|size=25px}} [[अमेरिकी राष्ट्रपति |राष्ट्रपति]] [[ जो बाइडेन]] | commander1_label = [[कमान्डर-इन-चिफ]] | commander2 = {{Flagicon image|Flag of the United States Secretary of Defense.svg|size=25px}} [[Lloyd Austin]] | commander2_label = सेक्रेटरी अफ डिफेन्स | commander3 = {{Flagicon image|Flag of the United States Secretary of the Army.svg|size=25px}} [[Christine Wormuth]] | commander3_label = सेक्रेटरी अफ आर्मी | commander4 = {{Flagicon image|Flag of the Chief of Staff of the United States Army.svg|size=25px}} [[General (United States)|GEN]] [[Randy A. George]] | commander4_label = चिफ अफ स्टाफ | commander5 = {{Flagicon image|Flag of the Vice Chief of Staff of the United States Army.svg|size=25px}} [[General (United States)|GEN]] [[James J. Mingus]] | commander5_label = [[Vice Chief of Staff of the United States Army|Vice Chief of Staff]] | commander6 = {{Flagicon image|Flag of the Sergeant Major of the United States Army.svg|size=25px}} [[Sergeant Major of the Army|SMA]] [[Michael R. Weimer]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dvidshub.net/webcast/32423|title=Webcast: Relinquishment of Responsibility for GEN James McConville / Change of Responsibility SMA Michael Grinston|access-date=2023-07-28|website=DVIDS}}</ref> | commander6_label = [[Sergeant Major of the Army]] | notable_commanders = <!-- Insignia --> | identification_symbol = [[File:Flag of the United States Army (official proportions).svg|border|150px]] | identification_symbol_label = [[Flag of the United States Army|Flag]] | identification_symbol_2 = [[File:Field flag of the United States Army.svg|border|150px]] | identification_symbol_2_label = Field flag{{Efn|Adopted in 1962.}} }}'''संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिकी सेना''' [[अमेरिकी सशस्त्र बल|संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका सशस्त्र बल]] को स्थल सेना सेवा शाखा हो। यो आठ अमेरिकी वर्दीधारी सेवाहरू मध्ये एक हो, र यसलाई [[संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिकाको संविधान|अमेरिकी संविधान]]मा [[संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका|संयुक्त राज्यको]] सेनाको रूपमा तोकिएको छ। <ref name="Constitution">Article II, section 2, clause 1 of the [[United States Constitution]] (1789). <br /></ref> सेना अमेरिकी सैन्य सेवाको सबैभन्दा पुरानो शाखा र सबैभन्दा वरिष्ठ हो। <ref>{{Cite web |date=31 October 1977 |title=Department of Defense Directive 1005.8 |url=https://permanent.access.gpo.gov/websites/dodandmilitaryejournals/www.dtic.mil/whs/directives/corres/html2/d10058x.htm |access-date=7 July 2017 |website=Permanent.access.gpo.gov}}</ref> यसको इतिहास कन्टिनेन्टल आर्मीमा छ, यसको गठन १४ जुन १७७५ मा [[अमेरिकी क्रान्तिकारी युद्ध]] (१७७५-१७८३ ) को समयमा स्वतन्त्रताको लागि ब्रिटिश विरुद्ध लड्न गरिएको थियो। <ref name="Army_birth" /> क्रान्तिकारी युद्ध पछि, कन्फेडेरेसनको कांग्रेसले ३ जुन १७८४ मा विघटित महाद्वीपीय सेनालाई प्रतिस्थापन गर्न संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिकी सेना सिर्जना गर्यो। <ref name="Army_LOC">Library of Congress, [http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=lljc&fileName=027/lljc027.db&recNum=166&itemLink=r%3Fammem%2Fhlaw%3A@field%28DOCID%2B@lit%28jc0271%29%29%230270001&linkText=1 Journals of the Continental Congress, Volume 27]</ref> संयुक्त राज्य सेनाले आफूलाई कन्टिनेन्टल आर्मी (महाद्वीपीय सेना)को निरन्तरता मान्छ, र यसैले यसको संस्थागत स्थापनालाई १७७५ मा त्यो सशस्त्र बलको उत्पत्ति मान्दछ <ref name="Army_birth">{{Cite web |title=14 June: The Birthday of the U.S. Army |url=http://www.history.army.mil/html/faq/birth.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181001214256/https://history.army.mil/html/faq/birth.html |archive-date=1 October 2018 |access-date=1 July 2011 |publisher=[[United States Army Center of Military History]] }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181001214256/https://history.army.mil/html/faq/birth.html |date=1 October 2018 }}</ref> == मिशन == संयुक्त राज्य सेनाले [[अमेरिकी सशस्त्र बल|अमेरिकी सशस्त्र बलको]] भूमि-आधारित शाखाको रूपमा सेवा गर्दछ। [https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/10/7062 अध्याय १० को खण्ड ७०६२, यूएस कोडले] सेनाको उद्देश्यलाई निम्न रूपमा परिभाषित गर्दछ: <ref>DA Pamphlet 10–1 ''Organization of the United States Army''; Figure 1.2 ''Military Operations''.</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=10 USC 3062: Policy; composition; organized peace establishment |url=http://uscodebeta.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title10-section3062&num=0&edition=prelim |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131005010612/http://uscodebeta.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title10-section3062&num=0&edition=prelim |archive-date=5 October 2013 |access-date=21 August 2013 |publisher=U.S. House of Representatives }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131005010612/http://uscodebeta.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title10-section3062&num=0&edition=prelim |date=5 October 2013 }}</ref> * शान्ति र सुरक्षाको संरक्षण र संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका, राष्ट्रमंडल र सम्पत्ति, र संयुक्त राज्यले कब्जा गरेको कुनै पनि क्षेत्रको रक्षाको लागि प्रदान गर्ने * राष्ट्रिय नीतिहरूलाई समर्थन गर्ने * राष्ट्रिय उद्देश्यहरू कार्यान्वयन गर्ने * संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिकाको शान्ति र सुरक्षालाई खतरामा पार्ने आक्रामक कार्यहरूको लागि जिम्मेवार कुनै पनि राष्ट्रहरूलाई पराजित गर्ने == इतिहास == === उत्पत्ति === दोस्रो महाद्वीपीय कांग्रेस <ref>[http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/hlaw:@field(DOCID+@lit(jc00235)): Cont'l Cong.]</ref> द्वारा ग्रेट ब्रिटेनसँग लड्न उपनिवेशहरूको लागि एक एकीकृत सेनाको रूपमा १४ जुन १७७५ मा कन्टिनेन्टल आर्मी (महाद्वीपीय सेना) को सिर्जना गरिएको थियो, [[जर्ज वासिङ्टन|जर्ज वाशिंगटनलाई]] यसको कमाण्डर नियुक्त गरियो। <ref name="Army_birth"/> <ref>[http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/hlaw:@field(DOCID+@lit(jc00238)): Cont'l Cong.]</ref> <ref>[http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/hlaw:@field(DOCID+@lit(jc00240)): Cont'l Cong.]</ref> <ref>[http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/hlaw:@field(DOCID+@lit(jc00580)): Cont'l Cong.]</ref>सेनाको नेतृत्व सुरुमा बेलायती सेना वा औपनिवेशिक मिलिसियाहरूमा सेवा गरेका व्यक्तिहरूले गरेका थिए र जसले धेरै ब्रिटिश सैन्य सम्पत्ती आफूसँगै ल्याएका थिए। क्रान्तिकारी युद्ध अगाडी बढ्दै जाँदा , फ्रान्सेली सहायता, स्रोतहरू र सैन्य सोचले नयाँ सेनालाई आकार दिन मद्दत गर्यो। फ्रेडरिक विल्हेल्म भोन स्टुबेन जस्ता धेरै युरोपेली सिपाहीहरू आफ्नै मद्दतको लागि आए, जसले प्रसियन सेनाको रणनीति र संगठनात्मक सीपहरू सिकाए। युद्ध पछि, महाद्वीपीय सेनालाई भूमि प्रमाणपत्र दिइयो र भंग गरियो। यद्यपि, मूल निवासी अमेरिकीहरूसँग निरन्तर द्वन्द्वको कारण, चाँडै एक प्रशिक्षित स्थायी सेना फिल्ड गर्न आवश्यक ठानियो। रेगुलर आर्मी सुरुमा निकै सानो थियो र वाबाशको युद्धमा जनरल सेन्ट क्लेयरको पराजय पछि, <ref name="Buffenbarger">{{Cite web |last=Buffenbarger |first=Thomas E. |date=15 September 2011 |title=St. Clair's Campaign of 1791: A Defeat in the Wilderness That Helped Forge Today's U.S. Army |url=http://www.army.mil/article/65594 |publisher=U.S. Army Heritage and Education Center}}</ref> जहाँ ८०० भन्दा बढी सिपाहीहरू मारिएका थिए, रेगुलर आर्मीलाई संयुक्त राज्यको सेनाको रूपमा पुनर्गठित गरिएको थियो, जुन १७९१ मा स्थापित भएको थियो। १७९६ मा युनाइटेड स्टेट्स आर्मी नामाकरण गरियो । === विश्व युद्धहरू === संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका सन् १९१७ मा बेलायत, फ्रान्स, [[रुसी साम्राज्य|रुस]], इटाली र अन्य सहयोगी राष्ट्रहरूको पक्षमा "सम्बद्ध शक्ति" को रूपमा प्रथम विश्वयुद्धमा सामेल भयो । अमेरिकी सेनाहरू पश्चिमी मोर्चामा पठाइयो र युद्ध समाप्त गर्ने अन्तिम आक्रमणहरूमा संलग्न थिए। नोभेम्बर १९१८ मा युद्धविराम संग, सेनाको आकार घटाइयो। [[पर्ल हार्बर आक्रमण|पर्ल हार्बरमा]] [[जापानी साम्राज्य|जापानी]] आक्रमण पछि संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका डिसेम्बर १९४१ मा [[दोस्रो विश्व युद्ध|दोस्रो विश्व युद्धमा]] सामेल भयो। लगभग ११ मिलियन अमेरिकीहरूले विभिन्न सेना अपरेसनहरूमा सेवा गर्ने थिए। <ref name="debruyne">{{Citation |last=Nese DeBruyne, Congressional Research Service |title=American War and Military Operations Casualties: Lists and Statistics |date=18 September 2018 |url=https://fas.org/sgp/crs/natsec/RL32492.pdf |at=Page 3, note j — |quote=World War II: 10.42 million (1 December 1941-31 August 1945) }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230514171012/https://sgp.fas.org/crs/natsec/RL32492.pdf |date=14 May 2023 }}.</ref> <ref name="amh-v2">{{Citation |title=American Military History |volume=2 |page=122 |chapter=Chapter 4: "GRAND STRATEGY AND THE WASHINGTON HIGH COMMAND" |chapter-url=https://history.army.mil/books/AMH-V2/AMH%20V2/chapter4.htm |publisher=[[United States Army Center of Military History]] |quote=10.4 million}}</ref> युरोपेली मोर्चामा, अमेरिकी सेनाका सेनाहरूले फ्रान्सेली उत्तर अफ्रिकामा अवतरण गर्ने र ट्युनिसियालाई लिएर सिसिलीमा गएर पछि इटालीमा लडेका सेनाहरूको महत्त्वपूर्ण भाग बनाए। सन् १९४४ को जुनमा उत्तरी फ्रान्सको अवतरण र त्यसपछिको युरोपको मुक्ति र [[नाजी जर्मनी|नाजी जर्मनीको]] पराजयमा लाखौं अमेरिकी सेनाको सेनाले केन्द्रीय भूमिका खेलेको थियो। सन् १९४७ मा अमेरिकी सेनामा सिपाहीको संख्या सन् १९४५ मा ८० लाखबाट घटेर ६ लाख ८४ हजार सिपाही भएको थियो र सक्रिय [[डिभिजन (सैन्य)|डिभिजन]]को कुल संख्या ८९ बाट १२ मा झरेको थियो। सेनाका नेताहरूले यो विघटनलाई सफलताको रूपमा लिए। <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 August 2020 |title=The Points Were All That Mattered: The US Army's Demobilization After World War II |url=https://www.nationalww2museum.org/war/articles/points-system-us-armys-demobilization#:~:text=The%20US%20Army%20finally%20ended,684%2C000%20on%20July%201%2C%201947. |access-date=November 4, 2022 |website=The National WWII Museum New Orleans}}</ref> === शीत युद्ध === ==== १९४५-१९६० ==== [[चित्र:Exercise_Desert_Rock_I_(Buster-Jangle_Dog)_003.jpg|पाठ=|अङ्गुठाकार| [[कोरियाली युद्ध|कोरियाली युद्धको]] समयमा नेभाडा परीक्षण साइटमा अपरेशन बस्टर-जङ्गलको परमाणु बम परीक्षणको अवलोकन गर्दै अमेरिकी सेनाका सैनिकहरू]] ==== १९६०-१९७० ==== [[भियतनाम युद्ध]] प्रायः अमेरिकी सेनाको लागि अनिवार्य सैन्य सेवाको प्रयोग, अमेरिकी जनतासँग युद्धको अलोकप्रियता र अमेरिकी राजनीतिक नेताहरूले सेनामा लगाइएका निराशाजनक प्रतिबन्धहरूको कारणले गर्दा अमेरिकी सेनाको लागि कम बिन्दुको रूपमा मानिन्छ। अमेरिकी सेनाहरू सन् १९५९ देखि [[दक्षिण भियतनाम|दक्षिण भियतनाममा]] खुफिया र सल्लाह/प्रशिक्षण भूमिकामा तैनाथ भएतापनि, टोन्किनको खाडी घटनापछि सन् १९६५ सम्म ठूलो सङ्ख्यामा तैनाथ गरिएको थिएन। अमेरिकी सेनाहरूले प्रभावकारी रूपमा "परम्परागत" रणभूमिको नियन्त्रण स्थापना र कायम राखे, तर उनीहरूले कम्युनिष्ट भियत कङ र भियतनाम जनसेनाको [[छापामार युद्ध|छापामार]] हिट र रन रणनीतिहरूको सामना गर्न संघर्ष गर्नु पर्‍यो। <ref>Woodruff, Mark. </ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Shidler |first=Derek |title=Vietnam's Changing Historiography: Ngo Dinh Diem and America's Leadership |url=https://www.eiu.edu/historia/Historia2009Shidler.pdf}}</ref> === १९९० को दशक === १९९० मा, [[इराक|इराकले]] आफ्नो छिमेकी [[कुवेत|कुवेतमा]] आक्रमण गर्‍यो र [[साउदी अरब|साउदी अरेबिया]]को सुरक्षा सुनिश्चित गर्न अमेरिकी स्थलसेना तुरुन्तै तैनाथ गरियो। जनवरी १९९१ मा [[खाडी युद्ध|खाडी युद्ध]] सुरु भयो, अमेरिकी नेतृत्वको गठबन्धनले [[अपरेशन डेजर्ट स्टर्म|इराकी सेनाहरूलाई धपाउन]] ५००,००० भन्दा बढी सेनाहरू, जसमध्ये धेरैजसो अमेरिकी सेनाको संरचनाहरूबाट खटाइएको थियो। पश्चिमी गठबन्धन सेनाहरूले इराकी सेनालाई पराजित गरेपछि अभियान पूर्ण विजयमा समाप्त भयो। इतिहासका केही ठूला ट्याङ्क युद्धहरू खाडी युद्धको समयमा लडिएका थिए। मदिना रिजको युद्ध, नोर्फोकको युद्ध ऐतिहासिक महत्वको ट्याङ्क युद्धहरू थिए। <ref>{{Cite web |title=10 Most Epic Tank Battles in Military History |url=http://www.militaryeducation.org/10-most-epic-tank-battles-in-military-history/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171113173424/http://www.militaryeducation.org/10-most-epic-tank-battles-in-military-history/ |archive-date=13 November 2017 |access-date=2 November 2017 |website=Militaryeducation.org}}</ref> <ref>VUA Citation</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 March 2016 |title=These were the 6 most massive tank battles in US history |url=http://www.wearethemighty.com/articles/6-massive-tank-battles-from-us-history |access-date=2 November 2017 |website=Wearethemighty.com}}</ref> === २१औं शताब्दी === २००१ [[सेप्टेम्बर ११ को हमला|सेप्टेम्बर ११ को आक्रमण]]मा, पेन्टागनमा आतंकवादी हमलामा मारिएका १२५ पीडितहरू मध्ये ५३ नागरिकहरू (४७ कर्मचारी र छ ठेकेदारहरू) र २२ सैनिकहरू थिए जब अमेरिकन एयरलाइन्सको फ्लाइट ७७ लाई पाँच [[अल कायदा|अल-कायदा]] अपहरणकर्ताहरूले अपहरण गरेको थियो। <ref>{{Cite web |title=September 11, 2001 Pentagon Victims |url=http://www.patriotresource.com/wtc/victims/pentagon.html |access-date=13 November 2015 |website=patriotresource.com}}</ref> ११ सेप्टेम्बरको आक्रमणको प्रतिक्रियामा र आतंक विरुद्धको विश्वव्यापी युद्धको रूपमा, अमेरिकी र [[नाटो]] सेनाहरूले अक्टोबर २००१ मा अफगानिस्तानमा आक्रमण गरे, [[तालिबान]] सरकारलाई विस्थापित गरे। अमेरिकी सेनाले सन् २००३ मा इराकमा अमेरिकी र सहयोगी राष्ट्रहरूको संयुक्त आक्रमणको पनि नेतृत्व गरेको थियो; यसले छोटो र दीर्घकालीन परिनियोजन कार्यहरू दिगो राख्न सक्ने क्षमताको साथ स्थल सेनाहरूको लागि प्राथमिक स्रोतको रूपमा सेवा गर्‍यो। त्यसपछिका वर्षहरूमा, मिसन नियमित सेनाहरू बीचको द्वन्द्वबाट प्रतिविद्रोहमा परिणत भयो, जसको परिणाम स्वरूप ४,००० भन्दा बढी अमेरिकी सदस्यहरूको मृत्यु भयो (मार्च २००८ सम्म) र हजारौं घाइते भए। <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Burnham |first=Gilbert |last2=Lafta |first2=Riyadh |last3=Doocy |first3=Shannon |last4=Roberts |first4=Les |date=12 October 2006 |title=Mortality after the 2003 invasion of Iraq: a cross-sectional cluster sample survey |url= |journal=The Lancet |language=en |volume=368 |issue=9545 |pages=1421–1428 |citeseerx=10.1.1.88.4036 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(06)69491-9 |issn=0140-6736 |pmid=17055943 |s2cid=23673934}}</ref> <ref name="Lancet supplement">{{Cite web |title=The Human Cost of the War in Iraq: A Mortality Study, 2002–2006 |url=http://web.mit.edu/CIS/pdf/Human_Cost_of_War.pdf}}</ref> सन् २००३ देखि २०११ सम्म इराकमा २३,८१३ विद्रोही मारिएका थिए। <ref>597 killed in 2003,, 23,984 killed from 2004 through 2009 (with the exceptions of May 2004 and March 2009), 652 killed in May 2004, 45 killed in March 2009, 676 killed in 2010, 451 killed in 2011 (with the exception of February), {{Cite web |title=239 people killed in Iraq in August and killed by the U.S. Military |url=http://www.nenosplace.com/showthread.php?45792-239-people-killed-in-Iraq-in-August-and-killed-by-the-U.S.-military |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120112042255/http://www.nenosplace.com/showthread.php?45792-239-people-killed-in-Iraq-in-August-and-killed-by-the-U.S.-military |archive-date=12 January 2012 |access-date=22 October 2011 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120112042255/http://www.nenosplace.com/showthread.php?45792-239-people-killed-in-Iraq-in-August-and-killed-by-the-U.S.-military |date=12 January 2012 }}</ref> == कर्मचारी == === अधिकृत === <div style="width:100%; overflow:auto"> {| style="background-color:#F7F8FF; border:1px solid #8888aa; padding:5px; margin-bottom:15px; font-size:90%; text-align:center;" |- style="background-color:#CCC;" ![[U.S. uniformed services pay grades#Officer pay grades|US&nbsp;DoD<br/>pay grade]] !Special grade{{Efn|Reserved for wartime use only.}} !O-10 !O-9 !O-8 !O-7 !O-6 !O-5 !O-4 !O-3 !O-2 !O-1 |-style="background-color:#CCC;" ![[Ranks and insignia of NATO#Definitions|NATO code]] !OF-10 !OF-9 !OF-8 !OF-7 !OF-6 !OF-5 !OF-4 !OF-3 !OF-2 !colspan=2|OF-1<!--The NATO Code for first lieutenant is OF-1, not OF-2. Please DO NOT change--> |- !दर्ज्यानी चिन्ह |[[File:US-O11 insignia.svg|65px]] |[[File:US-O10 insignia.svg|100px]] |[[File:US-O9 insignia.svg|80px]] |[[File:US-O8 insignia.svg|65px]] |[[File:US-O7 insignia.svg|35px]] |[[File:US-O6 insignia.svg|60px]] |[[File:US-O5 insignia.svg|40px]] |[[File:US-O4 insignia.svg|40px]] |[[File:US-O3 insignia.svg|46px]] |[[File:US-O2 insignia.svg|18px]] |[[File:US-O1 insignia.svg|18px]] |- !Army Green Service Uniform |[[File:US Army O11 (Army greens).svg|50px]] |[[File:US Army O10 (Army greens).svg|50px]] |[[File:US Army O9 (Army greens).svg|50px]] |[[File:US Army O8 (Army greens).svg|50px]] |[[File:US Army O7 (Army greens).svg|50px]] |[[File:US Army O6 (Army greens).svg|50px]] |[[File:US Army O5 (Army greens).svg|50px]] |[[File:US Army O4 (Army greens).svg|50px]] |[[File:US Army O3 (Army greens).svg|50px]] |[[File:US Army O2 (Army greens).svg|50px]] |[[File:US Army O1 (Army greens).svg|50px]] |-{{#if: {{{short|}}}|style="display:none"}} !Army Blue Service Uniform |[[File:Army-USA-OF-10.svg|70px]] |[[File:Army-USA-OF-09.svg|70px]] |[[File:Army-USA-OF-08.svg|70px]] |[[File:Army-USA-OF-07.svg|70px]] |[[File:Army-USA-OF-06.svg|70px]] |[[File:Army-USA-OF-05.svg|70px]] |[[File:Army-USA-OF-04.svg|70px]] |[[File:Army-USA-OF-03.svg|70px]] |[[File:Army-USA-OF-02.svg|70px]] |[[File:Army-USA-OF-01a.svg|70px]] |[[File:Army-USA-OF-01b.svg|70px]] |-{{#if: {{{short|}}}|style="display:none"}} !Army Combat Uniform | |[[File:USA OCP O10.jpg|60x50px]] |[[File:USA OCP O9.png|60x50px]] |[[File:USA OCP O8.png|60x50px]] |[[File:USA OCP O7.png|60x50px]] |[[File:USA OCP O6.png|60x50px]] |[[File:USA OCP O5.png|60x50px]] |[[File:USA OCP O4.png|60x50px]] |[[File:USA OCP O3.png|60x50px]] |[[File:USA OCP O2.png|60x50px]] |[[File:USA OCP O1.png|60x50px]] |- !Title |[[General of the Army (United States)|General of the Army]] |[[जनरल]] |[[लेफ्टिनेन्ट जनरल]] |[[मेजर जनरल]] |[[ब्रिगेडियर जनरल]] |[[कर्नल]] |[[लेफ्टिनेन्ट कर्नल]] |[[मेजर]] |[[क्याप्टेन]] |फस्ट लुटेनेन्ट |सेकेन्ड लुटेनेन्ट |- !