विकिपिडिया newiki https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A0 MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.10 first-letter मीडिया विशेष वार्तालाप प्रयोगकर्ता प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता विकिपिडिया विकिपिडिया वार्ता चित्र चित्र वार्ता मीडियाविकि मीडियाविकि वार्ता ढाँचा ढाँचा वार्ता मद्दत मद्दत वार्ता श्रेणी श्रेणी वार्ता पोर्टल पोर्टल वार्ता मस्यौदा मस्यौदा वार्ता TimedText TimedText talk मोड्युल मोड्युल वार्तालाप Event Event talk 0 2745 1365980 1324161 2026-07-14T06:57:25Z पर्वत सुवेदी 31224 /* */ 1365980 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | type = [[नेपालका जिल्लाहरू|जिल्ला]] | name = रामेछाप जिल्ला | native_name = रामेछाप | native_name_lang = ne | nickname = | motto = | image_skyline = Pancha Pokhari,Ramechhap130811IMG 23560005.JPG | imagesize = 300 | image_alt = | image_caption = रामेछापको पञ्चपोखरी | image_map = Ramechap Bagmati locator.png | mapsize = 300 | map_alt = | map_caption = प्रदेशमा जिल्लाको अवस्थिति | image_map1 = | mapsize1 = 300 | map_alt1 = | map_caption1 = स्थानीय तह सहितको रामेछापको नक्सा | coordinates = | coordinates_footnotes = | subdivision_type = देश | subdivision_name = {{NPL}} | subdivision_type1 = [[नेपालका प्रदेशहरू|प्रदेश]] | subdivision_name1 = [[बागमती प्रदेश]] | parts_type = [[नेपालका स्थानीय तहहरू|स्थानीय तह]] | parts_style = coll | p1 = | p2 = | established_title = स्थापना | established_date = | seat_type = प्रशासकीय सदरमुकाम | seat = [[मन्थली नगरपालिका|मन्थली]] | leader_title = प्रमुख | leader_name = | leader_party = | leader_title1 = उप-प्रमुख | leader_name1 = | leader_title2 = [[प्रतिनिधि सभा (नेपाल)|प्रतिनिधि सभा निर्वाचन क्षेत्र]] | leader_name2 = | leader_title3 = [[प्रदेश सभा (नेपाल)|प्रदेश सभा निर्वाचन क्षेत्र]] | leader_name3 = | government_footnotes = | government_type = [[जिल्ला समन्वय समिति]] | governing_body = [[जिल्ला समन्वय समिति|जिसस]], रामेछाप | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 1546 | area_note = | area_rank = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | elevation_min_m = | elevation_max_m = | population_footnotes = | population_total = 172767 | population_as_of = २०७८ | population_density_km2 = auto | population_note = | population_rank = | blank_name_sec1 = [[नेपालका भाषाहरू|मुख्य भाषा(हरू)]] | blank_info_sec1 = नेपाली, मगर, सुनुवार, तामाङ, नेवारी र हायू | blank_name_sec2 = [[नेपालका भाषाहरू|आधिकारिक भाषा(हरू)]] | blank_info_sec2 = [[नेपाली भाषा|नेपाली]] | timezone1 = [[नेपाली समय]] | utc_offset1 = +०५:४५ | postal_code_type = हुलाक कोड | postal_code = | area_code_type = टेलिफोन कोड | area_code = | website = {{URL|http://www.ddcramechhap.gov.np/}} | footnotes = }} '''रामेछाप''' [[नेपाल]]को [[मध्यमाञ्चल विकास क्षेत्र|मध्यमाञ्चल]] विकास क्षेत्र, [[जनकपुर अञ्चल]]मा अवस्थित एक दुर्गम पहाडी जिल्ला हो। राजधानीसमेत रहेको मध्यमाञ्चल विकास क्षेत्रका १९औं जिल्लामा पर्ने रामेछाप सेवा सुविधाको हिसावले एक विकट क्षेत्र हो। राजधानी छोएको [[काभ्रेपलान्चोक जिल्ला|काभ्रेपलाञ्चोक जिल्ला]], चीनसँग सीमा जोडिएका [[दोलखा जिल्ला|दोलखा]] र [[ओखलढुङ्गा जिल्ला]] र तराई छोएको [[सिन्धुली जिल्ला]]को बीचको १,५४६ वर्ग किलोमिटरको यो जिल्ला पर्याप्त स्रोत र साधन भएर पनि उपेक्षित अवस्थामै छ। रामेछापलाई तीन लालको जिल्ला भनेर पनि चिन्ने गरिन्छ। नेपाली साहित्यका प्रथम शहीद सुब्बा [[कृष्णलाल अधिकारी]], शहीद [[गङ्गालाल श्रेष्ठ]] र [[नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी]]का संस्थापक महासचिव [[पुष्पलाल श्रेष्ठ]]को जन्म रामेछापमै भएको हो। रामेछापले नेपाली राजनीति, कला, साहित्य, उद्योगी, व्यापारी, विद्वान, साँस्कृतिककर्मी, सञ्चारकर्मी सबै प्रतिभा जन्माएको छ। भौगोलिक हिसावमा भन्ने हो भने रामेछाप जनकपुर अञ्चलका ६ जिल्ला मध्येको एक हो। विक्रम संवत् २०५६ को विकेन्द्रीकरण नियमावलीअनुसार अहिले यो जिल्ला दुर्गमको कोटीमै पर्दछ। यस जिल्लाको भौगोलिक विस्तार २७ डिग्री २८' उत्तरी अक्षांशदेखि २७ डिग्री ५०' उत्तरसम्म र ८५ डिग्री ५०' पूर्वी देशान्तरदेखि ८६ डिग्री ३५' पूर्वसम्म छ। मध्य [[महाभारत पर्वत शृङ्खला|महाभारत पर्वत शृङ्खला]]देखि उच्च हिमाली शृङ्खलासम्म विस्तारित रामेछाप जिल्लाको भू-बनोट समुद्री सतहदेखि ४२६ मिटरको उचाइदेखि ६,९५८ मिटरको नुम्बुर हिमचुलीसम्म फैलिएको छ। कुल ५५ गाविस रहेको रामेछापलाई ११ इलाका र २ निर्वाचन क्षेत्रमा विभक्त गरिएको छ। विसं १८३६ देखि विसं २०४६ सम्म कहिले गौडा, गोश्वारा कहिले बडा हाकिमको अड्डा, कहिले अञ्चल स्तरीय प्रशासनिक निकाय, कहिले जिल्ला स्तरीय प्रशासनिक स्थलको रूपमा २१० वर्षको इतिहास वोकेर बसेको रामेछाप सदरमुकाम सरी २०४५ साल देखि विधिवत रूपमा मन्थलीमा रहँदै आएको छ। == जिल्लाको नामाकरण == रामेछाप जिल्लाको नाम किन, कसरि र कहिले देखि रामेछाप रहन गयो भन्ने सन्दर्भमा एक रोचक विषय भएता पनि रामेछाप वासीको विचारमा यस वारेमा विवधता पाइन्छ। * हालको रामेछाप डाँडाँको वरिपरि प्राचीन कालदेखि (हालसम्म) तामाङ जातिको वाहुल्यता रहेको पाइन्छ। तामाङ् भाषामा 'रा' भनेको भेडा बाख्रा, 'मे' भनेको गाई गोरु र 'छाप' भनेको चरण क्षेत्र वा खर्क भन्ने जनाउँदछ। तामाङहरूले रामेछाप डाँडाको मुख्य भागलाई आफ्नो भाषामा रामेछाप भनेर भेडा बाख्रा र गाई गोरुको चरणक्षेत्र भन्ने अर्थमा प्रयोग गरेकोले त्यस ठाउँको नाम रामेछाप रहन गएको मान्न सकिन्छ। * यसै गरी स्थानीय किम्बदन्ति अनुसार इतिहासको कुनै समयमा रामेछापको मुख्य स्थान हालको रामेछाप डाँडाँको वरिपरि [[तामाङ जाति]]को वस्ती रहेको (हालसम्मरहेको) र त्यहाँ राम नाम गरेको एकजना तामाङले तत्कालिन राजाबाट त्यस स्थानको मुख्तीयारिको रूपमा विर्ता पाएको र उसबाट नै त्यस स्थानको भोगचलन र छाप समेत चल्दथ्यो। राम भन्ने त्यसै व्यक्तिको छाप चल्ने भएको कारण अन्यत्रबाट त्यहाँ आई वसोवास गर्ने मानिसहरूले राम भन्ने व्यक्तिबाट छाप (जग्गा जमिन भोग चलन गर्ने अधिकार) प्राप्त गरी वसोवास गर्ने गरेको र दुवै शव्द राम छाप संयुक्त रूपमा प्रयोग गर्दा अपभ्रंश भई कालान्तरमा रामेछाप नाम हुन गएको भनि मान्न सकिन्छ। == भौगोलिक अवस्था == * अक्षांश:- २७ डिग्री २८' उत्तर देखि २७ डिग्री ५०' उत्तरसम्म * देशान्तरः- ८५ डिग्री ५०' पूर्व देखि ८६ डिग्री ३५' पूर्वसम्म * सबभन्दा अग्लो स्थान:- ६,९५८ मिटरको नुम्बुर हिमचुली * सबभन्दा होचो स्थान:- ४२६ मिटर कोलोन्जोरघाट * सिमाना:- पूर्व- [[ओखलढुङ्गा जिल्ला|ओखलढुङ्गा]] र [[सोलुखुम्बु जिल्ला|सोलुखुम्बु]], पश्चिम- [[सिन्धुपाल्चोक जिल्ला|सिन्धुपाल्चोक]] र [[काभ्रेपलान्चोक जिल्ला|काभ्रेपलाञ्चोक]], उत्तर-[[दोलखा जिल्ला|दोलखा]], दक्षिण-[[सिन्धुली जिल्ला|सिन्धुली]] * क्षेत्रफल:- १,५४६ वर्ग किलोमिटर * अवस्थिति:- मध्यपहाड * औसत लम्बाइ:- भौगोलिक रूपमा हेर्दा रामेछाप हलो अथवा मोजा आकारको देखिन्छ। रामेछापको सबैभन्दा कम उचाइ भएको स्थान लिखु र सुनकोसीको संगम कोलोन्जोरघाट (४२६ मिटर) हो भने सबैभन्दा उच्च भाग नुम्बुर हिमचुली (६,९५८ मिटर) हो। रामेछाप पहाडी जिल्ला भए पनि तामाकोसी, सुनकोसी, लिखु, खिम्ती, चौरीजस्ता खोला र नदीले बनाएका स-साना उर्वरा फाँटहरू पनि प्रशस्तै छन्। रजमनटार, मुँगीटार, द्यौरालीटार, जखनीटार, सित्खाटार, टारीखेत, खिम्तीबेसी, विर्ताटार आदि स्थान उत्पादन र बसाईका लागि उत्तम मानिएको छ। रामेछापमा ३,१४८ मिटर अग्लो गिद्धे डाँडा, २,२९५ मिटर अग्लो अग्लेश्वरडाँडा, २,४२० मिटरको दमकोटीडाँडा, ३,१४८ मिटर अग्लो सैलुङ्गेडाँडा, ३,१०६ मिटर अग्लो तामेडाँडाजस्ता हिमाली तथा पहाडी डाँडाकाँडा रहेका छन्। यो जिल्ला रामादिङचुली ६,२५८ मिटर, ५,५०२ मिटर अग्लो गोकुलचुली, ६,७५७ मिटर अग्लो लिखुचुली, ६,६७८ मिटर अग्लो गाकोशिर जस्ता हिमालय शृङ्खलाहरूले सजिएको छ। यहाँ ८ सय मिटर उचाइमा रहेको [[मन्थली]]बजार, १३७८ मिटर उचाइको रामेछाप बजार, ४९५ मिटरमा रहेको आकाशे, ८ सय मिटरकै उचाइमा अवस्थित [[साँघुटार]], १७ मिटर उचाइमा रहेको ठोसेबजार, १८ मिटर उचाइको गाल्वाभन्ज्याङ्ग र १८ सय मिटरकै उचाइमा रहेको धोवीबजार यहाँका मुख्य बजार क्षेत्र हुन्। यद्यपि हाल आएर शिवालय, बेताली, बाम्तीभण्डार आदि स्थान पनि बजार बनिसकेको छ। रामेछापका उल्लेखित क्षेत्रमा फलाम, तामा, स्लेट आदि खानीको भण्डार रहेको छ। == प्रशासनिक विभाजन == जिल्लामा दुई नगरपालिका र ६ गाउँपालिकाहरू गरि ८ वटा [[नेपालमा स्थानीय सरकार|स्थानीय तह]]हरू रहेका छन्।<ref>{{cite web |title=स्थानिय तह |url=https://sthaniya.gov.np/gis/ |access-date=२० असोज २०८२ |publisher=सङ्घीय मामिला तथा सामान्य प्रशासन मन्त्रालय |language=नेपाली}}</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" |+रामेछाप जिल्लाका स्थानीय तहहरू !क्रम !स्थानीय तहहरू !समावेश गाविसहरू !वडा सङ्ख्या !केन्द्र !जनसङ्ख्या ([[नेपालको बाह्रौँ राष्ट्रिय जनगणना, २०७८|वि.सं २०७८]]) !क्षेत्रफल (वर्ग किमी) !जनघनत्व (वर्ग किमी) |- |१ |[[रामेछाप नगरपालिका]] |[[रामेछाप, रामेछाप|रामेछाप]], [[सुकाजोर]], [[ओख्रेनी]], [[गोठगाउँ]], [[देउराली, रामेछाप|देउराली]], [[साँघुटार]], [[हिमगङ्गा]] र [[रामपुर, रामेछाप|रामपुर]] |९ |[[रामेछाप, रामेछाप|रामेछाप]] |२४,९७१ |२०२.४५ |१२० |- |२ |[[मन्थली नगरपालिका]] |[[मन्थली]], [[भलुवाजोर]], [[सुनारपानी]], [[कठजोर]], [[भटौली]], [[चिसापानी, रामेछाप|चिसापानी]] र [[सालु]], [[गेलु]], [[चनखु]], [[पुरानागाउँ]] र [[फुलासी]] |१४ |[[मन्थली]] |३९,६३४ |२११.७८ |१९० |- |३ |[[उमाकुण्ड गाउँपालिका]] |[[गुम्देल]], [[बाम्ती भण्डार]], [[कुबुकस्थली]], [[प्रिती, रामेछाप|प्रिती]], [[गुप्तेश्वर, रामेछाप|गुप्तेश्वर]] र [[भुजी]] |७ |[[प्रिती, रामेछाप|प्रिती]] |१६,५९० |४५१.९९ |३७ |- |४ |[[खाँडादेवी गाउँपालिका]] |[[राकाथुम]], [[मझुवा]], [[भीरपानी]], [[पकरबास]], [[माकादुम]], [[गागल भदौरे]], [[पिङ्खुरी]] र [[खाँडादेवी]] |९ |[[माकादुम]] |१९,३१२ |१५०.०७ |१३० |- |५ |[[गोकुलगङ्गा गाउँपालिका]] |[[चुचुरे]], [[ठोसे]], [[रस्नालु]], [[बेताली]], [[नामाडी]] र [[फर्पु]] |६ |[[रस्नालु]] |१७,७९८ |१९८.४ |९० |- |६ |[[दोरम्बा शैलुङ गाउँपालिका]] |[[डडुवा]], [[दोरम्बा]], [[टोकरपुर]], [[गोश्वारा]], [[लखनपुर]] र [[गुन्सी भदौरे]] (८-९) |७ |[[टोकरपुर]] |१७,६८६ |१४०.८८ |१३० |- |७ |[[लिखु तामाकोशी गाउँपालिका]] |[[दुरागाउँ]], [[सैपु]], [[बिजुलीकोट]], [[नागदह]], [[खिम्ती]] र [[तिल्पुङ]] |७ |धोबी बजार |१८,३२५ |१२४.५१ |१५० |- |८ |[[सुनापती गाउँपालिका]] |[[दिमिपोखरी]], [[गुन्सी भदौरे]] (१-७), [[बेथान]], [[हिलेदेवी]] र [[खनियापानी]] |५ |[[हिलेदेवी]] |१४,६५८ |८६.९८ |१७० |} [[चित्र:NepalRamechhapDistrictmap.png|अङ्गुठाकार|रामेछाप जिल्लाका पूर्व गाविसहरूको नक्सा]] == हावापानी र भू-उपयोग == उचाइको विविधतासँगै रामेछापको हावापानी र भू-उपयोगमा पनि प्रभाव परेको देखिन्छ। ४२६को कोलोन्जोरबाट सुरू भएको रामेछापको भूबनोट ६९५८ सम्मको उचाइसम्म पुग्दा विविध खाले हावापानी पाइन्छ। रामेछापको दक्षिणी भागमा अत्यधिक गर्मी हुने गर्दछ भने उत्तरी भाग निकै उचाइमा रहेकाले अत्यन्त चिसो क्षेत्र मानिन्छ। यस जिल्लाको औषत वाषिर्क तापक्रम ११.९ ० सेन्टिग्रेट र वर्षा मीमीसम्म रहेको छ। यसरी हावापानीको विविधता र लेकबेसीयुक्त भू-बनोटका कारण रामेछापमा २१.४९ प्रतिशत मात्र जमित खेतीयोग्य मानिएको छ। यहाँका २७.७६ प्रतिशत क्षेत्र वनजङ्गलले ढाकेको छ। यहाँका २४.३२ प्रतिशत क्षेत्र घाँसे तथा चरण क्षेत्र र १० प्रतिशत भाग चट्टान तथा हिउँले ढाकेको छ भने १५.८३ प्रतिशत क्षेत्रमा मानव वस्ती तथा बाँझो रहेको छद्ध। यस जिल्लाका जनताको जीवनयापन कृषि नै हो। बस्तुभाउ पाल्नु र कृषिमा लाग्नु यहाँका जनताको दैनिकी हो। रामेछापमा खेतीका रूपमा धान, मकै, कोदो, फापर, गहुँ आदि हुने गर्दछ। फलफूलतर्फ जुनार रामेछापको प्रसिद्ध छ तर अन्य फलफूल पनि प्रशस्तै हुने गर्दछ। रामेछापमा कुल कृषियोग्य जमिन मध्ये सिँचित क्षेत्र २७.६९ प्रतिशत मात्र रहेको छ। == नदीनालाहरू == [[चित्र:Lubhu.jpg|thumb|200px|right|[[सुनकोशी नदी]]को किनारमा रहेको लुभु गाउँ]] रामेछाप जिल्ला दुवैतिर ठूला नदीले घेरिएको जिल्ला हो। रामेछापको ओखलढुंगा र सोलुखुम्बूसँगको सीमा (लिखु) वा [[लिखु नदी|लिकु]] खोलाले छुट्टाएको छ भने दोलखा, सिन्धुली र काभ्रेपलाञ्चोकसँगको सीमा क्षेत्रमा खिम्ती, तामाकोसी, सुनसकोसी, चौरीजस्ता खोलाले सीमाको काम गरेका छन्। रामेछापमा तामाकोसी, सुनकोसी, लिखु, खिम्तीजस्ता ठूला नदी पर्दछन् भने चौरी, मिल्ती, भटौली, बाफर, चुलुपे, खानीखोला, दोर्जे खोला, सोत्रे खोला, चौलाखोलाजस्ता मध्यम नदीहरू पनि पर्दछन्। पानीको हिसाव गर्दा रामेछापमा विद्यूत उत्पादनको बलियो सम्भावना रहेको छ। हाल ६० मेगावाटको खिम्ती-१ निर्माण भइसकेको छ। रामेछापमा रहेका नदी तथा खेलाहरूमा विद्युत गृह निर्माणका लागि दर्जन बढी परियोजना प्रस्तावित अवस्थामा रहेका छन्। यस जिल्लामा साना तथा ठूला विद्युत परियोजना सञ्चालन गर्न सकिने प्रचुर सम्भावनाहरू रहेका छन्। लिखु १, २, ३ र ४ जस्ता परियोजनाहरूको काम धमाधम भइरहेको छ। २०५८को तथ्याङ्क हेर्ने हो भने रामेछापका ७ प्रतिशत जनताले मात्र विद्युत प्रयोग गरेको पाइन्छ। यद्यपि अहिले यसमा केही परिवर्तन आइसकेको छ। == खनिज पदार्थहरू == रामेछापमा रहेको अथाह खनिज पदार्थ उपयोग हुन नसक्नु नै रामेछापको दुर्भाग्य बनेको छ। रामेछाप खनिज पदार्थको भण्डार हो तर उपयोग हुन नसक्दा रामेछापबासी गरीबीमा पिल्सनु परेको छ। ठोसे, चुचुरे, रस्नालु, बेताली, गुप्तेश्वर, पि्रति र कुभुकाँस्थली गाविसका अधिकांश स्थानमा फलामखानी रहेका छन्। ठोसेमा १९२१ देखि फलाखानी सञ्चालनसमेत भएको थियो। तर, उन्नत प्रविधि र लगानी अभावमा अहिले त्यो बन्द छ। यो नेपालकै दोस्रो ठूलो फलाम खानी हो। यहाँबाट उत्पादन गरिएका फलामबाट बनेका विभिन्न स्थानमा झोलुङ्गे पल र अन्य संरचना भने अझै जीवितै छन्। विगतमा स्वाभिमानी पुर्खाहरूले सञ्चालन गरेका खानीहरूले अहिले खानीविनाका खानीगाउँहरू बनिर साधारण नेपालीलाई धिक्कारी रहेको छ। विगतमा खानी सञ्चालन हुँदा प्रयोग भएका औजारहरूले अहिले पनि नयाँ प्रविधि र लगानीको माग गरिरहेको छ। तर सम्बद्ध पक्षले ध्यान दिन सकेको छैन। बरु कमिसनको खेलमा विदेशबाट आयात गरिएको फलामे फालीले ठोसेबासी आफ्नो बारी जोत्न बाध्य छन्। अझ तामालाई ईश्वरको प्रतिक धातु मानेर खुट्टाले छोएमा पनि विष्णु १ विष्णु ११ भन्ने संस्कारमै रहेका रामेछापबासी तामाखानीमाथि घर बनाएर विदेशी तामाको पाताबाट निर्मित ताम्रापत्रमा छोरीको विवाहमा गोडा धुन बाध्य छन्। रामेछापमा भदौरेमा तामाखानी, भूजी तथा दूरागाउँमा मार्वल र म्याग्नेसाइट खानीयुक्त मानिन्छ। खाँडादेवी, गुप्तेश्वर, तथा भूजीमा उच्च कोटीका स्लेट खानी छ। तर, मात्र छैन, उपयुक्त नीति, प्रविधि, सीप र इच्छाशक्ति। यहाँका खानी र पानी उपयोग गर्ने हो भने रामेछापकौ कायाँपलट मात्र होइन देशकै मुहार फेर्न सकिने अवस्था छ। == जनसङ्ख्या, जातजाति, भाषाभाषी र धर्म == राष्ट्रिय जनगणना २०५८ अनुसार रामेछाप जसङ्ख्या २,१२,४०८ रहेको छ। जसमा महिला १,११,५५५ र पुरुष १,००,८५३ यसमा ५ वर्षमुनीको जनसङ्ख्या २६,४०९ भने ७५ वर्ष र सो भन्दा माथिको जनसङ्ख्या ४,०३६ रहेको छ। यस जिल्लामा घरपरिवार सङ्ख्या ४०,३८६, औसत परिवार सदस्य सङ्ख्या : ५.२६ , जनघनत्व -प्रति वर्ग कि.मि.) १३७ जना, बाषिर्क जनसङ्ख्या बृद्धिदर १.२२ प्रतिशत, शहरी जनसङ्ख्या -प्रतिशत), पुरुष माहिला अनुपात ९०.४१ छ। नेपालको जनसङ्ख्यामा जिल्लाको अंश ०.९२ प्रतिशत छ भने आश्रति जनसङ्ख्या जम्मा १०२.३४ प्रतिशत रहेको छ। बालबालिका -उमेर ० -१४ वर्ष) : ८५.१६ र बृद्धबृद्धा -उमेर ६० वर्ष भन्दा माथि) १७.१८ रहेको छ। राष्ट्रिय जनगणना २०५८ अनुसार रामेछापमा प्रमुख पाँच जातजातिको जनसङ्ख्या क्षेत्री २६.४४, तामाङ, २०.५६, नेवार १४.०९ , मगर १०.९२, ब्राह्ममण ५.६३, र [[सुनुवार जाति|सुनुवार]] ३.७३ रहेका छन्। भाषागत रूपमा हेर्दा यहाँ ५६.६० प्रतिशतले नेपाली बोल्छन् भने १९.७४ प्रतिशतले तामाङ, ७.०१ प्रतिशतले नेवारी, ६.९८ प्रतिशतले मगर र ३.७३ प्रतिशतले [[सुनुवार भाषा]] बोल्ने गर्दछन्। यो जिल्लामा ६८.०६ प्रतिशतले हिन्दु धर्म मान्ने गरेको पाइएको छ भने २८.२९ प्रतिशतले बौद्ध, १.९५ प्रतिशतले [[किराँत जाति|किराँत]], ०.४३ प्रतिशतले क्रिश्चियन, ०.०२ प्रतिशतले मुस्लिम र १.२४ प्रतिशतले अन्य धर्म मान्ने गरेका छन्। == सामाजिक र आर्थिक अवस्था == रामेछापमा विविध जाति, संस्कृति र भाषाभाषीको बसोबास रहेको र भौगोलिक अवस्थितिसमेत विविधतायुक्त रहेकाले यहाँको सामाजिक तथा आर्थिक अवस्था पनि विविधतायुक्त रहेको छ। रामेछापमा करिब दश प्रतिशत आर्थिक रूपमा उच्च वर्गमा पर्ने समूह रहेको छ। यो समूह रामेछाप स्थायी निवासी भए पनि अहिले राजधानीमा बसोबास गर्ने समूह हो। जिल्लाको अधिकांश जमिनको हिस्सा ओगट्ने यो वर्गले जिल्लाको राजनीति तथा अन्य क्रियाकलापमा समेत प्रभाव पार्ने गरेको देखिन्छ। तर, यो वर्गले जिल्लाको विकासमा भने खासै चासो राखेको पाइँदैन। त्यस्तै अर्को वर्ग हो, मध्यम वर्ग। रामेछापमा यो वर्ग १५ प्रतिशत मात्र रहेको मानिन्छ। जिल्लाभित्र र तराईमा समेत जग्गा जमित जोडिसकेको यो समूह स्थायी रूपमा राजधानीमा बसोबास गर्दछन्। जिल्लाको राजनीति र अन्य प्रक्रियामा चासो राख्ने यो समूह जिल्लाले प्राप्त गरेको उपयुक्त अवसर हात पार्ने मौकामा रहेको देखिन्छ। जिल्लाको विकासमा यो वर्गले खासै महत्त्व नदिएको भन्ने कुरा रामेछापको विकास गतिले पनि स्पष्ट पार्दछ। अर्को र साँच्चैको वर्ग भनेको रामेछापको निम्न वर्गको हो। रामेछापलाई अहिलेको स्थानसम्म ल्याउन उनीहरूको रगत, पसिना, श्रम, सीप र लगानीले नै काम गरेको छ भन्न सकिन्छ। सामाजिक रूपमा अपहेलित र आर्थिक रूपमा ज्यादै विपन्न यो वर्ग न त जिल्ला छोडेर कतै जान सकेको छ नत जिल्लामै केही गर्न सकेको छ। रामेछापका नाममा राष्ट्रिय राजनीतिमा महत्त्वपूर्ण पहुँच पञ्चालयकाल, बहुदलकाल र अहिलेसम्म कायमै छ। राष्ट्रिय तहको उच्च तहसम्म रामेछापेलीहरू पुगेका छन्। तर, जिल्लाका लागि उनीहरूबाट खासै योगदान भएको पाइँदैन। यहाँका विपन्न वर्गलाई जहिले पनि भोट बैङ्ककै रूपमा मात्र प्रयोग गर्ने उनीहरू भने राजधानीबासी भन्न रुचाउँछन्। सरकारको २०५८को तथ्याङ्कअनुसार रामेछापमा ७०.४४ प्रतिशत जनता आर्थिक दृष्टिले सक्षम मानिन्छन्। जसमा महिला ६९.८६ प्रतिशत र पुरुष ७१.१२ प्रतिशत रहेको छ। यहाँका जनताको मुख्य पेसा कृषि नै हो। यहाँका ८६.९१ प्रतिशत जनता कृषिमा निर्भर छन्। यसरी हेर्दा गैर कृषिमा १३.०९ प्रतिशत मात्र देखिन्छ। तर, केषिमा नयाँ प्रविधिको विकास र प्रयोग यहाँ भएको पाइँदैन। यो पनि गरीबीको कारण हो भन्न सकिन्छ। रामेछापमा तराईमा फलेका काउली र गोलभेंडा विक्री हुन्छन् तर त्यहीं उत्पादित जुनारले बजार पाएको छैन भने व्यवसायिक तरकारी खेती, जडीबुटी र फलफूल खेती हुन सकेको छैन। == सूचना प्रविधि र सञ्चार माध्यम == रामेछापमा पहिलो रेडियो हजुरको रेडियो १०२ थोप्लो १ हो भने पछिल्लो समयमा रेडियो तीनलाल एफएम, रेडियो तिफदी, रेडयो रामेछाप, रेडियो तामाकोशी, रेडियो कैरन र लिखु गरी ७ आेटा रेडियोहरू यस जिल्लामा प्रसारणा भइरहेका छन्। == सडक र उपयोग == रामेछाप जिल्लाका प्रायः सबैजसो प्रमुख बजारमा कच्ची सडक पुगेको छ। रामेछापमा हालसम्म ३४ किलोमिटर सडक बनेको तथ्याङक छ। रामेछापको सदरमुकाम मन्थली, रामेछाप डाँडा, साँघुटार, ठोसे, बाम्ती, बेताली, तिल्पुङ, सालु, र कोसी वारिका पनि सबैजसो भाग फुलासी, डडुवा, दोरम्बा, चौरी, गाल्बामा कच्ची नै सही सडक पुगेको छ। तर, यि सडकहरू तराईको चामल बेसाउने बाटोका रूपमा मात्र प्रयोग भइरहेका छन्। सडकलाई सही तरिकाले प्रयोग गर्दा रामेछापले आम्दानीका स्रोतहरू पनि पहिल्याउनुपर्ने हो तर राजधानीबाट सामान ओसार्ने तर राजधानीतिर केही नपठाउदा गाउँको अवस्था कष्टकर नै छ। == पर्यटन == पर्यटन रामेछापका लागि राम्रो अवसर हो। तर, साधन र स्रोतको उचित परिचालन हुन नसक्दा पर्यटन रामेछापका लागि परिचित हुन सकेको छैन। विश्वको सर्वोच्च शिखर सगरमाथा प्रवेश रामेछाप क्रस गरेपछि मात्र हुन्छ। नाम्चे, लुक्ला गए पछि्यटकहरूको एक रातको बसाई रामेछापकै शिवालय हो। लिखु, सुनकोसी, खिम्ती, तामाकोसीजस्ता नदीहरूमा र्‍याफि्टङ्ग सञ्चालन, ६९५८ मिटर अग्लो नुम्बुर हिमशृङ्खला, ३१०६ मिटर अग्लो तामेजस्ता क्षेत्रलाई पर्यटन क्षेत्रका रूपमा विकास गर्न सकिए रामेछापमा पर्यटन व्यवसाय बन्न सक्ने पक्का छन्। अझ पाँचपोखरी, जटापोखरीजस्ता क्षेत्रलाई पर्यटन रुटमा राख्न सक्ने हो भने राजधानीबाट ६ घण्टाको दूरीमा रहेको ऐतिहासिक बजार ठोसे जस्ता क्षेत्र पर्यटनका लागि उपयुक्त हुन सक्दछ। रामेछापमा प्राकृतिक, जल, हिमाली र धार्मिक पर्यटन प्रवर्द्धनका लागि धेरै काम गर्न सकिने अवस्था विद्यमान छ। यसका लागि रामेछापका केही युवाको पहलमा ठोसे-पाँचपोखरी पर्यटन विकास समिति गठन गरी केही प्रचारात्मक क्रियाकलापको सुरूवात भने भएको छ। यसमा सम्बद्ध निकायले उचित ध्यान पुर्‍याउने हो भने रामेछापको आर्थिक विकासमा महत्त्वपूर्ण सावित हुने पक्का छ। == शिक्षा र स्वास्थ्य == तथ्याङ्कहरूलाई हेर्ने हो भने रामेछापमा ३९.४ प्रतिशत जनता साक्षर छन्। यसमा ६ वर्ष मुनिका बालबालिका समेटिएको छैन। यसमा २६.६ प्रतिशत महिला र ५३.८ प्रतिशत पुरुष साक्षर रहेको तथ्याङक छ। चार वर्षअघि अर्थात २०६० सालमा रामेछापमा विद्यालय सङ्ख्या ४०८ थियो भने विद्यार्थी सङ्ख्या ५८,४४० र शिक्षक सङ्ख्या १,१८५ जना रहेको छ। यसमा अहिले खासै परिवर्तन आइसकेको छैन। त्यसो त पछिल्लो समयमा उच्च मावि र क्याम्पसहरू खुल्ने क्रम तीब्र छ। त्यसैले शैक्षिक रूपमा रामेछापमा राम्रै विकास भएको मान्न सकिन्छ। स्वास्थ्य क्षेत्रमा रामेछापमा स्वास्थ्य संस्थाहरूको सङ्ख्या ५५ वटा रहेको छ। अर्थात एक गाविस एक स्वास्थ्य केन्द्र रहेको देखिन्छ। यस हिसावमा ३,८६२ जना बराबर एउटा स्वास्थ्य संस्था रामेछापेली जनताले पाएका छन्। रामेछापमा परिवार नियोजनको साथ प्रयोग गर्नेको सङ्ख्या २२.४५ प्रतिशत रहेको छ। रामेछापमा पहिलो विवाह गर्दाको औषत उमेर महिलाको १९.७५ र पुरुषको २२.०९ वर्ष रहेको पाइन्छ। बालबिवाह रामेछापमा अझै ०.९२ प्रतिशत रहेको देखिन्छ। यसमा १० देखि १४ वर्षका बालकालिका रहेका छन्। रामेछाप मध्यमाञ्चलकै सबभन्दा कम वाषिर्क जनसङ्ख्या वृद्धिदर भएको जिल्ला पनि हो। यहाँ जनसङ्ख्या वृद्धिदर १.२२ मात्र रहेको छ। रामेछापका ३४.९ प्रतिशतले शौचालय प्रयो गर्ने गरेको पुरानो तथ्याङ्क छ। यो प्रतिशत अहिले झण्डै ६५ माथि पुगेको अनुमान गरिएको छ। र, अन्त्यमा माथि तथ्याङ्कहरू मात्र विश्लेषण गरियो। तथ्याङ्कहरू विकासका आधार होइनन् किनभने नेपालमा विकासका नाममा प्रस्ताव लेख्ने र प्रतिवेदन मात्र लेख्ने चलन छ। त्यसैले कागजी तथ्याङ्कहरू विकास नभए पनि तयार गरिन्छ र गरिएको छ। त्यही तथ्याङ्कहरू हुन माथि उल्लेख गरिएका। तर, विकासका लागि साँच्चै इमान्दार भएर लाग्ने हो भने रामेछाप यति सम्पन्न छ कि देशलाई नै धनी बनाउन सकिने अवस्था छ। हिजो हाम्रा पुर्खाले ठोसेबाट फलाम र तामा निकालेर तिब्बतसम्म व्यापार गरेका थिए। तर, अहिले हामी सिलाङको फलाम प्रयोग गरिरहेका छौं। उब्जनीयुक्त हजारौ रोपनी जमिन बाँझो छ, हामी भारतबाट आयातित चामल र तरकारी उपभोग गरिरहेका छौं। यसलाई त्याग्न सक्नु पहिलो अवश्यकता हो। तरकारी र फलफूल उत्पादन गरेर हामी राजधानीलाई बेच्न सक्ने भौगोलिक दूरीमा छौ। दर्जनौ नदीनाला छन्। विद्युत हामीले केन्द्रीय प्रसारण लाईनबाट बालिरहेका र्छौ। यसका लागि स्थानीय नदी र खोला प्रयोग गर्ने हो भने हामी विद्युत बेच्न सक्छौ हामीलाई केन्द्रीय प्रसारणबाट विद्युत लिनुपर्ने आवश्यकता रहन्न। नदीहरू वा नदी किनारमा माछा पालेरै भए पनि आर्थिक उपार्जन गर्न सक्छौ। महत्त्वपूर्ण औषधीय गुणयुक्त जडीबुटी रामेछापमा वनजङ्गलमा खेर गइरहेका छन्। यहाँसम्मकी पाँचपोखरी क्षेत्रमा यार्सागुम्बासमेत पाइने गरेको छ। यसलाई हामीले उपयोग गर्न सकिने प्रवल सम्भावनाहरू छन्। सूचना प्रविधिको प्रयोग गरेर हामीले हाम्रा उत्पादनहरूको बजार खोज्न सक्ने सम्भावना विकास भइसकेको अवस्थामा अब सधैं परनिर्भर भएर बस्नु हुन्न। आर्थिक विपन्नताका कारण खाडीको बालुवामा बगिरहेको रामेछापेलीको पसिना आफ्नै माटोमा बगाउने हो भने हामी सधैंका लागि सम्पन्न हुने निश्चित छ। तर, खाडीमा पसिना बगाएर जम्मा गरेको रकम भारतीय चामल र तरकारी किन्नमा प्रयोग हुने अहिलेको अवस्था कायम रहे न त हामी सम्पन्न नै हुनेछौ त न हाम्रो विकासक्रमले गति नै लिनेछ। त्यसैले सिर्जनशील भएर आफ्नै माटोमा पसिना बगाउन सकिने वातावरणतिर हामी जहाँ जुन अवस्थामा रहेपनि आजैबाट सोच्नु जरुरी भइसकेको छ। ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} ==यो पनि हेर्नुहोस== {{रामेछाप जिल्लाका गाविसहरू}} {{नेपालका जिल्लाहरू}} ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} ==बाह्य कडीहरू== {{incubator|kip/रामेछाप जिल्ला| http://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wp/kip/जीम_पाल खाम भाषाको विकिपिडिया}} [[श्रेणी:नेपालका जिल्लाहरू]] [[श्रेणी:बागमती प्रदेशका जिल्लाहरू]] cdwly8viu8911udeeb7i3azviby4n0j 1365981 1365980 2026-07-14T06:57:49Z पर्वत सुवेदी 31224 1365981 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | type = [[नेपालका जिल्लाहरू|जिल्ला]] | name = रामेछाप जिल्ला | native_name = रामेछाप | native_name_lang = ne | nickname = | motto = | image_skyline = Pancha Pokhari,Ramechhap130811IMG 23560005.JPG | imagesize = 300 | image_alt = | image_caption = रामेछापको पञ्चपोखरी | image_map = Ramechap Bagmati locator.png | mapsize = 300 | map_alt = | map_caption = प्रदेशमा जिल्लाको अवस्थिति | image_map1 = | mapsize1 = 300 | map_alt1 = | map_caption1 = स्थानीय तह सहितको रामेछापको नक्सा | coordinates = | coordinates_footnotes = | subdivision_type = देश | subdivision_name = {{NPL}} | subdivision_type1 = [[नेपालका प्रदेशहरू|प्रदेश]] | subdivision_name1 = [[बागमती प्रदेश]] | parts_type = [[नेपालका स्थानीय तहहरू|स्थानीय तह]] | parts_style = coll | p1 = | p2 = | established_title = स्थापना | established_date = | seat_type = प्रशासकीय सदरमुकाम | seat = [[मन्थली नगरपालिका|मन्थली]] | leader_title = प्रमुख | leader_name = | leader_party = | leader_title1 = उप-प्रमुख | leader_name1 = | leader_title2 = [[प्रतिनिधि सभा (नेपाल)|प्रतिनिधि सभा निर्वाचन क्षेत्र]] | leader_name2 = | leader_title3 = [[प्रदेश सभा (नेपाल)|प्रदेश सभा निर्वाचन क्षेत्र]] | leader_name3 = | government_footnotes = | government_type = [[जिल्ला समन्वय समिति]] | governing_body = [[जिल्ला समन्वय समिति|जिसस]], रामेछाप | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 1546 | area_note = | area_rank = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | elevation_min_m = | elevation_max_m = | population_footnotes = | population_total = 172767 | population_as_of = २०७८ | population_density_km2 = auto | population_note = | population_rank = | blank_name_sec1 = [[नेपालका भाषाहरू|मुख्य भाषा(हरू)]] | blank_info_sec1 = नेपाली, मगर, सुनुवार, तामाङ, नेवारी र हायू | blank_name_sec2 = [[नेपालका भाषाहरू|आधिकारिक भाषा(हरू)]] | blank_info_sec2 = [[नेपाली भाषा|नेपाली]] | timezone1 = [[नेपाली समय]] | utc_offset1 = +०५:४५ | postal_code_type = हुलाक कोड | postal_code = | area_code_type = टेलिफोन कोड | area_code = | website = {{URL|http://www.ddcramechhap.gov.np/}} | footnotes = }} '''रामेछाप''' [[नेपाल]]को [[मध्यमाञ्चल विकास क्षेत्र|मध्यमाञ्चल]] विकास क्षेत्र, [[जनकपुर अञ्चल]]मा अवस्थित एक दुर्गम पहाडी जिल्ला हो। राजधानीसमेत रहेको मध्यमाञ्चल विकास क्षेत्रका १९औं जिल्लामा पर्ने रामेछाप सेवा सुविधाको हिसावले एक विकट क्षेत्र हो। राजधानी छोएको [[काभ्रेपलान्चोक जिल्ला|काभ्रेपलाञ्चोक जिल्ला]], चीनसँग सीमा जोडिएका [[दोलखा जिल्ला|दोलखा]] र [[ओखलढुङ्गा जिल्ला]] र तराई छोएको [[सिन्धुली जिल्ला]]को बीचको १,५४६ वर्ग किलोमिटरको यो जिल्ला पर्याप्त स्रोत र साधन भएर पनि उपेक्षित अवस्थामै छ। रामेछापलाई तीन लालको जिल्ला भनेर पनि चिन्ने गरिन्छ। नेपाली साहित्यका प्रथम शहीद सुब्बा [[कृष्णलाल अधिकारी]], शहीद [[गङ्गालाल श्रेष्ठ]] र [[नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी]]का संस्थापक महासचिव [[पुष्पलाल श्रेष्ठ]]को जन्म रामेछापमै भएको हो। रामेछापले नेपाली राजनीति, कला, साहित्य, उद्योगी, व्यापारी, विद्वान, साँस्कृतिककर्मी, सञ्चारकर्मी सबै प्रतिभा जन्माएको छ। भौगोलिक हिसावमा भन्ने हो भने रामेछाप जनकपुर अञ्चलका ६ जिल्ला मध्येको एक हो। विक्रम संवत् २०५६ को विकेन्द्रीकरण नियमावलीअनुसार अहिले यो जिल्ला दुर्गमको कोटीमै पर्दछ। यस जिल्लाको भौगोलिक विस्तार २७ डिग्री २८' उत्तरी अक्षांशदेखि २७ डिग्री ५०' उत्तरसम्म र ८५ डिग्री ५०' पूर्वी देशान्तरदेखि ८६ डिग्री ३५' पूर्वसम्म छ। मध्य [[महाभारत पर्वत शृङ्खला|महाभारत पर्वत शृङ्खला]]देखि उच्च हिमाली शृङ्खलासम्म विस्तारित रामेछाप जिल्लाको भू-बनोट समुद्री सतहदेखि ४२६ मिटरको उचाइदेखि ६,९५८ मिटरको नुम्बुर हिमचुलीसम्म फैलिएको छ। कुल ५५ गाविस रहेको रामेछापलाई ११ इलाका र २ निर्वाचन क्षेत्रमा विभक्त गरिएको छ। विसं १८३६ देखि विसं २०४६ सम्म कहिले गौडा, गोश्वारा कहिले बडा हाकिमको अड्डा, कहिले अञ्चल स्तरीय प्रशासनिक निकाय, कहिले जिल्ला स्तरीय प्रशासनिक स्थलको रूपमा २१० वर्षको इतिहास वोकेर बसेको रामेछाप सदरमुकाम सरी २०४५ साल देखि विधिवत रूपमा मन्थलीमा रहँदै आएको छ। == जिल्लाको नामाकरण == रामेछाप जिल्लाको नाम किन, कसरि र कहिले देखि रामेछाप रहन गयो भन्ने सन्दर्भमा एक रोचक विषय भएता पनि रामेछाप वासीको विचारमा यस वारेमा विवधता पाइन्छ। * हालको रामेछाप डाँडाँको वरिपरि प्राचीन कालदेखि (हालसम्म) तामाङ जातिको वाहुल्यता रहेको पाइन्छ। तामाङ् भाषामा 'रा' भनेको भेडा बाख्रा, 'मे' भनेको गाई गोरु र 'छाप' भनेको चरण क्षेत्र वा खर्क भन्ने जनाउँदछ। तामाङहरूले रामेछाप डाँडाको मुख्य भागलाई आफ्नो भाषामा रामेछाप भनेर भेडा बाख्रा र गाई गोरुको चरणक्षेत्र भन्ने अर्थमा प्रयोग गरेकोले त्यस ठाउँको नाम रामेछाप रहन गएको मान्न सकिन्छ। * यसै गरी स्थानीय किम्बदन्ति अनुसार इतिहासको कुनै समयमा रामेछापको मुख्य स्थान हालको रामेछाप डाँडाँको वरिपरि [[तामाङ जाति]]को वस्ती रहेको (हालसम्मरहेको) र त्यहाँ राम नाम गरेको एकजना तामाङले तत्कालिन राजाबाट त्यस स्थानको मुख्तीयारिको रूपमा विर्ता पाएको र उसबाट नै त्यस स्थानको भोगचलन र छाप समेत चल्दथ्यो। राम भन्ने त्यसै व्यक्तिको छाप चल्ने भएको कारण अन्यत्रबाट त्यहाँ आई वसोवास गर्ने मानिसहरूले राम भन्ने व्यक्तिबाट छाप (जग्गा जमिन भोग चलन गर्ने अधिकार) प्राप्त गरी वसोवास गर्ने गरेको र दुवै शव्द राम छाप संयुक्त रूपमा प्रयोग गर्दा अपभ्रंश भई कालान्तरमा रामेछाप नाम हुन गएको भनि मान्न सकिन्छ। == भौगोलिक अवस्था == * अक्षांश:- २७ डिग्री २८' उत्तर देखि २७ डिग्री ५०' उत्तरसम्म * देशान्तरः- ८५ डिग्री ५०' पूर्व देखि ८६ डिग्री ३५' पूर्वसम्म * सबभन्दा अग्लो स्थान:- ६,९५८ मिटरको नुम्बुर हिमचुली * सबभन्दा होचो स्थान:- ४२६ मिटर कोलोन्जोरघाट * सिमाना:- पूर्व- [[ओखलढुङ्गा जिल्ला|ओखलढुङ्गा]] र [[सोलुखुम्बु जिल्ला|सोलुखुम्बु]], पश्चिम- [[सिन्धुपाल्चोक जिल्ला|सिन्धुपाल्चोक]] र [[काभ्रेपलान्चोक जिल्ला|काभ्रेपलाञ्चोक]], उत्तर-[[दोलखा जिल्ला|दोलखा]], दक्षिण-[[सिन्धुली जिल्ला|सिन्धुली]] * क्षेत्रफल:- १,५४६ वर्ग किलोमिटर * अवस्थिति:- मध्यपहाड * औसत लम्बाइ:- भौगोलिक रूपमा हेर्दा रामेछाप हलो अथवा मोजा आकारको देखिन्छ। रामेछापको सबैभन्दा कम उचाइ भएको स्थान लिखु र सुनकोसीको संगम कोलोन्जोरघाट (४२६ मिटर) हो भने सबैभन्दा उच्च भाग नुम्बुर हिमचुली (६,९५८ मिटर) हो। रामेछाप पहाडी जिल्ला भए पनि तामाकोसी, सुनकोसी, लिखु, खिम्ती, चौरीजस्ता खोला र नदीले बनाएका स-साना उर्वरा फाँटहरू पनि प्रशस्तै छन्। रजमनटार, मुँगीटार, द्यौरालीटार, जखनीटार, सित्खाटार, टारीखेत, खिम्तीबेसी, विर्ताटार आदि स्थान उत्पादन र बसाईका लागि उत्तम मानिएको छ। रामेछापमा ३,१४८ मिटर अग्लो गिद्धे डाँडा, २,२९५ मिटर अग्लो अग्लेश्वरडाँडा, २,४२० मिटरको दमकोटीडाँडा, ३,१४८ मिटर अग्लो सैलुङ्गेडाँडा, ३,१०६ मिटर अग्लो तामेडाँडाजस्ता हिमाली तथा पहाडी डाँडाकाँडा रहेका छन्। यो जिल्ला रामादिङचुली ६,२५८ मिटर, ५,५०२ मिटर अग्लो गोकुलचुली, ६,७५७ मिटर अग्लो लिखुचुली, ६,६७८ मिटर अग्लो गाकोशिर जस्ता हिमालय शृङ्खलाहरूले सजिएको छ। यहाँ ८ सय मिटर उचाइमा रहेको [[मन्थली]]बजार, १३७८ मिटर उचाइको रामेछाप बजार, ४९५ मिटरमा रहेको आकाशे, ८ सय मिटरकै उचाइमा अवस्थित [[साँघुटार]], १७ मिटर उचाइमा रहेको ठोसेबजार, १८ मिटर उचाइको गाल्वाभन्ज्याङ्ग र १८ सय मिटरकै उचाइमा रहेको धोवीबजार यहाँका मुख्य बजार क्षेत्र हुन्। यद्यपि हाल आएर शिवालय, बेताली, बाम्तीभण्डार आदि स्थान पनि बजार बनिसकेको छ। रामेछापका उल्लेखित क्षेत्रमा फलाम, तामा, स्लेट आदि खानीको भण्डार रहेको छ। == प्रशासनिक विभाजन == जिल्लामा दुई नगरपालिका र ६ गाउँपालिकाहरू गरि ८ वटा [[नेपालमा स्थानीय सरकार|स्थानीय तह]]हरू रहेका छन्।<ref>{{cite web |title=स्थानिय तह |url=https://sthaniya.gov.np/gis/ |access-date=२० असोज २०८२ |publisher=सङ्घीय मामिला तथा सामान्य प्रशासन मन्त्रालय |language=नेपाली}}</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" |+रामेछाप जिल्लाका स्थानीय तहहरू !क्रम !स्थानीय तहहरू !समावेश गाविसहरू !वडा सङ्ख्या !केन्द्र !जनसङ्ख्या ([[नेपालको बाह्रौँ राष्ट्रिय जनगणना, २०७८|वि.सं २०७८]]) !क्षेत्रफल (वर्ग किमी) !जनघनत्व (वर्ग किमी) |- |१ |[[रामेछाप नगरपालिका]] |[[रामेछाप, रामेछाप|रामेछाप]], [[सुकाजोर]], [[ओख्रेनी]], [[गोठगाउँ]], [[देउराली, रामेछाप|देउराली]], [[साँघुटार]], [[हिमगङ्गा]] र [[रामपुर, रामेछाप|रामपुर]] |९ |[[रामेछाप, रामेछाप|रामेछाप]] |२४,९७१ |२०२.४५ |१२० |- |२ |[[मन्थली नगरपालिका]] |[[मन्थली]], [[भलुवाजोर]], [[सुनारपानी]], [[कठजोर]], [[भटौली]], [[चिसापानी, रामेछाप|चिसापानी]] र [[सालु]], [[गेलु]], [[चनखु]], [[पुरानागाउँ]] र [[फुलासी]] |१४ |[[मन्थली]] |३९,६३४ |२११.७८ |१९० |- |३ |[[उमाकुण्ड गाउँपालिका]] |[[गुम्देल]], [[बाम्ती भण्डार]], [[कुबुकस्थली]], [[प्रिती, रामेछाप|प्रिती]], [[गुप्तेश्वर, रामेछाप|गुप्तेश्वर]] र [[भुजी]] |७ |[[प्रिती, रामेछाप|प्रिती]] |१६,५९० |४५१.९९ |३७ |- |४ |[[खाँडादेवी गाउँपालिका]] |[[राकाथुम]], [[मझुवा]], [[भीरपानी]], [[पकरबास]], [[माकादुम]], [[गागल भदौरे]], [[पिङ्खुरी]] र [[खाँडादेवी]] |९ |[[माकादुम]] |१९,३१२ |१५०.०७ |१३० |- |५ |[[गोकुलगङ्गा गाउँपालिका]] |[[चुचुरे]], [[ठोसे]], [[रस्नालु]], [[बेताली]], [[नामाडी]] र [[फर्पु]] |६ |[[रस्नालु]] |१७,७९८ |१९८.४ |९० |- |६ |[[दोरम्बा शैलुङ गाउँपालिका]] |[[डडुवा]], [[दोरम्बा]], [[टोकरपुर]], [[गोश्वारा]], [[लखनपुर]] र [[गुन्सी भदौरे]] (८-९) |७ |[[टोकरपुर]] |१७,६८६ |१४०.८८ |१३० |- |७ |[[लिखु तामाकोशी गाउँपालिका]] |[[दुरागाउँ]], [[सैपु]], [[बिजुलीकोट]], [[नागदह]], [[खिम्ती]] र [[तिल्पुङ]] |७ |धोबी बजार |१८,३२५ |१२४.५१ |१५० |- |८ |[[सुनापती गाउँपालिका]] |[[दिमिपोखरी]], [[गुन्सी भदौरे]] (१-७), [[बेथान]], [[हिलेदेवी]] र [[खनियापानी]] |५ |[[हिलेदेवी]] |१४,६५८ |८६.९८ |१७० |} [[चित्र:रामेछाप जिल्लाका गाविसहरू.png|अङ्गुठाकार|रामेछाप जिल्लाका पूर्व गाविसहरूको नक्सा]] == हावापानी र भू-उपयोग == उचाइको विविधतासँगै रामेछापको हावापानी र भू-उपयोगमा पनि प्रभाव परेको देखिन्छ। ४२६को कोलोन्जोरबाट सुरू भएको रामेछापको भूबनोट ६९५८ सम्मको उचाइसम्म पुग्दा विविध खाले हावापानी पाइन्छ। रामेछापको दक्षिणी भागमा अत्यधिक गर्मी हुने गर्दछ भने उत्तरी भाग निकै उचाइमा रहेकाले अत्यन्त चिसो क्षेत्र मानिन्छ। यस जिल्लाको औषत वाषिर्क तापक्रम ११.९ ० सेन्टिग्रेट र वर्षा मीमीसम्म रहेको छ। यसरी हावापानीको विविधता र लेकबेसीयुक्त भू-बनोटका कारण रामेछापमा २१.४९ प्रतिशत मात्र जमित खेतीयोग्य मानिएको छ। यहाँका २७.७६ प्रतिशत क्षेत्र वनजङ्गलले ढाकेको छ। यहाँका २४.३२ प्रतिशत क्षेत्र घाँसे तथा चरण क्षेत्र र १० प्रतिशत भाग चट्टान तथा हिउँले ढाकेको छ भने १५.८३ प्रतिशत क्षेत्रमा मानव वस्ती तथा बाँझो रहेको छद्ध। यस जिल्लाका जनताको जीवनयापन कृषि नै हो। बस्तुभाउ पाल्नु र कृषिमा लाग्नु यहाँका जनताको दैनिकी हो। रामेछापमा खेतीका रूपमा धान, मकै, कोदो, फापर, गहुँ आदि हुने गर्दछ। फलफूलतर्फ जुनार रामेछापको प्रसिद्ध छ तर अन्य फलफूल पनि प्रशस्तै हुने गर्दछ। रामेछापमा कुल कृषियोग्य जमिन मध्ये सिँचित क्षेत्र २७.६९ प्रतिशत मात्र रहेको छ। == नदीनालाहरू == [[चित्र:Lubhu.jpg|thumb|200px|right|[[सुनकोशी नदी]]को किनारमा रहेको लुभु गाउँ]] रामेछाप जिल्ला दुवैतिर ठूला नदीले घेरिएको जिल्ला हो। रामेछापको ओखलढुंगा र सोलुखुम्बूसँगको सीमा (लिखु) वा [[लिखु नदी|लिकु]] खोलाले छुट्टाएको छ भने दोलखा, सिन्धुली र काभ्रेपलाञ्चोकसँगको सीमा क्षेत्रमा खिम्ती, तामाकोसी, सुनसकोसी, चौरीजस्ता खोलाले सीमाको काम गरेका छन्। रामेछापमा तामाकोसी, सुनकोसी, लिखु, खिम्तीजस्ता ठूला नदी पर्दछन् भने चौरी, मिल्ती, भटौली, बाफर, चुलुपे, खानीखोला, दोर्जे खोला, सोत्रे खोला, चौलाखोलाजस्ता मध्यम नदीहरू पनि पर्दछन्। पानीको हिसाव गर्दा रामेछापमा विद्यूत उत्पादनको बलियो सम्भावना रहेको छ। हाल ६० मेगावाटको खिम्ती-१ निर्माण भइसकेको छ। रामेछापमा रहेका नदी तथा खेलाहरूमा विद्युत गृह निर्माणका लागि दर्जन बढी परियोजना प्रस्तावित अवस्थामा रहेका छन्। यस जिल्लामा साना तथा ठूला विद्युत परियोजना सञ्चालन गर्न सकिने प्रचुर सम्भावनाहरू रहेका छन्। लिखु १, २, ३ र ४ जस्ता परियोजनाहरूको काम धमाधम भइरहेको छ। २०५८को तथ्याङ्क हेर्ने हो भने रामेछापका ७ प्रतिशत जनताले मात्र विद्युत प्रयोग गरेको पाइन्छ। यद्यपि अहिले यसमा केही परिवर्तन आइसकेको छ। == खनिज पदार्थहरू == रामेछापमा रहेको अथाह खनिज पदार्थ उपयोग हुन नसक्नु नै रामेछापको दुर्भाग्य बनेको छ। रामेछाप खनिज पदार्थको भण्डार हो तर उपयोग हुन नसक्दा रामेछापबासी गरीबीमा पिल्सनु परेको छ। ठोसे, चुचुरे, रस्नालु, बेताली, गुप्तेश्वर, पि्रति र कुभुकाँस्थली गाविसका अधिकांश स्थानमा फलामखानी रहेका छन्। ठोसेमा १९२१ देखि फलाखानी सञ्चालनसमेत भएको थियो। तर, उन्नत प्रविधि र लगानी अभावमा अहिले त्यो बन्द छ। यो नेपालकै दोस्रो ठूलो फलाम खानी हो। यहाँबाट उत्पादन गरिएका फलामबाट बनेका विभिन्न स्थानमा झोलुङ्गे पल र अन्य संरचना भने अझै जीवितै छन्। विगतमा स्वाभिमानी पुर्खाहरूले सञ्चालन गरेका खानीहरूले अहिले खानीविनाका खानीगाउँहरू बनिर साधारण नेपालीलाई धिक्कारी रहेको छ। विगतमा खानी सञ्चालन हुँदा प्रयोग भएका औजारहरूले अहिले पनि नयाँ प्रविधि र लगानीको माग गरिरहेको छ। तर सम्बद्ध पक्षले ध्यान दिन सकेको छैन। बरु कमिसनको खेलमा विदेशबाट आयात गरिएको फलामे फालीले ठोसेबासी आफ्नो बारी जोत्न बाध्य छन्। अझ तामालाई ईश्वरको प्रतिक धातु मानेर खुट्टाले छोएमा पनि विष्णु १ विष्णु ११ भन्ने संस्कारमै रहेका रामेछापबासी तामाखानीमाथि घर बनाएर विदेशी तामाको पाताबाट निर्मित ताम्रापत्रमा छोरीको विवाहमा गोडा धुन बाध्य छन्। रामेछापमा भदौरेमा तामाखानी, भूजी तथा दूरागाउँमा मार्वल र म्याग्नेसाइट खानीयुक्त मानिन्छ। खाँडादेवी, गुप्तेश्वर, तथा भूजीमा उच्च कोटीका स्लेट खानी छ। तर, मात्र छैन, उपयुक्त नीति, प्रविधि, सीप र इच्छाशक्ति। यहाँका खानी र पानी उपयोग गर्ने हो भने रामेछापकौ कायाँपलट मात्र होइन देशकै मुहार फेर्न सकिने अवस्था छ। == जनसङ्ख्या, जातजाति, भाषाभाषी र धर्म == राष्ट्रिय जनगणना २०५८ अनुसार रामेछाप जसङ्ख्या २,१२,४०८ रहेको छ। जसमा महिला १,११,५५५ र पुरुष १,००,८५३ यसमा ५ वर्षमुनीको जनसङ्ख्या २६,४०९ भने ७५ वर्ष र सो भन्दा माथिको जनसङ्ख्या ४,०३६ रहेको छ। यस जिल्लामा घरपरिवार सङ्ख्या ४०,३८६, औसत परिवार सदस्य सङ्ख्या : ५.२६ , जनघनत्व -प्रति वर्ग कि.मि.) १३७ जना, बाषिर्क जनसङ्ख्या बृद्धिदर १.२२ प्रतिशत, शहरी जनसङ्ख्या -प्रतिशत), पुरुष माहिला अनुपात ९०.४१ छ। नेपालको जनसङ्ख्यामा जिल्लाको अंश ०.९२ प्रतिशत छ भने आश्रति जनसङ्ख्या जम्मा १०२.३४ प्रतिशत रहेको छ। बालबालिका -उमेर ० -१४ वर्ष) : ८५.१६ र बृद्धबृद्धा -उमेर ६० वर्ष भन्दा माथि) १७.१८ रहेको छ। राष्ट्रिय जनगणना २०५८ अनुसार रामेछापमा प्रमुख पाँच जातजातिको जनसङ्ख्या क्षेत्री २६.४४, तामाङ, २०.५६, नेवार १४.०९ , मगर १०.९२, ब्राह्ममण ५.६३, र [[सुनुवार जाति|सुनुवार]] ३.७३ रहेका छन्। भाषागत रूपमा हेर्दा यहाँ ५६.६० प्रतिशतले नेपाली बोल्छन् भने १९.७४ प्रतिशतले तामाङ, ७.०१ प्रतिशतले नेवारी, ६.९८ प्रतिशतले मगर र ३.७३ प्रतिशतले [[सुनुवार भाषा]] बोल्ने गर्दछन्। यो जिल्लामा ६८.०६ प्रतिशतले हिन्दु धर्म मान्ने गरेको पाइएको छ भने २८.२९ प्रतिशतले बौद्ध, १.९५ प्रतिशतले [[किराँत जाति|किराँत]], ०.४३ प्रतिशतले क्रिश्चियन, ०.०२ प्रतिशतले मुस्लिम र १.२४ प्रतिशतले अन्य धर्म मान्ने गरेका छन्। == सामाजिक र आर्थिक अवस्था == रामेछापमा विविध जाति, संस्कृति र भाषाभाषीको बसोबास रहेको र भौगोलिक अवस्थितिसमेत विविधतायुक्त रहेकाले यहाँको सामाजिक तथा आर्थिक अवस्था पनि विविधतायुक्त रहेको छ। रामेछापमा करिब दश प्रतिशत आर्थिक रूपमा उच्च वर्गमा पर्ने समूह रहेको छ। यो समूह रामेछाप स्थायी निवासी भए पनि अहिले राजधानीमा बसोबास गर्ने समूह हो। जिल्लाको अधिकांश जमिनको हिस्सा ओगट्ने यो वर्गले जिल्लाको राजनीति तथा अन्य क्रियाकलापमा समेत प्रभाव पार्ने गरेको देखिन्छ। तर, यो वर्गले जिल्लाको विकासमा भने खासै चासो राखेको पाइँदैन। त्यस्तै अर्को वर्ग हो, मध्यम वर्ग। रामेछापमा यो वर्ग १५ प्रतिशत मात्र रहेको मानिन्छ। जिल्लाभित्र र तराईमा समेत जग्गा जमित जोडिसकेको यो समूह स्थायी रूपमा राजधानीमा बसोबास गर्दछन्। जिल्लाको राजनीति र अन्य प्रक्रियामा चासो राख्ने यो समूह जिल्लाले प्राप्त गरेको उपयुक्त अवसर हात पार्ने मौकामा रहेको देखिन्छ। जिल्लाको विकासमा यो वर्गले खासै महत्त्व नदिएको भन्ने कुरा रामेछापको विकास गतिले पनि स्पष्ट पार्दछ। अर्को र साँच्चैको वर्ग भनेको रामेछापको निम्न वर्गको हो। रामेछापलाई अहिलेको स्थानसम्म ल्याउन उनीहरूको रगत, पसिना, श्रम, सीप र लगानीले नै काम गरेको छ भन्न सकिन्छ। सामाजिक रूपमा अपहेलित र आर्थिक रूपमा ज्यादै विपन्न यो वर्ग न त जिल्ला छोडेर कतै जान सकेको छ नत जिल्लामै केही गर्न सकेको छ। रामेछापका नाममा राष्ट्रिय राजनीतिमा महत्त्वपूर्ण पहुँच पञ्चालयकाल, बहुदलकाल र अहिलेसम्म कायमै छ। राष्ट्रिय तहको उच्च तहसम्म रामेछापेलीहरू पुगेका छन्। तर, जिल्लाका लागि उनीहरूबाट खासै योगदान भएको पाइँदैन। यहाँका विपन्न वर्गलाई जहिले पनि भोट बैङ्ककै रूपमा मात्र प्रयोग गर्ने उनीहरू भने राजधानीबासी भन्न रुचाउँछन्। सरकारको २०५८को तथ्याङ्कअनुसार रामेछापमा ७०.४४ प्रतिशत जनता आर्थिक दृष्टिले सक्षम मानिन्छन्। जसमा महिला ६९.८६ प्रतिशत र पुरुष ७१.१२ प्रतिशत रहेको छ। यहाँका जनताको मुख्य पेसा कृषि नै हो। यहाँका ८६.९१ प्रतिशत जनता कृषिमा निर्भर छन्। यसरी हेर्दा गैर कृषिमा १३.०९ प्रतिशत मात्र देखिन्छ। तर, केषिमा नयाँ प्रविधिको विकास र प्रयोग यहाँ भएको पाइँदैन। यो पनि गरीबीको कारण हो भन्न सकिन्छ। रामेछापमा तराईमा फलेका काउली र गोलभेंडा विक्री हुन्छन् तर त्यहीं उत्पादित जुनारले बजार पाएको छैन भने व्यवसायिक तरकारी खेती, जडीबुटी र फलफूल खेती हुन सकेको छैन। == सूचना प्रविधि र सञ्चार माध्यम == रामेछापमा पहिलो रेडियो हजुरको रेडियो १०२ थोप्लो १ हो भने पछिल्लो समयमा रेडियो तीनलाल एफएम, रेडियो तिफदी, रेडयो रामेछाप, रेडियो तामाकोशी, रेडियो कैरन र लिखु गरी ७ आेटा रेडियोहरू यस जिल्लामा प्रसारणा भइरहेका छन्। == सडक र उपयोग == रामेछाप जिल्लाका प्रायः सबैजसो प्रमुख बजारमा कच्ची सडक पुगेको छ। रामेछापमा हालसम्म ३४ किलोमिटर सडक बनेको तथ्याङक छ। रामेछापको सदरमुकाम मन्थली, रामेछाप डाँडा, साँघुटार, ठोसे, बाम्ती, बेताली, तिल्पुङ, सालु, र कोसी वारिका पनि सबैजसो भाग फुलासी, डडुवा, दोरम्बा, चौरी, गाल्बामा कच्ची नै सही सडक पुगेको छ। तर, यि सडकहरू तराईको चामल बेसाउने बाटोका रूपमा मात्र प्रयोग भइरहेका छन्। सडकलाई सही तरिकाले प्रयोग गर्दा रामेछापले आम्दानीका स्रोतहरू पनि पहिल्याउनुपर्ने हो तर राजधानीबाट सामान ओसार्ने तर राजधानीतिर केही नपठाउदा गाउँको अवस्था कष्टकर नै छ। == पर्यटन == पर्यटन रामेछापका लागि राम्रो अवसर हो। तर, साधन र स्रोतको उचित परिचालन हुन नसक्दा पर्यटन रामेछापका लागि परिचित हुन सकेको छैन। विश्वको सर्वोच्च शिखर सगरमाथा प्रवेश रामेछाप क्रस गरेपछि मात्र हुन्छ। नाम्चे, लुक्ला गए पछि्यटकहरूको एक रातको बसाई रामेछापकै शिवालय हो। लिखु, सुनकोसी, खिम्ती, तामाकोसीजस्ता नदीहरूमा र्‍याफि्टङ्ग सञ्चालन, ६९५८ मिटर अग्लो नुम्बुर हिमशृङ्खला, ३१०६ मिटर अग्लो तामेजस्ता क्षेत्रलाई पर्यटन क्षेत्रका रूपमा विकास गर्न सकिए रामेछापमा पर्यटन व्यवसाय बन्न सक्ने पक्का छन्। अझ पाँचपोखरी, जटापोखरीजस्ता क्षेत्रलाई पर्यटन रुटमा राख्न सक्ने हो भने राजधानीबाट ६ घण्टाको दूरीमा रहेको ऐतिहासिक बजार ठोसे जस्ता क्षेत्र पर्यटनका लागि उपयुक्त हुन सक्दछ। रामेछापमा प्राकृतिक, जल, हिमाली र धार्मिक पर्यटन प्रवर्द्धनका लागि धेरै काम गर्न सकिने अवस्था विद्यमान छ। यसका लागि रामेछापका केही युवाको पहलमा ठोसे-पाँचपोखरी पर्यटन विकास समिति गठन गरी केही प्रचारात्मक क्रियाकलापको सुरूवात भने भएको छ। यसमा सम्बद्ध निकायले उचित ध्यान पुर्‍याउने हो भने रामेछापको आर्थिक विकासमा महत्त्वपूर्ण सावित हुने पक्का छ। == शिक्षा र स्वास्थ्य == तथ्याङ्कहरूलाई हेर्ने हो भने रामेछापमा ३९.४ प्रतिशत जनता साक्षर छन्। यसमा ६ वर्ष मुनिका बालबालिका समेटिएको छैन। यसमा २६.६ प्रतिशत महिला र ५३.८ प्रतिशत पुरुष साक्षर रहेको तथ्याङक छ। चार वर्षअघि अर्थात २०६० सालमा रामेछापमा विद्यालय सङ्ख्या ४०८ थियो भने विद्यार्थी सङ्ख्या ५८,४४० र शिक्षक सङ्ख्या १,१८५ जना रहेको छ। यसमा अहिले खासै परिवर्तन आइसकेको छैन। त्यसो त पछिल्लो समयमा उच्च मावि र क्याम्पसहरू खुल्ने क्रम तीब्र छ। त्यसैले शैक्षिक रूपमा रामेछापमा राम्रै विकास भएको मान्न सकिन्छ। स्वास्थ्य क्षेत्रमा रामेछापमा स्वास्थ्य संस्थाहरूको सङ्ख्या ५५ वटा रहेको छ। अर्थात एक गाविस एक स्वास्थ्य केन्द्र रहेको देखिन्छ। यस हिसावमा ३,८६२ जना बराबर एउटा स्वास्थ्य संस्था रामेछापेली जनताले पाएका छन्। रामेछापमा परिवार नियोजनको साथ प्रयोग गर्नेको सङ्ख्या २२.४५ प्रतिशत रहेको छ। रामेछापमा पहिलो विवाह गर्दाको औषत उमेर महिलाको १९.७५ र पुरुषको २२.०९ वर्ष रहेको पाइन्छ। बालबिवाह रामेछापमा अझै ०.९२ प्रतिशत रहेको देखिन्छ। यसमा १० देखि १४ वर्षका बालकालिका रहेका छन्। रामेछाप मध्यमाञ्चलकै सबभन्दा कम वाषिर्क जनसङ्ख्या वृद्धिदर भएको जिल्ला पनि हो। यहाँ जनसङ्ख्या वृद्धिदर १.२२ मात्र रहेको छ। रामेछापका ३४.९ प्रतिशतले शौचालय प्रयो गर्ने गरेको पुरानो तथ्याङ्क छ। यो प्रतिशत अहिले झण्डै ६५ माथि पुगेको अनुमान गरिएको छ। र, अन्त्यमा माथि तथ्याङ्कहरू मात्र विश्लेषण गरियो। तथ्याङ्कहरू विकासका आधार होइनन् किनभने नेपालमा विकासका नाममा प्रस्ताव लेख्ने र प्रतिवेदन मात्र लेख्ने चलन छ। त्यसैले कागजी तथ्याङ्कहरू विकास नभए पनि तयार गरिन्छ र गरिएको छ। त्यही तथ्याङ्कहरू हुन माथि उल्लेख गरिएका। तर, विकासका लागि साँच्चै इमान्दार भएर लाग्ने हो भने रामेछाप यति सम्पन्न छ कि देशलाई नै धनी बनाउन सकिने अवस्था छ। हिजो हाम्रा पुर्खाले ठोसेबाट फलाम र तामा निकालेर तिब्बतसम्म व्यापार गरेका थिए। तर, अहिले हामी सिलाङको फलाम प्रयोग गरिरहेका छौं। उब्जनीयुक्त हजारौ रोपनी जमिन बाँझो छ, हामी भारतबाट आयातित चामल र तरकारी उपभोग गरिरहेका छौं। यसलाई त्याग्न सक्नु पहिलो अवश्यकता हो। तरकारी र फलफूल उत्पादन गरेर हामी राजधानीलाई बेच्न सक्ने भौगोलिक दूरीमा छौ। दर्जनौ नदीनाला छन्। विद्युत हामीले केन्द्रीय प्रसारण लाईनबाट बालिरहेका र्छौ। यसका लागि स्थानीय नदी र खोला प्रयोग गर्ने हो भने हामी विद्युत बेच्न सक्छौ हामीलाई केन्द्रीय प्रसारणबाट विद्युत लिनुपर्ने आवश्यकता रहन्न। नदीहरू वा नदी किनारमा माछा पालेरै भए पनि आर्थिक उपार्जन गर्न सक्छौ। महत्त्वपूर्ण औषधीय गुणयुक्त जडीबुटी रामेछापमा वनजङ्गलमा खेर गइरहेका छन्। यहाँसम्मकी पाँचपोखरी क्षेत्रमा यार्सागुम्बासमेत पाइने गरेको छ। यसलाई हामीले उपयोग गर्न सकिने प्रवल सम्भावनाहरू छन्। सूचना प्रविधिको प्रयोग गरेर हामीले हाम्रा उत्पादनहरूको बजार खोज्न सक्ने सम्भावना विकास भइसकेको अवस्थामा अब सधैं परनिर्भर भएर बस्नु हुन्न। आर्थिक विपन्नताका कारण खाडीको बालुवामा बगिरहेको रामेछापेलीको पसिना आफ्नै माटोमा बगाउने हो भने हामी सधैंका लागि सम्पन्न हुने निश्चित छ। तर, खाडीमा पसिना बगाएर जम्मा गरेको रकम भारतीय चामल र तरकारी किन्नमा प्रयोग हुने अहिलेको अवस्था कायम रहे न त हामी सम्पन्न नै हुनेछौ त न हाम्रो विकासक्रमले गति नै लिनेछ। त्यसैले सिर्जनशील भएर आफ्नै माटोमा पसिना बगाउन सकिने वातावरणतिर हामी जहाँ जुन अवस्थामा रहेपनि आजैबाट सोच्नु जरुरी भइसकेको छ। ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} ==यो पनि हेर्नुहोस== {{रामेछाप जिल्लाका गाविसहरू}} {{नेपालका जिल्लाहरू}} ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} ==बाह्य कडीहरू== {{incubator|kip/रामेछाप जिल्ला| http://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wp/kip/जीम_पाल खाम भाषाको विकिपिडिया}} [[श्रेणी:नेपालका जिल्लाहरू]] [[श्रेणी:बागमती प्रदेशका जिल्लाहरू]] 5hsr3xpn620t5vej5rdr2zlr0btzvl1 0 8846 1365952 1331892 2026-07-14T05:16:11Z Prakashphuyal30 79270 1365952 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Pp-vandalism|small=yes}} {{Infobox lake |lake_name = राराताल |image_lake = Rara lake 1.JPG |caption_lake = रारा तालको एक दृश्य |image_bathymetry = |caption_bathymetry = |location = [[मुगु जिल्ला]] |coords = {{coord|29.525721|82.0902106|region:NP_source:frwiki_type:waterbody|display=inline,title}} |type = |inflow = अज्ञात |outflow = |drainage =30km² |catchment = |basin_countries = [[नेपाल]] |length = ५.१ किलोमिटर |width = ३.२ किलोमिटर |area = १०.८ वर्ग किलोमिटर |mean-depth = १०० मिटर |max-depth = १६७ मिटर |volume = १ घन किलोमिटर |residence_time = |shore line = १४ किमी |elevation = २,९७२ मिटर |islands = |cities = }} '''राराताल''' ({{lang-en|[[:en:Rara Lake|Rara Lake]]}}) [[नेपाल]]को [[कर्णाली अञ्चल|कर्णाली]] अञ्चलको [[मुगु जिल्ला|मुगु]] जिल्लामा अवस्थित नेपालको सबैभन्दा गहिरो र प्रसिद्ध ताल हो । यो ताल समुद्र सतहदेखि २,९७२ मिटर उचाईंमा अवस्थित छ । जिल्लाको सदरमुकाम [[गमगढी]]बाट परिश्चम तर्फ करीब ३ घण्टाको पैदल यात्रा गरेपछि राराताल पुगिन्छ । १०.८ वर्ग किलोमिटर क्षेत्रफलमा फैलिएको रारा तालको अधिकतम लम्वाई ५ किलोमिटर र अधिकतम चौडाई ३.२ किलोमिटर छ भने गहिराई १६७ मिटर छ । प्रकृतिको उपहारको रूपमा श्रृजित राराताललाई [[रारा राष्ट्रिय निकुञ्ज]]को मनोरम हरियाली यसमा पाइने [[कस्तुरी मृग|कस्तुरी]], [[रतुवा]] जस्ता जन्तुहरूका साथै नेपालको राष्ट्रिय चरा [[डाँफे]] र अन्य चरा चुरुङ्गीहरूले समेत थप शोभा पुर्याएका छन् । यसको वरिपरि विस्तारित राष्ट्रिय निकुञ्ज १०६ वर्ग किलोमिटर क्षेत्रफलमा फैलिएको छ । ==प्राकृतिक सौन्दर्यता== दिनभरीमा आफ्नो रुप फेरिरहने राराताल जेष्ठ देखि आश्विन महिना सम्म विभिन्न फुलहरूले सजिएर स्वर्गकी अप्सरा जस्तै देखिन्छ। रारातालको अर्को एक थप विशेषता के छ भने यस तालमा विश्वमा अन्यत्र कहि पनि नपाइने असला (हिमाली) माछा पाइन्छ। रारातालबाट करीब ३ घण्टाको पैदल यात्रा पश्चात् यसको पश्चिमतर्फ रहेको मुर्माटपमा पुग्न सकिन्छ । जहाँबाट रारातालको मनमोहक दृष्यका साथै [[साइपाल हिमाल|सैपाल]] हिमालको श्रृङखलाको मनोरम अवलोकन गर्न सकिन्छ । यस तालमा [[सिस्ने हिमाल]] र [[कान्जिरोवा हिमाल]]को मनोरम दृश्य देखिनाको साथै अन्यत्र कहीं नपाइने 'असला' जातको माछा पाइन्छ। ==नामकरण== [[महेन्द्र वीरविक्रम शाह|राजा महेन्द्र शाह]]ले २०२० सालमा यस क्षेत्रको भ्रमण गरेपछि पहिलेका दिनहरूमा '''रारा दह''' भनेर चिनिंदै आएको यस तालको नाम '''महेन्द्र ताल''' राखेका थिए । == जलवायु == ग्रीष्म ऋतुमा रारा ताल निकै सुन्दर छ तर जाडो हुन्छ। सबैभन्दा उत्तम भ्रमण गर्ने  समय सेप्टेम्बर / अक्टोबर र अप्रिलदेखि मईसम्म हुन्छ। डिसेम्बरदेखि मार्च सम्म तापमान पनि जम्ने  प्वाइन्ट भन्दा  तल झर्छ। हिउँद मा भने १ मिटर सम्मको हिउँ पर्ने गरेको छ । बर्खा याम मा भने ८० मिलिमिटर सम्म को पानी परेको पर्ने गरेको छ  सामान्यतया तालको सतहको तापमान ७.५ देखि ७.६ डिग्री सेल्सियस सम्म हुने गरेको छ।<ref>[http://www.prasantbhatt.com/travel/nepal/lakes/rara-lake-trek/ Rara Lake Nepal | Complete Trekking Guide, Map, Cost of living Nepal] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180816194844/http://www.prasantbhatt.com/travel/nepal/lakes/rara-lake-trek/ |date=2018-08-16 }}</ref> ==चित्र दीर्घा== <gallery mode="packed"> File:Rara lake, Mugu.jpg|राराताल, मुगु File:Rara from elevation.jpg|रारातालको दृश्य File:Sunshine at rara.jpg|सुर्योदयको समय राराताल File:Rainbow on Rara Lake.jpg|रारामा इन्द्रेणी File:Rara lake and kanjirowa.jpg|रारा ताल र कान्जिरोवा हिमश्रृङ्खला File:Beautiful Rara Lake.jpg|रारा </gallery> ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{reflist}} ==बाह्य कडीहरू== * [http://onlinekhabar.com/2015/04/263957/ रुप फेरिरहने राराको सौन्दर्यता] ==यो पनि हेर्नुहोस== {{नेपालको जलसम्पदा}} [[श्रेणी:नेपालका तालहरू]] [[श्रेणी:पर्यटकीय स्थलहरू]] d88zxa2qkquvffdogtlesjgfyy9a7x0 1365953 1365952 2026-07-14T05:19:35Z Prakashphuyal30 79270 1365953 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Pp-vandalism|small=yes}} {{Infobox lake |lake_name = राराताल |image_lake = Rara lake 1.JPG |caption_lake = रारा तालको एक दृश्य |image_bathymetry = |caption_bathymetry = |location = [[मुगु जिल्ला]] |coords = {{coord|29.525721|82.0902106|region:NP_source:frwiki_type:waterbody|display=inline,title}} |type = |inflow = अज्ञात |outflow = |drainage =30km² |catchment = |basin_countries = [[नेपाल]] |length = ५.१ किलोमिटर |width = ३.२ किलोमिटर |area = १०.८ वर्ग किलोमिटर |mean-depth = १०० मिटर |max-depth = १६७ मिटर |volume = १ घन किलोमिटर |residence_time = |shore line = १४ किमी |elevation = २,९७२ मिटर |islands = |cities = }} '''राराताल''' ({{lang-en|[[:en:Rara Lake|Rara Lake]]}}) [[नेपाल]]को [[कर्णाली अञ्चल|कर्णाली]] अञ्चलको [[मुगु जिल्ला|मुगु]] जिल्लामा अवस्थित नेपालको सबैभन्दा गहिरो र शुद्ध पानी पाइने प्रसिद्ध ताल हो । यो ताल समुद्र सतहदेखि २,९७२ मिटर उचाईंमा अवस्थित छ । जिल्लाको सदरमुकाम [[गमगढी]]बाट परिश्चम तर्फ करीब ३ घण्टाको पैदल यात्रा गरेपछि राराताल पुगिन्छ । १०.८ वर्ग किलोमिटर क्षेत्रफलमा फैलिएको रारा तालको अधिकतम लम्वाई ५ किलोमिटर र अधिकतम चौडाई ३.२ किलोमिटर छ भने गहिराई १६७ मिटर छ । प्रकृतिको उपहारको रूपमा श्रृजित राराताललाई [[रारा राष्ट्रिय निकुञ्ज]]को मनोरम हरियाली यसमा पाइने [[कस्तुरी मृग|कस्तुरी]], [[रतुवा]] जस्ता जन्तुहरूका साथै नेपालको राष्ट्रिय चरा [[डाँफे]] र अन्य चरा चुरुङ्गीहरूले समेत थप शोभा पुर्याएका छन् । यसको वरिपरि विस्तारित राष्ट्रिय निकुञ्ज १०६ वर्ग किलोमिटर क्षेत्रफलमा फैलिएको छ । ==प्राकृतिक सौन्दर्यता== दिनभरीमा आफ्नो रुप फेरिरहने राराताल जेष्ठ देखि आश्विन महिना सम्म विभिन्न फुलहरूले सजिएर स्वर्गकी अप्सरा जस्तै देखिन्छ। रारातालको अर्को एक थप विशेषता के छ भने यस तालमा विश्वमा अन्यत्र कहि पनि नपाइने असला (हिमाली) माछा पाइन्छ। रारातालबाट करीब ३ घण्टाको पैदल यात्रा पश्चात् यसको पश्चिमतर्फ रहेको मुर्माटपमा पुग्न सकिन्छ । जहाँबाट रारातालको मनमोहक दृष्यका साथै [[साइपाल हिमाल|सैपाल]] हिमालको श्रृङखलाको मनोरम अवलोकन गर्न सकिन्छ । यस तालमा [[सिस्ने हिमाल]] र [[कान्जिरोवा हिमाल]]को मनोरम दृश्य देखिनाको साथै अन्यत्र कहीं नपाइने 'असला' जातको माछा पाइन्छ। ==नामकरण== [[महेन्द्र वीरविक्रम शाह|राजा महेन्द्र शाह]]ले २०२० सालमा यस क्षेत्रको भ्रमण गरेपछि पहिलेका दिनहरूमा '''रारा दह''' भनेर चिनिंदै आएको यस तालको नाम '''महेन्द्र ताल''' राखेका थिए । == जलवायु == ग्रीष्म ऋतुमा रारा ताल निकै सुन्दर छ तर जाडो हुन्छ। सबैभन्दा उत्तम भ्रमण गर्ने  समय सेप्टेम्बर / अक्टोबर र अप्रिलदेखि मईसम्म हुन्छ। डिसेम्बरदेखि मार्च सम्म तापमान पनि जम्ने  प्वाइन्ट भन्दा  तल झर्छ। हिउँद मा भने १ मिटर सम्मको हिउँ पर्ने गरेको छ । बर्खा याम मा भने ८० मिलिमिटर सम्म को पानी परेको पर्ने गरेको छ  सामान्यतया तालको सतहको तापमान ७.५ देखि ७.६ डिग्री सेल्सियस सम्म हुने गरेको छ।<ref>[http://www.prasantbhatt.com/travel/nepal/lakes/rara-lake-trek/ Rara Lake Nepal | Complete Trekking Guide, Map, Cost of living Nepal] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180816194844/http://www.prasantbhatt.com/travel/nepal/lakes/rara-lake-trek/ |date=2018-08-16 }}</ref> ==चित्र दीर्घा== <gallery mode="packed"> File:Rara lake, Mugu.jpg|राराताल, मुगु File:Rara from elevation.jpg|रारातालको दृश्य File:Sunshine at rara.jpg|सुर्योदयको समय राराताल File:Rainbow on Rara Lake.jpg|रारामा इन्द्रेणी File:Rara lake and kanjirowa.jpg|रारा ताल र कान्जिरोवा हिमश्रृङ्खला File:Beautiful Rara Lake.jpg|रारा </gallery> ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{reflist}} ==बाह्य कडीहरू== * [http://onlinekhabar.com/2015/04/263957/ रुप फेरिरहने राराको सौन्दर्यता] ==यो पनि हेर्नुहोस== {{नेपालको जलसम्पदा}} [[श्रेणी:नेपालका तालहरू]] [[श्रेणी:पर्यटकीय स्थलहरू]] n7pfb20s2zkbat7ylssrkpki0lri463 1365959 1365953 2026-07-14T05:26:57Z Prakashphuyal30 79270 1365959 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Pp-vandalism|small=yes}} {{Infobox lake |lake_name = राराताल |image_lake = Rara lake 1.JPG |caption_lake = रारा तालको एक दृश्य |image_bathymetry = |caption_bathymetry = |location = [[मुगु जिल्ला]] |coords = {{coord|29.525721|82.0902106|region:NP_source:frwiki_type:waterbody|display=inline,title}} |type = |inflow = अज्ञात |outflow = |drainage =30km² |catchment = |basin_countries = [[नेपाल]] |length = ५.१ किलोमिटर |width = ३.२ किलोमिटर |area = १०.८ वर्ग किलोमिटर |mean-depth = १०० मिटर |max-depth = १६७ मिटर |volume = १ घन किलोमिटर |residence_time = |shore line = १४ किमी |elevation = २,९७२ मिटर |islands = |cities = }} '''राराताल''' ({{lang-en|[[:en:Rara Lake|Rara Lake]]}}) [[नेपाल]]को [[कर्णाली अञ्चल|कर्णाली]] अञ्चलको [[मुगु जिल्ला|मुगु]] जिल्लामा अवस्थित नेपालको सबैभन्दा ठूलो र गहिरो प्राकृतिक शुद्ध पानीको प्रसिद्ध ताल हो । यो ताल समुद्र सतहदेखि २,९७२ मिटर उचाईंमा अवस्थित छ । जिल्लाको सदरमुकाम [[गमगढी]]बाट परिश्चम तर्फ करीब ३ घण्टाको पैदल यात्रा गरेपछि राराताल पुगिन्छ । १०.८ वर्ग किलोमिटर क्षेत्रफलमा फैलिएको रारा तालको अधिकतम लम्वाई ५ किलोमिटर र अधिकतम चौडाई ३.२ किलोमिटर छ भने गहिराई १६७ मिटर छ । प्रकृतिको उपहारको रूपमा श्रृजित राराताललाई [[रारा राष्ट्रिय निकुञ्ज]]को मनोरम हरियाली यसमा पाइने [[कस्तुरी मृग|कस्तुरी]], [[रतुवा]] जस्ता जन्तुहरूका साथै नेपालको राष्ट्रिय चरा [[डाँफे]] र अन्य चरा चुरुङ्गीहरूले समेत थप शोभा पुर्याएका छन् । यसको वरिपरि विस्तारित राष्ट्रिय निकुञ्ज १०६ वर्ग किलोमिटर क्षेत्रफलमा फैलिएको छ । ==प्राकृतिक सौन्दर्यता== दिनभरीमा आफ्नो रुप फेरिरहने राराताल जेष्ठ देखि आश्विन महिना सम्म विभिन्न फुलहरूले सजिएर स्वर्गकी अप्सरा जस्तै देखिन्छ। रारातालको अर्को एक थप विशेषता के छ भने यस तालमा विश्वमा अन्यत्र कहि पनि नपाइने असला (हिमाली) माछा पाइन्छ। रारातालबाट करीब ३ घण्टाको पैदल यात्रा पश्चात् यसको पश्चिमतर्फ रहेको मुर्माटपमा पुग्न सकिन्छ । जहाँबाट रारातालको मनमोहक दृष्यका साथै [[साइपाल हिमाल|सैपाल]] हिमालको श्रृङखलाको मनोरम अवलोकन गर्न सकिन्छ । यस तालमा [[सिस्ने हिमाल]] र [[कान्जिरोवा हिमाल]]को मनोरम दृश्य देखिनाको साथै अन्यत्र कहीं नपाइने 'असला' जातको माछा पाइन्छ। ==नामकरण== [[महेन्द्र वीरविक्रम शाह|राजा महेन्द्र शाह]]ले २०२० सालमा यस क्षेत्रको भ्रमण गरेपछि पहिलेका दिनहरूमा '''रारा दह''' भनेर चिनिंदै आएको यस तालको नाम '''महेन्द्र ताल''' राखेका थिए । == जलवायु == ग्रीष्म ऋतुमा रारा ताल निकै सुन्दर छ तर जाडो हुन्छ। सबैभन्दा उत्तम भ्रमण गर्ने  समय सेप्टेम्बर / अक्टोबर र अप्रिलदेखि मईसम्म हुन्छ। डिसेम्बरदेखि मार्च सम्म तापमान पनि जम्ने  प्वाइन्ट भन्दा  तल झर्छ। हिउँद मा भने १ मिटर सम्मको हिउँ पर्ने गरेको छ । बर्खा याम मा भने ८० मिलिमिटर सम्म को पानी परेको पर्ने गरेको छ  सामान्यतया तालको सतहको तापमान ७.५ देखि ७.६ डिग्री सेल्सियस सम्म हुने गरेको छ।<ref>[http://www.prasantbhatt.com/travel/nepal/lakes/rara-lake-trek/ Rara Lake Nepal | Complete Trekking Guide, Map, Cost of living Nepal] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180816194844/http://www.prasantbhatt.com/travel/nepal/lakes/rara-lake-trek/ |date=2018-08-16 }}</ref> ==चित्र दीर्घा== <gallery mode="packed"> File:Rara lake, Mugu.jpg|राराताल, मुगु File:Rara from elevation.jpg|रारातालको दृश्य File:Sunshine at rara.jpg|सुर्योदयको समय राराताल File:Rainbow on Rara Lake.jpg|रारामा इन्द्रेणी File:Rara lake and kanjirowa.jpg|रारा ताल र कान्जिरोवा हिमश्रृङ्खला File:Beautiful Rara Lake.jpg|रारा </gallery> ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{reflist}} ==बाह्य कडीहरू== * [http://onlinekhabar.com/2015/04/263957/ रुप फेरिरहने राराको सौन्दर्यता] ==यो पनि हेर्नुहोस== {{नेपालको जलसम्पदा}} [[श्रेणी:नेपालका तालहरू]] [[श्रेणी:पर्यटकीय स्थलहरू]] i991y4udj50o4cmb4zmxk7xfc6duwed 0 10693 1365958 1332078 2026-07-14T05:26:38Z Bishaldev100 28807 /* सन्तानहरू */ 1365958 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Officeholder | birthname = | image = Mohan Shumsher (cropped).png | order = [[नेपालका प्रधानमन्त्रीहरूको सूची|१७औँ]] | office = नेपालको प्रधानमन्त्री | term_start = वि.सं. २००५ | term_end = वि.सं. २००८<ref>[http://rajpatra.dop.gov.np/welcome/book/?ref=2168 नेपाल राजपत्र]</ref> | predecessor = [[पद्म शमशेर जङ्गबहादुर राणा|पद्म शमशेर]] | successor = [[मातृकाप्रसाद कोइराला|मातृका प्रसाद कोइराला]] | office1 = [[महाराज|श्री ३ महाराज]] | term_start1 = वि.सं. २००५ | term_end1 = वि.सं. २००८ कात्तिक २६ | predecessor1 = [[पद्म शमशेर जङ्गबहादुर राणा|पद्म शमशेर]] | successor1 = पद अन्त्य | birth_date = वि.सं. १९४२ पुस १३<ref>{{cite book|title=नेपालको तथ्य इतिहास|author=प्रा. डा. [[राजाराम सुवेदी]]|page=२६६|date=फागुन २०६१|publisher=[[साझा प्रकाशन]]|isbn=99933-2-406-X|url=}}</ref> | birth_place = | death_date = वि.सं. २० | death_place = | spouse = | religion = [[हिन्दु धर्म|हिन्दु]] | father = [[चन्द्र शमशेर जङ्गबहादुर राणा|चन्द्र शमशेर]] | children = | parents = [[चन्द्र शमशेर जङ्गबहादुर राणा|चन्द्र शमशेर]] | relatives = | signature = | website = | footnotes = | honorific_prefix = [[फिल्ड मार्सल]] [[महामहिम|उहाँको महामहिम]] [[श्री]] [[श्री]] [[श्री]] [[महाराज|महाराजा]] [[गुरु|सर]] | honorific_suffix = [[राणा]], [[ब्रिटिस साम्राज्य|नाइट ग्रान्ड क्रस]], [[ब्रिटिस साम्राज्य|नाइट ग्रान्ड कमाण्डर]], [[ब्रिटिस साम्राज्य|डेम/नाइट ग्रान्ड क्रस]] }} '''मोहन सम्शेर जङ्गबहादुर राणा''' [[राणा शासन]]का अन्तिम प्रधानमन्त्री हुन्। वि.स. २००४ फागुन १८ गतेका दिन [[पद्म शमशेर जङ्गबहादुर राणा|पद्म शमशेर]] औषधि उपचारका निमित्त [[भारत]]तर्फ लागेका र उनले उतैबाट राजीनामा दिएपछि मोहन शमशेर प्रधानमन्त्री भएका थिएँ। उनी प्रधानमन्त्री हुनु भन्दा अगाडि नै [[लक्ष्मी निवास]]बाट [[सिंहदरबार]] सरेका थिएँ। उनी [[चन्द्र शमशेर जङ्गबहादुर राणा|चन्द्र शमशेर]]का जेठा छोरा थिएँ। उनी मिचाहा प्रवृतिका व्यक्ति हुनाले श्री ३ चन्द्र र जुद्धका पालाका नियम तोड्नुका साथै श्री ५ को गरिमामय पदलाई समेत यिनी बेवास्ता गर्दथे। उनले छोटो समय शासन चलाएर केही सुधारहरू गर्न सक्षम भएका थिएँ।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nepalmag.com.np/history/2014/11/09/7635|title=यस्ता थिएँ मोहनशमशेर|last=बराल|first=सीताराम|date=२३ कात्तिक २०७१|website=नेपाल|accessdate=२२ जेष्ठ २०७९}}</ref> ==कार्यहरू== श्री ३ मोहनले योजना परिषद्को आरम्भ गरी [[नेपालको पञ्चवर्षीय योजना|पञ्चवर्षीय विकास योजना]] र विकासका काम गर्न लगाउन थाले। उनले [[पद्म शमशेर जङ्गबहादुर राणा|श्री ३ पद्म शमशेर]]द्वारा घोषित विक्रम संवत् [[नेपाल सरकार वैधानिक कानुन २००४|२००४ को वैधानिक कानुन]]लाई अवैधानिक बनाएर आफ्ना मतवालाहरूलाई जम्मा पारी बनावटी र देखावटी राजसभा र भारदारसभा गठन गरे। नगरसभाको गठन गरी २१ वर्ष पुगेकालाई मतदानको अधिकार पनि प्रदान गरे। उनले पनि पद्म शमशेरको झै बजारभाउ नियन्त्रण गर्न १ रुपियाँको १० र १२ माना चामल किन्न सकिने बन्दोबस्त मिलाए। नेपालमा [[पर्यटन|पर्यटन उद्योग]] र [[काठमाडौँ]]- [[हेटौँडा उपमहानगरपालिका|हेटौँडा]] राजमार्गको कार्य आरम्भ गराउने श्री ३ मोहनले २००५ मा [[सिंहदरबार]]मा [[आकाश वाणी|आकाशवाणी]] स्टेसन स्थापना गराए। त्यसै गरी रेडियो स्टेसन, हवाई विभाग, जनसेवा चलचित्र, पञ्चायत राज, अपिल अदालत बढाउने काम पनि उनैले गरे। [[गाउँ पञ्चायत (नेपाल)|गाउँ पञ्चायत]], नगर पञ्चायत, छापाखाना, पञ्चायती अदालत, प्रधानपञ्चको व्यवस्था गरेका थिएँ। राणाकाल देखि नै पञ्चायती अभ्यास भएको थियो। त्यसैले नेपालीले पञ्चायतको पहिल्यै परिचय पाएका थिए।<ref>{{cite book|title=नेपालको तथ्य इतिहास|author=प्रा. डा. [[राजाराम सुवेदी]]|page=२६७|date=फागुन २०६१|publisher=[[साझा प्रकाशन]]|isbn=99933-2-406-X|url=}}</ref> <ref name="सुवेदी">{{cite book | last = सुवेदी | first = राजाराम | author-link = राजाराम सुवेदी | year = फागुन २०६१ | title = नेपालको तथ्य इतिहास | publisher = [[साझा प्रकाशन]] | url = | isbn = 99933-2-406-X | pages = २६७ }}</ref> == भारत-नेपाल शान्ति तथा मैत्री सन्धि, १९५० == {{Main|भारत-नेपाल शान्ति तथा मैत्री सन्धि,१९५०}} [[चित्र:India-Nepal_Treaty_1950.jpg|alt=|right|thumb|प्रधानमन्त्री मोहन शम्शेर तथा नेपालको लागि भारतीय राजदूत चन्द्रेश्वर नारायण सिंहद्वारा हस्ताक्षर वि. सं‍. २००७ साउन १६.]] [[चीन]]ले [[तिब्बत]] कब्जा गरेपछि वि. सं. २००७ साउन १६ सोमबार ३१ जुलाई, १९५० मा [[भारत-नेपाल शान्ति तथा मैत्री सन्धि|नेपाल-भारत शान्ति तथा मैत्री सन्धि, १९५०]] नेपालका प्रधानमन्त्री मोहन शम्शेर तथा नेपालको लागि भारतीय राजदूत चन्द्रेश्वर नारायण सिंहद्वारा हस्ताक्षर गरिएको थियो। १ सय ४ वर्षे राणा शासन आफ्नो अन्तिम प्रहरमा थियो। सन्धिमा हस्ताक्षर भएपछि महाराज मोहन शमशेरले ठुलो सन्तोषको सास फेरेर भने, ‘मैले मेरो मुलुकको संप्रभुता जोगाएँ। अब नेपाल स्वतन्त्र रहने भयो।’ यो खुसीयालीमा मोहन शमशेरले आफू वरिपरिका मानिसहरूलाई भोज खुवाउन पैसा पनि बाँडे। == सात सालको क्रान्ति == {{main|सात सालको क्रान्ति}} == दिल्ली सम्झौता == {{मुख्य|दिल्ली सम्झौता}} दिल्लीमा राजा, राणा र कांग्रेस बीच त्रिपक्षीय वार्ता भयो जस अनुसार नेपालको वैधानिक राजा त्रिभुवन भए भने प्रधानमन्त्री मोहन शमशेर नै रहने भए। [[कुँवर इन्द्रजीत सिंह|डा. के. आई. सिंह]]ले सो सम्झौताको विरोधमा विद्रोह गरे। == अन्तरिम मन्त्री मण्डल == {{मुख्य|राणा - काङ्ग्रेस मन्त्रिपरिषद्}} [[चित्र:Historical royal proclamation 1951 February 18.jpg|thumb|सात सालको शाही घोषणाको सक्कल प्रति]] दिल्ली सम्झौता अन्तर्गत १० जना (५ नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस र ५ राणाहरू) सदस्य रहेका अन्तरिम मन्त्री मण्डल गठन गर्ने सहमति बनेको थियो। जसअनुसार वि. सं. २००७ फागुन ७ मा निम्न अनुसार मन्त्री मण्डल बन्यो। राणा-काङ्ग्रेस मन्त्रीमण्डल (२००७ साल फागुन ७ गते) * १. श्री ३ महाराज [[मोहन शमशेर जङ्गबहादुर राणा|मोहनसम्शेर ज.ब.रा.]]- प्रधान मन्न्री तथा पररास्ट्र * २. मिनिष्टर [[बबर शम्शेर जङ्गबहादुर राणा|बबरसम्शेर ज.ब.रा.]]- रक्षा मन्त्री * ३. [[विश्वेश्वरप्रसाद कोइराला]]- गृह मन्त्री * ४. [[सुवर्ण शमशेर राणा|सुर्वण सम्शेर ज.ब.रा.]]- अर्थ मन्त्री * ५. [[चूडाराज शमशेर]]- वन विभागको मन्त्री * ६. [[गणेशमान सिंह]]- उद्योग वाणिज्य मन्त्री * ७. [[नृपजङ्ग राणा]]- शिक्षा मन्त्री * ८. [[भद्रकाली मिश्र]]- यातायात मन्त्री * ९. [[यज्ञबहादुर बस्न्यात]]- स्वास्थ्य र स्थानीय स्वायत्तशासन मन्त्री * १०. [[भरतमणि शर्मा]]- खाद्य र कृषि मन्त्री <ref>२००७ साल फागुन ७ गतेको गो.प.</ref> २००८ साल भदौ १३ गते [[संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका|सं.रा.अमेरिका]]सँग राजदूत स्तरमा सम्बन्ध कायम भयो। प्रधानमन्त्री मोहनशमशेरको योजनामा परराष्ट्र विभाग प्रमुख विजयशमशेर र भारतस्थित नेपाली राजदूत सिंहशमशेरको तारतम्यबाट यो सम्बन्धको विकास भएको थियो। त्यसपछि नै मोहनशमशेरलाई पदबाट राजीनामा दिन भारतीय दबाब बढेको थियो। त्यसनिम्ति तत्कालीन गृहमन्त्री विश्वेश्वरप्रसाद कोइरालालाई उचालेर उनले पहिले राजीनामा दिएर पछि मोहनशमशेरलाई राजीनामा दिन बाध्य पारियो। गृहमन्त्री बीपीलाई थाहा नदिएर प्रहरीले गोली चलाउँदा विद्यार्थी नेता चिनियाँ काजी मारिएपछि बीपीले राजीनामा दिए।<ref>[http://annapurnapost.com/news/78581 कसरी बनाए महेन्द्रले स्वाधीन र सार्वभौम नेपाल ?]</ref> == निर्वासन र उत्तरार्ध जीवन == आफूले शासन गरेका प्रजाहरूबाट आफू शासित नहुने भनेर मोहन शमशेर वि. सं. २००८ मा स्व-निर्वासनमा गए। दानसिंह विष्टको प्रमुख आतिथ्य स्वीकार गरेर उतै बस्ने उद्देश्यले भारतको [[मसुरी]] पुगेका मोहनशमशेर त्यहाँको हावापानी र वातावरण आफू सुहाउँदो नपाएपछि [[लखनऊ|लखनउ]] झरेका थिए । न्यु हैदरावादको खजुरगाउँ प्यालेसमा उनकी छोरीको घर थियो । उनलाई खजुरी महारानीका नामले सम्बोधन गरिन्थ्यो । बेङ्गलोरमै बाँकी जीवन बिताउने उद्देश्यले मोहनशमशेर लखनउबाट सीधै उता लागे । तर दुर्भाग्य! यसैबीच २९ डिसेम्बर १९५३ मा उनका छोरा [[विजय शमशेर|विजयशमशेर]]को [[भारतको लागि नेपाली राजदुत|नेपाली राजदूत]]का रूपमा दिल्लीमा पदमा बहाल रहेकै अवस्थामा करेन्ट लागेर निधन भयो ।<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://ekagaj.com/article/thought/3390/|title=बाथटबमा अन्तिम सास फेरेका ती कूटनीतिज्ञ|last=खडेरी|first=सन्तोष|date=पुस १४, २०७७|work=इकागज मिडिया}}{{Dead link|date=April 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> त्यो दु:ख त छँदै थियो, बेङ्गलोरमा बस्दाबस्दै मोहनशमशेरकी श्रीमतीको पनि त्यहीँ निधन भयो । अर्को घटना पनि भयो, चर्खारी महारानीका रूपमा प्रख्यात मोहनशमशेरकी अर्की छोरीले अचानक बेङ्गलोरमै आत्महत्या गरिन् । जो कसैको निधन पनि दु:खद नै हुन्छ । तर, केही मान्छेको निधन भने ज्यादै कारुणिक र हृदयविदारक हुँदो रहेछ । चिफसाहेब हुँदै श्री ३ बनेका मोहनशमशेर राणाको निधन त्यस्तै कारुणिक र हृदयविदारक थियो । आफ्नो जमानामा खुब मोजमज्जा र ऐसआराम फर्माएका उनको जीवनको उत्तरार्ध अस्वाभाविक दु:खमा बित्यो । मुलुकबाट लिएर गएको र छोराछोरीले व्यापार व्यवसाय गरेर जोडेको श्रीसम्पत्ति बिस्तारै सकिँदै गएपछि मोहनशमशेरका आर्थिक अभावका दिन सुरु भएका थिए । उनी लामो समय रोगले थलिए । स्याहारसुसार र हेरचाह गर्ने छोराछोरी र श्रीमती कोही नभएपछि उनमा पीडाको झलक देखिन थालेको थियो । कुनै समय मुलुकको शासनसत्ता र आर्थिक दृष्टिले पनि राज्यसम्पत्तिमा रजगज गरेका मोहनशमशेरको अवसान भने ज्यादै दु:खद रह्यो । परिवारका अधिकांश सदस्य गुमाएपछि एक्लो बन्न पुगेका उनको निधनमा आँसु चुहाउने परिवारका सदस्य पनि नगण्य थिए । <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://nepalmag.com.np/memoir/2016/04/12/20160412145902|title=राणाजीको त्यो रजगज, त्यो अवसान|last=रिमाल|first=लक्ष्मणप्रसाद|date=३० चैत्र २०७२}}</ref> ==व्यक्तिगत जीवन== मोहन शमशेर धार्मिक प्रवृत्तिका व्यक्ति थिएँ। मोहनशमशेर एक छाक मात्र खाना खान्थे। त्यसैले बिहानको खानाका परिकार भव्य हुन्थ्यो। ===सन्तानहरू=== * [[शारदासम्शेर राणा]] *[[विजय शमशेर|विजय शमशेर राणा]] * मोह भक्त राज्य लक्ष्मी * थगेन्द्र राज्य लक्ष्मी * रुपराज्य राज्य लक्ष्मी * लिला राज्य लक्ष्मी * महेन्द्र राज्य लक्ष्मी * शारदा राज्य लक्ष्मी <ref>[http://www.royalark.net/Nepal/lamb10.htm<nowiki>]</nowiki></ref> == मृत्यु == वि.सं. २००८ साल कात्तिक २६ गते मोहनशमशेर मुलुकको प्रधानमन्त्रीबाट हट्न बाध्य भए। त्यसको केही समयपछि उनी भारततर्फ लागेका थिएँ। वि.सं. २०२४ साल पुस २३ गते ८२ वर्षको उमेरमा भारतको बैंगलोरमा उनको निधन भएको थियो। ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} {{नेपालका प्रधानमन्त्रीहरू}} [[श्रेणी:नेपालका प्रधानमन्त्रीहरू]] [[श्रेणी:राणा प्रधानमन्त्रीहरू]] [[श्रेणी:गोरखा दक्षिण बाहु]] [[श्रेणी:चन्द्र खलक]] [[श्रेणी:नेपालका परराष्ट्र मन्त्रीहरू]] [[श्रेणी:सात सालको क्रान्ति]] [[श्रेणी:नेपालका प्रधानमन्त्रीका सन्तानहरू]] [[श्रेणी:निर्वासित नेपालीहरू]] [[श्रेणी:खस जाति]] [[श्रेणी:नेपाली सैन्य कर्मचारीहरू]] qwt1605w1wcdb04lhvczjyo7l66hwe8 0 12418 1365994 1311586 2026-07-14T07:43:08Z ~2026-39676-24 79795 1365994 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Instrument |name=खैँजडी |names=खैंजरी |image=Kanjira.jpg |classification=[[पञ्चैबाजा|हाते बाजा]] |range=High sound of jingles, plus some have a skin with a lower sound. |related=[[डम्फु]], [[ढ्याङ्ग्रो]], [[ट्याम्को]], [[डफा]] }} [[चित्र:Kanjira (Khaijadi).jpg|thumb|नेपाली गुरुङ र मगर,बाहुन समुदाय मा प्रचलनमा रहेको खैँजडी]] '''खैँजडी''' [[डम्फु]]भन्दा केही सानो हुने, काठको घेरामा प्रायः [[मुजुरा]] जडिएको, एकातिर मात्र छालाले मढिएको [[पञ्चैबाजा|तालबाजा]] हो। यस बाजाको प्रयोगको बारेमा गुरुङ समुदाय मा प्रचलित घाटु नाच नाचिसकेपछी घाटु/चुड्का खोई कार्यक्रम गरेर चुड्का गाउदा नचाउदा खैजडी बाजा को प्रयोग हुन्छ यस्तै मगर समुदाय को पनि चाड पर्व हरु मा र हिन्दु हरु [[रामायण|को]] विभिन्न उत्सवमा समेत प्रयोग गरिन्छ। खमारी, [[रुखकटहर|रूख कटहर]], [[काभ्रो]], [[कोइरालो]] आदिको काठको घेरामा छाला बेरेर बनाइने यो बाजा नेपाली समाजमा पौराणिक कालदेखि नै प्रचलनमा रहेको बाजा हो। यो बाजा बनाउन [[हरिण|मृग]], [[बाख्रा]] अथवा [[सुन गोहोरो]]को छाला प्रयोग गरिन्छ। खैँजडीको [[व्यास नगरपालिका|ब्यास]] ७ देखि ९ इन्च हुन्छ भने यसको गहिराई २ देखि चार इन्चसम्मको हुने गर्दछ। कतै कतै खैँजडीमा काठको घेरामा चारवटा प्वाल बनाएर [[मुजुरा]]को रूपमा [[धातु]]को टुक्राहरू पनि राखिएको हुन्छ। ==खैँजडी भजन== तिहार, ठूलो एकादशीलगायतका चाडपर्व र श्रीमद्भागवत, सत्यनारायणको पूजा आदि धार्मिक कार्य गर्दा खैँजडी मुजुरा, कठताल आदि वाद्यवादनको प्रयोग र नृत्यसँगै गाइने भजन हो। == परिचय == विशेषगरी क्षेत्री-ब्राहृमण बसेको समाजमा खैँजडी भजन गाउने प्रचलन छ। काठमाडौँ उपत्यकाको साथै पूर्वी पहाडका अधिकांश ठाउँमा यो खैँजडी भजन गाउने चलन छ। प्रायः क्षेत्री ब्राहृमण समुदायका व्यक्तिहरू नै सहभागी हुने भए पनि दर्शक र स्रोताको रूपमा सबै जातजातिले मनोरञ्जन लिने गर्दछन्। यस प्रकारको भजन गाउँदा कम्तीमा पनि आठ-नौ जनाको टोली गोलाकार भई बसेर एक जनाले भट्याउने केहीले खैँजडी लिने गर्दछन्। भट्याउने व्यक्ति बीचमा बस्दछ र भट्याउँछ उसले नारायण भन्दै छोडेका पङ्क्तिलाई राम राम भन्दै टिपेर खैँजडीको तालसँगै नृत्य गर्न थाल्छन्। नृत्य गर्नेहरू एउटा खुट्टा उचालेर जोडीजोडी भई पालैपालो नाच्छन्। चुड्का भजनमा भजन गाउने बाजा बजाउने र नृत्य गर्ने मात्र होइन दर्शकहरू समेत जोसिएका हुन्छन्। यसरी नै भजन अगाडि बढेको पाउन सकिन्छ। खैँजडी भजन गाउन सुरु गर्नुअघि सर्वप्रथम मङ्गलाचरण भजन गाएर मात्र भजन गाउने क्रमलाई अगाडि बढाइन्छ। यसलाई आरती भजन पनि भनिन्छ। गणेश, सरस्वतीसहित अन्य देवीदेवताको आराधना गरी भजन सुरु गरिन्छ। बिघ्न हर्ता गणेशलाई सबै बिघ्न बाधा हटाइदिन र विद्याकी देवी सरस्वतीलाई गलामा आएर बास गरिदिन आग्रह गर्दै यो भजन सुरु गरिन्छ। खैँजडी भजनहरू विशेषगरी श्रीमद्भागवत महापुराणलाई आधार मानेर सिर्जना गरिएको पाइन्छ। यसैगरी भजनहरू देवीभागवत, शिवपुराण, रामायण, महाभारत, श्रीस्वस्थानी व्रतकथा आदिका कथामा समेत आधारित हुन्छन्। यी ग्रन्थहरूबाट कुनै एक देवीदेवता वा अन्य कुनै पात्रलाई उठाएर टुक्रा झिकी त्यस टुक्रालाई लम्ब्याउँदै भजन गाउने गरिन्छ। भट्याउने व्यक्तिले भट्याउँदा आफ्नो आफ्नो शैली प्रयोग गरे पनि मूल ग्रन्थमा भएका कुराहरूलाई यताउति पार्नुहुँदैन। यसैकारण पनि भजन गाउने व्यक्तिले पौराणिक ग्रन्थ पढेको हुनुपर्छ। यस प्रकारको भजनमा पद्य र गद्य दुवैको मिश्रति प्रयोग हुन्छ। सुरुमा कथानकका अंशलाई गद्यात्मकरूपमा प्रस्तुत गरिएको हुन्छ। त्यसपछि पद्यात्मक भजनको सुरुवात गरिन्छ। भजन गाउन धार्मिक ग्रन्थहरूको व्यापक अध्ययन गर्नुपर्ने र आफ्नो मौलिक रूप दिन सक्नुपर्ने बाध्यता छ। भजन भट्याउनेको स्वर पनि सबैलाई आकषिर्त गर्न सक्ने खालको हुनुपर्छ। यसैगरी भजनमा प्रयोग हुने खैँजडी कुशलतापूर्वक बजाउन सक्ने र नाच्न जान्ने खुबी भएका भजनेहरू हुनुपर्छ। ==खैँजडीको नमुना== [[चित्र:Khaijadi Bhajan.ogv|thumb|right|300px|खैँजडी भजनको नमुना भिडियो]] ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} ==बाह्य कडीहरू== {{Commonscat|Dafs|खैँजडी}} * [https://www.kantipurdaily.com/entertainment/2017/11/23/20171123075447.html बहसमा ढयाङ्ग्रो, खैँजडी र भजन] * [https://jyotishsathi.blogspot.com/2016/10/Khainjadi-Bhajan.html तिहारमा खैँजडी भजन] {{नेपालका बाजाहरू}} [[श्रेणी:नेपालका परम्परागत बाजाहरू]] [[श्रेणी:एसियाली तालबाजा वाद्ययन्त्रहरू]] r8o7vcz4oq9jf3nod6jjfb3dfccm297 0 14423 1365889 1365861 2026-07-13T17:27:01Z पर्वत सुवेदी 31224 /* */ 1365889 wikitext text/x-wiki {{About|चन्द्रकी पत्नी|वसुदेवकी पत्नी| रोहिणी (वसुदेवकी पत्नी)|कृष्णकी पत्नी|रोहिणी (कृष्णकी पत्नी)}} {{छोटो विवरण|हिन्दु देवी}} {{Infobox deity | name = रोहिणी | consort = [[चन्द्र]] | children = [[वर्चस]] | image = ChandraRohini.jpg | type = हिन्दू | caption = चन्द्र र रोहिणी | deity_of = नक्षत्रकी देवी<br />[[रोहिणी तारा]] को मानवीकरण | abode = चन्द्रलोक | affiliation = [[देवी]] | father = [[दक्ष]] | mother = [[असिक्नी]] }} '''रोहिणी''' हिन्दु धर्ममा ताराकी देवी हुन् र चन्द्रमाका देवता [[चन्द्र]]की सबैभन्दा प्रिय पत्नी हुन्।<ref>{{cite book |last1=Agrawala |first1=Prithvi Kumar |title=Goddesses in Ancient India |date=1983 |publisher=Abhinav Publications |isbn=978-81-7017-184-3 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8BmDIbNuD0gC&q=rohini+goddess&pg=PA106 |language=en |access-date=2020-10-03 |archive-date=2023-02-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202063156/https://books.google.com/books?id=8BmDIbNuD0gC&q=rohini+goddess&pg=PA106 |url-status=live }}</ref> उनी प्रजापति [[दक्ष]] र उनकी पत्नी [[असिक्नी]]का २७ [[दक्षका छोरीहरूको सूची|छोरीहरू]]मध्ये एक हुन्। "रातो देवी" (रोहिणी देवीको रूपमा पनि चिनिने) का रूपमा उनी [[वृष राशि|वृष]] नक्षत्र समूहको सबैभन्दा चम्किलो तारा—सुन्तला-रातो रङ्गको [[रोहिणी तारा]]को मानवीकरण हुन्।<ref>{{Cite book|last=Shah|first=Saket|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XYG3DwAAQBAJ&q=aldebaran+Rohini&pg=PT21|title=Understanding The Nakshatras: Soul of Astrology is Nakshatras|date=2019-10-19|publisher=Saket Shah|language=en|access-date=2020-10-08|archive-date=2023-02-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202063136/https://books.google.com/books?id=XYG3DwAAQBAJ&q=aldebaran+Rohini&pg=PT21|url-status=live}}</ref> == सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू == {{सन्दर्भसूची}} == बाह्य कडीहरू == *[https://www.thenakshatras.com/rohini-nakshatra/ रोहिणी नक्षत्र] {{Hindu deities and texts}} [[श्रेणी:हिन्दु ज्योतिष]] [[श्रेणी:दक्षका छोरीहरू]] [[श्रेणी:हिन्दु खगोलशास्त्र]] [[श्रेणी:हिन्दु देवीहरू]] [[श्रेणी:नक्षत्र]] [[श्रेणी:रोहिणी तारा]] rkf99gzlh714v2smlvqabdf6lpuj970 1365890 1365889 2026-07-13T17:28:16Z पर्वत सुवेदी 31224 /* */ 1365890 wikitext text/x-wiki {{About|चन्द्रकी पत्नी|वसुदेवकी पत्नी| रोहिणी (वसुदेवकी पत्नी)|कृष्णकी पत्नी|रोहिणी (कृष्णकी पत्नी)}} {{छोटो विवरण|हिन्दु देवी}} {{Infobox deity | name = रोहिणी | consort = [[चन्द्र]] | children = [[वर्चस]] | image = ChandraRohini.jpg | type = हिन्दु | caption = चन्द्र र रोहिणी | deity_of = नक्षत्रकी देवी<br />[[रोहिणी तारा]] को मानवीकरण | abode = चन्द्रलोक | affiliation = [[देवी]] | father = [[दक्ष]] | mother = [[असिक्नी]] }} '''रोहिणी''' हिन्दु धर्ममा ताराकी देवी हुन् र चन्द्रमाका देवता [[चन्द्र]]की सबैभन्दा प्रिय पत्नी हुन्।<ref>{{cite book |last1=Agrawala |first1=Prithvi Kumar |title=Goddesses in Ancient India |date=1983 |publisher=Abhinav Publications |isbn=978-81-7017-184-3 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8BmDIbNuD0gC&q=rohini+goddess&pg=PA106 |language=en |access-date=2020-10-03 |archive-date=2023-02-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202063156/https://books.google.com/books?id=8BmDIbNuD0gC&q=rohini+goddess&pg=PA106 |url-status=live }}</ref> उनी प्रजापति [[दक्ष]] र उनकी पत्नी [[असिक्नी]]का २७ [[दक्षका छोरीहरूको सूची|छोरीहरू]]मध्ये एक हुन्। "रातो देवी" (रोहिणी देवीको रूपमा पनि चिनिने) का रूपमा उनी [[वृष राशि|वृष]] नक्षत्र समूहको सबैभन्दा चम्किलो तारा—सुन्तला-रातो रङ्गको [[रोहिणी तारा]]को मानवीकरण हुन्।<ref>{{Cite book|last=Shah|first=Saket|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XYG3DwAAQBAJ&q=aldebaran+Rohini&pg=PT21|title=Understanding The Nakshatras: Soul of Astrology is Nakshatras|date=2019-10-19|publisher=Saket Shah|language=en|access-date=2020-10-08|archive-date=2023-02-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202063136/https://books.google.com/books?id=XYG3DwAAQBAJ&q=aldebaran+Rohini&pg=PT21|url-status=live}}</ref> == सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू == {{सन्दर्भसूची}} == बाह्य कडीहरू == *[https://www.thenakshatras.com/rohini-nakshatra/ रोहिणी नक्षत्र] {{Hindu deities and texts}} [[श्रेणी:हिन्दु ज्योतिष]] [[श्रेणी:दक्षका छोरीहरू]] [[श्रेणी:हिन्दु खगोलशास्त्र]] [[श्रेणी:हिन्दु देवीहरू]] [[श्रेणी:नक्षत्र]] [[श्रेणी:रोहिणी तारा]] tsnx9tdu5wlkgemiqouf8arzpbniga6 0 14576 1365957 1356099 2026-07-14T05:25:41Z Bishaldev100 28807 1365957 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Orphan|date=जुन २०११}} {{Infobox Officeholder | birthname = | image= | order = | office = शिक्षा मन्त्री | term_start = वि.सं. २००७ फागुन ७ | term_end = २००८ जेठ २७ | predecessor = | successor = [[शारदासम्शेर राणा|शारदा शमशेर राणा]] |monarch = [[त्रिभुवन वीरविक्रम शाह|राजा त्रिभुवन]] |primeminister = [[मोहन शमशेर जङ्गबहादुर राणा]] | office1 = | term_start1 = | term_end1 = | predecessor1 = | successor1 = | birth_date = | birth_place = | death_date = | death_place = | spouse = | religion = [[हिन्दू धर्म|हिन्दू]] |father=बहादुरजङ्ग राणा | children = | parents = | relatives = | signature = | website = | footnotes = | allegiance = {{Flag|नेपाल}} | branch = [[File:Roundel of Nepal.svg|25 px]] [[नेपाली सेना]] | serviceyears = | rank = मेजर | battles = | awards = }} '''नृपजङ्ग राणा''' [[सात सालको क्रान्ति|२००७को क्रान्ति]]पछिको [[राणा - काङ्ग्रेस मन्त्रिपरिषद्|मन्त्रीमण्डल]]मा राणाका तर्फबाट मन्त्री बनेका थिए। उनको जन्म सन् १८९० फेब्रुअरी १५ मा भएको थियो ।<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lamb2 |url=https://www.royalark.net/Nepal/lamb2.htm |access-date=2025-01-29 |website=www.royalark.net}}</ref>  उनी [[जङ्गबहादुर राणा|जंगबहादुर राणा]]का दाइ जनरल भक्तवीर कुँवर राणाका नाति थिए । उनले इलाहबाद विश्वविद्यालयबाट सिभिल इन्जिनियरिङ गरेका थिए । उनी राजा त्रिभुवनले बनाएको सल्लाहकार सभाको पनि सदस्य थिए । [[श्रेणी:राणा शासन]] राजा त्रिभुवनको प्रजातन्त्रको घोषणाका साथै राणा र काँग्रेसको संयुक्त सरकार बन्ने निर्णय भयो । मोहन शमशेर प्रधानमन्त्री बन्ने भए । तर [[हिमालय शमशेर जङ्गबहादुर राणा|हिमालय शमशेर]]हरुले एउटा कुरोमा अत्तो थापे । उनीहरुले मोहन शमशेरमाथि सबै भाइ भारदारहरुको श्रद्धा नभएको भन्दै [[मोहन शमशेर जङ्गबहादुर राणा|मोहन शमशेर]] प्रधानमन्त्री भएपनि मन्त्रीमण्डलमा भाइ भारदारहरुको प्रतिनिधित्व गर्ने विषय भने चुनावी प्रकृयाबाट हुनुपर्ने दवाव दिए । प्रधानमन्त्रीले मनोनयन गरेर मात्र हुँदैन भन्ने कुरोलाई अगाडि बढाए । यसका लागि हिमालय शमशेर र उनका सहयोगीहरुले रोलवाला, ए, बी र सी सबै क्लासका गरेर करिब १ सय २० जना राणाजीहरुको दस्तखत गराए । त्यो दस्तखत गरिएको कागज [[त्रिभुवन वीरविक्रम शाह|राजा त्रिभुवन]]का समक्ष पुर्‍याइयो । त्यसैको परिणाम, निर्वाचन प्रकृयाबाट नृपजङ्ग राणा र [[यज्ञबहादुर बस्न्यात|यज्ञबहादुर बस्नेत]]को मन्त्री पदमा नियुक्ति भए । मोहन शमशेरले [[बबर शम्शेर जङ्गबहादुर राणा|बबर शमशेर]], सिंह शमशेर र [[चूडाराज शमशेर|चुडाराज शमशेर]]लाई सरकारमा मनोनयन गरे ।<ref>{{Cite web |last=खनाल |first=राजेश |title=राणाविरोधी आन्दोलनमा थापाथली दरबारबाटै पर्चा निस्कन्थ्यो |url=https://baahrakhari.com/detail/167610 |access-date=2025-01-29 |website=baahrakhari }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> {{stub}} ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} 8qusdx249adkr8rnjysrkdupg1mebji 0 17326 1365988 1357847 2026-07-14T07:28:19Z ~2026-37870-54 79633 /* */ 1365988 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | image = Neer Shah.jpg | name = नीर विक्रम शाह | birth_date = अक्टोबर ११, १९५३ (उमेर ७०) | birth_place = [[काठमाडौँ|काठमाडौं]], नेपाल | nationality = नेपाली | birthname = | native_name = | native_name_lang = ne | othername = | occupation = {{hlist|[[फिल्म अभिनेता|अभिनेता]]|[[फिल्म निर्देशक|निर्देशक]]|[[फिल्म निर्माता|निर्माता]]|[[कवि]]|[[गीतकार]]|[[व्यवसायी]]}} | years_active = १९८१–वर्तमान | website = | party = [[नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस|नेपाली कांग्रेस]] | height = }} '''नीर शाह''' नेपाली सिनेकलाकार हुन् । नीर शाहको आवाज दमदार रहेकाले पनि उनी नेपाली सिनेजगतमा अझ प्रसिद्ध छन। उनलाई नेपाली चलचित्र इतिहासका प्रमुख अभिनेता र बहुआयामिक पहिचान भएका अभिनेता मानिन्छ। उनको मन पर्ने गीतकार/लेखक डा.हेमन्त खतिवडा हुन् ! <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://bossnepal.com/neer-shah-man-multiple-identities/|title=Neer Shah, man with multiple identities – Boss Nepal}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240429152912/http://bossnepal.com/neer-shah-man-multiple-identities/ |date=2024-04-29 }}</ref> उहाँ नेपालको राजपरिवारसँग सम्बन्धित हुनुहुन्छ ।<ref name="thepeninsula_tv_doha">{{cite web |date=17 October 2006 |title=Nepalese TV channel comes to Doha |url=https://www.thepeninsulaqatar.com/Display_news.asp?section=Local_News&subsection=Qatar+News&month=October2006&file=Local_News200610177414.xml |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070503035959/https://www.thepeninsulaqatar.com/Display_news.asp?section=Local_News&subsection=Qatar+News&month=October2006&file=Local_News200610177414.xml <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archivedate=3 May 2007 |accessdate=7 May 2007 |publisher=[[The Peninsula (newspaper)|The Peninsula]] }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070503035959/https://www.thepeninsulaqatar.com/Display_news.asp?section=Local_News&subsection=Qatar+News&month=October2006&file=Local_News200610177414.xml |date=3 May 2007 }}</ref> ==फिल्म करियर== नीर शाह धेरै नेपाली चलचित्रका निर्माता वा सह-निर्माता हुन्। उनले बासुदेव, पच्चिस बसन्त, बसन्ती, नेपाल भाषा चलचित्र राजामती लगायतका धेरै नेपाली चलचित्रहरु पनि निर्देशन गरेका छन् ।<ref>{{cite web |title=Film names: Director |url=https://www.nfpa.org.np/film_names_sorted_director.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070206213523/https://www.nfpa.org.np/film_names_sorted_director.pdf |archive-date=6 February 2007 |accessdate=7 May 2007 |publisher=Nepal Film Producers Association }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070206213523/https://www.nfpa.org.np/film_names_sorted_director.pdf |date=6 February 2007 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Production of Films by Decades |url=https://www.nfpa.org.np/film_names_eng.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303205758/https://www.nfpa.org.np/film_names_eng.pdf |archive-date=3 March 2016 |accessdate=7 May 2007 |publisher=Nepal Film Producers Association }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303205758/https://www.nfpa.org.np/film_names_eng.pdf |date=3 March 2016 }}</ref> उनी ओस्कारमा मनोनित चलचित्र Himalaya – l'enfance d'un chef का सह-निर्माता पनि हुन्, जसलाई फ्रान्सेली चलचित्र निर्माता एरिक भल्लीले सह-निर्मित र निर्देशन गरेका थिए।<ref>{{cite web |author=Menon |first=Sreelatha |date=3 March 2003 |title=Oscar-nominated Caravan is running to packed houses in Kathmandu |url=https://www.expressindia.com/ie/daily/20000303/ien03028.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050420223047/https://www.expressindia.com/ie/daily/20000303/ien03028.html |archive-date=2005-04-20 |accessdate=7 May 2007 |work=The Indian Express }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050420223047/https://www.expressindia.com/ie/daily/20000303/ien03028.html |date=20 April 2005 }}</ref> कारभान (क्यानडामा) र हिमालय (डेनमार्क र फ्रान्समा) को रूपमा पनि रिलिज भएको यो चलचित्र ओस्कार मनोनयन जित्ने नेपालको पहिलो चलचित्र थियो।<ref name="deccanherald_manisha">{{cite web |author=Sarkar |first=Sudeshna |date=16 May 2004 |title=Manisha Koirala is now Mother India |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/may162004/enter7.asp |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060304034748/https://www.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/may162004/enter7.asp |archivedate=4 March 2006 |accessdate=7 May 2007 |work=[[Deccan Herald]]}}</ref> शाहले प्रेम पिन्डा र बलिदान जस्ता चलचित्रमा विरोधीका साथै अन्य चरित्र भूमिका पनि निभाएका छन् । उनी केही बलिउड चलचित्रमा अतिथि कलाकारको रुपमा पनि देखिएका छन् । शाहले धेरै नेपाली र नेपाल भाषा गीतहरू पनि लेखेका छन्। उनले आफ्ना केही चलचित्रको स्क्रिप्ट लेखन पनि गरेका छन् । सन् २००१ मा, उनले फिरदौस अजिम र श्याम बेनेगल संगै दक्षिण एसियाली वृत्तचित्रहरूको महोत्सव, फिल्म दक्षिण एशिया '०१ को निर्णायकमा सेवा गरे।<ref>{{cite web |title=Report on FSA '01 |url=https://www.himalassociation.org/fsa/filmsouthasia_fsa-01-report.htm |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070411102028/https://www.himalassociation.org/fsa/filmsouthasia_fsa-01-report.htm |archivedate=11 April 2007 |accessdate=7 May 2007 |publisher=Himal Association }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070411102028/https://www.himalassociation.org/fsa/filmsouthasia_fsa-01-report.htm |date=11 April 2007 }}</ref> ==फिल्मग्राफी == === एक अभिनेताको रूपमा === {| class="wikitable" border="1" |- ! वर्ष ! शीर्षक ! भूमिका ! नोटहरू |- | १९८५ | ''कुसुमे रुमाल [[Kusume Rumal]]'' | | |- | १९८५ | प्रेम पिण्ड ''[[Prem Pinda]]'' | | |- | १९९५ | नाता रगत को ''Nata Ragat Ko'' | | |- |१९९७ |बलिदान ''Balidaan'' | | |- | २००० 2000 | ढुक ढुकी ''Dhuk Dhuki'' | | |- |2000 |''[[Yo Maya Ko Sagar]]'' |Abhayjan | |- | 2001 | ''Badal Paree'' | Arjun | |- | 2001 | ''[[Siudo Ko Sindoor]]'' | | |- | 2001 | ''[[Jeevan Sathi]]'' | | |- | 2001 | ''Gaunthali'' | | |- | 2001 | Badal Paree | | |- | 2002 | ''Bakshis'' | | |- | 2002 | ''Baacha Bandhan'' | | |- | 2003 | [[Muna Madan]] | | |- | 2008 | [[Sano Sansar (film)|Sano Sansar]] | Police Officer | |- | 2008 | Kismat | | |- |2010 |''The Flash Back: Farkera Herda'' |Sirish's uncle | |- |2014 |''Chha Yekan Chha'' |Shreeman Judge | |- |2015 |''[[Woda Number 6]]'' |Kaji | |- |2018 |''[[Chhakka Panja 3]]'' |Kaji | |- |2023 |''[[Chhakka Panja 4]]'' | |<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2022-07-25 |title=Shooting of film ‘Chakka Panja 4’ kicks off |url=http://myrepublica.nagariknetwork.com/news/129603/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220728024911/https://myrepublica.nagariknetwork.com/mycity/news/shooting-of-film-chakka-panja-4-kicks-off |archive-date=2022-07-28 |access-date=2022-08-13 |website=[[Republica (newspaper)|Republica]] |language=en }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220728024911/https://myrepublica.nagariknetwork.com/mycity/news/shooting-of-film-chakka-panja-4-kicks-off |date=2022-07-28 }}</ref> |} == सेवा == शाह नेपालको पहिलो टिभि स्टेशन नेपाल टेलिभिजन (NTV) को पहिलो प्रमुख र संस्थापक हुनुहुन्थ्यो र चलचित्र निर्माण र माइक्रोवेभ टिभी वितरण कम्पनी सांग्रिला टिभी (STV) का अध्यक्ष हुनुहुन्थियो।<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.nepalnews.com/contents/englishmonthly/businessage/2003/aug/cover.htm |title = Sky War Ground Reality |publisher = New Business Age, nepalnews.com |date = August 2003 |accessdate = 7 May 2007 }}{{dead link|date=February 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |year=2000 |title=Satellites and South Asia |url=https://www.himalmag.com/dec2000/coverfile.html |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20010209011647/https://www.himalmag.com/dec2000/coverfile.html |archivedate=2001-02-09 |accessdate=7 May 2007 |publisher=[[Himal Southasian]] }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010209011647/https://www.himalmag.com/dec2000/coverfile.html |date=2001-02-09 }}</ref> STV ले NTV को लागी धेरै कार्यक्रमहरु उत्पादन गर्यो र काठमाडौं उपत्यकामा केबल टेलिभिजन नेटवर्क पनि उपलब्ध गराएको थियो। नेपाली टिभि च्यानलहरू विदेशमा प्रसारण गर्ने युनाइटेड किंगडमस्थित फर्म ग्यालेक्सीमा शाहको ३३ प्रतिशत इक्विटी छ।<ref name="thepeninsula_tv_doha"/> निर्मल निकोलस पलसँग मिलेर उनले "८८८ फिल्म्स" नामक निर्माण कम्पनी स्थापना गरे, जसले नेपाली र हिन्दी चलचित्रहरू उत्पादन गर्छ।<ref name="deccanherald_manisha"/> उनको अर्को कम्पनी नेशनल स्टुडियोले सिनेमा निर्माणका विभिन्न क्षेत्रमा तालिम दिन्छ।<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.nepalnews.com/contents/englishmonthly/businessage/2001/sep/showbiz.htm |title = Showbiz: Training |author = Ananta Wagle |publisher = New Business Age, nepalnews.com |date = September 2001 |accessdate = 7 May 2007 }}{{dead link|date=February 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> उनी फिल्म निर्माण कम्पनी न्यू सेन्चुरी पिक्चर्स प्रालिका मालिक पनि हुन्।<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.film.gov.np/film_production.html |title=Film Producers List |publisher=[[Film Development Board]] of Nepal |accessdate=7 May 2007 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928052110/http://www.film.gov.np/film_production.html <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archivedate=28 September 2007 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928052110/http://www.film.gov.np/film_production.html |date=28 September 2007 }}</ref> शाह नेपालमा कलेज अफ जर्नलिज्म एण्ड मास कम्युनिकेसनको गभर्निङ काउन्सिलमा पनि कार्यरत छन् ।<ref>{{cite web |title=Governing Council |url=https://www.colofjournalism.edu.np/governing.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071008130441/https://www.colofjournalism.edu.np/governing.php |archive-date=8 October 2007 |accessdate=7 May 2007 |publisher=College of Journalism and Mass Communication in Nepal }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071008130441/https://www.colofjournalism.edu.np/governing.php |date=8 October 2007 }}</ref> "नेपाली कला संस्कृति र पर्यटन उद्योगको प्रवद्र्धन" मा गरेको योगदानको कदरस्वरुप सन् २००२ मा उनलाई संस्कृति, पर्यटन तथा नागरिक उड्डयन मन्त्रीबाट सम्मान गरिएको थियो।<ref>{{cite web |date=13 January 2002 |title=KC honours Nir Shah, Shrestha |url=https://www.nepalnews.com.np/contents/englishdaily/trn/2002/jan/jan13/index.htm |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20040818171649/https://www.nepalnews.com.np/contents/englishdaily/trn/2002/jan/jan13/index.htm |archivedate=18 August 2004 |accessdate=7 May 2007 |publisher=Nepal News }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040818171649/https://www.nepalnews.com.np/contents/englishdaily/trn/2002/jan/jan13/index.htm |date=18 August 2004 }}</ref> उनी हाल लण्डनमा बस्छन् । == शाही सम्बद्धता == उनका दुई दाजुमध्ये एक कुमार खड्ग विक्रम शाहको विवाह पूर्वराजा ज्ञानेन्द्र शाहकी तीन बहिनीमध्ये एक राजकुमारी शारदा शाहसँग भएको थियो। उनका दाजु र भाउजु दुवै सन् २००१ को कुख्यात शाही नरसंहारमा मारिएका थिए।<ref>{{cite web |author=Swamy |first=Raman |title=Laboratory tests revealed traces of cocaine in Dipendra's bloodstream: report |url=https://www.netguruindia.com/news/Jun01/11/NAT1.html |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714165536/https://www.netguruindia.com/news/Jun01/11/NAT1.html |archivedate=14 July 2011 |accessdate=7 May 2007 |publisher=NetGuru India }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714165536/https://www.netguruindia.com/news/Jun01/11/NAT1.html |date=14 July 2011 }}</ref> उनका अर्का भाइ ललितविक्रम शाह हुन् । ==कलाकारिता== शाहले वि.सं. २०२४ सालमा हीरासिंह खत्री निर्देशित [[परिवर्तन]]बाट चलचित्रको यात्रा सुरु गरेका हुन्। करिब ३ सय चलचित्रमा सफल अभिनय गरिसकेका छन्। सुरुमा ७ सय रूपैयाँबाट अभिनययात्रा सुरु गरेका शाह महँगा चरित्र अभिनेताका रूपमा समेत परिचित छन्। ==चलचित्र निर्देशन== निर्माण र व्यवसायमा समेत सक्रिय शाह सफल गीतकार पनि हुन्। गीतकारको हैसियतमा यसै वर्ष उनले [[छिन्नलता गीत पुरस्कार|छिन्नलता पुरस्कार]] पनि पाए। शाहले निर्देशन गरेका चलचित्रहरूः *[[बासुदेव|वासुदेव]] * पच्चीस वसन्त * राजमती *[[वसन्ती (चलचित्र)|वसन्ती]] *मसान ==नीर शाहले अभिनय गरेका चलचित्रहरु== #[[घाम छाय]] #[[प्रियसी]] #[[प्रेमपिण्ड]] #[[धुकधुकी]] #[[सिउदोको सिन्दुर]] #[[सगुन]] #[[पुकार]] #[[आँखा लोभी मन पापी]] #[[मित्रता|साथी]] #[[जीत]] #[[बुहारी]] #[[काहाँ भेटिएला]] #[[छविलाल कन्जुस छैन|छबिलाल कन्जुस छैन]] ==राजनीति== शाह नेपाली कांग्रेसमा पनि आवद्ध छन् । यसअघि नेकपा (माओवादी केन्द्र) निकट रहेका मिनेन्द्र रिजाल सञ्चारमन्त्री हुँदा नेपाल टेलिभिजनको निर्देशक बनेपछि उनी नेपाली कांग्रेससँग नजिक भएका थिए ।<ref>{{Cite web |last=यादव |first=अनिल |date=2017-11-12 |title=राजनीतिमा कलाकार : पार्टीका ‘गहना’ मात्रै? |url=https://shukrabar.nagariknetwork.com/news/3365 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200808154807/https://shukrabar.nagariknetwork.com/news/3365 |archive-date=2020-08-08 |access-date=2021-12-01 |website=[[Nagarik (daily)| Shukrabaar]] |language=ne }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200808154807/https://shukrabar.nagariknetwork.com/news/3365 |date=2020-08-08 }}</ref> ==बाहिरी लिङ्कहरू== * [http://www.ekantipur.com/saptahik/article/?id=4896 नीर शाहसँग जम्का भेट]{{Dead link|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} [[श्रेणी:नेपाली अभिनेताहरू]] [[श्रेणी:रङ्गकर्मी]] [[श्रेणी:जीवित मानिसहरू]] [[श्रेणी:गोरखा दक्षिण बाहु]] [[श्रेणी:कामना फिल्म अवार्ड विजेता]] [[श्रेणी:विकिथन-४ मा बनाइएका वा सुधारिएका लेखहरू]] [[श्रेणी:सन् १९४५ मा जन्म]] 7wr0xlioyggvohgcxicrmg46y6acbyh 1365990 1365988 2026-07-14T07:31:32Z Saroj 31493 [[Special:Contributions/~2026-37870-54|~2026-37870-54]] ([[User talk:~2026-37870-54|वार्तालाप]])द्वारा [[User:Nawaraj Ghimire|Nawaraj Ghimire]]द्वारा गरिएको पछिल्लो संशोधनतर्फ उल्टाइएका सम्पादनहरू 1357847 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | image = Neer Shah.jpg | name = नीर विक्रम शाह | birth_date = अक्टोबर ११, १९५३ (उमेर ७०) | birth_place = [[काठमाडौँ|काठमाडौं]], नेपाल | nationality = नेपाली | birthname = | native_name = | native_name_lang = ne | othername = | occupation = {{hlist|[[फिल्म अभिनेता|अभिनेता]]|[[फिल्म निर्देशक|निर्देशक]]|[[फिल्म निर्माता|निर्माता]]|[[कवि]]|[[गीतकार]]|[[व्यवसायी]]}} | years_active = १९८१–वर्तमान | website = | party = [[नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस|नेपाली कांग्रेस]] | height = }} '''नीर शाह''' नेपाली सिनेकलाकार हुन् । नीर शाहको आवाज दमदार रहेकाले पनि उनी नेपाली सिनेजगतमा अझ प्रसिद्ध छन। उनलाई नेपाली चलचित्र इतिहासका प्रमुख अभिनेता र बहुआयामिक पहिचान भएका अभिनेता मानिन्छ।<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://bossnepal.com/neer-shah-man-multiple-identities/|title=Neer Shah, man with multiple identities – Boss Nepal}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240429152912/http://bossnepal.com/neer-shah-man-multiple-identities/ |date=2024-04-29 }}</ref> उहाँ नेपालको राजपरिवारसँग सम्बन्धित हुनुहुन्छ ।<ref name="thepeninsula_tv_doha">{{cite web |date=17 October 2006 |title=Nepalese TV channel comes to Doha |url=https://www.thepeninsulaqatar.com/Display_news.asp?section=Local_News&subsection=Qatar+News&month=October2006&file=Local_News200610177414.xml |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070503035959/https://www.thepeninsulaqatar.com/Display_news.asp?section=Local_News&subsection=Qatar+News&month=October2006&file=Local_News200610177414.xml <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archivedate=3 May 2007 |accessdate=7 May 2007 |publisher=[[The Peninsula (newspaper)|The Peninsula]] }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070503035959/https://www.thepeninsulaqatar.com/Display_news.asp?section=Local_News&subsection=Qatar+News&month=October2006&file=Local_News200610177414.xml |date=3 May 2007 }}</ref> ==फिल्म करियर== नीर शाह धेरै नेपाली चलचित्रका निर्माता वा सह-निर्माता हुन्। उनले बासुदेव, पच्चिस बसन्त, बसन्ती, नेपाल भाषा चलचित्र राजामती लगायतका धेरै नेपाली चलचित्रहरु पनि निर्देशन गरेका छन् ।<ref>{{cite web |title=Film names: Director |url=https://www.nfpa.org.np/film_names_sorted_director.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070206213523/https://www.nfpa.org.np/film_names_sorted_director.pdf |archive-date=6 February 2007 |accessdate=7 May 2007 |publisher=Nepal Film Producers Association }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070206213523/https://www.nfpa.org.np/film_names_sorted_director.pdf |date=6 February 2007 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Production of Films by Decades |url=https://www.nfpa.org.np/film_names_eng.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303205758/https://www.nfpa.org.np/film_names_eng.pdf |archive-date=3 March 2016 |accessdate=7 May 2007 |publisher=Nepal Film Producers Association }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303205758/https://www.nfpa.org.np/film_names_eng.pdf |date=3 March 2016 }}</ref> उनी ओस्कारमा मनोनित चलचित्र Himalaya – l'enfance d'un chef का सह-निर्माता पनि हुन्, जसलाई फ्रान्सेली चलचित्र निर्माता एरिक भल्लीले सह-निर्मित र निर्देशन गरेका थिए।<ref>{{cite web |author=Menon |first=Sreelatha |date=3 March 2003 |title=Oscar-nominated Caravan is running to packed houses in Kathmandu |url=https://www.expressindia.com/ie/daily/20000303/ien03028.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050420223047/https://www.expressindia.com/ie/daily/20000303/ien03028.html |archive-date=2005-04-20 |accessdate=7 May 2007 |work=The Indian Express }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050420223047/https://www.expressindia.com/ie/daily/20000303/ien03028.html |date=20 April 2005 }}</ref> कारभान (क्यानडामा) र हिमालय (डेनमार्क र फ्रान्समा) को रूपमा पनि रिलिज भएको यो चलचित्र ओस्कार मनोनयन जित्ने नेपालको पहिलो चलचित्र थियो।<ref name="deccanherald_manisha">{{cite web |author=Sarkar |first=Sudeshna |date=16 May 2004 |title=Manisha Koirala is now Mother India |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/may162004/enter7.asp |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060304034748/https://www.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/may162004/enter7.asp |archivedate=4 March 2006 |accessdate=7 May 2007 |work=[[Deccan Herald]]}}</ref> शाहले प्रेम पिन्डा र बलिदान जस्ता चलचित्रमा विरोधीका साथै अन्य चरित्र भूमिका पनि निभाएका छन् । उनी केही बलिउड चलचित्रमा अतिथि कलाकारको रुपमा पनि देखिएका छन् । शाहले धेरै नेपाली र नेपाल भाषा गीतहरू पनि लेखेका छन्। उनले आफ्ना केही चलचित्रको स्क्रिप्ट लेखन पनि गरेका छन् । सन् २००१ मा, उनले फिरदौस अजिम र श्याम बेनेगल संगै दक्षिण एसियाली वृत्तचित्रहरूको महोत्सव, फिल्म दक्षिण एशिया '०१ को निर्णायकमा सेवा गरे।<ref>{{cite web |title=Report on FSA '01 |url=https://www.himalassociation.org/fsa/filmsouthasia_fsa-01-report.htm |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070411102028/https://www.himalassociation.org/fsa/filmsouthasia_fsa-01-report.htm |archivedate=11 April 2007 |accessdate=7 May 2007 |publisher=Himal Association }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070411102028/https://www.himalassociation.org/fsa/filmsouthasia_fsa-01-report.htm |date=11 April 2007 }}</ref> ==फिल्मग्राफी == === एक अभिनेताको रूपमा === {| class="wikitable" border="1" |- ! वर्ष ! शीर्षक ! भूमिका ! नोटहरू |- | १९८५ | ''कुसुमे रुमाल [[Kusume Rumal]]'' | | |- | १९८५ | प्रेम पिण्ड ''[[Prem Pinda]]'' | | |- | १९९५ | नाता रगत को ''Nata Ragat Ko'' | | |- |१९९७ |बलिदान ''Balidaan'' | | |- | २००० 2000 | ढुक ढुकी ''Dhuk Dhuki'' | | |- |2000 |''[[Yo Maya Ko Sagar]]'' |Abhayjan | |- | 2001 | ''Badal Paree'' | Arjun | |- | 2001 | ''[[Siudo Ko Sindoor]]'' | | |- | 2001 | ''[[Jeevan Sathi]]'' | | |- | 2001 | ''Gaunthali'' | | |- | 2001 | Badal Paree | | |- | 2002 | ''Bakshis'' | | |- | 2002 | ''Baacha Bandhan'' | | |- | 2003 | [[Muna Madan]] | | |- | 2008 | [[Sano Sansar (film)|Sano Sansar]] | Police Officer | |- | 2008 | Kismat | | |- |2010 |''The Flash Back: Farkera Herda'' |Sirish's uncle | |- |2014 |''Chha Yekan Chha'' |Shreeman Judge | |- |2015 |''[[Woda Number 6]]'' |Kaji | |- |2018 |''[[Chhakka Panja 3]]'' |Kaji | |- |2023 |''[[Chhakka Panja 4]]'' | |<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2022-07-25 |title=Shooting of film ‘Chakka Panja 4’ kicks off |url=http://myrepublica.nagariknetwork.com/news/129603/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220728024911/https://myrepublica.nagariknetwork.com/mycity/news/shooting-of-film-chakka-panja-4-kicks-off |archive-date=2022-07-28 |access-date=2022-08-13 |website=[[Republica (newspaper)|Republica]] |language=en }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220728024911/https://myrepublica.nagariknetwork.com/mycity/news/shooting-of-film-chakka-panja-4-kicks-off |date=2022-07-28 }}</ref> |} == सेवा == शाह नेपालको पहिलो टिभि स्टेशन नेपाल टेलिभिजन (NTV) को पहिलो प्रमुख र संस्थापक हुनुहुन्थ्यो र चलचित्र निर्माण र माइक्रोवेभ टिभी वितरण कम्पनी सांग्रिला टिभी (STV) का अध्यक्ष हुनुहुन्थियो।<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.nepalnews.com/contents/englishmonthly/businessage/2003/aug/cover.htm |title = Sky War Ground Reality |publisher = New Business Age, nepalnews.com |date = August 2003 |accessdate = 7 May 2007 }}{{dead link|date=February 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |year=2000 |title=Satellites and South Asia |url=https://www.himalmag.com/dec2000/coverfile.html |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20010209011647/https://www.himalmag.com/dec2000/coverfile.html |archivedate=2001-02-09 |accessdate=7 May 2007 |publisher=[[Himal Southasian]] }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010209011647/https://www.himalmag.com/dec2000/coverfile.html |date=2001-02-09 }}</ref> STV ले NTV को लागी धेरै कार्यक्रमहरु उत्पादन गर्यो र काठमाडौं उपत्यकामा केबल टेलिभिजन नेटवर्क पनि उपलब्ध गराएको थियो। नेपाली टिभि च्यानलहरू विदेशमा प्रसारण गर्ने युनाइटेड किंगडमस्थित फर्म ग्यालेक्सीमा शाहको ३३ प्रतिशत इक्विटी छ।<ref name="thepeninsula_tv_doha"/> निर्मल निकोलस पलसँग मिलेर उनले "८८८ फिल्म्स" नामक निर्माण कम्पनी स्थापना गरे, जसले नेपाली र हिन्दी चलचित्रहरू उत्पादन गर्छ।<ref name="deccanherald_manisha"/> उनको अर्को कम्पनी नेशनल स्टुडियोले सिनेमा निर्माणका विभिन्न क्षेत्रमा तालिम दिन्छ।<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.nepalnews.com/contents/englishmonthly/businessage/2001/sep/showbiz.htm |title = Showbiz: Training |author = Ananta Wagle |publisher = New Business Age, nepalnews.com |date = September 2001 |accessdate = 7 May 2007 }}{{dead link|date=February 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> उनी फिल्म निर्माण कम्पनी न्यू सेन्चुरी पिक्चर्स प्रालिका मालिक पनि हुन्।<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.film.gov.np/film_production.html |title=Film Producers List |publisher=[[Film Development Board]] of Nepal |accessdate=7 May 2007 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928052110/http://www.film.gov.np/film_production.html <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archivedate=28 September 2007 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928052110/http://www.film.gov.np/film_production.html |date=28 September 2007 }}</ref> शाह नेपालमा कलेज अफ जर्नलिज्म एण्ड मास कम्युनिकेसनको गभर्निङ काउन्सिलमा पनि कार्यरत छन् ।<ref>{{cite web |title=Governing Council |url=https://www.colofjournalism.edu.np/governing.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071008130441/https://www.colofjournalism.edu.np/governing.php |archive-date=8 October 2007 |accessdate=7 May 2007 |publisher=College of Journalism and Mass Communication in Nepal }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071008130441/https://www.colofjournalism.edu.np/governing.php |date=8 October 2007 }}</ref> "नेपाली कला संस्कृति र पर्यटन उद्योगको प्रवद्र्धन" मा गरेको योगदानको कदरस्वरुप सन् २००२ मा उनलाई संस्कृति, पर्यटन तथा नागरिक उड्डयन मन्त्रीबाट सम्मान गरिएको थियो।<ref>{{cite web |date=13 January 2002 |title=KC honours Nir Shah, Shrestha |url=https://www.nepalnews.com.np/contents/englishdaily/trn/2002/jan/jan13/index.htm |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20040818171649/https://www.nepalnews.com.np/contents/englishdaily/trn/2002/jan/jan13/index.htm |archivedate=18 August 2004 |accessdate=7 May 2007 |publisher=Nepal News }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040818171649/https://www.nepalnews.com.np/contents/englishdaily/trn/2002/jan/jan13/index.htm |date=18 August 2004 }}</ref> उनी हाल लण्डनमा बस्छन् । == शाही सम्बद्धता == उनका दुई दाजुमध्ये एक कुमार खड्ग विक्रम शाहको विवाह पूर्वराजा ज्ञानेन्द्र शाहकी तीन बहिनीमध्ये एक राजकुमारी शारदा शाहसँग भएको थियो। उनका दाजु र भाउजु दुवै सन् २००१ को कुख्यात शाही नरसंहारमा मारिएका थिए।<ref>{{cite web |author=Swamy |first=Raman |title=Laboratory tests revealed traces of cocaine in Dipendra's bloodstream: report |url=https://www.netguruindia.com/news/Jun01/11/NAT1.html |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714165536/https://www.netguruindia.com/news/Jun01/11/NAT1.html |archivedate=14 July 2011 |accessdate=7 May 2007 |publisher=NetGuru India }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714165536/https://www.netguruindia.com/news/Jun01/11/NAT1.html |date=14 July 2011 }}</ref> उनका अर्का भाइ ललितविक्रम शाह हुन् । ==कलाकारिता== शाहले वि.सं. २०२४ सालमा हीरासिंह खत्री निर्देशित [[परिवर्तन]]बाट चलचित्रको यात्रा सुरु गरेका हुन्। करिब ३ सय चलचित्रमा सफल अभिनय गरिसकेका छन्। सुरुमा ७ सय रूपैयाँबाट अभिनययात्रा सुरु गरेका शाह महँगा चरित्र अभिनेताका रूपमा समेत परिचित छन्। ==चलचित्र निर्देशन== निर्माण र व्यवसायमा समेत सक्रिय शाह सफल गीतकार पनि हुन्। गीतकारको हैसियतमा यसै वर्ष उनले [[छिन्नलता गीत पुरस्कार|छिन्नलता पुरस्कार]] पनि पाए। शाहले निर्देशन गरेका चलचित्रहरूः *[[बासुदेव|वासुदेव]] * पच्चीस वसन्त * राजमती *[[वसन्ती (चलचित्र)|वसन्ती]] *मसान ==नीर शाहले अभिनय गरेका चलचित्रहरु== #[[घाम छाय]] #[[प्रियसी]] #[[प्रेमपिण्ड]] #[[धुकधुकी]] #[[सिउदोको सिन्दुर]] #[[सगुन]] #[[पुकार]] #[[आँखा लोभी मन पापी]] #[[मित्रता|साथी]] #[[जीत]] #[[बुहारी]] #[[काहाँ भेटिएला]] #[[छविलाल कन्जुस छैन|छबिलाल कन्जुस छैन]] ==राजनीति== शाह नेपाली कांग्रेसमा पनि आवद्ध छन् । यसअघि नेकपा (माओवादी केन्द्र) निकट रहेका मिनेन्द्र रिजाल सञ्चारमन्त्री हुँदा नेपाल टेलिभिजनको निर्देशक बनेपछि उनी नेपाली कांग्रेससँग नजिक भएका थिए ।<ref>{{Cite web |last=यादव |first=अनिल |date=2017-11-12 |title=राजनीतिमा कलाकार : पार्टीका ‘गहना’ मात्रै? |url=https://shukrabar.nagariknetwork.com/news/3365 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200808154807/https://shukrabar.nagariknetwork.com/news/3365 |archive-date=2020-08-08 |access-date=2021-12-01 |website=[[Nagarik (daily)| Shukrabaar]] |language=ne }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200808154807/https://shukrabar.nagariknetwork.com/news/3365 |date=2020-08-08 }}</ref> ==बाहिरी लिङ्कहरू== * [http://www.ekantipur.com/saptahik/article/?id=4896 नीर शाहसँग जम्का भेट]{{Dead link|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} [[श्रेणी:नेपाली अभिनेताहरू]] [[श्रेणी:रङ्गकर्मी]] [[श्रेणी:जीवित मानिसहरू]] [[श्रेणी:गोरखा दक्षिण बाहु]] [[श्रेणी:कामना फिल्म अवार्ड विजेता]] [[श्रेणी:विकिथन-४ मा बनाइएका वा सुधारिएका लेखहरू]] [[श्रेणी:सन् १९४५ मा जन्म]] lrej5b7l0991un7h15qz4scjfpktpdw 0 25149 1365940 1357420 2026-07-14T04:41:35Z Bishaldev100 28807 /* यो पनि हेर्नुहोस् */ 1365940 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:LPG cylinders.JPG|thumb|दुई {{convert|45|kg|lb|abbr=on}}को एलपिजी सिलिन्डर]] '''एलपिजी ग्यास''' वा '''एलपी ग्यास''' (लिक्विफाइड पेट्रोलियम ग्यास), [[हाइड्रोकार्बन|हाइड्रोकार्बन ग्यास]]हरूको एक ज्वलनशील मिश्रण हो जसको उपयोग तापीय उपकरणहरू, खाना पकाउनका लागि प्रयोग गरिने उपकरण र वाहनहरूमा [[इन्धन]]को रूपमा गर्ने गरिन्छ। [[ओजोन तह]]लाई हुने हानि नोक्सानीलाई कम गर्ने प्रयासमा [[क्लोरोफ्लोरोकार्बन]]को ठाउँमा एउटा एयरोसोल प्रोपेलेन्ट र एक रेफ्रिजरेन्टको रूपमा यसको अत्यधिक उपयोग गर्ने गरिन्छ। एलपिजी ग्यास विशेष रूपले वाहन इन्धनको रूपमा उपयोग गर्ने गरिन्छ, सोही कारण यसलाई प्रायः अटोग्यासको रूपमा पनि सन्दर्भित गर्ने गरिन्छ। खरिद गरिएको र बेचिएको एलपिजी ग्यासको सिलिन्डर प्रकारहरूमा धेरै मात्रामा [[प्रोपेन]] (C₃H₈), [[ब्युटेन]] (C₄H₁₀) को प्रयोग गरिएको हुन्छ साथै प्रोपेन र ब्युटेन दुईटैलाई मिसाएर एलपिजी ग्यास बनाइने गरिन्छ। [[उत्तरी गोलार्ध]]मा [[शरद ऋतु|जाडोयाम]]मा, यी दुवैको मिश्रणमा धेरै मात्रामा प्रोपेनको प्रयोग गरिएको हुने गर्छ, जबकि [[ग्रीष्म ऋतु|ग्रीष्मयाम]]मा, यसमा ब्युटेनको बढी प्रयोग गरिएको हुने गर्दछ। [[संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका]]मा, मुख्य रूपले एलपिजीको दुई वटा ग्रेड बेचिने गरिन्छ: वाणिज्यिक प्रोपेन र एचडी-५ । यो विनिर्देश ग्यास प्रोसेसर एसोसिएसन (जिपिए) र अमेरिकी सोसाइटी अफ टेस्टिङ एन्ड मेटेरियल (एएसटिएम)द्वारा प्रकाशित गर्ने गरिन्छ। यी विशिष्टताहरूमा प्रोपेन/ब्युटेन मिश्रण पनि सूचीबद्ध भएको छ। प्रोपालिन, ब्युटाइलिन र विभिन्न अन्य हाइड्रोकार्बन पनि सामान्यतया C₂H₆, CH₄ र C₃H₈ ब्युटेन जस्ता सानो मात्रामा गाढा घोलमा समावेस भएका हुन्छन्। HD-5 प्रोपालिनको मात्रालाई सीमित गर्ने गर्दछ जसलाई एलपिजी ग्यासमा ५% सम्म राख्न सकिन्छ र यसलाई अटोग्यास विनिर्देशका रूपमा उपयोग गर्ने गरिन्छ। एलपिजी ग्यासमा एउटा शक्तिशाली गन्ध, इथेनथियोलको प्रयोग गरिएको हुने गर्छ जसले गर्दा ग्यास चुहावट भएको कुरा सजिलै पता लगाउन सकिन्छ। अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय स्तरमा मान्यता प्राप्त युरोपेली मानक इएन ५८९ हो। [[संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका]] मा, टेट्राहाइड्रोथियोफिन (थियोफेन) वा एमाइल मर्केप्टनलाई पनि अनुमोदित गन्धक नै हुने गर्दछ, यधपि यसलाई वर्तमानमा उपयोग गर्ने गरिएको छ। ==यो पनि हेर्नुहोस्== * [[प्राकृतिक ग्याँस|प्राकृतिक ग्यास]] {{Fuel gas}} [[श्रेणी:पेट्रोलियम पदार्थहरू]] f7bq9r1q99e4iubj79rvjkl40s6gvf2 0 25708 1365904 1365853 2026-07-14T00:00:49Z THIAGOW13 68826 1365904 wikitext text/x-wiki {{विशेष लेख|व्यक्तित्व}} {{Infobox football biography | playername = लियोनेल मेसी | image = Lionel Messi Argentina v Egypt 7 July 2026-112(cropped).jpg|<nowiki>250px]]</nowiki> | caption = २०२६ फिफा विश्वकपमा | fullname = लियोनेल आन्द्रेस मेसी | dateofbirth = {{Birth date and age|1987|06|24}} | cityofbirth = [[रोसारियो, सान्टा फे|रोसारियो]] | countryofbirth = [[अर्जेन्टिना]] | height = ५ फिट ७ इन्च <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.celebheightweight.com/2015/01/lionel-messi-height-weight-age-measurements-net-worth/|title=Lionel Messi Height, Weight, Age, Measurements, Net Worth |publisher=Celebrity Measurements|date= |accessdate=2015-01-12}}</ref> | position = [[अग्रपङ्क्ति (फुटबल)|अग्रपङ्ति]]/[[अग्रपङ्क्ति (फुटबल)#विङ्गर|विङ्गर]] | currentclub = [[एफसी बार्सिलोना|बार्सिलोना]] | clubnumber = १० | youthyears1 = १९९५–२००० | youthyears2 = २०००–२००४ | youthclubs1 = [[न्युवेल्स ओल्ड ब्वाइज]] | youthclubs2 = [[एफसी बार्सिलोना|बार्सिलोना]] | years1 = २००४–२००५ | clubs1 = [[एफसी बार्सिलोना|बार्सिलोना]] ख | caps1 = २२<!--LEAGUE APPS ONLY --> | goals1 = ६<!--LEAGUE GOALS ONLY --> | years2 = २००४–२०२१ | clubs2 = [[एफसी बार्सिलोना|बार्सिलोना]] | caps2 = ५२०<!--LEAGUE APPS ONLY --> | goals2 = ४७४<!--LEAGUE GOALS ONLY --> | nationalyears1 = २००५ | nationalyears2 = २००८ | nationalyears3 = २००५– | nationalteam1 = [[अर्जेन्टिना राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|अर्जेन्टिना]] यु-२० | nationalteam2 = [[अर्जेन्टिना ओलम्पिक फुटबल टोली|अर्जेन्टिना यु-२३]] | nationalteam3 = [[अर्जेन्टिना राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|अर्जेन्टिना]] | nationalcaps1 = १८ | nationalgoals1 = १४ | nationalcaps2 = ५ | nationalgoals2 = २ | nationalcaps3 = १८७ | nationalgoals3 = १०९ | medaltemplates = {{MedalCountry|{{ARG}}}}{{MedalSport|पुरुष [[फुटबल खेल|फुटबल]]}}{{MedalGold|[[२००८ बेइजिङ ओलम्पिक|२००८ बेइजिङ]]|[[२००८ बेइजिङ ओलम्पिक#पुरुष फुटबल प्रतियोगिता|समूह प्रतियोगिता]]}} {{ARG}}{{Trophy}}|[[२०२१ कोपा अमेरिका]] | pcupdate = २२:४८, २२ अक्टोबर २०१७ (युटिसी(UTC)) | ntupdate = २२:४८, २२ मे २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) | years3 = २०२१-२०२३ | clubs3 = पेरिस साइन्ट जर्मा | caps3 = ५८ | goals3 = २२ | years4 = २०२३- | clubs4 = इन्टर मायामी | caps4 = १८ | goals4 = १३ }} '''लियोनेल आन्द्रेस मेसी''' (जन्मः २४ जुन, १९८७) अर्जेन्टिनी [[फुटबल खेलाडी]] हुन्। वर्तमान उनी अमेरिकी [[मेजर लिग सकर]] क्लब [[इन्टर मियामी]] र [[अर्जेन्टिना राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|अर्जेन्टिना]]को लागि अग्रपङ्क्तिको रूपमा खेल्दै आएका छन्। यसअघि उनी फ्रान्सेली क्लब [[पेरिस सेन्ट-जर्मेन फुटबल क्लब|पेरिस सेन्ट-जर्मेन]]बाट लिग वान (लिग १) र [[ला लिगा]]मा प्रतिस्पर्धा गर्ने क्लब [[एफसी बार्सिलोना|बार्सिलोना]]को लागि खेल्नेेेे गरेका थिए। मेसी आफ्नो पुस्ताका सर्वश्रेष्ठ [[फुटबल खेलाडी]]हरू मध्ये एक मानिन्छन्;<ref>{{cite news | last = Broadbent | first = Rick | date = 2006-02-24 | url = http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/sport/football/european_football/article734407.ece | title = Messi could be focal point for new generation | publisher = ''Times Online'' | accessdate = 2009-03-31 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727181929/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/sport/football/european_football/article734407.ece |date=2011-07-27 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | last = Gordon | first = Phil | date = 2008-07-28 | url = http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/sport/football/scotland/article4412665.ece | title = Lionel Messi proves a class apart | publisher = ''Times Online'' | accessdate = 2009-03-31 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081204081721/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/sport/football/scotland/article4412665.ece |date=2008-12-04 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | last = Williams | first = Richard | date = 2008-04-24 | url = http://www.guardian.co.uk/sport/blog/2008/apr/24/ronaldosspotofanguishmessi?commentpage=2 | title = Messi's dazzling footwork leaves an indelible mark | publisher = ''The Guardian'' | accessdate = 2009-03-31}}</ref> उनले २१ वर्षको उमेरमानै [[फिफा बेलोन डी' ओर|बेलोन डी' ओर]] र [[फिफा]] सर्वश्रेष्ठ [[फिफा वर्षको सर्वोत्कृष्ट खेलाडी|वर्षको खेलाडी]]को उपाधि जितेका थिए।<ref>{{cite news | url = http://www.rsssf.com/miscellaneous/europa-poy.html | title = European Footballer of the Year ("Ballon d'Or") | publisher = RSSSF | accessdate = 2009-07-07}}</ref><ref name="Gala 2008">{{cite news | url = http://es.fifa.com/mm/document/classic/awards/99/15/28/resultsmenforfifa.combyplayer.pdf | title = FIFA World Player Gala 2008 | publisher = FIFA | accessdate = 2009-07-07 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190515125420/https://es.fifa.com/mm/document/classic/awards/99/15/28/resultsmenforfifa.combyplayer.pdf |date=2019-05-15 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url = http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/classic/awards/finalmenbyplayer_32209.pdf | title = FIFA World Player Gala 2007 | publisher = FIFA | accessdate = 2009-07-07}}</ref> उनको खेल शैली र क्षमताको कारणले गर्दा उनलाई फुटबलको बादशाह भनेर चिनिने [[डिएगो म्याराडोना|म्याराडोना]]सँग तुलना गरिन्छ।<ref>{{cite news | last = Gardner | first = Neil | date = 2007-04-19 | url = http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/sport/football/article1676692.ece | title = Is Messi the new Maradona? | publisher = ''Times Online'' | accessdate = 2009-03-31 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629112333/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/sport/football/article1676692.ece |date=2011-06-29 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/english/doc/2006-02/25/content_523966.htm|title=Maradona proclaims Messi as his successor|author=Reuters|publisher=''China Daily''|date=2006-02-25|accessdate=2006-10-08}}</ref> मेसीले कम उमेरमानै फुटबल खेल्न शुरू गरे र चाँडै नै [[बार्सिलोना]]ले उनको क्षमता पहिचान गर्‍यो। उनले सन् २००० मा [[रोसारियो]]मा अवस्थित [[न्युवेल्स ओल्ड ब्वाइज]] युवा टोली छोडेर आफ्नो परिवारसित युरोप आए, किनकि [[बार्सिलोना]]ले उनको विकास हार्मोनको कमीको लागि उपचार गरिदिने प्रस्ताव राखेको थियो। सन् २००४-०५ सिजनमा पहिलो पटक मैदानमा ओर्लेर उनले सबैभन्दा कम उमेरमा लिग खेल खेल्ने फुटबल खेलाडीको [[ला लिगा रेकर्ड]] तोडे र साथै सबैभन्दा कम उमेरमा लिग गोल स्कोर गर्ने खेलाडी बने। मेसीको प्रथम आगमनमै उनले [[बार्सिलोना]]लाई [[ला लिगा]] जिताउन सफल भए र सन् २००६ मा पुन: सो लिग र [[युइएफए युरोपेली च्याम्पियनसिप|युइएफए यूरोपियन च्याम्पियनशीप]] जिताएर चाँडै नै प्रमुख सम्मान प्राप्त गरे। सन् २००६-०७ उनको सफलताको सिजन थियो: [[एल क्लासिको]]मा एक ह्याट्रिक र २६ लिग म्याचहरूमा १४ गोल गर्दै, उनले नियमित रूपले खेल जित्ने पहिलो समूहमा ठाउँ बनाए। सम्भवतः सन् २००८-०९ को सिजन उनको सबैभन्दा सफल सिजन थियो, जसमा मेसी ३८ गोल गर्दै लगातार तेस्रो विजय अभियानको अभिन्न अङ्ग बने। मेसी, २००५ फिफा विश्व युवा च्याम्पियनसिपमा अन्तिम खेलमा २ गोल सहित जम्मा ६ गोल गरी शीर्ष स्कोर गर्ने खेलाडी बने। त्यसको लगत्तै, उनी [[अर्जेन्टिना]]को अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय टोलीको एक सदस्यको रूपमा स्थापित भए। सन् २००६ मा, उनी अर्जेन्टिनाबाट [[फिफा विश्वकप]]मा खेल्ने सबैभन्दा कम उमेरको खेलाडी बने र अर्को वर्ष उनले [[कोपा अमेरिका]] प्रतियोगितामा उप-विजेताको पदक जित्न सफल भए। सन् २००८ मा, उनले [[अर्जेन्टिना]] ओलम्पिक फुटबल टोलीसँग [[बेइजिङ]]मा भएको [[ओलम्पिक खेल|ओलम्पिक]] खेलमा आफ्नो पहिलो अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय सम्मान, [[ओलम्पिक खेल|ओलम्पिक]] स्वर्ण पदक जितेका थिए। २०२१ [[ब्राजिल]] मा भएको [[कोपा अमेरिका]] को उपाधि पनि मेसी कै कप्तानीमा अर्जेन्टिनाले जितेको थियो। == प्रारम्भिक जीवन == मेसीको जन्म सन् २४ जुन, १९८७ मा [[रोसारियो]], [[अर्जेन्टिना]]मा जर्ज मेसी (एक [[कारखाना]] मजदुर) र सीलिया (उर्फ कुक्कीटिनी) (एक अंशकालिक क्लीनर) दम्पतीको घरमा भएको थियो।<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.pagina12.com.ar/diario/deportes/8-121094-2009-03-07.html | last = Veiga | first = Gustavo | publisher = ''Página/12'' | title = Los intereses de Messi | accessdate = 2009-05-31|language= Spanish}}</ref><ref name="mission">{{cite web | url = http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/sport/football/european_football/article3779961.ece | publisher = ''Times Online'' | title = Lionel Messi on a mission | last = Hawkey | first = Ian | date = 2008-04-20 | accessdate = 2009-05-30 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080830020412/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/sport/football/european_football/article3779961.ece |date=2008-08-30 }}</ref> उनको पुर्खाको उद्गम [[इटाली]]को सहर एङ्कोनाबाट भयो, जहाँबाट सन् १८८३ मा उनको पूर्वज, एञ्जलो मेसी अर्जेन्टिनामा प्रवेश गरेका थिए।<ref name="El origen de los Messi">{{cite web |url=http://www.aldia.cr/ad_ee/2006/febrero/24/ovacion11.html |title= El origen de los Messi está en Italia |accessdate=2009-07-07 | date=2006-02-24 | publisher=''Al Día'' | last = Aguilar | first = Alexander |language= Spanish}}</ref><ref name="Las raíces italianas de Leo Messi">{{cite web |url=http://hemeroteca.elmundodeportivo.es/preview/2005/10/07/pagina-5/722791/pdf.html |title= Las raíces italianas de Leo Messi |accessdate=2009-07-07 |date = 2005-10-07 |publisher=''El Mundo Deportivo''| last = Cubero | first = Cristina|language= Spanish}}</ref> उनको रडरिगो तथा मेशियस नाम गरेका दुई दाजुहरूका साथै मारिया सोल नाम गरेकी एक बहिनी पनि छन्।<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.nbcolympics.com/athletes/athlete=1246/bio/ | publisher = NBC | title = Lionel Messi bio | accessdate = 2009-05-30 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170513153151/http://www.nbcolympics.com/athletes/athlete=1246/bio |date=2017-05-13 }}</ref> मेसी पाँच वर्षको उमेरदेखि आफ्ना बुवा जर्ज मेसीले प्रशिक्षण गरिरहेको एक स्थानीय क्लब ग्रैन्डोलीको लागि फुटबल खेल्न आरम्भ गरे।<ref name="Williams"/> सन् १९९५ मा मेसी आफ्नो गृहनगर रोसारियोमा अवस्थित [[न्युवेल ओल्ड ब्वाइज]] क्लबको लागि खेल्न शुरू गरे।<ref name="Williams">{{cite web | last = Williams | first = Richard | url = http://www.guardian.co.uk/football/2006/feb/24/championsleague1 | publisher = ''The Guardian'' | title = Messi has all the qualities to take world by storm | accessdate = 2008-05-03 | date = 2006-02-26}}</ref> ११ वर्षको उमेरमा उनको प्रारम्भिक परीक्षणमा शारीरिक विकास हार्मोनको कमी पाइयो।<ref>{{cite news | url = http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/european/championsleague/5099857/Franck-Ribery-the-man-to-challenge-Lionel-Messi-and-Barcelona.html | title = Franck Ribery the man to challenge Lionel Messi and Barcelona | publisher = ''Daily Telegraph'' | last = White | first = Duncan | date = 2009-04-04 | accessdate = 2009-07-07}}</ref> प्राथमिक डिभिजन क्लब रिभर प्लेटले मेसीको उपचार प्रति चासो देखायो तर क्लबसँग उनको उपचारको लागि पर्याप्त सम्पति थिएन किनभने उनको उपचारमा प्रति महिना ९०० अमेरिकी डलर लाग्थ्यो।<ref name="mission"/>[[लेइडा]], [[क्याटालोनिया]]मा रहेका मेसीका एकजना आफन्तले [[बार्सिलोना]]का खेल प्रबन्धक [[कार्ल्स रिक्सैक]]लाई मेसीको प्रतिभाको बारेमा बताए र मेसी र उनको बुवाको लागि परीक्षण दिने व्यवस्था मिलाए।<ref name="mission"/> उनको खेल परीक्षण गरे पछि बार्सिलोनाले उनलाई यदि उनी [[स्पेन]] स्थान्तरित हुन तयार छन् भने उनको उपचार खर्च ब्यहोर्ने शर्तमा अनुबन्धन गर्‍यो।<ref name="Williams"/><ref name="fifa.com"/> त्यसपछि मेसी सपरिवार [[युरोप]] स्थान्तरित भए र [[बार्सिलोना]]क्लबको युवा टोलीमा खेल्न शुरू गरे।<ref name="fifa.com">{{cite news |url=http://www.fifa.com/tournaments/archive/tournament=107/edition=248388/news/newsid=103182.html |title=The new messiah |publisher=FIFA |date=2006-03-05 |accessdate=2006-07-25}}</ref> == क्लब जीवन == === बार्सिलोना === मेसीले सन् १६ नोभेम्बर, २००३ मा (१६ वर्ष र १४५ दिनको उमेरमा) [[पोर्टो]] बिरुद्ध एक [[मैत्रीपूर्ण खेल]]बाट आफ्नो पहिलो क्लबको लागि आफ्नो खेल जीवनको औपचारिक शुरूवात गरे।<ref name="footballdb"/><ref>{{cite news|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2009/SPORT/football/05/22/messi.football.best.world/index.html|title=Profile: Lionel Messi|author=Tutton, Mark and Duke, Greg|publisher=CNN|date=2009-05-22|accessdate=2009-05-30}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190411213640/http://edition.cnn.com/2009/SPORT/football/05/22/messi.football.best.world/index.html |date=2019-04-11 }}</ref> त्यसको एक वर्षभन्दा पनि कम समयमा नै सन् २०१६ अक्टोबर, २००४ मा (१७ वर्ष र ११४ दिनको उमेरमा) [[फ्रान्क रिजकार्ड]]ले उनलाई [[इस्पेन्योल]] बिरुद्धको खेलबाट आफ्नो पहिलो लिग खेल शुरूवात गर्ने मौका दिए र उनी त्यस समयसम्ममा [[बार्सिलोना]]को लागि खेल्न तेस्रो सबैभन्दा कम उमेरको खेलाडी र [[ला लिगा]]मा गोल गर्ने सबैभन्दा युवा क्लब खेलाडी बने (जुन रेकर्ड सन् सेप्टेम्वर, २००७ उनकै सहकर्मी [[बोजन क्रिच]]ले तोडे)।<ref name="footballdb"/> जब उनले सन् १ मे, २००५ मा [[अल्बासेट बोलाम्पि]]को बिरुद्ध क्लबको लागि आफ्नो पहिलो सिनियर गोल गरे तब मेसी १७ वर्ष, १० महिना र ७ दिनको उमेरका थिए र उनी [[बार्सिलोना]]को लागि ला लिगा खेलमा गोल गर्ने सबैभन्दा कम उमेरको खेलाडी बने,<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.fcbarcelona.com/web/english/noticies/futbol/temporada07-08/10/n071016101878.html | title = Meteoric rise in three years | accessdate = 2008-05-03 | publisher = fcbarcelona.com }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110906093707/http://www.fcbarcelona.com/web/english/noticies/futbol/temporada07-08/10/n071016101878.html |date=2011-09-06 }}</ref> जुन रेकर्ड २००७ मा मेसीकै सहयोगमा बोजन क्रिचले तोडे।)<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.fcbarcelona.cat/web/english/noticies/futbol/temporada07-08/10/n071020101276.html | title = Krkic enters the record books | accessdate = 2009-07-16 | date= 2007-10-21| publisher = fcbarcelona.cat|last = Nogueras | first = Sergi}}</ref> मेसीले आफ्नो पूर्व प्रशिक्षक [[फ्रान्क रिजकार्ड]]को बारेमा भनेका छन्: '''उनले मेरो खेल जीवनको शुरुवात गराएको तथ्य म कहिल्यै भुल्न सक्दिन, उनले म १६/१७ वर्षको मात्र हुँदा नै ममा विश्वास जगाए।''' <ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.goal.com/nl/news/545/spanje/2009/12/10/1679579/messi-rijkaard-gaf-ons-meer-vrijheid | title = Messi: "Rijkaard gave us more freedom" | accessdate = 2009-12-10 | date= 2007-12-10| publisher = Goal.com}}</ref> ==== २००५-०६ सिजन ==== १६ सेप्टेम्बरमा तीन महिनामा नै दोस्रोपटक बार्सिलोनाले मेसीको अनुबन्धनको म्याद थप गरेको घोषणा गर्‍यो, यसपल्ट उनलाई पहिलो समूहको सदस्यको रूपमा भुक्तानी दिने र जुन २०१४ सम्म अनुबन्धन म्याद थप्ने कार्य भयो।<ref name="Williams"/> मेसीले २६ सेप्टेम्बर<ref>{{cite news |url=http://thestar.com.my/sports/story.asp?file=/2005/9/28/sports/12165057&sec=sports |title=Good news for Barcelona as Messi gets his Spanish passport |publisher=''The Star Online''|date=2005-05-28 |accessdate=2009-05-29}}</ref> मा स्पेनी [[नागरिकता]] प्राप्त गरेर ग्रहण गरे र अन्ततः [[सिजन]]को [[स्पेनी फर्स्ट डिभिजन]]मा पहिलोपल्ट खेल्नमा सक्षम भए। मेसीले २७ सेप्टेम्बरमा पहिलोपटक गृहमैदान बाहिर [[युएएफए च्याम्पियनस लिग]]मा इटालियन क्लब [[उडिनीज]] बिरुद्ध खेले।<ref name="footballdb">{{cite news |url=http://www.footballdatabase.com/index.php?page=player&Id=222&b=true |title=Lionel Andres Messi - FCBarcelona and Argentina |publisher=Football Database |accessdate=2006-08-23}}</ref> मेसीको आत्मसंयम र [[रोनाल्डिन्हो]]सँग संयोजनले बार्सिलोना राम्रो स्थितिमा पुगेकोले बार्सिलोना [[क्याम्प नउ]] स्टेडियममा प्रशंसकहरूले उभिएर ताली बजाएर सम्मान गरेका थिए।<ref>{{cite news |author=Reuters |url=http://in.rediff.com/sports/2005/sep/28messi.htm |title=Ronaldinho scores the goals, Messi takes the plaudits |publisher=Rediff|date= 2005-09-28 |accessdate=2006-08-23}}</ref> मेसीले सत्र लिग खेलहरूमा ६ (छ) गोल गरे, सो छ मध्यमा एक [[च्याम्पियन्स लिग]] गोल स्कोर गरे। ७ मार्च, २००६मा [[च्याम्पियन्स लिग टाई]]को दोस्रो चरणको खेलमा [[चेल्सी फुटबल क्लब|चेल्सी]] बिरुद्धको खेलको क्रममा दायाँ तिग्राको मासु पल्टिएको कारण समय भन्दा पहिले उनको सिजन समाप्त भयो।<ref>{{cite news |url=http://soccernet.espn.go.com/news/story?id=366008&cc=3436 |title=Frustrated Messi suffers another injury setback |publisher=ESPN Soccernet |date=2006-04-26 |accessdate=2006-07-22 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024073801/http://soccernet.espn.go.com/news/story?id=366008&cc=3436 |date=2012-10-24 }}</ref> [[फ्रान्क रिजकार्ड]]को बार्सिलोनाले सो सिजन [[स्पेन]] र [[युरोप|यूरोप]]को विजेताको रूपमा समापन गर्‍यो।<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/premier-league/arsenal-1-barcelona-2-barcelona-crush-heroic-arsenal-in-space-of-four-brutal-minutes-478659.html |title=Arsenal 1 Barcelona 2: Barcelona crush heroic Arsenal in space of four brutal minutes |last = Wallace | first = Sam | publisher=''The Independent'' |date= 2006-05-18 |accessdate=2009-06-03 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/europe/4970966.stm |title=Barca retain Spanish league title | publisher=BBC Sport |date= 2006-05-03 |accessdate=2009-06-03 }}</ref> ==== २००६-०७ सिजन ==== [[चित्र:Barcelona vs Rangers.jpg|thumb|220px|right|२००७मा रेन्जर्सको बिरुद्ध एक खेलमा मेसी]] [[२००६-०७ सिजन]]मा, २६ खेलहरूमा १४ गोल गर्दै मेसीले आफूलाई समूहको नियमित अग्रस्थानको खेलाडीको रूपमा स्थापित गरे।<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.national-football-teams.com/v2/player.php?id=12563 |title=Lionel Messi at National Football Teams |publisher=National Football Teams |accessdate=2009-07-17 }}</ref> १२ नोभेम्बरमा भएको [[रियल जारागोजा]] बिरुद्धको खेलमा मेसीको [[खु्ट्टा]]को हड्डी भाँचियो, जसको कारणले उनी तीन महिनाको खेल खेल्नबाट वञ्चित भए।<ref>{{cite press release |url=http://www.fcbarcelona.com/eng/noticias/noticias/n06111404.shtml |title=Doctors happy with Messi op |publisher=FCBarcelona.com |date=2006-11-14 |accessdate=2006-11-16 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061126040828/http://www.fcbarcelona.com/eng/noticias/noticias/n06111404.shtml |date=2006-11-26 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.fifa.com/en/comp/index/0,2442,125576,00.html?articleid=125576 |title=Messi to miss FIFA Club World Cup |date=2006-11-13 |publisher=FIFA.com/Reuters |accessdate=2006-01-18 }}</ref> मेसी आफ्नो चोट निको नहुँदासम्म अर्जेन्टिनामा बसे र निको भएपछि ११ फेब्रुअरीमा [[रेसिङ्ग स्याट्यान्डर]] बिरुद्धको खेलमा मैदानमा उत्रिए।<ref>{{cite news |url=http://barcelona.theoffside.com/la-liga/barcelona-racing-santander-sunday-3pm-est.html |title=Barcelona - Racing Santander |publisher=The Offside |date=2008-01-19 |accessdate=2009-05-30 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081012110422/http://barcelona.theoffside.com/la-liga/barcelona-racing-santander-sunday-3pm-est.html |date=2008-10-12 }}</ref> जसमा उनी दोस्रो-हाफमा स्थानापन्नको रूपमा संलग्न भए। ११ मार्चमा, रियल म्याड्रिड बिरुद्धको खेल ''([[एल क्लासिको]])''मा १० जना खेलाडी मात्र सीमित बार्सिलोनाबाट खेलेका मेसीले [[ह्याट-ट्रिक]] गर्दै ३-३ को बराबरीमा रोकेर आफ्नो क्षमता प्रदर्शन गरे, जसमा उनले तेस्रो गोल इन्जुरी-समयमा गरेका थिए।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/european/barcelona-3-real-madrid-3-magical-messi-is-barcelonas-hero-439788.html|title=Magical Messi is Barcelona's hero|last = Hayward | first = Ben |publisher=''The Independent''|date=2007-03-11|accessdate=2009-05-30|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20110906081352/http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/european/barcelona-3-real-madrid-3-magical-messi-is-barcelonas-hero-439788.html|archivedate=2011-09-06}}</ref> यस प्रदर्शनबाट उनी [[इवान जमोरानो]] (रियल मैड्रिडको १९९४-९५ सिजनमा) पछि ''एल क्लासिको''मा लगातार तीन गोल गर्ने पहिले खेलाडी बने,<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/clubfootball/news/newsid=113101.html |title=Inter beat AC, Messi headlines derby |date=2007-03-11 |publisher=FIFA |accessdate=2009-05-30 }}</ref> साथै मेसी यस खेलमा गोल गर्ने सबैभन्दा कम उमेरको खेलाडी पनि बने। उनले यस सिजनमा गरेका १४ गोलहरू मध्य ११ गोल अन्तिम १३ खेलहरूमा गरेका थिए।<ref>{{cite news |url=http://soccernet.espn.go.com/players/gamelog?id=45843&season=2006&cc=5739 |title=Lionel Messi 2006/07 season statistics |publisher=ESPN Soccernet |accessdate=2009-06-03 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100326235840/http://soccernet.espn.go.com/players/gamelog?id=45843 |date=2010-03-26 }}</ref> [[चित्र:Lionel Messi goal 19abr2007.jpg|thumb|left|220px|मेसी, गेटाफे बिरुद्ध गोल गर्नु भन्दा ठीक पहिले]] मेसीले एकै सिजनको क्रममा म्याराडोनाको सबैभन्दा प्रसिद्ध गोलहरूलाई लगभग दोहोराउँदै आफूलाई "नयाँ म्याराडोना"को रूपमा साबित गरे।<ref name="maradonalike">{{cite news |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/european/2311407/The-greatest-goal-ever.html |title=The greatest goal ever? |date=2007-04-20 |publisher=''Daily Telegraph'' | last = Lowe| first = Sid | accessdate=2009-07-07 }}</ref> १८ अप्रिल, २००७मा उनले [[कोपा डेल रे]]को सेमी-फाइनलमा [[गेटाफे]] बिरुद्धको खेलमा दुई गोल गरे, जुन मेक्सिकोमा सम्पन्न [[१९८६ FIFA विश्व कप]]मा [[बेलायत|इङ्ल्यान्ड]] बिरुद्धको खेलमा म्याराडोनाले गरेका [[प्रसिद्ध गोल]]हरू सँग धेरै मिल्दो-जुल्दो थियो।<ref>{{cite web| url=http://soccernet.espn.go.com/news/story?id=423002&cc=3888| title=Messi dazzles as Barça reach Copa Final| publisher=ESPN Soccernet| date=2007-04-18}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024073812/http://soccernet.espn.go.com/news/story?id=423002&cc=3888 |date=2012-10-24 }}</ref> विश्वका खेल पत्रकारहरूले उनलाई म्याराडोनासँग तुलना गरे र स्पेनिश पत्रिकाहरूले मेसीलाई "मेसीडोना" उपनाम दिए।<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.hindu.com/2007/07/14/stories/2007071455691800.htm | title= Can ‘Messidona’ beat Maradona? | publisher=''The Hindu''| date=2007-07-14}}</ref> उनले यस खेलमा उही ६२ मिटरको दुरी पार गर्दै, त्यति नै खेलाडीहरू (गोलकीपर सहित ६ जना)लाई छक्काउँदै, लगभग एउटै नै स्थानबाट गोल गरे र कुनाको झन्डातिर दौडिए, जुन २१ वर्ष पहिला म्याराडोनाले मेक्सिकोमा गरेका थिए।<ref name="maradonalike"/> खेलपछि एक पत्रकार सम्मेलनमा मेसीका समकक्षी खेलाडी [[डेको]]ले भने: "यो मैले आफ्नो जीवनमा देखेका गोल मध्य सर्वोत्कृष्ट गोल हो।"<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/main.jhtml?xml=/sport/2007/04/20/sfnmes20.xml |title=The greatest goal ever? |last=Lowe |first=Sid |publisher=''Daily Telegraph'' |date=2007-04-20 |accessdate=2007-05-07 }}</ref> [[स्पेनियोल]] बिरुद्धको खेलमा पनि मेसीले एउटा यस्तो गोल गरे, जुन विश्वकपको क्वार्टर फाइनलमा इंग्ल्यान्ड बिरुद्धको खेलमा म्याराडोनाले गरेको गोल]]सँग मिल्दो-जुल्दो थियो।<ref name="Hand of Messi">{{cite news |url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/sport/football/european_football/article1910271.ece |title=Hand of Messi saves Barcelona |last=Mitten |first=Andy |publisher=''Times Online'' |date=2007-06-10 |accessdate=2008-01-12 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081013021540/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/sport/football/european_football/article1910271.ece |date=2008-10-13 }}</ref> स्पेनियोलका खेलाडीहरूको विरोधको बावजूद र रिप्लेमा पनि त्यो स्पष्टतः [[ह्याण्डबल]] भन्ने देखिंदा देखिंदै पनि त्यो गोल बनिरह्यो.<ref name="Hand of Messi"/> ==== २००७-०८ सिजन ==== [[२००७-०८ सिजन]]को क्रममा, मेसीले एक हप्तामा पाँच गोल गर्दै बार्सिलोनालाई ला लिगाको शीर्ष चारमा पुर्याए। १९ सेप्टेबरमा च्याम्पियन्स लिग म्याचमा आफ्नो गृहमैदानमा बार्सिलोनाले [[ओलम्पिक लियोनयस|लियोन]]लाई ३-०को अन्तरले हराउँदा मेसीले एक गोल गरे।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://soccernet.espn.go.com/report?id=228758&&cc=5739|title=Barcelona 3-0 Lyon: Messi orchestrates win|publisher=ESPN Soccernet|date=2007-09-19|accessdate=2009-05-27}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024081230/http://soccernet.espn.go.com/report?id=228758&&cc=5739 |date=2012-10-24 }}</ref> उनले २२ सेप्टेबरमा [[सेभिला (फुटबल क्लब)]]को बिरुद्ध दुई गोल गरे<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.soccerway.com/matches/2007/09/22/spain/primera-division/futbol-club-barcelona/sevilla-futbol-club/480859/|title=Barcelona vs. Sevilla|publisher=Soccerway|date=2007-09-22|accessdate=2009-05-29}}</ref> र फेरि २६ सेप्टेबरमा मेसीले [[रियल जारागोजा]] बिरुद्ध ४-१को जितमा दुई गोल गरे।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://barcelona.theoffside.com/injuries/barcelona-4-1-zaragoza-review.html|title=Barcelona 4-1 Zaragoza|author=Isaiah|publisher=The Offside|date=2007-09-26|accessdate=2009-05-27}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120311091432/http://barcelona.theoffside.com/injuries/barcelona-4-1-zaragoza-review.html |date=2012-03-11 }}</ref> २७ फेब्रुअरीमा मेसीले [[भ्यालेन्शिया]] बिरुद्ध [[बार्सिलोना]]को लागि आफ्नो १००औँ आधिकारिक खेल खेले।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/clubfootball/news/newsid=700689.html|title=Xavi late show saves Barca|author=FIFA|publisher=FIFA|date=2008-02-27|accessdate=2009-05-27}}</ref> मेसी अग्रपंक्तिको श्रेणीमा [[फिफाप्रो विश्वका दश खेलाडी अवार्ड]]को लागि मनोनित गरियो।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://worldx1.fifpro.org/index.php?mod=plink&id=14697|title=FIFPro World XI|publisher=FIFPro|accessdate=2009-05-30}}</ref> एक स्पेनिश पत्रिका ''[[मार्का]]''को अन-लाईन संस्करणमा गरिएको सर्वेक्षणमा उनलाई ७७ प्रतिशत मत सहित विश्वको सर्वोत्कृष्ट खेलाडीको रूपमा चुनियो।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://archivo.marca.com/futbol/2007/messi_kun/handicho.html|title=El fútbol a sus pies|last=Villalobos|first=Fran|publisher=''MARCA''|language=Spanish|date=2007-04-10|accessdate=2009-07-07}}</ref> बार्सिलोना-आधारित अखबार ''[[एल मुन्डो डिपोर्टिवो]]'' र ''[[स्पोर्ट]]''को स्तम्भकारहरूले उल्लेख गरे कि मेसीलाई [[ब्यालन डी'ओर]] दिनु पर्छ र [[फ्रान्ज बेकेनबएर]]ले पनि यसको समर्थन गरे।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.sport.es/default.asp?idpublicacio_PK=44&idioma=CAS&idtipusrecurs_PK=7&idnoticia_PK=447107|title=Si Messi sigue trabajando así, será como Maradona y Pelé|last=Fest|first=Leandro|publisher=Sport.es|language=Spanish|accessdate=2009-07-07}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080524062418/http://www.sport.es/default.asp?idpublicacio_PK=44&idioma=CAS&idtipusrecurs_PK=7&idnoticia_PK=447107 |date=2008-05-24 }}</ref> [[फ्रान्सेस्को टोट्टी]] जस्ता फुटबलका महान हस्तिहरूले घोषणा गरे कि उनीहरू मेसीलाई अहिलेका विश्वका सर्वोत्कृष्ट फुटबल खेलाडीहरू मध्य एक मान्छन्।<ref>{{cite news| url=http://archivo.marca.com/edicion/marca/futbol/internacional/es/desarrollo/1063306.html|title=Totti le daría el Balón de Oro a Messi antes que a Kaká|publisher=''MARCA''|language=Spanish|date=2007-11-29|accessdate=2009-07-07}}</ref> ४ मार्चमा [[केल्टिक]] बिरुद्धको खेलमा मेसीको बायाँ तिघ्राको मांसपेशी फाटेपछि उनी एक हफ्ता भरीको लागि खेलबाट बाहिरिए। मेसीको यस प्रकारको चोट लागेको यो तीन सिजनहरूमा चौथो पल्ट थियो।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/sports/soccer/story/2008/03/05/lionel-messi.html?ref=rss|title=Barcelona's Lionel Messi sidelined with thigh injury|publisher=CBC.ca|date=2008-03-05|accessdate=2009-06-14}}</ref> मेसी यो चोटबाट फिर्ता भएपछि ४ मे २००८मा भ्यालेन्सिया बिरुद्धक ६-०को जितमा उनको २००७-०८ सिजनको अन्तिम गोल गरे। यस सिजनका सबै खेलहरूमा मेसीले १६ गोल र १३मा सहायता प्दान गर्न सफल भए। ==== २००८-०९ सिजन : पहिले ट्रेबल ==== [[चित्र:Lionel Messi 31mar2007.jpg|150px|thumb|left|मेस्सि, डेपोर्टिवोको बिरुद्धको एक खेलमा]] क्लबबाट [[रोनाल्डिन्हो]]को प्रस्थान सँगै उनको १० नम्बर जर्सी मेसीले प्राप्त गरे।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.goal.com/en/news/8/main/2008/08/04/803776/messi-inherits-ronaldinhos-no-10-shirt|title=Messi Inherits Ronaldinho's No. 10 Shirt|last=Sica|first=Gregory|publisher=Goal.com|date=2008-08-04|accessdate=2009-06-02}}</ref> सन् १ अक्टोबर २००८ मा, सख्टार डोनेट्स्क बिरुद्धको च्याम्पियन्स लिग म्याचको क्रममा मेसीले [[थियरी हेनरी]]को सट्टामा खेलमा प्रवेश गरेर अन्तिम सात मिनेटमा दुई गोल गरेर [[बार्सिलोना]]को लागि १-० को हारको अवस्थालाई १-२को जितमा परिणत गरी दिए।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://soccernet.espn.go.com/report?id=254681&cc=5739|title=Late Messi brace nicks it|publisher=ESPN Soccernet|date=2008-10-01|accessdate=2009-05-29}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024081234/http://soccernet.espn.go.com/report?id=254681&cc=5739 |date=2012-10-24 }}</ref> यस पछिको [[एट्लेटिको म्याड्रिड]] बिरुद्धको लिग खेललाई मेसी र उनको राम्रा साथी [[सर्जियो अग्वेरो]]को बीच एक मैत्रिपूर्ण सङ्घर्षको रूपमा प्रचार गरियो।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://bleacherreport.com/articles/65327-barcelona-6-1-atletico-madrid-match-report-and-player-ratings|title=Barcelona 6-1 Atletico Madrid| last = Osaghae | first = Efosa |publisher=Bleacher Report|date=2008-10-04|accessdate=2009-05-31}}</ref> मेसीले फ्रि किकमा एक गोल गरे र बाँकीमा सहायता गरेर बार्सालाई ६-१ को जित हासिल गराए।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://soccernet-assets.espn.go.com/report?id=252817&league=ESP.1&cc=5739|title=Goal rush for Barcelona|publisher=ESPN Soccernet|date=2008-10-04|accessdate=2009-05-31}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140810090950/http://soccernet-assets.espn.go.com/report?id=252817&league=ESP.1&cc=5739 |date=2014-08-10 }}</ref> मेसीले सेभिलाको बिरुद्ध २३ मिटर (२५ यार्ड) देखि बललाई उठाएर गोलरक्षकलाई छक्काउँदै टाइट एङ्गलबाट एक अर्को उत्कृष्ट गोल गरे।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/clubfootball/news/newsid=964294.html|title= Messi magical, Real miserable |publisher=FIFA|date=2008-11-29|accessdate=2009-06-02}}</ref> सन् १३ डिसेम्बर २००८ मा, एल क्लासिकोको पहिलो सिजनको क्रममा मेसीले [[रियल म्याड्रिड]] बिरुद्धको बार्सिलोनाको २-० जितमा दोस्रो गोल गरे।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/europe/7776472.stm|title= Barcelona 2-0 Real Madrid |publisher=BBC Sport|date=2008-12-13|accessdate=2009-05-29}}</ref> यसै वर्ष उनलाई २००८ फिफा वर्षको विश्वको खेलाडी अवार्डमा ६७८ अङ्क सहित दोस्रो स्थानमा मनोनित भए।<ref name="Gala 2008"/> मेसीले एटलेटिको म्याड्रिड विरुद्धको कोपा डेल रे टाईमा पहिलो पल्ट ह्याटट्रिक गर्दै बार्सिलोनालाई ३-१ को जित हासिल गराए।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.shanghaidaily.com/sp/article/2009/200901/20090107/article_387234.htm|title=Messi scores hat trick in Barca's 3–1 win over Atletico|publisher=''Shanghai Daily''|date=2009-01-07|accessdate=2009-05-29}}</ref> मेसीले सन् १ फेब्रुअरी २००९ मा रेसिङ्ग स्यान्टेन्डर बिरुद्धको खेलमा पहिलो हाफमा १-० ले तल इरेको अवस्थामा दोस्रो हाफमा सट्टामा प्रवेश गरी महत्त्वपूर्ण दुई गोल गर्दै बार्सिलोनालाई १-२ को जित दिलाउन मद्दत गरे। यस मध्ये दोस्रो गोल बार्सिलोनाको लागि ५०००औँ लिग गोल थियो।<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090204172913/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5iZaLqalXOwOJ2FwjihA3svGql1Mw Supersub Messi fires 5,000-goal Barcelona to comeback victory.] AFP (01-02-2009). 01-02-2009को पुनःप्राप्त</ref> ला लिगाको २८औँ चरणमा, मेसीले सबै प्रतियोगिताहरूमा सिजनको आफ्नो ३०औँ गोल गर्दै आफ्नो टोलीलाई [[मलागा सीएफ]] बिरुद्ध ६-० को जित हासिल गर्नमा सहयोग गरे।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://english.aljazeera.net/sport/2009/03/2009322164115611397.html|title=Barcelona hit Malaga for six|publisher=Al Jazeera English|date=2009-03-23|accessdate=2009-06-02}}</ref> ८ अप्रिल २००९मा उनले [[बायर्न म्यूनिख]] बिरुद्धको च्याम्पियन्स लिगमा दुई पल्ट गोल गर्दै प्रतियोगितामा नौ गोलहरूको व्यक्तिगत रेकर्ड बनाए।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.usatoday.com/sports/soccer/2009-04-09-2372732048_x.htm|title=Barcelona returns to earth with league match|publisher=''USA Today''|date=2009-04-09|accessdate=2009-07-07|last=Logothetis|first=Paul}}</ref> १८ अप्रिलमा मेसीले गेटाफमा प्राप्त १-०को जितमा सिजनको आफ्नो २०औँ लिग गोल गरे, जसको कारणले बार्सिलोना रियल म्याड्रिडलाई छ-अङ्कले तल पार्दै लिग तालिकाको शीर्ष स्थानमा रहन सफल भयो।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.shanghaidaily.com/sp/article/2009/200904/20090419/article_398171.htm|title=Messi leads Barcelona to 1-0 win over Getafe|publisher=''Shanghai Daily''|date=2009-04-19|accessdate=2009-06-02}}</ref> [[चित्र:039 men at work UEFA 2009, Rome.jpg|200px|thumb|right|2009 UEFA च्याम्पियन्स लिग फाइनलमा प्रहार गर्दै गरेका लियोनेल मेसीलाई हेर्दै माइकल क्यारिक (पृष्ठभूमिमा)]] बार्सिलोना सिजनको समापन तिर उन्मुख रहँदा मेसीले [[सान्टियागो बर्नब्यू]]मा [[रियल म्याड्रिड]] माथि ६-२को विजयमा दुई गोल (सबै प्रतियोगिताहरूमा उनको ३५औँ र ३६औँ गोल) गरे।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/football/2009/may/02/la-liga-real-madrid-barcelona|title=Barcelona run riot at Real Madrid and put Chelsea on notice|last=Lowe|first=Sid|publisher=''The Guardian''|date=2009-05-02|accessdate=2009-05-31}}</ref> यो हार रियल म्याड्रिडको लागि १९३० पछिको सबैभन्दा ठुलो हार थियो।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.goal.com/en/news/12/spain/2009/05/03/1244468/real-madrid-fan-poll-says-barcelona-loss-is-most-painful-in-club|title=Real Madrid Fan Poll Says Barcelona Loss Is Most Painful In Club History|last=Macdonald|first=Paul|publisher=Goal.com|date=2009-05-03|accessdate=2009-05-31}}</ref> मेसीले च्याम्पियन्स लिग सेमी-फाइनलमा [[चेल्सी फुटबल क्लब|चेल्सी]] बिरुद्ध [[आन्ड्रेस इनिएस्टा]]लाई अतिरिक्त समयमा गोल बनाउन सहयोग गरेका थिए, जसबाट बार्सिलोनाले फाइनलमा [[म्यानचेस्टर युनाइटेड फुटबल क्लब|म्यानचेस्टर युनाइटेड]]को सामना गर्न पायो। उनले [[एथलीटिक बिलबाओ]] बिरुद्ध ४-१को जितमा एक गोल तथा अन्य दुईमा सहयोग गर्दै १३ मेमा आफ्नो पहिलो कोपा डेल रे जिते।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/european/5321324/Barcelona-defeat-Athletic-Bilbao-to-win-Copa-del-Rey.html|title=Barcelona defeat Athletic Bilbao to win Copa del Rey|publisher=''Daily Telegraph''|date=2009-05-14|accessdate=2009-05-28}}</ref> उनले ला लिगा जितेर आफ्नो टोलीलाई दोहरो जित दिलाउँनमा सहयोग गरे। २७ मेमा उनले ७० मिनेटमा दोस्रो गोल गर्दै बार्सिलोनालाई [[२००९ UEFA च्याम्पियन्स लिग फाइनल|२००९ युइएफए च्याम्पियन्स लिग फाइनल]] दुई गोलको अग्रताले जित्नमा मद्दत गरे, साथै नौ गोलको साथ उनी टुर्नामेन्टको इतिहासमा सबैभन्दा युवा तथा चैम्पियन्स लिगको सर्वाधिक गोलकर्ता बने।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.uefa.com/competitions/ucl/news/kind=1/newsid=833286.html|title=Messi sweeps up goalscoring honours|publisher=uefa.com|date=2009-05-27|accessdate=2009-06-04}}</ref> यूरोपमा शानदार वर्ष संपन्न गर्दै मेसीले [[UEFA वर्षको क्लब अग्रपंक्तको खेलाडी|युइएफए वर्षको क्लब अग्रपंक्तको खेलाडी]] र [[UEFA वर्षको क्लब फुटबल खेलाडी|युइएफए वर्षको क्लब फुटबल खेलाडी]]को उपाधी पनि जिते।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.uefa.com/competitions/supercup/news/kind=1/newsid=877275.html|title=Messi recognised as Europe's finest|publisher=uefa.com|date=2009-08-27|accessdate=2009-08-30}}</ref> उनको यस जितको मतलब बार्सिलोनाले पहिलो पल्ट कुनै स्पेनिश क्लबले नसकेको एकै सिजनमा [[कोपा डेल रे]], [[ला लिगा]] र [[UEFA च्याम्पियन्स लिग|युइएफए च्याम्पियन्स लिग]]मा विजय थियो।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.gulf-daily-news.com/NewsDetails.aspx?storyid=251667|title=Barcelona win treble in style|publisher=''Gulf Daily News''|date=2009-05-28|accessdate=2009-05-28}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150703215248/http://www.gulf-daily-news.com/NewsDetails.aspx?storyid=251667 |date=2015-07-03 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://uk.eurosport.yahoo.com/01062009/3/barcelona-eclipse-dream-team-historic-treble.html|title=Barcelona eclipse dream team with historic treble|publisher=UK Eurosport|date=2009-06-01|accessdate=2009-06-03}}</ref> ==== २००९-१० सिजन: पहिलो बेलोन डी' ओर ==== [[चित्र:Lionel Messi Joan Gamper Trophy.jpg|250px|thumb|left|बार्सिलोनाका लियोनेल मेस्सि, क्याम्प नउ रङ्गशालामा जोआन ग्याम्पर ट्रफी म्याचमा म्यानचेस्टर सिटी बिरुद्ध खेल्दै]] [[२००९ UEFA सुपर कप|२००९ युइएफए सुपर कप]] जिते पछि, बार्सिलोनाका प्रबन्धक [[जोसेप गार्डियोला]]ले जोड दिदै भने कि मेसी उनले अहिले सम्म देखेका खेलाडी मध्य सबैभन्दा राम्रो खेलाडी हुन।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.elmundo.es/elmundodeporte/2009/08/29/futbol/1251499664.html|title= 'Messi es el mejor jugador que veré jamás'|publisher=''El Mundo Deportivo''|date=2009-08-29|accessdate=2009-08-29|language=Spanish}}</ref> १८ सेप्टेम्बरमा, मेसीले बार्सिलोनासँग जसमा €२.५ अरबको खरीद-नियन्त्रणको प्रावधान सहित २०१६ सम्मको लागि नयाँ अनुबन्धनमा हस्ताक्षर गरे, जसबाट मेसी लगभग € ९५ लाख वार्षिक आय सहित, [[जाल्टन इब्राहिमोभिच|जाल्टान इब्राहिमोभिच]] बराबर ला लिगाको उच्चतम पारिश्रमीक लिने खेलाडी बने।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.fcbarcelona.com/web/english/noticies/futbol/temporada09-10/09/n090918106811.html|title=Leo Messi extends his stay at Barça|publisher=fcbarcelona.com|date=2009-09-18|accessdate=2009-09-18}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110907013314/http://www.fcbarcelona.com/web/english/noticies/futbol/temporada09-10/09/n090918106811.html |date=2011-09-07 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/europe/8184399.stm|title=Messi signs new deal at Barcelona|publisher=BBC Sport|date=2009-09-18|accessdate=2009-09-18}}</ref> चार दिन पछि २२ सेप्टेम्बरमा, मेसीले ला लिगामा रेसिङ्ग स्यान्टेन्डर बिरुद्ध दुई गोल र अर्को एक गोलमा सहयोग गर्दै बार्सालाई ४-१ जित दिलाए।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://soccernet.espn.go.com/news/story?id=678702&sec=europe&cc=5901|title=Messi and Ibrahimovic put Racing to the sword|publisher=ESPN Soccernet|date=2009-09-22|accessdate=2009-09-23}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024081351/http://soccernet.espn.go.com/news/story?id=678702&sec=europe&cc=5901 |date=2012-10-24 }}</ref> मेसीले २९ सेप्टेम्बरमा [[डाइनमो कीव]] माथिको २-० जितमा सिजनको पहिलो यूरोपीय गोल गरे।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.goal.com/en/news/1716/champions-league/2009/09/29/1530963/barcelona-2-0-dynamo-kiev-messi-pedro-unlock-stubborn|title=Barcelona 2-0 Dynamo Kiev: Messi & Pedro Unlock Stubborn Ukrainians|publisher=Goal.com|date=2009-09-29|accessdate=2009-10-03|last=Leong|first=KS}}</ref> मेसीले [[क्याम्प नउ]]मा [[रियल जारागोजा]]को ६-१को ठुलो पराजयको क्रममा एक गोल गर्दै [[ला लिगा]]मा सात खेलमा छ गोलको अनुपात बनाए <ref>{{cite news|url=http://soccernet.espn.go.com/news/story?id=689856&cc=5739|title=Xavi: All is well at Barca|publisher=ESPN Soccernet|date=2009-10-26|accessdate=2009-11-28}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024081409/http://soccernet.espn.go.com/news/story?id=689856&cc=5739 |date=2012-10-24 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2009/soccer/10/25/spanish.rdp.ap/|title=Barcelona thrashes Zaragoza to go clear at top|publisher=CNN|date=2009-10-25|accessdate=2009-11-28}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091231144944/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2009/soccer/10/25/spanish.rdp.ap/ |date=2009-12-31 }}</ref> र ७ नोभेम्बरमा क्याम्प नउमा [[मालर्का]] माथि बार्साको ४-२को जितमा पनि पेनाल्टोलीा गोल गरे।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://soccernet.espn.go.com/news/story?id=695820&cc=5739|title=Guardiola expects more after win over Mallorca|publisher=ESPN Soccernet|date=2009-11-09|accessdate=2009-11-28}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111203071732/http://soccernet.espn.go.com/news/story?id=695820&cc=5739 |date=2011-12-03 }}</ref> १ डिसेम्बर २००९ मा, मेसी उपविजेता [[क्रिस्टियानो रोनाल्डो]]लाई २३३को बिरुद्ध ४७३को ठुलो मतान्तरले पछाडी पार्दै [[२००९ ब्यालन डी'ओर]]को विजेताको रूपमा घोषित भए।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/europe/8387679.stm|title=Barcelona forward Lionel Messi wins Ballon d'Or award|publisher=BBC Sport|date=2009-12-01|accessdate=2009-12-01}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2009/12/01/2759069.htm|title=Messi wins prestigious Ballon d'Or award|publisher=ABC Sport|date=2009-12-01|accessdate=2009-12-10}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/news-and-comment/lionel-messi-a-rare-talent-1831871.html|title=Lionel Messi: A rare talent|publisher=''The Independent''|date=2009-12-01|accessdate=2009-12-10|last=Barnett|first=Phil}}</ref> यसपछि [[फ्रान्स फुटबल पत्रिका]]ले मेसीको भनाईलाई उद्धृत गर्दै लेख्यो: "म यसलाई आफ्नो परिवारलाई समर्पित गर्दछु। मलाई उनीहरूको आवश्यकता पर्दा उनीहरू संधै म सँगै हुन्थे र कहिलेकाँही उनीहरूले म भन्दा पनि ज्यादा गहराईबाट मेरा भावनाहरूलाई महसूस गरेका छन।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://soccernet.espn.go.com/news/story?id=706306&sec=europe&cc=5739|title=Messi takes Ballon d'Or|publisher=ESPN Soccernet|date=2009-12-01|accessdate=2009-12-10}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024081427/http://soccernet.espn.go.com/news/story?id=706306&sec=europe&cc=5739 |date=2012-10-24 }}</ref> १९ डिसेम्बरमा, [[अबूधाबी]]मा [[एस्टुडियान्टेस]] बिरुद्ध [[२००९ फिफा क्लब विश्वकप]]को फाइनलमा मेसीले गोल गर्दै क्लबलाई विजयि बनाए।<ref>{{citeweb|url=http://soccernet.espn.go.com/report?id=285375&cc=5739&league=FIFA.CWC|title=Messi seals number six|date=2009-12-19|publisher=ESPN Soccernet|accessdate=2009-12-21}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121020091844/http://soccernet.espn.go.com/report?id=285375&league=FIFA.CWC&cc=5739 |date=2012-10-20 }}</ref> दुई दिन पछि, उनी क्रिस्टियानो रोनाल्डो, [[जावी हर्नान्डेज]], [[काका (फुटबल खेलाडी)|काका]] र [[आन्ड्रेस इनिएस्टा]]लाई पछि पार्दै [[फिफा वर्षको खेलाडी]]को रूपमा घोषित भए। उनले यो पुरस्कार पहिलो पटक जितेका थिए र उनी यो सम्मान पाउने पहिलो अर्जेन्टिनी खेलाडी बने।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://soccernet.espn.go.com/news/story?id=716683&sec=world&cc=5901|title=FC Barcelona's Messi wins World Player of the Year|date=2009-12-21|publisher=ESPN Soccernet|accessdate=2009-12-22}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024081437/http://soccernet.espn.go.com/news/story?id=716683&sec=world&cc=5901 |date=2012-10-24 }}</ref> १० जनवरी २०१० मा, मेसीले [[सीडी टेनेरिफ]] बिरुद्धको ०-५को जितमा २०१०को आफ्नो पहिलो [[ह्याट-ट्रिक]] र सिजनको पहिलो ह्याट-ट्रिक गरे।<ref>{{citeweb|url=http://www.goal.com/en/news/12/spain/2010/01/10/1737345/tenerife-0-5-barcelona-messi-masterclass-sees-barca-back-on|title=Tenerife 0-5 Barcelona: Messi Masterclass Sees Barca Back On Top|date=2010-01-10|publisher=Goal.com|accessdate=2010-01-11}}</ref> १७ जनवरीमा, मेसीले [[सेविला]] माथि ४-०को जितमा क्लबको लागि आफ्नो १००औँ गोल गरे।<ref>{{citeweb|url=http://www.fcbarcelona.com/web/catala/noticies/futbol/temporada09-10/01/n100117108826.html|title=Messi 101: el golejador centenari més jove|date=2010-01-17|publisher=fcbarcelona.cat|accessdate=2010-01-17|language=Catalan|last=Bogunyà|first=Roger}}</ref> ==== २०१०-११ सिजन: पाँचौ ला लिगा उपाधि र तेस्रो च्याम्पियन्स लिग ==== मेसीले सेभिल्ला विरुद्ध [[ह्याट्रिक]] गर्दै २०१०-११ को सिजनको पहिलो उपाधी सुपरकोपा डे स्पाना सुनिश्चित गराए। पहिलो लेगमा पराजित भएपनि दोस्रो लेगमा ४-० ले जितेर यो उपाधी जितेको थियो।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espnfc.com/story/816500/magic-lionel-messi-wins-supercopa-for-barca|title=Magic Messi Wins Supercopa for Barça|date=21 August 2010|publisher=ESPN FC|access-date=27 July 2010}}</ref> प्लेमेकरको भूमिकामा, २०१० नोभेम्बर २९ मा भएको खेल [[एल क्लासिको]] मा, जोसे मौरिन्होको रियल म्याड्रिड संगको पहिलो खेलमा बार्सिलोनाले रियल म्याड्रिडलाई ५-० ले पराजित गर्यो।<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2010/nov/29/barcelona-real-madrid-la-liga|title=David Villa Strikes Twice as Slick Barcelona Thrash Real Madrid|last=Lowe|first=Sid|date=29 November 2010|newspaper=The Guardian|access-date=27 July 2015}}</ref> मेसीले आफ्नो टोलीलाई १६ औ लगातार विजय हासिल गराए, जुन स्पेनिस फुटबलमा एक किर्तिमान बन्यो र उनले २०११ फेब्रुअरी ५ मा अथ्लेटिको म्याड्रिड विरुद्ध ह्याट्रिक गरे।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/europe/9388847.stm|title=Lionel Messi Stars as Barcelona Seal Record League Win|date=6 February 2011|work=BBC Sport|access-date=27 July 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/most-consecutive-wins-in-the-top-division-of-spanish-football-(soccer)|title=Most Consecutive Wins in the Top Division of Spanish football (Soccer)|work=Guinness World Records|access-date=27 July 2015}}</ref> उनको २०१० को क्लब प्रदर्शनले उनलाई उनको [[२०१० फिफा बेलोन डी' ओर|पहिलो]] [[फिफा बेलोन डी' ओर]] दिलायो। यो बेलोन डी ओर र फिफा विश्व खेलाडीको एकै पुरस्कार थियो। यद्यपि उनले यो पुरस्कार दिइदा [[२०१० फिफा विश्वकप]] मा अर्जेन्टिनाको लागि केही गर्न नसकेकाले केही आलोचना पनि भयो।{{sfn|Balagué|2013|pp=519–524}}<ref name="Lionel Messi Is the World's Best Player but Xavi Deserved FIFA's Award">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/blog/2011/jan/11/lionel-messi-xavi-ballon-dor|title=Lionel Messi Is the World's Best Player but Xavi Deserved FIFA's Award|last=Lowe|first=Sid|date=11 January 2011|newspaper=The Guardian|access-date=27 July 2015}}</ref> अवार्डको पुरानो ढाँचा अनुसार, उनी शीर्ष तीनबाट बाहिर हुन्थे, उनको जित अन्तराष्ट्रिय प्रशिक्षक र कप्तानहरूको मतबाट भयो।<ref name="Lionel Messi Is the World's Best Player but Xavi Deserved FIFA's Award" /> सिजनको अन्त्यतिर, बार्सिलोनाले १८ दिनको दौरानमा चार [[एल क्लासिको]] खेल खेल्यो। अप्रिल १६ मा भएको लिगको खेल बराबरीमा सकियो। यसमा मेसीले पेनाल्टीमा गोल गरेका थिए। चार दिन पछि भएको [[कोपा डेल रे]]को फाइनलमा बार्सिलोना पराजित भयो। च्याम्पियन्स लिग सेमीफाइनलको पहिलो लेगमा बार्सिलोनाको २-० को जितमा दुवै गोल मेसीले गरेका थिए। दोस्रो गोल उनले तीन रियल खेलाडीहरू बीच द्रिबल गरेर गरेका थिए-यो गोल प्रतियोगिताकै उत्कृष्ट गोल ठहरियो।<ref>{{cite web|url=https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=fmGdOYFwHsE|title=Ronaldo's overhead kick and five other classic UCL goals|publisher=UEFA.com.|access-date=23 June 2018}}</ref> दोस्रो लेगमा उनले गोल नगरे पनि बार्सिलोनालाई सेमीफैनलमा पुर्याउन निकै महत्वपूर्ण थिए,<ref>{{cite magazine|first=Sid|last=Lowe|title=The Good, the Bad and the Ugly in the Aftermath of the Clásico Series|magazine=Sports Illustrated|date=5 May 2011|url=http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2011/writers/sid_lowe/05/05/clasico.aftermath/index.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110508163612/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2011/writers/sid_lowe/05/05/clasico.aftermath/index.html|archive-date=8 May 2011}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110508163612/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2011/writers/sid_lowe/05/05/clasico.aftermath/index.html |date=8 May 2011 }}</ref>{{sfn|Balagué|2013|pp=494–499}} जहाँ उनीहरूको भेट [[म्यानचेस्टर युनाइटेड फुटबल क्लब|म्यानचेस्टर युनाइटेड]]संग भयो, यो खेल दुइ वर्ष अघिको पुनरावृति हुने भयो, १२ गोल सहित प्रतियोगिताको उच्च गोलकर्ताको रुपमा उनले २८ मे मा [[वेम्बली स्टेडियम]]मा भएको खेलमा उच्च प्रदर्शन गरे र बार्साको ३-१ को विजयमा विजयी गोल गरे।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/newsid=1634951.html|title=Top Scorer Messi Matches Van Nistelrooy Mark|date=28 May 2011|publisher=UEFA|access-date=27 July 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/13576522|title=Barcelona 3–1 Man Utd|last=McNulty|first=Phil|date=28 May 2011|work=BBC Sport|access-date=27 July 2015}}</ref> बार्सिलोनाले लगातार तेस्रो ला लिगा उपाधी जित्यो। ३१ गोल सहित उनी उच्च गोलकर्ता र १८ एसिस्ट सहित उनी उनी उच्च एसिस्ट पनि दिएका थिए।<ref name="Matches 2010–11">{{cite web|url=http://www.bdfutbol.com/en/p/j1753.html?temp=2010-11|title=Lionel Andrés Messi Cuccittini: Matches 2010–11|publisher=BDFutbol|access-date=27 July 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espnfc.com/spanish-primera-division/15/statistics/assists?season=2010|title=Spanish Primera División Statistics: Top Assists 2010–11|publisher=ESPN FC|access-date=27 July 2015}}</ref> उनले यो सिजन सबै खाले प्रतियोगितामा ५३ गोल र २४ एसिस्ट सहित पुरा गरे। यससंगै उनी बार्सिलोनाको लागि एउटी सिजन सर्वाधिक गोलकर्ता र स्पेनिस फुटबलमा ५० गोल पुरा गर्ने पहिलो खेलाडी पनि भए।<ref name="Matches 2010–11" /><ref name="Sublime">{{cite news|url=http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/sport/football/europe/article3041129.ece|title=Is Sublime Lionel Messi the Greatest Footballer Ever?|last1=Cascarino|first1=Tony|date=27 May 2011|newspaper=The Times|access-date=27 July 2015|last2=Barclay|first2=Patrick|url-access=subscription}}</ref> [[चित्र:FC_Barcelona_Team_2,_2011.jpg|right|thumb|२०११ डिसेम्बरमा मेसी (बीच) आफ्ना सहकर्मीहरू संग फिफा क्लब विश्वकप जितेपछि खुसीयाली मनाउदै ]] मेसी नम्बर ८ (क्रिएटर), ९ (गोलकर्ता) र १० (एसिस्टेन्ट) को समिश्रणको रुपमा उदाएपछि,<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.projectsportsmastery.com/lionel-messi-creator-scorer-assistant/|title=Professional Soccer Training Drills – Lionel Messi a Combination|date=11 January 2018|work=Project Sports Mastery|access-date=5 February 2018}}</ref> उनले २०११-१२ को सिजनमा अनपेक्षित ७३ गोल गरे र २९ एसिस्ट दिए। यसमा उनले १० मौका ह्याट्रिक वा बढी गोल गरे। {{sfn|Balagué|2013|p=512}}<ref name="Matches 2011–12">{{cite web|url=http://www.bdfutbol.com/en/p/j1753.html?temp=2011-12|title=Lionel Andrés Messi Cuccittini: Matches 2011–12|publisher=BDFutbol|access-date=30 July 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/european/lionel-messi-the-best-goalscorer-ever-but-is-the-barcelona-player-the-greatestever-footballer-8398696.html|title=Lionel Messi: The Best Goalscorer Ever but Is the Barcelona Player the Greatest-Ever Footballer?|last=Mohamed|first=Majid|date=10 December 2012|newspaper=The Independent|access-date=30 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925211000/http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/european/lionel-messi-the-best-goalscorer-ever-but-is-the-barcelona-player-the-greatestever-footballer-8398696.html|archive-date=25 September 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> उनले बार्सालाई स्पेनिस सुपर कप र युरोपियन सुपर कप दुवै जिताए, उनले रियल म्याड्रिड विरुद्धको समग्रको ५-४ को जितमा तीन पटक गोल गरे , र [[राऊल गोन्झालेझ]] लाई पछि पारे।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/sports/soccer/europe/2011-08-17-supercup-brawl-barcelona-real-madrid_n.htm|title=Tempers Flare into Brawl as Barcelona Beats Real Madrid|date=17 August 2011|newspaper=USA Today|access-date=30 July 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/european/8726103/Barcelona-2-Porto-0-match-report.html|title=Barcelona 2 Porto 0: Match Report|last=Winter|first=Henry|date=26 August 2011|newspaper=The Daily Telegraph|access-date=30 July 2015}}</ref> वर्षको अन्त्यमा, उनले फिफा क्लब विश्व कप को फाइनलमा [[सान्तोस फुटबल क्लब|सान्तोस]] विरुद्ध दुई गोल गरे , र प्रतियोगिताको गोल्डेन बल जिते, जुन दुई वर्ष अघि पनि उनले जितेका थिए।<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/16234168|title=Barcelona Win FIFA Club World Cup|date=18 December 2011|work=BBC Sport|access-date=30 July 2015}}</ref> २०११ मा उनको यो प्रयासको लागि, उनले [[फिफा बेलोन डी' ओर]] जिते। उनी [[जोहान क्राइफ]], [[मिसेल प्लातिनी]] र मार्को भान बास्तिन पछि बालों डी ओर तीन पटक जित्ने उनी चौथो खेलाडी बने।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espnfc.com/story/1006543/2011-fifa-ballon-dor-lionel-messi-crowned-worlds-best|title=Messi Crowned World's Best|date=9 January 2012|publisher=ESPN FC|access-date=30 July 2015}}</ref> यसबाहेक , उनले पहिलो यूएफा बेस्ट प्लेयर इन युरोप जिते, जुन बेलों दिओर को पुरानो ढाँचा थियो।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uefa.org/uefa-best-player-award/news/newsid=1667736.html#messi+wins+uefa+best+player+europe+award|title=Messi Wins UEFA Best Player in Europe Award|date=25 August 2011|publisher=UEFA|access-date=30 July 2015}}</ref> त्यसपछि , मेसीलाई व्यापक रुपमा इतिहासको [[डिएगो म्याराडोना]] र [[पेले]] जस्तै एक महान् खेलाडीको रुपमा हेर्न थालियो।<ref name="BoyGenius" /> ==== २०१२: कीर्तिमानी वर्ष ==== {{quote box|width=33%|align=right|quote="मलाई मेसीको सिंहासनको लागि प्रतिस्पर्धा गर्न चाहनेहरू प्रति दुख लाग्छ - यो असम्भव छ, यो फुच्चे अद्वितीय छ। "|source=– [[पेप ग्वार्दिओला]] २०१२ मार्च २४ मा २४ वर्षको उमेरमा मेसी बार्सिलोनाको सर्वोच्च गोलकर्ता बनेपछि <ref>{{cite news |first=Paul |last=Hayward |title=FIFA Ballon d'Or 2012: Lionel Messi Rewarded for Displays No Rival Could Ever Match |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |date=7 January 2013 |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/players/lionel-messi/9786403/Fifa-Ballon-dOr-2012-Lionel-Messi-rewarded-for-displays-no-rival-could-ever-match.html |access-date=30 July 2015}}</ref><ref name="Dominant">{{cite news |title=Lionel Messi as Dominant as Michael Jordan, Claims Barcelona's Pep Guardiola, After He Breaks Goal Record |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |date=21 March 2012 |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/players/lionel-messi/9157192/Lionel-Messi-as-dominant-as-Michael-Jordan-claims-Barcelonas-Pep-Guardiola-after-he-breaks-goal-record.html |access-date=30 July 2015}}</ref>}}मेसीले सिजनको दोस्रो खण्डमा पनि आफ्नो लय कायम राखे , र २०१२ को वर्षमा उनले लामो समय देखि कायम रहेका किर्तिमानहरू भंग गरे। मार्च ७ मा, [[भ्यालेन्सिया सीएफ|भ्यालेन्सिया]] विरुद्ध चार गोल गरेको दुई साता पछि, उनले च्याम्पियन्स लिगमा अन्तिम १६ को खेलमा [[बायर ०४ लिभरकुसेन]] विरुद्ध पाँच गोल गरे, च्याम्पियन्स लिगको इतिहासमा यो उपलब्धी यसअघि कसैले हासिल गरेका थिएनन्।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2012/02/19/sport/football/football-barcelona-messi-milan/|title=Messi Scores Four as Barcelona Rout Valencia|date=20 February 2012|publisher=CNN|access-date=30 July 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/17291685|title=Lionel Messi Scores Five in Barcelona Champions League Win|last=Rostance|first=Tom|date=7 March 2012|work=BBC Sport|access-date=30 July 2015}}</ref> यस अतिरिक्त उनले पाँच एसिस्ट दिएका थिए, यससंगै उनले जोसे अल्ताफिनीको किर्तिमान संग बराबरी गरे जुन १९६२-६३ को सिजनमा कायम भएको थियो, र उनी [[गर्ड मुलर]]पछि कै दोश्रो उच्च गोलकर्ता भए।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/season=2012/statistics/index.html|title=UEFA Champions League 2011–12: Statistics|publisher=UEFA|access-date=30 July 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/newsid=1795767.html|title=Record-Breaking Messi Takes Top Scorer Honour|date=19 May 2012|publisher=UEFA|access-date=30 July 2015}}</ref> दुई साता पछि , मार्च २० मा, मेसी २४ वर्षको उमेरमा बार्सिलोनाको उच्च गोलकर्ता भए, उनले ग्रानाडा एफ सी विरुद्ध ह्याट्रिक गर्दै ५७ वर्ष पहिलेको सिजर रोद्रिग्वेजको २३२ गोलको किर्तिमानलाई पछि पारे।<ref name="Dominant" /> [[चित्र:FC_Barcelona_-_Bayer_04_Leverkusen,_7_mar_2012_(07).jpg|left|thumb|२०१२ मार्चा मा यूएफा च्याम्पियन्स लिगको अन्तिम १६ मा [[बायर ०४ लिभरकुसेन|बायर लिभरकुसेन]] विरुद्ध पाँच गोल गरेपछि आकास तिर औला देखाउँदै मेसी ]] मेसीको व्यक्तिगत लय बाहेक पनि, पप ग्वार्दिओलाको मातहतमा रहेको बार्सिलोनाको चार वर्ष -क्लबको इतिहासमा एक महान युग मध्ये एक थियो।<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/17867892|title=Pep Guardiola Leaves Lasting Legacy at Barcelona|last=Brassell|first=Andy|date=27 April 2012|work=BBC Sport|access-date=30 July 2015}}</ref> बार्सिलोनाले मे २५ मा एथ्लेतिको बिल्बाउ बिरुद्ध कोपा डेल रे जिते पनि टोलीले लिगमा रियल म्याड्रिड संग पछि रहनु पर्यो र च्याम्पियन्स लिगमा चेल्सी संग पराजित हुनु पर्यो। त्यसमा मेसीले पेनाल्टी मिस गरे।<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/18216611|title=Pep Guardiola's Final Game: Barcelona Win Copa del Rey|date=26 May 2012|work=BBC Sport|access-date=30 July 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/17817584|title=Barcelona 2–2 Chelsea (agg 2–3)|last=Dawkes|first=Phil|date=24 April 2012|work=BBC Sport|access-date=30 July 2015}}</ref> मे ५ मा लिगमा बार्साको अन्तिम होम खेलमा, मेसीले सबै चार गोल गरे र ग्वार्दिओलालाई गला लगाए र उनले बार्सिलोनाको प्रशिक्षकबाट राजीनामाको घोषणा गरे।<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2012/may/05/lionel-messi-four-goals-guardiola|title=Four-Goal Lionel Messi Gives Pep Guardiola Perfect Barcelona Send-Off|date=5 May 2012|newspaper=The Guardian|access-date=30 July 2015}}</ref> यो सिजन उनले ५० गोल सहित दोस्रो पटक स्पेनी लिग र युरोपको सर्वाधिक गोलकर्ता बने। उनले सबै खाले प्रतियोगितामा ७३ गोल गर्दै गर्ड मुलर ले ६७ गोल सहित बुन्देस लिगा मा, एकै सिजनाको सर्वाधिक गोलकर्ताको किर्तिमान भंग गरे।<ref>{{cite magazine|title=Lionel Messi Receives Golden Boot Award as Europe's Top Scorer|magazine=Sports Illustrated|date=29 October 2012|url=https://www.si.com/soccer/2012/10/29/lionel-messi-golden-boot-barcelona-ap|access-date=30 July 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espnfc.com/story/1258108/messi-breaks-40-year-record-with-86th-goal-of-2012|title=Messi Smashes Müller's 40-Year Record|date=9 December 2012|publisher=ESPN FC|access-date=30 July 2015}}</ref> टिटो भिलानोभा, जसले मेसीलाई १४ वर्षको उमेरमा प्रशिक्षण दिएका थिए, को प्रशिक्षकत्वमा मेसीले क्लबलाई उत्कृष्ट सुरुवात दिलाए , र कुल ५५ अङ्कको अग्रता हासिल गर्यो, जुन स्पेनिस फुटबलाको एक किर्तिमान हो।<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/04/30/sports/soccer/tito-vilanovas-death-cut-through-spanish-soccers-rivalries.html|title=To See Coach's Legacy at Barcelona, Just Look on Field|last=Hughes|first=Rob|date=29 April 2014|newspaper=The New York Times|access-date=9 August 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2013/01/19/sport/football/football-barcelona-defeat-sociedad/index.html|title=Ten-Man Barcelona Shocked by Sociedad|date=19 January 2013|publisher=CNN|access-date=9 August 2015}}</ref> [[रियल बेटिस]] विरुद्ध दुई गोल गरेर उनले लामो समय देखि कायम रहेको किर्तिमान भंग गरे , उनले बार्सिलोनाको लागि ला लिगामा सिजर रोड्रीग्वेजको १९० लिग गोलाको किर्तिमानलाई पछि पारे, उनी ला लिगामा बार्सीलोनाको लागि सबैभन्दा उच्च गोलकर्ता भए , र गर्ड मुलरले १९७२ मा मा बायर्न म्युनिख र [[पश्चिम जर्मनी]]को लागि एउतै क्यालेन्डर वर्षमा गरेको सर्वाधिक ८५ गोलको किर्तिमान भंग गरे।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/soccer-spain-messi-idUKL5E8NA1RM20121210|title=Fatherhood Hasn't Slowed Record-Breaking Messi|last=Rogers|first=Iain|date=10 December 2012|work=Reuters|access-date=9 August 2015}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190408012732/https://uk.reuters.com/article/soccer-spain-messi-idUKL5E8NA1RM20121210 |date=8 April 2019 }}</ref> मेसीले मुलरको ४० वर्ष पुरानो किर्तिमान तोदेपछि मुलरलाई बार्सिलोनाको १० नम्बरको जर्सीमा "सम्मान र प्रशंशा सहित" भन्ने लेखेर जर्सी पठाए।<ref>{{cite magazine|title=Mueller Gets Messi's No. 10 Barcelona Shirt|magazine=Sports Illustrated|date=17 January 2013|url=https://www.si.com/soccer/2013/01/17/lionel-messi-gerd-mueller-jersey|access-date=9 August 2015}}</ref> त्यो वर्षको अन्त्यमा. मेसीले सबै खाले प्रतियोगितामा अर्जेन्टिना र बार्सिलोनाको लागि ९१ गोल गरे।<ref name="MostDecorated">{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/news-and-comment/barcelonas-lionel-messi-becomes-most-decorated-player-in-history-after-winning-unprecedented-fourth-8441605.html|title=Barcelona's Lionel Messi Becomes Most Decorated Player in History after Winning Unprecedented Fourth Straight Ballon d'Or|last=Mohamed|first=Majid|date=8 January 2013|newspaper=The Independent|access-date=9 August 2015}}</ref> यो उपलब्धीलाई प्रमाणिकताको विषयलाई लिएर [[फिफा]]ले स्वीकार नगरेपनि , उनले एउट क्यालेन्डर वर्षमा सर्वाधिक गोलको लागि [[गिनिज वर्ल्ड रेकर्ड्स|गिनिज वर्ल्ड रेकर्ड्स किर्तिमान]] प्राप्त गरे।<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/20727929|title=FIFA Refuses to Back Lionel Messi or Godfrey Chitalu for Goal Record|date=14 December 2012|work=BBC Sport|access-date=9 August 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/news/2012/12/barcelona-star-lionel-messi-sets-new-goalscoring-record-46285/|title=Barcelona Star Lionel Messi Sets New Goal-Scoring Record|date=10 December 2012|work=Guinness World Records|access-date=9 August 2015}}</ref> निर्बिकल्प रुपमा, मेसीले पुन: [[फिफा बेलोन डी' ओर]] जिते, फुटबल इतिहासमा चार पटक बेलों डी ओर जित्ने एक मात्र खेलाडी बने।<ref name="MostDecorated" /><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/20910453|title=Ballon d'Or Contenders Messi, Ronaldo and Iniesta in Profile|last=Chowdhury|first=Saj|date=9 January 2013|work=BBC Sport|access-date=9 August 2015}}</ref> ==== २०१३-१४ :मेसीडेपेनडेनसिया ==== ==== २०१४-१५ :दोस्रो ट्रेबल ==== ==== २०१५-१६: घरेलु सफलता ==== ==== २०१६-१७: चौथो गोल्डेन बुट ==== ==== २०१७-१८: घरेलु डबल तथा कीर्तिमानी पाँचौ गोल्डेन बुट ==== ==== २०१८-१९: कप्तान, १०औँ ला लिगा उपाधी र कीर्तिमानी छैटौ गोल्डेन बुट ==== ==== २०१९-२०: कीर्तिमानी छैटौ बेलोन डी ओर ==== ==== २०२०-२१: बार्सीलोनामा आखिरी सिजन ==== === पेरिस सेन्ट जर्मेन === सन् २०२१ अगस्ट १० मा, मेसी [[पेरिस सेन्ट-जर्मेन फुटबल क्लब|पेरिस सेन्ट-जर्मेनमा]] अनुबन्ध भए।<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/58163106|title=Lionel Messi signs two-year Paris St-Germain deal after leaving Barcelona|work=BBC|access-date=10 August 2021}}</ref> उनले थप एक वर्षको विकल्प सहित उनले फ्रेन्च क्लबमा दूई वर्षको सम्झौतामा हस्ताक्षर गरे।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://en.psg.fr/teams/first-team/content/cp-lionel-messi-psg-paris-saint-germain-mercato|title=Leo Messi signs for Paris Saint-Germain|date=10 August 2021|website=PSG}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220718074124/https://en.psg.fr/teams/first-team/content/cp-lionel-messi-psg-paris-saint-germain-mercato |date=18 July 2022 }}</ref> [[चित्र:Mbappe_Messi_Neymar.jpg|left|thumb|198x198px|मसी (बिचमा ) र उनका सहकर्मी [[किलियन एम्बाप्पे]] र [[नेयमार]]]] मेस्सीले आफ्नो स्क्वाड नम्बरको रूपमा ३० चयन गरे, जुन उनले किशोरावस्थामा बार्सिलोनाका लागि सिनियर टोलीमा डेब्यू गर्दा लगाएका थिए।<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/lionel-messi-psg-shirt-number-transfer-b1900397.html|title=Lionel Messi shirt number revealed by PSG|work=The Independent|access-date=11 August 2021|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220614/https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/lionel-messi-psg-shirt-number-transfer-b1900397.html|archive-date=14 June 2022|url-access=subscription|url-status=live}}</ref> मेस्सीले २९ अगस्टमा क्लबका लागि डेब्यु गरे, [[लिग वान|लिग १]] मा रेम्समाथि २–० को जितको दोस्रो हाफमा वैकल्पिक खेलाडीको रूपमा आए।<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/paris-saint-germain--frapsg/story/4465426/lionel-messis-psg-debut-becomes-most-watched-french-football-match-in-spain|title=Messi's PSG debut breaks Spain viewing records|date=30 August 2021|work=ESPN.com|access-date=30 August 2021}}</ref> उनले क्लबको लागि यूएफा च्याम्पियन्स लिगको पहिलो खेल १५ सेप्टेम्बरमा क्लब ब्रुगी बिरुद्धको १-१ अवे बराबरीमा खेलेका थिए।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sports.ndtv.com/football/lionel-messi-makes-first-psg-start-but-club-brugge-hold-on-for-a-draw-2542485|title=Lionel Messi Makes First PSG Start But Club Brugge Hold On For A Draw|website=NDTVSports.com|access-date=19 September 2021}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211109020921/https://sports.ndtv.com/football/lionel-messi-makes-first-psg-start-but-club-brugge-hold-on-for-a-draw-2542485 |date=9 November 2021 }}</ref> चार दिन पछि, मसीले लियोन विरूद्ध २-१ को जितमा पहिलो पटक होम म्याच खेलेका थिए।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/lifestyle/sports/icardi-strikes-late-give-psg-win-over-lyon-messis-home-debut-2021-09-19/|title=Icardi strikes late to give PSG win over Lyon on Messi's home debut|date=19 September 2021|website=Reuters|access-date=19 September 2021}}</ref> २८ सेप्टेम्बरमा, उनले क्लबको लागि पहिलो गोल गरेका थिए। [[पेप ग्वार्दिओला|पेप ग्वर्दिओला]]को मेनचेस्टर सिटि बिरुद्ध को खेलमा उनले १८ यार्ड पर बाट गरेको प्रहार गोल भएको थियो। सो खेलमा पी एस जी २-० ले विजियी भयो।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/09/29/football/lionel-messi-first-psg-goal-ucl-spt-intl/index.html|title=Lionel Messi scores first PSG goal in Champions League win over Manchester City|last=Morse|first=Ben|date=29 September 2021|website=CNN|access-date=30 September 2021}}</ref> On 21 November (matchday 14), Messi scored his first Ligue 1 goal in a 3–1 home victory over [[FC Nantes|Nantes]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/sports/ligue-1-lionel-messi-scores-first-league-goal-for-psg-rennes-beat-montpellier-10152801.html|title=Ligue 1: Lionel Messi scores first league goal for PSG, Rennes beat Montpellier-Sports News , Firstpost|date=21 November 2021|website=Firstpost|access-date=21 November 2021}}</ref> Later that month, he provided a hat-trick of assists for the fifth time in his career as PSG beat [[AS Saint-Étienne|Saint-Étienne]] 3–1 away from home.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.espn.in/football/blog-espn-fc-united/story/4534088/erling-haaland-beats-cristiano-ronaldo-record-lionel-messi-fifth-hattrick-of-assists-bayern-munich-historic-102|title=Stats: Haaland beats Ronaldo record, Messi's fifth hattrick of assists, Bayern's historic 102|date=29 November 2021|website=ESPN|access-date=29 November 2021}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211201012357/https://www.espn.in/football/blog-espn-fc-united/story/4534088/erling-haaland-beats-cristiano-ronaldo-record-lionel-messi-fifth-hattrick-of-assists-bayern-munich-historic-102 |date=1 December 2021 }}</ref> Having scored 40 goals at club and international level for the calendar year and helped Argentina win the 2021 Copa América, Messi received a record [[2021 Ballon d'Or|seventh Ballon d'Or]] on 29 November.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/59454640|title=Ballon d'Or: Lionel Messi wins award as best player in world football for seventh time|access-date=29 November 2021|agency=BBC}}</ref>{{quote box|width=33%|align=right|quote="I think about being able to reverse the situation, about not having the feeling of having changed clubs and that it didn’t go well for me. I’m already prepared for what’s to come, I know the club, I know the city, I’m a little more comfortable with the dressing room, with my teammates and I know it’s going to be different."|source=– Messi reflects on his difficult first season at PSG and how he wants to improve in his second season in an interview with [[TyC Sports]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Messi talks leaving Barcelona, Real Madrid, Sergio Aguero and PSG|date=30 May 2022 |url=https://www.barcablaugranes.com/2022/5/30/23147668/messi-talks-leaving-barcelona-real-madrid-sergio-aguero-and-psg|access-date=7 August 2022|publisher=Barca Blaugranes}}</ref>}}On 2 January 2022, PSG announced that Messi had tested positive for [[COVID-19]], he later went on to miss two league games and one cup game.