छोटो रुप |GA |GEN |LTG |MG |BG |COL |LTC |MAJ |CPT |1LT |2LT |}</div><noinclude> </noinclude> {{US Army Warrant Officer}}{{US Army Enlisted}} == नोटहरू == {{Notelist}} ==यो पनि हेर्नुहोस्== {{संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिकाको विषय}} == सन्दर्भहरू == {{Reflist}} ==बाह्य कडीहरू== * {{Official website}} * [https://www.army.mil/photos Army.mil/photos] – United States Army featured photos * [http://collections.mohistory.org/search/custom_search?text=Army U.S. Army Collection] ({{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130702073047/http://collections.mohistory.org/search/custom_search?text=Army|date=2 July 2013}}) – Missouri History Museum * [http://www.history.army.mil/reference/Finding%20Aids/research.htm Finding Aids for researching the U.S. Army]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101109163940/http://www.history.army.mil/reference/Finding%20Aids/research.htm|date=9 November 2010}} (compiled by the United States Army Center of Military History). * [https://web.archive.org/web/20121126003035/http://www.us-militaria.com/en US-militaria.com] – The U.S. Army during the Second World War (archived 26 December 2012) {{US Army navbox}}{{Navboxes}} [[श्रेणी:सेना]] bjuqobtecajxpd5ogaq88iop4vp889d 0 142387 1354824 1353969 2026-05-10T12:40:18Z Bishaldev100 28807 /* यो पनि हेर्नुहोस् */ 1354824 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Refrigeration PV diagram.svg|thumb|A representative pressure–volume diagram for a refrigeration cycle]] '''भेपर कम्प्रेसन रेफ्रिजरेसन''' वा '''भेपर कम्प्रेसन रेफ्रिजरेसन प्रणाली<ref>{{cite book|author=Y. V. C. Rao|title=An Introduction to Thermodynamics|edition=2nd|publisher=Universities Press|year=2003|isbn=978-81-7371-461-0|url=https://universitiespress.com/details?id=9788173714610}}</ref>''' ('''VCRS''') [[रेफ्रिजेरेन्ट|रेफ्रिजरेन्ट]]को अवस्था परिवर्तन हुने, धेरै रेफ्रिजरेसनल चक्रहरू मध्ये एक हो। यो भवन र [[मोटरगाडी|अटोमोबाइल]]को [[एयर कन्डिसनिङ]]को लागि सबैभन्दा व्यापक रूपमा प्रयोग हुने विधि हो। यो घरायसी र व्यावसायिक फ्रिजहरू, खाना र मासुको चिसो वा [[शीत भण्डार|शीत भण्डारण]]का लागि ठूला-स्तरका गोदामहरू, रेफ्रिजरेटेड ट्रकहरू र रेलरोड कारहरू, र अन्य व्यावसायिक र औद्योगिक सेवाहरूमा पनि प्रयोग गरिन्छ। तेल प्रशोधन केन्द्र, पेट्रोकेमिकल र रासायनिक प्रशोधन केन्द्र, र [[प्राकृतिक ग्याँस|प्राकृतिक ग्यास]] प्रशोधन केन्द्र धेरै प्रकारका औद्योगिक केन्द्रहरूमा प्रायः ठूला भेपर -कम्प्रेसन रेफ्रिजरेसन प्रणालीहरू प्रयोग गर्छन्। दुई कम्प्रेसरहरू प्रयोग गरेर क्यासकेड रेफ्रिजरेसन प्रणालीहरू पनि कार्यान्वयन गर्न सकिन्छ। रेफ्रिजरेसनलाई कुनै बन्द ठाउँबाट ताप हटाएर अन्यत्र स्थानान्तरण गरेर त्यस ठाउँको तापक्रम घटाउने प्रकृयाको रूपमा परिभाषित गर्न सकिन्छ। यो कार्य गर्ने उपकरणलाई [[एयर कन्डिसनिङ|वातानुकूलन]], फ्रिज, जियोथर्मल हिट पम्प, वा [[चिलर]] (हिट पम्प) पनि भनिन्छ। == वर्णन == [[चित्र:Refrigeration.png|दायाँ|फ्रेम|चित्र १ः भेपर कम्प्रेसन रेफ्रिजरेसन]] यस प्रणालीमा चिसो गरिने ठाउँबाट ताप शोषण गर्न र हटाउन परिसंचारी (घुमिरहने) तरल [[रेफ्रिजेरेन्ट|रेफ्रिजरेन्ट]]लाई माध्यमको रूपमा प्रयोग गर्दछ र पछि त्यो तापलाई अन्यत्र बिसर्जन गर्दछ। चित्र १ः ले एक विशुद्ध, भेपर कम्प्रेसन रेफ्रिजरेसन प्रणाली चित्रण गर्दछ। त्यस्ता सबै प्रणालीहरूमा चारवटा अंगहरू हुन्छन्ः [[कम्प्रेसर]], कन्डेन्सर, थर्मल एक्सपान्सन भल्भ (जसलाई थ्रोटल भल्भ पनि भनिन्छ) र इभापोरेटर। परिसंचारी रेफ्रिजेरेन्ट संतृप्त वाष्प अवस्थामा कम्प्रेसरमा प्रवेश गर्दछ<ref>Saturated vapors and saturated liquids are vapors and liquids at their [[saturation temperature]] and [[saturation pressure]]. A superheated vapor is at a temperature higher than the saturation temperature corresponding to its pressure.</ref> र उच्च दबावमा सङ्कुचित हुन्छ, परिणामस्वरूप तापमान पनि उच्च हुन्छ। तातो, सङ्कुचित वाष्पको यो अवस्थालाई सुपरहीटेड वाष्प भनिन्छ र यो तापक्रम र दबाबमा हुन्छ जसमा यसलाई चिसो पानी वा कोइल वा ट्युबहरूमा बग्ने चिसो हावाले घनीभूत गर्न सकिन्छ। सुपरहिट भेपर त्यसपछि कन्डेन्सर मा प्रवाह हुन्छ। यहाँ तातो परिसंचारी रेफ्रिजरन्टबाट तापलाई बाह्य माध्यममा स्थानान्तरण गरिन्छ, जसले गैसीय रेफ्रिजरान्टलाई चिसो र तरलमा घनीभूत हुन्छ। कन्डेन्सरको प्रकारअनुसार बसर्जित ताप पानी वा हावाले पर लान्छ। कन्डेन्स्ड तरल रेफ्रिजरेन्टको थर्मोडायनामिक अवस्थालाई संतृप्त तरल ([[:en:Boiling_point#Saturation_temperature_and_pressure|saturated liquid]]) भनेर चिनिन्छ, र यसलाई एक्सपान्सन भल्भ मार्फत पठाइन्छ जहाँ यसको दबाबमा अचानक कमी आउँछ । यस चरणमा तरल र वाष्प रेफ्रिजरेन्ट मिश्रणको तापक्रम कम हुन्छ जहाँ यो रेफ्रिजरेटेड हुने ठाउँको तापक्रम भन्दा चिसो हुन्छ। चिसो रेफ्रिजरेन्ट तरल र वाष्प मिश्रणलाई त्यसपछि इभापोरेटरमा कोइल वा ट्युबहरू मार्फत पठाइन्छ। हावा तरल रेफ्रिजरेन्ट भन्दा तातो भएकाले, ताप हावाबाट रेफ्रिजरेन्टमा सर्छ, जसले हावालाई चिसो बनाउँछ र रेफ्रिजरेन्टलाई तातो बनाउँछ। रेफ्रिजरेन्टको [[वाष्पीकरण]] हुन्छ र यसलाई गैसीय अवस्थामा फर्काइदिन्छ। रेफ्रिजरेसन चक्र पूरा गर्न, रेफ्रिजरेन्ट इभापोरेटरबाट संतृप्त वाष्प (saturated vapor) को रुपमा कम्प्रेसरमा प्रवेश गर्छ। समय बित्दै जाँदा, इभापोरेटरमा [[आद्रता|आर्द्रता]] बरफ वा पानी सङ्कलन हुन सक्छ। डिफ्रोस्टिङ माध्यमबाट बरफ पग्लिन्छ। पग्लिएको बरफ वा इभापोरेटरको पानी त्यसपछि ड्रिप प्यानमा झर्छ, र पानी गुरुत्वाकर्षण वा कन्डेन्सेट पम्पद्वारा बाहिर निकालिन्छ । === रेफ्रिजरेन्ट === == ग्यास कम्प्रेसरको प्रकार == रेफ्रिजरेसनमा प्रयोग हुने सबैभन्दा प्रचलित कम्प्रेसरहरू रेसीप्रोकेटिङ र [[स्क्रोल कम्प्रेसर]] हुन्, तर ठुला चिलरहरू वा औद्योगिक चक्रहरूमा रोटरी स्क्रू वा [[सेन्ट्रिफ्युगल कम्प्रेसर|सेन्ट्रिफुगल कम्प्रेसर]]हरूको प्रयोग गर्न सकिन्छ। == उपयोग == == आर्थिक विश्लेषण == === लाभहरू === * धेरै परिपक्व प्रविधि। * सापेक्षिक रूपमा सस्तो। * यान्त्रिक ऊर्जा (पानी, कार वा ट्रक मोटर) वा विद्युतीय ऊर्जा प्रयोग गरेर सिधै चलाउन सकिन्छ। * कार्नोटको सैद्धान्तिक सीमाको ६०% सम्म कुशल === कमजोरीहरू === धेरै प्रणालीमा अझै पनि हाइड्रो क्लोरोफ्लोरो कार्बन (एचसिएफसी) रेफ्रिजरेन्टहरू प्रयोग गरिन्छ , जसले पृथ्वीको ओजोन तहमा क्षयीकरणमा काम गर्छ। मोन्ट्रियल सम्झौता पालना गर्ने देशहरूमा, एचसिएफसीहरू चरणबद्ध रूपमा बाहिर निस्कने छन् र धेरै हदसम्म ओजोन-अनुकूल हाइड्रो फ्लोरो कार्बन ( एचएफसीहरू) बाट प्रतिस्थापन गरिँदैछन्। यद्यपि, एचएफसी रेफ्रिजरेन्ट प्रयोग गर्ने प्रणालीहरू एचसीएफसी प्रयोग गर्ने प्रणालीको तुलनामा थोरै कम कुशल हुन्छन्। एचएफसीसँग पनि [[जलवायु परिवर्तन]]को अत्यधिक ठूलो सम्भावना हुन्छ, किनकि तिनीहरू धेरै वर्षसम्म वायुमण्डलमा रहन्छन् र [[कार्बनडाइअक्साइड|कार्बन डाइअक्साइड]] बढी प्रभावकारी रूपमा तापलाई समात्छन्। हाइड्रो फ्लोरो कार्बन (एचसिएफसी) अन्तिम चरणमा समाप्त भएपछि, वैकल्पिक गैर-हलोअल्केन रेफ्रिजरेन्टले लोकप्रियता प्राप्त गरिरहेको छ। विशेष गरी, कुनै जमानामा त्यागिएका रेफ्रिजरेन्टहरू जस्तै [[हाइड्रोकार्बन]] (उदाहरणका लागि ब्युटेन) र [[कार्बनडाइअक्साइड]] (CO₂ ) व्यापक प्रयोगमा फिर्ता आउँदै छन्। उदाहरणका लागि, [[जर्मनी]]मा भएको [[२००६ फिफा विश्वकप]] [[कोका-कोला]]को भेन्डिङ मेसिनले कार्बनडाइअक्साइड प्रयोग गरेर रेफ्रिजरेसन प्रयोग गरेको थियो।<ref>[http://www.thecoca-colacompany.com/citizenship/environmental_report2006.pdf 2006 Environmental Performance, the Coca-Cola Company] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111110131010/http://www.thecoca-colacompany.com/citizenship/environmental_report2006.pdf|date=2011-11-10}} (scroll down to pdf page 6 of 9 pdf pages).</ref> [[अमोनिया]] (NH₃) सबैभन्दा पुरानो रेफ्रिजरेन्टहरू मध्ये एक हो, उत्कृष्ट प्रदर्शन र अनिवार्य रूपमा यसको कुनै प्रदूषण समस्याहरू छैनन्। यद्यपि, अमोनियाका दुई कमजोरीहरू छन्ः यो विषाक्त छ र यो तामाको ट्युबिंगसँग असंगत छ।<ref>[https://www.osha.gov/SLTC/etools/ammonia_refrigeration/ammonia/index.html Ammonia Refrigeration – Properties of Ammonia], osha.gov, 2011</ref> ==यो पनि हेर्नुहोस्== * [[एब्जर्पसन रेफ्रिजेरेटर|एब्जर्पसन रेफ्रिजरेटर]] ** [[आइन्स्टाइन रेफ्रिजरेटर]] * [[एयर कन्डिसनिङ|वातानुकूलन]] * फ्ल्यास वाष्पीकरण * [[हिट पम्प]] * [[तापन, वायुसञ्चार तथा वातानुकूलन|ताप, भेन्टिलेसन, र वातानुकूलन]] (एचभीएसी) * चुम्बकीय शीतलन * [[रेफ्रिजेरेन्ट|रेफ्रिजरेटर]] * [[प्रशीतन|रेफ्रिजरेसन]] * [[हिट पम्प तथा रेफ्रिजेरेसन चक्र|ताप पम्प र रेफ्रिजरेसन चक्र]] * कार्यशील तरल पदार्थ == सन्दर्भहरू == {{Reflist|30em}} {{Thermodynamic cycles}} {{HVAC}} [[श्रेणी:हिटिङ, भेन्टिलेसन एन्ड एयर कन्डिसनिङ]] 1mq2fxbi19ppcscuh7bkufy11ywr50j 0 142671 1354823 1318016 2026-05-10T12:36:22Z Bishaldev100 28807 1354823 wikitext text/x-wiki [[चित्र:Compressor_wheel_Napier_NA357.JPG|अङ्गुठाकार|सेन्ट्रिफुगल इम्पेलर]] '''सेन्ट्रिफ्युगल [[कम्प्रेसर]],''' कहिलेकाँही '''इम्पेलर कम्प्रेसर''' वा '''रेडियल कम्प्रेसर''' भनिन्छ, डाइनामिक टर्बो मेसिनरीको उप-वर्ग हो।<ref name="Shepherd">{{Cite book|title=Principles of turbomachinery.|location=New York}}</ref> यसले रोटर/इम्पेलर मार्फत तरल पदार्थको निरन्तर प्रवाहमा ऊर्जा थप गरेर दबाब वृद्धि प्राप्त गर्छन्। [[File:Gearbox and compressors of sectioned Rolls-Royce Dart turboprop.jpg|thumb|upright= 1.35|Figure-1.1 - 2-Stage turboshaft, 1st-stage flowpath, annular inlet, guide vanes, open impeller, vaned diffuser, vaneless return-bend]] == सेन्ट्रिफ्युगल कम्प्रेसरको अङ्ग == === प्रवेश === === सेन्ट्रिफुगल इम्पेलर === === डिफ्युजर === == उपयोग == सेन्ट्रिफ्युगल कम्प्रेसरको दुई सबैभन्दा प्रसिद्ध प्रयोगहरू [[ग्याँस टर्बाइन|ग्यास टर्बाइन]] र [[टर्बोचार्जर]] हुन् । <ref name="Lakshminarayana"> {{Cite book|title=Fluid Dynamics and Heat Transfer of Turbomachinery}}</ref> सेन्ट्रिफ्युगल कम्प्रेसरहरूको उपायोगिताको संक्षिप्त सूची र  र यसको केही साधारण विशेषता तला उल्लेख गरिएको छ। [[चित्र:DH_Goblin_annotated_colour_cutaway.png|अङ्गुठाकार|चित्र ४.१-सेन्ट्रिफुगल कम्प्रेसर र अन्य भागहरू देखाइएको [[जेट इन्जिन]]को कटवे]] [[चित्र:Turbojet_operation-centrifugal_flow-en.svg|अङ्गुठाकार|चित्र ४.२-सेन्ट्रिफ्युगल कम्प्रेसर र अन्य भागहरू देखाइएको [[जेट इन्जिन]] क्रस सेक्शन ]] * ग्यास टर्बाइन र उर्जा केन्द्रहरूमा <ref>{{cite book|author=Saravanamuttoo, H. I. H.|author2=Rogers, G. F. C.|author3=Cohen, H.|title=Gas Turbine Theory|year=2001|publisher=Prentice-Hall|isbn=978-0-13-015847-5}}</ref> (चित्र ४.१ - ४.२ हेर्नुहोस्) {{Paragraph break}} सरल आधुनिक ग्यास टर्बाइनहरू ब्रेटन चक्रमा सञ्चालन हुन्छन्। (चित्र 5.1 लाई हेर्नुहोस्) एक्सियल कम्प्रेसर वा सेन्ट्रिफ्युगल कम्प्रेसर वा दुबैको प्रयोग गरिन्छ। प्रायः सेन्ट्रिफुगल कम्प्रेसर हुने ग्यास टर्बाइनका प्रकारहरूमा साना विमान इन्जिनहरू (जस्तै टर्बोसाफ्ट, टर्बोप्रप, र टर्बोफ्यान सहायक पावर युनिटहरू, र माइक्रो टर्बाइनहरू) पर्छ। * मोटर गाडी इन्जिन र [[डिजेल इन्जिन]] [[टर्बोचार्जर]] र सुपरचार्जरहरूमा<ref name="Baines">{{cite book|author=Baines, Nicholas C.|title=Fundamentals of Turbocharging|year=2005|publisher=Concepts ETI .|isbn=978-0-933283-14-5}}</ref> (चित्र १.१ हेर्नुहोस् ){{Paragraph break}} सेन्ट्रिफ्युगल कम्प्रेसरहरूको प्रयोग रेसिप्रोकेटिङ [[आन्तरिक दहन इन्जिन]]हरूको संयोजनमा गरिन्छ । यदि यसको सञ्चालन निकास एक्जस्ट बाट हुन्छ भने  यसलाई टर्बोचार्जर भनिन्छ। यदि यान्त्रिक रूपमा इन्जिनद्वारा सञ्चालित छन् भने  यसलाई टर्बो-सुपरचार्जर भनिन्छ। * [[प्राकृतिक ग्याँस|प्राकृतिक ग्यास]] पाइपलाइन कम्प्रेसरहरू ग्यासलाई उत्पादन साइटबाट उपभोक्तासम्म आपूर्ति गर्न ।<ref name="API617">{{Cite book|title=Std 617-2002 Axial and Centrifugal Compressors and Expander-compressors for Petroleum, Chemical and Gas Industry Services|date=July 2002|location=New York}}</ref>{{Paragraph break}} त्यस्ता प्रयोगहरूका लागि सेन्ट्रिफुगल कम्प्रेसरहरू एक वा बहु-चरण हुन सक्छन् र ठूला ग्यास टर्बाइनहरूद्वारा सञ्चालित हुन सक्छन्। यी कम्प्रेसरहरू चलाउन आवश्यक शक्ति प्रायः हजारौं [[हर्स पावर|हर्सपावर]] (एचपी) मा हुन्छ। * तेल प्रशोधन केन्द्र , प्राकृतिक ग्यास प्रशोधन, पेट्रो रसायन र रासायनिक कारखानाहरूमा <ref>{{Cite book|title=Std 617-2002 Axial and Centrifugal Compressors and Expander-compressors for Petroleum, Chemical and Gas Industry Services|date=July 2002|location=New York}}</ref>{{Paragraph break}} * [[एयर कन्डिसनिङ]] र [[प्रशीतन|रेफ्रिजरेसन]] र HVAC: सेन्ट्रिफुगल कम्प्रेसरहरूले प्रायः चिलरहरूमा कम्प्रेसन आपूर्ति गर्दछ।<ref name="ASHRAE">{{Cite web |last=ASHRAE |first=American Society of Heating, Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Engineers |title=Standards & Guidelines |url=http://www.ashrae.org/technology/page/548 |access-date=23 April 2011 |publisher=ASHRAE}}</ref>{{Paragraph break}} वाष्प कम्प्रेसन चक्र (थर्मोडायनामिक चक्र, [[उष्मागतिकी|थर्मोडायनामिक्स]] र विभिन्न प्रकारका काम गर्ने तरल पदार्थहरू (रेफ्रिजेरेन्ट सेन्ट्रिफुगल कम्प्रेसरहरू) विभिन्न आकार र कन्फिगरेसनहरूमा प्रयोग गरिन्छ। यी मेसिनहरूको प्रदर्शनलाई सही रूपमा डिजाइन, परीक्षण र विश्लेषण गर्न वास्तविक ग्यास गुणहरूको प्रयोग आवश्यक छ। यी कम्प्रेसरहरूका लागि उद्योगद्वारा निर्धारित मापदण्डहरूमा ASHRAE, ASME र API समावेश छन्। * उद्योग र निर्माणमा सबै प्रकारका न्युमेटिक उपकरणहरूका लागि कम्प्रेस्ड एयर आपूर्ति गर्न।<ref name="API672">{{Cite book|title=Std 672-2007 Packaged, Integrally Geared Centrifugal Air Compressors for Petroleum, Chemical, and Gas Industry Services|date=October 2007|location=New York}}</ref>{{Paragraph break}} * * == लाभ र हानि == सेन्ट्रिफ्युजल कम्प्रेसर सबैभन्दा ठूलो उपलब्ध कम्प्रेसरहरू हुन्, आंशिक लोडहरू अन्तर्गत उच्च दक्षता प्रदान गर्दछ, हावा वा चुम्बकीय बियरिङ प्रयोग गर्दा तेल-रहित हुन सक्छ जसले बाष्पीकरण र कन्डेन्सरहरूमा ताप स्थानान्तरण गुणांक बढाउँछ, रेसिप्रोकेटिङ कम्प्रेसर भन्दा ९०% कम हलुका हुन्छ र ५०% कम ठाउँ ओगट्छ। तिनीहरू भरपर्दो छन् र मर्मत गर्न कम लागत लाग्छ किनकी शुन्य वा केही पुर्जा मात्र खिइन्छ , र केवल न्यूनतम कम्पन उत्पन्न गर्दछ। तर, यसको प्रारम्भिक लागत उच्च हुन्छ, अत्यधिक सटीक सीएनसी मेसिनिङ चाहिन्छ, इम्पेलर उच्च गतिमा घुमाउन आवश्यक हुन्छ जसकारण  साना कम्प्रेसरहरू अव्यावहारिक बन्छ, र उछाल (Surging) को  सम्भावना अधिक हुन्छ।<ref name="autogenerated1" /> सर्जिङ भनेको विपरित दिशामा ग्यास प्रवाह हो, यसको मतलब ग्यास डिस्चार्जबाट सक्शन साइडमा जान्छ, यसले विशेष गरी कम्प्रेसर बियरिङ र यसको ड्राइभ शाफ्टमा गम्भीर क्षति पुर्‍याउन सक्छ। कम्प्रेसरको डिस्चार्ज आउटपुट दबाव भन्दा उच्च हुँदा यो अवस्था आउँछ। यसले कम्प्रेसर र यसको डिस्चार्ज लाइनबीचमा ग्यासहरू अगाडि र पछाडि प्रवाह हुन्छ। <ref name="autogenerated1">{{Cite web |title=Ref Doc |url=https://download.schneider-electric.com/files?p_Doc_Ref=SPD_VAVR-AE7T7G_EN |website=download.schneider-electric.com}}</ref> ==यो पनि हेर्नुहोस्== *[[एक्सिएल कम्प्रेसर]] * [[स्क्रोल कम्प्रेसर]] ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{reflist}} [[श्रेणी:कम्प्रेसर]] knn1o8sg7bp3hxnp7mqmtdu9e9ubaxw 0 142982 1354838 1274145 2026-05-10T22:54:59Z Gzavala6 78559 1354838 wikitext text/x-wiki {{छोटो विवरण|अमेरिकी पप रक साङ्गीतिक समूह}} {{Infobox musical artist | name = {{पृष्ठको नाम}} <!-- WARNING!, Do not change the band's brand name--> | background = group_or_band | image = Maroon 5 Current Lineup Collage.jpg | landscape = yes | caption = Maroon 5 lineup since 2020 | alias = {{flatlist| * काराज फ्लावर्स (सन् १९९४–२००१) <!-- WARNING! Do not change and remove the year-period timeline of Kara's Flowers (Maroon 5's original name band). --> * {{nowrap|मरून (सन् २००१)<ref name="Maroon Music">{{cite web |title=Maroon. Formerly known as Kara's Flowers |url=http://maroonmusic.com/ |website=MaroonMusic.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010720084057/http://maroonmusic.com/ |access-date=15 November 2022 |archive-date=July 20, 2001 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010720084057/http://maroonmusic.com/ |date=20 July 2001 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Carmichael |first1=Jesse |title=news |url=http://maroonmusic.com/news.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010822130935fw_/http://maroonmusic.com/news.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=2001-08-22 |website=MaroonMusic.com |access-date=15 November 2022 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020212061540/http://www.maroonmusic.com/news.html |date=2002-02-12 }}</ref>}} }} | origin = [[लस एन्जलस]], [[क्यालिफोर्निया]], अमेरिका | genre = <!-- All of these genres are sourced in the musical style section. Do not change without a source. Do not remove genres without an explanation. -->{{flatlist| * [[पप सङ्गीत|पप]] * [[पप रक]] * [[फङ्क रक]] * [[समकालीन आर एन्ड बि|आर एन्ड बि]] * {{nowrap|[[ब्लु आइड सोल]]}} * [[नृत्य पप]] * [[सफ्ट रक]] }} | discography = {{flatlist| * [[मरून फाइभ डिस्कोग्राफी|एल्बम तथा गीतहरू]] * [[मरून फाइभद्वारा रेकर्ड गरिएका गीतहरूको सूची|गीतहरू]] }} | years_active = सन् १९९४–हाल<!-- WARNING! Do not change from the year 2001 or 2002, because the band started their career in 1994--> | label = {{flatlist| * [[रिप्राइज रेकर्ड्स|रिप्राइज]] * [[वार्नर रेकर्ड्स|वार्नर ब्रोज]] * [[अक्टोन रेकर्ड्स|अक्टोन]] * [[जे रेकर्ड्स|जे]] * [[ए एन्ड एम अक्टेन रेकर्ड्स|ए एन्ड एम अक्टेन]] * [[२२२ रेकर्ड्स|२२२]] * [[इन्टरस्कोप रेकर्ड्स|इन्टरस्कोप]] * [[पोलिडोर रेकर्ड्स|पोलिडोर]]<!--See Template:Infobox musical artist before making changes--> }} | associated_acts = | website = {{official URL}} | current_members = <!-- WARNING! Do not change and remove the official line-up members of Maroon 5--> * [[आडम लेभिन]] * [[जेस कारामाइकल]] * [[जेम्स भ्यालेन्टिन]] * [[म्याट फ्लिन]] * [[पिजे मोर्टन]] * [[स्याम फरार]] | past_members = * रयान डुसिक * [[मिकी मडेन]] }} '''मरून फाइभ''' [[क्यालिफोर्निया]] राज्यको [[लस एन्जलस]]स्थित एक [[अमेरिका|अमेरिकी]] पप रक साङ्गीतिक समूह हो।<ref>{{cite web |url=http://jamaica-gleaner.com/gleaner/20110102/ent/ent1.html |title=Up close with Maroon 5- Facebook and Twitter competition to give patron meeting with Rock band |date=January 2, 2011 |publisher=[[Gleaner Company|The Gleaner]] |access-date=July 17, 2011 |archive-date=November 21, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181121004020/http://jamaica-gleaner.com/gleaner/20110102/ent/ent1.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/artist/309663/maroon-5/biography|title=Maroon 5|magazine=[[बिलबोर्ड (पत्रिका)|बिलबोर्ड]]|access-date=July 17, 2011|archive-date=April 4, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130404193159/http://www.billboard.com/artist/309663/maroon-5/biography|url-status=live}}</ref> यसमा प्रमुख गायक र लय गितारवादक एडम लेभिन, रिदम गितारवादक र किबोर्डवादक जेसी कारमाइकल, प्रमुख गितारवादक जेम्स भ्यालेन्टाइन, ड्रमर म्याट फ्लिन, किबोर्डवादक पिजे मोर्टन र बासिस्ट साम फरार रहेका छन्। मूल सदस्यहरू लेभिन, कारमाइकल, बासिस्ट मिकी म्याडेन, र ड्रमर रायन डुसिक पहिलो पटक सन् १९९४ मा काराज फ्लावरको रूपमा एकसाथ आएका थिए र यसको गठन भएको थियो। आफ्नो स्वतन्त्र एल्बम वि लाइक डिगिङको जारी पछि, ब्यान्डले रिप्राइज रेकर्ड्समा हस्ताक्षर गरेको थियो र सन् १९९७ मा एल्बम जारी गरेको थियो। एल्बमले सुस्त प्रतिक्रिया प्राप्त गरेसँगै, रेकर्ड लेबलले ब्यान्ड छोडेको थियो र सदस्यहरूले कलेजमा केन्द्रित भएका थिए। सन् २००१ मा, एक फरक दिशा पछ्याउँदै र गितारवादक भ्यालेन्टाइनलाई थप्दै ब्यान्ड फेरि मरुन फाइभको रूपमा उदाएको थियो।<ref>{{cite web |author=Leahey, Andrew |url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/karas-flowers-mn0000855690 |title=Kara's Flowers |publisher=[[AllMusic]]. [[Rovi Corporation]] |access-date=July 31, 2012 |archive-date=July 20, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120720010442/http://www.allmusic.com/artist/karas-flowers-mn0000855690 |url-status=live }}</ref> ब्यान्डले जे रेकर्ड्ससँग छुट्टै संयुक्त उद्यम सम्बन्ध भएको एक स्वतन्त्र रेकर्ड लेबल अक्टोन रेकर्ड्ससँग हस्ताक्षर गरेको थियो र जुन २००२ मा उनीहरूको पहिलो एल्बम सङ्ग्स अबाउट जेन जारी गरेको थियो। सफल एकल "हार्डर टु ब्रिथ", "दिस लभ" र "सि विल बि लभ्ड" द्वारा समर्थित, एल्बम [[बिलबोर्ड २००]] चार्टमा छैटौँ नम्बरमा पुगेको थियो।<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/69571/maroon5-breaks-out-slowly-but-surely|magazine=Billboard|date=August 13, 2003|title=Maroon5 Breaks Out Slowly But Surely|access-date=October 18, 2014|archive-date=February 7, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210207151143/https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/69571/maroon5-breaks-out-slowly-but-surely|url-status=live}}</ref> सोही वर्ष, ब्यान्डले सर्वश्रेष्ठ नयाँ कलाकारको लागि ग्रामी पुरस्कार जितेको थियो। सन् २००६ मा, डुसिकले हात र काँधमा गम्भीर चोट लागेपछि ब्यान्ड छोडेका थिए र उनको स्थानमा म्याट फ्लिनलाई नियुक्त गरिएको थियो।<ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=https://www.grammy.com/grammys/artists/maroon-5|title=Maroon 5|date=March 17, 2014|website=GRAMMY.com|access-date=February 4, 2019|archive-date=March 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330200930/https://www.grammy.com/grammys/artists/maroon-5|url-status=live}}</ref> ब्यान्डको दोस्रो एल्बम इट्स नट बि सुन बिफोर लङ मे २००७ मा सार्वजनिक भएको थियो। यो अमेरिकी [[बिलबोर्ड २००]] चार्टमा शीर्ष स्थानमा पुगेको थियो र प्रमुख गीत "मेक्स मि वन्डर", [[बिलबोर्ड हट १००]]मा समूहको पहिलो शीर्ष स्थानमा पुग्ने गीत बन्न सफल भएको थियो।<ref>{{cite web |author=Moss, Corey |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1553993/20070306/maroon_5.jhtml |title=Maroon 5 Back With 'Harder' Album After Adam Levine Gets Sick Of Partying |publisher=[[MTV News]] |date=March 6, 2007 |access-date=July 25, 2007 |archive-date=November 21, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091121235405/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1553993/20070306/maroon_5.jhtml |url-status=dead }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091121235405/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1553993/20070306/maroon_5.jhtml |date=November 21, 2009 }}</ref> सन् २०१० मा, ब्याण्डले आफ्नो तेस्रो एल्बम ह्यान्ड्स अल ओभर जारी गरेको थियो, अनुकूल समीक्षाको र एक वर्ष पछि एकल गीत "मुभ्स लाइक ज्यागर" समावेश गर्न पुन: जारी गरिएको थियो, जुन बिलबोर्ड हट १०० मा शीर्ष स्थानमा थियो। सन् २०१२ मा, कारमाइकलले समूह छोड्दै सङ्गीतकार पिजे मोर्टनद्वारा प्रतिस्थापित भएका थिए। त्यसपछि ब्यान्डले चौथो एल्बम ओभरएक्सपोज्ड जारी गरेको थियो, जुन "वान मोर नाइट" गीतको साथ, लगातार नौ हप्तासम्म बिलबोर्ड हट १०० चार्टमा शीर्ष स्थानमा रहेको थियो। सन् २०१४ मा, कारमाइकलले मोर्टनसँग पाँचौँ एल्बम फाइभ रेकर्ड गर्न ब्यान्डमा पुन: सामेल भएका थिए, ब्यान्डले इन्टरस्कोप रेकर्ड्स र लेभिनको आफ्नै लेबल २२२ रेकर्ड्समा हस्ताक्षर गरेको थियो। फाइभको जारी पछि, यो बिलबोर्ड २०० मा नम्बर एक मा पुगेको थियो। सन् २०१६ मा, मरून फाइभले आफ्नो लामो समयको सहयोगी साम फरारलाई भर्ती गरेको थियो र सँगसँगै ब्यान्डले छैटौँ स्टुडियो एल्बम रेड पिल ब्लुज नोभेम्बर २०१७ मा जारी गरिएको थियो। मोर्टन र फरारको थपसँगै ब्यान्डको लाइनअप सात सदस्यमा वृद्धि भएको थियो। दुवै एल्बम "सुगर" र "गर्ल्स लाइक यु" को सफल एकल गीत क्रमशः हट १०० चार्टमा दोस्रो र एक नम्बरमा पुगेको थियो। म्याडेनले सन् २०२० मा घरेलु हिंसाको आरोपमा पक्राउ परेपछि ब्यान्डबाट बाहिरिने घोषणा गरेका थिए। ब्यान्डको सातौँ एल्बम, जोर्डी, जून २०२१ मा जारी गरिएको थियो। मरून फाइभले १२ करोड भन्दा बढी रेकर्डहरू बेचेको छ, जसले उनीहरूलाई विश्वको सबैभन्दा धेरै बिक्री हुने सङ्गीत कलाकारहरू मध्ये एक बनाएको छ।<ref>{{cite news|url=https://edmontonjournal.com/entertainment/music/concert-announcement-maroon-5-at-rogers-place-aug-12-on-2020-tour|title=CONCERT ANNOUNCEMENT: Maroon 5 at Rogers Place Aug. 12 on 2020 Tour|first=Fish|last=Griwkowsky|work=[[Edmonton Journal]]|date=December 4, 2019|access-date=December 4, 2019|archive-date=December 5, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191205132048/https://edmontonjournal.com/entertainment/music/concert-announcement-maroon-5-at-rogers-place-aug-12-on-2020-tour|url-status=live}}</ref> जनवरी २०२३ मा, "मुभ्स लाइक ज्यागर" सबै समयको दोस्रो सबैभन्दा धेरै डाउनलोड गरिएको गीत भएको घोषणा गरिएको थियो।<ref>{{cite web |title=Bio |url=https://www.maroon5sin.com/bios |website=Maroon5sin |access-date=25 July 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=MAROON 5 CELEBRATES GRAND OPENING OF EXCLUSIVE LAS VEGAS ENGAGEMENT AT PARK MGM WITH SERIES OF SOLD-OUT SHOWS |url=https://newsroom.mgmresorts.com/maroon-5-celebrates-grand-opening-exclusive-las-vegas-engagement-at-park-mgm-with-series-sold-out-shows.htm |website=Newsroom.MGMresorts |access-date=27 July 2023}}</ref> == सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू == {{सन्दर्भसूची}} == बाह्य कडीहरू == {{sister project links|d=Q182223|n=no|b=no|v=no|voy=no|m=no|mw=no|wikt=no|s=no|c=Category:Maroon 5}} * [https://maroon5.com/ आधिकारिक वेबसाइट] [[श्रेणी:आडम लेभिन]] [[श्रेणी:अमेरिकी फङ्क रक साङ्गीतिक समूहहरू]] [[श्रेणी:अमेरिकी पप रक साङ्गीतिक समूहहरू]] [[श्रेणी:ग्रामी पुरस्कार विजेताहरू]] [[श्रेणी:मरून फाइभ]] lsku7eo6fna3ggwelemgs7uiz5gx746 0 149827 1354853 1353464 2026-05-11T04:14:59Z InternetArchiveBot 53012 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1354853 wikitext text/x-wiki {{छोटो विवरण|आँखाका विकारहरूको उपचार गर्ने चिकित्सा क्षेत्र}} {{Infobox medical specialty | title = नेत्रविज्ञान<br> ओप्थाल्मोलोजी | subdivisions = | image = US Navy 080607-N-9689V-008 Cmdr. Kenneth Kubis and U.S. Air Force Capt. Tighe Richardson use an operating microscope while performing cataract eye surgery to return sight to Marylin Kansi, a 12-year-old girl from Cotabato.jpg | caption = अपरेटिङ माइक्रोस्कोप प्रयोग गरेर मोतियाबिन्दुको शल्यक्रिया गर्दै गरेका नेत्र विशेषज्ञहरू | system = [[आँखा]] र [[दृष्टि प्रणाली]] | diseases = [[मोतियाबिन्दु]], [[आँखाको पर्दाको रोग|रेटिनाको रोग]] (मधुमेह आँखा रोग र अन्य प्रकारका रेटिनोपेथी सहित), [[जलविन्दु]], [[कर्नियाको रोग]], {{Cl|परेला र आँखाको ढकनी सम्बन्धि विकारहरू}}, [[युभिआइटिस]], [[डेढो आँखा]] र आँखाका मांसपेशीका विकारहरू, [[आँखाको ट्युमर]] (घातक, क्यान्सर वा सामान्य ट्युमर), [[न्युरो-अप्थाल्मोलोजिक विकार]]हरू ([[अप्टिक नर्भ]]का विकारहरू सहित) | tests = [[ओप्थालमोस्कोपी]], [[दृष्टि क्षेत्र परीक्षण]], [[अप्टिकल कोहरेन्स टोपोग्राफी]] | specialist = नेत्र रोग विशेषज्ञ | glossary = }} {{Infobox Occupation | name= नेत्र रोग विशेषज्ञ | image= | caption= | official_names= चिकित्सक शल्यचिकिल्सक | type= विशेषज्ञता | activity_sector= [[चिकित्सा]], [[शल्यक्रिया]] | competencies= | formation= चिकित्साशास्त्रमा स्नातकोत्तर (एमडी), [[डाक्टर अफ अस्टियोप्याथिक मेडिसिन]] (डिओ), [[चिकित्साशास्त्र र शल्यचिकित्सामा स्नातक]] (एमबिबिएस), | employment_field= [[अस्पताल]], [[क्लिनिक]] | related_occupation= }} '''नेत्रविज्ञान''' जसलाई '''नेत्रचिकित्सा विज्ञान''' पनि भनिन्छ,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/ophthalmology |title=ophthalmology noun |access-date=24 January 2026 |website=Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary |publisher=Oxford University Press}}.</ref> चिकित्सा विज्ञानको एक शाखा हो जसले आँखाका रोग र विकारहरूको निदान, उपचार र शल्यक्रियासँग सरोकार राख्दछ।<ref name="mrcophth">{{cite web |title=History of Ophthalmology |url=http://www.mrcophth.com/Historyofophthalmology/Introductory.htm |website=mrcophth.com |access-date=31 August 2013 |archive-date=8 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170808095547/http://www.mrcophth.com/Historyofophthalmology/Introductory.htm |url-status=dead }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170808095547/http://www.mrcophth.com/Historyofophthalmology/Introductory.htm |date=8 August 2017 }}</ref> एक '''नेत्र रोग विशेषज्ञ''' त्यस्तो चिकित्सक हुन्छ जसले आँखाको औषधि र शल्यक्रियात्मक हेरचाहमा उप-विशेषज्ञता तालिम प्राप्त गरेको हुन्छ।<ref>{{cite web |title=Ophthalmology |publisher=American Medical Association |url=https://www.ama-assn.org/specialty/ophthalmology |access-date=28 March 2020 |archive-date=25 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200725063252/https://www.ama-assn.org/specialty/ophthalmology |url-status=live }}</ref> चिकित्साशास्त्रमा स्नातकोत्तर हासिल गरेपछि, नेत्रविज्ञानमा विशेषज्ञता हासिल गर्न चाहने चिकित्सकले सोही क्षेत्रमा स्नातकोत्तर रेसिडेन्सी तालिम पूरा गर्नुपर्छ। संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिकामा, मेडिकल विद्यालयबाट स्नातक गरेपछि, नेत्र विशेषज्ञ बन्नका लागि अप्थाल्मोलोजीमा चार वर्षको रेसिडेन्सी पूरा गर्नुपर्छ। रेसिडेन्सी पछि, आँखाको रोगको कुनै खास पक्षमा थप विशेषज्ञता तालिम लिन सकिन्छ।<ref>{{cite web |last=Boyd |first=Kierstan |title=Ophthalmology Subspecialists |url=https://www.aao.org/eye-health/tips-prevention/ophthalmology-subspecialists |date=6 June 2016 |publisher=American Academy of Ophthalmology |access-date=18 March 2018 |archive-date=19 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180319004355/https://www.aao.org/eye-health/tips-prevention/ophthalmology-subspecialists |url-status=live }}</ref> आँखा विशेषज्ञहरूले आँखाका रोगहरू जस्ता समस्याहरूको उपचारका लागि औषधिहरू लेख्ने, लेजर थेरापी लागू गर्ने र आवश्यक परेमा शल्यक्रिया गर्ने गर्दछन्।<ref name="Ophthalmology">{{cite web |last=Smith |first=Yolanda |title=Ophthalmology |url=https://www.news-medical.net/health/Ophthalmology.aspx |publisher=News-Medical.net |language=en |date=5 September 2016 |access-date=18 March 2018 |archive-date=19 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180319151051/https://www.news-medical.net/health/Ophthalmology.aspx |url-status=live }}</ref> उनीहरूले प्राथमिक र विशेषज्ञ दुवै प्रकारका आँखा हेरचाह—औषधि उपचार र शल्यक्रिया—प्रदान गर्दछन्।<ref name="Ophthalmology" /> अधिकांश आँखा विशेषज्ञहरूले आफ्नो तालिमको कुनै न कुनै विन्दुमा आँखाका रोगहरूका बारेमा शैक्षिक अनुसन्धानमा भाग लिन्छन् र धेरैले अनुसन्धानलाई आफ्नो करियरको हिस्सा बनाउँछन्।<ref>{{cite web |last1=Churchill |first1=Jennifer |last2=Gudgel |first2=Dan T. |date=1 November 2013 |title=What is an Ophthalmologist? |url=https://www.aao.org/eye-health/tips-prevention/what-is-ophthalmologist |publisher=American Academy of Ophthalmology |access-date=18 March 2018 |archive-date=19 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180319004410/https://www.aao.org/eye-health/tips-prevention/what-is-ophthalmologist |url-status=live }}</ref> अप्थाल्मोलोजी सधैँ आँखाको हेरचाहमा प्रगति र नवीनताको लामो इतिहासको साथ चिकित्सा अनुसन्धानको अग्रपङ्क्तिमा रहेको छ।<ref>{{cite web |url=https://eyewiki.aao.org/History_of_Ophthalmology#Modern_Era_.28AD_1800_to_Present.29 |title=History of Ophthalmology |publisher=EyeWiki |website=eyewiki.aao.org |access-date=22 July 2022 |archive-date=22 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220722052007/https://eyewiki.aao.org/History_of_Ophthalmology#Modern_Era_.28AD_1800_to_Present.29 |url-status=live }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220722052007/https://eyewiki.aao.org/History_of_Ophthalmology#Modern_Era_.28AD_1800_to_Present.29 |date=22 July 2022 }}</ref> यस चिकित्सा शाखालाई पहिले '''नेत्रचिकित्सा''' पनि भनिन्थ्यो। == सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू == {{सन्दर्भसूची}} == बाह्य कडीहरू == {{कमन्सश्रेणी}} * [http://eyewiki.aao.org/ आई विकी]{{Dead link|date=February 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }} * [http://www.zeitzfrankozeitz.de/index.php/fachwoerterbuch.html नेत्रविज्ञानको बहुभाषिक सचित्र शब्दकोश] * [https://www.aaojournal.org/ आओ जर्नल] [[श्रेणी:चिकित्सा]] s5s981disbnfuyn9u515l5xek2lxbew 0 149890 1354828 1354748 2026-05-10T14:17:01Z Bishaldev100 28807 1354828 wikitext text/x-wiki {{छोटो विवरण|नेपालमा प्रयोग गरिने पूर्व राजकीय सम्मानबोधक शब्द}} '''श्री ५''' [[शाह वंश]]को समयमा [[नेपालका राजाहरूको सूची|नेपालका राजा]] र राजपरिवारका सदस्यका लागि प्रयोग गरिने एक राजकीय सम्मानबोधक शब्द थियो। यस शब्दलाई राजाको पूर्ण नामको अगाडि प्रयोग गरिन्थ्यो। राजालाई सम्बोधन गर्दा "श्री ५ महाराजाधिराज" भनिन्थ्यो भने रानीलाई "श्री ५ बडामहारानी" भन्ने गरिन्थ्यो। वि.सं. २०६५ जेठ १५ गतेको संविधान सभाको पहिलो बैठकले नेपाललाई सङ्घीय लोकतान्त्रिक गणतन्त्र घोषणा गरेपछि राजतन्त्रको अन्त्यसँगै यस उपाधि सरकारी र कानुनी रूपमा समेत खारेज भएको थियो।<ref name="UjyaaloNepal">{{Cite web |title="श्री ५" वा "श्री ५ महाराजाधिराज" प्रयोग गर्नु कुनै कानुननः अपराध होइन |url=https://www.ujyaalonepal.com/2025/310419/ |website=उज्यालो नेपाल |date=2025-07-11 |access-date=2026-04-25 |language=ne}}</ref> [[चित्र:Prithvi Narayan Shah 1960 (restoration).png|thumb|right|alt=Restored painting of Prithvi Narayan Shah|[[पृथ्वीनारायण शाह]], [[गोरखा राज्य]]का राजा, जसको पालादेखि ''श्री ५'' सम्मानबोधक शब्दको प्रयोग सुरु भएको थियो।]] ''श्री ५'' शब्द दुईवटा [[संस्कृत]] शब्दहरू मिलेर बनेको छ: ''[[श्री]]'' जुन सामान्यतया सम्मानबोधक शब्दको रूपमा प्रयोग गरिन्छ र ''पञ्च'', जसको अर्थ "पाँच" हुन्छ। यी दुई शब्द मिलेर बनेको "श्री ५" शब्द राजा र राजपरिवारका सदस्यलाई प्रयोग हुन्थ्यो। (उदाहरण: <ref>{{Cite journal |last=महर्जन |first=पशुपतिभक्त |date=२०५८ जेठ २१ |title=राज्यसहायक श्री ५ अधिराजकुमार ज्ञानेन्द्र वीरविक्रम शाहबाट देशवासीका नाममा २०५८ जेठ २१ गते आइतबार बक्सेको सन्देश |url=http://rajpatra.dop.gov.np/welcome/book/?ref=19048 |journal=नेपाल राजपत्र |volume=खण्ड ५१ अतिरिक्ताङ्क १४ |pages=2}}</ref><ref>[http://rajpatra.dop.gov.np/welcome/book?ref=19715 राजदरबारको विज्ञप्ति]</ref>) == शाह वंशका श्री ५ राजाहरूको सूची == शाह वंशका निम्न राजाहरूले 'श्री ५' को उपाधि धारण गरेका थिए: * [[पृथ्वीनारायण शाह]] (नेपालको एकीकरणकर्ता) * [[प्रतापसिंह शाह]] * [[रणबहादुर शाह]] * [[गीर्वाणयुद्ध विक्रम शाह]] * [[राजेन्द्र विक्रम शाह]] * [[सुरेन्द्र विक्रम शाह]] * [[पृथ्वी वीर विक्रम शाह]] * [[त्रिभुवन वीर विक्रम शाह]] * [[महेन्द्र वीर विक्रम शाह]] * [[वीरेन्द्र वीर विक्रम शाह]] * [[ज्ञानेन्द्र वीर विक्रम शाह]] (अन्तिम श्री ५ राजा) == ऐतिहासिक महत्त्व == [[मुलुकी ऐन]]को परिशिष्टमा राजा [[राम शाह]]लाई '''श्री ९ महाराजधिराज''' भनेर सम्बोधन गरिएको छ।<ref>{{Cite web |title=मुलुकी ऐन, १९१० परिशिष्ट (क) |url=https://repository.lawcommission.gov.np/np/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/मुलुकी-ऐन-१९१०.pdf |website=नेपाल कानुन आयोग}}</ref><ref name="सुवेदी2">{{cite book|last=|first=|author-link=|year=2022 Jestha|title=श्री ५ सुरेन्द्रविक्रम शाहदेवका शासनकालमा बनेको मुलुकी ऐन|publisher=श्री ५ को सरकार, कानून तथा न्याय मन्त्रालय|url=https://archive.org/details/muluki-ain-1910_202201/page/n713/mode/2up|isbn=|pages=695}}</ref> नेपालको एकीकरणपछि [[पृथ्वीनारायण शाह]]को पालादेखि यो उपाधि प्रयोगमा आएको मानिन्छ।<ref name="RatnaPustak">{{Cite book |last=आचार्य |first=बाबुराम |title=श्री ५ बडामहाराजाधिराज पृथ्वीनारायण शाहको जीवनी |publisher=रत्न पुस्तक भण्डार |year=२०३४ (विसं) |location=काठमाडौँ}}</ref> विशेषगरी हिन्दु परम्परामा राजालाई भगवान [[विष्णु]]को [[अवतार]] मानिने हुनाले पाँचपटक 'श्री' को प्रयोग गरेर राजाको ईश्वरीय र उच्च मर्यादालाई दर्शाउने गरिन्थ्यो। नेपाल सरकार र चीन सरकारबीच चिठी र खलितापत्रमामा चीन सम्राटलाई पनि "''स्वस्तिश्री ५ चिन बादशाह''" भनी सम्बोधन गरिन्थ्यो।<ref>{{cite book|title=श्री ५ रणबहादुर शाह (व्यक्तित्व र शासन )|author=[[चित्तरन्जन नेपाली]]|page=108-115|date=2020 BS|publisher=मेरी राजभण्डारी|isbn=|url=}}</ref> चिनियाँ अम्बाले नेपाललाई लेखेको पत्रमा चिनका राजालाई श्री ५ र नेपालका राजालाई श्री ३ लेखेका छन्। <!--End Quote--> {| align="center" style="border-collapse:collapse;border-style:none;background-color:transparent;max-width:40em;width:60%;" | valign="top" style="color:{{{color|silver}}};font-size:{{{size|3.6em}}};font-family:serif;font-weight:bold;text-align:left;padding:10px 0;" |“ | valign="top" style="padding:0 1em;" |<center>'''स्वस्तिश्री ५ चिन वादसाहका हुकुमले भोट ल्हासाको कामकाज गर्न्या श्री टुचाङ् ताठिन् सि अम्बा तथा श्री टुचान् ताठिन् वो अम्बाले पठायाको पत्रम् स्वस्तिश्री ३ ऋर्तिनिवाङ गिर्वान युद्ध विक्रम साहदेवेषु....''' '''...इति च्याछिन् वर्ष २० वैसाष वदि १२ मुकाम लाहासा शुभम्''' </center> | valign="bottom" style="color:{{{color|silver}}};font-size:{{{size|3.6em}}};font-family:serif;font-weight:bold;text-align:right;padding:10px 0;" |„ |}<!--End Quote--> १०४ वर्षीय [[राणा शासन]]को समयमा प्रधानमन्त्रीहरूले आफ्ना लागि '''श्री ३''' को पदवी प्रयोग गर्दथे, जसले राजा (श्री ५) र कार्यकारी प्रमुख (श्री ३) बीचको पदीय मर्यादा र शक्ति सन्तुलनलाई स्पष्ट पार्दथ्यो। २०६५ सालमा राजतन्त्रको अन्त्य भई [[नेपाल]] गणतन्त्र घोषित भएपछि, यो उपाधिको आधिकारिक राजकीय प्रयोग समाप्त भएको थियो। यद्यपि यसको औपचारिक प्रयोग बन्द भए तापनि, कतिपय अनौपचारिक वा परम्परागत समारोहहरूमा यो शब्द अझै पनि कहिलेकाहीँ प्रयोग हुने गरेको पाइन्छ।<ref>{{Cite web |last=Malla |first=Kamal P. |date=2003-06-01 |title=The king’s song |url=https://www.himalmag.com/comment/the-kings-song |access-date=2025-07-27 |website=Himal Southasian |language=en}}</ref> == सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू == {{सन्दर्भसूची}} oml7unurp8pf2tiafpa2l4zc6nlzlte 1354829 1354828 2026-05-10T14:19:21Z Bishaldev100 28807 /* ऐतिहासिक महत्त्व */ 1354829 wikitext text/x-wiki {{छोटो विवरण|नेपालमा प्रयोग गरिने पूर्व राजकीय सम्मानबोधक शब्द}} '''श्री ५''' [[शाह वंश]]को समयमा [[नेपालका राजाहरूको सूची|नेपालका राजा]] र राजपरिवारका सदस्यका लागि प्रयोग गरिने एक राजकीय सम्मानबोधक शब्द थियो। यस शब्दलाई राजाको पूर्ण नामको अगाडि प्रयोग गरिन्थ्यो। राजालाई सम्बोधन गर्दा "श्री ५ महाराजाधिराज" भनिन्थ्यो भने रानीलाई "श्री ५ बडामहारानी" भन्ने गरिन्थ्यो। वि.