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.espn.in/football/paris-saint-germain--frapsg/story/4560395/covid-lionel-messithree-other-psg-players-positive|title=PSG's Messi tests positive for COVID-19|date=2022-01-02|website=ESPN|access-date=2022-06-12}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/2022/05/30/football/lionel-messi-covid-struggles-psg-spt-intl/index.html|title=Lionel Messi reveals his behind-the-scenes Covid-19 struggle|last=Foster|first=Matt|date=30 May 2022|website=CNN|access-date=2022-06-12}}</ref> He made his return against on 23 January in the league against [[Stade de Reims|Reims]] where he came on as a substitute in the second half and assisted PSG's third goal in a 4–0 home victory.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/messi-returns-ramos-scores-and-psg-cruise/articleshow/89084711.cms|title=Messi returns, Ramos scores and PSG cruise|date=January 24, 2022|website=The Times of India|access-date=2022-06-12}}</ref> On 13 March, following their Champions League elimination against Real Madrid in the [[2021–22 UEFA Champions League knockout phase#Round of 16|round of 16]], Messi and his team-mate Neymar were booed by some of the PSG fans at the [[Parc des Princes]] in the league match against Bordeaux.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.espn.in/football/paris-saint-germain--frapsg/story/4617314/why-psg-fans-booed-messimbappe-and-co-their-frustration-runs-much-deeper-than-the-champions-league|title=PSG fans' frustrations run a lot deeper than Messi and the Champions League|date=2022-03-16|website=ESPN|access-date=2022-06-12}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.goal.com/en/news/psg-fans-booing-messi-unbelievable-pochettino/bltd15fedeeb21fe971|title=PSG fans booing Messi 'unbelievable' - Pochettino|website=www.goal.com|access-date=2022-06-12}}</ref> Then-PSG manager [[Mauricio Pochettino]] defended Messi by saying "To judge Messi in this way is unfair," adding "It was a year of learning, and not just on a professional level coming to Paris Saint-Germain, in a new league and with new teammates, but also on a family level."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.espn.in/football/paris-saint-germain--frapsg/story/4655753/psgs-lionel-messi-has-been-judged-unfairly-mauricio-pochettino|title=Pochettino: Messi has been judged unfairly at PSG|date=2022-05-02|website=ESPN|language=en|access-date=2022-06-13}}</ref> On 23 April, he helped PSG clinch their 10th Ligue 1 title after scoring from a strike outside the 18-yard box in a 1–1 draw against [[RC Lens|Lens]] at home.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://global.espn.com/football/paris-saint-germain--frapsg/story/4646307/lionel-messi-scores-as-paris-saint-germain-win-ligue-1-to-equal-marseillesaint-etienne-title-record|title=Messi scores as PSG win title, equal Ligue 1 mark|date=23 April 2022|website=ESPN.com|access-date=24 April 2022}}</ref> Messi finished his debut season with 11 goals and 14 assists across all competitions.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.goal.com/en-in/news/lionel-messi-psg-performance-2021-22-season/bltcd4c10b617272ed1|title=Worst season in Lionel Messi's career! How did the Argentine perform in the 2021-22 season for PSG?|website=www.goal.com|access-date=2022-06-12}}</ref> He failed to reach double figure league goals for the first time since 2005–06, ending the campaign with 6.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sportsmax.tv/football/international/item/95781-real-madrid-v-psg-messi-is-in-mbappe-s-shadow-but-do-not-buy-the-myth-that-he-is-finished|title=Real Madrid v PSG: Messi is in Mbappe's shadow but do not buy the myth that he is finished|website=sportsmax.tv|access-date=2022-06-12}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920170602/https://www.sportsmax.tv/football/international/item/95781-real-madrid-v-psg-messi-is-in-mbappe-s-shadow-but-do-not-buy-the-myth-that-he-is-finished |date=2022-09-20 }}</ref> === इन्टर मियामी === पेरिस सेन्ट जर्मेनबाट बिदाइको पुष्टि पछि, मेस्सी पूर्व क्लब बार्सिलोनामा फर्कने, साथै साउदी प्रोफेशनल लिग क्लब अल-हिलालमा ठुलो पैसा सार्नको साथ जोडिएको थियो, तर उनको अन्तिम निर्णय [[मेजर लिग सकर]] क्लब [[इन्टर मियामी]]मा अनुबन्धित भएको थियो। ५ जून २०२३ द्वारा बार्सिलोना अध्यक्ष जोन लापोर्टालाई सूचित गरिएको थियो।<ref name="MessiMiamiBBC">{{#invoke:Cite web||url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/65832658|title=Lionel Messi to join Inter Miami after leaving Paris St-Germain|last=Balague|first=Guillem|website=BBC Sport|date=7 June 2023|access-date=7 June 2023}}</ref><ref name="MessiBarcaReturn">{{#invoke:Cite web||url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/football/first-team/news/3532021/fc-barcelona-wishes-lionel-messi-the-best-of-luck-in-his-new-professional-phase|title=FC Barcelona wishes Lionel Messi the best of luck in his new professional phase|website=fcbarcelona.com|date=7 June 2023|access-date=7 June 2023}}</ref>आर्थिक अभावका कारण बार्सिलोनाले उनलाई अनुबन्ध गर्न सकेन।<ref name=":0" /> == अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय खेल जीवन == जुन २००४ मा, [[पाराग्वे]] बिरुद्ध अन्डर-२० [[मैत्रीपूर्ण खेल]]मा उनले अर्जेन्टिनाको लागि पहिलो खेल खेले।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.lionelmessi.com/biography/|title=Lionel Messi Biography|publisher=Lionelmessi.com|accessdate=2009-07-07}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080802154715/http://lionelmessi.com/biography/ |date=2008-08-02 }}</ref> सन् २००५ मा वहाँले नेदरल्यान्डमा [[२००५ फिफा वर्ल्ड युथ च्याम्पियनसिप]] जितने टोलीको खेलाडी थिए। यहाँ उनले अर्जेन्टिनाको लागि अन्तिम चार खेल खेलेर प्रतियोगिता अवधिमा सर्वाधिक ६ गोल गर्दै [[गोल्डन बल]] र [[गोल्डन बुट]] जिते।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fifa.com/tournaments/archive/tournament=104/edition=9102/index.html|title=FIFA World Youth Championship Netherlands 2005|publisher=FIFA|accessdate=2009-07-07}}</ref> उनले १७ अगस्ट २००५मा १८ वर्षको उमेरमा [[हङ्गेरी]] बिरुद्ध पहिलो पूर्ण अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय खेल खेले। ६३औँ मिनेटमा उनले अर्को खेलाडीलाई प्रतिस्थापित गरे, तर ६५औँ मिनेटमा निष्कासित भए किन भने रेफ्री, [[मार्कस मर्क]]ले उनले आफ्नो सर्ट तान्दै गरेका रक्षापंक्ति [[विलमस भ्यानज्याक]]लाई टाउकाले हानेका देखेका थिए। यो निर्णय विवादास्पद थियो र [[डिएगो म्याराडोना|म्याराडोना]]ले पनि निर्णय पूर्व-निर्धारित भएको दावा गरेका थिए।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/world_football/4172400.stm|title=Messi handles 'new Maradona' tag|publisher=BBC Sport| date=2005-08-22| accessdate=2009-07-07| last=Vickery |first=Tim}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.people.com.cn/200508/20/eng20050820_203655.html|title=Argentine striker Messi recalled for World Cup qualifier|publisher=''People's Daily Online''| date=2005-08-20| accessdate=2009-07-07}}</ref> ३ सेप्टेम्बरमा [[विश्वकप छनौट]]मा [[पाराग्वे]]लाई १-०ले हराएको खेलबाट मेसी टोलीमा फिर्ता भए। म्याच अगावै उनले भने कि "यो मेरो पून:शुरूआत हो। पहिलो धेरै कम समयको लागि नै थियो।"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://soccernet.espn.go.com/preview?id=178848&cc=5739|title=Messi tries again as Argentina face Paraguay|publisher=ESPN Soccernet|date=2005-09-02|accessdate=2009-07-07}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110628224026/http://soccernet.espn.go.com/preview?id=178848&cc=5739 |date=2011-06-28 }}</ref> यसपछि उनले अर्जेन्टिनाको लागि [[पेरू]] बिरुद्ध आफ्नो पहिलो खेल शुरू गरे; म्याच पछि पेकरम्यानले मेसीलाई एक "रत्न"को रूपमा वर्णन गरे।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/sports/2005/oct/10messi.htm|title=Messi is a jewel says Argentina coach|publisher=Rediff| date=2005-10-10| accessdate=2009-07-07|last=Homewood|first=Brian}}</ref> २८ मार्च, २००९मा [[भेनेजुएला]] बिरुद्द विश्वकप छनौटमा मेसीले पहिलो पल्ट अर्जेन्टिनाको लागि १० नम्बरको जर्सी लगाए। यो म्याच डिएगो म्यारडोनाको लागि अर्जेन्टिनाको प्रशिक्षकको रूपमा पहिलो आधिकारिक म्याच थियो। लियोनेल मेसीको शुरुवाती गोलको मद्दतले अर्जेन्टिनाले खेल ४-० ले जित्यो।<ref>{{cite web| url = http://soccernet.espn.go.com/report?id=230046&cc=5739| title = Argentina 4-0 Venezuela: Messi the star turn| date = 2009-03-28| accessdate = 2009-07-07| publisher = Allaboutfcbarcelona.com}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024081458/http://soccernet.espn.go.com/report?id=230046&cc=5739 |date=2012-10-24 }}</ref> === २००६ फिफा विश्व कप === यस चोटले मेसीलाई २००५-०६ सिजनको अन्तमा दुई महिनाको लागि खेलबाट बाहिर राख्यो, यसको कारणले [[विश्वकप]]मा मेसीको उपस्थिति पनि आशङ्काको घेरामा पर्‍यो। तापनि, मेसीलाई १५ मे २००६मा हुने प्रतियोगिताको लागि अर्जेन्टिनी टोलीमा छानियो। उनले विश्वकप भन्दा पहिले, अर्जेन्टिना अन्डर-२० टोलीको बिरुद्ध फाइनल म्याचमा १५ मिनेट र [[अङ्गोला|एङ्गोला]] बिरुद्ध मैत्रिपूर्ण खेलमा ६४ मिनेट खेले।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/world_cup_2006/teams/argentina/5047440.stm| title=Messi comes of age|publisher=BBC Sport|date=2006-06-05|accessdate=2009-07-07| last = Vickery | first = Tim }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/world_cup_2006/teams/argentina/5023884.stm| title=Argentina allay fears over Messi|publisher=BBC Sport|date=2006-05-30|accessdate=2009-07-07}}</ref> उनले [[आइभाेरी काेस्ट|आइभरी कोस्ट]] बिरुद्ध [[अर्जेन्टिना]]को शुरूवाती म्याच विजय प्रतिस्थापकहरूको बेञ्चबाट हेर्न मात्र पाए।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.kicker.de/fussball/wm/startseite/artikel/350938| title=Messi weiter auf der Bank|publisher=Kicker.de|date=2006-06-13|accessdate=2009-07-07|language=German}}</ref> [[सर्बिया]] बिरुद्ध अर्को म्याचमा मेसी ७४औँ मिनेटमा [[म्याक्सी रोड्रिग्वेज]]को स्थानमा मैदानमा छिरेर विश्वकपमा अर्जेन्टिनाबाट खेल्ने सबैभन्दा कम उमेरको खेलाडी बने। उनले खेलमा प्रवेश गरेको केही मिनेटमा नै [[हरनान क्रेस्पो]]लाई गोल गर्नमा सहयोग गरे र ६-० को जितमा अन्तिम गोल पनि गर्न सफल भए, यसबाट उनी प्रतियोगितामा सबैभन्दा कम उमेरको स्कोरर र [[विश्व कप]]को इतिहासमा सबैभन्दा कम उमेरको छैठौ गोल गर्ने स्कोरर बने।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/world_cup_2006/4853028.stm| title=Argentina 6-0 Serbia & Montenegro|publisher=BBC Sport|date=2006-06-16|accessdate=2009-07-07}}</ref> मेसीले [[नेदरल्यान्ड]] बिरुद्ध अर्जेन्टिना ०-० को बराबरीमा शुरूवात गरे।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/world_cup_2006/4853328.stm| title=Holland 0-0 Argentina|publisher=BBC Sport|date=2006-06-21|accessdate=2009-07-07}}</ref> [[मेक्सिको]] बिरुद्धको अर्को खेलमा १-१ गोलको बराबरी संगै, मेसी ८४औँ मिनेटमा स्थानापन्नको रूपमा मैदान प्रवेश गरे। अर्जेन्टिनालाई अगाडि बढनको लागि [[अतिरिक्त समय]]मा एक गोलको आवश्यकता रहेको अवस्थामा उनले गोल स्कोर गर्नै लागेका थिए, तर उनलाई [[अफसाइड]] घोषित गरियो।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://blogs.guardian.co.uk/worldcup06/2006/06/26/rodriguez_finds_an_answer_but.html|title=Rodríguez finds an answer but many questions still remain|publisher=''The Guardian''|date=2006-06-26|accessdate=2009-07-07|last=Walker|first=Michael}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060630153833/http://blogs.guardian.co.uk/worldcup06/2006/06/26/rodriguez_finds_an_answer_but.html |date=2006-06-30 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/world_cup_2006/4991492.stm|title=Argentina 2-1 Mexico (aet)|publisher=BBC Sport|date=2006-06-24|accessdate=2009-07-07}}</ref> प्रशिक्षक जोस पेकरम्यानले [[जर्मनी]] बिरुद्धको क्वार्टर-फाइनल खेलमा मेसीलाई मैदान प्रवेश गराएनन्, जुन खेल अर्जेन्टिनाले [[पेनाल्टी शूटआउट]]मा ४-२ले हार्‍यो।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/world_cup_2006/4991602.stm|title=Germany 1-1 Argentina|publisher=BBC Sport|date=2006-06-30|accessdate=2009-07-07}}</ref> === २००७ कोपा अमेरिका कप === [[चित्र:Messi in Copa America 2007.jpg|thumb|220px|कोपा अमेरीका कप २००७मा मेस्सि]] मेस्सिले २९ जुन २००७ मा, [[कोपा अमेरिका कप]] २००७ मा आफ्नो पहिलो खेल खेले, यस खेलमा [[अर्जेन्टिना राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|अर्जेन्टिना]]ले [[संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका]]लाई ४-१को गोल अन्तरले हरायो। यस खेलमा, उनले एक प्लेमेकरको रूपमा आफ्नो क्षमता प्रदर्शन गरे। उनले आफ्नो सहकर्मी स्ट्राइकर [[हरनान क्रेस्पो]]को लागि गोल गर्नमा सहयोग गरे। ७९औँ मिनेटमा टेभेज मेसीको बदलामा मैदानमा आए र केही मिनेट पछि गोल स्कोर गरे।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/internationals/6252156.stm|title=Tevez Nets In Argentina Victory|publisher=BBC Sport|date=2007-06-29|accessdate=2008-10-11}}</ref> उनको दोस्रो म्याच [[कोलोम्बिया राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|कोलम्बिया]]को बिरुद्ध खेले, जसमा उनले एक पेनाल्टी पाए र यसलाई क्रेस्पोले सहि सदुपयोग गर्दै खेललाई १-१को बराबरीमा परिवर्तित गर्नमा सफल भए। उनी अर्जेन्टिनाको दोस्रो गोलको पनि भगिदार भए किन भनें उनीलाई बक्सको बाहिर फल भएको थियो, जसलाई [[जुआन रिकेल्मी]]ले फ्रिकिकबाट गोलमा परिणत गरिदिए र अर्जेन्टीनाले ३-१को अग्रता हासिल गर्‍यो। खेलको अन्तिम स्कोर ४-२ का साथ अर्जेन्टिना टूर्नामेन्टको क्वार्टर-फाइनलमा प्रवेस गर्‍यो।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/internationals/6263888.stm|title=Argentina into last eight of Copa |publisher=BBC Sport|date=2007-07-03|accessdate=2008-10-11}}</ref> [[पाराग्वे]]को बिरुद्ध तेस्रो खेलमा, मेसी क्वार्टर-फाइनलको लागि योग्य साबित भईसकेकाले प्रशिक्षकले उनलाई विश्राम दिए। उनलाई ६४औँ मिनेटमा ०-० स्कोरको अवस्थामा [[इस्टेबन क्याम्बियासो]]को बदलामा मैदानमा उत्रिने मौका मिल्यो। ७९औँ मिनेटमा उनले [[ज्यावियर म्यास्चरानो]]लाई गोल गर्न सहयोग गरे।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.conmebol.com/competiciones_evento_reporte.jsp?evento=1055&ano=2007&dv=1&flt=C&id=18&slangab=E|title= Argentina-Paraguay|publisher=Conmebol|date=2007-07-05|accessdate=2009-05-28}}</ref> क्वार्टर-फाइनलमा [[अर्जेन्टिना]]ले [[पेरू]]लाई ४-०को गोल अन्तरले हराउँदा मेसीले रिकेल्मीको पासमा भन्दा खेलको दोस्रो गोल गरे।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/internationals/6282908.stm|title=Argentina and Mexico reach semis|publisher=BBC Sport|date=2007-07-09|accessdate=2008-10-11}}</ref> [[मेक्सिको]]को बिरुद्ध सेमी-फाइनल म्याचमा मेसीले गोलरक्षक [[ओसवाल्डो स्यान्शेज]] भन्दा माथिबाट उफारेर गोल गरे, जसबाट अर्जेन्टिना ३-० जितका साथ फाइनलमा पुग्न सफल भयो।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/internationals/6294930.stm|title=Messi's Magic Goal|publisher=BBC Sport|date=2007-07-12|accessdate=2008-10-11}}</ref> तर फाइनलमा अर्जेन्टिनाले [[ब्राजिल]] सँग ३-०को हार ब्यहोर्नु पर्‍यो।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/6899694.stm|title=Brazil victorious in Copa America|publisher=BBC Sport|date=2007-07-16|accessdate=2009-05-28}}</ref> [[चित्र:Messi olympics-soccer-7.jpg|thumb|left|220px|२००८ ओलम्पिकमा ब्राजिल बिरुद्धको खेलमा मेसी]] === २००८ ग्रीष्मकालीन ओलम्पिक === [[२००८ ग्रीष्मकालीनओलम्पिक]]मा मेसीलाई [[अर्जेन्टिना]]को लागि खेल्नबाट निषेध गरिए पछि,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/othersports/olympics/2510034/Lionel-Messi-out-of-Olympics-after-Barcelona-win-court-appeal-against-Fifa.html|title=Lionel Messi out of Olympics after Barcelona win court appeal against Fifa|publisher=''Daily Telegraph''|date=2008-08-06|accessdate=2009-05-27}}</ref> उनले बार्सिलोनाका नयाँ प्रशिक्षक [[जोसेप गार्डियोला]] सँग वार्ता गरे र पछि मात्र उनलाई खेल्न दिने सहमति जनाए।<ref name="Messi Olympics">{{cite news|url=http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5hBwBdQawHH84xSfUkq2uo3w1nwvA|title=Barcelona give Messi Olympics thumbs-up|publisher=AFP|date=2008-08-07|accessdate=2009-05-27|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20110711111228/http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5hBwBdQawHH84xSfUkq2uo3w1nwvA|archivedate=2011-07-11}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110711111228/http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5hBwBdQawHH84xSfUkq2uo3w1nwvA |date=2011-07-11 }}</ref> उनी अर्जेन्टिनाको टोलीमा समावेस भएर [[आइभाेरी काेस्ट|आइभोरी कोस्ट]] माथिको २-१ को जितमा पहिलो गोल स्कोर गरे।<ref name="Messi Olympics"/> यसपछि खेलमा उनले शुरूवाती गोल गरे र दोस्रो गोलको लागि [[एन्जल डी मारिया]]लाई सहयोग गर्दे अर्जेन्टिनालाई [[नेदरल्यान्ड]] बिरुद्ध अतिरिक्त समयमा २-१ को जित हासिल गराए।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.fifa.com/mensolympic/matches/round=250022/match=300051809/summary.html|title=Messi sets up Brazil semi|publisher=FIFA|date=2008-08-16|accessdate=2009-05-27}}</ref> उनले प्रतिद्वन्द्वी [[ब्राजिल]] बिरुद्धको म्याचमा पनि भाग लिए, जसमा अर्जेन्टिनाले ३-०को जित हासिल गरी फाइनलमा प्रवेश गर्‍यो।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.examiner.com/x-642-Soccer-Examiner~y2008m8d19-Argentina-Takes-Down-Brazil-30-in-Olympic-Semifinal-Nigera-Awaits-in-Final|title=Argentina Takes Down Brazil 3-0| last = Baumgartner | first = Jesse |publisher=Examiner|date=2008-08-19|accessdate=2009-05-27}}</ref> फाइनल खेलमा मेसीले फेरी एकमात्र गोलको लागि डी मारियालाई सहयोग गरी [[नाइजेरिया]]लाई १-०ले पराजित गरी अर्जेन्टिनालाई विजयी बनाए।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.usatoday.com/sports/olympics/2008-08-23-860591452_x.htm|title=Argentina beats Nigeria 1-0 for Olympic gold| last = Millward | first = Robert |publisher=''USA Today''|date=2008-08-23|accessdate=2009-05-27}}</ref> === २००८-२०११: लगातार खराब प्रदर्शन === २००८ को उत्तरार्ध पछि, अर्जेन्टिनी राष्ट्रिय टोलीले तीन वर्ष लगातार खराब गर्यो।{{sfn|Balagué|2013|pp=384–387}} डिएगो म्याराडोनाको प्रशिक्षणमा २०१० फिफा विश्वकपमा छनोट हुन निकै सङ्घर्ष गर्नु पर्यो। छनोट को अन्तिम खेलमा उरुग्वेलाई १-० ले पराजित गरेर मात्र उबीहरू आफ्नो विश्वकपमा प्रवेश पाए। म्याराडोनालाई उनको रणनीतिक निर्णय(मेसीलाई उनको स्थान भन्दा बाहिर राखिने निर्णय)को लागि आलोचना गरियो। म्याराडोनाको प्रशिक्षणमा खेलेको छनोटको ८ खेलमा, मेसीले एक गोल गरे। उनले भेनेजुएला बिरुद्ध ४-० को जितमा सुरुवाती गोल गरेका थिए।<ref name="Century"/>{{sfn|Lisi|2011|pp=533–539}} २००९ मार्च २९ मा भएको त्यो खेलमा उनले पहिलो पटक अर्जेन्टिनाको १० नम्बरको जर्सी लगाएका थिए। रिक्विलमेले अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय सन्यास लिएपछि उनले त्यो मौका पाएका थिए।<ref>{{cite news |first=Ian |last=Chadband |title=Lionel Messi Can Achieve More at Barcelona than Diego Maradona |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |date=28 April 2009 |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/teams/chelsea/5231676/Lionel-Messi-can-achieve-more-at-Barcelona-than-Diego-Maradona.html |access-date=13 August 2015}}</ref> समग्रमा, छनोट चरणमा १८ खेलमा चार गोल गरे <ref name="Century"/> प्रतियोगिता भन्दा अगाडि, म्याराडोनाले बार्सीलोनामा मेसीलाई भेटे र रणनीतिको लागि आग्रह गरे; मेसीले ४-३-१-२ फर्मेसन उल्लेख गरे, जसमा उनी दुई स्ट्राइकरको बेचमा खेल्ने चाल थियो। यो फर्मेसनलाई अर्जेन्टिनी फुटबलमा ''एन्गाछे'' भनिन्थ्यो र यो मेसी बाल्यकाल देखि नै यसमा खेल्न रुचाउँथे। {{sfn|Balagué|2013|pp=155–156, 405–406}} [[चित्र:Messi Copa America 2011.jpg|thumb|upright|left|[[२०११ कोपा अमेरिका]]मा उद्घाटन खेलमा बोलिभिया विरुद्धको खेलमा मेसी ]] उनीहरूको खराब प्रदर्शनको बाबजुद, अर्जेन्टिनालाई दक्षिण अफ्रिकामा हुने विश्वकपको दाबेदार मानिन्थ्यो। प्रतियोगिताको सुरुवातमा, यो नयाँ फर्मेसन असरदार देखियो; उनीहरूको उद्घाटन खेलमा नाइजेरिया बिरुद्ध मेसीले गोलका चार अवसर सिर्जना गरे तर ती सबै प्रहारहरू नाइरेजेली गोलकिपरले रोके। त्यो खेल अर्जेन्टिनाले १-० ले जित्यो। अर्को खेलमा, दक्षिण कोरिया विरुद्धको एकतर्फी जितमा, ४-१ को जितमा सबै गोलमा उनको योगदान रह्यो। यो जित पछि नक आउट चरणमा उनीहरूको स्थान सुरक्षित भयो। मेसी बाहेक मुख्य खेलाडीहरूलाई विश्राम दिइयो।{{sfn|Lisi|2011|pp=533–539}} समूह चरणको अन्तिम खेलमा उनले पहिलो पटक खेलको कप्तानी गरे। ग्रीस विरुद्धको त्यो खेलमा २-० ले जित्यो र दोश्रो गोलमा उनको असिस्ट रह्यो र अर्जेन्टिनाले समूहको बिजेता बनेर समूह चरणको खेल सम्पन्न गर्यो।<ref>{{cite news |first=Rory |last=Smith |title=Greece 0 Argentina 2: Match Report |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |date=22 June 2010 |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/world-cup/news/7842201/Greece-0-Argentina-2-match-report.html |access-date=13 August 2015}}</ref> अन्तिम १६ को खेलमा, अर्जेन्टिनाले मेक्सिकोलाई ३-१ ले परजित गर्यो। मेसीले असिस्ट गरेको पहिलो गोल अफसाइडको कारणले विवादमा रह्यो। {{sfn|Lisi|2011|pp=564–567}} क्वाटरफाइनलमा उनीहरूको भेट जर्मनीसँग तय भयो। चार वर्ष अगाडि क्वाटरफाइनलमा नै जर्मनीले अर्जेन्टिनालाई पराजित गरेको थियो। यसपाली जर्मनीले अर्जेन्टिनालाई ४-० ले निरीह बनायो। यो हार १९७४ विश्वकप यताकै खराब नतिजा थियो। {{sfn|Lisi|2011|pp=564–567}} फिफाले मेसीलाईउनको "उत्कृष्ट" गति र सिर्जना र "अनौठो र कुशल" ड्रिबलिङ, सुट र पास उल्लेख गर्दै प्रतियोगिताको उत्कृष्ट १० खेलाडीको सूचीमा राख्यो।<ref>{{cite web |title=Adidas Golden Ball Nominees Announced |publisher=FIFA |date=9 July 2010 |url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/news/y=2010/m=7/news=adidas-golden-ball-nominees-announced-1270753.html |access-date=13 August 2015}}</ref> घर फर्कदा, मेसीले कठोर प्रतिक्रियाको सामना गर्नुपर्यो। विश्वको नै उत्कृष्ट खेलाडी मानिएको उनलाई १९८६ मा म्याराडोनाले झै उपाधी जिताउने अपेक्षा गैएको थियो, तर मेसीले बार्सिलोनामा जुन उत्कृष्ट प्रदर्शन गर्दै आएका थिए, राष्ट्रिय टोलीबाट पनि त्यस्तै खालको प्रदर्शन गर्न सफल भएनन्। यसकारणले उनलाई क्लब भन्दा देशलाई कम ध्यान महत्व दिएको आरोप लाग्यो। {{sfn|Balagué|2013|pp=414–420}} म्याराडोनाको स्थानमा सर्जियो बाटिस्टा आए। उनको प्रशिक्षणमा अर्जेन्टिनाले ओलम्पिक जितेको थियो। उनले सार्वजनिक रुपमा मेसीको छायाँको टोली बनाउने कुरा व्यक्त गरे। उनलाई फरवार्ड बनाएर ४-३-३ को फर्मेसनमा खेल्ने जुनमा बार्सीलोना अत्यधिक सफल रहेको थियो। {{sfn|Balagué|2013|pp=414–420}}<ref name="NewRole">{{cite web |first=Michael |last=Cox |title=Lionel Messi Showing Some Promising Signs in a New Argentina Role |publisher=ESPN FC |date=13 November 2014 |url=http://www.espnfc.com/blog/tactics-and-analysis/67/post/2144957/argentina-national-team-lionel-messi-showing-some-promising-signs-in-a-new-argentina-role |access-date=13 August 2015}}</ref> मेसीले २०१०-११ क्लब सिजनमा कीर्तिमानी ५३ गोल गरेपनि उनले अर्जेन्टिनाको लागि आधिकारिक खेलमा २००९ मार्च यता कुनै गोल गर्न सकेका थिएनन्।<ref name="Matches 2010–11" /><ref name="Century"/> ट्याक्टिकल परिवर्तन गरेपनी [[२०११ कोपा अमेरिका]]मा गोलको खडेरी लागिरह्यो। यो कोपा प्रतियोगिता अर्जेन्टिनाले नै आयोजना गरेको थियो। उनीहरूको पहिलो दुई खेलमा, बोलिभिया र कोलम्बिया बिरुद्धको, बराबरीमा सकियो। मिडिया र फ्यानहरूले उनको र अर्का स्ट्राइकर [[कार्लोस टेभेज]]को तालमेल राम्रो नमिलेको कुरा याद गरे। कार्लोस टेभेजको अर्जेन्टिनी समुदाय माझ ठुलो लोकप्रियता थियो। मेसीलाई करिअरमा पहिलो पटक उनकै टोलीको समर्थकले नै निरन्तर दुर्ववहार गरिरहेका थिए। टेभेजलाई बेन्चमा राखेर खेलिएको अर्को महत्वपूर्ण खेलमा, मेसीले राम्रो प्रदर्शन गरे। कोस्टा रिका विरुद्धको यो खेलमा उनले २ गोल असिस्ट गरे। क्वाटरफाइनलमा उरुग्वे विरुद्धको खेलमा १-१ को बराबरी भएपछि भएको पेनाल्टी सुटआउटमा अर्जेन्टिना ४-५ ले पराजित हुँदै बाहिरियो। उरुग्वे यो प्रतियोगिताको च्याम्पियन बन्यो।{{sfn|Balagué|2013|pp=414–420}} === २०११-१३: कम्तानी === [[चित्र:Suisse vs Argentine - Granit Xhaka & Lionel Messi crop.jpg|thumb|upright|मेसी आफ्नो पहिलो अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय [[ह्याट्रिक]] स्विट्जरल्यान्ड विरुद्ध २०१२ फेब्रुअरी मा गरेका थिए।]] कोपा अमेरिकामा अर्जेन्टिनाको असफल प्रदर्शन रहेपछि, बटिस्टाको स्थानमा अलेजान्द्रो साबेला आए। २०११ अगस्टमा उनको नियुक्ति भएपछि उनले त्यतिबेलाका कप्तान जाभियर मास्चेरानोको सम्मतिमा २४- वर्षीय मेसीलाई कप्तानी दिए। पहिले रिजर्भमा अहेका मेसीले आफ्नो स्क्वाडको उत्कृष्ट खेलाडीको उदाहरण दिएर नेतृत्व गरे भने मास्चेरानोले टोलीको अन फिल्ड लिडर र अभिप्रेरकको भूमिका पूरा गरे। {{sfn|Balagué|2013|pp=595–602}}<ref>{{cite news |first=Rob |last=Hughes |title=If Messi Is Argentina's Star, Then Mascherano Is the Glue |newspaper=The New York Times |date=10 July 2014 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/07/11/sports/soccer/if-messi-is-argentinas-star-then-mascherano-is-the-glue.html |access-date=13 August 2015}}</ref> टोलीमा थप परिवर्तन गर्दै साबेलाले टेभेजलाई हटाए र युवा खेलाडीहरू ल्याए जोसँग मेसीले वर्ल्ड युथ च्यापियनसिप र ओलम्पिक स्वर्ण पदक जितेका थिए। अहिले सुधारिएको टोलीमा, अक्टोबर ७ मा चिली विरुद्धको विश्व छनोटको पहिलो खेलमा गोल गर्दै मेसीले गोलको खडेरी तोडे। यो साढे दुई वर्ष पछि आधिकारिक खेलमा अर्जेन्टिनाको लागि उनको पहिलो गोल थियो।<ref name="Century"/>{{sfn|Balagué|2013|pp=595–602}} सबेलाको मातहतमा, मेसीको गोल गर्ने दर आमूल परिवर्तन भयो।यस अघिका प्रशिक्षकहरूको मा, ६१ खेलमा १७ गोल मात्र गरेका थिए भने, त्यसपछिको तीन वर्षमा ३२ खेलमा उनको गोलदर २५ गुणाले बढ्यो।<ref name="Century"/>{{sfn|Balagué|2013|pp=595–602}} २०१२ मा उनले ९ खेलमा १२ गोल गरे, र ग्राबियल बाटिस्टुटाले अर्जेन्टिनाको लागि एउटै वर्षमा सर्वाधिक गोल गर्ने कीर्तिमानसँग बराबरी गरे।<ref>{{cite news |first=Mike |last=Adamson |title=Lionel Messi's Incredible Record-Breaking Year in Numbers |newspaper=The Guardian |date=10 December 2012 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/blog/2012/dec/10/lionel-messi-record-year-numbers |access-date=13 August 2015}}</ref> अर्जेन्टिनाको लागि उनको पहिलो ह्याट्रिक २०१२ फेब्रुअरी २९ मा स्विट्जरल्यान्ड विरुद्धको मैत्रीपुर्ण खेलमा भयो, त्यसपछि अर्को वर्ष ब्राजिल र ग्वाटेमाला विरुद्धको मैत्रीपूर्ण खेलमा उनले ह्याट्रिक गरे। मेसी २०१३ सेप्टेम्बर १० मा पाराग्वे विरुद्धको खेलमा ५-२ को जित कायम गर्दै २०१४ फिफा विश्वकपमा अर्जेन्टिनाको स्थान सुनिश्चित गराए। त्यो खेलमा उनले पेनाल्टीमा दुई गोल गर्नुका साथै अर्को एक गोलमा असिस्ट गरे। त्यो गोल सँगै उनी ३७ गोल सँगै अर्जेन्टिना को सर्वाधिक गोलकर्तामा बाटिस्टुटा पछिको दोस्रो स्थानमा पुगे। समग्रमा, छनोट चरणको १४ खेलमा उनले कुल १० गोल गरे।<ref name="Century"/><ref>{{cite magazine |title=FIFA World Cup Qualifying: Paraguay 2 Argentina 5 |magazine=FourFourTwo |date=11 September 2013 |url=http://www.fourfourtwo.com/news/fifa-world-cup-qualifying-paraguay-2-argentina-5 |access-date=13 August 2015}}</ref> उनको सुधारिएको प्रदर्शनसँगै, सहकर्मीसँगको उनको सम्बन्ध सुधार भयो र बिस्तारै अर्जेन्टिनामा उनको पक्षमा लहर आएको महसुस हुन थाल्यो। {{sfn|Balagué|2013|pp=595–602}} ===२०१४-१५: विश्वकप र कोपा अमेरिका फाइनल === [[चित्र:Iran vs. Argentina match, 2014 FIFA World Cup 37.jpg|thumb|left|[[२०१४ फिफा विश्वकप]] मा इरान विरुद्ध २५-यार्डबाट घुमाउरो प्रहारमा विजयी गोल गरेपछि मेसी]] ब्राजिल विश्वकप भन्दा अगाडि, घाइते भएर बार्सिलोनाबाट असफल सिजन भएकाले मेसीको प्रदर्शनलाई लिएर विभिन्न शंका उपशंका उब्जेका थिए। यद्यपि प्रतियोगिताको सुरुवातमा उनले राम्रो प्रदर्शन रह्यो र सुरुका चार खेलमा [[प्लेयर अफ द म्याच|म्यान अफ द म्याच]] चयन भए।<ref name="TechnicalReport">{{cite web |title=2014 FIFA World Cup Brazil Technical Report and Statistics |publisher=FIFA |pages=170–171 |url=http://resources.fifa.com/mm/document/footballdevelopment/technicalsupport/02/42/15/40/2014fwc_tsg_report_15082014web_neutral.pdf |access-date=14 August 2015 |archive-date=7 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150707023419/http://resources.fifa.com/mm/document/footballdevelopment/technicalsupport/02/42/15/40/2014fwc_tsg_report_15082014web_neutral.pdf |url-status=dead }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150614131111/http://resources.fifa.com/mm/document/footballdevelopment/technicalsupport/02/42/15/40/2014fwc_tsg_report_15082014web_neutral.pdf |date=14 June 2015 }}</ref> कप्तानको रुपमा उनको यो पहिलो विश्वकप थियो। बोस्निया र हर्जगोभिना विरुद्धको खेलमा २-१ को विजय भयो। उनले गरेको प्रहार सिड कोलासिनाकलाई लागेर आत्मघाती गोल भयो। अर्जेन्टिनाको अर्को गोल मेसीले तीन जना विपक्षी खेलाडीलाई छलाएर ड्रिबल गर्दै गोल गरे। यो आठ वर्षपछि उनले विश्वकपमा गरेको पहिलो गोल थियो।<ref>{{cite news |first=Mandeep |last=Sanghera |title=Argentina 2–1 Bos-Herce |work=BBC Sport |date=15 June 2014 |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/25285099 |access-date=14 August 2015}}</ref> [[इरान राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|इरान]] विरुद्धको दोस्रो खेलमा, उनले [[इन्जुरी समय]]मा {{convert|23|m|yd|disp=out|abbr=off}} परबाट गोल गरे। र नक आउट चरणमा आफ्नो स्थान सुरक्षित गर्यो।<ref>{{cite news |first=Rob |last=Smyth |title=Argentina v Iran, World Cup 2014: Live |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |date=21 June 2014 |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/world-cup/10916423/Argentina-vs-Iran-World-Cup-2014-live.html |access-date=14 August 2015}}</ref> उनले समूह चरणको अन्तिम खेलमा [[नाइजेरिया राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|नाइजेरिया]] विरुद्धको ३-२ को जितमा दुई गोल गरे। उनको दोस्रो गोल फ्रिकिक बाट भएको थियो। यो जित सँगै अर्जेन्टिना समूह बिजेता भयो।<ref>{{cite news |first=Saj |last=Chowdhury |title=Nigeria 2–3 Argentina |work=BBC Sport |date=25 June 2014 |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/25285406 |access-date=14 August 2015}}</ref> अन्तिम १६ मा स्विट्जरल्यान्ड बिरुद्धको १-० को जित भएको खेलमा अन्तिम समयमा एन्जल डि मारियाले गोल गरे। सो गोलमा मेसीले पास दिएका थिए। क्वाटरफाइनलमा अर्जेन्टिनाले [[बेल्जियम राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|बेल्जियम]]लाई पनि १-० ले पराजित गर्दै [[१९९० फिफा विश्वकप|१९९०]] पछि पहिलो पटक विश्वकपको सेमिफाइनलमा पुग्यो।<ref>{{cite news |first=Jonathan |last=Jurejko |title=Argentina 1–0 Switzerland |work=BBC Sport |date=1 July 2014 |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/27990606 |access-date=14 August 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Ken |last=Ferris |title=Argentina Beat Belgium to Reach First Semi since 1990 |work=Reuters |date=5 July 2014 |url=http://in.reuters.com/article/soccer-world-m60-arg-bel-idINKBN0FA0PA20140705 |access-date=14 August 2015 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190322143741/https://in.reuters.com/article/soccer-world-m60-arg-bel-idINKBN0FA0PA20140705 |date=22 March 2019 }}</ref> सेमिफाइनलमा एक्ट्रा समयमा पनि ०-० नतिजा पछि भएको पेनाल्टी सुट आउटमा [[नेदरल्यान्ड राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|नेदरल्यान्डस]] लाई ४-२ ले हराउँदै अर्जेन्टिना फाइनलमा पुग्यो। मेसीले आफ्नो टोलीको पहिलो पेनाल्टी प्रहारमा स्कोर गरे।<ref>{{cite news |first=Phil |last=McNulty |title=Netherlands 0–0 Argentina |work=BBC Sport |date=9 July 2014 |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/28122293 |access-date=14 August 2015}}</ref> [[चित्र:Messi in Germany and Argentina face off in the final of the World Cup 2014 -2014-07-13 (24).jpg|thumb|upright|right|२०१४ फिफा विश्वकप फाइनलमा जर्मनीका मेट्स ह्युमेल्ससँग सङ्घर्ष गर्दै मेसी ]] [[चित्र:Lionel_Messi_in_tears_after_the_final.jpg|बायाँ|अङ्गुठाकार|Lionel Messi in tears after the final]] २०१४ फिफा विश्वकप फाइनललाई मेसी विरुद्ध [[जर्मनी राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|जर्मनी]], विश्वको सर्वोत्कृष्ट खेलाडी विरुद्ध सर्वोत्कृष्ट टोली भनेर प्रस्तुत गरिएको थियो। यसमा [[डिएगो म्याराडोना]] सहभागी [[१९९० फिफा विश्वकप|१९९० विश्वकप]]को फाइनलको नतिजा दोहोरियो।<ref>{{cite news |first=Matthew |last=Futterman |title=The World Cup Final: The Best Team vs. the Best Player |work=The Wall Street Journal |date=11 July 2014 |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/the-world-cup-final-the-best-team-vs-the-best-player-1405115575 |access-date=14 August 2015}}</ref> पहिलो हाफ सम्म, मेसीले गोल पनि गरे तर अफसाइड भएर रुल आउट गरियो। उनले गोल गर्ने कयौँ अवसरहरू उपयोग गर्न सकेनन्। सब्स्टिच्युट मारियो गोट्जेले ११३ मिनेट मा गोल गरे। खेलको अन्तिम मिनेटमा मेसीले फ्रिकिक प्रहार गरेका थिए, तर पोस्ट माथि लाग्यो र जर्मनीले खेल १-० ले जिती विश्वकप जित्यो।<ref>{{cite news |first=Scott |last=Murray |title=World Cup Final 2014: Germany v Argentina – as It Happened |newspaper=The Guardian |date=13 July 2014 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2014/jul/13/world-cup-final-2014-germany-v-argentina-live-report |access-date=14 August 2015}}</ref> फाइनलको समापनमा, प्रतियोगिताको सर्वोत्कृष्ट खेलाडी घोषित भइ मेसीले गोल्डेन बल पाए। चार गोल सहित तेस्रो उच्च गोलकर्ता बाहेक उनले सर्वाधिक गोलको मौका सिर्जना गरे, सर्वाधिक धेरै ड्रिबल रन पूरा गरे, पेनाल्टी एरियामा सर्वाधिक धेरै डेलिभरी गरे।<ref name="TechnicalReport"/><ref>{{cite web |first=Adam |last=Bate |title=World Cup Final: Was Lionel Messi Really a Disappointment in Brazil or Have We Just Become Numb to His Genius? |publisher=Sky Sports |date=16 July 2014 |url=http://www.skysports.com/football/news/15241/9381511/world-cup-final-was-lionel-messi-really-a-disappointment-in-brazil-or-have-we-just-become-numb-to-his-genius |access-date=14 August 2015}}</ref> यद्यपि, नक आउट चरणमा गोल गर्न नसकेकाले उनको चयनलाई लिएर केही आलोचना पनि भयो। फिफा अध्यक्ष [[सेप ब्लाटर]]ले आश्चर्य व्यक्त गरे भने म्याराडोनाले बजारीकरणको उद्देश्यले मेसीको चयन गरिएको शंका गरे।<ref>{{cite news |title=World Cup 2014: Lionel Messi Golden Ball Surprised Sepp Blatter |work=BBC Sport |date=14 July 2014 |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/28294339 |access-date=14 August 2014}}</ref> मेसीको अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय करिअरमा तेस्रो फाइनल चिलीमा भएको [[२०१५ कोपा अमेरिका]] पुगे। विश्वकप फुटबलको दोस्रो स्थानको टोली भएकाले [[एफसी बार्सिलोना|बार्सिलोना]]को पूर्व व्यवस्थापक गेरार्डो मार्टिनोको प्रशिक्षणमा रहेको अर्जेन्टिनालाई प्रतियोगिताको दाबेदार मानिन्थ्यो।<ref>{{cite web |title=Gerardo 'Tata' Martino Appointed Argentina Coach |publisher=CNN |date=13 August 2014 |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2014/08/13/sport/football/gerardo-tata-martino-argentina-football/ |access-date=14 August 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first1=Rex |last1=Gowar |first2=Santiago |last2=Torres |first3=Justin |last3=Palmer |title=Messi Bemoans Scoring Difficulties at Copa América |work=Reuters |date=29 June 2015 |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-soccer-copa-argentina-idUSKCN0P91I820150629 |access-date=14 August 2015 |archive-date=2 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150702070537/https://www.reuters.com/article/2015/06/29/us-soccer-copa-argentina-idUSKCN0P91I820150629 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[पाराग्वे राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|पाराग्वे]] विरुद्ध उद्घाटन खेलमा, उनीहरू २ गोलले अघि थिए तर खेलको अन्त्य सम्म उनीहरूले अग्रता गुमाए र २-२ को बराबरी भयो। मेसीले पेनाल्टीमा एक गोल गरे र त्यो नै प्रतियोगितामा उनको एक मात्र गोल रह्यो।<ref>{{cite news |title=Argentina 2–2 Paraguay |work=BBC Sport |date=13 June 2015 |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/33081605 |access-date=14 August 2015}}</ref> साविक विजेता [[उरुग्वे राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|उरुग्वे]] १-० को जित पछि, समूह चरणको जामैका विरुद्धको अन्तिम खेलमा उनले देशको १००औँ क्याप खेले, यो कोशेढुङ्गा हासिल गर्ने उनी पाँचौ अर्जेन्टिनी खेलाडी थिए। [[जमैका राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|जामैका]] बिरुद्ध १-० को जित हासिल भयो।<ref name="100thCap">{{cite web |first1=Gideon |last1=Long |first2=Tony |last2=Jimenez |title=Messi Wins 100th Argentina Cap |work=Reuters |date=21 June 2015 |url=http://in.reuters.com/article/soccer-copa-messi-idINKBN0P106720150621 |access-date=14 August 2015 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160810204854/http://in.reuters.com/article/soccer-copa-messi-idINKBN0P106720150621 |date=10 August 2016 }}</ref> १०० खेलमा उनले कुल ४६ गोल गरे, ती मध्ये २२ आधिकारिक प्रतिस्पर्धाको खेलमा भएको थियो।<ref name="Century"/><ref name="100thCap"/> === २०१६-१७: तेस्रो कोपा अमेरिका फाइनल, सन्यास, र फिर्ती === २०१६ मे २७ मा प्रि कोपा अमेरिका वार्म अप म्याचमा [[होन्डुरस राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|होन्डुरस]] विरुद्धको १-० को जित भएको मैत्रीपूर्ण खेलमा मेसी घाइते भएपछि अर्जेन्टिनी टोलीमा मेसीको सहभागितालाई लिएर अन्योलपूर्ण स्थिति रहेको थियो।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espnfc.us/report?gameId=448440|title=Lionel Messi leaves Argentina's friendly win vs. Honduras with back injury|date=27 May 2016|publisher=ESPN FC|access-date=7 June 2016}}</ref> उनको कम्मर माथिको भागमा गहिरो चोट लागेको खबर आएको थियो। उनको फिटनेसलाई लिएर जुन ६ मा भएको अर्जेन्टिनाको सुरुवाती खेलमा उनी बेन्चमा रहे। साविक बिजेता चिली विरुद्धको खेलमा अर्जेन्टिना २-१ ले विजयी भयो। <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2016/jun/07/argentina-top-chile-in-rematch-of-last-years-copa-america-final|title=Argentina top Chile in rematch of last year's Copa América final|date=7 June 2016|work=The Guardian|access-date=7 June 2016}}</ref> मेसी समूह चरणको दोस्रो खेलमा जुन १० मा [[पानामा राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|पानामा]] विरुद्ध फिट रहेको घोषणा भए पनि, मार्तिनोले उनलाई एकपटक फेरी बेन्चमा राखे; उनी अगस्टो फर्नान्डेज को स्थानमा ६१औँ मिनेटमा मैदान प्रवेश गरे र १९ मिनेटमा ह्याट्रिक गरे। [[सर्जियो अग्वेरो]]को गोलबाट अग्रता लिएको अर्जेन्टिनाले उक्त खेल ५-० ले जित्यो , यससंगै अर्जेन्टिनाले प्रतियोगिताको क्वाटरफाइनलमा स्थान पक्का गर्यो।;<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2016/jun/10/lionel-messi-hat-trick-argentina-panama-copa-america|title=Lionel Messi scores brilliant hat-trick as Argentina surge into quarter-finals|date=11 June 2016|work=The Guardian|access-date=11 June 2016}}</ref> उनको प्रदर्शनको लागि उनी खेलको [[प्लेयर अफ द म्याच|म्यान अफ द म्याच]] भए।<ref name="MOTM-ARG-PAN">{{cite web|url=http://www.ca2016.com/matches/16|title=Match 16 : Argentina vs Panama|date=10 June 2016|publisher=[[Copa América Centenario]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160609183110/http://www.ca2016.com/matches/16|archive-date=9 June 2016|access-date=10 June 2016|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160609183110/http://www.ca2016.com/matches/16 |date=9 June 2016 }}</ref>{{quote box|width=30%|align=right|quote="Did it annoy me that Messi took the record? A little, yes. You go around the world and people say, 'he's the top scorer for the Argentina national team.' But the advantage I have is that I'm second to an extraterrestrial."|source=– [[ग्याब्रियल बाटिस्टुटा]] on the consolation of Messi breaking his record.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.espn.co.uk/football/argentina/story/3268110/gabriel-batistuta-lionel-messi-taking-my-argentina-record-annoyed-me |title=Gabriel Batistuta – Lionel Messi taking my Argentina record annoyed me |agency=ESPN |first=Adriana |last=Garcia |date=13 November 2017 |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref>}}जुन १८ मा, कोपा अमेरिकाको क्वाटरफाइनलमा , मेसीले [[भेनेजुएला राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|भेनेजुएला]]विरुद्ध अर्को प्रेरणादायी प्रदर्शन गरे,<ref name="MOTM-ARG-VEN">{{cite web|url=http://www.ca2016.com/matches/27|title=Match 27 : Argentina vs Venezuela|date=18 June 2016|publisher=[[Copa América Centenario]]|access-date=18 June 2016|df={{cbignore}}}}</ref> उनले दूई असिस्ट प्रदान गरे र अर्को एक गोल गरी ४-१ को विजय सुनिश्चित गरे, यसबाट उनले [[ग्याब्रियल बाटिस्टुटा]]को आधिकारिक अन्तराष्ट्रिय खेलमा ५४ गोलको राष्ट्रिय किर्तिमान बराबरी गरे।<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/36569759|title=Copa America: Lionel Messi equals Gabriel Batistuta's Argentina record|date=19 June 2016|work=BBC Sport|access-date=19 June 2016}}</ref> यो किर्तिमान तीन दिन पछि भंङ्ग भयो जब मेसीले आयोजक संयुक्त राष्ट्र विरुद्धको ४-० को जितमा फ्रिकिक गोल गरे; त्यस खेलमा उनले दुई असिस्ट पनि गरे, र अर्जेन्टिनाले लगातार दोस्रो वर्ष प्रतियोगिताको फाइनलमा स्थान पक्का गर्यो ,<ref name="record">{{cite news|url=http://www.espnfc.com/argentina/story/2897489/lionel-messi-equals-argentinas-gabriel-batistuta-all-time-goal-scoring-record|title=Lionel Messi equals Argentina's all-time goal-scoring record|date=22 June 2016|work=ESPN FC|access-date=22 June 2016}}</ref> र एक पटक फेरी म्यान अफ द म्याच घोषित भए।<ref name="MOTM-USA-ARG">{{cite web|url=http://www.ca2016.com/matches/29|title=Match 29 : United States vs Argentina|date=21 June 2016|publisher=[[Copa América Centenario]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160618001954/http://www.ca2016.com/matches/29|archive-date=18 June 2016|access-date=21 June 2016|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160618001954/http://www.ca2016.com/matches/29 |date=18 June 2016 }}</ref> फाइनलमा अर्जेन्टिनाको भेट चिली संग भयो र फाइनलको नतिजा गत वर्ष कै पुनरावृति भयो। निर्धारित समय ०-२ मा सकिएपछि भएको पेनाल्टी सुटआउटमा अर्जेन्टिना चिली संग पराजित भयो।यो मेसीको लगातार मुख्य प्रतियोगिताको तेस्रो पराजय थियो र समग्रमा चौथो। उनले पेनाल्टी सुटआउटमा पेनाल्टी मिस गरेका थिएA खेलपछि, मेसीले अन्तराष्ट्रिय फुटबलबाट सन्यासको घोषणा गरे।<ref name="Messi retirement">{{cite news|url=http://www.espnfc.com/copa-america/story/2902891/lionel-messi-flags-potential-argentina-retirement-after-penalty-loss-to-chile|title=Lionel Messi retires from Argentina after Copa America final loss to Chile|date=27 June 2016|work=ESPN FC}}</ref> उनले बताए, "मैले मेरो सक्दो गरे। मेरो लागि टोली सकियो, मैले निर्णय गरे।"<ref>{{cite news|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2016/06/27/football/copa-america-lionel-messi/|title=Devastated Messi announces likely retirement from Argentina|date=27 June 2016|publisher=CNN}}</ref> चिलीका प्रशिक्षक जुआन एन्टोनियो पिज्जीले खेलपछि भने, " म्याराडोनाले अर्जेन्टिनी फुटबलको लागि जे गरेका थिए त्यो हिसाबले मेरो पुस्ताले उनलाई मेरो पुस्ताको म्याराडोनासँग तुलना गर्न सक्दैन। तर मा यो सोच्छु कि आजको सबै भन्दा उत्कृष्ट खेलाडी आज अमेरिकामा खेले।"<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2016/jun/27/lionel-messi-says-he-is-quitting-argentina-team-after-copa-america-final-defeat|title=Lionel Messi says his Argentina career is over after Copa América final defeat|date=26 June 2016|work=The Guardian}}</ref> मेसी पाँच गोल सहित [[एदुआर्दो भार्गास]]पछि प्रतियोगिताको दोस्रो उच्च गोलकर्ता भए, र चार असिस्ट सहित सबैभन्दा धेरै असिस्ट दिएका थिए, र प्रतियोगितामा सबैभन्दा धेरै (तीन वटा) म्यान अफ द म्याच जितेका थिए ;<ref name="conmebol-stats">{{Cite web|url=http://estadisticas.conmebol.com/html/v3/index.html?channel=deportes.futbol.copaamerica.statsCenterPerPlayer&lang=es_LA|title=HTML Center|website=estadisticas.conmebol.com|access-date=8 April 2020}}</ref> उनलाई उनको प्रदर्शनको लागि टोली अफ द टुर्नामेन्टमा समावेश गरिएको थियो, उनले गोल्डेन बल अवार्डमा सहभागी भएनन् र [[एलेक्सिस सान्चेस]]लाई प्रदान गरियो।<ref name="Copa América 2016: Awards">{{cite web|url=http://www.ca2016.com/awards|title=Copa América 2016: Awards|date=27 June 2016|publisher=Copa America Organisation|access-date=27 June 2016}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160627172846/http://www.ca2016.com/awards |date=27 June 2016 }}</ref> ==== "नजाऊ लियो " ==== उनको घोषणापछि, सन्यास सम्बन्धी उनको मन परिवर्तन गर्न एक अभियान सुरु भयो।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.skysports.com/football/news/12026/10327302/argentina-hope-lionel-messi-reconsiders-retirement-says-guillem-balague|title=Argentina don't want Messi to retire|date=28 June 2016|agency=Sky Sports}}</ref> अर्जेन्टिनी फुटबल टोली राजधानी ब्युनोस आयर्समा अवतरण गरेपछि उनलाई फ्यानहरूले "लियो नजाऊ" जस्ता नाराले सम्बोधन गरे। अर्जेन्टिनाका राष्ट्रपति मौरिसियो माक्रीले नछोड्नको लागि अनुरोध गरे, उनले भने ,"हामी भाग्यमानी छौ, यो हाम्रो जीवनको एक खुसीको पल हो, हाम्रो जस्तो फुटबलिङ सस्कृति भएको देशमा विश्वकै उत्कृस्ट खेलाडी हुनु यो एक उपहार हो... लियोनेल मेसी अर्जेन्टिनामा भएको सबैभन्दा महान मध्ये एक हुन् र हामीले उनको ख्याल गर्नुपर्छ।"<ref>{{cite news|url=http://en.as.com/en/2016/06/28/football/1467141271_384638.html|title=Messi 'God's gift' to Argentina – president|date=28 June 2016|newspaper=AS}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200923184002/https://en.as.com/en/2016/06/28/football/1467141271_384638.html |date=23 September 2020 }}</ref> [[बुएनोस आइरेस]]का मेयर होरासियो रोड्रीग्वेज लारेताले मेसीलाई सन्यासबारे पुनर्विचार गर्न मनाउन राजधानीमा मेसीको सालिक अनावरण गरे।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.mundodeportivo.com/futbol/20160628/402829485468/inauguran-en-buenos-aires-estatua-en-homenaje-a-messi.html|title=Inauguran en Buenos Aires una estatua en homenaje a Messi|date=28 June 2016|newspaper=El Mundo Deportivo (Spanish)}}</ref> यो अभियान टोल टोल गल्ली गल्लीमा पुग्यो र जुलाई २ मा अर्जेन्टिनी राजधानीको सडकमा ५०,००० समर्थकहरू सोही नारा लिएर सडकमा आए।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.sport-english.com/en/news/world-football/macri-maradona-and-the-argentine-people-rally-together-prompt-messi-u-turn-5234915|title=Macri, Maradona and the Argentine people rally together to prompt Messi U-turn|date=28 June 2016|work=Sport}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161031150321/http://www.sport-english.com/en/news/world-football/macri-maradona-and-the-argentine-people-rally-together-prompt-messi-u-turn-5234915 |date=31 October 2016 }}</ref> ==== फिर्ती ==== {{Quote box|quote="फाइनलको रात मेरो दिमागमा धेरै कुराहरू खेले र मैले छोड्ने बारेमा गम्भीरतापूर्वक सोचें, तर मेरो देश र यो जर्सीप्रतिको मेरो माया धेरै छ।"|source=– २०१६ अगस्ट १२ मा मेसी अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय खेलबाट आफ्नो सन्यासको निर्णय उल्टाउदै <ref>{{cite news |date=12 August 2016 |title=Lionel Messi: Argentina striker reverses decision to retire from national team |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/37066033}}</ref>|align=left|width=30%}} मेसीले आफ्नो अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय सन्यास घोषणा गरेको एक हप्ता पछि, सेप्टेम्बरमा अर्जेन्टिनी पत्रिका ''ला नाकिओन'' मा उनले अर्जेन्टिनाको लागि २०१८ फिफा विश्व कप छनोट खेल्ने बारे पुनर्विचार गरिरहेको खबर आयो।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cbssports.com/soccer/news/report-friend-of-messi-hints-reconsidering-retirement-from-argentina/|title=La Nacion claims to know that Lionel Messi will return to Argentina national team|last=Gonzalez|first=Roger|date=3 July 2016|work=[[CBSSports.com]]|access-date=5 July 2016}}</ref> १२ अगस्टमा, यो कुरा पुष्टि भयो कि उनले अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय फुटबलबारे आफ्नो सन्यासको निर्णय फिर्ता लिए, र राष्ट्रिय टोलीको आउँदो २०१८ विश्व कप छनोटको टोलीमा उनलाई पनि समावेश गरियो।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espnfc.us/argentina/story/2928133/lionel-messi-to-make-argentina-return-after-brief-international-retirement|title=Lionel Messi to make Argentina return after brief international retirement|date=12 August 2016|publisher=ESPN FC|access-date=13 August 2016}}</ref> सेप्टेम्बर १ मा, उनी फिर्ता आएको पहिलो खेलमा, उनले २०१८ विश्व कप छनोटको उरुग्वे सँगको १-० को जितमा भएको खेलमा उनले गोल गरे।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.beinsports.com/en/world-cup-qualifiers/news/messi-strikes-back-as-argentina-sink-uruguay/328680|title=Messi strikes back as Argentina sink Uruguay|date=1 September 2016|publisher=beIN SPORTS|access-date=1 September 2016}}</ref> [[चित्र:ECUADOR_VS_ARGENTINA_(37594548472).jpg|right|thumb|२०१७ अक्टोबर १० मा भएको [[इक्वेडर राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|इक्वेडर]] विरुद्धको खेलमा ह्याट्रिक गरेपछि खुसी मनाउदै मेसी। उनको गोलले अर्जेन्टिना रसियामा आयोजना हुने [[२०१८ फिफा विश्वकप]]मा छनोट भयो।]] २०१७ मार्च २८ मा, मेसीलाई २०१७ मार्च २३ मा चिलीसँगको खेलमा सहायक रेफ्रीलाई अपमान गरेकोमा चार अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय खेलमा निलम्बन गरियो। उनलाई १०,००० CHF पनि जरिवाना लगाइयो।<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/news/y=2017/m=3/news=lionel-messi-suspended-for-four-matches-2877817.html|title=Lionel Messi suspended for four matches|date=28 March 2017|publisher=FIFA}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/39423000|title=Lionel Messi: Barcelona and Argentina forward banned for 'insulting' assistant ref|date=28 March 2017|work=BBC Sport}}</ref> मे ५ मा, अर्जेन्टिना फुटबल सङ्घको अपिलमा उनको चार खेलको निलम्बन र १०,००० CHF को जरिवाना फिफा द्वारा फुकुवा भयो, यसको मतलब अब उनले अर्जेन्टिनाको बाँकी विश्वकप छनोट खेल खेल्न सक्थे।<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.fifa.com/governance/news/y=2017/m=5/news=fifa-appeal-committee-passes-decision-on-lionel-messi-2882666.html|title=FIFA Appeal Committee passes decision on Lionel Messi|last=FIFA.com|date=5 May 2017|access-date=6 June 2017|publisher=FIFA}}</ref> [[२०१८ विश्वकप]]मा अर्जेन्टिनाको स्थान जोखिममा पर्दै थियो। [[दक्षिण अमेरिकी फुटबल सङ्घ]]बाट पाँच राष्ट्र छनोट हुनेमा अर्जेन्टिना छैटौँ स्थानमा थियो, यसको अर्थ १९७० यता अर्जेन्टिना पहिलो पटक विश्वकपमा छनोट हुन असफल हुन्थ्यो। अक्टोबर १० मा, मेसीले आफ्नो देशलाई विश्वकपमा छनोट गराए। [[इक्वेडर राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|इक्वेडर]] विरुद्धको खेलमा उनले ह्याट्रिक गर्दै ३-१ को जित सुनिश्चित गराए। २००१ यता अर्जेन्टिना इक्वेडरको राजधानी क्विटोमा पराजित भएको थिएन।<ref name="Guardian 2017">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2017/oct/11/lionel-messi-hat-trick-secures-argentinas-passage-to-world-cup|title=Lionel Messi hat-trick secures Argentina's passage to World Cup|date=11 October 2017|work=The Guardian}}</ref> मेसीको तीन गोलले उनी [[दक्षिण अमेरिकी फुटबल सङ्घ|दक्षिण अमेरिकी फुटबल]] छनोटमा २१ गोलका साथ [[उरुग्वे]]का [[लुइस स्वारेज]] सँगै सर्वाधिक गोलकर्ता भए। यस अधि यो उपलब्धि [[हेर्नान क्रेस्पो]]को नाममा थियो। <ref name="Guardian 2017" /> === २०१८: विश्वकप === === २०१९-२०: कोपा अमेरिका तेस्रो स्थान, प्रतिबन्ध र सुपरक्लासिको विजय === ===२०२१-२०२२: कोपा अमेरिका र विश्वकप विजय=== {{quote box | width = 25% | align = right | quote="यो मेरो लागि स्पष्ट थियो कि मैले अन्तिम प्रतियोगितासम्म प्रयास गर्नुपर्छ र मैले केही नजिती राष्ट्रिय टोलीबाट म पछि हट्न सक्दिन।" | source = – Messi on winning the 2021 Copa América in an interview with ''Diario Sport''.<ref>{{cite AV media |date=1 November 2021 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OibxiyBMAf8 |title=🤩 ¡ENTREVISTA EXCLUSIVA A LEO MESSI EN PARÍS! |publisher=SPORT |via=[[YouTube]] |access-date=20 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221218145302/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OibxiyBMAf8 |archive-date=18 December 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> }} २०२१ जुन १४ मा, ब्राजिलमा भएको [[२०२१ कोपा अमेरिका|कोपा अमेरिका कप]]को अर्जेन्टिनाको पहिलो खेलमा मेसीले चिली विरुद्ध फ्रिकिक मा १ गोल गरे। उक्त खेल १-१ को बराबरीमा सकियो।<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.marca.com/en/football/copa-america/argentina-vs-chile/cronica/2021/06/15/60c7e18e22601d45348b45ac.html |title=Messi's Argentina thwarted by Chile |work=MARCA |date=14 June 2021 |access-date=15 June 2021}}</ref> २१ जुनमा, मेसीले अर्जेन्टिनाको लागि १४७औँ खेल खेलेर ज्याभियर मास्चेरानोको अर्जेन्टिनाको लागि सर्वाधिक उपस्थितिको रेकर्ड बराबर गरे। पाराग्वे विरुद्धको उक्त खेलमा अर्जेन्टिना १-० ले विजयी भयो।<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lionel Messi sigue haciendo historia: igualó a Mascherano como el jugador con más presencias en la Selección |language=ES |url=https://www.afa.com.ar/es/posts/lionel-messi-sigue-haciendo-historia-igualo-a-mascherano-como-el-jugador-con-mas-presencias-en-la-seleccion |website=afa.com.ar |date=21 June 2021|access-date=22 June 2021}}</ref> एक हप्ता पछि, उनले [[बोलिभिया राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|बोलिभिया]] बिरुद्धको खेलमा उनले अर्जेन्टिनी जर्सीमा सर्वाधिक खेलको रेकर्ड कायम गरे। उक्त खेलमा ४-१ ले जित्यो। उनले २ गोल गरे र एक गोल असिस्ट गरे।<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/argentina-arg/story/4422176/messi-sets-argentina-appearances-mark-in-copa-america-match-vs-bolivia |title=Messi sets Argentina appearances mark in Copa America match vs. Bolivia |work=ESPN |first=Sam |last=Marsden |date=28 June 2021|access-date=29 June 2021}}</ref> ३ जुलाई मा, प्रतियोगिताको क्वाटरफाइनलमा इक्वेडर माथिको ३-० को जितमा उनले ३ असिस्ट गरे र एक फ्रिकिक गोल गरे।.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cbssports.com/soccer/news/argentina-vs-ecuador-score-sensational-messi-leads-albiceleste-into-copa-america-semifinals/live/ |title=Argentina vs. Ecuador score: Sensational Messi leads Albiceleste into Copa America semifinals |work=CBSSports.com |date=3 July 2021 |access-date=4 July 2021}}</ref> ६ जुलाईमा, सेमिफाइनलमा कोलम्बिया बिरुद्ध १-१ को बराबरीमा मेसीले एक असिस्ट गरे। पेनाल्टी सुट आउटमा उनले गोल गरे र अर्जेन्टिना ३-२ ले विजयी भयो। उनी आफ्नो अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय करियरको पाँचौ फाइनलमा पुगे।<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/report?gameId=603184 |title=Argentina vs. Colombia – Football Match Report – July 6, 2021 – ESPN |work=ESPN.com |date=6 July 2021 |access-date=7 July 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thescore.com/esp_fed/news/2186119 |title=Messi driving Argentina at Copa America |publisher=theScore.com |date=6 July 2021 |access-date=7 July 2021}}</ref> जुलाई १० मा, अर्जेन्टिनाले आयोजक ब्राजिललाई फाइनलमा १-० ले पराजित गरेर मेसीले आफ्नो पहिलो र अर्जेन्टिनाले १९९३ यता पहिलो प्रमुख अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय उपाधी जित्यो। यसको साथै उनको देशले १५औँ उपाधिको उरुग्वेसँग कीर्तिमान बराबर गर्यो।<ref name="Copa América final">{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/live/2021/jul/10/argentina-v-brazil-copa-america-final-live |title=Argentina 1-0 Brazil: Copa América final – live! |work=The Guardian |last=Graham |first=Bryan Armen |date=11 July 2021 |access-date=11 July 2021}}</ref> अर्जेन्टिनाले गरेको १२ गोलमा ९ गोल (४ गोल र ५ असिस्ट) मा उनको सहभागिता थियो। उनी प्रतियोगिताको सर्वोत्कृष्ट खेलाडी घोषित भए। उनले यो सम्मान नेयमार सँगै साझा गरे। उनी कोलम्बियाका लुइस डियाज सँगै ४ गोल सहित सर्वाधिक गोलकर्ता बने। उनको असिस्ट धेरै भएकाले मेसीलाई गोल्डेन बुट अवार्ड दिइयो।<ref>{{Cite web |title=Leo Messi named player of tournament in Copa América |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/football/first-team/news/2187432/leo-messi-named-player-of-tournament-in-copa-america |access-date=11 July 2021 |work=FC Barcelona}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Lionel Messi wins 2021 Copa America Golden Boot |url=https://www.goal.com/en-in/news/who-is-leading-the-race-for-copa-americas-golden-boot/1unofbxrqy1bm10fsnoy5cyvi6 |access-date=11 July 2021 |work=Goal}}</ref> [[चित्र:Lionel Messi WC2022.jpg|thumb|left|Messi at the 2022 FIFA World Cup]] २०२२ विश्वकप छनोट अन्तर्गत, सेप्टेम्बर ९ मा, मेसीले बोलिभिया बिरुद्धको ३-० को विजयमा उनले ह्याट्रिक गरे सर्वाधिक गोल गर्ने दक्षिण अमेरिकी खेलाडीमा ७९ गोल गरेका पेलेलाई उछिने।<ref>{{Cite web |title=Argentina's Lionel Messi breaks Brazil legend Pele's South American men's goals record |url=https://www.espn.co.uk/football/argentina-arg/story/4427665/argentinas-lionel-messi-breaks-brazil-legend-peles-south-american-mens-goals-record |work=ESPN |date=10 September 2021|access-date=10 September 2021}}</ref> २ जुन २०२२ मा इंल्यान्डको वेम्बेलीमा भएको २०२२ फिनालेसिम्मा, युएफा युरो कप- कोपा अमेरिका कप च्याम्पियनको तेस्रो संस्करण, मा इटाली बिरुद्धको ३-० को विजयमा मेसीले २ असिस्ट गरे र म्यान अफ द म्याच भए, र उनले सिनियर टोलीमा अर्जेन्टिनाको लागि दोस्रो उपाधी जिते।<ref>{{Cite web |last=UEFA.com |date=1 June 2022 |title=Argentina's Lionel Messi named official Finalissima Player of the Match |url=https://www.uefa.com/finalissima/news/0276-1549531afce1-16d40688390d-1000--player-of-the-match-messi/ |access-date=2 June 2022 |website=UEFA.com}}</ref> ६ जुन मा भएको इस्टोनिया बिरुद्धको मैत्रीपूर्ण खेलको ५-० को जितमा मेसीले २ गोल गरे र अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय फुटबलको पुरुष तर्फको सर्वाधिक गोलकर्तामा फेरेन्क पुस्कासलाई उछिने।<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 June 2022 |title=Lionel Messi scores all five Argentina goals in friendly to overhaul Puskás |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2022/jun/06/lionel-messi-scores-all-five-argentina-goals-in-friendly-to-overhaul-puskas |access-date=6 June 2022 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> कतारमा भएको [[२०२२ फिफा विश्वकप]]मा, अर्जेन्टिनाको पहिलो खेलमा साउदी विरुद्ध उनले पेनाल्टीमा गोल गरे। त्तो ख्लेमा [[साउदी अरब राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|साउदी अरब]] २-१ ले विजयी भयो। [[मेक्सिको राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|मेक्सिको]] बिरुद्धको २-० ले विजयी भएको अर्को खेलमा उनले २० यार्ड परबाट होचो प्रहार गरेर गोल गरे र इन्जो फर्नान्डेजलाई गोलको लागि असिस्ट गरे।<ref>{{cite news |title=How Argentina and Messi stayed alive with a 2-0 win over Mexico |url=https://theathletic.com/live-blogs/mexico-argentina-world-cup-match-live/5wa7Cfxxwt1s/ |date=26 November 2022 |access-date=3 December 2022 |work=The Atheltic}}</ref> अन्तिम १६ को अष्ट्रेलिया विरुद्धको २-१ को जितमा मेसीले सुरुवाती गोल गरे। यो उनको सिनियर करिअरमा १०००औँ उपस्थिति थियो ,<ref>{{cite news |title=Messi scored in 1,000th game as Argentina progress |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/63765129 |access-date=3 December 2022 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> र उनी सबैभन्दा धेरै खेल खेल्ने दक्षिण अमेरिकी पुरुष खेलाडी भए, जुन रेकर्ड यसभन्दा अघि इक्वेडरका इभान हर्टाडो (Iván Hurtado) को नाममा थियो।<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.sportsmole.co.uk/football/argentina/world-cup-2022/news/messi-breaks-two-maradona-records-in-argentinas-win-over-australia_501212.html |title=Lionel Messi breaks two Diego Maradona records in Argentina's win over Australia |website=SportsMole.co.UK |publisher=Sports Mole |access-date=4 December 2022 |date=3 December 2022 |archive-date=4 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221204140157/https://www.sportsmole.co.uk/football/argentina/world-cup-2022/news/messi-breaks-two-maradona-records-in-argentinas-win-over-australia_501212.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.terra.com.br/esportes/mil-jogos-e-recordes-messi-chega-a-novas-marcas-contra-a-australia,84099d8f9c138efa894b3f833d7a75092edg4dg7.html |title=Mil jogos e recordes: Messi chega a novas marcas contra a Austrália |trans-title=A thousand games and records: Messi reaches new milestones against Australia |website=Terra.com.br |publisher=Terra |access-date=4 December 2022 |date=3 December 2022 |language=pt-br |archive-date=4 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221204141315/https://www.terra.com.br/esportes/mil-jogos-e-recordes-messi-chega-a-novas-marcas-contra-a-australia,84099d8f9c138efa894b3f833d7a75092edg4dg7.html |url-status=live}}</ref> नेदरल्यान्डस विरुद्धको क्वाटरफाइनलको खेलमा, मेसीले अर्जेन्टिनाको पहिलो गोलमा नहुएल मोलिनालाई असिस्ट गरे र पेनाल्टीमा गोल गरे। खेल २-२ को बराबरीमा सकियो। [[पेनाल्टी-सुटआउट|पेनाल्टी सुट-आउटमा]] अर्जेन्टिनाको पहिलो पेनाल्टी प्रहारमा मेसीले गोल गरे। अर्जेन्टिना ४-३ ले विजयी भयो।<ref>{{cite news |last=Murphy |first=Phil |date=9 December 2022 |title=Messi's World Cup dream lives on with Argentina win |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/63830319 |access-date=9 December 2022 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> [[क्रोएसिया राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|क्रोयसिया]] विरुद्धको सेमिफाइनलमा, जर्मनीका लोथार म्याथ्युजको नाममा रहेको विश्वकपमा सर्वाधिक २५ उपस्थितिसँग बराबरी गरे। अर्जेन्टिना ३-० ले विजयी भएक खेलमा, उनले पेनाल्टीमा पहिलो गोल गरे र तेस्रो गोलमा [[जुलियन अल्भारेज]]लाई असिस्ट गरे;<ref>{{cite news |title=Inspired Lionel Messi takes Argentina past Croatia and into World Cup final |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2022/dec/13/argentina-croatia-world-cup-semi-final-match-report |last=Hytner |first=David |date=13 December 2022 |access-date=13 December 2022 |work=The Guardian}}</ref> मेसीले गरेको गोल विश्वकपमा उनको ११औँ गोल थियो र उनले विश्वकपमा सर्वाधिक गोलकर्तामा बाटिस्टुटालाई उछिने।<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/articles/world-cup-2022-qatar-batistuta-messi-argentina |title=Batistuta on Messi's record: He deserves this |publisher=FIFA.com |access-date=22 December 2022 }}</ref> अर्जेन्टिना फाइनलमा पुग्यो जहाँ उनको भेट फ्रान्स सँग हुँदै थियो। मेसीले यो उनको अन्तिम विश्वकप उपस्थिति उनले बताएका थिए।<ref>{{cite news |title=Lionel Messi confirms final will be last World Cup game ever as Argentina overpowers Croatia 3-0 |url=https://www.cnn.com/2022/12/13/football/argentina-croatia-lionel-messi-qatar-world-cup-spt-intl/index.html |last=Grez |first=Matias |date=14 December 2022|access-date=15 December 2022 |website=[[CNN]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Kay |first=Oliver |date=15 December 2022 |title=Lionel Messi winning World Cup would define him but he's already among the greatest of all |website=[[The Athletic]] |url=https://theathletic.com/4001739/2022/12/15/lionel-messi-world-cup-greatness/ |url-access=subscription |access-date=15 December 2022}}</ref> १८ डिसेम्बरमा [[२०२२ फिफा विश्वकप फाइनल|२०२२ फिफा विश्वकप फाइनलमा]], लुसेल रङ्गशालामा मेसीले आफ्नो २६औँ विश्वकप उपस्थितिको कीर्तिमान बनाए। मेसीले पेनाल्टीमा अर्जेन्टिनाको पहिलो गोल गरे, र एउटै विश्वकप संस्करणमा समूहचरण, अन्तोम १६, क्वाटरफाइनल, सेमिफाइनल र फाइनलमा गोल गर्ने पहिलो खेलाडी बने।<ref name=BCC221218>{{cite news |title=World Cup final: Lionel Messi named best player as Kylian Mbappe wins Golden Boot |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/64019023 |access-date=18 December 2022 |work=BBC Sport |date=18 December 2022}}</ref> अर्जेन्टिनाको दुई गोलको अग्रता फ्रेन्च फरवार्ड [[किलियन एम्बाप्पे|केलियन एम्बाप्पे]], जसले २ मिनेट भित्र २ गोल गरे, ले मेटाए। अतिरिक्त समयमा मेसीले गोल गरेर फेरि अर्जेन्टिनाको अग्रता बनाए। पुनः एम्बाप्पेले गोल गरि [[फ्रान्स राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|फ्रान्सलैइ]] बराबरीमा ल्याए। अतिरिक्त समयमा खेल ३-३ को बराबरीमा सकियो र खेल पेनाल्टी सुट-आउटमा पुग्यो। सुट-आउटमा अर्जेन्टिनाको पहिलो प्रहारमा मेसीले गोल गरे, आखिरीमा अर्जेन्टिनाले खेल ४-२ ले जित्यो र राष्ट्रको ३६ वर्ष लामो विश्वकप ट्रफीको प्रतीक्षा सकियो।<ref>{{cite news |last=Church |first=Ben |date=18 December 2022 |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2022/12/18/football/argentina-france-world-cup-final-qatar-2022-spt-intl/index.html |title=Lionel Messi-inspired Argentina wins World Cup after beating France in sensational final |publisher=[[सिएनएन]]|access-date=18 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221218185037/https://edition.cnn.com/2022/12/18/football/argentina-france-world-cup-final-qatar-2022-spt-intl/index.html|archive-date=18 December 2022|url-status=live}}</ref> मेसीले प्रतियोगिताको सर्वोत्कृष्ट खेलाडी भएर गोल्डेन बल जिते, उनी गोल्डेन बल दुईपटक जित्ने पहिले खेलाडी बने। गोल्डेन बुटको दौडमा उनी सात गोल सहित दोस्रो भए, एम्बाप्पेले ८ गोल सहित गोल्डेन बुट जिते।<ref name=BCC221218/> फाइनलमा उनको उपस्थिती र दुई गोल संगै, मेसीले विश्वकपमा सर्वाधिक उपस्थितिमा लओथार म्याथ्युजलाई उछिने (मेसीको २६ उपस्थिति) र गोल योगदानमा पेलेलाई उछिने (२१-१३ गोल र ८ असिस्ट)।<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.espn.in/football/blog-espn-fc-united/story/4834907/2022-world-cup-final-stats-messi-mbappe-argentina-france |title=2022 World Cup stats: Messi joins Maradona, overtakes Ronaldo; Mbappe's record 4 |publisher=ESPN |date=19 December 2022 |access-date=22 December 2022 }}</ref> यो फाइनल खेल अहिलेसम्मको उत्कृष्ट खेलको रुपमा प्रसंशित भयो र यो खेललाई मिडियाले भारी रुपमा मेसी र एम्बाप्पेको प्रतिद्वन्दको रुपमा प्रस्तुत गरेका थिए।<ref>{{cite news |last=Shearer |first=Alan |date=19 December 2022 |title=Lionel Messi and Kylian Mbappe: Thank you for that beautiful madness |website=[[The Athletic]] |url=https://theathletic.com/4015186/2022/12/19/lionel-messi-kylian-mbappe-world-cup-final-shearer-column/ |url-access=subscription |access-date=21 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Gay |first=Jason |date=18 December 2022 |title=Messi, Mbappé, and a World Cup Masterpiece |newspaper=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/messi-mbappe-world-cup-final-argentina-france-11671392972 |access-date=21 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Arthur |first=Bruce |date=18 December 2022 |title=It was Messi. It was Mbappé. Argentina’s World Cup win over France was magnificent |newspaper=[[The Toronto Star]] |url=https://www.thestar.com/sports/worldcup/opinion/2022/12/18/it-was-messi-it-was-mbapp-argentinas-world-cup-win-over-france-was-magnificent.html |access-date=21 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Grez |first=Matias |date=19 December 2022 |title=Lionel Messi cements his place among the greats after winning epic duel against Kylian Mbappé |website=CNN |url=https://www.cnn.com/2022/12/18/football/lionel-messi-kylian-mbappe-greatest-world-cup-final-spt-intl/index.html |access-date=21 December 2022}}</ref> यो खेलपछि, मेसीले "म च्याम्पियनको रुपमा अझै खेल्न चाहन्छु" बताउँदै राष्ट्रिय टोलीबाट संन्यास लिनेबारे कुनै योजना नभएको स्पष्ट बनाए।<ref>{{cite news |last=Brown |first=Luke |date=18 December 2022 |title=Lionel Messi to continue playing for Argentina after World Cup final victory |website=The Athletic |url=https://theathletic.com/4014345/2022/12/18/messi-argentina-retirement-plans/ |url-access=subscription |access-date=21 December 2022}}</ref> === २०२३–वर्तमान: पछिल्ला वर्षहरू === [[चित्र:Selección_Argentina_Amistoso_marzo_2023_en_Santiago_Del_Estero_Estero_01.jpg|दायाँ|अङ्गुठाकार|आफ्नो देशमा मैत्रीपूर्ण खेलको क्रममा अर्जेन्टिनाको राष्ट्रिय टोलीले विश्वकप जितको उत्सव मनाउँदै]] विश्वकप जितको तीन महिना पछि, मेस्सी र राष्ट्रिय टोली अर्जेन्टिनामा दुई मैत्रीपूर्ण खेलको लागि मैदानमा फर्किए।<ref name="Curacao">{{cite web |last=Borg |first=Simon |date=28 March 2023 |title=Argentina vs Curacao score, result, highlights, as Lionel Messi scores hat trick in 7-0 win |url=https://www.sportingnews.com/in/football/news/argentina-vs-curacao-live-score-result-highlights-friendly/y3pqsbulgh1kl3p2rmute5eq |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230610041912/https://www.sportingnews.com/in/football/news/argentina-vs-curacao-live-score-result-highlights-friendly/y3pqsbulgh1kl3p2rmute5eq |archive-date=10 June 2023 |access-date=13 November 2024 |publisher=[[The Sporting News]]}}</ref> मेस्सीले पहिलो खेलमा पानामा विरुद्ध क्लब र देशको लागि आफ्नो ८०० औं करियर गोल गरे।<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web |first=Francesco|last=Porzio|url=https://www.cbssports.com/soccer/news/lionel-messi-scores-800th-career-goal-argentina-celebrates-the-2022-world-cup-in-front-of-home-fans/ |title=Lionel Messi scores 800th career goal: Argentina celebrates the 2022 World Cup in front of home fans |work=CBS Sports |date=23 March 2023 |access-date=27 March 2023}}</ref> खेल पछि, मेस्सीले भाषण दिए, विश्वकप ट्रफी उठाए र आतिशबाजी सुरु हुँदा रंगशाला वरिपरि विजयी चक्कर लगाए।<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|news |last1=Rey |first1=Débora |last2=Politi |first2=Daniel |url=https://apnews.com/article/messi-argentina-world-cup-panama-b143edb1adcb11bae0b7829f9c66404e |title=Messi mania grips Argentina in 1st match as World Cup champs |publisher=[[Associated Press]] |date=23 March 2023 |access-date=10 October 2024}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite|news |url=https://apnews.com/article/argentina-panama-soccer-world-cup-messi-d8b2f3e9cd977f41922f7e53721c1075 |title=Argentina beats Panama in 1st match after World Cup title |publisher=[[Associated Press]] |date=23 March 2023 |access-date=2 February 2025}}</ref> २८ मार्चमा कुराकाओ विरुद्धको दोस्रो मैत्रीपूर्ण खेलमा, मेस्सीको टोलीको ७-० को जितमा ह्याट्रिकले उनलाई १०० अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय गोल गर्ने पहिलो दक्षिण अमेरिकी खेलाडी र कोसेढुङ्गामा पुग्ने समग्रमा तेस्रो खेलाडी बनायो।<ref name="Curacao" /><ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web |url=https://www.foxsports.com/stories/soccer/lionel-messi-makes-history-with-100th-goal-for-argentina |title=Lionel Messi makes history with 100th goal for Argentina |work=FOX Sports |date=28 March 2023 |access-date=30 March 2023}}</ref>अर्जेन्टिनाको २०२६ को विश्वकप छनोट अभियानको क्रममा, मेस्सी ३१ गोलका साथ दक्षिण अमेरिकी विश्वकप छनोटमा सबै समयका शीर्ष गोलकर्ता बने।<ref>{{Cite web |date=October 18, 2023 |title=Lionel Messi becomes Conmebol WC qualifiers all-time leading scorer |url=https://www.marca.com/en/football/2023/10/18/652f5288268e3e8b258b45ad.html |access-date=July 13, 2024 |website=Marca}}</ref> ==== २०२४ कोपा अमेरिका ==== {{see also|२०२४ कोपा अमेरिका}} जुन २१ मा, मेस्सीले २०२४ कोपा अमेरिकाको उद्घाटन खेलमा ३५ खेल खेले र सबैभन्दा धेरै कोपा अमेरिका खेल खेल्ने खेलाडी बने।{{efn|Attributed to multiple references:<ref>{{cite web |last1=Becherano |first1=Lizzy |title=Messi, Di María headline Argentina Copa squad |url=https://www.espn.com.au/football/story/_/id/40355987/lionel-messi-di-maria-headline-argentina-squad |website=ESPN |access-date=19 June 2024 |date=15 June 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/article/2024/jun/20/lionel-messi-pulls-strings-as-argentina-tame-canada-in-copa-america-opener |title=Messi breaks another record at CONMEBOL Copa América™ |work=CONMEBOL Copa América™ |date=June 20, 2024 |access-date=September 3, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://copaamerica.com/en/news/lionel-messi-breaks-record-copa-america |title=Lionel Messi pulls strings as Argentina tame Canada in Copa América opener |work=The Guardian |date=21 June 2024 |access-date=24 June 2024}}</ref>}} जुलाई ९ मा क्यानडा विरुद्धको सेमिफाइनलमा, मेस्सीले अर्जेन्टिनाको २-० को जितमा दोस्रो गोल गरे, जसले गर्दा उनी १०९ गोलका साथ इतिहासमा दोस्रो [[सर्वाधिक अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय गोल भएका पुरुष फुटबलरहरूको सूची|सर्वाधिक अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय गोलकर्ता]] बने।<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/live-blogs/argentina-canada-live-updates-2024-copa-america-lionel-messi-score-result/yRrle4paHuhm/BeNQ1qaCPjJZ/|title=Messi passes Ali Daei|date=10 July 2024|work=The Athletic|access-date=10 July 2024}}</ref> कोलम्बिया विरुद्धको फाइनलमा मेस्सीको लिगामेन्टमा गम्भीर चोट लागेको थियो, तर अर्जेन्टिनाले अझै पनि प्रतियोगिता जित्न सफल भयो। यो जितले मेस्सीको टोली ट्रफीको कुल संख्या ४४ पुर्‍यायो, जसले गर्दा उनी सबै समयका सबैभन्दा धेरै सजिएका खेलाडी बने।{{efn|Attributed to multiple references:<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|web |last=Thames |first=Alanis |title=Argentina wins record 16th Copa America title, beats Colombia 1-0 after Messi gets hurt |url=https://apnews.com/article/copa-america-argentina-colombia-score-messi-6753475603a48683a3c4971e451e8263 |publisher=[[Associated Press]] |date=14 July 2024 |access-date=10 September 2024}}</ref><ref name="LigamentInjury">{{cite web |title=Lionel Messi out indefinitely with ankle ligament injury |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/story/_/id/40575229/lionel-messi-miss-two-miami-games-ankle-injury |website=ESPN |access-date=16 July 2024 |date=19 August 2024}}</ref><ref name="injurytears">{{Cite web |date=July 15, 2024 |title=Argentina win Copa final as Messi exits in tears |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/story/_/id/40564886/lionel-messi-argentina-injury-tears-copa-america-final |access-date=July 15, 2024 |website=ESPN.com}}</ref><ref name="FirstMiami" /><ref name="mosttrophies" />}} पछि उनलाई प्रतियोगिताको टोलीमा नाम दिइएको थियो।<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-08-01 |title=Messi named in Copa Team of the Tournament |url=https://www.espn.co.uk/football/story/_/id/40696626/lionel-messi-named-copa-america-team-tournament |access-date=2025-03-11 |website=ESPN.com}}</ref> === २०२६ फिफा विश्वकप छनोट === २०२४ कोपा अमेरिकाको समयमा चोटबाट निको भएपछि, मेस्सीले २०२६ फिफा विश्वकपको लागि धेरै छनोट खेलहरू खेले।<ref>{{Cite web |last=Olé |first=Diario Deportivo |date=2024-10-02 |title=Selección: la lista para las Eliminatorias, con la vuelta de Messi y la baja del Dibu Martínez |url=https://www.ole.com.ar/seleccion/seleccion-lista-enfrentar-venezuela-bolivia-vuelta-messi-baja-dibu-martinez_0_AiKrXOU4iP.html |access-date=2024-10-04 |website=Olé |language=es-AR}}</ref> १५ अक्टोबर २०२४ मा, उनले बोलिभियामाथि ६-० को जित हासिल गर्दै आफ्नो १० औं अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय ह्याट्रिक गरे, जसले क्रिस्टियानो रोनाल्डोले बनाएको कीर्तिमान बराबरी गर्यो।<ref>{{cite web |date=16 October 2024 |title=Messi hits hat-trick as Argentina hammer Bolivia 6-0 |url=https://www.reuters.com/sports/soccer/messi-hat-trick-leads-argentina-6-0-win-over-bolivia-2024-10-16/ |publisher=Reuters}}</ref> मार्च २०२५ मा, अर्जेन्टिनाले विश्वकपमा स्थान सुरक्षित गर्यो।<ref>{{cite web |last=Associated Press |date=30 March 2025 |title=Lionel Messi at 2026 World Cup? Leave him alone, says Scaloni |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/story/_/id/44421368/lionel-messi-2026-world-cup-argentina-lionel-scaloni |access-date=30 March 2025 |website=[[ESPN]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=25 March 2025 |title=World Cup 2026: Argentina qualify ahead of Brazil showdown |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/story/_/id/44405982/world-cup-2026-argentina-qualify-brazil |access-date=25 March 2025 |website=[[ESPN]]}}</ref> सेप्टेम्बर ४ मा, मेस्सीले अर्जेन्टिनामा राष्ट्रिय टोलीको लागि आफ्नो अन्तिम विश्वकप छनोट खेल खेले, र उनी २०२६ को विश्वकपमा भाग लिनेछन् कि छैनन् भनेर पुष्टि गरेनन्।{{efn|Attributed to multiple references:<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.reuters.com/sports/soccer/messi-scores-twice-argentina-beat-venezuela-3-0-his-final-home-world-cup-2025-09-05/ |title=Messi scores twice as Argentina beats Venezuela 3-0 in his final home World Cup qualifier |website=[[Reuters]] |date=4 September 2025 |access-date=4 September 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Pardo |first=Daniel Villar |url=https://bolavip.com/en/soccer/conmebol-2026-world-cup-qualifiers-top-scorers-who-finished-atop-the-scoring-charts |title=Conmebol 2026 World Cup Qualifiers top scorers: Who finished atop the scoring charts? |website=bolavip.com |date=9 September 2025 |access-date=9 September 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=9 September 2025 |title=Top goalscorers in World Cup qualifying history |url=https://www.fifa.com/en/tournaments/mens/worldcup/articles/top-goalscorers-qualifying-history |access-date=9 September 2025 |website=[[FIFA]] |archive-date=9 September 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250909232032/https://www.fifa.com/en/tournaments/mens/worldcup/articles/top-goalscorers-qualifying-history |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Becherano |first=Lizzy |date=8 September 2025 |title=Messi will 'take his time' on '26 World Cup decision - Scaloni |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/story/_/id/46198079/messi-take-26-world-cup-decision-scaloni |access-date=9 September 2025 |website=[[ESPN]]}}</ref>}} अक्टोबर १४ मा प्योर्टो रिको विरुद्धको ६-० को मैत्रीपूर्ण जितमा, मेस्सीका दुई असिस्टले उनको कुल अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय असिस्ट ६० मा पुर्‍याए, जसले गर्दा उनी [[नेयमार|नेमार]]को ५९ असिस्टलाई उछिन्दै पुरुष अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय फुटबल इतिहासमा शीर्ष असिस्ट-प्रदायक बने।<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-10-15 |title=Argentina's Lionel Messi becomes all-time international assists leader, surpassing Brazil's Neymar and USMNT's Landon Donovan {{!}} Goal.com UK |url=https://www.goal.com/en-gb/lists/argentina-s-lionel-messi-becomes-all-time-international-assists-leader-surpassing-brazil-s-neymar-and-usmnt-s-landon-donovan/blt73c53ddfe7b9c911 |access-date=2025-10-15 |website=www.goal.com}}</ref> ==== २०२६ फिफा विश्वकप ==== {{see also|२०२६ फिफा विश्वकप}} २८ मे २०२६ मा, मेस्सीलाई २०२६ फिफा विश्वकपको लागि २६ सदस्यीय टोलीमा नाम दिइएको थियो।<ref name="SixthWorldCup">{{cite web |last=Becherano |first=Lizzy |date=28 May 2026 |title=Lionel Messi to lead Argentina at record 6th World Cup |url=https://www.espn.co.uk/football/story/_/id/48904313/lionel-messi-argentina-2026-world-cup-squad |publisher=ESPN}}</ref> केही दिन अघि, उनले आफ्नो बायाँ ह्यामस्ट्रिङमा मांसपेशी समस्याअ अनुभव गरेका थिए, जसले गर्दा प्रतियोगिताको लागि उनको फिटनेसको बारेमा चिन्ता बढेको थियो।<ref name="Philly-Injury" /> उनी होन्डुरस विरुद्धको प्रि-टूर्नामेंट मैत्रीपूर्ण खेलमा बेन्चमा बसे, तर पक्ची मैदानमा आए र आइसल्याण्ड विरुद्धको मैत्रीपूर्ण खेलमा पेनाल्टी किक गरे।<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gomez |first=Luis Miguel Echegaray |date=May 29, 2026 |title=Lionel Messi's drive to defend Argentina's World Cup title remains strong |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/story/_/id/48998220/lionel-messi-feature-argentina-world-cup-nico-paz-back-training |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260529140617/https://www.espn.com/soccer/story/_/id/48998220/lionel-messi-feature-argentina-world-cup-nico-paz-back-training |archive-date=May 29, 2026 |access-date=June 9, 2026 |website=[[ESPN FC]] |publisher=[[ESPN Inc.]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=June 8, 2026 |title=Argentina wins as Messi scores in cameo in front of 88K in Alabama |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/report/_/gameId/401867950 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260609002144/https://www.espn.com/soccer/report/_/gameId/401867950 |archive-date=June 9, 2026 |access-date=June 9, 2026 |website=[[ESPN FC]] |publisher=[[ESPN Inc.]]}}</ref> प्रतियोगिताको पहिलो खेलमा, अर्जेन्टिनाले अल्जेरियालाई ३-० ले पराजित गर्दा मेस्सीले आफ्नो पहिलो विश्वकप ह्याट्रिक हासिल गरे। उनी ११ ह्याट्रिक सहित सबैभन्दा धेरै अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय ह्याट्रिक गर्ने खेलाडी बने।<ref>{{cite web |date=17 June 2026 |title=Argentina’s Messi equals World Cup goalscoring record with hat-trick in defeat of Algeria |url=https://www.france24.com/en/sport/20260617-argentina-messi-opens-record-sixth-world-cup-with-hat-trick-victory-against-algeria |publisher=France 24}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=17 June 2026 |title=FIFA World Cup 2026 stats: Messi's 38 breaks Ronaldo's record; Mbappe's 58 sets France record, Haaland's 2 first for Norway |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/story/_/id/49083873/fifa-world-cup-2026-stats-lionel-messi-38-breaks-cristiano-ronaldo-record-kylian-mbappe-58-sets-france-erling-haaland-2-first-norway |publisher=ESPN}}</ref> यो खेल उनको २०० औं अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय उपस्थिति थियो, र उनी छ विश्वकप खेल्ने पहिलो पुरुष खेलाडी र पाँच विश्वकपमा गोल गर्ने दोस्रो खेलाडी बने।<ref>{{cite web |date=16 June 2026 |title=Lionel Messi becomes 1st man to play at 6 World Cups |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/story/_/id/49013816/lionel-messi-play-6-world-cups-argentina-record-cristiano-ronaldo |publisher=ESPN}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Lionel Messi Ties All-Time World Cup Scoring Record with Hat Trick Against Algeria |url=https://www.foxsports.com/stories/soccer/lionel-messi-matches-cristiano-ronaldos-rare-five-world-cup-scoring-record |access-date=2026-06-17 |website=Fox Sports |language=en-US}}</ref> ३८ वर्ष ३५७ दिनको उमेरमा, उनी विश्वकप ह्याट्रिक गर्ने सबैभन्दा जेठो खेलाडी पनि बने।<ref>{{cite web |last=Milano |first=Bruno |date=16 June 2026 |title=Lionel Messi breaks Cristiano Ronaldo’s record for the oldest player with a World Cup hat-trick |url=https://bolavip.com/en/world-cup/lionel-messi-breaks-cristiano-ronaldos-record-for-the-oldest-player-with-a-world-cup-hat-trick |publisher=bolavip.com}}</ref> २२ जुनमा, मेस्सीले अस्ट्रियामाथि २-० को जितमा अर्जेन्टिनाका दुवै गोल गरे, [[मिरोस्लाभ क्लोज|मिरोस्लाभ क्लोस]]लाई पछि पार्दै १८ गोलका साथ विश्वकपमा सर्वाधिक गोल गर्ने खेलाडी बने।<ref>{{cite web |last=Emons |first=Michael |date=22 June 2026 |title=Argentina 2–0 Austria |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/live/cze914jw558t |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> उनी म्यान अफ द म्याच भए र जस्ट फन्टेन र जैरजिन्हो पछि लगातार छ विश्वकप खेलमा गोल गर्ने तेस्रो खेलाडी बने।<ref>{{cite web |date=22 June 2026 |title=Messi enters record books as Argentina reach knockouts |url=https://www.fifa.com/en/tournaments/mens/worldcup/canadamexicousa2026/articles/argentina-austria-match-report-highlights |publisher=FIFA}}</ref> यो जित उनको १८ औं विश्वकप खेल जित थियो, जसले क्लोसको विश्वकप खेल जित्ने रेकर्डलाई उछिनेको थियो।<ref>{{cite web |date=22 June 2026 |title=Players with most World Cup victories |url=https://www.fifa.com/en/tournaments/mens/worldcup/articles/players-most-wins-victories |publisher=FIFA}}</ref> जुन २७ मा, मेस्सीले लगातार सातौं विश्वकप खेलमा गोल गरे जब अर्जेन्टिनाले जोर्डनलाई ३-१ ले पराजित गर्यो।<ref>{{cite web |last=Becherano |first=Lizzy |date=27 June 2026 |title=Lionel Messi scores again to seal perfect group stage for Argentina |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/story/_/id/49203555/lionel-messi-scores-again-seal-perfect-group-stage-argentina |publisher=ESPN}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/sports/soccer/messi-becomes-first-score-7-straight-world-cup-games-goals-rord-rcna352089|title=Messi becomes first to score in 7 straight World Cup games while extending goals record|date=28 June 2026|work=NBC News|access-date=28 June 2026|archive-date=}}</ref> केप भर्डे विरुद्धको अन्तिम ३२ मा, मेस्सीले लगातार आठौं खेलमा अतिरिक्त समय पछि ३-२ को जितमा गोल गरे, जसले गर्दा उनको विश्वकप करियरको संख्या २० गोल र ३० खेलमा २० जित पुगेको छ।<ref>{{cite web |date=4 July 2026 |title=Argentina 3-2 Cape Verde (aet) Stats: More Messi History as Scaloni’s Men Survive World Cup Classic |url=https://theanalyst.com/articles/argentina-vs-cape-verde-stats-world-cup-2026 |publisher=Opta Analyst}}</ref> उनी ३९ वर्ष ९ दिनमा नकआउट चरणमा गोल गर्ने सबैभन्दा जेठो दक्षिण अमेरिकी खेलाडी बने, र म्यान अफ द म्याच घोषित भए।<ref>{{cite web |date=4 July 2026 |title=Argentina survive Cabo Verde scare to book Egypt date |url=https://www.fifa.com/en/tournaments/mens/worldcup/canadamexicousa2026/articles/matchday-23-round-up-review-highlights |publisher=FIFA}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Davey |first=Lee |date=4 July 2026 |title=Lionel Messi decision slammed as Cape Verde left unrecognised for World Cup heroics |url=https://talksport.com/football/world-cup/4390079/lionel-messi-man-of-the-match-cape-verde/ |publisher=talkSPORT}}</ref> उनी ग्योर्गी सारोसी र भाभा पछि लगातार पाँच विश्वकप नकआउट खेलहरूमा गोल गर्ने तेस्रो खेलाडी पनि बने।<ref>{{cite web |last=Sagar |first=Sunaadh |date=4 July 2026 |title=FIFA World Cup 2026 stats: Messi goes past Pele and Mbappe with record 12; Lisandro first-ever for Argentina; Vozinha 8 |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/story/_/id/49262035/fifa-world-cup-2026-stats-lionel-messi-goes-pele-kylian-mbappe-record-12-lisandro-martinez-first-ever-argentina |publisher=ESPN}}</ref> इजिप्ट विरुद्धको अन्तिम १६ को खेलामाअ, अर्जेन्टिनाले २-० ले पछिपरेको स्थितिबाट ३-२ को पुनरागमन जितमा गोल गरे र असिस्ट प्रदान गरेपछि मेस्सीलाई म्यान अफ द म्याच घोषित गरियो।<ref>{{cite web |date=7 July 2026 |title=Argentina fightback stuns Egypt |url=https://www.fifa.com/en/tournaments/mens/worldcup/canadamexicousa2026/articles/argentina-egypt-match-report-highlights |publisher=FIFA}}</ref> उनी लगातार छ विश्वकप नकआउट खेलहरूमा गोल गर्ने पहिलो खेलाडी बने, जबकि असिस्ट उनको विश्वकप करियरको नवौं थियो, जसले फ्रिट्ज वाल्टरको विश्वकप असिस्टको रेकर्ड बराबरी गर्यो।{{efn|Attributed to multiple references:<ref>{{cite web |last=Howarth |first=Matthew |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/live/cdr4m2122lgt |title=Argentina 3–2 Egypt |publisher=BBC Sport |date=7 July 2026 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.foxsports.com/stories/soccer/lionel-messi-breaks-world-cup-all-time-assists-record-comeback-win-vs-egypt |title=Lionel Messi Breaks World Cup All-Time Assists Record In Comeback Win vs. Egypt |publisher=FOX Sports |date=7 July 2026 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Chopping |first=Ben |url=https://news.williamhill.com/football/world-cup/most-assists-and-assist-records/ |title=World Cup Assists Record: All-time List Of Assists At World Cup |publisher=William Hill News |date=June 2026 }}</ref>}} उनले १९३० मा एकै विश्वकपमा अर्जेन्टिनाले आठ गोल गर्ने गुइलेर्मो स्टाबिलको रेकर्डसँग बराबरी पनि गरे।<ref>{{cite web |last=Taina |first=Gianni |date=7 July 2026 |title=Video: Lionel Messi scores for Argentina against Egypt to match Guillermo Stabile’s 96-year-old record |url=https://worldsoccertalk.com/world-cup/video-lionel-messi-scores-for-argentina-against-egypt-to-match-guillermo-stabiles-96-year-old-record/ |publisher=World Soccer Talk}}</ref> यसका साथै, मेस्सीले पहिलो हाफको पेनाल्टी किक गुमाए, जसले गर्दा उनी आफ्नो करियरमा चार विश्वकप पेनाल्टी मिस गर्ने इतिहासकै पहिलो खेलाडी बने।<ref>{{cite web |last=Villar Pardo |first=Daniel |date=7 July 2026 |title=Video: Messi misses a penalty against Egypt, his second failed spot kick of the 2026 World Cup |url=https://worldsoccertalk.com/world-cup/video-messi-misses-a-penalty-against-egypt-his-second-failed-spot-kick-of-the-2026-world-cup/ |publisher=World Soccer Talk}}</ref> == मेसी–रोनाल्डो प्रतिस्पर्धा == {{मुख्य|मेसी–रोनाल्डो प्रतिस्पर्धा}} [[File:Cristiano Ronaldo and Lionel Messi - Portugal vs Argentina, 9th February 2011.jpg|thumb|upright|मेस्सीको करियरको अधिकांश समय क्रिस्टियानो रोनाल्डो (बायाँ) सँग तुलना गरिएको छ।]] उनका समकालीन साथीहरूमध्ये, मेस्सीको तुलना प्रायः [[क्रिस्टियानो रोनाल्डो]]सँग गरिन्छ, जसलाई धेरैले उनको करियरको प्रतिद्वन्द्वी मान्छन्। <ref name="RonaldoRivalry" /><ref name="RonaldoRivalry">Multiple sources: * {{cite web |url=http://www.goal.com/story/messi-ronaldo-the-future/index.html |title=A future without Messi and Ronaldo |work=[[Goal (website)|Goal]] |access-date=8 June 2018 |last=Macdonald |first=Paul |archive-date=29 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201029200613/https://www.goal.com/story/messi-ronaldo-the-future/index.html |url-status=live }} * {{cite web |last=Staunton |first=Peter |url=http://www.goal.com/story/messi-ronaldo-changing-face-of-football/index.html |title=Messi and Ronaldo: Changing the face of football |work=[[Goal (website)|Goal]] |access-date=8 June 2018 |archive-date=4 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190804214954/http://www.goal.com/story/messi-ronaldo-changing-face-of-football/index.html |url-status=live }} * {{cite web |url=https://www.eurosport.co.uk/football/whoever-wins-the-ballon-d-or-the-messi-ronaldo-duopoly-is-coming-to-an-end_sto5054730/story.shtml |title=Whoever wins the Ballon d'Or, the Messi-Ronaldo duopoly is coming to an end |work=[[Eurosport]] |date=11 January 2016 |access-date=8 June 2018 |last=Haugstad |first=Thore |archive-date=20 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210120014411/https://www.eurosport.co.uk/football/whoever-wins-the-ballon-d-or-the-messi-ronaldo-duopoly-is-coming-to-an-end_sto5054730/story.shtml |url-status=live }}</ref> उनलाई खेलको इतिहासमा सबैभन्दा महान् फुटबलरहरू मध्ये एक पनि मानिन्छ।<ref name="goat"> Multiple sources: * {{cite web |title=Why Lionel Messi is the best male athlete of all time |publisher=[[BBC Sport]] |date=13 December 2022 |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/63964902 |access-date=26 February 2025 |url-status=live |archive-date=2 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240902160444/https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/63964902}} * {{cite web |last=Lane |first=Barnaby |date=18 December 2022 |title=Lionel Messi cements status as soccer GOAT as Argentina wins thrilling World Cup final |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/lionel-messi-cements-status-as-goat-argentina-win-world-cup-2022-12 |access-date=20 December 2022 |website=[[Business Insider]] |archive-date=24 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240224021804/https://www.businessinsider.com/lionel-messi-cements-status-as-goat-argentina-win-world-cup-2022-12 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=McIntyre |first=Doug |date=18 December 2022 |title=Lionel Messi Cements His Goat Status With A Little Help From His Friends |url=https://www.foxsports.com/stories/soccer/lionel-messi-cements-his-goat-status-with-a-little-help-from-his-friends|access-date=20 January 2023 |website=Fox Sports|archive-date=4 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404023500/https://www.foxsports.com/stories/soccer/lionel-messi-cements-his-goat-status-with-a-little-help-from-his-friends|url-status=live}} * {{cite web |last=O'Hanlon |first=Ryan |title=Why Lionel Messi is the best male athlete of all time |publisher=[[ESPN]] |date=16 December 2022 |url=https://www.espn.com/sports/soccer/insider/story/_/id/35259622/lionel-messi-world-cup-proves-best-male-athlete-ever |access-date=26 February 2025 |url-status=live |archive-date=18 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221218003939/https://www.espn.com/sports/soccer/insider/story/_/id/35259622/lionel-messi-world-cup-proves-best-male-athlete-ever}} * {{cite web |last1=Robinson |first1=Joshua |last2=Clegg |first2=Jonathan |title=Messi's Argentina Beats France to Win the World Cup |publisher=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |date=19 December 2022 |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/argentina-france-world-cup-messi-mbappe-11671386377 |access-date=26 February 2025 |url-status=live |archive-date=9 October 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241009060605/https://www.wsj.com/articles/argentina-france-world-cup-messi-mbappe-11671386377}} * {{cite web |last=Robson |first=James |title=Messi wins World Cup to push claim to be soccer's GOAT |publisher=[[Associated Press]] |date=18 December 2022 |url=https://apnews.com/article/lionel-messi-wins-world-cup-final-is-he-the-goat-0bf74af4ef88ea1e6b3eadce375ebb4a |access-date=7 October 2024 |url-status=live |archive-date=3 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240703140046/https://apnews.com/article/lionel-messi-wins-world-cup-final-is-he-the-goat-0bf74af4ef88ea1e6b3eadce375ebb4a}} * {{cite web |last=Smith |first=Rory |title=For Messi, and Argentina, the (Extra) Wait Is Worth It |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=18 December 2022 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/18/sports/soccer/messi-world-cup-win.html |access-date=26 February 2025 |url-status=live |archive-date=22 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241122063447/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/18/sports/soccer/messi-world-cup-win.html}}</ref> २०२५ मा, उनलाई आइएफएफएचएस द्वारा अल टाइम मेन्स वर्ल्ड बेस्ट प्लेयर घोषित गरिएको थियो।<ref>{{Cite web |title= IFFHS ALL TIME TOP 10 |url=https://www.iffhs.com/posts/4380 |access-date=31 July 2025 |website=www.iffhs.com}}</ref> दुवैले धेरै व्यक्तिगत उपलब्धी हासिल गरेकाअ छन्, क्लब र देश दुवैका लागि दर्जनौं ट्रफी जिते, र इतिहासका दुई प्रमुख गोल स्कोरर हुन्। मेस्सीले समय सम्यमा कुनै पनि प्रतिद्वन्द्वितालाई अस्वीकार गरे पनि,<ref>{{Cite news |title=Barcelona's Lionel Messi Blames Media for Inventing Rivalry with Real Madrid's Cristiano Ronaldo |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |date=15 August 2012 |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/9478241/Barcelonas-Lionel-Messi-blames-media-for-inventing-rivalry-with-Real-Madrids-Cristiano-Ronaldo.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/9478241/Barcelonas-Lionel-Messi-blames-media-for-inventing-rivalry-with-Real-Madrids-Cristiano-Ronaldo.html |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |access-date=17 August 2015}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Ben |last=Snowball |title=Lionel Messi: Cristiano Ronaldo Is Not My Rival|website=Eurosport|publisher=TNT Sports International|date=11 June 2015 |url=http://www.eurosport.co.uk/football/lionel-messi-cristiano-ronaldo-is-not-my-rival_sto4779011/story.shtml |access-date=17 August 2015 |archive-date=24 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924004853/http://www.eurosport.co.uk/football/lionel-messi-cristiano-ronaldo-is-not-my-rival_sto4779011/story.shtml |url-status=live}}</ref> उनीहरूले विश्वको सर्वश्रेष्ठ खेलाडी बन्ने आफ्नो लक्ष्यमा एकअर्कालाई अगाडि बढाउने व्यापक रूपमा विश्वास गरिन्छ। <ref name="Overtaken">{{cite news |first=Andy |last=West |title=Real Madrid v Barcelona: Has Ronaldo Overtaken Messi? |work=BBC Sport |date=22 March 2014 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/26651301 |access-date=10 August 2015 |archive-date=24 August 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150824045031/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/26651301 |url-status=live}}</ref> पण्डितहरूले उनीहरू चीचको प्रतिद्वन्द्वितालाई बक्सिङमा मुहम्मद अली-जो फ्रेजियर प्रतिद्वन्द्विता, मोटरस्पोर्टमा प्रोस्ट-सेना प्रतिद्वन्द्विता, र [[रोजर फेडरर|फेडेरर]]-[[रफाएल नाडाल|नाडाल]] र बोर्ग-म्याकएनरो बीचको टेनिस प्रतिद्वन्द्विता जस्ता विगतका खेलकुद प्रतिद्वन्द्विताहरूसँग तुलना गरेका छन्। <ref>Multiple sources: * {{cite news |last=Hunter |first=Graham |url=https://www.espn.com/sports/soccer/news/_/id/5842703/el-clasico-all-ronaldo-vs-messi |title=The game's best rivalry |date=28 November 2010 |access-date=30 September 2014 |work=ESPN |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006150207/http://espn.go.com/sports/soccer/news/_/id/5842703/el-clasico-all-ronaldo-vs-messi |archive-date=6 October 2014}} * {{cite web |title=Messi v Ronaldo|website=Sky Sports|publisher=Sky Group|date=17 October 2011 |url=http://www.skysports.com/news/21227/7235124/messi-v-ronaldo |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006105413/http://www.skysports.com/news/21227/7235124/messi-v-ronaldo |archive-date=6 October 2014 }} * {{cite news |url=https://www.thetimes.com/sport/football/article/the-special-two-g7dbcfsfgxt |title=The Special Two |date=21 December 2012 |access-date=13 October 2014 |work=The Times |url-access=subscription |archive-date=26 June 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150626225332/http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/opinion/leaders/article3637725.ece |url-status=live}}</ref> प्रशंसक र पण्डितहरू दुवै खेलाडीको व्यक्तिगत गुणहरूको बारेमा नियमित रूपमा तर्क गर्छन्।<ref name="Overtaken" /><ref>{{Cite news |first=Chris |last=Mendes |title=World Cup 2014: Cristiano Ronaldo's Personal Duel with Lionel Messi Is Affecting His Performances for Portugal |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |date=24 June 2014 |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/players/cristiano-ronaldo/10923614/World-Cup-2014-Cristiano-Ronaldos-personal-duel-with-Lionel-Messi-is-affecting-his-performances-for-Portugal.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/players/cristiano-ronaldo/10923614/World-Cup-2014-Cristiano-Ronaldos-personal-duel-with-Lionel-Messi-is-affecting-his-performances-for-Portugal.html |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |access-date=17 August 2015}}{{cbignore}}</ref> मेस्सीलाई ड्रिब्लिङ, प्लेमेकिङ, पासिङ र गोलस्कोरिङको संयोजनको लागि प्रशंसा गरिन्छ, जबकि रोनाल्डोले आफ्नो असाधारण गति र एथलेटिक्सिज्म, गोलस्कोरिङ सीप र दबाबमा प्रदर्शनको लागि प्रशंसा पाएका छन्। <ref> {{cite news |last=Smith |first=Ben |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/17786045 |title=Barcelona's Messi v Real Madrid's Ronaldo |date=20 April 2012 |access-date=13 October 2014 |work=BBC Sport|publisher=BBC|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120905081616/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/17786045 |archive-date=5 September 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Rice |first=Simon |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/european/lionel-messi-v-cristiano-ronaldo--worlds-greatest-players-locked-in-new-battle-8567328.html |title=Lionel Messi v Cristiano Ronaldo – world's greatest players locked in new battle |date=10 April 2013 |access-date=13 October 2014 |work=The Independent |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141028195727/http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/european/lionel-messi-v-cristiano-ronaldo--worlds-greatest-players-locked-in-new-battle-8567328.html |archive-date=28 October 2014 }}</ref> उनीहरूको खेल शैलीभन्दा बाहिर, बहस उनीहरूको फरक शारीरिक बनावटको वरिपरि पनि घुम्छ - रोनाल्डो {{height|m=1.87}} मांसपेशीयुक्त संरचनाको साथ छन्, जबकि मेस्सी {{height|m=1.70}} उचाइका छन् । – र उनीहरूको सार्वजनिक व्यक्तित्व विपरीत छ, रोनाल्डोको आत्मविश्वास र मेस्सीको नम्रता भन्दा फरक छन्।<ref>Multiple sources: * {{Cite news |first=Rob |last=Hughes |title=Ronaldo May Look Like the Best, but There Is Someone Better |newspaper=The New York Times |date=13 September 2011 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/09/14/sports/soccer/14iht-soccer14.html?pagewanted=all&_r=1 |access-date=17 August 2015 |archive-date=1 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171001165502/http://www.nytimes.com/2011/09/14/sports/soccer/14iht-soccer14.html?pagewanted=all&_r=1 |url-status=live}} * {{cite web |first1=Pedro |last1=Pinto |first2=James |last2=Montague |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2012/05/17/sport/football/football-champions-league-ronaldo-interview/ |title=Cristiano Ronaldo: I'm Better than Messi |publisher=CNN |date=29 May 2012 |access-date=17 August 2015 |archive-date=6 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006125456/http://edition.cnn.com/2012/05/17/sport/football/football-champions-league-ronaldo-interview/ |url-status=live}} * {{Cite news |first=Tim |last=Lewis |title=Cristiano Ronaldo: He's Got a God-Given Talent – and He Knows It |newspaper=The Guardian |date=24 November 2013 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/theobserver/2013/nov/24/cristiano-ronaldo-real-madrid-portugal-football |access-date=17 August 2015 |archive-date=6 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006163656/http://www.theguardian.com/theobserver/2013/nov/24/cristiano-ronaldo-real-madrid-portugal-football |url-status=live}}</ref> व्यक्तिगत उपलब्धिहरूको सन्दर्भमा, मेस्सीले रोनाल्डोको पाँच जनालाई आठ बालोन डी'ओर, छ युरोपियन गोल्डेन बुट- रोनाल्डोको पाँच, चार युरोपियन गोल्डेन बुट<ref>{{Cite news |title=Ballons d'Or winners list |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/football/2016/12/07/ballon-dor-winners-list/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/football/2016/12/07/ballon-dor-winners-list/ |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |work=The Telegraph |date=2 April 2017}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first1=Sorin |last1=Arotaritei |first2=Roberto |last2=Di Maggio |first3=Karel |last3=Stokkermans |title=Golden Boot (Soulier d'Or) Awards |website=[[RSSSF]] |url=https://www.rsssf.org/miscellaneous/gboot.html |access-date=17 August 2015 |archive-date=1 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230601072653/https://www.rsssf.org/miscellaneous/gboot.html |url-status=live}}</ref> मैदान बाहिर, तलब, प्रायोजन र सामाजिक सञ्जालका फ्यानबेसको हिसाबले रोनाल्डो उनका प्रत्यक्ष प्रतिस्पर्धी हुन्।<ref name="50million">{{cite web |first=Kurt |last=Badenhausen |title=Lionel Messi Reaches $50 Million-A-Year Deal With Barcelona |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/kurtbadenhausen/2014/05/16/lionel-messi-agrees-to-new-50-million-a-year-deal-with-barcelona/ |work=Forbes |date=16 May 2014 |access-date=17 August 2015 |archive-date=6 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006091338/http://www.forbes.com/sites/kurtbadenhausen/2014/05/16/lionel-messi-agrees-to-new-50-million-a-year-deal-with-barcelona/ |url-status=live}}</ref> रोनाल्डो समावेश भएका क्लब विरुद्ध मेस्सीको हेड-टू-हेड रेकर्डमा प्रतिस्पर्धी क्लब खेलहरूमा १५ जित, ९ बराबरी र १० हार समावेश छन्। यी दुई बीचको पहिलो प्रतिस्पर्धात्मक खेल २००८ मा भएको थियो, जब रोनाल्डोको म्यानचेस्टर युनाइटेडले २००७-०८ को युईएफए च्याम्पियन्स लिग सेमिफाइनलमा मेस्सीको बार्सिलोनासँग खेलेको थियो; [[म्यानचेस्टर युनाइटेड फुटबल क्लब|म्यानचेस्टर युनाइटेड]]ले बार्सिलोनालाई हराएर, फाइनल पुज्ञो र अन्ततः फाइनल पनि जित्यो।<ref>{{cite news |last=Rutledge |first=Lewis |url=http://www1.skysports.com/football/live/match/102148/report |title=Scholes seals final spot |date=29 April 2008 |access-date=30 September 2014 |work=Sky Sports |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006083710/http://www1.skysports.com/football/live/match/102148/report |archive-date=6 October 2014}}</ref> यी दुई खेलाडी र क्लब टोली अर्को वर्षको च्याम्पियन्स लिग फाइनलमा फेरि भेटे, यसपटक मेस्सी र बार्सिलोनाले २-० को जित हासिल गरे।<ref>{{cite news |last=Lowe |first=Sid |author-link=Sid Lowe |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/story/_/id/37583118/messi-ronaldos-most-memorable-clashes-champions-league-el-clasico |title=Messi and Ronaldo's most memorable clashes: From the Champions League to El Clasico |date=17 January 2023 |access-date=9 June 2023 |work=ESPN |archive-date=28 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231028173107/https://www.espn.com/soccer/story/_/id/37583118/messi-ronaldos-most-memorable-clashes-champions-league-el-clasico |url-status=live }}</ref> यसपछि, रोनाल्डो बार्सिलोनाको मुख्य प्रतिद्वन्द्वी रियल म्याड्रिडमा आए, जसको परिणामस्वरूप मेस्सीले [[एल क्लासिको]]मा रोनाल्डोको धेरै पटक सामना गरे, जुन विश्वको सबैभन्दा धेरै हेरिने वार्षिक खेलकुद कार्यक्रमहरू मध्ये एक हो।<ref>{{cite news |last1=Taylor |first1=Daniel |author-link1=Daniel Taylor (journalist)|last2=Jackson |first2=Jamie |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2009/jun/11/cristiano-ronaldo-manchester-united-real-madrid1 |title=Manchester United accept £80m Cristiano Ronaldo bid from Real Madrid |date=11 June 2009 |access-date=30 September 2014 |work=The Guardian |archive-date=23 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181123043733/https://www.theguardian.com/football/2009/jun/11/cristiano-ronaldo-manchester-united-real-madrid1 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="50million" /> धेरै फुटबल समीक्षक, टिप्पणीकार र खेलाडीहरूले भनेका छन् कि [[२०२२ फिफा विश्वकप|२०२२ को विश्वकप]]मा अर्जेन्टिनासँग मेस्सीको विजयले दुई खेलाडीहरू बीचको प्रतिस्पर्धालाई टुंगो लागेको छ।{{efn|group=upper-alpha|Attributed to multiple references:<ref>{{cite web |last=Sharland |first=Pete |date=18 December 2022 |title=World Cup 2022 Final: Win Or Lose, Argentina Star Lionel Messi Has Settled The Goat Debate Forever |url=https://www.eurosport.com/football/world-cup/2022/world-cup-2022-final-win-or-lose-argentina-star-lionel-messi-has-settled-the-goat-debate-forever_sto9275487/story.shtml |access-date=19 January 2023 |website=Eurosport |archive-date=22 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221222185828/https://www.eurosport.com/football/world-cup/2022/world-cup-2022-final-win-or-lose-argentina-star-lionel-messi-has-settled-the-goat-debate-forever_sto9275487/story.shtml |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Usry |first=Rob |date=18 December 2022 |title=Lionel Messi puts the GOAT debate to rest with storybook World Cup win |url=https://www.sbnation.com/soccer/2022/12/18/23515312/lionel-messi-world-cup-who-is-soccer-football-goat-argentina |access-date=20 December 2022 |website=SBNation.com |archive-date=21 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221221220741/https://www.sbnation.com/soccer/2022/12/18/23515312/lionel-messi-world-cup-who-is-soccer-football-goat-argentina |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Cristiano Ronaldo: Lionel Messi rivalry now 'gone' says Portuguese great |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/66738794 |website=[[BBC Sport]] |access-date=11 September 2023 |date=7 September 2023 |archive-date=13 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230913002953/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/66738794 |url-status=live }}</ref>}} === डिएगो म्याराडोनासँग तुलना === {{quote box|width=25%|align=right|quote="मैले अर्जेन्टिनाको फुटबलमा मेरो स्थान पाउने खेलाडी देखेको छु र उनको नाम मेस्सी हो।""|source=– डिएगो म्याराडोनाले फेब्रुअरी २००६ मा १८ वर्षीय मेस्सीलाई आफ्नो उत्तराधिकारीको रूपमा प्रशंसा गर्दै<ref name="successor">{{Cite news |title=Maradona Hails Messi as Successor |work=BBC Sport |date=24 February 2006 |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/europe/4746070.stm |access-date=17 August 2015 |archive-date=1 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181001190650/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/europe/4746070.stm |url-status=live}}</ref>}} आफ्नो करियरभरि, मेस्सीको तुलना [[डिएगो म्याराडोना]]सँग गरिएको छ। [[डिएगो म्याराडोना|म्याराडोना]]लाई उनको पुस्ताको उत्कृष्ट खेलाडी र खेलको इतिहासमा सबैभन्दा महान खेलाडीहरू मध्ये एक पनि मानिन्थ्यो।<ref name="adept">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/07/13/sports/worldcup/world-cup-2014-in-argentina-lionel-messi-is-not-loved-as-much-as-diego-maradona.html|title=Adept? Yes. Adored? Not Yet.|last=Longman|first=Jeré|date=12 July 2014|newspaper=The New York Times|access-date=17 August 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140715030203/https://www.nytimes.com/2014/07/13/sports/worldcup/world-cup-2014-in-argentina-lionel-messi-is-not-loved-as-much-as-diego-maradona.html|archive-date=15 July 2014|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.fourfourtwo.com/features/fourfourtwos-100-greatest-footballers-ever-no1-diego-maradona|title=FourFourTwo's 100 Greatest Footballers EVER: No.1, Diego Maradona|last=Murray|first=Andrew|date=26 September 2017|magazine=[[FourFourTwo]]|access-date=29 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170929135411/https://www.fourfourtwo.com/features/fourfourtwos-100-greatest-footballers-ever-no1-diego-maradona|archive-date=29 September 2017}}</ref> दुवै खेलाडीहरूको छोटो उचाइ, बायाँ खुट्टा भएका [[प्लेमेकर]]को रूपमा उनीहरूको समान खेल शैली र अर्जेन्टिनाको रूपमा उनीहरूको साझा राष्ट्रियताबाट व्यापक रूपमा उत्पन्न हुन्छन्।<ref name="Daily">{{cite news|url=http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/english/doc/2006-02/25/content_523966.htm|title=Maradona proclaims Messi as his successor|date=25 February 2006|newspaper=China Daily|access-date=28 December 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190407203458/http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/english/doc/2006-02/25/content_523966.htm|archive-date=7 April 2019|agency=Reuters|quote="I have seen the player who will inherit my place in Argentine football and his name is Messi," Argentina's 1986 World Cup-winning captain was quoted as saying on Friday.|url-status=live}}</ref> सुरुमा, मेस्सी "नयाँ म्याराडोना" उपनाम प्राप्त गर्ने धेरै युवा अर्जेन्टिनी खेलाडीहरू मध्ये एक मात्र थिए, तर आफ्नो करियर अगाडि बढ्दै जाँदा, उनले सबै अघिल्ला दावेदारहरू भन्दा बाहिर आफ्नो समानता प्रमाणित गरे, आफूलाई म्याराडोना पछि अर्जेन्टिनाले उत्पादन गरेको सर्वश्रेष्ठ खेलाडीको रूपमा स्थापित गरे।<ref name="Aimar" />{{sfn|Lisi|2011|pp=533–539}} मेस्सी १८ वर्षको हुँदा, म्याराडोनाले उनलाई विश्वको सर्वश्रेष्ठ खेलाडी भने र उनको उत्तराधिकारीको रूपमा प्रशंसा गरे। <ref name="successor" /> २००८ देखि २०१० फिफा विश्वकप सम्म, मेस्सीले म्याराडोनाको प्रबन्धकको रूपमा अर्जेन्टिनाको राष्ट्रिय टोलीको लागि खेले, र यो अवधिमा मेस्सीलाई म्याराडोनाले प्रसिद्ध रूपमा लगाएको १० नम्बरको जर्सी दिइएको थियो। म्याराडोनाले मेस्सीलाई आशीर्वाद दिँदै भने: "नम्बर १० तिम्रो हो। यसलाई लगाउन तिमी भन्दा राम्रो कोही छैन।"<ref name="telegraph.co.uk" /> [[चित्र:Maradona_vs_england.jpg|बायाँ|अङ्गुठाकार|शरीरको आकार र खेल्ने शैलीको समानताका कारण, मेस्सीलाई बारम्बार उनकै देशका [[डिएगो म्याराडोना]]सँग तुलना गरिन्छ।]] मेस्सीको करियरको सुरुवाती र मध्य भागमा, अर्जेन्टिनाको समाजमा उनलाई सामान्यतया म्याराडोना भन्दा कम सम्मान दिइन्थ्यो। यसको एउटा कारण मेस्सीको प्रतियोगिता सफलताको कमी र राष्ट्रिय टोलीसँगको असमान प्रदर्शन थियो; म्याराडोनाले १९८६ को फिफा विश्वकपमा अर्जेन्टिनालाई विजयको लागि प्रसिद्ध रूपमा नेतृत्व गरेका थिए, जसबाट मेस्सीको लागि पनि त्यस्तै गर्ने अपेक्षा स्थापित भएको थियो ।{{efn|Attributed to multiple references:<ref name="laughable"/><ref name="adept"/><ref name="Burden" />|group=upper-alpha}} अर्जेन्टिनाले रोसारियोमा अन्तर्मुखी र नम्र मेस्सीको विपरीत, बस्तीबाट आएका ज्वलन्त, बहिर्मुखी र विवादास्पद म्याराडोनासँग बढी पहिचान गरे।{{efn|Attributed to multiple references:<ref name="Lea"/><ref name="Burden">{{cite news |first=Jeff |last=Himmelman |title=The Burden of Being Messi |newspaper=The New York Times |date=5 June 2014 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/06/08/magazine/the-burden-of-being-messi.html |access-date=11 August 2015 |archive-date=3 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150403064416/http://www.nytimes.com/2014/06/08/magazine/the-burden-of-being-messi.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |first=Marcela |last=Mora y Araujo |title=Lionel Messi Is Not the New Maradona – He Can Be Better than That |newspaper=The Guardian |date=23 December 2009 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/blog/2009/dec/23/lionel-messi-diego-maradona-argentina-barcelona |access-date=17 August 2015 |archive-date=19 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210119233541/https://www.theguardian.com/football/blog/2009/dec/23/lionel-messi-diego-maradona-argentina-barcelona |url-status=live}}</ref>|group=upper-alpha}} म्याराडोना, धेरै विद्वानहरू र फुटबल खेलाडीहरूले मेस्सीको स्वभावले उनलाई राष्ट्रिय टोलीको लागि सक्षम नेता बनाएको छ कि छैन भनेर प्रश्न गरे। {{efn|Attributed to multiple references:<ref name="laughable"/><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/46279184 |title=Lionel Messi: Is Barcelona forward really cut out for captaincy? |work=BBC Sport |first=Andy |last=West |date=22 November 2018 |access-date=1 May 2019 |archive-date=26 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190526082244/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/46279184 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espn.com/soccer/argentina/story/2889220/diego-maradona-says-lionel-messi-lacks-leadership-to-carry-a-team?src=com |title=Diego Maradona: Lionel Messi lacks the leadership needed to carry a team |publisher=ESPN FC |date=9 June 2016 |access-date=1 May 2019 |archive-date=1 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190501160742/http://www.espn.com/soccer/argentina/story/2889220/diego-maradona-says-lionel-messi-lacks-leadership-to-carry-a-team%3Fsrc%3Dcom |url-status=live}}</ref>|group=upper-alpha}} यसबाहेक, अर्जेन्टिनाको जर्सीप्रति मेस्सीको बाह्य जोशको कमी, राष्ट्रिय गान नगाउने उनको प्रारम्भिक प्रवृत्ति, र भावनात्मक प्रदर्शनको उनको सापेक्षिक अभावले उनलाई अर्जेन्टिना भन्दा बढी क्याटलान लाग्छ भन्ने धारणा सिर्जना गरेको छ।{{sfn|Balagué|2013|pp=414–420}}<ref name="Vickery" /> यद्यपि, १३ वर्षको उमेरदेखि बार्सिलोनामा बसोबास गर्दै आए पनि, मेस्सीले अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय स्तरमा स्पेनको प्रतिनिधित्व गर्ने विकल्पलाई अस्वीकार गर्दै भने: "अर्जेन्टिना मेरो देश हो, मेरो परिवार हो, आफूलाई अभिव्यक्त गर्ने मेरो तरिका हो। मेरो देशका मानिसहरूलाई खुसी बनाउन म मेरा सबै रेकर्डहरू परिवर्तन गर्नेछु।"<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2014/jun/10/lionel-messi-vomits-argentina-alejandro-sabella-world-cup|title=Lionel Messi Vomits Because of Nerves, Says Argentina's Alejandro Sabella|date=10 June 2014|newspaper=The Guardian|access-date=17 August 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125222532/https://www.theguardian.com/football/2014/jun/10/lionel-messi-vomits-argentina-alejandro-sabella-world-cup|archive-date=25 January 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> == व्यक्तिगत जीवन == मेसी एक चरणमा, आफ्नो गृहनगर [[रोसारियो]]को माकारीना लीमोससँग रूमानी तरिकामा आवद्ध थिए। उनी भन्छन् कि जब उनी [[२००६ विश्वकप]] शुरू हुनु भन्दा केही दिन पहिले चोटबाट मुक्ति पाउनको लागि रोसारियो फर्किए थिए तब केटीको बुवाले नै उनीसँग परिचय गराएका थिए।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.gente.com.ar/nota.php?ID=11359|title=Lionel me prometió venir a mi cumple de quince después del Mundial|publisher=Gente Online|accessdate=2009-06-18|language=Spanish}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127191019/http://www.gente.com.ar/nota.php?ID=11359 |date=2013-01-27 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.vefutbol.com.mx/notas/16849.html|title= Aún le mueve el tapete a Messi|publisher=''El Universal''|date=2008-06-19|accessdate=2009-06-18|language=Spanish}}</ref> अतीतमा पनि उनको नाम अर्जेन्टिनी मोडल [[लूसियाना सालाजार]]सँग जोडिएको थियो।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cronicaviva.com.pe/content/view/45050/1/|title= Luciana Salazar y Messi serían pareja|publisher=Crónica Viva|date=2008-06-19|accessdate=2009-06-18|language=Spanish|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20090608003136/http://www.cronicaviva.com.pe/content/view/45050/1/|archivedate=2009-06-08}}</ref><ref name="Messi y Antonella pasean"/> जनवरी २००९मा उनले [[च्यानल ३३]]को एक कार्यक्रम "ह्याट-ट्रिक बार्सा"मा भने: "मेरो एउटा प्रेमिका छ र उनी अर्जेन्टिनामा बस्छिन, म निश्चिन्त र खुशी छु।"<ref name="Messi y Antonella pasean">{{cite news|url=http://www.elperiodico.com/default.asp?idpublicacio_PK=46&idioma=CAS&idnoticia_PK=590154&idseccio_PK=1028|title=Messi y Antonella pasean por el Carnaval de Sitges su noviazgo|publisher=''El Periódico de Catalunya''|date=2009-02-25|accessdate=2009-06-18|language=Spanish}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090610003322/http://www.elperiodico.com/default.asp?idpublicacio_PK=46&idioma=CAS&idnoticia_PK=590154&idseccio_PK=1028 |date=2009-06-10 }}</ref> उनी बार्सिलोना-एस्पेनयल डर्बी पछि, [[सिटजेस]]को एक कार्निवलमा एन्टोनेला रोकुजो नामक युवती सँग देखिए।<ref name="Roccuzzo">{{cite news|url=http://www.calciomercato.it/news/46787/Messi-a-dicembre-sogni-doro!.html|title=Messi, a dicembre... sogni d'oro|publisher=Calcio Mercato News|date=21 April 2009|accessdate=13 July 2009|language=Italian}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101030032522/http://www.calciomercato.it/news/46787/Messi-a-dicembre-sogni-doro!.html |date=30 October 2010 }}</ref> रोकुजो पनि रोसारियो कै वासिन्दा हुन।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.taringa.net/posts/noticias/2213473/La-verdad-sobre-la-nueva-novia-de-Messi__.html|title=La verdad sobre la nueva novia de Messi|publisher=Taringa|date=2009-02-24|accessdate=2009-06-18|language=Spanish}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120327092623/http://www.taringa.net/posts/noticias/2213473/La-verdad-sobre-la-nueva-novia-de-Messi__.html |date=2012-03-27 }}</ref> फुटबल क्षेत्रमा उनको दुई काकाका छोराहरू [[म्याक्सी]] र [[इमान्युअल बियानकुची]] पनि छन। म्याक्सी पाराग्वेको क्लब ओलम्पियाका विङ्गर छन् र इमान्युअल बियानकुची स्पेनको गिरोना एफसीमा मध्यपंक्ति छन।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://ultimosegundo.ig.com.br/esportes/seu_time/flamengo/2007/08/20/maxi_afirma_que_messi_deve_vir_ao_brasil_para_ve_lo_jogar_972383.html|title=Maxi afirma que Messi deve vir ao Brasil para vê-lo jogar|publisher=Último Segundo|date=2007-08-20|accessdate=2009-11-03|language=Portuguese}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090227172313/http://ultimosegundo.ig.com.br/esportes/seu_time/flamengo/2007/08/20/maxi_afirma_que_messi_deve_vir_ao_brasil_para_ve_lo_jogar_972383.html |date=2009-02-27 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.tz-online.de/sport/fussball/tsv-1860/biancucchi-hoert-mir-mit-messi-auf-498339.html|title=Hört mir auf mit Messi!|publisher=TZ Online|date=2009-10-20|accessdate=2009-11-03|language=German|first=Claudius |last=Mayer}}</ref> भिडियो गेम [[प्रो इभोल्यूशन सकर २००९]] र [[प्रो इभोल्यूशन सकर २०११]]को मुख्यपृष्ठमा उनको तस्बीर अङ्कित छ र उनी यस खेलको प्रचार अभियानमा पनि समावेश छन।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.gamezine.co.uk/news/game-types/sports/football/konami-names-messi-as-face-pes-2009-$1234471.htm|title=Konami names Messi as face of PES 2009|publisher=Gamezine.co.uk|date=2008-08-01|accessdate=2009-06-09}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.pesunites.com/eng/index.htm|title=PES Unites - Messi|publisher=PESunites.com|accessdate=2009-06-09}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090603173802/http://www.pesunites.com/eng/index.htm |date=2009-06-03 }}</ref> मेसी, [[प्रो इभोल्यूशन सकर २०१०]]मा [[फर्नान्डो तोरेस|फर्नान्डो टोरेस]] सँग<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.videogamer.com/news/torres_signs_for_pes_2010.html|title=Torres signs for PES 2010|publisher=Videogamer.com|date=2009-06-23|accessdate=2009-07-07|last=Orry|first=James}}</ref> देखिएका छन् र यसको [[मोशन कयाप्चरिङग]] र [[ट्रेलर]]मा पनि शामिल थिए।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://uk.games.konami-europe.com/blog.do;jsessionid=E3F32E431E73A1D6AF0B71D695498692#blog-entry-116|title=Motions and Emotions in Barcelona|publisher=Konami|date=2009-06-08|accessdate=2009-06-09}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://uk.games.konami-europe.com/news.do;jsessionid=A2FD1270B2C75DE70A52446CBF821D5A?idNews=411|title=E3 2009: PES 2010: Messi fronts exclusive E3 trailer|publisher=Konami|date=2009-06-02|accessdate=2009-06-09}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.pesfan.com/news/8212537/Messi-mo-cap-photos/#newsarticle|title=MOTD magazine crew meet Messi in Barcelona|publisher=PESFan (Match of the Day Magazine)|accessdate=2009-06-18}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127192339/http://www.pesfan.com/news/8212537/Messi-mo-cap-photos/#newsarticle |date=2013-01-27 }}</ref> मेसीको प्रायोजन जर्मन स्पोर्ट्सवेयर कम्पनी [[एडिडास]]ले गरेको छ र उनी यसकोको [[टेलिभिजन विज्ञापनहरू]]मा पनि उनी देखिन्छन्।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/video/2009/may/27/zidane-messi-adidas-ad|title=Watch Zinedine Zidane and Lionel Messi in Adidas ad|publisher=''The Guardian''|date=2009-05-27|accessdate=2009-08-16}}</ref> == कर छली == सन् २०१३ मा कर छलीको आशंकामा मेस्सीको आर्थिक मामिलामाथि अनुसन्धान भएको थियो। कर हेभन्स उरुग्वे र बेलिजमा रहेका अपतटीय कम्पनीहरू 2007 र 2009 को बीचमा प्रायोजन आम्दानीसँग सम्बन्धित करमा € 4.1 मिलियन छल्न प्रयोग गरियो। पनामामा 2012 मा स्थापित एक असंबद्ध शेल कम्पनी पछि पनामा पेपर्स डाटा लीकमा मेसिसको रूपमा पहिचान गरिएको थियो।। मेस्सी, जसले कथित योजनाको अज्ञानताको गुनासो गरे, स्वेच्छिक रूपमा अगस्ट 2013 मा € 5.1 मिलियनको बक्यौता तिर्यो। 6 जुलाई 2016 मा, मेस्सी र उनका बुबा दुबै कर छलीको दोषी पाए र क्रमशः 21 महिनाको जेल सजाय र निलम्बन गरिएको थियो। €1.7 मिलियन र €1.4 मिलियन जरिवाना तिर्नुहोस्। न्यायाधीशको सामना गर्दै उनले भने, "मैले भर्खर फुटबल खेलेको छु। मैले मेरो बुबा र वकिलहरूलाई विश्वास गरेकोले मैले सम्झौतामा हस्ताक्षर गरें र हामीले ती चीजहरूको जिम्मा उनीहरूले लिने निर्णय गरेका थियौं।" == करियरको तथ्याङ्क == === क्लबको तथ्याङ्क === २९ मे, २०११को तथ्याङ्क अनुसार<ref>{{cite news|url=http://hemeroteca.elmundodeportivo.es/preview/2010/01/18/pagina-7/5259184/pdf.html?search=messi 101|title= 'Pichichi' y centenario|publisher=elmundodeportivo|accessdate= 17 January 2010 |language=Spanish}}</ref><ref name="Argentina">{{cite web|url=http://www.national-football-teams.com/v2/player.php?id=12563 |title=Player – Lionel Messi |publisher=National Football Teams |accessdate=29 June 2010}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;text-align:center" |- ! rowspan="2"|क्लब ! rowspan="2"|सिजन ! colspan="3"|लिग ! colspan="3"|कप<ref group="nb">[[कोपा डेल रे]] र [[सुपरकोपा डी एस्पाना]] पनि समावेश</ref> ! colspan="3"|[[युरोप|यूरोप]] <ref group="nb">[[युरोपीयन सुपरकप]] र [[युरोपीयन च्याम्पियन्स लिग]] पनि समावेश</ref> ! colspan="3"|[[क्लब विश्वकप]] ! colspan="3"|कुल |- !प्रदर्शन !गोल !असिस्ट !प्रदर्शन !गोल !असिस्ट !प्रदर्शन !गोल !असिस्ट !प्रदर्शन !गोल !असिस्ट !प्रदर्शन !गोल !असिस्ट |- | rowspan="7"|'''[[बार्सिलोना]]''' | [[२००४-०५]] | ७ | १ | ० | १ | ० | ० | १ | ० | ० | - | - | - | ९ | १ | ० |- | [[२००५-०६]] | १७ | ६ | ३ | २ | १ | ० | ६ | १ | १ | - | - | - | २५ | ८ | ४ |- | [[२००६-०७]] | २६ | १४ | २ | ४ | २ | १ | ६ | १ | ० | ० | ० | ० | ३६ | १७ | ३ |- | [[२००७-०८]] | २८ | १० | १२ | ३ | ० | ० | ९ | ६ | १ | - | - | - | ४० | १६ | १३ |- | [[२००८-०९]] | ३१ | २३ | ११ | ८ | ६ | २ | १२ | ९ | ५ | - | - | - | ५१ | ३८ | १८ |- | [[२००९-१०]] | १७ | १५ | ६ | ४ | ३ | ० | ६ | २ | १ | २ | २ | ० | २९ | २२ | ८ |- | [[२०१०-११]] | ३३ | ३१ | १८ | ९ | १० | ३ | १३ | १२ | ३ | - | - | - | ५५ | ५३ | २४ |- ! colspan="2"| करियरको कुल !१७७ !११९ !५६ !३१ !२२ !६ !५९ !३७ !११ !२ !२ !० !२६९ !१८० !७३ |} === अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय तथ्याङ्क === {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; text-align: center;" |- !राष्ट्रिय टोली!!वर्ष!!खेल!!गोलहरू!!सहायता |- |rowspan=10|'''{{fb|ARG}} |२००५||५||०||० |- |२००६||७||२||१ |- |२००७||१४||६||३ |- |२००८||८||२||१ |- |२००९||१०||३||२ |- |२०१०||१०||२||२ |- |२०११||१३||४|| |- |२०१२||९||१२|| ‍|- |२०१३||७||६|| |- |२०१४||१३||८|| |- !colspan=2|कुल!!७६!!४५!!११ |} === अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय गोलहरू === {{Main|लियोनेल मेसीले गरेका अन्तराष्ट्रिय गोलहरू}} मेसी अर्जेन्टिनाको राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोलीका वर्तमान सर्वाधिक गोलकर्ता हुन्।भने उनले आफ्नो अन्तरास्ट्रिय फुटबल करियरमा ५० गोलको कोसे-ढुङ्गा समेत पार गरिसकेका छन्। ===वर्ष अनुसार गोल=== ===प्रतियोगिता अनुसार गोल=== == सम्मान == === बार्सिलोना === * '''[[ला लिगा]] (५):''' [[सन् २००४-०५ को ला लिगा संस्करण|सन् २००४-०५]], [[सन् २००५-०६ को ला लिगा संस्करण|सन् २००५-०६]], [[सन् २००८-०९ को ला लिगा संस्करण|सन् २००८-०९]] [[सन् २००९-१० को ला लिगा संस्करण|सन् २००९-१०]] [[सन् २०१०-११ को ला लिगा संस्करण|सन् २०१०-११]], [[सन् २०१५-१६ को ला लिगा संस्करण|सन् २०१५-१६]], [[सन् २०१७-१८ को ला लिगा संस्करण|सन् २०१७-१८]], [[सन् २०१८-१९ को ला लिगा संस्करण|सन् २०१८-१९]] * '''[[स्पेनी कप]] (१):''' [[सन् २००८-०९ को स्पेनी कप|सन् २००८-०९]] * '''[[स्पेनी सुपरकप]] (३):''' सन् २००५, २००६, २००९ * '''[[युएफा च्याम्पियन्स लिग]] (३):''' सन् २००५-०६, सन् २००८-०९ सन् २०१०-११ * '''युरोपेेेेेेेली सुपरकप (१):''' सन् २००९ * '''[[फिफा क्लब विश्वकप]] (१):''' सन् २००९ === अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय === * [[फिफा यु-२० विश्वकप]]: [[सन् २००५|२००५]] * [[ओलम्पिक स्वर्ण पदक]]: [[सन् २००८|२००८]] == मेसीको ५०० गोल == मेसीले आफ्नो खेल जीवनमा ५०० गोलको कोसे ढुङ्गा पनि पूरा गरी सकेका छन्। सर्वाधिक फिफा वर्षको उपाधि जित्न सफल मेसीले आफ्नो ५०० गोल सन् २०१६ अप्रिल १७ (ला लिगा) मा भ्यालेन्सिया विरूद्ध १ गोल गर्दै पूरा गरेका थिए तर उक्त ऐतिहासिक खेलमा भने उनको क्लब २-१ गोल अन्तरले पराजित हुन पुगेेेेेेेेको थियोे। साथै उनले सन् २००५ मे मा आल्बासेते विरूद्ध पहिलो वरिष्ठ टोलीको खेलमा गोल गरेका थिए। उनले ५०० गोल मध्ये ५० गोल राष्ट्रका लागि भने ४५० गोल क्लब बार्सिलोनाका लागि गरेका थिए। उनको ५०० गोल मध्ये ४०६ अथवा ७०% गोल देब्रे खुट्टाले गरेका थिए। == व्यक्तिगत == * [[फिफा यु-२० विश्वकप शीर्ष स्कोरर]]: २००५ * [[फिफा यु-२० विश्वकप प्रतियोगिता खेलाडी]]: २००५ * [[कोपा अमेरिका प्रतियोगिता युवा खेलाडी]]: २००७ * [[यु-२१ वर्षको युरोपेली फुटबल खेलाडी]]: २००७ * [[अर्जेन्टिनाको वर्ष खेलाडी]]: २००५, २००७, २००९ * [[फिफाप्रो वर्षको विशेष युवा खेलाडी]]: २००६-०७, २००७-०८ * [[फिफाप्रो वर्षको विश्व युवा खेलाडी]]: २००५-०६, २००६-०७, २००७-०८, * [[वर्षको विश्व फुटबल युवा खेलाडी]]: २००५-०६, २००६-०७, २००७-०८ * [[प्रिमियो डन बेलन (ला लिगा सर्वश्रेष्ठ विदेशी खेलाडी)]]: २००६-०७, २००८-०९ * [[इएफई ट्रफी (ला लिगामा उत्कृष्ट इबेरो अमेरिकी खेलाडी)]]: २००६-०७, २००८-०९ * [[फिफाप्रो विश्वका दस उत्कृष्ट]]: २००६-०७,, २००७-०८, २००८-०९ * [[युरोपेली वर्षको टोली]]: २००७-०८, २००८-०९ * [[फिफा वर्षको टोली]]: २००८, २००९ * [[युरोपेली च्याम्पियन्स लिग शीर्ष स्कोरर]]: २००८-०९ * [[ट्रोफियो अल्फ्रेडो डी स्टेफानो]]: २००८-०९ * [[युरोपेली क्लब वर्षको फरवर्ड]]: २००८-०९ * [[युरोपेली क्लब वर्षको फुटबलर]]: २००८-०९ * [[एलएफपी]] सर्वश्रेष्ठ खेलाडी: २००८-०९ * [[एलएफपी]] सर्वश्रेष्ठ स्ट्राइकर: २००८-०९ * [[ओन्ज डी' ओर]]: २००९ * [[फिफा बेलोन डी' ओर]]: २००९, २०१०,२०११,२०१२ * [[फिफा वर्ष खेलाडी]]: २००९ * [[फिफा क्लब विश्वकप गोल्डन बल]]: २००९ * [[टोयोटा पुरस्कार]]: २००९ * [[फिफा वर्षको विश्व युवा खेलाडी]]: १९९६, १९९७, २००२ * [[फिफाप्रो वर्षको विश्व खेलाडी]]: २००८-०९ * [[विश्वकप गोल्डेन बल]] २०१४ * [[फिफा बेलोन डी’ओर]] २०१५ == नोट == <references group="nb"></references> == सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू == {{सन्दर्भसूची}} ==बाह्य कडीहरू== {{Commonscat|Lionel Messi|लियोनेल मेसी}} * [http://www.fcbarcelona.com/web/english/futbol/temporada_09-10/plantilla/jugadors/messi.html लियोनल मेसीको जीवनी]{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110903171616/http://www.fcbarcelona.com/web/english/futbol/temporada_09-10/plantilla/jugadors/messi.html |date=2011-09-03 }} बार्सिलोना फुटबल क्लबको आधिकारिक वेबसाइटमा * [http://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/statisticsandrecords/players/player=229397/index.html लियोनल मेसीको खेल तथ्याङ्क] फिफा डटकममा * [http://www.football-lineups.com/players/player.php?route=9 जानकारी ] - फुटबल लाइनअफ डटकममा * [https://worldcupbest.com/news/lionel-messi/ लियोनल मेस्सी] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220826165735/https://worldcupbest.com/news/lionel-messi/ |date=2022-08-26 }} - पेलेको कीर्तिमान मेस्सीले तोडे {{फिफा वर्षको सर्वोत्कृष्ट खेलाडीहरू}} {{ढाँचा:Argentina squad 2022 FIFA World Cup}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Messi, Lionel}} [[श्रेणी:अर्जेन्टिनाका फुटबल खेलाडीहरू]] [[श्रेणी:फिफा विश्वकप विजेता कप्तानहरू]] [[श्रेणी:जीवित मानिसहरू]] [[श्रेणी:सन् १९८७ मा जन्म]] [[श्रेणी:बेलोन डी' ओर विजेताहरू]] [[श्रेणी:ला लिगा खेलाडीहरू]] [[श्रेणी:एफसी बार्सिलोनाका खेलाडीहरू]] [[श्रेणी:२०२६ फिफा विश्वकपका खेलाडीहरू]] eh1xb84gn2zuskp60duqsm8q2gie8bk 0 43333 1365937 1345966 2026-07-14T04:39:42Z पर्वत सुवेदी 31224 पृष्ठको सबै सामाग्रीहरू हटाइ पृष्ठ खाली गरीँदै 1365937 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 1365946 1365937 2026-07-14T05:03:17Z पर्वत सुवेदी 31224 /* */ 1365946 wikitext text/x-wiki {{छोटो विवरण|हिन्दु धर्मकी प्रेमकी देवी र भगवान श्रीकृष्णकी मुख्य सङ्गी}} {{Infobox deity | type = हिन्दु | name = राधा | other_names = <!--Only add significant names--> माधवी, केशवी, श्रीजी, श्यामा, किशोरी, राधारानी, राधे | deity_of = [[प्रकृति (हिन्दु दर्शन)|मूलप्रकृति]] - आदि देवी<ref name="Diana Dimitrova 2018">{{cite book|title=Divinizing in South Asian Traditions|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4HHbtAEACAAJ |author=Diana Dimitrova|publisher=Routledge |year=2018|isbn=978-0-8153-5781-0|quote=Radha is mentioned as the personification of the Mūlaprakriti, the 'Root nature, that original seed from which all material forms evolved}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Vemsani|2016|p=222}}: "The Devibhagvata purana and Padma purana describe Radha's cosmological role as Prakriti and Shakti"</ref> <br /> जगन्माता (आदिमाता)<ref>{{cite book|title=Hindu Goddesses |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hgTOZEyrVtIC |author=David R. Kinsley|publisher=Motilala Banarsidass |year=1986|pages=91|isbn=978-81-208-0394-7 |quote= "Radha is called mother of the world and Krishna father of the world"}}</ref><br /> ह्लादिनी शक्ति ("आनन्ददायिनी ऊर्जा")<ref>{{cite book|author=Wendy Doniger|title=Merriam-Webster's Encyclopedia of World Religions |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780877790440|url-access=registration|year=1999|publisher=Merriam-Webster|isbn=978-0-87779-044-0|page=900}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title= Mask and Creative Symbolisation in Contemporary Oriya Literature: Krishna, Radha and Ahalya|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/23341400|author=Prafulla Kumar Mohanty|journal=Indian Literature |year=2003|volume=2 |issue=214 |publisher=Sahitya Akademi|pages=182|jstor=23341400 |quote=Radha is the power of joy, the Hladini shakti of Krishna}}</ref><br /> प्रेम, करुणा र भक्तिकी देवी<ref>{{cite book|title=Alternative Krishnas: Regional and Vernacular Variations on a Hindu Deity|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0SJ73GHSCF8C&pg=PA65 |author=Guy Beck|publisher=SUNY Press|year=2005|pages=64–81|isbn=978-0-7914-6415-1 |quote=Radha is goddess of love to Krishna}}</ref><br>[[कृष्ण धर्म]]की सर्वोच्च देवी<ref>{{cite book|title=Krishna: A Sourcebook|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=HVDqCkW1WpUC|author=Edwin Francis Bryant|publisher=SUNY Press|year=2007|pages=443| isbn=978-0-19-803400-1 |quote=Significant manifestation of the feminine in Vaishnavism...the supreme goddess Radha, the favorite ''gopi'' of Krishna}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title= Religion in India|url=https://academic.oup.com/jaar/article-abstract/XLIV/2/366-a/680648?redirectedFrom=fulltext&login=false |author= Roy C Amore|journal= Journal of the American Academy of Religion|year=1976|volume= 14|issue= 2|page= 366|quote=Radha as Prakriti comes to supreme prominence, assuming epithets of transcendence - Brahmasvarupa, Nirguna... }}</ref> | image = Radharani 10.JPG | caption = [[इस्कोन मन्दिर, पुणे]]मा राधाको मूर्ति | Sanskrit_transliteration = | Devanagari = | affiliation = {{bulleted list|[[राधाकृष्ण]]|[[देवी]]|श्री[[कृष्ण]]की ह्लादिनी [[शक्ति]]|[[लक्ष्मी]]को [[अवतार]]}} | abode = {{hlist|[[गोलोक]]|[[वृन्दावन]]|[[बरसाना]]|[[वैकुण्ठ]]}} | texts = [[ब्रह्मवैवर्त पुराण]], [[देवीभागवत पुराण]], [[नारद पुराण]], [[पद्म पुराण]], [[स्कन्द पुराण]], [[शिव पुराण]], [[गीत गोविन्द]], [[गोपाल तापनी उपनिषद्]], [[गर्ग संहिता]], [[ब्रह्म संहिता]], [[चैतन्य चरितामृत]] | birth_place = | parents = {{ubl|[[वृषभानु]] (पिता)|कीर्तिदा (माता){{sfn|Menzies|2006|p=54}}}} | symbol = सुनौलो कमल | consort = [[कृष्ण]] | festivals = {{hlist|[[राधाष्टमी]]|[[होली]]|[[शरद पूर्णिमा]]|[[कार्तिक पूर्णिमा]]|[[गोपाष्टमी]]|[[लठमार होली]]|[[झुलन पूर्णिमा]]}} | mantra = {{bulleted list|''ॐ ह्रीं राधिकायै नमः''|''ॐ राधायै स्वाहा''|''ॐ ह्रीं श्रीं राधिकायै स्वाहा''}}<ref>{{cite book|title=Brahma Vaivarta Purana|url=https://archive.org/details/brahma-vaivarta-purana-gitapress-hindi/page/n305/mode/1up|author= Ved Vyaas|publisher=Gita Press, Gorakhpur|pages=297}}</ref> | gender = महिला | dynasty = [[यदुवंश]]-[[चन्द्रवंश]] | member_of = [[प्रकृति (हिन्दु दर्शन)|पञ्च प्रकृति]]<ref>{{cite journal|title= The Purāṇas (A History of Indian Literature|url= https://www.academia.edu/26399308|author= Ludo Rocher|journal= Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies|year=1988|volume= 51|issue= 2|page= 355}}</ref> | venerated_in = [[राधावल्लभ सम्प्रदाय]], [[निम्बार्क सम्प्रदाय]], [[गौडीय वैष्णव सम्प्रदाय]], [[पुष्टिमार्ग]], [[महानम सम्प्रदाय]], [[मणिपुरी वैष्णव सम्प्रदाय]], [[स्वामीनारायण सम्प्रदाय]], [[वैष्णव-सहजिया]], हरिदासी सम्प्रदाय{{sfn|Vemsani|2016|pp=222–223}} | avatar_birth = रावल, [[बरसाना]] (हालको [[उत्तर प्रदेश]], [[भारत]]) | day = [[शुक्रवार]] }} {{Hinduism}} {{Vaishnavism}} '''राधा''' जसलाई '''राधिका''' पनि भनिन्छ, एक [[हिन्दु देवी]] र भगवान [[कृष्ण]]की मुख्य सङ्गी हुन्। उनी प्रेम, कोमलता, करुणा र भक्तिकी देवी हुन्। शास्त्रहरूमा राधालाई [[लक्ष्मी]]को [[अवतार]]<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Jones |first=Naamleela Free |date=2015 |title=From Gods To Gamers: The Manifestation of the Avatar Throughout Religious History and Postmodern Culture |url=https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4mn5k202 |journal=Berkeley Undergraduate Journal |language=en |volume=28 |issue=2 |page=8 |doi=10.5070/B3282028582|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Gokhale |first1=Namita |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KWJ7DwAAQBAJ&dq=Finding+Radha%3A+The+Quest+for+Love&pg=PT8 |title=Finding Radha: The Quest for Love |last2=Lal |first2=Malashri |date=2018-12-10 |publisher=Penguin Random House India Private Limited |isbn=978-93-5305-361-1 |language=en |quote=Like Sita, Radha is also a manifestation of Lakshmi.}}</ref> र श्रीकृष्णको आन्तरिक शक्ति (''ह्लादिनी [[शक्ति]]'') एवम् मूलप्रकृतिको रूपमा वर्णन गरिएको छ, जो श्रीकृष्णको स्त्री स्वरूप र आन्तरिक सामर्थ्य हुन्।<ref name="Diana Dimitrova 2018"/><ref name=":4"/><ref>{{Cite book |last=Bryant |first=Edwin Francis |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CIDawAEACAAJ |title=Krishna: A Sourcebook |date=2007 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-514892-3 |pages=551 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kar |first=Nishamani |date=2001 |title=Sriradha: A Study |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/23344745 |journal=Indian Literature |volume=45 |issue=2 (202) |pages=184–192 |jstor=23344745 |issn=0019-5804}}</ref><ref name=":5"/> राधाले श्रीकृष्णका हरेक अवतारहरूमा उनलाई साथ दिन्छिन्।<ref>{{Cite book |last=Vyasadeva |url=https://archive.org/details/NaradaPancaratraPart2/Narada%20Pancaratra%20part%202/page/n446/mode/1up |title=Narada Pancaratra Part 2 |date=2015-06-18 |pages=448 |quote=Whenever Sri Hari appears in this world, Sri Radhika appears with him}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Farquhar |first=J. N. |date=1926 |title=The Narada Pancharatra |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25221011 |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland |issue=3 |pages=492–495 |jstor=25221011 |issn=0035-869X}}</ref> राधाको जन्मोत्सव हरेक वर्ष [[राधाष्टमी]]को अवसरमा मनाइन्छ।{{sfn|Vemsani|2016|p=223}}<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mohanty |first=Prafulla Kumar |date=2003 |title=Mask and Creative Symbolisation in Contemporary Oriya Literature: Krishna, Radha and Ahalya |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/23341400 |journal=Indian Literature |volume=47 |issue=2 (214) |pages=181–189 |jstor=23341400 |issn=0019-5804}}</ref> प्रेमिका सङ्गी र विवाहित सङ्गी गरी श्रीकृष्णसँगको सम्बन्धका आधारमा राधाको दुईवटा रूपको व्याख्या गरिएको पाइन्छ। [[निम्बार्क सम्प्रदाय]] जस्ता परम्पराहरूले राधालाई श्रीकृष्णको शाश्वत सङ्गी र विवाहित पत्नीको रूपमा पूजा गर्छन्।<ref name=":7">{{Cite journal |last=Farquhar |first=J. N. |date=1926 |title=The Narada Pancharatra |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland |issue=3 |pages=492–495 |issn=0035-869X |jstor=25221011}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Bhattacharya |first=Sunil Kumar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SyyNIL7Ug2kC&q=chaitanya+c&pg=PA14 |title=Krishna-cult in Indian Art |date=1996 |publisher=M.D. Publications Pvt. Ltd. |isbn=978-81-7533-001-6 |pages=13 |language=en |quote=Radha is the eternal consort and wedded wife of Krishna, who lives forever with him in Goloka.}}</ref>{{sfn|Lochtefeld|2002|p=542}}{{sfn|Jones|Ryan|2007|p=341|loc=Radha}} यसको विपरीत, [[गौडीय वैष्णव सम्प्रदाय]] जस्ता परम्पराहरूले उनलाई कृष्णको प्रेमिका र दिव्य सङ्गीको रूपमा सम्मान गर्छन्।<ref name="britannica2">{{cite encyclopedia |title=Radha |encyclopedia=[[इन्साइक्लोपिडिया ब्रिटानिका]] अनलाइन |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Radha-Hindu-mythology |access-date=2020-12-13}}</ref>{{sfn|Lochtefeld|2002|p=542}} [[राधावल्लभ सम्प्रदाय]] र हरिदासी सम्प्रदायमा राधालाई मात्र [[ब्रह्म|सर्वोच्च सत्ता]]को रूपमा पूजा गरिन्छ।{{sfnm|1a1=White|1y=1977|1p=|2a1=Snell|2y=1991|2loc=chapter1|3a1=Rosenstein|3y=1998|3p= |4a1=Beck|4y=2005|4p=|Vemsani|2016|5p=222}} अन्यत्र, उनलाई निम्बार्क सम्प्रदाय, [[पुष्टिमार्ग]], [[महानम सम्प्रदाय]], [[स्वामीनारायण सम्प्रदाय]], [[वैष्णव-सहजिया]], [[मणिपुरी वैष्णव सम्प्रदाय]], र [[चैतन्य महाप्रभु]]सँग जोडिएका गौडीय वैष्णव सम्प्रदायहरूमा श्रीकृष्णको प्रमुख सङ्गीको रूपमा पूजा गरिन्छ।{{sfnm|1a1=Hawley|1a2=Wulff|1y=1982|1pp=xiii–xviii|Dalal|2010|2pp=321–322|Hayes|2005|3pp=19–32|Vemsani|2016|4p=221}} राधालाई ''[[ब्रज]]का [[गोपी|गोपीहरू]]'' (ब्रजका गोपिनीहरू) की प्रमुख र [[वृन्दावन]] तथा [[बरसाना]] सहित [[गोलोक]] र ब्रजकी रानीको रूपमा वर्णन गरिएको छ।{{sfn|Lochtefeld|2002|p=542}} उनले थुप्रै साहित्यिक कृतिहरूलाई प्रेरित गरेकी छिन्, र श्रीकृष्णसँगको उनको [[रासलीला]] नृत्यले विभिन्न प्रकारका प्रदर्शन कलाहरूलाई प्रेरित गरेको छ।{{sfn|Archer|2004}}{{sfn|Hawley|Wulff|1982|pp=xiii–xviii}}<ref name="britannica2"/>{{sfn|Pintchman|2005|pp=46–47}} == व्युत्पत्ति र उपनामहरू == [[File:RadhaKrishnaUdaipur.JPG|thumb|राजस्थानको [[उदयपुर]]मा रहेको राधा (दायाँ) र कृष्ण (बायाँ, बाँसुरी बजाउँदै) को १४औँ शताब्दीको भित्तेचित्र।]] संस्कृत शब्द राधाको अर्थ "समृद्धि, सफलता, पूर्णता र धन" भन्ने हुन्छ।<ref name=mmwradha>Monier Monier-Williams, [http://www.ibiblio.org/sripedia/ebooks/mw/0900/mw__0909.html Rādhā], Sanskrit-English Dictionary with Etymology, Oxford University Press, page 876</ref><ref name=sen434>Sukumar Sen (1943), "Etymology of the name Radha-Krishana," Indian Linguistics, Vol. 8, pp. 434–435</ref>{{sfn|Miller|1975|pp=655–671}} यो भारतका प्राचीन तथा मध्यकालीन ग्रन्थहरूमा विभिन्न सन्दर्भहरूमा पाइने एक सामान्य शब्द र नाम हो। यो शब्द [[वेद|वैदिक]] साहित्यका साथै [[हिन्दु महाकाव्यहरू]]मा पनि देखा पर्दछ, तर यसको निश्चित उत्पत्ति ठम्याउन गाह्रो छ।{{sfn|Miller|1975|pp=655–671}} यो नाम महाकाव्य ''[[महाभारत]]'' की एक पात्रका लागि पनि प्रयोग भएको छ।<ref name=mmwradha/> 'राधिका'ले राधाको प्रिय वा मायालु रूपलाई जनाउँछ।<ref name=mmwradha /> ''[[गर्ग संहिता]]'' को १५औँ अध्याय, ''[[गोलोक]] खण्ड'' मा महर्षि गर्गले राधा नामको पूर्ण अर्थ विस्तारमा बताएका छन्। राधा शब्दमा, 'र' ले ''रमा'' अर्थात् देवी [[लक्ष्मी]]लाई जनाउँछ, 'आ' ले ''[[गोपी]]हरू'' लाई जनाउँछ, 'ध' ले ''धरा'' अर्थात् देवी [[भूमि (देवी)|भूदेवी]]लाई जनाउँछ र अन्तिम 'आ' ले ''विराजा नदी'' (जसलाई [[यमुना नदी|''यमुना'']] पनि भनिन्छ) लाई प्रतीक गर्दछ।<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gita Press Gorakhpur |url=http://archive.org/details/garga-samhita-gita-press-gorakhpur |title=Garga Samhita Gita Press Gorakhpur |pages=58}}</ref> ''[[पञ्चरात्र|नारद पञ्चरात्र]]'' को पाँचौँ अध्याय, ''पाँचौँ रात्रि'' मा 'श्री राधा सहस्रनाम स्तोत्रम्' शीर्षक अन्तर्गत राधाका १००८ नामहरू उल्लेख गरिएको छ।<ref>{{Cite book |last=Swami Vijnanananda |url=https://archive.org/details/swami-vijnanananda-1997.-narada-pancharatram-english-translation-with-sanskrit-text/page/300/mode/1up |title=Swami Vijnanananda ( 1997). ' Narada Pancharatram English Translation With Sanskrit Text' |date=1997 |pages=301}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Vyasadeva |url=http://archive.org/details/NaradaPancaratraPart2 |title=Narada Pancaratra Part 2 |date=2015-06-18 |pages=447–503}}</ref> ''[[नारद पुराण]]'' को ६८औँ अध्याय, 'तृतीय पाद' मा पनि राधाका ५०० नामहरूको सूची दिइएको छ।<ref name=":13"/> केही सामान्य नाम र उपनामहरू यस प्रकार छन्:<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sri Radha-sahasra-nama, The Thousand Names of Sri Radha |url=http://www.stephen-knapp.com/sri_radha-sahasra-nama.htm |access-date=2024-08-21 |website=www.stephen-knapp.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Śrī Rādhā Sahasranāma—English translation |url=http://www.vrindavan.de/1000-radha.htm |access-date=2024-08-21 |website=www.vrindavan.de}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Swami Vijnanananda |url=https://archive.org/details/swami-vijnanananda-1997.-narada-pancharatram-english-translation-with-sanskrit-text/page/n602/mode/1up |title=Narada Pancharatram English Translation With Sanskrit Text |date=1997 |pages=300, 603–614 |language=Sanskrit |trans-title="On the thousand names of Sri Radhika"}}</ref><ref name=":13" /> * ''[[श्री]]'', ''श्रीजी'', ''श्रीजी'': कान्ति, वैभव र धनकी देवी; [[लक्ष्मी]] * ''माधवी'': माधवको स्त्री स्वरूप * ''केशवी'': [[केशव]]को स्त्री स्वरूप * ''अपराजिता'': जसलाई कसैले जित्न सक्दैन (अजेय) * ''किशोरी'': सधैँ युवावस्थामै रहने * ''नित्या'': जो शाश्वत हुनुहुन्छ * ''नित्य-गेहिनी'': कृष्णकी शाश्वत पत्नी * ''[[गोपी]]'': गोपिनी * ''श्यामा'': [[श्याम]]की प्रिय * ''गौराङ्गी'': चम्किलो सुन जस्तै गोरो वर्ण भएकी * ''रासेश्वरी'' र ''रास-प्रिया'': [[रासलीला]]की रानी र रास नृत्य मन पराउने * ''वृन्दावनेश्वरी'': [[वृन्दावन]]की रानी * ''कृष्णेश्वरी'': कृष्णको स्त्री स्वरूप == पौराणिक कथाहरू == === गोपिनीको रूपमा === मानवीय रूपमा राधालाई वृन्दावनकी एक गोपिनी ([[गोपी]]) को रूपमा पुजिन्छ, जो कृष्णकी परम प्रिय बन्छिन्। राधाको एक मुख्य विशेषता भनेको कृष्णप्रतिको उनको निस्स्वार्थ प्रेम र विरहको पीडा हो, जसले गर्दा राधालाई भक्तिको सर्वोच्च आदर्शको रूपमा सम्मान गरिन्छ।{{sfn|Pauwels|1996}} ==== जन्म र प्रारम्भिक जीवन ==== [[File:Bal Radha.jpg|thumb|रावल, उत्तर प्रदेश स्थित "श्री राधा रानी जन्मस्थान मन्दिर" मा बाल रूपमा राधाको मूर्ति (विग्रह)।]] राधाको जन्म [[बरसाना]]का [[यदुवंश|यादव]] राजा [[वृषभानु]] र उनकी पत्नी कीर्तिदाको कोखबाट भएको थियो।<ref name="Saraswati2001">{{cite book|author=Prakashanand Saraswati|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IhLN2I9yTTkC&q=vrishbhanu%20barsana&pg=PA666|title=The True History and the Religion of India: A Concise Encyclopedia of Authentic Hinduism|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publ.|year=2001|isbn=978-81-208-1789-0|pages=666–}}</ref><ref name="Varma2009">{{cite book|author=Pavan K. Varma|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_anlsbp56aoC&pg=PA46|title=The Book of Krishna|date=July 2009|publisher=Penguin Books India|isbn=978-0-14-306763-4|pages=46–}}</ref><ref name="Vishwananda2017">{{cite book|author=Paramahamsa Sri Swami Vishwananda|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CJ3JDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT1472|title=Shreemad Bhagavad Gita: The Song of Love|date=12 January 2017|publisher=Bhakti Marga Publications|isbn=978-3-940381-70-5|pages=1472–}}</ref> उनको जन्मस्थल [[उत्तर प्रदेश]]को [[गोकुल]] नजिकै अवस्थित एक सानो सहर रावल हो, तर उनी हुर्केको स्थान बरसाना भएकाले धेरैजसो बरसानालाई नै उनको जन्मस्थल मान्ने गर्छन्।<ref>{{Cite book |last=Anand |first=D. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EsvSwdUgQYcC |title=Krishna: The Living God of Braj |date=1992 |publisher=Abhinav Publications |isbn=978-81-7017-280-2 |pages=66 |language=en}}</ref> प्रचलित कथा अनुसार, राजा वृषभानुले राधालाई [[यमुना]] नदीमा तैरिरहेको एक दैवीय प्रकाशयुक्त हजार पत्रदल भएको कमलको फूलमा फेला पारेका थिए। राधा कृष्णभन्दा नौ महिना जेठी छिन्।<ref>{{Cite book |last=Anand |first=D. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EsvSwdUgQYcC&q=radha&pg=PA61 |title=Krishna: The Living God of Braj |date=1992 |publisher=Abhinav Publications |isbn=978-81-7017-280-2 |pages=35–36 |language=en |quote=Radha was only nine months elder to Krishna, to whom she was married.}}</ref> कृष्ण आफैँ बाल रूपमा उनको अगाडि प्रकट नभएसम्म राधाले आफ्ना आँखाहरू खोलेकी थिइनन्।<ref name="Dash">{{cite book|author=Trilochan Dash|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7YjhTtkcwE0C&q=Brushabhanu%20Yadav%20chieftain&pg=PA192|title=Krishna Leeela in Brajamandal a Retrospect|publisher=Soudamini Dash|pages=192–|id=GGKEY:N5C1YTUK5T3}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NbDWAAAAMAAJ&q=vrishabhanu+yadava|title=The Vedanta Kesari|publisher=Sri Ramakrishna Math.|year=1970}}</ref><ref name="Das1990">{{cite book|author=R. K. Das|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OXXXAAAAMAAJ&q=vrishabhanu+yadav|title=Temples of Vrindaban|publisher=Sandeep Prakashan|year=1990|isbn=978-81-85067-47-6}}</ref> "अष्टसखी" (आठ जना साथीहरू) राधाको बाल्यकाल र युवावस्थाका अभिन्न अङ्ग हुन्।<ref>{{Cite web |last=gaudiya |date=2021-08-07 |title=Ashta Sakhi of Radha—8 Principal Gopis of Vrindavan |url=https://thegaudiyatreasuresofbengal.com/2021/08/07/ashta-sakhi-of-sri-radha-eight-gopis-of-vrindavan/ |access-date=2023-07-06 |website=The Gaudiya Treasures of Bengal |language=en-US}}</ref> यी सबै अष्टसखीहरू राधा कृष्णका परम मित्र हुन् र उनीहरू पनि [[गोलोक]]बाट ब्रज क्षेत्रमा अवतरित भएका हुन् भन्ने विश्वास गरिन्छ। यी आठ सखीहरूमध्ये [[ललिता सखी|ललिता]] र विशाखा प्रमुख हुन्।<ref>{{Cite web|title=Radhe.net {{!}} General Description of All The Gopis|url=http://radhe.net/radhas-friends/general-description.php|access-date=2021-05-30|website=radhe.net}}</ref> ''[[चैतन्य चरितामृत]]'' को अन्त्य लीला (२:६:११६) अनुसार, राधाले आफ्नो बाल्यकालमा महर्षि [[दुर्वासा]]बाट एक वरदान पाएकी थिइन् थियो, जसअनुसार उनले जे पकाए पनि त्यो अमृतभन्दा पनि मिठो हुने गर्दथ्यो।<ref>{{Cite web|title=gp-durvasas|url=https://www.salagram.net/gp-durvasas.htm|access-date=2021-05-30|website=www.salagram.net}}</ref> ==== युवावस्था ==== [[File:Radha, Krishna and the gopis, Bharatiya Lok Kala Museum, Udaipur, India.jpg|thumb|upright|गोपिनीहरूसँग [[राधाकृष्ण]]को रासलीला।]] राधाको युवावस्थाका कथाहरू कृष्णसँगका उनका दिव्य लीलाहरूले भरिएका छन्।<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Fahy|first=John|date=2018-07-23|title=The Constructive Ambiguity of Vedic Culture in ISKCON Mayapur|journal=The Journal of Hindu Studies|volume=11|issue=3|pages=234–259|doi=10.1093/jhs/hiy008|issn=1756-4255}}</ref> राधाकृष्णका केही प्रसिद्ध लीलाहरूमा: ''[[रासलीला]]'', ''राधा कुण्ड''का लीलाहरू, ''[[गोपाष्टमी]] लीला'',<ref>{{Cite web|title=Gopastami – ISKCON VRINDAVAN|url=https://iskconvrindavan.com/2017/10/gopastami/|access-date=2021-05-30|language=en-US}}</ref> ''[[लठमार होली]]'', ''सेवा कुञ्ज लीला'' (जसमा कृष्णले राधाको शृङ्गार गरेका हुन्छन्),<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sewa Kunj or Nikunja Vana - Divine Pastimes|url=https://brajrasik.org/articles/5912a87b11ec2c04484ec006/sewa-kunj-or-nikunja-vana-divine-pastimes|access-date=2021-05-30|website=Braj Ras - Bliss of Braj Vrindavan.}}</ref> ''मान लीला'' (दिव्य प्रेमको एक विशेष अवस्था जहाँ भक्तको भगवानप्रति यति धेरै प्रेम विकास हुन्छ कि उसले भगवानसँग रिसाउने अधिकार समेत प्राप्त गर्छ),<ref>{{Cite web|title=Maan Garh/Mandir, Barsana - (Divine Pastimes)|url=https://brajrasik.org/articles/588e4c1158f4ac271a08b95c/maan-garh-mandir-divine-pastimes|access-date=2021-05-30|website=Braj Ras - Bliss of Braj Vrindavan.}}</ref> ''मोर कुटिर लीला'' (जसमा कृष्णले राधालाई प्रसन्न तुल्याउन मयूरको भेष धारण गरेर नृत्य गरिएको),<ref>{{Cite web|title=Morkuti, Barsana|url=https://brajrasik.org/media/morkuti|access-date=2021-05-30|website=Braj Ras - Bliss of Braj Vrindavan.}}</ref> ''गोपदेवी लीला'' (राधालाई भेट्न कृष्णले महिलाको रूप धारण गरेको लीला) र ''लीलाहाव'' (जसमा राधा र कृष्णले एकअर्काको लुगा लगाएका) सामेल छन्।<ref>{{Cite web|title=(Radha and Krishna Dressed in Each Other's Clothes - Lilahava|url=http://www.harekrsna.de/clothes-exchange.htm|access-date=2021-05-30|website=www.harekrsna.de}}</ref> ==== कृष्णसँगको सम्बन्ध ==== राधा र कृष्णबिच दुई प्रकारको सम्बन्ध रहेको मानिन्छ: परकीय (सामाजिक बन्धनभन्दा बाहिरको प्रेम) र स्वकीय (विवाहित सम्बन्ध)।{{efn|परकीय रसले त्यस्तो सम्बन्धलाई जनाउँछ जुन कुनै पनि प्रकारको स्वार्थ, अपेक्षा, नियम र सामाजिक मान्यताबाट मुक्त हुन्छ। यो केवल निस्स्वार्थ प्रेममा आधारित हुन्छ र यसलाई भगवानसँग राख्न सकिने सर्वोच्च सम्बन्ध मानिन्छ। स्वकीय रसले वैवाहिक सम्बन्धलाई जनाउँछ जुन सामाजिक नियम र मान्यता अनुसार चल्छ।}} राधाले कृष्णलाई आफूसँग किन विवाह गर्न किन नससेको भनेर प्रश्न गर्दा कृष्णले "विवाह दुई आत्माको मिलन हो। तिमी र म त एउटै आत्मा हौँ, म आफैँसँग कसरी विवाह गर्न सक्छु? भनेर उत्तर दिन्छन्।{{sfn|Pauwels|2008|pp=13–14}} धेरै हिन्दु ग्रन्थहरूले यी परिस्थितिहरूलाई सङ्केत गर्छन्।{{Sfn|Kinsley|1988}} [[File:Radha Krishna Bhandirvan 2.jpg|thumb|वृन्दावनको भाण्डीरवनमा ब्रह्माद्वारा राधा कृष्णको विवाह गराइँदै]] संस्कृत ग्रन्थहरू, ''[[ब्रह्मवैवर्त पुराण]]'' र ''[[गर्ग संहिता]]'' मा उल्लेख भए अनुसार, कृष्णले वृन्दावन छोड्नुअघि ''भाण्डीरवन'' जङ्गलमा [[ब्रह्मा]]को उपस्थितिमा राधासँग गोप्य रूपमा विवाह गर्छन्।<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gita Press Gorakhpur |url=https://archive.org/details/brahma-vaivarta-puran-gita-press-gurakhpur/page/n490/mode/1up |title=Brahma Vaivarta Puran Gita Press Gorakhpur |pages=481–488}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Gita Press Gorakhpur |url=https://archive.org/details/garga-samhita-gita-press-gurakhpur/page/n61/mode/1up |title=Garga Samhita by Gita Press Gorakhpur |pages=58}}</ref> राधा र कृष्णको विवाह भएको सो स्थान अहिले पनि वृन्दावनको बाहिरी भागमा अवस्थित छ, जसलाई 'भाण्डीरवन राधा कृष्ण विवाह स्थली' भनिन्छ।<ref name=":1" /> ब्रह्मवैवर्त पुराणको कथाले राधा सधैँ कृष्णकी दिव्य सङ्गी रहेको सङ्केत गर्छ। तर स्वकीय (वैवाहिक सम्बन्ध) भन्दा परकीय सम्बन्ध (सामाजिक बन्धनविहीन प्रेम) लाई बढी महत्त्व दिनका लागि राधा कृष्णको विवाहलाई गोप्य राखिएको हुन्छ।{{sfn|Beck|2005|pp=71, 77–78}}{{sfn|Pintchman|2005|pp=57–59}}{{sfn|Varma|1993|p=}}{{sfn|Pauwels|2008|p=207}} ==== कृष्णले वृन्दावन छोडेपछिको जीवन ==== ''[[गर्ग संहिता]]'' र ''[[ब्रह्मवैवर्त पुराण]]'' अनुसार, कृष्णको प्रस्थानपछि राधाले पनि आफ्नो घर छाड्छिन् र बरसानामा आफ्नो भ्रामक रूप (जसलाई ''छाया राधा'' वा उहाँको प्रतिबिम्ब भनिन्छ) छोडेर कदली वन तर्फ लाग्छिन्। राधाले आफ्ना [[अष्टसखी]]हरूसँगै यसै जङ्गलमा [[उद्धव]]लाई भेट्छिन्, जसले उनीहरूलाई कृष्णको सन्देश सुनाउँछन्।<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gita Press Gorakhpur |url=https://archive.org/details/garga-samhita-gita-press-gurakhpur/page/n222/mode/1up |title=Garga Samhita by Gita Press Gorakhpur |pages=217–224}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Gita Press Gorakhpur |url=https://archive.org/details/brahma-vaivarta-puran-gita-press-gurakhpur/page/n728/mode/1up |title=Brahma Vaivarta Puran by Gita Press Gorakhpur |pages=717–720}}</ref> ==== कृष्णसँगको पुनर्मिलन ==== [[File:Radha and Krsna Seated in a Grove with Gopis and Gopas.jpg|thumb|वनमा कृष्णलाई भेट्दै राधा र गोपिनीहरू।]] ब्रह्मवैवर्त पुराण (''कृष्णजन्म खण्ड, अध्याय ९६'')<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gita Press Gorakhpur |url=https://archive.org/details/brahma-vaivarta-puran-gita-press-gurakhpur/page/n795/mode/1up |title=Brahma Vaivarta Puran by Gita Press Gorakhpur |pages=786}}</ref> र गर्ग संहिता (''अश्वमेध खण्ड, अध्याय ४१'')<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gita Press Gorakhpur |url=https://archive.org/details/garga-samhita-gita-press-gurakhpur/page/n512/mode/1up |title=Garga Samhita by Gita Press Gorakhpur |pages=508–510}}</ref> मा उल्लेख भए अनुसार, १०० वर्षको विरहको श्राप समाप्त भएपछि,{{efn|गर्ग संहिता र ब्रह्मवैवर्त पुराणका अनुसार, पृथ्वीमा अवतरण हुँदा राधालाई गोलोकमा श्रीदामाले कृष्णसँग १०० वर्षको विरह भोग्नुपर्ने श्राप दिएका थिए।}} कृष्णले पुनः ब्रजको भ्रमण गरी राधा र गोपिनीहरूलाई भेट्छन्। केही समयसम्म दिव्य लीलाहरू गरेपछि, कृष्णले एउटा विशाल दिव्य रथ बोलाउँछन्, जसले ब्रजवासीहरूका साथै राधा र गोपिनीहरूलाई उनीहरूको परम धाम गोलोक लिएर जान्छ, जहाँ राधा र कृष्णको अन्तिम पुनर्मिलन हुन्छ।<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gita Press Gorakhpur |url=https://archive.org/details/garga-samhita-gita-press-gurakhpur/page/n564/mode/1up |title=Garga Samhita by Gita Press Gorakhpur |pages=560–561}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Gita Press Gorakhpur |url=https://archive.org/details/brahma-vaivarta-puran-gita-press-gurakhpur/page/n799/mode/1up |title=Brahma Vaivarta Puran by Gita Press Gorakhpur |pages=790–791}}</ref>{{Sfn|Dalal|2010|p=322}} == सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू == {{सन्दर्भसूची}} == बाह्य कडीहरू == {{Spoken Wikipedia|En-Radha-article.ogg|date=2016-11-13}} {{Commons category|Rādhā|राधा}} {{Wikiquote}} * [https://www.encyclopedia.com/philosophy-and-religion/eastern-religions/hinduism/radha राधा] — इन्साइक्लोपिडिया डटकमम * [https://web.archive.org/web/20001205155300/http://www.asia.si.edu/devi/index.htm हिन्दु धर्ममा देवी (राधा सहित)], आर्थर एम. स्याक्लर ग्यालेरी र फ्रिर ग्यालेरी अफ आर्ट, स्मिथसोनियन इन्स्टिच्युसन, वासिङ्टन, डिसी * [https://web.archive.org/web/20170414081614/http://www.religion-online.org/showarticle.asp?title=146&$NMW_TRANS$=ext ब्रह्माण्डको कामुक लीलामा राधा], डेभिड सी. स्कट, युनाइटेड थियोलोजिकल कलेज, बङ्गलोर {{हिन्दु देवी देवता}} {{हिन्दु धर्म}} {{Krishna}} [[श्रेणी:कृष्णका पत्नीहरू]] [[श्रेणी:हिन्दु देवीहरू]] g33ci3f5d3w2njkuh2bxxlk7ilqx5d4 1365947 1365946 2026-07-14T05:03:56Z पर्वत सुवेदी 31224 1365947 wikitext text/x-wiki {{छोटो विवरण|हिन्दु धर्मकी प्रेमकी देवी र भगवान श्रीकृष्णकी मुख्य सङ्गी}} {{Infobox deity | type = हिन्दु | name = राधा | other_names = <!--Only add significant names--> माधवी, केशवी, श्रीजी, श्यामा, किशोरी, राधारानी, राधे | deity_of = [[प्रकृति (हिन्दु दर्शन)|मूलप्रकृति]] - आदि देवी<ref name="Diana Dimitrova 2018">{{cite book|title=Divinizing in South Asian Traditions|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4HHbtAEACAAJ |author=Diana Dimitrova|publisher=Routledge |year=2018|isbn=978-0-8153-5781-0|quote=Radha is mentioned as the personification of the Mūlaprakriti, the 'Root nature, that original seed from which all material forms evolved}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Vemsani|2016|p=222}}: "The Devibhagvata purana and Padma purana describe Radha's cosmological role as Prakriti and Shakti"</ref> <br /> जगन्माता (आदिमाता)<ref>{{cite book|title=Hindu Goddesses |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hgTOZEyrVtIC |author=David R. Kinsley|publisher=Motilala Banarsidass |year=1986|pages=91|isbn=978-81-208-0394-7 |quote= "Radha is called mother of the world and Krishna father of the world"}}</ref><br /> ह्लादिनी शक्ति ("आनन्ददायिनी ऊर्जा")<ref>{{cite book|author=Wendy Doniger|title=Merriam-Webster's Encyclopedia of World Religions |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780877790440|url-access=registration|year=1999|publisher=Merriam-Webster|isbn=978-0-87779-044-0|page=900}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title= Mask and Creative Symbolisation in Contemporary Oriya Literature: Krishna, Radha and Ahalya|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/23341400|author=Prafulla Kumar Mohanty|journal=Indian Literature |year=2003|volume=2 |issue=214 |publisher=Sahitya Akademi|pages=182|jstor=23341400 |quote=Radha is the power of joy, the Hladini shakti of Krishna}}</ref><br /> प्रेम, करुणा र भक्तिकी देवी<ref>{{cite book|title=Alternative Krishnas: Regional and Vernacular Variations on a Hindu Deity|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0SJ73GHSCF8C&pg=PA65 |author=Guy Beck|publisher=SUNY Press|year=2005|pages=64–81|isbn=978-0-7914-6415-1 |quote=Radha is goddess of love to Krishna}}</ref><br>[[कृष्ण धर्म]]की सर्वोच्च देवी<ref>{{cite book|title=Krishna: A Sourcebook|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=HVDqCkW1WpUC|author=Edwin Francis Bryant|publisher=SUNY Press|year=2007|pages=443| isbn=978-0-19-803400-1 |quote=Significant manifestation of the feminine in Vaishnavism...the supreme goddess Radha, the favorite ''gopi'' of Krishna}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title= Religion in India|url=https://academic.oup.com/jaar/article-abstract/XLIV/2/366-a/680648?redirectedFrom=fulltext&login=false |author= Roy C Amore|journal= Journal of the American Academy of Religion|year=1976|volume= 14|issue= 2|page= 366|quote=Radha as Prakriti comes to supreme prominence, assuming epithets of transcendence - Brahmasvarupa, Nirguna... }}</ref> | image = Radharani 10.JPG | caption = [[इस्कोन मन्दिर, पुणे]]मा राधाको मूर्ति | Sanskrit_transliteration = | Devanagari = | affiliation = {{bulleted list|[[राधाकृष्ण]]|[[देवी]]|श्री[[कृष्ण]]की ह्लादिनी [[शक्ति]]|[[लक्ष्मी]]को [[अवतार]]}} | abode = {{hlist|[[गोलोक]]|[[वृन्दावन]]|[[बरसाना]]|[[वैकुण्ठ]]}} | texts = [[ब्रह्मवैवर्त पुराण]], [[देवीभागवत पुराण]], [[नारद पुराण]], [[पद्म पुराण]], [[स्कन्द पुराण]], [[शिव पुराण]], [[गीत गोविन्द]], [[गोपाल तापनी उपनिषद्]], [[गर्ग संहिता]], [[ब्रह्म संहिता]], [[चैतन्य चरितामृत]] | birth_place = | parents = {{ubl|[[वृषभानु]] (पिता)|कीर्तिदा (माता){{sfn|Menzies|2006|p=54}}}} | symbol = सुनौलो कमल | consort = [[कृष्ण]] | festivals = {{hlist|[[राधाष्टमी]]|[[होली]]|[[शरद पूर्णिमा]]|[[कार्तिक पूर्णिमा]]|[[गोपाष्टमी]]|[[लठमार होली]]|[[झुलन पूर्णिमा]]}} | mantra = {{bulleted list|''ॐ ह्रीं राधिकायै नमः''|''ॐ राधायै स्वाहा''|''ॐ ह्रीं श्रीं राधिकायै स्वाहा''}}<ref>{{cite book|title=Brahma Vaivarta Purana|url=https://archive.org/details/brahma-vaivarta-purana-gitapress-hindi/page/n305/mode/1up|author= Ved Vyaas|publisher=Gita Press, Gorakhpur|pages=297}}</ref> | gender = महिला | dynasty = [[यदुवंश]]-[[चन्द्रवंश]] | member_of = [[प्रकृति (हिन्दु दर्शन)|पञ्च प्रकृति]]<ref>{{cite journal|title= The Purāṇas (A History of Indian Literature|url= https://www.academia.edu/26399308|author= Ludo Rocher|journal= Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies|year=1988|volume= 51|issue= 2|page= 355}}</ref> | venerated_in = [[राधावल्लभ सम्प्रदाय]], [[निम्बार्क सम्प्रदाय]], [[गौडीय वैष्णव सम्प्रदाय]], [[पुष्टिमार्ग]], [[महानम सम्प्रदाय]], [[मणिपुरी वैष्णव सम्प्रदाय]], [[स्वामीनारायण सम्प्रदाय]], [[वैष्णव-सहजिया]], हरिदासी सम्प्रदाय{{sfn|Vemsani|2016|pp=222–223}} | avatar_birth = रावल, [[बरसाना]] (हालको [[उत्तर प्रदेश]], [[भारत]]) | day = [[शुक्रवार]] }} {{Hinduism}} {{Vaishnavism}} '''राधा''' जसलाई '''राधिका''' पनि भनिन्छ, एक [[हिन्दु देवी]] र भगवान [[कृष्ण]]की मुख्य सङ्गी हुन्। उनी प्रेम, कोमलता, करुणा र भक्तिकी देवी हुन्। शास्त्रहरूमा राधालाई [[लक्ष्मी]]को [[अवतार]]<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Jones |first=Naamleela Free |date=2015 |title=From Gods To Gamers: The Manifestation of the Avatar Throughout Religious History and Postmodern Culture |url=https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4mn5k202 |journal=Berkeley Undergraduate Journal |language=en |volume=28 |issue=2 |page=8 |doi=10.5070/B3282028582|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Gokhale |first1=Namita |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KWJ7DwAAQBAJ&dq=Finding+Radha%3A+The+Quest+for+Love&pg=PT8 |title=Finding Radha: The Quest for Love |last2=Lal |first2=Malashri |date=2018-12-10 |publisher=Penguin Random House India Private Limited |isbn=978-93-5305-361-1 |language=en |quote=Like Sita, Radha is also a manifestation of Lakshmi.}}</ref> र श्रीकृष्णको आन्तरिक शक्ति (''ह्लादिनी [[शक्ति]]'') एवम् मूलप्रकृतिको रूपमा वर्णन गरिएको छ, जो श्रीकृष्णको स्त्री स्वरूप र आन्तरिक सामर्थ्य हुन्।<ref name="Diana Dimitrova 2018"/><ref name=":4"/><ref>{{Cite book |last=Bryant |first=Edwin Francis |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CIDawAEACAAJ |title=Krishna: A Sourcebook |date=2007 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-514892-3 |pages=551 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kar |first=Nishamani |date=2001 |title=Sriradha: A Study |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/23344745 |journal=Indian Literature |volume=45 |issue=2 (202) |pages=184–192 |jstor=23344745 |issn=0019-5804}}</ref><ref name=":5"/> राधाले श्रीकृष्णका हरेक अवतारहरूमा उनलाई साथ दिन्छिन्।<ref>{{Cite book |last=Vyasadeva |url=https://archive.org/details/NaradaPancaratraPart2/Narada%20Pancaratra%20part%202/page/n446/mode/1up |title=Narada Pancaratra Part 2 |date=2015-06-18 |pages=448 |quote=Whenever Sri Hari appears in this world, Sri Radhika appears with him}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Farquhar |first=J. N. |date=1926 |title=The Narada Pancharatra |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25221011 |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland |issue=3 |pages=492–495 |jstor=25221011 |issn=0035-869X}}</ref> राधाको जन्मोत्सव हरेक वर्ष [[राधाष्टमी]]को अवसरमा मनाइन्छ।{{sfn|Vemsani|2016|p=223}}<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mohanty |first=Prafulla Kumar |date=2003 |title=Mask and Creative Symbolisation in Contemporary Oriya Literature: Krishna, Radha and Ahalya |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/23341400 |journal=Indian Literature |volume=47 |issue=2 (214) |pages=181–189 |jstor=23341400 |issn=0019-5804}}</ref> प्रेमिका सङ्गी र विवाहित सङ्गी गरी श्रीकृष्णसँगको सम्बन्धका आधारमा राधाको दुईवटा रूपको व्याख्या गरिएको पाइन्छ। [[निम्बार्क सम्प्रदाय]] जस्ता परम्पराहरूले राधालाई श्रीकृष्णको शाश्वत सङ्गी र विवाहित पत्नीको रूपमा पूजा गर्छन्।<ref name=":7">{{Cite journal |last=Farquhar |first=J. N. |date=1926 |title=The Narada Pancharatra |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland |issue=3 |pages=492–495 |issn=0035-869X |jstor=25221011}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Bhattacharya |first=Sunil Kumar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SyyNIL7Ug2kC&q=chaitanya+c&pg=PA14 |title=Krishna-cult in Indian Art |date=1996 |publisher=M.D. Publications Pvt. Ltd. |isbn=978-81-7533-001-6 |pages=13 |language=en |quote=Radha is the eternal consort and wedded wife of Krishna, who lives forever with him in Goloka.}}</ref>{{sfn|Lochtefeld|2002|p=542}}{{sfn|Jones|Ryan|2007|p=341|loc=Radha}} यसको विपरीत, [[गौडीय वैष्णव सम्प्रदाय]] जस्ता परम्पराहरूले उनलाई कृष्णको प्रेमिका र दिव्य सङ्गीको रूपमा सम्मान गर्छन्।<ref name="britannica2">{{cite encyclopedia |title=Radha |encyclopedia=[[इन्साइक्लोपिडिया ब्रिटानिका]] अनलाइन |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Radha-Hindu-mythology |access-date=2020-12-13}}</ref>{{sfn|Lochtefeld|2002|p=542}} [[राधावल्लभ सम्प्रदाय]] र हरिदासी सम्प्रदायमा राधालाई मात्र [[ब्रह्म|सर्वोच्च सत्ता]]को रूपमा पूजा गरिन्छ।{{sfnm|1a1=White|1y=1977|1p=|2a1=Snell|2y=1991|2loc=chapter1|3a1=Rosenstein|3y=1998|3p= |4a1=Beck|4y=2005|4p=|Vemsani|2016|5p=222}} अन्यत्र, उनलाई निम्बार्क सम्प्रदाय, [[पुष्टिमार्ग]], [[महानम सम्प्रदाय]], [[स्वामीनारायण सम्प्रदाय]], [[वैष्णव-सहजिया]], [[मणिपुरी वैष्णव सम्प्रदाय]], र [[चैतन्य महाप्रभु]]सँग जोडिएका गौडीय वैष्णव सम्प्रदायहरूमा श्रीकृष्णको प्रमुख सङ्गीको रूपमा पूजा गरिन्छ।{{sfnm|1a1=Hawley|1a2=Wulff|1y=1982|1pp=xiii–xviii|Dalal|2010|2pp=321–322|Hayes|2005|3pp=19–32|Vemsani|2016|4p=221}} राधालाई ''[[ब्रज]]का [[गोपी|गोपीहरू]]'' (ब्रजका गोपिनीहरू) की प्रमुख र [[वृन्दावन]] तथा [[बरसाना]] सहित [[गोलोक]] र ब्रजकी रानीको रूपमा वर्णन गरिएको छ।{{sfn|Lochtefeld|2002|p=542}} उनले थुप्रै साहित्यिक कृतिहरूलाई प्रेरित गरेकी छिन्, र श्रीकृष्णसँगको उनको [[रासलीला]] नृत्यले विभिन्न प्रकारका प्रदर्शन कलाहरूलाई प्रेरित गरेको छ।{{sfn|Archer|2004}}{{sfn|Hawley|Wulff|1982|pp=xiii–xviii}}<ref name="britannica2"/>{{sfn|Pintchman|2005|pp=46–47}} == व्युत्पत्ति र उपनामहरू == [[File:RadhaKrishnaUdaipur.JPG|thumb|राजस्थानको [[उदयपुर]]मा रहेको राधा (दायाँ) र कृष्ण (बायाँ, बाँसुरी बजाउँदै) को १४औँ शताब्दीको भित्तेचित्र।]] संस्कृत शब्द राधाको अर्थ "समृद्धि, सफलता, पूर्णता र धन" भन्ने हुन्छ।<ref name=mmwradha>Monier Monier-Williams, [http://www.ibiblio.org/sripedia/ebooks/mw/0900/mw__0909.html Rādhā], Sanskrit-English Dictionary with Etymology, Oxford University Press, page 876</ref><ref name=sen434>Sukumar Sen (1943), "Etymology of the name Radha-Krishana," Indian Linguistics, Vol. 8, pp. 434–435</ref>{{sfn|Miller|1975|pp=655–671}} यो भारतका प्राचीन तथा मध्यकालीन ग्रन्थहरूमा विभिन्न सन्दर्भहरूमा पाइने एक सामान्य शब्द र नाम हो। यो शब्द [[वेद|वैदिक]] साहित्यका साथै [[हिन्दु महाकाव्यहरू]]मा पनि देखा पर्दछ, तर यसको निश्चित उत्पत्ति ठम्याउन गाह्रो छ।{{sfn|Miller|1975|pp=655–671}} यो नाम महाकाव्य ''[[महाभारत]]'' की एक पात्रका लागि पनि प्रयोग भएको छ।<ref name=mmwradha/> 'राधिका'ले राधाको प्रिय वा मायालु रूपलाई जनाउँछ।<ref name=mmwradha /> ''[[गर्ग संहिता]]'' को १५औँ अध्याय, ''[[गोलोक]] खण्ड'' मा महर्षि गर्गले राधा नामको पूर्ण अर्थ विस्तारमा बताएका छन्। राधा शब्दमा, 'र' ले ''रमा'' अर्थात् देवी [[लक्ष्मी]]लाई जनाउँछ, 'आ' ले ''[[गोपी]]हरू'' लाई जनाउँछ, 'ध' ले ''धरा'' अर्थात् देवी [[भूमि (देवी)|भूदेवी]]लाई जनाउँछ र अन्तिम 'आ' ले ''विराजा नदी'' (जसलाई [[यमुना नदी|''यमुना'']] पनि भनिन्छ) लाई प्रतीक गर्दछ।<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gita Press Gorakhpur |url=http://archive.org/details/garga-samhita-gita-press-gorakhpur |title=Garga Samhita Gita Press Gorakhpur |pages=58}}</ref> ''[[पञ्चरात्र|नारद पञ्चरात्र]]'' को पाँचौँ अध्याय, ''पाँचौँ रात्रि'' मा 'श्री राधा सहस्रनाम स्तोत्रम्' शीर्षक अन्तर्गत राधाका १००८ नामहरू उल्लेख गरिएको छ।<ref>{{Cite book |last=Swami Vijnanananda |url=https://archive.org/details/swami-vijnanananda-1997.-narada-pancharatram-english-translation-with-sanskrit-text/page/300/mode/1up |title=Swami Vijnanananda ( 1997). ' Narada Pancharatram English Translation With Sanskrit Text' |date=1997 |pages=301}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Vyasadeva |url=http://archive.org/details/NaradaPancaratraPart2 |title=Narada Pancaratra Part 2 |date=2015-06-18 |pages=447–503}}</ref> ''[[नारद पुराण]]'' को ६८औँ अध्याय, 'तृतीय पाद' मा पनि राधाका ५०० नामहरूको सूची दिइएको छ।<ref name=":13"/> केही सामान्य नाम र उपनामहरू यस प्रकार छन्:<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sri Radha-sahasra-nama, The Thousand Names of Sri Radha |url=http://www.stephen-knapp.com/sri_radha-sahasra-nama.htm |access-date=2024-08-21 |website=www.stephen-knapp.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Śrī Rādhā Sahasranāma—English translation |url=http://www.vrindavan.de/1000-radha.htm |access-date=2024-08-21 |website=www.vrindavan.de}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Swami Vijnanananda |url=https://archive.org/details/swami-vijnanananda-1997.-narada-pancharatram-english-translation-with-sanskrit-text/page/n602/mode/1up |title=Narada Pancharatram English Translation With Sanskrit Text |date=1997 |pages=300, 603–614 |language=Sanskrit |trans-title="On the thousand names of Sri Radhika"}}</ref><ref name=":13" /> * ''[[श्री]]'', ''श्रीजी'', ''श्रीजी'': कान्ति, वैभव र धनकी देवी; [[लक्ष्मी]] * ''माधवी'': माधवको स्त्री स्वरूप * ''केशवी'': [[केशव]]को स्त्री स्वरूप * ''अपराजिता'': जसलाई कसैले जित्न सक्दैन (अजेय) * ''किशोरी'': सधैँ युवावस्थामै रहने * ''नित्या'': जो शाश्वत हुनुहुन्छ * ''नित्य-गेहिनी'': कृष्णकी शाश्वत पत्नी * ''[[गोपी]]'': गोपिनी * ''श्यामा'': [[श्याम]]की प्रिय * ''गौराङ्गी'': चम्किलो सुन जस्तै गोरो वर्ण भएकी * ''रासेश्वरी'' र ''रास-प्रिया'': [[रासलीला]]की रानी र रास नृत्य मन पराउने * ''वृन्दावनेश्वरी'': [[वृन्दावन]]की रानी * ''कृष्णेश्वरी'': कृष्णको स्त्री स्वरूप == पौराणिक कथाहरू == === गोपिनीको रूपमा === मानवीय रूपमा राधालाई वृन्दावनकी एक गोपिनी ([[गोपी]]) को रूपमा पुजिन्छ, जो कृष्णकी परम प्रिय बन्छिन्। राधाको एक मुख्य विशेषता भनेको कृष्णप्रतिको उनको निस्स्वार्थ प्रेम र विरहको पीडा हो, जसले गर्दा राधालाई भक्तिको सर्वोच्च आदर्शको रूपमा सम्मान गरिन्छ।{{sfn|Pauwels|1996}} ==== जन्म र प्रारम्भिक जीवन ==== [[File:Bal Radha.jpg|thumb|रावल, उत्तर प्रदेश स्थित "श्री राधा रानी जन्मस्थान मन्दिर" मा बाल रूपमा राधाको मूर्ति (विग्रह)।]] राधाको जन्म [[बरसाना]]का [[यदुवंश|यादव]] राजा [[वृषभानु]] र उनकी पत्नी कीर्तिदाको कोखबाट भएको थियो।<ref name="Saraswati2001">{{cite book|author=Prakashanand Saraswati|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IhLN2I9yTTkC&q=vrishbhanu%20barsana&pg=PA666|title=The True History and the Religion of India: A Concise Encyclopedia of Authentic Hinduism|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publ.|year=2001|isbn=978-81-208-1789-0|pages=666–}}</ref><ref name="Varma2009">{{cite book|author=Pavan K. Varma|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_anlsbp56aoC&pg=PA46|title=The Book of Krishna|date=July 2009|publisher=Penguin Books India|isbn=978-0-14-306763-4|pages=46–}}</ref><ref name="Vishwananda2017">{{cite book|author=Paramahamsa Sri Swami Vishwananda|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CJ3JDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT1472|title=Shreemad Bhagavad Gita: The Song of Love|date=12 January 2017|publisher=Bhakti Marga Publications|isbn=978-3-940381-70-5|pages=1472–}}</ref> उनको जन्मस्थल [[उत्तर प्रदेश]]को [[गोकुल]] नजिकै अवस्थित एक सानो सहर रावल हो, तर उनी हुर्केको स्थान बरसाना भएकाले धेरैजसो बरसानालाई नै उनको जन्मस्थल मान्ने गर्छन्।<ref>{{Cite book |last=Anand |first=D. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EsvSwdUgQYcC |title=Krishna: The Living God of Braj |date=1992 |publisher=Abhinav Publications |isbn=978-81-7017-280-2 |pages=66 |language=en}}</ref> प्रचलित कथा अनुसार, राजा वृषभानुले राधालाई [[यमुना]] नदीमा तैरिरहेको एक दैवीय प्रकाशयुक्त हजार पत्रदल भएको कमलको फूलमा फेला पारेका थिए। राधा कृष्णभन्दा नौ महिना जेठी छिन्।<ref>{{Cite book |last=Anand |first=D. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EsvSwdUgQYcC&q=radha&pg=PA61 |title=Krishna: The Living God of Braj |date=1992 |publisher=Abhinav Publications |isbn=978-81-7017-280-2 |pages=35–36 |language=en |quote=Radha was only nine months elder to Krishna, to whom she was married.}}</ref> कृष्ण आफैँ बाल रूपमा उनको अगाडि प्रकट नभएसम्म राधाले आफ्ना आँखाहरू खोलेकी थिइनन्।<ref name="Dash">{{cite book|author=Trilochan Dash|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7YjhTtkcwE0C&q=Brushabhanu%20Yadav%20chieftain&pg=PA192|title=Krishna Leeela in Brajamandal a Retrospect|publisher=Soudamini Dash|pages=192–|id=GGKEY:N5C1YTUK5T3}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NbDWAAAAMAAJ&q=vrishabhanu+yadava|title=The Vedanta Kesari|publisher=Sri Ramakrishna Math.|year=1970}}</ref><ref name="Das1990">{{cite book|author=R. K. Das|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OXXXAAAAMAAJ&q=vrishabhanu+yadav|title=Temples of Vrindaban|publisher=Sandeep Prakashan|year=1990|isbn=978-81-85067-47-6}}</ref> "अष्टसखी" (आठ जना साथीहरू) राधाको बाल्यकाल र युवावस्थाका अभिन्न अङ्ग हुन्।<ref>{{Cite web |last=gaudiya |date=2021-08-07 |title=Ashta Sakhi of Radha—8 Principal Gopis of Vrindavan |url=https://thegaudiyatreasuresofbengal.com/2021/08/07/ashta-sakhi-of-sri-radha-eight-gopis-of-vrindavan/ |access-date=2023-07-06 |website=The Gaudiya Treasures of Bengal |language=en-US}}</ref> यी सबै अष्टसखीहरू राधा कृष्णका परम मित्र हुन् र उनीहरू पनि [[गोलोक]]बाट ब्रज क्षेत्रमा अवतरित भएका हुन् भन्ने विश्वास गरिन्छ। यी आठ सखीहरूमध्ये [[ललिता सखी|ललिता]] र विशाखा प्रमुख हुन्।<ref>{{Cite web|title=Radhe.net {{!}} General Description of All The Gopis|url=http://radhe.net/radhas-friends/general-description.php|access-date=2021-05-30|website=radhe.net}}</ref> ''[[चैतन्य चरितामृत]]'' को अन्त्य लीला (२:६:११६) अनुसार, राधाले आफ्नो बाल्यकालमा महर्षि [[दुर्वासा]]बाट एक वरदान पाएकी थिइन् थियो, जसअनुसार उनले जे पकाए पनि त्यो अमृतभन्दा पनि मिठो हुने गर्दथ्यो।<ref>{{Cite web|title=gp-durvasas|url=https://www.salagram.net/gp-durvasas.htm|access-date=2021-05-30|website=www.salagram.net}}</ref> ==== युवावस्था ==== [[File:Radha, Krishna and the gopis, Bharatiya Lok Kala Museum, Udaipur, India.jpg|thumb|upright|गोपिनीहरूसँग [[राधाकृष्ण]]को रासलीला।]] राधाको युवावस्थाका कथाहरू कृष्णसँगका उनका दिव्य लीलाहरूले भरिएका छन्।<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Fahy|first=John|date=2018-07-23|title=The Constructive Ambiguity of Vedic Culture in ISKCON Mayapur|journal=The Journal of Hindu Studies|volume=11|issue=3|pages=234–259|doi=10.1093/jhs/hiy008|issn=1756-4255}}</ref> राधाकृष्णका केही प्रसिद्ध लीलाहरूमा: ''[[रासलीला]]'', ''राधा कुण्ड''का लीलाहरू, ''[[गोपाष्टमी]] लीला'',<ref>{{Cite web|title=Gopastami – ISKCON VRINDAVAN|url=https://iskconvrindavan.com/2017/10/gopastami/|access-date=2021-05-30|language=en-US}}</ref> ''[[लठमार होली]]'', ''सेवा कुञ्ज लीला'' (जसमा कृष्णले राधाको शृङ्गार गरेका हुन्छन्),<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sewa Kunj or Nikunja Vana - Divine Pastimes|url=https://brajrasik.org/articles/5912a87b11ec2c04484ec006/sewa-kunj-or-nikunja-vana-divine-pastimes|access-date=2021-05-30|website=Braj Ras - Bliss of Braj Vrindavan.}}</ref> ''मान लीला'' (दिव्य प्रेमको एक विशेष अवस्था जहाँ भक्तको भगवानप्रति यति धेरै प्रेम विकास हुन्छ कि उसले भगवानसँग रिसाउने अधिकार समेत प्राप्त गर्छ),<ref>{{Cite web|title=Maan Garh/Mandir, Barsana - (Divine Pastimes)|url=https://brajrasik.org/articles/588e4c1158f4ac271a08b95c/maan-garh-mandir-divine-pastimes|access-date=2021-05-30|website=Braj Ras - Bliss of Braj Vrindavan.