सं. २०६५ जेठ १५ गतेको संविधान सभाको पहिलो बैठकले नेपाललाई सङ्घीय लोकतान्त्रिक गणतन्त्र घोषणा गरेपछि राजतन्त्रको अन्त्यसँगै यस उपाधि सरकारी र कानुनी रूपमा समेत खारेज भएको थियो।<ref name="UjyaaloNepal">{{Cite web |title="श्री ५" वा "श्री ५ महाराजाधिराज" प्रयोग गर्नु कुनै कानुननः अपराध होइन |url=https://www.ujyaalonepal.com/2025/310419/ |website=उज्यालो नेपाल |date=2025-07-11 |access-date=2026-04-25 |language=ne}}</ref> [[चित्र:Prithvi Narayan Shah 1960 (restoration).png|thumb|right|alt=Restored painting of Prithvi Narayan Shah|[[पृथ्वीनारायण शाह]], [[गोरखा राज्य]]का राजा, जसको पालादेखि ''श्री ५'' सम्मानबोधक शब्दको प्रयोग सुरु भएको थियो।]] ''श्री ५'' शब्द दुईवटा [[संस्कृत]] शब्दहरू मिलेर बनेको छ: ''[[श्री]]'' जुन सामान्यतया सम्मानबोधक शब्दको रूपमा प्रयोग गरिन्छ र ''पञ्च'', जसको अर्थ "पाँच" हुन्छ। यी दुई शब्द मिलेर बनेको "श्री ५" शब्द राजा र राजपरिवारका सदस्यलाई प्रयोग हुन्थ्यो। (उदाहरण: <ref>{{Cite journal |last=महर्जन |first=पशुपतिभक्त |date=२०५८ जेठ २१ |title=राज्यसहायक श्री ५ अधिराजकुमार ज्ञानेन्द्र वीरविक्रम शाहबाट देशवासीका नाममा २०५८ जेठ २१ गते आइतबार बक्सेको सन्देश |url=http://rajpatra.dop.gov.np/welcome/book/?ref=19048 |journal=नेपाल राजपत्र |volume=खण्ड ५१ अतिरिक्ताङ्क १४ |pages=2}}</ref><ref>[http://rajpatra.dop.gov.np/welcome/book?ref=19715 राजदरबारको विज्ञप्ति]</ref>) == शाह वंशका श्री ५ राजाहरूको सूची == शाह वंशका निम्न राजाहरूले 'श्री ५' को उपाधि धारण गरेका थिए: * [[पृथ्वीनारायण शाह]] (नेपालको एकीकरणकर्ता) * [[प्रतापसिंह शाह]] * [[रणबहादुर शाह]] * [[गीर्वाणयुद्ध विक्रम शाह]] * [[राजेन्द्र विक्रम शाह]] * [[सुरेन्द्र विक्रम शाह]] * [[पृथ्वी वीर विक्रम शाह]] * [[त्रिभुवन वीर विक्रम शाह]] * [[महेन्द्र वीर विक्रम शाह]] * [[वीरेन्द्र वीर विक्रम शाह]] * [[ज्ञानेन्द्र वीर विक्रम शाह]] (अन्तिम श्री ५ राजा) == ऐतिहासिक महत्त्व == [[मुलुकी ऐन]]को परिशिष्टमा राजा [[राम शाह]]लाई '''श्री ९ महाराजधिराज''' भनेर सम्बोधन गरिएको छ।<ref>{{Cite web |title=मुलुकी ऐन, १९१० परिशिष्ट (क) |url=https://repository.lawcommission.gov.np/np/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/मुलुकी-ऐन-१९१०.pdf |website=नेपाल कानुन आयोग}}</ref><ref name="सुवेदी2">{{cite book|last=|first=|author-link=|year=2022 Jestha|title=श्री ५ सुरेन्द्रविक्रम शाहदेवका शासनकालमा बनेको मुलुकी ऐन|publisher=श्री ५ को सरकार, कानून तथा न्याय मन्त्रालय|url=https://archive.org/details/muluki-ain-1910_202201/page/n713/mode/2up|isbn=|pages=695}}</ref> नेपालको एकीकरणपछि [[पृथ्वीनारायण शाह]]को पालादेखि यो उपाधि प्रयोगमा आएको मानिन्छ।<ref name="RatnaPustak">{{Cite book |last=आचार्य |first=बाबुराम |title=श्री ५ बडामहाराजाधिराज पृथ्वीनारायण शाहको जीवनी |publisher=रत्न पुस्तक भण्डार |year=२०३४ (विसं) |location=काठमाडौँ}}</ref> विशेषगरी हिन्दु परम्परामा राजालाई भगवान [[विष्णु]]को [[अवतार]] मानिने हुनाले पाँचपटक 'श्री' को प्रयोग गरेर राजाको ईश्वरीय र उच्च मर्यादालाई दर्शाउने गरिन्थ्यो। नेपाल सरकार र चीन सरकारबीच चिठी र खलितापत्रमामा चीन सम्राटलाई पनि "''स्वस्तिश्री ५ चिन बादशाह''" भनी सम्बोधन गरिन्थ्यो।<ref>{{cite book|title=श्री ५ रणबहादुर शाह (व्यक्तित्व र शासन )|author=[[चित्तरन्जन नेपाली]]|page=108-115|date=2020 BS|publisher=मेरी राजभण्डारी|isbn=|url=}}</ref> चिनियाँ अम्बाले नेपाललाई लेखेको पत्रमा चिनका राजालाई श्री ५ र नेपालका राजालाई श्री ३ लेखेका छन्।<ref>{{cite book|title=जनरल भीमसेन थापा र तत्कालीन नेपाल|author=[[चित्तरञ्जन नेपाली]]|page=२३३|date=2020 BS|publisher=मेरी राजभण्डारी|isbn=|url=}}</ref> <!--End Quote--> {| align="center" style="border-collapse:collapse;border-style:none;background-color:transparent;max-width:40em;width:60%;" | valign="top" style="color:{{{color|silver}}};font-size:{{{size|3.6em}}};font-family:serif;font-weight:bold;text-align:left;padding:10px 0;" |“ | valign="top" style="padding:0 1em;" |<center>'''स्वस्तिश्री ५ चिन वादसाहका हुकुमले भोट ल्हासाको कामकाज गर्न्या श्री टुचाङ् ताठिन् सि अम्बा तथा श्री टुचान् ताठिन् वो अम्बाले पठायाको पत्रम् स्वस्तिश्री ३ ऋर्तिनिवाङ गिर्वान युद्ध विक्रम साहदेवेषु....''' '''...इति च्याछिन् वर्ष २० वैसाष वदि १२ मुकाम लाहासा शुभम्''' </center> | valign="bottom" style="color:{{{color|silver}}};font-size:{{{size|3.6em}}};font-family:serif;font-weight:bold;text-align:right;padding:10px 0;" |„ |}<!--End Quote--> १०४ वर्षीय [[राणा शासन]]को समयमा प्रधानमन्त्रीहरूले आफ्ना लागि '''श्री ३''' को पदवी प्रयोग गर्दथे, जसले राजा (श्री ५) र कार्यकारी प्रमुख (श्री ३) बीचको पदीय मर्यादा र शक्ति सन्तुलनलाई स्पष्ट पार्दथ्यो। २०६५ सालमा राजतन्त्रको अन्त्य भई [[नेपाल]] गणतन्त्र घोषित भएपछि, यो उपाधिको आधिकारिक राजकीय प्रयोग समाप्त भएको थियो। यद्यपि यसको औपचारिक प्रयोग बन्द भए तापनि, कतिपय अनौपचारिक वा परम्परागत समारोहहरूमा यो शब्द अझै पनि कहिलेकाहीँ प्रयोग हुने गरेको पाइन्छ।<ref>{{Cite web |last=Malla |first=Kamal P. |date=2003-06-01 |title=The king’s song |url=https://www.himalmag.com/comment/the-kings-song |access-date=2025-07-27 |website=Himal Southasian |language=en}}</ref> == सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू == {{सन्दर्भसूची}} piyzeh4exvvt2wr72cz3s6x3dtzuw9k 1354830 1354829 2026-05-10T14:20:09Z Bishaldev100 28807 /* ऐतिहासिक महत्त्व */ 1354830 wikitext text/x-wiki {{छोटो विवरण|नेपालमा प्रयोग गरिने पूर्व राजकीय सम्मानबोधक शब्द}} '''श्री ५''' [[शाह वंश]]को समयमा [[नेपालका राजाहरूको सूची|नेपालका राजा]] र राजपरिवारका सदस्यका लागि प्रयोग गरिने एक राजकीय सम्मानबोधक शब्द थियो। यस शब्दलाई राजाको पूर्ण नामको अगाडि प्रयोग गरिन्थ्यो। राजालाई सम्बोधन गर्दा "श्री ५ महाराजाधिराज" भनिन्थ्यो भने रानीलाई "श्री ५ बडामहारानी" भन्ने गरिन्थ्यो। वि.सं. २०६५ जेठ १५ गतेको संविधान सभाको पहिलो बैठकले नेपाललाई सङ्घीय लोकतान्त्रिक गणतन्त्र घोषणा गरेपछि राजतन्त्रको अन्त्यसँगै यस उपाधि सरकारी र कानुनी रूपमा समेत खारेज भएको थियो।<ref name="UjyaaloNepal">{{Cite web |title="श्री ५" वा "श्री ५ महाराजाधिराज" प्रयोग गर्नु कुनै कानुननः अपराध होइन |url=https://www.ujyaalonepal.com/2025/310419/ |website=उज्यालो नेपाल |date=2025-07-11 |access-date=2026-04-25 |language=ne}}</ref> [[चित्र:Prithvi Narayan Shah 1960 (restoration).png|thumb|right|alt=Restored painting of Prithvi Narayan Shah|[[पृथ्वीनारायण शाह]], [[गोरखा राज्य]]का राजा, जसको पालादेखि ''श्री ५'' सम्मानबोधक शब्दको प्रयोग सुरु भएको थियो।]] ''श्री ५'' शब्द दुईवटा [[संस्कृत]] शब्दहरू मिलेर बनेको छ: ''[[श्री]]'' जुन सामान्यतया सम्मानबोधक शब्दको रूपमा प्रयोग गरिन्छ र ''पञ्च'', जसको अर्थ "पाँच" हुन्छ। यी दुई शब्द मिलेर बनेको "श्री ५" शब्द राजा र राजपरिवारका सदस्यलाई प्रयोग हुन्थ्यो। (उदाहरण: <ref>{{Cite journal |last=महर्जन |first=पशुपतिभक्त |date=२०५८ जेठ २१ |title=राज्यसहायक श्री ५ अधिराजकुमार ज्ञानेन्द्र वीरविक्रम शाहबाट देशवासीका नाममा २०५८ जेठ २१ गते आइतबार बक्सेको सन्देश |url=http://rajpatra.dop.gov.np/welcome/book/?ref=19048 |journal=नेपाल राजपत्र |volume=खण्ड ५१ अतिरिक्ताङ्क १४ |pages=2}}</ref><ref>[http://rajpatra.dop.gov.np/welcome/book?ref=19715 राजदरबारको विज्ञप्ति]</ref>) == शाह वंशका श्री ५ राजाहरूको सूची == शाह वंशका निम्न राजाहरूले 'श्री ५' को उपाधि धारण गरेका थिए: * [[पृथ्वीनारायण शाह]] (नेपालको एकीकरणकर्ता) * [[प्रतापसिंह शाह]] * [[रणबहादुर शाह]] * [[गीर्वाणयुद्ध विक्रम शाह]] * [[राजेन्द्र विक्रम शाह]] * [[सुरेन्द्र विक्रम शाह]] * [[पृथ्वी वीर विक्रम शाह]] * [[त्रिभुवन वीर विक्रम शाह]] * [[महेन्द्र वीर विक्रम शाह]] * [[वीरेन्द्र वीर विक्रम शाह]] * [[ज्ञानेन्द्र वीर विक्रम शाह]] (अन्तिम श्री ५ राजा) == ऐतिहासिक महत्त्व == [[मुलुकी ऐन]]को परिशिष्टमा राजा [[राम शाह]]लाई '''श्री ९ महाराजधिराज''' भनेर सम्बोधन गरिएको छ।<ref>{{Cite web |title=मुलुकी ऐन, १९१० परिशिष्ट (क) |url=https://repository.lawcommission.gov.np/np/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/मुलुकी-ऐन-१९१०.pdf |website=नेपाल कानुन आयोग}}</ref><ref name="सुवेदी2">{{cite book|last=|first=|author-link=|year=2022 Jestha|title=श्री ५ सुरेन्द्रविक्रम शाहदेवका शासनकालमा बनेको मुलुकी ऐन|publisher=श्री ५ को सरकार, कानून तथा न्याय मन्त्रालय|url=https://archive.org/details/muluki-ain-1910_202201/page/n713/mode/2up|isbn=|pages=695}}</ref> नेपालको एकीकरणपछि [[पृथ्वीनारायण शाह]]को पालादेखि यो उपाधि प्रयोगमा आएको मानिन्छ।<ref name="RatnaPustak">{{Cite book |last=आचार्य |first=बाबुराम |title=श्री ५ बडामहाराजाधिराज पृथ्वीनारायण शाहको जीवनी |publisher=रत्न पुस्तक भण्डार |year=२०३४ (विसं) |location=काठमाडौँ}}</ref> विशेषगरी हिन्दु परम्परामा राजालाई भगवान [[विष्णु]]को [[अवतार]] मानिने हुनाले पाँचपटक 'श्री' को प्रयोग गरेर राजाको ईश्वरीय र उच्च मर्यादालाई दर्शाउने गरिन्थ्यो। नेपाल सरकार र चीन सरकारबीच चिठी र खलितापत्रमामा चीन सम्राटलाई पनि "''स्वस्तिश्री ५ चिन बादशाह''" भनी सम्बोधन गरिन्थ्यो।<ref>{{cite book|title=श्री ५ रणबहादुर शाह (व्यक्तित्व र शासन )|author=[[चित्तरन्जन नेपाली]]|page=108-115|date=2020 BS|publisher=मेरी राजभण्डारी|isbn=|url=}}</ref> चिनियाँ अम्बाले नेपाललाई लेखेको पत्रमा चिनका राजालाई श्री ५ र नेपालका राजालाई श्री ३ लेखेका छन्।<ref>{{cite book|title=जनरल भीमसेन थापा र तत्कालीन नेपाल|author=[[चित्तरञ्जन नेपाली]]|page=२३३|date=2020 BS|publisher=मेरी राजभण्डारी|isbn=|url=}}</ref> <!--End Quote--> {| align="center" style="border-collapse:collapse;border-style:none;background-color:transparent;max-width:40em;width:60%;" | valign="top" style="color:{{{color|silver}}};font-size:{{{size|3.6em}}};font-family:serif;font-weight:bold;text-align:left;padding:10px 0;" |“ | valign="top" style="padding:0 1em;" |<center>'''स्वस्तिश्री ५ चिन वादसाहका हुकुमले भोट लाहासाको कामकाज गर्न्या श्री टुचाङ् ताठिन् सि अम्बा तथा श्री टुचान् ताठिन् वो अम्बाले पठायाको पत्रम् स्वस्तिश्री ३ ऋर्तिनिवाङ गिर्वान युद्ध विक्रम साहदेवेषु....''' '''...इति च्याछिन् वर्ष २० वैसाष वदि १२ मुकाम लाहासा शुभम्''' </center> | valign="bottom" style="color:{{{color|silver}}};font-size:{{{size|3.6em}}};font-family:serif;font-weight:bold;text-align:right;padding:10px 0;" |„ |}<!--End Quote--> १०४ वर्षीय [[राणा शासन]]को समयमा प्रधानमन्त्रीहरूले आफ्ना लागि '''श्री ३''' को पदवी प्रयोग गर्दथे, जसले राजा (श्री ५) र कार्यकारी प्रमुख (श्री ३) बीचको पदीय मर्यादा र शक्ति सन्तुलनलाई स्पष्ट पार्दथ्यो। २०६५ सालमा राजतन्त्रको अन्त्य भई [[नेपाल]] गणतन्त्र घोषित भएपछि, यो उपाधिको आधिकारिक राजकीय प्रयोग समाप्त भएको थियो। यद्यपि यसको औपचारिक प्रयोग बन्द भए तापनि, कतिपय अनौपचारिक वा परम्परागत समारोहहरूमा यो शब्द अझै पनि कहिलेकाहीँ प्रयोग हुने गरेको पाइन्छ।<ref>{{Cite web |last=Malla |first=Kamal P. |date=2003-06-01 |title=The king’s song |url=https://www.himalmag.com/comment/the-kings-song |access-date=2025-07-27 |website=Himal Southasian |language=en}}</ref> == सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू == {{सन्दर्भसूची}} 273hugkbwzarpfix16k4zwsvet096ya 1354831 1354830 2026-05-10T14:29:38Z Bishaldev100 28807 1354831 wikitext text/x-wiki {{छोटो विवरण|नेपालमा प्रयोग गरिने पूर्व राजकीय सम्मानबोधक शब्द}} '''श्री ५''' [[शाह वंश]]को समयमा [[नेपालका राजाहरूको सूची|नेपालका राजा]] र राजपरिवारका सदस्यका लागि प्रयोग गरिने एक राजकीय सम्मानबोधक शब्द थियो। यस शब्दलाई राजाको पूर्ण नामको अगाडि प्रयोग गरिन्थ्यो। राजालाई सम्बोधन गर्दा "श्री ५ महाराजाधिराज" भनिन्थ्यो भने रानीलाई "श्री ५ बडामहारानी" भन्ने गरिन्थ्यो। वि.सं. २०६५ जेठ १५ गतेको संविधान सभाको पहिलो बैठकले नेपाललाई सङ्घीय लोकतान्त्रिक गणतन्त्र घोषणा गरेपछि राजतन्त्रको अन्त्यसँगै यस उपाधि सरकारी र कानुनी रूपमा समेत खारेज भएको थियो।<ref name="UjyaaloNepal">{{Cite web |title="श्री ५" वा "श्री ५ महाराजाधिराज" प्रयोग गर्नु कुनै कानुननः अपराध होइन |url=https://www.ujyaalonepal.com/2025/310419/ |website=उज्यालो नेपाल |date=2025-07-11 |access-date=2026-04-25 |language=ne}}</ref> [[चित्र:Prithvi Narayan Shah 1960 (restoration).png|thumb|right|alt=Restored painting of Prithvi Narayan Shah|[[पृथ्वीनारायण शाह]], [[गोरखा राज्य]]का राजा, जसको पालादेखि ''श्री ५'' सम्मानबोधक शब्दको प्रयोग सुरु भएको थियो।]] ''श्री ५'' शब्द दुईवटा [[संस्कृत]] शब्दहरू मिलेर बनेको छ: ''[[श्री]]'' जुन सामान्यतया सम्मानबोधक शब्दको रूपमा प्रयोग गरिन्छ र ''पञ्च'', जसको अर्थ "पाँच" हुन्छ। यी दुई शब्द मिलेर बनेको "श्री ५" शब्द राजा र राजपरिवारका सदस्यलाई प्रयोग हुन्थ्यो। (उदाहरण: <ref>{{Cite journal |last=महर्जन |first=पशुपतिभक्त |date=२०५८ जेठ २१ |title=राज्यसहायक श्री ५ अधिराजकुमार ज्ञानेन्द्र वीरविक्रम शाहबाट देशवासीका नाममा २०५८ जेठ २१ गते आइतबार बक्सेको सन्देश |url=http://rajpatra.dop.gov.np/welcome/book/?ref=19048 |journal=नेपाल राजपत्र |volume=खण्ड ५१ अतिरिक्ताङ्क १४ |pages=2}}</ref><ref>[http://rajpatra.dop.gov.np/welcome/book?ref=19715 राजदरबारको विज्ञप्ति]</ref>) == शाह वंशका श्री ५ राजाहरूको सूची == शाह वंशका निम्न राजाहरूले 'श्री ५' को उपाधि धारण गरेका थिए: * [[पृथ्वीनारायण शाह]] (नेपालको एकीकरणकर्ता) * [[प्रतापसिंह शाह]] * [[रणबहादुर शाह]] * [[गीर्वाणयुद्ध विक्रम शाह]] * [[राजेन्द्र विक्रम शाह]] * [[सुरेन्द्र विक्रम शाह]] * [[पृथ्वी वीर विक्रम शाह]] * [[त्रिभुवन वीर विक्रम शाह]] * [[महेन्द्र वीर विक्रम शाह]] * [[वीरेन्द्र वीर विक्रम शाह]] * [[ज्ञानेन्द्र वीर विक्रम शाह]] (अन्तिम श्री ५ राजा) == ऐतिहासिक महत्त्व == [[मुलुकी ऐन]]को परिशिष्टमा राजा [[राम शाह]]लाई '''श्री ९ महाराजधिराज''' भनेर सम्बोधन गरिएको छ।<ref>{{Cite web |title=मुलुकी ऐन, १९१० परिशिष्ट (क) |url=https://repository.lawcommission.gov.np/np/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/मुलुकी-ऐन-१९१०.pdf |website=नेपाल कानुन आयोग}}</ref><ref name="सुवेदी2">{{cite book|last=|first=|author-link=|year=2022 Jestha|title=श्री ५ सुरेन्द्रविक्रम शाहदेवका शासनकालमा बनेको मुलुकी ऐन|publisher=श्री ५ को सरकार, कानून तथा न्याय मन्त्रालय|url=https://archive.org/details/muluki-ain-1910_202201/page/n713/mode/2up|isbn=|pages=695}}</ref> नेपालको एकीकरणपछि [[पृथ्वीनारायण शाह]]को पालादेखि यो उपाधि प्रयोगमा आएको मानिन्छ।<ref name="RatnaPustak">{{Cite book |last=आचार्य |first=बाबुराम |title=श्री ५ बडामहाराजाधिराज पृथ्वीनारायण शाहको जीवनी |publisher=रत्न पुस्तक भण्डार |year=२०३४ (विसं) |location=काठमाडौँ}}</ref> विशेषगरी हिन्दु परम्परामा राजालाई भगवान [[विष्णु]]को [[अवतार]] मानिने हुनाले पाँचपटक 'श्री' को प्रयोग गरेर राजाको ईश्वरीय र उच्च मर्यादालाई दर्शाउने गरिन्थ्यो। नेपाल सरकार र चीन सरकारबीच चिठी र खलितापत्रमामा चीन सम्राटलाई पनि "''स्वस्तिश्री ५ चिन बादशाह''" भनी सम्बोधन गरिन्थ्यो।<ref>{{cite book|title=श्री ५ रणबहादुर शाह (व्यक्तित्व र शासन )|author=[[चित्तरन्जन नेपाली]]|page=108-115|date=2020 BS|publisher=मेरी राजभण्डारी|isbn=|url=}}</ref> चिनियाँ अम्बाले नेपाललाई लेखेको पत्रमा चिनका राजालाई श्री ५ र नेपालका राजालाई श्री ३ लेखेका छन्।<ref>{{cite book|title=जनरल भीमसेन थापा र तत्कालीन नेपाल|author=[[चित्तरञ्जन नेपाली]]|page=२३३|date=2020 BS|publisher=मेरी राजभण्डारी|isbn=|url=}}</ref> <!--End Quote--> {| align="center" style="border-collapse:collapse;border-style:none;background-color:transparent;max-width:40em;width:60%;" | valign="top" style="color:{{{color|silver}}};font-size:{{{size|3.6em}}};font-family:serif;font-weight:bold;text-align:left;padding:10px 0;" |“ | valign="top" style="padding:0 1em;" |<center>'''स्वस्तिश्री ५ चिन वादसाहका हुकुमले भोट लाहासाको कामकाज गर्न्या श्री टुचाङ् ताठिन् सि अम्बा तथा श्री टुचान् ताठिन् वो अम्बाले पठायाको पत्रम् स्वस्तिश्री ३ ऋर्तिनिवाङ गिर्वान युद्ध विक्रम साहदेवेषु....''' '''...इति च्याछिन् वर्ष २० वैसाष वदि १२ मुकाम लाहासा शुभम्''' </center> | valign="bottom" style="color:{{{color|silver}}};font-size:{{{size|3.6em}}};font-family:serif;font-weight:bold;text-align:right;padding:10px 0;" |„ |}<!--End Quote--> भीमसेन थापाको उदयपछि उनले थापा खलकलाई श्री ३ दिलाएका थिए। कागजपत्रमा भीमसेन थापालाई "श्री श्री श्री बडा जर्नेल भीमसेन थापा" र भाइ रणध्वज थापालाई "श्री ३ काजी" भनी सम्बोधन गरिएको छ।<ref>{{cite book|title=जनरल भीमसेन थापा र तत्कालीन नेपाल|author=[[चित्तरञ्जन नेपाली]]|page=२२९|date=2020 BS|publisher=मेरी राजभण्डारी|isbn=|url=}}</ref> १०४ वर्षीय [[राणा शासन]]को समयमा प्रधानमन्त्रीहरूले आफ्ना लागि '''श्री ३''' को पदवी प्रयोग गर्दथे, जसले राजा (श्री ५) र कार्यकारी प्रमुख (श्री ३) बीचको पदीय मर्यादा र शक्ति सन्तुलनलाई स्पष्ट पार्दथ्यो। २०६५ सालमा राजतन्त्रको अन्त्य भई [[नेपाल]] गणतन्त्र घोषित भएपछि, यो उपाधिको आधिकारिक राजकीय प्रयोग समाप्त भएको थियो। यद्यपि यसको औपचारिक प्रयोग बन्द भए तापनि, कतिपय अनौपचारिक वा परम्परागत समारोहहरूमा यो शब्द अझै पनि कहिलेकाहीँ प्रयोग हुने गरेको पाइन्छ।<ref>{{Cite web |last=Malla |first=Kamal P. |date=2003-06-01 |title=The king’s song |url=https://www.himalmag.com/comment/the-kings-song |access-date=2025-07-27 |website=Himal Southasian |language=en}}</ref> == सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू == {{सन्दर्भसूची}} 4t645myan4jpiss3wtcjgbb0yxnqd1z 1354832 1354831 2026-05-10T14:51:25Z Bishaldev100 28807 /* ऐतिहासिक महत्त्व */ 1354832 wikitext text/x-wiki {{छोटो विवरण|नेपालमा प्रयोग गरिने पूर्व राजकीय सम्मानबोधक शब्द}} '''श्री ५''' [[शाह वंश]]को समयमा [[नेपालका राजाहरूको सूची|नेपालका राजा]] र राजपरिवारका सदस्यका लागि प्रयोग गरिने एक राजकीय सम्मानबोधक शब्द थियो। यस शब्दलाई राजाको पूर्ण नामको अगाडि प्रयोग गरिन्थ्यो। राजालाई सम्बोधन गर्दा "श्री ५ महाराजाधिराज" भनिन्थ्यो भने रानीलाई "श्री ५ बडामहारानी" भन्ने गरिन्थ्यो। वि.सं. २०६५ जेठ १५ गतेको संविधान सभाको पहिलो बैठकले नेपाललाई सङ्घीय लोकतान्त्रिक गणतन्त्र घोषणा गरेपछि राजतन्त्रको अन्त्यसँगै यस उपाधि सरकारी र कानुनी रूपमा समेत खारेज भएको थियो।<ref name="UjyaaloNepal">{{Cite web |title="श्री ५" वा "श्री ५ महाराजाधिराज" प्रयोग गर्नु कुनै कानुननः अपराध होइन |url=https://www.ujyaalonepal.com/2025/310419/ |website=उज्यालो नेपाल |date=2025-07-11 |access-date=2026-04-25 |language=ne}}</ref> [[चित्र:Prithvi Narayan Shah 1960 (restoration).png|thumb|right|alt=Restored painting of Prithvi Narayan Shah|[[पृथ्वीनारायण शाह]], [[गोरखा राज्य]]का राजा, जसको पालादेखि ''श्री ५'' सम्मानबोधक शब्दको प्रयोग सुरु भएको थियो।]] ''श्री ५'' शब्द दुईवटा [[संस्कृत]] शब्दहरू मिलेर बनेको छ: ''[[श्री]]'' जुन सामान्यतया सम्मानबोधक शब्दको रूपमा प्रयोग गरिन्छ र ''पञ्च'', जसको अर्थ "पाँच" हुन्छ। यी दुई शब्द मिलेर बनेको "श्री ५" शब्द राजा र राजपरिवारका सदस्यलाई प्रयोग हुन्थ्यो। (उदाहरण: <ref>{{Cite journal |last=महर्जन |first=पशुपतिभक्त |date=२०५८ जेठ २१ |title=राज्यसहायक श्री ५ अधिराजकुमार ज्ञानेन्द्र वीरविक्रम शाहबाट देशवासीका नाममा २०५८ जेठ २१ गते आइतबार बक्सेको सन्देश |url=http://rajpatra.dop.gov.np/welcome/book/?ref=19048 |journal=नेपाल राजपत्र |volume=खण्ड ५१ अतिरिक्ताङ्क १४ |pages=2}}</ref><ref>[http://rajpatra.dop.gov.np/welcome/book?ref=19715 राजदरबारको विज्ञप्ति]</ref>) == शाह वंशका श्री ५ राजाहरूको सूची == शाह वंशका निम्न राजाहरूले 'श्री ५' को उपाधि धारण गरेका थिए: * [[पृथ्वीनारायण शाह]] (नेपालको एकीकरणकर्ता) * [[प्रतापसिंह शाह]] * [[रणबहादुर शाह]] * [[गीर्वाणयुद्ध विक्रम शाह]] * [[राजेन्द्र विक्रम शाह]] * [[सुरेन्द्र विक्रम शाह]] * [[पृथ्वी वीर विक्रम शाह]] * [[त्रिभुवन वीर विक्रम शाह]] * [[महेन्द्र वीर विक्रम शाह]] * [[वीरेन्द्र वीर विक्रम शाह]] * [[ज्ञानेन्द्र वीर विक्रम शाह]] (अन्तिम श्री ५ राजा) == ऐतिहासिक महत्त्व == [[मुलुकी ऐन]]को परिशिष्टमा राजा [[राम शाह]]लाई '''श्री ९ महाराजधिराज''' भनेर सम्बोधन गरिएको छ।<ref>{{Cite web |title=मुलुकी ऐन, १९१० परिशिष्ट (क) |url=https://repository.lawcommission.gov.np/np/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/मुलुकी-ऐन-१९१०.pdf |website=नेपाल कानुन आयोग}}</ref><ref name="सुवेदी2">{{cite book|last=|first=|author-link=|year=2022 Jestha|title=श्री ५ सुरेन्द्रविक्रम शाहदेवका शासनकालमा बनेको मुलुकी ऐन|publisher=श्री ५ को सरकार, कानून तथा न्याय मन्त्रालय|url=https://archive.org/details/muluki-ain-1910_202201/page/n713/mode/2up|isbn=|pages=695}}</ref> नेपालको एकीकरणपछि [[पृथ्वीनारायण शाह]]को पालादेखि यो उपाधि प्रयोगमा आएको मानिन्छ।<ref name="RatnaPustak">{{Cite book |last=आचार्य |first=बाबुराम |title=श्री ५ बडामहाराजाधिराज पृथ्वीनारायण शाहको जीवनी |publisher=रत्न पुस्तक भण्डार |year=२०३४ (विसं) |location=काठमाडौँ}}</ref> विशेषगरी हिन्दु परम्परामा राजालाई भगवान [[विष्णु]]को [[अवतार]] मानिने हुनाले पाँचपटक 'श्री' को प्रयोग गरेर राजाको ईश्वरीय र उच्च मर्यादालाई दर्शाउने गरिन्थ्यो। नेपाल सरकार र चीन सरकारबीच चिठी र खलितापत्रमामा चीन सम्राटलाई पनि "''स्वस्तिश्री ५ चिन बादशाह''" भनी सम्बोधन गरिन्थ्यो।<ref>{{cite book|title=श्री ५ रणबहादुर शाह (व्यक्तित्व र शासन )|author=[[चित्तरन्जन नेपाली]]|page=108-115|date=2020 BS|publisher=मेरी राजभण्डारी|isbn=|url=}}</ref> चिनियाँ अम्बाले नेपाललाई लेखेको पत्रमा चिनका राजालाई श्री ५ र नेपालका राजालाई श्री ३ लेखेका छन्।<ref>{{cite book|title=जनरल भीमसेन थापा र तत्कालीन नेपाल|author=[[चित्तरञ्जन नेपाली]]|page=२३३|date=2020 BS|publisher=मेरी राजभण्डारी|isbn=|url=}}</ref> <!--End Quote--> {| align="center" style="border-collapse:collapse;border-style:none;background-color:transparent;max-width:40em;width:60%;" | valign="top" style="color:{{{color|silver}}};font-size:{{{size|3.6em}}};font-family:serif;font-weight:bold;text-align:left;padding:10px 0;" |“ | valign="top" style="padding:0 1em;" |<center>'''स्वस्तिश्री ५ चिन वादसाहका हुकुमले भोट लाहासाको कामकाज गर्न्या श्री टुचाङ् ताठिन् सि अम्बा तथा श्री टुचान् ताठिन् वो अम्बाले पठायाको पत्रम् स्वस्तिश्री ३ ऋर्तिनिवाङ गिर्वान युद्ध विक्रम साहदेवेषु....''' '''...इति च्याछिन् वर्ष २० वैसाष वदि १२ मुकाम लाहासा शुभम्''' </center> | valign="bottom" style="color:{{{color|silver}}};font-size:{{{size|3.6em}}};font-family:serif;font-weight:bold;text-align:right;padding:10px 0;" |„ |}<!--End Quote--> भीमसेन थापाको उदयपछि उनले थापा खलकलाई श्री ३ दिलाएका थिए। कागजपत्रमा भीमसेन थापालाई "श्री श्री श्री बडा जर्नेल भीमसेन थापा" र भाइ रणध्वज थापालाई "श्री ३ काजी" भनी सम्बोधन गरिएको छ।<ref>{{cite book|title=जनरल भीमसेन थापा र तत्कालीन नेपाल|author=[[चित्तरञ्जन नेपाली]]|page=२२९|date=2020 BS|publisher=मेरी राजभण्डारी|isbn=|url=}}</ref> १८९२ मा राजा राजेन्द्रले भीमसेन थापालाई कमान्डर इन चिफ पदवी दिदाँ राजपरिवारका सदस्यहरूलाई "श्री ६" बाट सम्बोधन गरिएको छ। १०४ वर्षीय [[राणा शासन]]को समयमा प्रधानमन्त्रीहरूले आफ्ना लागि '''श्री ३''' को पदवी प्रयोग गर्दथे, जसले राजा (श्री ५) र कार्यकारी प्रमुख (श्री ३) बीचको पदीय मर्यादा र शक्ति सन्तुलनलाई स्पष्ट पार्दथ्यो। २०६५ सालमा राजतन्त्रको अन्त्य भई [[नेपाल]] गणतन्त्र घोषित भएपछि, यो उपाधिको आधिकारिक राजकीय प्रयोग समाप्त भएको थियो। यद्यपि यसको औपचारिक प्रयोग बन्द भए तापनि, कतिपय अनौपचारिक वा परम्परागत समारोहहरूमा यो शब्द अझै पनि कहिलेकाहीँ प्रयोग हुने गरेको पाइन्छ।<ref>{{Cite web |last=Malla |first=Kamal P. |date=2003-06-01 |title=The king’s song |url=https://www.himalmag.com/comment/the-kings-song |access-date=2025-07-27 |website=Himal Southasian |language=en}}</ref> == सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू == {{सन्दर्भसूची}} mza9hx0wa42t61skle92055yc6ngtgm 1354843 1354832 2026-05-11T03:31:12Z Bishaldev100 28807 /* ऐतिहासिक महत्त्व */ 1354843 wikitext text/x-wiki {{छोटो विवरण|नेपालमा प्रयोग गरिने पूर्व राजकीय सम्मानबोधक शब्द}} '''श्री ५''' [[शाह वंश]]को समयमा [[नेपालका राजाहरूको सूची|नेपालका राजा]] र राजपरिवारका सदस्यका लागि प्रयोग गरिने एक राजकीय सम्मानबोधक शब्द थियो। यस शब्दलाई राजाको पूर्ण नामको अगाडि प्रयोग गरिन्थ्यो। राजालाई सम्बोधन गर्दा "श्री ५ महाराजाधिराज" भनिन्थ्यो भने रानीलाई "श्री ५ बडामहारानी" भन्ने गरिन्थ्यो। वि.सं. २०६५ जेठ १५ गतेको संविधान सभाको पहिलो बैठकले नेपाललाई सङ्घीय लोकतान्त्रिक गणतन्त्र घोषणा गरेपछि राजतन्त्रको अन्त्यसँगै यस उपाधि सरकारी र कानुनी रूपमा समेत खारेज भएको थियो।<ref name="UjyaaloNepal">{{Cite web |title="श्री ५" वा "श्री ५ महाराजाधिराज" प्रयोग गर्नु कुनै कानुननः अपराध होइन |url=https://www.ujyaalonepal.com/2025/310419/ |website=उज्यालो नेपाल |date=2025-07-11 |access-date=2026-04-25 |language=ne}}</ref> [[चित्र:Prithvi Narayan Shah 1960 (restoration).png|thumb|right|alt=Restored painting of Prithvi Narayan Shah|[[पृथ्वीनारायण शाह]], [[गोरखा राज्य]]का राजा, जसको पालादेखि ''श्री ५'' सम्मानबोधक शब्दको प्रयोग सुरु भएको थियो।]] ''श्री ५'' शब्द दुईवटा [[संस्कृत]] शब्दहरू मिलेर बनेको छ: ''[[श्री]]'' जुन सामान्यतया सम्मानबोधक शब्दको रूपमा प्रयोग गरिन्छ र ''पञ्च'', जसको अर्थ "पाँच" हुन्छ। यी दुई शब्द मिलेर बनेको "श्री ५" शब्द राजा र राजपरिवारका सदस्यलाई प्रयोग हुन्थ्यो। (उदाहरण: <ref>{{Cite journal |last=महर्जन |first=पशुपतिभक्त |date=२०५८ जेठ २१ |title=राज्यसहायक श्री ५ अधिराजकुमार ज्ञानेन्द्र वीरविक्रम शाहबाट देशवासीका नाममा २०५८ जेठ २१ गते आइतबार बक्सेको सन्देश |url=http://rajpatra.dop.gov.np/welcome/book/?ref=19048 |journal=नेपाल राजपत्र |volume=खण्ड ५१ अतिरिक्ताङ्क १४ |pages=2}}</ref><ref>[http://rajpatra.dop.gov.np/welcome/book?ref=19715 राजदरबारको विज्ञप्ति]</ref>) == शाह वंशका श्री ५ राजाहरूको सूची == शाह वंशका निम्न राजाहरूले 'श्री ५' को उपाधि धारण गरेका थिए: * [[पृथ्वीनारायण शाह]] (नेपालको एकीकरणकर्ता) * [[प्रतापसिंह शाह]] * [[रणबहादुर शाह]] * [[गीर्वाणयुद्ध विक्रम शाह]] * [[राजेन्द्र विक्रम शाह]] * [[सुरेन्द्र विक्रम शाह]] * [[पृथ्वी वीर विक्रम शाह]] * [[त्रिभुवन वीर विक्रम शाह]] * [[महेन्द्र वीर विक्रम शाह]] * [[वीरेन्द्र वीर विक्रम शाह]] * [[ज्ञानेन्द्र वीर विक्रम शाह]] (अन्तिम श्री ५ राजा) == ऐतिहासिक महत्त्व == [[मुलुकी ऐन]]को परिशिष्टमा राजा [[राम शाह]]लाई '''श्री ९ महाराजधिराज''' भनेर सम्बोधन गरिएको छ।<ref>{{Cite web |title=मुलुकी ऐन, १९१० परिशिष्ट (क) |url=https://repository.lawcommission.gov.np/np/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/मुलुकी-ऐन-१९१०.pdf |website=नेपाल कानुन आयोग}}</ref><ref name="सुवेदी2">{{cite book|last=|first=|author-link=|year=2022 Jestha|title=श्री ५ सुरेन्द्रविक्रम शाहदेवका शासनकालमा बनेको मुलुकी ऐन|publisher=श्री ५ को सरकार, कानून तथा न्याय मन्त्रालय|url=https://archive.org/details/muluki-ain-1910_202201/page/n713/mode/2up|isbn=|pages=695}}</ref> नेपालको एकीकरणपछि [[पृथ्वीनारायण शाह]]को पालादेखि यो उपाधि प्रयोगमा आएको मानिन्छ।<ref name="RatnaPustak">{{Cite book |last=आचार्य |first=बाबुराम |title=श्री ५ बडामहाराजाधिराज पृथ्वीनारायण शाहको जीवनी |publisher=रत्न पुस्तक भण्डार |year=२०३४ (विसं) |location=काठमाडौँ}}</ref> विशेषगरी हिन्दु परम्परामा राजालाई भगवान [[विष्णु]]को [[अवतार]] मानिने हुनाले पाँचपटक 'श्री' को प्रयोग गरेर राजाको ईश्वरीय र उच्च मर्यादालाई दर्शाउने गरिन्थ्यो। नेपाल सरकार र चीन सरकारबीच चिठी र खलितापत्रमामा चीन सम्राटलाई पनि "''स्वस्तिश्री ५ चिन बादशाह''" भनी सम्बोधन गरिन्थ्यो।<ref>{{cite book|title=श्री ५ रणबहादुर शाह (व्यक्तित्व र शासन )|author=[[चित्तरन्जन नेपाली]]|page=108-115|date=2020 BS|publisher=मेरी राजभण्डारी|isbn=|url=}}</ref> चिनियाँ अम्बाले नेपाललाई लेखेको पत्रमा चिनका राजालाई श्री ५ र नेपालका राजालाई श्री ३ लेखेका छन्।<ref>{{cite book|title=जनरल भीमसेन थापा र तत्कालीन नेपाल|author=[[चित्तरञ्जन नेपाली]]|page=२३३|date=2020 BS|publisher=मेरी राजभण्डारी|isbn=|url=}}</ref> <!--End Quote--> {| align="center" style="border-collapse:collapse;border-style:none;background-color:transparent;max-width:40em;width:60%;" | valign="top" style="color:{{{color|silver}}};font-size:{{{size|3.6em}}};font-family:serif;font-weight:bold;text-align:left;padding:10px 0;" |“ | valign="top" style="padding:0 1em;" |<center>'''स्वस्तिश्री ५ चिन वादसाहका हुकुमले भोट लाहासाको कामकाज गर्न्या श्री टुचाङ् ताठिन् सि अम्बा तथा श्री टुचान् ताठिन् वो अम्बाले पठायाको पत्रम् स्वस्तिश्री ३ ऋर्तिनिवाङ गिर्वान युद्ध विक्रम साहदेवेषु....''' '''...इति च्याछिन् वर्ष २० वैसाष वदि १२ मुकाम लाहासा शुभम्''' </center> | valign="bottom" style="color:{{{color|silver}}};font-size:{{{size|3.6em}}};font-family:serif;font-weight:bold;text-align:right;padding:10px 0;" |„ |}<!--End Quote--> भीमसेन थापाको उदयपछि उनले थापा खलकलाई श्री ३ दिलाएका थिए। कागजपत्रमा भीमसेन थापालाई "श्री श्री श्री बडा जर्नेल भीमसेन थापा" र भाइ रणध्वज थापालाई "श्री ३ काजी" भनी सम्बोधन गरिएको भेटिन्छ।<ref>{{cite book|title=जनरल भीमसेन थापा र तत्कालीन नेपाल|author=[[चित्तरञ्जन नेपाली]]|page=२२९|date=2020 BS|publisher=मेरी राजभण्डारी|isbn=|url=}}</ref> १८९२ मा राजा राजेन्द्रले भीमसेन थापालाई कमान्डर इन चिफ पदवी दिदाँ राजपरिवारका सदस्यहरूलाई "श्री ६" बाट सम्बोधन गरिएको छ। १०४ वर्षीय [[राणा शासन]]को समयमा प्रधानमन्त्रीहरूले आफ्ना लागि '''श्री ३''' को पदवी प्रयोग गर्दथे, जसले राजा (श्री ५) र कार्यकारी प्रमुख (श्री ३) बीचको पदीय मर्यादा र शक्ति सन्तुलनलाई स्पष्ट पार्दथ्यो। २०६५ सालमा राजतन्त्रको अन्त्य भई [[नेपाल]] गणतन्त्र घोषित भएपछि, यो उपाधिको आधिकारिक राजकीय प्रयोग समाप्त भएको थियो। यद्यपि यसको औपचारिक प्रयोग बन्द भए तापनि, कतिपय अनौपचारिक वा परम्परागत समारोहहरूमा यो शब्द अझै पनि कहिलेकाहीँ प्रयोग हुने गरेको पाइन्छ।<ref>{{Cite web |last=Malla |first=Kamal P. |date=2003-06-01 |title=The king’s song |url=https://www.himalmag.com/comment/the-kings-song |access-date=2025-07-27 |website=Himal Southasian |language=en}}</ref> == सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू == {{सन्दर्भसूची}} 964a83brb4y82xfgkompqxcze2eq8bn 1354849 1354843 2026-05-11T03:41:14Z Bishaldev100 28807 /* ऐतिहासिक महत्त्व */ 1354849 wikitext text/x-wiki {{छोटो विवरण|नेपालमा प्रयोग गरिने पूर्व राजकीय सम्मानबोधक शब्द}} '''श्री ५''' [[शाह वंश]]को समयमा [[नेपालका राजाहरूको सूची|नेपालका राजा]] र राजपरिवारका सदस्यका लागि प्रयोग गरिने एक राजकीय सम्मानबोधक शब्द थियो। यस शब्दलाई राजाको पूर्ण नामको अगाडि प्रयोग गरिन्थ्यो। राजालाई सम्बोधन गर्दा "श्री ५ महाराजाधिराज" भनिन्थ्यो भने रानीलाई "श्री ५ बडामहारानी" भन्ने गरिन्थ्यो। वि.सं. २०६५ जेठ १५ गतेको संविधान सभाको पहिलो बैठकले नेपाललाई सङ्घीय लोकतान्त्रिक गणतन्त्र घोषणा गरेपछि राजतन्त्रको अन्त्यसँगै यस उपाधि सरकारी र कानुनी रूपमा समेत खारेज भएको थियो।<ref name="UjyaaloNepal">{{Cite web |title="श्री ५" वा "श्री ५ महाराजाधिराज" प्रयोग गर्नु कुनै कानुननः अपराध होइन |url=https://www.ujyaalonepal.com/2025/310419/ |website=उज्यालो नेपाल |date=2025-07-11 |access-date=2026-04-25 |language=ne}}</ref> [[चित्र:Prithvi Narayan Shah 1960 (restoration).png|thumb|right|alt=Restored painting of Prithvi Narayan Shah|[[पृथ्वीनारायण शाह]], [[गोरखा राज्य]]का राजा, जसको पालादेखि ''श्री ५'' सम्मानबोधक शब्दको प्रयोग सुरु भएको थियो।]] ''श्री ५'' शब्द दुईवटा [[संस्कृत]] शब्दहरू मिलेर बनेको छ: ''[[श्री]]'' जुन सामान्यतया सम्मानबोधक शब्दको रूपमा प्रयोग गरिन्छ र ''पञ्च'', जसको अर्थ "पाँच" हुन्छ। यी दुई शब्द मिलेर बनेको "श्री ५" शब्द राजा र राजपरिवारका सदस्यलाई प्रयोग हुन्थ्यो। (उदाहरण: <ref>{{Cite journal |last=महर्जन |first=पशुपतिभक्त |date=२०५८ जेठ २१ |title=राज्यसहायक श्री ५ अधिराजकुमार ज्ञानेन्द्र वीरविक्रम शाहबाट देशवासीका नाममा २०५८ जेठ २१ गते आइतबार बक्सेको सन्देश |url=http://rajpatra.dop.gov.np/welcome/book/?ref=19048 |journal=नेपाल राजपत्र |volume=खण्ड ५१ अतिरिक्ताङ्क १४ |pages=2}}</ref><ref>[http://rajpatra.dop.gov.np/welcome/book?ref=19715 राजदरबारको विज्ञप्ति]</ref>) == शाह वंशका श्री ५ राजाहरूको सूची == शाह वंशका निम्न राजाहरूले 'श्री ५' को उपाधि धारण गरेका थिए: * [[पृथ्वीनारायण शाह]] (नेपालको एकीकरणकर्ता) * [[प्रतापसिंह शाह]] * [[रणबहादुर शाह]] * [[गीर्वाणयुद्ध विक्रम शाह]] * [[राजेन्द्र विक्रम शाह]] * [[सुरेन्द्र विक्रम शाह]] * [[पृथ्वी वीर विक्रम शाह]] * [[त्रिभुवन वीर विक्रम शाह]] * [[महेन्द्र वीर विक्रम शाह]] * [[वीरेन्द्र वीर विक्रम शाह]] * [[ज्ञानेन्द्र वीर विक्रम शाह]] (अन्तिम श्री ५ राजा) == ऐतिहासिक महत्त्व == [[मुलुकी ऐन]]को परिशिष्टमा राजा [[राम शाह]]लाई '''श्री ९ महाराजधिराज''' भनेर सम्बोधन गरिएको छ।<ref>{{Cite web |title=मुलुकी ऐन, १९१० परिशिष्ट (क) |url=https://repository.lawcommission.gov.np/np/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/मुलुकी-ऐन-१९१०.pdf |website=नेपाल कानुन आयोग}}</ref><ref name="सुवेदी2">{{cite book|last=|first=|author-link=|year=2022 Jestha|title=श्री ५ सुरेन्द्रविक्रम शाहदेवका शासनकालमा बनेको मुलुकी ऐन|publisher=श्री ५ को सरकार, कानून तथा न्याय मन्त्रालय|url=https://archive.org/details/muluki-ain-1910_202201/page/n713/mode/2up|isbn=|pages=695}}</ref> नेपालको एकीकरणपछि [[पृथ्वीनारायण शाह]]को पालादेखि यो उपाधि प्रयोगमा आएको मानिन्छ।<ref name="RatnaPustak">{{Cite book |last=आचार्य |first=बाबुराम |title=श्री ५ बडामहाराजाधिराज पृथ्वीनारायण शाहको जीवनी |publisher=रत्न पुस्तक भण्डार |year=२०३४ (विसं) |location=काठमाडौँ}}</ref> विशेषगरी हिन्दु परम्परामा राजालाई भगवान [[विष्णु]]को [[अवतार]] मानिने हुनाले पाँचपटक 'श्री' को प्रयोग गरेर राजाको ईश्वरीय र उच्च मर्यादालाई दर्शाउने गरिन्थ्यो। नेपाल सरकार र चीन सरकारबीच चिठी र खलितापत्रमामा चीन सम्राटलाई पनि "''स्वस्तिश्री ५ चिन बादशाह''" भनी सम्बोधन गरिन्थ्यो।<ref>{{cite book|title=श्री ५ रणबहादुर शाह (व्यक्तित्व र शासन )|author=[[चित्तरन्जन नेपाली]]|page=108-115|date=2020 BS|publisher=मेरी राजभण्डारी|isbn=|url=}}</ref> चिनियाँ अम्बाले नेपाललाई लेखेको पत्रमा चिनका राजालाई श्री ५ र नेपालका राजालाई श्री ३ लेखेका छन्।<ref>{{cite book|title=जनरल भीमसेन थापा र तत्कालीन नेपाल|author=[[चित्तरञ्जन नेपाली]]|page=२३३|date=2020 BS|publisher=मेरी राजभण्डारी|isbn=|url=}}</ref> <!--End Quote--> {| align="center" style="border-collapse:collapse;border-style:none;background-color:transparent;max-width:40em;width:60%;" | valign="top" style="color:{{{color|silver}}};font-size:{{{size|3.6em}}};font-family:serif;font-weight:bold;text-align:left;padding:10px 0;" |“ | valign="top" style="padding:0 1em;" |<center>'''स्वस्तिश्री ५ चिन वादसाहका हुकुमले भोट लाहासाको कामकाज गर्न्या श्री टुचाङ् ताठिन् सि अम्बा तथा श्री टुचान् ताठिन् वो अम्बाले पठायाको पत्रम् स्वस्तिश्री ३ ऋर्तिनिवाङ गिर्वान युद्ध विक्रम साहदेवेषु....''' '''...इति च्याछिन् वर्ष २० वैसाष वदि १२ मुकाम लाहासा शुभम्''' </center> | valign="bottom" style="color:{{{color|silver}}};font-size:{{{size|3.6em}}};font-family:serif;font-weight:bold;text-align:right;padding:10px 0;" |„ |}<!--End Quote--> भीमसेन थापाको उदयपछि उनले थापा खलकलाई श्री ३ दिलाएका थिए। कागजपत्रमा भीमसेन थापालाई "श्री श्री श्री बडा जर्नेल भीमसेन थापा" र भाइ रणध्वज थापालाई "श्री ३ काजी" भनी सम्बोधन गरिएको भेटिन्छ।<ref>{{cite book|title=जनरल भीमसेन थापा र तत्कालीन नेपाल|author=[[चित्तरञ्जन नेपाली]]|page=२२९|date=2020 BS|publisher=मेरी राजभण्डारी|isbn=|url=}}</ref> १८९२ मा राजा राजेन्द्रले भीमसेन थापालाई कमान्डर इन चिफ पदवी दिदाँ राजपरिवारका सदस्यहरूलाई "श्री ६" बाट सम्बोधन गरिएको छ। १०४ वर्षीय [[राणा शासन]]को समयमा प्रधानमन्त्रीहरूले आफ्ना लागि '''श्री ३''' को पदवी प्रयोग गर्दथे, जसले राजा (श्री ५) र कार्यकारी प्रमुख (श्री ३) बीचको पदीय मर्यादा र शक्ति सन्तुलनलाई स्पष्ट पार्दथ्यो। राजा त्रिभुवनको समयसम्मको सिक्कामा राजाको नामको अगाडि श्री श्री श्री लगाइएको छ। राजा महेन्द्रको सिक्कामा मात्र श्री ५ महेन्द्र लेखिएको देखिन्छ। २०६५ सालमा राजतन्त्रको अन्त्य भई [[नेपाल]] गणतन्त्र घोषित भएपछि, यो उपाधिको आधिकारिक राजकीय प्रयोग समाप्त भएको थियो। यद्यपि यसको औपचारिक प्रयोग बन्द भए तापनि, कतिपय अनौपचारिक वा परम्परागत समारोहहरूमा यो शब्द अझै पनि कहिलेकाहीँ प्रयोग हुने गरेको पाइन्छ।<ref>{{Cite web |last=Malla |first=Kamal P. |date=2003-06-01 |title=The king’s song |url=https://www.himalmag.com/comment/the-kings-song |access-date=2025-07-27 |website=Himal Southasian |language=en}}</ref> == सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू == {{सन्दर्भसूची}} quf5dckgpvrimbl0ya441pckc6jdbcr 1354850 1354849 2026-05-11T03:48:46Z Bishaldev100 28807 /* ऐतिहासिक महत्त्व */ 1354850 wikitext text/x-wiki {{छोटो विवरण|नेपालमा प्रयोग गरिने पूर्व राजकीय सम्मानबोधक शब्द}} '''श्री ५''' [[शाह वंश]]को समयमा [[नेपालका राजाहरूको सूची|नेपालका राजा]] र राजपरिवारका सदस्यका लागि प्रयोग गरिने एक राजकीय सम्मानबोधक शब्द थियो। यस शब्दलाई राजाको पूर्ण नामको अगाडि प्रयोग गरिन्थ्यो। राजालाई सम्बोधन गर्दा "श्री ५ महाराजाधिराज" भनिन्थ्यो भने रानीलाई "श्री ५ बडामहारानी" भन्ने गरिन्थ्यो। वि.सं. २०६५ जेठ १५ गतेको संविधान सभाको पहिलो बैठकले नेपाललाई सङ्घीय लोकतान्त्रिक गणतन्त्र घोषणा गरेपछि राजतन्त्रको अन्त्यसँगै यस उपाधि सरकारी र कानुनी रूपमा समेत खारेज भएको थियो।<ref name="UjyaaloNepal">{{Cite web |title="श्री ५" वा "श्री ५ महाराजाधिराज" प्रयोग गर्नु कुनै कानुननः अपराध होइन |url=https://www.ujyaalonepal.com/2025/310419/ |website=उज्यालो नेपाल |date=2025-07-11 |access-date=2026-04-25 |language=ne}}</ref> [[चित्र:Prithvi Narayan Shah 1960 (restoration).png|thumb|right|alt=Restored painting of Prithvi Narayan Shah|[[पृथ्वीनारायण शाह]], [[गोरखा राज्य]]का राजा, जसको पालादेखि ''श्री ५'' सम्मानबोधक शब्दको प्रयोग सुरु भएको थियो।]] ''श्री ५'' शब्द दुईवटा [[संस्कृत]] शब्दहरू मिलेर बनेको छ: ''[[श्री]]'' जुन सामान्यतया सम्मानबोधक शब्दको रूपमा प्रयोग गरिन्छ र ''पञ्च'', जसको अर्थ "पाँच" हुन्छ। यी दुई शब्द मिलेर बनेको "श्री ५" शब्द राजा र राजपरिवारका सदस्यलाई प्रयोग हुन्थ्यो। (उदाहरण: <ref>{{Cite journal |last=महर्जन |first=पशुपतिभक्त |date=२०५८ जेठ २१ |title=राज्यसहायक श्री ५ अधिराजकुमार ज्ञानेन्द्र वीरविक्रम शाहबाट देशवासीका नाममा २०५८ जेठ २१ गते आइतबार बक्सेको सन्देश |url=http://rajpatra.dop.gov.np/welcome/book/?ref=19048 |journal=नेपाल राजपत्र |volume=खण्ड ५१ अतिरिक्ताङ्क १४ |pages=2}}</ref><ref>[http://rajpatra.dop.gov.np/welcome/book?ref=19715 राजदरबारको विज्ञप्ति]</ref>) == शाह वंशका श्री ५ राजाहरूको सूची == शाह वंशका निम्न राजाहरूले 'श्री ५' को उपाधि धारण गरेका थिए: * [[पृथ्वीनारायण शाह]] (नेपालको एकीकरणकर्ता) * [[प्रतापसिंह शाह]] * [[रणबहादुर शाह]] * [[गीर्वाणयुद्ध विक्रम शाह]] * [[राजेन्द्र विक्रम शाह]] * [[सुरेन्द्र विक्रम शाह]] * [[पृथ्वी वीर विक्रम शाह]] * [[त्रिभुवन वीर विक्रम शाह]] * [[महेन्द्र वीर विक्रम शाह]] * [[वीरेन्द्र वीर विक्रम शाह]] * [[ज्ञानेन्द्र वीर विक्रम शाह]] (अन्तिम श्री ५ राजा) == ऐतिहासिक महत्त्व == [[मुलुकी ऐन]]को परिशिष्टमा राजा [[राम शाह]]लाई '''श्री ९ महाराजधिराज''' भनेर सम्बोधन गरिएको छ।