}}</ref> ''मोर कुटिर लीला'' (जसमा कृष्णले राधालाई प्रसन्न तुल्याउन मयूरको भेष धारण गरेर नृत्य गरिएको),<ref>{{Cite web|title=Morkuti, Barsana|url=https://brajrasik.org/media/morkuti|access-date=2021-05-30|website=Braj Ras - Bliss of Braj Vrindavan.}}</ref> ''गोपदेवी लीला'' (राधालाई भेट्न कृष्णले महिलाको रूप धारण गरेको लीला) र ''लीलाहाव'' (जसमा राधा र कृष्णले एकअर्काको लुगा लगाएका) सामेल छन्।<ref>{{Cite web|title=(Radha and Krishna Dressed in Each Other's Clothes - Lilahava|url=http://www.harekrsna.de/clothes-exchange.htm|access-date=2021-05-30|website=www.harekrsna.de}}</ref> ==== कृष्णसँगको सम्बन्ध ==== राधा र कृष्णबिच दुई प्रकारको सम्बन्ध रहेको मानिन्छ: परकीय (सामाजिक बन्धनभन्दा बाहिरको प्रेम) र स्वकीय (विवाहित सम्बन्ध)।{{efn|परकीय रसले त्यस्तो सम्बन्धलाई जनाउँछ जुन कुनै पनि प्रकारको स्वार्थ, अपेक्षा, नियम र सामाजिक मान्यताबाट मुक्त हुन्छ। यो केवल निस्स्वार्थ प्रेममा आधारित हुन्छ र यसलाई भगवानसँग राख्न सकिने सर्वोच्च सम्बन्ध मानिन्छ। स्वकीय रसले वैवाहिक सम्बन्धलाई जनाउँछ जुन सामाजिक नियम र मान्यता अनुसार चल्छ।}} राधाले कृष्णलाई आफूसँग किन विवाह गर्न किन नससेको भनेर प्रश्न गर्दा कृष्णले "विवाह दुई आत्माको मिलन हो। तिमी र म त एउटै आत्मा हौँ, म आफैँसँग कसरी विवाह गर्न सक्छु? भनेर उत्तर दिन्छन्।{{sfn|Pauwels|2008|pp=13–14}} धेरै हिन्दु ग्रन्थहरूले यी परिस्थितिहरूलाई सङ्केत गर्छन्।{{Sfn|Kinsley|1988}} [[File:Radha Krishna Bhandirvan 2.jpg|thumb|वृन्दावनको भाण्डीरवनमा ब्रह्माद्वारा राधा कृष्णको विवाह गराइँदै]] संस्कृत ग्रन्थहरू, ''[[ब्रह्मवैवर्त पुराण]]'' र ''[[गर्ग संहिता]]'' मा उल्लेख भए अनुसार, कृष्णले वृन्दावन छोड्नुअघि ''भाण्डीरवन'' जङ्गलमा [[ब्रह्मा]]को उपस्थितिमा राधासँग गोप्य रूपमा विवाह गर्छन्।<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gita Press Gorakhpur |url=https://archive.org/details/brahma-vaivarta-puran-gita-press-gurakhpur/page/n490/mode/1up |title=Brahma Vaivarta Puran Gita Press Gorakhpur |pages=481–488}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Gita Press Gorakhpur |url=https://archive.org/details/garga-samhita-gita-press-gurakhpur/page/n61/mode/1up |title=Garga Samhita by Gita Press Gorakhpur |pages=58}}</ref> राधा र कृष्णको विवाह भएको सो स्थान अहिले पनि वृन्दावनको बाहिरी भागमा अवस्थित छ, जसलाई 'भाण्डीरवन राधा कृष्ण विवाह स्थली' भनिन्छ।<ref name=":1" /> ब्रह्मवैवर्त पुराणको कथाले राधा सधैँ कृष्णकी दिव्य सङ्गी रहेको सङ्केत गर्छ। तर स्वकीय (वैवाहिक सम्बन्ध) भन्दा परकीय सम्बन्ध (सामाजिक बन्धनविहीन प्रेम) लाई बढी महत्त्व दिनका लागि राधा कृष्णको विवाहलाई गोप्य राखिएको हुन्छ।{{sfn|Beck|2005|pp=71, 77–78}}{{sfn|Pintchman|2005|pp=57–59}}{{sfn|Varma|1993|p=}}{{sfn|Pauwels|2008|p=207}} ==== कृष्णले वृन्दावन छोडेपछिको जीवन ==== ''[[गर्ग संहिता]]'' र ''[[ब्रह्मवैवर्त पुराण]]'' अनुसार, कृष्णको प्रस्थानपछि राधाले पनि आफ्नो घर छाड्छिन् र बरसानामा आफ्नो भ्रामक रूप (जसलाई ''छाया राधा'' वा उहाँको प्रतिबिम्ब भनिन्छ) छोडेर कदली वन तर्फ लाग्छिन्। राधाले आफ्ना [[अष्टसखी]]हरूसँगै यसै जङ्गलमा [[उद्धव]]लाई भेट्छिन्, जसले उनीहरूलाई कृष्णको सन्देश सुनाउँछन्।<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gita Press Gorakhpur |url=https://archive.org/details/garga-samhita-gita-press-gurakhpur/page/n222/mode/1up |title=Garga Samhita by Gita Press Gorakhpur |pages=217–224}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Gita Press Gorakhpur |url=https://archive.org/details/brahma-vaivarta-puran-gita-press-gurakhpur/page/n728/mode/1up |title=Brahma Vaivarta Puran by Gita Press Gorakhpur |pages=717–720}}</ref> ==== कृष्णसँगको पुनर्मिलन ==== [[File:Radha and Krsna Seated in a Grove with Gopis and Gopas.jpg|thumb|वनमा कृष्णलाई भेट्दै राधा र गोपिनीहरू।]] ब्रह्मवैवर्त पुराण (''कृष्णजन्म खण्ड, अध्याय ९६'')<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gita Press Gorakhpur |url=https://archive.org/details/brahma-vaivarta-puran-gita-press-gurakhpur/page/n795/mode/1up |title=Brahma Vaivarta Puran by Gita Press Gorakhpur |pages=786}}</ref> र गर्ग संहिता (''अश्वमेध खण्ड, अध्याय ४१'')<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gita Press Gorakhpur |url=https://archive.org/details/garga-samhita-gita-press-gurakhpur/page/n512/mode/1up |title=Garga Samhita by Gita Press Gorakhpur |pages=508–510}}</ref> मा उल्लेख भए अनुसार, १०० वर्षको विरहको श्राप समाप्त भएपछि,{{efn|गर्ग संहिता र ब्रह्मवैवर्त पुराणका अनुसार, पृथ्वीमा अवतरण हुँदा राधालाई गोलोकमा श्रीदामाले कृष्णसँग १०० वर्षको विरह भोग्नुपर्ने श्राप दिएका थिए।}} कृष्णले पुनः ब्रजको भ्रमण गरी राधा र गोपिनीहरूलाई भेट्छन्। केही समयसम्म दिव्य लीलाहरू गरेपछि, कृष्णले एउटा विशाल दिव्य रथ बोलाउँछन्, जसले ब्रजवासीहरूका साथै राधा र गोपिनीहरूलाई उनीहरूको परम धाम गोलोक लिएर जान्छ, जहाँ राधा र कृष्णको अन्तिम पुनर्मिलन हुन्छ।<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gita Press Gorakhpur |url=https://archive.org/details/garga-samhita-gita-press-gurakhpur/page/n564/mode/1up |title=Garga Samhita by Gita Press Gorakhpur |pages=560–561}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Gita Press Gorakhpur |url=https://archive.org/details/brahma-vaivarta-puran-gita-press-gurakhpur/page/n799/mode/1up |title=Brahma Vaivarta Puran by Gita Press Gorakhpur |pages=790–791}}</ref>{{Sfn|Dalal|2010|p=322}} == टिप्पणीहरू == <references group="lower-alpha"/> == सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू == {{सन्दर्भसूची}} == बाह्य कडीहरू == {{Spoken Wikipedia|En-Radha-article.ogg|date=2016-11-13}} {{Commons category|Rādhā|राधा}} {{Wikiquote}} * [https://www.encyclopedia.com/philosophy-and-religion/eastern-religions/hinduism/radha राधा] — इन्साइक्लोपिडिया डटकमम * [https://web.archive.org/web/20001205155300/http://www.asia.si.edu/devi/index.htm हिन्दु धर्ममा देवी (राधा सहित)], आर्थर एम. स्याक्लर ग्यालेरी र फ्रिर ग्यालेरी अफ आर्ट, स्मिथसोनियन इन्स्टिच्युसन, वासिङ्टन, डिसी * [https://web.archive.org/web/20170414081614/http://www.religion-online.org/showarticle.asp?title=146&$NMW_TRANS$=ext ब्रह्माण्डको कामुक लीलामा राधा], डेभिड सी. स्कट, युनाइटेड थियोलोजिकल कलेज, बङ्गलोर {{हिन्दु देवी देवता}} {{हिन्दु धर्म}} {{Krishna}} [[श्रेणी:कृष्णका पत्नीहरू]] [[श्रेणी:हिन्दु देवीहरू]] o9ctv1eznkdity01e3rcldpo8b34cyp 0 46409 1365936 1340501 2026-07-14T04:38:32Z पर्वत सुवेदी 31224 [[विकिपिडिया:हटक्याट|हटक्याट]]द्वारा [[श्रेणी:हिन्दु पौराणिक कथामा महिलाहरू]] जोडियो 1365936 wikitext text/x-wiki {{छोटो विवरण|हिन्दु महाकाव्य महाभारतमा पाण्डवहरूको आमा}} {{Infobox deity | type = हिन्दु | member_of = [[पञ्चकन्या]] | image = File:The Festival of Cakes.jpg | caption = नन्दलाल बोसद्वारा निर्मित २०औँ शताब्दीको चित्र, जसमा कुन्तीले पाण्डवहरूलाई खुवाउँदै गरेको देखाइएको छ। | gender = महिला | devanagari = कुन्ती | other_names = पृथा | parents = [[शूरसेन]] (पिता)<br/>मायूरी (माता)<br/>[[कुन्तिभोज]] (धर्मपुत्र पाल्ने बुबा) | siblings = * [[वसुदेव]] र अन्य १३ जना (दाजुभाइ तथा दिदीबहिनी) * पुरुजित (धर्मभाइ) | spouse = [[पाण्डु]] | children = '''छोराहरू'''{{bulleted list|[[सूर्य (देवता)|सूर्य]] द्वारा [[कर्ण]] (विवाह पूर्व)|[[यम (हिन्दू धर्म)|धर्मराज]] द्वारा [[युधिष्ठिर]]|[[वायु]] द्वारा [[भीम (महाभारत)|भीम]]|[[इन्द्र]] द्वारा [[अर्जुन]]}} '''सौतेनी छोराहरू'''{{bulleted list|[[नकुल]] र [[सहदेव]]}} | affiliation = [[पञ्चकन्या]] | dynasty = यादव वंश (जन्मद्वारा)<br/>कुरु वंश (विवाहद्वारा) }} '''कुन्ती''' जसलाई '''पृथा''' पनि भनिन्छ, प्राचीन संस्कृत महाकाव्य [[महाभारत]]की एक प्रमुख पात्र हुन्। यादव वंशकी राजकुमारी उनी कुरु राज्यका राजा [[पाण्डु]]की पत्नी र पाँच [[पाण्डव]]हरूकी आमाका रूपमा चिनिन्छिन् जसमा उनले तीन जेठा छोराहरू, [[युधिष्ठिर]], [[भीम (महाभारत)|भीम]], र [[अर्जुन]]लाई जन्म दिएकी थिइन् र आफ्ना सौतेनी छोराहरू [[नकुल]] र [[सहदेव]]लाई आफ्नै सन्तान सरह पालनपोषण गरेकी थिइन्। कुन्ती महाकाव्यका ती थोरै महिला पात्रहरूमध्ये एक हुन् जसको प्रारम्भिक जीवनको विस्तृत वर्णन गरिएको छ। [[शूरसेन]]की छोरीका रूपमा जन्मेकी उनलाई उनका निसन्तान ठूलोबुबा [[कुन्तिभोज]]ले धर्मपुत्रीका रूपमा ग्रहण गरेका थिए। आफ्नो किशोरावस्थामा उनले ऋषि [[दुर्वासा]]को सेवा गरेबापत एउटा दिव्य मन्त्र प्राप्त गरेकी थिइन्, जसको माध्यमबाट उनले कुनै पनि देवतालाई आह्वान गरी उनीहरूबाट सन्तान प्राप्त गर्न सक्थिन्। कौतुहलतावश उनले सूर्य देवलाई आह्वान गर्दा उनको पहिलो छोरा [[कर्ण]]को जन्म भएको थियो। विवाहपूर्व सन्तान जन्माउँदा समाजमा हुने बदनामीको डरले उनले कर्णलाई जन्मनेबित्तिकै त्यागिदिएकी थिइन्। कुन्तीले [[कुरु वंश]]मा महत्त्वपूर्ण भूमिका खेलेकी छन्। पाण्डुसँग विवाह गरेपछि, जसलाई संभोग गर्दा मृत्यु हुने श्राप थियो, कुन्तीले पाण्डुकै आग्रहमा [[नियोग]] प्रथा अनुसार धर्मराज, वायु र इन्द्रलाई आह्वान गरेर युधिष्ठिर, भीम र अर्जुनलाई जन्म दिएकी थिइन्। पछि उनले यो मन्त्र आफ्नी सौता [[माद्री]]लाई पनि सिकाएकी थिइन्, जसबाट नकुल र सहदेवको जन्म भएको थियो। पाण्डुको मृत्यु र माद्रीको [[सती प्रथा|सती]] पछि, कुन्तीले पाँचै छोराहरूको जिम्मेवारी सम्हाल्दै उनीहरूलाई कुरु साम्राज्यको राजधानी [[हस्तिनापुर]]मा हुर्काएकी थिइन्। कुन्तीको एउटा भनाइको गलत बुझाइका कारण पाञ्चालकी राजकुमारी [[द्रौपदी]]को विवाह पाँचै पाण्डव भाइसँग हुन पुगेको थियो। पाण्डवहरू निर्वासनमा जानुअघि उनी [[इन्द्रप्रस्थ]]को राजमाताको रूपमा रहेकी थिइन्। [[कुरुक्षेत्रको युद्ध]] भन्दा अगाडि कुन्तीले कर्णलाई भेटेर उनको वास्तविक जन्मको रहस्य उजागर गर्दै उनलाई पाण्डव पक्षमा आउन आग्रह गरेकी थिइन्। कर्णले पक्ष परिवर्तन गर्न अस्वीकार गरे तापनि अर्जुनबाहेक अन्य छोराहरूलाई नमार्ने वचन दिएका थिए। युद्धमा पाण्डवहरूको विजयपछि, कुन्तीले कर्णको वास्तविक पहिचान आफ्ना छोराहरूलाई बताएकी थिइन्। अन्त्यमा उनी कुरु वंशका अन्य वृद्ध सदस्यहरूसँगै वनवास गएकी थिइन् जहाँ वनमा लागेको डढेलोमा परी उनको मृत्यु भएको थियो। हिन्दु परम्परामा कुन्तीलाई '[[पञ्चकन्या]] मध्ये एक मानिन्छ, जसले नारी पवित्रताको आदर्शलाई प्रतिनिधित्व गर्छिन्। उनको नाम स्मरण गर्दा पाप नाश हुने विश्वास गरिन्छ। कुन्तीलाई उनको बुद्धि, सुन्दरता, दूरदर्शिता र राजनीतिक कौशलका लागि एक कर्तव्यनिष्ठ महिलाको रूपमा प्रशंसा गरिन्छ। == जीवनी == === प्रारम्भिक जीवन === कुन्तीको जन्म [[यादव]] वंशमा भएको थियो र उनको वास्तविक नाम पृथा थियो। उनी यादव प्रमुख [[शूरसेन]]की जेठी सन्तान थिइन्। शूरसेनका अन्य धेरै सन्तानहरू थिए, जसमा [[कृष्ण]]का पिता [[वसुदेव]] सबैभन्दा प्रसिद्ध छन्।{{sfn|Hiltebeitel|2011|p=388}}{{sfn|Bhattacharya|1971|p=21}}{{Refn|कुन्तीको परिवारको थप विवरण पछिल्लो समयको ग्रन्थ ''[[भागवत पुराण]]'' मा दिइएको छ, जसले मुख्य रूपमा कृष्णको जीवनमा ध्यान केन्द्रित गर्दछ। यस विवरण अनुसार, उनकी आमाको नाम मारिषा थियो, जो [[भोज]] वंशकी राजकुमारी थिइन्। उक्त ग्रन्थमा पृथाका दश दाजुभाइ र चार दिदीबहिनी रहेको उल्लेख छ।<ref>{{Cite book |last=Tripathi |first=Kishori Sharan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g7Y2AAAAIAAJ&q=kunti+marisa |title=A Cultural Study of the Śrīmad-Bhāgavata |date=1969 |publisher=Banaras Hindu Univ. |language=en}}</ref>|group=note}} शूरसेनले आफ्नो पहिलो सन्तान आफ्ना निसन्तान भाइ तथा नजिकका मित्र [[कुन्तिभोज]]लाई दिने वचन दिएका थिए। फलस्वरूप, शूरसेनले पृथालाई कुन्तिभोजलाई धर्मपुत्रीको रूपमा सुम्पिएका थिए।{{sfn|Hiltebeitel|2011|p=388}}{{Refn|सुरुमा कुन्तिभोजलाई निसन्तान भनिए तापनि, पछि उनका छोराहरू भएको खुलासा हुन्छ—विशेष गरी उनका उत्तराधिकारी पुरुजित, जसले [[पाण्डव]]को पक्षबाट [[कुरुक्षेत्रको युद्ध]]मा भाग लिएका थिए।{{sfn|Mani|1975|p=444}}|group=note}} धर्मपुत्री बनेपछि पृथा 'कुन्ती' नामले चिनिन थाल्छिन्। उनलाई कुन्तिभोजको राजकीय दरबारमा हुर्काइन्छ, जहाँ उनले मातृस्नेह बिना नै राजकीय कर्तव्य र विभिन्न विषयको शिक्षा प्राप्त गर्छिन्। पछिल्लो जीवनमा कुन्तीले यो धर्मपुत्री बनाइने कार्यप्रति असन्तुष्टि व्यक्त गरेकी छिन्।{{sfn|Hiltebeitel|2011|p=388}}{{sfn|Bhattacharya|1971|p=21}} == टिप्पणीहरू == <references group="note"/> == सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू == {{सन्दर्भसूची}} == बाह्य कडीहरू == {{sister project links|commonscat=yes|n=no|s=no|b=no|voy=no|v=no}} {{आदर्श हिन्दू नारीहरू}} {{महाभारत}} [[श्रेणी:महाभारतका पात्रहरू]] [[श्रेणी:पञ्चकन्याहरू]] [[श्रेणी:महिला सम्पादनथन २०१५ मा बनाइएका वा सुधारिएका लेखहरू]] [[श्रेणी:हिन्दु पौराणिक कथामा महिलाहरू]] 86cap6fs8102i738zyh9o87d6zp28vk 0 47411 1365954 1270842 2026-07-14T05:23:14Z Bishaldev100 28807 1365954 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Orphan|date=सेप्टेम्बर २०१२}} {{Infobox officeholder |name =शारदासम्शेर राणा | office = शिक्षा मन्त्री | image = | honorific-suffix = | predecessor = [[नृपजङ्ग राणा]] | primeminister = [[मातृकाप्रसाद कोइराला]] | successor = [[त्रिपुरवर सिंह प्रधान]] | term_start = | term_end = | vicepresident = | footnotes = | party = | birth_date = {{birth date|1915|12|15|df=y}} | birth_place = [[लक्ष्मी निवास]] | death_date = | death_place = | spouse = | alma_mater = | awards = [[नेपाल तारा|सुप्रदीप्त मान्यवर नेपाल तारा]]<br> [[त्रिशक्ति पट्ट|ज्योतिर्मय -सुविख्यात त्रिशक्ति पट्ट]]<br>[[गोरखा दक्षिण बाहु|सुप्रसिद्द प्रबल गोरखा दक्षिण बाहु]] }} '''शारदा सम्शेर राणा''' नेपालका पूर्वमन्त्री हुन्। यिनी [[मातृकाप्रसाद कोइराला]]को २००८ मंसीर १ गतेको मन्त्रीमण्डलमा पहिलोपटक मन्त्री भएका थिए। ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== <references/> [[श्रेणी:नेपाल सरकारका पूर्व मन्त्रीहरू]] {{stub}} [[श्रेणी:चन्द्र खलक]] 43jsnffyciowczlu5rj9n01lh90y6wf 1365955 1365954 2026-07-14T05:24:37Z Bishaldev100 28807 1365955 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Orphan|date=सेप्टेम्बर २०१२}} {{Infobox officeholder |name =शारदासम्शेर राणा | office = शिक्षा मन्त्री | image = | honorific-suffix = | predecessor = [[नृपजङ्ग राणा]] | primeminister = [[मातृकाप्रसाद कोइराला]] | successor = [[त्रिपुरवर सिंह प्रधान]] | term_start = | term_end = | vicepresident = | footnotes = | party = | birth_date = {{birth date|1915|12|15|df=y}} | birth_place = [[लक्ष्मी निवास]] | death_date = | death_place = | spouse = | alma_mater = | awards = [[नेपाल तारा|सुप्रदीप्त मान्यवर नेपाल तारा]]<br> [[त्रिशक्ति पट्ट|ज्योतिर्मय -सुविख्यात त्रिशक्ति पट्ट]]<br>[[गोरखा दक्षिण बाहु|सुप्रसिद्द प्रबल गोरखा दक्षिण बाहु]] }} '''शारदा सम्शेर राणा''' नेपालका पूर्वमन्त्री हुन्। यिनी [[मातृकाप्रसाद कोइराला]]को २००८ मंसीर १ गतेको मन्त्रीमण्डलमा '''शिक्षा''' मन्त्री भएका थिए।<ref>http://www.royalark.net/Nepal/lamb10.htm</ref> ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== <references/> [[श्रेणी:नेपाल सरकारका पूर्व मन्त्रीहरू]] {{stub}} [[श्रेणी:चन्द्र खलक]] 29goehrgqdpdvpyi3cwelz7r24cnghc 1365956 1365955 2026-07-14T05:25:14Z Bishaldev100 28807 1365956 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Orphan|date=सेप्टेम्बर २०१२}} {{Infobox officeholder |name =शारदासम्शेर राणा | office = शिक्षा मन्त्री | image = | honorific-suffix = | predecessor = [[नृपजङ्ग राणा]] | primeminister = [[मातृकाप्रसाद कोइराला]] | successor = [[त्रिपुरवर सिंह प्रधान]] | term_start = | term_end = | vicepresident = | footnotes = | party = | birth_date = {{birth date|1915|12|15|df=y}} | birth_place = [[लक्ष्मी निवास]] | death_date = | death_place = | spouse = | alma_mater = | awards = [[नेपाल तारा|सुप्रदीप्त मान्यवर नेपाल तारा]]<br> [[त्रिशक्ति पट्ट|ज्योतिर्मय -सुविख्यात त्रिशक्ति पट्ट]]<br>[[गोरखा दक्षिण बाहु|सुप्रसिद्द प्रबल गोरखा दक्षिण बाहु]] }} '''शारदा सम्शेर राणा''' नेपालका पूर्वमन्त्री हुन्। यिनी [[मातृकाप्रसाद कोइराला]]को २००८ मंसीर १ गतेको मन्त्रीमण्डलमा शिक्षा-मन्त्री भएका थिए।<ref>http://www.royalark.net/Nepal/lamb10.htm</ref> ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== <references/> [[श्रेणी:नेपाल सरकारका पूर्व मन्त्रीहरू]] {{stub}} [[श्रेणी:चन्द्र खलक]] prmxm336r9qv8m3q99daofvf2rvf4x6 1365960 1365956 2026-07-14T05:33:07Z Bishaldev100 28807 1365960 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Orphan|date=सेप्टेम्बर २०१२}} {{Infobox officeholder |name =शारदासम्शेर राणा | office = शिक्षा मन्त्री | image = | honorific-suffix = | predecessor = [[नृपजङ्ग राणा]] | primeminister = [[मातृकाप्रसाद कोइराला]] | successor = [[त्रिपुरवर सिंह प्रधान]] | term_start = | term_end = | vicepresident = | footnotes = | party = | birth_date = {{birth date|1915|12|15|df=y}} | birth_place = [[लक्ष्मी निवास]] | death_date = | death_place = | spouse = | alma_mater = | awards = [[नेपाल तारा|सुप्रदीप्त मान्यवर नेपाल तारा]]<br> [[त्रिशक्ति पट्ट|ज्योतिर्मय -सुविख्यात त्रिशक्ति पट्ट]]<br>[[गोरखा दक्षिण बाहु|सुप्रसिद्द प्रबल गोरखा दक्षिण बाहु]] }} '''शारदा सम्शेर राणा''' नेपालका पूर्वमन्त्री हुन्। यिनी [[मातृकाप्रसाद कोइराला]]को २००८ मंसीर १ गतेको [[पहिलो मातृकाप्रसाद कोइराला मन्त्रिपरिषद्|मन्त्रीमण्डल]]मा शिक्षा-मन्त्री भएका थिए।<ref>http://www.royalark.net/Nepal/lamb10.htm</ref> ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== <references/> [[श्रेणी:नेपाल सरकारका पूर्व मन्त्रीहरू]] {{stub}} [[श्रेणी:चन्द्र खलक]] rw7063krheaw0wcd1qomec69eivnovg 1365961 1365960 2026-07-14T05:34:17Z Bishaldev100 28807 1365961 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Orphan|date=सेप्टेम्बर २०१२}} {{Infobox officeholder |name =शारदासम्शेर राणा | office = शिक्षा मन्त्री | image = | honorific-suffix = | predecessor = [[नृपजङ्ग राणा]] | primeminister = [[मातृकाप्रसाद कोइराला]] | successor = [[त्रिपुरवर सिंह प्रधान]] | term_start = | term_end = | vicepresident = | footnotes = | party = | birth_date = {{birth date|1915|12|15|df=y}} | birth_place = [[लक्ष्मी निवास]] | death_date = | death_place = | father = [[मोहन शमशेर जङ्गबहादुर राणा]] | spouse = | alma_mater = | awards = [[नेपाल तारा|सुप्रदीप्त मान्यवर नेपाल तारा]]<br> [[त्रिशक्ति पट्ट|ज्योतिर्मय -सुविख्यात त्रिशक्ति पट्ट]]<br>[[गोरखा दक्षिण बाहु|सुप्रसिद्द प्रबल गोरखा दक्षिण बाहु]] }} '''शारदा सम्शेर राणा''' नेपालका पूर्वमन्त्री हुन्। यिनी [[मातृकाप्रसाद कोइराला]]को २००८ मंसीर १ गतेको [[पहिलो मातृकाप्रसाद कोइराला मन्त्रिपरिषद्|मन्त्रीमण्डल]]मा शिक्षा-मन्त्री भएका थिए।<ref>http://www.royalark.net/Nepal/lamb10.htm</ref> ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== <references/> [[श्रेणी:नेपाल सरकारका पूर्व मन्त्रीहरू]] {{stub}} [[श्रेणी:चन्द्र खलक]] bvadmru741ebx14e1b8eya9s9ftctpt 1365962 1365961 2026-07-14T05:35:48Z Bishaldev100 28807 1365962 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Orphan|date=सेप्टेम्बर २०१२}} {{Infobox officeholder |name =शारदासम्शेर राणा | office = शिक्षा मन्त्री | image = | honorific-suffix = | predecessor = [[नृपजङ्ग राणा]] | primeminister = [[मातृकाप्रसाद कोइराला]] | successor = [[त्रिपुरवर सिंह प्रधान]] | term_start = | term_end = | vicepresident = | footnotes = | party = | birth_date = {{birth date|1915|12|15|df=y}} | birth_place = [[लक्ष्मी निवास]] | death_date = | death_place = | father = [[मोहन शमशेर जङ्गबहादुर राणा]] | spouse = | alma_mater = | awards = [[नेपाल तारा|सुप्रदीप्त मान्यवर नेपाल तारा]]<br> [[त्रिशक्ति पट्ट|ज्योतिर्मय -सुविख्यात त्रिशक्ति पट्ट]]<br>[[गोरखा दक्षिण बाहु|सुप्रसिद्द प्रबल गोरखा दक्षिण बाहु]] }} '''शारदा सम्शेर राणा''' नेपालका राजनीतिज्ञ हुन्। यिनी [[मातृकाप्रसाद कोइराला]]को २००८ मंसीर १ गतेको [[पहिलो मातृकाप्रसाद कोइराला मन्त्रिपरिषद्|मन्त्रीमण्डल]]मा शिक्षा-मन्त्री भएका थिए।<ref>http://www.royalark.net/Nepal/lamb10.htm</ref> ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== <references/> [[श्रेणी:नेपाल सरकारका पूर्व मन्त्रीहरू]] {{stub}} [[श्रेणी:चन्द्र खलक]] aovd7wsswniqwqqq6ai7soh6r9assfh 0 47770 1365942 1342765 2026-07-14T04:43:53Z Bishaldev100 28807 1365942 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Local cooking stove 2.jpg|thumb|right|220px|[[दाउरा |दाउरा]]मा खाना पकाउँने चुल्हो ।]] '''चुल्हो''' वा '''चुलो''' खाना पकाउनको लागि ताप सृजना गरी पकाउँने भाँडा राख्न मील्ने गरी बनाइएको संरचना वा साधन हो। प्रयोगको प्रकृति र स्थानियता अनुसार चुल्होहरू फरक फरक हुने गर्दछन । अधिकांश परम्परागत चुलोहरू मा [[दाउरा]] वा [[कोइला]] इन्धनको रूपमा प्रयोग हुँन्थे भने अाधुनिक चुल्होहरूमा तेल,द्रव्य-वायु अथवा बिजुली प्रयोग गरिन्छ । तेल चाहिने चुल्होहरुको प्रचलन घट्दै गएको भएपनि अद्यपी केही मात्रमा प्रयोग गरिँदैछ भने विद्युतीय र द्रव्य-वायु चुल्होको प्रयोग बढ्दो छ । ==प्रकार== परम्परागत चुल्होमा [[दाउरा |दाउरा]],कोइला,तेल जस्ता प्रत्यक्ष अथवा ठोस उर्जा श्रोत प्रयोग हुन्छन भने पछील्लो समयमा बायु,[[विद्युत |बिजुली]],साैर्य उर्जा जस्ता सुक्ष्म श्रोतमा अाधारीत चुल्होको प्रचलन बढ्दो छ । <gallery> चित्र:Stove,LPG,free distribution,Tamil Nadu470.jpg|अङ्गुठाकार|बायु उर्जामा बल्ने चुल्हो चित्र:A kitchen stove made of brass (2).jpg|अङ्गुठाकार|मट्टीतेलमा बल्ने चुल्हो चित्र:Electric stove, 2002.jpg|अङ्गुठाकार|बीजुली चुल्हो चित्र:Cuina solar paella.JPG|[[सौर्य चुलो|साैर्य चुल्हो]] </gallery> {{Commonscat|Furnaces}} {{stub}} ==सन्दर्भ सामग्री== <references/> [[श्रेणी:घरका विभिन्न भाग]] bnb9v1ljrq6xahps165ssqfml2478kr 0 47887 1365935 1339832 2026-07-14T04:38:23Z पर्वत सुवेदी 31224 [[विकिपिडिया:हटक्याट|हटक्याट]]द्वारा [[श्रेणी:हिन्दु पौराणिक कथामा महिला]] हटाइयो; [[श्रेणी:हिन्दु पौराणिक कथामा महिलाहरू]] जोडियो 1365935 wikitext text/x-wiki {{छोटो विवरण|हिन्दु महाकाव्य रामायणमा लङ्काका राजा रावणकी मुख्य रानी}} {{Infobox deity | type = Hindu | member_of = [[पञ्चकन्या (हिन्दू धर्म)|पञ्चकन्या]] | image = File:Mandodari based on Raja Ravi Varma's painting (cropped).jpg | texts = [[रामायण]] र यसका संस्करणहरू | caption = राजा रवि वर्माले बनाएको मन्दोदरीको चित्र | affiliation = [[राक्षस|राक्षसी]]<br> [[पञ्चकन्या]] | Devanagari = | Sanskrit_transliteration = | abode = [[लङ्का]] | father = [[मयासुर]] | mother = [[हेमा (अप्सरा)|हेमा]] | consort = [[रावण]], र पछि [[विभीषण]] | children = [[सीता]], [[मेघनाद]], [[अहिरावण]], [[अतिकाय]], [[अक्षयकुमार]] (छोराहरू) | siblings = मायावी, दुन्दुभी र व्योमासुर (दाजुभाइहरू) | religion = [[हिन्दू धर्म]] | languages = [[संस्कृत]] }} '''मन्दोदरी'''<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=1jRWziY9m4cC&pg=PA429 Rāmopākhyāna: the story of Rāma in the Mahābhārata p.429]</ref> हिन्दु महाकाव्य [[रामायण]]का अनुसार लङ्काका राजा [[रावण]]की रानी थिइन्। रामायणले उनलाई सुन्दर, धर्मी र न्यायप्रिय महिलाको रूपमा वर्णन गरेको छ। उनलाई [[पञ्चकन्या (हिन्दू धर्म)|पञ्चकन्या]] मध्ये एकको रूपमा सम्मान गरिन्छ, जसको नाम जप गर्दा पाप नाश हुने विश्वास गरिन्छ। मन्दोदरी असुरहरूका राजा [[मयासुर]] र [[अप्सरा]] हेमाकी छोरी थिइन्। उनले रावणसँग विवाह गरेकी थिइन् र उनका [[मेघनाद]], [[अहिरावण]], [[अतिकाय]] र [[अक्षयकुमार]] गरि चार छोराहरू थिए। आफ्ना पतिको दोषहरू भए तापनि, मन्दोदरीले उनलाई माया गर्थिन् र सधैँ धर्मको मार्ग अपनाउन सल्लाह दिन्थीन्। उनले पटक-पटक रावणलाई [[सीता]]लाई रामकहाँ फिर्ता गर्न आग्रह गर्छन्, तर रावणले उनको सल्लाहलाई बेवास्ता गर्छन्। रामायणमा रावणप्रतिको उनको प्रेम र निष्ठाको प्रशंसा गरिएको छ। रामायणको एक संस्करण अनुसार, [[हनुमान]]ले उनलाई छल गरेर त्यो जादुमयी वाणको स्थान पत्ता लगाउन लगाएका थिए, जसको प्रयोग गरेर [[राम]]ले रावणको वध गरेका थिए। रामायणका धेरै संस्करणहरूमा यो पनि उल्लेख गरिएको छ कि रावणको मृत्युपछि, रावणका भाइ [[विभीषण]] (जो रामको पक्षमा थिए) ले मन्दोदरीकै सल्लाहमा कार्यहरू गरेका थिए। == जन्म र प्रारम्भिक जीवन == [[रामायण]] को [[उत्तर काण्ड]] मा उल्लेख भए अनुसार [[मयासुर]]ले [[स्वर्ग]]को भ्रमण गरेका थिए, जहाँ देवताहरूले उनलाई अप्सरा [[हेमा (अप्सरा)|हेमा]] प्रदान गरेका थिए। तिनीहरूका दुई छोराहरू मायावी र दुन्दुभी, र एक छोरी मन्दोदरी थिइन्। पछि, हेमा स्वर्ग फर्किएपछि मन्दोदरी र उनका दाजुभाइहरू बुबासँगै बसेका थिए।<ref>{{Cite book|last=Manmathnath Dutt|url=https://archive.org/stream/Ramayana_201309/Ramayana-VOL-4-Uttara-Kanda#page/n15/mode/2up|title=Ramayana - Uttara Kanda|date=1891}}</ref> मन्दोदरीको जन्मका सम्बन्धमा विभिन्न विवरणहरू पाइन्छन्। [[तेलुगु भाषा|तेलुगु]] ग्रन्थ ''उत्तर रामायण'' अनुसार मयासुरको विवाह हेमासँग हुन्छ। तिनीहरूका दुई छोराहरू थिए, तर छोरीको इच्छाले तिनीहरूले भगवान [[शिव]]को तपस्या गर्न थाल्छन्। यसैबीच, मधुरा नामकी एक अप्सरा शिवको दर्शन गर्न [[कैलाश पर्वत]] पुग्छिन्। पार्वतीको अनुपस्थितिमा शिव र मधुराबीच सम्बन्ध कायम हुन्छ। पार्वती फर्किएपछि शिवको शरीरको खरानी मधुराको स्तनमा देखेपछि क्रुद्ध भई मधुरालाई बाह्र वर्षसम्म इनारमा भ्यागुता भएर बस्न सराप दिइन्छ। शिवले मधुरालाई बाह्र वर्षपछि उनी पुनः सुन्दरी बन्ने र एक पराक्रमी पुरुषसँग विवाह हुने सान्त्वना दिन्छन्। बाह्र वर्षपछि, मधुरा पुनः सुन्दरी भई इनारबाट ठूलो स्वरले रुन्छिन्। नजिकै तपस्या गरिरहेका मयासुर र हेमाले उनलाई भेट्टाउँछन् र मन्दोदरीको रूपमा धर्मपुत्री बनाउछन्।<ref name="George Williams 2008">George Williams (2008) [2003], A Handbook of Hindu Mythology, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0195332612, pages 208-9</ref> यस संस्करणमा, रावणका छोरा [[इन्द्रजित|मेघनाद]] मन्दोदरीको शरीरमा रहेको शिवको अंशबाट जन्मिएको मानिन्छ। [[File:Emerald_Buddha_Temple_-_2017-06-11_(099).jpg|thumb|थाई ''[[रामकीर्ति]]'' को एक दृश्य: [[रावण]]ले मन्दोदरीलाई आफ्नो राज्यमा लैजाँदै गरेको।]] == सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू == {{सन्दर्भसूची}} == बाह्य कडीहरू == *{{commonscat-inline}} *{{wikiquote-inline}} {{रामायण}} [[श्रेणी:रामायणमा राक्षसहरू]] [[श्रेणी:हिन्दु पौराणिक कथामा महिलाहरू]] mmo29113p28nd6hog8lnqexfy57g08l 0 49338 1365932 1260968 2026-07-14T04:37:46Z Bishaldev100 28807 1365932 wikitext text/x-wiki [[चित्र:Teilchenmodell_Gas.svg|दायाँ|अङ्गुठाकार|300x300पिक्सेल|ग्यासहरूको कण मोडेल: ग्यासका कणहरू बीचको औसत दूरी तुलनात्मक रूपमा ठूलो हुन्छ।]] '''<span lang="English " dir="ltr">वायू</span>''' (मराठी:गॅस, नेपाळी:ग्यास) [[पदार्थ]]को मुख्य तीन अवस्था ([[ठोस]], [[तरल]] र ग्यास) मध्ये एक हो । {{stub}} {{Commonscat|Gases}} == विशेषता == [[चित्र:Translational_motion.gif|दायाँ|अङ्गुठाकार|300x300पिक्सेल|एकपरमाणवीय गैस का तापमान इसके अणुओं की औसत गतिज ऊर्जा की अभिव्यक्ति है।]] * ग्यासको [[पिण्ड|द्रव्यमान]] हुन्छ। * ग्यासको [[अणु]] तरल र ठोस पदार्थहरू भन्दा टाढा हुन्छन्। * ग्यासको निश्चित आकार वा आयतन हुँदैन। * तिनीहरूलाई संकुचित गरेर तिनीहरूको आयतन घटाउन सकिन्छ। * ग्यासहरूलाई तरल अवस्थामा रूपान्तरण गर्न सकिन्छ। [[श्रेणी:विज्ञान]] 9gyits5j9dof2qej1xlr6uo4h58747v 1365938 1365932 2026-07-14T04:40:12Z Bishaldev100 28807 1365938 wikitext text/x-wiki [[चित्र:Teilchenmodell_Gas.svg|दायाँ|अङ्गुठाकार|300x300पिक्सेल|ग्यासहरूको कण मोडेल: ग्यासका कणहरू बीचको औसत दूरी तुलनात्मक रूपमा ठूलो हुन्छ।]] '''<span lang="English " dir="ltr">वायू</span>''' (मराठी:गॅस, नेपाळी:ग्यास) [[पदार्थ]]को मुख्य तीन अवस्था ([[ठोस]], [[तरल]] र ग्यास) मध्ये एक हो । {{stub}} {{Commonscat|Gases}} == विशेषता == [[चित्र:Translational_motion.gif|दायाँ|अङ्गुठाकार|300x300पिक्सेल|एकपरमाणवीय गैस का तापमान इसके अणुओं की औसत गतिज ऊर्जा की अभिव्यक्ति है।]] * ग्यासको [[पिण्ड|द्रव्यमान]] हुन्छ। * ग्यासको [[अणु]] तरल र ठोस पदार्थहरू भन्दा टाढा हुन्छन्। * ग्यासको निश्चित आकार वा आयतन हुँदैन। * तिनीहरूलाई संकुचित गरेर तिनीहरूको आयतन घटाउन सकिन्छ। * ग्यासहरूलाई तरल अवस्थामा रूपान्तरण गर्न सकिन्छ। ==यो पनि हेर्नुहोस्== * [[प्राकृतिक ग्याँस|प्राकृतिक ग्यास]] * [[कोइला ग्याँस|कोइला ग्याँस]] * तरल पेट्रोलियम ग्यास (LPG) [[श्रेणी:विज्ञान]] g41y0pftlujhx2xiiyn8esyx6hfjfbz 1365939 1365938 2026-07-14T04:40:53Z Bishaldev100 28807 /* यो पनि हेर्नुहोस् */ 1365939 wikitext text/x-wiki [[चित्र:Teilchenmodell_Gas.svg|दायाँ|अङ्गुठाकार|300x300पिक्सेल|ग्यासहरूको कण मोडेल: ग्यासका कणहरू बीचको औसत दूरी तुलनात्मक रूपमा ठूलो हुन्छ।]] '''<span lang="English " dir="ltr">वायू</span>''' (मराठी:गॅस, नेपाळी:ग्यास) [[पदार्थ]]को मुख्य तीन अवस्था ([[ठोस]], [[तरल]] र ग्यास) मध्ये एक हो । {{stub}} {{Commonscat|Gases}} == विशेषता == [[चित्र:Translational_motion.gif|दायाँ|अङ्गुठाकार|300x300पिक्सेल|एकपरमाणवीय गैस का तापमान इसके अणुओं की औसत गतिज ऊर्जा की अभिव्यक्ति है।]] * ग्यासको [[पिण्ड|द्रव्यमान]] हुन्छ। * ग्यासको [[अणु]] तरल र ठोस पदार्थहरू भन्दा टाढा हुन्छन्। * ग्यासको निश्चित आकार वा आयतन हुँदैन। * तिनीहरूलाई संकुचित गरेर तिनीहरूको आयतन घटाउन सकिन्छ। * ग्यासहरूलाई तरल अवस्थामा रूपान्तरण गर्न सकिन्छ। ==यो पनि हेर्नुहोस्== * [[प्राकृतिक ग्याँस|प्राकृतिक ग्यास]] * [[कोइला ग्याँस|कोइला ग्याँस]] * [[एलपी ग्यास|तरल पेट्रोलियम ग्यास]] (LPG) [[श्रेणी:विज्ञान]] i5c9alzfyhyt4g8558s87z5uc3rkfqq 1365941 1365939 2026-07-14T04:42:09Z Bishaldev100 28807 /* यो पनि हेर्नुहोस् */ 1365941 wikitext text/x-wiki [[चित्र:Teilchenmodell_Gas.svg|दायाँ|अङ्गुठाकार|300x300पिक्सेल|ग्यासहरूको कण मोडेल: ग्यासका कणहरू बीचको औसत दूरी तुलनात्मक रूपमा ठूलो हुन्छ।]] '''<span lang="English " dir="ltr">वायू</span>''' (मराठी:गॅस, नेपाळी:ग्यास) [[पदार्थ]]को मुख्य तीन अवस्था ([[ठोस]], [[तरल]] र ग्यास) मध्ये एक हो । {{stub}} {{Commonscat|Gases}} == विशेषता == [[चित्र:Translational_motion.gif|दायाँ|अङ्गुठाकार|300x300पिक्सेल|एकपरमाणवीय गैस का तापमान इसके अणुओं की औसत गतिज ऊर्जा की अभिव्यक्ति है।]] * ग्यासको [[पिण्ड|द्रव्यमान]] हुन्छ। * ग्यासको [[अणु]] तरल र ठोस पदार्थहरू भन्दा टाढा हुन्छन्। * ग्यासको निश्चित आकार वा आयतन हुँदैन। * तिनीहरूलाई संकुचित गरेर तिनीहरूको आयतन घटाउन सकिन्छ। * ग्यासहरूलाई तरल अवस्थामा रूपान्तरण गर्न सकिन्छ। ==यो पनि हेर्नुहोस्== * [[प्राकृतिक ग्याँस|प्राकृतिक ग्यास]] * [[कोइला ग्याँस|कोइला ग्याँस]] * [[एलपी ग्यास|तरल पेट्रोलियम ग्यास]] (LPG) * [[तरलीकृत प्राकृतिक ग्याँस]] [[श्रेणी:विज्ञान]] fni7jqdi03csca5z7qkkdzuuacy46an 0 54156 1365944 1034321 2026-07-14T04:57:32Z Bishaldev100 28807 1365944 wikitext text/x-wiki [[चित्र:Passports-assorted.jpg|अङ्गुठाकार|घडीको दिशामा, माथि बायाँबाट: डच साधारण, [[नेपाली राहदानी|नेपाली कूटनीतिक]], चिनियाँ सेवा, र पोलिश साधारण राहदानीहरू]] '''राहदानी''' अर्थात् '''पासपोर्ट''' ([[:en:Passport|Passport]]) साधारणतया विदेशमा रहेका बेला प्रयोग हुने राष्ट्रिय परिचयपत्र हो। '''राहदानी''' भनेको सरकारले जारी गर्ने औपचारिक यात्रा कागजात हो जसले अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय यात्राको लागि व्यक्तिको पहिचान र राष्ट्रियता प्रमाणित गर्दछ।<ref>{{cite web |title=Definition of Passport |url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/passport |access-date=2024-05-18 |website=Merriam-webster.com |language=en}}</ref> राहदानीले यसको वाहकलाई विदेशमा प्रवेश गर्न र अस्थायी रूपमा बसोबास गर्न, स्थानीय सहायता र सुरक्षा पहुँच गर्न र आफ्नो सरकारबाट [[कन्सुलर सेवा|कन्सुलर सहयोग]] प्राप्त गर्न अनुमति दिन्छ। यात्रालाई सहज बनाउनुको साथै, राहदानीहरू सीमा सुरक्षा र बसाइँसराइलाई नियमन गर्ने प्रमुख संयन्त्र हुन्; तिनीहरू विभिन्न घरेलु उद्देश्यका लागि पहिचान कागजातको रूपमा पनि काम गर्न सक्छन्। ==सन्दर्भ सामग्री== {{reflist}} ==बाह्य सूत्र== {{stub}} {{Commonscat|Passports}} [[श्रेणी:वैदेशिक रोजगार]] [[श्रेणी:राहदानी]] glx9f85o850vhg0y4tzwxno9kv1btry 0 55393 1365985 1312315 2026-07-14T07:23:45Z पर्वत सुवेदी 31224 1365985 wikitext text/x-wiki {{छोटो विवरण|स्तनको एक भाग}} {{Infobox anatomy | Name = स्तनको मुन्टा | Latin = papilla mammaria | Image = Closeup of female breast.jpg | Caption = एक गर्भवती महिलाको स्तनको मुन्टा, [[स्तन मण्डल]] र [[स्तन]] | Width = 350 | Image2 = | Caption2 = एक युवती गर्भवती महिलाको स्तनमुन्टोलाई घेरेको गाढा रङ्गको [[स्तन मण्डल]] | part_of = [[स्तन]] | Precursor = | System = | Artery = | Vein = | Nerve = | Lymph = }} '''स्तनको मुन्टा''' [[स्तन]]को सतहमा रहेको एक उठेको तन्तु भाग हो। स्तनपान गराइरहेका पोथीहरूमा, शिशुलाई [[स्तनपान]] गराउनका लागि [[स्तन ग्रन्थी]]बाट निस्कने [[आमाको दूध|दूध]] यही भागमा रहेका [[दूध नली|दुग्ध नलीहरू]] मार्फत शरीरबाहिर आउँछ।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thefreedictionary.com/nipple|title=nipple|access-date=4 August 2017|via=The Free Dictionary}}</ref>{{sfn |Hansen|2010|p=80}} दूध स्तनको मुन्टाबाट सामान्य रूपमा बग्न सक्छ, वा दुग्ध नली प्रणालीमा हुने मांसपेशीको सङ्कुचनद्वारा बाहिर धकेलिन सक्छ। स्तनमुन्टोलाई [[स्तन मण्डल]]ले घेरेको हुन्छ, जुन सामान्यतया वरपरको छालाको तुलनामा गाढा रङ्गको हुन्छ।<ref>{{cite web |title=nipple |url=https://www.tabers.com/tabersonline/view/Tabers-Dictionary/762857/1/nipple&ti=0 |access-date=12 August 2017 |website=Taber's Online}}</ref> मानवेतर प्राणीहरूको सन्दर्भमा, पोथीको स्तनमुन्टोलाई प्रायः [[थुन]] भनिन्छ। "स्तनको मुन्टा" वा "थुन" शब्दको प्रयोग [[दूधको बोटल]]को लचिलो मुख (निप्पल) लाई बुझाउन पनि गरिन्छ। भाले स्तनधारी प्राणीहरूमा पनि स्तनको मुन्टाहुन्छ, तर यसमा पोथीको जस्तो कार्यक्षमता वा स्पष्टता हुँदैन। मानिसको सन्दर्भमा, यौन उत्तेजनाको एक भागका रूपमा महिला र पुरुष दुवैको स्तनमुन्टोलाई [[यौन उत्तेजना|यौन उत्तेजित]] पार्न सकिन्छ। धेरै संस्कृतिहरूमा, महिलाको यसलाई यौनिक रूपमा हेर्ने गरिन्छ,<ref name="auto">{{cite web |author=Beer |first=Todd |date=2015-05-12 |title=Social Construction of the Body: The Nipple |work=SOCIOLOGYtoolbox |url=http://sociologytoolbox.com/social-construction-of-the-body/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150527024111/http://sociologytoolbox.com/social-construction-of-the-body/ |archive-date=May 27, 2015 |access-date=2015-05-16 }}</ref> वा यसलाई यौन आकर्षक अङ्गको रूपमा लिँदै यसको शारीरिक विशेषता र यौन आकर्षणको आधारमा मूल्याङ्कन गरिन्छ।<ref name="Dewar">{{cite web |last=Dewar |first=Gwen |date=October 2012 |title=The sexualization of girls: Is the popular culture harming our kids? |url=http://www.parentingscience.com/sexualization-of-girls.html |website= |publisher=Parenting Science}}</ref> यसैकारण, यसलाई छोपेर राख्ने सामाजिक परम्परा रहेका हुन्छन्। == कार्य == [[File:Breastfeeding infant.jpg|thumb|स्तनको मुन्टामा मुख जोडेर स्तनपान गरिरहेको शिशु]] [[File:Smoczek od butelki.JPG|thumb|[[दूधको बोटल|बोटलबाट दूध खुवाउन]] प्रयोग गरिने सिलिकनको थुन वा निप्पल]] {{मुख्य|स्तनपान}} स्तनको मुन्टाको शारीरिक कार्य भनेको [[स्तनपान]]को समयमा पोथीको [[स्तन ग्रन्थी]]मा उत्पादन भएको [[दूध]]लाई शिशुसम्म पुर्‍याउनु हो। स्तनपानको समयमा, शिशुद्वारा स्तनको मुन्टामा दिइने उत्तेजनाले [[हाइपोथ्यालामस]]बाट [[अक्सिटोसिन]] हर्मोन उत्सर्जन गर्न मद्दत गर्दछ। अक्सिटोसिन एक यस्तो [[हर्मोन]] हो जुन गर्भावस्थामा बढ्छ र यसले स्तनमा काम गरी दूध बाहिर निकाल्ने प्रतिक्रियालाई सक्रिय बनाउन मद्दत गर्दछ। शिशुले स्तनको मुन्टा चुस्दा हुने उत्तेजनाका कारण अक्सिटोसिन उत्सर्जन भई प्रसवपछि पनि गर्भाशय खुम्चिन मद्दत पुग्छ।{{sfn|Henry|2016|p=117}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.womenshealth.gov/glossary/#o|title=Glossary - womenshealth.gov|website=womenshealth.gov|access-date=12 August 2017|date=2017-01-10}}{{PD-notice}}</ref> आमाको स्तनको मुन्टाको उत्तेजनाका कारण हुने गर्भाशयको बलियो सङ्कुचनले गर्भाशयका धमनीहरूलाई बाँध्न (साँघुरो बनाउन) मद्दत पुर्‍याउँछ। प्रसवपछिको अत्यधिक रक्तस्रावलाई रोक्नका लागि यस्तो सङ्कुचन आवश्यक हुन्छ।<ref name=Abedi2016>{{cite journal|last1=Abedi|first1=P|last2=Jahanfar|first2=S|last3=Namvar|first3=F|last4=Lee|first4=J|title=Breastfeeding or nipple stimulation for reducing postpartum haemorrhage in the third stage of labour|journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|date=27 January 2016|volume=1|issue=1|article-number=CD010845|pmid=26816300|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD010845.pub2|pmc=6718231}}</ref> जब शिशुले स्तनमुन्टो चुस्छ वा उत्तेजित गर्छ, तब अक्सिटोसिनको मात्रा बढ्छ र स्तनका साना मांसपेशीहरू खुम्चिन्छन्, जसले गर्दा दूध दुग्ध नलीहरू हुँदै अगाडि बढ्छ। शिशुद्वारा स्तनको मुन्टाको उत्तेजनाले गर्दा स्तनको दूध नलीहरूबाट बाहिर निस्कन र स्तनको मुन्टामा आउन मद्दत पुग्छ। दूध बाहिर आउने यो सङ्कुचन प्रक्रियालाई "लेट-डाउन रिफ्लेक्स" भनिन्छ।<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.womenshealth.gov/files/documents/your-guide-to-breastfeeding.pdf |title=Guide to breastfeeding |website=www.womenshealth.gov |access-date=2017-08-12 |archive-date=2020-10-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201017113931/https://www.womenshealth.gov/files/documents/your-guide-to-breastfeeding.pdf }}</ref> स्तनको मुन्टामा मुख जोड्नु भन्नाले शिशुले स्तनपान गर्नका लागि स्तनमुन्टोलाई आफ्नो मुखमा राम्रोसँग बाँध्नु हो। शिशुको मुखमा एरिओला (स्तनमुन्टोको वरपरको गाढा भाग) को तल्लो भाग रहने र स्तनको मुन्टा उसको मुखको भित्री भागसम्म तानिने अवस्थालाई सही तरिकाले मुख जोडेको मानिन्छ। सही तरिकाले मुख नजोड्दा लेट-डाउन रिफ्लेक्स सिर्जना गर्नका लागि स्तनको मुन्टामा पर्याप्त उत्तेजना हुँदैन। जब शिशुले स्तनको मुन्टाको टुप्पोमा मात्र मुख जोड्छ, तब स्तनमुन्टो राम्रोसँग उत्तेजित हुन पाउँदैन। यसरी गलत तरिकाले मुख जोडाउँदा स्तनको मुन्टा दुख्ने र [[स्तनको मुन्टा फुट्ने]] हुन सक्छ, जसका कारण आमाले स्तनपान जारी राख्न आनाकानी गर्न सक्छिन्।<ref name = whgov>{{cite web |url=https://www.womenshealth.gov/itsonlynatural/overcoming-challenges/breastfeeding-checklist-how-to-get-good-latch.html |title=Breastfeeding checklist: How to get a good latch |publisher=WomensHealth.gov |access-date=4 August 2017 |date=2017-06-09 |archive-date=2017-08-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170804173646/https://www.womenshealth.gov/itsonlynatural/overcoming-challenges/breastfeeding-checklist-how-to-get-good-latch.html }}{{PD-notice}}</ref><ref name = whgov2>{{cite web|url=https://www.womenshealth.gov/itsonlynatural/overcoming-challenges/common-questions-about-breastfeeding-pain.html|title=Common questions about breastfeeding and pain|publisher=womenshealth.gov|access-date=4 August 2017|date=2017-06-09|archive-date=2017-08-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170804173525/https://www.womenshealth.gov/itsonlynatural/overcoming-challenges/common-questions-about-breastfeeding-pain.html}}</ref> शिशु जन्मिएपछि, शिशुले लगातार र बढी मात्रामा स्तनको मुन्टा चुसेको आधारमा दूधको आपूर्ति बढ्दै जान्छ। यदि शिशुले स्तनको मुन्टा चुस्ने समय बढाएमा, स्तन ग्रन्थीहरूले यस उत्तेजनाको प्रतिक्रियास्वरूप दूधको उत्पादन बढाउँछन्। ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} == बाह्य कडीहरू == {{Wiktionary|स्तनको मुन्टा}} * {{Commons category inline|Nipples|स्तनको मुन्टा}} * {{Wikiquote inline}} {{Commonscat|Nipples|स्तनको मुन्टा}} [[श्रेणी:स्तन]] [[श्रेणी:शरीर]] [[श्रेणी:शरीरका अङ्गहरू]] [[श्रेणी:मानव कामुकता]] [[श्रेणी:स्तनपान]] 396qvy1qi6nozbnzba1nva9mnxli0uo 3 63638 1365888 1365525 2026-07-13T16:12:14Z MediaWiki message delivery 14766 /* Tech News: 2026-29 */ नयाँ खण्ड 1365888 wikitext text/x-wiki {{archive box| search=yes| * [[प्रयोगकर्ता:Nawaraj_Ghimire/वर्ता१|पुराना सन्देशहरू १ : २०१७/०३/१७ सम्म]] * [[प्रयोगकर्ता:Nawaraj_Ghimire/वर्ता२|पुराना सन्देशहरू २ : २०२२/०७/२२सम्म]] * [[प्रयोगकर्ता:Nawaraj_Ghimire/वर्ता३|पुराना सन्देशहरू ३ : २०२३/०३/२१सम्म]] * [[प्रयोगकर्ता:Nawaraj_Ghimire/वर्ता४|पुराना सन्देशहरू ४ : २०२५/१०/२०८सम्म]] }} == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-13</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W13"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/13|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]] condition limit was increased from 1000 to 2000. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T309609] * [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Global AbuseFilter#Locally disabled actions|Some Global AbuseFilter]] actions will no longer apply to local projects. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T332521] * Desktop users are now able to subscribe to talk pages by clicking on the {{int:discussiontools-newtopicssubscription-button-subscribe-label}} link in the {{int:toolbox}} menu. If you subscribe to a talk page, you receive [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Notifications|notifications]] when new topics are started on that talk page. This is separate from putting the page on your watchlist or subscribing to a single discussion. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T263821] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.2|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-28|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-29|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-30|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * You will be able to choose [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Diffs|visual diffs]] on all [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Page history|history pages]] at the Wiktionaries and Wikipedias. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T314588] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The legacy [[mw:Mobile Content Service|Mobile Content Service]] is going away in July 2023. Developers are encouraged to switch to Parsoid or another API before then to ensure service continuity. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/4MVQQTONJT7FJAXNVOFV3WWVVMCHRINE/] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/13|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W13"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०६:५९, २८ मार्च २०२३ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24780854 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-14</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W14"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/14|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The system for automatically creating categories for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Babel|Babel]] extension has had several important changes and fixes. One of them allows you to insert templates for automatic category descriptions on creation, allowing you to categorize the new categories. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T211665][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T64714][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T170654][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T184941][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T33074] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.3|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-04|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-05|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-06|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Some older [[w:en:Web browser|Web browsers]] will stop being able to use [[w:en:JavaScript|JavaScript]] on Wikimedia wikis from this week. This mainly affects users of Internet Explorer 11. If you have an old web browser on your computer you can try to upgrade to a newer version. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T178356] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The deprecated <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>jquery.hoverIntent</code></bdi> module has been removed. This module could be used by gadgets and user scripts, to create an artificial delay in how JavaScript responds to a hover event. Gadgets and user scripts should now use jQuery <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>hover()</code></bdi> or <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>on()</code></bdi> instead. Examples can be found in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/ResourceLoader/Migration_guide_(users)#jquery.hoverIntent|migration guide]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T311194] * Some of the links in [[{{#special:SpecialPages}}]] will be re-arranged. There will be a clearer separation between links that relate to all users, and links related to your own user account. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T333242] * You will be able to hide the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Replying|Reply button]] in archived discussion pages with a new <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>__ARCHIVEDTALK__</nowiki></code></bdi> magic word. There will also be a new <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>.mw-archivedtalk</code></bdi> CSS class for hiding the Reply button in individual sections on a page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T249293][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T295553][https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/c/mediawiki/extensions/DiscussionTools/+/738221] '''Future changes''' * The Vega software that creates data visualizations in pages, such as graphs, will be upgraded to the newest version in the future. Graphs that still use the very old version 1.5 syntax may stop working properly. Most existing uses have been found and updated, but you can help to check, and to update any local documentation. [[phab:T260542|Examples of how to find and fix these graphs are available]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/14|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W14"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०५:२५, ४ अप्रिल २०२३ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24820268 --> == This Month in Education: March 2023 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language. <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 12 • Issue 3 • March 2023</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/March 2023|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/March 2023/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2023/Audio-seminar project of the Wikimedia Mexico Education Program|Audio-seminar project of the Wikimedia Mexico Education Program]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2023/Empowering Nigerian Female Artists: Through Art & Feminism Edith-A-Thon at KWASU Fan Club|Empowering Nigerian Female Artists: Through Art & Feminism Edith-A-Thon at KWASU Fan Club]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2023/Exploring How Wikipedia Works|Exploring How Wikipedia Works]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2023/Florida graduate students complete Library History edit-a-thon for credit|Florida graduate students complete Library History edit-a-thon for credit]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2023/Improving hearing health content in Brazil|Improving hearing health content in Brazil]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2023/Media Literacy Portal to become a key resource for media education in Czech Libraries |Media Literacy Portal to become a key resource for media education in Czech Libraries]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2023/Wikeys in the Albanian language|Wikeys in the Albanian language]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2023/Wikimarathon is an opportunity to involve students and teachers in creating and editing articles in Wikipedia|Wikimarathon is an opportunity to involve students and teachers in creating and editing articles in Wikipedia]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2023/Wikimedia Polska short report|Wikimedia Polska short report]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2023/Wikimedia Serbia participated in the State Seminar of the The Mathematical Society of Serbia|Wikimedia Serbia participated in the State Seminar of the The Mathematical Society of Serbia]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] ००:३०, ९ अप्रिल २०२३ (नेपाली समय)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=24824837 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-15</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W15"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/15|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] In the visual editor, it is now possible to edit captions of images in galleries without opening the gallery dialog. This feature request was [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Editing/Editable gallery captions in Visual Editor|voted #61 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T190224] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] You can now receive notifications when another user edits your user page. See the "{{int:Echo-category-title-edit-user-page}}" option in [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-echo|your Preferences]]. This feature request was [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Anti-harassment/Notifications for user page edits|voted #3 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T3876] '''Problems''' * There was a problem with all types of CentralNotice banners still being shown to logged-in users even if they had [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-centralnotice-banners|turned off]] specific banner types. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T331671] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.4|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-11|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-12|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-13|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]" ({{int:project-localized-name-arywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-dawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-dinwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-dsbwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-eewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-elwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-emlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-eowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-etwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-euwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-extwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tumwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ffwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fiwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fiu_vrowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fjwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-frpwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-frrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-furwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gcrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gdwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-glwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-glkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gomwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gotwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-guwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gvwiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T304551][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308133] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/15|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W15"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०१:५०, ११ अप्रिल २०२३ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24851886 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-16</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W16"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/16|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * You can now see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer#Show_nearby_articles|nearby articles on a Kartographer map]] with the button for the new feature "{{int:Kartographer-sidebar-nearbybutton}}". Six wikis have been testing this feature since October. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Geoinformation/Nearby_articles#Implementation][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334079] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Special:GlobalWatchlist]] page now has links for "{{int:globalwatchlist-markpageseen}}" for each entry. This feature request was [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Notifications, Watchlists and Talk Pages/Button to mark a single change as read in the global watch list|voted #161 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334246] '''Problems''' * At Wikimedia Commons, some thumbnails have not been getting replaced correctly after a new version of the image is uploaded. This should be fixed later this week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T331138][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T333042] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] For the last few weeks, some external tools had inconsistent problems with logging-in with OAuth. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T332650] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.5|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-18|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-19|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-20|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/16|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W16"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०७:४०, १८ अप्रिल २०२३ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24881071 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-17</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W17"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/17|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] The date-selection menu on pages such as [[{{#special:Contributions}}]] will now show year-ranges that are in the current and past decade, instead of the current and future decade. This feature request was [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Miscellaneous/Change year range shown in date selection popup|voted #145 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334316] '''Problems''' * Due to security issues with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph|Graph extension]], graphs have been disabled in all Wikimedia projects. Wikimedia Foundation teams are working to respond to these vulnerabilities. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334940] * For a few days, it was not possible to save some kinds of edits on the mobile version of a wiki. This has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334797][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334799][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334794] '''Changes later this week''' * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on April 26. This is planned for [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1682517653 14:00 UTC]. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server_switch] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.6|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-25|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-26|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-27|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * The Editing team plans an A/B test for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability|a usability analysis of the Talk page project]]. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability/Analysis|planned measurements are available]]. Your wiki [[phab:T332946|may be invited to participate]]. Please suggest improvements to the measurement plan at [[mw:Talk:Talk pages project/Usability|the discussion page]]. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2023-2024|The Wikimedia Foundation annual plan 2023-2024 draft is open for comment and input]] until May 19. The final plan will be published in July 2023 on Meta-wiki. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/17|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W17"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०३:४८, २५ अप्रिल २०२३ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24933592 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-18</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W18"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/18|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] The content attribution tools [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Who Wrote That?|Who Wrote That?]], [[xtools:authorship|XTools Authorship]], and [[xtools:blame|XTools Blame]] now support the French and Italian Wikipedias. More languages will be added in the near future. This is part of the [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Reading/Extend "Who Wrote That?" tool to more wikis|#7 wish in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T243711][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T270490][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334891] * The [[:commons:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Video2commons|Video2commons]] tool has been updated. This fixed several bugs related to YouTube uploads. [https://github.com/toolforge/video2commons/pull/162/commits] * The [[{{#special:Preferences}}]] page has been redesigned on mobile web. The new design makes it easier to browse the different categories and settings at low screen widths. You can also now access the page via a link in the Settings menu in the mobile web sidebar. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Moderator_Tools/Content_moderation_on_mobile_web/Preferences] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.7|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-02|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-03|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-04|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/18|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W18"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०७:३०, २ मे २०२३ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24966974 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-19</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W19"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/19|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] Last week, Community Tech released the first update for providing [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Better diff handling of paragraph splits|better diffs]], the #1 request in the 2022 Community Wishlist Survey. [[phab:T324759|This update]] adds legends and tooltips to inline diffs so that users unfamiliar with the blue and yellow highlights can better understand the type of edits made. * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] When you close an image that is displayed via MediaViewer, it will now return to the wiki page instead of going back in your browser history. This feature request was [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Reading/Return to the article when closing the MediaViewer|voted #65 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T236591] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:SyntaxHighlight|SyntaxHighlight]] extension now supports <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr"><code>wikitext</code></bdi> as a selected language. Old alternatives that were used to highlight wikitext, such as <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr"><code>html5</code></bdi>, <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr"><code>moin</code></bdi>, and <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr"><code>html+handlebars</code></bdi>, can now be replaced. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T29828] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Creating pages with preloaded text|Preloading text to new pages/sections]] now supports preloading from localized MediaWiki interface messages. [https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Martin_Urbanec_(WMF)?action=edit&section=new&preload=MediaWiki:July Here is an example] at the {{int:project-localized-name-cswiki/en}} that uses <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>preload=MediaWiki:July</nowiki></code></bdi>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T330337] '''Problems''' * Graph Extension update: Foundation developers have completed upgrading the visualization software to Vega5. Existing community graphs based on Vega2 are no longer compatible. Communities need to update local graphs and templates, and shared lua modules like <bdi lang="de" dir="ltr">[[:de:Modul:Graph]]</bdi>. The [https://vega.github.io/vega/docs/porting-guide/ Vega Porting guide] provides the most comprehensive detail on migration from Vega2 and [https://www.mediawiki.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Graph:PageViews&action=history here is an example migration]. Vega5 has currently just been enabled on mediawiki.org to provide a test environment for communities. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334940#8813922] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.8|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-09|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-10|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-11|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Until now, all new OAuth apps went through manual review. Starting this week, apps using identification-only or basic authorizations will not require review. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T67750] '''Future changes''' * During the next year, MediaWiki will stop using IP addresses to identify logged-out users, and will start automatically assigning unique temporary usernames. Read more at [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation/Updates|IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation/Updates]]. You can [[m:Talk:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation#What should it look like?|join the discussion]] about the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation/Updates#What will temporary usernames look like?|format of the temporary usernames]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T332805] * There will be an [[:w:en:A/B testing|A/B test]] on 10 Wikipedias where the Vector 2022 skin is the default skin. Half of logged-in desktop users will see an interface where the different parts of the page are more clearly separated. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Updates/2023-05 Zebra9 A/B test|read more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T333180][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T335972] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] <code>jquery.tipsy</code> will be removed from the MediaWiki core. This will affect some user scripts. Many lines with <code>.tipsy(</code> can be commented out. <code>OO.ui.PopupWidget</code> can be used to keep things working like they are now. You can [[phab:T336019|read more]] and [[:mw:Help:Locating broken scripts|read about how to find broken scripts]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336019] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/19|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W19"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०६:२१, ९ मे २०२३ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24998636 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-20</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W20"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/20|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * Citations that are automatically generated based on [[d:Q33057|ISBN]] are currently broken. This affects citations made with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User_guide/Citations-Full#Automatic|VisualEditor Automatic tab]], and the use of the citoid API in gadgets and user scripts. Work is ongoing to restore this feature. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336298] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.9|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-16|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-17|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-18|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]" ({{int:project-localized-name-gorwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hakwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hawwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hifwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hsbwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-htwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-iawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-iewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-igwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ilowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-inhwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-iowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-iswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-iuwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-jamwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-jvwiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308134] '''Future changes''' * There is a recently formed team at the Wikimedia Foundation which will be focusing on experimenting with new tools. Currently they are building [[m:Wikimedia_Foundation_Annual_Plan/2023-2024/Draft/Future_Audiences#FA2.2_Conversational_AI|a prototype ChatGPT plugin that allows information generated by ChatGPT to be properly attributed]] to the Wikimedia projects. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Gadget and userscript developers should replace <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>jquery.cookie</code></bdi> with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>mediawiki.cookie</code></bdi>. The <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>jquery.cookie</code></bdi> library will be removed in ~1 month, and staff developers will run a script to replace any remaining uses at that time. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336018] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/20|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W20"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०३:३०, १६ मे २०२३ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25011501 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-21</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W21"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/21|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] The "recent edits" time period for page watchers is now 30 days. It used to be 180 days. This was a [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Notifications, Watchlists and Talk Pages/Change information about the number of watchers on a page|Community Wishlist Survey proposal]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336250] '''Changes later this week''' * An [[mw:special:MyLanguage/Growth/Positive reinforcement#Impact|improved impact module]] will be available at Wikipedias. The impact module is a feature available to newcomers [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature summary#Newcomer homepage|at their personal homepage]]. It will show their number of edits, how many readers their edited pages have, how many thanks they have received and similar things. It is also accessible by accessing Special:Impact. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336203] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.10|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-23|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-24|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-25|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/21|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W21"/> </div> २२:४०, २२ मे २०२३ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25028325 --> == This Month in Education: April 2023 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language. <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 12 • Issue 4 • April 2023</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/April 2023|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/April 2023/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2023/Auckland Museum Alliance fund project update|Auckland Museum Alliance fund project update]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2023/Introducing Wikipedia to Kusaal Language Teachers|Introducing Wikipedia to Kusaal Language Teachers]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2023/KWASU Fan Club Leads the Way in 21st Century Learning with Wiki in School Program|KWASU Fan Club Leads the Way in 21st Century Learning with Wiki in School Program]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2023/On-line Courses for Educators in Poland|On-line Courses for Educators in Poland]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2023/Online meeting of Ukrainian educators working with Wikipedia – four perspectives|Online meeting of Ukrainian educators working with Wikipedia – four perspectives]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2023/Wikiclubs Editathon in Elbasan, Albania |Wikiclubs Editathon in Elbasan, Albania]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2023/Wikipedia at the Brazilian Linguistics Olympiad|Wikipedia at the Brazilian Linguistics Olympiad]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2023/Wikipedia at the University of Łódź Information Management Conference|Wikipedia at the University of Łódź Information Management Conference]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] २२:१२, २३ मे २०२३ (नेपाली समय)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=24999562 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-22</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W22"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/22|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Citations can once again be added automatically from ISBNs, thanks to Zotero's ISBN searches. The current data sources are the Library of Congress (United States), the Bibliothèque nationale de France (French National Library), and K10plus ISBN (German repository). Additional data source searches can be [[mw:Citoid/Creating Zotero translators|proposed to Zotero]]. The ISBN labels in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User_guide/Citations-Full#Automatic|VisualEditor Automatic tab]] will reappear later this week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336298#8859917] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] The page [[{{#special:EditWatchlist}}]] now has "{{int:watchlistedit-normal-check-all}}" options to select all the pages within a namespace. This feature request was [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Notifications, Watchlists and Talk Pages/Watchlist edit - "check all" checkbox|voted #161 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334252] '''Problems''' * For a few days earlier this month, the "Add interlanguage link" item in the Tools menu did not work properly. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T337081] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.11|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-30|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-31|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-01|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * VisualEditor will be switched to a new backend on [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/source/mediawiki-config/browse/master/dblists/small.dblist small] and [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/source/mediawiki-config/browse/master/dblists/medium.dblist medium] wikis this week. Large wikis will follow in the coming weeks. This is part of the effort to move Parsoid into MediaWiki core. The change should have no noticeable effect on users, but if you experience any slow loading or other strangeness when using VisualEditor, please report it on the phabricator ticket linked here. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T320529] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/22|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W22"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०३:४९, ३० मे २०२३ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25079963 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-23</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W23"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/23|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:RealMe|RealMe]] extension allows you to mark URLs on your user page as verified for Mastodon and similar software. * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] Citation and footnote editing can now be started from the reference list when using the visual editor. This feature request was [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Citations/Allow citations to be edited in the references section with VisualEditor|voted #2 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T54750] * Previously, clicking on someone else's link to Recent Changes with filters applied within the URL could unintentionally change your preference for "{{int:Rcfilters-group-results-by-page}}". This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T202916#8874081] '''Problems''' * For a few days last week, some tools and bots returned outdated information due to database replication problems, and may have been down entirely while it was being fixed. These issues have now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T337446] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.12|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-06|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-07|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-08|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Bots will no longer be prevented from making edits because of URLs that match the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:SpamBlacklist|spam blacklist]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T313107] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/23|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W23"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०४:३७, ६ जुन २०२३ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25114640 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-24</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W24"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/24|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] The content attribution tools [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Who Wrote That?|Who Wrote That?]], [[xtools:authorship|XTools Authorship]], and [[xtools:blame|XTools Blame]] now support the Dutch, German, Hungarian, Indonesian, Japanese, Polish and Portuguese Wikipedias. This was the [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Reading/Extend "Who Wrote That?" tool to more wikis|#7 wish in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334891] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured Data Across Wikimedia/Search Improvements#Search Preview panel|Search Preview panel]] has been deployed on four Wikipedias (Catalan, Dutch, Hungarian and Norwegian). The panel will show an image related to the article (if existing), the top sections of the article, related images (coming from MediaSearch on Commons), and eventually the sister projects associated with the article. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T306341] * The [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:RealMe#Verifying_a_link_on_non-user_pages|RealMe]] extension now allows administrators to verify URLs for any page, for Mastodon and similar software. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T324937] * The default project license [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikimediaannounce-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/7G6XPWZPQFLZ2JANN3ZX6RT4DVUI3HZQ/ has been officially upgraded] to CC BY-SA 4.0. The software interface messages have been updated. Communities should feel free to start updating any mentions of the old CC BY-SA 3.0 licensing within policies and related documentation pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T319064] '''Problems''' * For three days last month, some Wikipedia pages edited with VisualEditor or DiscussionTools had an unintended <code><nowiki>__TOC__</nowiki></code> (or its localized form) added during an edit. There is [[mw:Parsoid/Deployments/T336101_followup|a listing of affected pages sorted by wiki]], that may still need to be fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336101] * Currently, the "{{int:Visualeditor-dialog-meta-categories-defaultsort-label}}" feature in VisualEditor is broken. Existing <code><nowiki>{{DEFAULTSORT:...}}</nowiki></code> keywords incorrectly appear as missing templates in VisualEditor. Developers are exploring how to fix this. In the meantime, those wishing to edit the default sortkey of a page are advised to switch to source editing. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T337398] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Last week, an update to the delete form may have broken some gadgets or user scripts. If you need to manipulate (empty) the reason field, replace <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>#wpReason</code></bdi> with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr" style="white-space: nowrap;"><code>#wpReason > input</code></bdi>. See [https://cs.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki%3AGadget-CleanDeleteReasons.js&diff=22859956&oldid=12794189 an example fix]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T337809] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.13|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-13|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-14|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-15|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * VisualEditor will be switched to a new backend on English Wikipedia on Monday, and all other [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/source/mediawiki-config/browse/master/dblists/large.dblist large] wikis on Thursday. The change should have no noticeable effect on users, but if you experience any slow loading or other strangeness when using VisualEditor, please report it on the phabricator ticket linked here. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T320529] '''Future changes''' * From 5 June to 17 July, the Foundation's [[:mw:Wikimedia Security Team|Security team]] is holding a consultation with contributors regarding a draft policy to govern the use of third-party resources in volunteer-developed gadgets and scripts. Feedback and suggestions are warmly welcome at [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Third-party resources policy|Third-party resources policy]] on meta-wiki. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/24|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W24"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> २०:३७, १२ जुन २०२३ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25133779 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-25</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W25"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/25|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Flame graphs are now available in WikimediaDebug. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/JXNQD3EHG5V5QW5UXFDPSHQG4MJ3FWJQ/][https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2023/06/08/flame-graphs-arrive-in-wikimediadebug/] '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. * There is now a toolbar search popup in the visual editor. You can trigger it by typing <code>\</code> or pressing <code>ctrl + shift + p</code>. It can help you quickly access most tools in the editor. [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Visual_editor_toolbar_search_feature.png][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T66905] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/25|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W25"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०१:५४, २० जुन २०२३ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25159510 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-26</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W26"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/26|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The Action API modules and Special:LinkSearch will now add a trailing <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>/</code></bdi> to all <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>prop=extlinks</code></bdi> responses for bare domains. This is part of the work to remove duplication in the <code>externallinks</code> database table. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T337994] '''Problems''' * Last week, search was broken on Commons and Wikidata for 23 hours. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T339810][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incidents/2023-06-18_search_broken_on_wikidata_and_commons] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.15|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-27|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-28|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-29|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The Minerva skin now applies more predefined styles to the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>.mbox-text</code></bdi> CSS class. This enables support for mbox templates that use divs instead of tables. Please make sure that the new styles won't affect other templates in your wiki. [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/c/mediawiki/skins/MinervaNeue/+/930901/][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T339040] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Gadgets will now load on both desktop and mobile by default. Previously, gadgets loaded only on desktop by default. Changing this default using the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>|targets=</code></bdi> parameter is also deprecated and should not be used. You should make gadgets work on mobile or disable them based on the skin (with the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>|skins=</code></bdi> parameter in <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">MediaWiki:Gadgets-definition</bdi>) rather than whether the user uses the mobile or the desktop website. Popular gadgets that create errors on mobile will be disabled by developers on the Minerva skin as a temporary solution. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T127268] * All namespace tabs now have the same browser [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Keyboard_shortcuts|access key]] by default. Previously, custom and extension-defined namespaces would have to have their access keys set manually on-wiki, but that is no longer necessary. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T22126] * The review form of the Flagged Revisions extension now uses the standardized [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|user interface components]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T191156] '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] How media is structured in the parser's HTML output will change in the coming weeks at [[:wikitech:Deployments/Train#Thursday|group2 wikis]]. This change improves the accessibility of content. You may need to update your site-CSS, or userscripts and gadgets. There are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser_Unification/Media_structure/FAQ|details on what code to check, how to update the code, and where to report any related problems]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T314318] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/26|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W26"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> २२:०४, २६ जुन २०२३ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25202311 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-27</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W27"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/27|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] As part of the rolling out of the [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Multimedia and Commons/Audio links that play on click|audio links that play on click]] wishlist proposal, [https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/small.dblist small wikis] will now be able to use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Phonos#Inline audio player mode|inline audio player]] that is implemented by the [[mw:Extension:Phonos|Phonos]] extension. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336763] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] From this week all gadgets automatically load on mobile and desktop sites. If you see any problems with gadgets on your wikis, please adjust the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets#Options|gadget options]] in your gadget definitions file. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328610] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.16|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-04|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-05|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-06|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/27|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W27"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०४:३६, ४ जुलाई २०२३ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25231546 --> == This Month in Education: June 2023 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language. <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 12 • Issue 5 • June 2023</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/June 2023|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/June 2023/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2023/Africa Day 2023: Abuja Teachers celebrates|Africa Day 2023: Abuja Teachers celebrates]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2023/From editing articles to civic power – Wikimedia UK's research on democracy and Wikipedia|From editing articles to civic power – Wikimedia UK's research on democracy and Wikipedia]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2023/Reading Wikipedia in the Classroom Program in Yemen Brings Positive Impact to Yemeni Teachers|Reading Wikipedia in the Classroom Program in Yemen Brings Positive Impact to Yemeni Teachers]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2023/Using Wikipedia in education: students' and teachers' view|Using Wikipedia in education: students' and teachers' view]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2023/The Journey of Reading Wikipedia in the Classroom Lagos State|The Journey of Reading Wikipedia in the Classroom Lagos State]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2023/WMB goes to Serbia |WMB goes to Serbia]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2023/But we don't want it to end!|But we don't want it to end!]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] १४:२९, ४ जुलाई २०२३ (नेपाली समय)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=25147408 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-28</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W28"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/28|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured Data Across Wikimedia/Section-level Image Suggestions|Section-level Image Suggestions feature]] has been deployed on seven Wikipedias (Portuguese, Russian, Indonesian, Catalan, Hungarian, Finnish and Norwegian Bokmål). The feature recommends images for articles on contributors' watchlists that are a good match for individual sections of those articles. * [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Global AbuseFilter|Global abuse filters]] have been enabled on all Wikimedia projects, except English and Japanese Wikipedias (who opted out). This change was made following a [[:m:Requests for comment/Make global abuse filters opt-out|global request for comments]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341159] * [[{{#special:BlockedExternalDomains}}]] is a new tool for administrators to help fight spam. It provides a clearer interface for blocking plain domains (and their subdomains), is more easily searchable, and is faster for the software to process for each edit on the wiki. It does not support regex (for complex cases), nor URL path-matching, nor the [[MediaWiki:Spam-whitelist|MediaWiki:Spam-whitelist]], but otherwise it replaces most of the functionalities of the existing [[MediaWiki:Spam-blacklist|MediaWiki:Spam-blacklist]]. There is a Python script to help migrate all simple domains into this tool, and more feature details, within [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:BlockedExternalDomains|the tool's documentation]]. It is available at all wikis except for Meta-wiki, Commons, and Wikidata. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T337431] * The WikiEditor extension was updated. It includes some of the most frequently used features of wikitext editing. In the past, many of its messages could only be translated by administrators, but now all regular translators on translatewiki can translate them. Please check [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:MessageGroupStats?group=ext-wikieditor&messages=&x=D#sortable:0=asc the state of WikiEditor localization into your language], and if the "Completion" for your language shows anything less than 100%, please complete the translation. See [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-ambassadors@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/D4YELU2DXMZ75PGELUOKXXMFF3FH45XA/ a more detailed explanation]. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.17|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-11|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-12|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-13|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * The default protocol of [[{{#special:LinkSearch}}]] and API counterparts has changed from http to both http and https. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T14810] * [[{{#special:LinkSearch}}]] and its API counterparts will now search for all of the URL provided in the query. It used to be only the first 60 characters. This feature was requested fifteen years ago. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T17218] '''Future changes''' * There is an experiment with a [[:w:en:ChatGPT|ChatGPT]] plugin. This is to show users where the information is coming from when they read information from Wikipedia. It has been tested by Wikimedia Foundation staff and other Wikimedians. Soon all ChatGPT plugin users can use the Wikipedia plugin. This is the same plugin which was mentioned in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/20|Tech News 2023/20]]. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_Annual_Plan/2023-2024/Draft/Future_Audiences#FA2.2_Conversational_AI] * There is an ongoing discussion on a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Third-party resources policy|proposed Third-party resources policy]]. The proposal will impact the use of third-party resources in gadgets and userscripts. Based on the ideas received so far, policy includes some of the risks related to user scripts and gadgets loading third-party resources, some best practices and exemption requirements such as code transparency and inspectability. Your feedback and suggestions are warmly welcome until July 17, 2023 on [[m:Talk:Third-party resources policy|on the policy talk page]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/28|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W28"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०१:३९, ११ जुलाई २०२३ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25278797 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-29</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W29"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/29|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] We are now serving 1% of all global user traffic from [[:en:Kubernetes|Kubernetes]] (you can [[wikitech:MediaWiki On Kubernetes|read more technical details]]). We are planning to increment this percentage regularly. You can [[phab:T290536|follow the progress of this work]]. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.18|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-18|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-19|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-20|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] MediaWiki [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:System_message|system messages]] will now look for available local fallbacks, instead of always using the default fallback defined by software. This means wikis no longer need to override each language on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Language#Fallback_languages|fallback chain]] separately. For example, English Wikipedia doesn't have to create <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>en-ca</code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>en-gb</code></bdi> subpages with a transclusion of the base pages anymore. This makes it easier to maintain local overrides. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T229992] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>action=growthsetmentorstatus</code></bdi> API will be deprecated with the new MediaWiki version. Bots or scripts calling that API should use the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>action=growthmanagementorlist</code></bdi> API now. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T321503] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/29|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W29"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०४:५३, १८ जुलाई २०२३ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25289122 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-30</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W30"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/30|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] On July 18, the Wikimedia Foundation launched a survey about the [[:mw:Technical_decision_making|technical decision making process]] for people who do technical work that relies on software that is maintained by the Foundation or affiliates. If this applies to you, [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/885471 please take part in the survey]. The survey will be open for three weeks, until August 7. You can find more information in [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/Q7DUCFA75DXG3G2KHTO7CEWMLCYTSDB2/|the announcement e-mail on wikitech-l]]. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.19|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-25|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-26|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-27|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/30|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W30"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०८:०५, २५ जुलाई २०२३ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25332248 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-31</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W31"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/31|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The [[mw:Synchronizer|Synchronizer]] tool is now available to keep Lua modules synced across Wikimedia wikis, along with [[mw:Multilingual Templates and Modules|updated documentation]] to develop global Lua modules and templates. * The tag filter on [[{{#special:NewPages}}]] and revision history pages can now be inverted. For example, you can hide edits that were made using an automated tool. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334337][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334338] * The Wikipedia [[:w:en:ChatGPT|ChatGPT]] plugin experiment can now be used by ChatGPT users who can use plugins. You can participate in a [[:m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2023-2024/Draft/Future Audiences#Announcing monthly Future Audiences open "office hours"|video call]] if you want to talk about this experiment or similar work. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_Annual_Plan/2023-2024/Draft/Future_Audiences#FA2.2_Conversational_AI] '''Problems''' * It was not possible to generate a PDF for pages with non-Latin characters in the title, for the last two weeks. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T342442] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.20|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-01|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-02|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-03|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Starting on Tuesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]" ({{int:project-localized-name-kawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kaawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kabwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kbdwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kbpwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kiwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kmwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-knwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kshwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kuwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kwwiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308135] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/31|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W31"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०५:३९, १ अगस्ट २०२३ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25362228 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-32</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W32"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/32|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Mobile Web editors can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Advanced_mobile_contributions#August_1,_2023_-_Full-page_editing_added_on_mobile|edit a whole page at once]]. To use this feature, turn on "{{int:Mobile-frontend-mobile-option-amc}}" in your settings and use the "{{int:Minerva-page-actions-editfull}}" button in the "{{int:Minerva-page-actions-overflow}}" menu. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T203151] '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/32|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W32"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०३:०६, ८ अगस्ट २०२३ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25420038 --> == This Month in Education: July 2023 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language. <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 12 • Issue 7 • July 2023</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/July 2023|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/July 2023/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2023/Wikimedia Kaduna Connect Campaign|Wikimedia Kaduna Connect Campaign]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2023/Wikimedia Serbia published a paper Promoting Equity in Access to Open Knowledge: An Example of the Wikipedia Educational Program|Wikimedia Serbia published a paper Promoting Equity in Access to Open Knowledge: An Example of the Wikipedia Educational Program]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2023/Wikimedia and Education Kailali Multiple campus|Wikimedia and Education Kailali Multiple campus]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2023/WikiCamp in Istog, Kosovo: Promoting Knowledge and Nature Appreciation|WikiCamp in Istog, Kosovo: Promoting Knowledge and Nature Appreciation]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2023/Wiki at the Brazilian National History Symposium|Wiki at the Brazilian National History Symposium]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2023/US & Canada program reaches 100M words added |US & Canada program reaches 100M words added]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2023/Renewed Community Wikiconference brought together experienced Wikipedians and newcomers|Renewed Community Wikiconference brought together experienced Wikipedians and newcomers]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2023/Kusaal Wikipedia Workshop at Ajumako Campus, University of Education, Winneba|Kusaal Wikipedia Workshop at Ajumako Campus, University of Education, Winneba]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2023/Join us to celebrate the Kiwix4Schools Africa Mentorship Program Graduation Ceremony|Join us to celebrate the Kiwix4Schools Africa Mentorship Program Graduation Ceremony]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2023/Activities that took place during the presentation of the WikiEducation book|Activities that took place during the presentation of the WikiEducation book. Educational practices and experiences in Mexico with Wikipedia and other open resources in Xalala, Veracruz from the Wikimedia Mexico Education Program]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2023/62+ Participants Graduates from the Kiwix4Schools Africa Mentorship Program|62+ Participants Graduates from the Kiwix4Schools Africa Mentorship Program]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2023/“Reading Wikipedia in the Classroom” course launched in Ukraine|“Reading Wikipedia in the Classroom” course launched in Ukraine]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2023/OFWA and Goethe Institute Host Wiki Skills For Librarians Workshop-Ghana|OFWA and Goethe Institute Host Wiki Skills For Librarians Workshop-Ghana]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] २१:१८, १४ अगस्ट २०२३ (नेपाली समय)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=25457946 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-33</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W33"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/33|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The Content translation system is no longer using Youdao's [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Content_translation/Translating/Initial_machine_translation|machine translation service]]. The service was in place for several years, but due to no usage, and availability of alternatives, it was deprecated to reduce maintenance overheads. Other services which cover the same languages are still available. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T329137] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.22|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-15|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-16|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-17|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]" ({{int:project-localized-name-lawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ladwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lbwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lbewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lezwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lfnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lgwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-liwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lijwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lmowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ltgwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lvwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-maiwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-map_bmswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mdfwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mgwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kywiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308136] <!-- TODO replace wiki codes --> '''Future changes''' * A few gadgets/user scripts which add icons to the Minerva skin need to have their CSS updated. There are more details available including a [[phab:T344067|search for all existing instances and how to update them]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/33|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W33"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ११:४५, १५ अगस्ट २०२३ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25428668 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-34</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W34"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/34|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [https://gdrive-to-commons.toolforge.org/ GDrive to Commons Uploader] tool is now available. It enables [[m:Special:MyLanguage/GDrive to Commons Uploader|securely selecting and uploading files]] from your Google Drive directly to Wikimedia Commons. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T267868] * From now on, we will announce new Wikimedia wikis in Tech News, so you can update any tools or pages. ** Since the last edition, two new wikis have been created: *** a Wiktionary in [[d:Q7121294|Pa'O]] ([[wikt:blk:|<code>wikt:blk:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T343540] *** a Wikisource in [[d:Q34002|Sundanese]] ([[s:su:|<code>s:su:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T343539] ** To catch up, the next most recent six wikis are: *** Wikifunctions ([[f:|<code>f:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T275945] *** a Wiktionary in [[d:Q2891049|Mandailing]] ([[wikt:btm:|<code>wikt:btm:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T335216] *** a Wikipedia in [[d:Q5555465|Ghanaian Pidgin]] ([[w:gpe:|<code>w:gpe:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T335969] *** a Wikinews in [[d:Q3111668|Gungbe]] ([[n:guw:|<code>n:guw:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334394] *** a Wiktionary in [[d:Q33522|Kabardian]] ([[wikt:kbd:|<code>wikt:kbd:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T333266] *** a Wikipedia in [[d:Q35570|Fante]] ([[w:fat:|<code>w:fat:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T335016] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.23|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-22|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-23|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-24|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] There is an existing [[mw:Stable interface policy|stable interface policy]] for MediaWiki backend code. There is a [[mw:User:Jdlrobson/Stable interface policy/frontend|proposed stable interface policy for frontend code]]. This is relevant for anyone who works on gadgets or Wikimedia frontend code. You can read it, discuss it, and let the proposer know if there are any problems. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344079] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/34|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W34"/> </div> २१:१०, २१ अगस्ट २०२३ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25497111 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-35</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W35"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/35|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] As part of the changes for the [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Better diff handling of paragraph splits|better diff handling of paragraph splits]], improved detection of splits is being rolled out. Over the last two weeks, we deployed this support to [[wikitech:Deployments/Train#Groups|group0]] and group1 wikis. This week it will be deployed to group2 wikis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341754] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] All [[{{#special:Contributions}}]] pages now show the user's local edit count and the account's creation date. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T324166] * Wikisource users can now use the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>prpbengalicurrency</code></bdi> label to denote Bengali currency characters as page numbers inside the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki><pagelist></nowiki></code></bdi> tag. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T268932] * Two preferences have been relocated. The preference "{{int:visualeditor-preference-visualeditor}}" is now shown on the [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|"{{int:prefs-editing}}" tab]] at all wikis. Previously it was shown on the "{{int:prefs-betafeatures}}" tab at some wikis. The preference "{{int:visualeditor-preference-newwikitexteditor-enable}}" is now also shown on the "{{int:prefs-editing}}" tab at all wikis, instead of the "{{int:prefs-betafeatures}}" tab. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T335056][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344158] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.24|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-29|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-30|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-31|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] New signups for a Wikimedia developer account will start being pushed towards <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[https://idm.wikimedia.org/ idm.wikimedia.org]</bdi>, rather than going via Wikitech. [[wikitech:IDM|Further information about the new system is available]]. * All right-to-left language wikis, plus Korean, Armenian, Ukrainian, Russian, and Bulgarian Wikipedias, will have a link in the sidebar that provides a short URL of that page, using the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia URL Shortener|Wikimedia URL Shortener]]. This feature will come to more wikis in future weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T267921] '''Future changes''' * The removal of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:DoubleWiki|DoubleWiki extension]] is being discussed. This extension currently allows Wikisource users to view articles from multiple language versions side by side when the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><=></code></bdi> symbol next to a specific language edition is selected. Comments on this are welcomed at [[phab:T344544|the phabricator task]]. * A proposal has been made to merge the second hidden-categories list (which appears below the wikitext editing form) with the main list of categories (which is further down the page). [[phab:T340606|More information is available on Phabricator]]; feedback is welcome! '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/35|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W35"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> १९:४५, २८ अगस्ट २०२३ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25510866 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-36</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W36"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/36|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[m:Wikisource_EditInSequence|EditInSequence]], a feature that allows users to edit pages faster on Wikisource has been moved to a Beta Feature based on community feedback. To enable it, you can navigate to the [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta features tab in Preferences]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308098] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] As part of the changes for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Generate Audio for IPA|Generate Audio for IPA]] and [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Multimedia and Commons/Audio links that play on click|Audio links that play on click]] wishlist proposals, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Phonos#Inline_audio_player_mode|inline audio player mode]] of [[mw:Extension:Phonos|Phonos]] has been deployed to all projects. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336763] * There is a new option for Administrators when they are changing the usergroups for a user, to add the user’s user page to their watchlist. This works both via [[{{#special:UserRights}}]] and via the API. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T272294] * One new wiki has been created: ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q34318|Talysh]] ([[w:tly:|<code>w:tly:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T345166] '''Problems''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:LoginNotify|LoginNotify extension]] was not sending notifications since January. It has now been fixed, so going forward, you may see notifications for failed login attempts, and successful login attempts from a new device. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344785] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.25|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-05|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-06|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-07|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]" ({{int:project-localized-name-mhrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-miwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-minwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mrjwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mtwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mwlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-myvwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mznwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nahwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-napwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ndswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nds_nlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-newiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-newwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-novwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nqowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nrmwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nsowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nvwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ocwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-olowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-omwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-orwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-oswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pagwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pamwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-papwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pcdwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pdcwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pflwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pihwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pmswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pnbwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pntwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pswiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308137][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308138] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/36|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W36"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०५:१९, ५ सेप्टेम्बर २०२३ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25566983 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-37</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W37"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/37|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/ORES|ORES]], the revision evaluation service, is now using a new open-source infrastructure on all wikis except for English Wikipedia and Wikidata. These two will follow this week. If you notice any unusual results from the Recent Changes filters that are related to ORES (for example, "{{int:ores-rcfilters-damaging-title}}" and "{{int:ores-rcfilters-goodfaith-title}}"), please [[mw:Talk:Machine Learning|report them]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T342115] * When you are logged in on one Wikimedia wiki and visit a different Wikimedia wiki, the system tries to log you in there automatically. This has been unreliable for a long time. You can now visit the login page to make the system try extra hard. If you feel that made logging in better or worse than it used to be, your feedback is appreciated. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326281] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.26|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-12|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-13|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-14|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Technical decision making|Technical Decision-Making Forum Retrospective]] team invites anyone involved in the technical field of Wikimedia projects to signup to and join [[mw:Technical decision making/Listening Sessions|one of their listening sessions]] on 13 September. Another date will be scheduled later. The goal is to improve the technical decision-making processes. * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] As part of the changes for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Better diff handling of paragraph splits|Better diff handling of paragraph splits]] wishlist proposal, the inline switch widget in diff pages is being rolled out this week to all wikis. The inline switch will allow viewers to toggle between a unified inline or two-column diff wikitext format. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336716] '''Future changes''' * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on 20 September. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|This is planned at 14:00 UTC.]] More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T345263] * The Enterprise API is launching a new feature called "[http://breakingnews-beta.enterprise.wikimedia.com/ breaking news]". Currently in BETA, this attempts to identify likely "newsworthy" topics as they are currently being written about in any Wikipedia. Your help is requested to improve the accuracy of its detection model, especially on smaller language editions, by recommending templates or identifiable editing patterns. See more information at [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise/Breaking news|the documentation page]] on MediaWiki or [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise/FAQ#What is Breaking News|the FAQ]] on Meta. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/37|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W37"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०२:५३, १२ सेप्टेम्बर २०२३ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25589064 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-38</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W38"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/38|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] MediaWiki now has a [[mw:Stable interface policy/frontend|stable interface policy for frontend code]] that more clearly defines how we deprecate MediaWiki code and wiki-based code (e.g. gadgets and user scripts). Thank you to everyone who contributed to the content and discussions. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T346467][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344079] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.27|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-19|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-20|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-21|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on September 20. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|This is planned at 14:00 UTC.]] [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T345263] * All wikis will have a link in the sidebar that provides a short URL of that page, using the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia URL Shortener|Wikimedia URL Shortener]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T267921] '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The team investigating the Graph Extension posted [[mw:Extension:Graph/Plans#Proposal|a proposal for reenabling it]] and they need your input. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/38|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W38"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०१:०५, १९ सेप्टेम्बर २०२३ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25623533 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-39</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W39"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/39|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The Vector 2022 skin will now remember the pinned/unpinned status for the Table of Contents for all logged-out users. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T316060] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.28|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-26|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-27|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-28|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The ResourceLoader <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mediawiki.ui</nowiki></code></bdi> modules are now deprecated as part of the move to Vue.js and Codex. There is a [[mw:Codex/Migrating_from_MediaWiki_UI|guide for migrating from MediaWiki UI to Codex]] for any tools that use it. More [[phab:T346468|details are available in the task]] and your questions are welcome there. * Gadget definitions will have a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets#Options|new "namespaces" option]]. The option takes a list of namespace IDs. Gadgets that use this option will only load on pages in the given namespaces. '''Future changes''' * New variables will be added to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]]: <code><bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">global_account_groups</bdi></code> and <code><bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">global_account_editcount</bdi></code>. They are available only when an account is being created. You can use them to prevent blocking automatic creation of accounts when users with many edits elsewhere visit your wiki for the first time. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T345632][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter/Rules_format] '''Meetings''' * You can join the next meeting with the Wikipedia mobile apps teams. During the meeting, we will discuss the current features and future roadmap. The meeting will be on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1698426015 27 October at 17:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Apps/Office_Hours#October_2023|details and how to join]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/39|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W39"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> २२:३६, २६ सेप्टेम्बर २०२३ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25655264 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-40</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W40"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/40|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * There is a new [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-rendering-advancedrendering|user preference]] for "{{int:tog-forcesafemode}}". This setting will make pages load without including any on-wiki JavaScript or on-wiki stylesheet pages. It can be useful for debugging broken JavaScript gadgets. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T342347] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Gadget definitions now have a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets#Options|new "<var>contentModels</var>" option]]. The option takes a list of page content models, like <code><bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">wikitext</bdi></code> or <code><bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">css</bdi></code>. Gadgets that use this option will only load on pages with the given content models. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.29|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-03|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-04|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-05|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The Vector 2022 skin will no longer use the custom styles and scripts of Vector legacy (2010). The change will be made later this year or in early 2024. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Features/Loading Vector 2010 scripts|how to adjust the CSS and JS pages on your wiki]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T331679] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/40|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W40"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०७:१२, ३ अक्टोबर २०२३ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25686930 --> == ५०,००० लेख प्रतियोगिता == <div style="color:#c9c6bd; box-shadow: 0 20px 20px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.900); border-radius: 20px;"> <div style="position: relative; background: #DC143C; width: 100%; padding:5px;"> <div style="text-align:center; font-size: 36px; margin-top: 15px;margin-left: 26px; font-family: 'Verdana'; line-height: 1.5em;">नमस्ते, <span style="color: #ebe6d8">'''{{safesubst:<noinclude />BASEPAGENAME}}'''ज्यू!</span> तपाईंलाई नयाँ '''{{Uline|c=#ebe6d8|{{Coloredlink|#ebe6d8|विकिपिडिया:५० हजार लेखहरू|५०,००० लेख प्रतियोगिता}}}}'''मा सामेल हुन हार्दिक निमन्त्रणा गरिन्छ</div> <div style="font-size:20px; color: #c9c6bd; padding: 20px;margin-left: 26px; text-align: center;">सबैभन्दा पहिले, नेपाली विकिपिडियामा योगदान गर्नुभएकोमा धन्यवाद। तपाईंलाई नयाँ ५०,००० लेख प्रतियोगितामा सामेल हुन आमन्त्रित गरिएको छ, एउटा चुनौतीपूर्ण प्रतिस्पर्धा जसले लगभग १७,८०० लेख सिर्जनाहरू गर्ने लक्ष्य राखेको छ। सबै विषयहरूका लेखहरू स्वागत छन्। यदि इच्छुक हुनुहुन्छ भने '''{{Coloredlink|#ebe6d8|विकिपिडिया:५० हजार लेखहरू|यो पृष्ठमा}}''' सामेल हुनुहोस् र योगदान गर्न सुरु गर्नुहोस्!</div> </div></div> धन्यवाद - [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १९:१९, ३ अक्टोबर २०२३ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:बडा काजी@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%AD&oldid=1171544 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-41</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W41"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/41|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q33291|Fon]] ([[w:fon:|<code>w:fon:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T347935] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.30|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-10|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-11|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-12|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]" ({{int:project-localized-name-swwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-wawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-warwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-wowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-xalwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-xhwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-xmfwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-yiwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-yowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-zawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-zeawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-zh_min_nanwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-zuwiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308139] * At some wikis, newcomers are suggested images from Commons to add to articles without any images. Starting on Tuesday, newcomers at these wikis will be able to add images to unillustrated article sections. The specific wikis are listed under "Images recommendations" [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Deployment table|at the Growth team deployment table]]. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add an image|learn more about this feature.]] [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T345940] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] In the mobile web skin (Minerva) the CSS ID <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>#page-actions</nowiki></code></bdi> will be replaced with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>#p-views</nowiki></code></bdi>. This change is to make it consistent with other skins and to improve support for gadgets and extensions in the mobile skin. A few gadgets may need to be updated; there are [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T348267 details and search-links in the task]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/41|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W41"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> २०:२४, ९ अक्टोबर २०२३ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25712895 --> == This Month in Education: September 2023 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language. <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 12 • Issue 7 • September 2023</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/September 2023|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/September 2023/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2023/Inauguration of the Kent Wiki Club at the Wikimania 2023 Conference|Inauguration of the Kent Wiki Club at the Wikimania 2023 Conference]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2023/Letter Magic: Supercharging Your WikiEducation Programs|Letter Magic: Supercharging Your WikiEducation Programs]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2023/Réseau @pprendre (Learning Network) : The Initiative for Educational Change in Francophone West Africa|Réseau @pprendre (Learning Network) : The Initiative for Educational Change in Francophone West Africa]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2023/WikiChallenge Ecoles d’Afrique closes its 5th edition with 13 winning schools|WikiChallenge Ecoles d’Afrique closes its 5th edition with 13 winning schools]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2023/WikiConecta: connecting Brazilian university professors and Wikimedia|WikiConecta: connecting Brazilian university professors and Wikimedia]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2023/Wikimedia Germany launches interactive event series Open Source AI in Education |Wikimedia Germany launches interactive event series Open Source AI in Education]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] १०:४६, १० अक्टोबर २०२३ (नेपाली समय)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=25700976 --> == Image Description Month in India Campaign == Dear Wikimedian, A2K has conducted an online activity or campaign which is an ongoing Image Description Month in India description-a-thon, a collaborative effort known as [[:m:Image Description Month|Image Description Month]]. This initiative aims to enhance image-related content across Wikimedia projects and is currently underway, running from October 1st to October 31st, 2023. Throughout this event, our focus remains centered on three primary areas: Wikipedia, Wikidata, and Wikimedia Commons. We have outlined several tasks, including the addition of captions to images on Wikipedia, the association of images with relevant Wikidata items, and improvements in the organization, categorization, and captions of media files on Wikimedia Commons. To participate, please visit our dedicated [[:m:CIS-A2K/Events/Image Description Month in India|event page]]. We encourage you to sign up on the respective meta page and generously contribute your time and expertise to make essential and impactful edits. Should you have any questions or require further information, please do not hesitate to reach out to me at nitesh@cis-india.org or [[User talk:Nitesh (CIS-A2K)|Nitesh (CIS-A2K)]]. Your active participation will play a significant role in enriching Wikimedia content, making it more accessible and informative for users worldwide. Join us in this ongoing journey of improvement and collaboration. Regards [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) २१:५४, १० अक्टोबर २०२३ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Nitesh (CIS-A2K)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Satpal_(CIS-A2K)/Mahatma_Gandhi_2020_edit-a-thon_Participants&oldid=20516231 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-42</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W42"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/42|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Unified login|Unified login]] system's edge login should now be fixed for some browsers (Chrome, Edge, Opera). This means that if you visit a new sister project wiki, you should be logged in automatically without the need to click "Log in" or reload the page. Feedback on whether it's working for you is welcome. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T347889] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Interface/Edit_notice|Edit notices]] are now available within the MobileFrontend/Minerva skin. This feature was inspired by [[w:en:Wikipedia:EditNoticesOnMobile|the gadget on English Wikipedia]]. See more details in [[phab:T316178|T316178]]. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.1|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-17|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-18|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-19|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * In 3 weeks, in the Vector 2022 skin, code related to <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>addPortletLink</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>#p-namespaces</nowiki></code></bdi> that was deprecated one year ago will be removed. If you notice tools that should appear next to the "Discussion" tab are then missing, please tell the gadget's maintainers to see [[phab:T347907|instructions in the Phabricator task]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/42|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W42"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०५:३२, १७ अक्टोबर २०२३ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25745824 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-43</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W43"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/43|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * There is a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language engineering/Newsletter/2023/October|Language and internationalization newsletter]], written quarterly. It contains updates on new feature development, improvements in various language-related technical projects, and related support work. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Source map support has been enabled on all wikis. When you open the debugger in your browser's developer tools, you should be able to see the unminified JavaScript source code. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T47514] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.2|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-24|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-25|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-26|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/43|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W43"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०५:०१, २४ अक्टोबर २०२३ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25782286 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-44</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W44"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/44|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The Structured Content team, as part of its project of [[:commons:Commons:WMF support for Commons/Upload Wizard Improvements|improving UploadWizard on Commons]], made some UX improvements to the upload step of choosing own vs not own work ([[phab:T347590|T347590]]), as well as to the licensing step for own work ([[phab:T347756|T347756]]). * The Design Systems team has released version 1.0.0 of [[wmdoc:codex/latest/|Codex]], the new design system for Wikimedia. See the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Design_Systems_Team/Announcing_Codex_1.0|full announcement about the release of Codex 1.0.0]]. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.3|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-31|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-01|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-02|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Listings on category pages are sorted on each wiki for that language using a [[:w:en:International Components for Unicode|library]]. For a brief period on 2 November, changes to categories will not be sorted correctly for many languages. This is because the developers are upgrading to a new version of the library. They will then use a script to fix the existing categories. This will take a few hours or a few days depending on how big the wiki is. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Technical Operations/ICU announcement|read more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T345561][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T267145] * Starting November 1, the impact module (Special:Impact) will be upgraded by the Growth team. The new impact module shows newcomers more data regarding their impact on the wiki. It was tested by a few wikis during the last few months. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336203] '''Future changes''' * There is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph/Plans#Roadmap|a proposed plan]] for re-enabling the Graph Extension. You can help by reviewing this proposal and [[mw:Extension_talk:Graph/Plans#c-PPelberg_(WMF)-20231020221600-Update:_20_October|sharing what you think about it]]. * The WMF is working on making it possible for administrators to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Community_configuration_2.0|edit MediaWiki configuration directly]]. This is similar to previous work on Special:EditGrowthConfig. [[phab:T349757|A technical RfC is running until November 08, where you can provide feedback.]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/44|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W44"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०५:०६, ३१ अक्टोबर २०२३ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25801989 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-45</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W45"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/45|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * In the Vector 2022 skin, the default font-size of a number of navigational elements (tagline, tools menu, navigational links, and more) has been increased slightly to match the font size used in page content. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T346062] '''Problems''' * Last week, there was a problem displaying some recent edits on [https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s5.dblist a few wikis], for 1-6 hours. The edits were saved but not immediately shown. This was due to a database problem. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350443] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.4|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-07|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-08|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-09|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). * The Growth team will reassign newcomers from former mentors to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Structured mentor list|the currently active mentors]]. They have also changed the notification language to be more user-friendly. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T330071][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T327493] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/45|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W45"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०२:५१, ७ नोभेम्बर २०२३ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25838105 --> == This Month in Education: October 2023 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language. <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">Volume 12 • Issue 8 • October 2023</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/October 2023|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/October 2023/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2023/3 Generations at Wikipedia Education Program in Türkiye|3 Generations at Wikipedia Education Program in Türkiye]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2023/CBSUA Launches Wiki Education in Partnership with PhilWiki Community and Bikol Wikipedia Community|CBSUA Launches Wiki Education in Partnership with PhilWiki Community and Bikol Wikipedia Community]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2023/Celebrating Wikidata’s Birthday in Elbasan|Celebrating Wikidata’s Birthday in Elbasan]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2023/Edu Wiki Camp 2023 - together in Sremski Karlovci|Edu Wiki Camp 2023 - together in Sremski Karlovci]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2023/PhilWiki Community promotes language preservation and cultural heritage advocacies at ADNU|PhilWiki Community promotes language preservation and cultural heritage advocacies at ADNU]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2023/PunjabWiki Education Program: A Wikipedia Adventure in Punjab|PunjabWiki Education Program: A Wikipedia Adventure in Punjab]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2023/WikiConference on Education ignites formation of Wikimedia communities|WikiConference on Education ignites formation of Wikimedia communities]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2023/Wikimedia Estonia talked about education at CEE meeting in Tbilisi|Wikimedia Estonia talked about education at CEE meeting in Tbilisi]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2023/Wikimedia in Brazil is going to be a book|Wikimedia in Brazil is going to be a book]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2023/Wikipedian Editor Project: Arabic Sounds Workshop 2023|Wikipedian Editor Project: Arabic Sounds Workshop 2023]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] १७:१९, ८ नोभेम्बर २०२३ (नेपाली समय)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=25784366 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-46</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W46"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/46|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Four new wikis have been created: ** a Wikipedia in [[d:Q7598268|Moroccan Amazigh]] ([[w:zgh:|<code>w:zgh:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350216] ** a Wikipedia in [[d:Q35159|Dagaare]] ([[w:dga:|<code>w:dga:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350218] ** a Wikipedia in [[d:Q33017|Toba Batak]] ([[w:bbc:|<code>w:bbc:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350320] ** a Wikiquote in [[d:Q33151|Banjar]] ([[q:bjn:|<code>q:bjn:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350217] '''Problems''' * Last week, users who previously visited Meta-Wiki or Wikimedia Commons and then became logged out on those wikis could not log in again. The problem is now resolved. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350695] * Last week, some pop-up dialogs and menus were shown with the wrong font size. The problem is now resolved. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350544] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.5|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-14|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-15|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-16|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * Reference Previews are coming to many wikis as a default feature. They are popups for references, similar to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Page Previews|PagePreviews feature]]. [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews#Opt-out feature|You can opt out]] of seeing them. If you are [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-gadgets|using the gadgets]] Reference Tooltips or Navigation Popups, you won’t see Reference Previews. [[phab:T282999|Deployment]] is planned for November 22, 2023. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Canary (also known as heartbeat) events will be produced into [https://stream.wikimedia.org/?doc#/streams Wikimedia event streams] from December 11. Streams users are advised to filter out these events, by discarding all events where <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>meta.domain == "canary"</nowiki></code></bdi>. Updates to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Pywikibot|Pywikibot]] or [https://github.com/ChlodAlejandro/wikimedia-streams wikimedia-streams] will discard these events by default. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T266798] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/46|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W46"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०५:३७, १४ नोभेम्बर २०२३ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25859263 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-47</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W47"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/47|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]" ({{int:project-localized-name-quwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-rmwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-rmywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-rnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-roa_rupwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-roa_tarawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ruewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-rwwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sahwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-satwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-scwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-scnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-scowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sdwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sgwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-shwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-siwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-skwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-slwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-smwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sqwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-srwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-srnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-stwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-stqwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-suwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-szlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tcywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tetwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tgwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-thwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-towiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tpiwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ttwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-twwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tyvwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-udmwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ugwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-uzwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-vewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-vecwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-vepwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-vlswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-vowiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308141][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308142][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308143] * The Vector 2022 skin will have some minor visual changes to drop-down menus, column widths, and more. These changes were added to four Wikipedias last week. If no issues are found, these changes will proceed to all wikis this week. These changes will make it possible to add new menus for readability and dark mode. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop_Improvements/Updates#November_2023:_Visual_changes,_more_deployments,_and_shifting_focus|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T347711] '''Future changes''' * There is [[mw:Extension talk:Graph/Plans#Update: 15 November|an update on re-enabling the Graph Extension]]. To speed up the process, Vega 2 will not be supported and only [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T335325 some protocols] will be available at launch. You can help by sharing what you think about the plan. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/47|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W47"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०६:४०, २१ नोभेम्बर २०२३ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25884616 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-48</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W48"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/48|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.7|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-28|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-29|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-30|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). There is no new MediaWiki version next week. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] MediaWiki's JavaScript system will now allow <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>async</code>/<code>await</code></bdi> syntax in gadgets and user scripts. Gadget authors should remember that users' browsers may not support it, so it should be used appropriately. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T343499] * The deployment of "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add_a_link|Add a link]]" announced [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/47|last week]] was postponed. It will resume this week. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/48|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W48"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०४:५४, २८ नोभेम्बर २०२३ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25906379 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-49</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W49"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/49|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The spacing between paragraphs on Vector 2022 has been changed from 7px to 14px to match the size of the text. This will make it easier to distinguish paragraphs from sentences. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T351754] * The "{{int:Visualeditor-dialog-meta-categories-defaultsort-label}}" feature in VisualEditor is working again. You no longer need to switch to source editing to edit <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>{{DEFAULTSORT:...}}</nowiki></code></bdi> keywords. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T337398] '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * On 6 December, people who have the enabled the preference for "{{int:Discussiontools-preference-visualenhancements}}" will notice the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability|talk page usability improvements]] appear on pages that include the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>__NEWSECTIONLINK__</nowiki></code></bdi> magic word. If you notice any issues, please [[phab:T352232|share them with the team on Phabricator]]. '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The Toolforge [[wikitech:News/Toolforge Grid Engine deprecation|Grid Engine shutdown process]] will start on December 14. Maintainers of [[toolforge:grid-deprecation|tools that still use this old system]] should plan to migrate to Kubernetes, or tell the team your plans on Phabricator in the task about your tool, before that date. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/VIWWQKMSQO2ED3TVUR7KPPWRTOBYBVOA/] * Communities using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured_Discussions|Structured Discussions]] are being contacted regarding [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured_Discussions/Deprecation|the upcoming deprecation of Structured Discussions]]. You can read more about this project, and share your comments, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured_Discussions/Deprecation|on the project's page]]. '''Events''' * Registration & Scholarship applications are now open for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Hackathon 2024|Wikimedia Hackathon 2024]] that will take place from 3–5 May in Tallinn, Estonia. Scholarship applications are open until 5 January 2024. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/49|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W49"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०५:३५, ५ डिसेम्बर २०२३ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25914435 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-50</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W50"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/50|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * On Wikimedia Commons, there are some minor user-interface improvements for the "choosing own vs not own work" step in the UploadWizard. This is part of the Structured Content team's project of [[:commons:Commons:WMF support for Commons/Upload Wizard Improvements|improving UploadWizard on Commons]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352707][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352709] '''Problems''' * There was a problem showing the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Personalized first day/Newcomer homepage|Newcomer homepage]] feature with the "impact module" and their page-view graphs, for a few days in early December. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352352][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352349] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.9|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-12-12|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-12-13|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-12-14|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=]] The [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/796964 2023 Developer Satisfaction Survey] is seeking the opinions of the Wikimedia developer community. Please take the survey if you have any role in developing software for the Wikimedia ecosystem. The survey is open until 5 January 2024, and has an associated [[foundation:Legal:December_2023_Developer_Satisfaction_Survey|privacy statement]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/50|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W50"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०७:५७, १२ डिसेम्बर २०२३ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25945501 --> == This Month in Education: November 2023 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language. <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 12 • Issue 9 • November 2023</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/November 2023|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/November 2023/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2023/4th WikiUNAM Editathon: Community knowledge strengthens education|4th WikiUNAM Editathon: Community knowledge strengthens education]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2023/Edit-a-thon at the Faculty of Medical Sciences of Santa Casa de São Paulo|Edit-a-thon at the Faculty of Medical Sciences of Santa Casa de São Paulo]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2023/EduWiki Nigeria Community: Embracing Digital Learning Through Wikipedia|EduWiki Nigeria Community: Embracing Digital Learning Through Wikipedia]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2023/Evening Wikischool offers Czech seniors further education on Wikipedia|Evening Wikischool offers Czech seniors further education on Wikipedia]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2023/Expansion of Wikipedia Education Program through Student Associations at Iranian Universities|Expansion of Wikipedia Education Program through Student Associations at Iranian Universities]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2023/Exploring Wikipedia through Wikiclubs and the Wikeys board game in Albania |Exploring Wikipedia through Wikiclubs and the Wikeys board game in Albania]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2023/First anniversary of the game Wikeys|First anniversary of the game Wikeys]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2023/Involve visiting students in education programs|Involve visiting students in education programs]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2023/Iranian Students as Wikipedians: Using Wikipedia to Teach Research Methodology and Encyclopedic Writing|Iranian Students as Wikipedians: Using Wikipedia to Teach Research Methodology and Encyclopedic Writing]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2023/Kiwix4Schools Nigeria: Bridging Knowledge Gap through Digital Literacy|Kiwix4Schools Nigeria: Bridging Knowledge Gap through Digital Literacy]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2023/Lire wikipedia en classe à Djougou au Bénin|Lire wikipedia en classe à Djougou au Bénin]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2023/Tyap Wikimedians Zaria Outreach|Tyap Wikimedians Zaria Outreach]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2023/Art Outreach at Aje Compreshensive Senior High School 1st November 2023, Lagos Mainland|Art Outreach at Aje Comprehensive Senior High School 1st November 2023, Lagos Mainland]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2023/PhilWiki Community holds a meet-up to advocate women empowerment|PhilWiki Community holds a meet-up to advocate women empowerment]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] १४:०९, १४ डिसेम्बर २०२३ (नेपाली समय)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=25919737 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-51</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W51"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/51|Translations]] are available. '''Tech News''' * The next issue of Tech News will be sent out on 8 January 2024 because of [[w:en:Christmas and holiday season|the holidays]]. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.10|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-12-19|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-12-20|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-12-21|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). There is no new MediaWiki version next week. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * Starting December 18, it won't be possible to activate Structured Discussions on a user's own talk page using the Beta feature. The Beta feature option remains available for users who want to deactivate Structured Discussions. This is part of [[mw:Structured Discussions/Deprecation|Structured Discussions' deprecation work]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T248309] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] There will be full support for redirects in the Module namespace. The "Move Page" feature will leave an appropriate redirect behind, and such redirects will be appropriately recognized by the software (e.g. hidden from [[{{#special:UnconnectedPages}}]]). There will also be support for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#Renaming or moving modules|manual redirects]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T120794] '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The MediaWiki JavaScript documentation is moving to a new format. During the move, you can read the old docs using [https://doc.wikimedia.org/mediawiki-core/REL1_41/js/ version 1.41]. Feedback about [https://doc.wikimedia.org/mediawiki-core/master/js/ the new site] is welcome on the [[mw:Talk:JSDoc_WMF_theme|project talk page]]. * The Wishathon is a new initiative that encourages collaboration across the Wikimedia community to develop solutions for wishes collected through the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey|Community Wishlist Survey]]. The first community Wishathon will take place from 15–17 March. If you are interested in a project proposal as a user, developer, designer, or product lead, you can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:WishathonMarch2024|register for the event and read more]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/51|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W51"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> २२:०३, १८ डिसेम्बर २०२३ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25959059 --> == [[User:Kulchandra pyakurel|Kulchandra pyakurel]]बाट प्रश्न (००:०५, २० डिसेम्बर २०२३) == नमस्कार profile मा आफ्नो फोटो कसरी राख्ने --[[User:Kulchandra pyakurel|Kulchandra pyakurel]] ([[User talk:Kulchandra pyakurel|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ००:०५, २० डिसेम्बर २०२३ (नेपाली समय) नमस्कार [[User:Kulchandra pyakurel|Kulchandra pyakurel]] तपाइले विकिमीडिया कमन्स [[यहाँ|https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard]] आफ्नो तस्विरहरु अपलोड जानुपर्ने छ र तपाईको आवश्यकता अनुसार [[file:filename]] राखी प्रयोग गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ [[User:Nawaraj Ghimire|Nawaraj Ghimire]] ([[User talk:Nawaraj Ghimire|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १६:२०, २० डिसेम्बर २०२३ (नेपाली समय) :Ok [[User:Kulchandra pyakurel|Kulchandra pyakurel]] ([[User talk:Kulchandra pyakurel|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) २१:२४, १५ अक्टोबर २०२४ (नेपाली समय) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-02</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W02"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/02|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [https://mediawiki2latex.wmflabs.org/ mediawiki2latex] is a tool that converts wiki content into the formats of LaTeX, PDF, ODT, and EPUB. The code now runs many times faster due to recent improvements. There is also an optional Docker container you can [[b:de:Benutzer:Dirk_Hünniger/wb2pdf/install#Using_Docker|install]] on your local machine. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The way that Random pages are selected has been updated. This will slowly reduce the problem of some pages having a lower chance of appearing. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T309477] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.13|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-09|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-10|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-11|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/02|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W02"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०७:०५, ९ जनवरी २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26026251 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-03</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W03"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/03|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Pages that use the JSON [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:ContentHandler|contentmodel]] will now use tabs instead of spaces for auto-indentation. This will significantly reduce the page size. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326065] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets|Gadgets]] and personal user scripts may now use JavaScript syntax introduced in ES6 (also known as "ES2015") and ES7 ("ES2016"). MediaWiki validates the source code to protect other site functionality from syntax errors, and to ensure scripts are valid in all [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Compatibility#Browsers|supported browsers]]. Previously, Gadgets could use the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>requiresES6</nowiki></code></bdi> option. This option is no longer needed and will be removed in the future. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T75714] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Bot passwords|Bot passwords]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/Owner-only consumers|owner-only OAuth consumers]] can now be restricted to allow editing only specific pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T349957] * You can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Thanks|thank]] edits made by bots. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341388] * An update on the status of the Community Wishlist Survey for 2024 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Future Of The Wishlist/January 4, 2024 Update|has been published]]. Please read and give your feedback. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.14|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-16|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-17|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-18|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * Starting on January 17, it will not be possible to login to Wikimedia wikis from some specific old versions of the Chrome browser (versions 51–66, released between 2016 and 2018). Additionally, users of iOS 12, or Safari on Mac OS 10.14, may need to login to each wiki separately. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344791] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>jquery.cookie</code></bdi> module was deprecated and replaced with the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>mediawiki.cookie</code></bdi> module last year. A script has now been run to replace any remaining uses, and this week the temporary alias will be removed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T354966] '''Future changes''' * Wikimedia Deutschland is working to [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Reusing references|make reusing references easier]]. They are looking for people who are interested in participating in [https://wikimedia.sslsurvey.de/User-research-into-Reusing-References-Sign-up-Form-2024/en/ individual video calls for user research in January and February]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/03|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W03"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०५:५८, १६ जनवरी २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26074460 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-04</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W04"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/04|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * A bug in UploadWizard prevented linking to the userpage of the uploader when uploading. It has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T354529] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.15|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-23|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-24|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-25|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/04|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W04"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०६:४९, २३ जनवरी २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26096197 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-05</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W05"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/05|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Starting Monday January 29, all talk pages messages' timestamps will become a link. This link is a permanent link to the comment. It allows users to find the comment they are looking for, even if this comment was moved elsewhere. This will affect all wikis except for the English Wikipedia. You can read more about this change [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/01/29/talk-page-permalinks-dont-lose-your-threads/ on Diff] or [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#Talk_pages_permalinking|on Mediawiki.org]].<!-- The Diff post will be published on Monday morning UTC--> [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T302011] * There are some improvements to the CAPTCHA to make it harder for spam bots and scripts to bypass it. If you have feedback on this change, please comment on [[phab:T141490|the task]]. Staff are monitoring metrics related to the CAPTCHA, as well as secondary metrics such as account creations and edit counts. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.16|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-30|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-31|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-01|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] On February 1, a link will be added to the "Tools" menu to download a [[w:en:QR code|QR code]] that links to the page you are viewing. There will also be a new [[{{#special:QrCode}}]] page to create QR codes for any Wikimedia URL. This addresses the [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Mobile and apps/Add ability to share QR code for a page in any Wikimedia project|#19 most-voted wish]] from the [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Results|2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T329973] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets|Gadgets]] which only work in some skins have sometimes used the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>targets</code></bdi> option to limit where you can use them. This will stop working this week. You should use the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>skins</code></bdi> option instead. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328497] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/05|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W05"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०१:१६, ३० जनवरी २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26137870 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-06</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W06"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/06|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' *The mobile site history pages now use the same HTML as the desktop history pages. If you hear of any problems relating to mobile history usage please point them to [[phab:T353388|the phabricator task]]. *On most wikis, admins can now block users from making specific actions. These actions are: uploading files, creating new pages, moving (renaming) pages, and sending thanks. The goal of this feature is to allow admins to apply blocks that are adequate to the blocked users' activity. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community health initiative/Partial blocks#action-blocks|Learn more about "action blocks"]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T242541][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T280531] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.17|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-06|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-07|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-08|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * Talk pages permalinks that included diacritics and non-Latin script were malfunctioning. This issue is fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T356199] '''Future changes''' * [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews#24WPs|24 Wikipedias]] with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reference_Tooltips|Reference Tooltips]] as a default gadget are encouraged to remove that default flag. This would make [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Reference_Previews|Reference Previews]] the new default for reference popups, leading to a more consistent experience across wikis. For [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews#46WPs|46 Wikipedias]] with less than 4 interface admins, the change is already scheduled for mid-February, [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews#Reference Previews to become the default for previewing references on more wikis.|unless there are concerns]]. The older Reference Tooltips gadget will still remain usable and will override this feature, if it is available on your wiki and you have enabled it in your settings. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/ReferencePreviews#Reference_Previews_to_become_the_default_for_previewing_references_on_more_wikis][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T355312] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/06|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W06"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०१:०७, ६ फेब्रुअरी २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26180971 --> == This Month in Education: January 2024 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language. <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 13 • Issue 1 • January 2024</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/January 2024|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/January 2024/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2024/Cross-Continental Wikimedia Activities: A Dialogue between Malaysia and Estonia|Cross-Continental Wikimedia Activities: A Dialogue between Malaysia and Estonia]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2024/Czech programme SWW in 2023 – how have we managed to engage students|Czech programme SWW in 2023 – how have we managed to engage students]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2024/Extending Updates on Wikipedia in Education – Elbasan, Albania|Extending Updates on Wikipedia in Education – Elbasan, Albania]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2024/Reading Wikipedia in the Classroom Teacher’s guide – now available in Bulgarian language|Reading Wikipedia in the Classroom Teacher’s guide – now available in Bulgarian language]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2024/Summer students at Auckland Museum|Summer students at Auckland Museum]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2024/WikiDunong: EduWiki Initiatives in the Philippines Project|WikiDunong: EduWiki Initiatives in the Philippines Project]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2024/Wikimedia Armenia's Educational Workshops|Wikimedia Armenia's Educational Workshops]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2024/Wikimedia Foundation publishes its first Child Rights Impact Assessment|Wikimedia Foundation publishes its first Child Rights Impact Assessment]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] १५:४७, १० फेब्रुअरी २०२४ (नेपाली समय)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=26091771 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-07</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W07"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/07|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [[d:Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS graph split|WDQS Graph Split experiment]] is working and loaded onto 3 test servers. The team in charge is testing the split's impact and requires feedback from WDQS users through the UI or programmatically in different channels. [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata_talk:SPARQL_query_service/WDQS_graph_split][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T356773][https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/User:Sannita_(WMF)] Users' feedback will validate the impact of various use cases and workflows around the Wikidata Query service. [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:SPARQL_query_service/WDQS_backend_update/October_2023_scaling_update][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikidata_Query_Service/User_Manual#Federation] '''Problems''' *There was a bug that affected the appearance of visited links when using mobile device to access wiki sites. It made the links appear black; [[phab:T356928|this issue]] is fixed. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.18|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-13|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-14|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-15|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] As work continues on the grid engine deprecation,[https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/News/Toolforge_Grid_Engine_deprecation] tools on the grid engine will be stopped starting on February 14th, 2024. If you have tools actively migrating you can ask for an extension so they are not stopped. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Portal:Toolforge/About_Toolforge#Communication_and_support] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/07|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W07"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ११:३४, १३ फेब्रुअरी २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26223994 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-08</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W08"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/08|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * If you have the "{{int:Tog-enotifwatchlistpages}}" option enabled, edits by bot accounts no longer trigger notification emails. Previously, only minor edits would not trigger the notification emails. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T356984] * There are changes to how user and site scripts load for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Vector/2022| Vector 2022]] on specific wikis. The changes impacted the following Wikis: all projects with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Vector|Vector legacy]] as the default skin, Wikivoyage, and Wikibooks. Other wikis will be affected over the course of the next three months. Gadgets are not impacted. If you have been affected or want to minimize the impact on your project, see [[Phab:T357580| this ticket]]. Please coordinate and take action proactively. *Newly auto-created accounts (the accounts you get when you visit a new wiki) now have the same local notification preferences as users who freshly register on that wiki. It is effected in four notification types listed in the [[phab:T353225|task's description]]. *The maximum file size when using [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Upload_Wizard|Upload Wizard]] is now 5 GiB. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T191804] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.19|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-20|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-21|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-22|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Selected tools on the grid engine have been [[wikitech:News/Toolforge_Grid_Engine_deprecation|stopped]] as we prepare to shut down the grid on March 14th, 2024. The tool's code and data have not been deleted. If you are a maintainer and you want your tool re-enabled reach out to the [[wikitech:Portal:Toolforge/About_Toolforge#Communication_and_support|team]]. Only tools that have asked for extension are still running on the grid. * The CSS <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>[https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/filter filter]</code></bdi> property can now be used in HTML <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>style</code></bdi> attributes in wikitext. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308160] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/08|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W08"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> २१:२२, १९ फेब्रुअरी २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26254282 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-09</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W09"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/09|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor_on_mobile|mobile visual editor]] is now the default editor for users who never edited before, at a small group of wikis. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor_on_mobile/VE_mobile_default#A/B_test_results| Research ]] shows that users using this editor are slightly more successful publishing the edits they started, and slightly less successful publishing non-reverted edits. Users who defined the wikitext editor as their default on desktop will get the wikitext editor on mobile for their first edit on mobile as well. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352127] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/ResourceLoader/Core modules#mw.config|mw.config]] value <code>wgGlobalGroups</code> now only contains groups that are active in the wiki. Scripts no longer have to check whether the group is active on the wiki via an API request. A code example of the above is: <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>if (/globalgroupname/.test(mw.config.get("wgGlobalGroups")))</code></bdi>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T356008] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.20|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-27|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-28|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-29|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''Future changes''' * The right to change [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Tags|edit tags]] (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>changetags</code></bdi>) will be removed from users in Wikimedia sites, keeping it by default for admins and bots only. Your community can ask to retain the old configuration on your wiki before this change happens. Please indicate in [[phab:T355639|this ticket]] to keep it for your community before the end of March 2024. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/09|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W09"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०१:०८, २७ फेब्रुअरी २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26294125 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-10</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W10"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/10|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>Special:Book</code></bdi> page (as well as the associated "Create a book" functionality) provided by the old [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Collection|Collection extension]] has been removed from all Wikisource wikis, as it was broken. This does not affect the ability to download normal books, which is provided by the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Wikisource|Wikisource extension]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358437] * [[m:Wikitech|Wikitech]] now uses the next-generation [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid|Parsoid]] wikitext parser by default to generate all pages in the Talk namespace. Report any problems on the [[mw:Talk:Parsoid/Parser_Unification/Known_Issues|Known Issues discussion page]]. You can use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:ParserMigration|ParserMigration]] extension to control the use of Parsoid; see the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration|ParserMigration help documentation]] for more details. * Maintenance on [https://etherpad.wikimedia.org etherpad] is completed. If you encounter any issues, please indicate in [[phab:T316421|this ticket]]. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=| Advanced item]] [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets|Gadgets]] allow interface admins to create custom features with CSS and JavaScript. The <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>Gadget</code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>Gadget_definition</code></bdi> namespaces and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>gadgets-definition-edit</code></bdi> user right were reserved for an experiment in 2015, but were never used. These were visible on Special:Search and Special:ListGroupRights. The unused namespaces and user rights are now removed. No pages are moved, and no changes need to be made. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T31272] * A usability improvement to the "Add a citation" in Wikipedia workflow has been made, the insert button was moved to the popup header. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T354847] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.21|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-05|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-06|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-07|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''Future changes''' * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on March 20. This is planned at 14:00 UTC. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358233] * The HTML markup of headings and section edit links will be changed later this year to improve accessibility. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Heading_HTML_changes|Heading HTML changes]] for details. The new markup will be the same as in the new Parsoid wikitext parser. You can test your gadget or stylesheet with the new markup if you add <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>?useparsoid=1</code></bdi> to your URL ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration#Selecting_a_parser_using_a_URL_query_string|more info]]) or turn on Parsoid read views in your user options ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration#Enabling_via_user_preference|more info]]). * '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/10|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W10"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०१:३२, ५ मार्च २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26329807 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-11</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W11"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/11|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.22|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-12|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-13|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-14|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * After consulting with various communities, the line height of the text on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Minerva Neue|Minerva skin]] will be increased to its previous value of 1.65. Different options for typography can also be set using the options in the menu, as needed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358498] *The active link color in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Minerva Neue|Minerva]] will be changed to provide more consistency with our other platforms and best practices. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358516] * [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Structured data|Structured data on Commons]] will no longer ask whether you want to leave the page without saving. This will prevent the “information you’ve entered may not be saved” popups from appearing when no information have been entered. It will also make file pages on Commons load faster in certain cases. However, the popups will be hidden even if information has indeed been entered. If you accidentally close the page before saving the structured data you entered, that data will be lost. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T312315] '''Future changes''' * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on March 20. This is planned at 14:00 UTC. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358233][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server_switch] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/11|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W11"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०४:४९, १२ मार्च २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26374013 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-12</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W12"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/12|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The notice "Language links are at the top of the page" that appears in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Vector/2022|Vector 2022 skin]] main menu has been removed now that users have learned the new location of the Language switcher. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T353619] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IP_Editing:_Privacy_Enhancement_and_Abuse_Mitigation/IP_Info_feature|IP info feature]] displays data from Spur, an IP addresses database. Previously, the only data source for this feature was MaxMind. Now, IP info is more useful for patrollers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341395] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The Toolforge Grid Engine services have been shut down after the final migration process from Grid Engine to Kubernetes. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Obsolete:Toolforge/Grid][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/News/Toolforge_Grid_Engine_deprecation][https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2022/03/14/toolforge-and-grid-engine/] * Communities can now customize the default reasons for undeleting a page by creating [[MediaWiki:Undelete-comment-dropdown]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326746] '''Problems''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/RevisionSlider|RevisionSlider]] is an interface to interactively browse a page's history. Users in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:RevisionSlider/Developing_a_RTL-accessible_feature_in_MediaWiki_-_what_we%27ve_learned_while_creating_the_RevisionSlider|right-to-left]] languages reported RevisionSlider reacting wrong to mouse clicks. This should be fixed now. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352169] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.23|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-19|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-20|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-21|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on March 20. This is planned at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1710943200 14:00 UTC]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358233][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server_switch] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/12|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W12"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> २३:२५, १८ मार्च २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26410165 --> == This Month in Education: February 2024 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language. <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 13 • Issue 2 • February 2024</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/February 2024|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/February 2024/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2024/2 new courses in Students Write Wikipedia Starting this February|2 new courses in Students Write Wikipedia Starting this February]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2024/More two wiki-education partnerships|More two wiki-education partnerships]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2024/Open Education Week 2024 in Mexico|Open Education Week 2024 in Mexico]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2024/Reading Wikipedia in Bolivia, the community grows|Reading Wikipedia in Bolivia, the community grows]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2024/Wiki Education Philippines promotes OERs utilization|Wiki Education Philippines promotes OERs utilization]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2024/Wiki Loves Librarians, Kaduna|Wiki Loves Librarians, Kaduna]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2024/Wiki Workshop 2024 CfP - Call for Papers Research track|Wiki Workshop 2024 CfP – Call for Papers Research track]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] ००:२३, २१ मार्च २०२४ (नेपाली समय)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=26310117 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-13</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W13"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/13|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] An update was made on March 18th 2024 to how various projects load site, user JavaScript and CSS in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Vector/2022|Vector 2022 skin]]. A [[phab:T360384|checklist]] is provided for site admins to follow. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.24|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-26|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-27|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-28|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/13|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W13"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ००:४२, २६ मार्च २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26446209 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-14</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W14"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/14|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Users of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility_for_reading|reading accessibility]] beta feature will notice that the default line height for the standard and large text options has changed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T359030] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.25|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-02|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-03|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-04|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''Future changes''' * The Wikimedia Foundation has an annual plan. The annual plan decides what the Wikimedia Foundation will work on. You can now read [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Product & Technology OKRs#Draft Key Results|the draft key results]] for the Product and Technology department. They are suggestions for what results the Foundation wants from big technical changes from July 2024 to June 2025. You can [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Product & Technology OKRs|comment on the talk page]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/14|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W14"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०९:२१, २ अप्रिल २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26462933 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-15</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W15"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/15|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Web browsers can use tools called [[:w:en:Browser extension|extensions]]. There is now a Chrome extension called [[m:Future Audiences/Experiment:Citation Needed|Citation Needed]] which you can use to see if an online statement is supported by a Wikipedia article. This is a small experiment to see if Wikipedia can be used this way. Because it is a small experiment, it can only be used in Chrome in English. * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] A new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit Recovery|Edit Recovery]] feature has been added to all wikis, available as a [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|user preference]]. Once you enable it, your in-progress edits will be stored in your web browser, and if you accidentally close an editing window or your browser or computer crashes, you will be prompted to recover the unpublished text. Please leave any feedback on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Edit-recovery feature|project talk page]]. This was the #8 wish in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey. * Initial results of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check|Edit check]] experiments [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit_check#4_April_2024|have been published]]. Edit Check is now deployed as a default feature at [[phab:T342930#9538364|the wikis that tested it]]. [[mw:Talk:Edit check|Let us know]] if you want your wiki to be part of the next deployment of Edit check. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T342930][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361727] * Readers using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Minerva Neue|Minerva skin]] on mobile will notice there has been an improvement in the line height across all typography settings. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T359029] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.26|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-09|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-10|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-11|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * New accounts and logged-out users will get the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor|visual editor]] as their default editor on mobile. This deployment is made at all wikis except for the English Wikipedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361134] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/15|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W15"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०५:२२, ९ अप्रिल २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26564838 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-16</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W16"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/16|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * Between 2 April and 8 April, on wikis using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:FlaggedRevs|Flagged Revisions]], the "{{Int:tag-mw-reverted}}" tag was not applied to undone edits. In addition, page moves, protections and imports were not autoreviewed. This problem is now fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361918][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361940] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.1|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-16|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-17|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-18|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#DEFAULTSORT|Default category sort keys]] will now affect categories added by templates placed in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Cite|footnotes]]. Previously footnotes used the page title as the default sort key even if a different default sort key was specified (category-specific sort keys already worked). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T40435] * A new variable <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>page_last_edit_age</code></bdi> will be added to [[Special:AbuseFilter|abuse filters]]. It tells how many seconds ago the last edit to a page was made. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T269769] '''Future changes''' * Volunteer developers are kindly asked to update the code of their tools and features to handle [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]]. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers/2024-04 CTA|Learn more]]. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Four database fields will be removed from database replicas (including [[quarry:|Quarry]]). This affects only the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>abuse_filter</code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>abuse_filter_history</code></bdi> tables. Some queries might need to be updated. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361996] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/16|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W16"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०५:१४, १६ अप्रिल २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26564838 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-17</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W17"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/17|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Starting this week, newcomers editing Wikipedia [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Positive reinforcement#Leveling up 3|will be encouraged]] to try structured tasks. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature summary#Newcomer tasks|Structured tasks]] have been shown to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Personalized first day/Structured tasks/Add a link/Experiment analysis, December 2021|improve newcomer activation and retention]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T348086] * You can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award|nominate your favorite tools]] for the fifth edition of the Coolest Tool Award. Nominations will be open until May 10. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.2|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-23|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-24|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-25|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''Future changes''' * This is the last warning that by the end of May 2024 the Vector 2022 skin will no longer share site and user scripts/styles with old Vector. For user-scripts that you want to keep using on Vector 2022, copy the contents of [[{{#special:MyPage}}/vector.js]] to [[{{#special:MyPage}}/vector-2022.js]]. There are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Features/Loading Vector 2010 scripts|more technical details]] available. Interface administrators who foresee this leading to lots of technical support questions may wish to send a mass message to your community, as was done on French Wikipedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T362701] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/17|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W17"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०२:१३, २३ अप्रिल २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26647188 --> == This Month in Education: March 2024 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language. <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 13 • Issue 3 • March 2024</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/March 2024|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/March 2024/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2024/Reading Wikipedia in the classroom, Kaduna|Reading Wikipedia in the classroom, Kaduna]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2024/Reading Wikipedia in Ukraine – the course for educators is now available on demand|Reading Wikipedia in Ukraine – the course for educators is now available on demand]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2024/Wiki Movement Brazil will once again support the Brazilian Linguistics Olympiad|Wiki Movement Brazil will once again support the Brazilian Linguistics Olympiad]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2024/Wikipedia within the Education Setting in Albania|Wikipedia within the Education Setting in Albania]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] १३:१३, २८ अप्रिल २०२४ (नेपाली समय)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=26659969 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-18</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W18"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/18|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' [[File:Talk_pages_default_look_(April_2023).jpg|thumb|alt=Screenshot of the visual improvements made on talk pages|Example of a talk page with the new design, in French.]] * The appearance of talk pages changed for the following wikis: {{int:project-localized-name-azwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-dewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hiwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-idwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ptwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-rowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-thwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ukwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-viwiki/en}}. These wikis participated to a test, where 50% of users got the new design, for one year. As this test [[Mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability/Analysis|gave positive results]], the new design is deployed on these wikis as the default design. It is possible to opt-out these changes [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|in user preferences]] ("{{int:discussiontools-preference-visualenhancements}}"). The deployment will happen at all wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341491] * Seven new wikis have been created: ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q33014|Betawi]] ([[w:bew:|<code>w:bew:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T357866] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q35708|Kusaal]] ([[w:kus:|<code>w:kus:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T359757] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q35513|Igala]] ([[w:igl:|<code>w:igl:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361644] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wiktionary}} in [[d:Q33541|Karakalpak]] ([[wikt:kaa:|<code>wikt:kaa:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T362135] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource}} in [[d:Q9228|Burmese]] ([[s:my:|<code>s:my:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361085] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource}} in [[d:Q9237|Malay]] ([[s:ms:|<code>s:ms:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T363039] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource}} in [[d:Q8108|Georgian]] ([[s:ka:|<code>s:ka:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T363085] * You can now [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Support#Early_access:_Watch_Message_Groups_on_Translatewiki.net watch message groups/projects] on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/translatewiki.net|Translatewiki.net]]. Initially, this feature will notify you of added or deleted messages in these groups. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T348501] * Dark mode is now available on all wikis, on mobile web for logged-in users who opt into the [[Special:MobileOptions|advanced mode]]. This is the early release of the feature. Technical editors are invited to [https://night-mode-checker.wmcloud.org/ check for accessibility issues on wikis]. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading/Updates/2024-04|more detailed guidelines]]. '''Problems''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] maps can use an alternative visual style without labels, by using <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mapstyle="osm"</nowiki></code></bdi>. This wasn't working in previews, creating the wrong impression that it wasn't supported. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T362531] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.3|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-30|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-01|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-02|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/18|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W18"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०९:१९, ३० अप्रिल २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26689057 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Reminder to vote now to select members of the first U4C</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – vote reminder|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – vote reminder}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Dear Wikimedian, You are receiving this message because you previously participated in the UCoC process. This is a reminder that the voting period for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) ends on May 9, 2024. Read the information on the [[Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024|voting page on Meta-wiki]] to learn more about voting and voter eligibility. The Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. Community members were invited to submit their applications for the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, please [[Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this message with members of your community so they can participate as well. On behalf of the UCoC project team,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] ०४:३८, ३ मे २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2024/Previous_voters_list_3&oldid=26721208 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-19</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W19"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/19|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' [[File:Talk_pages_default_look_(April_2023).jpg|thumb|alt=Screenshot of the visual improvements made on talk pages|Example of a talk page with the new design, in French.]] * The appearance of talk pages changed for all wikis, except for Commons, Wikidata and most Wikipedias ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/18|a few]] have already received this design change). You can read the detail of the changes [[diffblog:2024/05/02/making-talk-pages-better-for-everyone/|on ''Diff'']]. It is possible to opt-out these changes [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|in user preferences]] ("{{int:discussiontools-preference-visualenhancements}}"). The deployment will happen at remaining wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352087][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T319146] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Interface admins now have greater control over the styling of article components on mobile with the introduction of the <code>SiteAdminHelper</code>. More information on how styles can be disabled can be found [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:WikimediaMessages#Site_admin_helper|at the extension's page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T363932] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise|Wikimedia Enterprise]] has added article body sections in JSON format and a curated short description field to the existing parsed Infobox. This expansion to the API is also available via Wikimedia Cloud Services. [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/article-sections-and-description/] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.4|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-07|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-08|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-09|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * When you look at the Special:Log page, the first view is labelled "All public logs", but it only shows some logs. This label will now say "Main public logs". [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T237729] '''Future changes''' * A new service will be built to replace [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph|Extension:Graph]]. Details can be found in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph/Plans|the latest update]] regarding this extension. * Starting May 21, English Wikipedia and German Wikipedia will get the possibility to activate "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]". This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to all Wikipedias]]. These communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|activate and configure the feature locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308144] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/19|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W19"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> २२:३०, ६ मे २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26729363 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-20</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W20"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/20|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * On Wikisource there is a special page listing pages of works without corresponding scan images. Now you can use the new magic word <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>__EXPECTWITHOUTSCANS__</code></bdi> to exclude certain pages (list of editions or translations of works) from that list. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344214] * If you use the [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|user-preference]] "{{int:tog-uselivepreview}}", then the template-page feature "{{int:Templatesandbox-editform-legend}}" will now also work without reloading the page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T136907] * [[mw:Special:Mylanguage/Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] maps can now specify an alternative text via the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>alt=</nowiki></code></bdi> attribute. This is identical in usage to the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>alt=</nowiki></code></bdi> attribute in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Images#Syntax|image and gallery syntax]]. An exception for this feature is wikis like Wikivoyage where the miniature maps are interactive. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328137] * The old [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GuidedTour|Guided Tour]] for the "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit Review Improvements/New filters for edit review|New Filters for Edit Review]]" feature has been removed. It was created in 2017 to show people with older accounts how the interface had changed, and has now been seen by most of the intended people. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T217451] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.5|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-14|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-15|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-16|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The [[{{#special:search}}]] results page will now use CSS flex attributes, for better accessibility, instead of a table. If you have a gadget or script that adjusts search results, you should update your script to the new HTML structure. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T320295] '''Future changes''' * In the Vector 2022 skin, main pages will be displayed at full width (like special pages). The goal is to keep the number of characters per line large enough. This is related to the coming changes to typography in Vector 2022. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading/Updates|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T357706] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Two columns of the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:pagelinks table|pagelinks]]</code></bdi> database table (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>pl_namespace</code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>pl_title</code></bdi>) are being dropped soon. Users must use two columns of the new <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>[[mw:special:MyLanguage/Manual:linktarget table|linktarget]]</code></bdi> table instead (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>lt_namespace</code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>lt_title</code></bdi>). In your existing SQL queries: *# Replace <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>JOIN pagelinks</code></bdi> with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>JOIN linktarget</code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>pl_</code></bdi> with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>lt_</code></bdi> in the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>ON</code></bdi> statement *# Below that add <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>JOIN pagelinks ON lt_id = pl_target_id</code></bdi> ** See <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[phab:T222224]]</bdi> for technical reasoning. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T222224][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T299947] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/20|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W20"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०५:४४, १४ मे २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26762074 --> == This Month in Education: April 2024 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language. <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 13 • Issue 4 • April 2024</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/April 2024|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/April 2024/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2024/EduWiki Updates From Uganda|EduWiki Updates From Uganda]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2024/Good news from Bolivia: Reading Wikipedia Program continues in 2024|Good news from Bolivia: Reading Wikipedia Program continues in 2024]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2024/Hearing Health Project: Impactful partnership with Wiki Movement Brazil|Hearing Health Project: Impactful partnership with Wiki Movement Brazil]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2024/Wikimedia Spain, Amical Wikimedia and the University of Valencia develop Wikipedia educational project|Wikimedia Spain, Amical Wikimedia and the University of Valencia develop Wikipedia educational project]]</div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] ०९:०५, १४ मे २०२४ (नेपाली समय)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=26698909 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-21</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W21"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/21|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Nuke|Nuke]] feature, which enables administrators to mass delete pages, will now correctly delete pages which were moved to another title. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T43351] * New changes have been made to the UploadWizard in Wikimedia Commons: the overall layout has been improved, by following new styling and spacing for the form and its fields; the headers and helper text for each of the fields was changed; the Caption field is now a required field, and there is an option for users to copy their caption into the media description. [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:WMF_support_for_Commons/Upload_Wizard_Improvements#Changes_to_%22Describe%22_workflow][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361049] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.6|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-21|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-22|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-23|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The HTML used to render all headings [[mw:Heading_HTML_changes|is being changed to improve accessibility]]. It will change on 22 May in some skins (Timeless, Modern, CologneBlue, Nostalgia, and Monobook). Please test gadgets on your wiki on these skins and [[phab:T13555|report any related problems]] so that they can be resolved before this change is made in all other skins. The developers are also considering the introduction of a [[phab:T337286|Gadget API for adding buttons to section titles]] if that would be helpful to tool creators, and would appreciate any input you have on that. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/21|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W21"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०४:४९, २१ मे २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26786311 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-22</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W22"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/22|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Several bugs related to the latest updates to the UploadWizard on Wikimedia Commons have been fixed. For more information, see [[:phab:T365107|T365107]] and [[:phab:T365119|T365119]]. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] In March 2024 a new [[mw:ResourceLoader/Core_modules#addPortlet|addPortlet]] API was added to allow gadgets to create new portlets (menus) in the skin. In certain skins this can be used to create dropdowns. Gadget developers are invited to try it and [[phab:T361661|give feedback]]. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Some CSS in the Minerva skin has been removed to enable easier community configuration. Interface editors should check the rendering on mobile devices for aspects related to the classes: <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>.collapsible</code></bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>.multicol</code></bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>.reflist</code></bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>.coordinates</code></bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>.topicon</code></bdi>. [[phab:T361659|Further details are available on replacement CSS]] if it is needed. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.7|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-28|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-29|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-30|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * When you visit a wiki where you don't yet have a local account, local rules such as edit filters can sometimes prevent your account from being created. Starting this week, MediaWiki takes your global rights into account when evaluating whether you can override such local rules. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T316303] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/22|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W22"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०६:००, २८ मे २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26832205 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-23</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W23"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/23|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * It is now possible for local administrators to add new links to the bottom of the site Tools menu without JavaScript. [[mw:Manual:Interface/Sidebar#Add or remove toolbox sections|Documentation is available]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T6086] * The message name for the definition of the tracking category of WikiHiero has changed from "<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>MediaWiki:Wikhiero-usage-tracking-category</code></bdi>" to "<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>MediaWiki:Wikihiero-usage-tracking-category</code></bdi>". [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/c/mediawiki/extensions/wikihiero/+/1035855] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q5317225|Kadazandusun]] ([[w:dtp:|<code>w:dtp:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T365220] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.8|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-04|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-05|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-06|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''Future changes''' * Next week, on wikis with the Vector 2022 skin as the default, logged-out desktop users will be able to choose between different font sizes. The default font size will also be increased for them. This is to make Wikimedia projects easier to read. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading/Updates/2024-06 deployments|Learn more]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/23|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W23"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०४:२०, ४ जुन २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26844397 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-24</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W24"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/24|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The software used to render SVG files has been updated to a new version, fixing many longstanding bugs in SVG rendering. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T265549] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The HTML used to render all headings [[mw:Heading HTML changes|is being changed to improve accessibility]]. It was changed last week in some skins (Vector legacy and Minerva). Please test gadgets on your wiki on these skins and [[phab:T13555|report any related problems]] so that they can be resolved before this change is made in Vector-2022. The developers are still considering the introduction of a [[phab:T337286|Gadget API for adding buttons to section titles]] if that would be helpful to tool creators, and would appreciate any input you have on that. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The HTML markup used for citations by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid|Parsoid]] changed last week. In places where Parsoid previously added the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>mw-reference-text</code></bdi> class, Parsoid now also adds the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>reference-text</code></bdi> class for better compatibility with the legacy parser. [[mw:Specs/HTML/2.8.0/Extensions/Cite/Announcement|More details are available]]. [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/1036705] '''Problems''' * There was a bug with the Content Translation interface that caused the tools menus to appear in the wrong location. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366374] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.9|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-11|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-12|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-13|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The new version of MediaWiki includes another change to the HTML markup used for citations: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid|Parsoid]] will now generate a <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki><span class="mw-cite-backlink"></nowiki></code></bdi> wrapper for both named and unnamed references for better compatibility with the legacy parser. Interface administrators should verify that gadgets that interact with citations are compatible with the new markup. [[mw:Specs/HTML/2.8.0/Extensions/Cite/Announcement|More details are available]]. [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/1035809] * On multilingual wikis that use the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki><translate></nowiki></code></bdi> system, there is a feature that shows potentially-outdated translations with a pink background until they are updated or confirmed. From this week, confirming translations will be logged, and there is a new user-right that can be required for confirming translations if the community [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Requesting wiki configuration changes|requests it]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T49177] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/24|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W24"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०२:०५, ११ जुन २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26893898 --> == This Month in Education: May 2024 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language. <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 13 • Issue 5 • May 2024</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/May 2024|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/May 2024/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2024/Albania - Georgia Wikimedia Cooperation 2024|Albania - Georgia Wikimedia Cooperation 2024]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2024/Aleksandër Xhuvani University Editathon in Elbasan|Aleksandër Xhuvani University Editathon in Elbasan]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2024/Central Bicol State University of Agriculture LitFest features translation and article writing on Wikipedia|Central Bicol State University of Agriculture LitFest features translation and article writing on Wikipedia]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2024/Empowering Youth Council in Bulqiza through editathons|Empowering Youth Council in Bulqiza through editathons]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2024/We left a piece of our hearts at Arhavi|We left a piece of our hearts at Arhavi]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2024/Wiki Movimento Brasil at Tech Week and Education Speaker Series |Wiki Movimento Brasil at Tech Week and Education Speaker Series]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2024/Wikimedia MKD trains new users in collaboration with MYLA|Wikimedia MKD trains new users in collaboration with MYLA]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] १९:१५, १५ जुन २०२४ (नेपाली समय)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=26854161 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-25</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W25"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/25|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * People who attempt to add an external link in the visual editor will now receive immediate feedback if they attempt to link to a domain that a project has decided to block. Please see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit_check#11_June_2024|Edit check]] for more details. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366751] * The new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CommunityConfiguration|Community Configuration extension]] is available [[testwiki:Special:CommunityConfiguration|on Test Wikipedia]]. This extension allows communities to customize specific features to meet their local needs. Currently only Growth features are configurable, but the extension will support other [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Community_configuration#Use_cases|Community Configuration use cases]] in the future. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T323811][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T360954] * The dark mode [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]] is now available on category and help pages, as well as more special pages. There may be contrast issues. Please report bugs on the [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Accessibility_for_reading|project talk page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366370] '''Problems''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Cloud Services tools were not available for 25 minutes last week. This was caused by a faulty hardware cable in the data center. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incidents/2024-06-11_WMCS_Ceph] * Last week, styling updates were made to the Vector 2022 skin. This caused unforeseen issues with templates, hatnotes, and images. Changes to templates and hatnotes were reverted. Most issues with images were fixed. If you still see any, [[phab:T367463|report them here]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T367480] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.10|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-18|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-19|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-20|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * Starting June 18, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#ref|Reference Edit Check]] will be deployed to [[phab:T361843|a new set of Wikipedias]]. This feature is intended to help newcomers and to assist edit-patrollers by inviting people who are adding new content to a Wikipedia article to add a citation when they do not do so themselves. During [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit_check#Reference_Check_A/B_Test|a test at 11 wikis]], the number of citations added [https://diff.wikimedia.org/?p=127553 more than doubled] when Reference Check was shown to people. Reference Check is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Configuration|community configurable]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361843]<!-- NOTE: THE DIFF BLOG WILL BE PUBLISHED ON MONDAY --> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Mailing_lists|Mailing lists]] will be unavailable for roughly two hours on Tuesday 10:00–12:00 UTC. This is to enable migration to a new server and upgrade its software. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T367521] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/25|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W25"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०५:३४, १८ जुन २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26911987 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-26</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W26"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/26|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Editors will notice that there have been some changes to the background color of text in the diff view, and the color of the byte-change numbers, last week. These changes are intended to make text more readable in both light mode and dark mode, and are part of a larger effort to increase accessibility. You can share your comments or questions [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading|on the project talkpage]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361717] * The text colors that are used for visited-links, hovered-links, and active-links, were also slightly changed last week to improve their accessibility in both light mode and dark mode. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366515] '''Problems''' * You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#Talk pages permalinking|copy permanent links to talk page comments]] by clicking on a comment's timestamp. [[mw:Talk pages project/Permalinks|This feature]] did not always work when the topic title was very long and the link was used as a wikitext link. This has been fixed. Thanks to Lofhi for submitting the bug. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T356196] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.11|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-25|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-26|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-27|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * Starting 26 June, all talk pages messages' timestamps will become a link at English Wikipedia, making this feature available for you to use at all wikis. This link is a permanent link to the comment. It allows users to find the comment they were linked to, even if this comment has since been moved elsewhere. You can read more about this feature [[DiffBlog:/2024/01/29/talk-page-permalinks-dont-lose-your-threads/|on Diff]] or [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#Talk pages permalinking|on Mediawiki.org]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T365974] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/26|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W26"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०४:१८, २५ जुन २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26989424 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-27</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W27"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/27|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Over the next three weeks, dark mode will become available for all users, both logged-in and logged-out, starting with the mobile web version. This fulfils one of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community_Wishlist_Survey_2023/Reading/Dark_mode|top-requested community wishes]], and improves low-contrast reading and usage in low-light settings. As part of these changes, dark mode will also work on User-pages and Portals. There is more information in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility_for_reading/Updates#June_2024:_Typography_and_dark_mode_deployments,_new_global_preferences|the latest Web team update]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366364] * Logged-in users can now set [[m:Special:GlobalPreferences#mw-prefsection-rendering-skin-skin-prefs|global preferences for the text-size and dark-mode]], thanks to a combined effort across Foundation teams. This allows Wikimedians using multiple wikis to set up a consistent reading experience easily, for example by switching between light and dark mode only once for all wikis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341278] * If you use a very old web browser some features might not work on the Wikimedia wikis. This affects Internet Explorer 11 and versions of Chrome, Firefox and Safari older than 2016. This change makes it possible to use new [[d:Q46441|CSS]] features and to send less code to all readers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T288287][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:How_to_make_a_MediaWiki_skin#Using_CSS_variables_for_supporting_different_themes_e.g._dark_mode] * Wikipedia Admins can customize local wiki configuration options easily using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Community Configuration|Community Configuration]]. Community Configuration was created to allow communities to customize how some features work, because each language wiki has unique needs. At the moment, admins can configure [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature_summary|Growth features]] on their home wikis, in order to better recruit and retain new editors. More options will be provided in the coming months. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366458] * Editors interested in language issues that are related to [[w:en:Unicode|Unicode standards]], can now discuss those topics at [[mw:Talk:WMF membership with Unicode Consortium|a new conversation space in MediaWiki.org]]. The Wikimedia Foundation is now a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/WMF membership with Unicode Consortium|member of the Unicode Consortium]], and the coordination group can collaboratively review the issues discussed and, where appropriate, bring them to the attention of the Unicode Consortium. * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q2891049|Mandailing]] ([[w:btm:|<code>w:btm:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368038] '''Problems''' * Editors can once again click on links within the visual editor's citation-preview, thanks to a bug fix by the Editing Team. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368119] '''Future changes''' * Please [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/758713?lang=en help us to improve Tech News by taking this short survey]. The goal is to better meet the needs of the various types of people who read Tech News. The survey will be open for 2 weeks. The survey is covered by [https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Legal:Tech_News_Survey_2024_Privacy_Statement this privacy statement]. Some translations are available. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/27|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W27"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०५:४४, २ जुलाई २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27038456 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-28</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W28"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/28|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * At the Wikimedia Foundation a new task force was formed to replace the disabled Graph with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project|more secure, easy to use, and extensible Chart]]. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Newsletter:Chart Project|subscribe to the newsletter]] to get notified about new project updates and other news about Chart. * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents]] extension is now available on Meta-wiki, Igbo Wikipedia, and Swahili Wikipedia, and can be requested on your wiki. This extension helps in managing and making events more visible, giving Event organizers the ability to use tools like the Event registration tool. To learn more about the deployment status and how to request this extension for your wiki, visit the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment_status|CampaignEvents page on Meta-wiki]]. * Editors using the iOS Wikipedia app who have more than 50 edits can now use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/iOS Suggested edits#Add an image|Add an Image]] feature. This feature presents opportunities for small but useful contributions to Wikipedia. * Thank you to [[mw:MediaWiki Product Insights/Contributor retention and growth/Celebration|all of the authors]] who have contributed to MediaWiki Core. As a result of these contributions, the [[mw:MediaWiki Product Insights/Contributor retention and growth|percentage of authors contributing more than 5 patches has increased by 25% since last year]], which helps ensure the sustainability of the platform for the Wikimedia projects. '''Problems''' * A problem with the color of the talkpage tabs always showing as blue, even for non-existent pages which should have been red, affecting the Vector 2022 skin, [[phab:T367982|has been fixed]]. '''Future changes''' * The Trust and Safety Product team wants to introduce [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] with as little disruption to tools and workflows as possible. Volunteer developers, including gadget and user-script maintainers, are kindly asked to update the code of their tools and features to handle temporary accounts. The team has [[mw:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers|created documentation]] explaining how to do the update. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers/2024-04 CTA|Learn more]]. '''Tech News survey''' * Please [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/758713?lang=en help us to improve Tech News by taking this short survey]. The goal is to better meet the needs of the various types of people who read Tech News. The survey will be open for 1 more week. The survey is covered by [https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Legal:Tech_News_Survey_2024_Privacy_Statement this privacy statement]. Some translations are available. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/28|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W28"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०३:१७, ९ जुलाई २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27080357 --> == This Month in Education: June 2024 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language. <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 13 • Issue 6 • June 2024</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/June 2024|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/June 2024/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2024/From a Language Teacher to a Library Support Staff: The Wikimedia Effect|From a Language Teacher to a Library Support Staff: The Wikimedia Effect]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2024/5th WikiEducation 2024 Conference in Mexico|5th WikiEducation 2024 Conference in Mexico]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2024/Lviv hosted a spring wikischool for Ukrainian high school students|Lviv hosted a spring wikischool for Ukrainian high school students]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2024/First class of teachers graduated from Reading Wikipedia in the Classroom 2024|First class of teachers graduated from Reading Wikipedia in the Classroom 2024]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2024/Empowering Digital Citizenship: Unlocking the Power of Open Knowledge with Participants of the LIFE Legacy|Empowering Digital Citizenship: Unlocking the Power of Open Knowledge with Participants of the LIFE Legacy]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2024/Wiki Movimento Brazil supports online and in-person courses and launches material to guide educators in using Wikimedia projects |Wiki Movimento Brazil supports online and in-person courses and launches material to guide educators in using Wikimedia projects]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2024/Where to find images for free? Webinar for librarians answered many questions|Where to find images for free? Webinar for librarians answered many questions]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2024/Wikimedia MKD and University of Goce Delchev start a mutual collaboration|Wikimedia MKD and University of Goce Delchev start a mutual collaboration]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] १२:४३, ९ जुलाई २०२४ (नेपाली समय)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=27085892 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-29</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W29"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/29|Translations]] are available. '''Tech News survey''' * Please [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/758713?lang=en help us to improve Tech News by taking this short survey]. The goal is to better meet the needs of the various types of people who read Tech News. The survey will be open for 3 more days. The survey is covered by [https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Legal:Tech_News_Survey_2024_Privacy_Statement this privacy statement]. Some translations are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Wikimedia developers can now officially continue to use both [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Gerrit|Gerrit]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]], due to a June 24 decision by the Wikimedia Foundation to support software development on both platforms. Gerrit and GitLab are both code repositories used by developers to write, review, and deploy the software code that supports the MediaWiki software that the wiki projects are built on, as well as the tools used by editors to create and improve content. This decision will safeguard the productivity of our developers and prevent problems in code review from affecting our users. More details are available in the [[mw:GitLab/Migration status|Migration status]] page. * The Wikimedia Foundation seeks applicants for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Proposal|Product and Technology Advisory Council]] (PTAC). This group will bring technical contributors and Wikimedia Foundation together to co-define a more resilient, future-proof technological platform. Council members will evaluate and consult on the movement's product and technical activities, so that we develop multi-generational projects. We are looking for a range of technical contributors across the globe, from a variety of Wikimedia projects. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Proposal#Joining the PTAC as a technical volunteer|Please apply here by August 10]]. * Editors with rollback user-rights who use the Wikipedia App for Android can use the new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/Anti Vandalism|Edit Patrol]] features. These features include a new feed of Recent Changes, related links such as Undo and Rollback, and the ability to create and save a personal library of user talk messages to use while patrolling. If your wiki wants to make these features available to users who do not have rollback rights but have reached a certain edit threshold, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android#Contact us|you can contact the team]]. You can [[diffblog:2024/07/10/ِaddressing-vandalism-with-a-tap-the-journey-of-introducing-the-patrolling-feature-in-the-mobile-app/|read more about this project on Diff blog]]. * Editors who have access to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/The_Wikipedia_Library|The Wikipedia Library]] can once again use non-open access content in SpringerLinks, after the Foundation [[phab:T368865|contacted]] them to restore access. You can read more about [[m:Tech/News/Recently_resolved_community_tasks|this and 21 other community-submitted tasks that were completed last week]]. '''Changes later this week''' * This week, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading/Updates/2024-07 deployments|dark mode will be available on a number of Wikipedias]], both desktop and mobile, for logged-in and logged-out users. Interface admins and user script maintainers are encouraged to check gadgets and user scripts in the dark mode, to find any hard-coded colors and fix them. There are some [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Recommendations for night mode compatibility on Wikimedia wikis|recommendations for dark mode compatibility]] to help. '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Next week, functionaries, volunteers maintaining tools, and software development teams are invited to test the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] feature on testwiki. Temporary accounts is a feature that will help improve privacy on the wikis. No further temporary account deployments are scheduled yet. Please [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|share your opinions and questions on the project talk page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T348895] * Editors who upload files cross-wiki, or teach other people how to do so, may wish to join a Wikimedia Commons discussion. The Commons community is discussing limiting who can upload files through the cross-wiki upload/Upload dialog feature to users auto-confirmed on Wikimedia Commons. This is due to the large amount of copyright violations uploaded this way. There is a short summary at [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Cross-wiki upload|Commons:Cross-wiki upload]] and [[c:Commons:Village pump/Proposals#Deactivate cross-wiki uploads for new users|discussion at Commons:Village Pump]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/29|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' You can also get other news from the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin]]. </div><section end="technews-2024-W29"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०७:१६, १६ जुलाई २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27124561 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-30</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W30"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/30|Translations]] are available. '''Feature News''' * Stewards can now [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_blocks|globally block]] accounts. Before [[phab:T17294|the change]] only IP addresses and IP ranges could be blocked globally. Global account blocks are useful when the blocked user should not be logged out. [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_locks|Global locks]] (a similar tool logging the user out of their account) are unaffected by this change. The new global account block feature is related to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|Temporary Accounts]] project, which is a new type of user account that replaces IP addresses of unregistered editors that are no longer made public. * Later this week, Wikimedia site users will notice that the Interface of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:FlaggedRevs|FlaggedRevs]] (also known as "Pending Changes") is improved and consistent with the rest of the MediaWiki interface and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|Wikimedia's design system]]. The FlaggedRevs interface experience on mobile and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:MinervaNeue|Minerva skin]] was inconsistent before it was fixed and ported to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|Codex]] by the WMF Growth team and some volunteers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T191156] * Wikimedia site users can now submit account vanishing requests via [[m:Special:GlobalVanishRequest|GlobalVanishRequest]]. This feature is used when a contributor wishes to stop editing forever. It helps you hide your past association and edit to protect your privacy. Once processed, the account will be locked and renamed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T367329] * Have you tried monitoring and addressing vandalism in Wikipedia using your phone? [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/10/%d9%90addressing-vandalism-with-a-tap-the-journey-of-introducing-the-patrolling-feature-in-the-mobile-app/ A Diff blog post on Patrolling features in the Mobile App] highlights some of the new capabilities of the feature, including swiping through a feed of recent changes and a personal library of user talk messages for use when patrolling from your phone. * Wikimedia contributors and GLAM (galleries, libraries, archives, and museums) organisations can now learn and measure the impact Wikimedia Commons is having towards creating quality encyclopedic content using the [https://doc.wikimedia.org/generated-data-platform/aqs/analytics-api/reference/commons.html Commons Impact Metrics] analytics dashboard. The dashboard offers organizations analytics on things like monthly edits in a category, the most viewed files, and which Wikimedia articles are using Commons images. As a result of these new data dumps, GLAM organisation can more reliably measure their return on investment for programs bringing content into the digital Commons. [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/19/commons-impact-metrics-now-available-via-data-dumps-and-api/] '''Project Updates''' * Come share your ideas for improving the wikis on the newly reopened [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist|Community Wishlist]]. The Community Wishlist is Wikimedia’s forum for volunteers to share ideas (called wishes) to improve how the wikis work. The new version of the wishlist is always open, works with both wikitext and Visual Editor, and allows wishes in any language. '''Learn more''' * Have you ever wondered how Wikimedia software works across over 300 languages? This is 253 languages more than the Google Chrome interface, and it's no accident. The Language and Product Localization Team at the Wikimedia Foundation supports your work by adapting all the tools and interfaces in the MediaWiki software so that contributors in our movement who translate pages and strings can translate them and have the sites in all languages. Read more about the team and their upcoming work on [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/17/building-towards-a-robust-multilingual-knowledge-ecosystem-for-the-wikimedia-movement/ Diff]. * How can Wikimedia build innovative and experimental products while maintaining such heavily used websites? A recent [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/09/on-the-value-of-experimentation/ blog post] by WMF staff Johan Jönsson highlights the work of the [[m:Future Audiences#Objectives and Key Results|WMF Future Audience initiative]], where the goal is not to build polished products but test out new ideas, such as a [[m:Future_Audiences/Experiments: conversational/generative AI|ChatGPT plugin]] and [[m:Future_Audiences/Experiment:Add a Fact|Add a Fact]], to help take Wikimedia into the future. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/30|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' You can also get other news from the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin]]. </div><section end="technews-2024-W30"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०५:५०, २३ जुलाई २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27142915 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-31</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W31"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/31|Translations]] are available. '''Feature news''' * Editors using the Visual Editor in languages that use non-Latin characters for numbers, such as Hindi, Manipuri and Eastern Arabic, may notice some changes in the formatting of reference numbers. This is a side effect of preparing a new sub-referencing feature, and will also allow fixing some general numbering issues in Visual Editor. If you notice any related problems on your wiki, please share details at the [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|project talkpage]]. '''Bugs status''' * Some logged-in editors were briefly unable to edit or load pages last week. [[phab:T370304|These errors]] were mainly due to the addition of new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Linter|linter]] rules which led to caching problems. Fixes have been applied and investigations are continuing. * Editors can use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/IP Info|IP Information tool]] to get information about IP addresses. This tool is available as a Beta Feature in your preferences. The tool was not available for a few days last week, but is now working again. Thank you to Shizhao for filing the bug report. You can read about that, and [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks#2024-07-25|28 other community-submitted tasks]] that were resolved last week. '''Project updates''' * There are new features and improvements to Phabricator from the Release Engineering and Collaboration Services teams, and some volunteers, including: the search systems, the new task creation system, the login systems, the translation setup which has resulted in support for more languages (thanks to Pppery), and fixes for many edge-case errors. You can [[phab:phame/post/view/316/iterative_improvements/|read details about these and other improvements in this summary]]. * There is an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates|update on the Charts project]]. The team has decided which visualization library to use, which chart types to start focusing on, and where to store chart definitions. * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikivoyage}} in [[d:Q9056|Czech]] ([[voy:cs:|<code>voy:cs:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370905] '''Learn more''' * There is a [[diffblog:2024/07/26/the-journey-to-open-our-first-data-center-in-south-america/|new Wikimedia Foundation data center]] in São Paulo, Brazil which helps to reduce load times. * There is new [[diffblog:2024/07/22/the-perplexing-process-of-uploading-images-to-wikipedia/|user research]] on problems with the process of uploading images. * Commons Impact Metrics are [[diffblog:2024/07/19/commons-impact-metrics-now-available-via-data-dumps-and-api/|now available]] via data dumps and API. * The latest quarterly [[mw:Technical Community Newsletter/2024/July|Technical Community Newsletter]] is now available. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/31|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W31"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०४:५६, ३० जुलाई २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27164109 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-32</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W32"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/32|Translations]] are available. '''Feature news''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Two new parser functions will be available this week: <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic_words#dir|#dir]]<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> and <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic_words#bcp47|#bcp47]]<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code>. These will reduce the need for <code>Template:Dir</code> and <code>Template:BCP47</code> on Commons and allow us to [[phab:T343131|drop 100 million rows]] from the "what links here" database. Editors at any wiki that use these templates, can help by replacing the templates with these new functions. The templates at Commons will be updated during the Hackathon at Wikimania. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T359761][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366623] * Communities can request the activation of the visual editor on entire namespaces where discussions sometimes happen (for instance ''Wikipedia:'' or ''Wikisource:'' namespaces) if they understand the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/FAQ#WPNS|known limitations]]. For discussions, users can already use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] in these namespaces. * The tracking category "Pages using Timeline" has been renamed to "Pages using the EasyTimeline extension" [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3ATimeline-tracking-category&namespace=8 in TranslateWiki]. Wikis that have created the category locally should rename their local creation to match. '''Project updates''' * Editors who help to organize WikiProjects and similar on-wiki collaborations, are invited to share ideas and examples of successful collaborations with the Campaigns and Programs teams. You can fill out [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Campaigns/WikiProjects|a brief survey]] or share your thoughts [[m:Talk:Campaigns/WikiProjects|on the talkpage]]. The teams are particularly looking for details about successful collaborations on non-English wikis. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] The new parser is being rolled out on {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikivoyage}} wikis over the next few months. The {{int:project-localized-name-enwikivoyage}} and {{int:project-localized-name-hewikivoyage}} were [[phab:T365367|switched]] to Parsoid last week. For more information, see [[mw:Parsoid/Parser_Unification|Parsoid/Parser Unification]]. '''Learn more''' * There will be more than 200 sessions at Wikimania this week. Here is a summary of some of the [[diffblog:2024/08/05/interested-in-product-and-tech-here-are-some-wikimania-sessions-you-dont-want-to-miss/|key sessions related to the product and technology area]]. * The latest [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2024/07-02|Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin]] is available. * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2024/July|Language and Internationalization newsletter]] is available. It includes: New design previews for Translatable pages; Updates about MinT for Wiki Readers; the release of Translation dumps; and more. * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters/31|Growth newsletter]] is available. * The latest monthly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Reports/July 2024|MediaWiki Product Insights newsletter]] is available. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/32|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W32"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०२:२९, ६ अगस्ट २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27233905 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-33</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W33"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/33|Translations]] are available. '''Feature news''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]] editors and maintainers can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter/Actions#Show a CAPTCHA|make a CAPTCHA show if a filter matches an edit]]. This allows communities to quickly respond to spamming by automated bots. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T20110] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Stewards|Stewards]] can now specify if global blocks should prevent account creation. Before [[phab:T17273|this change]] by the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product|Trust and Safety Product]] Team, all global blocks would prevent account creation. This will allow stewards to reduce the unintended side-effects of global blocks on IP addresses. '''Project updates''' * [[wikitech:Help talk:Toolforge/Toolforge standards committee#August_2024_committee_nominations|Nominations are open on Wikitech]] for new members to refresh the [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Toolforge standards committee|Toolforge standards committee]]. The committee oversees the Toolforge [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Right to fork policy|Right to fork policy]] and [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Abandoned tool policy|Abandoned tool policy]] among other duties. Nominations will remain open until at least 2024-08-26. * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q2880037|West Coast Bajau]] ([[w:bdr:|<code>w:bdr:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T371757] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/33|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W33"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०५:०७, १३ अगस्ट २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27253654 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-34</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W34"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/34|Translations]] are available. '''Feature news''' * Editors who want to re-use references but with different details such as page numbers, will be able to do so by the end of 2024, using a new [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Sub-referencing in a nutshell|sub-referencing]] feature. You can read more [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|about the project]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Test|how to test the prototype]]. * Editors using tracking categories to identify which pages use specific extensions may notice that six of the categories have been renamed to make them more easily understood and consistent. These categories are automatically added to pages that use specialized MediaWiki extensions. The affected names are for: [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Aintersection-category&namespace=8 DynamicPageList], [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Akartographer-tracking-category&namespace=8 Kartographer], [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Aphonos-tracking-category&namespace=8 Phonos], [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Arss-tracking-category&namespace=8 RSS], [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Ascore-use-category&namespace=8 Score], [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Awikihiero-usage-tracking-category&namespace=8 WikiHiero]. Wikis that have created the category locally should rename their local creation to match. Thanks to Pppery for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T347324] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Technical volunteers who edit modules and want to get a list of the categories used on a page, can now do so using the <code><bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">categories</bdi></code> property of <code><bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">[[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#Title objects|mw.title objects]]</bdi></code>. This enables wikis to configure workflows such as category-specific edit notices. Thanks to SD001 for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T50175][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T85372] '''Bugs status''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Your help is needed to check if any pages need to be moved or deleted. A maintenance script was run to clean up unreachable pages (due to Unicode issues or introduction of new namespaces/namespace aliases). The script tried to find appropriate names for the pages (e.g. by following the Unicode changes or by moving pages whose titles on Wikipedia start with <code>Talk:WP:</code> so that their titles start with <code>Wikipedia talk:</code>), but it may have failed for some pages, and moved them to <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">[[Special:PrefixIndex/T195546/]]</bdi> instead. Your community should check if any pages are listed there, and move them to the correct titles, or delete them if they are no longer needed. A full log (including pages for which appropriate names could be found) is available in [[phab:P67388]]. * Editors who volunteer as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Mentorship|mentors]] to newcomers on their wiki are once again able to access lists of potential mentees who they can connect with to offer help and guidance. This functionality was restored thanks to [[phab:T372164|a bug fix]]. Thank you to Mbch331 for filing the bug report. You can read about that, and 18 other community-submitted tasks that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Project updates''' * The application deadline for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Proposal|Product & Technology Advisory Council]] (PTAC) has been extended to September 16. Members will help by providing advice to Foundation Product and Technology leadership on short and long term plans, on complex strategic problems, and help to get feedback from more contributors and technical communities. Selected members should expect to spend roughly 5 hours per month for the Council, during the one year pilot. Please consider applying, and spread the word to volunteers you think would make a positive contribution to the committee. '''Learn more''' * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award#2024 Winners|2024 Coolest Tool Awards]] were awarded at Wikimania, in seven categories. For example, one award went to the ISA Tool, used for adding structured data to files on Commons, which was recently improved during the [[m:Event:Wiki Mentor Africa ISA Hackathon 2024|Wiki Mentor Africa Hackathon]]. You can see video demonstrations of each tool at the awards page. Congratulations to this year's recipients, and thank you to all tool creators and maintainers. * The latest [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2024/08-01|Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin]] is available, and includes some highlights from Wikimania, an upcoming Language community meeting, and other news from the movement. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/34|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W34"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०६:३९, २० अगस्ट २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27307284 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-35</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W35"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/35|Translations]] are available. '''Feature news''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Administrators can now test the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] feature on test2wiki. This was done to allow cross-wiki testing of temporary accounts, for when temporary accounts switch between projects. The feature was enabled on testwiki a few weeks ago. No further temporary account deployments are scheduled yet. Temporary Accounts is a project to create a new type of user account that replaces IP addresses of unregistered editors which are no longer made public. Please [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|share your opinions and questions on the project talk page]]. * Later this week, editors at wikis that use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:FlaggedRevs|FlaggedRevs]] (also known as "Pending Changes") may notice that the indicators at the top of articles have changed. This change makes the system more consistent with the rest of the MediaWiki interface. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T191156] '''Bugs status''' * Editors who use the 2010 wikitext editor, and use the Character Insert buttons, will [[phab:T361465|no longer]] experience problems with the buttons adding content into the edit-summary instead of the edit-window. You can read more about that, and 26 other community-submitted tasks that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Project updates''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] Please review and vote on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas|Focus Areas]], which are groups of wishes that share a problem. Focus Areas were created for the newly reopened Community Wishlist, which is now open year-round for submissions. The first batch of focus areas are specific to moderator workflows, around welcoming newcomers, minimizing repetitive tasks, and prioritizing tasks. Once volunteers have reviewed and voted on focus areas, the Foundation will then review and select focus areas for prioritization. * Do you have a project and are willing to provide a three (3) month mentorship for an intern? [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Outreachy|Outreachy]] is a twice a year program for people to participate in a paid internship that will start in December 2024 and end in early March 2025, and they need mentors and projects to work on. Projects can be focused on coding or non-coding (design, documentation, translation, research). See the Outreachy page for more details, and a list of past projects since 2013. '''Learn more''' * If you're curious about the product and technology improvements made by the Wikimedia Foundation last year, read [[diffblog:2024/08/21/wikimedia-foundation-product-technology-improving-the-user-experience/|this recent highlights summary on Diff]]. * To learn more about the technology behind the Wikimedia projects, you can now watch sessions from the technology track at Wikimania 2024 on Commons. This week, check out: ** [[c:File:Wikimania 2024 - Ohrid - Day 2 - Community Configuration - Shaping On-Wiki Functionality Together.webm|Community Configuration - Shaping On-Wiki Functionality Together]] (55 mins) - about the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Community Configuration|Community Configuration]] project. ** [[c:File:Wikimania 2024 - Belgrade - Day 1 - Future of MediaWiki. A sustainable platform to support a collaborative user base and billions of page views.webm|Future of MediaWiki. A sustainable platform to support a collaborative user base and billions of page views]] (30 mins) - an overview for both technical and non technical audiences, covering some of the challenges and open questions, related to the [[mw:MediaWiki Product Insights|platform evolution, stewardship and developer experiences]] research. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/35|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W35"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०२:१९, २७ अगस्ट २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27341211 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-36</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W36"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/36|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Editors and volunteer developers interested in data visualisation can now test the new software for charts. Its early version is available on beta Commons and beta Wikipedia. This is an important milestone before making charts available on regular wikis. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates|read more about this project update]] and help to test the charts. '''Feature news''' * Editors who use the [[{{#special:Unusedtemplates}}]] page can now filter out pages which are expected to be there permanently, such as sandboxes, test-cases, and templates that are always substituted. Editors can add the new magic word [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#EXPECTUNUSEDTEMPLATE|<code dir="ltr"><nowiki>__EXPECTUNUSEDTEMPLATE__</nowiki></code>]] to a template page to hide it from the listing. Thanks to Sophivorus and DannyS712 for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T184633] * Editors who use the New Topic tool on discussion pages, will [[phab:T334163|now be reminded]] to add a section header, which should help reduce the quantity of newcomers who add sections without a header. You can read more about that, and {{formatnum:28}} other community-submitted tasks that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. * Last week, some Toolforge tools had occasional connection problems. The cause is still being investigated, but the problems have been resolved for now. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373243] * Translation administrators at multilingual wikis, when editing multiple translation units, can now easily mark which changes require updates to the translation. This is possible with the [[phab:T298852#10087288|new dropdown menu]]. '''Project updates''' * A new draft text of a policy discussing the use of Wikimedia's APIs [[m:Special:MyLanguage/API Policy Update 2024|has been published on Meta-Wiki]]. The draft text does not reflect a change in policy around the APIs; instead, it is an attempt to codify existing API rules. Comments, questions, and suggestions are welcome on [[m:Talk:API Policy Update 2024|the proposed update’s talk page]] until September 13 or until those discussions have concluded. '''Learn more''' * To learn more about the technology behind the Wikimedia projects, you can now watch sessions from the technology track at Wikimania 2024 on Commons. This week, check out: ** [[c:File:Wikimania 2024 - Ohrid - Day 2 - Charts, the successor of Graphs - A secure and extensible tool for data visualization.webm|Charts, the successor of Graphs - A secure and extensible tool for data visualization]] (25 mins) – about the above-mentioned Charts project. ** [[c:File:Wikimania 2024 - Ohrid - Day 3 - State of Language Technology and Onboarding at Wikimedia.webm|State of Language Technology and Onboarding at Wikimedia]] (90 mins) – about some of the language tools that support Wikimedia sites, such as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation|Content]]/[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation/Section translation|Section Translation]], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MinT|MinT]], and LanguageConverter; also the current state and future of languages onboarding. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368772] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/36|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W36"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०६:५३, ३ सेप्टेम्बर २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27390268 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-37</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W37"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/37|Translations]] are available. '''Feature news''' * Starting this week, the standard [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|syntax highlighter]] will receive new colors that make them compatible in dark mode. This is the first of many changes to come as part of a major upgrade to syntax highlighting. You can learn more about what's to come on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|help page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T365311][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T259059] * Editors of wikis using Wikidata will now be notified of only relevant Wikidata changes in their watchlist. This is because the Lua functions <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>entity:getSitelink()</code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>mw.wikibase.getSitelink(qid)</code></bdi> will have their logic unified for tracking different aspects of sitelinks to reduce junk notifications from [[m:Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects/Projects/Watchlist Wikidata Sitelinks Tracking|inconsistent sitelinks tracking]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T295356] '''Project updates''' * Users of all Wikis will have access to Wikimedia sites as read-only for a few minutes on September 25, starting at 15:00 UTC. This is a planned datacenter switchover for maintenance purposes. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370962] * Contributors of [[phab:T363538#10123348|11 Wikipedias]], including English will have a new <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>MOS</code></bdi> namespace added to their Wikipedias. This improvement ensures that links beginning with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>MOS:</code></bdi> (usually shortcuts to the [[w:en:Wikipedia:Manual of Style|Manual of Style]]) are not broken by [[w:en:Mooré|Mooré]] Wikipedia (language code <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>mos</code></bdi>). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T363538] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/37|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W37"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ००:३८, १० सेप्टेम्बर २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27424457 --> == This Month in Education: August 2024 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language. <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 13 • Issue 7 • August 2024</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/August 2024|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/August 2024/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2024/Cross-Cultural Knowledge Sharing: Wikipedia's New Frontier at University of Tehran|Cross-Cultural Knowledge Sharing: Wikipedia's New Frontier at University of Tehran]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2024/Let's Read Wikipedia in Bolivia reaches teachers in Cochabamba|Let's Read Wikipedia in Bolivia reaches teachers in Cochabamba]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2024/Results of the 2023 “Wikipedia for School” Contest in Ukraine|Results of the 2023 “Wikipedia for School” Contest in Ukraine]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2024/Edu Wiki Camp in Serbia, 2024|Edu Wiki Camp in Serbia, 2024]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2024/Wikimedia Human Rights Month this year engaged schools in large amount|Wikimedia Human Rights Month this year engaged schools in large amount]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2024/Strengthening Education Programs at Wikimania 2024: A Global Leap in Collaborative Learning|Strengthening Education Programs at Wikimania 2024: A Global Leap in Collaborative Learning]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2024/Wiki Education programs are featured in a scientific outreach magazine, and Wiki Movimento Brasil offers training for researchers in the Amazon|Wiki Education programs are featured in a scientific outreach magazine, and Wiki Movimento Brasil offers training for researchers in the Amazon]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2024/Wiki Movimento Brasil aims to adapt a game about Wikipedia, organize an academic event for scientific dissemination, and host the XXXIII Wiki-Education Workshop|Wiki Movimento Brasil aims to adapt a game about Wikipedia, organize an academic event for scientific dissemination, and host the XXXIII Wiki-Education Workshop]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] १९:०६, ११ सेप्टेम्बर २०२४ (नेपाली समय)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=27310254 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-38</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W38"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/38|Translations]] are available. '''Improvements and Maintenance''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] Editors interested in templates can help by reading the latest Wishlist focus area, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas/Template recall and discovery|Template recall and discovery]], and share your feedback on the talkpage. This input helps the Community Tech team to decide the right technical approach to build. Everyone is also encouraged to continue adding [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist|new wishes]]. * The new automated [[{{#special:NamespaceInfo}}]] page helps editors understand which [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Namespaces|namespaces]] exist on each wiki, and some details about how they are configured. Thanks to DannyS712 for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T263513] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Reference check|References Check]] is a feature that encourages editors to add a citation when they add a new paragraph to a Wikipedia article. For a short time, the corresponding tag "Edit Check (references) activated" was erroneously being applied to some edits outside of the main namespace. This has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373692] * It is now possible for a wiki community to change the order in which a page’s categories are displayed on their wiki. By default, categories are displayed in the order they appear in the wikitext. Now, wikis with a consensus to do so can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Requesting wiki configuration changes|request]] a configuration change to display them in alphabetical order. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373480] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Tool authors can now access ToolsDB's [[wikitech:Portal:Data Services#ToolsDB|public databases]] from both [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Research:Quarry|Quarry]] and [[wikitech:Superset|Superset]]. Those databases have always been accessible to every [[wikitech:Portal:Toolforge|Toolforge]] user, but they are now more broadly accessible, as Quarry can be accessed by anyone with a Wikimedia account. In addition, Quarry's internal database can now be [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Research:Quarry#Querying Quarry's own database|queried from Quarry itself]]. This database contains information about all queries that are being run and starred by users in Quarry. This information was already public through the web interface, but you can now query it using SQL. You can read more about that, and {{formatnum:20}} other community-submitted tasks that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. * Any pages or tools that still use the very old CSS classes <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>mw-message-box</code></bdi> need to be updated. These old classes will be removed next week or soon afterwards. Editors can use a [https://global-search.toolforge.org/?q=mw-message-box&regex=1&namespaces=&title= global-search] to determine what needs to be changed. It is possible to use the newer <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>cdx-message</code></bdi> group of classes as a replacement (see [https://doc.wikimedia.org/codex/latest/components/demos/message.html#css-only-version the relevant Codex documentation], and [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tech/Header&diff=prev&oldid=27449042 an example update]), but using locally defined onwiki classes would be best. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374499] '''Technical project updates''' * Next week, all Wikimedia wikis will be read-only for a few minutes. This will start on September 25 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1727276400 15:00 UTC]. This is a planned datacenter switchover for maintenance purposes. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|This maintenance process also targets other services.]] The previous switchover took 3 minutes, and the Site Reliability Engineering teams use many tools to make sure that this essential maintenance work happens as quickly as possible. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370962] '''Tech in depth''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] The latest monthly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Reports/August 2024|MediaWiki Product Insights newsletter]] is available. This edition includes details about: research about [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Hooks|hook]] handlers to help simplify development, research about performance improvements, work to improve the REST API for end-users, and more. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] To learn more about the technology behind the Wikimedia projects, you can now watch sessions from the technology track at Wikimania 2024 on Commons. This week, check out: ** [[c:File:Wikimania 2024 - Auditorium Kyiv - Day 4 - Hackathon Showcase.webm|Hackathon Showcase]] (45 mins) - 19 short presentations by some of the Hackathon participants, describing some of the projects they worked on, such as automated testing of maintenance scripts, a video-cutting command line tool, and interface improvements for various tools. There are [[phab:T369234|more details and links available]] in the Phabricator task. ** [[c:File:Co-Creating a Sustainable Future for the Toolforge Ecosystem.webm|Co-Creating a Sustainable Future for the Toolforge Ecosystem]] (40 mins) - a roundtable discussion for tool-maintainers, users, and supporters of Toolforge about how to make the platform sustainable and how to evaluate the tools available there. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/38|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W38"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०५:४८, १७ सेप्टेम्बर २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27460876 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-39</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W39"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/39|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * All wikis will be [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|read-only]] for a few minutes on Wednesday September 25 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1727276400 15:00 UTC]. Reading the wikis will not be interrupted, but editing will be paused. These twice-yearly processes allow WMF's site reliability engineering teams to remain prepared to keep the wikis functioning even in the event of a major interruption to one of our data centers. '''Updates for editors''' [[File:Add alt text from a halfsheet, with the article behind.png|thumb|A screenshot of the interface for the Alt Text suggested-edit feature]] * Editors who use the iOS Wikipedia app in Spanish, Portuguese, French, or Chinese, may see the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/iOS Suggested edits project/Alt Text Experiment|Alt Text suggested-edit experiment]] after editing an article, or completing a suggested edit using "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/iOS Suggested edits project#Hypothesis 2 Add an Image Suggested Edit|Add an image]]". Alt-text helps people with visual impairments to read Wikipedia articles. The team aims to learn if adding alt-text to images is a task that editors can be successful with. Please share any feedback on [[mw:Talk:Wikimedia Apps/iOS Suggested edits project/Alt Text Experiment|the discussion page]]. * The Codex color palette has been updated with new and revised colors for the MediaWiki user interfaces. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Design System Team/Color/Design documentation#Updates|most noticeable changes]] for editors include updates for: dark mode colors for Links and for quiet Buttons (progressive and destructive), visited Link colors for both light and dark modes, and background colors for system-messages in both light and dark modes. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] It is now possible to include clickable wikilinks and external links inside code blocks. This includes links that are used within <code><nowiki><syntaxhighlight></nowiki></code> tags and on code pages (JavaScript, CSS, Scribunto and Sanitized CSS). Uses of template syntax <code><nowiki>{{…}}</nowiki></code> are also linked to the template page. Thanks to SD0001 for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368166] * Two bugs were fixed in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Account vanishing|GlobalVanishRequest]] system by improving the logging and by removing an incorrect placeholder message. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370595][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T372223] * View all {{formatnum:25}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:25|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] From [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise|Wikimedia Enterprise]]: ** The API now enables 5,000 on-demand API requests per month and twice-monthly HTML snapshots freely (gratis and libre). More information on the updates and also improvements to the software development kits (SDK) are explained on [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/enhanced-free-api/ the project's blog post]. While Wikimedia Enterprise APIs are designed for high-volume commercial reusers, this change enables many more community use-cases to be built on the service too. ** The Snapshot API (html dumps) have added beta Structured Contents endpoints ([https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/structured-contents-snapshot-api/ blog post on that]) as well as released two beta datasets (English and French Wikipedia) from that endpoint to Hugging Face for public use and feedback ([https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/hugging-face-dataset/ blog post on that]). These pre-parsed data sets enable new options for researchers, developers, and data scientists to use and study the content. '''In depth''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] The Wikidata Query Service (WDQS) is used to get answers to questions using the Wikidata data set. As Wikidata grows, we had to make a major architectural change so that WDQS could remain performant. As part of the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS graph split|WDQS Graph Split project]], we have new SPARQL endpoints available for serving the "[https://query-scholarly.wikidata.org scholarly]" and "[https://query-main.wikidata.org main]" subgraphs of Wikidata. The [http://query.wikidata.org query.wikidata.org endpoint] will continue to serve the full Wikidata graph until March 2025. After this date, it will only serve the main graph. For more information, please see [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update/September 2024 scaling update|the announcement on Wikidata]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/39|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W39"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०५:२२, २४ सेप्टेम्बर २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27493779 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-40</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W40"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/40|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Readers of [[phab:T375401|42 more wikis]] can now use Dark Mode. If the option is not yet available for logged-out users of your wiki, this is likely because many templates do not yet display well in Dark Mode. Please use the [https://night-mode-checker.wmcloud.org/ night-mode-checker tool] if you are interested in helping to reduce the number of issues. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Recommendations for night mode compatibility on Wikimedia wikis|recommendations page]] provides guidance on this. Dark Mode is enabled on additional wikis once per month. * Editors using the 2010 wikitext editor as their default can access features from the 2017 wikitext editor by adding <code dir=ltr>?veaction=editsource</code> to the URL. If you would like to enable the 2017 wikitext editor as your default, it can be set in [[Special:Preferences#mw-input-wpvisualeditor-newwikitext|your preferences]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T239796] * For logged-out readers using the Vector 2022 skin, the "donate" link has been moved from a collapsible menu next to the content area into a more prominent top menu, next to "Create an account". This restores the link to the level of prominence it had in the Vector 2010 skin. [[mw:Readers/2024 Reader and Donor Experiences#Donor Experiences (Key Result WE 3.2 and the related hypotheses)|Learn more]] about the changes related to donor experiences. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373585] * The CampaignEvents extension provides tools for organizers to more easily manage events, communicate with participants, and promote their events on the wikis. The extension has been [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status|enabled]] on Arabic Wikipedia, Igbo Wikipedia, Swahili Wikipedia, and Meta-Wiki. [[w:zh:Wikipedia:互助客栈/其他#引進CampaignEvents擴充功能|Chinese Wikipedia has decided]] to enable the extension, and discussions on the extension are in progress [[w:es:Wikipedia:Votaciones/2024/Sobre la política de Organizadores de Eventos|on Spanish Wikipedia]] and [[d:Wikidata:Project chat#Enabling the CampaignEvents Extention on Wikidata|on Wikidata]]. To learn how to enable the extension on your wiki, you can visit [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents|the CampaignEvents page on Meta-Wiki]]. * View all {{formatnum:22}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:22|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Developers with an account on Wikitech-wiki should [[wikitech:Wikitech/SUL-migration|check if any action is required]] for their accounts. The wiki is being changed to use the single-user-login (SUL) system, and other configuration changes. This change will help reduce the overall complexity for the weekly software updates across all our wikis. '''In depth''' * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|server switch]] was completed successfully last week with a read-only time of [[wikitech:Switch Datacenter#Past Switches|only 2 minutes 46 seconds]]. This periodic process makes sure that engineers can switch data centers and keep all of the wikis available for readers, even if there are major technical issues. It also gives engineers a chance to do maintenance and upgrades on systems that normally run 24 hours a day, and often helps to reveal weaknesses in the infrastructure. The process involves dozens of software services and hundreds of hardware servers, and requires multiple teams working together. Work over the past few years has reduced the time from 17 minutes down to 2–3 minutes. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/66ZW7B2MG63AESQVTXDIFQBDBS766JGW/] '''Meetings and events''' * October 4–6: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WikiIndaba conference 2024|WikiIndaba Conference's Hackathon]] in Johannesburg, South Africa * November 4–6: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Fall 2024|MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Fall 2024]] in Vienna, Austria '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/40|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W40"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०४:०६, १ अक्टोबर २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27530062 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-41</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W41"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/41|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Communities can now request installation of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Automoderator|Automoderator]] on their wiki. Automoderator is an automated anti-vandalism tool that reverts bad edits based on scores from the new "Revert Risk" machine learning model. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AutoModerator/Deploying|read details about the necessary steps]] for installation and configuration. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336934] '''Updates for editors''' * Translators in wikis where [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation/Section translation#Try the tool|the mobile experience of Content Translation is available]], can now customize their articles suggestion list from 41 filtering options when using the tool. This topic-based article suggestion feature makes it easy for translators to self-discover relevant articles based on their area of interest and translate them. You can [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&active-list=suggestions try it with your mobile device]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368422] * View all {{formatnum:12}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:12|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * It is now possible for <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki><syntaxhighlight></nowiki></code></bdi> code blocks to offer readers a "Copy" button if the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>copy=1</nowiki></code></bdi> attribute is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:SyntaxHighlight#copy|set on the tag]]. Thanks to SD0001 for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T40932] * Customized copyright footer messages on all wikis will be updated. The new versions will use wikitext markup instead of requiring editing raw HTML. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375789] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Later this month, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] will be rolled out on several pilot wikis. The final list of the wikis will be published in the second half of the month. If you maintain any tools, bots, or gadgets on [[phab:T376499|these 11 wikis]], and your software is using data about IP addresses or is available for logged-out users, please check if it needs to be updated to work with temporary accounts. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers|Guidance on how to update the code is available]]. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Rate limiting has been enabled for the code review tools [[Wikitech:Gerrit|Gerrit]] and [[Wikitech:GitLab|GitLab]] to address ongoing issues caused by malicious traffic and scraping. Clients that open too many concurrent connections will be restricted for a few minutes. This rate limiting is managed through [[Wikitech:nftables|nftables]] firewall rules. For more details, see Wikitech's pages on [[Wikitech:Firewall#Throttling with nftables|Firewall]], [[Wikitech:GitLab/Abuse and rate limiting|GitLab limits]] and [[Wikitech:Gerrit/Operations#Throttling IPs|Gerrit operations]]. * Five new wikis have been created: ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q49224|Komering]] ([[w:kge:|<code>w:kge:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374813] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q36096|Mooré]] ([[m:mos:|<code>m:mos:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374641] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wiktionary}} in [[d:Q36213|Madurese]] ([[wikt:mad:|<code>wikt:mad:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374968] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikiquote}} in [[d:Q2501174|Gorontalo]] ([[q:gor:|<code>q:gor:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375088] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikinews}} in [[d:Q56482|Shan]] ([[n:shn:|<code>n:shn:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375430] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/41|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W41"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०५:२८, ८ अक्टोबर २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27557422 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-42</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W42"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/42|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The Structured Discussion extension (also known as Flow) is starting to be removed. This extension is unmaintained and causes issues. It will be replaced by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]], which is used on any regular talk page. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured Discussions/Deprecation#Deprecation timeline|A first set of wikis]] are being contacted. These wikis are invited to stop using Flow, and to move all Flow boards to sub-pages, as archives. At these wikis, a script will move all Flow pages that aren't a sub-page to a sub-page automatically, starting on 22 October 2024. On 28 October 2024, all Flow boards at these wikis will be set in read-only mode. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Structured_Discussions/Deprecation][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370722] * WMF's Search Platform team is working on making it easier for readers to perform text searches in their language. A [[phab:T332342|change last week]] on over 30 languages makes it easier to find words with accents and other diacritics. This applies to both full-text search and to types of advanced search such as the <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">''hastemplate''</bdi> and <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">''incategory''</bdi> keywords. More technical details (including a few other minor search upgrades) are available. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/User:TJones_%28WMF%29/Notes/Language_Analyzer_Harmonization_Notes#ASCII-folding/ICU-folding_%28T332342%29] * View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check|EditCheck]] was installed at Russian Wikipedia, and fixes were made for some missing user interface styles. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Editors who use the Toolforge tool [[toolforge:copyvios|Earwig's Copyright Violation Detector]] will now be required to log in with their Wikimedia account before running checks using the "search engine" option. This change is needed to help prevent external bots from misusing the system. Thanks to Chlod for these improvements. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:New_pages_patrol/Reviewers#Authentication_is_now_required_for_search_engine_checks_on_Earwig's_Copyvio_Tool] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Phabricator|Phabricator]] users can create tickets and add comments on existing tickets via Email again. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Phabricator/Help#Using email|Sending email to Phabricator]] has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T356077] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Some HTML elements in the interface are now wrapped with a <code><nowiki><bdi></nowiki></code> element, to make our HTML output more aligned with Web standards. More changes like this will be coming in future weeks. This change might break some tools that rely on the previous HTML structure of the interface. Note that relying on the HTML structure of the interface is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Stable interface policy/Frontend#What is not stable?|not recommended]] and might break at any time. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375975] '''In depth''' * The latest monthly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Reports/September 2024|MediaWiki Product Insights newsletter]] is available. This edition includes: updates on Wikimedia's authentication system, research to simplify feature development in the MediaWiki platform, updates on Parser Unification and MathML rollout, and more. * The latest quarterly [[mw:Technical Community Newsletter/2024/October|Technical Community Newsletter]] is now available. This edition include: research about improving topic suggestions related to countries, improvements to PHPUnit tests, and more. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/42|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W42"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०३:०७, १५ अक्टोबर २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27597254 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-43</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W43"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/43|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Mobile Apps team has released an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Navigation Refresh#Phase 1: Creating a user Profile Menu (T373714)|update]] to the iOS app's navigation, and it is now available in the latest App store version. The team added a new Profile menu that allows for easy access to editor features like Notifications and Watchlist from the Article view, and brings the "Donate" button into a more accessible place for users who are reading an article. This is the first phase of a larger planned [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Navigation Refresh|navigation refresh]] to help the iOS app transition from a primarily reader-focused app, to an app that fully supports reading and editing. The Wikimedia Foundation has added more editing features and support for on-wiki communication based on volunteer requests in recent years. [[File:IOS App Navigation refresh first phase 05.png|thumb|iOS Wikipedia App's profile menu and contents]] '''Updates for editors''' * Wikipedia readers can now download a browser extension to experiment with some early ideas on potential features that recommend articles for further reading, automatically summarize articles, and improve search functionality. For more details and to stay updated, check out the Web team's [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Content Discovery Experiments|Content Discovery Experiments page]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Newsletter:Web team's projects|subscribe to their newsletter]]. * Later this month, logged-out editors of [[phab:T376499|these 12 wikis]] will start to have [[mw:Special:Mylanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] created. The list may slightly change - some wikis may be removed but none will be added. Temporary account is a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/User account types|type of user account]]. It enhances the logged-out editors' privacy and makes it easier for community members to communicate with them. If you maintain any tools, bots, or gadgets on these 12 wikis, and your software is using data about IP addresses or is available for logged-out users, please check if it needs to be updated to work with temporary accounts. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers|Guidance on how to update the code is available]]. Read more about the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Updates|deployment plan across all wikis]]. * View all {{formatnum:33}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:33|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the [[w:nr:Main Page|South Ndebele]], [[w:rsk:Главни бок|Pannonian Rusyn]], [[w:ann:Uwu|Obolo]], [[w:iba:Lambar Keterubah|Iban]] and [[w:tdd:ᥞᥨᥝᥴ ᥘᥣᥲ ᥖᥥᥰ|Tai Nüa]] Wikipedia languages were created last week. [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36785][https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35660][https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36614][https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33424][https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36556] * It is now possible to create functions on Wikifunctions using Wikidata lexemes, through the new [[f:Z6005|Wikidata lexeme type]] launched last week. When you go to one of these functions, the user interface provides a lexeme selector that helps you pick a lexeme from Wikidata that matches the word you type. After hitting run, your selected lexeme is retrieved from Wikidata, transformed into a Wikidata lexeme type, and passed into the selected function. Read more about this in [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-10-17#Function of the Week: select representation from lexeme|the latest Wikifunctions newsletter]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Users of the Wikimedia sites can now format dates more easily in different languages with the new <code dir="ltr">{{[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserFunctions##timef|#timef]]:…}}</code> parser function. For example, <code dir="ltr"><nowiki>{{#timef:now|date|en}}</nowiki></code> will show as "<bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">{{#timef:now|date|en}}</bdi>". Previously, <code dir="ltr"><nowiki>{{#time:…}}</nowiki></code> could be used to format dates, but this required knowledge of the order of the time and date components and their intervening punctuation. <code dir="ltr">#timef</code> (or <code dir="ltr">#timefl</code> for local time) provides access to the standard date formats that MediaWiki uses in its user interface. This may help to simplify some templates on multi-lingual wikis like Commons and Meta. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T223772][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserFunctions##timef] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Commons and Meta users can now efficiently [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#Localization|retrieve the user's language]] using <code dir="ltr"><nowiki>{{USERLANGUAGE}}</nowiki></code> instead of using <code dir="ltr"><nowiki>{{int:lang}}</nowiki></code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T4085] * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product and Tech Advisory Council]] (PTAC) now has its pilot members with representation across Africa, Asia, Europe, North America and South America. They will work to address the [[Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy/Initiatives/Technology Council|Movement Strategy's Technology Council]] initiative of having a co-defined and more resilient technological platform. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Movement_Strategy/Initiatives/Technology_Council] '''In depth''' * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters/32|Growth newsletter]] is available. It includes: an upcoming Newcomer Homepage Community Updates module, new Community Configuration options, and details on new projects. * The Wikimedia Foundation is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Security Team#CNA Partnership|now an official partner of the CVE program]], which is an international effort to catalog publicly disclosed cybersecurity vulnerabilities. This partnership will allow the Security Team to instantly publish [[w:en:Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures|common vulnerabilities and exposures]] (CVE) records that are affecting MediaWiki core, extensions, and skins, along with any other code the Foundation is a steward of. * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist|Community Wishlist]] is now [[m:Community Wishlist/Updates#October 16, 2024: Conversations Made Easier: Machine-Translated Wishes Are Here!|testing machine translations]] for Wishlist content. Volunteers can now read machine-translated versions of wishes and dive into discussions even before translators arrive to translate content. '''Meetings and events''' * 24 October - Wiki Education Speaker Series Webinar - [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/N4XTB4G55BUY3M3PNGUAKQWJ7A4UOPAK/ Open Source Tech: Building the Wiki Education Dashboard], featuring Wikimedia interns and a Web developer in the panel. * 20–22 December 2024 - [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Indic Wikimedia Hackathon Bhubaneswar 2024|Indic Wikimedia Hackathon Bhubaneswar 2024]] in Odisha, India. A hackathon for community members, including developers, designers and content editors, to build technical solutions that improve contributors' experiences. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/43|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W43"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०२:३८, २२ अक्टोबर २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27634672 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-44</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W44"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/44|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Later in November, the Charts extension will be deployed to the test wikis in order to help identify and fix any issue. A security review is underway to then enable deployment to pilot wikis for broader testing. You can read [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates#October 2024: Working towards production deployment|the October project update]] and see the [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Charts latest documentation and examples on Beta Wikipedia]. * View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, [[w:en:PediaPress|Pediapress.com]], an external service that creates books from Wikipedia, can now use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Maps|Wikimedia Maps]] to include existing pre-rendered infobox map images in their printed books on Wikipedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375761] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Wikis can use [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GuidedTour|the Guided Tour extension]] to help newcomers understand how to edit. The Guided Tours extension now works with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Dark mode|dark mode]]. Guided Tour maintainers can check their tours to see that nothing looks odd. They can also set <code>emitTransitionOnStep</code> to <code>true</code> to fix an old bug. They can use the new flag <code>allowAutomaticBack</code> to avoid back-buttons they don't want. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T73927#10241528] * Administrators in the Wikimedia projects who use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Nuke|Nuke Extension]] will notice that mass deletions done with this tool have the "Nuke" tag. This change will make reviewing and analyzing deletions performed with the tool easier. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366068] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/44|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W44"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०२:४१, २९ अक्टोबर २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27668811 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-45</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W45"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/45|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Stewards can now make [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global blocks|global account blocks]] cause global [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Autoblock|autoblocks]]. This will assist stewards in preventing abuse from users who have been globally blocked. This includes preventing globally blocked temporary accounts from exiting their session or switching browsers to make subsequent edits for 24 hours. Previously, temporary accounts could exit their current session or switch browsers to continue editing. This is an anti-abuse tool improvement for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|Temporary Accounts]] project. You can read more about the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Updates|progress on key features for temporary accounts]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368949] * Wikis that have the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status|CampaignEvents extension enabled]] can now use the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Event list#October 29, 2024: Collaboration List launched|Collaboration List]] feature. This list provides a new, easy way for contributors to learn about WikiProjects on their wikis. Thanks to the Campaign team for this work that is part of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Product %26 Technology OKRs#WE KRs|the 2024/25 annual plan]]. If you are interested in bringing the CampaignEvents extension to your wiki, you can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status#How to Request the CampaignEvents Extension for your wiki|follow these steps]] or you can reach out to User:Udehb-WMF for help. * The text color for red links will be slightly changed later this week to improve their contrast in light mode. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370446] * View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, on multilingual wikis, users [[phab:T216368|can now]] hide translations from the WhatLinksHere special page. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * XML [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Data dumps|data dumps]] have been temporarily paused whilst a bug is investigated. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/xmldatadumps-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/BXWJDPO5QI2QMBCY7HO36ELDCRO6HRM4/] '''In depth''' * Temporary Accounts have been deployed to six wikis; thanks to the Trust and Safety Product team for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|this work]], you can read about [[phab:T340001|the deployment plans]]. Beginning next week, Temporary Accounts will also be enabled on [[phab:T378336|seven other projects]]. If you are active on these wikis and need help migrating your tools, please reach out to [[m:User:Udehb-WMF|User:Udehb-WMF]] for assistance. * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2024/October|Language and Internationalization newsletter]] is available. It includes: New languages supported in translatewiki or in MediaWiki; New keyboard input methods for some languages; details about recent and upcoming meetings, and more. '''Meetings and events''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Fall 2024|MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Fall 2024]] is happening in Vienna, Austria and online from 4 to 6 November 2024. The conference will feature discussions around the usage of MediaWiki software by and within companies in different industries and will inspire and onboard new users. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/45|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W45"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०२:३५, ५ नोभेम्बर २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27693917 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-46</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W46"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/46|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * On wikis with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Translate|Translate extension]] enabled, users will notice that the FuzzyBot will now automatically create translated versions of categories used on translated pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T285463] * View all {{formatnum:29}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:29|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the submitted task to use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:SecurePoll|SecurePoll extension]] for English Wikipedia's special [[w:en:Wikipedia:Administrator elections|administrator election]] was resolved on time. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T371454] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] In <code dir="ltr">[[mw:MediaWiki_1.44/wmf.2|1.44.0-wmf-2]]</code>, the logic of Wikibase function <code>getAllStatements</code> changed to behave like <code>getBestStatements</code>. Invoking the function now returns a copy of values which are immutable. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T270851] * [https://en.wikipedia.org/api/rest_v1/ Wikimedia REST API] users, such as bot operators and tool maintainers, may be affected by ongoing upgrades. The API will be rerouting some page content endpoints from RESTbase to the newer [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:REST API|MediaWiki REST API]] endpoints. The [[phab:T374683|impacted endpoints]] include getting page/revision metadata and rendered HTML content. These changes will be available on testwiki later this week, with other projects to follow. This change should not affect existing functionality, but active users of the impacted endpoints should verify behavior on testwiki, and raise any concerns on the related [[phab:T374683|Phabricator ticket]]. '''In depth''' * Admins and users of the Wikimedia projects [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator_Tools/Automoderator#Usage|where Automoderator is enabled]] can now monitor and evaluate important metrics related to Automoderator's actions. [https://superset.wmcloud.org/superset/dashboard/unified-automoderator-activity-dashboard/ This Superset dashboard] calculates and aggregates metrics about Automoderator's behaviour on the projects in which it is deployed. Thanks to the Moderator Tools team for this Dashboard; you can visit [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Automoderator/Unified Activity Dashboard|the documentation page]] for more information about this work. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T369488] '''Meetings and events''' * 21 November 2024 ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 21 November 2024 8:00 UTC|8:00 UTC]] & [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 21 November 2024 16:00 UTC|16:00 UTC]]) - [[c:Commons:WMF support for Commons/Commons community calls|Community call]] with Wikimedia Commons volunteers and stakeholders to help prioritize support efforts for 2025-2026 Fiscal Year. The theme of this call is how content should be organised on Wikimedia Commons. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/46|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W46"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०५:५२, १२ नोभेम्बर २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27732268 --> == This Month in Education: October 2024 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language. <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 13 • Issue 8 • October 2024</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/October 2024|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/October 2024/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2024/CBSUA Wiki Education turns 1 year|CBSUA Wiki Education turns 1 year]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2024/7th Senior WikiTown took place in Becov nad Teplou, Czech Republic|7th Senior WikiTown took place in Becov nad Teplou, Czech Republic]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2024/Edit-a-thon about Modern Architecture in Kosovo|Edit-a-thon about Modern Architecture in Kosovo]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2024/Edu_Wiki_in_South_Sudan:_Creating_a_better_future_in_education|Empowering Digital Literacy through Wikimedia in South Sudan]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2024/Many new articles and contributions in September and October for Wikimedia MKD|Many new articles and contributions in September and October for Wikimedia MKD]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2024/New Record: 5 Events in Municipal Library within a Month |New Record: 5 Events in Municipal Library within a Month]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2024/Wiki-Education programs in Brazil are centered around the Wikidata and Wikisource platforms|Wiki-Education programs in Brazil are centered around the Wikidata and Wikisource platforms]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2024/WikiChallenge African Schools wins the “Open Pedagogy” Award 2024 from OE Global|WikiChallenge African Schools wins the “Open Pedagogy” Award 2024 from OE Global]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2024/Wikipedia helps in improving cognitive skills|Wikipedia helps in improving cognitive skills]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2024/Wikipedia in Graduate Studies: Expanding Research Impact|Wikipedia in Graduate Studies: Expanding Research Impact]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2024/WiLMa PH establishes a Wiki Club|WiLMa PH establishes a Wiki Club]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] २०:४२, १२ नोभेम्बर २०२४ (नेपाली समय)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=27733413 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-47</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W47"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/47|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Users of Wikimedia sites will now be warned when they create a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Redirects|redirect]] to a page that doesn't exist. This will reduce the number of broken redirects to red links in our projects. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326057] * View all {{formatnum:42}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:42|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Pywikibot/Overview|Pywikibot]], which automates work on MediaWiki sites, was upgraded to 9.5.0 on Toolforge. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378676] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * On wikis that use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:FlaggedRevs|FlaggedRevs extension]], pages created or moved by users with the appropriate permissions are marked as flagged automatically. This feature has not been working recently, and changes fixing it should be deployed this week. Thanks to Daniel and Wargo for working on this. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379218][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368380] '''In depth''' * There is a new [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/11/05/say-hi-to-temporary-accounts-easier-collaboration-with-logged-out-editors-with-better-privacy-protection Diff post] about Temporary Accounts, available in more than 15 languages. Read it to learn about what Temporary Accounts are, their impact on different groups of users, and the plan to introduce the change on all wikis. '''Meetings and events''' * Technical volunteers can now register for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Hackathon 2025|2025 Wikimedia Hackathon]], which will take place in Istanbul, Turkey. [https://pretix.eu/wikimedia/hackathon2025/ Application for travel and accommodation scholarships] is open from '''November 12 to December 10 2024'''. The registration for the event will close in mid-April 2025. The Wikimedia Hackathon is an annual gathering that unites the global technical community to collaborate on existing projects and explore new ideas. * Join the [[C:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:WMF%20support%20for%20Commons/Commons%20community%20calls|Wikimedia Commons community calls]] this week to help prioritize support for Commons which will be planned for 2025–2026. The theme will be how content should be organised on Wikimedia Commons. This is an opportunity for volunteers who work on different things to come together and talk about what matters for the future of the project. The calls will take place '''November 21, 2024, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 21 November 2024 8:00 UTC|8:00 UTC]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 21 November 2024 16:00 UTC|16:00 UTC]]'''. * A [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization/Community meetings#29 November 2024|Language community meeting]] will take place '''November 29, 16:00 UTC''' to discuss updates and technical problem-solving. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/47|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W47"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०७:४६, १९ नोभेम्बर २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27806858 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-48</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W48"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/48|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] A new version of the standard wikitext editor-mode [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|syntax highlighter]] will be available as a [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]] later this week. This brings many new features and bug fixes, including right-to-left support, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Template folding|template folding]], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Autocompletion|autocompletion]], and an improved search panel. You can learn more on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|help page]]. * The 2010 wikitext editor now supports common keyboard shortcuts such <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>Ctrl</code>+<code>B</code></bdi> for bold and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>Ctrl</code>+<code>I</code></bdi> for italics. A full [[mw:Help:Extension:WikiEditor#Keyboard shortcuts|list of all six shortcuts]] is available. Thanks to SD0001 for this improvement. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T62928] * Starting November 28, Flow/Structured Discussions pages will be automatically archived and set to read-only at the following wikis: <bdi>bswiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>elwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>euwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>fawiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>fiwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>frwikiquote</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>frwikisource</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>frwikiversity</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>frwikivoyage</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>idwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>lvwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>plwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>ptwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>urwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>viwikisource</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>zhwikisource</bdi>. This is done as part of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured_Discussions/Deprecation|StructuredDiscussions deprecation work]]. If you need any assistance to archive your page in advance, please contact [[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]]. * View all {{formatnum:25}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:25|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a user creating a new AbuseFilter can now only set the filter to "protected" [[phab:T377765|if it includes a protected variable]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]], which can be used in JavaScript, CSS, JSON, and Lua pages, [[phab:T377663|now offers]] live autocompletion. Thanks to SD0001 for this improvement. The feature can be temporarily disabled on a page by pressing <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>Ctrl</code>+<code>,</code></bdi> and un-selecting "<bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">Live Autocompletion</bdi>". * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Tool-maintainers who use the Graphite system for tracking metrics, need to migrate to the newer Prometheus system. They can check [https://grafana.wikimedia.org/d/K6DEOo5Ik/grafana-graphite-datasource-utilization?orgId=1 this dashboard] and the list in the Description of the [[phab:T350592|task T350592]] to see if their tools are listed, and they should claim metrics and dashboards connected to their tools. They can then disable or migrate all existing metrics by following the instructions in the task. The Graphite service will become read-only in April. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/KLUV4IOLRYXPQFWD6WKKJUHMWE77BMSZ/] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/NewPP parser report|New PreProcessor parser performance report]] has been fixed to give an accurate count for the number of Wikibase entities accessed. It had previously been resetting after 400 entities. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T279069] '''Meetings and events''' * A [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization/Community meetings#29 November 2024|Language community meeting]] will take place November 29 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1732896000 16:00 UTC]. There will be presentations on topics like developing language keyboards, the creation of the Mooré Wikipedia, the language support track at [[m:Wiki Indaba|Wiki Indaba]], and a report from the Wayuunaiki community on their experiences with the Incubator and as a new community over the last 3 years. This meeting will be in English and will also have Spanish interpretation. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/48|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W48"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०४:२७, २६ नोभेम्बर २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27847039 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-49</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W49"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/49|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Two new parser functions were added this week. The <code dir="ltr"><nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#interwikilink|#interwikilink]]<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> function adds an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Links#Interwiki links|interwiki link]] and the <code dir="ltr"><nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#interlanguagelink|#interlanguagelink]]<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> function adds an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Links#Interlanguage links|interlanguage link]]. These parser functions are useful on wikis where namespaces conflict with interwiki prefixes. For example, links beginning with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>MOS:</code></bdi> on English Wikipedia [[phab:T363538|conflict with the <code>mos</code> language code prefix of Mooré Wikipedia]]. * Starting this week, Wikimedia wikis no longer support connections using old RSA-based HTTPS certificates, specifically rsa-2048. This change is to improve security for all users. Some older, unsupported browser or smartphone devices will be unable to connect; Instead, they will display a connectivity error. See the [[wikitech:HTTPS/Browser_Recommendations|HTTPS Browser Recommendations page]] for more-detailed information. All modern operating systems and browsers are always able to reach Wikimedia projects. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/CTYEHVNSXUD3NFAAMG3BLZVTVQWJXJAH/] * Starting December 16, Flow/Structured Discussions pages will be automatically archived and set to read-only at the following wikis: <bdi>arwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>cawiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>frwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>mediawikiwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>orwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>wawiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>wawiktionary</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>wikidatawiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>zhwiki</bdi>. This is done as part of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured_Discussions/Deprecation|StructuredDiscussions deprecation work]]. If you need any assistance to archive your page in advance, please contact [[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380910] * This month the Chart extension was deployed to production and is now available on Commons and Testwiki. With the security review complete, pilot wiki deployment is expected to start in the first week of December. You can see a working version [[testwiki:Charts|on Testwiki]] and read [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates|the November project update]] for more details. * View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug with the "Download as PDF" system was fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T376438] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * In late February, temporary accounts will be rolled out on at least 10 large wikis. This deployment will have a significant effect on the community-maintained code. This is about Toolforge tools, bots, gadgets, and user scripts that use IP address data or that are available for logged-out users. The Trust and Safety Product team wants to identify this code, monitor it, and assist in updating it ahead of the deployment to minimize disruption to workflows. The team asks technical editors and volunteer developers to help identify such tools by adding them to [[mw:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers/Impacted tools|this list]]. In addition, review the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers|updated documentation]] to learn how to adjust the tools. Join the discussions on the [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|project talk page]] or in the [[discord:channels/221049808784326656/1227616742340034722|dedicated thread]] on the [[w:Wikipedia:Discord|Wikimedia Community Discord server (in English)]] for support and to share feedback. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/49|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W49"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०४:०८, ३ डिसेम्बर २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27873992 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-50</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W50"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/50|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Technical documentation contributors can find updated resources, and new ways to connect with each other and the Wikimedia Technical Documentation Team, at the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Documentation|Documentation hub]] on MediaWiki.org. This page links to: resources for writing and improving documentation, a new <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">#wikimedia-techdocs</bdi> IRC channel on libera.chat, a listing of past and upcoming documentation events, and ways to request a documentation consultation or review. If you have any feedback or ideas for improvements to the documentation ecosystem, please [[mw:Wikimedia Technical Documentation Team#Contact us|contact the Technical Documentation Team]]. '''Updates for editors''' [[File:Edit Check on Desktop.png|thumb|Layout change for the Edit Check feature]] * Later this week, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check|Edit Check]] will be relocated to a sidebar on desktop. Edit check is the feature for new editors to help them follow policies and guidelines. This layout change creates space to present people with [[mw:Edit check#1 November 2024|new Checks]] that appear ''while'' they are typing. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check#Reference Check A/B Test|initial results]] show newcomers encountering Edit Check are 2.2 times more likely to publish a new content edit that includes a reference and is not reverted. * The Chart extension, which enables editors to create data visualizations, was successfully made available on MediaWiki.org and three pilot wikis (Italian, Swedish, and Hebrew Wikipedias). You can see a working examples [[testwiki:Charts|on Testwiki]] and read [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates|the November project update]] for more details. * Translators in wikis where the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation/Section translation#Try the tool|mobile experience of Content Translation is available]], can now discover articles in Wikiproject campaigns of their interest from the "[https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=specialcx&filter-type=automatic&filter-id=collections&active-list=suggestions&from=es&to=en All collection]" category in the articles suggestion feature. Wikiproject Campaign organizers can use this feature, to help translators to discover articles of interest, by adding the <code dir=ltr><nowiki><page-collection> </page-collection></nowiki></code> tag to their campaign article list page on Meta-wiki. This will make those articles discoverable in the Content Translation tool. For more detailed information on how to use the tool and tag, please refer to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Translation suggestions: Topic-based & Community-defined lists/How to use the features|the step-by-step guide]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378958] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Nuke|Nuke]] feature, which enables administrators to mass delete pages, now has a [[phab:T376379#10310998|multiselect filter for namespace selection]]. This enables users to select multiple specific namespaces, instead of only one or all, when fetching pages for deletion. * The Nuke feature also now [[phab:T364225#10371365|provides links]] to the userpage of the user whose pages were deleted, and to the pages which were not selected for deletion, after page deletions are queued. This enables easier follow-up admin-actions. Thanks to Chlod and the Moderator Tools team for both of these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T364225#10371365] * The Editing Team is working on making it easier to populate citations from archive.org using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid/Enabling Citoid on your wiki|Citoid]] tool, the auto-filled citation generator. They are asking communities to add two parameters preemptively, <code dir=ltr>archiveUrl</code> and <code dir=ltr>archiveDate</code>, within the TemplateData for each citation template using Citoid. You can see an [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template%3ACite_web%2Fdoc&diff=1261320172&oldid=1260788022 example of a change in a template], and a [https://global-search.toolforge.org/?namespaces=10&q=%5C%22citoid%5C%22%3A%20%5C%7B&regex=1&title= list of all relevant templates]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374831] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikivoyage}} in [[d:Q9240|Indonesian]] ([[voy:id:|<code>voy:id:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380726] * Last week, all wikis had problems serving pages to logged-in users and some logged-out users for 30–45 minutes. This was caused by a database problem, and investigation is ongoing. [https://www.wikimediastatus.net/incidents/3g2ckc7bp6l9] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:19}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:19|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add Link]] feature has been fixed. Previously, the list of sections which are excluded from Add Link was partially ignored in certain cases. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380455][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380329] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|Codex]], the design system for Wikimedia, now has an early-stage [[git:design/codex-php|implementation in PHP]]. It is available for general use in MediaWiki extensions and Toolforge apps through [https://packagist.org/packages/wikimedia/codex Composer], with use in MediaWiki core coming soon. More information is available in [[wmdoc:design-codex-php/main/index.html|the documentation]]. Thanks to Doğu for the inspiration and many contributions to the library. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379662] * [https://en.wikipedia.org/api/rest_v1/ Wikimedia REST API] users, such as bot operators and tool maintainers, may be affected by ongoing upgrades. On December 4, the MediaWiki Interfaces team began rerouting page/revision metadata and rendered HTML content endpoints on [[testwiki:|testwiki]] from RESTbase to comparable MediaWiki REST API endpoints. The team encourages active users of these endpoints to verify their tool's behavior on testwiki and raise any concerns on the related [[phab:T374683|Phabricator ticket]] before the end of the year, as they intend to roll out the same change across all Wikimedia projects in early January. These changes are part of the work to replace the outdated [[mw:RESTBase/deprecation|RESTBase]] system. * The [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/986172 2024 Developer Satisfaction Survey] is seeking the opinions of the Wikimedia developer community. Please take the survey if you have any role in developing software for the Wikimedia ecosystem. The survey is open until 3 January 2025, and has an associated [[foundation:Legal:Developer Satisfaction Survey 2024 Privacy Statement|privacy statement]]. * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''Meetings and events''' * The next meeting in the series of [[c:Commons:WMF support for Commons/Commons community calls|Wikimedia Foundation discussions with the Wikimedia Commons community]] will take place on [[m:Event:Commons community discussion - 12 December 2024 08:00 UTC|December 12 at 8:00 UTC]] and [[m:Event:Commons community discussion - 12_December 2024 16:00 UTC|at 16:00 UTC]]. The topic of this call is new media and new contributors. Contributors from all wikis are welcome to attend. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/50|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W50"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०४:०१, १० डिसेम्बर २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27919424 --> == This Month in Education: November 2024 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language. <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 13 • Issue 9 • November 2024</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/November 2024|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/November 2024/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2024/Auckland Museum Wikipedia Student Programme|Auckland Museum Wikipedia Student Programme]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2024/Citizenship and free knowledge on Wikipedia in Albanian language|Citizenship and free knowledge on Wikipedia in Albanian language]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2024/Engaging students with Wikipedia and Wikidata at Hasanuddin University’s Wikimedia Week|Engaging students with Wikipedia and Wikidata at Hasanuddin University’s Wikimedia Week]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2024/Minigrant initiative by empowering the Rrëshen community in Albania|Minigrant initiative by empowering the Rrëshen community in Albania]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2024/Wikidata birthday in Albania, 2024|Wikidata birthday in Albania, 2024]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2024/Wikidata birthday in School |Wikidata birthday in School]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2024/Wikimedia Education Workshop at Lumbini Technological University|Wikimedia Education Workshop at Lumbini Technological University]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2024/Wikimedia MKD's new collaborations and new content|Wikimedia MKD's new collaborations and new content]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2024/Improving Historical Knowledge on Persian Wikipedia through a continuous Wikimedia Education Program: Shahid Beheshti University Wikipedia Education Program|Improving Historical Knowledge on Persian Wikipedia through a continuous Wikimedia Education Program: Shahid Beheshti University Wikipedia Education Program]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] २०:५८, १० डिसेम्बर २०२४ (नेपाली समय)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=27879342 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-51</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W51"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/51|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Interested in improving event management on your home wiki? The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] offers organizers features like event registration management, event/wikiproject promotion, finding potential participants, and more - all directly on-wiki. If you are an organizer or think your community would benefit from this extension, start a discussion to enable it on your wiki today. To learn more about how to enable this extension on your wiki, visit the [[m:CampaignEvents/Deployment status#How to Request the CampaignEvents Extension for your wiki|deployment status page]]. '''Updates for editors''' * Users of the iOS Wikipedia App in Italy and Mexico on the Italian, Spanish, and English Wikipedias, can see a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Personalized Wikipedia Year in Review|personalized Year in Review]] with insights based on their reading and editing history. * Users of the Android Wikipedia App in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia can see the new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/Rabbit Holes|Rabbit Holes]] feature. This feature shows a suggested search term in the Search bar based on the current article being viewed, and a suggested reading list generated from the user’s last two visited articles. * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global reminder bot|global reminder bot]] is now active and running on nearly 800 wikis. This service reminds most users holding temporary rights when they are about to expire, so that they can renew should they want to. See [[m:Global reminder bot/Technical details|the technical details page]] for more information. * The next issue of Tech News will be sent out on 13 January 2025 because of the end of year holidays. Thank you to all of the translators, and people who submitted content or feedback, this year. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was [[phab:T374988|fixed]] in the Android Wikipedia App which had caused translatable SVG images to show the wrong language when they were tapped. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * There is no new MediaWiki version next week. The next deployments will start on 14 January. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar/2025] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/51|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W51"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०४:१०, १७ डिसेम्बर २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27942374 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-03</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W03"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/03|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Single User Login system is being updated over the next few months. This is the system which allows users to fill out the login form on one Wikimedia site and get logged in on all others at the same time. It needs to be updated because of the ways that browsers are increasingly restricting cross-domain cookies. To accommodate these restrictions, login and account creation pages will move to a central domain, but it will still appear to the user as if they are on the originating wiki. The updated code will be enabled this week for users on test wikis. This change is planned to roll out to all users during February and March. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Platform Team/SUL3#Deployment|the SUL3 project page]] for more details and a timeline. '''Updates for editors''' * On wikis with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:PageAssessments|PageAssessments]] installed, you can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:PageAssessments#Search|filter search results]] to pages in a given WikiProject by using the <code dir=ltr>inproject:</code> keyword. (These wikis: {{int:project-localized-name-arwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-enwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-enwikivoyage/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-frwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-huwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-newiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-zhwiki/en}}) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378868] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q34129|Tigre]] ([[w:tig:|<code>w:tig:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381377] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:35}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:35|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, there was a bug with updating a user's edit-count after making a rollback edit, which is now fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382592] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Wikimedia REST API users, such as bot operators and tool maintainers, may be affected by ongoing upgrades. Starting the week of January 13, we will begin rerouting [[phab:T374683|some page content endpoints]] from RESTbase to the newer MediaWiki REST API endpoints for all wiki projects. This change was previously available on testwiki and should not affect existing functionality, but active users of the impacted endpoints may raise issues directly to the [[phab:project/view/6931/|MediaWiki Interfaces Team]] in Phabricator if they arise. * Toolforge tool maintainers can now share their feedback on Toolforge UI, an initiative to provide a web platform that allows creating and managing Toolforge tools through a graphic interface, in addition to existing command-line workflows. This project aims to streamline active maintainers’ tasks, as well as make registration and deployment processes more accessible for new tool creators. The initiative is still at a very early stage, and the Cloud Services team is in the process of collecting feedback from the Toolforge community to help shape the solution to their needs. [[wikitech:Wikimedia Cloud Services team/EnhancementProposals/Toolforge UI|Read more and share your thoughts about Toolforge UI]]. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] For tool and library developers who use the OAuth system: The identity endpoint used for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/For Developers#Identifying the user|OAuth 1]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/For Developers#Identifying the user 2|OAuth 2]] returned a JSON object with an integer in its <code>sub</code> field, which was incorrect (the field must always be a string). This has been fixed; the fix will be deployed to Wikimedia wikis on the week of January 13. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382139] * Many wikis currently use [[:mw:Parsoid/Parser Unification/Cite CSS|Cite CSS]] to render custom footnote markers in Parsoid output. Starting January 20 these rules will be disabled, but the developers ask you to ''not'' clean up your <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[MediaWiki:Common.css]]</bdi> until February 20 to avoid issues during the migration. Your wikis might experience some small changes to footnote markers in Visual Editor and when using experimental Parsoid read mode, but if there are changes these are expected to bring the rendering in line with the legacy parser output. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370027] '''Meetings and events''' * The next meeting in the series of [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:WMF support for Commons/Commons community calls|Wikimedia Foundation Community Conversations with the Wikimedia Commons community]] will take place on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 15 January 2025 08:00 UTC|January 15 at 8:00 UTC]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 15 January 2025 16:00 UTC|at 16:00 UTC]]. The topic of this call is defining the priorities in tool investment for Commons. Contributors from all wikis, especially users who are maintaining tools for Commons, are welcome to attend. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/03|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W03"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०७:२७, १४ जनवरी २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28048614 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-04</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W04"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/04|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Administrators can mass-delete multiple pages created by a user or IP address using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Nuke|Extension:Nuke]]. It previously only allowed deletion of pages created in the last 30 days. It can now delete pages from the last 90 days, provided it is targeting a specific user or IP address. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380846] * On [[phab:P72148|wikis that use]] the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Patrolled edits|Patrolled edits]] feature, when the rollback feature is used to revert an unpatrolled page revision, that revision will now be marked as "manually patrolled" instead of "autopatrolled", which is more accurate. Some editors that use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:New filters for edit review/Filtering|filters]] on Recent Changes may need to update their filter settings. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T302140] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the Visual Editor's "Insert link" feature did not always suggest existing pages properly when an editor started typing, which has now been [[phab:T383497|fixed]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The Structured Discussion extension (also known as Flow) is being progressively removed from the wikis. This extension is unmaintained and causes issues. It will be replaced by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]], which is used on any regular talk page. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured Discussions/Deprecation#Deprecation timeline|The last group of wikis]] ({{int:project-localized-name-cawikiquote/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fiwikimedia/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gomwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kabwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ptwikibooks/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sewikimedia/en}}) will soon be contacted. If you have questions about this process, please ping [[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] at your wiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380912] * The latest quarterly [[mw:Technical_Community_Newsletter/2025/January|Technical Community Newsletter]] is now available. This edition includes: updates about services from the Data Platform Engineering teams, information about Codex from the Design System team, and more. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/04|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W04"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०७:२२, २१ जनवरी २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28129769 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-05</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W05"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/05|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Patrollers and admins - what information or context about edits or users could help you to make patroller or admin decisions more quickly or easily? The Wikimedia Foundation wants to hear from you to help guide its upcoming annual plan. Please consider sharing your thoughts on this and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Product & Technology OKRs|13 other questions]] to shape the technical direction for next year. '''Updates for editors''' * iOS Wikipedia App users worldwide can now access a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Personalized Wikipedia Year in Review/How your data is used|personalized Year in Review]] feature, which provides insights based on their reading and editing history on Wikipedia. This project is part of a broader effort to help welcome new readers as they discover and interact with encyclopedic content. * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] Edit patrollers now have a new feature available that can highlight potentially problematic new pages. When a page is created with the same title as a page which was previously deleted, a tag ('Recreated') will now be added, which users can filter for in [[{{#special:RecentChanges}}]] and [[{{#special:NewPages}}]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T56145] * Later this week, there will be a new warning for editors if they attempt to create a redirect that links to another redirect (a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Redirects#Double redirects|double redirect]]). The feature will recommend that they link directly to the second redirect's target page. Thanks to the user SomeRandomDeveloper for this improvement. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326056] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Wikimedia wikis allow [[w:en:WebAuthn|WebAuthn]]-based second factor checks (such as hardware tokens) during login, but the feature is [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Miscellaneous/Fix security key (WebAuthn) support|fragile]] and has very few users. The MediaWiki Platform team is temporarily disabling adding new WebAuthn keys, to avoid interfering with the rollout of [[mw:MediaWiki Platform Team/SUL3|SUL3]] (single user login version 3). Existing keys are unaffected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378402] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * For developers that use the [[wikitech:Data Platform/Data Lake/Edits/MediaWiki history dumps|MediaWiki History dumps]]: The Data Platform Engineering team has added a couple of new fields to these dumps, to support the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|Temporary Accounts]] initiative. If you maintain software that reads those dumps, please review your code and the updated documentation, since the order of the fields in the row will change. There will also be one field rename: in the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>mediawiki_user_history</code></bdi> dump, the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>anonymous</code></bdi> field will be renamed to <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>is_anonymous</code></bdi>. The changes will take effect with the next release of the dumps in February. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/LKMFDS62TXGDN6L56F4ABXYLN7CSCQDI/] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/05|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W05"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०४:००, २८ जनवरी २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28149374 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-06</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W06"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/06|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Editors who use the "Special characters" editing-toolbar menu can now see the 32 special characters you have used most recently, across editing sessions on that wiki. This change should help make it easier to find the characters you use most often. The feature is in both the 2010 wikitext editor and VisualEditor. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T110722] * Editors using the 2010 wikitext editor can now create sublists with correct indentation by selecting the line(s) you want to indent and then clicking the toolbar buttons.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380438] You can now also insert <code><nowiki><code></nowiki></code> tags using a new toolbar button.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383010] Thanks to user stjn for these improvements. * Help is needed to ensure the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid/Enabling Citoid on your wiki|citation generator]] works properly on each wiki. ** (1) Administrators should update the local versions of the page <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:Citoid-template-type-map.json</code> to include entries for <code dir=ltr>preprint</code>, <code dir=ltr>standard</code>, and <code dir=ltr>dataset</code>; Here are example diffs to replicate [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki%3ACitoid-template-type-map.json&diff=1189164774&oldid=1165783565 for 'preprint'] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki%3ACitoid-template-type-map.json&diff=1270832208&oldid=1270828390 for 'standard' and 'dataset']. ** (2.1) If the citoid map in the citation template used for these types of references is missing, [[mediawikiwiki:Citoid/Enabling Citoid on your wiki#Step 2.a: Create a 'citoid' maps value for each citation template|one will need to be added]]. (2.2) If the citoid map does exist, the TemplateData will need to be updated to include new field names. Here are example updates [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template%3ACitation%2Fdoc&diff=1270829051&oldid=1262470053 for 'preprint'] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template%3ACitation%2Fdoc&diff=1270831369&oldid=1270829480 for 'standard' and 'dataset']. The new fields that may need to be supported are <code dir=ltr>archiveID</code>, <code dir=ltr>identifier</code>, <code dir=ltr>repository</code>, <code dir=ltr>organization</code>, <code dir=ltr>repositoryLocation</code>, <code dir=ltr>committee</code>, and <code dir=ltr>versionNumber</code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383666] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia/en}} in [[d:Q15637215|Central Kanuri]] ([[w:knc:|<code>w:knc:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T385181] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the [[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Wikisource/Wikimedia OCR|OCR (optical character recognition) tool]] used for Wikisource now supports a new language, Church Slavonic. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T384782] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/06|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W06"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०५:५४, ४ फेब्रुअरी २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28203495 --> == [[User:मर्मिक|मर्मिक]]बाट प्रश्न (११:३३, ४ फेब्रुअरी २०२५) == साच्चिकै लेख्न शैलीमा कस्तो प्रकारको शब्द चयन र प्रकाशन गर्दा कस्तो तरीकाबाट गर्न सकिन्छ हो मलाई Wikipediaको बारेमा ज्ञान् त छोइन अब सिक्न खोजिरहेको छु --[[User:मर्मिक|मर्मिक]] ([[User talk:मर्मिक|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ११:३३, ४ फेब्रुअरी २०२५ (नेपाली समय) == This Month in Education: January 2025 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language. <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 14 • Issue 1 • January 2025</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/January 2025|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/January 2025/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2025/Advancing Education Pillar in Kosovo: 2024 Journey|Advancing Education Pillar in Kosovo: 2024 Journey]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2025/Auckland Museum Wikipedia Students Making Progress|Auckland Museum Wikipedia Students Making Progress]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2025/Celebrating 10 Years of Wiki Education|Celebrating 10 Years of Wiki Education]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2025/Empowering Multilingual Students: Expanding Wikipedia Through Collaboration of foreign languages faculty's students of the University of Tehran|Empowering Multilingual Students: Expanding Wikipedia Through Collaboration of foreign languages faculty's students of the University of Tehran]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2025/Ensuring accurate and authentic information with 1Lib1Ref Campaign in Anambra|Ensuring accurate and authentic information with 1Lib1Ref Campaign in Anambra]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2025/Experiences of Wikipedia in the classroom with a gender perspective in Monterrey |Experiences of Wikipedia in the classroom with a gender perspective in Monterrey]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2025/Fine Arts University Students exploring Wikipedia in Tirana, Albania|Fine Arts University Students exploring Wikipedia in Tirana, Albania]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2025/Lviv hosted Ukraine’s first student photo walk for Wikipedia|Lviv hosted Ukraine’s first student photo walk for Wikipedia]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2025/Many new trained volunteers and new articles at the end of the year in Macedonia|Many new trained volunteers and new articles at the end of the year in Macedonia]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2025/Wikimedia and Scientific Events in Brazil|Wikimedia and Scientific Events in Brazil]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2025/Wiki Workshop- Call for Contributions|Wiki Workshop- Call for Contributions]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] २१:४१, ५ फेब्रुअरी २०२५ (नेपाली समय)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=28111205 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-07</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W07"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/07|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Product and Technology Advisory Council (PTAC) has published [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/February 2025 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|a draft of their recommendations]] for the Wikimedia Foundation's Product and Technology department. They have recommended focusing on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/February 2025 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback/Mobile experiences|mobile experiences]], particularly contributions. They request community [[m:Talk:Product and Technology Advisory Council/February 2025 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|feedback at the talk page]] by 21 February. '''Updates for editors''' * The "Special pages" portlet link will be moved from the "Toolbox" into the "Navigation" section of the main menu's sidebar by default. This change is because the Toolbox is intended for tools relating to the current page, not tools relating to the site, so the link will be more logically and consistently located. To modify this behavior and update CSS styling, administrators can follow the instructions at [[phab:T385346|T385346]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T333211] * As part of this year's work around improving the ways readers discover content on the wikis, the Web team will be running an experiment with a small number of readers that displays some suggestions for related or interesting articles within the search bar. Please check out [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Content Discovery Experiments#Experiment 1: Display article recommendations in more prominent locations, search|the project page]] for more information. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Template editors who use TemplateStyles can now customize output for users with specific accessibility needs by using accessibility related media queries (<code dir=ltr>[https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/@media/prefers-reduced-motion prefers-reduced-motion]</code>, <code dir=ltr>[https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/@media/prefers-reduced-transparency prefers-reduced-transparency]</code>, <code dir=ltr>[https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/@media/prefers-contrast prefers-contrast]</code>, and <code dir=ltr>[https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/@media/forced-colors forced-colors]</code>). Thanks to user Bawolff for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T384175] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:22}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:22|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the global blocks log will now be shown directly on the {{#special:CentralAuth}} page, similarly to global locks, to simplify the workflows for stewards. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T377024] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Wikidata [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Default values for labels and aliases|now supports a special language as a "default for all languages"]] for labels and aliases. This is to avoid excessive duplication of the same information across many languages. If your Wikidata queries use labels, you may need to update them as some existing labels are getting removed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T312511] * The function <code dir="ltr">getDescription</code> was invoked on every Wiki page read and accounts for ~2.5% of a page's total load time. The calculated value will now be cached, reducing load on Wikimedia servers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383660] * As part of the RESTBase deprecation [[mw:RESTBase/deprecation|effort]], the <code dir="ltr">/page/related</code> endpoint has been blocked as of February 6, 2025, and will be removed soon. This timeline was chosen to align with the deprecation schedules for older Android and iOS versions. The stable alternative is the "<code dir="ltr">morelike</code>" action API in MediaWiki, and [[gerrit:c/mediawiki/services/mobileapps/+/982154/13/pagelib/src/transform/FooterReadMore.js|a migration example]] is available. The MediaWiki Interfaces team [[phab:T376297|can be contacted]] for any questions. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/GFC2IJO7L4BWO3YTM7C5HF4MCCBE2RJ2/] '''In depth''' * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/January|Language and Internationalization newsletter]] is available. It includes: Updates about the "Contribute" menu; details on some of the newest language editions of Wikipedia; details on new languages supported by the MediaWiki interface; updates on the Community-defined lists feature; and more. * The latest [[mw:Extension:Chart/Project/Updates#January 2025: Better visibility into charts and tabular data usage|Chart Project newsletter]] is available. It includes updates on the progress towards bringing better visibility into global charts usage and support for categorizing pages in the Data namespace on Commons. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/07|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W07"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०५:५७, ११ फेब्रुअरी २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28231022 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-08</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W08"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/08|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Communities using growth tools can now showcase one event on the <code>{{#special:Homepage}}</code> for newcomers. This feature will help newcomers to be informed about editing activities they can participate in. Administrators can create a new event to showcase at <code>{{#special:CommunityConfiguration}}</code>. To learn more about this feature, please read [[diffblog:2025/02/12/community-updates-module-connecting-newcomers-to-your-initiatives/|the Diff post]], have a look [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Community updates module|at the documentation]], or contact [[mw:Talk:Growth|the Growth team]]. '''Updates for editors''' [[File:Page Frame Features on desktop.png|thumb|Highlighted talk pages improvements]] * Starting next week, talk pages at these wikis – {{int:project-localized-name-eswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-frwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-itwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-jawiki/en}} – will get [[diffblog:2024/05/02/making-talk-pages-better-for-everyone/|a new design]]. This change was extensively tested as a Beta feature and is the last step of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Feature summary|talk pages improvements]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379102] * You can now navigate to view a redirect page directly from its action pages, such as the history page. Previously, you were forced to first go to the redirect target. This change should help editors who work with redirects a lot. Thanks to user stjn for this improvement. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T5324] * When a Cite reference is reused many times, wikis currently show either numbers like "1.23" or localized alphabetic markers like "a b c" in the reference list. Previously, if there were so many reuses that the alphabetic markers were all used, [[MediaWiki:Cite error references no backlink label|an error message]] was displayed. As part of the work to [[phab:T383036|modernize Cite customization]], these errors will no longer be shown and instead the backlinks will fall back to showing numeric markers like "1.23" once the alphabetic markers are all used. * The log entries for each change to an editor's user-groups are now clearer by specifying exactly what has changed, instead of the plain before and after listings. Translators can [[phab:T369466|help to update the localized versions]]. Thanks to user Msz2001 for these improvements. * A new filter has been added to the [[{{#special:Nuke}}]] tool, which allows administrators to mass delete pages, to enable users to filter for pages in a range of page sizes (in bytes). This allows, for example, deleting pages only of a certain size or below. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378488] * Non-administrators can now check which pages are able to be deleted using the [[{{#special:Nuke}}]] tool. Thanks to user MolecularPilot for this and the previous improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T376378] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:25}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:25|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed in the configuration for the AV1 video file format, which enables these files to play again. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382193] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Parsoid Read Views is going to be rolling out to most Wiktionaries over the next few weeks, following the successful transition of Wikivoyage to Parsoid Read Views last year. For more information, see the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification|Parsoid/Parser Unification]] project page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T385923][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T371640] * Developers of tools that run on-wiki should note that <code dir=ltr>mw.Uri</code> is deprecated. Tools requiring <code dir=ltr>mw.Uri</code> must explicitly declare <code dir=ltr>mediawiki.Uri</code> as a ResourceLoader dependency, and should migrate to the browser native <code dir=ltr>URL</code> API soon. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T384515] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/08|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W08"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०३:०२, १८ फेब्रुअरी २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28275610 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-09</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W09"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/09|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Administrators can now customize how the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User language|Babel feature]] creates categories using [[{{#special:CommunityConfiguration/Babel}}]]. They can rename language categories, choose whether they should be auto-created, and adjust other settings. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374348] * The <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[https://www.wikimedia.org/ wikimedia.org]</bdi> portal has been updated – and is receiving some ongoing improvements – to modernize and improve the accessibility of our portal pages. It now has better support for mobile layouts, updated wording and links, and better language support. Additionally, all of the Wikimedia project portals, such as <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[https://wikibooks.org wikibooks.org]</bdi>, now support dark mode when a reader is using that system setting. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373204][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368221][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Project_portals] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wiktionary/en}} in [[d:Q33965|Santali]] ([[wikt:sat:|<code>wikt:sat:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386619] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed that prevented clicking on search results in the web-interface for some Firefox for Android phone configurations. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381289] '''Meetings and events''' * The next Language Community Meeting is happening soon, February 28th at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1740751200 14:00 UTC]. This week's meeting will cover: highlights and technical updates on keyboard and tools for the Sámi languages, Translatewiki.net contributions from the Bahasa Lampung community in Indonesia, and technical Q&A. If you'd like to join, simply [[mw:Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Community meetings#28 February 2025|sign up on the wiki page]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/09|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W09"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०६:२६, २५ फेब्रुअरी २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28296129 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-10</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W10"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/10|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * All logged-in editors using the mobile view can now edit a full page. The "{{int:Minerva-page-actions-editfull}}" link is accessible from the "{{int:minerva-page-actions-overflow}}" menu in the toolbar. This was previously only available to editors using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Advanced mobile contributions|Advanced mobile contributions]] setting. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T387180] * Interface administrators can now help to remove the deprecated Cite CSS code matching "<code dir="ltr">mw-ref</code>" from their local <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[MediaWiki:Common.css]]</bdi>. The list of wikis in need of cleanup, and the code to remove, [https://global-search.toolforge.org/?q=mw-ref%5B%5E-a-z%5D&regex=1&namespaces=8&title=.*css can be found with this global search] and in [https://ace.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki:Common.css&oldid=145662#L-139--L-144 this example], and you can learn more about how to help on the [[mw:Parsoid/Parser Unification/Cite CSS|CSS migration project page]]. The Cite footnote markers ("<code dir="ltr">[1]</code>") are now rendered by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid|Parsoid]], and the deprecated CSS is no longer needed. The CSS for backlinks ("<code dir="ltr">mw:referencedBy</code>") should remain in place for now. This cleanup is expected to cause no visible changes for readers. Please help to remove this code before March 20, after which the development team will do it for you. * When editors embed a file (e.g. <code><nowiki>[[File:MediaWiki.png]]</nowiki></code>) on a page that is protected with cascading protection, the software will no longer restrict edits to the file description page, only to new file uploads.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T24521] In contrast, transcluding a file description page (e.g. <code><nowiki>{{:File:MediaWiki.png}}</nowiki></code>) will now restrict edits to the page.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T62109] * When editors revert a file to an earlier version it will now require the same permissions as ordinarily uploading a new version of the file. The software now checks for 'reupload' or 'reupload-own' rights,[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T304474] and respects cascading protection.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T140010] * When administrators are listing pages for deletion with the Nuke tool, they can now also list associated talk pages and redirects for deletion, alongside pages created by the target, rather than needing to manually delete these pages afterwards. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T95797] * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/03|previously noted]] update to Single User Login, which will accommodate browser restrictions on cross-domain cookies by moving login and account creation to a central domain, will now roll out to all users during March and April. The team plans to enable it for all new account creation on [[wikitech:Deployments/Train#Tuesday|Group0]] wikis this week. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Platform Team/SUL3#Deployment|the SUL3 project page]] for more details and an updated timeline. * Since last week there has been a bug that shows some interface icons as black squares until the page has fully loaded. It will be fixed this week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T387351] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia/en}} in [[d:Q2044560|Sylheti]] ([[w:syl:|<code>w:syl:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386441] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed with loading images in very old versions of the Firefox browser on mobile. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386400] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.19|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/10|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W10"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०८:१६, ४ मार्च २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28334563 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-11</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W11"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/11|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Editors who use password managers at multiple wikis may notice changes in the future. The way that our wikis provide information to password managers about reusing passwords across domains has recently been updated, so some password managers might now offer you login credentials that you saved for a different Wikimedia site. Some password managers already did this, and are now doing it for more Wikimedia domains. This is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Platform Team/SUL3|SUL3 project]] which aims to improve how our unified login works, and to keep it compatible with ongoing changes to the web-browsers we use. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T385520][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T384844] * The Wikipedia Apps Team is inviting interested users to help improve Wikipedia’s offline and limited internet use. After discussions in [[m:Afrika Baraza|Afrika Baraza]] and the last [[m:Special:MyLanguage/ESEAP Hub/Meetings|ESEAP call]], key challenges like search, editing, and offline access are being explored, with upcoming focus groups to dive deeper into these topics. All languages are welcome, and interpretation will be available. Want to share your thoughts? [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Improving Wikipedia Mobile Apps for Offline & Limited Internet Use|Join the discussion]] or email <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">aramadan@wikimedia.org</bdi>! * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on March 19. This is planned at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1742392800 14:00 UTC]. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.20|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters/33|Growth newsletter]] is available. It includes: the launch of the Community Updates module, the most recent changes in Community Configuration, and the upcoming test of in-article suggestions for first-time editors. * An old API that was previously used in the Android Wikipedia app is being removed at the end of March. There are no current software uses, but users of the app with a version that is older than 6 months by the time of removal (2025-03-31), will no longer have access to the Suggested Edits feature, until they update their app. You can [[diffblog:2025/02/24/sunset-of-wikimedia-recommendation-api/|read more details about this change]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/11|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W11"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०४:५५, ११ मार्च २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28372257 --> == This Month in Education: February 2025 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language. <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 14 • Issue 2 • February 2025</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/February 2025|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/February 2025/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2025/Activities series at the Shefit Hekali school in Peqin, Albania|Activities series at the Shefit Hekali school in Peqin, Albania]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2025/Wikimedia Brazil has formed a partnership with a public policy research institute|Wikimedia Brazil has formed a partnership with a public policy research institute]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2025/Preserving Heritage: Tuluvas Aati Month Educational Wikimedia Programs|Preserving Heritage: Tuluvas Aati Month Educational Wikimedia Programs]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2025/Reflecting on our Past: Farewell to the Auckland Museum Summer Students|Reflecting on our Past: Farewell to the Auckland Museum Summer Students]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2025/Successful Conclusion of the Second Phase of "Reading Wikipedia in the Classroom" in Yemen|Successful Conclusion of the Second Phase of "Reading Wikipedia in the Classroom" in Yemen]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2025/Wiki Workshop in Mitrovica |Wiki Workshop in Mitrovica]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2025/Wikimedia MKD' Education: Lots of new trained users, lots of new articles|Wikimedia MKD' Education: Lots of new trained users, lots of new articles]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2025/Wikimedia Serbia receives accreditation from the National Library of Serbia for the Wiki Senior seminar|Wikimedia Serbia receives accreditation from the National Library of Serbia for the Wiki Senior seminar]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] १४:४९, १२ मार्च २०२५ (नेपाली समय)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=28314249 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-12</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W12"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/12|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Twice a year, around the equinoxes, the Wikimedia Foundation's Site Reliability Engineering (SRE) team performs [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|a datacenter server switchover]], redirecting all traffic from one primary server to its backup. This provides reliability in case of a crisis, as we can always fall back on the other datacenter. [http://listen.hatnote.com/ Thanks to the Listen to Wikipedia] tool, you can hear the switchover take place: Before it begins, you'll hear the steady stream of edits; Then, as the system enters a brief read-only phase, the sound stops for a couple of minutes, before resuming after the switchover. You can [[diffblog:2025/03/12/hear-that-the-wikis-go-silent-twice-a-year/|read more about the background and details of this process on the Diff blog]]. If you want to keep an ear out for the next server switchover, listen to the wikis on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1742392800 March 19 at 14:00 UTC]. '''Updates for editors''' * The [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&filter-type=automatic&filter-id=previous-edits&active-list=suggestions&from=en&to=es improved Content Translation tool dashboard] is now available in [[phab:T387820|10 Wikipedias]] and will be available for all Wikipedias [[phab:T387821|soon]]. With [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation#Improved translation experience|the unified dashboard]], desktop users can now: Translate new sections of an article; Discover and access topic-based [https://ig.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&active-list=suggestions&from=en&to=ig&filter-type=automatic&filter-id=previous-edits article suggestion filters] (initially available only for mobile device users); Discover and access the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Translation suggestions: Topic-based & Community-defined lists|Community-defined lists]] filter, also known as "Collections", from wiki-projects and campaigns. * On Wikimedia Commons, a [[c:Commons:WMF support for Commons/Upload Wizard Improvements#Improve category selection|new system to select the appropriate file categories]] has been introduced: if a category has one or more subcategories, users will be able to click on an arrow that will open the subcategories directly within the form, and choose the correct one. The parent category name will always be shown on top, and it will always be possible to come back to it. This should decrease the amount of work for volunteers in fixing/creating new categories. The change is also available on mobile. These changes are part of planned improvements to the UploadWizard. * The Community Tech team is seeking wikis to join a pilot for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Multiblocks|Multiblocks]] feature and a refreshed Special:Block page in late March. Multiblocks enables administrators to impose multiple different types of blocks on the same user at the same time. If you are an admin or steward and would like us to discuss joining the pilot with your community, please leave a message on the [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Multiblocks|project talk page]]. * Starting March 25, the Editing team will test a new feature for Edit Check at [[phab:T384372|12 Wikipedias]]: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Multi-check|Multi-Check]]. Half of the newcomers on these wikis will see all [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#ref|Reference Checks]] during their edit session, while the other half will continue seeing only one. The goal of this test is to see if users are confused or discouraged when shown multiple Reference Checks (when relevant) within a single editing session. At these wikis, the tags used on edits that show References Check will be simplified, as multiple tags could be shown within a single edit. Changes to the tags are documented [[phab:T373949|on Phabricator]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379131] * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global reminder bot|Global reminder bot]], which is a service for notifying users that their temporary user-rights are about to expire, now supports using the localized name of the user-rights group in the message heading. Translators can see the [[m:Global reminder bot/Translation|listing of existing translations and documentation]] to check if their language needs updating or creation. * The [[Special:GlobalPreferences|GlobalPreferences]] gender setting, which is used for how the software should refer to you in interface messages, now works as expected by overriding the local defaults. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386584] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:26}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:26|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the Wikipedia App for Android had a bug fixed for when a user is browsing and searching in multiple languages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379777] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Later this week, the way that Codex styles are loaded will be changing. There is a small risk that this may result in unstyled interface message boxes on certain pages. User generated content (e.g. templates) is not impacted. Gadgets may be impacted. If you see any issues [[phab:T388847|please report them]]. See the linked task for details, screenshots, and documentation on how to fix any affected gadgets. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.21|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/12|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W12"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०५:३३, १८ मार्च २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28412594 --> == [[प्रयोगकर्ता:Janak SK]]मा [[User:Janak SK|Janak SK]]को प्रश्न (१६:२३, २० मार्च २०२५) == रिमाल थर रिमाल थर नेपालमा पाइने एउटा थर हो, जसलाई गैरदलित र दलित समुदाय दुबैमा वर्गीकृत गर्न सकिन्छ। ऐतिहासिक रूपमा, यो थर विभिन्न भौगोलिक स्थानहरूमा फैलिएको पाइन्छ। इतिहास र उत्पत्ति रिमाल थरका व्यक्तिहरू मुख्य रूपमा बैतडी जिल्लाको दुगेडाकेदार गाउँपालिका अन्तर्गत पर्ने रिम भन्ने ठाउँबाट बसाई सरी आएका मानिन्छन्। करिब पाँच-छ सय वर्ष पहिले, त्यहाँका केही व्यक्तिहरू दार्चुलाको लेकम गाउँपालिका तथा अन्य विभिन्न स्थानमा बसाइँ सरेका थिए। त्यस समयमा स्थानीय भूगोलको आधारमा थर कायम गर्ने परम्पराअनुसार रिम क्षेत्रबाट आएका व्यक्तिहरूले आफ्नो थरलाई रिमाल भनेर संशोधित गरेका थिए। धार्मिक तथा सांस्कृतिक पक्ष रिमाल थर भएका व्यक्तिहरू प्रमुख रूपमा हिन्दू धर्म मान्ने गर्छन्। उनीहरूले दशैँ, तिहार, जनै पूर्णिमा, र तीज जस्ता पर्वहरू विशेष रूपमा मनाउँछन्। परम्परागत रूपमा, तिनका संस्कार र चाडपर्वहरू क्षेत्रीय भिन्नताका आधारमा केही फरक देखिन्छ। रिमाल थरको विविधता रिमाल थर कुनै एकल समुदाय वा जातिमा मात्र सीमित छैन। नेपालमा पाइने सामाजिक तथा जातीय संरचनाका आधारमा यो थर विभिन्न समुदायमा रहेका व्यक्तिहरूले राखेको पाइन्छ। भूगोल, इतिहास, तथा पारिवारिक परम्पराका आधारमा यसको सामाजिक स्थान फरक हुन सक्छ। सम्बन्धित विषयहरू नेपालको थरहरूको उत्पत्ति बैतडी जिल्लाको ऐतिहासिक बसाइँसराइ नेपाली समाजमा थरको महत्व --- यो जानकारीलाई विकिपिडियामा पोस्ट गर्दा थप विश्वसनीय स्रोतहरू उल्लेख गर्नुपर्छ। यदि थप प्रमाण र ऐतिहासिक सन्दर्भहरू उपलब्ध छन् भने, तिनलाई पनि समावेश गर्दा राम्रो हुनेछ। --[[User:Janak SK|Janak]] ([[User talk:Janak SK|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १६:२३, २० मार्च २०२५ (नेपाली समय) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-13</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W13"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/13|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Wikimedia Foundation is seeking your feedback on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Product & Technology OKRs|drafts of the objectives and key results that will shape the Foundation's Product and Technology priorities]] for the next fiscal year (starting in July). The objectives are broad high-level areas, and the key-results are measurable ways to track the success of their objectives. Please share your feedback on the talkpage, in any language, ideally before the end of April. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] will be released to multiple wikis (see [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status#Global Deployment Plan|deployment plan]] for details) in April 2025, and the team has begun the process of engaging communities on the identified wikis. The extension provides tools to organize, manage, and promote collaborative activities (like events, edit-a-thons, and WikiProjects) on the wikis. The extension has three tools: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaboration list|Collaboration List]], and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Invitation list|Invitation Lists]]. It is currently on 13 Wikipedias, including English Wikipedia, French Wikipedia, and Spanish Wikipedia, as well as Wikidata. Questions or requests can be directed to the [[mw:Help talk:Extension:CampaignEvents|extension talk page]] or in Phabricator (with <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr" style="white-space: nowrap;">#campaigns-product-team</bdi> tag). * Starting the week of March 31st, wikis will be able to set which user groups can view private registrants in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]], as part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents]] extension. By default, event organizers and the local wiki admins will be able to see private registrants. This is a change from the current behavior, in which only event organizers can see private registrants. Wikis can change the default setup by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Requesting wiki configuration changes|requesting a configuration change]] in Phabricator (and adding the <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr" style="white-space: nowrap;">#campaigns-product-team</bdi> tag). Participants of past events can cancel their registration at any time. * Administrators at wikis that have a customized <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[MediaWiki:Sidebar]]</bdi> should check that it contains an entry for the {{int:specialpages}} listing. If it does not, they should add it using <code dir=ltr style="white-space: nowrap;">* specialpages-url|specialpages</code>. Wikis with a default sidebar will see the link moved from the page toolbox into the sidebar menu in April. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T388927] * The Minerva skin (mobile web) combines both Notice and Alert notifications within the bell icon ([[File:OOjs UI icon bell.svg|16px|link=|class=skin-invert]]). There was a long-standing bug where an indication for new notifications was only shown if you had unseen Alerts. This bug is now fixed. In the future, Minerva users will notice a counter atop the bell icon when you have 1 or more unseen Notices and/or Alerts. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344029] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * VisualEditor has introduced a [[mw:VisualEditor/Hooks|new client-side hook]] for developers to use when integrating with the VisualEditor target lifecycle. This hook should replace the existing lifecycle-related hooks, and be more consistent between different platforms. In addition, the new hook will apply to uses of VisualEditor outside of just full article editing, allowing gadgets to interact with the editor in DiscussionTools as well. The Editing Team intends to deprecate and eventually remove the old lifecycle hooks, so any use cases that this new hook does not cover would be of interest to them and can be [[phab:T355555|shared in the task]]. * Developers who use the <code dir=ltr>mw.Api</code> JavaScript library, can now identify the tool using it with the <code dir=ltr>userAgent</code> parameter: <code dir=ltr>var api = new mw.Api( { userAgent: 'GadgetNameHere/1.0.1' } );</code>. If you maintain a gadget or user script, please set a user agent, because it helps with library and server maintenance and with differentiating between legitimate and illegitimate traffic. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373874][https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Policy:Wikimedia_Foundation_User-Agent_Policy] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.22|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/13|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W13"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०४:२८, २५ मार्च २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28443127 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-14</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W14"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/14|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The Editing team is working on a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit Check|Edit check]]: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check#26 March 2025|Peacock check]]. This check's goal is to identify non-neutral terms while a user is editing a wikipage, so that they can be informed that their edit should perhaps be changed before they publish it. This project is at the early stages, and the team is looking for communities' input: [[phab:T389445|in this Phabricator task]], they are gathering on-wiki policies, templates used to tag non-neutral articles, and the terms (jargon and keywords) used in edit summaries for the languages they are currently researching. You can participate by editing the table on Phabricator, commenting on the task, or directly messaging [[m:user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]]. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Platform Team/SUL3|Single User Login]] has now been updated on all wikis to move login and account creation to a central domain. This makes user login compatible with browser restrictions on cross-domain cookies, which have prevented users of some browsers from staying logged in. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:35}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:35|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Starting on March 31st, the MediaWiki Interfaces team will begin a limited release of generated OpenAPI specs and a SwaggerUI-based sandbox experience for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:REST API|MediaWiki REST APIs]]. They invite developers from a limited group of non-English Wikipedia communities (Arabic, German, French, Hebrew, Interlingua, Dutch, Chinese) to review the documentation and experiment with the sandbox in their preferred language. In addition to these specific Wikipedia projects, the sandbox and OpenAPI spec will be available on the [[testwiki:Special:RestSandbox|on the test wiki REST Sandbox special page]] for developers with English as their preferred language. During the preview period, the MediaWiki Interfaces Team also invites developers to [[mw:MediaWiki Interfaces Team/Feature Feedback/REST Sandbox|share feedback about your experience]]. The preview will last for approximately 2 weeks, after which the sandbox and OpenAPI specs will be made available across all wiki projects. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.23|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * Sometimes a small, [[gerrit:c/operations/cookbooks/+/1129184|one line code change]] can have great significance: in this case, it means that for the first time in years we're able to run all of the stack serving <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[http://maps.wikimedia.org/ maps.wikimedia.org]</bdi> - a host dedicated to serving our wikis and their multi-lingual maps needs - from a single core datacenter, something we test every time we perform a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|datacenter switchover]]. This is important because it means that in case one of our datacenters is affected by a catastrophe, we'll still be able to serve the site. This change is the result of [[phab:T216826|extensive work]] by two developers on porting the last component of the maps stack over to [[w:en:Kubernetes|kubernetes]], where we can allocate resources more efficiently than before, thus we're able to withstand more traffic in a single datacenter. This work involved a lot of complicated steps because this software, and the software libraries it uses, required many long overdue upgrades. This type of work makes the Wikimedia infrastructure more sustainable. '''Meetings and events''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Workshop Spring 2025|MediaWiki Users and Developers Workshop Spring 2025]] is happening in Sandusky, USA, and online, from 14–16 May 2025. The workshop will feature discussions around the usage of MediaWiki software by and within companies in different industries and will inspire and onboard new users. Registration and presentation signup is now available at the workshop's website. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/14|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W14"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०५:५०, १ अप्रिल २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28473566 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-15</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W15"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/15|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * From now on, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Interface administrators|interface admins]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Central notice administrators|centralnotice admins]] are technically required to enable [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two-factor authentication|two-factor authentication]] before they can use their privileges. In the future this might be expanded to more groups with advanced user-rights. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T150898] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The Design System Team is preparing to release the next major version of Codex (v2.0.0) on April 29. Editors and developers who use CSS from Codex should see the [[mw:Codex/Release Timeline/2.0|2.0 overview documentation]], which includes guidance related to a few of the breaking changes such as <code dir=ltr style="white-space: nowrap;">font-size</code>, <code dir=ltr style="white-space: nowrap;">line-height</code>, and <code dir=ltr style="white-space: nowrap;">size-icon</code>. * The results of the [[mw:Developer Satisfaction Survey/2025|Developer Satisfaction Survey (2025)]]  are now available. Thank you to all participants. These results help the Foundation decide what to work on next and to review what they recently worked on. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.24|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Hackathon 2025|2025 Wikimedia Hackathon]] will take place in Istanbul, Turkey, between 2–4 May. Registration for attending the in-person event will close on 13 April. Before registering, please note the potential need for a [https://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkish-representations.en.mfa visa] or [https://www.mfa.gov.tr/visa-information-for-foreigners.en.mfa e-visa] to enter the country. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/15|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W15"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ००:३८, ८ अप्रिल २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28507470 --> == This Month in Education: March 2025 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language. <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 14 • Issue 3 • March 2025</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/March 2025|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/March 2025/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2025/A Whole New World: Research Findings on New Editor Integration in Serbian Wikipedia|A Whole New World: Research Findings on New Editor Integration in Serbian Wikipedia]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2025/Bolivia: a new round of Leamos Wikipedia begins in Bolivia|Bolivia: a new round of Leamos Wikipedia begins in Bolivia]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2025/Faculty of Social Sciences Workshop in Albania|Faculty of Social Sciences Workshop in Albania]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2025/Lots of contributions and trainings as part of Wikimedia MKD's Education Programme|Lots of contributions and trainings as part of Wikimedia MKD's Education Programme]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2025/Wikimedia organized multiple events of science and education in Brazil during the month of March|Wikimedia organized multiple events of science and education in Brazil during the month of March]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] २०:४९, १० अप्रिल २०२५ (नेपाली समय)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=28458563 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-16</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W16"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/16|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Later this week, the default thumbnail size will be increased from 220px to 250px. This changes how pages are shown in all wikis and has been requested by some communities for many years, but wasn't previously possible due to technical limitations. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T355914] * File thumbnails are now stored in discrete sizes. If a page specifies a thumbnail size that's not among the standard sizes (20, 40, 60, 120, 250, 330, 500, 960), then MediaWiki will pick the closest larger thumbnail size but will tell the browser to downscale it to the requested size. In these cases, nothing will change visually but users might load slightly larger images. If it doesn't matter which thumbnail size is used in a page, please pick one of the standard sizes to avoid the extra in-browser down-scaling step. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Images#Thumbnail_sizes][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T355914] '''Updates for editors''' * The Wikimedia Foundation are working on a system called [[m:Edge Uniques|Edge Uniques]] which will enable [[:w:en:A/B testing|A/B testing]], help protect against [[:w:en:Denial-of-service attack|Distributed denial-of-service attacks]] (DDoS attacks), and make it easier to understand how many visitors the Wikimedia sites have. This is so that they can more efficiently build tools which help readers, and make it easier for readers to find what they are looking for. * To improve security for users, a small percentage of logins will now require that the account owner input a one-time password [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:EmailAuth|emailed to their account]]. It is recommended that you [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-personal-email|check]] that the email address on your account is set correctly, and that it has been confirmed, and that you have an email set for this purpose. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T390662] * "Are you interested in taking a short survey to improve tools used for reviewing or reverting edits on your Wiki?" This question will be [[phab:T389401|asked at 7 wikis starting next week]], on Recent Changes and Watchlist pages. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools|Moderator Tools team]] wants to know more about activities that involve looking at new edits made to your Wikimedia project, and determining whether they adhere to your project's policies. * On April 15, the full Wikidata graph will no longer be supported on <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">[https://query.wikidata.org/ query.wikidata.org]</bdi>. After this date, scholarly articles will be available through <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr" style="white-space:nowrap;">[https://query-scholarly.wikidata.org/ query-scholarly.wikidata.org]</bdi>, while the rest of the data hosted on Wikidata will be available through the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">[https://query.wikidata.org/ query.wikidata.org]</bdi> endpoint. This is part of the scheduled split of the Wikidata Graph, which was [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update/September 2024 scaling update|announced in September 2024]]. More information is [[d:Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS graph split|available on Wikidata]]. * The latest quarterly [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Newsletter/First quarter of 2025|Wikimedia Apps Newsletter]] is now available. It covers updates, experiments, and improvements made to the Wikipedia mobile apps. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The latest quarterly [[mw:Technical Community Newsletter/2025/April|Technical Community Newsletter]] is now available. This edition includes: an invitation for tool maintainers to attend the Toolforge UI Community Feedback Session on April 15th; recent community metrics; and recent technical blog posts. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.25|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/16|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W16"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०६:१०, १५ अप्रिल २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28540654 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-17</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W17"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/17|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Main Page|Wikifunctions]] is now integrated with [[w:dag:Solɔɣu|Dagbani Wikipedia]] since April 15. It is the first project that will be able to call [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Introduction|functions from Wikifunctions]] and integrate them in articles. A function is something that takes one or more inputs and transforms them into a desired output, such as adding up two numbers, converting miles into metres, calculating how much time has passed since an event, or declining a word into a case. Wikifunctions will allow users to do that through a simple call of [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Catalogue|a stable and global function]], rather than via a local template. [https://www.wikifunctions.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status_updates/2025-04-16] * A new type of lint error has been created: [[Special:LintErrors/empty-heading|{{int:linter-category-empty-heading}}]] ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Lint errors/empty-heading|documentation]]). The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Linter|Linter extension]]'s purpose is to identify wikitext patterns that must or can be fixed in pages and provide some guidance about what the problems are with those patterns and how to fix them. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368722] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:37}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:37|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Following its publication on HuggingFace, the "Structured Contents" dataset, developed by Wikimedia Enterprise, is [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/kaggle-dataset/ now also available on Kaggle]. This Beta initiative is focused on making Wikimedia data more machine-readable for high-volume reusers. They are releasing this beta version in a location that open dataset communities already use, in order to seek feedback, to help improve the product for a future wider release. You can read more about the overall [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/structured-contents-snapshot-api/#open-datasets Structured Contents project], and about the [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/structured-contents-wikipedia-infobox/ first release that's freely usable]. * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''Meetings and events''' * The Editing and Machine Learning Teams invite interested volunteers to a video meeting to discuss [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Peacock check|Peacock check]], which is the latest [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check|Edit check]] that will detect "peacock" or "overly-promotional" or "non-neutral" language whilst an editor is typing. Editors who work with newcomers, or help to fix this kind of writing, or are interested in how we use artificial intelligence in our projects are encouraged to attend. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Editing team/Community Conversations#Next Conversation|meeting will be on April 28, 2025]] at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1745863200 18:00–19:00 UTC] and hosted on Zoom. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/17|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W17"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०२:४६, २२ अप्रिल २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28578245 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-18</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W18"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/18|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Event organizers who host collaborative activities on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status#Global Deployment Plan|multiple wikis]], including Bengali, Japanese, and Korean Wikipedias, will have access to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] this week. Also, admins in the Wikipedia where the extension is enabled will automatically be granted the event organizer right soon. They won't have to manually grant themselves the right before they can manage events as [[phab:T386861|requested by a community]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:19}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:19|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The release of the next major version of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|Codex]], the design system for Wikimedia, is scheduled for 29 April 2025. Technical editors will have access to the release by the week of 5 May 2025. This update will include a number of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Release_Timeline/2.0#Breaking_changes|breaking changes]] and minor [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Release_Timeline/2.0#Visual_changes|visual changes]]. Instructions on handling the breaking and visual changes are documented on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Release Timeline/2.0#|this page]]. Pre-release testing is reported in [[phab:T386298|T386298]], with post-release issues tracked in [[phab:T392379|T392379]] and [[phab:T392390|T392390]]. * Users of [[wikitech:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Wiki_Replicas|Wiki Replicas]] will notice that the database views of <code dir="ltr">ipblocks</code>, <code dir="ltr">ipblocks_ipindex</code>, and <code dir="ltr">ipblocks_compat</code> are [[phab:T390767|now deprecated]]. Users can query the <code dir="ltr">[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block_table|block]]</code> and <code dir="ltr">[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block_target_table|block_target]]</code> new views that mirror the new tables in the production database instead. The deprecated views will be removed entirely from Wiki Replicas in June, 2025. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.27|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/April|Language and Internationalization Newsletter]] is now available. This edition includes an overview of the improved [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=es&filter-type=automatic&filter-id=previous-edits&active-list=suggestions&from=en#/ Content Translation Dashboard Tool], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/April#Language Support for New and Existing Languages|support for new languages]], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/April#Wiki Loves Ramadan Articles Made In Content Translation Mobile Workflow|highlights from the Wiki Loves Ramadan campaign]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Research:Languages Onboarding Experiment 2024 - Executive Summary|results from the Language Onboarding Experiment]], an analysis of topic diversity in articles, and information on upcoming community meetings and events. '''Meetings and events''' * The [[Special:MyLanguage/Grants:Knowledge_Sharing/Connect/Calendar|Let's Connect Learning Clinic]] will take place on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1745937000 April 29 at 14:30 UTC]. This edition will focus on "Understanding and Navigating Conflict in Wikimedia Projects". You can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Learning Clinic %E2%80%93 Understanding and Navigating Conflict in Wikimedia Projects (Part_1)|register now]] to attend. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Hackathon 2025|2025 Wikimedia Hackathon]], which brings the global technical community together to connect, brainstorm, and hack existing projects, will take place from May 2 to 4th, 2025, at Istanbul, Turkey. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/18|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W18"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०१:१७, २९ अप्रिल २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28585685 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-19</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W19"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/19|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Wikimedia Foundation has shared the latest draft update to their [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026|annual plan]] for next year (July 2025–June 2026). This includes an [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026|executive summary]] (also on [[diffblog:2025/04/25/sharing-the-wikimedia-foundations-2025-2026-draft-annual-plan/|Diff]]), details about the three main [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals|goals]] ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Product & Technology OKRs|Infrastructure]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals/Volunteer Support|Volunteer Support]], and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals/Effectiveness|Effectiveness]]), [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Global Trends|global trends]], and the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Budget Overview|budget]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Financial Model|financial model]]. Feedback and questions are welcome on the [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026|talk page]] until the end of May. '''Updates for editors''' * For wikis that have the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status|CampaignEvents extension enabled]], two new feature improvements have been released: ** Admins can now choose which namespaces are permitted for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]] via [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Community Configuration|Community Configuration]] ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Registration/Permitted namespaces|documentation]]). The default setup is for event registration to be permitted in the Event namespace, but other namespaces (such as the project namespace or WikiProject namespace) can now be added. With this change, communities like WikiProjects can now more easily use Event Registration for their collaborative activities. ** Editors can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Transclusion|transclude]] the Collaboration List on a wiki page ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Collaboration list/Transclusion|documentation]]). The Collaboration List is an automated list of events and WikiProjects on the wikis, accessed via {{#special:AllEvents}} ([[w:en:Special:AllEvents|example]]). Now, the Collaboration List can be added to all sorts of wiki pages, such as: a wiki mainpage, a WikiProject page, an affiliate page, an event page, or even a user page. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Developers who use the <code dir=ltr>moment</code> library in gadgets and user scripts should revise their code to use alternatives like the <code dir=ltr>Intl</code> library or the new <code dir=ltr>mediawiki.DateFormatter</code> library. The <code dir=ltr>moment</code> library has been deprecated and will begin to log messages in the developer console. You can see a global search for current uses, and [[phab:T392532|ask related questions in this Phabricator task]]. * Developers who maintain a tool that queries the Wikidata term store tables (<code dir=ltr style="white-space: nowrap;">wbt_*</code>) need to update their code to connect to a separate database cluster. These tables are being split into a separate database cluster. Tools that query those tables via the wiki replicas must be adapted to connect to the new cluster instead. [[wikitech:News/2025 Wikidata term store database split|Documentation and related links are available]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T390954] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.28|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The latest [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates|Chart Project newsletter]] is available. It includes updates on preparing to expand the deployment to additional wikis as soon as this week (starting May 6) and scaling up over the following weeks, plus exploring filtering and transforming source data. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/19|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W19"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०६:००, ६ मे २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28665011 --> == This Month in Education: April 2025 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language. <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 14 • Issue 4 • April 2025</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/April 2025|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/April 2025/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2025/Ceremony of giving certificates and awarding the winners of the edit-a-thon: Meet Slovenia|Ceremony of giving certificates and awarding the winners of the edit-a-thon: Meet Slovenia]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2025/The Workshops Wikimedia & Education are back in Brazil|The Workshops Wikimedia & Education are back in Brazil]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2025/EduWiki Nigeria: Advancing Digital Literacy in Schools|EduWiki Nigeria: Advancing Digital Literacy in Schools]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2025/Empowering the Next Generation: Wikidata Training at Federal Government Boys College, FGBC Abuja|Empowering the Next Generation: Wikidata Training at Federal Government Boys College, FGBC Abuja]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2025/Final Wikipedia project with Shefit Hekali school in Peqin, Albania|Final Wikipedia project with Shefit Hekali school in Peqin, Albania]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2025/Teachers who graduated from the Leamos Wikipedia program in Bolivia become mentors for their colleagues |Teachers who graduated from the Leamos Wikipedia program in Bolivia become mentors for their colleagues]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2025/Wikivoyage in Has region, Northern Albania|Wikivoyage in Has region, Northern Albania]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2025/Wikivoyage workshop in Bulqiza|Wikivoyage workshop in Bulqiza]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] ०८:३३, १० मे २०२५ (नेपाली समय)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=28656387 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-20</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W20"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/20|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia URL Shortener|"Get shortened URL"]] link on the sidebar now includes a [[phab:T393309|QR code]]. Wikimedia site users can now use it by scanning or downloading it to quickly share and access shared content from Wikimedia sites, conveniently. '''Updates for editors''' * The Wikimedia Foundation is working on a system called [[m:Edge Uniques|Edge Uniques]], which will enable [[w:en:A/B testing|A/B testing]], help protect against [[w:en:Denial-of-service attack|distributed denial-of-service attacks]] (DDoS attacks), and make it easier to understand how many visitors the Wikimedia sites have. This is to help more efficiently build tools which help readers, and make it easier for readers to find what they are looking for. Tech News has [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/16|previously written about this]]. The deployment will be gradual. Some might see the Edge Uniques cookie the week of 19 May. You can discuss this on the [[m:Talk:Edge Uniques|talk page]]. * Starting May 19, 2025, Event organisers in wikis with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] enabled can use [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]] in the project namespace (e.g., Wikipedia namespace, Wikidata namespace). With this change, communities don't need admins to use the feature. However, wikis that don't want this change can remove and add the permitted namespaces at [[Special:CommunityConfiguration/CampaignEvents]]. * The Wikipedia project now has a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia/en}} in [[d:Q36720|Nupe]] ([[w:nup:|<code>w:nup:</code>]]). This is a language primarily spoken in the North Central region of Nigeria. Speakers of this language are invited to contribute to [[w:nup:Tatacin feregi|new Wikipedia]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Developers can now access pre-parsed Dutch Wikipedia, amongst others (English, German, French, Spanish, Italian, and Portuguese) through the [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/docs/snapshot/#structured-contents-snapshot-bundle-info-beta Structured Contents snapshots (beta)]. The content includes parsed Wikipedia abstracts, descriptions, main images, infoboxes, article sections, and references. * The <code dir="ltr">/page/data-parsoid</code> REST API endpoint is no longer in use and will be deprecated. It is [[phab:T393557|scheduled to be turned off]] on June 7, 2025. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.1|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/News/2025_Cloud_VPS_VXLAN_IPv6_migration IPv6 support] is a newly introduced Cloud virtual network that significantly boosts Wikimedia platforms' scalability, security, and readiness for the future. If you are a technical contributor eager to learn more, check out [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2025/05/06/wikimedia-cloud-vps-ipv6-support/ this blog post] for an in-depth look at the journey to IPv6. '''Meetings and events''' * The 2nd edition of 2025 of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Afrika Baraza|Afrika Baraza]], a virtual platform for African Wikimedians to connect, will take place on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1747328400 May 15 at 17:00 UTC]. This edition will focus on discussions regarding [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026|Wikimedia Annual planning and progress]]. * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MENA Connect Community Call|MENA Connect Community Call]], a virtual meeting for [[w:en:Middle East and North Africa|MENA]] Wikimedians to connect, will take place on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1747501200 May 17 at 17:00 UTC]. You can [[m:Event:MENA Connect (Wiki_Diwan) APP Call|register now]] to attend. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/20|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W20"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०४:२३, १३ मे २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28714188 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-21</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W21"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/21|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Editing Team and the Machine Learning Team are working on a new check for newcomers: [[mw:Edit check/Peacock check|Peacock check]]. Using a prediction model, this check will encourage editors to improve the tone of their edits, using artificial intelligence. We invite volunteers to review the first version of the Peacock language model for the following languages: Arabic, Spanish, Portuguese, English, and Japanese. Users from these wikis interested in reviewing this model are [[mw:Edit check/Peacock check/model test|invited to sign up at MediaWiki.org]]. The deadline to sign up is on May 23, which will be the start date of the test. '''Updates for editors''' * From May 20, 2025, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Oversight policy|oversighters]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Meta:CheckUsers|checkusers]] will need to have their accounts secured with two-factor authentication (2FA) to be able to use their advanced rights. All users who belong to these two groups and do not have 2FA enabled have been informed. In the future, this requirement may be extended to other users with advanced rights. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Mandatory two-factor authentication for users with some extended rights|Learn more]]. * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Multiblocks|Multiblocks]] will begin mass deployment by the end of the month: all non-Wikipedia projects plus Catalan Wikipedia will adopt Multiblocks in the week of May 26, while all other Wikipedias will adopt it in the week of June 2. Please [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Multiblocks|contact the team]] if you have concerns. Administrators can test the new user interface now on your own wiki by browsing to [{{fullurl:Special:Block|usecodex=1}} {{#special:Block}}?usecodex=1], and can test the full multiblocks functionality [[testwiki:Special:Block|on testwiki]]. Multiblocks is the feature that makes it possible for administrators to impose different types of blocks on the same user at the same time. See the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Manage blocks|help page]] for more information. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T377121] * Later this week, the [[{{#special:SpecialPages}}]] listing of almost all special pages will be updated with a new design. This page has been [[phab:T219543|redesigned]] to improve the user experience in a few ways, including: The ability to search for names and aliases of the special pages, sorting, more visible marking of restricted special pages, and a more mobile-friendly look. The new version can be [https://meta.wikimedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Special:SpecialPages previewed] at Beta Cluster now, and feedback shared in the task. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T219543] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Chart extension]] is being enabled on more wikis. For a detailed list of when the extension will be enabled on your wiki, please read the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project#Deployment Timeline|deployment timeline]]. * [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Main Page|Wikifunctions]] will be deployed on May 27 on five Wiktionaries: [[wikt:ha:|Hausa]], [[wikt:ig:|Igbo]], [[wikt:bn:|Bengali]], [[wikt:ml:|Malayalam]], and [[wikt:dv:|Dhivehi/Maldivian]]. This is the second batch of deployment planned for the project. After deployment, the projects will be able to call [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Introduction|functions from Wikifunctions]] and integrate them in their pages. A function is something that takes one or more inputs and transforms them into a desired output, such as adding up two numbers, converting miles into metres, calculating how much time has passed since an event, or declining a word into a case. Wikifunctions will allow users to do that through a simple call of [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Catalogue|a stable and global function]], rather than via a local template. * Later this week, the Wikimedia Foundation will publish a hub for [[diffblog:2024/07/09/on-the-value-of-experimentation/|experiments]]. This is to showcase and get user feedback on product experiments. The experiments help the Wikimedia movement [[diffblog:2023/07/13/exploring-paths-for-the-future-of-free-knowledge-new-wikipedia-chatgpt-plugin-leveraging-rich-media-social-apps-and-other-experiments/|understand new users]], how they interact with the internet and how it could affect the Wikimedia movement. Some examples are [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Future Audiences/Generated Video|generated video]], the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Future Audiences/Roblox game|Wikipedia Roblox speedrun game]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Future Audiences/Discord bot|the Discord bot]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:29}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:29|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, there was a bug with creating an account using the API, which has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T390751] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Gadgets and user scripts that interact with [[{{#special:Block}}]] may need to be updated to work with the new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Manage blocks|manage blocks interface]]. Please review the [[mw:Help:Manage blocks/Developers|developer guide]] for more information. If you need help or are unable to adapt your script to the new interface, please let the team know on the [[mw:Help talk:Manage blocks/Developers|talk page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T377121] * The <code dir=ltr>mw.title</code> object allows you to get information about a specific wiki page in the [[w:en:Wikipedia:Lua|Lua]] programming language. Starting this week, a new property will be added to the object, named <code dir=ltr>isDisambiguationPage</code>. This property allows you to check if a page is a disambiguation page, without the need to write a custom function. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T71441] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] User script developers can use a [[toolforge:gitlab-content|new reverse proxy tool]] to load javascript and css from [[gitlab:|gitlab.wikimedia.org]] with <code dir=ltr>mw.loader.load</code>. The tool's author hopes this will enable collaborative development workflows for user scripts including linting, unit tests, code generation, and code review on <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">gitlab.wikimedia.org</bdi> without a separate copy-and-paste step to publish scripts to a Wikimedia wiki for integration and acceptance testing. See [[wikitech:Tool:Gitlab-content|Tool:Gitlab-content on Wikitech]] for more information. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.2|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * The 12th edition of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Workshop 2025|Wiki Workshop 2025]], a forum that brings together researchers that explore all aspects of Wikimedia projects, will be held virtually on 21-22 May. Researchers can [https://pretix.eu/wikimedia/wikiworkshop2025/ register now]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/21|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W21"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०४:५८, २० मे २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28724712 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-22</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W22"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/22|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * A community-wide discussion about a very delicate issue for the development of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia|Abstract Wikipedia]] is now open on Meta: where to store the abstract content that will be developed through functions from Wikifunctions and data from Wikidata. The discussion is open until June 12 at [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content|Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content]], and every opinion is welcomed. The decision will be made and communicated after the consultation period by the Foundation. '''Updates for editors''' * Since last week, on all wikis except [[phab:T388604|the largest 20]], people using the mobile visual editor will have [[phab:T385851|additional tools in the menu bar]], accessed using the new <code>+</code> toolbar button. To start, the new menu will include options to add: citations, hieroglyphs, and code blocks. Deployment to the remaining wikis is [[phab:T388605|scheduled]] to happen in June. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] The <code dir=ltr>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserFunctions##ifexist|#ifexist]]</code> parser function will no longer register a link to its target page. This will improve the usefulness of [[{{#special:WantedPages}}]], which will eventually only list pages that are the target of an actual red link. This change will happen gradually as the source pages are updated. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T14019] * This week, the Moderator Tools team will launch [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|a new filter to Recent Changes]], starting at Indonesian Wikipedia. This new filter highlights edits that are likely to be reverted. The goal is to help Recent Changes patrollers identify potentially problematic edits. Other wikis will benefit from this filter in the future. * Upon clicking an empty search bar, logged-out users will see suggestions of articles for further reading. The feature will be available on both desktop and mobile. Readers of Catalan, Hebrew, and Italian Wikipedias and some sister projects will receive the change between May 21 and mid-June. Readers of other wikis will receive the change later. The goal is to encourage users to read the wikis more. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Content Discovery Experiments/Search Suggestions|Learn more]]. * Some users of the Wikipedia Android app can use a new feature for readers, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/TrivaGame|WikiGames]], a daily trivia game based on real historical events. The release has started as an A/B test, available to 50% of users in the following languages: English, French, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, Arabic, Chinese, and Turkish. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Newsletter|Newsletter extension]] that is available on MediaWiki.org allows the creation of [[mw:Special:Newsletters|various newsletters]] for global users. The extension can now publish new issues as section links on an existing page, instead of requiring a new page for each issue. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T393844] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The previously deprecated <code dir=ltr>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Ipblocks table|ipblocks]]</code> views in [[wikitech:Help:Wiki Replicas|Wiki Replicas]] will be removed in the beginning of June. Users are encouraged to query the new <code dir=ltr>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block table|block]]</code> and <code dir=ltr>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block target table|block_target]]</code> views instead. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.3|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Wikidata and Sister Projects|Wikidata and Sister Projects]] is a multi-day online event that will focus on how Wikidata is integrated to Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia projects. The event runs from May 29 – June 1. You can [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Wikidata and Sister Projects#Sessions|read the Program schedule]] and [[d:Special:RegisterForEvent/1291|register]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/22|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W22"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०१:५०, २७ मे २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28788673 --> == This Month in Education: May 2025 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language. <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 14 • Issue 5 • May 2025</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/May 2025|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/May 2025/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2025/Journalism students at Aleksandër Xhuvani University explore Wikipedia in Albania|Journalism students at Aleksandër Xhuvani University explore Wikipedia in Albania]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2025/Reviewing pending articles editathon with high school students in Albania|Reviewing pending articles editathon with high school students in Albania]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2025/Several educational workshops to promote science on Wiki were held in Brazil in the month of May|Several educational workshops to promote science on Wiki were held in Brazil in the month of May]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2025/Simón Bolívar Teacher Training College joins the Let's Read Wikipedia Program|Simón Bolívar Teacher Training College joins the Let's Read Wikipedia Program]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2025/Students become Editors: Wikimedia Chile launches Latin America's first Vikidia Workshop|Students become Editors: Wikimedia Chile launches Latin America's first Vikidia Workshop]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2025/The DemocraTICon competition was held, this year for the first time with a discipline focused on Wikipedia |The DemocraTICon competition was held, this year for the first time with a discipline focused on Wikipedia]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2025/Wikimedia MKD's "Lajka" workshop in Skopje|Wikimedia MKD's "Lajka" workshop in Skopje]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] ०८:४३, २८ मे २०२५ (नेपाली समय)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=28771448 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-23</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W23"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/23|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Chart extension]] is now available on all Wikimedia wikis. Editors can use this new extension to create interactive data visualizations like bar, line, area, and pie charts. Charts are designed to replace many of the uses of the legacy [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph|Graph extension]]. '''Updates for editors''' * It is now easier to configure automatic citations for your wiki within the visual editor's [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid/Enabling Citoid on your wiki|citation generator]]. Administrators can now set a default template by using the <code dir=ltr>_default</code> key in the local <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[MediaWiki:Citoid-template-type-map.json]]</bdi> page ([[mw:Special:Diff/6969653/7646386|example diff]]). Setting this default will also help to future-proof your existing configurations when [[phab:T347823|new item types]] are added in the future. You can still set templates for individual item types as they will be preferred to the default template. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T384709] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Starting the week of June 2, bots logging in using <code dir=ltr>action=login</code> or <code dir=ltr>action=clientlogin</code> will fail more often. This is because of stronger protections against suspicious logins. Bots using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Bot passwords|bot passwords]] or using a loginless authentication method such as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/Owner-only consumers|OAuth]] are not affected. If your bot is not using one of those, you should update it; using <code dir=ltr>action=login</code> without a bot password was deprecated [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/3EEMN7VQX5G7WMQI5K2GP5JC2336DPTD/|in 2016]]. For most bots, this only requires changing what password the bot uses. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395205] * From this week, Wikimedia wikis will allow ES2017 features in JavaScript code for official code, gadgets, and user scripts. The most visible feature of ES2017 is <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>async</code>/<code>await</code></bdi> syntax, allowing for easier-to-read code. Until this week, the platform only allowed up to ES2016, and a few months before that, up to ES2015. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381537] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.4|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * Scholarship applications to participate in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM Wiki 2025|GLAM Wiki Conference 2025]] are now open. The conference will take place from 30 October to 1 November, in Lisbon, Portugal. GLAM contributors who lack the means to support their participation can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM Wiki 2025/Scholarships|apply here]]. Scholarship applications close on June 7th. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/23|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W23"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०५:४०, ३ जुन २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28819186 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-24</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W24"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/24|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product|Trust and Safety Product team]] is finalizing work needed to roll out [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] on large Wikipedias later this month. The team has worked with stewards and other users with extended rights to predict and address many use cases that may arise on larger wikis, so that community members can continue to effectively moderate and patrol temporary accounts. This will be the second of three phases of deployment – the last one will take place in September at the earliest. For more information about the recent developments on the project, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Updates|see this update]]. If you have any comments or questions, write on the [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|talk page]], and [[m:Event:CEE Catch up Nr. 10 (June 2025)|join a CEE Catch Up]] this Tuesday. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist expiry|watchlist expiry]] feature allows editors to watch pages for a limited period of time. After that period, the page is automatically removed from your watchlist. Starting this week, you can set a preference for the default period of time to watch pages. The [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-watchlist-pageswatchlist|preferences]] also allow you to set different default watch periods for editing existing pages, pages you create, and when using rollback. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T265716] [[File:Talk pages default look (April 2023).jpg|thumb|alt=Screenshot of the visual improvements made on talk pages|Example of a talk page with the new design, in French.]] * The appearance of talk pages will change at almost all Wikipedias ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/19|some]] have already received this design change, [[phab:T379264|a few]] will get these changes later). You can read details about the changes [[diffblog:2024/05/02/making-talk-pages-better-for-everyone/|on ''Diff'']]. It is possible to opt out of these changes [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion|in user preferences]] ("{{int:discussiontools-preference-visualenhancements}}"). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T319146][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T392121] * Users with specific extended rights (including administrators, bureaucrats, checkusers, oversighters, and stewards) can now have IP addresses of all temporary accounts [[phab:T358853|revealed automatically]] during time-limited periods where they need to combat high-speed account-hopping vandalism. This feature was requested by stewards. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386492] * This week, the Moderator Tools and Machine Learning teams will continue the rollout of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|a new filter to Recent Changes]], releasing it to several more Wikipedias. This filter utilizes the Revert Risk model, which was created by the Research team, to highlight edits that are likely to be reverted and help Recent Changes patrollers identify potentially problematic contributions. The feature will be rolled out to the following Wikipedias: {{int:project-localized-name-afwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hawwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-iswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-simplewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/en}}. The rollout will continue in the coming weeks to include [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|the rest of the Wikipedias in this project]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391964] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * AbuseFilter editors active on Meta-Wiki and large Wikipedias are kindly asked to update AbuseFilter to make it compatible with temporary accounts. A link to the instructions and the private lists of filters needing verification are [[phab:T369611|available on Phabricator]]. * Lua modules now have access to the name of a page's associated thumbnail image, and on [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/g/operations/mediawiki-config/+/2e4ab14aa15bb95568f9c07dd777065901eb2126/wmf-config/InitialiseSettings.php#10849 some wikis] to the WikiProject assessment information. This is possible using two new properties on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#added-by-extensions|mw.title objects]], named <code dir=ltr>pageImage</code> and <code dir=ltr>pageAssessments</code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T131911][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380122] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.5|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/24|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W24"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०७:०२, १० जुन २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28846858 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-25</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W25"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/25|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * You can [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/359761?lang=en nominate your favorite tools] for the sixth edition of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award|Coolest Tool Award]]. Nominations are anonymous and will be open until June 25. You can re-use the survey to nominate multiple tools. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:33}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:33|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.6|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * Foundation staff and technical volunteers use Wikimedia APIs to build the tools, applications, features, and integrations that enhance user experiences. Over the coming years, the MediaWiki Interfaces team will be investing in Wikimedia web (HTTP) APIs to better serve technical volunteer needs and protect Wikimedia infrastructure from potential abuse. You can [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2025/06/12/apis-as-a-product-investing-in-the-current-and-next-generation-of-technical-contributors/ read more about their plans to evolve the APIs in this Techblog post]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/25|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W25"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०५:२४, १७ जुन २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28870688 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-26</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W26"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/26|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * This week, the Moderator Tools and Machine Learning teams will continue the rollout of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|a new filter to Recent Changes]], releasing it to the third and last batch of Wikipedias. This filter utilizes the Revert Risk model, which was created by the Research team, to highlight edits that are likely to be reverted and help Recent Changes patrollers identify potentially problematic contributions. The feature will be rolled out to the following Wikipedias: {{int:project-localized-name-azwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-swwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tlwiki/en}}. The rollout will continue in the coming weeks to include [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|the rest of the Wikipedias in this project]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391964] '''Updates for editors''' * Last week, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] were rolled out on Czech, Korean, and Turkish Wikipedias. This and next week, deployments on larger Wikipedias will follow. [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|Share your thoughts]] about the project. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T340001] * Later this week, the Editing team will release [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Multi check|Multi Check]] to all Wikipedias (except English Wikipedia). This feature shows multiple [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Reference check|Reference checks]] within the editing experience. This encourages users to add citations when they add multiple new paragraphs to a Wikipedia article. This feature was previously available as an A/B test. [https://analytics.wikimedia.org/published/reports/editing/multi_check_ab_test_report_final.html#summary-of-results The test shows] that users who are shown multiple checks are 1.3 times more likely to add a reference to their edit, and their edit is less likely to be reverted (-34.7%). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395519] * A few pages need to be renamed due to software updates and to match more recent Unicode standards. All of these changes are related to title-casing changes. Approximately 71 pages and 3 files will be renamed, across 15 wikis; the complete list is in [[phab:T396903|the task]]. The developers will rename these pages next week, and they will fix redirects and embedded file links a few minutes later via a system settings update. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:24}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:24|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed that had caused pages to scroll upwards when text near the top was selected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T364023] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Editors can now use Lua modules to filter and transform tabular data for use with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Extension:Chart]]. This can be used for things like selecting a subset of rows or columns from the source data, converting between units, statistical processing, and many other useful transformations. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Transforms|Information on how to use transforms is available]]. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates] * The <code dir=ltr>all_links</code> variable in [[Special:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]] is now renamed to <code dir=ltr>new_links</code> for consistency with other variables. Old usages will still continue to work. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391811] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.7|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters/34|Growth newsletter]] is available. It includes: the recent updates for the "Add a Link" Task, two new Newcomer Engagement Features, and updates to Community Configuration. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/26|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W26"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०५:०६, २४ जुन २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28870688 --> == This Month in Education: June 2025 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language. <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 14 • Issue 6 • June 2025</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/June 2025|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/June 2025/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2025/Albanian high school students at the Wikimedia Youth Conference 2025 in Prague|Albanian high school students at the Wikimedia Youth Conference 2025 in Prague]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2025/Bolivia has 20 new teachers graduated from the Let's Read Wikipedia in the Classroom program|Bolivia has 20 new teachers graduated from the Let's Read Wikipedia in the Classroom program]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2025/Brazil was present at the EduWiki Conference 2025 in Bogota|Brazil was present at the EduWiki Conference 2025 in Bogota]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2025/Does Wikipedia has future in the times of Chat-GPT|Does Wikipedia has future in the times of Chat-GPT]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2025/PhilWiki Community promotes accessible multilingual stories for children|PhilWiki Community promotes accessible multilingual stories for children]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2025/Reading and Editing Wikipedia in a Bangladeshi College|Reading and Editing Wikipedia in a Bangladeshi College]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2025/Wikimedia MKD's Workshops in June|Wikimedia MKD's Workshops in June]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2025/Wikipedia meets 2500 Ukrainian educators at the country’s biggest education festival|Wikipedia meets 2500 Ukrainian educators at the country’s biggest education festival]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] १३:०४, २७ जुन २०२५ (नेपाली समय)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=28903832 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-27</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W27"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/27|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] has been enabled on all Wikipedias. The extension makes it easier to organize and participate in collaborative activities, like edit-a-thons and WikiProjects, on the wikis. The extension has three features: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaboration list|Collaboration List]], and [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Invitation list|Invitation List]]. To request the extension for your wiki, visit the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status#How to Request the CampaignEvents Extension for your wiki|Deployment information page]]. '''Updates for editors''' * AbuseFilter maintainers can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:IPReputation/AbuseFilter variables|match against IP reputation data]] in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilters]]. IP reputation data is information about the proxies and VPNs associated with the user's IP address. This data is not shown publicly and is not generated for actions performed by registered accounts. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T354599] * Hidden content that is within [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Collapsible elements|collapsible parts of wikipages]] will now be revealed when someone searches the page using the web browser's "Find in page" function (Ctrl+F or ⌘F) in supporting browsers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T327893][https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Reference/Global_attributes/hidden#browser_compatibility] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] A new feature, called [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData/Template discovery|Favourite Templates]], will be deployed later this week on all projects (except English Wikipedia, which will receive the feature next week), following a piloting phase on Polish and Arabic Wikipedia, and Italian and English Wikisource. The feature will provide a better way for new and experienced contributors to recall and discover templates via the template dialog, by allowing users to put templates on a special "favourite list". The feature works with both the visual editor and the wikitext editor. The feature is a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas/Template recall and discovery|community wishlist focus area]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed that had caused some Notifications to be sent multiple times. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T397103] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.8|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/27|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W27"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०५:२६, १ जुलाई २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28917415 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-28</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W28"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/28|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Temporary accounts|Temporary accounts]] have been rolled out on 18 large and medium-sized Wikipedias, including German, Japanese, French, and Chinese. Now, about 1/3 of all logged-out activity across wikis is coming from temporary accounts. Users involved in patrolling may be interested in two new documentation pages: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Access to IP|Access to IP]], explaining everything related to access to temporary account IP addresses, and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Repository|Repository]] with a list of new gadgets and user scripts. '''Updates for editors''' * Anyone can play an experimental new game, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/New Engagement Experiments/WikiRun|WikiRun]], that lets you race through Wikipedia by clicking from one article to another, aiming to reach a target page in as few steps and in as little time as possible. The project's goal is to explore new ways of engaging readers. [https://wikirun-game.toolforge.org/ Try playing the game] and let the team know what you think [[mw:Talk:New Engagement Experiments/WikiRun|on the talk page]]. * Users of the Wikipedia Android app in some languages can now play the new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/TrivaGame|trivia game]]. ''Which came first?'' is a simple history game where you guess which of two events happened earlier on today's date. It was previously available as an A/B test. It is now available to all users in English, German, French, Spanish, Portuguese, Russian, Arabic, Turkish, and Chinese. The goal of the feature is to help engage with new generations of readers. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/22] * Users of the iOS Wikipedia App in some languages may see a new tabbed browsing feature that enables you to open multiple tabs while reading. This feature makes it easier to explore related topics and switch between articles. The A/B test is currently running in Arabic, English, and Japanese in selected regions. More details are available on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Tabbed Browsing (Tabs)|Tabbed Browsing project page]]. * Bureaucrats on Wikimedia wikis can now use [[{{#special:VerifyOATHForUser}}]] to check if users have enabled [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two-factor authentication|two-factor authentication]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T265726] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] A new feature related to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas/Template recall and discovery|Template Recall and Discovery]] will be deployed later this week to all Wikimedia projects: a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData/Template discovery#Template categories|template category browser]] will be introduced to assist users in finding templates to put in their “favourite” list. The browser will allow users to browse a list of templates which have been organised into a given category tree. The feature has been requested by the community [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Wishes/Select templates by categories|through the Community Wishlist]]. * It is now possible to access watchlist preferences from the watchlist page. Also the redundant button to edit the watchlist has been removed. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Moderator_Tools/Watchlist] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * As part of [[mw:MediaWiki_1.44|MediaWiki 1.44]] there is now a unified built-in Notifications system that makes it easier for developers to send, manage, and customize notifications. Check out the updated documentation at [[mw:Manual:Notifications|Manual:Notifications]], information about migration in [[phab:T388663|T388663]] and details on deprecated hooks in [[phab:T389624|T389624]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.9|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Event:WikidataCon 2025|WikidataCon 2025]], the conference dedicated to Wikidata is now open for [https://pretalx.com/wikidatacon-2025/cfp session proposals] and for [[d:Special:RegisterForEvent/1340|registration]]. This year's event will be held online from October 31 – November 02 and will explore on the theme of "Connecting People through Linked Open Data". '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/28|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W28"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०५:५१, ८ जुलाई २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28930584 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-29</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W29"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/29|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData/Template discovery#Featured templates|Featured templates]], a new feature related to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas/Template recall and discovery|Template Recall and Discovery]] will be deployed this week to all Wikimedia projects: With this feature, editors will be able to quickly access a list of templates that are likely to be useful. These templates will be displayed in a list, under the "featured" tab of the template discovery interface. Administrators can define the list via the Community Configuration interface. The feature fulfills a request by the community [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Wishes/Easy access Templates|through the Community Wishlist]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T367428][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T392896] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the request to add Malayalam fonts in the [[oldWikisource:Special:MyLanguage/Wikisource:WS Export|Wikisource Book Export Tool]] was resolved and now, the rendering of Malayalam letters in exported Wikisource books are accurate. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374457] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.10|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * Developers, designers, and all Wikimedians are invited to [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/7953/ submit a project idea] for the Wikimania Hackathon 2025. Read [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/06/30/call-for-projects-wikimania-hackathon-2025-is-coming-to-nairobi/ this Diff blog post] for more details. '''Meetings and events''' * [[m:WikiIndaba conference 2025|WikiIndaba 2025]] scholarship application and program submission is open until 23:59 GMT on July 20. WikiIndaba is a regional conference for African Wikimedians both on the continent and in the diaspora to unite and grow together. Submit [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdJTv68R1OPASXXDfpIl8EWiMLTM-TDwh6_5gNVvFuWccFZ2Q/viewform your scholarship application] and [https://ee.kobotoolbox.org/x/BI3omIfH program proposal] now! * [https://br.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiCon_Brasil_2025 WikiCon Brasil 2025] will take place on July 19-20 in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. The Brazilian community members are encouraged to register and attend! '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/29|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W29"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०१:५५, १५ जुलाई २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28980963 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-30</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W30"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/30|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The Translation Suggestions feature in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation|Content Translation tool]] now has another level of article filters added to the "[https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&filter-type=automatic&filter-id=previous-edits&active-list=suggestions&from=en&to=fi#/ ... More]" category. Translators who use the Suggestions feature can now select and receive article suggestions that are customized to geographical locations of their interest using the new "{{int:Cx-sx-suggestions-filters-tab-regions}}" filter. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T113257] * Administrators can now limit "Add a Link" to newcomers. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|"Add a Link"]] Structured Task [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Constructive activation experimentation#Enwiki A/B test & "Add a Link" Improvements (Wiki Experiences 1.2.11 & 1.2.16)|helps new account holders start editing]], but some communities have requested the ability to restrict it to its intended audience: newcomers. Administrators can configure this setting within the [[Special:CommunityConfiguration/GrowthSuggestedEdits|Community Configuration]] feature. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:29}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:29|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * For AbuseFilter editors on [[phab:T392144|some wikis]], it is now possible to filter edits based on the RevertRisk score of the edit being attempted. It is only populated if the action being evaluated is an edit. For more information, please see the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:ORES/AbuseFilter variables#What variables are available for use|ORES/AbuseFilter variables]] documentation. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Beta Cluster|Beta Cluster]] wikis have [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/YDABPV75LADRQCXMJAFWUP256N4EQ25B/|been moved]] from <code dir=ltr>beta.wmflabs.org</code> to <code dir=ltr>beta.wmcloud.org</code>. Users may need to update URLs in any tools, or in their password managers. Any related issues can be [[phab:T289318|reported in the task]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.11|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WikiCite 2025|WikiCite 2025]] will take place from 29–31 August, both online and in-person in Bern, Switzerland. The event's goals are to reconnect communities, institutions, and individuals working with open citations, bibliographic data, and the Wikidata/Wikibase ecosystem. Registration is open and the call for proposals will be announced soon. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikidata@lists.wikimedia.org/message/KQZUG3ETKLBWPBYSB2YAWZIRPWHS24TG/] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/30|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W30"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०५:२८, २२ जुलाई २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29005283 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-31</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W31"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/31|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Community Tech team will be focusing on wishes related to Watchlists and Recent Changes pages, over the next few months. They are looking for feedback. Please [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates#July 24, 2025: Watchlists and Recent Changes pages|read the latest update]], and if you have ideas, please [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist|submit a wish]] on the topic. '''Updates for editors''' * The Wikimedia Commons community has decided to block [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Upload dialog|cross-wiki uploads]] to Wikimedia Commons, for all users without autoconfirmed rights on that wiki, starting on August 16. This is because of [[:c:Commons:Cross-wiki media upload tool/History|widespread problems]] related to files that are uploaded by newcomers. Users who are affected by this will get an error message with a link to the less restrictive UploadWizard on Commons. Please help translating the [[:c:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki:Abusefilter-disallowed-cross-wiki-upload|message]] or give feedback on the message text. Please also update your local help pages to explain this restriction. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370598] * On wikis with temporary accounts enabled and Meta-Wiki, administrators may now set up a footer for the Special:Contributions pages of temporary accounts, similar to those which can be shown on IP and user-account pages. They may do it by creating the page named <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:Sp-contributions-footer-temp</code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398347] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.12|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2025:Wikimania|Wikimania 2025]] will run from August 6–9. The [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/schedule/ program is available] for you to plan which sessions you want to attend. Most sessions will be live-streamed, with exceptions for those that show the "no camera" icon. If you are joining online to watch live-streams and use the interactive features, please [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2025:Registration|register]] for a free virtual ticket. For example, you may be interested in technical sessions such as: ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/KFEFVG/ Temporary Accounts: Enhancing privacy for our unregistered editors] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/TVCVAB/ Building a Sustainable Future for Wikimedia Contributors] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/WTRQCJ/ A dozen visions for wikitext!] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/8YKKP9/ Coordinate Across Stakeholders with the Product and Technology Advisory Council] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Fall 2025|MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference, Fall 2025]] will be held 28–30 October 2025 in Hanover, Germany. This event is organized by and for the third-party MediaWiki community. You can propose sessions and register to attend. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/31|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W31"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०६:१२, २९ जुलाई २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29051727 --> == This Month in Education: July 2025 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language. <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 14 • Issue 7 • July 2025</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/July 2025|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/July 2025/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2025/Crafting Impactful Education Newsletters: Shared Insights from EduWiki 2025|Crafting Impactful Education Newsletters: Shared Insights from EduWiki 2025]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2025/Educational Outreach with Youth Centers in Albania|Educational Outreach with Youth Centers in Albania]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2025/Discussing educational resources at WikiCon Brasil 2025|Discussing educational resources at WikiCon Brasil 2025]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2025/Enhancing Mobile-Friendly Contribution in Wikimedia Education Programs|Enhancing Mobile-Friendly Contribution in Wikimedia Education Programs]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2025/The second semester of Leamos Wikipedia begins in Bolivia with challenges and learning|The second semester of Leamos Wikipedia begins in Bolivia with challenges and learning]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2025/When Travel Fails, Learning Continues: A Reflection from EduWiki 2025 |When Travel Fails, Learning Continues: A Reflection from EduWiki 2025]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2025/Wiki club in Kumanovo - the newest Wiki club of Wikimedia MKD|Wiki club in Kumanovo - the newest Wiki club of Wikimedia MKD]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2025/Jaroslav Mašek: How KISK FF MU students used AI to write Wikipedia|Jaroslav Mašek: How KISK FF MU students used AI to write Wikipedia]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2025/Various programmes up and rolling with Charles University Prague|Various programmes up and rolling with Charles University Prague]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] ०८:४६, १ अगस्ट २०२५ (नेपाली समय)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=29005310 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-32</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W32"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/32|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Editors can now enable the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Anti-abuse signals/User Info|User Info card]]. This feature adds an icon next to usernames on history pages and similar user-contribution log pages. When you tap or click on the icon, it displays data related to that user account such as the number of edits, reverted edits, blocks, and more. It's part of a broader project to make it easier for moderators to evaluate account trustworthiness. The feature can be enabled in [[testwiki:Special:GlobalPreferences#mw-prefsection-rendering|your global preferences]], and later this week it will be available in local preferences. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386439] * Everybody is invited to share comments on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaborative contributions|Collaborative Contributions]], a project recently launched by the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Connection Team|Connection team]]. The project aims to create a new way to display the impact of collaborative editing activities (such as edit-a-thons, backlog drives, and WikiProjects) on the wikis. Post your comments on the [[m:Talk:CampaignEvents/Collaborative contributions|project talk page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378035] * Administrators can now define the default block duration for temporary accounts. To do that, they need to create a page named <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:Ipb-default-expiry-temporary-account</code> and use a value defined in <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:Ipboptions</code>. This allows administrators to easily block temporary accounts for 90 days, which is functionally equivalent to an indefinite block. The advantage of this solution is that it does not clutter Special:BlockList. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block and unblock#Default block duration options|More documentation]] is available. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398626] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Gadgets can now include <code dir=ltr>.vue</code> files. This makes it easier to develop modern user interfaces using [[mw:Vue.js|Vue.js]], in particular using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|Codex]], the official design system of Wikimedia. [[wmdoc:codex/latest/icons/overview.html|Codex icons]] can be loaded through the gadget definition. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets#Pages|The documentation]] has examples. For user scripts that use Vue.js, an [[mw:API:CodexIcons|API module]] now exists to load Codex icons. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T340460][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T311099] * Module developers can now use a [[mw:Help:Extension:Translate/Message Bundles/Lua reference|Lua interface]] to simplify the preparation of Lua modules for translation on Meta-Wiki. This improvement makes it easier for translators to find and edit module strings without dealing with raw Lua code. It helps prevent mistakes that could break the module during translation. Module developers and translators are invited to [[commons:File:Translatable modules video demo July 2025.webm|watch the demo video]], read more about [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Translatable modules|translatable modules]] to understand how it works, refer to Meta-Wiki's [[m:Module:User Wikimedia project|Module:User Wikimedia project]] for example usage, and [[mw:Talk:Translatable modules|share their feedback]] on how well it addresses the challenges in their workflow. The interface still has some performance issues, so it should not be used in widely used modules yet. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T359918] * Developers of external tools that connect to Wikimedia pages must set a user-agent that complies with [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Wikimedia Foundation User-Agent Policy|the user-agent policy]]. This policy will start to be more strongly enforced in August because of external crawlers that are [[diffblog:2025/04/01/how-crawlers-impact-the-operations-of-the-wikimedia-projects/|overusing]] Wikimedia's resources. Tools that are hosted on Wikimedia's Toolforge or Cloud VPS will not be affected by this for now, but should still set a user-agent. [[phab:T400119|More technical details are available]], and related questions are welcome in that task. * Parsoid Read Views is going to be rolling out to some smaller Wikipedias over the next few weeks, following the successful transition of Wikivoyages and Wiktionaries to Parsoid Read Views. For more information, see the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification|Parsoid/Parser Unification]] project page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/profile/7694/] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.13|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2025:Wikimania|Wikimania 2025]] will run from August 6–9. The [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/schedule/ program is available] for you to plan which sessions you want to attend. Most sessions will be live-streamed, with exceptions for those that show the "no camera" icon. If you are joining online to watch live-streams and use the interactive features, please [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2025:Registration|register]] for a free virtual ticket. For example, you may be interested in technical sessions such as: ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/GEH9DH/ Wikimedia’s knowledge infrastructure in a changing internet: Establishing sustainable pathways for content reuse] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/7ELN9Q/ Wikifunctions is coming soon to a wiki near you!] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/ZMGVJV/ Shaping the Future of Wikipedia’s Reader Experience] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/KCKTFZ/ Making Wikipedia More Readable: What Comes Next] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/32|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W32"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०९:२६, ५ अगस्ट २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29083927 --> == विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०२५ मा सहभागी हुने सम्बन्धमा == {{fmbox | image = [[File:Wiki Women-Nepal 2015.png|90px|link=https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A6%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%AB]] | imageright= [[File:Wikipedia-logo-v2-ne.svg|80px|link=]] | style = | textstyle = | text = <center> [[नेपाली विकिपिडिया]]मा ०५ अगस्ट २०२५ देखि ३१ अगस्ट २०२५ सम्म नारी सम्मानमा समर्पित '''"महिला स्वास्थ तथा स्वच्छता सम्बन्धी जागरूकता"''' नाराको साथ [[विकिपिडिया:विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०२५|विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०२५]] सञ्चालन भइरहेको छ, सहभागी हुनका लागि सहभागीहरूले '''[[विकिपिडिया:विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०२५/सहभागीहरू|यहाँ]]''' आफ्नो नाम दर्ता गर्नको लागि अनुरोध गरिन्छ।<br> <span class="mw-ui-button mw-ui-progressive">[[विकिपिडिया:विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०२५|<span style="color:white">अझ थप जानकारी...</span>]]</span></br></center> }} <!-- Message sent by User:पर्वत सुबेदी@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Nabin_K._Sapkota/Mass_Message_Users_List&oldid=1299914 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-33</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W33"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/33|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The WikiEditor toolbar now includes [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:WikiEditor#Keyboard shortcuts|its keyboard shortcuts]] in the tooltips for its buttons. This will help to improve the discoverability of this feature. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400583] * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product and Technology Advisory Council]] published a set of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/August 2025 draft PTAC proposals for feedback|proposed experiments]] the Wikimedia Foundation can try to improve communication with community. Feedback on the proposals are welcomed until August 22 on [[m:Talk:Product and Technology Advisory Council/August 2025 draft PTAC proposals for feedback|this talk page]]. * The search bar on the Minerva skin (mobile) has been updated to use the same type-ahead search component that is used on the Vector 2022 skin. There are no changes in search functionality but there are minor visual changes. Specifically, the close-search button has been changed from an "X" to a back arrow. This helps to distinguish it from the other "X" button that is used to clear any text. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T393944] * Editors on some wikis will see a new toggle for "Group results by page" on watchlist, related changes, and recent changes pages. This is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Watchlist/Experiment|an A/B experiment]] that is planned to start on August 11, and will run for 3–6 weeks on the Bengali, Chinese, Czech, French, Greek, Portuguese, and Urdu Wikipedias. The experiment will examine how making this feature more discoverable might affect editors' ability to find the edits they are looking for. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T396789] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The multiwiki datasets of [[:wikt:en:Module:Unicode data|Unicode data]] have been moved to [[c:Category:Unicode Module Datasets|Category:Unicode Module Datasets]] on Wikimedia Commons, to follow the idea of "One common data source, multiple local wikis". Most wikis have been updated to use the Commons version. You can ask questions at [[c:Category talk:Unicode Module Datasets|the talkpage]]. [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Module_talk:Unicode_data#Data_from_commons] * Lua code can add warnings when something is wrong, by using the <code dir=ltr>mw.addWarning()</code> function. It is now possible to add more than one warning, instead of new warnings replacing old ones. If you maintain a Lua module that used warnings, you should check it still works as expected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398390] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.14|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/33|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W33"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०५:१५, १२ अगस्ट २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29106516 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-34</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W34"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/34|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Later this week, people who are logged-in and have the "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Feature summary|Discussion tools]]" [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Beta Feature]] enabled will gain the ability to "Thank" individual comments directly from talk pages, rather than needing to navigate to page history. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Feature summary#Comment actions|Learn more about this feature]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400849] * An A/B test comparing two versions of the desktop donate link launched on testwiki on 12 August and on English Wikipedia 14 August for 0.1% of logged out users on the desktop site. The experiment will run for three weeks, ending on 12 September. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395716] * An A/A test to measure the baseline for reader retention was launched 12 August using [[wikitech:Experimentation Lab|Experimentation Lab]]. This measures the percentage of users who revisit a wiki after their initial visit over a 14-day period. No visual changes are expected. The experiment will run through 31 August. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399227] * Five new wikis have been created: ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource/en}} in [[d:Q34057|Tagalog]] ([[s:tl:|<code>s:tl:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T388639] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource/en}} in [[d:Q36213|Madurese]] ([[s:mad:|<code>s:mad:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391747] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia/en}} in [[d:Q3450749|Rakhine]] ([[w:rki:|<code>w:rki:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T392490] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikibooks/en}} in [[d:Q13324|Minangkabau]] ([[b:min:|<code>b:min:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395452] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wiktionary/en}} in [[d:Q7598268|Standard Moroccan Amazigh]] ([[wikt:zgh:|<code>wikt:zgh:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399684] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:46}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:46|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.15|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/34|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W34"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०६:२४, १९ अगस्ट २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29127690 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-35</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W35"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/35|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Template authors can now use additional CSS properties, since the CSS sanitizer used by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateStyles|TemplateStyles]] was updated. For example: <code>width: fit-content</code>; <code>ruby-align</code>; relative units such as <code>lh</code>; and custom strings in <code>list-style-type</code>. These improvements are a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Wishes/Allow use of modern CSS in templates by updating the TemplateStyles CSS sanitizer|Community Wishlist wish]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T271958][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T277755][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T293633][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T295088][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326906][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T340057][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T360725][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T371809][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375344][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T394619] * On large wikis, the default time period to display edits from, within the Special:RecentChanges page, has been changed from 7 days to 1 day. This is part of a performance improvement project. This should have no user-facing impact due to the quantity of edits on these wikis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399455] * Administrators can now access the [[{{#special:BlockedExternalDomains}}]] page from the [[{{#special:CommunityConfiguration}}]] list page. This makes it easier to find. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T393240] * Wikimedia Commons videos were not shown in the Videos tab in Google Search. The problem was investigated and reported to Google who have now fixed the issue. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T396168][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Community_Wishlist/Wishes/Do_something_about_Google_%26_DuckDuckGo_search_not_indexing_media_files_and_categories_on_Commons] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wiktionary/en}} in [[d:Q33014|Betawi]] ([[wikt:bew:|<code>wikt:bew:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402130] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:39}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:39|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Two fields of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Recentchanges table|recentchanges database table]] are being removed. <code>rc_new</code> and <code>rc_type</code> are being removed in favor of <code>rc_source</code>. Queries to these older fields will start to fail starting this week and developers should use <code>rc_source</code> instead. These older fields were deprecated over 10 years ago and should not be in use. This is part of work to improve the performance and stability of queries to the recentchanges table. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400696] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.16|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/July|Language and Internationalization Newsletter]] is now available. This edition includes: support for new languages in MediaWiki and translatewiki; the start of the Language Onboarding and Development project to help support the growth of new and small wikis; updates on research projects; and more. '''Meetings and events''' * The next [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Community meetings#29 August 2025|Language Community Meeting]] is happening soon, August 29th at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1756479600 15:00 UTC]. This week's meeting will cover: the Avro keyboard developers from Wikimedia Bangladesh, who were recently awarded a national award for their contributions to this keyboard; and other topics. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/35|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W35"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०५:५८, २६ अगस्ट २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29175124 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-36</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W36"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/36|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Editing team wants to compile a list of templates, jargon terms, and policies used in edit summaries when a copyright violation is removed. This will help them identify the number of edits reverted due to copyright issues. We invite community members from the following Wikis to list these terms in [[Phab:T402601|T402601]], or to share their list with [[User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek_(WMF)]]: {{int:project-localized-name-arwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-dewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-enwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-eswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-frwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-idwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-itwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-jawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-plwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ptwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ukwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-viwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-zhwiki/en}}. This project is open until September 9th 2025. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] has been enabled for all Wikisources. The extension makes it easier to organize and participate in collaborative activities, like edit-a-thons and WikiProjects, on the wikis. The extension has three features: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaboration list|Collaboration List]], and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Connection Team/Invitation list|Invitation List]]. To request the extension for your wiki, visit the Deployment information page. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/CampaignEvents/Deployment_status#How_to_Request_the_CampaignEvents_Extension_for_your_wiki] * The lists in the footer of the editing interface, such as "Templates used on this page," will now be organized into columns when there is enough space. This enhancement minimizes scrolling when editing lengthy articles on Wikipedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401066] * On September 3rd, 2025 we will increase the sampling percentages of our [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Watchlist/Experiment#Scope of the experiment|group by toggle experiment]] of the <code>Special:RecentChanges</code>, <code>Special:Watchlist</code>, and <code>Special:RelatedChanges</code> pages on the Chinese, French, and Portuguese Wikipedias to 100 percent, allowing more editors to be part of this experiment. This adjustment is intended to ensure we have sufficient data to make informed decisions when evaluating the experiment results. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402958][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T396789] * Upon clicking an empty search bar, logged-out users will see suggestions of articles for further reading on English Wikipedia beginning the week of September 22. The feature will be available on both desktop and mobile. All non-English wikis received this change in June and July. The goal is to make it easier for users to find articles. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Content Discovery Experiments/Search Suggestions|Learn more]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:37}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:37|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.17|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * Wikifunctions now has a new capability called "lightweight enumeration types", an enumeration type is simply a fixed set of values that's in the type's definition. This capability makes it quick and easy to define such a type, and allows for the reuse of values that are already present in Wikidata. Here is [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-07-19|a newsletter]] to learn more. * The latest [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Newsletter updates#August 2025: Newsletter #1|Readers Newsletter]] is now available. This edition includes: the formation of two new teams — Reader Growth and Reader Experience; insights into declining pageviews and account creations; highlights from the Wikimania Nairobi panel on improving the reading experience; upcoming experiments to engage new and existing readers; and more. '''Meetings and events''' * Spotlight on some Wikimania 2025 Sessions: ** Identifying AI-generated text by searching for ISBNs whose checksums fail: Mathias Schindler of WMDE [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dw9o8Lsl974&t=15910s shared tools to help communities search for these]. ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/TCHZKH/ La durabilité du mouvement Wikimedia face aux défis actuels et futurs]: This session explored how Wikimedia can stay a trusted source of knowledge in the age of generative AI, information overload, and disinformation. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/36|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W36"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०२:३६, २ सेप्टेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29196010 --> == This Month in Education: August 2025 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language. <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 14 • Issue 8 • August 2025</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/August 2025|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/August 2025/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/Bootcamp Wikipedia in Classroom|Bootcamp Wikipedia in Classroom]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/Brazil launches campaign about Open Science on Wiki|Brazil launches campaign about Open Science on Wiki]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/Breaking Barriers: Yoruba Wikipedia Fan Club Offa's Historic Wins|Breaking Barriers: Yoruba Wikipedia Fan Club Offa's Historic Wins]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/Emerging Voices in Free Knowledge: The Journey of Wiki Club SATI|Emerging Voices in Free Knowledge: The Journey of Wiki Club SATI]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/From a Curious Student to a Wikimedia Leader|From a Curious Student to a Wikimedia Leader]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/From webinars to conferences: Wikimedia Ukraine’s approach to events for educators|From webinars to conferences: Wikimedia Ukraine’s approach to events for educators]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/Higher education with Wikipedia in Spain|Higher education with Wikipedia in Spain]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/Scientific Contribution from Serbia: Wikipedia in Education Research Published in a Prestigious Journal|Scientific Contribution from Serbia: Wikipedia in Education Research Published in a Prestigious Journal]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/Teachers with Wikipedia. What if we create a Spanish-speaking collaboration network|Teachers with Wikipedia. What if we create a Spanish-speaking collaboration network]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/The brains behind Wikipedia|The brains behind Wikipedia]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/Why EduWiki Should Be Considered by Policymakers|Why EduWiki Should Be Considered by Policymakers]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/Wikimedia Chile in Visviri: Free knowledge and education at Chile’s starting point|Wikimedia Chile in Visviri: Free knowledge and education at Chile’s starting point]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/Wikipedia as a tool presented at Media Education Summer School for Teachers|Wikipedia as a tool presented at Media Education Summer School for Teachers]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/Wikipedia vs AI at La Trobe University|Wikipedia vs AI at La Trobe University]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/St Aloysius University – Wikipedia training session for newcomers|St Aloysius University – Wikipedia training session for newcomers]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/Wiki Loves Academics, WUGN Kaduna|Wiki Loves Academics, WUGN Kaduna]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/In Just 3 Minutes: The Power of Wiki Education|In Just 3 Minutes: The Power of Wiki Education]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/Sensing Cebu: Fieldnotes of an Academic as a Wiki Volunteer|Sensing Cebu: Fieldnotes of an Academic as a Wiki Volunteer]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] २१:०१, २ सेप्टेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=29205629 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-37</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W37"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/37|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Editing team is working on a new check: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Paste check|Paste check]]. This check informs newcomers who paste text into Wikipedia that the content might not be accepted. This check is an effort to increase the likelihood that the new content people are adding to Wikipedia is aligned with the Movement's commitment to offering information under a free content license. This check will soon be tested at a few wikis. If your community is interested in this test, please [[phab:T403680|tell us in this task]], or [[mw:Talk:Edit check|contact the team]]. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Later this week, users of the "{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}" [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]] will be able to use a [[w:en:Lint (software)|linting tool]] to see errors or other potential problems in wikitext in real time. See the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Linting|help page for more information]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381577] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] When browsing a wiki (like <code dir=ltr>en.wikipedia.org</code>), the software responds in one of two ways: a desktop page, or a redirect to a mobile version on an "m" domain (like <code dir=ltr>en.m.wikipedia.org</code>). Over the next three weeks, MediaWiki will start displaying the mobile version to mobile devices directly on the standard domain, without this redirect. This change does not affect existing m-dot URLs, or the "Desktop view" opt-out. [[mw:Requests for comment/Mobile domain sunsetting/2025 Announcement|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T214998] * When an edit changes the categories of a page, the changes to the category membership counts are now happening asynchronously. This improves the speed of saving edits, especially when moving many pages to or from the same category, and reduces the risk of site outages, but it means that the counts can show outdated information for a few minutes. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T365303] * Edits on Wikidata to qualifiers (properties and values) and references (properties and values) in a Wikidata item statement will now not add entries to the RecentChanges or Watchlist pages on all other Wikis. This is a temporary change to improve performance while other solutions are created. Wikidata's own pages remain unchanged. [[m:Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects/Reduce change propagation noise#Phase 1: Turn off (temporarily) Qualifiers and References Wikidata edits to the Recent Changes tables|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401286][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400698] * Japanese-language wikis have had a major upgrade to the way that search works. The new search should generally give more accurate and more relevant search results. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T318269] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.18|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/37|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W37"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०७:००, ९ सेप्टेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29238161 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-38</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W38"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/38|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * References lists that are made using the <code dir=ltr><nowiki><references/></nowiki></code> [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Cite#references-tag|tag]] will now automatically display with columns in Vector 2022 when readers are using its 'standard' settings for text-size and page-width. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334941] * Starting in the week of October 6, on [[git:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/small.dblist|small wikis]] and [[git:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/medium.dblist|medium wikis]] that have the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] enabled, all autoconfirmed users will be able to use [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]] as an organizer. No changes will be made for [[git:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/large.dblist|large wikis]] unless requested in Phabricator. This change is being made to make it easier for more people to use Event Registration, especially on wikis that are less likely to have policies related to the Event Organizer right. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Proposal to grant autoconfirmed users on small and medium wikis the organizer access to the event registration tool|Learn more]]. * Users that search using regular expressions (regex) can now use additional features including: ** for the <code dir=ltr>intitle:</code> keyword: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#Metacharacters|metacharacters]] for start-of-line (<code dir=ltr>^</code>) and end-of-line (<code dir=ltr>$</code>) anchors [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T317599] ** for both <code dir=ltr>intitle:</code> and <code dir=ltr>insource:</code> keywords: shorthand [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#Character_Classes|character classes]] for digits (<code dir=ltr>\d</code>), whitespace (<code dir=ltr>\s</code>), and word characters (<code dir=ltr>\w</code>); and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#Escape codes|escape codes]] for line feed (<code dir=ltr>\r</code>), newline (<code dir=ltr>\n</code>), tab (<code dir=ltr>\t</code>), and unicode (e.g. <code dir=ltr>\uHHHH</code>). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T403212] * When you search for text that looks like an IP, the system will now show search results. It used to take you to the contributions for that IP instead of showing search results. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T306325] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|All wikis will be read-only]] for a few minutes on September 24. This is planned at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1758726000 15:00 UTC]. This is for the datacenter server switchover backup tests which happen twice a year. You can [[diffblog:2025/03/12/hear-that-the-wikis-go-silent-twice-a-year/|read more about the background and details of this process on the Diff blog]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:24}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:24|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed that affected users who used the page-tabs to switch from wikitext editing of a section into the visualeditor. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401043] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The MediaWiki Interfaces team is redesigning the Wikimedia REST API Sandbox with Codex. If you have feedback on improvements for the API documentation or what makes developer experiences smooth (or frustrating), you’re invited to [https://calendar.google.com/calendar/u/0/appointments/schedules/AcZssZ2aZzbXeQvjOF7gB1fJXiwAYemQjKf4sXNaRODPA7_obFyNBwkzNkoVCoTF-aeov89kIjXHbCQm join an upcoming discovery interview], or [[mw:MediaWiki Interfaces Team/Developer Feedback/Wikimedia Web APIs|leave feedback onwiki]]. [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/C4FBAOA57PH6G5ORVMAUF5TGYBLZDU5Q/|Learn more]]. * Edits to Wikidata aliases (an alternative name for an item or a property) will now be shown in RecentChanges and Watchlist entries on other wikis less often, reducing unnecessary notifications. This will reduce the overall quantity of 'noisy' entries. Wikidata's own pages remain unchanged. [[m:Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects/Reduce change propagation noise#Phase 1: More granular Alias tracking|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401288] * The new [https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode17.0.0/ Unicode 17.0] version has been released. The [[:c:Category:Unicode Module Datasets|datasets on Commons]] for the [[:d:Q39301585|Module:Unicode data]] have been updated. Wikipedias that do not use the Commons datasets should either update their own data or switch to the Commons datasets. * Users of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise|Wikimedia Enterprise]] Structured Contents endpoints can now access [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/parsed-wikipedia-tables/ Parsed Tables]. The new Parsed Tables feature extracts and represents Wikipedia tables in structured JSON. This improves machine accessibility as part of the [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/api/structured-contents/ Structured Contents initiative]. Structured Contents output is freely available through the [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/docs/on-demand/#article-structured-contents-beta On-demand API], or through Wikimedia Cloud Services. * A [https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/wikimedia-foundation/english-wikipedia-people-dataset dataset of English Wikipedia biographical information] from [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise|Wikimedia Enterprise]] has been published on Kaggle, for evaluation and research. This provides structured data from more than 1.5 million biographies, including birth and death dates, education, affiliations, careers, awards, and more (from a June 2024 snapshot). * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.19|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2026:Scholarships|Scholarship applications]] for Wikimania 2026 in Paris, France, are open until October 31. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/38|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W38"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> २२:५३, १५ सेप्टेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29263921 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-39</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W39"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/39|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1758726000 On September 24th at 15:00 UTC], all Wikimedia sites users will experience a brief read-only period due to a scheduled [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|datacenter server switchover]]. The Wikimedia Foundation's Site Reliability Engineering (SRE) team will redirect all traffic from one primary server to its backup. You can listen to the switchover using the [http://listen.hatnote.com/ "Listen to Wikipedia"] tool, where you will hear edits stop for a few minutes during the read-only phase, then resume. This twice-yearly datacenter server switchover ensures reliability by testing the backup datacenter, so that our sites can stay online even if the primary datacenter fails. You can [[diffblog:2025/03/12/hear-that-the-wikis-go-silent-twice-a-year/|read more about the process on the Diff blog]]. '''Updates for editors''' * Editors of [[f:Special:Mylanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-09-12#Next round of Wiktionaries to receive embedded Wikifunctions calls|60 more Wiktionaries]] will soon be able to call [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Introduction|functions from Wikifunctions]] and integrate them into their pages. A function takes one or more inputs and transforms them into a desired output, like adding numbers, converting miles to meters, calculating elapsed time, or declining a word into a case. They will join the other [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-08-29#Wikifunctions available on 65 Wiktionaries|65 Wiktionary language editions]], which already have access to embedded Wikifunctions calls. Later this year, plans are in place to expand to more Wiktionaries and the Incubator. * A new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#Technical metadata of another page|parser function]] has been added: <code><nowiki>{{#contentmodel}}</nowiki></code>. Template editors and admins can use it to get the localized or canonical name of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:ChangeContentModel|content model]] of a specific page. The function makes it easier to create and edit system messages, such as ''MediaWiki:editinginterface'', even when you switch types of pages, like wiki, JavaScript, CSS or JSON page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328254] * Adding or editing a <code>DISPLAYTITLE</code> for an article using VisualEditor will no longer be broken. Editors who use VisualEditor mode to modify the <code><nowiki>{{DISPLAYTITLE}}</nowiki></code> would no longer have the literal text "DISPLAYTITLE" or its localized variant added to their articles. A list of pages that may have been affected and might need cleanup is documented in [[phab:P83438|this ticket]]. * Beta users of the Wikipedia Android app can now try the redesigned [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/Activity Tab Experiment|Activity tab]], which replaces the Edits tab. The new tab offers personalized insights into reading, editing, and donation activity, while simplifying navigation and making app use more engaging. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:12}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:12|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.20|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * Wikifunctions users can now import many essential facts involving [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Z6011|geo-coordinates]], [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Z6010|quantities]] and [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Z6064|time]] values from Wikidata. This is made possible by the creation of Wikifunctions types for these values, which makes them available for use by functions in Wikifunctions. Learn more about how this works in [[c:File:ImportingWikidataDatatypesIntoWikifunctions.webm|this video]] and Wikifunctions' [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-08-01#News in Types I: Wikidata quantity|August 1 newsletter]] (for quantities) and [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-08-22#News in Types: Wikidata geo-coordinate|August 22 newsletter]] (for geo-coordinates). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/39|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W39"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०४:४१, २३ सेप्टेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29305556 --> ==[[:सुदन गुरुङ]] [[विकिपिडिया:शीघ्र मेट्नुपर्ने आधार|शीघ्र मेट्नुपर्ने]]मा मनोनित== [[File:Ambox warning pn.svg|48px|left|alt=|link=]] {{Quote box|quote=<p>यदि यो तपाईँले सृजना गर्नुभएको पहिलो लेख हो भने, तपाईँ [[विकिपिडिया:स्वशिक्षा|लेखन सहयोग स्वशिक्षा]] पढ्न सक्नुहुन्छ।</p><p>लेख सृजना गर्न मद्दत गर्ने [[विकिपिडिया:लेख विजार्ड|लेख सहायिका]] पनि तपाईँ प्रयोग गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ।</p>|width=20%|align=right}} यस [[:सुदन गुरुङ]]लाई विकिपिडिया देखि [[विकिपिडिया:पृष्ठ हटाउने नीति|चाँडैनै मेटिने]] भनेर एउटा चिनो राखिएको छ। यसले [[वि:शीमे#ले७|ले७]] मापदण्ड अन्तर्गत एक वास्तविक व्यक्ति वा मानिसहरूको समूहलाई जनाउदछ। विकिपिडियाको [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमानिकता|विश्वसनीयता]] ज्ञानकोशमा भएका सम्पूर्ण सामग्री प्रमाणित भएको हुनुपर्नेछ । तर [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमानिकता|विश्वसनीयता]] नभएका सम्पूर्ण सामग्रीलाई [[विकिपिडिया:शीघ्र मेट्नुपर्ने आधार|शीघ्र मेट्नुपर्ने मापदण्ड]]को आधारमा कुनै पनि समयमा मेटाउन सकिन्छ। थप जानकारिका लागि कृपया [[विकिपिडिया:उल्लेखनियता|विकिपिडिया उल्लेखनियता]] पढ्नुहोला। यदि तपाईँलाई लाग्छ पृष्ठलाई यस कारणले मेटाउनु हुँदैन, तपाईँ '''नामाङ्कन विरोध गर्न''' [[:सुदन गुरुङ|पृष्ठमा गएर]] आफ्नो विचार राख्नुहोला। यसले तपाईँलाई पृष्ठ किन मेटाउनु हुँदैन वर्णन गर्ने अवसर दिनेछ। यद्यपि, याद रहोस्, एक पटक पृष्ठ शीघ्र मेटाउन अङ्कित भएमा, यो तत्काल मेटाइनेछ। कृपया पृष्ठबाट शीघ्र मेटाउने चिनो आफैंले नहटाउनुहोला, तर विकिपिडियाको [[विकिपिडिया:नीति तथा दिशानिर्देशहरूको सूची|नीति तथा दिशानिर्देशहरू]] अनुरूप जानकारी थप्न नहिचकिचाउनुहोला। यदि पृष्ठ मेटिसकिएको, र भविष्यका सन्दर्भ वा सुधारको लागि तपाईँ मेटाइएको सामग्री पुनःप्राप्त गर्न चाहनुहुन्छ भने, कृपया {{Querylink|Special:Log|qs=type=delete&page=%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A8+%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%99|मेटाउने प्रशासकलाई सम्पर्क गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ}}। <!-- Template:Db-notability-notice --><!-- Template:Db-csd-notice-custom --> [[User:Saroj|Saroj]] ([[User talk:Saroj|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १२:५२, २३ सेप्टेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-40</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W40"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/40|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * A major software upgrade has been made to [[phab:|Phabricator]]. The update introduces performance improvements, a refreshed search interface, enhancements to Maniphest task search, updates to user profile pages and project workboards, new Herald automation features, as well as general text input, mobile experience improvements and more. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/phame/post/view/321/iterative_improvements_september_2025/] '''Updates for editors''' * The Community Tech team will release the new Community Wishlist extension on October 1, that will improve the way wishes will be submitted. The new extension will allow users to add tags to their wishes to better categorise them, and (in a future iteration) to filter them by status, tags and focus areas. It will also be possible to support individual wishes again, as requested by the community in many instances. The old system will be retired. There will be a brief period of downtime while the extension is deployed and wishes are migrated to the new system. You can read more about this [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates|in the latest update]] or you can consult the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CommunityRequests|current documentation on MediaWiki]]. * As announced [[diffblog:2025/09/02/better-detecting-bots-and-replacing-our-captcha/|on Diff blog]], the production trial of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Anti-abuse signals/hCaptcha|hCaptcha]] service for bot detection has begun. The trial is currently using hCaptcha to protect account creation on Chinese, Persian, Portuguese, Indonesian, Japanese, and Turkish Wikipedias, where it will replace our existing [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:ConfirmEdit#FancyCaptcha|CAPTCHA]] (FancyCaptcha). The goal with the trial is to better block bots while also improving usability and accessibility for users who encounter CAPTCHA challenges. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents]] extension has been [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status|deployed]] to Wikimedia Commons. The extension makes it easier to organize and participate in collaborative activities, like edit-a-thons and WikiProjects, on the wikis. On Commons, anyone who is a registered user can use it as an event participant. To use it as an organizer, someone needs to have the [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Event organizers|event organizer right]]. * [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]], a new feature to re-use references with different details has been released to German Wikipedia. You can [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#test|test the feature]] on testwiki or [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmcloud.org/wiki/Sub-referencing on betawiki] as well. Please share your thoughts on [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Templates used in sub-references|using templates in sub-references]] or [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Pilot wikis|volunteer to become a pilot wiki]]. * On wikis using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Mentorship|Mentorship]] system, communities can now opt experienced editors out of Mentorship through [[{{#special:CommunityConfiguration/Mentorship}}]]. Within this setting, communities may define thresholds, based on edit count and account age, to decide when an editor is considered experienced enough to no longer receive Mentorship. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T403563] * The Editing Team and the Machine Learning Team are working on a new check for newcomers: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Tone Check|Tone check]]. Using a prediction model, this check will encourage editors to improve the tone of their edits, using artificial intelligence. We invite volunteers to review the first version of the Tone language model for the following languages: Arabic, Czech, German, Hebrew, Indonesian, Dutch, Polish, Russian, Turkish, Chinese, Farsi, Italian, Norwegian, Romanian and Latvian. Users from these wikis interested in reviewing this model are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit_check/Tone_Check/Model_evaluation|invited to sign up at MediaWiki.org]]. The deadline to sign up is on October 3, which will be the start date of the test. * The rollout of [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Manage blocks|multiblocks]] had the side effect that non-active block logs may have been shown on {{#special:Contributions}} and on blocked users' user and user_talk pages. This issue will be fully resolved in a few days. As part of the fix, [{{fullurl:Special:Allmessages|prefix=sp-contributions-blocked-notice}} messages prefixed with <code>sp-contributions-blocked-notice</code>] will be removed and replaced with [{{fullurl:Special:Allmessages|prefix=blocked-notice-logextract}} those prefixed with <code>blocked-notice-logextract</code>] in a few weeks. Please help translate the new messages and update any local overrides if needed. * There was a bug with links added using visual editor if they included characters such as <code dir=ltr><nowiki>[ ] |</nowiki></code> after the fragment identifier (<code><nowiki>#</nowiki></code>). They were not encoded properly creating an incorrect link. This has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T404823] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikiquote/en}} in [[d:Q9237|Malay]] ([[q:ms:|<code>q:ms:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T404698] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Anti-abuse signals/User Info|User Info Card]] now displays currently active global lock/blocks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401128] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Later this week, editors using Lua modules will be able to use the <code>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#mw.title.newBatch|mw.title.newBatch]]</code> function to look up the existence of up to 25 pages at once, in a way that only increases the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Parser functions#Expensive parser functions|expensive function]] count once. * A new [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group|Unsupported Tools Working Group]] has been formed as part of ongoing efforts to collectively determine technical work priorities, similar to the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product & Technology Advisory Council]] (PTAC). The working group will help prioritize and review requests for support of unmaintained extensions, gadgets, bots, and tools. For the first cycle, the group will be prioritizing an unsupported Wikimedia Commons tool. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.21|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/40|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W40"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०२:३८, ३० सेप्टेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29355230 --> == This Month in Education: September 2025 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language. <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 14 • Issue 9 • September 2025</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/September 2025|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/September 2025/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2025/Brazil organizes seminar to discuss open science and scientific dissemination|Brazil organizes seminar to discuss open science and scientific dissemination]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2025/CBSUA Recognizes Wiki Training Completers, Awards Feminism & Folklore 2025 Winners|CBSUA Recognizes Wiki Training Completers, Awards Feminism & Folklore 2025 Winners]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2025/2nd International Conference on Wikimedia, Education, and Digital Cultures Mexico 2025|2nd International Conference on Wikimedia, Education, and Digital Cultures Mexico 2025]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2025/Accredited seminar for teachers in Veliko Gradište|Accredited seminar for teachers in Veliko Gradište]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2025/Breaking Barriers, Why open Knowledge matters|Breaking Barriers, Why open Knowledge matters]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2025/Cross-Continental Knowledge Exchange: Offa Youth Impact Initiative and St Aloysius University in 3D Education Outreach |Cross-Continental Knowledge Exchange: Offa Youth Impact Initiative and St Aloysius University in 3D Education Outreach]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2025/Igbo Language Audio Project in the Igbo Wiki Fan Club IMSU & Alvan|Igbo Language Audio Project in the Igbo Wiki Fan Club IMSU & Alvan]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2025/Let's Read Wikipedia reached teachers of the Weenhayek indigenous nation in Bolivia|Let's Read Wikipedia reached teachers of the Weenhayek indigenous nation in Bolivia]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2025/Monográfico sobre Wikipedia en el aula, Revista Docere|Monograph on Wikipedia in the classroom, Docere Magazine]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2025/The Third Training Course of the “Reading Wikipedia in the Classroom” Program in Jordan|The Third Training Course of the “Reading Wikipedia in the Classroom” Program in Jordan]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2025/The Ukrainian Educators’ Wikimedia Conference 2025|The Ukrainian Educators’ Wikimedia Conference 2025]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2025/Wikimedia MKD's edit-a-thon: Lakes|Wikimedia MKD's edit-a-thon: Lakes]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2025/Cultura libre en las aulas|Free culture in the classroom]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2025/Wikimedia Rwanda Wiki clubs|Wikimedia Rwanda Wiki clubs]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] २०:५५, २ अक्टोबर २०२५ (नेपाली समय)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=29344785 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-41</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W41"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/41|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#paste|Paste Check]] is a new Edit Check feature to help avoid and fight copyright violations. When editors paste text into an article, Paste Check prompts them to confirm the origin and licensing of the content. Starting Wednesday, 8 October, [[phab:T403680|22 wikis will test Paste Check]]. Paste Check will help new volunteers understand and follow the policies and guidelines necessary to make constructive contributions to Wikipedia projects. '''Updates for editors''' * Mobile devices will receive mobile articles directly on the standard domain (like <code>en.wikipedia.org</code>), instead of via a redirect to an "m" domain (like <code>en.m.wikipedia.org</code>). This change improves performance. This week it will be enabled on Wikipedias. The existing mobile URLs and the "Desktop view" opt-out remain available. [[mw:Requests for comment/Mobile domain sunsetting/2025 Announcement|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T214998] * New [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#creationdate and lasteditdate|date filters]], <code dir=ltr>creationdate:</code> and <code dir=ltr>lasteditdate:</code>, are now available in the wiki search engine. This allows users to filter search results by a page's first or last revision date. The filters support comparison operators (e.g. <code dir=ltr>>2024</code>) and relative dates (e.g. <code dir=ltr>today-1d</code>), making it easier to find recently updated content or pages within specific age ranges. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T403593] * [[f:|Wikifunctions]] now supports rich text in embedded calls across the 150 wikis where it's enabled. To showcase this, the team created a [[f:Z26333|Latin declination table]] that Wiktionary editors can use to automatically generate noun forms, producing clear, formatted results — see an [[f:Wikifunctions:Embedded function calls/Wiktionary tables demonstration|example output]]. If you need any help or have any feedback, please [[f:Wikifunctions:Project chat|contact the Wikifunctions Team]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T397402] * An edit link will now appear inside the categories box on article pages for logged in users, which will directly launch the VisualEditor category dialog. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T291691] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:34}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:34|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, there was a problem downloading pdf files last week and that has been resolved. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T405957] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The field <code dir=ltr>rev_sha1</code> in the revision database table is being removed in favor of <code dir=ltr>content_sha1</code> in the content database table. See [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/cloud@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/2D2M3SP4WHR6BXXKTZ2PBLZQYR3EGQVR/ the announcement] for more information. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web|Reader Experience team]] will roll out [[w:en:Light-on-dark color scheme|Dark Mode]] user interface on all Wikimedia sites on October 29, 2025. All anonymous users of Wikimedia sites will have the option to activate a color scheme that features light-colored text on a dark background. This is designed to provide a more comfortable reading experience, especially in low-light situations. Template authors and technical contributors are encouraged to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading/Updates/2024-04|learn how to make pages ready for Dark mode]] and address any compatibility issues found in templates in their wiki before the enablement. Please contact the Web team for questions or any support on [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading#|this talk page]] before the enablement. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395628] * Starting on Monday, October 6, API endpoints under the <code>rest.php</code> path will be rerouted through a new internal API Gateway. Individual wikis will be updated based on the standard release groups, with total traffic increased over time. This change is expected to be non-breaking and non-disruptive. If any issues are observed, please file a Phabricator ticket to the [[phab:tag/serviceops/|Service Ops team board]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400130] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.22|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/41|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W41"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> २३:०९, ६ अक्टोबर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29400897 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-42</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W42"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/42|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Last week, improvements to account security and two-factor authentication (2FA) features were enabled across all wikis. These changes include user interface improvements for [https://auth.wikimedia.org/metawiki/wiki/Special:AccountSecurity Special:AccountSecurity], the support of multiple 2FA methods via authenticator apps and portable security keys (previously users could only enable one method), and a new Recovery Codes module which facilitates fewer account lockouts due to lost two-factor apps and devices. As part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Account Security]] project, work is continuing through the rest of 2025 on further user experience improvements, and support for passkeys as an alternate second factor. '''Updates for editors''' * Another part of the Account security project is making 2FA generally available to all users. Along with editors with advanced privileges, such as administrators and bureaucrats, 40% of editors now have access to 2FA. You can check if you have access at [https://auth.wikimedia.org/metawiki/wiki/Special:AccountSecurity Special:AccountSecurity]. Instructions for activation are on the linked page. The plan is to continue increasing availability if it is determined that the user support capabilities are able to support global usage. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400579] * This week, users at wikis where talk page [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability|Usability Improvements]] are already available by default (everywhere ''except'' the 12 wikis listed in [[phab:T379264|T379264]]) will gain the ability to Thank a comment directly from the talk page it appears on. Before this change, Thanking could only be done by visiting the revision history of the talk page. You can [[diffblog:2025/10/13/revolutionizing-gratitude-a-new-era-of-thanking-comments/|learn more about this change]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366095] * Users who have not [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-personal-email|verified their email address]] will soon be receiving monthly Notification reminders to do so. This is because users who have verified their email can more easily recover their account. These reminders will not be sent if the user is inactive or removes the unverified email from their account. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Email_confirmation][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T58074] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a fix was made for an occasional error with saving translated paragraphs in the Content Translation tool, and the related error messages are now easier to see. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T376531] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The Unsupported Tools Working Group has chosen [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Video2commons|Video2Commons]] as the first tool for its pilot cycle. The group will explore ways to improve and sustain the tool over the coming months. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group|Learn more on Meta]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.23|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/42|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W42"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ००:४५, १४ अक्टोबर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29434481 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-43</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W43"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/43|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * To optimize how user data is stored in our databases, the saved preferences of users who haven't logged in for over five years and have fewer than 100 edits will be cleared. When those users return, default settings will apply. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406724] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, there was a broken link from the GlobalContributions interface message to the XTools GlobalContributions page which has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406415] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The work to reroute all traffic to API endpoints under the <code dir=ltr><nowiki>rest.php</nowiki></code> route through a common API gateway is now complete. If any issues are observed, please file a phabricator ticket to the [[phab:tag/serviceops/|Service Ops team board]]. * Edits to Wikidata references or qualifiers will now be shown in RecentChanges and Watchlist entries on other wikis less often, reducing unnecessary notifications. This will reduce the overall quantity of 'noisy' entries. Wikidata's own pages remain unchanged. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401290] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.24|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/43|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W43"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०१:२२, २१ अक्टोबर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29478670 --> == विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०२५ मा सहभागिता == [[File:Wikipedia Asian Month Logo.svg|right|200px]] नमस्ते {{BASEPAGENAME}} ज्यू!<br /> तपाईंलाई '''[[विकिपिडिया:विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०२५|विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०२५]]''' मा सहभागी हुन हार्दिक निमन्त्रणा गर्दछौं। नोभेम्बर महिनाभर सञ्चालन हुने अनलाइन सम्पादन–थन प्रतियोगिताको उद्देश्य नेपाली विकिपिडियामा नेपालबाहेकका एसियाली देशहरूको लेख संख्या र गुणस्तर बढाउनु हो। चार वा सोभन्दा बढी योग्य लेख सिर्जना गर्ने सहभागीहरूले विशेष '''डिजिटल बार्नस्टार''' पाउनुहुनेछ। सहभागी हुन [[विकिपिडिया:विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०२५/सहभागीहरू|यहाँ क्लिक गर्नुहोस्]]। आउनुहोस्, योगदान गरेर एसियाली विकिपिडिया समुदायबीच मित्रता र सहकार्य बढाऔं! --[[प्रयोगकर्ता:Saroj|Saroj]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:Saroj|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) २०:४८, २५ अक्टोबर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Saroj@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Saroj/SampleInvitation&oldid=29506389 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-44</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W44"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/44|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The Wikipedia iOS app has launched an A/B/C test of improvements made to the tabbed browsing feature for select regions and languages. The test, named “More dynamic tabs”, explores new tab experiences and includes “Did you know” and “Because you read” article recommendations. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Tabbed Browsing (Tabs)/New Tab Experience and Recommendations Experiment|read more on the project page]]. * Autoconfirmed users on [[git:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/small.dblist|small]] and [[git:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/medium.dblist|medium wikis]] with the CampaignEvents extension can now use [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]] without the Event Organizer right. This feature lets organizers enable registration, manage participants, and lets users register with one click instead of signing event pages. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue of flashing colors when holding or pressing the arrow keys under the dark mode settings in Vector 2022 has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402285] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The CampaignEvents extension will be deployed to all remaining wikis during the week of 17 November 2025. The extension currently includes three features: Event Registration, Collaboration List, and Invitation List. For this rollout, Invitation List will not be enabled on Wikifunctions and MediaWiki unless requested by those communities. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status|Visit the deployment page to learn more]]. * The SwaggerUI-based REST sandbox experience is now live on all wiki projects. The sandbox can be accessed through the [[{{#special:RestSandbox}}]] page. Please report any issues to the MediaWiki Interfaces team board, or join the discussion on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Interfaces Team/Feature Feedback/REST Sandbox|project launch]] page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/6931/] * Transform endpoints with a trailing slash path in the MediaWiki REST API are now marked as deprecated. They will remain functional during this time, but removal is expected by the end of January 2026. All API users currently calling them are encouraged to transition to the non-trailing slash versions. Both endpoint variations can be found and tested using the [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?api=mw-extra&title=Special%3ARestSandbox REST Sandbox]. See the [[mw:API/Deprecation|MediaWiki REST API Deprecation]] page for more detailed information about the API deprecation policies and procedures. * A dedicated [[mw:API:REST API/Changelog|changelog now exists for the MediaWiki REST API]]. The changelog provides an overview of these changes, making it easier for developers to keep track of improvements and iterations. Announcements will also continue to flow through the standard communication channels, including Tech News and email distribution lists, but can now be more easily referenced from a central location. If you have feedback about the style, structure, or content of this changelog, please [[mw:API talk:REST API/Changelog|join the discussion]]. * Administrators can delete the tracking category which was previously added by the JsonConfig extension, as it is no longer used. See the categories linked from [[d:Q130635582#sitelinks-wikipedia|Q130635582]]. It is OK if there are still pages listed in the category as that is just a caching issue, and they will be automatically cleared out the next time each page is edited. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378352] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.25|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/44|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W44"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०१:१७, २८ अक्टोबर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29513638 --> == This Month in Education: October 2025 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language. <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 14 • Issue 10 • October 2025</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/October 2025|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/October 2025/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2025/"WikiDonne Internship: Wikimedia Platforms for Open Education and Inclusive Culture!" winner at the Open Education Awards 2025|"WikiDonne Internship: Wikimedia Platforms for Open Education and Inclusive Culture!" winner at the Open Education Awards 2025]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2025/A Proud Chapter in My Wikimedia Journey 🇳🇬: From Editor to Organizer|A Proud Chapter in My Wikimedia Journey 🇳🇬: From Editor to Organizer]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2025/Debating open science and scientific dissemination in Brazil|Debating open science and scientific dissemination in Brazil]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2025/Enhancing Academic Articles on Wikipedia with the State University of Jakarta|Enhancing Academic Articles on Wikipedia with the State University of Jakarta]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2025/India’s Students and Educators Lead the Way in the Wiki Science Competition 2025|India’s Students and Educators Lead the Way in the Wiki Science Competition 2025]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2025/JDACA & Amman Arab University|JDACA & Amman Arab University]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2025/New starting page for Wikipedia users had been launched in September|New starting page for Wikipedia users had been launched in September]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2025/Teaching Evidence Synthesis Automation with the Wikipedia–Kaggle Dataset|Teaching Evidence Synthesis Automation with the Wikipedia–Kaggle Dataset]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2025/Wikimedia MKD’s Education Program activities for October|Wikimedia MKD’s Education Program activities for October]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2025/Wikimedia Serbia prepares eight annual Edu Wiki camp|Wikimedia Serbia prepares eight annual Edu Wiki camp]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2025/Wikivoyage editathon in Peshkopia, Albania|Wikivoyage editathon in Peshkopia, Albania]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] ११:५०, २ नोभेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=29511272 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-45</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W45"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/45|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Administrators will now find that [[{{#special:MergeHistory}}]] is now significantly more flexible about what it can merge. It can now merge sections taken from the middle of the history of the source (rather than only the start) and insert revisions anywhere in the history of the destination page (rather than only the start). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382958] * For users with "{{int:discussiontools-preference-autotopicsub}}" [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|enabled in their preferences]], starting a new topic or adding a reply to an existing topic will now subscribe them to replies to that topic. Previously, this would only happen if the DiscussionTools "{{int:Skin-action-addsection}}" or "{{int:Discussiontools-replybutton}}" widgets were used. When DiscussionTools was originally launched existing accounts were not opted in to automatic topic subscriptions, so this change should primarily affect newer accounts and users who have deliberately changed their preferences since that time. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T290778] * Scribunto modules can now be used to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#SVG library|generate SVG images]]. This can be used to build charts, graphics and other visualizations dynamically through Lua, reducing the need to compose them externally and upload them as files. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T405861] * Wikimedia sites now provide all anonymous users with the option to enable a dark mode color scheme, featuring light-colored text on a dark background. This enhancement aims to deliver a more enjoyable reading experience, especially in dimly lit environments. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395628] * Users with large watchlists have long faced timeouts when editing [[Special:EditWatchlist|Special:EditWatchlist]]. The page now loads entries in smaller sections instead of all at once due to a paging update, allowing everyone to edit their watchlists smoothly. As part of the database update, sorting by expiry has been removed because it was over 100× slower than sorting by title. A [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Community_Wishlist/W454 community wish] has been created to explore alternative ways to restore sort-by-expiry. If this feature is important to you, please support the wish! [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T41510] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the fixing of the persisting highlighting when using VisualEditor find and replace during a query. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T407318] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Since 2019 the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia URL Shortener|Wikimedia URL Shortener]] at https://w.wiki is available for all Wikimedia wikis to create short links to articles, permalinks, diffs, etc. It is available in the sidebar as "Get shortened URL". There are 30 wikis that also install an older "ShortUrl" extension. The old extension will soon be removed. This means <code>/s/</code> URLs will not be advertised under article titles via HTML <code dir=ltr>class="title-shortlink"</code>. The <code>/s/</code> URLs will keep working. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T107188] * On Thursday, October 30, the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Interfaces Team|MediaWiki Interfaces]] and [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Site Reliability Engineering|SRE Service Operations]] teams began rerouting Action API traffic through a common API gateway. Individual wikis will be updated based on the standard release groups, with total traffic increased over time. This change is expected to be non-breaking and non-disruptive. If any issues are observed, please file a Phabricator ticket to the [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/tag/serviceops/ Service Ops team] board. * MediaWiki Train deployments will pause for the final two weeks of 2025: 22 December and 29 December. Backport windows will also pause between Monday, 22 December 2025 and Thursday, 2 January 2026. A backport window is a scheduled time to add things like bug fixes and configuration changes. There are seven deployment trains remaining for 2025. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/SMWTEAES4SDLDUSK4HMWNBSKNCXZAWYN/] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.26|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * In 2025, the Wikimedia Foundation reported that AI systems and search engines increasingly use Wikipedia content without driving users to the site, contributing to an 8% drop in human pageviews compared to 2024. After detecting bots disguised as humans, Wikimedia updated its traffic data to reflect this shift. Read more about current user trends on Wikipedia in [[diffblog:2025/10/17/new-user-trends-on-wikipedia/|a Diff blog post]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/45|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W45"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०१:२०, ४ नोभेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29552512 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-46</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W46"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/46|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' [[File:Talk pages default look (April 2023).jpg|thumb|alt=Screenshot of the visual improvements made on talk pages|Example of a talk page with the new design, in French.]] * Starting November 12, users will see a change in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Feature summary#Usability improvements|appearance of talk pages]] on [[Phab:T379264|some Wikipedias]]. Almost [[phab:T392121|all wikis]] have received this design change; [[phab:T409297|English Wikipedia]] will get these changes later. You can read more [[diffblog:2024/05/02/making-talk-pages-better-for-everyone/|on ''Diff'']]. Users can opt out of these changes [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|in their user preferences]] in "{{int:discussiontools-preference-visualenhancements}}". [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379264] * MediaWiki can now display a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Protection indicators|page indicator]] automatically while a page is protected. This feature is disabled by default. It can be enabled by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Requesting wiki configuration changes|community request]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T12347] * Using the "{{int:showpreview}}" or "{{int:showdiff}}" buttons in the wikitext editor will now carry over certain URL parameters like '[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Parameters to index.php#useskin|useskin]]', '[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Parameters to index.php#uselang|uselang]]' and '[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Section#Editing sections|section]]'. This update also fixes an issue where, if the browser crashed while previewing an edit to a single section, saving this edit could overwrite the entire page with just that section’s content. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T62744][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T24029][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T155097] * Wikivoyage wikis can use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer#Markers and counters|colored map markers in the article text]]. The text of these markers will now be shown in contrasting black or white color, instead of always being white. Local workarounds for the problem can be removed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T369454] * The Activity tab in the Wikipedia Android app is now available for all users. The new tab offers personalized insights into reading, editing, and donation activity, while simplifying navigation and making app use more engaging. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/Android/Activity_Tab_Experiment] * The Reader Growth team is launching an experiment called "Image browsing" to test how to make it easier for readers to browse and discover images on Wikipedia articles. This experiment, a mobile-only A/B test, will go live on English Wikipedia in the week of November 17 and will run for four weeks, affecting 0.05% of users on English wiki. The test launched on November 3 on Arabic, Chinese, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese wikis, affecting up to 10% of users on those wikis. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Readers/Reader_Growth/WE3.1.3_Image_Browsing] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example the inability to lock accounts on mobile sites has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T256185] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[wikitech:Help talk:Toolforge/Toolforge standards committee#November 2025 committee nominations|Nominations are open on Wikitech]] for new [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Toolforge standards committee|Toolforge standards committee]] members. The committee oversees the Toolforge [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Right to fork policy|Right to fork policy]] and [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Abandoned tool policy|Abandoned tool policy]] among other duties. Nominations will remain open through 2025-11-28. * The [[w:JSON Web Token#Standard fields|JWT issuer field]] in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/For Developers#OAuth 2|OAuth 2 access tokens]] for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Unified login|SUL wikis]] has been changed to <code><nowiki>https://meta.wikimedia.org</nowiki></code>. Old access tokens will still work. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399199] * The [[w:JSON Web Token#Standard fields|JWT subject field]] in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/For Developers#OAuth 2|OAuth 2 access tokens]] will soon change from <code><user id></code> to <code dir=ltr style="white-space:nowrap">mw:<identity type>:<user id></code>, where <code><identity type></code> is typically <code dir=ltr>CentralAuth:</code><!-- not a typo --> (for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Unified login|SUL wikis]]) or <code dir=ltr style="white-space:nowrap">local:<wiki id></code> (for other wikis). This is to avoid conflicts between different user ID types, and to make OAuth 2 access tokens and the <code>sessionJwt</code> cookie more similar. Old access tokens will still work. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399199] * MediaWiki's block messages ([[MediaWiki:Blockedtext|blockedtext]], [[MediaWiki:Blockedtext-partial|blockedtext-partial]], [[MediaWiki:Autoblockedtext|autoblockedtext]], [[MediaWiki:Systemblockedtext|systemblockedtext]], [[MediaWiki:Blockedtext-tempuser|blockedtext-tempuser]], [[MediaWiki:Autoblockedtext-tempuser|autoblockedtext-tempuser]]) now support additional parameters indicating whether the user is blocked from editing their own user talk page <code><nowiki>$9</nowiki></code> or emailing other users <code><nowiki>$</nowiki><nowiki>10</nowiki></code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T285612] * A <code>REL1_45</code> branch for MediaWiki core and each of the extensions and skins in Wikimedia git has been created. This is the first step in the release process for MediaWiki 1.45.0, scheduled for late November 2025. If you are working on a critical bug fix or working on a new feature, you may need to take note of this change. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/ZUY7TY3Z6XPZWZVAZV63OPO5OW52Q6GE/] * The process for generating CirrusSearch dumps has been updated due to slowing performance. If you encounter any issues migrating to the replacement dumps, please contact the Search Platform Team for support. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366248][https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/3KQPOR6ACVN6OVLMLZPIBXQSWQKW4E3K/] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.2|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/46|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W46"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०२:२३, ११ नोभेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29606150 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-47</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W47"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/47|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Reader Experience team]] is experimenting with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4_Reading lists|reading lists on mobile web]], allowing logged-in readers with no edits to save private lists of articles for later. The experiment is running on Arabic, Chinese, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese Wikipedias since the week of 10 November, and will begin on English Wikipedia the week of 17 November. * Users who can’t receive their email verification code during login can now get help by submitting a form on a new special page. This update is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Account Security]] initiative. If your account has an email address, please make sure you still have access to it. When logging in from a new device or location without 2FA, you may be asked to enter a 6-digit code sent by email to finish logging in. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security#Why are you requiring me to enter a code from my email to log in? Can I opt out of this?|Learn more]]. * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource}} in [[d:Q13324|Minangkabau]] ([[s:min:|<code>s:min:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T408317] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * As part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification|Parser Unification]] project, the Content Transform Team rolled out Parsoid as the default parser to many low-traffic Wikipedias and is preparing the next step to high traffic ones. This message is an invitation for you to opt-in to Parsoid, as described in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration|Extension:ParserMigration]] documentation, and identify any issues you might encounter with your own workflow using bots, gadgets, or user scripts. Please, let us know through the ''"Report Visual Bug"'' link in the Tools sidebar or create a phab ticket and tag the [[phab:project/view/5846|Content Transform Team in Phabricator]]. * Unsupported Tools: Several issues with [[:c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Video2commons|Video2Commons]] have been fixed, including filename-related upload failures, black-video imports, and retry handling. AV1 support has also been added. Ongoing work focuses on backend stability, ffmpeg errors, subtitle imports, metadata handling, and playlist uploads. To track specific tasks, check the [[phab:tag/video2commons/|Phabricator board]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.3|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * Save the date for the next Wikimedia Hackathon happening in Milan, Italy from May 1–3, 2026. Registration will open in January 2026. [https://pretix.eu/wikimedia/Hackathon-2026/ Scholarship applications are currently open], and will close on November 28, 2025. If you have any questions, please email <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">hackathon@wikimedia.org</bdi>. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/47|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W47"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> २३:११, १७ नोभेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29627455 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-48</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W48"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/48|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Last week, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Search Platform|Wikimedia Search Team]] recreated the "DWIM" (Do What I Mean) gadget functionality server-side, for Russian and Hebrew Wikipedias. This feature adds cross-keyboard suggestions to the standard search-box suggestions. For example, searching for ''<span lang="und" dir="ltr">cxfcnmt</span>'' on Russian Wikipedia will now add suggestions for ''<span lang="ru" dir="ltr">счастье</span>'' ("happiness") that the user probably intended. They plan to enable this feature for other Russian and Hebrew wikis this week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T408734] * Later this week, users of the "{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}" [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]] will have syntax highlighting available in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]]. This requires that the "{{int:discussiontools-preference-sourcemodetoolbar}}" preference be set. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T407918] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|Campaign events extension]] – the set of tools for coordinating events and other on-wiki collaborations has now been deployed to all Wikimedia wikis. A new feature known as [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaborative contributions|Collaborative contribution]] to help organizers and participants see the impact of activities has also been added. Join the upcoming [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Connection learning session 3|learning session]] to see the new feature in action and share your feedback. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:24}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:24|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the bug which stopped CodeReviewBot from working, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T410417] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Users of Wikimedia API can join a usability study to help validate the new design of Wikimedia REST API sandboxes. Interested participants should fill the [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/487662 recruitment survey]. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/IREJRRWTZTGCYWQHDMSNJFTQAEPOOAE3/] * The MediaWiki Interfaces team is deprecating XSLT stylesheets within the Action API. Support for <code dir=ltr>format=xml'''&xlst={stylesheet}'''</code> will be removed from Wikimedia projects by the end of November, 2025. In addition, it will soon be disabled by default in MediaWiki release versions: v1.43 (LTS), v1.44, and v1.45. Support for XSLT stylesheets will be fully removed from MediaWiki v1.46 (expected to release between April and May 2026). [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/5AX7UWAVVUNUSBOIRHMNOKWOZ5EZI3JX/] * The WDQS legacy endpoint ([https://query-legacy-full.wikidata.org/ query-legacy-full.wikidata.org]) will be decommissioned at the end of December 2025, and finally closed down on 7th January 2026. After this date, users should expect requests to query.wikidata.org that require the full graph to fail or return invalid results if they are not rewritten to use SPARQL federation. The team encourages users to ensure that tools and workflows use the supported WDQS endpoints (<span dir=ltr><nowiki>https://query.wikidata.org/</nowiki></span> - Main graph or <span dir=ltr><nowiki>https://query-scholarly.wikidata.org/</nowiki></span> - Scholarly graph). For support with migrating use cases, please review the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Data_access|Data Access]] and [[d:Wikidata:Request_a_query|Request a Query]] pages for details and assistance on alternative access methods. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.4|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/48|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W48"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> २१:४२, २४ नोभेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29702226 --> == This Month in Education: November 2025 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language. <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 14 • Issue 11 • November 2025</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/November 2025|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/November 2025/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/Auckland Museum's Wiki Summer Student Programme is back for 2025 & 2026|Auckland Museum's Wiki Summer Student Programme is back for 2025 & 2026]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/Edu Wiki camp 2025 in Belgrade, Serbia|Edu Wiki camp 2025 in Belgrade, Serbia]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/Wikidata na Escola: estudantes da zona rural de Minas Gerais contribuem com dados sobre mulheres negras brasileiras|Wikidata na Escola: estudantes da zona rural de Minas Gerais contribuem com dados sobre mulheres negras brasileiras]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/190 students from Oteitza Lizeoa create 48 articles on the history of the Basque Country for Txikipedia in one day|190 students from Oteitza Lizeoa create 48 articles on the history of the Basque Country for Txikipedia in one day]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/2nd International Congress Wikimedia, Education, and Digital Cultures – WECUDI|2nd International Congress Wikimedia, Education, and Digital Cultures – WECUDI]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/Africa and Proud Leads Wiki Classroom Project Across Three Nigerian States|Africa and Proud Leads Wiki Classroom Project Across Three Nigerian States]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/November 2025November 2025/Annual Czech Wiki Conference took place on Saturday, Nov 8th|November 2025November 2025/Annual Czech Wiki Conference took place on Saturday, Nov 8th]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/EduWiki Meetup at GLAM Wiki Conference 2025|EduWiki Meetup at GLAM Wiki Conference 2025]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/Highly productive autumn education activities in Macedonia|Highly productive autumn education activities in Macedonia]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/Kannada Wikipedia Asian Month 2025: Edit-a-thon & Workshop Highlights from Loyola College, Karnataka|Kannada Wikipedia Asian Month 2025: Edit-a-thon & Workshop Highlights from Loyola College, Karnataka]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/Kosovo Wikivoyage Editathons in Gjakova and Krusha e Madhe|Kosovo Wikivoyage Editathons in Gjakova and Krusha e Madhe]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/Ukrainian educators create open lesson plans based on the «Reading Wikipedia in the Classroom» course|Ukrainian educators create open lesson plans based on the «Reading Wikipedia in the Classroom» course]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/United Architects of the Philippines Student Auxiliary – University of Nueva Caceres joins Wikisource Training|United Architects of the Philippines Student Auxiliary – University of Nueva Caceres joins Wikisource Training]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/Videos on Teaching Experiences with Wikipedia, Wikidata, Commons, and OSM|Videos on Teaching Experiences with Wikipedia, Wikidata, Commons, and OSM]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/Wiki as a tool for technological empowerment of indigenous knowledge|Wiki as a tool for technological empowerment of indigenous knowledge]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/Wiki Science Competition in Albania and Kosovo|Wiki Science Competition in Albania and Kosovo]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/Wiki Workshop 2026 Call for Contributions|Wiki Workshop 2026 Call for Contributions]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/Wikipedia Contribution with Faculty of Mathematical and Natural Sciences Students in Kosovo|Wikipedia Contribution with Faculty of Mathematical and Natural Sciences Students in Kosovo]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/Impact of Wikimedia Rwanda Wiki Clubs in Growth of Wikimedia User Group Rwanda Community|Impact of Wikimedia Rwanda Wiki Clubs in Growth of Wikimedia User Group Rwanda Community]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] १९:३१, ३० नोभेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=29716809 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-49</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W49"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/49|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The Wikipedia Year in Review 2025 will be available on December 2 for users of iOS and Android Wikipedia apps, featuring new personalized insights, updated reading highlights, and refreshed designs. Learn more on the review's [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Wikipedia Year in Review/Updates|project page]]. * The Growth team is working on improving the text and presentation of the Verification Email sent to new users to make them more welcoming, useful and informative. Some new text have been drafted for A/B testing and you can help by translating them. See [[phab:T396155|Phabricator]]. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]] will now be deployed at Japanese, Urdu and Chinese Wikipedias on December 2. Add a link is based on a prediction model that suggests links to be added to articles. While this feature has already been available on most Wikipedias, the prediction model could not support certain languages. A new model has now been developed to handle these languages, and it will be gradually rolled out to other Wikipedias over time. If you would like to know more, please contact [[mw:user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:34}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:34|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where search boxes on some Commons pages showed no results due to switch from SpecialSearch to MediaSearch, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399476] * Two new wikis have been created: ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q36846|Toki Pona]] ([[w:tok:|<code>w:tok:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T404457] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikiquote}} in [[d:Q33655|Nigerian Pidgin]] ([[q:pcm:|<code>q:pcm:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T408318] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.5|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The Wikimedia Foundation is in the early stages of exploring approaches to '''Article guidance'''. The initiative aims to identify interventions that could help new editors easily understand and apply existing Wikipedia practices and policies when creating an article. The project is in the exploration and early experimental design phase. All community members are encouraged to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|learn more]] about the project, and share their thoughts on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Article guidance|the talk page]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/49|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W49"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ००:४३, २ डिसेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29732328 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-50</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W50"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/50|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Anybody who wishes to secure their user account can now use [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two-factor authentication|two-factor authentication]] (2FA). This is available to all registered users of all Wikimedia projects. This is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Account Security]] initiative. Later, 2FA will be required for all users who can take security- or privacy-sensitive actions. '''Updates for editors''' * Following last week's deployments, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]] feature, which allows editors to add suggested links during editing, will be available to an additional [[Phab:T410469|33 Wikipedias]] starting on 9 December. This expansion is possible thanks to the new prediction model that now supports all languages, including those that were previously not covered. While the feature has been available on most Wikipedias for some time, this rollout brings us closer to using the improved model everywhere. If you have any questions or would like more details please contact [[mw:user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]]. * Last week, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Search Platform|Search Platform team]] added [[w:en:Transliteration|transliterated]] as-you-type search suggestions to Georgian wikis. If there are only a few regular search suggestions, then queries in Latin or Cyrillic script [[phab:T127003|are now rewritten into Georgian script]] to look for more matches. For example, searching for either <bdi lang="ka-Latn" dir="ltr">''bedniereba''</bdi> or <bdi lang="ka-Cyrl" dir="ltr">''бедниереба''</bdi> will now suggest the existing article about <bdi lang="ka" dir="ltr">ბედნიერება</bdi> ("happiness"). You can recommend other languages where transliterated suggestions would be useful [[phab:T375215|on Phabricator]] for future development. * Later this week, a controlled experiment will begin for editors on the 100 largest Wikipedias who are editing a section in the mobile web visual editor. 50% of these editors will notice a new "Edit full page" button that will enable them to expand their editing session to the whole page. This feature is intended to make it easier for people on mobile web to edit any article section, regardless of which section-edit icon they tapped to begin. The experiment will last ~4 weeks. You can find [[phab:T409112|more details]] about the project. * Later this week, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth|Reader Growth team]] will launch a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/WE3.1.14 Expanded Mobile Sections|mobile web experiment]] to expand all article sections by default (currently they are collapsed by default) and pin the section header the user is currently reading to the top of the page. The experiment will affect 10% of users on Arabic, Chinese, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese Wikipedias. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409485] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Wikipedia Year in Review/2025 Year in Review|Wikipedia Year in Review 2025]], a feature in the Wikipedia mobile apps (iOS and Android) that provides users with a personalised summary of their engagement with Wikipedia over the year, is now available on the iOS and Android apps. This edition includes expanded personalised insights, improved reading highlights, new donor messaging, and updated designs. Open the app to view your Year in Review and explore your reading journey from 2025. * A recent software bug caused edits made with VisualEditor to make unintended changes to wikitext, including removing whitespace and replacing spaces with underscores in wikilinks inside citations. This was partially fixed last week, and further fixes are in progress. Editors who used VisualEditor between November 28 and December 2 should review their edits for unexpected modifications. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411238] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the incorrect handling of URLs copied from the address bar of Microsoft Edge users, has been resolved. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341281] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Starting this week, users of the "{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}" [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]] will have [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] as the editor for Lua, JavaScript, CSS, JSON and Vue content models, instead of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]]. With this, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Linting|linters]] will be upgraded. This is part of a larger effort to eventually replace CodeEditor and provide a consistent code editing experience. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373711] * Developers are encouraged to take the [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/552643 2025 Developer Satisfaction Survey], which remains open until 5 January 2026. If you build software for the Wikimedia ecosystem and would like to share your experiences or feedback, your participation is greatly appreciated. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/W4WBKO6Q55UWWCCSFWQATKEXBEHP3QNR/] * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/50|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W50"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> २३:३१, ८ डिसेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29738112 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-51</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W51"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/51|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:18}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:18|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, one of the fixes addressed an issue for temporary accounts adding an external URL, which triggered an hCaptcha request in more cases than intended, and did not display the required popup on the first attempt to publish the edit. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411927] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * To improve database and site performance, external links to Wikimedia projects will no longer be stored in the database. This means they will not be searchable in [[{{#special:LinkSearch}}]], will not be checked by the Spam Blacklist or AbuseFilter as new links, and will not be in the <code dir=ltr>externallinks</code> table on database replicas. In the future this may be extended to other highly-linked trusted websites on a per-wiki basis, such as Creative Commons links on Wikimedia Commons. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T405005] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.7|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/51|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W51"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ००:४८, १६ डिसेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29796010 --> == This Month in Education: December 2025 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 14 • Issue 12 • December 2025</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/December 2025|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/December 2025/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/December 2025/WikiLatih Wiktionary with the Goethe-Institut: Strengthening the Digital Presence of Indonesia’s Local Languages|WikiLatih Wiktionary with the Goethe-Institut: Strengthening the Digital Presence of Indonesia’s Local Languages]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/December 2025/Wiki in schools - Architecture and Open Heritage|Wiki in schools - Architecture and Open Heritage]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/December 2025/What are the challenges and opportunities in scientific dissemination? Reflecting on the topic in the Brazilian context|What are the challenges and opportunities in scientific dissemination? Reflecting on the topic in the Brazilian context]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/December 2025/WikipediaxAI: Wikipedia, AI, and the future of knowledge|WikipediaxAI: Wikipedia, AI, and the future of knowledge]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/December 2025/Wikipedia at University Another year of working alongside higher education institutions in Argentina|Wikipedia at University Another year of working alongside higher education institutions in Argentina]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/December 2025/WAM - Tulu Edit-a-thon & Workshop in St Aloysius University |WAM - Tulu Edit-a-thon & Workshop in St Aloysius University]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/December 2025/Visibilizando memórias negras: estudantes da UFRGS ampliam a Wikipédia com foco na imprensa e no associativismo pós-abolição|Visibilizando memórias negras: estudantes da UFRGS ampliam a Wikipédia com foco na imprensa e no associativismo pós-abolição]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/December 2025/Transforming Education Through Wikimedia in Kosovo: 2025|Transforming Education Through Wikimedia in Kosovo: 2025]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/December 2025/New WikiClubs and educational partnership in Albania|New WikiClubs and educational partnership in Albania]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/December 2025/New WikiClub with the Dibra Youth Center in Albania|New WikiClub with the Dibra Youth Center in Albania]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/December 2025/Landmark Educational Initiatives and Wikimedia Programs Transform Learning in 2025|Landmark Educational Initiatives and Wikimedia Programs Transform Learning in 2025]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/December 2025/Knowledge in the Digital Age: A WMUK Collaborative Workshop|Knowledge in the Digital Age: A WMUK Collaborative Workshop]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] २०:०७, १७ डिसेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=29814101 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-52</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W52"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/52|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * From January, edit filters [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter/Access flags|can be set]] to automatically suppress their details such as rules and list of attempted edits and actions. This will help oversighters use edit filters to prevent doxxing or other suppressible material. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T290324] * The next issue of Tech News will be sent out on 12 January 2026 because of the end of year holidays. Thank you to all of the translators, and people who submitted content or feedback, this year. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:16}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:16|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the crash that occurred when tapping "First Steps" in the Wikipedia Android Year in Review has now been fixed, and the feature opens as expected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411546] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Interface elements such as diffs and categories generated by MediaWiki used to have the attribute <code dir=ltr>data-mw="interface"</code> to distinguish from wiki content. The attribute has been replaced with <code dir=ltr>data-mw-interface=""</code>, to avoid potential conflicts with other <code dir=ltr>data-mw</code> attributes, which are generated by Parsoid. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409187] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] There is no new MediaWiki version this week or next week. '''Meetings and events''' * The [[mw:Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026|Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026]] will take place on 13-14 March 2026 in Arnhem, the Netherlands. Applications just opened mid-December and will close in mid-January or earlier if capacity is reached. With space for approximately 100 participants, early application is encouraged. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/52|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W52"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०३:३०, २३ डिसेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29831856 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-03</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W03"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/03|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Wikimedia Foundation has shared some guiding questions for the July 2026–June 2027 Annual Plan on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027/Product & Technology OKRs|Meta]] and ''[[diffblog:2025/12/10/shaping-wikimedia-foundations-2026-2027-annual-goals-key-questions-for-the-wikimedia-movement/|Diff]]''. These focus on global trends, faster and healthier experimentation, better support for newcomers, strengthening editors and advanced users, improving collaboration across projects, and growing and retaining readership. Feedback and ideas are welcome on the [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027|talk page]]. '''Updates for editors''' * As part of the current work of Community Tech team on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/W372|Multiple watchlists]] project, the display of [[Special:EditWatchlist|EditWatchlist]] will be updated as a first step towards multiple watchlists. Additionally, the pagination on [[Special:Search|Search]] will be updated too, as a part of the work on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/W186|Revamp pagination / page navigation]] wish. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411596] * [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|The Global Watchlist]] is a MediaWiki [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] that lets you see your watchlists from different wikis on the same page. It was recently updated to look more like the regular [[Special:Watchlist|Watchlist]], such as preparing it for temporary accounts in IP masking (including rerouting user links to contributions pages), making page titles bold, and opening links in edit summaries and tags in new browser tabs. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398361][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T298919][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T273526][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T286309] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:28}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:28|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where global blocks did not have the option to disable sending emails, has now been fixed, and will be available for use in the week of January 13. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401293] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Citation tool|VisualEditor citation tool]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Reference Previews|Reference Previews]] now support "map" as a reference type. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411083] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.10|MediaWiki]]/[[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.11|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/03|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W03"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०१:१९, १३ जनवरी २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29907192 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-04</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W04"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/04|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The tray shown on [[Special:Diff|Special:Diff]] in mobile view has been redesigned. It is now collapsed by default, and incorporates a link to undo the edit being viewed, making it easier for mobile editors and reviewers to take action while keeping the interface uncluttered. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402297] * [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|The Global Watchlist]] lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on one page. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] continues to improve — it now automatically determines the text direction (ensuring correct display of sites with unusual domain names) and shows detailed descriptions for log actions. Later this week, a new permanent link for page creations and CSS classes for each entry element will be added. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T412505][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T287929][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T262768][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414135] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the previously observed issue in Vector 2022, where anchor link targets were obscured by the sticky header, has now been addressed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406114] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * As mentioned in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/44|October 2025 deprecation announcement]], MediaWiki Interfaces team will begin sunsetting all transform endpoints containing a trailing slash from the MediaWiki REST API the week of January 26. Changes are expected to roll out to all wikis on or before January 30th. All API users currently calling them are encouraged to transition to the non-trailing slash versions. Both endpoint variations can be found, compared, and tested using the [https://test.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RestSandbox REST Sandbox]. If you have questions or encounter any problems, please file a ticket in Phabricator to the [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/view/6931/ #MW-Interfaces-Team board]. * Interactive reference documentation for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia REST API|Wikimedia REST API]] has moved. Requests to API docs previously hosted through [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/RESTBase|RESTBase]] (e.g.: <code dir=ltr>https://en.wikipedia.org/api/rest_v1/</code>) are now redirected to the [[w:en:Special:RestSandbox|REST Sandbox]]. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata Platform|WMF Wikidata Platform team]] (WDP) has published its [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Wikidata Platform team/Newsletter|January 2026 newsletter]]. It includes updates on the legacy full-graph endpoint decommissioning, the User-Agent policy change, the monthly Blazegraph migration office hours, and efforts to reduce regressions caused by the legacy endpoint shutdown. As a reminder, you can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/WDP team updates|subscribe to the WDP newsletter]]! * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.12|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * The [[mw:Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026|Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026]] will take place on 13-14 March 2026 in Arnhem, the Netherlands. Applications opened mid-December and will close soon or when capacity is reached. It's a two-day, technically oriented hackathon bringing together Wikimedians from the region. Hope to see you there! '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/04|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W04"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०२:१५, २० जनवरी २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29943403 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-05</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W05"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/05|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Wikimedia Foundation invites comments on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Year1 Reflections and Proposed Way Forward 2026 Update|proposed future]] of the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product and Technology Advisory Council]] until 28 February. * All users with registered accounts can now use passkeys for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two-factor authentication|two-factor authentication]] (2FA). Passkeys are a simple way to log in without using a second device. They verify the user's identity using a fingerprint, face scan, or a PIN code. To set up a passkey, first set up a regular 2FA method. Currently, to log in with a passkey, users must also use a password. Later this quarter, passwordless login will allow users to log in with a single click and a passkey. Users with advanced rights will also be required to have 2FA enabled. This is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Account Security]] project. * Unregistered contributors on blocked IPs or blocked IP ranges can now interact on-wiki to appeal a block by creating a temporary account to appeal a block on the user talk page, unless the "prevent this user from editing their own talk page" is enabled. This solves the problem of logged-out users unable to use the default unblock process via user talk page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398673] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the Two-Factor Authentication (2FA) methods description on the management page has been updated. It is now clearer and easier for users to understand and make use of. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T332385] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * A new AbuseFilter variable, <code>account_type</code>, has been added to provide a reliable way to determine the account type being created in the <code>createaccount</code> and <code>autocreateaccount</code> actions. As part of this change, the variable <code>accountname</code> has been renamed to <code>account_name</code>, and <code>accountname</code> is now deprecated. Edit filter managers should update any filters that use hardcoded account type checks or the deprecated variable. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414049] * Image thumbnails that are requested in non-standard sizes, and using non-standard methods such as direct requests to <code dir=ltr><nowiki>upload.wikimedia.org/…</nowiki></code> will stop working in the near future. This change is to prevent ongoing external abuse by web-scrapers and bots. Some users with custom CSS/JS, Interface Admins who can fix gadgets and local skins, and Tool-authors, will need to update their code to use standard thumbnail sizes. [[phab:T414805|Details, search-links, and examples of how to fix them, are available in the task]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.13|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/05|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W05"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०३:०३, २७ जनवरी २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29969530 --> == This Month in Education: January 2026 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language. <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 15 • Issue 1 • January 2026</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/January 2026|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/January 2026/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/Strengthening Wikimedia Education and Digital Literacy in 2026|Strengthening Wikimedia Education and Digital Literacy in 2026]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/Dzongkha Wikipedia Education Program in Bhutan|Dzongkha Wikipedia Education Program in Bhutan]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/Wikipedia Education Program - Train The Trainer in Nepal|Wikipedia Education Program – Train The Trainer in Nepal]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/Wikipedia 25 celebration in the Igbo Wiki Fan Club Alvan and IMSU|Wikipedia 25 celebration in the Igbo Wiki Fan Club Alvan and IMSU]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/CBSUA boosts Open Knowledge and Local Culture through expanded Wiki Education Program|CBSUA boosts Open Knowledge and Local Culture through expanded Wiki Education Program]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/WikiChallenge African Schools: Young voices, real impact, and continued (reasonable) growth|WikiChallenge African Schools: Young voices, real impact, and continued (reasonable) growth]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/Updates on Auckland Museum Summer Student Programme|Updates on Auckland Museum Summer Student Programme]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/Stronger and bolder Wikiforhumanrights 2025 in Anambra Network|Stronger and bolder Wikiforhumanrights 2025 in Anambra Network]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/Official Opening of IFAK Secondary School Wiki Club: Engaging Youth in Learning Through Open Knowledge|Official Opening of IFAK Secondary School Wiki Club: Engaging Youth in Learning Through Open Knowledge]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/Greetings from the Jeronim de Rada WikiClub in Elbasan, Albania, for Christmas 2025|Greetings from the Jeronim de Rada WikiClub in Elbasan, Albania, for Christmas 2025]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/Great and productive final activities of 2025 Wikimedia MKD education programme|Great and productive final activities of 2025 Wikimedia MKD education programme]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/Envisioning an Open Future together - WikiForAll|Envisioning an Open Future together – WikiForAll]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/A look back: reviewing the main education activities in Brazil in 2025|A look back: reviewing the main education activities in Brazil in 2025]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/A 147-Year-Old Institution Celebrates 25 Years of Wikipedia: St Aloysius University and the Spirit of Open Knowledge|A 147-Year-Old Institution Celebrates 25 Years of Wikipedia: St Aloysius University and the Spirit of Open Knowledge]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/¡Celebrando 25 años de conocimiento libre! El Proyecto "25x25" llega a las aulas de Córdoba, Argentina|Celebrating 25 years of free knowledge! The '25x25' Project reaches the classrooms of Córdoba, Argentina]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/A atuação em rede da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora para a difusão do conhecimento livre na Wikipédia|The collaborative efforts of the Federal University of Juiz de Fora for the dissemination of free knowledge on Wikipedia]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] ००:११, २९ जनवरी २०२६ (नेपाली समय)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=29951116 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-06</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W06"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/06|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The "{{int:pageinfo-toolboxlink}}" feature, which gives validating information about a page ([{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|action=info}} example]), now automatically includes a table of contents. If there is a local [[{{ns:8}}:Pageinfo-header]] page created by individual users, it can now be removed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T363726] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, VisualEditor previously added bold or italic formatting inside link descriptions, making the wikicode complex. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409669] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * There was no XML dump on 20 January. Additionally, from now on, dumps will be generated once per month only. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414389] * The MediaWiki Interfaces team removed support for all transform endpoints containing a trailing slash from the [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/API:REST%20API MediaWiki REST API]. All API users currently calling those endpoints are encouraged to transition to the non-trailing slash versions. If you have questions or encounter any problems, please file a ticket in phabricator to the [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/view/6931/ #MW-Interfaces-Team board]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.14|MediaWiki]] '''Weekly highlight''' * Users are reminded that the Wikimedia Foundation has shared some guiding questions for the July 2026–June 2027 Annual Plan on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027/Product & Technology OKRs|Meta]] and ''[[diffblog:2025/12/10/shaping-wikimedia-foundations-2026-2027-annual-goals-key-questions-for-the-wikimedia-movement/|Diff]]''. These focus on global trends, faster and healthier experimentation, better support for newcomers, strengthening editors and advanced users, improving collaboration across projects, and growing and retaining readership. Feedback and ideas are welcome on the [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027|talk page]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/06|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W06"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> २३:२९, २ फेब्रुअरी २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30000986 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-07</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W07"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/07|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] Logged-in contributors who manage large or complex watchlists can now organise and filter watched pages in ways that improve their workflows with the new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist labels|Watchlist labels]] feature. By adding custom labels (for example: pages you created, pages being monitored for vandalism, or discussion pages) users can more quickly identify what needs attention, reduce cognitive load, and respond more efficiently. This improves watchlist usability, especially for highly active editors. * A new feature available on [[Special:Contributions|Special:Contributions]] shows [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] that are likely operated by the same person, and so makes patrolling less time-consuming. Upon checking contributions of a temporary account, users with access to temporary account IP addresses can now see a view of contributions from the related temporary accounts. The feature looks up all the IPs associated with a given temporary account within the data retention period and shows all the contributions of all temporary accounts that have used these IPs. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts#February 2026: Improvements to the patroller tooling|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415674] * When editors preview a wikitext edit, the reminder box that they are only seeing a preview (which is shown at the top), now has a grey/neutral background instead of a yellow/warning background. This makes it easier to distinguish preview notes from actual warnings (for example, edit conflicts or problematic redirect targets), which will now be shown in separate warning or error boxes. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414742] * The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]] lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on one page. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] continues to improve — it now properly supports more than one Wikibase site, for example both [[d:|Wikidata]] and [[testwikidata:|testwikidata]]. In addition, issues regarding text direction have been fixed for users who prefer Wikidata or other Wikibase sites in right-to-left (RTL) languages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415440][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415458] * The automatic "magic links" for ISBN, RFC, and PMID numbers have been [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic links|deprecated in wikitext since 2021]] due to inflexibility and difficulties with localization. Several wikis have successfully replaced RFC and PMID magic links with equivalent external links, but a template was often required to replace the functionality of the ISBN magic link. There is now a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#isbn|built-in parser function]] <code dir=ltr><nowiki>{{#isbn}}</nowiki></code> available to replace the basic functionality of the ISBN magic link. This makes it easier for wikis who wish to migrate off of the deprecated magic link functionality to do so. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T145604] * Two new wikis have been created: ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q35401|Jju]] ([[w:kaj:|<code>w:kaj:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413283] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q1186896|Nawat]] ([[w:ppl:|<code>w:ppl:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413273] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * A new global user group has been created: [[{{int:grouppage-local-bot}}|{{int:group-local-bot}}]]. It will be used internally by the software to allow community bots to bypass rate limits that are applied to abusive [[w:en:Web scraping|web scrapers]]. Accounts that are approved as bots on at least one Wikimedia wiki will be automatically added to this group. It will not change what user permissions the bot has. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415588] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.15|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Spring 2026|MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference, Spring 2026]] will be held March 25–27 in Salt Lake City, USA. This event is organized by and for the third-party MediaWiki community. You can propose sessions and register to attend. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/AZBWVI46SDEB65PGR5J6E4TYOQQEZXM7/] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/07|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W07"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०५:१६, १० फेब्रुअरी २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30026671 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-08</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W08"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/08|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Site Reliability Engineering|SRE Team]] will be performing a cleanup of Wikimedia's [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Etherpad|Etherpad]] instance, the web-based editor for real-time collaborative document editing. All pads will be permanently deleted after 30 April, 2026 – if there are still migration projects in progress at that point the team can revisit the date on a case by case basis. Please create local backups of any content you wish to keep, as deleted data cannot be recovered. This cleanup helps reduce database size and minimize infrastructure footprint. Etherpad will continue to support real-time collaboration, but long-term storage should not be expected. Additional cleanups may occur in the future without prior notice. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415237] '''Updates for editors''' * The Information Retrieval team will be launching an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Information Retrieval/Phase 1|Android mobile app experiment]] that tests hybrid search capabilities which can handle both semantic and keyword queries. The improvement of on-platform search will enable readers to find what they’re looking for directly on Wikipedia more easily. The experiment will first be launched on Greek Wikipedia in late February, followed by English, French, and Portuguese in March. [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/01/08/semantic-search-making-it-easier-to-find-the-information-readers-want/ Read more] on Diff blog. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Readers/Information_Retrieval] * The Reader Growth team will run [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/WE3.10.2 Mobile Table of Contents|an experiment]] for mobile web users, that adds a table of contents and automatically expands all article sections, to learn more about navigation issues they face. The test will be available on Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese Wikipedias. * Previously, site notices ([[{{ns:8}}:Sitenotice]] and [[{{ns:8}}:Anonnotice]]) would only render on the desktop site. Now, they will render on all platforms. Users on mobile web will now see these notices and be informed. Site administrators should be prepared to test and fix notices on mobile devices to avoid interference with articles. To opt out, interface admins can add <code dir="ltr">#siteNotice { display: none; }</code> to [[{{ns:8}}:Minerva.css]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T138572][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416644] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:19}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:19|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue on [[Special:RecentChanges|Special:RecentChanges]] has been fixed. Previously, clicking hide in the active filters caused the "view new changes since…" button to disappear, though it should have remained visible. The button now behaves as expected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406339] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * New documentation is now available to help editors debug on-site search features. It supports troubleshooting when pages do not appear in results, when ranking seems unexpected, and when you need to inspect what content is being indexed, helping make search behavior easier to understand and analyze. [[mw:Help:CirrusSearch/Debug|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411169] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.16|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/08|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W08"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०१:०२, १७ फेब्रुअरी २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30086330 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-09</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W09"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/09|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Reference Check|Reference Check]] has been deployed to English Wikipedia, completing its rollout across all Wikipedias. The feature prompts newcomers to add a citation before publishing new content, helping reduce common citation-related reverts and improve verifiability. In A/B testing, the impact was substantial: newcomers shown Reference Check were approximately 2.2 times more likely to include a reference on desktop and about 17.5 times more likely on mobile web. [https://analytics.wikimedia.org/published/reports/editing/reference_check_ab_test_report_final_2025.html] '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:InterwikiSorting|InterwikiSorting extension]], which allowed for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Interwiki sorting order|sorting of interwiki links]], has been undeployed from Wikipedia. As a result, editors who had enabled interwiki link sorting in non-compact mode (full list format) will now see links reordered. The links moving forward will be listed in the alphabetical order of language code. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T253764] * Later this week, people who are editing a page-section using the mobile visual editor, will notice a new "Edit full page" button. When tapped, you will be able to edit the entire article. This helps when the change you want to make is outside the section you initially opened. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T387175][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409112] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|The Reader Experience team]] is inviting editors to assess whether dark mode should still be considered "beta" on their wiki, based on their experience of how well it functions on desktop and mobile. If the feature is deemed mature, editors can update the interface messages in <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:skin-theme-description</code> and <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:Vector-night-mode-beta-tag</code> to indicate that dark mode is ready and no longer considered beta. * The improved [[mw:Wikimedia_Apps/Team/iOS/Activity_Tab|Activity tab]] which displays user-insights is now available to all users of the Wikipedia iOS app (version 7.9.0 and later). Following earlier A/B testing that showed higher account creation among users with access to the feature, it has been rolled out to 100% of users along with some updates. The Activity tab now shows your edited articles in the timeline, offers editing impact insights like contribution counts and article view trends, and customization options to improve in-app experience for users. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug that prevented [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] from working on mobile has now been fixed, restoring full functionality. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415303] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]] lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on one page. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] that makes this possible continues to improve. The latest upgrade is the inclusion of a [[mw:Extension:GlobalWatchlist#hook|new hook]], <code dir=ltr>ext.globalwatchlist.rebuild</code>, which fires after each watchlist rebuild. This allows you to run gadgets and user scripts for the Special page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T275159] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.17|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/09|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W09"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ००:४९, २४ फेब्रुअरी २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30119102 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-10</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W10"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/10|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Wikipedia 25 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments|Birthday mode]] is now live on Betawi, Breton, Chinese, Czech, Dutch, English, French, Gorontalo, Indonesian, Italian, Luxembourgish, Madurese, Sicilian, Spanish, Thai, and Vietnamese Wikipedias! This limited-time campaign feature celebrates 25 years of Wikipedia with a birthday mascot, Baby Globe. When turned on, Baby Globe is shown on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments/article configuration|~2,500 articles]], waiting to be discovered by readers. Communities can choose to turn Birthday mode on by getting consensus from their community and asking an admin to enable the feature and customize it via [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments#Community Configuration Demo|community configuration]] on the local wiki. '''Updates for editors''' * [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]], a new feature to re-use references with different details has been released to Swedish Wikipedia, Polish Wikipedia and [[:phab:T418209|a couple of other wikis]]. You can [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#test|try the feature]] on these projects or on testwiki and [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmcloud.org/wiki/Sub-referencing betawiki]. Learnings from the first pilot wiki German Wikipedia have been [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing/Learnings|published in a report]]. Reach out to the Wikimedia Deutschland team if you are [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Pilot wikis|interested in becoming a pilot wiki]]. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Paste check|Paste Check]] will become available at all Wikipedias this week. The feature prompts newcomers who are pasting text they are not likely to have written into VisualEditor to consider whether doing so risks a copyright violation. Paste Check [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Tags|tags]] all edits where it is shown for potential review. Local administrators can configure various aspects of the feature via [[{{#special:EditChecks}}]]. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Paste Check#A/B Experiment|Research]] across 22 wikis found that Paste Check resulted in an 18% decrease in relative reverted-edits compared to the control group. Translators can [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&group=ext-visualeditor-ve-mw-editcheck&filter=&optional=1&action=translate help to localize] this and related features. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Reader Experience team]] will be standardizing the user menu in the top right for all mobile users so that it is closer to the desktop experience. Currently this user menu is only visible to users with Advanced Mobile Controls (AMC) turned on. The only change is that a couple buttons previously in the left-side menu will move to the top right for users who do not have AMC turned on. This change is expected to go out March 9 and seeks to improve the user interface. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413912] * Starting in the week of March 2, the emails sent out when an email address was added, removed, or changed for an account will switch to a substantially nicer and clearer HTML email from the prior plaintext one. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T410807] * Notifications are currently limited to 2,000 historic entries per user, and extend back to 2013 when the feature was released. This is going to be changed to only store Notifications from the last 5 years, but up to 10,000 of them. This will help with long-term infrastructure health and help to prevent more recent notifications from disappearing too soon. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383948] * The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]] which lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on a single page continues to see improvements. The latest update improves label usage experience. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] now allows activating the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Language#Fallback languages|language fallback system]] for Wikidata items without labels in the viewed language, and showing those labels in the user’s preferred Wikidata language if no <code dir=ltr>uselang=</code> URL parameter is provided. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373686][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416111] * The Wikipedia Android team has started a beta test of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Information Retrieval/Phase 1|hybrid search]] on Greek Wikipedia. Hybrid search capabilities can handle both semantic and keyword queries enabling readers to find what they’re looking for directly on Wikipedia more easily. * For security reasons, members of certain user groups are [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Mandatory two-factor authentication for users with some extended rights|required to have two-factor authentication]] (2FA) enabled. Currently, 2FA is required to use the group, but not to be a member of it. Given that this model still has some vulnerabilities, the situation will [[phab:T418580|gradually change in March]]. Members of these groups will be unable to disable last 2FA method on their account, and it will be impossible to add users without 2FA to these groups. Users will still be able to add new authentication methods or remove them, as long as at least one method is continuously enabled. In the second half of March, users without 2FA will be removed from these groups. This applies to: CentralNotice administrators, checkusers, interface administrators, suppressors, Wikidata staff, Wikifunctions staff, WMF Office IT and WMF Trust & Safety. Nothing will change for other users. See the linked task for deployment schedule. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418580] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue preventing users from creating an instance in [https://www.wikibase.cloud/ Wikibase.cloud] has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416807] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * To help ensure [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]], over the next month the Wikimedia Foundation will implement global API rate limits across our APIs. In early March, stricter limits will be applied to unidentified requests from outside Toolforge/WMCS and API requests that are made from web browsers. In April, higher limits will be applied to identified traffic. These limits are intentionally set as high as possible to minimise impact on the community. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]]. * The Wikidata Query Service Linked Data Fragment (LDF) endpoint will be decommissioned in February. This endpoint served limited traffic, which was successfully migrated to other data access methods that were better suited to support existing use cases. The hardware used to support the LDF endpoint will be reallocated to support the ongoing backend migration efforts. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415696] * The new Parsoid parser [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Updates|continues to be deployed to additional wikis]], improving platform sustainability and making it easier to introduce new reading and editing features. Parsoid is now the default parser on 488 WMF wikis (268 Wikipedias), now covering more than 10% of all Wikipedia page views. * The process and criteria for [[Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise#Access|requesting exceptional access]] to the high volume feed of the ''Wikimedia Enterprise'' APIs (at no cost for mission-aligned usecases), [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Enterprise#Exceptional access criteria|have now been published]]. This is to provide more thorough and clearer documentation for users. * [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/ Tech Blog], the blog dedicated to the Wikimedia technical community [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2026/02/24/a-tech-blog-diff/ will be migrating] to [[diffblog:|Diff]], the community news and event blog. The migration should be complete in April 2026, after which new posts will be accepted for publishing. Readers will be able to access posts – old and new – on the landing page at https://diff.wikimedia.org/techblog. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.18|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/10|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W10"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> २३:३७, २ मार्च २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30137798 --> == This Month in Education: February 2026 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language. <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 15 • Issue 2 • February 2026</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/February 2026|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/February 2026/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Cairo University Spanish Language Volunteers document Madrid’s Historic and Contemporary Palaces|Cairo University Spanish Language Volunteers document Madrid’s Historic and Contemporary Palaces]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Celebrating 25 Years of Wikipedia in Uzbekistan|Celebrating 25 Years of Wikipedia in Uzbekistan]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Encontro da Rede Latino Americana de Inteligência Artificial Feminista: construindo futuros possíveis|Meeting of the Latin American Network of Feminist Artificial Intelligence: building possible futures]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Farewelling the Auckland Museum Summer Students|Farewelling the Auckland Museum Summer Students]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Inclusive Climate Learning with Wikimedia Reaches Special School in Kumasi|Inclusive Climate Learning with Wikimedia Reaches Special School in Kumasi]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Introducing Wikimedia in Academic curriculum for students of higher education in universities of Telangana |Introducing Wikimedia in Academic curriculum for students of higher education in universities of Telangana]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Learning from Finland: Edit-a-thon on Finnish Education set to take place in Belgrade|Learning from Finland: Edit-a-thon on Finnish Education set to take place in Belgrade]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Library of IME-USP Workshop: Edits in History of Mathematics|Library of IME-USP Workshop: Edits in History of Mathematics]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/LitFest 2026: Room to Dream to amplify local voices across Wikimedia|LitFest 2026: Room to Dream to amplify local voices across Wikimedia]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/New online workshops for the German language Wikipedia|New online workshops for the German language Wikipedia]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Road to Wiki Cohort 1: Building India's Next Generation of Wikimedia Technical Contributors|Road to Wiki Cohort 1: Building India's Next Generation of Wikimedia Technical Contributors]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/The history of the Wikimedia movement in a Brazil: a book about stories and projects|The history of the Wikimedia movement in a Brazil: a book about stories and projects]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Wiki Club Federal Government Boys College Celebrates Mother Tongue Day|Wiki Club Federal Government Boys College Celebrates Mother Tongue Day]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Wiki Club Minalabac joins Freedom to Read 2026: One World, Many Languages|Wiki Club Minalabac joins Freedom to Read 2026: One World, Many Languages]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Wiki Love Folklore Photowalk at Khajuraho Dance Festival 2026|Wiki Love Folklore Photowalk at Khajuraho Dance Festival 2026]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Wiki Loves Fish Workshop Empowers Students to Document Coastal Biodiversity|Wiki Loves Fish Workshop Empowers Students to Document Coastal Biodiversity]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/WikiCendekia 2026: Insights from our training of admins in Indonesia|WikiCendekia 2026: Insights from our training of admins in Indonesia]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Wikimedia MKD's activities- new wiki club and a lots of new training workshops|Wikimedia MKD's activities- new wiki club and a lots of new training workshops]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/WikiPatrimoine Senghor : Valorisation du patrimoine culturel africain à l'Université Senghor|WikiPatrimoine Senghor : Valuation of African cultural heritage at the University Senghor]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Wikipedia Turns 25: Young Voices, Big Future|Wikipedia Turns 25: Young Voices, Big Future]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] १७:४०, ३ मार्च २०२६ (नेपाली समय)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=30155806 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-11</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W11"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/11|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|All wikis will be read-only]] for a few minutes on Wednesday, 25 March 2026 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1774450800 15:00 UTC]. This is for the datacenter server switchover backup tests, [[wikitech:Deployments/Yearly calendar|which happen twice a year]]. During the switchover, all Wikimedia website traffic is shifted from one primary data center to the backup data center to test availability and prevent service disruption even in emergencies. * Last week, all wikis had 2 hours of read-only time, and extended unavailability for user-scripts and gadgets. This was due to a security incident which has since been resolved. Work is ongoing to prevent re-occurrences. For current information please see the [[m:Steward's noticeboard#Statement on Meta about today's user script security incident|post on the Stewards' noticeboard]] ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Product and Technology/Product Safety and Integrity/March 2026 User Script Incident|translations]]). '''Updates for editors''' * Users facing multiple blocks on mobile will now see the reasons for each block separately, instead of a generic message. This helps them understand why they are blocked and what steps they can take to resolve the issue. For example, users affected for using common VPNs (such as [[Special:MyLanguage/Apple iCloud Private Relay|iCloud Private Relay]]) will receive clearer guidance on what they need to do to start editing again. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T357118] * Later this week, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|Suggestion Mode]] will become available as a beta feature within the visual editor at all Wikipedias. This feature proactively suggests various types of actions that people can consider taking to improve Wikipedia articles, and learn about related guidelines. The feature is locally configurable, and can also be locally expanded with custom Suggestions. Current settings can be seen at [[Special:EditChecks]] and there are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Suggestion mode#For administrators %E2%80%93 local customization|instructions for how administrators can customize]] the links to point to local guidelines. The feature is connected to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check|Edit check]] which suggests improvements while someone is writing new content. In the future, the Editing team plans to evaluate the feature's impact with newcomers through a controlled experiment. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T404600] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where the cursor became misaligned during the use of CodeMirror’s syntax highlighting, which makes wikitext and code easier to read, has now been fixed. This problem specifically affected users who defined a font rule in a custom stylesheet while creating a new topic with DiscussionTools. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418793] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * API rate limiting update: To help ensure [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]], global API rate limits will be applied this week to requests without a compliant User-Agent that originate from outside Toolforge/WMCS and to unauthenticated requests made from web browsers. Higher limits will be applied to identified traffic in April. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]]. * The new GraphQL API has been released. The API was developed as a flexible alternative to select features of the Wikidata Query Service (WDQS), to improve developer experience and foster adaptability, and efficient data access. Try it out and [[d:Wikidata:Wikibase GraphQL#Feedback and development|give feedback]]. You can also [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/GraphQLAPI/apply sign up for usability tests]. * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group|PTAC Unsupported Tools Working Group]] continued improvements to [[commons:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Video2commons#|Video2Commons]] in February, with fixes addressing authentication errors, large-file handling, task queue visibility, and clearer upload behavior. Work is still ongoing in some areas, including changes related to deprecated server-side uploads. Read [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group#February 2026|this update]] to learn more. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.19|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The Article Guidance team invites experienced Wikipedia editors from selected [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Pilot wikis and collaborators#Collaborators|pilot wikis]] and interested contributors from other Wikipedias to fill out this questionnaire which is available in [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfmLeVWnxmsCbPoI_UF2jyRcn73WRGWCVPHzerXb4Cz97X_Ag/viewform English], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSd6rzr4XXQw8r4024fE3geTPFe13M_6w7Mitj-YJi0sOlWTAw/viewform?usp=header Arabic], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdok3-RfB18lcugYTUMGkpwmqG_8p760Wv4dCXitOXOszjUDw/viewform?usp=header Bengali], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfjTfYp4jEo0akA4B1e-Nfg3QZPCudUjhJzHzzDi6AHyAaMGA/viewform?usp=header Japanese], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScteVoI29Aue4xc72dekk-6RYtvmMgQxzMI900UOawrFrSTWg/viewform?usp=header Portuguese], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSetdxnYwL3ub2vqA7awCg5hJZPMIYcDPaiTe12rY9h0GYnVlw/viewform?usp=header Persian], and [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScNvfJF-Ot-4pzA4qAN771_0QDJ4Li19YcUsaTgSKW8Nc7U_Q/viewform?usp=header Turkish]. Your answers will help the team customize guidance for less experienced editors and help them learn community policies and practices while creating an article. Learn more [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|on the project page]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/11|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W11"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ००:३८, १० मार्च २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30213008 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-12</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W12"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/12|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]] beta feature, also known as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror 6]], has been used for wikitext syntax highlighting since November 2024. It will be promoted out of beta by May 2026 in order to bring improvements and new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Features|features]] to all editors who use the standard syntax highlighter. If you have any questions or concerns about promoting the feature out of beta, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help talk:Extension:CodeMirror|please share]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T259059] * Some changes to local user groups are performed by stewards on Meta-Wiki and logged there only. Now, interwiki rights changes will be logged both on Meta-Wiki and the wiki of the target user to make it easier to access a full record of user's rights changes on a local wiki. Past log entries for such changes will be backfilled in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T6055] * On wikis using [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Flagged Revisions|Flagged Revisions]], the number of pending changes shown on [[{{#Special:PendingChanges}}]] previously counted pages which were no longer pending review, because they have been removed from the system without being reviewed, e.g. due to being deleted, moved to a different namespace, or due to wiki configuration changes. The count will be correct now. On some wikis the number shown will be much smaller than before. There should be no change to the list of pages itself. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413016] * Wikifunctions composition language has been rewritten, resulting in a new version of the language. This change aims to increase service stability by reducing the orchestrator's memory consumption. This rewrite also enables substantial latency reduction, code simplification, and better abstractions, which will open the door to later feature additions. Read more about [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-03-11|the changes]]. * Users can now sort search results alphabetically by page title. The update gives an additional option to finding pages more easily and quickly. Previously, results could be sorted by Edit date, Creation date, or Relevance. To use the new option, open 'Advanced Search' on the search results page and select 'Alphabetically' under 'Sorting Order'. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T403775] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:28}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:28|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the bug that prevented UploadWizard on Wikimedia Commons from importing files from Flickr has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419263] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * A new special page, [[{{#special:LintTemplateErrors}}]], has been created to list transcluded pages that are flagged as containing lint errors to help users discover them easily. The list is sorted by the number of transclusions with errors. For example: [[{{#special:LintTemplateErrors}}/night-mode-unaware-background-color]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T170874] * Users of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]] beta feature have been using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] instead of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]] for syntax highlighting when editing JavaScript, CSS, JSON, Vue and Lua content pages, for some time now. Along with promoting CodeMirror 6 out of beta, the plan is to replace CodeEditor as the standard editor for these content models by May 2026. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help talk:Extension:CodeMirror|Feedback or concerns are welcome]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419332] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] JavaScript modules will soon be upgraded to CodeMirror 6. Leading up to the upgrade, loading the <code dir=ltr>ext.CodeMirror</code> or <code dir=ltr>ext.CodeMirror.lib</code> modules from gadgets and user scripts was deprecated in July 2025. The use of the <code dir=ltr>ext.CodeMirror.switch</code> hook was also deprecated in March 2025. Contributors can now make their scripts or gadgets compatible with CodeMirror 6. See the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror#Gadgets and user scripts|migration guide]] for more information. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373720] * The MediaWiki Interfaces team is expanding coverage of REST API module definitions to include [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:REST API/Extensions|extension APIs]]. REST API modules are groups of related endpoints that can be independently managed and versioned. Modules now exist for [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414470 GrowthExperiments] and [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419053 Wikifunctions] APIs. As we migrate extension APIs to this structure, documentation will move out of the main MediaWiki OpenAPI spec and REST Sandbox view, and will instead be accessible via module-specific options in the dropdown on the [https://test.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RestSandbox REST Sandbox] (i.e., [[{{#Special:RestSandbox}}]], available on all wiki projects). * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto|Scribunto]] extension provides different pieces of information about the wiki where the module is being used via the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual|mw.site]] library. Starting last week, the library also provides a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#mw.site.wikiId|way]] of accessing the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Wiki ID|wiki ID]] that can be used to facilitate cross-wiki module maintenance. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T146616] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.20|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award|2026 Coolest Tool Award]] celebrating outstanding community tools, is now open for nominations! Nominate your favorite tool using the [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/435684?lang=en nomination survey] form by 23 March 2026. For more information on privacy and data handling, please see the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Legal:Coolest_Tool_Award_2026_Survey_Privacy_Statement|survey privacy statement]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/12|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W12"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०१:२१, १७ मार्च २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30260505 --> == अत्यावश्यक ज्ञान अभियान २०२६ == नमस्ते {{BASEPAGENAME}} ज्यू! तपाईंलाई [[Event:अत्यावश्यक ज्ञान अभियान २०२६|अत्यावश्यक ज्ञान अभियान २०२६]] मा सहभागी हुन हार्दिक निमन्त्रणा गर्दछौं। यो ३-हप्ते अभियान (२३ मार्च – १३ अप्रिल २०२६) मार्फत नेपाली विकिपिडियामा अत्यावश्यक लेखहरू सुधार र विस्तार गर्ने लक्ष्य राखिएको छ। यस अभियानमा सहभागी भई तपाईंले: * विकिपिडियामा सम्पादन गर्ने सीप विकास गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ * लेखहरू सुधार, अनुवाद तथा नयाँ लेख सिर्जना गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ * नेपाली विकिपिडियामा महत्त्वपूर्ण योगदान दिन सक्नुहुन्छ उत्कृष्ट योगदानकर्ताहरूलाई [https://diff.wikimedia.org/ Diff] (विकिमिडिया समुदाय ब्लग) मार्फत विशेष पहिचान दिइनेछ। प्रति हप्ता २–५ घण्टा समय दिएर पनि तपाईं सहभागी हुन सक्नुहुन्छ। सहभागी हुन र थप जानकारीका लागि कृपया [[Event:अत्यावश्यक ज्ञान अभियान २०२६|अभियान पृष्ठ हेर्नुहोस्]]। धन्यवाद! --[[प्रयोगकर्ता:Saroj|Saroj]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:Saroj|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १५:३६, २३ मार्च २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Saroj@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Saroj/MassMessage&oldid=1347853 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-13</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W13"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/13|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Wikimedia site users can now log in without a password using passkeys. This is a secure method supported by fingerprint, facial recognition, or PIN. With this change, all users who opt for passwordless login will find it easier, faster, and more secure to log in to their accounts using any device. The new passkey login option currently appears as an autofill suggestion in the username field. An additional [[phab:T417120|"Log in with passkey" button]] will soon be available for users who have already registered a passkey. This update will improve security and user experience. The [[c:File:Passwordless_login_screencast.webm|screen recording]] demonstrates the passwordless login process step by step. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|All wikis will be read-only]] for a few minutes on Wednesday, 25 March 2026 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1774450800 15:00 UTC]. This is for the datacenter server switchover backup tests, [[wikitech:Deployments/Yearly calendar|which happen twice a year]]. During the switchover, all Wikimedia website traffic is shifted from one primary data center to the backup data center to test availability and prevent service disruption even in emergencies. '''Updates for editors''' * Wikimedia site users can now export their notifications older than 5 years using a [[toolforge:echo-chamber|new Toolforge tool]]. This will ensure that users retain their important notifications and avoid them being lost based on the planned change to delete notifications older than 5 years, as previously announced. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383948] * Wikipedia editors in Indonesian, Thai, Turkish, and Simple English now have access to Special:PersonalDashboard. This is an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Dashboard|early version of an experience]] that introduces newer editors to patrolling workflows, making it easier for them to move from making edits to participating in more advanced moderation work on their project. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402647] * The [[Special:Block]] now has two minor interface changes. Administrators can now easily perform indefinite blocks through a dedicated radio button in the expiry section. Also, choosing an indefinite expiry provides a different set of common reasons to select from, which can be changed at: [[MediaWiki:Ipbreason-indef-dropdown]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401823] * Mobile editors [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#Logged-out|at several wikis]] can now see an improved logged-out edit warning, thanks to the recent updates from the Growth team. These changes released last week are part of ongoing efforts and tests to enhance [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments|account creation experience on mobile]] and then increase participation. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T408484] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:36}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:36|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the bug that prevented mobile web users from seeing the block information when affected by multiple blocks has been fixed. They can now see messages of all the blocks currently affecting them when they access Wikipedia. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Images built using Toolforge will soon get the upgraded buildpacks version, bringing support for newer language versions and other upstream improvements and fixes. If you use Toolforge Build Service, review the recent [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/cloud-announce@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/EMYTA32EV2V5SQ2JIEOD2CL66YFIZEKV/ cloud-announce email] and update your build configuration as necessary to ensure your tools are compatible. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Help:Toolforge/Building_container_images&oldid=2392097#Buildpack_environment_upgrade_process][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380127] * The [https://api.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page API Portal] documentation wiki will shut down in June 2026. API keys created on the API Portal will continue to work normally. api.wikimedia.org endpoints will be deprecated gradually starting in July 2026. Documentation on the API Portal is moving to [[mw:Wikimedia APIs|mediawiki.org]]. Learn more on the [[wikitech:API Portal/Deprecation|project page]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.21|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes]] is considering improvements to [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names|automatically generated reference names in VisualEditor]]. Please check out the [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names#Proposed solutions|proposed solutions]] and participate in the [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names#Request for comment|request for comment]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/13|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W13"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> २२:३६, २३ मार्च २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30268305 --> ==[[:राष्ट्रिय शिक्षा पद्धतिको योजना (२०२८ - २०३२ )]] [[विकिपिडिया:शीघ्र मेट्नुपर्ने आधार|शीघ्र मेट्नुपर्ने]]मा मनोनित== [[Image:Information icon4.svg|48px|left|alt=|link=]] {{Quote box|quote=<p>यदि यो तपाईँले सृजना गर्नुभएको पहिलो लेख हो भने, तपाईँ [[विकिपिडिया:स्वशिक्षा|लेखन सहयोग स्वशिक्षा]] पढ्न सक्नुहुन्छ।</p><p>लेख सृजना गर्न मद्दत गर्ने [[विकिपिडिया:लेख विजार्ड|लेख सहायिका]] पनि तपाईँ प्रयोग गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ।</p>|width=20%|align=right}} नमस्कार, विकिपिडियामा तपाईँलाई [[विकिपिडिया:स्वागत/नव आगन्तुक|स्वागत]] छ। यस [[:राष्ट्रिय शिक्षा पद्धतिको योजना (२०२८ - २०३२ )]]लाई विकिपिडिया देखि [[विकिपिडिया:पृष्ठ हटाउने नीति|चाँडैनै मेटिने]] भनेर एउटा चिनो राखिएको छ। यसले [[वि:शीमे#ले१|ले१]] मापदण्ड अन्तर्गत '''कुनै सन्दर्भ नभएको''' वा '''विषय पहिचान गर्न पर्याप्त सन्दर्भको कमी भएको''' जनाउदछ। [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमानिकता|कुनै सन्दर्भ नभएका]] सम्पूर्ण सामग्रीलाई [[विकिपिडिया:शीघ्र मेट्नुपर्ने आधार|शीघ्र मेट्नुपर्ने मापदण्ड]]को आधारमा कुनै पनि समयमा मेटिन सक्छ। यदि तपाईँलाई लाग्छ पृष्ठलाई यस कारणले मेटाउनु हुँदैन, तपाईँ '''नामाङ्कन विरोध गर्न''' [[:राष्ट्रिय शिक्षा पद्धतिको योजना (२०२८ - २०३२ )|पृष्ठमा गएर]] आफ्नो विचार राख्नुहोला। यसले तपाईँलाई पृष्ठ किन मेटाउनु हुँदैन वर्णन गर्ने अवसर दिनेछ। यद्यपि, याद रहोस्, एक पटक पृष्ठ शीघ्र मेटाउन अङ्कित भएमा, यो तत्काल मेटाइनेछ। कृपया पृष्ठबाट शीघ्र मेटाउने चिनो आफैंले नहटाउनुहोला, तर विकिपिडियाको [[विकिपिडिया:नीति तथा दिशानिर्देशहरूको सूची|नीति तथा दिशानिर्देशहरू]] अनुरूप जानकारी थप्न नहिचकिचाउनुहोला। यदि पृष्ठ मेटिसकिएको, र भविष्यका सन्दर्भ वा सुधारको लागि तपाईँ मेटाइएको सामग्री पुनःप्राप्त गर्न चाहनुहुन्छ भने, कृपया {{Querylink|Special:Log|qs=type=delete&page=%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF+%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE+%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B+%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE+%28%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A6%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%AE+-+%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A6%E0%A5%A9%E0%A5%A8+%29|मेटाउने प्रशासकलाई सम्पर्क गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ}}, वा यदि तपाईँले पहिल्यै त्यसो गरिसक्नुभएमा, एउटा अनुरोध तपाईँ [[विकिपिडिया:मेटाइएको संशोधन|यहाँ राख्न सक्नुहुन्छ]]। <!-- Template:Db-nocontext-notice --> <!-- Template:Db-csd-notice-custom --> [[User:पर्वत सुवेदी|पर्वत सुवेदी]] ([[User talk:पर्वत सुवेदी|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) २१:५०, २८ मार्च २०२६ (नेपाली समय) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-14</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W14"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/14|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Beta version of [[abstract:|Abstract Wikipedia]] a new Wikimedia project which is language-independent, was launched last week. The project allows communities to build Wikipedia articles in their native language, which can be readily accessed by other users in their own languages. The wiki is powered by instructions from Wikifunctions and also based on structured content from Wikidata. [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-03-26|Read more]]. '''Updates for editors''' * The Growth team is running an A/B test to evaluate a clearer, more user-friendly message that promotes account creation on wikis. Currently when logged-out mobile users begin editing, they see a jarring warning message that can feel abrupt and discouraging. This also presents temporary account editing as the default rather than encouraging account creation. The test is running on ten Wikipedias, including Arabic, French, Spanish and German. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#2. Improve logged-out warning message (T415160)|Read more]]. * The Wikimedia Apps team is inviting feedback on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Future of Editing on the Mobile Apps|how editing should work on the Wikipedia mobile apps]]. The discussion focuses on improving how users access editing tools when they tap "Edit". This is part of a broader effort to convert readers who develop an interest in editing, to access a more user-friendly pathway to start contributing. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:45}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:45|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where citation fetching from the large newspaper archive [https://www.newspapers.com Newspapers.com] was no longer working, due to a block in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid|Citoid]] requests, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419903] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.22|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/14|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W14"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०१:११, ३१ मार्च २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30329462 --> == This Month in Education: March 2026 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language. <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 15 • Issue 3 • March 2026</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/March 2026|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/March 2026/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Advancing 21st-Century Education: Proposal to Establish the Yorùbá Wikipedia Fan Club at Arolu College of Education, Ilemona|Advancing 21st-Century Education: Proposal to Establish the Yorùbá Wikipedia Fan Club at Arolu College of Education, Ilemona]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Awareness Programme on Language and Culture Protection by KWUG|Awareness Programme on Language and Culture Protection by KWUG]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Teachers from Various Institutions in Rio de Janeiro Explore Wikipedia as a Means of Preserving Memory and Checking Sources|Teachers from Various Institutions in Rio de Janeiro Explore Wikipedia as a Means of Preserving Memory and Checking Sources]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Edu Wiki Nigeria Co-Founder Facilitates Textbook Donation to AHAJAS Integrated School, Gombe|Edu Wiki Nigeria Co-Founder Facilitates Textbook Donation to AHAJAS Integrated School, Gombe]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Inside Wikimedia Ukraine's education program|Inside Wikimedia Ukraine's education program]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Karavali Wikimedians at Mangaluru Design Summit 2026|Karavali Wikimedians at Mangaluru Design Summit 2026]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/One School, One Article Campaign Wrap Up|One School, One Article Campaign Wrap Up]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Seeds of Knowledge: A Wiki Project that Sparked a Community at ADUN|Seeds of Knowledge: A Wiki Project that Sparked a Community at ADUN]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Student workshops at Serbian Universities: enriching Wikipedia with topics on culture and technology|Student workshops at Serbian Universities: enriching Wikipedia with topics on culture and technology]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/The Open Knowledge Alliance: Wikimedia and Libraries|The Open Knowledge Alliance: Wikimedia and Libraries]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Wikimedia CR published updated guide for beginners|Wikimedia CR published updated guide for beginners]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Wikimedia goes back to the classroom in Brazil|Wikimedia goes back to the classroom in Brazil]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Workshop on Feminism and Folklore 2026 by Wiki Club SATI|Workshop on Feminism and Folklore 2026 by Wiki Club SATI]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/“Wikimedia MKD in Action: Teacher Conferences and Education Activities|“Wikimedia MKD in Action: Teacher Conferences and Education Activities]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Wikipedia & Libraries: Building New Contributors|Wikipedia & Libraries: Building New Contributors]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] १६:०६, १ अप्रिल २०२६ (नेपाली समय)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=30317659 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-15</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W15"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/15|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] now includes a new group goal-setting feature, enabling organizers to set and track event goals such as the number of articles created and participating contributors in real time. Similarly, participants can work toward shared targets and see their collective impact as the event unfolds. The feature is now available on all Wikimedia wikis. Learn more in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Registration/Collaborative contributions#Goal setting|the documentation]]. * [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] The new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist labels|watchlist labels]] feature (announced in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/07|Tech News 2026-07]]) is now available via VisualEditor, the source editor, and the 'watchstar' (or watch link, for skins that don't have a star icon). Previously it was only possible to assign labels via [[Special:EditWatchlist|EditWatchlist]]. In all three places it is a new field following the expiry field. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where talk pages on mobile with Parsoid are unusable after empty section headers, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419171] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|sub-referencing feature]], which lets editors add details to an existing reference without duplicating it, will be gradually rolled out to [[phab:T414094|more wikis]] later this year. Wikis using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reference Tooltips|Reference Tooltips]] gadget are encouraged to update their version (typically at [[m:MediaWiki:Gadget-ReferenceTooltips.js|MediaWiki:Gadget-ReferenceTooltips.js]] as shown [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?diff=1344408362 here]) to ensure compatibility. Other reference-related gadgets may also be affected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416304] * All Wikinews editions will be closed and switched to read-only mode on 4 May 2026. Content will remain accessible, but no new edits or articles can be added. This closure was approved by the Board of Trustees of the Wikimedia Foundation following extended discussions. [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard#Board of Trustees Approves Closure of Wikinews|Read more]]. * The [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:Action API|Action API]] has had several formats for requested output. One of them, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>format=php</nowiki></code></bdi>, is being removed soon. Please ensure your scripts or bots use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:Data formats#Output|JSON format]]. This removal should affect very few scripts and bots. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T118538] * The [[Special:NamespaceInfo|Special:NamespaceInfo]] page now includes namespace aliases. For example "WP" for the "Project" ("Wikipedia") namespace on the German Wikipedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381455] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.23|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/15|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W15"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> २२:०४, ६ अप्रिल २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30362761 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-16</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W16"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/16|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Experienced editors are invited to [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Main_Page test] the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|Article guidance]] feature, designed to help less-experienced editors create well-structured, policy-compliant Wikipedia articles. Testing instructions are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Test feature guide|available]]. Also, after reviewing [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Category:Pages_using_article_guidance the outlines], please provide feedback on the [[mw:Talk:Article guidance|project talk page]]. Based on your input, the feature will be refined and transferred to the pilot Wikipedias to translate and adapt. Check out [[c:File:Article Guidance workflow demo - April 2026.webm|the video]] explaining the feature. '''Updates for editors''' * On most wikis, all autoconfirmed users can now use [[Special:ChangeContentModel|Special:ChangeContentModel]] page to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:ChangeContentModel|create new pages with custom content models]], such as mass message lists, making custom page formats more accessible. Check [[Special:ListGroupRights|Special:ListGroupRights]] for the status of your wiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T248294] * The Growth team has launched an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account_Creation_Experiments|account creation experiment]] to evaluate whether adding an account creation button to the mobile web header increases new account registrations and encourages more mobile users to contribute to the wikis. The experiment is currently live on Hindi, Indonesian, Bengali, Thai, and Hebrew Wikipedia, and targets 10% of logged-out mobile web users. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where VisualEditor could get stuck loading on Windows devices with animations turned off, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382856] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Starting later this week, {{int:group-abusefilter}} who have the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]] beta feature enabled will have [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] instead of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]] as the editor at [[Special:AbuseFilter|Special:AbuseFilter]]. This is part of the broader effort to make the user experience more consistent across all editors. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399673][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419332] * Tools and bots that access the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Notifications/API|Notifications API]] (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=query&meta=notifications</nowiki></code></bdi>) will need to update their OAuth or BotPassword grants to also include access to private notifications. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T421991] * Due to a library upgrade, listings on category pages may be displayed out of order starting on Monday, 20th April. A migration script will be run to correct this, and will take hours to days depending on the size of the wiki (up to a week for English Wikipedia). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T422544] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.24|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/16|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W16"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> २१:०४, १३ अप्रिल २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30380527 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-17</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W17"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/17|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * After two years of development, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]], also known as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror 6]], is to be promoted out of beta on Tuesday, April 21. It brings better code and wikitext readability, reduction in typing errors, and other [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|benefits]] to all users of the standard syntax highlighter. A huge thank you to volunteer [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/p/Bhsd/ Bhsd] who developed many of the new features, including [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Code folding|code folding]], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Autocompletion|autocompletion]], and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Linting|linting]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T259059] * A major update to the Wikipedia app for iOS is now rolling out, redesigning the interface to align with Apple's latest "Liquid Glass" visual design. [https://apps.apple.com/us/app/wikipedia/id324715238 Download the latest version] and explore the update. '''Updates for editors''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4 Reading lists|Reading lists]] is a feature which allows readers to save articles to a list for reading later. This feature is now in beta on Arabic, French, Indonesian, Vietnamese, and Chinese Wikipedias and by default for all new accounts on all Wikipedias. * An experiment which explores extending [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Mobile page previews|Page Previews to mobile web]] will be launched in the week of April 20 on Arabic, English, French, Italian, Polish, and Vietnamese Wikipedias. Page Previews are pop-ups that display a thumbnail, lead paragraph, and a link to open the full article of a blue link, thereby improving content discovery. The feature is already available on desktop and in the apps. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/List of experiments in Product and Technology#Template|Read more about this experiment and others]]. * On several wikis, logged-in editors who haven't [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Email confirmation|confirmed their email addresses]] can now see a banner encouraging them to do so. Having the email address confirmed allows a user to restore access to the account if they lose it. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security#Encouraging users to confirm their email addresses|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T421366] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:15}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:15|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where editing very large wiki pages in the 2017 wikitext editor caused slow loading, preview and scrolling lag, and performance issues when selecting, cutting, or pasting content, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T184857] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * As part of the promotion of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] from a beta feature, all users will use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] instead of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]] for syntax highlighting when editing JavaScript, CSS, JSON, Vue and Lua content pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419332] * The <code>mirrors.wikimedia.org</code> service for Debian and Ubuntu users will sunset and stop working on May 15. The resources for the service will be replaced with new and better options. Some users may need to switch to a different server which should take about a minute. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/LJYRIS4WB66HIRCAO4GIDTXCMDVZRBMA/ You can read more]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416707] * The <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>image</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>oldimage</nowiki></code></bdi> table will be removed from [[wikitech:Help:Wiki Replicas|wikireplicas]]. If your tools or queries access <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>image</nowiki></code></bdi> or <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>oldimage</nowiki></code></bdi> directly, please update them to use the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>file</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>filerevision</nowiki></code></bdi> table before 28 May. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T28741] * Following the recent implementation of global API rate limits on unidentified traffic, the Wikimedia Foundation will continue efforts to ensure [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]] by applying global limits to identified API traffic beginning the last week of April. These limits are intentionally set as high as possible to minimise impact on the community. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits/FAQ|Frequently Asked Questions]]. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Attribution API|Attribution API]] is now available as a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Stability policy|beta]]. The API fetches information for crediting Wikimedia articles and media files wherever they are used. Reference documentation is available through the REST Sandbox special page available on all Wikimedia wikis (such as the [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?api=attribution.v0-beta&title=Special%3ARestSandbox REST sandbox on English Wikipedia]). Share your feedback on the [[mw:Talk:Attribution API|project talk page]]. * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/17|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W17"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> २०:४६, २० अप्रिल २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30432763 --> == This Month in Education: April 2026 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language. <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 15 • Issue 4 • April 2026</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/April 2026|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/April 2026/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/Empowering Knowledge: Wikimedia MKD Education Update|Empowering Knowledge: Wikimedia MKD Education Update]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/WikiScholar: A School-Level Initiative to Promote Free Knowledge in Bangladesh|WikiScholar: A School-Level Initiative to Promote Free Knowledge in Bangladesh]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/Wikipedia for School 2025–2026: A Competition That Continued Despite Frost, Power Outages, and War|Wikipedia for School 2025–2026: A Competition That Continued Despite Frost, Power Outages, and War]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/Wikimedia UK and Thoughtful delivery new media literacy teacher training course|Wikimedia UK and Thoughtful delivery new media literacy teacher training course]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/Wikimedia CR supporting SDG's in Czech schools|Wikimedia CR supporting SDG's in Czech schools]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/University Students’ Mandatory Internships at Wikimedia Armenia|University Students’ Mandatory Internships at Wikimedia Armenia]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/Third year of collaboration with Aleksandër Xhuvani University in Elbasan, Albania|Third year of collaboration with Aleksandër Xhuvani University in Elbasan, Albania]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/Students Discover Open Source and Learn Wikipedia and Wikidata Skills for the First Time in Zarqa, Jordan|Students Discover Open Source and Learn Wikipedia and Wikidata Skills for the First Time in Zarqa, Jordan]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/Leveraging on Wikipedia as a tool for curbing Health Misinformation and Disinformation in Akwa Ibom and Rivers State, Nigeria|Leveraging on Wikipedia as a tool for curbing Health Misinformation and Disinformation in Akwa Ibom and Rivers State, Nigeria]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/Governance and Public Knowledge: Wikipedia as a Learning Tool in Sustainability Education through UNESCO Designated Sites|Governance and Public Knowledge: Wikipedia as a Learning Tool in Sustainability Education through UNESCO Designated Sites]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/A month full of encounters with students in Brazil|A month full of encounters with students in Brazil]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] २१:४६, २७ अप्रिल २०२६ (नेपाली समय)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=30406002 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-18</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W18"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/18|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * There is a change in how new users are autoconfirmed that will improve anti-vandalism protection. Currently, users who have had an account for a few days and made a few edits are automatically added to the [[{{int:grouppage-autoconfirmed/{{CONTENTLANGUAGE}}}}|{{int:group-autoconfirmed}}]] group. This configuration tends to be exploited by some vandals, who create accounts and start to use them only after some time. To mitigate this, the configuration will be updated next week so that – for the purpose of becoming autoconfirmed – the account age will be counted from their first edit, instead of registration date. The numeric value of the age threshold will remain the same. This change will be deployed only to wikis which require at least one edit as part of the autoconfirmation conditions. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418484] * All Wikipedia users with new accounts and those who activated the "automatically enable most beta features" option in their preference can now use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4 Reading lists|reading lists]] beta feature to save articles for later reading. This helps organize reading interests in one place for convenient access. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where infobox images have huge padding in Firefox, has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423676] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * As a reminder, the global API rate limits will be applied this week to identified API traffic. This is to help ensure [[mw:MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]]. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, including the actual rate limits, see [[mw:Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]] and [[mw:Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits/FAQ|Frequently Asked Questions]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.26|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/18|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W18"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> २३:५१, २७ अप्रिल २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30458046 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-19</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W19"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/19|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|Article guidance]] team invites experienced editors of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Pilot wikis and collaborators|pilot Wikipedias]]—Arabic, Bangla, Japanese, Portuguese, Persian, Turkish, Simple English, Spanish, and French—to help translate and adapt [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Category:Pages_using_article_guidance sample outlines]. These outlines will guide editors in creating clear, well-structured, and policy-compliant articles when using [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Special:NewArticle the feature] once it is launched in May 2026. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance#Adapting a sample outline in a Wikipedia|Simple instructions]] on how to translate and adapt the outlines are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product and Technology Advisory Council]] has published [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/May 2026 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|draft recommendations]] on a model that affiliates can follow when contributing to the technical space. Community members are invited to provide feedback on the recommendation until May 8th [[:m:Talk:Product and Technology Advisory Council/May 2026 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|on the talk page]]. * The number of available thumbnail size preferences in MediaWiki is being reduced to three standardized options—Small (180px), Regular (250px), and Large (400px), as part of ongoing efforts to improve performance and reduce strain on thumbnail services. As a result, existing preferences will be mapped to the nearest new size (for example, smaller selections like 120px or 150px will render at 180px, while larger ones like 300px or 360px will render at 400px). The preferences interface will soon be updated to reflect these changes, and users who wish to opt out or provide feedback can do so. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424909] * From now on, even when a permission expires automatically, users will receive an Echo notification similar to the standard notification for permission changes. There is a difference between this and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global reminder bot|Global reminder bot]] in that the latter reminds users a week ''before'' the rights are due to expire, so that they can renew the rights. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the problem where the ULS language selector in [[m:Special:Translate|Special:Translate]] would scroll vertically when it shouldn't, has been resolved. Previously, when users opened the "Translate to English" dropdown and typed certain inputs, the dialog would scroll vertically by a few pixels even when there was enough space to display all results. The dropdown no longer shifts unnecessarily when filtering languages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358864] * The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]], which lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on a single page, continues to improve. For example, watchlists for Wikibase sites such as [[:d:|Wikidata]] now support [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:EntitySchema|EntitySchema]] elements for better tracking. The Live Updates mode now refreshes the special page every 60 seconds to comply with the updated [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|global API rate limits]] for improved real-time responsiveness. Additionally, a directionality bug that displayed links as "changes 3" instead of "3 changes" in mixed-direction lists has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415450][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424422][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418091] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The second phase of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|global API rate limits]] has been rolled out to reduce the [[diffblog:2026/03/26/quo-vadis-crawlers-progress-and-whats-next-on-safeguarding-our-infrastructure/|impact of AI crawlers]] and ensure fair, sustainable access to Wikimedia resources, prioritising human and mission-aligned traffic. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits#Limits|Limits]] have been shifted from per-hour to per-minute, producing smoother traffic patterns and more predictable API load. Community users are not expected to be affected, and no action is required. Early indications show some User-Agent-based requestors are adjusting behaviour, and around 64% of automated API traffic has been identified. Monitoring continues, and Wikimedia Enterprise remains available for commercial support. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.27|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/19|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W19"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०२:२८, ५ मे २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30498077 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-20</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W20"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/20|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Community Tech has published [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/How to write a good wish|new guidance]] explaining how wishes on Community Wishlist are triaged and prioritized. The documentation is intended to help contributors write stronger proposals by clarifying the factors that influence prioritization decisions. Beyond vote counts, the guidance highlights considerations such as potential impact on the community when determining which wishes move forward. '''Updates for editors''' * The Reader Growth team is launching an experiment to test a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader_Growth/Share_Card|Share Card feature]] that allows readers to create visually engaging cards from Wikipedia articles or selected article sections and share them online, with each card linking back to the original article to help expand readership and article discovery. The mobile-only A/B test will be available to a portion of readers on Arabic, Chinese, French, Vietnamese, and English Wikipedia to better understand reading and sharing habits, and is scheduled to begin the week of May 18 and run for four weeks. * The Android and iOS Wikipedia apps recently released the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/25th_Birthday_Reading_Challenge|25-day reading challenge]] into Beta, as part of efforts to drive reader engagement by encouraging users to complete reading milestones. To track their reading streak during the challenge, App users can add a widget featuring Baby Globe to their home screen. The challenge officially begins May 11. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:17}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:17|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where the global preference for enabling syntax highlighting in wikitext could unexpectedly disable itself after being turned on, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T425286] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The ResourceLoader module <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mediawiki.ui.input</nowiki></code></bdi>, deprecated since [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/39|September 2023]], will be removed this week. There is a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Migrating_from_MediaWiki_UI|guide for migrating from MediaWiki UI to Codex]] for any tools that use it. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T420125] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.2|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/20|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W20"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०१:०५, १२ मे २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30524429 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-21</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W21"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/21|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Abstract Wikipedia team has identified five potential pilot wikis to assess their interest in adopting abstract articles on their wikis. The pilots are Malayalam, Bengali, Dagbani, Arabic, and Indonesian Wikipedia. The feedback period will be open until May 22. If your community is interested in becoming a pilot, [[m:Talk:Abstract Wikipedia|let us know on Meta]]. '''Updates for editors''' * An experiment to show [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|Reading Lists]] to logged-out readers on mobile web will launch on May 18 across German, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, Polish, Dutch, Turkish, and Urdu Wikipedias, and will run for one month. The effort supports broader goals of helping readers save and organize articles for later reading, while encouraging habits that could lead to future Wikipedia contributions. * To support a bookmark button in the Reading List beta feature, the "Tools > Action" menu has been updated to display icons, including the watch star indicator that helps editors identify temporarily watched articles. The icons now also match those used on mobile, improving consistency across platforms. The change is currently limited to the actions menu and mainly affects editors with privileged user rights. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T426008] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|Suggestion Mode]] was released as an [[w:en:A/B test|A/B test]] for newcomer editors on the mobile website at [[phab:T421189|~15 Wikipedias]]. The experiment will measure the impact that Suggestion Mode has on the proportion of newcomer mobile web edit sessions that result in constructive (un-reverted) article edits. The experiment will also evaluate the feature's impact on editor retention, and monitor changes in revert and block rates. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue in the Wikipedia Android app where images could sometimes fail to load after opening a recommended reading list notification, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418231] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata Platform|Wikidata Platform team]] has published its [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update/Backend Replacement|backend replacement recommendation]] and accompanying [[wikitech:Wikidata Query Service/WDQS Architecture re-design|technical architecture]] for the migration of the Wikidata Query Service (WDQS) away from Blazegraph. Feedback is invited until May 25th 2026, especially on potential gaps and impacts on advanced use cases. Wikidata community members and WDQS users are also encouraged to help identify high-impact tools and workflows that may need attention on [[d:Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update/High-Impact Use Cases|this page]]. Feedback can be shared on the [[d:Wikidata talk:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update|Migration talk page]] or during the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Blazegraph Migration Office Hours|next office hour]]. See the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Wikidata Platform team/Newsletter|WDP team newsletter]] for more details. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.3|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * On English, French, Japanese, and a few other Wikipedias, there was a [[diffblog:2025/09/02/better-detecting-bots-and-replacing-our-captcha/|trial of hCaptcha]], a third-party bot detection service. The trial showed that hCaptcha effectively detects and deters some bad-faith automated activity, on its own and by giving [[w:en:Wikipedia:Village pump (technical)/Archive 225#Introducing SuggestedInvestigations|checkusers and stewards]] signals to look into. Because the results were positive, hCaptcha will be rolled out across all wikis over the next few weeks. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Anti-abuse signals/hCaptcha|See the hCaptcha project page]] for technical information about the implementation and privacy protections. [[diffblog:2026/05/04/better-detecting-bots-and-replacing-our-captcha-part-2/|Learn more]]. * The latest Community Tech update is now available, with progress across several Community Wishlist initiatives, including Reading Lists expansion from the mobile app to the website, new language support for "Who Wrote That" and the Personal Dashboard, improvements to 3D rendering and Charts, and upcoming work on talk page sorting, audio playback, and editing workflows. The update also shares current priorities, wishlist status trends, and opportunities for community feedback on future focus areas and the Wikimedia Foundation’s 2026–2027 Annual Plan. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates#May 13, 2026: Latest updates from the Community Tech team|Read the full newsletter for details]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/21|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W21"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०२:०७, १९ मे २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30539262 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">You may be eligible to vote in the U4C election</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> I am contacting you because you previously voted in elections related to the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]]. You may be eligible to vote in the current U4C election, which is open now and closes on 2 June 2026. You can find out more about the candidates and the election on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026|the election page on Meta]], and from there you can access the vote itself. Your participation in these elections is important to the governance of Wikimedia communities, and your time spent learning about the candidates and voting is appreciated. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]])<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) २३:०१, २० मे २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Keegan_(WMF)/test&oldid=30569826 --> == Belated Wiki Anniversary Wishes 🎉 == <div style="border: 3px solid #f75920; background: #f8f9fa; padding: 15px; margin: 10px 0; font-size: 95%; line-height: 1.6em;"> [[File:Rose and Carnation Flower Bouquet 02.png|150px|right|Happy Wiki Anniversary]] Dear [[User:Nawaraj Ghimire|Nawaraj Ghimire]], Your wiki anniversary was '''26 days''' ago, marking '''12 years''' of dedicated service! I wanted to extend a heartfelt thanks for your amazing contributions. With over '''7,473''' edits, your dedication is an inspiration to the community. Wishing you all the best for the year ahead! ''Use this [https://wiki-anniversary.toolforge.org/ '''Tool'''] to send wiki anniversary wishes to other amazing Wikimedians.'' - [[User:Suyash.dwivedi|Suyash.dwivedi]] ([[User talk:Suyash.dwivedi|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १८:४२, २१ मे २०२६ (नेपाली समय) </div> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-22</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W22"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/22|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Following a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#LOWM|successful account creation experiment]], an improved logged-out edit warning message will be deployed to all Wikimedia wikis in the first week of June. The change will only affect logged-out users on mobile web who open an editing session. The updated experience is designed to encourage account creation more clearly, while still allowing users to edit with temporary accounts. Results from the experiment showed a significant increase in account creation, with a 27% relative lift among users shown the updated message. As expected, as more people funnel into account creation, temporary accounts decreased by a relative 16%. The experiment did not show any significant changes in constructive edit rates or other monitored contributor metrics. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424595] '''Updates for editors''' * For security reasons, members of certain user groups are [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Mandatory two-factor authentication for users with some extended rights|required to have two-factor authentication]] (2FA) enabled. Members of these groups will be unable to disable the last 2FA method on their account, and it will be impossible to add users without 2FA to these groups. Users will still be able to add new authentication methods or remove them, as long as at least one method is continuously enabled. In the next few weeks, users without 2FA will be removed from these groups. Notably, this applies to bureaucrats. See the linked tasks for deployment schedules. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423119][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423120] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes]] will run an [[w:en:A/B testing|A/B test]] on [[:phab:T415904|10 wikis]], testing [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/Reference Previews|potential improvements for Reference Previews]]. The experiment will run for ~2 weeks at the end of May / beginning of June and will affect 10% of desktop readers on the participating wikis. * After two successful experiments, the Reader Growth team is rolling out an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Image Browsing|Image Browsing]] beta feature for all Wikipedias on mobile on May 25. This means that anyone who has all beta features on by default will start to see this feature, and others can check the box to turn it on in their preferences. The beta feature will include a carousel of all an article's images at the top of the article, with controls for editors to [[mw:Readers/Reader_Growth/Image_Browsing#Phase_2.1_beta_feature|exclude images from the article's carousel or to exclude an article from the feature entirely]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, three dimensional STL files were being rendered incorrectly by the media viewer 3D extension which is now fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416723] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The legacy CSS classes <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>tleft</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>tright</nowiki></code></bdi> have been replaced with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>floatleft</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>floatright</nowiki></code></bdi> as the former do not work consistently across all MediaWiki platforms, notably mobile web and mobile apps. Projects relying on these classes are encouraged to review related usage and plan for migration. Please note that <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>floatleft</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>floatright</nowiki></code></bdi> may also be deprecated in future, although there are currently no plans to do so. [[phab:T426452|Read more]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.4|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/22|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W22"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०३:३७, २६ मे २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30584502 --> == This Month in Education: May 2026 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language. <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 15 • Issue 5 • May 2026</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/May 2026|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/May 2026/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2026/Teaching innovation with Wikimedia. Shared experiences in Spanish Universities|Teaching innovation with Wikimedia. Shared experiences in Spanish Universities]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2026/Editing Wikipedia with Viktor Hygo High School in Albania|Editing Wikipedia with Viktor Hygo High School in Albania]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2026/Debating free license in Brazil|Debating free license in Brazil]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2026/Microclimatic Explainers: A short-form media approach to build micro-level environmental awareness in India|Microclimatic Explainers: A short-form media approach to build micro-level environmental awareness in India]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2026/Ukraine publishes the first academic collection of papers on Wikipedia and Wikimedia Projects|Ukraine publishes the first academic collection of papers on Wikipedia and Wikimedia Projects]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2026/Wiki Digital Youth Club Launches in Tanzania: Youth Build Digital Skills Through Competitive Quest Challenges|Wiki Digital Youth Club Launches in Tanzania: Youth Build Digital Skills Through Competitive Quest Challenges]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2026/Wiki Youth Participation in Building Rwanda’s Open Knowledge Ecosystem|Wiki Youth Participation in Building Rwanda’s Open Knowledge Ecosystem]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2026/Wikimedia Digi-Youth Club in Nigeria|Wikimedia Digi-Youth Club in Nigeria]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2026/Wikimedia MKD's Education News & Activities|Wikimedia MKD's Education News & Activities]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2026/Wikipedia Serbia's interns and Wiki Ambassadors provide crucial support towards end of the school year|Wikipedia Serbia's interns and Wiki Ambassadors provide crucial support towards end of the school year]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] २२:३८, १ जुन २०२६ (नेपाली समय)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=30604297 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-23</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W23"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/23|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Reader Experience team]] is conducting an experiment to show the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|reading lists]] feature, which is still in development, to logged-out mobile readers to test whether it encourages account creation at a higher rate compared to the watchstar button. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists#Experiment timeline|experiment]] was launched on May 18th on German, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, Polish, Dutch, Turkish, and Urdu wikis, and it will run for a month. * The Wikimedia Apps team released [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Explore Feed Refresh/Phase 1|Phase 1]] of the redesigned Home Feed to the Android Beta app. The new Home Feed includes a refreshed "Community" tab and a personalized "For You" tab featuring daily updated reading recommendations. The redesign is part of a broader effort to improve content discovery and create more engaging learning experiences in the Wikipedia apps. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:18}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:18|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where images could fail to load for some suggested edits on [[w:Special:Homepage|Special:Homepage]], leaving the thumbnail stuck in a loading state, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424048] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.5|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/23|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W23"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०२:५४, २ जुन २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30613639 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-24</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W24"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/24|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Wikimedia Enterprise has increased the free usage limits for its API offerings. The monthly request limit for the On-demand API has increased from 5,000 to 50,000 requests, while the Snapshot API limit has increased from 15 to 30 requests per month. In addition, Structured Contents snapshots are now available for free accounts. These changes expand access to Wikimedia Enterprise data for developers, researchers, and organizations using Wikimedia content. [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/enhanced-free-api] '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/Explore Feed Refresh/Phase 1|refreshed Explore Feed]], now called the Home Feed, is rolling out to 50% of users of the Wikipedia Android app. The Home Feed helps readers discover relevant content through two new tabs: ''Community'' and ''For You''. The Community tab provides a scrollable feed of curated content and updates from the broader Wikimedia community and movement, while the ''For You'' tab offers a full-screen, swipeable experience that shows content tailored to a user's interests. The redesign is part of a broader effort to improve discovery and enhance the learning experience in the Wikipedia app. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/"Which came first?" Game|Which came first?]] daily trivia game is now available in the beta version of the Wikipedia iOS app in English, German, French, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, Arabic, Chinese, and Turkish. The game uses historical events from Wikipedia's "On This Day" content and challenges readers to guess which of two events happened first. The game was previously released on Android. Communities interested in making the game available in their languages can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/Games#Game availability by language|read the instructions and requirements]]. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]], a new MediaWiki feature that allows editors to reuse references with different details, will begin rolling out to Wikimedia wikis following a successful pilot phase. Deployment will start on 8 June for most [[wikitech:Deployments/Train#Wednesday|Group 1 wikis]] and French Wikipedia, with additional Wikipedia language editions receiving the feature over the coming months. Communities are encouraged to prepare by checking for [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&group=ext-cite&language=en&action_source=search&filter=%21translated&optional=1&action=translate untranslated Cite extension messages] in their language and reviewing any use of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reference Tooltips|Reference Tooltips]], which may require [[:phab:T416304#11668731|updates]] to support the new functionality. Wikis using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Reference Previews|Reference Previews]] do not need to take any action. Communities may also wish to create the ''cite-tracking-category-ref-details'' [[Special:TrackingCategories|tracking category]] as a hidden category using <code><nowiki>__HIDDENCAT__</nowiki></code> (or a dedicated template), and connect it to the corresponding Wikidata item [[d:Q129764848]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T425662] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Mobile page previews#Experimentation|Page Previews experiment]] on mobile web has concluded. The team decided not to roll out the feature after the results showed no statistically significant impact on reader retention, as the primary success metric was retention improvement. Page Previews, which are already available on desktop and in the apps, display a thumbnail, lead paragraph, and link to the full article when readers tap a blue link. The experiment tested this experience on mobile web across six Wikipedias. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Design/Icons|user interface icon library]] will be [[phab:T399175|updated later this week or next week]]. Most of the ~300 icons have been slightly refined and ~30 new icons have been added. These changes improve the icons to make them more consistent and comprehensible, and provide more visual balance when they are used in groups. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Language Selector|Universal Language Selector]] (ULS) interface in MediaWiki, which helps users select content in other languages, has been updated. The new version improves speed and accessibility, and users of Wikimedia projects can now pin languages for quicker language switching. The deployment to Wikimedia sites will happen gradually in the coming weeks. You can test it now as a beta feature by selecting [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta features]] in your profile preferences and share your feedback on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Language Selector/New ULS|the project page]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where the Pageviews Analysis dashboard on pageviews.wmcloud.org stopped updating graph data in May 2026, affecting all users, has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427171] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The function signature for <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mw.util.addPortletLink()</nowiki></code></bdi> has been simplified. Developers can now pass a configuration object instead of a list of positional parameters when creating portlet links. The previous function signature remains supported for backwards compatibility. For example, instead of: <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mw.util.addPortletLink('p-cactions', '#', 'Stub', 'ca-stubtag', 'Add a stub tag to this page');</nowiki></code></bdi> use <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mw.util.addPortletLink('p-cactions', { href: '#', text: 'Stub', id: 'ca-stubtag', tooltip: 'Add a stub tag to this page' });</nowiki></code></bdi>. Script maintainers are encouraged to review existing uses of <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>addPortletLink()</nowiki></code></bdi> and update them where appropriate. This change will be available on all wikis from 11 June. Thanks to community volunteer Gerges for contributing this improvement. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427945] * '''Community Wishlist discussion''': Product & Technology [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates#May 20, 2026: Community Tech becomes a program|introduced changes]] meant to increase the number and complexity of wishes fulfilled, including the disbanding of the Community Tech team. They are [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates|engaging in discussions]] about a [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist#Proposed direction for Wishlist|proposed direction for the wishlist]] from community members. Includes ways to structure annual voting, better tracking of wishes, removing focus areas, and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates|staffing updates]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.6|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/24|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W24"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ०३:१५, ९ जुन २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30650573 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-25</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W25"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/25|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth|Reader Growth team]] has launched an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Image Browsing|Image Browsing]] beta feature on the mobile web version of all Wikipedias. The feature shows an image carousel at the top of articles with 3 or more images. Editors can configure this feature with the following controls: to hide a specific image from a page, either use <code>class=notpageimage</code> excluding it from thumbnail previews, or <code>class=noviewer</code> excluding it from MediaViewer. The carousel can also be disabled from a page entirely, with the magic word <code><nowiki>__NOMEDIAVIEWERCAROUSEL__</nowiki></code>. To submit feedback or flag bugs, please visit the [[mw:Talk:Readers/Reader Growth/Image Browsing|project page]]. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Tables#class="wikitable"|Wikitables]] can now be [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Sortable tables#Forcing the initial sort direction|sorted in descending order]] on the first click by adding <code dir=ltr>data-sort-order="desc"</code> to the header cell. Previously, by default, clicking a column header for the first time sorts it in ascending order. This addition to a Wikitable gives it more control and flexibility, while the default behavior for subsequent clicks remains unchanged. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398416] '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|Article guidance]] feature is currently being tested with some editors creating new articles on the Simple English, French, and Turkish Wikipedias. The experiment will soon begin on the Arabic and Bangla Wikipedias as well. [[w:simple:Special:NewArticle|This feature]] gives editors community-curated guidance to help them create articles that follow community standards. Experienced editors can continue creating or adapting outlines for specific article types that are commonly created by less experienced contributors. The outlines guide less experienced editors in creating high-quality articles. A quick guide to markups used in outlines can be found on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Test feature guide#Markups in outlines|this page]]. [[w:simple:Wikipedia:Article Guidance|Example outlines]] that can be adapted and instructions for how to adapt them are on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance#Adapting a sample outline in a Wikipedia|this section]] of the project page. * Wikis that wish to replace the "indefinitely" button in Special:Block for temporary accounts (for example, wikis that block temporary users only until account expiration) will be able to do so by creating [[MediaWiki:ipb-indefinite-expiry-temporary-account]] with the block duration they want. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427125] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:41}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:41|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * By the end of June, a valid user-agent string will be required for automated dumps downloads from the dumps.wikimedia.org website. Automated requests that provide a generic or empty user-agent will be blocked. This [[phab:T400119|extends enforcement]] of the long standing [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Wikimedia Foundation User-Agent Policy|user-agent policy]]. Access to dumps through Wikimedia Cloud Services will not change. * The roll out of global [[mw:Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|API rate limits]] is now complete, with limits enforced across all APIs and at the documented levels for all groups. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki remain exempt. All bots should continue to follow the documented best practices to avoid being rate limited. * The [https://api.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page API Portal wiki] will be read only starting this week (June 15-18). The following week (June 22-25), all API Portal wiki URLs will redirect to [[mw:Wikimedia APIs|Wikimedia APIs on mediawiki.org]]. Learn more on the [[wikitech:API Portal/Deprecation|project page]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.7|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * On June 17th at 6pm UTC the WMF will be holding Discord call focused on a code review. We've heard through the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Developer Satisfaction Survey/2026|Developer Satisfaction Survey]] that volunteers are struggling with code review and we'd like to discuss these experiences with the goal of surfacing workable solutions. You can join the call [https://discord.gg/wikipedia?event=1514727511102062664 via the Wikimedia Community Discord server]. * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Conferencia Wikimedia de América Latina 2026|Latin American Wikimedia Conference]] will host a regional hackathon that will bring together the Wikimedia movement’s technical community including developers, system administrators, data scientists, and users with extended rights. Interested technical contributors can [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSf4osJzTHBJjQbYJk7TMVEJjTEQv7IgtsUDfP-o-qTgeRQQxw/viewform apply for a scholarship] to participate until June 21 at midnight (Bolivia time, UTC-4). * Sign up for Wikimania Team Challenges to join this special event. The Team challenges will take place online and in person from July 21 to 22, before Wikimania conference. Everyone is welcome, regardless of skills or Wikimania registration. Teams will work on 10 important challenges supporting the Wikimedia community. For details, visit [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2026:Team challenges|the Team Challenges page]] and [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/wm/teamchallenges/ register there]. Registration closes on June 20th at 11pm UTC. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/25|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W25"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> २२:३४, १५ जुन २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30689604 --> == Thank you for being a part of Feminism and Folklore 2026 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|right|350px]] Dear {{PAGENAME}}, Your contributions helped make this year's [[:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore]] campaign a great success, and we are truly grateful for your time, knowledge, and dedication to documenting women's stories and folklore on Wikimedia projects. As we reflect on this year's campaign and prepare for the next edition, we'd love to hear about your experience. Please take a few minutes to fill out our feedback form and share your thoughts and suggestions. As a token of our appreciation, everyone who completes the form will receive a '''special digital postcard'''! in their email. This year marks '''''25 years of Wikipedia''''', and the postcard has been created to celebrate this milestone and to recognize the incredible efforts of participants like you who continue to enrich free knowledge for the world. '''Form Link - [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdqFZN9IdWbAnZ_7DyG5bIsuq7KAkdsIxweC_TdPH9In-tthQ/viewform?usp=dialog here]''' Please complete the feedback form by '''25 June 2026'''. Thank you once again for making Feminism and Folklore 2026 a success. We hope to see you again in future campaigns! Best regards, Feminism and Folklore international Team. --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) २०:१६, १८ जुन २०२६ (नेपाली समय) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/wlf2026&oldid=30704478 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-26</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W26"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/26|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature summary|Growth features]] are [[phab:T418115|now available at Wikidata]]. This update enables access to Mentorship ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Mentorship|if configured]]), Impact module, the Help Panel, and a simplified Newcomer Homepage (without Suggested Edits). Wikidata administrators are still configuring the features through Community Configuration. '''Updates for editors''' * The special page [[{{#special:RangeCalculator}}]] has been created. It allows users to find an IP range without needing to rely on external tools. Until now, this tool was only available to CheckUsers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T268429] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]] is a new MediaWiki feature that allows editors to reuse references with different details. It will be deployed to most small and medium-sized Wikipedia language versions on June 23. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#deployment|FAQ]] lists possible actions to take on your wiki to support the deployment. Check the [[:phab:T414094|rollout plan]] for the next deployment steps. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T428902] * Starting next week, users will get a notification when they are blocked or unblocked from editing, or if this block changes. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T100974] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Starting next week, abuse filters that are set to "require CAPTCHA verification" will begin to also affect users with the <code>skipcaptcha</code> right, which includes most autoconfirmed users. Bots are exempted. This change only affects edits that trigger an abuse filter. The <code>skipcaptcha</code> right will continue to exempt users from having to solve CAPTCHAs in the ordinary course of using the wikis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402595] * Reference documentation for the [[wikitech:Machine_Learning/LiftWing/API|Lift Wing API]] has moved from the API Portal to the interactive [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?api=lift-wing&title=Special%3ARestSandbox REST Sandbox]. * The API Portal wiki is now closed. For API documentation, see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_APIs|Wikimedia APIs on mediawiki.org]]. All API Portal wiki URLs (https://api.wikimedia.org/wiki/) will redirect to the mediawiki.org page starting June 22. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427537] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.8|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * Join an online call on 25 June at 2:30pm UTC to meet the current Wikimedia interns for [[mw:Google_Summer_of_Code/2026|Google Summer of Code]] and [[mw:Outreachy/Round_32|Outreachy]]. Interns will provide an overview of their projects and a brief demo of their work so far. Attendees are encouraged to [[mw:event:Google_Summer_of_Code/Summer_2026_June_Internship_open_session|share ideas and connections in their community]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/26|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W26"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> १८:५०, २३ जुन २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30722494 --> == This Month in Education: June 2026 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language. <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 15 • Issue 6 • June 2026</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/June 2026|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/June 2026/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/Wikipedia Editathon at Dinajpur Govt. College: Empowering Graduate Students in the Open Knowledge Movement|Wikipedia Editathon at Dinajpur Govt. College: Empowering Graduate Students in the Open Knowledge Movement]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/Wikimedia Serbia prepares for Edu Wiki camp 2026|Wikimedia Serbia prepares for Edu Wiki camp 2026]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/Wiki Digi-Youth Clubs pilot explores challenge-based learning across three countries|Wiki Digi-Youth Clubs pilot explores challenge-based learning across three countries]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/Why the EduWiki Hub Starter Kit Matters for the Future of Education|Why the EduWiki Hub Starter Kit Matters for the Future of Education]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/Portuguese Universities adopt free knowledge tools: Wikipedia is the favorite|Portuguese Universities adopt free knowledge tools: Wikipedia is the favorite]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/Translating on Wikipedia used as extra – credit assignment in University of Prishtina, Kosovo|Translating on Wikipedia used as extra – credit assignment in University of Prishtina, Kosovo]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/Strengthening Wikimedia Education Through Community Learning and Digital Literacy Initiatives|Strengthening Wikimedia Education Through Community Learning and Digital Literacy Initiatives]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/Small Group, Big Impact: Building Skills Through the Wikimedia Volunteer Focus Group in Botswana|Small Group, Big Impact: Building Skills Through the Wikimedia Volunteer Focus Group in Botswana]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/"25x25 Project – Celebrating Wikipedia" in Córdoba, Argentina|"25x25 Project – Celebrating Wikipedia" in Córdoba, Argentina]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/Mapping and gathering educational activities on Wiki in Brazilian universities|Mapping and gathering educational activities on Wiki in Brazilian universities]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/Growing Wiki Education in the Philippines: Highlights from Bikol WikiConference 2026|Growing Wiki Education in the Philippines: Highlights from Bikol WikiConference 2026]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/From Mentee to Builder: Six Months in the EduWiki Hub Mentorship Program|From Mentee to Builder: Six Months in the EduWiki Hub Mentorship Program]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/EduWiki Hub publishes its first Community Newsletter|EduWiki Hub publishes its first Community Newsletter]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/Click, Capture, and Contribute: Scaling Open Knowledge Through Mobile Photography|Click, Capture, and Contribute: Scaling Open Knowledge Through Mobile Photography]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/Education in Action: Limkokwing School Adoption Program 2026 and Wikimedia Learning Outcomes|Education in Action: Limkokwing School Adoption Program 2026 and Wikimedia Learning Outcomes]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/Impact of Wiki Digi youth Clubs initiative in education of Rwanda|Impact of Wiki Digi youth Clubs initiative in education of Rwanda]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] १०:००, २८ जुन २०२६ (नेपाली समय)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=30725833 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-27</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W27"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/27|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * As part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments|Account Creation Experiments]], the Growth team tested adding a user account icon in the mobile web header for logged-out users, providing direct access to "Create account" and "Log in" actions. The experiment increased account creation by about 20% without negatively affecting edit quality or constructive edit rates. The feature will now be rolled out to all Wikimedia Foundation wikis on mobile web in the first week of July. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T428220] * After a [[phab:T426248|successful experiment]], logged-in users who did not [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Email_confirmation|confirm their email address]] when their account was created see a new banner asking them to complete that process. This helps reduce the risk that users get locked out of their account, and makes account email addresses overall more reliable. This is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Account Security]] project. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T428292] * An update to [[Special:Search|Search]] is refining how the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>-prefix:</nowiki></code></bdi> behaves when used to exclude results. Previously, using <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>-prefix:</nowiki></code></bdi> with negation could unintentionally broaden search results by adding the namespaces included in the search scope, leading to confusing behavior for users expecting a straightforward exclusion filter. With the update, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>-prefix:</nowiki></code></bdi> will now strictly exclude matching page titles as intended and may display a warning if the relevant namespace has not been explicitly selected. The behavior of <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>prefix:</nowiki></code></bdi> without negation however remains unchanged. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427443] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:33}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:33|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where reviewers using the Page Curation toolbar were not automatically subscribed to talk page discussions they started has now been fixed. Reviewers will now receive notifications when someone replies to those discussions. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T329346] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Starting June 29th, automated downloads from the dumps.wikimedia.org website will be subject to the [[Foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Wikimedia Foundation User-Agent Policy|user-agent policy]]. Automated requests that provide a generic or empty user-agent will be blocked. Access to dumps through Wikimedia Cloud Services remains unaffected. This is a follow up to the announcement made in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/25|2026/25 issue of Tech News]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.9|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/27|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W27"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> १७:३३, २९ जुन २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30744833 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-28</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W28"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/28|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:34}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:34|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where the search bar results on Wikidata, showed English results instead of using the correct language fallback for users of language variants, has now been fixed. Search suggestions will now follow the expected language fallback chain. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T429769] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * In preparation for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Celebrate Women|Celebrate Women campaign]] planned for March 2027, the Wikimedia Foundation’s [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Advancement/Community Growth/Content Enablement|Content Enablement team]] has launched a 22-question survey to better understand technical contributions by women+ (anyone who identifies as a woman) across Wikimedia projects. The survey takes approximately 15–20 minutes to complete and will remain open until 20 July 2026. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Celebrate Women/Technical contributions survey|questions]] are also available on-wiki for review in advance. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Score|Score extension]] now supports rendering music scores as SVG images in addition to PNG, addressing a long-standing [[:phab:T49578|feature request]] and resolving historical image quality issues. Both formats are now provided to clients, with PNG in the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>src</nowiki></code></bdi> attribute and SVG in the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>srcset</nowiki></code></bdi> attribute. * The new [[wikitech:Parsoid|Parsoid]] parser [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser_Unification/Updates|continues to be deployed to additional wikis]], making it easier to introduce new reading and editing features. It was enabled on French Wikipedia, bringing total progress to covering 78.9% of Wikipedia page views. Rollout to English Wikipedia desktop will progress through this week. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.10|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The Wikimedia Hackathon 2026 [[diffblog:2026/06/29/wikimedia-hackathon-2026-building-collaborating-and-shaping-the-future-together/|recap blog post]] is now live. It highlights the projects, sessions, and social activities from this year’s event, and shares initial plans for the 2027 Wikimedia Hackathon. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/28|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W28"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> १९:४२, ६ जुलाई २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30773578 --> == [[विकिपिडिया:विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०२६]]मा [[User:Shivarokaha|Shivarokaha]]को प्रश्न (०२:३९, १० जुलाई २०२६) == Please help open this --[[User:Shivarokaha|Shivarokaha]] ([[User talk:Shivarokaha|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०२:३९, १० जुलाई २०२६ (नेपाली समय) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-29</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W29"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/29|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Revise_Tone|Revise Tone]] helps newcomers identify passages in Wikipedia articles that may contain non-encyclopedic language and encourages them to consider revising the tone. The feature was [[w:en:A/B_testing|A/B tested]] on the Arabic, English, French, and Portuguese Wikipedias, where newcomer task completion rates [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Revise_Tone#Experiment_Results|increased by 38.7%]] compared to the default Copyedit task, with no decrease in edit quality. The test ended on July 9, and the feature is now available for everyone on these wikis, configurable via Community Configuration. [[phab:T426364|The plan]] is to release Revise Tone to more wikis. * The community configuration that allows [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Mentorship#Automated mentor list cleanup|automatic removal of inactive mentors]] based on configurable criteria will be enabled on Thursday 16, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Deployment|on some wikis]] to keep mentor lists up to date. Mentors are experienced contributors who opt in to help new users on-wiki through the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature summary|Growth Features]]. Administrators can now prepare the settings via [[w:Special:CommunityConfiguration/Mentorship|Special:CommunityConfiguration/Mentorship]]; they will take effect starting Thursday. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:38}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:38|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where some users of the Wikipedia Android app were logged out immediately after signing in, preventing them from staying logged in and editing pages, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T316916] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Editing a page via user scripts or gadgets was causing watchlist labels that the user had assigned to that page to reset. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423778] * To work around a Safari bug (see [[phab:T425211]]), on Parsoid-enabled wikis, wikilink hrefs now use absolute urls instead of protocol-relative urls. REST API output remains unchanged and continue to use protocol-relative urls. Gadgets, user scripts, bots, and CSS might need to be adapted if they relied on the presence of protocol-relative urls in wikilink hrefs. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T431358] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.11|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The Wikimedia Foundation’s Experiment Platform Team has published a blog post reflecting on its first year of structured experimentation. It highlights successful experiments such as Paste Check, Reference Check, and Tone Check, which improved editing outcomes and have been rolled out to more users, as well as experiments that did not lead to product changes. [[diffblog:2026/07/07/moving-the-needle-how-we-test-new-ideas-across-wikimedia-projects|Read more]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/29|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W29"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> २१:५७, १३ जुलाई २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30804401 --> r7tjd8qlacir67y6bvqyn1ykqvxjh9r 0 63683 1365931 1347393 2026-07-14T04:35:12Z पर्वत सुवेदी 31224 [[विकिपिडिया:हटक्याट|हटक्याट]]द्वारा [[श्रेणी:हिन्दु पौराणिक कथाका महिलाहरू]] हटाइयो; [[श्रेणी:हिन्दु पौराणिक कथामा महिलाहरू]] जोडियो 1365931 wikitext text/x-wiki {{छोटो विवरण|कृष्णकी पालनपोषण गर्ने माता}} {{distinguish|यशोधरा}} {{Infobox deity | type = हिन्दु | image = Yashoda with Krishna, Raja Ravi Varma.jpg | caption = यशोदा गाई दुहुँदै, बालक कृष्ण उनलाई अङ्गालो मार्दै, [[राजा रवि वर्मा]]को चित्रकला | spouse = [[नन्दगोप]] | children = [[कृष्ण]] (पालक पुत्र)<br> [[बलराम]] (पालक पुत्र)<br>[[योगमाया]] (छोरी) | name = यशोदा | texts = [[भागवत पुराण]], [[हरिवंश]], [[महाभारत]], [[विष्णु पुराण]], [[ब्रह्मवैवर्त पुराण]] | abode = वृन्दावन | father = सुमुख/गिरिभानु | mother = पद्मावती/पातालदेवी<ref>Brahmavaivarta Purana (Fourth Canto) Chapter 13. Verse 38</ref> | siblings = भद्रा, मदिरा, यशोधरा, यशोदेव, सुदेव, कुम्भक | dynasty = [[यदु वंश|यदुवंश]] }} '''यशोदा''' [[कृष्ण]]की पालनपोषण गर्ने माता र [[नन्दगोप]]की पत्नी हुन्। [[हिन्दु धर्म]]का [[पुराण|पौराणिक]] ग्रन्थहरूमा उनलाई [[गोकुल]]का मुखिया नन्द बाबाकी पत्नी र [[रोहिणी देवी|रोहिणी]]की बहिनीका रूपमा वर्णन गरिएको छ। [[भागवत पुराण]]का अनुसार, कृष्णको जन्म [[देवकी]]को कोखबाट भएको थियो, तर कृष्णका पिता [[वसुदेव]]ले नवजात कृष्णलाई उनका दाजु नन्द र उनकी पत्नी यशोदाकहाँ गोकुल पुर्‍याएका थिए। कृष्णको उचित पालनपोषणका साथै देवकीका दाजु तथा [[मथुरा]]का अत्याचारी राजा [[कंस]]बाट रक्षा गर्नका लागि यसो गरिएको थियो। == व्युत्पत्ति == यशोदा नामको अर्थ 'जसले यश वा कीर्ति प्रदान गर्छिन् भन्ने हुन्छ।<ref>DADUZEN (2018)</ref><ref>ब्रह्मवैवर्त पुराण, श्रीकृष्ण जन्म खण्ड (चौथो सर्ग) अध्याय १३, श्लोक ३९</ref> [[File:Yashoda and Krishna, inspired from Kalighat Painting.jpg|thumb|कालीघाट चित्रकलाबाट प्रेरित यशोदा र कृष्णको चित्र।]] == पौराणिक कथाहरू == [[File:Meister der Bhâgavata-Purâna-Handschrift 001.jpg|thumb|left|बालकृष्णलाई स्नान गराउँदै यशोदा—[[भागवत पुराण]] पाण्डुलिपिको चित्रण, करिब १५०० ईस्वी]] [[File:Yashoda with infant Krishna early 12th century Tamil Nadu Pudukkottai and Tanjavur districts.jpg|thumb|right|बालक कृष्णका साथमा पालक माता यशोदा। [[चोल राजवंश|चोल काल]], १२औँ शताब्दीको सुरुतिर, [[तमिलनाडु]], भारत।]] === उत्पत्ति === ''[[भागवत पुराण]]''का अनुसार, यशोदा [[वसु]] द्रोणकी पत्नीको अवतार थिइन्। [[नन्दगोप|नन्द]]सँगको विवाह बाहेक यशोदाको प्रारम्भिक जीवनका बारेमा खासै जानकारी उपलब्ध छैन। [[मथुरा]]का शासक [[कंस]]ले [[कृष्ण]] नजन्मिँदै उनलाई मार्ने निर्णय गरेका थिए। कृष्णलाई कंसबाट बचाउनका लागि, कृष्ण र [[योगमाया]] क्रमशः देवकी र यशोदाको कोखबाट एकै समयमा जन्मिएका थिए र [[वसुदेव]] आनकदुन्दुभीले उनीहरूलाई एकआपसमा साटेका थिए। कृष्ण बाँच्न सफल भएका थिए र यशोदाको पालक पुत्रको रूपमा हुर्किएका थिए।<ref name="Devi Bhagwat Purana">Jain, Ravindra K. (2002)</ref> यशोदाको घरमा हुर्कने क्रममा भएका विभिन्न बाल्यकालका प्रसङ्ग वा [[लीला]]हरू हिन्दु ग्रन्थहरूमा प्रशस्त पाइन्छन्।<ref>The Hindu (सन् २००९)</ref> ''भागवत पुराण'' मा यशोदाको यसरी प्रशंसा गरिएको छ: {{blockquote|न त भगवान् ब्रह्माले, न भगवान् शिवले, न त भाग्यकी देवी (देवी महालक्ष्मी), जो सधैँ परमेश्वरको अर्धाङ्गिनी हुनुहुन्छ, उहाँहरूले पनि परमेश्वरबाट यस्तो कृपा प्राप्त गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ जस्तो माता यशोदाले प्राप्त गर्नुभयो।|source=''भागवत पुराण'', १०औँ स्कन्ध, ९औँ अध्याय, २०औँ श्लोक}} === कृष्णको मुखमा ब्रह्माण्डको दर्शन === ''भागवत पुराण''ले निम्न प्रसङ्गको वर्णन गरेको छ:<ref>Bryant, Edwin F. (2007)</ref> {{Blockquote|text=अर्को दिन, श्रीकृष्ण श्रीदामा, सुबल, बलराम र अन्य गोठाला साथीहरूसँग ब्रह्माण्ड घाटमा खेलिरहेका थिए। बालक कृष्णले लुकेर केही माटो खान्छन्, तर गोठालाहरूले त्यो देख्छन् र माता यशोदालाई बताउँछन्। यशोदा दौडँदै आउँछिन् र कृष्णको हात समातेर गाली गर्न थाल्छिन्। डरले काम्दै कृष्णले, "आमा, मैले माटो खाएको छैन भनेर बताउँछन्। यी सबै साथीहरूले झुटो बोलिरहेको र यदि तपाईं मलाई विश्वास गर्नुहुन्न भने, मेरो मुख भित्र हेर्न सक्नुहुन्छ भनेर आग्रह गर्छन्।" यसो भन्दै कृष्णले आफ्नो मुख खोल्छन् र कृष्णको मुख भित्र सम्पूर्ण ब्रह्माण्ड देखिन्छ, जसमा सबै चर-अचर प्राणी, आकाश आदि र उहाँको आफ्नै धाम पनि समावेश थियो।|title=[[भागवत पुराण]]|source=श्लोक १०.८.३२–३९}} === नलकुवेर र मणिग्रीवको मुक्ति === ''भागवत पुराण''का अनुसार, एक पटक कृष्ण बालुवामा खेलिरहेका थिए र त्यसलाई निल्दै थिए। यो देखेर यशोदा आफ्नो आज्ञा पालन नगरेकोमा कृष्णसँग क्रोधितहुन्छिन् र उनलाई सजाय स्वरूप एउटा ओखलमा बाँधिदिन्छिन्। बालक कृष्णले त्यो ओखललाई 'मरुत्रु' नामक रुखसम्म घिसार्दै लैजान्छन् र दुईवटा रुखको बीचमा आफूलाई अड्काउँछन्। तुरुन्तै, ती रुखहरूले आफ्नो मौलिक स्वरूप [[नलकुवेर]] र मणिग्रीव (कुबेरका छोराहरू) प्राप्त गर्छन्। ती देवताहरूलाई नारदले आफूलाई बेवास्ता गरेकोमा श्राप दिएका थिए र कृष्णसँगको भेटपछि उनीहरू रुखको श्रापबाट मुक्त हुन्छन्। उनीहरूले बालक कृष्णलाई श्रद्धा अर्पण गर्दै कृष्णले उनीहरूलाई आशीर्वाद दिन्छन् र त्यसपछि उनीहरू वैश्रवणपुरी फर्किन्छन्।<ref>Mani, Vettam (2015)</ref> === पूतना वध === जब राक्षसी [[पूतना]]ले बालक कृष्णलाई विषालु स्तनपान गराएर मार्ने प्रयास गर्छिन्, तब कृष्णले उल्टै उनको जीवनशक्ति चुसेर उनलाई मृत शरीरमा परिणत गरिदिन्छन्। राक्षसीको मर्ने बेलाको चित्कार सुनेर यशोदाले आफ्नो बच्चालाई अझै पनि राक्षसीको काखमा देख्छिन्। यशोदाले उनलाई झम्टेर लिन्छिन् र कुनै हानि नहोस् भनेर गाईको पुच्छरले कृष्णलाई झारफुक गर्छिन्।<ref>Kausiki Books (2022)</ref> === यशोदाको पुनर्जन्म === क्षेत्रीय परम्परा अनुसार, [[द्वापर युग]]मा यशोदाले कृष्णको विवाह देख्न पाएकी थिइनन्। कृष्णले [[कलियुग]]मा पुनः [[वेङ्कटेश्वर]]को रूपमा अवतरित हुने भन्दै यशोदालाई बचन दिन्छन् र उनले आफ्नो विवाह हेर्ने अवसर पाउँछिन्। कलियुगमा, यशोदाको पुनर्जन्म [[वकुला देवी]]को रूपमा हुन्छ, जो वेङ्कटेश्वरकी माता थिइन् र उनले वेङ्कटेश्वर र राजकुमारी [[पद्मावती (देवी)|पद्मावती]] बीचको विवाह प्रत्यक्ष देखेकी थिइन्।<ref>Northernnatalcourier (2016)</ref> == सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू == {{सन्दर्भसूची}} == बाह्य कडीहरू == {{कमन्सश्रेणी|Yashoda|यशोदा}} * [http://www.dalsabzi.com/books/kids_kahaani/bhaagvad_stories/krishna_and_yashoda_ma.htm कृष्ण र यशोदाको कथा] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070914120051/http://www.dalsabzi.com/books/kids_kahaani/bhaagvad_stories/krishna_and_yashoda_ma.htm |date=2007-09-14 }} {{HinduMythology}} [[श्रेणी:कृष्णसँग सम्बन्धित व्यक्तिहरू]] [[श्रेणी:हिन्दु पौराणिक कथामा महिलाहरू]] [[श्रेणी:महाभारतका पात्रहरू]] [[श्रेणी:भागवत पुराणका पात्रहरू]] c319zo1x7ef3h3pty2ec8rawh8gsqh5 0 65138 1366010 1362328 2026-07-14T10:02:47Z Saroj 31493 [[विकिपिडिया:हटक्याट|हटक्याट]]द्वारा [[श्रेणी:२०२२ फिफा विश्वकप]] जोडियो 1366010 wikitext text/x-wiki {{संक्षिप्त विवरण|कतारमा आयोजित विश्व फुटबल प्रतियोगिता}} {{Infobox international football competition | tourney_name = फिफा विश्वकप | year = २०२२ | other_titles = {{lang|ar|كأس العالم لكرة القدم 2022}}<br />{{transliteration|ar|कास अल-आलम लि-कुरात अल-कदम २०२२}} | image = [[चित्र:578px-2022 FIFA World Cup.svg.png|200 px]] | size = {{Logo size|FIFA trophy}} | caption = {{Script|Arabic|الآن هو كل شيء}}<br />{{transliteration|ar|Al-ʾāna huwa kulu shayʾ}}<br />"वर्तमान सबै थोक हो"<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 November 2021 |title=Now is all - FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022™ |url=https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/watch/2D2UzVXgeJr7p4B6tzhFV2 |access-date=3 December 2022 |website=फिफा |language=en}}</ref> | country = {{झण्डा|कतार}} | dates = {{Nowrap|२० नोभेम्बर}} – {{nowrap|१८ डिसेम्बर}} | confederations = ५ | num_teams = ३२ | venues = ८ | cities = ५ | champion = ARG | count = ३ | second = FRA | third = CRO | fourth = MAR | matches = 63<!--NO LIVE UPDATES, WAIT UNTIL MATCHES FINISH--> | goals = 166<!--NO LIVE UPDATES, WAIT UNTIL MATCHES FINISH--> | attendance = <!--NO LIVE UPDATES, WAIT UNTIL MATCHES FINISH-->{{#expr: <!--Group A--> 67372 + 41721 + 41797 + 44833 + 44569 + 66784 <!--Group B-->+ 45334 + 43418 + 40875 + 68463 + 44297 + 42127 <!--Group C-->+ 88012 + 39369 + 44259 + 88966 + 44089 + 84985 <!--Group D-->+ 42925 + 40875 + 41823 + 42860 + 41232 + 43627 <!--Group E-->+ 42608 + 40013 + 41479 + 68895 + 44851 + 67054 <!--Group F-->+ 59407 + 40432 + 43738 + 44374 + 43984 + 43102 <!--Group G-->+ 39089 + 88103 + 39789 + 43649 + 41378 + 85986 <!--Group H-->+ 41663 + 42662 + 43983 + 88668 + 43443 + 44097 <!--Round of 16-->+ 44846 + 45032 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 <!--Quarter-finals-->+ 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 <!--Semi-finals-->+ 0 + 0 <!--Third place-->+ 0 <!--Final-->+ 0}} | top_scorer = {{fbicon|FRA}} [[किलियन एम्बाप्पे]] {{nowrap|(८ गोल)}} | updated = ४ डिसेम्बर २०२२ | player = | goalkeeper = | young_player = | fair_play = | prevseason = [[२०१८ फिफा विश्वकप|२०१८]] | nextseason = [[२०२६ फिफा विश्वकप|२०२६]] }} '''२०२२ फिफा विश्वकप''' ({{भाषा-अरबी|كأس العالم لكرة القدم}}) [[फिफा विश्वकप]]को २२औँ संस्करण हो, जुन फिफाको सदस्य सङ्घहरूको पुरुष राष्ट्रिय टोलीहरूद्वारा प्रतिस्पर्धा गरिने एक अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय फुटबल प्रतियोगिता हो। यो प्रतियोगिता कतारमा नोभेम्बर २० देखि डिसेम्बर १८, २०२२ सम्म आयोजना भएको थियो। सन् २००२ मा [[दक्षिण कोरिया]] र [[जापान]]मा भएको प्रतियोगितापछि यो अरब र मुस्लिम विश्वमा आयोजना भएको पहिलो विश्वकप हो भने यसलाई दोस्रो पूर्ण रूपमा एसियामा आयोजना गरिएको थियो। सन् २०१८ को फाइनलमा [[क्रोएसिया राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|क्रोएसिया]]लाई ४–२ गोलअन्तरले पराजित गर्दै [[फ्रान्स राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|फ्रान्स]] विजेता बनेको थियो। २२ अर्ब [[अमेरिकी डलर]]भन्दा बढीको अनुमानित लागतमा, यो अहिलेसम्मको सबैभन्दा महँगो विश्वकप हो।<ref>{{Cite web |last=Craig |first=Matt |date=19 November 2022 |title=The Money Behind The Most Expensive World Cup in History: Qatar 2022 By The Numbers |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/mattcraig/2022/11/19/the-money-behind-the-most-expensive-world-cup-in-history-qatar-2022-by-the-numbers/ |access-date=1 December 2022 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref> यो आँकडा कतारी अधिकारीहरूद्वारा विवादित छ, जसमा आयोजक कार्यकारी नासेर अल खातेर पनि समावेश छन्। उनको अनुसार, वास्तविक लागत $८ अर्ब हो, र अन्य तथ्याङ्कहरू २०१० मा कतारलाई विश्वकप प्रदान गरिएदेखि समग्र पूर्वाधार विकाससँग सम्बन्धित छन्।<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 November 2022 |title=No, Qatar has not spent $220&nbsp;billion on World Cup stadiums |url=https://www.newarab.com/news/no-qatar-has-not-spent-220-billion-world-cup-stadiums |access-date=29 November 2022 |website=newarab.com |language=en}}</ref> ३२ टोलीको सहभागिता रहेको यो प्रतियोगिता अन्तिम थियो भने [[२०२६ फिफा विश्वकप]]मा ४८ टोलीले प्रतिस्पर्धा गरेका थिए। [[कतार]]को तातो हावापानीको{{efn-ua|कतारमा धेरै उच्च तापक्रम रहेको छ भने गर्मीको समयमा धेरै आर्द्र छ।<ref name="auto5"/>}} चरम सीमाबाट बच्नका लागि यो विश्वकप नोभेम्बर र डिसेम्बरमा आयोजना भएको थियो।{{efn-ua|यो प्रतियोगिता मे, जुन, वा जुलाईको परम्परागत महिनाहरूमा आयोजना नहुने र उत्तरी शरद ऋतु र जाडोमा हुने पहिलो प्रतियोगिता हो।<ref name="auto5">{{Cite news |last=Sullivan |first=Becky |date=18 November 2022 |title=Why Qatar is a controversial host for the World Cup |publisher=NPR |url=https://www.npr.org/2022/11/18/1137204271/qatar-world-cup-controversies |access-date=21 November 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sanderson |first=Katharine |date=18 November 2022 |title=How will World Cup footballers cope with Qatar heat? |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-022-03771-9 |journal=Nature|volume=612 |issue=7938 |page=19 |doi=10.1038/d41586-022-03771-9 |pmid=36400953 |s2cid=253671490}}</ref>}} यो २९ दिनको कम समयावधिमा खेलाइएको थियो जसमा ६४ खेलहरू पाँच सहरका आठ स्थानहरूमा खेलाइएको थियो। [[कतार राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली]] छनोट प्रक्रियाद्वारा निर्धारित ३१ टोलीहरूसँगै स्वतः प्रतियोगितामा प्रवेश गरेको थियो, जुन कतारको लागि पहिलो विश्वकप हो। कतारले समूहचरणका तीनै खेलमा हार बेहोरेको थियो।<ref>{{Cite web |title=World Cup 2022: Qatar makes history as earliest host country to get eliminated |url=https://sports.yahoo.com/world-cup-2022-qatar-makes-history-as-earliest-host-country-to-get-eliminated-175758610.html |access-date=26 November 2022 |publisher=Yahoo! Sport |language=en }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221125203940/https://sports.yahoo.com/world-cup-2022-qatar-makes-history-as-earliest-host-country-to-get-eliminated-175758610.html |date=25 November 2022 }}</ref> [[कतार]] प्रत्येक खेल गुमाउने पहिलो आयोजक बनेको थियो।<ref>{{Cite web |last=Press |first=The Associated |title=Host nation Qatar becomes 1st team eliminated from World Cup |url=https://www.thescore.com/worldcup/news/2493855 |access-date=26 November 2022 |website=theScore.com |language=en}}</ref> समूह चरण पार गर्न नसक्ने आयोजक बनेको कतार सबैभन्दा पहिला नै बाहिरिएको थियो जहाँ यसभन्दा अगाडि [[२०१० फिफा विश्वकप]]को आयोजक राष्ट्रिय [[दक्षिण अफ्रिका]] पनि समूह चरणबाटै बाहिरिएको थियो। प्रतियोगिताको फाइनलको पहिलो चरणमा, टोलीहरूले अङ्कको लागि चार टोलीहरूको आठ राउन्ड-रोबिन समूहमा प्रतिस्पर्धा गरेका थिए जहाँ प्रत्येक समूहको शीर्ष दुई टोलीहरू अगाडि बढेका थिए। यी १६ टोली नकआउट चरणमा प्रवेश गरेका थिए, जहाँ कतारको राष्ट्रिय दिवसको अवसरमा १८ डिसेम्बर २०२२ मा लुसेल रङ्गशालामा हुने फाइनलमा कुन टोलीले भाग लिने भन्ने निर्णय गर्न तीन चरणको खेल सम्पन्न भएको थियो।<ref>{{Cite web |title=When is the World Cup final? 2022 Date, kick off time as FIFA champion to be crowned in Qatar |url=https://www.sportingnews.com/us/soccer/news/when-is-world-cup-final-date-kick-off-time-champion-qatar-2022/fignossr22wwlffrcgttidyq |access-date=26 November 2022 |website=sportingnews.com |language=en}}</ref> कतारमा विश्वकप आयोजना गर्ने निर्णय विवादको विषय बनेको थियो।{{efn-ua|स्रोतहरू:<ref name="Atlantic 2022">{{cite magazine |author-last=McTague |author-first=Tom |date=19 November 2022 |title=The Qatar World Cup Exposes Soccer's Shame |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2022/11/qatar-hosting-fifa-world-cup-soccer/672171/ |url-status=live |magazine=The Atlantic |location=Washington, D.C. |publisher=Emerson Collective |issn=2151-9463 |oclc=936540106 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221119231915/https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2022/11/qatar-hosting-fifa-world-cup-soccer/672171/ |archive-date=19 November 2022 |access-date=20 November 2022}}</ref><ref name="Reason 2022">{{cite magazine |last=Boehm |first=Eric |date=21 November 2022 |title=The Qatar World Cup Is a Celebration of Authoritarianism |url=https://reason.com/2022/11/21/the-qatar-world-cup-is-a-celebration-of-authoritarianism/ |url-status=live |magazine=Reason |publisher=Reason Foundation |oclc=818916200 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221121221030/https://reason.com/2022/11/21/the-qatar-world-cup-is-a-celebration-of-authoritarianism/ |archive-date=21 November 2022 |access-date=22 November 2022}}</ref><ref name="timesofindia">{{cite news |agency=Reuters |date=16 November 2022 |title=FIFA World Cup 2022: Why Qatar is a controversial location for the tournament |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/fifa-world-cup-2022/fifa-world-cup-2022-why-is-qatar-a-controversial-location-for-the-tournament/articleshow/95533015.cms |work=The Times of India |access-date=22 November 2022}}</ref><ref name="foreignpolicy">{{cite magazine |author-last=Begum |author-first=Rothna |date=25 November 2022 |title=Qatar Can't Hide Its Abuses by Calling Criticism Racist |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2022/11/25/qatar-cant-hide-its-abuses-by-calling-criticism-racist/ |url-status=live |magazine=Foreign Policy |location=Washington, D.C. |publisher=Graham Holdings Company |issn=0015-7228 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221127213633/https://foreignpolicy.com/2022/11/25/qatar-cant-hide-its-abuses-by-calling-criticism-racist/ |archive-date=27 November 2022 |access-date=28 November 2022}}</ref><ref name=":9">{{Cite web |last=Miller |first=Nick |date=26 November 2022 |title=What does the World Cup mean to the Middle East and Arab world? |url=https://theathletic.com/3935151/2022/11/26/world-cup-middle-east-arab-world/ |access-date=28 November 2022 |website=The Athletic |language=en |quote="between the Western World/media and those from the Middle East"}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=14 November 2022 |title=2022 World Cup: Criticism of Qatar finds unequal resonance around the world |language=en |work=Le Monde |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/en/sports/article/2022/11/14/2022-world-cup-criticism-of-qatar-finds-unequal-resonance-around-the-world_6004287_9.html |access-date=1 December 2022}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Baxter |first=Kevin |date=20 November 2022 |title=Qatar walks tightrope between Arab values and Western norms with World Cup gamble |url=https://www.latimes.com/sports/soccer/story/2022-11-20/qatar-world-cup-politics-arab-world-gulf-states |access-date=22 November 2022 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":102">{{Cite journal |last=Griffin |first=Thomas Ross |year=2017 |title=Football in the Hands of the Other: Qatar's World Cup in the British Broadsheet Press |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323705390 |journal=Arab World Geographer |volume=20 |issue=2 |pages=170–182}}</ref>}} {{TOC limit|3}} == अवलोकन == फिफा विश्वकप राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोलीहरू बीच आयोजित एक व्यावसायिक सङ्घ फुटबल प्रतियोगिता हो।<ref>{{Cite web |title=The history of World Cup in football |work=footballhistory.org |access-date=17 November 2022 |url= https://www.footballhistory.org/world-cup/index.html}}</ref> [[फिफा]]द्वारा आयोजित यो प्रतियोगिता, हरेक चार वर्षमा आयोजना गरिन्छ, पहिलो पटक सन् १९३० मा उरुग्वेमा खेलाइएको थियो र सन् १९९८ को संस्करण देखि प्रतियोगितामा ३२ टोलीले प्रतिस्पर्धा गर्दै आएका छन्।<ref name="foxsports.com">{{Cite web |title=FIFA Men's World Cup History – Past World Cup Winners, Hosts, Most Goals and more {{!}} FOX Sports |work=Fox Sports |access-date=17 November 2022 |url= https://www.foxsports.com/soccer/2022-fifa-world-cup/history}}</ref> यस प्रतियोगितामा ८ राउन्ड रोबिन समूहहरू र १६ टोलीहरूको लागि नकआउट राउन्डको साथ प्रतिस्पर्धा गरिन्छ। अघिल्लो संस्करणको विजेता [[फ्रान्स राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|फ्रान्स]] हो<ref name="foxsports.com"/>, जसले २०१८ फिफा विश्वकप फाइनलमा क्रोएसिया राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोलीलाई ४-२ गोल अन्तरले पराजित गरेको थियो<ref>{{Cite web |title=World Cup 2022: Dates, draw, schedule, kick-off times, final for Qatar tournament |work=Sky Sports |access-date=17 November 2022 |url= https://www.skysports.com/football/news/11096/12354033/world-cup-2022-dates-draw-schedule-kick-off-times-final-for-qatar-tournament}}</ref> यो प्रतियोगिता कतारमा नोभेम्बर २० देखि डिसेम्बर १८, २०२२ सम्म कम आयोजना भएको थियो ।<ref>{{Cite news |date=15 July 2018 |title=Amir: 2022 World Cup Qatar a tournament for all Arabs |work=Gulf Times |url=http://www.gulf-times.com/story/599599/Amir-2022-World-Cup-Qatar-a-tournament-for-all-Ara |url-status=live |access-date=7 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180907183342/https://www.gulf-times.com/story/599599/Amir-2022-World-Cup-Qatar-a-tournament-for-all-Ara |archive-date=7 September 2018}}</ref> कतारमा आयोजना गरिएको यो अरब विश्वमा आयोजना भएको पहिलो विश्वकप प्रतियोगिता हो।<ref>{{Cite web |last=Taylor |first=Daniel |date=15 July 2018 |title=France seal second World Cup triumph with 4–2 win over brave Croatia |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2018/jul/15/france-croatia-world-cup-final-match-report |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190626195043/https://www.theguardian.com/football/2018/jul/15/france-croatia-world-cup-final-match-report |archive-date=26 June 2019 |access-date=7 September 2018 |newspaper=The Guardian}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=France beat Croatia in World Cup final |work=BBC Sport |access-date=17 November 2022 |url= https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/44754965}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=19 March 2015 |title=FIFA Executive Committee confirms November/December event period for Qatar 2022 |url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/qatar2022/news/y=2015/m=3/news=fifa-executive-committee-confirms-november-december-event-period-for-q-2567789.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180910210625/https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/qatar2022/news/y=2015/m=3/news=fifa-executive-committee-confirms-november-december-event-period-for-q-2567789.html |archive-date=10 September 2018 |access-date=5 December 2017 |publisher=FIFA}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Taylor |first=Daniel |date=15 July 2018 |title=France seal second World Cup triumph with 4–2 win over brave Croatia |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2018/jul/15/france-croatia-world-cup-final-match-report |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190626195043/https://www.theguardian.com/football/2018/jul/15/france-croatia-world-cup-final-match-report |archive-date=26 June 2019 |access-date=7 September 2018 |newspaper=The Guardian}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=France beat Croatia in World Cup final |work=BBC Sport |access-date=17 November 2022 |url= https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/44754965}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=19 March 2015 |title=FIFA Executive Committee confirms November/December event period for Qatar 2022 |url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/qatar2022/news/y=2015/m=3/news=fifa-executive-committee-confirms-november-december-event-period-for-q-2567789.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180910210625/https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/qatar2022/news/y=2015/m=3/news=fifa-executive-committee-confirms-november-december-event-period-for-q-2567789.html |archive-date=10 September 2018 |access-date=5 December 2017 |publisher=FIFA}}</ref> दर्शकहरूले सामाजिक दूरी, मास्क लगाउने र नकारात्मक परीक्षणहरू जस्ता अधिकांश कोभिड-१९ महामारी प्रतिबन्धहरूको पालना गर्नु आवश्यक थिएन।<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-63400497|title=Qatar: FIFA World Cup fans will not need Covid tests|publisher=BBC News|date=27 October 2022|access-date=22 November 2022}}</ref> === तालिका === विगतका फिफा विश्वकपहरू भन्दा फरक यो विश्वकप<ref name="auto5"/><ref>{{Cite news |title=Energy-rich Qatar faces fast-rising climate risks at home |language=en-US |newspaper=The Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/energy-rich-qatar-faces-fast-rising-climate-risks-at-home/2022/11/26/c203f36a-6d7f-11ed-8619-0b92f0565592_story.html |access-date=26 November 2022 |issn=0190-8286}}</ref> (सामान्यतया जुन र जुलाईमा खेलिन्छ), कतारको तीव्र गर्मी र प्रायः अत्यधिक उच्च आर्द्रताको कारण, प्रतियोगिता नोभेम्बर र डिसेम्बरमा खेलाइएको थियो। फलस्वरूप, विश्वकप असामान्य रूपमा घरेलु सङ्घ फुटबल लिगहरूको संस्करणको बीचमा खेलाइएको थियो, जुन जुलाई वा अगस्टको अन्त्यमा सुरु हुन्छ, जसमा सबै प्रमुख युरोपेली लिगहरू समावेश छन्।<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sullivan |first=Becky |date=18 November 2022 |title=Why Qatar is a controversial host for the World Cup |publisher=NPR |url=https://www.npr.org/2022/11/18/1137204271/qatar-world-cup-controversies |access-date=18 November 2022}}</ref> विश्वकपलाई समायोजित गर्न उनीहरूको घरेलु तालिकामा विस्तारित विश्रामहरू लिन बाध्य भएका थिए। युरोपका प्रमुख प्रतियोगिताहरूले विश्वकपअघि नै आ–आफ्ना प्रतियोगिताका समूह खेलहरू खेल्ने तालिका बनाएका थिए।<ref>{{cite web |url=https://en.as.com/soccer/how-will-the-2022-world-cup-affect-the-champions-league-schedule-n/ |title=How will the 2022 World Cup affect the Champions League schedule? |publisher=as |date=25 August 2022 |access-date=25 August 2022}}</ref> फिफाले सन् २०२० को जुलाईमा खेलको तालिका सार्वजनिक गरेको थियो।<ref name="schedule confirmed">{{Cite web |date=15 July 2020 |title=FIFA World Cup match schedule confirmed: hosts Qatar to kick off 2022 tournament at Al Bayt Stadium |url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/news/fifa-world-cuptm-match-schedule-confirmed-hosts-qatar-to-kick-off-2022-tournamen |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201205083706/https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/news/fifa-world-cuptm-match-schedule-confirmed-hosts-qatar-to-kick-off-2022-tournamen |archive-date=5 December 2020 |access-date=15 July 2020 |publisher=FIFA}}</ref> समूह चरण २१ नोभेम्बरदेखि सुरु हुने तय भएको थियो, जसमा प्रत्येक दिन चार खेलहरू भएका थिए।<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 August 2022 |title=World Cup 2022: When does it start, which teams have qualified and what are the groups for Qatar? |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-cup/0/world-cup-2022-fixtures-qatar-fifa-dates-groups-tickets-england/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220823115412/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-cup/0/world-cup-2022-fixtures-qatar-fifa-dates-groups-tickets-england/ |archive-date=23 August 2022 |url-status=live |access-date=23 August 2022 |website=The Telegraph }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=World Cup 2022: Tournament set to start one day early with Qatar v Ecuador |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/62492293 |work=BBC Sport |date=10 August 2022 |access-date=10 August 2022}}</ref> कतारले फिफालाई आफ्नो टोलीलाई प्रतियोगिताको उद्घाटन गर्न अनुमति दिन दिएपछि कतार र इक्वेडरबीचको खेल नोभेम्बर २० मा सारिएको थियो। फाइनल १८ डिसेम्बर २०२२, राष्ट्रिय दिवसमा लुसेल रङ्गशालामा खेलाइएको थियो।<ref name="schedule">{{Cite web |title=FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022 Match Schedule |url=https://digitalhub.fifa.com/m/11c3473bd955b473/original/zh9sqqpotyf6jhqpv2uw-pdf.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200715162206/https://resources.fifa.com/image/upload/fifa-world-cup-qatar-2022-match-schedule-x6962.pdf?cloudid=zh9sqqpotyf6jhqpv2uw |archive-date=15 July 2020 |access-date=15 July 2020 |publisher=FIFA}}</ref><ref name="schedule confirmed"/> प्रत्येक समूहका लागि खेलहरू निम्न रङ्गशालाहरूका लागि छुट्याइएको थियो: *समूह क, ख, ङ, च: अल बयत रङ्गशाला, खलिफा अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय रङ्गशाला, अल थुमामा रङ्गशाला, अहमद बिन अली रङ्गशाला *समूह ग, घ, छ, ज: लुसेल रङ्गशाला, ९७४ रङ्गशाला, शिक्षा सहर रङ्गशाला, अल जानुब रङ्गशाला फिफाले १ अप्रिल २०२२ मा समूह चरणको स्थान र किक-अफको घोषणा गरेको थियो।<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fifa.com/tournaments/mens/worldcup/qatar2022/media-releases/final-match-schedule-for-the-fifa-world-cup-qatar-2022-tm-now-available-on |title=Final match schedule for the FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022 now available |publisher=FIFA|date=1 April 2022 |access-date=1 April 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://digitalhub.fifa.com/m/6a616c6cf19bc57a/original/FWC-2022-Match-Schedule.pdf |title=FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022 – Match Schedule |publisher=FIFA|date=1 April 2022 |access-date=1 April 2022}}</ref> ११ अगस्टमा, कतार र इक्वेडर बीचको खेललाई एक दिन अगाडि ल्याइएको थियो, जुन अहिले प्रतियोगिताको उद्घाटन खेल बनेको थियो। सेनेगल विरुद्ध नेदरल्यान्डको खेलले मूल तालिका अन्तर्गत प्रतियोगिताको उद्घाटन गरेको थियो।<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fifa.com/tournaments/mens/worldcup/qatar2022/media-releases/qatar-v-ecuador-to-kick-off-fifa-world-cup-2022-tm-on-20-november |title=Qatar v. Ecuador to kick off FIFA World Cup 2022 on 20 November |publisher=FIFA|date=11 August 2022 |access-date=14 September 2022}}</ref> === पुरस्कार राशि === अप्रिल २०२२ मा, फिफाले सबै सहभागी राष्ट्रहरूको लागि पुरस्कारको घोषणा गरेको थियो। प्रत्येक योग्य टोलीले प्रतियोगिता अघि $१५ लाख प्राप्त गरेका थिए र प्रत्येक टोलीले पुरस्कार राशिमा कम्तिमा $९० लाख प्राप्त गरेका थिए। यस संस्करणको कुल पुरस्कार $४४ करोड रहेको थियो जुन अघिल्लो प्रतियोगिताको पुरस्कार भन्दा $४ करोड बढी थियो। <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/tournaments/mens/worldcup/qatar2022/news/fifa-president-welcomes-participants-to-team-seminar|title=FIFA President welcomes participants to Team Seminar |publisher=FIFA|date=1 April 2022|access-date=10 June 2022}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" ! rowspan="2" | स्थान ! colspan="2" | रकम (करोडमा) |- ! प्रति टोली ! जम्मा |- | style="text-align:left;" | विजेता | $४.२ करोड | $४.२ करोड |- | style="text-align:left;" | उप-विजेता | $३ करोड | $३ करोड |- | style="text-align:left;" | तेस्रो स्थान | $२.७ करोड | $२.७ करोड |- | style="text-align:left;" | चौथो स्थान | $२.५ करोड | $२.५ करोड |- | style="text-align:left;" | ५औँ–८औँ स्थान (क्वाटर-फाइनल) | $१.७ करोड | $६.८ करोड |- | style="text-align:left;" | ९औँ–१६औँ स्थान (दोस्रो चरण) | $१.३ करोड | $१०.४ करोड |- | style="text-align:left;" | १७औँ–३२औँ स्थान (समूह चरण) | $९० लाख | $१४.४ करोड |- ! colspan="2" | जम्मा ! $४४ करोड |} === नियम परिवर्तन === प्रतियोगितामा नयाँ प्रतिस्थापन नियमहरू रहेका थिए जसमा टोलीहरूले सामान्य समयमा पाँच प्रतिस्थापन गर्न सक्दछन्, र अतिरिक्त समयमा एक अतिरिक्त प्रतिस्थापन गर्न सक्दछन्।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.radiotimes.com/tv/sport/football/world-cup-2022-substitutes/|title=How many substitutes are allowed at World Cup 2022?|website=Radio Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://en.as.com/soccer/how-many-substitutions-can-teams-make-at-the-qatar-2022-world-cup-n/|title=How many substitutions can teams make at the Qatar 2022 World Cup?|first=Roddy|last=Cons|date=15 November 2022|website=Diario AS}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sportingnews.com/us/soccer/news/how-many-substitutes-world-cup-2022-new-rules-qatar/h9fxwtnjvinrvng5swxeiyeg|title=How many substitutes in World Cup 2022? Explaining new rules for Qatar tournament|website=sportingnews.com}}</ref> यसको अतिरिक्त, यो पहिलो विश्वकप हो जसमा चोट लागेकाहरूलाई पनि प्रतिस्थापनहरू गर्ने व्यवस्था मिलाइएको थियो। प्रत्येक टोलीलाई खेलको समयमा अधिकतम एक त्यस्तो प्रतिस्थापन विकल्प प्रयोग गर्न अनुमति दिइएको थियो। उक्त प्रतिस्थापनले टोलीको नियमित प्रतिस्थापनको कोटामा गणना गर्दैन।<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fifa.com/about-fifa/medical/news/fifa-outlines-player-health-and-well-being-strategy-at-world-cup-workshop |title=FIFA outlines player health and well-being strategy at World Cup workshop |publisher=FIFA |date=7 July 2022 |access-date=7 July 2022}}</ref> इरानी [[गोलरक्षक (फुटबल)|गोलरक्षक]] अलिरेजा बेइरानभान्डलाई इङ्ल्यान्ड विरुद्धको आफ्नो देशको पहिलो खेलमा चोट लागेको थियो र उनको स्थानमा होसेन होसेनीलाई टोलीमा समावेश गरिएको थियो। विश्वकपको दौडान यस्तो खालको प्रतिस्थापन पहिलोपटक प्रयोगमा ल्याइएको थियो।<ref>{{cite web |last=Evans |first=Ethan |url=https://www.londonworld.com/sport/football/fifa-world-cup-2022-concussion-rules-for-qatar-tournament-after-alireza-beiranvand-substitution-vs-england-3926173 |title=FIFA World Cup 2022: Concussion rules for Qatar tournament – after Alireza Beiranvand substitution vs England |work=LondonWorld |date=21 November 2022 |access-date=21 November 2022}}</ref> ==समूह चरण== प्रतिस्पर्धा गर्ने देशहरूलाई चार टोलीको आठ समूहमा विभाजन गरिएको थियो (समूह ए देखि एच)। प्रत्येक समूहका टोलीहरूले राउन्ड-रोबिनमा एकअर्कासँग खेले, जहाँ शीर्ष दुई टोलीहरू नकआउट चरणमा पुगे। ===समूह ए === {{2022 FIFA World Cup group tables|Group A}} === समूह बि === {{2022 FIFA World Cup group tables|Group B}} ===समूह सि === {{2022 FIFA World Cup group tables|Group C}} ===समूह डि === {{2022 FIFA World Cup group tables|Group D}} ===समूह इ === {{2022 FIFA World Cup group tables|Group E}} ===समूह एफ === {{2022 FIFA World Cup group tables|Group F}} ===समूह जि === {{2022 FIFA World Cup group tables|Group G}} ===समूह एच === {{2022 FIFA World Cup group tables|Group H}} == नक आउट चरण == The tournament bracket is shown below, with bold denoting the winners of each match.<ref>{{cite web |date=3 December 2022 |title=The route to the World Cup final at Qatar 2022 |url=https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/articles/knockout-phase-possible-opponents-road-to-the-final-fifa-world-cup-qatar-2022 |access-date=3 December 2022 |publisher=[[FIFA]]}}</ref><section begin="Bracket" />{{#invoke:RoundN|N16 |style=white-space:nowrap|widescore=yes |bold_winner=high|3rdplace=yes |RD1=[[#Round of 16|Round of 16]] |RD2=[[#Quarter-finals|Quarter-finals]] |RD3=[[#Semi-finals|Semi-finals]] |RD4=[[#Final|Final]] |Consol=[[#Match for third place|Match for third place]] <!--Date-Place|Team 1|Score 1|Team 2|Score 2--> <!--Round of 16--> |3 December – [[Al Rayyan]] ([[Khalifa International Stadium|KIS]])|{{#invoke:flagg|main|unpe|avar=fb|NED}}|3|{{#invoke:flagg|main|unpe|avar=fb|USA}}|1 |3 December – [[Al Rayyan]] ([[Ahmad bin Ali Stadium|ABAS]])|{{#invoke:flagg|main|unpe|avar=fb|ARG}}|2|{{#invoke:flagg|main|unpe|avar=fb|AUS}}|1 |5 December – [[Al Wakrah]]|{{#invoke:flagg|main|unpe|avar=fb|JPN}}|1 (1)|{{#invoke:flagg|main|unpe|avar=fb|CRO}} {{pso}}|1 (3) |5 December – [[Doha]] ([[Stadium 974|S974]])|{{#invoke:flagg|main|unpe|avar=fb|BRA}}|4|{{#invoke:flagg|main|unpe|avar=fb|KOR}}|1 |4 December – [[Al Khor]]|{{#invoke:flagg|main|unpe|avar=fb|ENG}}|3|{{#invoke:flagg|main|unpe|avar=fb|SEN}}|0 |4 December – [[Doha]] ([[Al Thumama Stadium|ATS]])|{{#invoke:flagg|main|unpe|avar=fb|FRA}}|3|{{#invoke:flagg|main|unpe|avar=fb|POL}}|1 |6 December – [[Al Rayyan]] ([[Education City Stadium|ECS]])|{{#invoke:flagg|main|unpe|avar=fb|MAR}} {{pso}}|0 (3)|{{#invoke:flagg|main|unpe|avar=fb|ESP}}|0 (0) |6 December – [[Lusail]]|{{#invoke:flagg|main|unpe|avar=fb|POR}}|6|{{#invoke:flagg|main|unpe|avar=fb|SUI}}|1 <!--Quarter-finals--> |9 December – [[Lusail]]|{{#invoke:flagg|main|unpe|avar=fb|NED}}|2 (3)|{{#invoke:flagg|main|unpe|avar=fb|ARG}} {{pso}}|2 (4) |9 December – [[Al Rayyan]] ([[Education City Stadium|ECS]])|{{#invoke:flagg|main|unpe|avar=fb|CRO}} {{pso}}|1 (4)|{{#invoke:flagg|main|unpe|avar=fb|BRA}}|1 (2) |10 December – [[Al Khor]]|{{#invoke:flagg|main|unpe|avar=fb|ENG}}|1|{{#invoke:flagg|main|unpe|avar=fb|FRA}}|2 |10 December – [[Doha]] ([[Al Thumama Stadium|ATS]])|{{#invoke:flagg|main|unpe|avar=fb|MAR}}|1|{{#invoke:flagg|main|unpe|avar=fb|POR}}|0 <!--Semi-finals--> |13 December – [[Lusail]]|{{#invoke:flagg|main|unpe|avar=fb|ARG}}|3|{{#invoke:flagg|main|unpe|avar=fb|CRO}}|0 |14 December – [[Al Khor]]|{{#invoke:flagg|main|unpe|avar=fb|FRA}}|2|{{#invoke:flagg|main|unpe|avar=fb|MAR}}|0 <!--Final--> |18 December – [[Lusail]]|{{#invoke:flagg|main|unpe|avar=fb|ARG}} {{pso}}|3 (4)|{{#invoke:flagg|main|unpe|avar=fb|FRA}}|3 (2) <!--Match for third place--> |17 December – [[Al Rayyan]] ([[Khalifa International Stadium|KIS]])|{{#invoke:flagg|main|unpe|avar=fb|CRO}}|2|{{#invoke:flagg|main|unpe|avar=fb|MAR}}|1 }}<section end="Bracket" /> == टिप्पणी == <references group="upper-alpha"/> ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} == बाह्य कडीहरू == [[श्रेणी:फिफा विश्वकप प्रतियोगिताहरू]] [[श्रेणी:२०२२ फिफा विश्वकप]] f2wtzy8yep8q6eulgehmvtg9ff1oyw6 0 66387 1365876 1363334 2026-07-13T12:27:37Z पर्वत सुवेदी 31224 पर्वत सुवेदी ले [[लुइस स्वारेज]] मा पुनर्निर्देश नछोडि त्यसलाई [[लुइस सुआरेज]] मा सारेको हो 1363334 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography |name = लुई स्वारेज |image = Luis Suárez 2018.jpg |image_size = |caption = [[२०१८ फिफा विश्वकप]]मा स्वारेज |fullname = लुई आलबेर्तो स्वारेज दियास |birth_date = {{birth date and age|1987|1|24|df=y}} |birth_place = साल्तो, [[उरुग्वे]] |height = {{convert|१.८१|m|abbr=on}} |position = [[अग्रपङ्क्ति (फुटबल)|अग्रपङ्क्ति]] |currentclub = [[एफसी बार्सिलोना]] |clubnumber = ९ |youthyears1 = सन् २००३-२००५ |youthclubs1 = [[क्लुब नास्योनाल दे फुतबोल|नास्योनाल]] |years1 = सन् २००५-२००६ |clubs1 = [[क्लुब नास्योनाल डे फुतबोल|नास्योनाल]] |caps1 = २७ |goals1 = १० |years2 = सन् २००६-२००७ |clubs2 = [[एफसि ख्रोनिङेन|ख्रोनिङेन]] |caps2 = २९ |goals2 = १० |years3 = सन् २००७-२०११ |clubs3 = [[एएफसी आयाक्स]] |caps3 = ११० |goals3 = ८१ |years4 = सन् २०११-२०१४ |clubs4 = [[लिभरपुल फुटबल क्लब|लिभरपुल]] |caps4 = ११० |goals4 = ६९ |years5 = सन् २०१४–२०२० |clubs5 = [[एफसी बार्सिलोना|बार्सिलोना]] |years6 = २०२०- |clubs6 = [[एट्लेटिको म्याड्रिड|एथ्लेटिको म्याड्रिड]] |caps5 = १६३ |goals5 = १३१ |nationalyears1 = सन् २००६-२००७ |nationalteam1 = [[उरुग्वे राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली (२० वर्ष मुनी)|२० वर्ष मुनिको राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली]] |nationalcaps1 = ४ |nationalgoals1 = २ |nationalyears2 = सन् २०१२- |nationalteam2 = [[उरुग्वे राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली (२३ वर्ष मुनी)|२३ वर्ष मुनिको राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली]] |nationalcaps2 = ४ |nationalgoals2 = ३ |nationalyears3 = सन् २००७- |nationalteam3 = [[उरुग्वे राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|उरुग्वे]] |nationalcaps3 = १०६ |nationalgoals3 = ५५ |pcupdate = २० मे २०१८ |ntupdate = ६ जुलाई २०१९ }} '''लुइ आलबेर्तो स्वारेज दियास''' (जन्म २४ जनवरी १९८७) उरुग्वेली [[भकुन्डो|फुटबल]] खेलाडी हुन्। उनी [[मेजर लिग सकर]]को क्लब इन्टर मियामी र उरुग्वेको [[उरुग्वे राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|राष्ट्रिय टोली]]मा [[अग्रपङ्क्ति (फुटबल)|अग्रपङ्क्ति]]को रूपमा खेल्ने गर्दछन्। स्वारेजलाई उनको पुस्ताको एक महान खेलाडी र फुटबल इतिहासको महान अग्रपङ्क्ति खेलाडी मध्ये एक मानिन्छ। {{refn|group=note|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/ng-interactive/2013/dec/100-greatest-footballers-2013 |title=The 100 best footballers in the world 2013 – interactive |work=The Guardian |date=20 December 2013 |access-date=1 January 2014}}</ref><ref name="The New York Times">{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/06/25/sports/worldcup/apparent-bite-by-luis-suarez-mars-uruguays-victory-over-italy.html|title=Uruguay's Suárez, Known for Biting, Leaves Mark on World Cup|work=The New York Times|date=25 June 2014}}</ref><ref name="SkySports">{{cite web|url=http://www1.skysports.com/FIFA-World-Cup-2014/news/15241/9355292/uruguay-v-england-luis-suarez-proved-he-is-best-in-the-world-says-peter-taylor|title=Uruguay v England: Luis Suarez proved he is best in the world, says Peter Taylor|publisher=SkySports}}</ref><ref name="Eurosport">{{cite web|last1=Quarrell|first1=Dan|title=Why Luis Suarez is better than Lionel Messi and Cristiano Ronaldo – Cristian Rodriguez|url=http://au.eurosport.com/football/liga/2015-2016/why-luis-suarez-is-better-than-lionel-messi-and-cristiano-ronaldo-cristian-rodriguez_sto4920265/story.shtml|publisher=Eurosport|access-date=22 September 2015|date=21 September 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/ng-interactive/2016/dec/20/the-100-best-footballers-in-the-world-2016-interactive|title=The 100 best footballers in the world 2016 – interactive|date=20 December 2016|work=The Guardian}}</ref><ref name="Hitc">{{cite web |url=https://www.hitc.com/en-gb/2014/07/20/arsenal-legend-thierry-henry-luis-suarez-is-the-best-striker-in/|title=Thierry Henry considers Suarez the best striker in the world|work=Hitc|date=19 July 2014 |access-date=19 July 2014}}</ref><ref name="Marca">{{cite web |url=https://www.marca.com/en/football/barcelona/2020/09/24/5f693f8b46163fa7ad8b45f0.html/|title=Luis Suarez: The best striker in Barcelona's history|work=Marca|date=24 September 2020|access-date=24 September 2020}}</ref><ref name="Standard">{{cite web |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/sport/other-sports/fc-barcelona-luis-suarez-uruguay-best-ever-player-a4420491.html|title=Barcelona striker Luis Suarez is Uruguay's 'best ever player'|work=Standard|date=21 April 2020|access-date=15 June 2021}}</ref>}} स्वारेजले आफ्नो व्यावसायिक फुटबल खेल जीवनमा क्लब स्तरको ७ लिग, १ [[युएफा च्याम्पियन्स लिग]] र उरुग्वेको तर्फबाट [[२०११ कोपा अमेरिका]] सहित १९ वटा मुख्य उपाधिहरू जितेका छन्। सदावहार गोलकर्ता स्वारेजले दुई युरोपेली सुनौलो जुत्ता, एरिडिभिसी सुनौलो जुत्ता, एक प्रिमियर लिग सुनौलो जुत्ता र पिचिची उपाधि जितेका छन्। उनले क्लब र देशको लागि ५०० भन्दा धेरै गोल गरिसकेका छन्।<ref name="300 goals">{{cite news|title=Outrageous assist tees up Suarez's 300th|url=http://www.foxsports.com.au/football/la-liga-wrap-luis-suarez-cashes-in-on-sublime-sergi-roberto-assist-but-real-madrid-remain-top/story-e6frf423-1227589878700|agency=Fox Sports|date=1 November 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first=Chris|last=Shaw|url=http://www.liverpoolfc.com/news/announcements/285271-luis-suarez-celebrates-400-goal-landmark|title=Luis Suarez celebrates 400-goal landmark|date=24 December 2017|work=Liverpool FC|access-date=24 December 2017}}</ref> स्वारेज आफ्नो फुटबल खेल जीवन भरी विवादले घेरिएका छन्। {{refn|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2013/apr/21/luis-suarez-biting-controversy-timeline |title=Luis Suárez: 10 previous controversies involving the Liverpool striker |date=21 April 2013 |access-date=25 June 2014 |work=The Guardian}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.itv.com/worldcup/luis-suarez-a-history-of-controversy |title=Luis Suarez: a history of controversy |date=24 June 2014 |access-date=25 June 2014 |publisher=ITV (TV network) |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140709015023/http://www.itv.com/worldcup/luis-suarez-a-history-of-controversy |archive-date=9 July 2014 |df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/players/luis-suarez/10923947/Luis-Suarez-bites-Giorgio-Chiellini-Uruguay-strikers-career-flashpoints.html |title=Luis Suarez bites Giorgio Chiellini: Uruguay striker's career flashpoints |work=The Daily Telegraph |location=London |date=24 June 2014 |access-date=25 June 2014}}</ref>|group=note}} उनले तीन पटक आफ्नो विपक्षी खेलाडीलाई टोकेका थिए भने सन् २०१० को विश्वकपमा उनले गोल लाइनमा हातले बल रोकेका थिए। {{refn|<ref name="Cannibal of Ajax">{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2010/nov/22/luis-suarez-biting-otman-bakkal |title=Luis Suárez: 'The Cannibal of Ajax'? |work=The Guardian |agency=Associated Press |date=22 November 2010 |access-date=23 August 2011}}</ref><ref name="BranBite">{{cite news |last=Fifield |first=Dominic |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/blog/2013/apr/21/luis-suarez-bite |title=Luis Suárez's bite has proven again he is a liability, even at his peak |work=The Guardian |date=21 April 2013 |access-date=21 April 2013}}</ref><ref name="Menezes">{{cite news |last=De Menezes |first=Jack |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/worldcup/luis-suarez-bite-uruguay-striker-accused-of-biting-giorgio-chiellini-in-latest-controversy-during-world-cup-clash-9560650.html |title=Luis Suarez bite: Uruguay striker accused of biting Giorgio Chiellini in latest controversy during World Cup clash |work=The Independent |date=24 June 2014 |access-date=24 June 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Borden |first=Sam |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/06/25/sports/worldcup/apparent-bite-by-luis-suarez-mars-uruguays-victory-over-italy.html |title=Uruguay's Suárez, Known for Biting, Leaves Mark on World Cup |date=25 June 2014 |access-date=25 June 2014 |work=New York Times}}</ref>|group=note}} स्वारेजलाई मैदानमा लडेको नाटक गर्ने आरोप लाग्ने गरेको छ र यो कुरा उनले स्वीकार गरेका छन्।<ref name="doeshedive" /><ref name="admitdiving">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/21064709|title=Luis Suarez diving: Liverpool boss Brendan Rodgers reveals anger|access-date=19 January 2013|publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> सन् २०११ मा फुटबल सङ्गठनले उनलाई पेत्रिस इभ्रालाई जातीय दुर्ववहार गरेकोमा दोषी पाइएको थियो भने यो निर्णयमा स्वारेजले विवाद गरेका थिए। ==प्रारम्भिक जीवन== ==क्लब खेल जीवन== [[File:Luis Suarez FCB 2014.jpg|100px|thumb|बार्सिलोनाबाट फुटबल खेल्दै स्वारेज|center]] स्वारेज हाल विश्व चर्चित फुटबल क्लब एथ्लेटिको म्याड्रिडबाट व्यावसायिक फुटबल खेल्ने गर्दछन्। यस अघि उनी बार्सिलोनाका एक महत्त्वपूर्ण अग्रपङ्क्ति खेलाडी थिए। ==बार्सिलोना== ===हस्ताक्षर र निलम्बन === [[चित्र:Luis Suarez FCB 2014.jpg|thumb|200px|स्वारेजले बार्सिलोनाको लागि पहिलो खेलमा क्लब लियोन विरुद्ध सन् २०१४ अगस्टमा खेल खेलेका थिए।]] सन् २०१४ जुलाई ११ का दिन स्वारेजले गोप्य स्थानान्तरण मूल्यमा बार्सिलोनासँग पाँच वर्षे सम्झौता पत्रमा हस्ताक्षर गरेका थिए। <ref>{{cite press release|url=http://www.fcbarcelona.com/football/first-team/detail/article/fc-barcelona-and-liverpool-fc-have-reached-an-agreement-for-the-transfer-of-luis-suarez|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140712034551/http://www.fcbarcelona.com/football/first-team/detail/article/fc-barcelona-and-liverpool-fc-have-reached-an-agreement-for-the-transfer-of-luis-suarez|title=FC Barcelona and Liverpool FC have reached an agreement for the transfer of Luis Suárez|date=11 July 2014|access-date=15 July 2017|archive-date=12 July 2014|publisher=F.C. Barcelona}}</ref> यद्यपि फुटबल लिकद्वारा सार्वजनिक गरिएको कागजात अनुसार मुल्य £६४.९८&nbsp;मिलियन (€८२.३&nbsp;मिलियन) थियो। यसबाट उनी विश्व फुटबल इतिहासमा [[सबैभन्दा महँगो फुटबल स्थानान्तरणहरूको सूची|सबैभन्दा मूल्यवान खेलाडी]] मध्ये एक बनेका थिए।<ref name="Revealed: How much Luis Suarez really cost Barcelona">{{cite news|title=Revealed: How much Luis Suarez really cost Barcelona|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/football/2016/03/28/revealed-how-much-luis-suarez-really-cost-barcelona/|date=28 March 2016|newspaper=The Daily Telegraph|access-date=24 August 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/sport/football/news/luis-suarezs-barcelona-transfer-fee-7641002 |title=Luis Suarez's Barcelona transfer fee "revealed as £65m" – £10m LESS than his Liverpool release clause|date=28 March 2016|work=Mirror|access-date=29 August 2016|author=Whaling, James}}</ref> ''बार्सा''ले सन् २०१४-१५ संस्करणमा स्वारेजले ९ नम्बरको खेल पोशाक लगाउने कुरा पक्का गरेको थियो। <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fcbarcelona.com/football/first-team/detail/article/luis-suarez-el-9-del-barca|title=Luis Suárez, FC Barcelona's number 9|date=11 July 2014|publisher=FC Barcelona|access-date=12 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140712034428/http://www.fcbarcelona.com/football/first-team/detail/article/luis-suarez-el-9-del-barca|archive-date=12 July 2014}}</ref> [[२०१४ फिफा विश्वकप]]मा इटालीका खेलाडी [[जर्जो किएलिनी]]लाई टोकेकोमा उनलाई दोषी पाएकाले स्वारेजले उक्त संस्करणको पहिलो भाग छुटाएका थिए। <ref name="FIFABan">{{cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/news/y=2014/m=6/news=luis-suarez-suspended-for-nine-matches-and-banned-for-four-months-from-2386354.html |title=Luis Suárez suspended for nine matches and banned for four months from any football-related activity |publisher=FIFA |date=26 June 2014 |access-date=30 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140703172739/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/news/y%3D2014/m%3D6/news%3Dluis-suarez-suspended-for-nine-matches-and-banned-for-four-months-from-2386354.html |archive-date= 3 July 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="Ban2014">{{cite news |last=De Menezes |first=Jack |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/worldcup/luis-suarez-banned-fifa-hand-striker-record-ninegame-ban-and-a-four-month-football-ban-for-biting-giorgio-chiellini-in-biggest-ever-world-cup-suspension-9565686.html |title=Luis Suarez banned: Fifa hand striker record nine-game ban AND a four month football ban for biting Giorgio Chiellini in biggest ever World Cup suspension |date=26 June 2014 |access-date=26 June 2014 |work=The Independent}}</ref> उनको निलम्बनको हिस्साको रूपमा उनलाई बार्सिलोनामा प्रशिक्षण सहित (२६ अक्टोबर सम्म) सबै प्रकारको "फुटबल सम्बन्धी गतिविधि" बाट प्रतिबन्ध गरिएको थियो। उनलाई सो अवधिमा दर्शकको रूपमा रङ्गशालामा प्रवेश गर्न पनि प्रतिबन्ध लगाइएको थियो।<ref name="FIFABan"/><ref name="Ban2014"/> २४ जुलाईमा स्वारेज र उनका वकिलले खेलकुदको मध्यस्तकर्ता न्यायलयमा अपिल दायर गरेपछि उनको प्रतिबन्ध छोट्ट्याउन वा निलम्बन हटाउन आग्रह गरिएको थियो।<ref name="cas">{{cite news |publisher=Court of Arbitration for Sport |title=FOOTBALL – Decision in the Luis Suarez case |url=http://www.tas-cas.org/d2wfiles/document/4201/5048/0/Media20Release20366520(English)201420082014.pdf |access-date=14 August 2014 |date=14 August 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140821081809/http://www.tas-cas.org/d2wfiles/document/4201/5048/0/Media20Release20366520%28English%29201420082014.pdf |archive-date=21 August 2014 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140821081809/http://www.tas-cas.org/d2wfiles/document/4201/5048/0/Media20Release20366520%28English%29201420082014.pdf |date=21 August 2014 }}</ref> ८ अगस्ट मा स्विट्जरल्यान्डको लाउसानेमा उनको पक्षको सुनुवाई भएको थियो। <ref name="cas2">{{cite news |publisher=Court of Arbitration for Sport |title=CAS hears the appeal of Luis Suarez |url=http://www.tas-cas.org/d2wfiles/document/4201/5048/0/Media20Release20366520(English)201420082014.pdf |access-date=8 August 2014 |date=8 August 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140821081809/http://www.tas-cas.org/d2wfiles/document/4201/5048/0/Media20Release20366520%28English%29201420082014.pdf |archive-date=21 August 2014 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140821081809/http://www.tas-cas.org/d2wfiles/document/4201/5048/0/Media20Release20366520%28English%29201420082014.pdf |date=21 August 2014 }}</ref> ६ दिन पछि खेलकुद न्यायलयले फिफाद्वारा स्वारेज माथि गरिएको ४ महिना खेलबाट निलम्बन र ९ अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय खेलको प्रतिबन्धलाई अनुमोदन गरेको थियो। यद्यपि खेलकुद न्यायलयले खेलाडीको "फुटबल सम्बन्धी गतिबिधी"को प्रतिबन्ध हटाएपछि उनलाई बार्सिलोनामा प्रशिक्षण गर्न अनुमति दिएको थियो। यो प्रतिबन्धको कारण स्वारेज [[२०१५ कोपा अमेरिका]]मा सहभागी हुन प्रतिबन्धित भएका थिए। खेलकुद मध्यस्थता न्यायलयले स्वारेजलाई मैत्रीपूर्ण खेलमा सहभागी हुन अनुमति दिएपछि उनले १८ अगस्टमा [[क्याम्प नउ|क्याम्प नाउ]]मा क्लब लियोन विरुद्ध बार्सिलोनाको लागि पहिलो खेल खेलेका थिए। उनी राफिन्याको स्थानमा प्रवेश गर्दै अन्तिम १४ मिनेट खेलेका थिए। स्वारेज मैदान प्रवेश गर्दा सहकर्मी खेलाडी [[लियोनेल मेसी]] र [[नेयमार]]लाई प्रतिस्थापन गरिइसकेको थियो। <ref>{{cite news|last1=Lowe|first1=Sid|title=Luis Suárez finally makes Barcelona bow as substitute against León|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2014/aug/18/luis-suarez-barcelona-debut|access-date=23 August 2014|work=The Guardian|date=18 August 2014}}</ref> ====सन् २०१४-१५: एमएसएन त्रीमुर्ती र ट्रिबल विजेता ==== स्वारेजले बार्सिलोनाको प्रतिस्पर्धा खेलमा अक्टोबरमा २५ का दिन लियोनेल मेसी र नेयमार सँगै [[एल क्लासिको]]मा [[रियल म्याड्रिड]] विरुद्ध प्रवेश गरेका थिए। <ref name="Clasico"/> उनले खेलको चौँथो मिनेटमा सुरुवाती गोलको लागि उनले नेयमारलाई सहायता प्रदान गरेका थिए। दोस्रो हाफमा स्वारेजलाई प्रतिस्थापन गरिएपछि बार्सिलोना त्यस खेलमा ३-१ ले पराजित भएको थियो। <ref name="Clasico">{{cite news|last1=Sanghera|first1=Mandeep|title=Real Madrid 3–1 Barcelona|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/29541443|access-date=25 October 2014|work=BBC Sport|date=25 October 2014}}</ref> क्लबको लागि उनले पहिलो गोल २६ नोभेम्बरमा अपोएल एफसी विरुद्ध च्याम्पियन्स लिगको समूह चरणको खेलमा गरेका थिए। त्यो खेल बार्सिलोनाले ४-० ले जितेको थियो। <ref>{{cite news|last1=Papantonopoulou|first1=Vassiliki|title=Record-breaker Messi leads Barça stroll at APOEL|url=http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/season=2015/matches/round=2000548/match=2014381/postmatch/report/index.html#messi+shoots+down+apoel|access-date=26 November 2014|publisher=UEFA|date=25 November 2014}}</ref> २० डिसेम्बरमा उनको ला लिगाको आठौँ खेलमा उनले क्लबको लागि पहिलो लिग गोल गरेका थिए। कोर्दोवा विरुद्धको खेलमा बार्सिलोना ५-० ले विजयी भएको थियो।<ref>{{cite news|title=Barcelona 5–0 Córdoba|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/30483708|access-date=21 December 2014|work=BBC Sport|date=20 December 2014}}</ref> [[चित्र:Barcelona fans - Champions league 2015 Berlin.JPG|thumb|left|बर्लिनमा हुने सन् २०१५ युएफा च्याम्पियन्स लिगको अगाडि आक्रमक त्रिमुर्ती मेसी, स्वारेज र नेयमारको तस्वीर प्रदर्शन गर्दै बार्सिलोना समर्थकहरू]] स्वारेजले बार्सिलोनामा पहिलो संस्करणको सबै खाले प्रतियोगितामा २५ गोल र गोल गर्नका लागि २० सहयोग गरि अन्त्य गरेका थिए।<ref name="Luis Suárez">{{cite news|url=http://www.goal.com/en-us/people/uruguay/16639/luis-su%C3%A1rez|title=Luis Suárez|access-date=7 June 2015|work=Goal.com}}</ref> बार्सिलोनाले ला लिगा कोपा देल रे र च्याम्पियन्स लिग ट्रिबल जितेको यो दोस्रोपटक थियो। बार्सिलोनाको आक्रमक त्रिमुर्ती मेसी, स्वारेज र नेयमार छोटकरीमा "एमएसएन" ले १२२ गोल गरि स्पेनीी फुटबल इतिहासकै आक्रमक त्रिमुर्तीले एकै संस्करणमा गरेको सर्वाधिक गोलको कीर्तिमान बनाएको थियो। <ref name="MSN record">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2015/jun/06/barcelona-luis-suarez-lionel-messi-juventus-champions-league-final|title=Barcelona's Luis Suárez, Leo Messi and Neymar too good for Juventus|date=6 June 2015|work=The Guardian}}</ref> === एथ्लेटिको म्याड्रिड === === इन्टर मियामी === == अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय खेल जीवन == स्वरेजलाई सन् २००७ को २० वर्ष मुनिको फिफा विश्व कपको छनोट चरण खेल्नको लागि बोलाइएको थियो तर उनको क्लबले उनलाई खेल्न पठाएको थिएन। तैपनी उनले यो प्रतियोगिताको चार खेलमा दुई गोल गरेका थिए।<ref name="FIFA stats">{{cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/statisticsandrecords/players/player=270775/index.html|title=Luis SUAREZ|work=FIFA.com|access-date=21 August 2011}}</ref> उनले स्पेन विरुद्ध बराबरी गोल गरेका थिए<ref name="Bell">{{cite news|url=http://goal.blogs.nytimes.com/2007/07/09/u-20s-usa-vs-uruguay-the-preview/|title=U-20s: USA vs. Uruguay – the Preview|last=Bell|first=Jack|date=9 July 2007|work=NYTimes.com|access-date=27 August 2011|publisher=The New York Times Company}}</ref> र अमेरिका विरुद्ध एक गोल गरेतापनि अमेरिका २-१ गोलले विजयी भएको थियो र उरुग्वे प्रतियोगिताबाट बाहिएको थियो। <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/tournaments/archive/u20worldcup/canada2007/results/match=58881/report.html|title=Match 38 – USA – Uruguay|date=11 July 2007|work=FIFA.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727235251/http://www.fifa.com/tournaments/archive/u20worldcup/canada2007/results/match%3D58881/report.html|archive-date=27 July 2011|access-date=27 August 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> स्वारेजले वरिष्ठ टोलीमा सन् २२०७ फेब्रुअरी ८ का दिन प्रवेश गरेका थिए। कोलम्बिया विरुद्धको खेलमा उरुग्वे ३-१ ले विजयी भएको थियो। खेलको ८५औँ मिनेटमा दोस्रोपटक पहेँलो कार्ड पाएर उनले मैदान छाडेका थिए। स्वारेजले सन् २०१० को विश्व कप छनोटको २० मध्ये १९ खेल र इन्टर कन्फिडिरेसन प्ले अफको खेलमा पाँच गोल गरेका थिए।<ref name="FIFA stats" /> [[चित्र:Suárez_Forlan_(cropped).jpg|thumb|स्वारेज र [[डिएगो फोर्लान]]]] === सन् २०१० फिफा विश्वकप === सन् २०१० जुनमा उरुग्वेका प्रशिक्षक ओस्कार तेबारेजले उरुग्वेको विश्वकप टोलीमा स्वारेजको नाम छनोट गरेका थिए। <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/southafrica2010/news/newsid=1222732/|title=Tabarez trims Uruguay team to 23|date=1 June 2010|work=FIFA.com|access-date=21 August 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140316003930/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/southafrica2010/news/newsid%3D1222732/|archive-date=16 March 2014|agency=Press Association|url-status=dead}}</ref> उरुग्वेले फ्रान्स विरुद्ध ०-० खेल्दै प्रतियोगिता सुरु गरेको थियो।<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/southafrica2010/matches/round=249722/match=300061453/index.html|title=Uruguay draw a blank|date=11 June 2010|work=FIFA.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110813203358/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/southafrica2010/matches/round%3D249722/match%3D300061453/index.html|archive-date=13 August 2011|access-date=23 August 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> दोस्रो खेलमा दक्षिण अफ्रिका विरुद्ध ३-० को जितमा स्वारेजले पेनाल्टी मार्फत एक गोल र [[एल्भारो पेरेरा]]लाई थप समयमा एक गोलको सहायता गरेका थिए।<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/southafrica2010/matches/round=249722/match=300061452/summary.html|title=Forlan silences South Africa|date=16 June 2010|work=FIFA.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727000851/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/southafrica2010/matches/round%3D249722/match%3D300061452/summary.html|archive-date=27 July 2011|access-date=23 August 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> समूह चरणको अन्तिमा खेलमा मेक्सिको विरुद्धको १-० जितमा [[एडिनसन काभानी]]को पासमा हेड गर्दै गोल गरेका स्वारेज खेलको उत्कृष्ट खेलाडी घोषित भएका थिए।<ref name="FIFA Uru-Mex">{{cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/southafrica2010/matches/round=249722/match=300061450/summary.html|title=Uruguay edge Mexico, both advance|date=22 June 2010|work=FIFA.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110808144502/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/southafrica2010/matches/round%3D249722/match%3D300061450/summary.html|archive-date=8 August 2011|access-date=23 August 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Hassan">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/world_cup_2010/matches/match_33/default.stm|title=Mexico 0–1 Uruguay|last=Hassan|first=Nabil|date=22 June 2010|access-date=28 June 2010|publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> उरुग्वे समूह क को विजेता बनी नक आउट चरणमा पुगेको थियो <ref name="FIFA Uru-Mex" /><ref name="Hassan" /> अन्तिम १६ मा [[दक्षिण कोरिया राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|दक्षिण कोरिया]] विरुद्धको खेलमा २-१ को जितमा स्वारेजले दुवै गोल गरेका थिए। बराबरीमा चलिरहेको खेलको उनले ८०औँ मिनेटमा रक्षापङ्क्तिका खेलाडीहरूलाई छलाएर गोल गर्दै टोलीलाई अग्रता दिलाएका थिए।<ref name="FIFA Uru-Kor">{{cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/southafrica2010/matches/round=249717/match=300061504/summary.html|title=Suarez double downs South Koreans|date=26 June 2010|work=FIFA.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110830110424/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/southafrica2010/matches/round%3D249717/match%3D300061504/summary.html|archive-date=30 August 2011|access-date=23 August 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> स्वारेज यस खेलको उत्कृष्ट खेलाडी बनेका थिए।<ref name="FIFA Uru-Kor" /> यो जितले उरुग्वे १९७० पछि पहिलो पटक क्वाटर फाइनलमा प्रवेश गरेको थियो। <ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/world_cup_2010/matches/match_49/default.stm|title=Uruguay 2–1 South Korea|last=Chowdhury|first=Saj|date=26 June 2010|access-date=28 June 2010|publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> [[घाना राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|घाना]] विरुद्धको क्वाटर फाइनलको खेलमा नियमित समयको खेल १-१ को बराबरीमा टुङ्गिएको खेलमा समय थप गरिएको थियो। थप समयको उत्तरार्ध तिर घानाको [[फ्रि किक]] प्रहारलाई स्वेरजले गोल लाइनमा छेकेका थिए। <ref name="FIFA Uru-Gha">{{cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/southafrica2010/matches/round=249718/match=300061508/summary.html|title=Ghana pay the penalty|date=2 July 2010|work=FIFA.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811165311/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/southafrica2010/matches/round%3D249718/match%3D300061508/summary.html|archive-date=11 August 2011|access-date=23 August 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> उनले त्यस पछिको डोमिनिक अडियाहको हेडरलाई हातले छेकेर व्यवसायिक फल गरेर आफ्नो टोलीलाई जिताएका थिए।<ref name="Hand of God">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/world_cup_2010/8785140.stm|title=World Cup 2010: I have hand of God – Uruguay's Suarez|date=3 July 2010|work=BBC Sport|access-date=24 August 2011}}</ref> उनको यो हर्कतबाट उनलाई [[रेड कार्ड]] दिइएपछि उनले मैदान छाडेका थिए। <ref name="FIFA Uru-Gha" /> खेलबाट बाहिरिएर भित्र छिर्दै गर्दा पेनाल्टी प्रहार हेर्न रोकिएका स्वारेज [[पेनाल्टी]]मा गोल नभएपछि खुसी मनाएका थिए।<ref name="Marcus">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/07/03/sports/soccer/03ghanagame.html|title=Uruguay Trades Penalty for Chance at Victory|last=Marcus|first=Jeffrey|date=2 July 2010|work=The New York Times|access-date=23 August 2011}}</ref><ref name="reuters">{{cite news|url=http://in.reuters.com/article/idINIndia-49856120100703|title=I had no choice but to handle says Uruguay's Suarez|last=MacSwan|first=Angus|date=3 July 2010|access-date=3 July 2010|publisher=Reuters}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100705005019/http://in.reuters.com/article/idINIndia-49856120100703 |date=5 July 2010 }}</ref> उरुग्वेले [[पेनाल्टी-सुटआउट|पेनाल्टी सुटआउट]] ४-२ गोल अन्तरले जित्न सफल हुँदै सेमिफाइनल पुगेको थियो। <ref name="FIFA Uru-Gha" /><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/teams/uruguay/7869796/World-Cup-2010-Uruguay-striker-Luis-Suarez-says-it-was-Hand-of-God-against-Ghana.html|title=World Cup 2010: Uruguay striker Luis Suarez says it was 'Hand of God' against Ghana|date=3 July 2010|work=The Telegraph|access-date=3 July 2017|author=Telegraph staff and agencies}}</ref> खेल पछि स्वारेजले भनेका थिए, "मैले प्रतियोगिता कै उत्कृष्ट बचाउ गरेँ।"<ref name="Hand of God" /> उनले उनीसँग "विकल्प नभएको, आफू स्वाभाविक प्रवृत्ति भन्दा बाहिर भएको र यदि यसले आफ्नो टोलीलाई जिताउँछ भने यो फेरी गर्ने" बताएका थिए।<ref name="Doward">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2010/jul/04/luis-suarez-world-cup-villian-hand-of-god|title=Luis Suarez is new World Cup villain after 'hand of God' claim|last=Doward|first=Jamie|date=4 July 2010|work=guardian.co.uk|access-date=24 August 2011}}</ref> घानाको मुख्य प्रशिक्षाक मिलोभान राजेभाकले खेल "अन्यायपूर्ण" भएको बताउँदै<ref name="Marcus" /> उनले स्वारेजलाई खलनायक र धोकेवाजको सङ्ज्ञा दिएका थिए।<ref name="Jim White">{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/competitions/world-cup-2010/7870325/World-Cup-2010-why-cant-football-tackle-cheats.html|title=World Cup 2010: why can't football tackle cheats?|last=White|first=Jim|date=4 July 2010|work=The Telegraph|access-date=28 August 2011|publisher=Telegraph Media Group}}</ref><ref name="Doward" /> अन्यले उनलाई नायकको नजरले हेरेका थिए।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://en.mercopress.com/2010/07/14/a-country-full-of-gratitude-defies-freezing-weather-to-honour-uruguay-s-soccer-team|title=A country full of gratitude defies freezing weather to honour Uruguay's soccer team|date=14 July 2010|access-date=24 August 2011|agency=MercoPress}}</ref> [[पेनाल्टी कार्ड|रातो कार्ड]] पाए पछि उनले स्वत: अर्को सेमिफाइनल खेल गुमाएका थिए।<ref name="Jim White" /> घाना विरुद्धको खेलमा रातो कार्ड पाएकाले स्वारेज सेमिफाइनल खेलका लागि निशकाशित भएका थिए।<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/07/04/sports/soccer/04goal.html?scp=7&sq=Suarez+world+cup&st=nyt|title=Uruguay Star Won't Face Additional Sanctions for Handball|date=3 July 2010|work=The New York Times|access-date=23 August 2011|agency=Associated Press}}</ref> [[नेदरल्यान्ड राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|नेदरल्यान्ड]] विरुद्धको सेमिफाइनलमा उनको अभाव प्रष्ट देखिन्थ्यो <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/07/07/sports/soccer/07netherlandsside.html|title=Leader and Scorer, Yet Not a Finalist|last=Hughes|first=Rob|date=6 July 2010|work=NYTimes.com|access-date=23 August 2011|publisher=The New York Times Company}}</ref> भने उरुग्वे ३-२ गोल अन्तरले पराजित भएको थियो।<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/southafrica2010/matches/round=249719/match=300061512/index.html|title=Oranje edge five-goal thriller|date=6 July 2010|publisher=FIFA.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110829052832/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/southafrica2010/matches/round%3D249719/match%3D300061512/index.html|archive-date=29 August 2011|access-date=23 August 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/07/07/sports/soccer/07netherlandsgame.html|title=Netherlands 3, Uruguay 2: A Flick of the Head, a Nod to the Past|last=Clarey|first=Christopher|date=6 July 2010|work=The New York Times|access-date=23 August 2011}}</ref> जर्मनी विरुद्धको तेस्रो स्थानको खेलमा स्वारेज खेलमा फर्किएका थिए। <ref name="CNN 3rd place game">{{cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2010/SPORT/football/07/10/world.cup.uruguay.germany/index.html|title=Khedira's late winner gives Germany third place at World Cup|date=10 July 2010|access-date=21 August 2011|publisher=CNN}}</ref> उनले काभानीलाई उरुग्वेको पहिलो गोलका लागि सहायता गरेतापनि<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/southafrica2010/matches/round=249720/match=300061510/summary.html|title=Germany pip Uruguay to third place|date=10 July 2010|work=FIFA.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120425005150/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/southafrica2010/matches/round%3D249720/match%3D300061510/summary.html|archive-date=25 April 2012|access-date=23 August 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> उरुग्वे ३-२ गोल अन्तरले पराजित भएको थियो। <ref name="CNN 3rd place game"/> प्रतियोगिता भरी स्वेरजले ६ खेलमा ५४३ मिनेट खेल्दै तीन गोल गरेका थिए। <ref name="9 Suarez overview">{{cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/southafrica2010/players/player=270775/index.html|title=9 Luis SUAREZ|work=FIFA.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110519100547/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/southafrica2010/players/player%3D270775/index.html|archive-date=19 May 2011|access-date=21 August 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> ===सन् २०११ कोपा अमेरिका === [[चित्र:Luis Suarez - CA2011 mvp award (cropped).jpg|thumb|upright|[[२०११ कोपा अमेरिका]] फुटबलमा स्वारेज सर्वोत्कृष्ट खेलाडी घोषित भएका थिए]] [[२०११ कोपा अमेरिका]]मा उरुवेको पहिलो खेलमा स्वारेजले [[पेरू राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|पेरु]] विरुद्धको खेलमा १ गोल गरेर उरुग्वेलाई अग्रता दिलाएका थिए। त्यो खेल १-१ को बराबरीमा सकिएको थियो। <ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.nytimes.com/2011/07/05/sports/soccer/uruguay-rallies-to-tie-peru-in-copa-america.html |title= Uruguay Rallies to Tie Peru in Copa América |work=NYTimes.com|publisher= The New York Times Company|agency= Associated Press |date= 4 July 2011 |access-date=26 August 2011}}</ref> अर्को खेलमा उनलेे अल्भारो परेेेरालाई चिली विरुद्धको १-१ बराबरीको लागि गोल गर्न सहायता गरेका थिए<ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.sbnation.com/soccer/2011/7/8/2266977/copa-america-2011-uruguay-vs-chile-final-score-alexis-sanchez-draw|title=Copa America 2011: Uruguay Vs. Chile: Uruguay And Chile Settle For 1-1 Draw |work=SBNation|publisher=SBNation|date= 8 July 2011 |access-date=8 July 2011}}</ref> उरुग्वे समूहमा दोस्रो हुँदै नकआउट चरणमा प्रवेश गरेको थियो। <ref>{{cite news |url= http://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/liverpool-fc/liverpool-fc-news/2011/07/13/liverpool-fc-striker-luis-suarez-helps-uruguay-reach-quarter-finals-of-copa-america-cup-with-1-0-win-over-mexico-100252-29044548/#ixzz1WCLYCjBE |title= Liverpool FC striker Luis Suarez helps Uruguay reach quarter-finals of Copa America Cup with 1–0 win over Mexico|publisher=Trinity Mirror |first= Paul |last=Snowdon |work= Liverpool Echo |date= 13 July 2011 |access-date=26 August 2011}}</ref> उसले [[मेक्सिको राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|मेेकसिको]]संँग १-० को जित र पेरु र [[चिली राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|चिली]]सँग बराबरीमा खेलमा टोलीको तर्फबाट खेलेका थिए।<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.ca2011.com/selecoes_jogos.php?idS=c20ad4d76fe97759aa27a0c99bff6710 |title= Uruguay Matches |publisher= Copa América 2011 |work= CA2011.com |year= 2011 |access-date= 26 August 2011 |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20121107004226/http://www.ca2011.com/selecoes_jogos.php?idS=c20ad4d76fe97759aa27a0c99bff6710 |archive-date= 7 November 2012 |df= dmy-all }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121107004226/http://www.ca2011.com/selecoes_jogos.php?idS=c20ad4d76fe97759aa27a0c99bff6710 |date=7 November 2012 }}</ref> क्वाटरफाइनलमा उरुग्वेले आयोजक [[अर्जेन्टिना राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|अर्जेन्टिनासँग]] नियमित समय र थप समयसम्म १-१ को बराबरी खेलेेको थियो। उरुग्वेले पेनाल्टी सुटआउट ५-४ गोल अन्तरले खेल जितेको थियो। <ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.ca2011.com/jogos_tabela.php?idJ=7f1171a78ce0780a2142a6eb7bc4f3c8 |title= Matches: Argentina v Uruguay |publisher= Copa América 2011 |work= CA2011.com |date= 16 July 2011 |access-date= 26 August 2011 |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110826032140/http://www.ca2011.com/jogos_tabela.php?idJ=7f1171a78ce0780a2142a6eb7bc4f3c8 |archive-date= 26 August 2011 |df= dmy-all }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110826032140/http://www.ca2011.com/jogos_tabela.php?idJ=7f1171a78ce0780a2142a6eb7bc4f3c8 |date=26 August 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Fanning|first=Evan|date=16 July 2011|title=Argentina v Uruguay – as it happened {{!}} Evan Fanning|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2011/jul/16/argentina-uruguay-live-copa-america|access-date=27 May 2020|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> स्वारेजलेे सेमिफाइनलमा पेरु विरुद्धको २-० को जितमा दुवै गोल गर्दै खेलको उत्कृष्ट खेलाडी बनेका थिए।<ref>{{cite web|title=Suarez sends Uruguay through|url=https://www.fifa.com/confederationscup/news/newsid=1478029/index.html|date=20 July 2011|work=FIFA.com|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110818045844/http://www.fifa.com/confederationscup/news/newsid=1478029/index.html|archive-date=18 August 2011|access-date=26 August 2011}}</ref> फाइनलमा स्वारेजले सुरुवाती गोल गर्दै र [[डिएगो फोर्लान]]लाई दोस्रो गोललाई सहायता गरेका थिए। उरुग्वेले पारग्वेलाई ३-० ले हराएर किर्तिमानी १५ कोपा अमेरिका उपाधी जितेको थियो। <ref name="CopaAmerica">{{cite news|date=24 July 2011|title=Luis Suárez and Diego Forlán shoot Uruguay to record 15th Copa América|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2011/jul/24/uruguay-paraguay-copa-america|url-status=live|access-date=27 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131109223201/https://www.theguardian.com/football/2011/jul/24/uruguay-paraguay-copa-america|archive-date=9 November 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=24 July 2011|title=Diego Forlan leads Uruguay to Copa America victory|work=BBC Sport|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/14270152|access-date=27 May 2020}}</ref> स्वारेजले ४ गोल गर्दै <!-- Shootout goals don't count for total goals --> र दुई सहायता गरेका थिए। उनी प्रतियोगिताको सर्वोत्कृष्ट खेलाडी घोषित भएका थिए। <ref name="CopaAmerica"/><ref>{{Cite web|title=Suarez voted Player of Tournament at Copa America|url=http://en.people.cn/90001/90779/90871/7450624.html|date=25 July 2011|website=en.people.cn|access-date=27 May 2020}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210625020336/http://en.people.cn/90001/90779/90871/7450624.html |date=25 June 2021 }}</ref> ===२०१४ फिफा विश्व कप, टोकाइको तेस्रो घटना === [[File:FIFA World Cup 2014 - Uruguay 2 - England 1 - 140619-6454-jikatu (14282608880).jpg|thumb|left|२०१४ फिफा विश्व कपमा इंल्यान्ड विरुद्ध दुई गोल मध्ये एक गोलको खुसी मनाउँदै स्वारेज (बीचमा) ]] स्वारेज २०१४ विश्व कपको दक्षिण अमेरिकी छनोट अभियानमा सर्वाधिक गोलकर्ता भए। उनले १४ खेलमा ११ गोल गरेका थिए। <ref>{{cite news|title=Top scorers|work=FIFA|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/preliminaries/southamerica/statistics/topscorers.html|url-status=dead|access-date=15 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131016201108/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/preliminaries/southamerica/statistics/topscorers.html|archive-date=16 October 2013}}</ref> २०१३ नोबेम्बरमा एएफसी-कोन्मेबोल प्ले अफमा, उरुग्वेले जोर्डनलाई ५-० पराजित गरि [[२०१४ फिफा विश्वकप|२०१४ फिफा विश्व कप]]मा छनोट भयो।<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/25027589|title=World Cup 2014: Uruguay clinch final spot with Jordan win|date=21 November 2013|access-date=6 December 2013|work=BBC}}</ref> मे २२ मा, स्वारेजले आफ्नो बायाँ घुँडाको शल्यक्रिया गराउनु पर्यो। केही समयको लागि उनी व्हिलचेयरमा सिमित भए। यसबाट उनी विश्वकपमा सहभागी हुन नहुने बारे अडकलबाजी सुरु भयो। <ref>{{cite web|title=England's World Cup all but over as they lose to Uruguay|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/world-cup/10913384/Englands-World-Cup-all-but-over-as-they-lose-to-Uruguay.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/world-cup/10913384/Englands-World-Cup-all-but-over-as-they-lose-to-Uruguay.html |archive-date=11 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|publisher=The Telegraph|access-date=19 June 2014|date=19 June 2014}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2014/may/22/luis-suarez-world-cup-doubt-uruguay-knee-operation|title=Uruguay confident Luis Suárez will make World Cup despite knee surgery|work=The Guardian|location=United Kingdom|access-date=20 June 2014|date=22 May 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espn.co.uk/football/sport/story/310345.html|title=Missing World Cup would kill Suarez – Gerrard|publisher=ESPN|access-date=20 June 2014|date=25 May 2014}}{{Dead link|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> [[कोस्टारिका राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|कोस्टा रिका]] विरुद्धको उरुग्वेको पहिलो खेलमा उनी सब्स्टिच्युट थिए, तर खेल खेलेनन्। त्यो खेलमा उरुग्वे ३-१ ले पराजित भयो। स्वारेजले इंल्यान्ड विरुद्धको उरुग्वेको दोस्रो खेलबाट सुरुवात गरे। साउ पाउलोको एरिना कोरिन्थियन्स मैदानमा भएको खेलमा २-१ को जितमा स्वारेजले दुवै गोल गरे। <ref>{{cite news|last=Phil|first=McNulty|date=19 June 2014|title=World Cup 2014: Uruguay 2–1 England|work=BBC Sport|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/25285176|access-date=15 May 2020}}</ref> {{Quote box|width=27%|align=right|quote="These are just things that happen out on the pitch. It was just the two of us inside the area and he bumped into me with his shoulder and that's how my eye got like this as well. There are things that happen on the pitch and you should not make such a big deal out of them."|source=— Suárez's post-match interview against Italy, 24 June 2014.<ref>{{cite web|title=Suarez claims 'these things happen' in biting row|url=http://www.espn.co.uk/football/sport/story/318665.html|publisher=[[ESPN]]|access-date=27 June 2014}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140625062825/http://www.espn.co.uk/football/sport/story/318665.html |date=25 June 2014 }}</ref>}} {{Quote box|width=27%|align=right|quote="... I lost my balance ... falling on top of my opponent ... I hit my face against [Chiellini], leaving a small bruise on my cheek and a strong pain in my teeth."|source=— Suárez's defence to the FIFA Disciplinary Committee, 25 June.<ref name="lostbalance"/>}} {{Quote box|width=27%|align=right|quote="... the truth is that my colleague Giorgio Chiellini suffered the physical result of a bite in the collision he suffered with me ... I apologize to Giorgio Chiellini and the entire football family. I vow to the public that there will never again be another incident like [this]."|source=— Suárez on 30 June 2014.<ref name="Suarez apology Twitter"/>}} == अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय गोल == {{updated|८ जुन २०२१ |<ref name="NFT">{{NFT player|id=20658|name=लुई स्वारेज|accessdate=5 April 2018}}</ref>}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+ राष्ट्रिय टोलीमा वर्ष अनुसार खेल र गोल |- !राष्ट्रिय टोली!!वर्ष!!खेल!!गोल |- |rowspan=14|[[उरुग्वे राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|उरुग्वे]] |सन् २००७||६||२ |- |सन् २००८||१०||४ |- |सन् २००९||१२||३ |- |सन् २०१०||११||७ |- |सन् २०११||१३||१० |- |सन् २०१२||८||४ |- |सन् २०१३||१६||९ |- |सन् २०१४||६||५ |- |सन् २०१६||८||३ |- |सन् २०१७||५||२ |- |सन् २०१८||११||६ |- |सन् २०१९||७||४ |- |सन् २०२०||३||४ |- |सन् २०२१||२||० |- !colspan=2|कुल!!११८!!६३ |} ==जितेका उपाधिहरू== == सम्मान तथा पुरस्कारहरू == '''लिभरपुल ''' * फुटबल लिग कप: सन् २०११-१२ '''बार्सिलोना''' *[[ला लिगा]]: सन् २०१४-१५, सन् २०१५-१६, सन् २०१७-१८, सन् २०१८-१९ *[[कोपा डेल रे]]: सन् २०१४-१५, सन् २०१५-१६, सन् २०१६-१७, सन् २०१७-१८, *सुपर कोपा दे स्पाना: सन् २०१६, सन् २०१८ *[[युइएफए च्याम्पियन्स लिग|युएफा च्याम्पियन्स लिग]]: सन् २०१४-१५ *[[युएफा सुपर कप]]: सन् २०१५ *[[फिफा क्लब विश्व कप]]: सन् २०१५ '''एथ्लेटिको म्याड्रिड''' *[[ला लिगा]]: सन् २०२०-२१ '''उरुग्वे''' *[[कोपा अमेरिका]]: [[२०११ कोपा अमेरिका|सन् २०११]] == विवादहरू == स्वारेजलाई व्यापक रूपमा लडेको नाटक गर्ने आरोप लाग्ने गरेको छ। {{refn|group=note|<ref name="doeshedive">{{cite web|title=World Cup: England striker Daniel Sturridge insists he won't cheat to win|url=http://www1.skysports.com/FIFA-World-Cup-2014/news/12016/9351408/world-cup-england-striker-daniel-sturridge-insists-he-wont-cheat-to-win|publisher=Sky Sports|access-date=25 June 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Hunter|first=Andy|title=Liverpool's Luis Suárez has a history of diving, says David Moyes |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2012/oct/26/everton-david-moyes-liverpool-luis-suarez|work=The Guardian|access-date=19 January 2013|date=26 October 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Luis Suarez 'diving' debate continues|url=http://soccernet.espn.go.com/news/story/_/id/1185009/liverpool's-brendan-rodgers-defends-luis-suarez's-'diving'?|work=ESPN FC|access-date=19 January 2013}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121011070830/http://soccernet.espn.go.com/news/story/_/id/1185009/liverpool%27s-brendan-rodgers-defends-luis-suarez%27s-%27diving%27 |date=11 October 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Chelsea boss Jose Mourinho accuses Luis Suarez of diving|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/25545739|publisher=BBC Sport|access-date=25 June 2014}}</ref>}} उनको प्रशिक्षक, सहकर्मीहरू र धेरै विश्लेषकहरूले लडेको नाटक गर्ने उनको क्रियाकलापले गर्दा [[रेफ्री]]हरूले उनले पाउने पर्ने [[पेनाल्टी कार्ड|पेनाल्टी]] समेत दिँदैनन् भनेर टिप्पणी गरेका थिए। <ref>{{cite news|last=Percy|first=John|title=Luis Suárez is the victim of a referee witch-hunt over unfair reputation for diving, say Liverpool team-mates |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/teams/liverpool/9563720/Luis-Suarez-is-the-victim-of-a-referee-witch-hunt-over-unfair-reputation-for-diving-say-Liverpool-team-mates.html|work=The Daily Telegraph|access-date=19 January 2013|date=24 September 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Lacey|first=David|title=A reputation for diving is hard for referees to forget in a hurry|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/blog/2012/oct/05/luis-suarez-dives-referees|work=The Guardian|access-date=19 January 2013|date=5 October 2012}}</ref> सन् २०१३ को जनवरीमा स्वारेजले स्टोक सिटी विरुद्धको सन् २०१२ अक्टोबरको खेलमा लडेको नाटक गरेको स्वीकर गरेका थिए। त्यसपछि उनका व्यवस्थापक ब्रेन्डन रोड्जर्सले उनको काम "अस्वीकार्य" भएको टिप्पणी गरेका थिए र उनी आन्तरिक रूपमा क्लबमा कुरा गर्ने बताएका थिए <ref>{{cite web|title=Luis Suarez diving: Liverpool boss Brendan Rodgers reveals anger|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/21064709|date=17 January 2013|publisher=BBC Sport|access-date=19 January 2013}}</ref> सन् २०१८ को विश्वकपमा [[पोर्चुगल राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|पोर्चुगल]] विरुद्धको खेलमा पोर्चुगेली खेलाडीसँग ठोकिएपछि दुई पटक टाउकोमा चोट लागेको जस्तो नाटक उनले गरेतापनि स्वारेजको टाउको छोइएको थिएन। <ref>{{cite web |title=Luis Suarez back to his tenacious best as Uruguay beat Portugal |url=http://www.skysports.com/football/news/12098/11422374/luis-suarez-back-to-his-tenacious-best-as-uruguay-beat-portugal |publisher=ESPN |access-date=1 July 2018}}</ref> स्वारेजले अनेक पटक विपक्षी खेलाडीलाई टोकेकोमा बद्नाम भएका छन्। सन् २०१४ को विश्वकपको 'समूह घ' खेलमा स्वारेजले [[इटाली राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|इटाली]]का मध्यपङ्क्ति खेलाडी [[जर्जो किएलिनी]]लाई टोकेका थिए। परिणामस्वरूप [[फिफा]]ले उनलाई ४ महिना सबै प्रकारको फुटबल गतिविधिबाट निश्काशन गरेको थियो। [[लिभरपुल फुटबल क्लब|लिभरपुल]]बाट खेल्दा प्रिमियर लिगको खेलमा स्वारेजले चेल्सीका खेलाडी ब्रानिस्लाभ इभानोभिकलाई टोकेका थिए र सजायस्वरुप उनलाई १० खेलमा प्रतिबन्ध गरिएको थियो। यो भन्दा अघिल्लो घटनामा एएफसी आयाक्सबाट खेल्दा उनले ओट्मान बक्कललाई टोकेकोले उनलाई सात खेलमा निष्कासन गरिएको थियो। स्वारेजलाई प्रिमियर लिग र युएफा युरोपा लिगको खेलमा विपक्षी खेलाडीलाई खुट्टाले हान्नेेेको आरोप पनि लाग्ने गरेको छ। <ref>{{cite web|title=Luis Suarez accused of stamping by Wigan boss Roberto Martinez|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/20381086|last=Smith|first=Ben|date=17 November 2012|publisher=BBC Sport|access-date=27 June 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Everton v Liverpool: Luis Suárez is Anfield's inspiration but a pantomime villain to away fans|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/teams/liverpool/9639691/Everton-v-Liverpool-Luis-Suarez-is-Anfields-inspiration-but-a-pantomime-villain-to-away-fans.html|publisher=The Telegraph|access-date=27 June 2014|first=Jim |last=White}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Uefa says no investigation over Luis Suárez 'stamp' against Zenit|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2013/feb/26/luis-suarez-liverpool-zenit-stamp|publisher=BBC Sport|access-date=27 June 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Luis Suarez appears to stamp on Valencia's Aymen Abdennour|url=https://www.skysports.com/football/news/11827/10090918/suarez-delivers-vicious-stamp|website=Sky Sports|language=en|access-date=2020-05-27}}</ref> उनको लडेको नाटक गर्ने, स्टाम्पिङ र अन्य हास्यास्पद तथा असामान्य क्रियाकलापले गर्दा उनलाई बारम्बार आइस हक्कीको धोकेबाजको रूपमा सङ्ज्ञा दिइन्छ। <ref>{{Cite web|title=Luis Suarez back to his tenacious best as Uruguay beat Portugal|url=https://www.skysports.com/football/news/12098/11422374/luis-suarez-back-to-his-tenacious-best-as-uruguay-beat-portugal|website=Sky Sports|language=en|access-date=2020-05-15}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Barcelona star Luis Suarez slammed in scathing rant for Liverpool antics by Frank Leboeuf|url=https://www.express.co.uk/sport/football/1125949/Barcelona-Luis-Suarez-Liverpool-Champions-League-Frank-Leboeuf|last=Skinner|first=Adam|date=2019-05-12|website=Express.co.uk|language=en|access-date=2020-05-15}}</ref> सन् २०१३ को डिसेम्बरमा स्पेनी फुटबल वेबसाइट ''एल गोल डिजिटलले विश्वको सबैभन्दा खराब खेलाडीहरूको सूचीमा उनलाई पाँचौँ स्थानमा राखेको थियो। <ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.smh.com.au/sport/soccer/kevin-muscat-named-footballs-dirtiest-player-20131212-2z8r4.html |title=Kevin Muscat named football's dirtiest player |first=Dominic |last=Bossi |newspaper=Sydney Morning Herald |date=12 December 2013 |access-date=31 August 2014}}</ref> ==टिप्पणी== {{reflist|group=note}} ==सन्दर्भ सूची== {{reflist}} == बाह्य कडीहरू == {{कमन्सश्रेणी|Luis Suárez|लुइस स्वारेज}} *{{Official website|http://www.luissuarez9.com/en/}} *[https://www.fcbarcelona.com/football/first-team/staff/players/2017-2018/luis-suarez लुई स्वारेज] [[एफसी बार्सिलोना]]को वेबसाइट *[http://www.lfchistory.net/Players/Player/Profile/1224 लुई स्वारेज] लिभरपुल फुटबल क्लबको इतिहास *[http://www.premierleague.com/en-gb/players/profile.overview.html/luis-suarez लुई स्वारेज] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140706201522/http://www.premierleague.com/en-gb/players/profile.overview.html/luis-suarez |date=2014-07-06 }} [[प्रिमियर लिग]]मा {{Navboxes | title = Uruguay squads | bg = #5CBFEB | fg = black | bordercolor = gold | list1 = {{Uruguay squad 2010 FIFA World Cup}} {{Uruguay squad 2011 Copa América}} {{Uruguay men's football squad 2012 Summer Olympics}} {{Uruguay squad 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup}} {{Uruguay squad 2014 FIFA World Cup}} {{Uruguay squad Copa América Centenario}} {{Uruguay squad 2018 FIFA World Cup}} {{Uruguay squad 2019 Copa América}} {{Uruguay squad 2021 Copa América}} }} {{Navboxes | title = Awards | bg = gold | fg = navy | bordercolor = black | list1 = {{2011 Copa América Team of the Tournament}} {{Copa America MVP}} {{2012–13 Premier League PFA Team of the Year}} {{2013–14 Premier League PFA Team of the Year}} {{2015–16 La Liga Team of the Year}} {{Dutch Footballer of the Year}} {{FWA Footballer of the Year}} {{PFA Fans' Player of the Year}} {{PFA Players' Player of the Year}} {{Liverpool F.C. Player of the Season}} {{Premier League Player of the Season}} {{AFC Ajax Player of the Year}} {{FIFA Club World Cup Golden Ball}} {{European Golden Shoe}} {{Premier League Golden Boot}} {{La Liga top scorers}} {{Eredivisie top scorers}} {{Copa del Rey top scorers}} {{Trofeo EFE}} {{Trofeo Aldo Rovira}} {{Trofeo Alfredo Di Stéfano}} {{IFFHS World's Best Top Division Goal Scorer}} }} [[श्रेणी:उरुग्वेली फुटबल खेलाडीहरू]] [[श्रेणी:सन् १९८७ मा जन्म]] [[श्रेणी:जीवित मानिसहरू]] [[श्रेणी:ला लिगा खेलाडीहरू]] [[श्रेणी:एफसी बार्सिलोनाका खेलाडीहरू]] 30opung6tbepfyx5egf0hnik9dd5p6g 1365879 1365876 2026-07-13T12:28:51Z पर्वत सुवेदी 31224 पर्वत सुवेदी ले [[लुइस सुआरेज]] मा पुनर्निर्देश नछोडि त्यसलाई [[लुइस स्वारेज]] मा सारेको हो: शीर्षक सुधार 1363334 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography |name = लुई स्वारेज |image = Luis Suárez 2018.jpg |image_size = |caption = [[२०१८ फिफा विश्वकप]]मा स्वारेज |fullname = लुई आलबेर्तो स्वारेज दियास |birth_date = {{birth date and age|1987|1|24|df=y}} |birth_place = साल्तो, [[उरुग्वे]] |height = {{convert|१.८१|m|abbr=on}} |position = [[अग्रपङ्क्ति (फुटबल)|अग्रपङ्क्ति]] |currentclub = [[एफसी बार्सिलोना]] |clubnumber = ९ |youthyears1 = सन् २००३-२००५ |youthclubs1 = [[क्लुब नास्योनाल दे फुतबोल|नास्योनाल]] |years1 = सन् २००५-२००६ |clubs1 = [[क्लुब नास्योनाल डे फुतबोल|नास्योनाल]] |caps1 = २७ |goals1 = १० |years2 = सन् २००६-२००७ |clubs2 = [[एफसि ख्रोनिङेन|ख्रोनिङेन]] |caps2 = २९ |goals2 = १० |years3 = सन् २००७-२०११ |clubs3 = [[एएफसी आयाक्स]] |caps3 = ११० |goals3 = ८१ |years4 = सन् २०११-२०१४ |clubs4 = [[लिभरपुल फुटबल क्लब|लिभरपुल]] |caps4 = ११० |goals4 = ६९ |years5 = सन् २०१४–२०२० |clubs5 = [[एफसी बार्सिलोना|बार्सिलोना]] |years6 = २०२०- |clubs6 = [[एट्लेटिको म्याड्रिड|एथ्लेटिको म्याड्रिड]] |caps5 = १६३ |goals5 = १३१ |nationalyears1 = सन् २००६-२००७ |nationalteam1 = [[उरुग्वे राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली (२० वर्ष मुनी)|२० वर्ष मुनिको राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली]] |nationalcaps1 = ४ |nationalgoals1 = २ |nationalyears2 = सन् २०१२- |nationalteam2 = [[उरुग्वे राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली (२३ वर्ष मुनी)|२३ वर्ष मुनिको राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली]] |nationalcaps2 = ४ |nationalgoals2 = ३ |nationalyears3 = सन् २००७- |nationalteam3 = [[उरुग्वे राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|उरुग्वे]] |nationalcaps3 = १०६ |nationalgoals3 = ५५ |pcupdate = २० मे २०१८ |ntupdate = ६ जुलाई २०१९ }} '''लुइ आलबेर्तो स्वारेज दियास''' (जन्म २४ जनवरी १९८७) उरुग्वेली [[भकुन्डो|फुटबल]] खेलाडी हुन्। उनी [[मेजर लिग सकर]]को क्लब इन्टर मियामी र उरुग्वेको [[उरुग्वे राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|राष्ट्रिय टोली]]मा [[अग्रपङ्क्ति (फुटबल)|अग्रपङ्क्ति]]को रूपमा खेल्ने गर्दछन्। स्वारेजलाई उनको पुस्ताको एक महान खेलाडी र फुटबल इतिहासको महान अग्रपङ्क्ति खेलाडी मध्ये एक मानिन्छ। {{refn|group=note|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/ng-interactive/2013/dec/100-greatest-footballers-2013 |title=The 100 best footballers in the world 2013 – interactive |work=The Guardian |date=20 December 2013 |access-date=1 January 2014}}</ref><ref name="The New York Times">{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/06/25/sports/worldcup/apparent-bite-by-luis-suarez-mars-uruguays-victory-over-italy.html|title=Uruguay's Suárez, Known for Biting, Leaves Mark on World Cup|work=The New York Times|date=25 June 2014}}</ref><ref name="SkySports">{{cite web|url=http://www1.skysports.com/FIFA-World-Cup-2014/news/15241/9355292/uruguay-v-england-luis-suarez-proved-he-is-best-in-the-world-says-peter-taylor|title=Uruguay v England: Luis Suarez proved he is best in the world, says Peter Taylor|publisher=SkySports}}</ref><ref name="Eurosport">{{cite web|last1=Quarrell|first1=Dan|title=Why Luis Suarez is better than Lionel Messi and Cristiano Ronaldo – Cristian Rodriguez|url=http://au.eurosport.com/football/liga/2015-2016/why-luis-suarez-is-better-than-lionel-messi-and-cristiano-ronaldo-cristian-rodriguez_sto4920265/story.shtml|publisher=Eurosport|access-date=22 September 2015|date=21 September 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/ng-interactive/2016/dec/20/the-100-best-footballers-in-the-world-2016-interactive|title=The 100 best footballers in the world 2016 – interactive|date=20 December 2016|work=The Guardian}}</ref><ref name="Hitc">{{cite web |url=https://www.hitc.com/en-gb/2014/07/20/arsenal-legend-thierry-henry-luis-suarez-is-the-best-striker-in/|title=Thierry Henry considers Suarez the best striker in the world|work=Hitc|date=19 July 2014 |access-date=19 July 2014}}</ref><ref name="Marca">{{cite web |url=https://www.marca.com/en/football/barcelona/2020/09/24/5f693f8b46163fa7ad8b45f0.html/|title=Luis Suarez: The best striker in Barcelona's history|work=Marca|date=24 September 2020|access-date=24 September 2020}}</ref><ref name="Standard">{{cite web |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/sport/other-sports/fc-barcelona-luis-suarez-uruguay-best-ever-player-a4420491.html|title=Barcelona striker Luis Suarez is Uruguay's 'best ever player'|work=Standard|date=21 April 2020|access-date=15 June 2021}}</ref>}} स्वारेजले आफ्नो व्यावसायिक फुटबल खेल जीवनमा क्लब स्तरको ७ लिग, १ [[युएफा च्याम्पियन्स लिग]] र उरुग्वेको तर्फबाट [[२०११ कोपा अमेरिका]] सहित १९ वटा मुख्य उपाधिहरू जितेका छन्। सदावहार गोलकर्ता स्वारेजले दुई युरोपेली सुनौलो जुत्ता, एरिडिभिसी सुनौलो जुत्ता, एक प्रिमियर लिग सुनौलो जुत्ता र पिचिची उपाधि जितेका छन्। उनले क्लब र देशको लागि ५०० भन्दा धेरै गोल गरिसकेका छन्।<ref name="300 goals">{{cite news|title=Outrageous assist tees up Suarez's 300th|url=http://www.foxsports.com.au/football/la-liga-wrap-luis-suarez-cashes-in-on-sublime-sergi-roberto-assist-but-real-madrid-remain-top/story-e6frf423-1227589878700|agency=Fox Sports|date=1 November 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first=Chris|last=Shaw|url=http://www.liverpoolfc.com/news/announcements/285271-luis-suarez-celebrates-400-goal-landmark|title=Luis Suarez celebrates 400-goal landmark|date=24 December 2017|work=Liverpool FC|access-date=24 December 2017}}</ref> स्वारेज आफ्नो फुटबल खेल जीवन भरी विवादले घेरिएका छन्। {{refn|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2013/apr/21/luis-suarez-biting-controversy-timeline |title=Luis Suárez: 10 previous controversies involving the Liverpool striker |date=21 April 2013 |access-date=25 June 2014 |work=The Guardian}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.itv.com/worldcup/luis-suarez-a-history-of-controversy |title=Luis Suarez: a history of controversy |date=24 June 2014 |access-date=25 June 2014 |publisher=ITV (TV network) |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140709015023/http://www.itv.com/worldcup/luis-suarez-a-history-of-controversy |archive-date=9 July 2014 |df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/players/luis-suarez/10923947/Luis-Suarez-bites-Giorgio-Chiellini-Uruguay-strikers-career-flashpoints.html |title=Luis Suarez bites Giorgio Chiellini: Uruguay striker's career flashpoints |work=The Daily Telegraph |location=London |date=24 June 2014 |access-date=25 June 2014}}</ref>|group=note}} उनले तीन पटक आफ्नो विपक्षी खेलाडीलाई टोकेका थिए भने सन् २०१० को विश्वकपमा उनले गोल लाइनमा हातले बल रोकेका थिए। {{refn|<ref name="Cannibal of Ajax">{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2010/nov/22/luis-suarez-biting-otman-bakkal |title=Luis Suárez: 'The Cannibal of Ajax'? |work=The Guardian |agency=Associated Press |date=22 November 2010 |access-date=23 August 2011}}</ref><ref name="BranBite">{{cite news |last=Fifield |first=Dominic |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/blog/2013/apr/21/luis-suarez-bite |title=Luis Suárez's bite has proven again he is a liability, even at his peak |work=The Guardian |date=21 April 2013 |access-date=21 April 2013}}</ref><ref name="Menezes">{{cite news |last=De Menezes |first=Jack |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/worldcup/luis-suarez-bite-uruguay-striker-accused-of-biting-giorgio-chiellini-in-latest-controversy-during-world-cup-clash-9560650.html |title=Luis Suarez bite: Uruguay striker accused of biting Giorgio Chiellini in latest controversy during World Cup clash |work=The Independent |date=24 June 2014 |access-date=24 June 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Borden |first=Sam |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/06/25/sports/worldcup/apparent-bite-by-luis-suarez-mars-uruguays-victory-over-italy.html |title=Uruguay's Suárez, Known for Biting, Leaves Mark on World Cup |date=25 June 2014 |access-date=25 June 2014 |work=New York Times}}</ref>|group=note}} स्वारेजलाई मैदानमा लडेको नाटक गर्ने आरोप लाग्ने गरेको छ र यो कुरा उनले स्वीकार गरेका छन्।