<ref>{{Cite web |title=मुलुकी ऐन, १९१० परिशिष्ट (क) |url=https://repository.lawcommission.gov.np/np/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/मुलुकी-ऐन-१९१०.pdf |website=नेपाल कानुन आयोग}}</ref><ref name="सुवेदी2">{{cite book|last=|first=|author-link=|year=2022 Jestha|title=श्री ५ सुरेन्द्रविक्रम शाहदेवका शासनकालमा बनेको मुलुकी ऐन|publisher=श्री ५ को सरकार, कानून तथा न्याय मन्त्रालय|url=https://archive.org/details/muluki-ain-1910_202201/page/n713/mode/2up|isbn=|pages=695}}</ref> नेपालको एकीकरणपछि [[पृथ्वीनारायण शाह]]को पालादेखि यो उपाधि प्रयोगमा आएको मानिन्छ।<ref name="RatnaPustak">{{Cite book |last=आचार्य |first=बाबुराम |title=श्री ५ बडामहाराजाधिराज पृथ्वीनारायण शाहको जीवनी |publisher=रत्न पुस्तक भण्डार |year=२०३४ (विसं) |location=काठमाडौँ}}</ref> विशेषगरी हिन्दु परम्परामा राजालाई भगवान [[विष्णु]]को [[अवतार]] मानिने हुनाले पाँचपटक 'श्री' को प्रयोग गरेर राजाको ईश्वरीय र उच्च मर्यादालाई दर्शाउने गरिन्थ्यो। नेपाल सरकार र चीन सरकारबीच चिठी र खलितापत्रमामा चीन सम्राटलाई पनि "''स्वस्तिश्री ५ चिन बादशाह''" भनी सम्बोधन गरिन्थ्यो।<ref>{{cite book|title=श्री ५ रणबहादुर शाह (व्यक्तित्व र शासन )|author=[[चित्तरन्जन नेपाली]]|page=108-115|date=2020 BS|publisher=मेरी राजभण्डारी|isbn=|url=}}</ref> चिनियाँ अम्बाले नेपाललाई लेखेको पत्रमा चिनका राजालाई श्री ५ र नेपालका राजालाई श्री ३ लेखेका छन्।<ref>{{cite book|title=जनरल भीमसेन थापा र तत्कालीन नेपाल|author=[[चित्तरञ्जन नेपाली]]|page=२३३|date=2020 BS|publisher=मेरी राजभण्डारी|isbn=|url=}}</ref> <!--End Quote--> {| align="center" style="border-collapse:collapse;border-style:none;background-color:transparent;max-width:40em;width:60%;" | valign="top" style="color:{{{color|silver}}};font-size:{{{size|3.6em}}};font-family:serif;font-weight:bold;text-align:left;padding:10px 0;" |“ | valign="top" style="padding:0 1em;" |<center>'''स्वस्तिश्री ५ चिन वादसाहका हुकुमले भोट लाहासाको कामकाज गर्न्या श्री टुचाङ् ताठिन् सि अम्बा तथा श्री टुचान् ताठिन् वो अम्बाले पठायाको पत्रम् स्वस्तिश्री ३ ऋर्तिनिवाङ गिर्वान युद्ध विक्रम साहदेवेषु....''' '''...इति च्याछिन् वर्ष २० वैसाष वदि १२ मुकाम लाहासा शुभम्''' </center> | valign="bottom" style="color:{{{color|silver}}};font-size:{{{size|3.6em}}};font-family:serif;font-weight:bold;text-align:right;padding:10px 0;" |„ |}<!--End Quote--> भीमसेन थापाको उदयपछि उनले थापा खलकलाई श्री ३ दिलाएका थिए। कागजपत्रमा भीमसेन थापालाई "श्री श्री श्री बडा जर्नेल भीमसेन थापा" र भाइ रणध्वज थापालाई "श्री ३ काजी" भनी सम्बोधन गरिएको भेटिन्छ।<ref>{{cite book|title=जनरल भीमसेन थापा र तत्कालीन नेपाल|author=[[चित्तरञ्जन नेपाली]]|page=२२९|date=2020 BS|publisher=मेरी राजभण्डारी|isbn=|url=}}</ref> १८९२ मा राजा राजेन्द्रले भीमसेन थापालाई कमान्डर इन चिफ पदवी दिदाँ राजपरिवारका सदस्यहरूलाई "श्री ६" बाट सम्बोधन गरिएको छ। १०४ वर्षीय [[राणा शासन]]को समयमा प्रधानमन्त्रीहरूले आफ्ना लागि '''श्री ३''' को पदवी प्रयोग गर्दथे, जसले राजा (श्री ५) र कार्यकारी प्रमुख (श्री ३) बीचको पदीय मर्यादा र शक्ति सन्तुलनलाई स्पष्ट पार्दथ्यो। राजा त्रिभुवनको समयसम्मको सिक्कामा राजाको नामको अगाडि श्री श्री श्री लगाइएको छ। राजा महेन्द्रदेखिको सिक्कामा मात्र श्री ५ महेन्द्र लेखिएको देखिन्छ। २०६५ सालमा राजतन्त्रको अन्त्य भई [[नेपाल]] गणतन्त्र घोषित भएपछि, यो उपाधिको आधिकारिक राजकीय प्रयोग समाप्त भएको थियो। यद्यपि यसको औपचारिक प्रयोग बन्द भए तापनि, कतिपय अनौपचारिक वा परम्परागत समारोहहरूमा यो शब्द अझै पनि कहिलेकाहीँ प्रयोग हुने गरेको पाइन्छ।<ref>{{Cite web |last=Malla |first=Kamal P. |date=2003-06-01 |title=The king’s song |url=https://www.himalmag.com/comment/the-kings-song |access-date=2025-07-27 |website=Himal Southasian |language=en}}</ref> == सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू == {{सन्दर्भसूची}} 4tto6u0pi822rgu7mos6i6944nu960z 1354855 1354850 2026-05-11T04:41:30Z Bishaldev100 28807 /* ऐतिहासिक महत्त्व */ 1354855 wikitext text/x-wiki {{छोटो विवरण|नेपालमा प्रयोग गरिने पूर्व राजकीय सम्मानबोधक शब्द}} '''श्री ५''' [[शाह वंश]]को समयमा [[नेपालका राजाहरूको सूची|नेपालका राजा]] र राजपरिवारका सदस्यका लागि प्रयोग गरिने एक राजकीय सम्मानबोधक शब्द थियो। यस शब्दलाई राजाको पूर्ण नामको अगाडि प्रयोग गरिन्थ्यो। राजालाई सम्बोधन गर्दा "श्री ५ महाराजाधिराज" भनिन्थ्यो भने रानीलाई "श्री ५ बडामहारानी" भन्ने गरिन्थ्यो। वि.सं. २०६५ जेठ १५ गतेको संविधान सभाको पहिलो बैठकले नेपाललाई सङ्घीय लोकतान्त्रिक गणतन्त्र घोषणा गरेपछि राजतन्त्रको अन्त्यसँगै यस उपाधि सरकारी र कानुनी रूपमा समेत खारेज भएको थियो।<ref name="UjyaaloNepal">{{Cite web |title="श्री ५" वा "श्री ५ महाराजाधिराज" प्रयोग गर्नु कुनै कानुननः अपराध होइन |url=https://www.ujyaalonepal.com/2025/310419/ |website=उज्यालो नेपाल |date=2025-07-11 |access-date=2026-04-25 |language=ne}}</ref> [[चित्र:Prithvi Narayan Shah 1960 (restoration).png|thumb|right|alt=Restored painting of Prithvi Narayan Shah|[[पृथ्वीनारायण शाह]], [[गोरखा राज्य]]का राजा, जसको पालादेखि ''श्री ५'' सम्मानबोधक शब्दको प्रयोग सुरु भएको थियो।]] ''श्री ५'' शब्द दुईवटा [[संस्कृत]] शब्दहरू मिलेर बनेको छ: ''[[श्री]]'' जुन सामान्यतया सम्मानबोधक शब्दको रूपमा प्रयोग गरिन्छ र ''पञ्च'', जसको अर्थ "पाँच" हुन्छ। यी दुई शब्द मिलेर बनेको "श्री ५" शब्द राजा र राजपरिवारका सदस्यलाई प्रयोग हुन्थ्यो। (उदाहरण: <ref>{{Cite journal |last=महर्जन |first=पशुपतिभक्त |date=२०५८ जेठ २१ |title=राज्यसहायक श्री ५ अधिराजकुमार ज्ञानेन्द्र वीरविक्रम शाहबाट देशवासीका नाममा २०५८ जेठ २१ गते आइतबार बक्सेको सन्देश |url=http://rajpatra.dop.gov.np/welcome/book/?ref=19048 |journal=नेपाल राजपत्र |volume=खण्ड ५१ अतिरिक्ताङ्क १४ |pages=2}}</ref><ref>[http://rajpatra.dop.gov.np/welcome/book?ref=19715 राजदरबारको विज्ञप्ति]</ref>) == शाह वंशका श्री ५ राजाहरूको सूची == शाह वंशका निम्न राजाहरूले 'श्री ५' को उपाधि धारण गरेका थिए: * [[पृथ्वीनारायण शाह]] (नेपालको एकीकरणकर्ता) * [[प्रतापसिंह शाह]] * [[रणबहादुर शाह]] * [[गीर्वाणयुद्ध विक्रम शाह]] * [[राजेन्द्र विक्रम शाह]] * [[सुरेन्द्र विक्रम शाह]] * [[पृथ्वी वीर विक्रम शाह]] * [[त्रिभुवन वीर विक्रम शाह]] * [[महेन्द्र वीर विक्रम शाह]] * [[वीरेन्द्र वीर विक्रम शाह]] * [[ज्ञानेन्द्र वीर विक्रम शाह]] (अन्तिम श्री ५ राजा) == ऐतिहासिक महत्त्व == [[मुलुकी ऐन]]को परिशिष्टमा राजा [[राम शाह]]लाई '''श्री ९ महाराजधिराज''' भनेर सम्बोधन गरिएको छ।<ref>{{Cite web |title=मुलुकी ऐन, १९१० परिशिष्ट (क) |url=https://repository.lawcommission.gov.np/np/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/मुलुकी-ऐन-१९१०.pdf |website=नेपाल कानुन आयोग}}</ref><ref name="सुवेदी2">{{cite book|last=|first=|author-link=|year=2022 Jestha|title=श्री ५ सुरेन्द्रविक्रम शाहदेवका शासनकालमा बनेको मुलुकी ऐन|publisher=श्री ५ को सरकार, कानून तथा न्याय मन्त्रालय|url=https://archive.org/details/muluki-ain-1910_202201/page/n713/mode/2up|isbn=|pages=695}}</ref> नेपालको एकीकरणपछि [[पृथ्वीनारायण शाह]]को पालादेखि यो उपाधि प्रयोगमा आएको मानिन्छ।<ref name="RatnaPustak">{{Cite book |last=आचार्य |first=बाबुराम |title=श्री ५ बडामहाराजाधिराज पृथ्वीनारायण शाहको जीवनी |publisher=रत्न पुस्तक भण्डार |year=२०३४ (विसं) |location=काठमाडौँ}}</ref> विशेषगरी हिन्दु परम्परामा राजालाई भगवान [[विष्णु]]को [[अवतार]] मानिने हुनाले पाँचपटक 'श्री' को प्रयोग गरेर राजाको ईश्वरीय र उच्च मर्यादालाई दर्शाउने गरिन्थ्यो। नेपाल सरकार र चीन सरकारबीच चिठी र खलितापत्रमामा चीन सम्राटलाई पनि "''स्वस्तिश्री ५ चिन बादशाह''" भनी सम्बोधन गरिन्थ्यो।<ref>{{cite book|title=श्री ५ रणबहादुर शाह (व्यक्तित्व र शासन )|author=[[चित्तरन्जन नेपाली]]|page=108-115|date=2020 BS|publisher=मेरी राजभण्डारी|isbn=|url=}}</ref> चिनियाँ अम्बाले नेपाललाई लेखेको पत्रमा चिनका राजालाई श्री ५ र नेपालका राजालाई श्री ३ लेखेका छन्।<ref>{{cite book|title=जनरल भीमसेन थापा र तत्कालीन नेपाल|author=[[चित्तरञ्जन नेपाली]]|page=२३३|date=2020 BS|publisher=मेरी राजभण्डारी|isbn=|url=}}</ref> <!--End Quote--> {| align="center" style="border-collapse:collapse;border-style:none;background-color:transparent;max-width:40em;width:60%;" | valign="top" style="color:{{{color|silver}}};font-size:{{{size|3.6em}}};font-family:serif;font-weight:bold;text-align:left;padding:10px 0;" |“ | valign="top" style="padding:0 1em;" |<center>'''स्वस्तिश्री ५ चिन वादसाहका हुकुमले भोट लाहासाको कामकाज गर्न्या श्री टुचाङ् ताठिन् सि अम्बा तथा श्री टुचान् ताठिन् वो अम्बाले पठायाको पत्रम् स्वस्तिश्री ३ ऋर्तिनिवाङ गिर्वान युद्ध विक्रम साहदेवेषु....''' '''...इति च्याछिन् वर्ष २० वैसाष वदि १२ मुकाम लाहासा शुभम्''' </center> | valign="bottom" style="color:{{{color|silver}}};font-size:{{{size|3.6em}}};font-family:serif;font-weight:bold;text-align:right;padding:10px 0;" |„ |}<!--End Quote--> भीमसेन थापाको उदयपछि उनले थापा खलकलाई श्री ३ दिलाएका थिए। कागजपत्रमा भीमसेन थापालाई "श्री श्री श्री बडा जर्नेल भीमसेन थापा" र भाइ रणध्वज थापालाई "श्री ३ काजी" भनी सम्बोधन गरिएको भेटिन्छ।<ref>{{cite book|title=जनरल भीमसेन थापा र तत्कालीन नेपाल|author=[[चित्तरञ्जन नेपाली]]|page=२२९|date=2020 BS|publisher=रत्न पुस्तक भण्डार|location=काठमाडौँ|isbn=|url=}}</ref> १८९२ मा राजा राजेन्द्रले भीमसेन थापालाई कमान्डर इन चिफ पदवी दिदाँ राजपरिवारका सदस्यहरूलाई "श्री ६" बाट सम्बोधन गरिएको छ। १०४ वर्षीय [[राणा शासन]]को समयमा प्रधानमन्त्रीहरूले आफ्ना लागि '''श्री ३''' को पदवी प्रयोग गर्दथे, जसले राजा (श्री ५) र कार्यकारी प्रमुख (श्री ३) बीचको पदीय मर्यादा र शक्ति सन्तुलनलाई स्पष्ट पार्दथ्यो। राजा त्रिभुवनको समयसम्मको सिक्कामा राजाको नामको अगाडि श्री श्री श्री लगाइएको छ। राजा महेन्द्रदेखिको सिक्कामा मात्र श्री ५ महेन्द्र लेखिएको देखिन्छ। २०६५ सालमा राजतन्त्रको अन्त्य भई [[नेपाल]] गणतन्त्र घोषित भएपछि, यो उपाधिको आधिकारिक राजकीय प्रयोग समाप्त भएको थियो। यद्यपि यसको औपचारिक प्रयोग बन्द भए तापनि, कतिपय अनौपचारिक वा परम्परागत समारोहहरूमा यो शब्द अझै पनि कहिलेकाहीँ प्रयोग हुने गरेको पाइन्छ।<ref>{{Cite web |last=Malla |first=Kamal P. |date=2003-06-01 |title=The king’s song |url=https://www.himalmag.com/comment/the-kings-song |access-date=2025-07-27 |website=Himal Southasian |language=en}}</ref> == सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू == {{सन्दर्भसूची}} qukz1nvj3sjhtkpwtsdtjhpb30owvdl 0 150101 1354860 1354752 2026-05-11T10:27:11Z InternetArchiveBot 53012 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1354860 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = शुभेन्दु अधिकारी | image = Suvendu Adhikari at Esplanade Metro Rail Station, Kolkata, 6 March 2024.jpg | image_size = 250px | caption = सन् २०२४ मा अधिकारी | office = पश्चिम बंगालका ९औँ [[पश्चिम बंगालका मुख्यमन्त्री|मुख्यमन्त्री]] | governor = [[आर. एन. रवि]] | deputy = {{ubl|[[अग्निमित्रा पाल]] | [[दिलीप घोष]]}} | term_start = ९ मे २०२६ | term_end = | preceding = | preceded = [[ममता बनर्जी]] | succeeding = | successor = | office1 = [[पश्चिम बंगाल विधानसभाका सदस्य]] | term_start1 = २० मे २०१६ | constituency1 = [[नन्दीग्राम विधानसभा निर्वाचन क्षेत्र|नन्दीग्राम]] | predecessor1 = [[फिरोजा बीबी]] | term_start3 = ११ मे २००६ | term_end3 = १६ मे २००९ | constituency3 = [[काँथी दक्षिण विधानसभा निर्वाचन क्षेत्र|काँथी दक्षिण]] | predecessor3 = [[शिशिर अधिकारी]] | successor3 = [[दिब्येन्दु अधिकारी]] | constituency2 = [[भवानीपुर विधानसभा निर्वाचन क्षेत्र|भवानीपुर]] | term_start2 = ४ मे २०२६ | predecessor2 = [[ममता बनर्जी]] | office4 = [[पश्चिम बंगाल विधानसभामा विपक्षका नेता]] | governor4 = [[जगदीप धनखड]]<br/>[[ला. गणेशन]] ''(अतिरिक्त जिम्मेवारी)''<br/>[[सी. वी. आनन्द बोस]]<br/>[[आर. एन. रवि]] | deputy4 = [[मिहिर गोस्वामी]] | predecessor4 = [[अब्दुल मन्नान]] | term_start4 = १३ मे २०२१ | term_end4 = ९ मे २०२६ | office5 = [[जुट कर्पोरेशन अफ इन्डिया]]का अध्यक्ष | 1blankname5 = [[कपडा मन्त्रालय|केन्द्रीय कपडा मन्त्री]] | 1namedata5 = [[स्मृति इरानी]] | predecessor5 = अजय कुमार जोली | term_start5 = ३१ डिसेम्बर २०२०<ref>{{Cite news|last=Podder|first=Debasish|date=31 December 2020|title=জুট কর্পোরেশন অফ ইন্ডিয়ার চেয়ারম্যান হচ্ছেন শুভেন্দু অধিকারী, নতুন বছরেই নিয়োগ|url=https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/bengal/kolkata/suvendu-adhikari-will-appointed-as-the-chairman-of-jute-corporation-of-india-in-the-new-year-31609419893893.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201231131434/https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/bengal/kolkata/suvendu-adhikari-will-appointed-as-the-chairman-of-jute-corporation-of-india-in-the-new-year-31609419893893.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=31 December 2020|access-date=31 December 2020|work=Hindustan Times|language=bn}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201231131434/https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/bengal/kolkata/suvendu-adhikari-will-appointed-as-the-chairman-of-jute-corporation-of-india-in-the-new-year-31609419893893.html |date=31 December 2020 }}</ref> | term_end5 = २ मार्च २०२१<ref>{{cite news |title=BJP leader Suvendu Adhikari likely to step down as Chairperson of Jute Corporation of India |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/bjp-leader-suvendu-adhikari-likely-to-step-down-as-chairperson-of-jute-corporation-of-india20210302170152/ |work=ANI News |date=2 March 2021 |access-date=29 May 2022}}</ref> | office6 = [[पश्चिम बंगाल सरकार]]का [[दोस्रो बनर्जी मन्त्रालय|वातावरण मन्त्री]] | term_start6 = २०१८ | term_end6 = २०२० | 1blankname6 = मुख्यमन्त्री | 1namedata6 = [[ममता बनर्जी]] | predecessor6 = [[सोवन चट्टोपाध्याय]] | successor6 = [[ममता बनर्जी]]<ref name="r"/> | office7 = [[पश्चिम बंगाल सरकार]]का [[यातायात विभाग (पश्चिम बंगाल)|यातायात मन्त्री]] | term_start7 = २७ मे २०१६ | term_end7 = २७ नोभेम्बर २०२० | 1blankname7 = मुख्यमन्त्री | 1namedata7 = [[ममता बनर्जी]] | predecessor7 = [[अरूप विश्वास]] | successor7 = [[फिरहाद हाकिम]]<ref name="r">{{cite news|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/mamata-banerjee-to-keep-transport-portfolio-following-suvendu-adhikaris-resignation-2331328|title=CM Banerjee to retain transport portfolio following Suvendu Adhikari's resignation|newspaper=[[NDTV]]|date=28 November 2020}}</ref> | office8 = [[लोकसभा]]का सांसद | term_start8 = १६ मे २००९ | term_end8 = २० मे २०१६ | constituency8 = [[तमलुक लोकसभा निर्वाचन क्षेत्र|तमलुक, पश्चिम बंगाल]] | predecessor8 = [[लक्ष्मण चन्द्र सेठ]] | successor8 = [[दिब्येन्दु अधिकारी]] | birth_place = कारकुली, [[पूर्व मेदिनीपुर]], [[पश्चिम बंगाल]], भारत | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1970|12|15|df=y}} | spouse = | party = [[भारतीय जनता पार्टी]] {{small|(२०२० देखि)}} | alma_mater = [[रवीन्द्र भारती विश्वविद्यालय]]<ref>{{cite news |title= Suvendu Adhikar's Affidavit 2026 |url=https://suvidha.eci.gov.in/ac/public/uploads2/acaffidavit/E32/2026/AC/S25/210/S25_10940_3519_202604060137411775462861.pdf }}</ref> ([[Master of Arts|एम.ए.]]) | profession = [[राजनीतिज्ञ]] | father = [[शिशिर अधिकारी]] | mother = [[गायत्री अधिकारी]] | relatives = [[दिब्येन्दु अधिकारी]] (भाइ) <br/> [[सौमेन्दु अधिकारी]] (भाइ) | website = | footnotes = | other_party = * [[भारतीय राष्ट्रिय कांग्रेस]] {{small|(१९९५–२०००)}} * [[तृणमूल कांग्रेस]] {{small|(२०००–२०२०)}} }} '''शुभेन्दु अधिकारी''' ({{IPA|bn|ʃubʱendu ɔdʱikari}}; जन्म १५ डिसेम्बर १९७०) एक भारतीय राजनीतिज्ञ हुन्, जसले ९ मे २०२६ देखि पश्चिम बंगालका ९औँ [[पश्चिम बंगालका मुख्यमन्त्री|मुख्यमन्त्री]]का रूपमा कार्यभार सम्हाल्नेछन्। उनले ९ मे २०२६ सम्म [[विपक्षी नेता|विपक्ष नेता]] तथा [[भारतीय जनता पार्टी – पश्चिम बंगाल|पश्चिम बंगाल इकाइ]]का [[भारतीय जनता पार्टी]]का नेताका रूपमा पनि कार्य गरेका थिए। अधिकारीले यसअघि सन् २०१६ देखि २०२० सम्म [[पश्चिम बंगाल सरकार]]को राज्य मन्त्रिपरिषद्मा काम गरेका थिए। उनी सन् २०१६ र २०२१ मा [[नन्दीग्राम विधानसभा निर्वाचन क्षेत्र|नन्दीग्राम]]बाट [[विधानसभाका सदस्य]] (एमएलए) निर्वाचित भएका थिए तथा हाल २०२६ देखि [[भवानीपुर विधानसभा निर्वाचन क्षेत्र|भवानीपुर]]बाट निर्वाचित छन्। यसअघि उनी सन् २००५ मा [[काँथी दक्षिण]]बाट तथा सन् २००९ र २०१४ मा [[तमलुक लोकसभा निर्वाचन क्षेत्र|तमलुक]]बाट [[लोकसभा]] सदस्य (सांसद) निर्वाचित भएका थिए।<ref name=HT_1/> उनी यसअघि सन् २०१६ देखि २०२० सम्म [[पश्चिम बंगाल सरकार]]मा यातायात मन्त्री तथा सन् २०१८ देखि २०२० सम्म सिंचाइ तथा जलस्रोत मन्त्रीका रूपमा कार्यरत थिए। उनी सन् २००९ देखि २०१६ सम्म [[तमलुक लोकसभा निर्वाचन क्षेत्र|तमलुक]]बाट [[लोकसभा]] सदस्य तथा सन् २०२० देखि २०२१ सम्म [[जुट कर्पोरेशन अफ इन्डिया]]का अध्यक्ष पनि थिए। उनी सन् १९९८ देखि २०२० सम्म [[तृणमूल कांग्रेस]] तथा सन् १९९५ देखि १९९८ सम्म [[भारतीय राष्ट्रिय कांग्रेस]]का सदस्य थिए। उनी [[शिशिर अधिकारी]]का छोरा हुन्, जो सांसद तथा [[मनमोहन सिंह सरकार]]मा ग्रामीण विकास राज्यमन्त्री रहिसकेका राजनीतिज्ञ हुन्।<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bhattacharya |first1=Ravik |title=Had no work, say former TMC ministers in UPA govt |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/kolkata/had-no-work-say-former-tmc-ministers-in-upa-govt/story-u42OCyo4PuSXfNtPwjP3hO.html |access-date=29 May 2022 |work=Hindustan Times |date=23 September 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://westbengalelectionresult.com/suvendu-adhikari-profilecontact-blogs-news-address/469 | title = Suvendu Adhikari -Profile | access-date = 20 June 2009 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101029035522/http://westbengalelectionresult.com/suvendu-adhikari-profilecontact-blogs-news-address/469 | archive-date = 29 October 2010 | df = dmy-all }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101029035522/http://westbengalelectionresult.com/suvendu-adhikari-profilecontact-blogs-news-address/469 |date=29 October 2010 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Election Commission of India|url=https://results.eci.gov.in/Result2021/ConstituencywiseS25210.htm?ac=210|access-date=2 May 2021|website=results.eci.gov.in|archive-date=3 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210503202328/https://results.eci.gov.in/ConstituencywiseS25210.htm?ac=210|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Nandigram Election Result 2021 LIVE: Nandigram MLA Election Result & Vote Share - Oneindia |url=https://www.oneindia.com/nandigram-assembly-elections-wb-210/ |access-date=29 May 2022 |work=OneIndia}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Nandigram Assembly Election Results 2021 LIVE - Nandigram Vidhan Sabha Election Results|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/elections/nandigram-west-bengal-election-result-2021|work=Times Now|access-date=29 May 2022}}</ref> == प्रारम्भिक जीवन तथा शिक्षा == अधिकारीको जन्म १५ डिसेम्बर १९७० मा [[बंगाली ब्राह्मण]] परिवारमा<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bhattacharya |first=Snigdhendu |date=13 March 2021 |title=At Nandigram, Site of Historic Land Movement, a Battle to See Who the 'Real' Brahmin Is |url=https://thewire.in/politics/at-nandigram-site-of-historic-land-movement-a-battle-to-see-who-the-real-brahmin-is |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210313030537/https://thewire.in/politics/at-nandigram-site-of-historic-land-movement-a-battle-to-see-who-the-real-brahmin-is |archive-date=13 March 2021 |work=The Wire |access-date=8 May 2026 |quote=I am a Brahmin’s son. I do the chandipath every day.}}</ref> [[पश्चिम बंगाल]]को [[पूर्व मेदिनीपुर जिल्ला]]स्थित कारकुलीमा [[शिशिर अधिकारी]] र गायत्री अधिकारीका सन्तानका रूपमा भएको थियो। शिशिर अधिकारी एक राजनीतिज्ञ तथा [[दोस्रो मनमोहन सिंह मन्त्रालय]]मा पूर्व [[राज्यमन्त्री]] हुन् र उनी सन् २०१९ मा [[काँथी लोकसभा निर्वाचन क्षेत्र|काँथी निर्वाचन क्षेत्र]]बाट [[लोकसभा]]मा निर्वाचित भएका थिए।<ref name="LS">{{cite web |title=Adhikari, Shri Suvendu |url=https://sansad.in/ls/members/biographyM/4501 |publisher=Lok Sabha |access-date=23 May 2025}}</ref><ref name="AN">{{cite news |last1=Bhattacharya |first1=Kajari |date=31 March 2018 |title=Nandigram: Trinamool's stronghold, one family's stranglehold |url=https://newsable.asianetnews.com/india/west-bengal-polls-nandigram-subhendu-adhikari |work=Asianet Newsable |access-date=11 May 2025}}</ref> अधिकारी अविवाहित छन्।<ref>{{cite news |title=ভাইরা বিয়ে করলেও অকৃতদার তিনি, জানুন কেমন শুভেন্দুর সংসার |url=https://bangla.aajtak.in/elections/west-bengal-assembly-elections/story/former-wb-minister-suvendu-adhikary-explained-why-he-unmarried-255166-2020-12-16 |access-date=28 May 2023 |work=Aaj Tak বাংলা |date=16 December 2020 |language=bn}}</ref> अधिकारीले सन् २०११ मा [[रवीन्द्र भारती विश्वविद्यालय]]बाट [[Master of Arts|स्नातकोत्तर (एम.ए.)]] उपाधि प्राप्त गरेका थिए।<ref>{{cite news |title= Suvendu Adhikar's Affidavit 2026 |url=https://suvidha.eci.gov.in/ac/public/uploads2/acaffidavit/E32/2026/AC/S25/210/S25_10940_3519_202604060137411775462861.pdf |work=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=25 April 2026}}</ref> == राजनीतिक जीवन == === प्रारम्भिक राजनीति === अधिकारी पहिलो पटक सन् १९९५ मा [[भारतीय राष्ट्रिय कांग्रेस]]बाट [[काँथी]] नगरपालिकाका पार्षदका रूपमा निर्वाचित भएका थिए।<ref>{{Cite news|title=The importance of being Suvendu Adhikari: Why the TMC strongman is miffed with the party leadership|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/india/article/the-importance-of-being-suvendu-adhikari-why-the-tmc-strongman-is-miffed-with-the-party-leadership/684054|access-date=17 December 2020|work=Times Now|date=19 November 2020}}</ref> सन् २००६ मा अधिकारी [[काँथी दक्षिण]] निर्वाचन क्षेत्रबाट [[पश्चिम बंगाल विधानसभा]]मा निर्वाचित भएका थिए। सोही वर्ष उनी काँथी नगरपालिकाका अध्यक्ष पनि बनेका थिए।<ref name="LS"/> === नन्दीग्राम आन्दोलन तथा तृणमूल कांग्रेसभित्र उदय === सन् २००७ मा अधिकारीले [[नन्दीग्राम]]मा भूमि अधिग्रहणविरुद्धको आन्दोलनको नेतृत्व गरेका थिए। उनले [[भूमि उच्छेद प्रतिरोध समिति]]को नेतृत्व गरेका थिए। पश्चिम बंगालको सत्तारुढ [[वाम मोर्चा (पश्चिम बंगाल)|वाम मोर्चा]] सरकारले विशेष आर्थिक क्षेत्र स्थापना गर्न गाउँमा १०,००० एकड जमिन अधिग्रहण गर्ने योजना बनाएको थियो।<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sarkar |first1=Arindam |title=Mamata promises to marry off raped girls of Nandigram |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/kolkata/mamata-promises-to-marry-off-raped-girls-of-nandigram/story-umlmKryBUWdkP6re98mV2L.html |newspaper=[[Hindustan Times]] |access-date=27 April 2019 |date=26 April 2007}}</ref><ref name="ET">{{cite news |title=Trinamool Congress confident of victory in Nandigram |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/trinamool-congress-confident-of-victory-in-nandigram/articleshow/52103488.cms?from=mdr |newspaper=[[The Economic Times]] |access-date=27 April 2019 |date=4 May 2016}}</ref><ref name="HT">{{cite news |title=From Nandigram to Murshidabad - Suvendu Adhikari is Mamata Banerjee's all weather man |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/from-nandigram-to-murshidabad-suvendu-adhikari-is-mamata-banerjee-s-all-weather-man/story-kNqePhKEQzC9SE9BpPs34M.html |newspaper=[[Hindustan Times]] |access-date=27 April 2019 |date=26 August 2019}}</ref> यस आन्दोलनले [[ममता बनर्जी]]लाई बंगाली राजनीतिमा केन्द्रिय व्यक्तित्वका रूपमा स्थापित गरायो।<ref name="HT"/> राज्यको [[अपराध अनुसन्धान विभाग (भारत)|सीआईडी]]ले अधिकारीमाथि राज्य सरकारविरुद्ध सशस्त्र आन्दोलन सञ्चालन गर्न माओवादीहरूलाई हतियार उपलब्ध गराएको आरोप लगाएको थियो।<ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Roy |first1=Anirban |title=CID to question Trinamool's Adhikari on Maoist links |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/latest-headlines/story/cid-to-question-trinamools-adhikari-on-maoist-links-78841-2010-07-17 |magazine=[[India Today]] |access-date=27 April 2019 |date=17 July 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |title=Trinamool MP accused of supplying ammo to Naxalites |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/east/story/trinamool-mp-accused-of-supplying-ammo-to-naxalites-78780-2010-07-16 |magazine=[[India Today]] |access-date=27 April 2019 |date=16 July 2010}}</ref> नन्दीग्राममा अधिकारीको सफलतापछि बनर्जीले उनलाई [[जंगलमहल]] अर्थात् [[पश्चिम मेदिनीपुर जिल्ला|पश्चिम मेदिनीपुर]], [[पुरुलिया जिल्ला|पुरुलिया]] तथा [[बाँकुरा जिल्ला|बाँकुरा]] जिल्लाको पार्टी पर्यवेक्षक (प्रभारी) नियुक्त गरेकी थिइन्। उनले यी जिल्लाहरूमा पार्टीको आधार विस्तार गर्न सफलता प्राप्त गरेका थिए।<ref name="HT"/> सन् २००९ मा उनी [[तमलुक लोकसभा निर्वाचन क्षेत्र|तमलुक निर्वाचन क्षेत्र]]बाट [[लोकसभा]]मा निर्वाचित भएका थिए।<ref>{{cite news |title=In Contai, it's family first for Trinamool's Sisir Adhikary |url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/in-contai-it-s-family-first-for-trinamool-s-sisir-adhikary/537544/ |newspaper=[[Indian Express]] |access-date=27 April 2019 |date=5 November 2009}}</ref> उनले आफ्ना निकटतम प्रतिद्वन्द्वी [[भारतीय कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (मार्क्सवादी)]]का [[लक्ष्मण सेठ]]लाई करिब १ लाख ७३ हजार मतान्तरले पराजित गरेका थिए।<ref name="SA">{{cite web |date=17 May 2009 |title=Nandigram swings two seats in East Midnapore in Trinamool's favour |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/nandigram-swings-two-seats-in-east-midnapore/461025/ |access-date=30 July 2009 |publisher=Indian Express 17 May 2009}}</ref> [[२०१६ पश्चिम बंगाल विधानसभा निर्वाचन]]मा अधिकारीलाई नन्दीग्राम निर्वाचन क्षेत्रमा वाम मोर्चा–[[भारतीय राष्ट्रिय कांग्रेस]] गठबन्धनका अब्दुल कादिर शेखविरुद्ध उम्मेदवार बनाइएको थियो।<ref name="ET"/> निर्वाचित भएपछि उनले तमलुक निर्वाचन क्षेत्रबाट सांसद पदबाट राजीनामा दिएका थिए।<ref>{{cite magazine |title=Dibyendu Adhikari to contest from Tamluk parliament constituency |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/dibyendu-adhikari-tamluk-parliament-constituency-tmc-mamata-banerjee-347066-2016-10-17 |magazine=[[India Today]] |access-date=30 April 2019 |date=17 October 2016}}</ref> उनलाई २७ मे २०१६ मा [[दोस्रो ममता बनर्जी मन्त्रालय]]मा यातायात मन्त्रीका रूपमा शपथ गराइएको थियो।<ref>{{cite news |title=List of Ministers in Mamata's cabinet |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/kolkata/list-of-ministers-in-mamatas-cabinet/article8654872.ece |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=30 April 2019 |date=27 May 2016}}</ref> === भारतीय जनता पार्टीमा प्रवेश तथा २०२१ निर्वाचन === अधिकारीले २६ नोभेम्बर २०२० मा [[हुग्ली रिभर ब्रिज कमिसन]] (एचआरबीसी) को अध्यक्ष पदबाट राजीनामा दिएका थिए, जुन [[पश्चिम बंगाल सरकार]]अन्तर्गतको एक वैधानिक निकाय हो।<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/tmc-mla-suvendu-adhikari-resigns-transport-irrigation-minister-1744603-2020-11-27 |title=TMC's Suvendu Adhikari steps down as Bengal minister a day after resigning as Hooghly commission chairman |publisher=India Today |date=27 November 2020 |access-date=27 November 2020}}</ref> उनले २७ नोभेम्बर २०२० मा पश्चिम बंगालका यातायात मन्त्री पदबाट पनि राजीनामा दिएका थिए।<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/india/article/west-bengal-tmc-rebel-leader-suvendu-adhikari-resigns-as-transport-minister-in-mamata-govt/687503 |title=West Bengal: TMC rebel leader Suvendu Adhikari resigns as Transport Minister from Mamata govt |publisher=Times Now |date=27 November 2020 |access-date=27 November 2020}}</ref> उनले १६ डिसेम्बर २०२० मा पश्चिम बंगाल विधानसभा अध्यक्षसमक्ष विधायक पदबाट राजीनामा पेश गरेका थिए, तर प्राविधिक कारण देखाउँदै प्रारम्भमा उक्त राजीनामा स्वीकृत गरिएको थिएन। पछि २१ डिसेम्बर २०२० मा उनको राजीनामा स्वीकृत गरिएको थियो।<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sanyal |first=Anindita |date=16 December 2020 |title=Trinamool's Suvendu Adhikari Quits As MLA Amid Reports He Will Join BJP |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/trinamool-dissident-suvendu-adhikari-resigns-as-mla-amid-reports-he-will-switch-to-bjp-2339450 |work=NDTV |access-date=5 May 2021}}</ref> १७ डिसेम्बर २०२० मा उनले अखिल भारतीय तृणमूल कांग्रेसको प्राथमिक सदस्यताबाट राजीनामा दिएका थिए।<ref>{{cite news |title=Didi aide Suvendu Adhikari exits TMC, sparks a spate of resignations |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/didi-aide-suvendu-adhikari-exits-tmc-sparks-a-spate-of-resignations/articleshow/79787773.cms |access-date=29 May 2022 |work=The Times of India |date=18 December 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Phadikar |first=Anshuman |date=6 July 2021 |title= Suvendu Adhikari meets victims of post-poll violence in East Midnapore |url= https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/suvendu-adhikari-meets-victims-of-post-poll-violence-in-east-midnapore/cid/1821357 |work=The Telegraph |access-date=6 July 2021}}</ref> १९ डिसेम्बर २०२० मा उनले गृहमन्त्री [[अमित शाह]]को उपस्थितिमा [[भारतीय जनता पार्टी]]मा प्रवेश गरेका थिए।<ref>{{cite news |title=অমিত শাহের হাত ধরে বিজেপিতে যোগদান করলেন শুভেন্দু অধিকারী সহ ৯ জন বিধায়ক |url=https://banglahunt.com/subhendu-join-bjp-with-9-mla/ |access-date=29 May 2022 |work=Bangla Hunt |date=19 December 2020 |language=bn }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="India Today">{{cite magazine |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/suvendu-adhikari-joins-bjp-in-presence-of-amit-shah-1751135-2020-12-19 |title=Suvendu Adhikari ends all speculation, joins BJP, delivers jolt to Mamata and TMC |access-date=29 May 2022 |magazine=India Today |date=19 December 2022}}</ref> अधिकारीको दल परिवर्तनको मुख्य कारण ममता बनर्जीका भतिजा [[अभिषेक बनर्जी (राजनीतिज्ञ)|अभिषेक बनर्जी]]सँगको प्रतिद्वन्द्विता रहेको बताइएको थियो, जसलाई बनर्जीको राजनीतिक उत्तराधिकारीका रूपमा अघि बढाइँदै थियो।<ref>{{Cite news |title=কেউ দল ছেড়েছেন, দলে গুরুত্ব হারিয়েছেন কেউ কেউ! মমতার দাপুটে ‘মিডল অর্ডার’ ভেঙে পড়ল কি অভিষেকের উত্থানে? |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/elections/west-bengal-assembly-election/how-mamata-banerjees-core-team-weakened-after-abhishek-banerjees-rise-in-tmc-dgtl/cid/1684845 |work=[[Anandabazar Patrika]]}}</ref> उनले [[२०२१ पश्चिम बंगाल विधानसभा निर्वाचन]]मा [[नन्दीग्राम विधानसभा निर्वाचन क्षेत्र|नन्दीग्राम विधानसभा क्षेत्र]]बाट तत्कालीन पश्चिम बंगालकी मुख्यमन्त्री [[ममता बनर्जी]]लाई १,९५६ मतले पराजित गरेका थिए। ममता बनर्जीले नन्दीग्राम निर्वाचनको नतिजाविरुद्ध [[कलकत्ता उच्च न्यायालय]]मा निर्वाचन याचिका दायर गरेकी थिइन्।<ref name=HT_1>{{cite news |last1=Manral |first1=Karan |title= |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/mamata-banerjee-challenges-suvendu-adhikari-s-nandigram-win-in-calcutta-hc-101623948924307.html |access-date=29 May 2022 |work=Hindustan Times |date=17 June 2021 |language=en}}</ref> १० मे २०२१ मा केन्द्रीय मन्त्री [[रवि शंकर प्रसाद]]ले पश्चिम बंगाल विधानसभामा भारतीय जनता पार्टीको विधायक दलको नेताका रूपमा शुभेन्दु अधिकारीको नाम घोषणा गरेका थिए।<ref>{{cite news |agency=PTI |title=Suvendu Adhikari Elected Opposition Leader In West Bengal Assembly |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/suvendu-adhikari-elected-opposition-leader-in-west-bengal-assembly-2438995 |access-date=29 May 2022 |work=NDTV |date=10 May 2021}}</ref> === २०२६ निर्वाचन === [[२०२६ पश्चिम बंगाल विधानसभा निर्वाचन]]मा शुभेन्दु अधिकारीले एकैसाथ नन्दीग्राम तथा [[भवानीपुर विधानसभा निर्वाचन क्षेत्र|भवानीपुर]]—जुन तत्कालीन मुख्यमन्त्री [[ममता बनर्जी]]को निर्वाचन क्षेत्र थियो—बाट उम्मेदवारी दिएका थिए र दुवै क्षेत्रमा उल्लेखनीय मतान्तरले विजयी भएका थिए। कुनै कार्यरत मुख्यमन्त्रीलाई दुई निर्वाचन क्षेत्रबाट चुनाव लड्ने उम्मेदवारले उनको आफ्नै क्षेत्रमा पराजित गरेको अन्तिम घटना [[१९६७ पश्चिम बंगाल विधानसभा निर्वाचन]]मा भएको थियो, जब [[बंगला कांग्रेस]]का [[अजोय मुखर्जी]]ले कांग्रेसका तत्कालीन मुख्यमन्त्री [[प्रफुल्ल चन्द्र सेन]]लाई उनको [[आरामबाग विधानसभा निर्वाचन क्षेत्र|आरामबाग]] क्षेत्रमा पराजित गर्दै आफ्नो [[तमलुक विधानसभा निर्वाचन क्षेत्र|तमलुक]] क्षेत्र पनि कायम राखेका थिए।<ref>{{Cite web |title=রাজনৈতিক সন্ন্যাস হয়ে গেল মমতার’! ভবানীপুরে জিতে শুভেন্দু অধিকারী বললেন, ‘এই জয় হিন্দুত্বের |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/elections/west-bengal-assembly-election/bjp-leader-suvendu-adhikari-slams-tmc-leader-mamata-banerjee-after-defeated-her-in-bhabanipur-assembly-constituency-dgtl/cid/1684877 |website=Anandabazar Patrika}}</ref> २०२६ को निर्वाचनमा विजय हासिल गरेपछि शुभेन्दु अधिकारीले आफूलाई मुख्यतः [[हिन्दू]], [[बौद्ध]], [[जैन धर्मावलम्बी|जैन]] तथा [[सिख]] मतदाताहरूबाट समर्थन प्राप्त भएको, तर [[मुस्लिम]] मतदाताहरूको समर्थन विपक्षतर्फ गएको बताएका थिए। उनले यसबाट धार्मिक आधारमा मतदान भएको संकेत गरेको टिप्पणी गरेका थिए।<ref>{{Cite web |last=Banerjee |first=Tirtho |date=5 May 2026 |title=‘Muslim voters openly…’: What Suvendu Adhikari said after defeating Mamata |url=https://www.news9live.com/elections/assembly/muslim-voters-openly-what-suvendu-adhikari-said-after-defeating-mamata-2968328 |access-date=8 May 2026 |website=News9live |language=en-US}}</ref> ६ मे २०२६ को राति मोटरसाइकलमा आएका आक्रमणकारीहरूले शुभेन्दु अधिकारीका व्यक्तिगत सहायक [[चन्द्रनाथ रथ]]माथि गोली प्रहार गरी हत्या गरेका थिए।<ref>https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/ce8pjz7dv7ro</ref> ८ मे २०२६ मा केन्द्रीय पर्यवेक्षक [[अमित शाह]]को उपस्थितिमा उनलाई पश्चिम बंगालमा भारतीय जनता पार्टीको विधायक दलको नेताका रूपमा चयन गरिएको थियो। उनले ९ मे २०२६ मा पश्चिम बंगालका ९औँ [[पश्चिम बंगालका मुख्यमन्त्री|मुख्यमन्त्री]]का रूपमा शपथ लिने कार्यक्रम तय गरिएको थियो, जससँगै उनी उक्त पद सम्हाल्ने [[भारतीय जनता पार्टी]]का पहिलो मुख्यमन्त्री बन्नेछन्।<ref>{{Cite news |date=8 May 2026 |title=BJP elects legislative party leader in West Bengal |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/bjp-west-bengal-legislative-party-meeting-2026-0000000/ |work=The Indian Express}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=8 May 2026 |title=West Bengal to get first BJP Chief Minister on May 9 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/west-bengal/west-bengal-bjp-chief-minister-swearing-in/article000000.ece |work=The Hindu}}</ref> == पश्चिम बंगालका मुख्यमन्त्री (२०२६–हालसम्म) == उनी ९ मे २०२६ मा [[कोलकाता]]स्थित [[ब्रिगेड परेड मैदान]]मा मुख्यमन्त्री पदको शपथ लिने कार्यक्रम तय गरिएको छ।<ref>{{Cite news |date=8 May 2026 |title=West Bengal government formation LIVE: Suvendu Adhikari elected new CM of Bengal, to take oath on May 9 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/west-bengal-assembly/west-bengal-government-formation-live-updates-new-cm-to-be-elected-suvendu-adhikari-aide-death-sparks-unrest/article70954007.ece |work=The Hindu}}</ref> == सन्दर्भ == == बाह्य कडिहरू == {{Commons category}} {{Portal bar|जीवनी|राजनीति|भारत}} {{DEFAULTSORT:अधिकारी, शुभेन्दु}} 7weess8p1prc9129ex1mipjwwb88doq 0 150104 1354839 1354777 2026-05-10T23:47:55Z InternetArchiveBot 53012 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1354839 wikitext text/x-wiki [[चित्र:Schmiedefeuer_2.jpg|अङ्गुठाकार|धातुको तातो काम लागि आरन]]'''आरन''' भनेको [[धातु]] पोल्न, तताउन प्रयोग गरिने एक प्रकारको चुल्हो/ भट्टि आगो हो। [[लोहार]]ले धातुलाई आरनमा त्यो तापक्रममा तताउछ जसमा कुटेर, पिटेर आकार दिन सजिलो हुन्छ। यो प्रकृयालाई [[फोर्जिङ]] भनिन्छ। धातुलाई आरनमा राख्न निकाल्न [[चिम्टा]] को प्रयोग गरिन्छ। कहिलेकाँही आरनमा तताएर धातुलाई पानी वा तेलमा डुबाइन्छ। यसलाई अर्चाप्ने (Quenching) भनिन्छ। स्टिललाई कडा र कठोर गर्नुपर्छ भने यो काम गरिन्छ । == प्रकार == === कोइला आरन === [[चित्र:Coal-forge-diagram.svg|अङ्गुठाकार|तल ब्लास्ट कोइला आरन]] आरनमा सामान्यतया [[कोइला]], औद्योगिक कोक वा [[ब्रिकेट]] धातु तताउन इन्धनको रूपमा प्रयोग गर्दछ। यी आरनको डिजाइन समयसँगै भिन्न छन्, तर चाहे ईन्धन कोइला, कोक वा चारकोल होस् आधारभूत डिजाइन उस्तै रहेको छ।<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Blacksmith Forge Part 1 the Pit Forge : Anvilfire.com article |url=http://www.anvilfire.com/FAQs/the_forge.php |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161007030701/http://www.anvilfire.com/FAQs/the_forge.php |archive-date=2016-10-07 |access-date=2016-07-31 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161007030701/http://www.anvilfire.com/FAQs/the_forge.php |date=2016-10-07 }}</ref> फोर्जिंगको हजारौं वर्षहरूमा, यी उपकरणहरू एक वा अर्को रूपमा यस प्रकारको आरनको आवश्यक रूपमा विकसित भएका छन्ः <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Light |first=John D. |date=July 1987 |title=Blacksmithing Technology and Forge Construction |journal=Technology and Culture |volume=28 |issue=3 |pages=658–665 |doi=10.2307/3104997 |jstor=3104997 |s2cid=112819098}}</ref> === ग्यास आरन === ग्यास आरनमा सामान्यतया प्रोपेन वा [[प्राकृतिक ग्याँस|प्राकृतिक ग्यास]] इन्धनको रूपमा प्रयोग गर्दछ। == उपकरणहरू == * '''घन (Sledgehammer):''' रातो तातो फलामलाई पिटेर आकार दिन प्रयोग गरिने ठूलो र गह्रौँ हम्मर। * '''हतौडा (Hammer):''' साना कामका लागि वा सानो आकार दिन प्रयोग गरिने औजार। * '''अचानो वा एँडिल (Anvil):''' फलामलाई राखेर कुट्नका लागि प्रयोग गरिने फलामको ठूलो र समतल पिण्ड। यसलाई कतिपय ठाउँमा 'लिही' पनि भनिन्छ। * '''रेती (File):''' फलामको सामान तयार भएपछि त्यसलाई रगडेर चिल्लो पार्न वा धार लगाउन प्रयोग गरिने खस्रो औजार। * '''चिम्टा (Tongs):''' तातो फलामलाई आरनबाट निकाल्न वा समात्न प्रयोग गरिने लामो चिम्टा जस्तो औजार। ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} [[श्रेणी:धातुकार्य]] 8cbjn4rdevrpjfmw06qov6n24ya06w2 0 150109 1354817 2026-05-10T12:04:11Z Bishaldev100 28807 नयाँ पृष्ठ: डा. मनोजकुमार शर्मा सर्वोच्च अदालतका न्यायाधीश हुन्। ==पारिवारिक,प्रारम्भिक जीवन== उनको जन्म १८ जुन १९७० मा पर्सा जिल्लाको वीरगञ्जमा भएको थियो। उनी प्रधानन्यायाधीश दामोदरप्र... 1354817 wikitext text/x-wiki डा. मनोजकुमार शर्मा सर्वोच्च अदालतका न्यायाधीश हुन्। ==पारिवारिक,प्रारम्भिक जीवन== उनको जन्म १८ जुन १९७० मा पर्सा जिल्लाको वीरगञ्जमा भएको थियो। उनी प्रधानन्यायाधीश दामोदरप्रसाद शर्माका भतिजा हुन्। उनले नेपाल ल क्याम्पस, काठमाडौँबाट बी.एल. र भारतको पुणे विश्वविद्यालयबाट एल.एल.एम. गरेका थिए। उनले नेपालको त्रिभुवन विश्वविद्यालयबाट श्रम कानूनमा विद्यावारिधि गरेका थिए। ==कानुनी तथा न्यायिक जीवन== उनी १९९५ मा अधिवक्ताको रूपमा भर्ना भए र कानूनका विभिन्न क्षेत्रमा अभ्यास गरे। उनले धेरै कम्पनी र संस्थाहरूलाई सल्लाह दिए। उनले जुन १०, २०१३ देखि डिसेम्बर १२, २०१५ सम्म बुटवल र पाटनमा पुनरावेदन अदालतको अतिरिक्त न्यायाधीशको रूपमा पनि काम गरे। आफ्नो करियरको क्रममा, उनले नेपाल र विदेशमा राष्ट्रिय तथा अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय सम्मेलनहरूमा भाग लिएका छन्। उनी सर्वोच्च अदालतको न्यायाधीशको रूपमा नियुक्त भएका थिए र अप्रिल १९, २०१९ मा कार्यभार सम्हालेका थिए। ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} [[श्रेणी:न्यायाधीश]] arunoaabc4wl5deo8rvg35tfiopw92r 1354818 1354817 2026-05-10T12:06:01Z Bishaldev100 28807 1354818 wikitext text/x-wiki डा. मनोजकुमार शर्मा सर्वोच्च अदालतका न्यायाधीश हुन्। ==पारिवारिक,प्रारम्भिक जीवन== उनको जन्म १८ जुन १९७० मा पर्सा जिल्लाको वीरगञ्जमा भएको थियो।<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Honourable Dr.Manoj Kumar Sharma |url=https://supremecourt.gov.np/pages/cv_justices/Cv_manojkumarsharma.html |access-date=2026-05-10 |website=supremecourt.gov.np}}</ref> उनी प्रधानन्यायाधीश दामोदरप्रसाद शर्माका भतिजा हुन्। उनले नेपाल ल क्याम्पस, काठमाडौँबाट बी.एल. र भारतको पुणे विश्वविद्यालयबाट एल.एल.एम. गरेका थिए। उनले नेपालको त्रिभुवन विश्वविद्यालयबाट श्रम कानूनमा विद्यावारिधि गरेका थिए। ==कानुनी तथा न्यायिक जीवन== उनी १९९५ मा अधिवक्ताको रूपमा भर्ना भए र कानूनका विभिन्न क्षेत्रमा अभ्यास गरे।<ref name=":0" /> उनले धेरै कम्पनी र संस्थाहरूलाई सल्लाह दिए। उनले जुन १०, २०१३ देखि डिसेम्बर १२, २०१५ सम्म बुटवल र पाटनमा पुनरावेदन अदालतको अतिरिक्त न्यायाधीशको रूपमा पनि काम गरे। आफ्नो करियरको क्रममा, उनले नेपाल र विदेशमा राष्ट्रिय तथा अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय सम्मेलनहरूमा भाग लिएका छन्। उनी सर्वोच्च अदालतको न्यायाधीशको रूपमा नियुक्त भएका थिए र अप्रिल १९, २०१९ मा कार्यभार सम्हालेका थिए। ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} [[श्रेणी:न्यायाधीश]] p8jg0ntlo4rx21csttq73yuwshzzl8x 1354819 1354818 2026-05-10T12:06:57Z Bishaldev100 28807 /* सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू */ 1354819 wikitext text/x-wiki डा. मनोजकुमार शर्मा सर्वोच्च अदालतका न्यायाधीश हुन्। ==पारिवारिक,प्रारम्भिक जीवन== उनको जन्म १८ जुन १९७० मा पर्सा जिल्लाको वीरगञ्जमा भएको थियो।<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Honourable Dr.Manoj Kumar Sharma |url=https://supremecourt.gov.np/pages/cv_justices/Cv_manojkumarsharma.html |access-date=2026-05-10 |website=supremecourt.gov.np}}</ref> उनी प्रधानन्यायाधीश दामोदरप्रसाद शर्माका भतिजा हुन्। उनले नेपाल ल क्याम्पस, काठमाडौँबाट बी.एल. र भारतको पुणे विश्वविद्यालयबाट एल.एल.एम. गरेका थिए। उनले नेपालको त्रिभुवन विश्वविद्यालयबाट श्रम कानूनमा विद्यावारिधि गरेका थिए। ==कानुनी तथा न्यायिक जीवन== उनी १९९५ मा अधिवक्ताको रूपमा भर्ना भए र कानूनका विभिन्न क्षेत्रमा अभ्यास गरे।<ref name=":0" /> उनले धेरै कम्पनी र संस्थाहरूलाई सल्लाह दिए। उनले जुन १०, २०१३ देखि डिसेम्बर १२, २०१५ सम्म बुटवल र पाटनमा पुनरावेदन अदालतको अतिरिक्त न्यायाधीशको रूपमा पनि काम गरे। आफ्नो करियरको क्रममा, उनले नेपाल र विदेशमा राष्ट्रिय तथा अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय सम्मेलनहरूमा भाग लिएका छन्। उनी सर्वोच्च अदालतको न्यायाधीशको रूपमा नियुक्त भएका थिए र अप्रिल १९, २०१९ मा कार्यभार सम्हालेका थिए। ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} [[श्रेणी:न्यायाधीश]] [[श्रेणी:नेपालको सर्वोच्च अदालतका न्यायाधीशहरू]] [[श्रेणी:नेपाली न्यायाधीशहरू]] 6byagvdh7cabk6400l8tgck4nfiq5vb 1354820 1354819 2026-05-10T12:08:44Z Bishaldev100 28807 1354820 wikitext text/x-wiki डा. मनोजकुमार शर्मा [[नेपालको सर्वोच्च अदालत|सर्वोच्च अदालत]]का न्यायाधीश हुन्। ==पारिवारिक,प्रारम्भिक जीवन== उनको जन्म १८ जुन १९७० मा पर्सा जिल्लाको वीरगञ्जमा भएको थियो।<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Honourable Dr.Manoj Kumar Sharma |url=https://supremecourt.gov.np/pages/cv_justices/Cv_manojkumarsharma.html |access-date=2026-05-10 |website=supremecourt.gov.np}}</ref> उनी प्रधानन्यायाधीश [[दामोदरप्रसाद शर्मा]]का भतिजा हुन्। उनले [[नेपाल ल क्याम्पस]], काठमाडौँबाट बी.एल. र भारतको [[पुणे विश्वविद्यालय]]बाट एल.एल.एम. गरेका थिए। उनले नेपालको त्रिभुवन विश्वविद्यालयबाट श्रम कानूनमा विद्यावारिधि गरेका थिए। ==कानुनी तथा न्यायिक जीवन== उनी १९९५ मा अधिवक्ताको रूपमा भर्ना भए र कानूनका विभिन्न क्षेत्रमा अभ्यास गरे।<ref name=":0" /> उनले जुन १०, २०१३ देखि डिसेम्बर १२, २०१५ सम्म बुटवल र पाटनमा पुनरावेदन अदालतको अतिरिक्त न्यायाधीशको रूपमा पनि काम गरे। आफ्नो करियरको क्रममा, उनले नेपाल र विदेशमा राष्ट्रिय तथा अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय सम्मेलनहरूमा भाग लिएका छन्। उनी सर्वोच्च अदालतको न्यायाधीशको रूपमा नियुक्त भएका थिए र अप्रिल १९, २०१९ मा कार्यभार सम्हालेका थिए। ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} [[श्रेणी:न्यायाधीश]] [[श्रेणी:नेपालको सर्वोच्च अदालतका न्यायाधीशहरू]] [[श्रेणी:नेपाली न्यायाधीशहरू]] 6bt7ht8za33jrh3xghyoepqahsr25ba 1354821 1354820 2026-05-10T12:19:04Z Bishaldev100 28807 1354821 wikitext text/x-wiki डा. मनोजकुमार शर्मा [[नेपालको सर्वोच्च अदालत|सर्वोच्च अदालत]]का न्यायाधीश हुन्। ==पारिवारिक,प्रारम्भिक जीवन== उनको जन्म १८ जुन १९७० मा पर्सा जिल्लाको वीरगञ्जमा भएको थियो।<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Honourable Dr.Manoj Kumar Sharma |url=https://supremecourt.gov.np/pages/cv_justices/Cv_manojkumarsharma.html |access-date=2026-05-10 |website=supremecourt.gov.np}}</ref> उनी प्रधानन्यायाधीश [[दामोदरप्रसाद शर्मा]]का भतिजा हुन्। उनले [[नेपाल ल क्याम्पस]], काठमाडौँबाट बी.एल. र भारतको [[पुणे विश्वविद्यालय]]बाट एल.एल.एम. गरेका थिए। उनले नेपालको त्रिभुवन विश्वविद्यालयबाट श्रम कानूनमा विद्यावारिधि गरेका थिए। ==कानुनी तथा न्यायिक जीवन== उनी १९९५ मा अधिवक्ताको रूपमा भर्ना भए र कानूनका विभिन्न क्षेत्रमा अभ्यास गरे।<ref name=":0" /> उनले २०५२ मा अधिवक्ताका रूपमा कानुन व्यवसाय सुरु गरेका थिए । सुरुमा पायोनियर ल फर्ममा काम गरेका शर्मा पछि आफ्नै ल फर्ममा आबद्ध भए । यसअघि केपी शर्मा ओली सरकारको महान्यायाधिवक्ता बनेका रमेश बडाल र अर्का कानुन व्यवसायी श्रीकान्त बरालसँग मिलेर तीनै जनाले आ–आफ्नो नामको पहिलो–पहिलो अक्षर टिपेर ‘श्रीमर’ ल फर्म खोले । त्यसपछि केही समय वाणिज्य कानुनसम्बन्धी परामर्शदाता र अध्यापनमा पनि उनी सक्रिय रहे ।<ref>{{Cite web |title=जो पुनरावेदनबाट बाहिरिएका थिए |url=https://ekantipur.com/news/2026/05/09/those-who-were-excluded-from-the-appeal-20-55.html |access-date=2026-05-10 |website=Ekantipur |language=ne}}</ref> [[दामोदरप्रसाद शर्मा|दामोदारप्रसाद शर्मा]] प्रधानन्यायाधीश र न्याय परिषद्को अध्यक्ष रहेका बेला उनी २०७० मा तत्कालीन पुनरावेदन अदालत बुटवलमा अतिरिक्त न्यायाधीश नियुक्त भएका थिए ।<ref>{{Cite web |title=न्यायाधीश शर्माको यात्रा :अतिरिक्त हुँदै प्रधानन्यायाधीश सिफारिससम्म |url=https://ekantipur.com/news/2026/05/07/manoj-sharma-who-was-removed-from-the-post-of-additional-judge-recommended-for-the-post-of-chief-justice-of-the-supreme-court-14-39.html |access-date=2026-05-10 |website=Ekantipur |language=ne}}</ref> उनले जुन १०, २०१३ देखि डिसेम्बर १२, २०१५ सम्म बुटवल र पाटनमा पुनरावेदन अदालतको अतिरिक्त न्यायाधीशको रूपमा पनि काम गरे। आफ्नो करियरको क्रममा, उनले नेपाल र विदेशमा राष्ट्रिय तथा अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय सम्मेलनहरूमा भाग लिएका छन्। === सर्वोच्च अदालत === उनी सर्वोच्च अदालतको न्यायाधीशको रूपमा नियुक्त भएका थिए र अप्रिल १९, २०१९ मा कार्यभार सम्हालेका थिए। वैशाख २४, २०८३ मा संवैधानिक परिषदले सर्वोच्च अदालतको चौथो वरीयतामा रहेका मनोजकुमार शर्मालाई प्रधानन्यायाधीश सिफारिस गरेको थियो । शर्माभन्दा माथि [[सपना प्रधान मल्ल]], [[कुमार रेग्मी]] र [[हरि प्रसाद फुयाल|हरिप्रसाद फुयाँल]] थिए । <ref>{{Cite web |title=प्रधानन्यायाधीश सिफारिसमा तोडियो वरिष्ठताको परम्परा |url=https://ekantipur.com/news/2026/05/07/the-tradition-of-seniority-was-broken-on-the-recommendation-of-the-chief-justice-49-22.html |access-date=2026-05-10 |website=Ekantipur |language=ne}}</ref> ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} [[श्रेणी:न्यायाधीश]] [[श्रेणी:नेपालको सर्वोच्च अदालतका न्यायाधीशहरू]] [[श्रेणी:नेपाली न्यायाधीशहरू]] h80lyto4aucz2se6wmttbw9flxk01eu 1354822 1354821 2026-05-10T12:22:11Z Bishaldev100 28807 1354822 wikitext text/x-wiki डा. मनोजकुमार शर्मा [[नेपालको सर्वोच्च अदालत|सर्वोच्च अदालत]]का न्यायाधीश हुन्। ==पारिवारिक,प्रारम्भिक जीवन== उनको जन्म १८ जुन १९७० मा पर्सा जिल्लाको वीरगञ्जमा भएको थियो।<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Honourable Dr.Manoj Kumar Sharma |url=https://supremecourt.gov.np/pages/cv_justices/Cv_manojkumarsharma.html |access-date=2026-05-10 |website=supremecourt.gov.np}}</ref> उनी प्रधानन्यायाधीश [[दामोदरप्रसाद शर्मा]]का भतिजा हुन्। उनले [[नेपाल ल क्याम्पस]], काठमाडौँबाट बी.एल. र भारतको [[पुणे विश्वविद्यालय]]बाट एल.एल.एम. गरेका थिए। उनले नेपालको त्रिभुवन विश्वविद्यालयबाट श्रम कानूनमा विद्यावारिधि गरेका थिए। ==कानुनी तथा न्यायिक जीवन== उनी १९९५ मा अधिवक्ताको रूपमा भर्ना भए र कानूनका विभिन्न क्षेत्रमा अभ्यास गरे।<ref name=":0" /> उनले २०५२ मा अधिवक्ताका रूपमा कानुन व्यवसाय सुरु गरेका थिए । सुरुमा पायोनियर ल फर्ममा काम गरेका शर्मा पछि आफ्नै ल फर्ममा आबद्ध भए । यसअघि केपी शर्मा ओली सरकारको महान्यायाधिवक्ता बनेका रमेश बडाल र अर्का कानुन व्यवसायी श्रीकान्त बरालसँग मिलेर तीनै जनाले आ–आफ्नो नामको पहिलो–पहिलो अक्षर टिपेर ‘श्रीमर’ ल फर्म खोले । त्यसपछि केही समय वाणिज्य कानुनसम्बन्धी परामर्शदाता र अध्यापनमा पनि उनी सक्रिय रहे ।<ref>{{Cite web |title=जो पुनरावेदनबाट बाहिरिएका थिए |url=https://ekantipur.com/news/2026/05/09/those-who-were-excluded-from-the-appeal-20-55.html |access-date=2026-05-10 |website=Ekantipur |language=ne}}</ref> [[दामोदरप्रसाद शर्मा|दामोदारप्रसाद शर्मा]] प्रधानन्यायाधीश र न्याय परिषद्को अध्यक्ष रहेका बेला उनी २०७० मा तत्कालीन पुनरावेदन अदालत बुटवलमा अतिरिक्त न्यायाधीश नियुक्त भएका थिए ।<ref>{{Cite web |title=न्यायाधीश शर्माको यात्रा :अतिरिक्त हुँदै प्रधानन्यायाधीश सिफारिससम्म |url=https://ekantipur.com/news/2026/05/07/manoj-sharma-who-was-removed-from-the-post-of-additional-judge-recommended-for-the-post-of-chief-justice-of-the-supreme-court-14-39.html |access-date=2026-05-10 |website=Ekantipur |language=ne}}</ref> उनले जुन १०, २०१३ देखि डिसेम्बर १२, २०१५ सम्म बुटवल र पाटनमा पुनरावेदन अदालतको अतिरिक्त न्यायाधीशको रूपमा पनि काम गरे। आफ्नो करियरको क्रममा, उनले नेपाल र विदेशमा राष्ट्रिय तथा अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय सम्मेलनहरूमा भाग लिएका छन्। === सर्वोच्च अदालत === उनी सर्वोच्च अदालतको न्यायाधीशको रूपमा नियुक्त भएका थिए र अप्रिल १९, २०१९ मा कार्यभार सम्हालेका थिए। वैशाख २४, २०८३ मा संवैधानिक परिषदले सर्वोच्च अदालतको चौथो वरीयतामा रहेका मनोजकुमार शर्मालाई प्रधानन्यायाधीश सिफारिस गरेको थियो ।<ref>{{Cite web |title=सर्वोच्च अदालतको प्रधान न्यायाधीशमा डा‍. मनोजकुमार शर्मा सिफारिस |url=https://www.ratopati.com/story/561660/manoj-sharma-recommended-for-chief-justice-of-the-supreme-court |access-date=2026-05-10 |website=www.ratopati.com |language=Nepali}}</ref> शर्माभन्दा माथि [[सपना प्रधान मल्ल]], [[कुमार रेग्मी]] र [[हरि प्रसाद फुयाल|हरिप्रसाद फुयाँल]] थिए । <ref>{{Cite web |title=प्रधानन्यायाधीश सिफारिसमा तोडियो वरिष्ठताको परम्परा |url=https://ekantipur.com/news/2026/05/07/the-tradition-of-seniority-was-broken-on-the-recommendation-of-the-chief-justice-49-22.html |access-date=2026-05-10 |website=Ekantipur |language=ne}}</ref> ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} [[श्रेणी:न्यायाधीश]] [[श्रेणी:नेपालको सर्वोच्च अदालतका न्यायाधीशहरू]] [[श्रेणी:नेपाली न्यायाधीशहरू]] rzat7e2gkwjsd2u3uz1stb35hqxs8ts 3 150110 1354842 2026-05-11T03:06:05Z नेपाली विकिपिडिया स्वागत 28168 [[ढाँचा:नमस्ते|स्वागतम्]] 1354842 wikitext text/x-wiki ==विकिपिडियामा स्वागत छ!== <div style="width: 99%; color: #111; {{box-shadow|0|1px|3px|rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.35)}} {{border-radius|2px}}"> <div style="overflow:hidden; height:auto; background: #fff; width: 100%; padding-bottom:18px;"> <div style="font-size: 36px; margin-top: 24px;margin-left: 16px; font-family: 'Linux Libertine',Georgia,Times,serif; line-height: 1.2em;">नमस्ते, सुरत भट्टराईज्यू</div> <div style="font-size: 24px; padding-top: 0px; margin-left: 16px; font-family: 'Linux Libertine',Georgia,Times,serif; line-height:1.2em; color: #666; "> [[नेपाली विकिपिडिया]]मा हार्दिक [[विकिपिडिया:स्वागत|स्वागत]] छ! </div></div> <div style="vertical-align:middle; color: black; background-color:#fff"> <div style="display: flex; flex-flow: row wrap; background-color:#EAECF0; padding: 10px; padding-left: 25px; "> <div style="font-size: 18px; padding-top: 0px; margin-left: 0px; text-align: center; font-family: 'Linux Libertine',Georgia,Times,serif; line-height:1.5em; color: #111; "> हालसम्म नेपाली विकिपिडियामा [[विशेष:Statistics|२९,७१८]] लेखहरू छन्। यसलाई बढाउन तपाईंको योगदानको आवश्यकता रहेको छ। आउनुहोस् तपाईं हामी सबै मिलेर नेपाली विकिपिडियालाई विश्वका अन्य प्रमुख [[:meta:List_of_Wikipedias/ne|भाषाका विकिपिडिया जत्ति कै धनी]] बनाऔँ। विकिपिडियाले कुनै पनि व्यक्तिलाई सम्पादन गर्ने अधिकार दिन्छ। मलाई आशा छ कि तपाईंले यहाँ मन पराउनुहुन्छ र योगदान गर्ने निर्णय गर्नुहुन्छ।</div> <div style="flex: 1 1 300px;"><br/> <div style="font-size: 17px; font-family: 'Linux Libertine',Georgia,Times,serif; line-height:1.2em; font-weight:normal;">[[चित्र:Symbol support2 vote.svg|25px|alt=|link=]] सुरुवात</div> <div style="font-size: 15px;"> * पहिले [[विकिपिडिया:विकिपिडियाको बारेमा|विकिपिडियाको परिचय पृष्ठ]] पढ्नुहोस्। * तपाईंले कसरी [[मद्दत:सहायता विषयसूचि|विकिपिडियामा योगदान गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ]] जान्नुहोस्। * आफ्नो परिचय दिनको लागि तपाईंको [[प्रयोगकर्ता:सुरत भट्टराई|प्रयोगकर्ता पृष्ठ]] बनाउनुहोला ताकि हामी तपाईंलाई अझ राम्रोसँग चिन्न सक्छौँ। (परिचय दिइरहनु आवश्यक नै भने छैन) </div> </div> <div style="flex: 1 1 300px;"><br/> <div style="font-size: 17px; font-family: 'Linux Libertine',Georgia,Times,serif; line-height:1.2em; font-weight:normal;">[[चित्र:Artículo bueno-blue.svg|25px|alt=|link=]] सुझावहरू</div> <div style="font-size: 15px;"> * कृपया [[विकिपिडिया:स्वशिक्षा/वार्तालाप पृष्ठ|वार्तालाप पृष्ठ]]मा चारवटा वक्र (<code><nowiki>~~~~</nowiki></code>) प्रयोग गरि हस्ताक्षर गर्नुहोला। यसो गर्नाले वार्तालाप पृष्ठमा स्वत: तपाईंको नाम, वार्ता पृष्ठसूत्र र मिति थपिने छ। * यदि तपाईंलाई विकिपिडियामा केही समस्या परेको छ भने आफ्नो वार्तालाप पृष्ठमा <code>'''<nowiki>{{मद्दत}}</nowiki>'''</code> राख्नु होला। हाम्रा प्रयोगकर्ताहरूले तपाईंको समस्याको समाधान बताउने छन्। * नयाँ पृष्ठहरू [[विकिपिडिया:स्वशिक्षा/सम्पादन|सम्पादन गर्दा]] वा [[विकिपिडिया:कसरी लेख बनाउने?|सिर्जना गर्दा]], [[विकिपिडिया:स्वशिक्षा/सन्दर्भ|सन्दर्भ]]हरू थप्दा वा मेटाउँदा गल्ती गर्न डराउनु पर्दैन किनकि गल्ती जो कोहीबाट हुन् सक्छ। </div> </div> </div> <div style="padding: 10px; padding-left: 25px; "> <div style="text-align: center;"> {{clickable button 2|विकिपिडिया:कसरी लेख बनाउने?|कसरी लेख बनाउने?|class=mw-ui-constructive center}} </div> <div style="text-align: center;"> {{clickable button 2|विकिपिडिया:चिया घर|यदि तपाईंसँग प्रश्नहरू छन् भने यहाँ सोध्नुहोस्|class=mw-ui-constructive center}} </div> </div> </div> </div> '''स्वागतम्''', हामी नेपाली विकिपिडियामा तपाईंको सम्पादनको लागि पर्खिरहेका छौँ! -- [[User:नेपाली विकिपिडिया स्वागत|नेपाली विकिपिडिया स्वागत]] ([[User talk:नेपाली विकिपिडिया स्वागत|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०८:५१, ११ मे २०२६ (नेपाली समय) 0bc7rzkj04n1xfm6psi5gruyul6izjk 828 150111 1354845 2026-05-11T03:35:23Z पर्वत सुवेदी 31224 नयाँ पृष्ठ: return { name = 'धादिङ जिल्ला', top = 28.50, bottom = 27.58, left = 84.60, right = 85.35, image = 'धादिङ जिल्लाका स्थानीय तहहरू (वडा विभाजन).png', } 1354845 Scribunto text/plain return { name = 'धादिङ जिल्ला', top = 28.50, bottom = 27.58, left = 84.60, right = 85.35, image = 'धादिङ जिल्लाका स्थानीय तहहरू (वडा विभाजन).png', } 3jnzsrwq2fn7ebdgb9u88zz3lmnqznd 828 150112 1354846 2026-05-11T03:35:52Z पर्वत सुवेदी 31224 नयाँ पृष्ठ: return { name = 'बेनीघाट रोराङ गाउँपालिका', top = 27.87, bottom = 27.58, left = 84.69, right = 84.98, image = 'बेनीघाट रोराङ गाउँपालिका.png' } 1354846 Scribunto text/plain return { name = 'बेनीघाट रोराङ गाउँपालिका', top = 27.87, bottom = 27.58, left = 84.69, right = 84.98, image = 'बेनीघाट रोराङ गाउँपालिका.png' } hp9zgazdhuda1nr372p7hdf3d1xiana