<ref name="doeshedive" /><ref name="admitdiving">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/21064709|title=Luis Suarez diving: Liverpool boss Brendan Rodgers reveals anger|access-date=19 January 2013|publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> सन् २०११ मा फुटबल सङ्गठनले उनलाई पेत्रिस इभ्रालाई जातीय दुर्ववहार गरेकोमा दोषी पाइएको थियो भने यो निर्णयमा स्वारेजले विवाद गरेका थिए। ==प्रारम्भिक जीवन== ==क्लब खेल जीवन== [[File:Luis Suarez FCB 2014.jpg|100px|thumb|बार्सिलोनाबाट फुटबल खेल्दै स्वारेज|center]] स्वारेज हाल विश्व चर्चित फुटबल क्लब एथ्लेटिको म्याड्रिडबाट व्यावसायिक फुटबल खेल्ने गर्दछन्। यस अघि उनी बार्सिलोनाका एक महत्त्वपूर्ण अग्रपङ्क्ति खेलाडी थिए। ==बार्सिलोना== ===हस्ताक्षर र निलम्बन === [[चित्र:Luis Suarez FCB 2014.jpg|thumb|200px|स्वारेजले बार्सिलोनाको लागि पहिलो खेलमा क्लब लियोन विरुद्ध सन् २०१४ अगस्टमा खेल खेलेका थिए।]] सन् २०१४ जुलाई ११ का दिन स्वारेजले गोप्य स्थानान्तरण मूल्यमा बार्सिलोनासँग पाँच वर्षे सम्झौता पत्रमा हस्ताक्षर गरेका थिए। <ref>{{cite press release|url=http://www.fcbarcelona.com/football/first-team/detail/article/fc-barcelona-and-liverpool-fc-have-reached-an-agreement-for-the-transfer-of-luis-suarez|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140712034551/http://www.fcbarcelona.com/football/first-team/detail/article/fc-barcelona-and-liverpool-fc-have-reached-an-agreement-for-the-transfer-of-luis-suarez|title=FC Barcelona and Liverpool FC have reached an agreement for the transfer of Luis Suárez|date=11 July 2014|access-date=15 July 2017|archive-date=12 July 2014|publisher=F.C. Barcelona}}</ref> यद्यपि फुटबल लिकद्वारा सार्वजनिक गरिएको कागजात अनुसार मुल्य £६४.९८&nbsp;मिलियन (€८२.३&nbsp;मिलियन) थियो। यसबाट उनी विश्व फुटबल इतिहासमा [[सबैभन्दा महँगो फुटबल स्थानान्तरणहरूको सूची|सबैभन्दा मूल्यवान खेलाडी]] मध्ये एक बनेका थिए।<ref name="Revealed: How much Luis Suarez really cost Barcelona">{{cite news|title=Revealed: How much Luis Suarez really cost Barcelona|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/football/2016/03/28/revealed-how-much-luis-suarez-really-cost-barcelona/|date=28 March 2016|newspaper=The Daily Telegraph|access-date=24 August 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/sport/football/news/luis-suarezs-barcelona-transfer-fee-7641002 |title=Luis Suarez's Barcelona transfer fee "revealed as £65m" – £10m LESS than his Liverpool release clause|date=28 March 2016|work=Mirror|access-date=29 August 2016|author=Whaling, James}}</ref> ''बार्सा''ले सन् २०१४-१५ संस्करणमा स्वारेजले ९ नम्बरको खेल पोशाक लगाउने कुरा पक्का गरेको थियो। <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fcbarcelona.com/football/first-team/detail/article/luis-suarez-el-9-del-barca|title=Luis Suárez, FC Barcelona's number 9|date=11 July 2014|publisher=FC Barcelona|access-date=12 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140712034428/http://www.fcbarcelona.com/football/first-team/detail/article/luis-suarez-el-9-del-barca|archive-date=12 July 2014}}</ref> [[२०१४ फिफा विश्वकप]]मा इटालीका खेलाडी [[जर्जो किएलिनी]]लाई टोकेकोमा उनलाई दोषी पाएकाले स्वारेजले उक्त संस्करणको पहिलो भाग छुटाएका थिए। <ref name="FIFABan">{{cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/news/y=2014/m=6/news=luis-suarez-suspended-for-nine-matches-and-banned-for-four-months-from-2386354.html |title=Luis Suárez suspended for nine matches and banned for four months from any football-related activity |publisher=FIFA |date=26 June 2014 |access-date=30 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140703172739/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/news/y%3D2014/m%3D6/news%3Dluis-suarez-suspended-for-nine-matches-and-banned-for-four-months-from-2386354.html |archive-date= 3 July 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="Ban2014">{{cite news |last=De Menezes |first=Jack |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/worldcup/luis-suarez-banned-fifa-hand-striker-record-ninegame-ban-and-a-four-month-football-ban-for-biting-giorgio-chiellini-in-biggest-ever-world-cup-suspension-9565686.html |title=Luis Suarez banned: Fifa hand striker record nine-game ban AND a four month football ban for biting Giorgio Chiellini in biggest ever World Cup suspension |date=26 June 2014 |access-date=26 June 2014 |work=The Independent}}</ref> उनको निलम्बनको हिस्साको रूपमा उनलाई बार्सिलोनामा प्रशिक्षण सहित (२६ अक्टोबर सम्म) सबै प्रकारको "फुटबल सम्बन्धी गतिविधि" बाट प्रतिबन्ध गरिएको थियो। उनलाई सो अवधिमा दर्शकको रूपमा रङ्गशालामा प्रवेश गर्न पनि प्रतिबन्ध लगाइएको थियो।<ref name="FIFABan"/><ref name="Ban2014"/> २४ जुलाईमा स्वारेज र उनका वकिलले खेलकुदको मध्यस्तकर्ता न्यायलयमा अपिल दायर गरेपछि उनको प्रतिबन्ध छोट्ट्याउन वा निलम्बन हटाउन आग्रह गरिएको थियो।<ref name="cas">{{cite news |publisher=Court of Arbitration for Sport |title=FOOTBALL – Decision in the Luis Suarez case |url=http://www.tas-cas.org/d2wfiles/document/4201/5048/0/Media20Release20366520(English)201420082014.pdf |access-date=14 August 2014 |date=14 August 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140821081809/http://www.tas-cas.org/d2wfiles/document/4201/5048/0/Media20Release20366520%28English%29201420082014.pdf |archive-date=21 August 2014 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140821081809/http://www.tas-cas.org/d2wfiles/document/4201/5048/0/Media20Release20366520%28English%29201420082014.pdf |date=21 August 2014 }}</ref> ८ अगस्ट मा स्विट्जरल्यान्डको लाउसानेमा उनको पक्षको सुनुवाई भएको थियो। <ref name="cas2">{{cite news |publisher=Court of Arbitration for Sport |title=CAS hears the appeal of Luis Suarez |url=http://www.tas-cas.org/d2wfiles/document/4201/5048/0/Media20Release20366520(English)201420082014.pdf |access-date=8 August 2014 |date=8 August 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140821081809/http://www.tas-cas.org/d2wfiles/document/4201/5048/0/Media20Release20366520%28English%29201420082014.pdf |archive-date=21 August 2014 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140821081809/http://www.tas-cas.org/d2wfiles/document/4201/5048/0/Media20Release20366520%28English%29201420082014.pdf |date=21 August 2014 }}</ref> ६ दिन पछि खेलकुद न्यायलयले फिफाद्वारा स्वारेज माथि गरिएको ४ महिना खेलबाट निलम्बन र ९ अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय खेलको प्रतिबन्धलाई अनुमोदन गरेको थियो। यद्यपि खेलकुद न्यायलयले खेलाडीको "फुटबल सम्बन्धी गतिबिधी"को प्रतिबन्ध हटाएपछि उनलाई बार्सिलोनामा प्रशिक्षण गर्न अनुमति दिएको थियो। यो प्रतिबन्धको कारण स्वारेज [[२०१५ कोपा अमेरिका]]मा सहभागी हुन प्रतिबन्धित भएका थिए। खेलकुद मध्यस्थता न्यायलयले स्वारेजलाई मैत्रीपूर्ण खेलमा सहभागी हुन अनुमति दिएपछि उनले १८ अगस्टमा [[क्याम्प नउ|क्याम्प नाउ]]मा क्लब लियोन विरुद्ध बार्सिलोनाको लागि पहिलो खेल खेलेका थिए। उनी राफिन्याको स्थानमा प्रवेश गर्दै अन्तिम १४ मिनेट खेलेका थिए। स्वारेज मैदान प्रवेश गर्दा सहकर्मी खेलाडी [[लियोनेल मेसी]] र [[नेयमार]]लाई प्रतिस्थापन गरिइसकेको थियो। <ref>{{cite news|last1=Lowe|first1=Sid|title=Luis Suárez finally makes Barcelona bow as substitute against León|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2014/aug/18/luis-suarez-barcelona-debut|access-date=23 August 2014|work=The Guardian|date=18 August 2014}}</ref> ====सन् २०१४-१५: एमएसएन त्रीमुर्ती र ट्रिबल विजेता ==== स्वारेजले बार्सिलोनाको प्रतिस्पर्धा खेलमा अक्टोबरमा २५ का दिन लियोनेल मेसी र नेयमार सँगै [[एल क्लासिको]]मा [[रियल म्याड्रिड]] विरुद्ध प्रवेश गरेका थिए। <ref name="Clasico"/> उनले खेलको चौँथो मिनेटमा सुरुवाती गोलको लागि उनले नेयमारलाई सहायता प्रदान गरेका थिए। दोस्रो हाफमा स्वारेजलाई प्रतिस्थापन गरिएपछि बार्सिलोना त्यस खेलमा ३-१ ले पराजित भएको थियो। <ref name="Clasico">{{cite news|last1=Sanghera|first1=Mandeep|title=Real Madrid 3–1 Barcelona|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/29541443|access-date=25 October 2014|work=BBC Sport|date=25 October 2014}}</ref> क्लबको लागि उनले पहिलो गोल २६ नोभेम्बरमा अपोएल एफसी विरुद्ध च्याम्पियन्स लिगको समूह चरणको खेलमा गरेका थिए। त्यो खेल बार्सिलोनाले ४-० ले जितेको थियो। <ref>{{cite news|last1=Papantonopoulou|first1=Vassiliki|title=Record-breaker Messi leads Barça stroll at APOEL|url=http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/season=2015/matches/round=2000548/match=2014381/postmatch/report/index.html#messi+shoots+down+apoel|access-date=26 November 2014|publisher=UEFA|date=25 November 2014}}</ref> २० डिसेम्बरमा उनको ला लिगाको आठौँ खेलमा उनले क्लबको लागि पहिलो लिग गोल गरेका थिए। कोर्दोवा विरुद्धको खेलमा बार्सिलोना ५-० ले विजयी भएको थियो।<ref>{{cite news|title=Barcelona 5–0 Córdoba|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/30483708|access-date=21 December 2014|work=BBC Sport|date=20 December 2014}}</ref> [[चित्र:Barcelona fans - Champions league 2015 Berlin.JPG|thumb|left|बर्लिनमा हुने सन् २०१५ युएफा च्याम्पियन्स लिगको अगाडि आक्रमक त्रिमुर्ती मेसी, स्वारेज र नेयमारको तस्वीर प्रदर्शन गर्दै बार्सिलोना समर्थकहरू]] स्वारेजले बार्सिलोनामा पहिलो संस्करणको सबै खाले प्रतियोगितामा २५ गोल र गोल गर्नका लागि २० सहयोग गरि अन्त्य गरेका थिए।<ref name="Luis Suárez">{{cite news|url=http://www.goal.com/en-us/people/uruguay/16639/luis-su%C3%A1rez|title=Luis Suárez|access-date=7 June 2015|work=Goal.com}}</ref> बार्सिलोनाले ला लिगा कोपा देल रे र च्याम्पियन्स लिग ट्रिबल जितेको यो दोस्रोपटक थियो। बार्सिलोनाको आक्रमक त्रिमुर्ती मेसी, स्वारेज र नेयमार छोटकरीमा "एमएसएन" ले १२२ गोल गरि स्पेनीी फुटबल इतिहासकै आक्रमक त्रिमुर्तीले एकै संस्करणमा गरेको सर्वाधिक गोलको कीर्तिमान बनाएको थियो। <ref name="MSN record">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2015/jun/06/barcelona-luis-suarez-lionel-messi-juventus-champions-league-final|title=Barcelona's Luis Suárez, Leo Messi and Neymar too good for Juventus|date=6 June 2015|work=The Guardian}}</ref> === एथ्लेटिको म्याड्रिड === === इन्टर मियामी === == अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय खेल जीवन == स्वरेजलाई सन् २००७ को २० वर्ष मुनिको फिफा विश्व कपको छनोट चरण खेल्नको लागि बोलाइएको थियो तर उनको क्लबले उनलाई खेल्न पठाएको थिएन। तैपनी उनले यो प्रतियोगिताको चार खेलमा दुई गोल गरेका थिए।<ref name="FIFA stats">{{cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/statisticsandrecords/players/player=270775/index.html|title=Luis SUAREZ|work=FIFA.com|access-date=21 August 2011}}</ref> उनले स्पेन विरुद्ध बराबरी गोल गरेका थिए<ref name="Bell">{{cite news|url=http://goal.blogs.nytimes.com/2007/07/09/u-20s-usa-vs-uruguay-the-preview/|title=U-20s: USA vs. Uruguay – the Preview|last=Bell|first=Jack|date=9 July 2007|work=NYTimes.com|access-date=27 August 2011|publisher=The New York Times Company}}</ref> र अमेरिका विरुद्ध एक गोल गरेतापनि अमेरिका २-१ गोलले विजयी भएको थियो र उरुग्वे प्रतियोगिताबाट बाहिएको थियो। <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/tournaments/archive/u20worldcup/canada2007/results/match=58881/report.html|title=Match 38 – USA – Uruguay|date=11 July 2007|work=FIFA.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727235251/http://www.fifa.com/tournaments/archive/u20worldcup/canada2007/results/match%3D58881/report.html|archive-date=27 July 2011|access-date=27 August 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> स्वारेजले वरिष्ठ टोलीमा सन् २२०७ फेब्रुअरी ८ का दिन प्रवेश गरेका थिए। कोलम्बिया विरुद्धको खेलमा उरुग्वे ३-१ ले विजयी भएको थियो। खेलको ८५औँ मिनेटमा दोस्रोपटक पहेँलो कार्ड पाएर उनले मैदान छाडेका थिए। स्वारेजले सन् २०१० को विश्व कप छनोटको २० मध्ये १९ खेल र इन्टर कन्फिडिरेसन प्ले अफको खेलमा पाँच गोल गरेका थिए।<ref name="FIFA stats" /> [[चित्र:Suárez_Forlan_(cropped).jpg|thumb|स्वारेज र [[डिएगो फोर्लान]]]] === सन् २०१० फिफा विश्वकप === सन् २०१० जुनमा उरुग्वेका प्रशिक्षक ओस्कार तेबारेजले उरुग्वेको विश्वकप टोलीमा स्वारेजको नाम छनोट गरेका थिए। <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/southafrica2010/news/newsid=1222732/|title=Tabarez trims Uruguay team to 23|date=1 June 2010|work=FIFA.com|access-date=21 August 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140316003930/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/southafrica2010/news/newsid%3D1222732/|archive-date=16 March 2014|agency=Press Association|url-status=dead}}</ref> उरुग्वेले फ्रान्स विरुद्ध ०-० खेल्दै प्रतियोगिता सुरु गरेको थियो।<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/southafrica2010/matches/round=249722/match=300061453/index.html|title=Uruguay draw a blank|date=11 June 2010|work=FIFA.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110813203358/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/southafrica2010/matches/round%3D249722/match%3D300061453/index.html|archive-date=13 August 2011|access-date=23 August 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> दोस्रो खेलमा दक्षिण अफ्रिका विरुद्ध ३-० को जितमा स्वारेजले पेनाल्टी मार्फत एक गोल र [[एल्भारो पेरेरा]]लाई थप समयमा एक गोलको सहायता गरेका थिए।<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/southafrica2010/matches/round=249722/match=300061452/summary.html|title=Forlan silences South Africa|date=16 June 2010|work=FIFA.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727000851/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/southafrica2010/matches/round%3D249722/match%3D300061452/summary.html|archive-date=27 July 2011|access-date=23 August 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> समूह चरणको अन्तिमा खेलमा मेक्सिको विरुद्धको १-० जितमा [[एडिनसन काभानी]]को पासमा हेड गर्दै गोल गरेका स्वारेज खेलको उत्कृष्ट खेलाडी घोषित भएका थिए।<ref name="FIFA Uru-Mex">{{cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/southafrica2010/matches/round=249722/match=300061450/summary.html|title=Uruguay edge Mexico, both advance|date=22 June 2010|work=FIFA.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110808144502/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/southafrica2010/matches/round%3D249722/match%3D300061450/summary.html|archive-date=8 August 2011|access-date=23 August 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Hassan">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/world_cup_2010/matches/match_33/default.stm|title=Mexico 0–1 Uruguay|last=Hassan|first=Nabil|date=22 June 2010|access-date=28 June 2010|publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> उरुग्वे समूह क को विजेता बनी नक आउट चरणमा पुगेको थियो <ref name="FIFA Uru-Mex" /><ref name="Hassan" /> अन्तिम १६ मा [[दक्षिण कोरिया राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|दक्षिण कोरिया]] विरुद्धको खेलमा २-१ को जितमा स्वारेजले दुवै गोल गरेका थिए। बराबरीमा चलिरहेको खेलको उनले ८०औँ मिनेटमा रक्षापङ्क्तिका खेलाडीहरूलाई छलाएर गोल गर्दै टोलीलाई अग्रता दिलाएका थिए।<ref name="FIFA Uru-Kor">{{cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/southafrica2010/matches/round=249717/match=300061504/summary.html|title=Suarez double downs South Koreans|date=26 June 2010|work=FIFA.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110830110424/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/southafrica2010/matches/round%3D249717/match%3D300061504/summary.html|archive-date=30 August 2011|access-date=23 August 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> स्वारेज यस खेलको उत्कृष्ट खेलाडी बनेका थिए।<ref name="FIFA Uru-Kor" /> यो जितले उरुग्वे १९७० पछि पहिलो पटक क्वाटर फाइनलमा प्रवेश गरेको थियो। <ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/world_cup_2010/matches/match_49/default.stm|title=Uruguay 2–1 South Korea|last=Chowdhury|first=Saj|date=26 June 2010|access-date=28 June 2010|publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> [[घाना राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|घाना]] विरुद्धको क्वाटर फाइनलको खेलमा नियमित समयको खेल १-१ को बराबरीमा टुङ्गिएको खेलमा समय थप गरिएको थियो। थप समयको उत्तरार्ध तिर घानाको [[फ्रि किक]] प्रहारलाई स्वेरजले गोल लाइनमा छेकेका थिए। <ref name="FIFA Uru-Gha">{{cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/southafrica2010/matches/round=249718/match=300061508/summary.html|title=Ghana pay the penalty|date=2 July 2010|work=FIFA.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811165311/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/southafrica2010/matches/round%3D249718/match%3D300061508/summary.html|archive-date=11 August 2011|access-date=23 August 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> उनले त्यस पछिको डोमिनिक अडियाहको हेडरलाई हातले छेकेर व्यवसायिक फल गरेर आफ्नो टोलीलाई जिताएका थिए।<ref name="Hand of God">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/world_cup_2010/8785140.stm|title=World Cup 2010: I have hand of God – Uruguay's Suarez|date=3 July 2010|work=BBC Sport|access-date=24 August 2011}}</ref> उनको यो हर्कतबाट उनलाई [[रेड कार्ड]] दिइएपछि उनले मैदान छाडेका थिए। <ref name="FIFA Uru-Gha" /> खेलबाट बाहिरिएर भित्र छिर्दै गर्दा पेनाल्टी प्रहार हेर्न रोकिएका स्वारेज [[पेनाल्टी]]मा गोल नभएपछि खुसी मनाएका थिए।<ref name="Marcus">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/07/03/sports/soccer/03ghanagame.html|title=Uruguay Trades Penalty for Chance at Victory|last=Marcus|first=Jeffrey|date=2 July 2010|work=The New York Times|access-date=23 August 2011}}</ref><ref name="reuters">{{cite news|url=http://in.reuters.com/article/idINIndia-49856120100703|title=I had no choice but to handle says Uruguay's Suarez|last=MacSwan|first=Angus|date=3 July 2010|access-date=3 July 2010|publisher=Reuters}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100705005019/http://in.reuters.com/article/idINIndia-49856120100703 |date=5 July 2010 }}</ref> उरुग्वेले [[पेनाल्टी-सुटआउट|पेनाल्टी सुटआउट]] ४-२ गोल अन्तरले जित्न सफल हुँदै सेमिफाइनल पुगेको थियो। <ref name="FIFA Uru-Gha" /><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/teams/uruguay/7869796/World-Cup-2010-Uruguay-striker-Luis-Suarez-says-it-was-Hand-of-God-against-Ghana.html|title=World Cup 2010: Uruguay striker Luis Suarez says it was 'Hand of God' against Ghana|date=3 July 2010|work=The Telegraph|access-date=3 July 2017|author=Telegraph staff and agencies}}</ref> खेल पछि स्वारेजले भनेका थिए, "मैले प्रतियोगिता कै उत्कृष्ट बचाउ गरेँ।"<ref name="Hand of God" /> उनले उनीसँग "विकल्प नभएको, आफू स्वाभाविक प्रवृत्ति भन्दा बाहिर भएको र यदि यसले आफ्नो टोलीलाई जिताउँछ भने यो फेरी गर्ने" बताएका थिए।<ref name="Doward">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2010/jul/04/luis-suarez-world-cup-villian-hand-of-god|title=Luis Suarez is new World Cup villain after 'hand of God' claim|last=Doward|first=Jamie|date=4 July 2010|work=guardian.co.uk|access-date=24 August 2011}}</ref> घानाको मुख्य प्रशिक्षाक मिलोभान राजेभाकले खेल "अन्यायपूर्ण" भएको बताउँदै<ref name="Marcus" /> उनले स्वारेजलाई खलनायक र धोकेवाजको सङ्ज्ञा दिएका थिए।<ref name="Jim White">{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/competitions/world-cup-2010/7870325/World-Cup-2010-why-cant-football-tackle-cheats.html|title=World Cup 2010: why can't football tackle cheats?|last=White|first=Jim|date=4 July 2010|work=The Telegraph|access-date=28 August 2011|publisher=Telegraph Media Group}}</ref><ref name="Doward" /> अन्यले उनलाई नायकको नजरले हेरेका थिए।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://en.mercopress.com/2010/07/14/a-country-full-of-gratitude-defies-freezing-weather-to-honour-uruguay-s-soccer-team|title=A country full of gratitude defies freezing weather to honour Uruguay's soccer team|date=14 July 2010|access-date=24 August 2011|agency=MercoPress}}</ref> [[पेनाल्टी कार्ड|रातो कार्ड]] पाए पछि उनले स्वत: अर्को सेमिफाइनल खेल गुमाएका थिए।<ref name="Jim White" /> घाना विरुद्धको खेलमा रातो कार्ड पाएकाले स्वारेज सेमिफाइनल खेलका लागि निशकाशित भएका थिए।<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/07/04/sports/soccer/04goal.html?scp=7&sq=Suarez+world+cup&st=nyt|title=Uruguay Star Won't Face Additional Sanctions for Handball|date=3 July 2010|work=The New York Times|access-date=23 August 2011|agency=Associated Press}}</ref> [[नेदरल्यान्ड राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|नेदरल्यान्ड]] विरुद्धको सेमिफाइनलमा उनको अभाव प्रष्ट देखिन्थ्यो <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/07/07/sports/soccer/07netherlandsside.html|title=Leader and Scorer, Yet Not a Finalist|last=Hughes|first=Rob|date=6 July 2010|work=NYTimes.com|access-date=23 August 2011|publisher=The New York Times Company}}</ref> भने उरुग्वे ३-२ गोल अन्तरले पराजित भएको थियो।<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/southafrica2010/matches/round=249719/match=300061512/index.html|title=Oranje edge five-goal thriller|date=6 July 2010|publisher=FIFA.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110829052832/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/southafrica2010/matches/round%3D249719/match%3D300061512/index.html|archive-date=29 August 2011|access-date=23 August 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/07/07/sports/soccer/07netherlandsgame.html|title=Netherlands 3, Uruguay 2: A Flick of the Head, a Nod to the Past|last=Clarey|first=Christopher|date=6 July 2010|work=The New York Times|access-date=23 August 2011}}</ref> जर्मनी विरुद्धको तेस्रो स्थानको खेलमा स्वारेज खेलमा फर्किएका थिए। <ref name="CNN 3rd place game">{{cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2010/SPORT/football/07/10/world.cup.uruguay.germany/index.html|title=Khedira's late winner gives Germany third place at World Cup|date=10 July 2010|access-date=21 August 2011|publisher=CNN}}</ref> उनले काभानीलाई उरुग्वेको पहिलो गोलका लागि सहायता गरेतापनि<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/southafrica2010/matches/round=249720/match=300061510/summary.html|title=Germany pip Uruguay to third place|date=10 July 2010|work=FIFA.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120425005150/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/southafrica2010/matches/round%3D249720/match%3D300061510/summary.html|archive-date=25 April 2012|access-date=23 August 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> उरुग्वे ३-२ गोल अन्तरले पराजित भएको थियो। <ref name="CNN 3rd place game"/> प्रतियोगिता भरी स्वेरजले ६ खेलमा ५४३ मिनेट खेल्दै तीन गोल गरेका थिए। <ref name="9 Suarez overview">{{cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/southafrica2010/players/player=270775/index.html|title=9 Luis SUAREZ|work=FIFA.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110519100547/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/southafrica2010/players/player%3D270775/index.html|archive-date=19 May 2011|access-date=21 August 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> ===सन् २०११ कोपा अमेरिका === [[चित्र:Luis Suarez - CA2011 mvp award (cropped).jpg|thumb|upright|[[२०११ कोपा अमेरिका]] फुटबलमा स्वारेज सर्वोत्कृष्ट खेलाडी घोषित भएका थिए]] [[२०११ कोपा अमेरिका]]मा उरुवेको पहिलो खेलमा स्वारेजले [[पेरू राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|पेरु]] विरुद्धको खेलमा १ गोल गरेर उरुग्वेलाई अग्रता दिलाएका थिए। त्यो खेल १-१ को बराबरीमा सकिएको थियो। <ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.nytimes.com/2011/07/05/sports/soccer/uruguay-rallies-to-tie-peru-in-copa-america.html |title= Uruguay Rallies to Tie Peru in Copa América |work=NYTimes.com|publisher= The New York Times Company|agency= Associated Press |date= 4 July 2011 |access-date=26 August 2011}}</ref> अर्को खेलमा उनलेे अल्भारो परेेेरालाई चिली विरुद्धको १-१ बराबरीको लागि गोल गर्न सहायता गरेका थिए<ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.sbnation.com/soccer/2011/7/8/2266977/copa-america-2011-uruguay-vs-chile-final-score-alexis-sanchez-draw|title=Copa America 2011: Uruguay Vs. Chile: Uruguay And Chile Settle For 1-1 Draw |work=SBNation|publisher=SBNation|date= 8 July 2011 |access-date=8 July 2011}}</ref> उरुग्वे समूहमा दोस्रो हुँदै नकआउट चरणमा प्रवेश गरेको थियो। <ref>{{cite news |url= http://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/liverpool-fc/liverpool-fc-news/2011/07/13/liverpool-fc-striker-luis-suarez-helps-uruguay-reach-quarter-finals-of-copa-america-cup-with-1-0-win-over-mexico-100252-29044548/#ixzz1WCLYCjBE |title= Liverpool FC striker Luis Suarez helps Uruguay reach quarter-finals of Copa America Cup with 1–0 win over Mexico|publisher=Trinity Mirror |first= Paul |last=Snowdon |work= Liverpool Echo |date= 13 July 2011 |access-date=26 August 2011}}</ref> उसले [[मेक्सिको राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|मेेकसिको]]संँग १-० को जित र पेरु र [[चिली राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|चिली]]सँग बराबरीमा खेलमा टोलीको तर्फबाट खेलेका थिए।<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.ca2011.com/selecoes_jogos.php?idS=c20ad4d76fe97759aa27a0c99bff6710 |title= Uruguay Matches |publisher= Copa América 2011 |work= CA2011.com |year= 2011 |access-date= 26 August 2011 |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20121107004226/http://www.ca2011.com/selecoes_jogos.php?idS=c20ad4d76fe97759aa27a0c99bff6710 |archive-date= 7 November 2012 |df= dmy-all }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121107004226/http://www.ca2011.com/selecoes_jogos.php?idS=c20ad4d76fe97759aa27a0c99bff6710 |date=7 November 2012 }}</ref> क्वाटरफाइनलमा उरुग्वेले आयोजक [[अर्जेन्टिना राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|अर्जेन्टिनासँग]] नियमित समय र थप समयसम्म १-१ को बराबरी खेलेेको थियो। उरुग्वेले पेनाल्टी सुटआउट ५-४ गोल अन्तरले खेल जितेको थियो। <ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.ca2011.com/jogos_tabela.php?idJ=7f1171a78ce0780a2142a6eb7bc4f3c8 |title= Matches: Argentina v Uruguay |publisher= Copa América 2011 |work= CA2011.com |date= 16 July 2011 |access-date= 26 August 2011 |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110826032140/http://www.ca2011.com/jogos_tabela.php?idJ=7f1171a78ce0780a2142a6eb7bc4f3c8 |archive-date= 26 August 2011 |df= dmy-all }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110826032140/http://www.ca2011.com/jogos_tabela.php?idJ=7f1171a78ce0780a2142a6eb7bc4f3c8 |date=26 August 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Fanning|first=Evan|date=16 July 2011|title=Argentina v Uruguay – as it happened {{!}} Evan Fanning|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2011/jul/16/argentina-uruguay-live-copa-america|access-date=27 May 2020|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> स्वारेजलेे सेमिफाइनलमा पेरु विरुद्धको २-० को जितमा दुवै गोल गर्दै खेलको उत्कृष्ट खेलाडी बनेका थिए।<ref>{{cite web|title=Suarez sends Uruguay through|url=https://www.fifa.com/confederationscup/news/newsid=1478029/index.html|date=20 July 2011|work=FIFA.com|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110818045844/http://www.fifa.com/confederationscup/news/newsid=1478029/index.html|archive-date=18 August 2011|access-date=26 August 2011}}</ref> फाइनलमा स्वारेजले सुरुवाती गोल गर्दै र [[डिएगो फोर्लान]]लाई दोस्रो गोललाई सहायता गरेका थिए। उरुग्वेले पारग्वेलाई ३-० ले हराएर किर्तिमानी १५ कोपा अमेरिका उपाधी जितेको थियो। <ref name="CopaAmerica">{{cite news|date=24 July 2011|title=Luis Suárez and Diego Forlán shoot Uruguay to record 15th Copa América|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2011/jul/24/uruguay-paraguay-copa-america|url-status=live|access-date=27 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131109223201/https://www.theguardian.com/football/2011/jul/24/uruguay-paraguay-copa-america|archive-date=9 November 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=24 July 2011|title=Diego Forlan leads Uruguay to Copa America victory|work=BBC Sport|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/14270152|access-date=27 May 2020}}</ref> स्वारेजले ४ गोल गर्दै <!-- Shootout goals don't count for total goals --> र दुई सहायता गरेका थिए। उनी प्रतियोगिताको सर्वोत्कृष्ट खेलाडी घोषित भएका थिए। <ref name="CopaAmerica"/><ref>{{Cite web|title=Suarez voted Player of Tournament at Copa America|url=http://en.people.cn/90001/90779/90871/7450624.html|date=25 July 2011|website=en.people.cn|access-date=27 May 2020}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210625020336/http://en.people.cn/90001/90779/90871/7450624.html |date=25 June 2021 }}</ref> ===२०१४ फिफा विश्व कप, टोकाइको तेस्रो घटना === [[File:FIFA World Cup 2014 - Uruguay 2 - England 1 - 140619-6454-jikatu (14282608880).jpg|thumb|left|२०१४ फिफा विश्व कपमा इंल्यान्ड विरुद्ध दुई गोल मध्ये एक गोलको खुसी मनाउँदै स्वारेज (बीचमा) ]] स्वारेज २०१४ विश्व कपको दक्षिण अमेरिकी छनोट अभियानमा सर्वाधिक गोलकर्ता भए। उनले १४ खेलमा ११ गोल गरेका थिए। <ref>{{cite news|title=Top scorers|work=FIFA|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/preliminaries/southamerica/statistics/topscorers.html|url-status=dead|access-date=15 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131016201108/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/preliminaries/southamerica/statistics/topscorers.html|archive-date=16 October 2013}}</ref> २०१३ नोबेम्बरमा एएफसी-कोन्मेबोल प्ले अफमा, उरुग्वेले जोर्डनलाई ५-० पराजित गरि [[२०१४ फिफा विश्वकप|२०१४ फिफा विश्व कप]]मा छनोट भयो।<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/25027589|title=World Cup 2014: Uruguay clinch final spot with Jordan win|date=21 November 2013|access-date=6 December 2013|work=BBC}}</ref> मे २२ मा, स्वारेजले आफ्नो बायाँ घुँडाको शल्यक्रिया गराउनु पर्यो। केही समयको लागि उनी व्हिलचेयरमा सिमित भए। यसबाट उनी विश्वकपमा सहभागी हुन नहुने बारे अडकलबाजी सुरु भयो। <ref>{{cite web|title=England's World Cup all but over as they lose to Uruguay|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/world-cup/10913384/Englands-World-Cup-all-but-over-as-they-lose-to-Uruguay.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/world-cup/10913384/Englands-World-Cup-all-but-over-as-they-lose-to-Uruguay.html |archive-date=11 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|publisher=The Telegraph|access-date=19 June 2014|date=19 June 2014}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2014/may/22/luis-suarez-world-cup-doubt-uruguay-knee-operation|title=Uruguay confident Luis Suárez will make World Cup despite knee surgery|work=The Guardian|location=United Kingdom|access-date=20 June 2014|date=22 May 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espn.co.uk/football/sport/story/310345.html|title=Missing World Cup would kill Suarez – Gerrard|publisher=ESPN|access-date=20 June 2014|date=25 May 2014}}{{Dead link|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> [[कोस्टारिका राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|कोस्टा रिका]] विरुद्धको उरुग्वेको पहिलो खेलमा उनी सब्स्टिच्युट थिए, तर खेल खेलेनन्। त्यो खेलमा उरुग्वे ३-१ ले पराजित भयो। स्वारेजले इंल्यान्ड विरुद्धको उरुग्वेको दोस्रो खेलबाट सुरुवात गरे। साउ पाउलोको एरिना कोरिन्थियन्स मैदानमा भएको खेलमा २-१ को जितमा स्वारेजले दुवै गोल गरे। <ref>{{cite news|last=Phil|first=McNulty|date=19 June 2014|title=World Cup 2014: Uruguay 2–1 England|work=BBC Sport|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/25285176|access-date=15 May 2020}}</ref> {{Quote box|width=27%|align=right|quote="These are just things that happen out on the pitch. It was just the two of us inside the area and he bumped into me with his shoulder and that's how my eye got like this as well. There are things that happen on the pitch and you should not make such a big deal out of them."|source=— Suárez's post-match interview against Italy, 24 June 2014.<ref>{{cite web|title=Suarez claims 'these things happen' in biting row|url=http://www.espn.co.uk/football/sport/story/318665.html|publisher=[[ESPN]]|access-date=27 June 2014}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140625062825/http://www.espn.co.uk/football/sport/story/318665.html |date=25 June 2014 }}</ref>}} {{Quote box|width=27%|align=right|quote="... I lost my balance ... falling on top of my opponent ... I hit my face against [Chiellini], leaving a small bruise on my cheek and a strong pain in my teeth."|source=— Suárez's defence to the FIFA Disciplinary Committee, 25 June.<ref name="lostbalance"/>}} {{Quote box|width=27%|align=right|quote="... the truth is that my colleague Giorgio Chiellini suffered the physical result of a bite in the collision he suffered with me ... I apologize to Giorgio Chiellini and the entire football family. I vow to the public that there will never again be another incident like [this]."|source=— Suárez on 30 June 2014.<ref name="Suarez apology Twitter"/>}} == अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय गोल == {{updated|८ जुन २०२१ |<ref name="NFT">{{NFT player|id=20658|name=लुई स्वारेज|accessdate=5 April 2018}}</ref>}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+ राष्ट्रिय टोलीमा वर्ष अनुसार खेल र गोल |- !राष्ट्रिय टोली!!वर्ष!!खेल!!गोल |- |rowspan=14|[[उरुग्वे राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|उरुग्वे]] |सन् २००७||६||२ |- |सन् २००८||१०||४ |- |सन् २००९||१२||३ |- |सन् २०१०||११||७ |- |सन् २०११||१३||१० |- |सन् २०१२||८||४ |- |सन् २०१३||१६||९ |- |सन् २०१४||६||५ |- |सन् २०१६||८||३ |- |सन् २०१७||५||२ |- |सन् २०१८||११||६ |- |सन् २०१९||७||४ |- |सन् २०२०||३||४ |- |सन् २०२१||२||० |- !colspan=2|कुल!!११८!!६३ |} ==जितेका उपाधिहरू== == सम्मान तथा पुरस्कारहरू == '''लिभरपुल ''' * फुटबल लिग कप: सन् २०११-१२ '''बार्सिलोना''' *[[ला लिगा]]: सन् २०१४-१५, सन् २०१५-१६, सन् २०१७-१८, सन् २०१८-१९ *[[कोपा डेल रे]]: सन् २०१४-१५, सन् २०१५-१६, सन् २०१६-१७, सन् २०१७-१८, *सुपर कोपा दे स्पाना: सन् २०१६, सन् २०१८ *[[युइएफए च्याम्पियन्स लिग|युएफा च्याम्पियन्स लिग]]: सन् २०१४-१५ *[[युएफा सुपर कप]]: सन् २०१५ *[[फिफा क्लब विश्व कप]]: सन् २०१५ '''एथ्लेटिको म्याड्रिड''' *[[ला लिगा]]: सन् २०२०-२१ '''उरुग्वे''' *[[कोपा अमेरिका]]: [[२०११ कोपा अमेरिका|सन् २०११]] == विवादहरू == स्वारेजलाई व्यापक रूपमा लडेको नाटक गर्ने आरोप लाग्ने गरेको छ। {{refn|group=note|<ref name="doeshedive">{{cite web|title=World Cup: England striker Daniel Sturridge insists he won't cheat to win|url=http://www1.skysports.com/FIFA-World-Cup-2014/news/12016/9351408/world-cup-england-striker-daniel-sturridge-insists-he-wont-cheat-to-win|publisher=Sky Sports|access-date=25 June 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Hunter|first=Andy|title=Liverpool's Luis Suárez has a history of diving, says David Moyes |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2012/oct/26/everton-david-moyes-liverpool-luis-suarez|work=The Guardian|access-date=19 January 2013|date=26 October 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Luis Suarez 'diving' debate continues|url=http://soccernet.espn.go.com/news/story/_/id/1185009/liverpool's-brendan-rodgers-defends-luis-suarez's-'diving'?|work=ESPN FC|access-date=19 January 2013}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121011070830/http://soccernet.espn.go.com/news/story/_/id/1185009/liverpool%27s-brendan-rodgers-defends-luis-suarez%27s-%27diving%27 |date=11 October 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Chelsea boss Jose Mourinho accuses Luis Suarez of diving|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/25545739|publisher=BBC Sport|access-date=25 June 2014}}</ref>}} उनको प्रशिक्षक, सहकर्मीहरू र धेरै विश्लेषकहरूले लडेको नाटक गर्ने उनको क्रियाकलापले गर्दा [[रेफ्री]]हरूले उनले पाउने पर्ने [[पेनाल्टी कार्ड|पेनाल्टी]] समेत दिँदैनन् भनेर टिप्पणी गरेका थिए। <ref>{{cite news|last=Percy|first=John|title=Luis Suárez is the victim of a referee witch-hunt over unfair reputation for diving, say Liverpool team-mates |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/teams/liverpool/9563720/Luis-Suarez-is-the-victim-of-a-referee-witch-hunt-over-unfair-reputation-for-diving-say-Liverpool-team-mates.html|work=The Daily Telegraph|access-date=19 January 2013|date=24 September 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Lacey|first=David|title=A reputation for diving is hard for referees to forget in a hurry|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/blog/2012/oct/05/luis-suarez-dives-referees|work=The Guardian|access-date=19 January 2013|date=5 October 2012}}</ref> सन् २०१३ को जनवरीमा स्वारेजले स्टोक सिटी विरुद्धको सन् २०१२ अक्टोबरको खेलमा लडेको नाटक गरेको स्वीकर गरेका थिए। त्यसपछि उनका व्यवस्थापक ब्रेन्डन रोड्जर्सले उनको काम "अस्वीकार्य" भएको टिप्पणी गरेका थिए र उनी आन्तरिक रूपमा क्लबमा कुरा गर्ने बताएका थिए <ref>{{cite web|title=Luis Suarez diving: Liverpool boss Brendan Rodgers reveals anger|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/21064709|date=17 January 2013|publisher=BBC Sport|access-date=19 January 2013}}</ref> सन् २०१८ को विश्वकपमा [[पोर्चुगल राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|पोर्चुगल]] विरुद्धको खेलमा पोर्चुगेली खेलाडीसँग ठोकिएपछि दुई पटक टाउकोमा चोट लागेको जस्तो नाटक उनले गरेतापनि स्वारेजको टाउको छोइएको थिएन। <ref>{{cite web |title=Luis Suarez back to his tenacious best as Uruguay beat Portugal |url=http://www.skysports.com/football/news/12098/11422374/luis-suarez-back-to-his-tenacious-best-as-uruguay-beat-portugal |publisher=ESPN |access-date=1 July 2018}}</ref> स्वारेजले अनेक पटक विपक्षी खेलाडीलाई टोकेकोमा बद्नाम भएका छन्। सन् २०१४ को विश्वकपको 'समूह घ' खेलमा स्वारेजले [[इटाली राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|इटाली]]का मध्यपङ्क्ति खेलाडी [[जर्जो किएलिनी]]लाई टोकेका थिए। परिणामस्वरूप [[फिफा]]ले उनलाई ४ महिना सबै प्रकारको फुटबल गतिविधिबाट निश्काशन गरेको थियो। [[लिभरपुल फुटबल क्लब|लिभरपुल]]बाट खेल्दा प्रिमियर लिगको खेलमा स्वारेजले चेल्सीका खेलाडी ब्रानिस्लाभ इभानोभिकलाई टोकेका थिए र सजायस्वरुप उनलाई १० खेलमा प्रतिबन्ध गरिएको थियो। यो भन्दा अघिल्लो घटनामा एएफसी आयाक्सबाट खेल्दा उनले ओट्मान बक्कललाई टोकेकोले उनलाई सात खेलमा निष्कासन गरिएको थियो। स्वारेजलाई प्रिमियर लिग र युएफा युरोपा लिगको खेलमा विपक्षी खेलाडीलाई खुट्टाले हान्नेेेको आरोप पनि लाग्ने गरेको छ। <ref>{{cite web|title=Luis Suarez accused of stamping by Wigan boss Roberto Martinez|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/20381086|last=Smith|first=Ben|date=17 November 2012|publisher=BBC Sport|access-date=27 June 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Everton v Liverpool: Luis Suárez is Anfield's inspiration but a pantomime villain to away fans|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/teams/liverpool/9639691/Everton-v-Liverpool-Luis-Suarez-is-Anfields-inspiration-but-a-pantomime-villain-to-away-fans.html|publisher=The Telegraph|access-date=27 June 2014|first=Jim |last=White}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Uefa says no investigation over Luis Suárez 'stamp' against Zenit|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2013/feb/26/luis-suarez-liverpool-zenit-stamp|publisher=BBC Sport|access-date=27 June 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Luis Suarez appears to stamp on Valencia's Aymen Abdennour|url=https://www.skysports.com/football/news/11827/10090918/suarez-delivers-vicious-stamp|website=Sky Sports|language=en|access-date=2020-05-27}}</ref> उनको लडेको नाटक गर्ने, स्टाम्पिङ र अन्य हास्यास्पद तथा असामान्य क्रियाकलापले गर्दा उनलाई बारम्बार आइस हक्कीको धोकेबाजको रूपमा सङ्ज्ञा दिइन्छ। <ref>{{Cite web|title=Luis Suarez back to his tenacious best as Uruguay beat Portugal|url=https://www.skysports.com/football/news/12098/11422374/luis-suarez-back-to-his-tenacious-best-as-uruguay-beat-portugal|website=Sky Sports|language=en|access-date=2020-05-15}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Barcelona star Luis Suarez slammed in scathing rant for Liverpool antics by Frank Leboeuf|url=https://www.express.co.uk/sport/football/1125949/Barcelona-Luis-Suarez-Liverpool-Champions-League-Frank-Leboeuf|last=Skinner|first=Adam|date=2019-05-12|website=Express.co.uk|language=en|access-date=2020-05-15}}</ref> सन् २०१३ को डिसेम्बरमा स्पेनी फुटबल वेबसाइट ''एल गोल डिजिटलले विश्वको सबैभन्दा खराब खेलाडीहरूको सूचीमा उनलाई पाँचौँ स्थानमा राखेको थियो। <ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.smh.com.au/sport/soccer/kevin-muscat-named-footballs-dirtiest-player-20131212-2z8r4.html |title=Kevin Muscat named football's dirtiest player |first=Dominic |last=Bossi |newspaper=Sydney Morning Herald |date=12 December 2013 |access-date=31 August 2014}}</ref> ==टिप्पणी== {{reflist|group=note}} ==सन्दर्भ सूची== {{reflist}} == बाह्य कडीहरू == {{कमन्सश्रेणी|Luis Suárez|लुइस स्वारेज}} *{{Official website|http://www.luissuarez9.com/en/}} *[https://www.fcbarcelona.com/football/first-team/staff/players/2017-2018/luis-suarez लुई स्वारेज] [[एफसी बार्सिलोना]]को वेबसाइट *[http://www.lfchistory.net/Players/Player/Profile/1224 लुई स्वारेज] लिभरपुल फुटबल क्लबको इतिहास *[http://www.premierleague.com/en-gb/players/profile.overview.html/luis-suarez लुई स्वारेज] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140706201522/http://www.premierleague.com/en-gb/players/profile.overview.html/luis-suarez |date=2014-07-06 }} [[प्रिमियर लिग]]मा {{Navboxes | title = Uruguay squads | bg = #5CBFEB | fg = black | bordercolor = gold | list1 = {{Uruguay squad 2010 FIFA World Cup}} {{Uruguay squad 2011 Copa América}} {{Uruguay men's football squad 2012 Summer Olympics}} {{Uruguay squad 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup}} {{Uruguay squad 2014 FIFA World Cup}} {{Uruguay squad Copa América Centenario}} {{Uruguay squad 2018 FIFA World Cup}} {{Uruguay squad 2019 Copa América}} {{Uruguay squad 2021 Copa América}} }} {{Navboxes | title = Awards | bg = gold | fg = navy | bordercolor = black | list1 = {{2011 Copa América Team of the Tournament}} {{Copa America MVP}} {{2012–13 Premier League PFA Team of the Year}} {{2013–14 Premier League PFA Team of the Year}} {{2015–16 La Liga Team of the Year}} {{Dutch Footballer of the Year}} {{FWA Footballer of the Year}} {{PFA Fans' Player of the Year}} {{PFA Players' Player of the Year}} {{Liverpool F.C. Player of the Season}} {{Premier League Player of the Season}} {{AFC Ajax Player of the Year}} {{FIFA Club World Cup Golden Ball}} {{European Golden Shoe}} {{Premier League Golden Boot}} {{La Liga top scorers}} {{Eredivisie top scorers}} {{Copa del Rey top scorers}} {{Trofeo EFE}} {{Trofeo Aldo Rovira}} {{Trofeo Alfredo Di Stéfano}} {{IFFHS World's Best Top Division Goal Scorer}} }} [[श्रेणी:उरुग्वेली फुटबल खेलाडीहरू]] [[श्रेणी:सन् १९८७ मा जन्म]] [[श्रेणी:जीवित मानिसहरू]] [[श्रेणी:ला लिगा खेलाडीहरू]] [[श्रेणी:एफसी बार्सिलोनाका खेलाडीहरू]] 30opung6tbepfyx5egf0hnik9dd5p6g 0 69445 1365883 902848 2026-07-13T12:44:25Z Bishaldev100 28807 1365883 wikitext text/x-wiki [[कार्बन]]युक्त मनोमरहरूको पोलिमराइजेसन प्रक्रियाद्वारा निर्माण गरिएको कृत्रिम [[पदार्थ]]हरूलाई प्लास्टिक भनिन्छ । [[चित्र:Plastic_household_items.jpg|अङ्गुठाकार|Household items made of various types of plastics]] विशेषता, प्लास्टिसिटीलाई परिभाषित गर्ने, प्लास्टिकलाई विभिन्न प्रकारका ठोस रूपहरूमा ढाल्न, बाहिर निकाल्न वा थिच्न सजिलो बनाउँछ। यो अनुकूलनशीलता, कम तौल, स्थायित्व, लचिलोपन, रासायनिक प्रतिरोध, कम विषाक्तता, र कम लागत उत्पादन जस्ता अन्य गुणहरूको विस्तृत दायरासँग मिलेर, विश्वभर यसको व्यापक प्रयोग भएको छ।<ref name="Ull">{{cite book|doi=10.1002/14356007.a20_543.pub2|chapter=Plastics, General Survey, 1. Definition, Molecular Structure and Properties|title=Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry|date=2015|last1=Elias|first1=Hans-Georg|last2=Mülhaupt|first2=Rolf|pages=1–70|isbn=978-3-527-30673-2}}</ref> धेरैजसो प्लास्टिक [[प्राकृतिक ग्याँस|प्राकृतिक ग्यास]] र पेट्रोलियमबाट उत्पादन गरिन्छ भने, बढ्दो अल्पसंख्यक पोलिल्याक्टिक एसिड जस्ता नवीकरणीय स्रोतहरूबाट उत्पादन गरिन्छ।<ref>{{cite web |title=Life Cycle of a Plastic Product |url=http://www.americanchemistry.com/s_plastics/doc.asp?CID=1571&DID=5972 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100317004747/http://www.americanchemistry.com/s_plastics/doc.asp?CID=1571&DID=5972 |archive-date=March 17, 2010 |access-date=July 1, 2011 |website=Americanchemistry.com |language=en}}</ref> १९५० देखि २०१७ सम्म, ९.२ अर्ब मेट्रिक टन प्लास्टिक बनेको अनुमान गरिएको छ, जुन आधाभन्दा बढी २००४ देखि उत्पादन भएको छ। २०२३ मा मात्र, प्रारम्भिक तथ्याङ्कले विश्वव्यापी रूपमा ४० करोड मेट्रिक टन भन्दा बढी प्लास्टिक उत्पादन भएको देखाउँछ।<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2023-04-13 |title=Global plastic production with projections, 1950 to 2060 |url=https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/global-plastic-production-projections?form=MG0AV3 |access-date=2025-01-06 |website=Our World In Data |language=en}}</ref> यदि प्लास्टिकको मागमा विश्वव्यापी प्रवृत्ति जारी रह्यो भने, २०६० सम्ममा वार्षिक विश्वव्यापी प्लास्टिक उत्पादन १.३ अर्ब टन नाघ्ने अनुमान गरिएको छ।<ref name=":2" /> प्लास्टिकको प्राथमिक प्रयोगमा प्याकेजिङ समावेश छ, जसले यसको प्रयोगको लगभग ४०% ओगटेको छ, र भवन र निर्माण, जसले यसको प्रयोगको लगभग २०% ओगटेको छ।<ref name="Ull" /> [[श्रेणी:विज्ञान]] bin3r24cxjsj9egkoswua4kbf6noqu0 0 69688 1365882 1136422 2026-07-13T12:32:30Z Bishaldev100 28807 1365882 wikitext text/x-wiki [[चित्र:Handmade_soap_cropped_and_simplified.jpg|अङ्गुठाकार|A handmade soap bar]] शरिर, कपडा, भाँडाकुँडा आदिको [[मयल]] धुन प्रयोग हुने [[बोसो]]बाट बनेको [[इँट|ईटा]] जस्तो टुक्रो नै साबुन हो | [[श्रेणी:शब्दार्थ]] 12dfvrlgwn325s918o19erv6bxifh1v 1365929 1365882 2026-07-14T04:22:13Z Bishaldev100 28807 1365929 wikitext text/x-wiki [[चित्र:Handmade_soap_cropped_and_simplified.jpg|अङ्गुठाकार|A handmade soap bar]] शरिर, कपडा, भाँडाकुँडा आदिको [[मयल]] धुन प्रयोग हुने [[बोसो]]बाट बनेको [[इँट|ईटा]] जस्तो टुक्रो नै साबुन हो | == साबुनको लागि कच्चा पदार्थ == साबुन उत्पादनको लागि तेल र बोसो ठूलो मात्रामा प्रयोग गरिन्छ। तेलहरूमा, महुआ, अम्बा, बदाम, ताड, ताडको गुद्दी, कपासको बीउ, अलसी, जैतून र भटमासको तेल, र जनावरको तेल र बोसोमा, माछा र [[ह्वेल]]को बोसो र हड्डीको तेल अत्यन्त महत्त्वपूर्ण छन्। यी तेल र बोसोको अतिरिक्त, रोजिन पनि प्रयोग गरिन्छ। धेरैजसो साबुनहरू एउटै तेलबाट बनाइँदैनन्, यद्यपि केही तेलहरू तिनीहरूबाट बनाउन सकिन्छ। राम्रो साबुनको लागि, धेरै तेलहरू वा तेल र बोसोहरू मिलाइन्छ। विभिन्न प्रकारका साबुनहरू फरक उद्देश्यका लागि बनाइन्छ। लुगा धुने साबुन सस्तो हुनुपर्छ। नुहाउने साबुन महँगो हुन सक्छ। [[श्रेणी:शब्दार्थ]] s89n3zv06sypn9u0su0c9xtw1872pmh 0 71538 1365872 1365866 2026-07-13T12:18:13Z Bishaldev100 28807 /* आरोहण */ 1365872 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wikify|नोभेम्बर २०१४}}{{Infobox person | name = | image = | alt = | caption = | other_names = | birth_name = फु दोर्जे | birth_date = 1949 | birth_place = सिक्किम | death_date = 1987 | death_place = सिक्किम, भारत | occupation = [[पर्वतारोहण ]] | known_for = | spouse = }} '''फु डोर्जे''' बिना अक्सिजन [[सगरमाथा]] आरोहण पहिलो ब्यक्ति हुन । == आरोहण == {| class="wikitable sortable" ! !तस्वीर !शिखर !उचाइ !महाद्वीप !आरोहण मिति |- |1 |[[चित्र:Everest_kalapatthar_crop.jpg|122x122पिक्सेल]] |[[सगरमाथा]] |{{Convert|8848|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} |एशिया | |} {{ठुटो}} [[श्रेणी:अनाथ पृष्ठहरू]] ehjj6moykvbg68450sh3n35y3pwi1s0 1365873 1365872 2026-07-13T12:21:41Z Bishaldev100 28807 1365873 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wikify|नोभेम्बर २०१४}}{{Infobox person | name = | image = | alt = | caption = | other_names = | birth_name = फु दोर्जे | birth_date = 1949 | birth_place = सिक्किम | death_date = 1987 | death_place = सिक्किम, भारत | occupation = [[पर्वतारोहण ]] | known_for = | spouse = }} '''फु डोर्जे''' बिना अक्सिजन [[सगरमाथा]] आरोहण पहिलो ब्यक्ति हुन । == सगरमाथा == उनले ५ मे १९८४ मा दर्शन कुमार खुल्लरको नेतृत्वमा भारतीय अभियानको सदस्यको रूपमा सगरमाथाको एकल आरोहण गरेका थिए। उनले साउथ इस्ट रिजबाट चुचुरो चढे<ref name="Hoyland">{{cite web |last=Hoyland |first=Graham |date=29 January 2022 |title=Who Was the First Indian Man to Climb Mount Everest? |url=https://mounteverest.info/who-was-the-first-indian-man-to-climb-mount-everest/ |access-date=5 February 2025}}</ref> र कुनै पनि अक्सिजन प्रयोग नगरी शिखरमा पुग्ने पहिलो भारतीय थिए।<ref>{{Cite web |title=The first Indian man to climb Mount Everest without oxygen-Phu Dorjee |url=https://www.indianbookofrecords.com/first-man-to-climb-mount-everest-without-oxygen.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190827094449/https://www.indianbookofrecords.com/first-man-to-climb-mount-everest-without-oxygen.html |archive-date=27 August 2019 |access-date=27 August 2019 |website=www.indianbookofrecords.com}}</ref> == आरोहण == {| class="wikitable sortable" ! !तस्वीर !शिखर !उचाइ !महाद्वीप !आरोहण मिति |- |1 |[[चित्र:Everest_kalapatthar_crop.jpg|122x122पिक्सेल]] |[[सगरमाथा]] |{{Convert|8848|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} |एशिया | |} {{ठुटो}} [[श्रेणी:अनाथ पृष्ठहरू]] 3dn234z81krs7syqw1mn43rkrutgzxs 1365874 1365873 2026-07-13T12:24:38Z Bishaldev100 28807 /* सगरमाथा */ 1365874 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wikify|नोभेम्बर २०१४}}{{Infobox person | name = | image = | alt = | caption = | other_names = | birth_name = फु दोर्जे | birth_date = 1949 | birth_place = सिक्किम | death_date = 1987 | death_place = सिक्किम, भारत | occupation = [[पर्वतारोहण ]] | known_for = | spouse = }} '''फु डोर्जे''' बिना अक्सिजन [[सगरमाथा]] आरोहण पहिलो ब्यक्ति हुन । == सगरमाथा == उनले ५ मे १९८४ मा दर्शन कुमार खुल्लरको नेतृत्वमा भारतीय अभियानको सदस्यको रूपमा सगरमाथाको एकल आरोहण गरेका थिए। उनले साउथ इस्ट रिजबाट चुचुरो चढे<ref name="Hoyland">{{cite web |last=Hoyland |first=Graham |date=29 January 2022 |title=Who Was the First Indian Man to Climb Mount Everest? |url=https://mounteverest.info/who-was-the-first-indian-man-to-climb-mount-everest/ |access-date=5 February 2025}}</ref> र कुनै पनि अक्सिजन प्रयोग नगरी शिखरमा पुग्ने पहिलो भारतीय थिए।<ref>{{Cite web |title=The first Indian man to climb Mount Everest without oxygen-Phu Dorjee |url=https://www.indianbookofrecords.com/first-man-to-climb-mount-everest-without-oxygen.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190827094449/https://www.indianbookofrecords.com/first-man-to-climb-mount-everest-without-oxygen.html |archive-date=27 August 2019 |access-date=27 August 2019 |website=www.indianbookofrecords.com}}</ref> == आरोहण == {| class="wikitable sortable" ! !तस्वीर !शिखर !उचाइ !महाद्वीप !आरोहण मिति |- |1 |[[चित्र:Everest_kalapatthar_crop.jpg|122x122पिक्सेल]] |[[सगरमाथा]] |{{Convert|8848|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} |एशिया |१९८४ |- | | |[[ससेर काङ्गरी]] |७,६७२&#x20;मी (२५,१७१&#x20;फिट) |एशिया |१९८५ |- | | |[[कञ्चनजङ्घा हिमाल|कञ्चनजङ्घा]] | |एशिया | |} {{ठुटो}} [[श्रेणी:अनाथ पृष्ठहरू]] rimpmlrqxo0u4o3ws4vtfe7l1zwxu56 1365875 1365874 2026-07-13T12:25:03Z Bishaldev100 28807 1365875 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wikify|नोभेम्बर २०१४}}{{Infobox person | name = | image = | alt = | caption = | other_names = | birth_name = फु दोर्जे | birth_date = 1949 | birth_place = सिक्किम | death_date = 1987 | death_place = कञ्चनजङ्घा, नेपाल | occupation = [[पर्वतारोहण ]] | known_for = | spouse = }} '''फु डोर्जे''' बिना अक्सिजन [[सगरमाथा]] आरोहण पहिलो ब्यक्ति हुन । == सगरमाथा == उनले ५ मे १९८४ मा दर्शन कुमार खुल्लरको नेतृत्वमा भारतीय अभियानको सदस्यको रूपमा सगरमाथाको एकल आरोहण गरेका थिए। उनले साउथ इस्ट रिजबाट चुचुरो चढे<ref name="Hoyland">{{cite web |last=Hoyland |first=Graham |date=29 January 2022 |title=Who Was the First Indian Man to Climb Mount Everest? |url=https://mounteverest.info/who-was-the-first-indian-man-to-climb-mount-everest/ |access-date=5 February 2025}}</ref> र कुनै पनि अक्सिजन प्रयोग नगरी शिखरमा पुग्ने पहिलो भारतीय थिए।<ref>{{Cite web |title=The first Indian man to climb Mount Everest without oxygen-Phu Dorjee |url=https://www.indianbookofrecords.com/first-man-to-climb-mount-everest-without-oxygen.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190827094449/https://www.indianbookofrecords.com/first-man-to-climb-mount-everest-without-oxygen.html |archive-date=27 August 2019 |access-date=27 August 2019 |website=www.indianbookofrecords.com}}</ref> == आरोहण == {| class="wikitable sortable" ! !तस्वीर !शिखर !उचाइ !महाद्वीप !आरोहण मिति |- |1 |[[चित्र:Everest_kalapatthar_crop.jpg|122x122पिक्सेल]] |[[सगरमाथा]] |{{Convert|8848|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} |एशिया |१९८४ |- | | |[[ससेर काङ्गरी]] |७,६७२&#x20;मी (२५,१७१&#x20;फिट) |एशिया |१९८५ |- | | |[[कञ्चनजङ्घा हिमाल|कञ्चनजङ्घा]] | |एशिया | |} {{ठुटो}} [[श्रेणी:अनाथ पृष्ठहरू]] ayz95p99hebvd898anda32738w2x25p 1365877 1365875 2026-07-13T12:28:03Z Bishaldev100 28807 /* आरोहण */ 1365877 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wikify|नोभेम्बर २०१४}}{{Infobox person | name = | image = | alt = | caption = | other_names = | birth_name = फु दोर्जे | birth_date = 1949 | birth_place = सिक्किम | death_date = 1987 | death_place = कञ्चनजङ्घा, नेपाल | occupation = [[पर्वतारोहण ]] | known_for = | spouse = }} '''फु डोर्जे''' बिना अक्सिजन [[सगरमाथा]] आरोहण पहिलो ब्यक्ति हुन । == सगरमाथा == उनले ५ मे १९८४ मा दर्शन कुमार खुल्लरको नेतृत्वमा भारतीय अभियानको सदस्यको रूपमा सगरमाथाको एकल आरोहण गरेका थिए। उनले साउथ इस्ट रिजबाट चुचुरो चढे<ref name="Hoyland">{{cite web |last=Hoyland |first=Graham |date=29 January 2022 |title=Who Was the First Indian Man to Climb Mount Everest? |url=https://mounteverest.info/who-was-the-first-indian-man-to-climb-mount-everest/ |access-date=5 February 2025}}</ref> र कुनै पनि अक्सिजन प्रयोग नगरी शिखरमा पुग्ने पहिलो भारतीय थिए।<ref>{{Cite web |title=The first Indian man to climb Mount Everest without oxygen-Phu Dorjee |url=https://www.indianbookofrecords.com/first-man-to-climb-mount-everest-without-oxygen.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190827094449/https://www.indianbookofrecords.com/first-man-to-climb-mount-everest-without-oxygen.html |archive-date=27 August 2019 |access-date=27 August 2019 |website=www.indianbookofrecords.com}}</ref> == आरोहण == {| class="wikitable sortable" ! !तस्वीर !शिखर !उचाइ !महाद्वीप !आरोहण मिति |- |1 |[[चित्र:Everest_kalapatthar_crop.jpg|122x122पिक्सेल]] |[[सगरमाथा]] |{{Convert|8848|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} |एशिया |१९८४ |- | | |[[ससेर काङ्गरी]] |७,६७२&#x20;मी (२५,१७१&#x20;फिट) |एशिया |१९८५ |- | | |[[कञ्चनजङ्घा हिमाल|कञ्चनजङ्घा]] | |एशिया | |} {{ठुटो}} ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} [[श्रेणी:अनाथ पृष्ठहरू]] e81hcaizw2323i16wtnr5h2k9a4qa80 0 75122 1365934 1348170 2026-07-14T04:38:14Z पर्वत सुवेदी 31224 [[विकिपिडिया:हटक्याट|हटक्याट]]द्वारा [[श्रेणी:हिन्दु पौराणिक कथामा महिलाहरू]] जोडियो 1365934 wikitext text/x-wiki {{छोटो विवरण|हिन्दु महाकाव्यका पाँच प्रतिष्ठित नायिकाहरूको समूह}} [[File:Panchakanya.jpg|thumb|250px|''पञ्चकन्या'', रवि वर्मा प्रेसबाट सन् १९४५ पूर्वको चित्र।]] '''पञ्चकन्या''' हिन्दु महाकाव्यका पाँच प्रतिष्ठित महिलाहरूको समूह हो। एक प्रसिद्ध श्लोकका अनुसार यी पाँच कन्याहरूको नाम स्मरण गर्दा मात्र पनि पाप नाश हुने विश्वास गरिन्छ। यी पाँच कन्याहरूमा [[अहिल्या]], [[द्रौपदी]], [[कुन्ती]], [[तारा (रामायण)|तारा]] र [[मन्दोदरी]] पर्दछन्। द्रौपदी र कुन्ती '''[[महाभारत]]'''का पात्र हुन् भने अहिल्या, तारा र मन्दोदरी '''[[रामायण]]'''का पात्र हुन्।<ref name="Bhatta">{{Cite journal |author=Pradip Bhattacharya |title=Five Holy Virgins |url=http://www.manushi-india.org/pdfs_issues/PDF%20141/03%20panchakanya%204-12.pdf |journal=[[Manushi]] |access-date=10 January 2013}}</ref> हिन्दु धर्ममा पञ्चकन्याहरूलाई आदर्श महिला र उदाहरणीय पत्नीको रूपमा सम्मान गरिन्छ।<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Leeming |first1=David |title=The Goddess: Myths of the Great Mother |last2=Fee |first2=Christopher |date=2016-03-15 |publisher=Reaktion Books |isbn=978-1-78023-538-7 |pages=28 |language=en}}</ref> == रामायणबाट == अहिल्या, तारा र मन्दोदरीको उल्लेख हिन्दु महाकाव्य '''[[रामायण]]'''मा गरिएको छ। यस महाकाव्यकी मुख्य पात्र [[सीता]]लाई पनि कहिलेकाहीँ पञ्चकन्याको सूचीमा समावेश गरिन्छ। === अहिल्या === [[File:Ahalya.jpg|thumb|250px|[[राजा रवि वर्मा]]द्वारा चित्रित ''अहिल्या'']] {{main|अहिल्या}} अहिल्या (वा अहल्या) ऋषि [[गौतम ऋषि|गौतम]]की पत्नी हुन्। विभिन्न ग्रन्थहरूमा अहिल्यालाई सृष्टिकर्ता [[ब्रह्मा]]ले एक निष्कलङ्क सुन्दरीको रूपमा सिर्जना गरेको वर्णन गरिएको छ। ब्रह्माले अहिल्यालाई युवती नभएसम्म गौतम ऋषिको हेरचाहमा राखेका थिए। ऋषिको संयमबाट प्रसन्न भई ब्रह्माले उनलाई गौतम ऋषिसँगै विवाह गरिदिएका थिए। देवराज [[इन्द्र]] अहिल्याको सुन्दरताबाट मोहित थिए। गौतम ऋषिको अनुपस्थितिमा इन्द्रले ऋषिको भेष धारण गरी अहिल्यालाई संसर्गका लागि आग्रह गर्छन्। रामायणका अनुसार अहिल्याले इन्द्रको छद्मभेष चिनेकी थिइन्, तर "कौतूहलवश" उनले सहमति जनाउँछिन्। पछिल्ला संस्करणहरूमा भने अहिल्या इन्द्रको छलमा परेको वा उनीमाथि जबरजस्ती गरिएको उल्लेख छ। यो घटनापछि गौतम ऋषिले अहिल्या र इन्द्र दुवैलाई श्राप दिन्छन्। अहिल्यालाई लामो समयसम्म अदृश्य रहेर प्रायश्चित गर्न र [[राम]] (विष्णुका अवतार) को स्वागत गरेपछि मात्र शुद्ध हुने श्राप दिइन्छ। लोककथाहरूमा अहिल्या ढुङ्गा बनेको र रामको खुट्टाले छोएपछि पुनः मानिस बनेको कथा बढी लोकप्रिय छ। === तारा === [[File:Episode from Kishkinda Kanda.jpg|thumb|250px|तारा र सुग्रीव (बायाँ) किसकिन्धाको दरबारमा लक्ष्मण र हनुमान (दायाँ) लाई भेट्दै]] {{मुख्य|तारा (रामायण)}} तारा [[किष्किन्धा]]की रानी र वानर राजा [[बाली (रामायण)|बाली]]की पत्नी हुन्। बालीको मृत्युपछि उनले बालीका भाइ [[सुग्रीव]]सँग विवाह गर्छिन्। रामायणका अनुसार उनी वानर वैद्य सुषेणकी छोरी हुन् भने अन्य स्रोतहरूका अनुसार उनी [[समुद्र मन्थन]]बाट उत्पन्न भएकी अप्सरा हुन्। उनले बालीबाट [[अङ्गद]] नामक पुत्रलाई जन्म दिन्छिन्। बाली र सुग्रीवको युद्धमा रामको वाणबाट बालीको मृत्यु हुन्छ। मृत्युशय्यामा रहेका बालीले सुग्रीवलाई सबै महत्त्वपूर्ण निर्णयहरूमा ताराको सल्लाह लिन निर्देशन दिन्छन्। बालीको मृत्युपछि ताराको विलाप रामायणको एक मार्मिक पक्ष हो। कतिपय संस्करणमा उनले रामलाई श्राप दिएको उल्लेख छ। पछि, सुग्रीव आफ्नो वाचा बिर्सेर भोगविलास र तारासँगको समयमा मग्न हुँदा, क्रुद्ध भएका [[लक्ष्मण]]लाई शान्त पारी राम र सुग्रीवबीच मेलमिलाप गराउन ताराले कूटनीतिक भूमिका निर्वाह गरेकी थिइन्। === मन्दोदरी === [[File: Hanuman obtaining Mandodari's weapon.jpg|thumb|250px|left|हनुमानले मन्दोदरीबाट त्यो अस्त्र लिँदै जसले रावणको मृत्यु गरायो।]] {{main|मन्दोदरी}} मन्दोदरी [[लङ्का]]का राक्षस राजा [[रावण]]की रानी हुन्। उनलाई सुन्दर, धर्मी र न्यायप्रिय मानिन्छ। उनी असुर राजा [[मयासुर]] र अप्सरा हेमाकी छोरी हुन्। रावणले मन्दोदरीको सुन्दरताबाट मोहित भएर उनीसँग विवाह गरेका थिए। उनीहरूका [[मेघनाद]], [[अतिकाय]] र [[अक्षयकुमार]] गरि तीन छोराहरू थिए। आफ्नो पतिको गल्तीहरू थाहा हुँदाहुँदै पनि मन्दोदरीले उनलाई माया गर्थिन् र सधैँ धर्मको बाटो अपनाउन सल्लाह दिन्थिन्। उनले पटक-पटक रावणलाई सीता फिर्ता गर्न आग्रह गर्दा पनि तर रावणले अस्वीकार गर्छन्। रामायणमा रावणप्रतिको उनको निष्ठाको प्रशंसा गरिएको छ। रावणको मृत्युपछि, रामको सल्लाहमा उनले [[विभीषण]]सँग विवाह गरेको उल्लेख कतिपय संस्करणमा पाइन्छ। === सीता === {{मुख्य|सीता}} सीता रामायणकी देवी र भगवान रामकी पत्नी हुन्। उनलाई [[विष्णु]] र [[लक्ष्मी]]का अवतार मानिन्छ। सीतालाई हिन्दु महिलाहरूका लागि आदर्श पत्नी र नारी गुणहरूको प्रतीक मानिन्छ। उनी मिथिलाका राजा [[जनक]]की धर्मपुत्री हुन्, जो खेत जोत्दा पृथ्वीबाट प्रकट भएकी थिइन्। अयोध्याका राजकुमार रामले [[स्वयंवर]]मा शिवको धनुष भाँचेर सीतासँग विवाह गर्छन्। रामलाई १४ वर्षको वनवास हुँदा सीताले पनि दरबारको सुख त्यागेर उनीसँगै वन जाने निर्णय गर्छिन्। वनवासको क्रममा रावणले उनको अपहरण गरी लङ्काको [[अशोक वाटिका]]मा बन्दी बनाउँछ। रामले रावणको वध गरी उनलाई मुक्त गर्छन्। अयोध्या फर्किएपछि आफ्नो पवित्रता प्रमाणित गर्न उनले [[अग्नि परीक्षा]] समेत दिनुपर्दछ। == सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू == {{सन्दर्भसूची}} {{पञ्चकन्याहरू}} [[श्रेणी:हिन्दु देवीदेवताहरू]] [[श्रेणी:रामायणका पात्रहरू]] [[श्रेणी:महाभारतका पात्रहरू]] [[श्रेणी:हिन्दु पौराणिक कथामा महिलाहरू]] tio3vw7xaygq2mgdl56zalr4cc6epnf 0 79210 1365963 1351000 2026-07-14T05:51:02Z Rajeeb bastola 39875 1365963 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement <!--See the table at Infobox settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage--> <!-- आधारभूत जानकारी -->| name = | other_name = | native_name = | nickname = | settlement_type = [[नगरपालिका]] | motto = <!-- images and maps --> | image_skyline = | image_caption = | image_flag = | image_seal = | image_map = | pushpin_label_position = bottom | pushpin_map_caption = बागमती प्रदेशको नक्सामा {{पृष्ठको नाम}}को अवस्थिति | pushpin_map = Nepal Bagmati Province#Nepal <!-- अवस्थिति--> | subdivision_type = [[देश]] | subdivision_name = {{झण्डा|नेपाल}} | subdivision_type1 = [[नेपालका प्रदेशहरू|प्रदेश]] | subdivision_name1 = [[बागमती प्रदेश]] | subdivision_type2 = [[नेपालका जिल्लाहरू|जिल्ला]] | subdivision_name2 = [[काठमाडौँ जिल्ला|काठमाडौँ]] |<!-- राजनीति--> | government_footnotes =<ref name="निर्वाचन २०७९">{{cite news|title=स्थानीय तह निर्वाचन २०७९|url=https://localelection2079.ekantipur.com/pradesh-3/district-kathmandu/tarakeshwor?lng=nep|accessdate=०९ साउन २०८१|language=नेपाली|publisher=कान्तिपुर दैनिक}}</ref> | government_type = | leader_title = [[नगरप्रमुख]] | leader_name = कृष्‍णहरी महर्जन <small> ([[नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस|ने.का.]]) | leader_title1 = [[उपप्रमुख]] | leader_name1 = सृजना बुर्लाकोटी <small> ([[नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस|ने.का.]]) | established_title = स्थापित | established_date = २०७१ मङ्सिर १६ | unit_pref = <!--Enter: Imperial, if Imperial (metric) is desired--> | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 54.95<!-- ALL fields dealing with a measurements are subject to automatic unit conversion--> |population_as_of = [[नेपालको बाह्रौँ राष्ट्रिय जनगणना, २०७८|राष्ट्रिय जनगणना २०७८]] |population_footnotes =<ref name="जनगणना २०७८">{{cite web |title=जनसङ्ख्याको आकार र वितरण|url=https://censusnepal.cbs.gov.np/results/np/population?province=3&district=28&municipality=6|accessdate=२९ जेठ २०८१|work=राष्ट्रिय जनगणना २०७८|publisher=[[राष्ट्रिय तथ्याङ्क कार्यालय (नेपाल)|राष्ट्रिय तथ्याङ्क कार्यालय]]|language=नेपाली}}</ref> | population_total = 151479 | population_density_km2 = auto | population_blank1_title = Ethnicities <!-- साधारण जानकारी -->| timezone = [[नेपालको प्रमाणिक समय|नेपाली समय]] | utc_offset = +५:४५ | timezone_DST = | utc_offset_DST = | coordinates = {{coord|27|44|48|N|85|30|35|E|region:NP_type:city_source:GNS-enwiki|display=inline,title}} | elevation_footnotes = <!--for references: use <ref> </ref> tags--> | elevation_m = <!-- Area/postal codes & others --> | postal_code_type = | postal_code = | area_code = +९७७-०१ | blank_name = केन्द्र | blank_info = साविक [[धर्मस्थली]] गाविसको कार्यालय | website = [http://www.tarakeshwormun.gov.np/ne आधिकारिक वेबसाइट] | footnotes = }} '''{{पृष्ठको नाम}}''' [[काठमाडौँ जिल्ला]]का १० वटा [[नगरपालिका]]हरू मध्ये एक हो।<ref name="गाउँपालिका वा नगरपालिका">{{cite web|title=हेर्नुहोस्, तपाईँ कुन गाउँपालिका वा नगरपालिकामा पर्नुभयो?|url=http://setopati.com/raajneeti/64651/|publisher=सेतोपाटी|accessdate=फाल्गुन २०७३|ref=http://setopati.com/raajneeti/64651/}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170312170008/http://setopati.com/raajneeti/64651/ |date=2017-03-12 }}</ref> २०७१ मङ्सिर १६ मा, नगरपालिका घोषणा गर्दा साविकका [[साङला, काठमाडौँ|साङला]], [[जितपुरफेदी]], [[काभ्रेस्थली]], [[धर्मस्थली]], [[गोलढुङ्गा]], [[मनमैंजु]] र [[फुटुङ]] [[गाउँ विकास समिति (नेपाल)|गाविस]]हरू यसमा गाभिएका थिए। ==जनसङ्ख्या== [[नेपालको बाह्रौँ राष्ट्रिय जनगणना, २०७८|राष्ट्रिय जनगणना २०७८]]को जनगणना अनुसार {{पृष्ठको नाम}}को कुल जनसङ्ख्या १,५१,४७९ रहेको छ भने यहाँ ४१,३६२ घरधुरी रहेका छन्।<ref name="जनगणना २०७८"/> == वडागत विभाजन र जनसङ्ख्या == नेपालको [[नेपालको बाह्रौँ राष्ट्रिय जनगणना, २०७८|बाह्रौँ राष्ट्रिय जनगणना, २०७८]] अनुसार तारकेश्वर नगरपालिकाको कुल जनसङ्ख्या १,५१,४७९ रहेको छ। यस नगरपालिकालाई ११ वटा वडाहरूमा विभाजन गरिएको छ। नगरपालिकाको वडागत विवरण, क्षेत्रफल र जनघनत्वको विस्तृत तथ्याङ्क तलको तालिकामा दिइएको छ: {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" |+ तारकेश्वर नगरपालिकाको वडागत विभाजन, जनसङ्ख्या र जनघनत्व (२०७८) |- ! वडा नं. !! समावेश साविकका वडाहरू !! जनसङ्ख्या (२०७८) !! क्षेत्रफल (वर्ग कि.मी.) !! जनघनत्व (व्यक्ति/वर्ग कि.मी.) |- | १ || [[साङला, काठमाडौँ|साङला]] || ६,७७२ || ५.९८ || १,१३२.४४ |- | २ || [[काभ्रेस्थली]] || १३,१५४ || ८.५४ || १,५४०.२८ |- | ३ || [[जितपुरफेदी]] || ६,९४६ || ८.९५ || ७७६.०९ |- | ४ || [[गोलढुङ्गा]] (१-२) || १८,३२४ || ०.९१ || २०,१३६.२६ |- | ५ || [[गोलढुङ्गा]] (३-९) || १७,७३२ || ४.२४ || ४,१८२.०८ |- | ६ || [[धर्मस्थली]] || १३,६२८ || १.८६ || ७,३२६.८८ |- | ७ || [[फुटुङ]] || १२,८२१ || १.४२ || ९,०२८.८७ |- | ८ || [[मनमैंजु]] (८) || १७,५७३ || ०.४४ || ३९,९३८.६४ |- | ९ || [[मनमैंजु]] (३-४,६-७) || १६,९९५ || १.७४ || ९,७६७.२४ |- | १० || [[मनमैंजु]] (२,५) || १४,३३२ || ०.४५ || ३१,८४८.८९ |- | ११ || [[मनमैंजु]] (१,९) || १३,२०२ || ०.४२ || ३१,४३३.३३ |- ! colspan="2" | जम्मा !! १,५१,४७९ !! ३४.९५ !! ४,३३४.१६ |} ==पर्यटकीय सम्भावना== शिवपुरी राष्ट्रिय निकुञ्जको काखमा रहेको यो नगरपालिका पश्चिममा नुवाकोटको ओखरपौवा गाविस, पूर्वमा टोखा नगरपालिका र दक्षिणमा काठमाडौँ महानगरपालिका अवस्थित छ। नगरपालिकाको नामाकरण गरिएको तारकेश्वर महादेव धार्मिक स्थल साथै पर्यटकीइ थलो पनि हो। शिवपुरी राष्ट्रिय निकुञ्जभित्र रहेको यो स्थल २ हजार मिटरभन्दा उच्च स्थानमा छ। ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} {{काठमाडौँ जिल्लाका स्थानीय तहहरू}} ==बाह्य कडीहरू== *[http://www.ddcktm.gov.np/ जिल्ला विकास समितिको कार्यालय, काठमाडौँ] [[श्रेणी:काठमाडौँ जिल्लाका नगरपालिकाहरू]] [[श्रेणी:बागमती प्रदेशका नगरपालिकाहरू]] [[श्रेणी:वि.सं. २०७१ मा घोषित नगरपालिकाहरू]] hostl00c920kmn0vkm4j8vhxoy7e5j7 1365964 1365963 2026-07-14T05:55:41Z Rajeeb bastola 39875 1365964 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement <!--See the table at Infobox settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage--> <!-- आधारभूत जानकारी -->| name = | other_name = | native_name = | nickname = | settlement_type = [[नगरपालिका]] | motto = <!-- images and maps --> | image_skyline = | image_caption = | image_flag = | image_seal = | image_map = | pushpin_label_position = bottom | pushpin_map_caption = बागमती प्रदेशको नक्सामा {{पृष्ठको नाम}}को अवस्थिति | pushpin_map = Nepal Bagmati Province#Nepal <!-- अवस्थिति--> | subdivision_type = [[देश]] | subdivision_name = {{झण्डा|नेपाल}} | subdivision_type1 = [[नेपालका प्रदेशहरू|प्रदेश]] | subdivision_name1 = [[बागमती प्रदेश]] | subdivision_type2 = [[नेपालका जिल्लाहरू|जिल्ला]] | subdivision_name2 = [[काठमाडौँ जिल्ला|काठमाडौँ]] |<!-- राजनीति--> | government_footnotes =<ref name="निर्वाचन २०७९">{{cite news|title=स्थानीय तह निर्वाचन २०७९|url=https://localelection2079.ekantipur.com/pradesh-3/district-kathmandu/tarakeshwor?lng=nep|accessdate=०९ साउन २०८१|language=नेपाली|publisher=कान्तिपुर दैनिक}}</ref> | government_type = | leader_title = [[नगरप्रमुख]] | leader_name = कृष्‍णहरी महर्जन <small> ([[नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस|ने.का.]]) | leader_title1 = [[उपप्रमुख]] | leader_name1 = सृजना बुर्लाकोटी <small> ([[नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस|ने.का.]]) | established_title = स्थापित | established_date = २०७१ मङ्सिर १६ | unit_pref = <!--Enter: Imperial, if Imperial (metric) is desired--> | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 54.95<!-- ALL fields dealing with a measurements are subject to automatic unit conversion--> |population_as_of = [[नेपालको बाह्रौँ राष्ट्रिय जनगणना, २०७८|राष्ट्रिय जनगणना २०७८]] |population_footnotes =<ref name="जनगणना २०७८">{{cite web |title=जनसङ्ख्याको आकार र वितरण|url=https://censusnepal.cbs.gov.np/results/np/population?province=3&district=28&municipality=6|accessdate=२९ जेठ २०८१|work=राष्ट्रिय जनगणना २०७८|publisher=[[राष्ट्रिय तथ्याङ्क कार्यालय (नेपाल)|राष्ट्रिय तथ्याङ्क कार्यालय]]|language=नेपाली}}</ref> | population_total = 151479 | population_density_km2 = auto | population_blank1_title = Ethnicities <!-- साधारण जानकारी -->| timezone = [[नेपालको प्रमाणिक समय|नेपाली समय]] | utc_offset = +५:४५ | timezone_DST = | utc_offset_DST = | coordinates = {{coord|27|44|48|N|85|30|35|E|region:NP_type:city_source:GNS-enwiki|display=inline,title}} | elevation_footnotes = <!--for references: use <ref> </ref> tags--> | elevation_m = <!-- Area/postal codes & others --> | postal_code_type = | postal_code = | area_code = +९७७-०१ | blank_name = केन्द्र | blank_info = साविक [[धर्मस्थली]] गाविसको कार्यालय | website = [http://www.tarakeshwormun.gov.np/ne आधिकारिक वेबसाइट] | footnotes = }} '''{{पृष्ठको नाम}}''' [[काठमाडौँ जिल्ला]]का १० वटा [[नगरपालिका]]हरू मध्ये एक हो।<ref name="गाउँपालिका वा नगरपालिका">{{cite web|title=हेर्नुहोस्, तपाईँ कुन गाउँपालिका वा नगरपालिकामा पर्नुभयो?|url=http://setopati.com/raajneeti/64651/|publisher=सेतोपाटी|accessdate=फाल्गुन २०७३|ref=http://setopati.com/raajneeti/64651/}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170312170008/http://setopati.com/raajneeti/64651/ |date=2017-03-12 }}</ref> २०७१ मङ्सिर १६ मा, नगरपालिका घोषणा गर्दा साविकका [[साङला, काठमाडौँ|साङला]], [[जितपुरफेदी]], [[काभ्रेस्थली]], [[धर्मस्थली]], [[गोलढुङ्गा]], [[मनमैंजु]] र [[फुटुङ]] [[गाउँ विकास समिति (नेपाल)|गाविस]]हरू यसमा गाभिएका थिए। ==जनसङ्ख्या== [[नेपालको बाह्रौँ राष्ट्रिय जनगणना, २०७८|राष्ट्रिय जनगणना २०७८]]को जनगणना अनुसार {{पृष्ठको नाम}}को कुल जनसङ्ख्या १,५१,४७९ रहेको छ भने यहाँ ४१,३६२ घरधुरी रहेका छन्।<ref name="जनगणना २०७८"/> == वडागत विभाजन र जनसङ्ख्या == नेपालको [[नेपालको बाह्रौँ राष्ट्रिय जनगणना, २०७८|बाह्रौँ राष्ट्रिय जनगणना, २०७८]] अनुसार तारकेश्वर नगरपालिकाको कुल जनसङ्ख्या १,५१,४७९ रहेको छ। यस नगरपालिकालाई ११ वटा वडाहरूमा विभाजन गरिएको छ। नगरपालिकाको वडागत विवरण, क्षेत्रफल र जनघनत्वको विस्तृत तथ्याङ्क तलको तालिकामा दिइएको छ: {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" |+ तारकेश्वर नगरपालिकाको वडागत विभाजन, जनसङ्ख्या र जनघनत्व (२०७८) |- ! वडा नं. !! समावेश साविकका वडाहरू !! जनसङ्ख्या (२०७८) !! क्षेत्रफल (वर्ग कि.मी.) !! जनघनत्व (व्यक्ति/वर्ग कि.मी.) |- | १ || [[साङला, काठमाडौँ|साङला]] || ६,७७२ || ५.९८ || १,१३२.४४ |- | २ || [[काभ्रेस्थली]] || १३,१५४ || ८.५४ || १,५४०.२८ |- | ३ || [[जितपुरफेदी]] || ६,९४६ || ८.९५ || ७७६.०९ |- | ४ || [[गोलढुङ्गा]] (१-२) || १८,३२४ || ०.९१ || २०,१३६.२६ |- | ५ || [[गोलढुङ्गा]] (३-९) || १७,७३२ || ४.२४ || ४,१८२.०८ |- | ६ || [[धर्मस्थली]] || १३,६२८ || १.८६ || ७,३२६.८८ |- | ७ || [[फुटुङ]] || १२,८२१ || १.४२ || ९,०२८.८७ |- | ८ || [[मनमैंजु]] (८) || १७,५७३ || ०.४४ || ३९,९३८.६४ |- | ९ || [[मनमैंजु]] (३-४,६-७) || १६,९९५ || १.७४ || ९,७६७.२४ |- | १० || [[मनमैंजु]] (२,५) || १४,३३२ || ०.४५ || ३१,८४८.८९ |- | ११ || [[मनमैंजु]] (१,९) || १३,२०२ || ०.४२ || ३१,४३३.३३ |- ! colspan="2" | जम्मा !! १,५१,४७९ !! ३४.९५ !! ४,३३४.१६ |} ==पर्यटकीय सम्भावना== [[शिवपुरी नागार्जुन राष्ट्रिय निकुञ्ज|शिवपुरी राष्ट्रिय निकुञ्ज]]को काखमा रहेको यो नगरपालिका पश्चिममा नुवाकोटको ओखरपौवा गाविस, पूर्वमा टोखा नगरपालिका र दक्षिणमा काठमाडौँ महानगरपालिका अवस्थित छ। नगरपालिकाको नामाकरण गरिएको तारकेश्वर महादेव धार्मिक स्थल साथै पर्यटकीइ थलो पनि हो। शिवपुरी राष्ट्रिय निकुञ्जभित्र रहेको यो स्थल २ हजार मिटरभन्दा उच्च स्थानमा छ। ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} {{काठमाडौँ जिल्लाका स्थानीय तहहरू}} ==बाह्य कडीहरू== *[http://www.ddcktm.gov.np/ जिल्ला विकास समितिको कार्यालय, काठमाडौँ] [[श्रेणी:काठमाडौँ जिल्लाका नगरपालिकाहरू]] [[श्रेणी:बागमती प्रदेशका नगरपालिकाहरू]] [[श्रेणी:वि.सं. २०७१ मा घोषित नगरपालिकाहरू]] aor7wx6xitu7f8l7d0ubmgeauv8qx3j 1365965 1365964 2026-07-14T06:01:43Z Rajeeb bastola 39875 1365965 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement <!--See the table at Infobox settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage--> <!-- आधारभूत जानकारी -->| name = | other_name = | native_name = | nickname = | settlement_type = [[नगरपालिका]] | motto = <!-- images and maps --> | image_skyline = | image_caption = | image_flag = | image_seal = | image_map = | pushpin_label_position = bottom | pushpin_map_caption = बागमती प्रदेशको नक्सामा {{पृष्ठको नाम}}को अवस्थिति | pushpin_map = Nepal Bagmati Province#Nepal <!-- अवस्थिति--> | subdivision_type = [[देश]] | subdivision_name = {{झण्डा|नेपाल}} | subdivision_type1 = [[नेपालका प्रदेशहरू|प्रदेश]] | subdivision_name1 = [[बागमती प्रदेश]] | subdivision_type2 = [[नेपालका जिल्लाहरू|जिल्ला]] | subdivision_name2 = [[काठमाडौँ जिल्ला|काठमाडौँ]] |<!-- राजनीति--> | government_footnotes =<ref name="निर्वाचन २०७९">{{cite news|title=स्थानीय तह निर्वाचन २०७९|url=https://localelection2079.ekantipur.com/pradesh-3/district-kathmandu/tarakeshwor?lng=nep|accessdate=०९ साउन २०८१|language=नेपाली|publisher=कान्तिपुर दैनिक}}</ref> | government_type = | leader_title = [[नगरप्रमुख]] | leader_name = कृष्‍णहरी महर्जन <small> ([[नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस|ने.का.]]) | leader_title1 = [[उपप्रमुख]] | leader_name1 = सृजना बुर्लाकोटी <small> ([[नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस|ने.का.]]) | established_title = स्थापित | established_date = २०७१ मङ्सिर १६ | unit_pref = <!--Enter: Imperial, if Imperial (metric) is desired--> | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 54.95<!-- ALL fields dealing with a measurements are subject to automatic unit conversion--> |population_as_of = [[नेपालको बाह्रौँ राष्ट्रिय जनगणना, २०७८|राष्ट्रिय जनगणना २०७८]] |population_footnotes =<ref name="जनगणना २०७८">{{cite web |title=जनसङ्ख्याको आकार र वितरण|url=https://censusnepal.cbs.gov.np/results/np/population?province=3&district=28&municipality=6|accessdate=२९ जेठ २०८१|work=राष्ट्रिय जनगणना २०७८|publisher=[[राष्ट्रिय तथ्याङ्क कार्यालय (नेपाल)|राष्ट्रिय तथ्याङ्क कार्यालय]]|language=नेपाली}}</ref> | population_total = 151479 | population_density_km2 = auto | population_blank1_title = Ethnicities <!-- साधारण जानकारी -->| timezone = [[नेपालको प्रमाणिक समय|नेपाली समय]] | utc_offset = +५:४५ | timezone_DST = | utc_offset_DST = | coordinates = {{coord|27|44|48|N|85|30|35|E|region:NP_type:city_source:GNS-enwiki|display=inline,title}} | elevation_footnotes = <!--for references: use <ref> </ref> tags--> | elevation_m = <!-- Area/postal codes & others --> | postal_code_type = | postal_code = | area_code = +९७७-०१ | blank_name = केन्द्र | blank_info = साविक [[धर्मस्थली]] गाविसको कार्यालय | website = [http://www.tarakeshwormun.gov.np/ne आधिकारिक वेबसाइट] | footnotes = }} '''{{पृष्ठको नाम}}''' [[काठमाडौँ जिल्ला]]का १० वटा [[नगरपालिका]]हरू मध्ये एक हो।<ref name="गाउँपालिका वा नगरपालिका">{{cite web|title=हेर्नुहोस्, तपाईँ कुन गाउँपालिका वा नगरपालिकामा पर्नुभयो?|url=http://setopati.com/raajneeti/64651/|publisher=सेतोपाटी|accessdate=फाल्गुन २०७३|ref=http://setopati.com/raajneeti/64651/}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170312170008/http://setopati.com/raajneeti/64651/ |date=2017-03-12 }}</ref> २०७१ मङ्सिर १६ मा, नगरपालिका घोषणा गर्दा साविकका [[साङला, काठमाडौँ|साङला]], [[जितपुरफेदी]], [[काभ्रेस्थली]], [[धर्मस्थली]], [[गोलढुङ्गा]], [[मनमैंजु]] र [[फुटुङ]] [[गाउँ विकास समिति (नेपाल)|गाविस]]हरू यसमा गाभिएका थिए। ==जनसङ्ख्या== [[नेपालको बाह्रौँ राष्ट्रिय जनगणना, २०७८|राष्ट्रिय जनगणना २०७८]]को जनगणना अनुसार {{पृष्ठको नाम}}को कुल जनसङ्ख्या १,५१,४७९ रहेको छ भने यहाँ ४१,३६२ घरधुरी रहेका छन्।<ref name="जनगणना २०७८"/> == वडागत विभाजन र जनसङ्ख्या == नेपालको [[नेपालको बाह्रौँ राष्ट्रिय जनगणना, २०७८|बाह्रौँ राष्ट्रिय जनगणना, २०७८]] अनुसार तारकेश्वर नगरपालिकाको कुल जनसङ्ख्या १,५१,४७९ रहेको छ। यस नगरपालिकालाई ११ वटा वडाहरूमा विभाजन गरिएको छ। नगरपालिकाको वडागत विवरण, क्षेत्रफल र जनघनत्वको विस्तृत तथ्याङ्क तलको तालिकामा दिइएको छ: {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" |+ तारकेश्वर नगरपालिकाको वडागत विभाजन, जनसङ्ख्या र जनघनत्व (२०७८) |- ! वडा नं. !! समावेश साविकका वडाहरू !! जनसङ्ख्या (२०७८) !! क्षेत्रफल (वर्ग कि.मी.) !! जनघनत्व (व्यक्ति/वर्ग कि.मी.) |- | १ || [[साङला, काठमाडौँ|साङला]] || ६,७७२ || ५.९८ || १,१३२.४४ |- | २ || [[काभ्रेस्थली]] || १३,१५४ || ८.५४ || १,५४०.२८ |- | ३ || [[जितपुरफेदी]] || ६,९४६ || ८.९५ || ७७६.०९ |- | ४ || [[गोलढुङ्गा]] (१-२) || १८,३२४ || ०.९१ || २०,१३६.२६ |- | ५ || [[गोलढुङ्गा]] (३-९) || १७,७३२ || ४.२४ || ४,१८२.०८ |- | ६ || [[धर्मस्थली]] || १३,६२८ || १.८६ || ७,३२६.८८ |- | ७ || [[फुटुङ]] || १२,८२१ || १.४२ || ९,०२८.८७ |- | ८ || [[मनमैंजु]] (८) || १७,५७३ || ०.४४ || ३९,९३८.६४ |- | ९ || [[मनमैंजु]] (३-४,६-७) || १६,९९५ || १.७४ || ९,७६७.२४ |- | १० || [[मनमैंजु]] (२,५) || १४,३३२ || ०.४५ || ३१,८४८.८९ |- | ११ || [[मनमैंजु]] (१,९) || १३,२०२ || ०.४२ || ३१,४३३.३३ |- ! colspan="2" | जम्मा !! १,५१,४७९ !! ३४.९५ !! ४,३३४.१६ |} ==पर्यटकीय सम्भावना== [[शिवपुरी नागार्जुन राष्ट्रिय निकुञ्ज|शिवपुरी राष्ट्रिय निकुञ्ज]]को काखमा रहेको यो नगरपालिका पश्चिममा [[नुवाकोट जिल्ला]]को ओखरपौवा गाविस, पूर्वमा टोखा नगरपालिका र दक्षिणमा काठमाडौँ महानगरपालिका अवस्थित छ। नगरपालिकाको नामाकरण गरिएको तारकेश्वर महादेव धार्मिक स्थल साथै पर्यटकीइ थलो पनि हो। शिवपुरी राष्ट्रिय निकुञ्जभित्र रहेको यो स्थल २ हजार मिटरभन्दा उच्च स्थानमा छ। ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} {{काठमाडौँ जिल्लाका स्थानीय तहहरू}} ==बाह्य कडीहरू== *[http://www.ddcktm.gov.np/ जिल्ला विकास समितिको कार्यालय, काठमाडौँ] [[श्रेणी:काठमाडौँ जिल्लाका नगरपालिकाहरू]] [[श्रेणी:बागमती प्रदेशका नगरपालिकाहरू]] [[श्रेणी:वि.सं. २०७१ मा घोषित नगरपालिकाहरू]] jdx14wnuy8u6xzrhkqzl330xthon5t7 1365966 1365965 2026-07-14T06:13:49Z पर्वत सुवेदी 31224 /* */ 1365966 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement <!--See the table at Infobox settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage--> <!-- आधारभूत जानकारी -->| name = | other_name = | native_name = | nickname = | settlement_type = [[नगरपालिका]] | motto = <!-- images and maps --> | image_skyline = | image_caption = | image_flag = | image_seal = | image_map = | pushpin_label_position = bottom | pushpin_map_caption = बागमती प्रदेशको नक्सामा {{पृष्ठको नाम}}को अवस्थिति | pushpin_map = काठमाडौँ जिल्ला#बागमती प्रदेश#नेपाल <!-- अवस्थिति--> | subdivision_type = [[देश]] | subdivision_name = {{झण्डा|नेपाल}} | subdivision_type1 = [[नेपालका प्रदेशहरू|प्रदेश]] | subdivision_name1 = [[बागमती प्रदेश]] | subdivision_type2 = [[नेपालका जिल्लाहरू|जिल्ला]] | subdivision_name2 = [[काठमाडौँ जिल्ला|काठमाडौँ]] |<!-- राजनीति--> | government_footnotes =<ref name="निर्वाचन २०७९">{{cite news|title=स्थानीय तह निर्वाचन २०७९|url=https://localelection2079.ekantipur.com/pradesh-3/district-kathmandu/tarakeshwor?lng=nep|accessdate=०९ साउन २०८१|language=नेपाली|publisher=कान्तिपुर दैनिक}}</ref> | government_type = | leader_title = [[नगरप्रमुख]] | leader_name = कृष्‍णहरी महर्जन <small> ([[नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस|ने.का.]]) | leader_title1 = [[उपप्रमुख]] | leader_name1 = सृजना बुर्लाकोटी <small> ([[नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस|ने.का.]]) | established_title = स्थापित | established_date = २०७१ मङ्सिर १६ | unit_pref = <!--Enter: Imperial, if Imperial (metric) is desired--> | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 54.95<!-- ALL fields dealing with a measurements are subject to automatic unit conversion--> |population_as_of = [[नेपालको बाह्रौँ राष्ट्रिय जनगणना, २०७८|राष्ट्रिय जनगणना २०७८]] |population_footnotes =<ref name="जनगणना २०७८">{{cite web |title=जनसङ्ख्याको आकार र वितरण|url=https://censusnepal.cbs.gov.np/results/np/population?province=3&district=28&municipality=6|accessdate=२९ जेठ २०८१|work=राष्ट्रिय जनगणना २०७८|publisher=[[राष्ट्रिय तथ्याङ्क कार्यालय (नेपाल)|राष्ट्रिय तथ्याङ्क कार्यालय]]|language=नेपाली}}</ref> | population_total = 151479 | population_density_km2 = auto | population_blank1_title = Ethnicities <!-- साधारण जानकारी -->| timezone = [[नेपालको प्रमाणिक समय|नेपाली समय]] | utc_offset = +५:४५ | timezone_DST = | utc_offset_DST = | coordinates = {{coord|27|44|48|N|85|30|35|E|region:NP_type:city_source:GNS-enwiki|display=inline,title}} | elevation_footnotes = <!--for references: use <ref> </ref> tags--> | elevation_m = <!-- Area/postal codes & others --> | postal_code_type = | postal_code = | area_code = +९७७-०१ | blank_name = केन्द्र | blank_info = साविक [[धर्मस्थली]] गाविसको कार्यालय | website = [http://www.tarakeshwormun.gov.np/ne आधिकारिक वेबसाइट] | footnotes = }} '''{{पृष्ठको नाम}}''' [[काठमाडौँ जिल्ला]]का १० वटा [[नगरपालिका]]हरू मध्ये एक हो।<ref name="गाउँपालिका वा नगरपालिका">{{cite web|title=हेर्नुहोस्, तपाईँ कुन गाउँपालिका वा नगरपालिकामा पर्नुभयो?|url=http://setopati.com/raajneeti/64651/|publisher=सेतोपाटी|accessdate=फाल्गुन २०७३|ref=http://setopati.com/raajneeti/64651/}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170312170008/http://setopati.com/raajneeti/64651/ |date=2017-03-12 }}</ref> २०७१ मङ्सिर १६ मा, नगरपालिका घोषणा गर्दा साविकका [[साङला, काठमाडौँ|साङला]], [[जितपुरफेदी]], [[काभ्रेस्थली]], [[धर्मस्थली]], [[गोलढुङ्गा]], [[मनमैंजु]] र [[फुटुङ]] [[गाउँ विकास समिति (नेपाल)|गाविस]]हरू यसमा गाभिएका थिए। ==जनसङ्ख्या== [[नेपालको बाह्रौँ राष्ट्रिय जनगणना, २०७८|राष्ट्रिय जनगणना २०७८]]को जनगणना अनुसार {{पृष्ठको नाम}}को कुल जनसङ्ख्या १,५१,४७९ रहेको छ भने यहाँ ४१,३६२ घरधुरी रहेका छन्।<ref name="जनगणना २०७८"/> == वडागत विभाजन र जनसङ्ख्या == नेपालको [[नेपालको बाह्रौँ राष्ट्रिय जनगणना, २०७८|बाह्रौँ राष्ट्रिय जनगणना, २०७८]] अनुसार तारकेश्वर नगरपालिकाको कुल जनसङ्ख्या १,५१,४७९ रहेको छ। यस नगरपालिकालाई ११ वटा वडाहरूमा विभाजन गरिएको छ। नगरपालिकाको वडागत विवरण, क्षेत्रफल र जनघनत्वको विस्तृत तथ्याङ्क तलको तालिकामा दिइएको छ: {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" |+ तारकेश्वर नगरपालिकाको वडागत विभाजन, जनसङ्ख्या र जनघनत्व (२०७८) |- ! वडा नं. !! समावेश साविकका वडाहरू !! जनसङ्ख्या (२०७८) !! क्षेत्रफल (वर्ग कि.मी.) !! जनघनत्व (व्यक्ति/वर्ग कि.मी.) |- | १ || [[साङला, काठमाडौँ|साङला]] || ६,७७२ || ५.९८ || १,१३२.४४ |- | २ || [[काभ्रेस्थली]] || १३,१५४ || ८.५४ || १,५४०.२८ |- | ३ || [[जितपुरफेदी]] || ६,९४६ || ८.९५ || ७७६.०९ |- | ४ || [[गोलढुङ्गा]] (१-२) || १८,३२४ || ०.९१ || २०,१३६.२६ |- | ५ || [[गोलढुङ्गा]] (३-९) || १७,७३२ || ४.२४ || ४,१८२.०८ |- | ६ || [[धर्मस्थली]] || १३,६२८ || १.८६ || ७,३२६.८८ |- | ७ || [[फुटुङ]] || १२,८२१ || १.४२ || ९,०२८.८७ |- | ८ || [[मनमैंजु]] (८) || १७,५७३ || ०.४४ || ३९,९३८.६४ |- | ९ || [[मनमैंजु]] (३-४,६-७) || १६,९९५ || १.७४ || ९,७६७.२४ |- | १० || [[मनमैंजु]] (२,५) || १४,३३२ || ०.४५ || ३१,८४८.८९ |- | ११ || [[मनमैंजु]] (१,९) || १३,२०२ || ०.४२ || ३१,४३३.३३ |- ! colspan="2" | जम्मा !! १,५१,४७९ !! ३४.९५ !! ४,३३४.१६ |} ==पर्यटकीय सम्भावना== [[शिवपुरी नागार्जुन राष्ट्रिय निकुञ्ज|शिवपुरी राष्ट्रिय निकुञ्ज]]को काखमा रहेको यो नगरपालिका पश्चिममा [[नुवाकोट जिल्ला]]को ओखरपौवा गाविस, पूर्वमा टोखा नगरपालिका र दक्षिणमा काठमाडौँ महानगरपालिका अवस्थित छ। नगरपालिकाको नामाकरण गरिएको तारकेश्वर महादेव धार्मिक स्थल साथै पर्यटकीइ थलो पनि हो। शिवपुरी राष्ट्रिय निकुञ्जभित्र रहेको यो स्थल २ हजार मिटरभन्दा उच्च स्थानमा छ। ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} {{काठमाडौँ जिल्लाका स्थानीय तहहरू}} ==बाह्य कडीहरू== *[http://www.ddcktm.gov.np/ जिल्ला विकास समितिको कार्यालय, काठमाडौँ] [[श्रेणी:काठमाडौँ जिल्लाका नगरपालिकाहरू]] [[श्रेणी:बागमती प्रदेशका नगरपालिकाहरू]] [[श्रेणी:वि.सं. २०७१ मा घोषित नगरपालिकाहरू]] tcthefqqd8fnyrw40vgq0i7lh4dfifk 0 89951 1365949 783966 2026-07-14T05:11:18Z Bishaldev100 28807 1365949 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox product | title = Ballpoint pen | image = Sharpie-fc.jpg | image_size = 250 | alt = | caption = BIC Cristal ballpoint pen | type = [[Pen]] | inventor = [[John J. Loud]]{{refn|Loud issued the first ballpoint pen patent on 30 October that year.<ref name=gp>[https://patents.google.com/patent/US392046A/en US patent nº 392046] on Google patents</ref> Then, Hungarian inventor [[László Bíró]] patented what is known as the "modern" ballpoint pen in France and the U.K. in 1938.<ref>[https://www.pens.com/blog/the-inventor-behind-the-modern-ballpoint-pen/ The Inventor Behind the Modern Ballpoint Pen] on pens.com</ref> |group=n|name=loud}} | inception = {{start date and age|1888}}{{refn|group=n|name=loud}} | manufacturer = | available = Yes | current supplier = | last production = | models = | website = | notes = }}'''डटपेन''' एक लेख्ने कामको सहजीकरणका निम्ति प्रयोग गरिने साधन हो । [[ File:Sharpie-fc.jpg|200px|thumb|विभिन्न रंगका डटपेनहरू]] ==प्रकार== ==महत्त्व== ==विशेषता== ==यो पनि हेर्नुस् == *[[मार्कर]] *[[कलम]] *[[कापी]] *[[पुस्तक|किताब]] [[श्रेणी:लेखन उपकरण]] b2g3aqnm4fjwb3v4npg17ec36omuq9d 1365950 1365949 2026-07-14T05:11:35Z Bishaldev100 28807 /* यो पनि हेर्नुस् */ 1365950 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox product | title = Ballpoint pen | image = Sharpie-fc.jpg | image_size = 250 | alt = | caption = BIC Cristal ballpoint pen | type = [[Pen]] | inventor = [[John J. Loud]]{{refn|Loud issued the first ballpoint pen patent on 30 October that year.<ref name=gp>[https://patents.google.com/patent/US392046A/en US patent nº 392046] on Google patents</ref> Then, Hungarian inventor [[László Bíró]] patented what is known as the "modern" ballpoint pen in France and the U.K. in 1938.<ref>[https://www.pens.com/blog/the-inventor-behind-the-modern-ballpoint-pen/ The Inventor Behind the Modern Ballpoint Pen] on pens.com</ref> |group=n|name=loud}} | inception = {{start date and age|1888}}{{refn|group=n|name=loud}} | manufacturer = | available = Yes | current supplier = | last production = | models = | website = | notes = }}'''डटपेन''' एक लेख्ने कामको सहजीकरणका निम्ति प्रयोग गरिने साधन हो । [[ File:Sharpie-fc.jpg|200px|thumb|विभिन्न रंगका डटपेनहरू]] ==प्रकार== ==महत्त्व== ==विशेषता== ==यो पनि हेर्नुस् == *[[मार्कर]] *[[कलम]] *[[कापी]] *[[पुस्तक|किताब]] ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} [[श्रेणी:लेखन उपकरण]] bopb26couo2522xo3vzendckj5xpdx3 0 98520 1365995 1094107 2026-07-14T07:46:39Z Bishaldev100 28807 1365995 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|फ्रान्सेली गणतन्त्रका २४औँ राष्ट्रपति}} {{Infobox officeholder | name = फ्रँस्वा ओलँद | honorific_suffix = | image = Francois Hollande 2015 (cropped).jpeg | caption = ओलँद सन् २०१५ मा | office = [[फ्रान्सको राष्ट्रपति|फ्रान्सका राष्ट्रपति]] | primeminister = [[जँ-मार्क एरो]]<br />[[मानुएल भाल्स]]<br />[[बेर्नार कज्नोभ]] | term_start = १५ मे २०१२ | term_end = १४ मे २०१७ | predecessor = [[निकोला सारकोजी]] | successor = [[एमानुएल माक्रोँ]] | office1 = [[कोरेजको विभागीय परिषदको अध्यक्ष|कोर्ज सभाका अध्यक्ष]] | term_start1 = २० मार्च २००८ | term_end1 = १५ मे २०१२ | predecessor1 = [[जँ-पियेर दुपोँ]] | successor1 = जेरार बोने | office2 = [[समाजवाद दल (फ्रान्स)का प्रथम सचिज|समाजवादी दलका सचिव]] | term_start2 = २७ नोभेम्बर १९९७ | term_end2 = २७ नोभेम्बर २००८ | predecessor2 = [[लियोनेल जोस्पेँ]] | successor2 = [[मार्टिन ओब्री]] | office3 = त्युलका नगरप्रमुख | term_start3 = १७ मार्च २००१ | term_end3 = १७ मार्च २००८ | predecessor3 = [[रेमोँ-माक्स ओब्री]] | successor3 = [[बेर्नार कोम्बे]] | office4 = कोरेजको पहिलो निर्वाचन क्षेत्रको <br/>लागि [[राष्ट्रिय सभा (फ्रान्स)|राष्ट्रिय सभा]]का सदस्य | term_start4 = १२ जुन १९९७ | term_end4 = १५ मे २०१२ | predecessor4 = लुसिएन रोनोँदी | successor4 = [[सोफी देसु]] | term_start5 = १२ जुन १९८८ | term_end5 = १ अप्रिल १९९३ | predecessor5 = जँ कोम्बास्तेई | successor5 = [[रेमोँ-माक्स ओब्री]] | office6 = [[युरोपेली संसदका सदस्य]] | term_start6 = २० जुलाई १९९९ | term_end6 = १७ डिसेम्बर १९९९ | constituency6 = [[फ्रान्स (युरोपेली संसद निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|फ्रान्स]] | birth_name = फ्रँस्वा जेरार जोर्ज निकोला ओलँद | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1954|8|12|df=y}} | birth_place = [[रोआँ]], [[सेन मारितिम]], [[फ्रान्स]] | death_date = | death_place = | party = [[समाजवादी दल (फ्रान्स)|समाजवादी दल]] | partner = [[सेगोलेन रोयल]] (सन् १९७८–२००७)<br />[[भालेरी त्रिएलभेलेर ]] (सन् २००७–२०१४)<br />[[जुली गये]] (सन् २०१४–हाल) | children = ४ | residence = | alma_mater = [[पाँतेओँ-आसास विश्वविद्यालय]]<br />व्यापारिक अध्ययनका लागि पेरिस विद्यालय (अनुवादित नाम)<br />राजनीतिक शिक्षाको लागि पेरिस अध्ययन संस्थान (अनुवादित नाम)<br />[[एकोल नास्योँनाल दाद्मिनिस्त्रास्योँ]] | signature = François Hollande signature.svg | branch = {{army|France}} }} '''फ्रँस्वा जेरार जोर्ज निकोला ओलँद''' ({{भाषा-फ्रान्सेली|François Hollande}}), (जन्म:१२ अगस्त १९५४) फ्रान्सेली राजनितिज्ञ हुन् जसले सन् २०१२ देखि सन् २०१७ सम्म [[फ्रान्सको राष्ट्रपति|फ्रान्सका राष्ट्रपति]] र आन्दोराको सह-राजकुमारको रूपमा सेवा गरेका थिए। उनी पहिले सन् १९९७ देखि २००८ सम्मको समाजवादी दलको प्रथम सचिव र सन् २००१ देखि २००८ सम्म तुल्यको नगरप्रमुख र कोरेज परिषद्को अध्यक्षको रूपमा रहेका थिए। ओलँदले सन् १९८८ देखि सन् १९९३ सम्म कोरेजको पहिलो निर्वाचन क्षेत्र र पुन: सन् १९९७ देखि सन् २०१२ सम्म दुई पटक राष्ट्रिय सम्मेलनमा पनि काम गरेका थिए। उनको जन्म रोआँ सहरमा भएको थियो भने उनी जन्मिएका र नुयी स्युर सेनमा हुर्किएका थिए। ओलँद राष्ट्रपति फ्रँस्वा मितेरँका विशेष सल्लाहकारको रूपमा आफ्नो राजनीतिक जीवन सुरु गरेका थिए भने यस भन्दा अगाडि सरकारका प्रवक्ता माक्स गालोको कर्मचारीको रूपमा सेवा गरेका थिए। उनी सन् १९९७ मा राष्ट्रिय सझाका सदस्य बनेका थिए र सन् १९९७ मा समाजवादी दलको पहिलो सचिवको रूपमा निर्वाचित भएका थिए। सन् २००४ मा समाजवादीहरू क्षेत्रीय चुनाव जिते पश्चात्, ओलँदलाई सम्भावित राष्ट्रपति पदको उम्मेद्वारका रूपमा दर्ता गरिएको थियो भने यसका साथै उनले सचिवको रूपमा राजीनामा दिएका थिए। जँ-पियर दुपोँलाई प्रतिस्थापन गर्दै सन् २००८ मा कोरेज सभाको अध्यक्षको रूपमा चुनिएका थिए। सन् २०११ मा, ओलँदले समाजवादी दलको प्रतिनिधित्व गर्दै राष्ट्रपति पदका उम्मेद्वार चयन गर्ने प्राथमिक चुनावमा उम्मेदवारी दर्ता गर्ने घोषणा गरेका थिए। उनले उनले मार्टिन ओब्रीलाई हराउँदै दोस्रो चरणमा पुगेका थिए जहाँ उनले राष्ट्रपति पदका उम्मेदवार [[निकोलस सारकोजी|निकोला सारकोजी]]लाई पराजित गर्दै फ्रान्सका राष्ट्रपति बनेका थिए। उनले ५१.६% मत प्राप्त गरेका थिए। == सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू == {{सन्दर्भसूची}} == बाह्य कडीहरू == [[श्रेणी:फ्रान्सका राष्ट्रपतिहरू]] {{ढाँचा:Presidents of France}} pkaz9pnk5x6yrpwoky17618lervmglh 1365996 1365995 2026-07-14T07:52:46Z Bishaldev100 28807 1365996 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|फ्रान्सेली गणतन्त्रका २४औँ राष्ट्रपति}} {{Infobox officeholder | name = फ्रँस्वा ओलँद | honorific_suffix = | image = Francois Hollande 2015 (cropped).jpeg | caption = ओलँद सन् २०१५ मा | office = [[फ्रान्सको राष्ट्रपति|फ्रान्सका राष्ट्रपति]] | primeminister = [[जँ-मार्क एरो]]<br />[[मानुएल भाल्स]]<br />[[बेर्नार कज्नोभ]] | term_start = १५ मे २०१२ | term_end = १४ मे २०१७ | predecessor = [[निकोला सारकोजी]] | successor = [[एमानुएल माक्रोँ]] | office1 = [[कोरेजको विभागीय परिषदको अध्यक्ष|कोर्ज सभाका अध्यक्ष]] | term_start1 = २० मार्च २००८ | term_end1 = १५ मे २०१२ | predecessor1 = [[जँ-पियेर दुपोँ]] | successor1 = जेरार बोने | office2 = [[समाजवाद दल (फ्रान्स)का प्रथम सचिज|समाजवादी दलका सचिव]] | term_start2 = २७ नोभेम्बर १९९७ | term_end2 = २७ नोभेम्बर २००८ | predecessor2 = [[लियोनेल जोस्पेँ]] | successor2 = [[मार्टिन ओब्री]] | office3 = त्युलका नगरप्रमुख | term_start3 = १७ मार्च २००१ | term_end3 = १७ मार्च २००८ | predecessor3 = [[रेमोँ-माक्स ओब्री]] | successor3 = [[बेर्नार कोम्बे]] | office4 = कोरेजको पहिलो निर्वाचन क्षेत्रको <br/>लागि [[राष्ट्रिय सभा (फ्रान्स)|राष्ट्रिय सभा]]का सदस्य | term_start4 = १२ जुन १९९७ | term_end4 = १५ मे २०१२ | predecessor4 = लुसिएन रोनोँदी | successor4 = [[सोफी देसु]] | term_start5 = १२ जुन १९८८ | term_end5 = १ अप्रिल १९९३ | predecessor5 = जँ कोम्बास्तेई | successor5 = [[रेमोँ-माक्स ओब्री]] | office6 = [[युरोपेली संसदका सदस्य]] | term_start6 = २० जुलाई १९९९ | term_end6 = १७ डिसेम्बर १९९९ | constituency6 = [[फ्रान्स (युरोपेली संसद निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|फ्रान्स]] | birth_name = फ्रँस्वा जेरार जोर्ज निकोला ओलँद | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1954|8|12|df=y}} | birth_place = [[रोआँ]], [[सेन मारितिम]], [[फ्रान्स]] | death_date = | death_place = | party = [[समाजवादी दल (फ्रान्स)|समाजवादी दल]] | partner = [[सेगोलेन रोयल]] (सन् १९७८–२००७)<br />[[भालेरी त्रिएलभेलेर ]] (सन् २००७–२०१४)<br />[[जुली गये]] (सन् २०१४–हाल) | children = ४ | residence = | alma_mater = [[पाँतेओँ-आसास विश्वविद्यालय]]<br />व्यापारिक अध्ययनका लागि पेरिस विद्यालय (अनुवादित नाम)<br />राजनीतिक शिक्षाको लागि पेरिस अध्ययन संस्थान (अनुवादित नाम)<br />[[एकोल नास्योँनाल दाद्मिनिस्त्रास्योँ]] | signature = François Hollande signature.svg | branch = {{army|France}} }} '''फ्रँस्वा जेरार जोर्ज निकोला ओलँद''' ({{भाषा-फ्रान्सेली|François Hollande}}), (जन्म:१२ अगस्त १९५४) फ्रान्सेली राजनितिज्ञ हुन् जसले सन् २०१२ देखि सन् २०१७ सम्म [[फ्रान्सको राष्ट्रपति|फ्रान्सका राष्ट्रपति]] र आन्दोराको सह-राजकुमारको रूपमा सेवा गरेका थिए। उनी पहिले सन् १९९७ देखि २००८ सम्मको समाजवादी दलको प्रथम सचिव र सन् २००१ देखि २००८ सम्म तुल्यको नगरप्रमुख र कोरेज परिषद्को अध्यक्षको रूपमा रहेका थिए। ओलँदले सन् १९८८ देखि सन् १९९३ सम्म कोरेजको पहिलो निर्वाचन क्षेत्र र पुन: सन् १९९७ देखि सन् २०१२ सम्म दुई पटक राष्ट्रिय सम्मेलनमा पनि काम गरेका थिए। उनको जन्म रोआँ सहरमा भएको थियो भने उनी जन्मिएका र नुयी स्युर सेनमा हुर्किएका थिए। ओलँद राष्ट्रपति फ्रँस्वा मितेरँका विशेष सल्लाहकारको रूपमा आफ्नो राजनीतिक जीवन सुरु गरेका थिए भने यस भन्दा अगाडि सरकारका प्रवक्ता माक्स गालोको कर्मचारीको रूपमा सेवा गरेका थिए। उनी सन् १९९७ मा राष्ट्रिय सझाका सदस्य बनेका थिए र सन् १९९७ मा समाजवादी दलको पहिलो सचिवको रूपमा निर्वाचित भएका थिए। सन् २००४ मा समाजवादीहरू क्षेत्रीय चुनाव जिते पश्चात्, ओलँदलाई सम्भावित राष्ट्रपति पदको उम्मेद्वारका रूपमा दर्ता गरिएको थियो भने यसका साथै उनले सचिवको रूपमा राजीनामा दिएका थिए। जँ-पियर दुपोँलाई प्रतिस्थापन गर्दै सन् २००८ मा कोरेज सभाको अध्यक्षको रूपमा चुनिएका थिए। सन् २०११ मा, ओलँदले समाजवादी दलको प्रतिनिधित्व गर्दै राष्ट्रपति पदका उम्मेद्वार चयन गर्ने प्राथमिक चुनावमा उम्मेदवारी दर्ता गर्ने घोषणा गरेका थिए। उनले उनले मार्टिन ओब्रीलाई हराउँदै दोस्रो चरणमा पुगेका थिए जहाँ उनले राष्ट्रपति पदका उम्मेदवार [[निकोलस सारकोजी|निकोला सारकोजी]]लाई पराजित गर्दै फ्रान्सका राष्ट्रपति बनेका थिए। उनले ५१.६% मत प्राप्त गरेका थिए। आफ्नो कार्यकालमा, ओलान्दले समलिङ्गी विवाहलाई वैधानिकता दिए, श्रम कानून र क्रेडिट तालिम कार्यक्रमहरूमा सुधार गरे, कमुल डेस जनादेशलाई प्रतिबन्धित गर्ने कानूनमा हस्ताक्षर गरे, र अफगानिस्तानबाट फ्रान्सेली सेना फिर्ता बोलाए,<ref name="guardianAC1" /><ref name=":0" /> साथै फ्रान्को-जर्मन सम्झौता मार्फत प्रयोगशाला अनुसन्धानमा जनावरहरूको संरक्षणमा युरोपेली संघको निर्देशन पूरा गरे। ओलान्दले जनवरी र नोभेम्बर २०१५ को [[नोभेम्बर २०१५ पेरिस आक्रमण|पेरिस आक्रमण]], साथै २०१६ को नाइस आक्रमणमा देशको नेतृत्व गरे। उनी ईयू अनिवार्य आप्रवासी कोटा र लिबियामा नेटोको २०११ को सैन्य हस्तक्षेपका प्रमुख समर्थक थिए। उनले माली र मध्य अफ्रिकी गणतन्त्रलाई स्थिर बनाउन संयुक्त राष्ट्र सुरक्षा परिषद्को स्वीकृतिमा माली र मध्य अफ्रिकी गणतन्त्रमा सेना पनि पठाए, यद्यपि दुई अपरेशनहरू धेरै हदसम्म असफल मानिए। यमनमा साउदी अरबको नेतृत्वमा हस्तक्षेपलाई समर्थन गरेकोमा उनले आफ्नो वामपन्थी चुनावी आधारमा विवाद निम्त्याए।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.sky.com/story/eu-must-be-firm-on-hard-brexit-warns-francois-hollande-10607872|title=EU must be firm on 'hard' Brexit, says Hollande|date=7 October 2016|access-date=4 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220213101342/https://news.sky.com/story/eu-must-be-firm-on-hard-brexit-warns-francois-hollande-10607872|archive-date=13 February 2022|publisher=Sky News|language=en-GB|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2016/oct/07/uk-must-pay-price-for-brexit-says-francois-hollande|title=UK must pay price for Brexit, says François Hollande|last=Chrisafis|first=Angelique|date=7 October 2016|newspaper=The Guardian|access-date=4 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220213101021/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2016/oct/07/uk-must-pay-price-for-brexit-says-francois-hollande|archive-date=13 February 2022|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Horobin">{{cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/french-president-hollande-says-he-wont-run-for-re-election-1480620696|title=French President François Hollande Says He Won't Run for Re-Election|last=Horobin|first=William|date=1 December 2016|newspaper=The Wall Street Journal|access-date=4 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220215004633/https://www.wsj.com/articles/french-president-hollande-says-he-wont-run-for-re-election-1480620696|archive-date=15 February 2022|issn=0099-9660|url-status=live}}</ref> == सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू == {{सन्दर्भसूची}} == बाह्य कडीहरू == [[श्रेणी:फ्रान्सका राष्ट्रपतिहरू]] {{ढाँचा:Presidents of France}} mi0l5w5qavftphxhltnbhmeoyr5zujm 1365997 1365996 2026-07-14T07:54:22Z Bishaldev100 28807 1365997 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|फ्रान्सेली गणतन्त्रका २४औँ राष्ट्रपति}} {{Infobox officeholder | name = फ्रँस्वा ओलँद | honorific_suffix = | image = Francois Hollande 2015 (cropped).jpeg | caption = ओलँद सन् २०१५ मा | office = [[फ्रान्सको राष्ट्रपति|फ्रान्सका राष्ट्रपति]] | primeminister = [[जँ-मार्क एरो]]<br />[[मानुएल भाल्स]]<br />[[बेर्नार कज्नोभ]] | term_start = १५ मे २०१२ | term_end = १४ मे २०१७ | predecessor = [[निकोला सारकोजी]] | successor = [[एमानुएल माक्रोँ]] | office1 = [[कोरेजको विभागीय परिषदको अध्यक्ष|कोर्ज सभाका अध्यक्ष]] | term_start1 = २० मार्च २००८ | term_end1 = १५ मे २०१२ | predecessor1 = [[जँ-पियेर दुपोँ]] | successor1 = जेरार बोने | office2 = [[समाजवाद दल (फ्रान्स)का प्रथम सचिज|समाजवादी दलका सचिव]] | term_start2 = २७ नोभेम्बर १९९७ | term_end2 = २७ नोभेम्बर २००८ | predecessor2 = [[लियोनेल जोस्पेँ]] | successor2 = [[मार्टिन ओब्री]] | office3 = त्युलका नगरप्रमुख | term_start3 = १७ मार्च २००१ | term_end3 = १७ मार्च २००८ | predecessor3 = [[रेमोँ-माक्स ओब्री]] | successor3 = [[बेर्नार कोम्बे]] | office4 = कोरेजको पहिलो निर्वाचन क्षेत्रको <br/>लागि [[राष्ट्रिय सभा (फ्रान्स)|राष्ट्रिय सभा]]का सदस्य | term_start4 = १२ जुन १९९७ | term_end4 = १५ मे २०१२ | predecessor4 = लुसिएन रोनोँदी | successor4 = [[सोफी देसु]] | term_start5 = १२ जुन १९८८ | term_end5 = १ अप्रिल १९९३ | predecessor5 = जँ कोम्बास्तेई | successor5 = [[रेमोँ-माक्स ओब्री]] | office6 = [[युरोपेली संसदका सदस्य]] | term_start6 = २० जुलाई १९९९ | term_end6 = १७ डिसेम्बर १९९९ | constituency6 = [[फ्रान्स (युरोपेली संसद निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|फ्रान्स]] | birth_name = फ्रँस्वा जेरार जोर्ज निकोला ओलँद | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1954|8|12|df=y}} | birth_place = [[रोआँ]], [[सेन मारितिम]], [[फ्रान्स]] | death_date = | death_place = | party = [[समाजवादी दल (फ्रान्स)|समाजवादी दल]] | partner = [[सेगोलेन रोयल]] (सन् १९७८–२००७)<br />[[भालेरी त्रिएलभेलेर ]] (सन् २००७–२०१४)<br />[[जुली गये]] (सन् २०१४–हाल) | children = ४ | residence = | alma_mater = [[पाँतेओँ-आसास विश्वविद्यालय]]<br />व्यापारिक अध्ययनका लागि पेरिस विद्यालय (अनुवादित नाम)<br />राजनीतिक शिक्षाको लागि पेरिस अध्ययन संस्थान (अनुवादित नाम)<br />[[एकोल नास्योँनाल दाद्मिनिस्त्रास्योँ]] | signature = François Hollande signature.svg | branch = {{army|France}} }} '''फ्रँस्वा जेरार जोर्ज निकोला ओलँद''' ({{भाषा-फ्रान्सेली|François Hollande}}), (जन्म:१२ अगस्त १९५४) फ्रान्सेली राजनितिज्ञ हुन् जसले सन् २०१२ देखि सन् २०१७ सम्म [[फ्रान्सको राष्ट्रपति|फ्रान्सका राष्ट्रपति]] र आन्दोराको सह-राजकुमारको रूपमा सेवा गरेका थिए। उनी पहिले सन् १९९७ देखि २००८ सम्मको समाजवादी दलको प्रथम सचिव र सन् २००१ देखि २००८ सम्म तुल्यको नगरप्रमुख र कोरेज परिषद्को अध्यक्षको रूपमा रहेका थिए। ओलँदले सन् १९८८ देखि सन् १९९३ सम्म कोरेजको पहिलो निर्वाचन क्षेत्र र पुन: सन् १९९७ देखि सन् २०१२ सम्म दुई पटक राष्ट्रिय सम्मेलनमा पनि काम गरेका थिए। उनको जन्म रोआँ सहरमा भएको थियो भने उनी जन्मिएका र नुयी स्युर सेनमा हुर्किएका थिए। ओलँद राष्ट्रपति फ्रँस्वा मितेरँका विशेष सल्लाहकारको रूपमा आफ्नो राजनीतिक जीवन सुरु गरेका थिए भने यस भन्दा अगाडि सरकारका प्रवक्ता माक्स गालोको कर्मचारीको रूपमा सेवा गरेका थिए। उनी सन् १९९७ मा राष्ट्रिय सझाका सदस्य बनेका थिए र सन् १९९७ मा समाजवादी दलको पहिलो सचिवको रूपमा निर्वाचित भएका थिए। सन् २००४ मा समाजवादीहरू क्षेत्रीय चुनाव जिते पश्चात्, ओलँदलाई सम्भावित राष्ट्रपति पदको उम्मेद्वारका रूपमा दर्ता गरिएको थियो भने यसका साथै उनले सचिवको रूपमा राजीनामा दिएका थिए। जँ-पियर दुपोँलाई प्रतिस्थापन गर्दै सन् २००८ मा कोरेज सभाको अध्यक्षको रूपमा चुनिएका थिए। सन् २०११ मा, ओलँदले समाजवादी दलको प्रतिनिधित्व गर्दै राष्ट्रपति पदका उम्मेद्वार चयन गर्ने प्राथमिक चुनावमा उम्मेदवारी दर्ता गर्ने घोषणा गरेका थिए। उनले उनले मार्टिन ओब्रीलाई हराउँदै दोस्रो चरणमा पुगेका थिए जहाँ उनले राष्ट्रपति पदका उम्मेदवार [[निकोलस सारकोजी|निकोला सारकोजी]]लाई पराजित गर्दै फ्रान्सका राष्ट्रपति बनेका थिए। उनले ५१.६% मत प्राप्त गरेका थिए। आफ्नो कार्यकालमा, ओलान्दले समलिङ्गी विवाहलाई वैधानिकता दिए, श्रम कानून र क्रेडिट तालिम कार्यक्रमहरूमा सुधार गरे, कमुल डेस जनादेशलाई प्रतिबन्धित गर्ने कानूनमा हस्ताक्षर गरे, र अफगानिस्तानबाट फ्रान्सेली सेना फिर्ता बोलाए,<ref name=guardianAC1>{{cite news|last=Chrisafis|first=Angélique|title=Mali: high stakes in 'Hollande's war'|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jan/13/mali-high-stakes-francois-hollande|access-date=2 February 2013|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|location=London|date=13 January 2013|archive-date=18 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220218145623/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jan/13/mali-high-stakes-francois-hollande|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":0">{{cite news|last=Fouquet |first=Helene |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-01-26/sarkozy-rival-hollande-may-seek-bank-split-in-election-platform.html |title=Socialist Hollande Pledges Tax Breaks End, Eased Pension Measure |publisher=Bloomberg |date=26 January 2012 |access-date=6 May 2012 |archive-date=9 December 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209165040/http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-01-26/sarkozy-rival-hollande-may-seek-bank-split-in-election-platform.html |url-status=live }}{{Subscription required}}</ref> साथै फ्रान्को-जर्मन सम्झौता मार्फत प्रयोगशाला अनुसन्धानमा जनावरहरूको संरक्षणमा युरोपेली संघको निर्देशन पूरा गरे। ओलान्दले जनवरी र नोभेम्बर २०१५ को [[नोभेम्बर २०१५ पेरिस आक्रमण|पेरिस आक्रमण]], साथै २०१६ को नाइस आक्रमणमा देशको नेतृत्व गरे। उनी ईयू अनिवार्य आप्रवासी कोटा र लिबियामा नेटोको २०११ को सैन्य हस्तक्षेपका प्रमुख समर्थक थिए। उनले माली र मध्य अफ्रिकी गणतन्त्रलाई स्थिर बनाउन संयुक्त राष्ट्र सुरक्षा परिषद्को स्वीकृतिमा माली र मध्य अफ्रिकी गणतन्त्रमा सेना पनि पठाए, यद्यपि दुई अपरेशनहरू धेरै हदसम्म असफल मानिए। यमनमा साउदी अरबको नेतृत्वमा हस्तक्षेपलाई समर्थन गरेकोमा उनले आफ्नो वामपन्थी चुनावी आधारमा विवाद निम्त्याए।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.sky.com/story/eu-must-be-firm-on-hard-brexit-warns-francois-hollande-10607872|title=EU must be firm on 'hard' Brexit, says Hollande|date=7 October 2016|access-date=4 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220213101342/https://news.sky.com/story/eu-must-be-firm-on-hard-brexit-warns-francois-hollande-10607872|archive-date=13 February 2022|publisher=Sky News|language=en-GB|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2016/oct/07/uk-must-pay-price-for-brexit-says-francois-hollande|title=UK must pay price for Brexit, says François Hollande|last=Chrisafis|first=Angelique|date=7 October 2016|newspaper=The Guardian|access-date=4 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220213101021/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2016/oct/07/uk-must-pay-price-for-brexit-says-francois-hollande|archive-date=13 February 2022|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Horobin">{{cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/french-president-hollande-says-he-wont-run-for-re-election-1480620696|title=French President François Hollande Says He Won't Run for Re-Election|last=Horobin|first=William|date=1 December 2016|newspaper=The Wall Street Journal|access-date=4 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220215004633/https://www.wsj.com/articles/french-president-hollande-says-he-wont-run-for-re-election-1480620696|archive-date=15 February 2022|issn=0099-9660|url-status=live}}</ref> == सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू == {{सन्दर्भसूची}} == बाह्य कडीहरू == [[श्रेणी:फ्रान्सका राष्ट्रपतिहरू]] {{ढाँचा:Presidents of France}} 5u8cjfcabvflbzuut0by8tt38xt9tfm 1365998 1365997 2026-07-14T07:54:43Z Bishaldev100 28807 1365998 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|फ्रान्सेली गणतन्त्रका २४औँ राष्ट्रपति}} {{Infobox officeholder | name = फ्रँस्वा ओलँद | honorific_suffix = | image = Francois Hollande 2015 (cropped).jpeg | caption = ओलँद सन् २०१५ मा | office = [[फ्रान्सको राष्ट्रपति|फ्रान्सका राष्ट्रपति]] | primeminister = [[जँ-मार्क एरो]]<br />[[मानुएल भाल्स]]<br />[[बेर्नार कज्नोभ]] | term_start = १५ मे २०१२ | term_end = १४ मे २०१७ | predecessor = [[निकोला सारकोजी]] | successor = [[एमानुएल माक्रोँ]] | office1 = [[कोरेजको विभागीय परिषदको अध्यक्ष|कोर्ज सभाका अध्यक्ष]] | term_start1 = २० मार्च २००८ | term_end1 = १५ मे २०१२ | predecessor1 = [[जँ-पियेर दुपोँ]] | successor1 = जेरार बोने | office2 = [[समाजवाद दल (फ्रान्स)का प्रथम सचिज|समाजवादी दलका सचिव]] | term_start2 = २७ नोभेम्बर १९९७ | term_end2 = २७ नोभेम्बर २००८ | predecessor2 = [[लियोनेल जोस्पेँ]] | successor2 = [[मार्टिन ओब्री]] | office3 = त्युलका नगरप्रमुख | term_start3 = १७ मार्च २००१ | term_end3 = १७ मार्च २००८ | predecessor3 = [[रेमोँ-माक्स ओब्री]] | successor3 = [[बेर्नार कोम्बे]] | office4 = कोरेजको पहिलो निर्वाचन क्षेत्रको <br/>लागि [[राष्ट्रिय सभा (फ्रान्स)|राष्ट्रिय सभा]]का सदस्य | term_start4 = १२ जुन १९९७ | term_end4 = १५ मे २०१२ | predecessor4 = लुसिएन रोनोँदी | successor4 = [[सोफी देसु]] | term_start5 = १२ जुन १९८८ | term_end5 = १ अप्रिल १९९३ | predecessor5 = जँ कोम्बास्तेई | successor5 = [[रेमोँ-माक्स ओब्री]] | office6 = [[युरोपेली संसदका सदस्य]] | term_start6 = २० जुलाई १९९९ | term_end6 = १७ डिसेम्बर १९९९ | constituency6 = [[फ्रान्स (युरोपेली संसद निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|फ्रान्स]] | birth_name = फ्रँस्वा जेरार जोर्ज निकोला ओलँद | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1954|8|12|df=y}} | birth_place = [[रोआँ]], [[सेन मारितिम]], [[फ्रान्स]] | death_date = | death_place = | party = [[समाजवादी दल (फ्रान्स)|समाजवादी दल]] | partner = [[सेगोलेन रोयल]] (सन् १९७८–२००७)<br />[[भालेरी त्रिएलभेलेर ]] (सन् २००७–२०१४)<br />[[जुली गये]] (सन् २०१४–हाल) | children = ४ | residence = | alma_mater = [[पाँतेओँ-आसास विश्वविद्यालय]]<br />व्यापारिक अध्ययनका लागि पेरिस विद्यालय (अनुवादित नाम)<br />राजनीतिक शिक्षाको लागि पेरिस अध्ययन संस्थान (अनुवादित नाम)<br />[[एकोल नास्योँनाल दाद्मिनिस्त्रास्योँ]] | signature = François Hollande signature.svg | branch = {{army|France}} }} '''फ्रँस्वा जेरार जोर्ज निकोला ओलँद''' ({{भाषा-फ्रान्सेली|François Hollande}}), (जन्म:१२ अगस्त १९५४) फ्रान्सेली राजनितिज्ञ हुन् जसले सन् २०१२ देखि सन् २०१७ सम्म [[फ्रान्सको राष्ट्रपति|फ्रान्सका राष्ट्रपति]] र आन्दोराको सह-राजकुमारको रूपमा सेवा गरेका थिए। उनी पहिले सन् १९९७ देखि २००८ सम्मको समाजवादी दलको प्रथम सचिव र सन् २००१ देखि २००८ सम्म तुल्यको नगरप्रमुख र कोरेज परिषद्को अध्यक्षको रूपमा रहेका थिए। ओलँदले सन् १९८८ देखि सन् १९९३ सम्म कोरेजको पहिलो निर्वाचन क्षेत्र र पुन: सन् १९९७ देखि सन् २०१२ सम्म दुई पटक राष्ट्रिय सम्मेलनमा पनि काम गरेका थिए। उनको जन्म रोआँ सहरमा भएको थियो भने उनी जन्मिएका र नुयी स्युर सेनमा हुर्किएका थिए। ओलँद राष्ट्रपति फ्रँस्वा मितेरँका विशेष सल्लाहकारको रूपमा आफ्नो राजनीतिक जीवन सुरु गरेका थिए भने यस भन्दा अगाडि सरकारका प्रवक्ता माक्स गालोको कर्मचारीको रूपमा सेवा गरेका थिए। उनी सन् १९९७ मा राष्ट्रिय सझाका सदस्य बनेका थिए र सन् १९९७ मा समाजवादी दलको पहिलो सचिवको रूपमा निर्वाचित भएका थिए। सन् २००४ मा समाजवादीहरू क्षेत्रीय चुनाव जिते पश्चात्, ओलँदलाई सम्भावित राष्ट्रपति पदको उम्मेद्वारका रूपमा दर्ता गरिएको थियो भने यसका साथै उनले सचिवको रूपमा राजीनामा दिएका थिए। जँ-पियर दुपोँलाई प्रतिस्थापन गर्दै सन् २००८ मा कोरेज सभाको अध्यक्षको रूपमा चुनिएका थिए। सन् २०११ मा, ओलँदले समाजवादी दलको प्रतिनिधित्व गर्दै राष्ट्रपति पदका उम्मेद्वार चयन गर्ने प्राथमिक चुनावमा उम्मेदवारी दर्ता गर्ने घोषणा गरेका थिए। उनले उनले मार्टिन ओब्रीलाई हराउँदै दोस्रो चरणमा पुगेका थिए जहाँ उनले राष्ट्रपति पदका उम्मेदवार [[निकोलस सारकोजी|निकोला सारकोजी]]लाई पराजित गर्दै फ्रान्सका राष्ट्रपति बनेका थिए। उनले ५१.६% मत प्राप्त गरेका थिए। आफ्नो कार्यकालमा, ओलान्दले समलिङ्गी विवाहलाई वैधानिकता दिए, श्रम कानून र क्रेडिट तालिम कार्यक्रमहरूमा सुधार गरे, कमुल डेस जनादेशलाई प्रतिबन्धित गर्ने कानूनमा हस्ताक्षर गरे, र अफगानिस्तानबाट फ्रान्सेली सेना फिर्ता बोलाए,<ref name=guardianAC1>{{cite news|last=Chrisafis|first=Angélique|title=Mali: high stakes in 'Hollande's war'|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jan/13/mali-high-stakes-francois-hollande|access-date=2 February 2013|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|location=London|date=13 January 2013|archive-date=18 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220218145623/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jan/13/mali-high-stakes-francois-hollande|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{cite news|last=Fouquet |first=Helene |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-01-26/sarkozy-rival-hollande-may-seek-bank-split-in-election-platform.html |title=Socialist Hollande Pledges Tax Breaks End, Eased Pension Measure |publisher=Bloomberg |date=26 January 2012 |access-date=6 May 2012 |archive-date=9 December 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209165040/http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-01-26/sarkozy-rival-hollande-may-seek-bank-split-in-election-platform.html |url-status=live }}{{Subscription required}}</ref> साथै फ्रान्को-जर्मन सम्झौता मार्फत प्रयोगशाला अनुसन्धानमा जनावरहरूको संरक्षणमा युरोपेली संघको निर्देशन पूरा गरे। ओलान्दले जनवरी र नोभेम्बर २०१५ को [[नोभेम्बर २०१५ पेरिस आक्रमण|पेरिस आक्रमण]], साथै २०१६ को नाइस आक्रमणमा देशको नेतृत्व गरे। उनी ईयू अनिवार्य आप्रवासी कोटा र लिबियामा नेटोको २०११ को सैन्य हस्तक्षेपका प्रमुख समर्थक थिए। उनले माली र मध्य अफ्रिकी गणतन्त्रलाई स्थिर बनाउन संयुक्त राष्ट्र सुरक्षा परिषद्को स्वीकृतिमा माली र मध्य अफ्रिकी गणतन्त्रमा सेना पनि पठाए, यद्यपि दुई अपरेशनहरू धेरै हदसम्म असफल मानिए। यमनमा साउदी अरबको नेतृत्वमा हस्तक्षेपलाई समर्थन गरेकोमा उनले आफ्नो वामपन्थी चुनावी आधारमा विवाद निम्त्याए।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.sky.com/story/eu-must-be-firm-on-hard-brexit-warns-francois-hollande-10607872|title=EU must be firm on 'hard' Brexit, says Hollande|date=7 October 2016|access-date=4 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220213101342/https://news.sky.com/story/eu-must-be-firm-on-hard-brexit-warns-francois-hollande-10607872|archive-date=13 February 2022|publisher=Sky News|language=en-GB|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2016/oct/07/uk-must-pay-price-for-brexit-says-francois-hollande|title=UK must pay price for Brexit, says François Hollande|last=Chrisafis|first=Angelique|date=7 October 2016|newspaper=The Guardian|access-date=4 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220213101021/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2016/oct/07/uk-must-pay-price-for-brexit-says-francois-hollande|archive-date=13 February 2022|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Horobin">{{cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/french-president-hollande-says-he-wont-run-for-re-election-1480620696|title=French President François Hollande Says He Won't Run for Re-Election|last=Horobin|first=William|date=1 December 2016|newspaper=The Wall Street Journal|access-date=4 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220215004633/https://www.wsj.com/articles/french-president-hollande-says-he-wont-run-for-re-election-1480620696|archive-date=15 February 2022|issn=0099-9660|url-status=live}}</ref> == सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू == {{सन्दर्भसूची}} == बाह्य कडीहरू == [[श्रेणी:फ्रान्सका राष्ट्रपतिहरू]] {{ढाँचा:Presidents of France}} 4r36f0a9qx9kjj76k0zkz854qwo6eny 1365999 1365998 2026-07-14T07:55:40Z Bishaldev100 28807 1365999 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|फ्रान्सेली गणतन्त्रका २४औँ राष्ट्रपति}} {{Infobox officeholder | name = फ्रँस्वा ओलँद | honorific_suffix = | image = Francois Hollande 2015 (cropped).jpeg | caption = ओलँद सन् २०१५ मा | office = [[फ्रान्सको राष्ट्रपति|फ्रान्सका राष्ट्रपति]] | primeminister = [[जँ-मार्क एरो]]<br />[[मानुएल भाल्स]]<br />[[बेर्नार कज्नोभ]] | term_start = १५ मे २०१२ | term_end = १४ मे २०१७ | predecessor = [[निकोला सारकोजी]] | successor = [[एमानुएल माक्रोँ]] | office1 = [[कोरेजको विभागीय परिषदको अध्यक्ष|कोर्ज सभाका अध्यक्ष]] | term_start1 = २० मार्च २००८ | term_end1 = १५ मे २०१२ | predecessor1 = [[जँ-पियेर दुपोँ]] | successor1 = जेरार बोने | office2 = [[समाजवाद दल (फ्रान्स)का प्रथम सचिज|समाजवादी दलका सचिव]] | term_start2 = २७ नोभेम्बर १९९७ | term_end2 = २७ नोभेम्बर २००८ | predecessor2 = [[लियोनेल जोस्पेँ]] | successor2 = [[मार्टिन ओब्री]] | office3 = त्युलका नगरप्रमुख | term_start3 = १७ मार्च २००१ | term_end3 = १७ मार्च २००८ | predecessor3 = [[रेमोँ-माक्स ओब्री]] | successor3 = [[बेर्नार कोम्बे]] | office4 = कोरेजको पहिलो निर्वाचन क्षेत्रको <br/>लागि [[राष्ट्रिय सभा (फ्रान्स)|राष्ट्रिय सभा]]का सदस्य | term_start4 = १२ जुन १९९७ | term_end4 = १५ मे २०१२ | predecessor4 = लुसिएन रोनोँदी | successor4 = [[सोफी देसु]] | term_start5 = १२ जुन १९८८ | term_end5 = १ अप्रिल १९९३ | predecessor5 = जँ कोम्बास्तेई | successor5 = [[रेमोँ-माक्स ओब्री]] | office6 = [[युरोपेली संसदका सदस्य]] | term_start6 = २० जुलाई १९९९ | term_end6 = १७ डिसेम्बर १९९९ | constituency6 = [[फ्रान्स (युरोपेली संसद निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|फ्रान्स]] | birth_name = फ्रँस्वा जेरार जोर्ज निकोला ओलँद | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1954|8|12|df=y}} | birth_place = [[रोआँ]], [[सेन मारितिम]], [[फ्रान्स]] | death_date = | death_place = | party = [[समाजवादी दल (फ्रान्स)|समाजवादी दल]] | partner = [[सेगोलेन रोयल]] (सन् १९७८–२००७)<br />[[भालेरी त्रिएलभेलेर ]] (सन् २००७–२०१४)<br />[[जुली गये]] (सन् २०१४–हाल) | children = ४ | residence = | alma_mater = [[पाँतेओँ-आसास विश्वविद्यालय]]<br />व्यापारिक अध्ययनका लागि पेरिस विद्यालय (अनुवादित नाम)<br />राजनीतिक शिक्षाको लागि पेरिस अध्ययन संस्थान (अनुवादित नाम)<br />[[एकोल नास्योँनाल दाद्मिनिस्त्रास्योँ]] | signature = François Hollande signature.svg | branch = {{army|France}} }} '''फ्रँस्वा जेरार जोर्ज निकोला ओलँद''' ({{भाषा-फ्रान्सेली|François Hollande}}), (जन्म:१२ अगस्त १९५४) फ्रान्सेली राजनितिज्ञ हुन् जसले सन् २०१२ देखि सन् २०१७ सम्म [[फ्रान्सको राष्ट्रपति|फ्रान्सका राष्ट्रपति]] र आन्दोराको सह-राजकुमारको रूपमा सेवा गरेका थिए। उनी पहिले सन् १९९७ देखि २००८ सम्मको समाजवादी दलको प्रथम सचिव र सन् २००१ देखि २००८ सम्म तुल्यको नगरप्रमुख र कोरेज परिषद्को अध्यक्षको रूपमा रहेका थिए। ओलँदले सन् १९८८ देखि सन् १९९३ सम्म कोरेजको पहिलो निर्वाचन क्षेत्र र पुन: सन् १९९७ देखि सन् २०१२ सम्म दुई पटक राष्ट्रिय सम्मेलनमा पनि काम गरेका थिए। उनको जन्म रोआँ सहरमा भएको थियो भने उनी जन्मिएका र नुयी स्युर सेनमा हुर्किएका थिए। ओलँद राष्ट्रपति फ्रँस्वा मितेरँका विशेष सल्लाहकारको रूपमा आफ्नो राजनीतिक जीवन सुरु गरेका थिए भने यस भन्दा अगाडि सरकारका प्रवक्ता माक्स गालोको कर्मचारीको रूपमा सेवा गरेका थिए। उनी सन् १९९७ मा राष्ट्रिय सझाका सदस्य बनेका थिए र सन् १९९७ मा समाजवादी दलको पहिलो सचिवको रूपमा निर्वाचित भएका थिए। सन् २००४ मा समाजवादीहरू क्षेत्रीय चुनाव जिते पश्चात्, ओलँदलाई सम्भावित राष्ट्रपति पदको उम्मेद्वारका रूपमा दर्ता गरिएको थियो भने यसका साथै उनले सचिवको रूपमा राजीनामा दिएका थिए। जँ-पियर दुपोँलाई प्रतिस्थापन गर्दै सन् २००८ मा कोरेज सभाको अध्यक्षको रूपमा चुनिएका थिए। सन् २०११ मा, ओलँदले समाजवादी दलको प्रतिनिधित्व गर्दै राष्ट्रपति पदका उम्मेद्वार चयन गर्ने प्राथमिक चुनावमा उम्मेदवारी दर्ता गर्ने घोषणा गरेका थिए। उनले मार्टिन ओब्रीलाई हराउँदै दोस्रो चरणमा पुगेका थिए जहाँ उनले राष्ट्रपति पदका उम्मेदवार [[निकोलस सारकोजी|निकोला सारकोजी]]लाई पराजित गर्दै फ्रान्सका राष्ट्रपति बनेका थिए। उनले ५१.६% मत प्राप्त गरेका थिए। आफ्नो कार्यकालमा, ओलान्दले समलिङ्गी विवाहलाई वैधानिकता दिए, श्रम कानून र क्रेडिट तालिम कार्यक्रमहरूमा सुधार गरे, कमुल डेस जनादेशलाई प्रतिबन्धित गर्ने कानूनमा हस्ताक्षर गरे, र अफगानिस्तानबाट फ्रान्सेली सेना फिर्ता बोलाए,<ref name=guardianAC1>{{cite news|last=Chrisafis|first=Angélique|title=Mali: high stakes in 'Hollande's war'|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jan/13/mali-high-stakes-francois-hollande|access-date=2 February 2013|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|location=London|date=13 January 2013|archive-date=18 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220218145623/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jan/13/mali-high-stakes-francois-hollande|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{cite news|last=Fouquet |first=Helene |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-01-26/sarkozy-rival-hollande-may-seek-bank-split-in-election-platform.html |title=Socialist Hollande Pledges Tax Breaks End, Eased Pension Measure |publisher=Bloomberg |date=26 January 2012 |access-date=6 May 2012 |archive-date=9 December 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209165040/http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-01-26/sarkozy-rival-hollande-may-seek-bank-split-in-election-platform.html |url-status=live }}{{Subscription required}}</ref> साथै फ्रान्को-जर्मन सम्झौता मार्फत प्रयोगशाला अनुसन्धानमा जनावरहरूको संरक्षणमा युरोपेली संघको निर्देशन पूरा गरे। ओलान्दले जनवरी र नोभेम्बर २०१५ को [[नोभेम्बर २०१५ पेरिस आक्रमण|पेरिस आक्रमण]], साथै २०१६ को नाइस आक्रमणमा देशको नेतृत्व गरे। उनी ईयू अनिवार्य आप्रवासी कोटा र लिबियामा नेटोको २०११ को सैन्य हस्तक्षेपका प्रमुख समर्थक थिए। उनले माली र मध्य अफ्रिकी गणतन्त्रलाई स्थिर बनाउन संयुक्त राष्ट्र सुरक्षा परिषद्को स्वीकृतिमा [[माली]] र [[मध्य अफ्रिकी गणतन्त्र]]मा सेना पनि पठाए, यद्यपि दुई अपरेशनहरू धेरै हदसम्म असफल मानिए। यमनमा साउदी अरबको नेतृत्वमा हस्तक्षेपलाई समर्थन गरेकोमा उनले आफ्नो वामपन्थी चुनावी आधारमा विवाद निम्त्याए।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.sky.com/story/eu-must-be-firm-on-hard-brexit-warns-francois-hollande-10607872|title=EU must be firm on 'hard' Brexit, says Hollande|date=7 October 2016|access-date=4 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220213101342/https://news.sky.com/story/eu-must-be-firm-on-hard-brexit-warns-francois-hollande-10607872|archive-date=13 February 2022|publisher=Sky News|language=en-GB|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2016/oct/07/uk-must-pay-price-for-brexit-says-francois-hollande|title=UK must pay price for Brexit, says François Hollande|last=Chrisafis|first=Angelique|date=7 October 2016|newspaper=The Guardian|access-date=4 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220213101021/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2016/oct/07/uk-must-pay-price-for-brexit-says-francois-hollande|archive-date=13 February 2022|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Horobin">{{cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/french-president-hollande-says-he-wont-run-for-re-election-1480620696|title=French President François Hollande Says He Won't Run for Re-Election|last=Horobin|first=William|date=1 December 2016|newspaper=The Wall Street Journal|access-date=4 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220215004633/https://www.wsj.com/articles/french-president-hollande-says-he-wont-run-for-re-election-1480620696|archive-date=15 February 2022|issn=0099-9660|url-status=live}}</ref> == सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू == {{सन्दर्भसूची}} == बाह्य कडीहरू == [[श्रेणी:फ्रान्सका राष्ट्रपतिहरू]] {{ढाँचा:Presidents of France}} ta713nqqlgls9fliv1m8vs4v9iugseb 1366002 1365999 2026-07-14T09:15:47Z हिमाल सुवेदी 30817 /* */ 1366002 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|फ्रान्सेली गणतन्त्रका २४औँ राष्ट्रपति}} {{Infobox officeholder | name = फ्रँस्वा ओलँद | honorific_suffix = | image = Francois Hollande 2015 (cropped).jpeg | caption = ओलँद सन् २०१५ मा | office = [[फ्रान्सको राष्ट्रपति|फ्रान्सका राष्ट्रपति]] | prime_minister = [[जँ-मार्क एरो]]<br />[[मानुएल भाल्स]]<br />[[बेर्नार कज्नोभ]] | term_start = १५ मे २०१२ | term_end = १४ मे २०१७ | predecessor = [[निकोला सारकोजी]] | successor = [[एमानुएल माक्रोँ]] | office1 = [[कोरेजको विभागीय परिषदको अध्यक्ष|कोर्ज सभाका अध्यक्ष]] | term_start1 = २० मार्च २००८ | term_end1 = १५ मे २०१२ | predecessor1 = [[जँ-पियेर दुपोँ]] | successor1 = जेरार बोने | office2 = [[समाजवाद दल (फ्रान्स)|समाजवादी दलका सचिव]] | term_start2 = २७ नोभेम्बर १९९७ | term_end2 = २७ नोभेम्बर २००८ | predecessor2 = [[लियोनेल जोस्पेँ]] | successor2 = [[मार्टिन ओब्री]] | office3 = त्युलका नगरप्रमुख | term_start3 = १७ मार्च २००१ | term_end3 = १७ मार्च २००८ | predecessor3 = [[रेमोँ-माक्स ओब्री]] | successor3 = [[बेर्नार कोम्बे]] | office4 = कोरेजको पहिलो निर्वाचन क्षेत्रको <br/>लागि [[राष्ट्रिय सभा (फ्रान्स)|राष्ट्रिय सभा]]का सदस्य | term_start4 = १२ जुन १९९७ | term_end4 = १५ मे २०१२ | predecessor4 = लुसिएन रोनोँदी | successor4 = [[सोफी देसु]] | term_start5 = १२ जुन १९८८ | term_end5 = १ अप्रिल १९९३ | predecessor5 = जँ कोम्बास्तेई | successor5 = [[रेमोँ-माक्स ओब्री]] | office6 = [[युरोपेली संसदका सदस्य]] | term_start6 = २० जुलाई १९९९ | term_end6 = १७ डिसेम्बर १९९९ | constituency6 = [[फ्रान्स (युरोपेली संसद निर्वाचन क्षेत्र)|फ्रान्स]] | birth_name = फ्रँस्वा जेरार जोर्ज निकोला ओलँद | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1954|8|12|df=y}} | birth_place = [[रोआँ]], [[सेन मारितिम]], [[फ्रान्स]] | death_date = | death_place = | party = [[समाजवादी दल (फ्रान्स)|समाजवादी दल]] | partner = [[सेगोलेन रोयल]] (सन् १९७८–२००७)<br />[[भालेरी त्रिएलभेलेर ]] (सन् २००७–२०१४)<br />[[जुली गये]] (सन् २०१४–हाल) | children = ४ | residence = | alma_mater = [[पाँतेओँ-आसास विश्वविद्यालय]]<br />व्यापारिक अध्ययनका लागि पेरिस विद्यालय (अनुवादित नाम)<br />राजनीतिक शिक्षाको लागि पेरिस अध्ययन संस्थान (अनुवादित नाम)<br />[[एकोल नास्योँनाल दाद्मिनिस्त्रास्योँ]] | signature = François Hollande signature.svg | branch = {{army|France}} }} '''फ्रँस्वा जेरार जोर्ज निकोला ओलँद''' ({{भाषा-फ्रान्सेली|François Hollande}}), (जन्म:१२ अगस्त १९५४) फ्रान्सेली राजनितिज्ञ हुन् जसले सन् २०१२ देखि सन् २०१७ सम्म [[फ्रान्सको राष्ट्रपति|फ्रान्सका राष्ट्रपति]] र आन्दोराको सह-राजकुमारको रूपमा सेवा गरेका थिए। उनी पहिले सन् १९९७ देखि २००८ सम्मको समाजवादी दलको प्रथम सचिव र सन् २००१ देखि २००८ सम्म तुल्यको नगरप्रमुख र कोरेज परिषद्को अध्यक्षको रूपमा रहेका थिए। ओलँदले सन् १९८८ देखि सन् १९९३ सम्म कोरेजको पहिलो निर्वाचन क्षेत्र र पुन: सन् १९९७ देखि सन् २०१२ सम्म दुई पटक राष्ट्रिय सम्मेलनमा पनि काम गरेका थिए। उनको जन्म रोआँ सहरमा भएको थियो भने उनी जन्मिएका र नुयी स्युर सेनमा हुर्किएका थिए। ओलँद राष्ट्रपति फ्रँस्वा मितेरँका विशेष सल्लाहकारको रूपमा आफ्नो राजनीतिक जीवन सुरु गरेका थिए भने यस भन्दा अगाडि सरकारका प्रवक्ता माक्स गालोको कर्मचारीको रूपमा सेवा गरेका थिए। उनी सन् १९९७ मा राष्ट्रिय सझाका सदस्य बनेका थिए र सन् १९९७ मा समाजवादी दलको पहिलो सचिवको रूपमा निर्वाचित भएका थिए। सन् २००४ मा समाजवादीहरू क्षेत्रीय चुनाव जिते पश्चात्, ओलँदलाई सम्भावित राष्ट्रपति पदको उम्मेद्वारका रूपमा दर्ता गरिएको थियो भने यसका साथै उनले सचिवको रूपमा राजीनामा दिएका थिए। जँ-पियर दुपोँलाई प्रतिस्थापन गर्दै सन् २००८ मा कोरेज सभाको अध्यक्षको रूपमा चुनिएका थिए। सन् २०११ मा, ओलँदले समाजवादी दलको प्रतिनिधित्व गर्दै राष्ट्रपति पदका उम्मेद्वार चयन गर्ने प्राथमिक चुनावमा उम्मेदवारी दर्ता गर्ने घोषणा गरेका थिए। उनले मार्टिन ओब्रीलाई हराउँदै दोस्रो चरणमा पुगेका थिए जहाँ उनले राष्ट्रपति पदका उम्मेदवार [[निकोलस सारकोजी|निकोला सारकोजी]]लाई पराजित गर्दै फ्रान्सका राष्ट्रपति बनेका थिए। उनले ५१.६% मत प्राप्त गरेका थिए। आफ्नो कार्यकालमा, ओलान्दले समलिङ्गी विवाहलाई वैधानिकता दिए, श्रम कानून र क्रेडिट तालिम कार्यक्रमहरूमा सुधार गरे, कमुल डेस जनादेशलाई प्रतिबन्धित गर्ने कानूनमा हस्ताक्षर गरे, र अफगानिस्तानबाट फ्रान्सेली सेना फिर्ता बोलाए,<ref name=guardianAC1>{{cite news|last=Chrisafis|first=Angélique|title=Mali: high stakes in 'Hollande's war'|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jan/13/mali-high-stakes-francois-hollande|access-date=2 February 2013|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|location=London|date=13 January 2013|archive-date=18 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220218145623/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jan/13/mali-high-stakes-francois-hollande|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{cite news|last=Fouquet |first=Helene |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-01-26/sarkozy-rival-hollande-may-seek-bank-split-in-election-platform.html |title=Socialist Hollande Pledges Tax Breaks End, Eased Pension Measure |publisher=Bloomberg |date=26 January 2012 |access-date=6 May 2012 |archive-date=9 December 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209165040/http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-01-26/sarkozy-rival-hollande-may-seek-bank-split-in-election-platform.html |url-status=live }}{{Subscription required}}</ref> साथै फ्रान्को-जर्मन सम्झौता मार्फत प्रयोगशाला अनुसन्धानमा जनावरहरूको संरक्षणमा युरोपेली संघको निर्देशन पूरा गरे। ओलान्दले जनवरी र नोभेम्बर २०१५ को [[नोभेम्बर २०१५ पेरिस आक्रमण|पेरिस आक्रमण]], साथै २०१६ को नाइस आक्रमणमा देशको नेतृत्व गरे। उनी ईयू अनिवार्य आप्रवासी कोटा र लिबियामा नेटोको २०११ को सैन्य हस्तक्षेपका प्रमुख समर्थक थिए। उनले माली र मध्य अफ्रिकी गणतन्त्रलाई स्थिर बनाउन संयुक्त राष्ट्र सुरक्षा परिषद्को स्वीकृतिमा [[माली]] र [[मध्य अफ्रिकी गणतन्त्र]]मा सेना पनि पठाए, यद्यपि दुई अपरेशनहरू धेरै हदसम्म असफल मानिए। यमनमा साउदी अरबको नेतृत्वमा हस्तक्षेपलाई समर्थन गरेकोमा उनले आफ्नो वामपन्थी चुनावी आधारमा विवाद निम्त्याए।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.sky.com/story/eu-must-be-firm-on-hard-brexit-warns-francois-hollande-10607872|title=EU must be firm on 'hard' Brexit, says Hollande|date=7 October 2016|access-date=4 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220213101342/https://news.sky.com/story/eu-must-be-firm-on-hard-brexit-warns-francois-hollande-10607872|archive-date=13 February 2022|publisher=Sky News|language=en-GB|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2016/oct/07/uk-must-pay-price-for-brexit-says-francois-hollande|title=UK must pay price for Brexit, says François Hollande|last=Chrisafis|first=Angelique|date=7 October 2016|newspaper=The Guardian|access-date=4 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220213101021/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2016/oct/07/uk-must-pay-price-for-brexit-says-francois-hollande|archive-date=13 February 2022|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Horobin">{{cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/french-president-hollande-says-he-wont-run-for-re-election-1480620696|title=French President François Hollande Says He Won't Run for Re-Election|last=Horobin|first=William|date=1 December 2016|newspaper=The Wall Street Journal|access-date=4 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220215004633/https://www.wsj.com/articles/french-president-hollande-says-he-wont-run-for-re-election-1480620696|archive-date=15 February 2022|issn=0099-9660|url-status=live}}</ref> == सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू == {{सन्दर्भसूची}} == बाह्य कडीहरू == [[श्रेणी:फ्रान्सका राष्ट्रपतिहरू]] {{ढाँचा:Presidents of France}} 54h5f9cocohmk3w3wug1pudon86k359 0 98578 1365983 1162707 2026-07-14T07:15:16Z Bishaldev100 28807 1365983 wikitext text/x-wiki '''उत्प्रेरणा'''को शाब्दिक अर्थ अग्रसर बनाउनु हो । सङ्गठनात्मक उद्देश्य हासिल गर्नका लागि [[सङ्गठन]]मा आबद्ध कर्मचारीहरूमा काम गर्ने तीव्र चाहना, इच्छा र जागरण अत्यावश्यक हुन्छ । तसर्थ उत्प्रेरणाले कर्मचारीको सङ्गठनात्मक कार्य गर्न बल प्रदान गर्छ ।<ref>व्यवस्थापनको सिद्धान्त : डा. सन्तोषराज पौड्याल , गोपालमान प्रधान, केदारप्रसाद भण्डारी २०७०</ref> उत्प्रेरणा मनोबैज्ञानिक मानवीय पक्ष हो । यो कर्मचारीलाई कामप्रति उत्सुकता जगाउने कार्य हो । ==व्यवस्थापन विज्ञहरूको परिभाषा== william G Scott उत्प्रेरणा भनेको लक्षित उद्देश्य प्राप्त गर्न मानिसहरूलाई काम गर्न उत्साहित गर्नु हो । Decenzo and Robbins उत्प्रेरणा उच्च मेहनत गर्ने इच्छा हो; जुन प्रयास व्यक्तिगत उद्देश्य प्राप्त गर्ने शर्तमा गरिन्छ । Dalton E. McFarland उत्प्रेरणाको धारणा विशेष गरी मनोबैज्ञानिक छ । यसले कर्मचारीहरूलाई निश्चित तरिकाले काम गर्न वा नगर्न तत्पर बनाउने सबै तत्वहरूसँग सम्बन्ध राख्छ । koontz and O'Donnell उत्प्रेरणा भनेको उत्साह, इच्छा, आवश्यकता तथा त्यस्तै अन्य तत्वहरु प्रदान गर्नु हो; जसले मानिसहरूलाई काम गर्न प्रेरित गर्छ । Dale S Beach उत्प्रेरणा लक्ष्य अथवा पुरस्कार प्राप्त गर्नका लागि शक्तिको विस्तार गर्ने तत्परता हो । == प्रकार == === आन्तरिक र बाह्य === [[चित्र:Muhammad_Intrinsic_vs_Extrinsic_Motivation.png|पाठ=Image of two boys playing soccer|अङ्गुठाकार|आन्तरिक प्रेरणा आन्तरिक कारकहरूबाट उत्पन्न हुन्छ, जस्तै गतिविधिको आनन्द लिने। बाह्य प्रेरणा बाह्य कारकहरूमा आधारित हुन्छ, जस्तै प्राप्त पुरस्कार लिने।]] आन्तरिक र बाह्य उत्प्रेरणा बीचको भिन्नता प्रेरणाको स्रोत वा उत्पत्तिमा आधारित हुन्छ। आन्तरिक प्रेरणा व्यक्ति भित्रबाट आउँछ, जो आनन्द, जिज्ञासाको भावनाबाट काममा संलग्न हुन्छ। यो तब हुन्छ जब मानिसहरूले आफ्नै लागि काम गर्छ। यो प्रभावकारी कारकहरूको कारणले हुन सक्छ, जब व्यक्ति व्यवहारमा संलग्न हुन्छ किनभने यो राम्रो लाग्छ, वा संज्ञानात्मक कारकहरू, जब उनीहरूले यसलाई राम्रो वा अर्थपूर्ण रूपमा हेर्छन्। <ref>{{multiref|{{harvnb|Silverthorne|2005|pp=[https://books.google.com/books?id=5DAQkVwgKBQC&pg=PA99 99–100]}}|{{harvnb|VandenBos|2015|p=560}}}}</ref> आन्तरिक प्रेरणाको उदाहरण एक व्यक्ति हो जसले खाजाको ब्रेकको समयमा बास्केटबल खेल्छ किनभने उनीहरूले यसको आनन्द लिन्छन्।<ref name="auto" /> Extrinsic motivation arises from external factors, such as rewards, punishments, or [[Recognition (sociology)|recognition]] from others. This occurs when people engage in an activity because they are interested in the effects or the outcome of the activity rather than in the activity itself.<ref>{{multiref|{{harvnb|Silverthorne|2005|pp=[https://books.google.com/books?id=5DAQkVwgKBQC&pg=PA99 99–100]}}|{{harvnb|VandenBos|2015|p=430}}}}</ref> For instance, if a student does their homework because they are afraid of being punished by their parents then extrinsic motivation is responsible.<ref>{{multiref|{{harvnb|Ryan|Deci|2000|pp=54–55}}|{{harvnb|Brehm|2014|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=1lYOAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA132 132]}}}}</ref> ==उत्प्रेरणाका विशेषताहरु== #मनोबैज्ञानिक प्रक्रिया<br>उत्प्रेरणाको सम्बन्ध मानिसको आवश्यकता र चाहनाहरूसँग हुन्छ । यसले व्यवहारलाई मार्गदर्शन गर्छ । नियमित प्रक्रिया जटिल तथा भविष्यवाणी गर्न नसकिने सर्वव्यापी कार्य व्यवहारमा प्रभाव सम्पूर्ण व्यक्ति उत्प्रेरित सकारात्मक वा नकारात्मक लक्ष्योन्मुख -काम गर्ने वातावरणको निर्माण गर्छ -यो व्यक्ति अनुसार फरक प्रकृतिको हुन्छ ==उत्प्रेरणाको महत्त्व== * नाफा हुने कार्य गर्ने * उच्च उत्पादकत्व * परिवर्तनको स्वीकार * मानव संसाधनको प्रभावकारी उपयोग * कर्मचारी सन्तुष्टि * विवाद र हड्तालमा कमी * समन्वयको आधार * कर्मचारी स्थायित्व * निरीक्षण खर्चमा कमी * सङ्गठनात्मक लक्ष प्राप्ति ==उत्प्रेरणाको सिद्धान्तहरु== === आवश्यकता शृङ्खला सिद्धान्त === {{main|आवश्यकता शृङ्खला सिद्धान्त}} [[चित्र:आवश्यकता_शृंखला_सिद्धान्त.png|अङ्गुठाकार|अब्राहम मास्लोको आवश्यकता शृंखला सिद्धान्त]] [[अब्राहम मास्लो]] (१९५४) पाँच वर्गमा आवश्यकता शृङ्खला को अवधारणाको बिकास गरेका थिए । मास्लो को अनुसार , मानिसहरू पुरा नभएका आवश्यकताबात उत्प्रेरित हुन्छन् । आवश्यकताहरू, आधारभूत देखि अतिरिक्त आवश्यकता यस प्रकार छन् :<ref>{{cite web |title=The Content Theories of Motivation |url=https://sielearning.tafensw.edu.au/MBA/9791F/BusinessServices/LO/1207_020138_605F_02_wi/1207_020138_605F_0204_wi.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180315070455/https://sielearning.tafensw.edu.au/MBA/9791F/BusinessServices/LO/1207_020138_605F_02_wi/1207_020138_605F_0204_wi.htm |archive-date=2018-03-15 |access-date=2014-10-21 |work=module 9791F Leading Organisations |publisher=Technical and Further Education (TAFE) |location=New South Wales, Australia }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180315070455/https://sielearning.tafensw.edu.au/MBA/9791F/BusinessServices/LO/1207_020138_605F_02_wi/1207_020138_605F_0204_wi.htm |date=2018-03-15 }}</ref> * शारीरिक आवश्यकता : गास, बास कपास * सुरक्षा आवश्यकता : Safety/Security/Shelter/Health * सामाजिक आवश्यकता: Social/Love/Friendship * अहम आवश्यकता :[[Self-esteem]]/[[Recognition (sociology)|Recognition]]/Achievement * आत्म सन्तुष्टि आवश्यकता: [[Self-actualization]]/achievement of full [[potential]] [[चित्र:आवश्यकता_शृङ्खला_सिद्धान्त.png|alt=आवश्यकता शृङ्खला सिद्धान्त.png|thumb|आवश्यकता शृङ्खला|300x300px]] [[अब्राहम मास्लो]]को यो सिद्धान्त निम्नलिखित मान्यताहरूमा आधारित छ । # मानिसका आवश्यकता र उद्देश्य अनगिन्ती हुन्छन् । # आवश्यकताको शृङ्खला हुन्छ । # असन्तुष्ट आवश्यकताले कर्मचारीलाई उत्प्रेरित गर्छ । # मानिसले विकास र विस्तार चाहन्छ । === दुई तत्त्व सिद्धान्त === == कर्मचारी उत्प्रेरणाका तरिकाहरु == १. वित्तिय सुविधा २. सहभागिता ३. अधिकार प्रत्यायोजन ४. जागिरको स्थायित्व ५. कार्य समृद्धिकरण ६. कार्य आलोपालो ७. कार्य जीवनको गुण == सन्दर्भ == <references /> {{कमन्सश्रेणी|Motivation}} [[श्रेणी:व्यवस्थापन शब्दावली]] m2xr8rlo083p6ojxfgxkspwup4g0z0f 1365984 1365983 2026-07-14T07:19:03Z Bishaldev100 28807 /* आन्तरिक र बाह्य */ 1365984 wikitext text/x-wiki '''उत्प्रेरणा'''को शाब्दिक अर्थ अग्रसर बनाउनु हो । सङ्गठनात्मक उद्देश्य हासिल गर्नका लागि [[सङ्गठन]]मा आबद्ध कर्मचारीहरूमा काम गर्ने तीव्र चाहना, इच्छा र जागरण अत्यावश्यक हुन्छ । तसर्थ उत्प्रेरणाले कर्मचारीको सङ्गठनात्मक कार्य गर्न बल प्रदान गर्छ ।<ref>व्यवस्थापनको सिद्धान्त : डा. सन्तोषराज पौड्याल , गोपालमान प्रधान, केदारप्रसाद भण्डारी २०७०</ref> उत्प्रेरणा मनोबैज्ञानिक मानवीय पक्ष हो । यो कर्मचारीलाई कामप्रति उत्सुकता जगाउने कार्य हो । ==व्यवस्थापन विज्ञहरूको परिभाषा== william G Scott उत्प्रेरणा भनेको लक्षित उद्देश्य प्राप्त गर्न मानिसहरूलाई काम गर्न उत्साहित गर्नु हो । Decenzo and Robbins उत्प्रेरणा उच्च मेहनत गर्ने इच्छा हो; जुन प्रयास व्यक्तिगत उद्देश्य प्राप्त गर्ने शर्तमा गरिन्छ । Dalton E. McFarland उत्प्रेरणाको धारणा विशेष गरी मनोबैज्ञानिक छ । यसले कर्मचारीहरूलाई निश्चित तरिकाले काम गर्न वा नगर्न तत्पर बनाउने सबै तत्वहरूसँग सम्बन्ध राख्छ । koontz and O'Donnell उत्प्रेरणा भनेको उत्साह, इच्छा, आवश्यकता तथा त्यस्तै अन्य तत्वहरु प्रदान गर्नु हो; जसले मानिसहरूलाई काम गर्न प्रेरित गर्छ । Dale S Beach उत्प्रेरणा लक्ष्य अथवा पुरस्कार प्राप्त गर्नका लागि शक्तिको विस्तार गर्ने तत्परता हो । == प्रकार == === आन्तरिक र बाह्य === [[चित्र:Muhammad_Intrinsic_vs_Extrinsic_Motivation.png|पाठ=Image of two boys playing soccer|अङ्गुठाकार|आन्तरिक प्रेरणा आन्तरिक कारकहरूबाट उत्पन्न हुन्छ, जस्तै गतिविधिको आनन्द लिने। बाह्य प्रेरणा बाह्य कारकहरूमा आधारित हुन्छ, जस्तै प्राप्त पुरस्कार लिने।]] आन्तरिक र बाह्य उत्प्रेरणा बीचको भिन्नता प्रेरणाको स्रोत वा उत्पत्तिमा आधारित हुन्छ। आन्तरिक प्रेरणा व्यक्ति भित्रबाट आउँछ, जो आनन्द, जिज्ञासाको भावनाबाट काममा संलग्न हुन्छ। यो तब हुन्छ जब मानिसहरूले आफ्नै लागि काम गर्छ। यो प्रभावकारी कारकहरूको कारणले हुन सक्छ, जब व्यक्ति व्यवहारमा संलग्न हुन्छ किनभने यो राम्रो लाग्छ, वा संज्ञानात्मक कारकहरू, जब उनीहरूले यसलाई राम्रो वा अर्थपूर्ण रूपमा हेर्छन्। <ref>{{multiref|{{harvnb|Silverthorne|2005|pp=[https://books.google.com/books?id=5DAQkVwgKBQC&pg=PA99 99–100]}}|{{harvnb|VandenBos|2015|p=560}}}}</ref> आन्तरिक प्रेरणाको उदाहरण एक व्यक्ति हो जसले खाजाको ब्रेकको समयमा बास्केटबल खेल्छ किनभने उनीहरूले यसको आनन्द लिन्छन्।<ref name="auto" /> बाह्य प्रेरणा बाह्य कारकहरूबाट उत्पन्न हुन्छ, जस्तै पुरस्कार, दण्ड, वा अरूबाट सम्मान। यो तब हुन्छ जब मानिसहरू गतिविधिमा संलग्न हुन्छन् किनभने जब मानिसहरू काममा भन्दा कामको प्रभाव वा परिणाममा रुचि राख्छन्, तब बाह्य उत्प्रेरणा प्रभावकारी हुन्छ।<ref>{{multiref|{{harvnb|Silverthorne|2005|pp=[https://books.google.com/books?id=5DAQkVwgKBQC&pg=PA99 99–100]}}|{{harvnb|VandenBos|2015|p=430}}}}</ref> उदाहरणका लागि, यदि कुनै विद्यार्थीले आफ्ना आमाबाबुबाट दण्डित हुने डरले गृहकार्य गर्छ भने यो बाह्य प्रेरणाको प्रभाव हो । <ref>{{multiref|{{harvnb|Ryan|Deci|2000|pp=54–55}}|{{harvnb|Brehm|2014|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=1lYOAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA132 132]}}}}</ref> ==उत्प्रेरणाका विशेषताहरु== #मनोबैज्ञानिक प्रक्रिया<br>उत्प्रेरणाको सम्बन्ध मानिसको आवश्यकता र चाहनाहरूसँग हुन्छ । यसले व्यवहारलाई मार्गदर्शन गर्छ । नियमित प्रक्रिया जटिल तथा भविष्यवाणी गर्न नसकिने सर्वव्यापी कार्य व्यवहारमा प्रभाव सम्पूर्ण व्यक्ति उत्प्रेरित सकारात्मक वा नकारात्मक लक्ष्योन्मुख -काम गर्ने वातावरणको निर्माण गर्छ -यो व्यक्ति अनुसार फरक प्रकृतिको हुन्छ ==उत्प्रेरणाको महत्त्व== * नाफा हुने कार्य गर्ने * उच्च उत्पादकत्व * परिवर्तनको स्वीकार * मानव संसाधनको प्रभावकारी उपयोग * कर्मचारी सन्तुष्टि * विवाद र हड्तालमा कमी * समन्वयको आधार * कर्मचारी स्थायित्व * निरीक्षण खर्चमा कमी * सङ्गठनात्मक लक्ष प्राप्ति ==उत्प्रेरणाको सिद्धान्तहरु== === आवश्यकता शृङ्खला सिद्धान्त === {{main|आवश्यकता शृङ्खला सिद्धान्त}} [[चित्र:आवश्यकता_शृंखला_सिद्धान्त.png|अङ्गुठाकार|अब्राहम मास्लोको आवश्यकता शृंखला सिद्धान्त]] [[अब्राहम मास्लो]] (१९५४) पाँच वर्गमा आवश्यकता शृङ्खला को अवधारणाको बिकास गरेका थिए । मास्लो को अनुसार , मानिसहरू पुरा नभएका आवश्यकताबात उत्प्रेरित हुन्छन् । आवश्यकताहरू, आधारभूत देखि अतिरिक्त आवश्यकता यस प्रकार छन् :<ref>{{cite web |title=The Content Theories of Motivation |url=https://sielearning.tafensw.edu.au/MBA/9791F/BusinessServices/LO/1207_020138_605F_02_wi/1207_020138_605F_0204_wi.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180315070455/https://sielearning.tafensw.edu.au/MBA/9791F/BusinessServices/LO/1207_020138_605F_02_wi/1207_020138_605F_0204_wi.htm |archive-date=2018-03-15 |access-date=2014-10-21 |work=module 9791F Leading Organisations |publisher=Technical and Further Education (TAFE) |location=New South Wales, Australia }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180315070455/https://sielearning.tafensw.edu.au/MBA/9791F/BusinessServices/LO/1207_020138_605F_02_wi/1207_020138_605F_0204_wi.htm |date=2018-03-15 }}</ref> * शारीरिक आवश्यकता : गास, बास कपास * सुरक्षा आवश्यकता : Safety/Security/Shelter/Health * सामाजिक आवश्यकता: Social/Love/Friendship * अहम आवश्यकता :[[Self-esteem]]/[[Recognition (sociology)|Recognition]]/Achievement * आत्म सन्तुष्टि आवश्यकता: [[Self-actualization]]/achievement of full [[potential]] [[चित्र:आवश्यकता_शृङ्खला_सिद्धान्त.png|alt=आवश्यकता शृङ्खला सिद्धान्त.png|thumb|आवश्यकता शृङ्खला|300x300px]] [[अब्राहम मास्लो]]को यो सिद्धान्त निम्नलिखित मान्यताहरूमा आधारित छ । # मानिसका आवश्यकता र उद्देश्य अनगिन्ती हुन्छन् । # आवश्यकताको शृङ्खला हुन्छ । # असन्तुष्ट आवश्यकताले कर्मचारीलाई उत्प्रेरित गर्छ । # मानिसले विकास र विस्तार चाहन्छ । === दुई तत्त्व सिद्धान्त === == कर्मचारी उत्प्रेरणाका तरिकाहरु == १. वित्तिय सुविधा २. सहभागिता ३. अधिकार प्रत्यायोजन ४. जागिरको स्थायित्व ५. कार्य समृद्धिकरण ६. कार्य आलोपालो ७. कार्य जीवनको गुण == सन्दर्भ == <references /> {{कमन्सश्रेणी|Motivation}} [[श्रेणी:व्यवस्थापन शब्दावली]] 5wvi0bi7e2cgqv2rotf7vqtjgx5hlqn 1365987 1365984 2026-07-14T07:24:22Z Bishaldev100 28807 /* प्रकार */ 1365987 wikitext text/x-wiki '''उत्प्रेरणा'''को शाब्दिक अर्थ अग्रसर बनाउनु हो । सङ्गठनात्मक उद्देश्य हासिल गर्नका लागि [[सङ्गठन]]मा आबद्ध कर्मचारीहरूमा काम गर्ने तीव्र चाहना, इच्छा र जागरण अत्यावश्यक हुन्छ । तसर्थ उत्प्रेरणाले कर्मचारीको सङ्गठनात्मक कार्य गर्न बल प्रदान गर्छ ।<ref>व्यवस्थापनको सिद्धान्त : डा. सन्तोषराज पौड्याल , गोपालमान प्रधान, केदारप्रसाद भण्डारी २०७०</ref> उत्प्रेरणा मनोबैज्ञानिक मानवीय पक्ष हो । यो कर्मचारीलाई कामप्रति उत्सुकता जगाउने कार्य हो । ==व्यवस्थापन विज्ञहरूको परिभाषा== william G Scott उत्प्रेरणा भनेको लक्षित उद्देश्य प्राप्त गर्न मानिसहरूलाई काम गर्न उत्साहित गर्नु हो । Decenzo and Robbins उत्प्रेरणा उच्च मेहनत गर्ने इच्छा हो; जुन प्रयास व्यक्तिगत उद्देश्य प्राप्त गर्ने शर्तमा गरिन्छ । Dalton E. McFarland उत्प्रेरणाको धारणा विशेष गरी मनोबैज्ञानिक छ । यसले कर्मचारीहरूलाई निश्चित तरिकाले काम गर्न वा नगर्न तत्पर बनाउने सबै तत्वहरूसँग सम्बन्ध राख्छ । koontz and O'Donnell उत्प्रेरणा भनेको उत्साह, इच्छा, आवश्यकता तथा त्यस्तै अन्य तत्वहरु प्रदान गर्नु हो; जसले मानिसहरूलाई काम गर्न प्रेरित गर्छ । Dale S Beach उत्प्रेरणा लक्ष्य अथवा पुरस्कार प्राप्त गर्नका लागि शक्तिको विस्तार गर्ने तत्परता हो । == प्रकार == === आन्तरिक र बाह्य === [[चित्र:Muhammad_Intrinsic_vs_Extrinsic_Motivation.png|पाठ=Image of two boys playing soccer|अङ्गुठाकार|आन्तरिक प्रेरणा आन्तरिक कारकहरूबाट उत्पन्न हुन्छ, जस्तै गतिविधिको आनन्द लिने। बाह्य प्रेरणा बाह्य कारकहरूमा आधारित हुन्छ, जस्तै प्राप्त पुरस्कार लिने।]] आन्तरिक र बाह्य उत्प्रेरणा बीचको भिन्नता प्रेरणाको स्रोत वा उत्पत्तिमा आधारित हुन्छ। आन्तरिक प्रेरणा व्यक्ति भित्रबाट आउँछ, जो आनन्द, जिज्ञासाको भावनाबाट काममा संलग्न हुन्छ। यो तब हुन्छ जब मानिसहरूले आफ्नै लागि काम गर्छ। यो प्रभावकारी कारकहरूको कारणले हुन सक्छ, जब व्यक्ति व्यवहारमा संलग्न हुन्छ किनभने यो राम्रो लाग्छ, वा संज्ञानात्मक कारकहरू, जब उनीहरूले यसलाई राम्रो वा अर्थपूर्ण रूपमा हेर्छन्। <ref>{{multiref|{{harvnb|Silverthorne|2005|pp=[https://books.google.com/books?id=5DAQkVwgKBQC&pg=PA99 99–100]}}|{{harvnb|VandenBos|2015|p=560}}}}</ref> आन्तरिक प्रेरणाको उदाहरण एक व्यक्ति हो जसले खाजाको ब्रेकको समयमा बास्केटबल खेल्छ किनभने उनीहरूले यसको आनन्द लिन्छन्।<ref name="auto" /> बाह्य प्रेरणा बाह्य कारकहरूबाट उत्पन्न हुन्छ, जस्तै पुरस्कार, दण्ड, वा अरूबाट सम्मान। यो तब हुन्छ जब मानिसहरू गतिविधिमा संलग्न हुन्छन् किनभने जब मानिसहरू काममा भन्दा कामको प्रभाव वा परिणाममा रुचि राख्छन्, तब बाह्य उत्प्रेरणा प्रभावकारी हुन्छ।<ref>{{multiref|{{harvnb|Silverthorne|2005|pp=[https://books.google.com/books?id=5DAQkVwgKBQC&pg=PA99 99–100]}}|{{harvnb|VandenBos|2015|p=430}}}}</ref> उदाहरणका लागि, यदि कुनै विद्यार्थीले आफ्ना आमाबाबुबाट दण्डित हुने डरले गृहकार्य गर्छ भने यो बाह्य प्रेरणाको प्रभाव हो । <ref>{{multiref|{{harvnb|Ryan|Deci|2000|pp=54–55}}|{{harvnb|Brehm|2014|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=1lYOAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA132 132]}}}}</ref> === सचेत र अचेत === ==उत्प्रेरणाका विशेषताहरु== #मनोबैज्ञानिक प्रक्रिया<br>उत्प्रेरणाको सम्बन्ध मानिसको आवश्यकता र चाहनाहरूसँग हुन्छ । यसले व्यवहारलाई मार्गदर्शन गर्छ । नियमित प्रक्रिया जटिल तथा भविष्यवाणी गर्न नसकिने सर्वव्यापी कार्य व्यवहारमा प्रभाव सम्पूर्ण व्यक्ति उत्प्रेरित सकारात्मक वा नकारात्मक लक्ष्योन्मुख -काम गर्ने वातावरणको निर्माण गर्छ -यो व्यक्ति अनुसार फरक प्रकृतिको हुन्छ ==उत्प्रेरणाको महत्त्व== * नाफा हुने कार्य गर्ने * उच्च उत्पादकत्व * परिवर्तनको स्वीकार * मानव संसाधनको प्रभावकारी उपयोग * कर्मचारी सन्तुष्टि * विवाद र हड्तालमा कमी * समन्वयको आधार * कर्मचारी स्थायित्व * निरीक्षण खर्चमा कमी * सङ्गठनात्मक लक्ष प्राप्ति ==उत्प्रेरणाको सिद्धान्तहरु== === आवश्यकता शृङ्खला सिद्धान्त === {{main|आवश्यकता शृङ्खला सिद्धान्त}} [[चित्र:आवश्यकता_शृंखला_सिद्धान्त.png|अङ्गुठाकार|अब्राहम मास्लोको आवश्यकता शृंखला सिद्धान्त]] [[अब्राहम मास्लो]] (१९५४) पाँच वर्गमा आवश्यकता शृङ्खला को अवधारणाको बिकास गरेका थिए । मास्लो को अनुसार , मानिसहरू पुरा नभएका आवश्यकताबात उत्प्रेरित हुन्छन् । आवश्यकताहरू, आधारभूत देखि अतिरिक्त आवश्यकता यस प्रकार छन् :<ref>{{cite web |title=The Content Theories of Motivation |url=https://sielearning.tafensw.edu.au/MBA/9791F/BusinessServices/LO/1207_020138_605F_02_wi/1207_020138_605F_0204_wi.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180315070455/https://sielearning.tafensw.edu.au/MBA/9791F/BusinessServices/LO/1207_020138_605F_02_wi/1207_020138_605F_0204_wi.htm |archive-date=2018-03-15 |access-date=2014-10-21 |work=module 9791F Leading Organisations |publisher=Technical and Further Education (TAFE) |location=New South Wales, Australia }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180315070455/https://sielearning.tafensw.edu.au/MBA/9791F/BusinessServices/LO/1207_020138_605F_02_wi/1207_020138_605F_0204_wi.htm |date=2018-03-15 }}</ref> * शारीरिक आवश्यकता : गास, बास कपास * सुरक्षा आवश्यकता : Safety/Security/Shelter/Health * सामाजिक आवश्यकता: Social/Love/Friendship * अहम आवश्यकता :[[Self-esteem]]/[[Recognition (sociology)|Recognition]]/Achievement * आत्म सन्तुष्टि आवश्यकता: [[Self-actualization]]/achievement of full [[potential]] [[चित्र:आवश्यकता_शृङ्खला_सिद्धान्त.png|alt=आवश्यकता शृङ्खला सिद्धान्त.png|thumb|आवश्यकता शृङ्खला|300x300px]] [[अब्राहम मास्लो]]को यो सिद्धान्त निम्नलिखित मान्यताहरूमा आधारित छ । # मानिसका आवश्यकता र उद्देश्य अनगिन्ती हुन्छन् । # आवश्यकताको शृङ्खला हुन्छ । # असन्तुष्ट आवश्यकताले कर्मचारीलाई उत्प्रेरित गर्छ । # मानिसले विकास र विस्तार चाहन्छ । === दुई तत्त्व सिद्धान्त === == कर्मचारी उत्प्रेरणाका तरिकाहरु == १. वित्तिय सुविधा २. सहभागिता ३. अधिकार प्रत्यायोजन ४. जागिरको स्थायित्व ५. कार्य समृद्धिकरण ६. कार्य आलोपालो ७. कार्य जीवनको गुण == सन्दर्भ == <references /> {{कमन्सश्रेणी|Motivation}} [[श्रेणी:व्यवस्थापन शब्दावली]] s7qodqiheumcee1y0qxdscr44oksce8 1365989 1365987 2026-07-14T07:30:04Z Bishaldev100 28807 1365989 wikitext text/x-wiki [[चित्र:1LT_Amber_English_wins_gold_in_skeet_at_2020_Summer_Olympic_Games1LT_Amber_English_wins_gold_in_skeet_at_2020_Summer_Olympic_Games_(51349368129).jpg|अङ्गुठाकार|काम गर्दा पाइने सम्मान , पुरस्कार तथा प्रशंसा उत्प्रेरणाको एक कारक हो । ]] '''उत्प्रेरणा'''को शाब्दिक अर्थ अग्रसर बनाउनु हो । सङ्गठनात्मक उद्देश्य हासिल गर्नका लागि [[सङ्गठन]]मा आबद्ध कर्मचारीहरूमा काम गर्ने तीव्र चाहना, इच्छा र जागरण अत्यावश्यक हुन्छ । तसर्थ उत्प्रेरणाले कर्मचारीको सङ्गठनात्मक कार्य गर्न बल प्रदान गर्छ ।<ref>व्यवस्थापनको सिद्धान्त : डा. सन्तोषराज पौड्याल , गोपालमान प्रधान, केदारप्रसाद भण्डारी २०७०</ref> उत्प्रेरणा मनोबैज्ञानिक मानवीय पक्ष हो । यो कर्मचारीलाई कामप्रति उत्सुकता जगाउने कार्य हो । ==व्यवस्थापन विज्ञहरूको परिभाषा== william G Scott उत्प्रेरणा भनेको लक्षित उद्देश्य प्राप्त गर्न मानिसहरूलाई काम गर्न उत्साहित गर्नु हो । Decenzo and Robbins उत्प्रेरणा उच्च मेहनत गर्ने इच्छा हो; जुन प्रयास व्यक्तिगत उद्देश्य प्राप्त गर्ने शर्तमा गरिन्छ । Dalton E. McFarland उत्प्रेरणाको धारणा विशेष गरी मनोबैज्ञानिक छ । यसले कर्मचारीहरूलाई निश्चित तरिकाले काम गर्न वा नगर्न तत्पर बनाउने सबै तत्वहरूसँग सम्बन्ध राख्छ । koontz and O'Donnell उत्प्रेरणा भनेको उत्साह, इच्छा, आवश्यकता तथा त्यस्तै अन्य तत्वहरु प्रदान गर्नु हो; जसले मानिसहरूलाई काम गर्न प्रेरित गर्छ । Dale S Beach उत्प्रेरणा लक्ष्य अथवा पुरस्कार प्राप्त गर्नका लागि शक्तिको विस्तार गर्ने तत्परता हो । == प्रकार == === आन्तरिक र बाह्य === [[चित्र:Muhammad_Intrinsic_vs_Extrinsic_Motivation.png|पाठ=Image of two boys playing soccer|अङ्गुठाकार|आन्तरिक प्रेरणा आन्तरिक कारकहरूबाट उत्पन्न हुन्छ, जस्तै गतिविधिको आनन्द लिने। बाह्य प्रेरणा बाह्य कारकहरूमा आधारित हुन्छ, जस्तै प्राप्त पुरस्कार लिने।]] आन्तरिक र बाह्य उत्प्रेरणा बीचको भिन्नता प्रेरणाको स्रोत वा उत्पत्तिमा आधारित हुन्छ। आन्तरिक प्रेरणा व्यक्ति भित्रबाट आउँछ, जो आनन्द, जिज्ञासाको भावनाबाट काममा संलग्न हुन्छ। यो तब हुन्छ जब मानिसहरूले आफ्नै लागि काम गर्छ। यो प्रभावकारी कारकहरूको कारणले हुन सक्छ, जब व्यक्ति व्यवहारमा संलग्न हुन्छ किनभने यो राम्रो लाग्छ, वा संज्ञानात्मक कारकहरू, जब उनीहरूले यसलाई राम्रो वा अर्थपूर्ण रूपमा हेर्छन्। <ref>{{multiref|{{harvnb|Silverthorne|2005|pp=[https://books.google.com/books?id=5DAQkVwgKBQC&pg=PA99 99–100]}}|{{harvnb|VandenBos|2015|p=560}}}}</ref> आन्तरिक प्रेरणाको उदाहरण एक व्यक्ति हो जसले खाजाको ब्रेकको समयमा बास्केटबल खेल्छ किनभने उनीहरूले यसको आनन्द लिन्छन्।<ref name="auto" /> बाह्य प्रेरणा बाह्य कारकहरूबाट उत्पन्न हुन्छ, जस्तै पुरस्कार, दण्ड, वा अरूबाट सम्मान। यो तब हुन्छ जब मानिसहरू गतिविधिमा संलग्न हुन्छन् किनभने जब मानिसहरू काममा भन्दा कामको प्रभाव वा परिणाममा रुचि राख्छन्, तब बाह्य उत्प्रेरणा प्रभावकारी हुन्छ।<ref>{{multiref|{{harvnb|Silverthorne|2005|pp=[https://books.google.com/books?id=5DAQkVwgKBQC&pg=PA99 99–100]}}|{{harvnb|VandenBos|2015|p=430}}}}</ref> उदाहरणका लागि, यदि कुनै विद्यार्थीले आफ्ना आमाबाबुबाट दण्डित हुने डरले गृहकार्य गर्छ भने यो बाह्य प्रेरणाको प्रभाव हो । <ref>{{multiref|{{harvnb|Ryan|Deci|2000|pp=54–55}}|{{harvnb|Brehm|2014|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=1lYOAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA132 132]}}}}</ref> === सचेत र अचेत === ==उत्प्रेरणाका विशेषताहरु== #मनोबैज्ञानिक प्रक्रिया<br>उत्प्रेरणाको सम्बन्ध मानिसको आवश्यकता र चाहनाहरूसँग हुन्छ । यसले व्यवहारलाई मार्गदर्शन गर्छ । नियमित प्रक्रिया जटिल तथा भविष्यवाणी गर्न नसकिने सर्वव्यापी कार्य व्यवहारमा प्रभाव सम्पूर्ण व्यक्ति उत्प्रेरित सकारात्मक वा नकारात्मक लक्ष्योन्मुख -काम गर्ने वातावरणको निर्माण गर्छ -यो व्यक्ति अनुसार फरक प्रकृतिको हुन्छ ==उत्प्रेरणाको महत्त्व== * नाफा हुने कार्य गर्ने * उच्च उत्पादकत्व * परिवर्तनको स्वीकार * मानव संसाधनको प्रभावकारी उपयोग * कर्मचारी सन्तुष्टि * विवाद र हड्तालमा कमी * समन्वयको आधार * कर्मचारी स्थायित्व * निरीक्षण खर्चमा कमी * सङ्गठनात्मक लक्ष प्राप्ति ==उत्प्रेरणाको सिद्धान्तहरु== === आवश्यकता शृङ्खला सिद्धान्त === {{main|आवश्यकता शृङ्खला सिद्धान्त}} [[चित्र:आवश्यकता_शृंखला_सिद्धान्त.png|अङ्गुठाकार|अब्राहम मास्लोको आवश्यकता शृंखला सिद्धान्त]] [[अब्राहम मास्लो]] (१९५४) पाँच वर्गमा आवश्यकता शृङ्खला को अवधारणाको बिकास गरेका थिए । मास्लो को अनुसार , मानिसहरू पुरा नभएका आवश्यकताबात उत्प्रेरित हुन्छन् । आवश्यकताहरू, आधारभूत देखि अतिरिक्त आवश्यकता यस प्रकार छन् :<ref>{{cite web |title=The Content Theories of Motivation |url=https://sielearning.tafensw.edu.au/MBA/9791F/BusinessServices/LO/1207_020138_605F_02_wi/1207_020138_605F_0204_wi.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180315070455/https://sielearning.tafensw.edu.au/MBA/9791F/BusinessServices/LO/1207_020138_605F_02_wi/1207_020138_605F_0204_wi.htm |archive-date=2018-03-15 |access-date=2014-10-21 |work=module 9791F Leading Organisations |publisher=Technical and Further Education (TAFE) |location=New South Wales, Australia }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180315070455/https://sielearning.tafensw.edu.au/MBA/9791F/BusinessServices/LO/1207_020138_605F_02_wi/1207_020138_605F_0204_wi.htm |date=2018-03-15 }}</ref> * शारीरिक आवश्यकता : गास, बास कपास * सुरक्षा आवश्यकता : Safety/Security/Shelter/Health * सामाजिक आवश्यकता: Social/Love/Friendship * अहम आवश्यकता :[[Self-esteem]]/[[Recognition (sociology)|Recognition]]/Achievement * आत्म सन्तुष्टि आवश्यकता: [[Self-actualization]]/achievement of full [[potential]] [[चित्र:आवश्यकता_शृङ्खला_सिद्धान्त.png|alt=आवश्यकता शृङ्खला सिद्धान्त.png|thumb|आवश्यकता शृङ्खला|300x300px]] [[अब्राहम मास्लो]]को यो सिद्धान्त निम्नलिखित मान्यताहरूमा आधारित छ । # मानिसका आवश्यकता र उद्देश्य अनगिन्ती हुन्छन् । # आवश्यकताको शृङ्खला हुन्छ । # असन्तुष्ट आवश्यकताले कर्मचारीलाई उत्प्रेरित गर्छ । # मानिसले विकास र विस्तार चाहन्छ । === दुई तत्त्व सिद्धान्त === == कर्मचारी उत्प्रेरणाका तरिकाहरु == १. वित्तिय सुविधा २. सहभागिता ३. अधिकार प्रत्यायोजन ४. जागिरको स्थायित्व ५. कार्य समृद्धिकरण ६. कार्य आलोपालो ७. कार्य जीवनको गुण == सन्दर्भ == <references /> {{कमन्सश्रेणी|Motivation}} [[श्रेणी:व्यवस्थापन शब्दावली]] f3rnlkdytgg93dcujrnv4pylkas1jap 1365991 1365989 2026-07-14T07:32:20Z Bishaldev100 28807 1365991 wikitext text/x-wiki [[चित्र:1LT_Amber_English_wins_gold_in_skeet_at_2020_Summer_Olympic_Games1LT_Amber_English_wins_gold_in_skeet_at_2020_Summer_Olympic_Games_(51349368129).jpg|अङ्गुठाकार|काम गर्दा पाइने सम्मान , पुरस्कार तथा प्रशंसा उत्प्रेरणाको एक कारक हो । ]] [[चित्र:Ketan_Patel_receiving_award_from_Dr._APJ_Abdul_Kalam_in_2011.jpg|अङ्गुठाकार|काम गर्दा पाइने सम्मान , पुरस्कार तथा प्रशंसा उत्प्रेरणाको एक कारक हो ।]] '''उत्प्रेरणा'''को शाब्दिक अर्थ अग्रसर बनाउनु हो । सङ्गठनात्मक उद्देश्य हासिल गर्नका लागि [[सङ्गठन]]मा आबद्ध कर्मचारीहरूमा काम गर्ने तीव्र चाहना, इच्छा र जागरण अत्यावश्यक हुन्छ । तसर्थ उत्प्रेरणाले कर्मचारीको सङ्गठनात्मक कार्य गर्न बल प्रदान गर्छ ।<ref>व्यवस्थापनको सिद्धान्त : डा. सन्तोषराज पौड्याल , गोपालमान प्रधान, केदारप्रसाद भण्डारी २०७०</ref> उत्प्रेरणा मनोबैज्ञानिक मानवीय पक्ष हो । यो कर्मचारीलाई कामप्रति उत्सुकता जगाउने कार्य हो । ==व्यवस्थापन विज्ञहरूको परिभाषा== william G Scott उत्प्रेरणा भनेको लक्षित उद्देश्य प्राप्त गर्न मानिसहरूलाई काम गर्न उत्साहित गर्नु हो । Decenzo and Robbins उत्प्रेरणा उच्च मेहनत गर्ने इच्छा हो; जुन प्रयास व्यक्तिगत उद्देश्य प्राप्त गर्ने शर्तमा गरिन्छ । Dalton E. McFarland उत्प्रेरणाको धारणा विशेष गरी मनोबैज्ञानिक छ । यसले कर्मचारीहरूलाई निश्चित तरिकाले काम गर्न वा नगर्न तत्पर बनाउने सबै तत्वहरूसँग सम्बन्ध राख्छ । koontz and O'Donnell उत्प्रेरणा भनेको उत्साह, इच्छा, आवश्यकता तथा त्यस्तै अन्य तत्वहरु प्रदान गर्नु हो; जसले मानिसहरूलाई काम गर्न प्रेरित गर्छ । Dale S Beach उत्प्रेरणा लक्ष्य अथवा पुरस्कार प्राप्त गर्नका लागि शक्तिको विस्तार गर्ने तत्परता हो । == प्रकार == === आन्तरिक र बाह्य === [[चित्र:Muhammad_Intrinsic_vs_Extrinsic_Motivation.png|पाठ=Image of two boys playing soccer|अङ्गुठाकार|आन्तरिक प्रेरणा आन्तरिक कारकहरूबाट उत्पन्न हुन्छ, जस्तै गतिविधिको आनन्द लिने। बाह्य प्रेरणा बाह्य कारकहरूमा आधारित हुन्छ, जस्तै प्राप्त पुरस्कार लिने।]] आन्तरिक र बाह्य उत्प्रेरणा बीचको भिन्नता प्रेरणाको स्रोत वा उत्पत्तिमा आधारित हुन्छ। आन्तरिक प्रेरणा व्यक्ति भित्रबाट आउँछ, जो आनन्द, जिज्ञासाको भावनाबाट काममा संलग्न हुन्छ। यो तब हुन्छ जब मानिसहरूले आफ्नै लागि काम गर्छ। यो प्रभावकारी कारकहरूको कारणले हुन सक्छ, जब व्यक्ति व्यवहारमा संलग्न हुन्छ किनभने यो राम्रो लाग्छ, वा संज्ञानात्मक कारकहरू, जब उनीहरूले यसलाई राम्रो वा अर्थपूर्ण रूपमा हेर्छन्। <ref>{{multiref|{{harvnb|Silverthorne|2005|pp=[https://books.google.com/books?id=5DAQkVwgKBQC&pg=PA99 99–100]}}|{{harvnb|VandenBos|2015|p=560}}}}</ref> आन्तरिक प्रेरणाको उदाहरण एक व्यक्ति हो जसले खाजाको ब्रेकको समयमा बास्केटबल खेल्छ किनभने उनीहरूले यसको आनन्द लिन्छन्।<ref name="auto" /> बाह्य प्रेरणा बाह्य कारकहरूबाट उत्पन्न हुन्छ, जस्तै पुरस्कार, दण्ड, वा अरूबाट सम्मान। यो तब हुन्छ जब मानिसहरू गतिविधिमा संलग्न हुन्छन् किनभने जब मानिसहरू काममा भन्दा कामको प्रभाव वा परिणाममा रुचि राख्छन्, तब बाह्य उत्प्रेरणा प्रभावकारी हुन्छ।<ref>{{multiref|{{harvnb|Silverthorne|2005|pp=[https://books.google.com/books?id=5DAQkVwgKBQC&pg=PA99 99–100]}}|{{harvnb|VandenBos|2015|p=430}}}}</ref> उदाहरणका लागि, यदि कुनै विद्यार्थीले आफ्ना आमाबाबुबाट दण्डित हुने डरले गृहकार्य गर्छ भने यो बाह्य प्रेरणाको प्रभाव हो । <ref>{{multiref|{{harvnb|Ryan|Deci|2000|pp=54–55}}|{{harvnb|Brehm|2014|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=1lYOAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA132 132]}}}}</ref> === सचेत र अचेत === ==उत्प्रेरणाका विशेषताहरु== #मनोबैज्ञानिक प्रक्रिया<br>उत्प्रेरणाको सम्बन्ध मानिसको आवश्यकता र चाहनाहरूसँग हुन्छ । यसले व्यवहारलाई मार्गदर्शन गर्छ । नियमित प्रक्रिया जटिल तथा भविष्यवाणी गर्न नसकिने सर्वव्यापी कार्य व्यवहारमा प्रभाव सम्पूर्ण व्यक्ति उत्प्रेरित सकारात्मक वा नकारात्मक लक्ष्योन्मुख -काम गर्ने वातावरणको निर्माण गर्छ -यो व्यक्ति अनुसार फरक प्रकृतिको हुन्छ ==उत्प्रेरणाको महत्त्व== * नाफा हुने कार्य गर्ने * उच्च उत्पादकत्व * परिवर्तनको स्वीकार * मानव संसाधनको प्रभावकारी उपयोग * कर्मचारी सन्तुष्टि * विवाद र हड्तालमा कमी * समन्वयको आधार * कर्मचारी स्थायित्व * निरीक्षण खर्चमा कमी * सङ्गठनात्मक लक्ष प्राप्ति ==उत्प्रेरणाको सिद्धान्तहरु== === आवश्यकता शृङ्खला सिद्धान्त === {{main|आवश्यकता शृङ्खला सिद्धान्त}} [[चित्र:आवश्यकता_शृंखला_सिद्धान्त.png|अङ्गुठाकार|अब्राहम मास्लोको आवश्यकता शृंखला सिद्धान्त]] [[अब्राहम मास्लो]] (१९५४) पाँच वर्गमा आवश्यकता शृङ्खला को अवधारणाको बिकास गरेका थिए । मास्लो को अनुसार , मानिसहरू पुरा नभएका आवश्यकताबात उत्प्रेरित हुन्छन् । आवश्यकताहरू, आधारभूत देखि अतिरिक्त आवश्यकता यस प्रकार छन् :<ref>{{cite web |title=The Content Theories of Motivation |url=https://sielearning.tafensw.edu.au/MBA/9791F/BusinessServices/LO/1207_020138_605F_02_wi/1207_020138_605F_0204_wi.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180315070455/https://sielearning.tafensw.edu.au/MBA/9791F/BusinessServices/LO/1207_020138_605F_02_wi/1207_020138_605F_0204_wi.htm |archive-date=2018-03-15 |access-date=2014-10-21 |work=module 9791F Leading Organisations |publisher=Technical and Further Education (TAFE) |location=New South Wales, Australia }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180315070455/https://sielearning.tafensw.edu.au/MBA/9791F/BusinessServices/LO/1207_020138_605F_02_wi/1207_020138_605F_0204_wi.htm |date=2018-03-15 }}</ref> * शारीरिक आवश्यकता : गास, बास कपास * सुरक्षा आवश्यकता : Safety/Security/Shelter/Health * सामाजिक आवश्यकता: Social/Love/Friendship * अहम आवश्यकता :[[Self-esteem]]/[[Recognition (sociology)|Recognition]]/Achievement * आत्म सन्तुष्टि आवश्यकता: [[Self-actualization]]/achievement of full [[potential]] [[चित्र:आवश्यकता_शृङ्खला_सिद्धान्त.png|alt=आवश्यकता शृङ्खला सिद्धान्त.png|thumb|आवश्यकता शृङ्खला|300x300px]] [[अब्राहम मास्लो]]को यो सिद्धान्त निम्नलिखित मान्यताहरूमा आधारित छ । # मानिसका आवश्यकता र उद्देश्य अनगिन्ती हुन्छन् । # आवश्यकताको शृङ्खला हुन्छ । # असन्तुष्ट आवश्यकताले कर्मचारीलाई उत्प्रेरित गर्छ । # मानिसले विकास र विस्तार चाहन्छ । === दुई तत्त्व सिद्धान्त === == कर्मचारी उत्प्रेरणाका तरिकाहरु == १. वित्तिय सुविधा २. सहभागिता ३. अधिकार प्रत्यायोजन ४. जागिरको स्थायित्व ५. कार्य समृद्धिकरण ६. कार्य आलोपालो ७. कार्य जीवनको गुण == सन्दर्भ == <references /> {{कमन्सश्रेणी|Motivation}} [[श्रेणी:व्यवस्थापन शब्दावली]] eajq9ou1ldjqni3ni5y535cpc3wr6zy 1365992 1365991 2026-07-14T07:33:23Z Bishaldev100 28807 /* व्यवस्थापन विज्ञहरूको परिभाषा */ 1365992 wikitext text/x-wiki [[चित्र:1LT_Amber_English_wins_gold_in_skeet_at_2020_Summer_Olympic_Games1LT_Amber_English_wins_gold_in_skeet_at_2020_Summer_Olympic_Games_(51349368129).jpg|अङ्गुठाकार|काम गर्दा पाइने सम्मान , पुरस्कार तथा प्रशंसा उत्प्रेरणाको एक कारक हो । ]] [[चित्र:Ketan_Patel_receiving_award_from_Dr._APJ_Abdul_Kalam_in_2011.jpg|अङ्गुठाकार|काम गर्दा पाइने सम्मान , पुरस्कार तथा प्रशंसा उत्प्रेरणाको एक कारक हो ।]] '''उत्प्रेरणा'''को शाब्दिक अर्थ अग्रसर बनाउनु हो । सङ्गठनात्मक उद्देश्य हासिल गर्नका लागि [[सङ्गठन]]मा आबद्ध कर्मचारीहरूमा काम गर्ने तीव्र चाहना, इच्छा र जागरण अत्यावश्यक हुन्छ । तसर्थ उत्प्रेरणाले कर्मचारीको सङ्गठनात्मक कार्य गर्न बल प्रदान गर्छ ।<ref>व्यवस्थापनको सिद्धान्त : डा. सन्तोषराज पौड्याल , गोपालमान प्रधान, केदारप्रसाद भण्डारी २०७०</ref> उत्प्रेरणा मनोबैज्ञानिक मानवीय पक्ष हो । यो कर्मचारीलाई कामप्रति उत्सुकता जगाउने कार्य हो । ==व्यवस्थापन विज्ञहरूको परिभाषा== william G Scott उत्प्रेरणा भनेको लक्षित उद्देश्य प्राप्त गर्न मानिसहरूलाई काम गर्न उत्साहित गर्नु हो। Decenzo and Robbins उत्प्रेरणा उच्च मेहनत गर्ने इच्छा हो; जुन प्रयास व्यक्तिगत उद्देश्य प्राप्त गर्ने शर्तमा गरिन्छ। Dalton E. McFarland उत्प्रेरणाको धारणा विशेष गरी मनोबैज्ञानिक छ । यसले कर्मचारीहरूलाई निश्चित तरिकाले काम गर्न वा नगर्न तत्पर बनाउने सबै तत्वहरूसँग सम्बन्ध राख्छ। koontz and O'Donnell उत्प्रेरणा भनेको उत्साह, इच्छा, आवश्यकता तथा त्यस्तै अन्य तत्वहरु प्रदान गर्नु हो; जसले मानिसहरूलाई काम गर्न प्रेरित गर्छ। Dale S Beach उत्प्रेरणा लक्ष्य अथवा पुरस्कार प्राप्त गर्नका लागि शक्तिको विस्तार गर्ने तत्परता हो। == प्रकार == === आन्तरिक र बाह्य === [[चित्र:Muhammad_Intrinsic_vs_Extrinsic_Motivation.png|पाठ=Image of two boys playing soccer|अङ्गुठाकार|आन्तरिक प्रेरणा आन्तरिक कारकहरूबाट उत्पन्न हुन्छ, जस्तै गतिविधिको आनन्द लिने। बाह्य प्रेरणा बाह्य कारकहरूमा आधारित हुन्छ, जस्तै प्राप्त पुरस्कार लिने।]] आन्तरिक र बाह्य उत्प्रेरणा बीचको भिन्नता प्रेरणाको स्रोत वा उत्पत्तिमा आधारित हुन्छ। आन्तरिक प्रेरणा व्यक्ति भित्रबाट आउँछ, जो आनन्द, जिज्ञासाको भावनाबाट काममा संलग्न हुन्छ। यो तब हुन्छ जब मानिसहरूले आफ्नै लागि काम गर्छ। यो प्रभावकारी कारकहरूको कारणले हुन सक्छ, जब व्यक्ति व्यवहारमा संलग्न हुन्छ किनभने यो राम्रो लाग्छ, वा संज्ञानात्मक कारकहरू, जब उनीहरूले यसलाई राम्रो वा अर्थपूर्ण रूपमा हेर्छन्। <ref>{{multiref|{{harvnb|Silverthorne|2005|pp=[https://books.google.com/books?id=5DAQkVwgKBQC&pg=PA99 99–100]}}|{{harvnb|VandenBos|2015|p=560}}}}</ref> आन्तरिक प्रेरणाको उदाहरण एक व्यक्ति हो जसले खाजाको ब्रेकको समयमा बास्केटबल खेल्छ किनभने उनीहरूले यसको आनन्द लिन्छन्।<ref name="auto" /> बाह्य प्रेरणा बाह्य कारकहरूबाट उत्पन्न हुन्छ, जस्तै पुरस्कार, दण्ड, वा अरूबाट सम्मान। यो तब हुन्छ जब मानिसहरू गतिविधिमा संलग्न हुन्छन् किनभने जब मानिसहरू काममा भन्दा कामको प्रभाव वा परिणाममा रुचि राख्छन्, तब बाह्य उत्प्रेरणा प्रभावकारी हुन्छ।<ref>{{multiref|{{harvnb|Silverthorne|2005|pp=[https://books.google.com/books?id=5DAQkVwgKBQC&pg=PA99 99–100]}}|{{harvnb|VandenBos|2015|p=430}}}}</ref> उदाहरणका लागि, यदि कुनै विद्यार्थीले आफ्ना आमाबाबुबाट दण्डित हुने डरले गृहकार्य गर्छ भने यो बाह्य प्रेरणाको प्रभाव हो । <ref>{{multiref|{{harvnb|Ryan|Deci|2000|pp=54–55}}|{{harvnb|Brehm|2014|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=1lYOAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA132 132]}}}}</ref> === सचेत र अचेत === ==उत्प्रेरणाका विशेषताहरु== #मनोबैज्ञानिक प्रक्रिया<br>उत्प्रेरणाको सम्बन्ध मानिसको आवश्यकता र चाहनाहरूसँग हुन्छ । यसले व्यवहारलाई मार्गदर्शन गर्छ । नियमित प्रक्रिया जटिल तथा भविष्यवाणी गर्न नसकिने सर्वव्यापी कार्य व्यवहारमा प्रभाव सम्पूर्ण व्यक्ति उत्प्रेरित सकारात्मक वा नकारात्मक लक्ष्योन्मुख -काम गर्ने वातावरणको निर्माण गर्छ -यो व्यक्ति अनुसार फरक प्रकृतिको हुन्छ ==उत्प्रेरणाको महत्त्व== * नाफा हुने कार्य गर्ने * उच्च उत्पादकत्व * परिवर्तनको स्वीकार * मानव संसाधनको प्रभावकारी उपयोग * कर्मचारी सन्तुष्टि * विवाद र हड्तालमा कमी * समन्वयको आधार * कर्मचारी स्थायित्व * निरीक्षण खर्चमा कमी * सङ्गठनात्मक लक्ष प्राप्ति ==उत्प्रेरणाको सिद्धान्तहरु== === आवश्यकता शृङ्खला सिद्धान्त === {{main|आवश्यकता शृङ्खला सिद्धान्त}} [[चित्र:आवश्यकता_शृंखला_सिद्धान्त.png|अङ्गुठाकार|अब्राहम मास्लोको आवश्यकता शृंखला सिद्धान्त]] [[अब्राहम मास्लो]] (१९५४) पाँच वर्गमा आवश्यकता शृङ्खला को अवधारणाको बिकास गरेका थिए । मास्लो को अनुसार , मानिसहरू पुरा नभएका आवश्यकताबात उत्प्रेरित हुन्छन् । आवश्यकताहरू, आधारभूत देखि अतिरिक्त आवश्यकता यस प्रकार छन् :<ref>{{cite web |title=The Content Theories of Motivation |url=https://sielearning.tafensw.edu.au/MBA/9791F/BusinessServices/LO/1207_020138_605F_02_wi/1207_020138_605F_0204_wi.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180315070455/https://sielearning.tafensw.edu.au/MBA/9791F/BusinessServices/LO/1207_020138_605F_02_wi/1207_020138_605F_0204_wi.htm |archive-date=2018-03-15 |access-date=2014-10-21 |work=module 9791F Leading Organisations |publisher=Technical and Further Education (TAFE) |location=New South Wales, Australia }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180315070455/https://sielearning.tafensw.edu.au/MBA/9791F/BusinessServices/LO/1207_020138_605F_02_wi/1207_020138_605F_0204_wi.htm |date=2018-03-15 }}</ref> * शारीरिक आवश्यकता : गास, बास कपास * सुरक्षा आवश्यकता : Safety/Security/Shelter/Health * सामाजिक आवश्यकता: Social/Love/Friendship * अहम आवश्यकता :[[Self-esteem]]/[[Recognition (sociology)|Recognition]]/Achievement * आत्म सन्तुष्टि आवश्यकता: [[Self-actualization]]/achievement of full [[potential]] [[चित्र:आवश्यकता_शृङ्खला_सिद्धान्त.png|alt=आवश्यकता शृङ्खला सिद्धान्त.png|thumb|आवश्यकता शृङ्खला|300x300px]] [[अब्राहम मास्लो]]को यो सिद्धान्त निम्नलिखित मान्यताहरूमा आधारित छ । # मानिसका आवश्यकता र उद्देश्य अनगिन्ती हुन्छन् । # आवश्यकताको शृङ्खला हुन्छ । # असन्तुष्ट आवश्यकताले कर्मचारीलाई उत्प्रेरित गर्छ । # मानिसले विकास र विस्तार चाहन्छ । === दुई तत्त्व सिद्धान्त === == कर्मचारी उत्प्रेरणाका तरिकाहरु == १. वित्तिय सुविधा २. सहभागिता ३. अधिकार प्रत्यायोजन ४. जागिरको स्थायित्व ५. कार्य समृद्धिकरण ६. कार्य आलोपालो ७. कार्य जीवनको गुण == सन्दर्भ == <references /> {{कमन्सश्रेणी|Motivation}} [[श्रेणी:व्यवस्थापन शब्दावली]] ryjb2zcw3qs0u1ii994gpnzzb06sbx7 1365993 1365992 2026-07-14T07:34:01Z Bishaldev100 28807 /* उत्प्रेरणाका विशेषताहरु */ 1365993 wikitext text/x-wiki [[चित्र:1LT_Amber_English_wins_gold_in_skeet_at_2020_Summer_Olympic_Games1LT_Amber_English_wins_gold_in_skeet_at_2020_Summer_Olympic_Games_(51349368129).jpg|अङ्गुठाकार|काम गर्दा पाइने सम्मान , पुरस्कार तथा प्रशंसा उत्प्रेरणाको एक कारक हो । ]] [[चित्र:Ketan_Patel_receiving_award_from_Dr._APJ_Abdul_Kalam_in_2011.jpg|अङ्गुठाकार|काम गर्दा पाइने सम्मान , पुरस्कार तथा प्रशंसा उत्प्रेरणाको एक कारक हो ।]] '''उत्प्रेरणा'''को शाब्दिक अर्थ अग्रसर बनाउनु हो । सङ्गठनात्मक उद्देश्य हासिल गर्नका लागि [[सङ्गठन]]मा आबद्ध कर्मचारीहरूमा काम गर्ने तीव्र चाहना, इच्छा र जागरण अत्यावश्यक हुन्छ । तसर्थ उत्प्रेरणाले कर्मचारीको सङ्गठनात्मक कार्य गर्न बल प्रदान गर्छ ।<ref>व्यवस्थापनको सिद्धान्त : डा. सन्तोषराज पौड्याल , गोपालमान प्रधान, केदारप्रसाद भण्डारी २०७०</ref> उत्प्रेरणा मनोबैज्ञानिक मानवीय पक्ष हो । यो कर्मचारीलाई कामप्रति उत्सुकता जगाउने कार्य हो । ==व्यवस्थापन विज्ञहरूको परिभाषा== william G Scott उत्प्रेरणा भनेको लक्षित उद्देश्य प्राप्त गर्न मानिसहरूलाई काम गर्न उत्साहित गर्नु हो। Decenzo and Robbins उत्प्रेरणा उच्च मेहनत गर्ने इच्छा हो; जुन प्रयास व्यक्तिगत उद्देश्य प्राप्त गर्ने शर्तमा गरिन्छ। Dalton E. McFarland उत्प्रेरणाको धारणा विशेष गरी मनोबैज्ञानिक छ । यसले कर्मचारीहरूलाई निश्चित तरिकाले काम गर्न वा नगर्न तत्पर बनाउने सबै तत्वहरूसँग सम्बन्ध राख्छ। koontz and O'Donnell उत्प्रेरणा भनेको उत्साह, इच्छा, आवश्यकता तथा त्यस्तै अन्य तत्वहरु प्रदान गर्नु हो; जसले मानिसहरूलाई काम गर्न प्रेरित गर्छ। Dale S Beach उत्प्रेरणा लक्ष्य अथवा पुरस्कार प्राप्त गर्नका लागि शक्तिको विस्तार गर्ने तत्परता हो। == प्रकार == === आन्तरिक र बाह्य === [[चित्र:Muhammad_Intrinsic_vs_Extrinsic_Motivation.png|पाठ=Image of two boys playing soccer|अङ्गुठाकार|आन्तरिक प्रेरणा आन्तरिक कारकहरूबाट उत्पन्न हुन्छ, जस्तै गतिविधिको आनन्द लिने। बाह्य प्रेरणा बाह्य कारकहरूमा आधारित हुन्छ, जस्तै प्राप्त पुरस्कार लिने।]] आन्तरिक र बाह्य उत्प्रेरणा बीचको भिन्नता प्रेरणाको स्रोत वा उत्पत्तिमा आधारित हुन्छ। आन्तरिक प्रेरणा व्यक्ति भित्रबाट आउँछ, जो आनन्द, जिज्ञासाको भावनाबाट काममा संलग्न हुन्छ। यो तब हुन्छ जब मानिसहरूले आफ्नै लागि काम गर्छ। यो प्रभावकारी कारकहरूको कारणले हुन सक्छ, जब व्यक्ति व्यवहारमा संलग्न हुन्छ किनभने यो राम्रो लाग्छ, वा संज्ञानात्मक कारकहरू, जब उनीहरूले यसलाई राम्रो वा अर्थपूर्ण रूपमा हेर्छन्। <ref>{{multiref|{{harvnb|Silverthorne|2005|pp=[https://books.google.com/books?id=5DAQkVwgKBQC&pg=PA99 99–100]}}|{{harvnb|VandenBos|2015|p=560}}}}</ref> आन्तरिक प्रेरणाको उदाहरण एक व्यक्ति हो जसले खाजाको ब्रेकको समयमा बास्केटबल खेल्छ किनभने उनीहरूले यसको आनन्द लिन्छन्।<ref name="auto" /> बाह्य प्रेरणा बाह्य कारकहरूबाट उत्पन्न हुन्छ, जस्तै पुरस्कार, दण्ड, वा अरूबाट सम्मान। यो तब हुन्छ जब मानिसहरू गतिविधिमा संलग्न हुन्छन् किनभने जब मानिसहरू काममा भन्दा कामको प्रभाव वा परिणाममा रुचि राख्छन्, तब बाह्य उत्प्रेरणा प्रभावकारी हुन्छ।<ref>{{multiref|{{harvnb|Silverthorne|2005|pp=[https://books.google.com/books?id=5DAQkVwgKBQC&pg=PA99 99–100]}}|{{harvnb|VandenBos|2015|p=430}}}}</ref> उदाहरणका लागि, यदि कुनै विद्यार्थीले आफ्ना आमाबाबुबाट दण्डित हुने डरले गृहकार्य गर्छ भने यो बाह्य प्रेरणाको प्रभाव हो । <ref>{{multiref|{{harvnb|Ryan|Deci|2000|pp=54–55}}|{{harvnb|Brehm|2014|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=1lYOAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA132 132]}}}}</ref> === सचेत र अचेत === ==उत्प्रेरणाका विशेषताहरु== * मनोबैज्ञानिक प्रक्रिया<br>उत्प्रेरणाको सम्बन्ध मानिसको आवश्यकता र चाहनाहरूसँग हुन्छ । यसले व्यवहारलाई मार्गदर्शन गर्छ । *नियमित प्रक्रिया *जटिल तथा भविष्यवाणी गर्न *नसकिने सर्वव्यापी कार्य *व्यवहारमा प्रभाव *सम्पूर्ण व्यक्ति उत्प्रेरित *सकारात्मक वा नकारात्मक *लक्ष्योन्मुख -काम गर्ने वातावरणको निर्माण गर्छ -यो व्यक्ति अनुसार फरक प्रकृतिको हुन्छ ==उत्प्रेरणाको महत्त्व== * नाफा हुने कार्य गर्ने * उच्च उत्पादकत्व * परिवर्तनको स्वीकार * मानव संसाधनको प्रभावकारी उपयोग * कर्मचारी सन्तुष्टि * विवाद र हड्तालमा कमी * समन्वयको आधार * कर्मचारी स्थायित्व * निरीक्षण खर्चमा कमी * सङ्गठनात्मक लक्ष प्राप्ति ==उत्प्रेरणाको सिद्धान्तहरु== === आवश्यकता शृङ्खला सिद्धान्त === {{main|आवश्यकता शृङ्खला सिद्धान्त}} [[चित्र:आवश्यकता_शृंखला_सिद्धान्त.png|अङ्गुठाकार|अब्राहम मास्लोको आवश्यकता शृंखला सिद्धान्त]] [[अब्राहम मास्लो]] (१९५४) पाँच वर्गमा आवश्यकता शृङ्खला को अवधारणाको बिकास गरेका थिए । मास्लो को अनुसार , मानिसहरू पुरा नभएका आवश्यकताबात उत्प्रेरित हुन्छन् । आवश्यकताहरू, आधारभूत देखि अतिरिक्त आवश्यकता यस प्रकार छन् :<ref>{{cite web |title=The Content Theories of Motivation |url=https://sielearning.tafensw.edu.au/MBA/9791F/BusinessServices/LO/1207_020138_605F_02_wi/1207_020138_605F_0204_wi.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180315070455/https://sielearning.tafensw.edu.au/MBA/9791F/BusinessServices/LO/1207_020138_605F_02_wi/1207_020138_605F_0204_wi.htm |archive-date=2018-03-15 |access-date=2014-10-21 |work=module 9791F Leading Organisations |publisher=Technical and Further Education (TAFE) |location=New South Wales, Australia }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180315070455/https://sielearning.tafensw.edu.au/MBA/9791F/BusinessServices/LO/1207_020138_605F_02_wi/1207_020138_605F_0204_wi.htm |date=2018-03-15 }}</ref> * शारीरिक आवश्यकता : गास, बास कपास * सुरक्षा आवश्यकता : Safety/Security/Shelter/Health * सामाजिक आवश्यकता: Social/Love/Friendship * अहम आवश्यकता :[[Self-esteem]]/[[Recognition (sociology)|Recognition]]/Achievement * आत्म सन्तुष्टि आवश्यकता: [[Self-actualization]]/achievement of full [[potential]] [[चित्र:आवश्यकता_शृङ्खला_सिद्धान्त.png|alt=आवश्यकता शृङ्खला सिद्धान्त.png|thumb|आवश्यकता शृङ्खला|300x300px]] [[अब्राहम मास्लो]]को यो सिद्धान्त निम्नलिखित मान्यताहरूमा आधारित छ । # मानिसका आवश्यकता र उद्देश्य अनगिन्ती हुन्छन् । # आवश्यकताको शृङ्खला हुन्छ । # असन्तुष्ट आवश्यकताले कर्मचारीलाई उत्प्रेरित गर्छ । # मानिसले विकास र विस्तार चाहन्छ । === दुई तत्त्व सिद्धान्त === == कर्मचारी उत्प्रेरणाका तरिकाहरु == १. वित्तिय सुविधा २. सहभागिता ३. अधिकार प्रत्यायोजन ४. जागिरको स्थायित्व ५. कार्य समृद्धिकरण ६. कार्य आलोपालो ७. कार्य जीवनको गुण == सन्दर्भ == <references /> {{कमन्सश्रेणी|Motivation}} [[श्रेणी:व्यवस्थापन शब्दावली]] kgxgd8w0ro51uscz6pefdwmw5jm6nby 0 99057 1366000 1361677 2026-07-14T08:13:39Z Bishaldev100 28807 /* विस्तार र उच्चतम अवस्था (१४५३-१५६६) */ 1366000 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox former country |common_name = अटोमन साम्राज्य |image_coat = Osmanli-nisani.svg |image_flag = Flag of the Ottoman Empire (1844–1922).svg |flag = Flags of the Ottoman Empire |flag_type = झण्डा (१८४४–१९२२) |symbol_type_article = Coat of arms of the Ottoman Empire |symbol_type = Coat of arms (1882 design) |image_map = OttomanEmpireMain.png |image_map2 = |image_map2_caption = |capital = [[इस्तानबुल]] |status = साम्राज्य |event_start = स्थापित |year_start = १२९९ |date_start = २७ जुलाई |event_end = पतन |year_end = १९२३ |date_end = २९ अक्टूबर |common_languages = |religion = |government_type = |title_leader = |leader1 = |year_leader1 = c. 1299–1323/4 }} '''अटोमन/उस्मानी साम्राज्य''' &nbsp;({{IPAc-en|ˈ|ɒ|t|ə|m|ə|n}}; {{lang-ota|دولت عليه عثمانيه}} ''{{transl|ota|Devlet-i ʿAlīye-i ʿO<u>s</u>mānīye}}'', literally "The Sublime Ottoman State"; [[:en:Modern Turkish|Modern Turkish]]: ''{{lang|tr|Osmanlı İmparatorluğu}}'' or ''{{lang|tr|Osmanlı Devleti}}''; {{lang-fr|Empire ottoman}})<!--French has affinity with the late Ottoman Empire from Tanzimat until 1923, see [[Languages of the Ottoman Empire]] // Also minority languages of Christians and Jews are footnoted under French as French was the common educated language among them, and foreigners (Turkish officials knew French too)-->{{#tag:ref|"Sublime Ottoman State" was not used in minority languages for Christians and Jews, nor in French,<ref name=StraussConstp36/> the common Western language among the educated in the late Ottoman Empire.<ref name=StraussConstp26/> [[Languages of the Ottoman Empire|Minority languages, which use the same name in French]]:<ref name=StraussConstp36/> * {{lang-hyw|Օսմանյան տերութիւն}} (''Osmanean Têrut´iwn'', meaning "Ottoman Authority/Governance/Rule"), Օսմանյան պետութիւն (''Osmanean Petut‘iwn'', meaning "Ottoman State"), and Օսմանյան կայսրություն (''Osmanean Kaysrut'', meaning "Ottoman Empire") * {{lang-bg|Османска империя}} (Otomanskata Imperiya), and Отоманска империя is an archaic version. Definite article forms: Османската империя and Османска империя were synonymous * {{lang-el|Оθωμανική Επικράτεια}} (Othōmanikē Epikrateia) and Оθωμανική Αυτοκρατορία (Othōmanikē Avtokratoria) * {{lang-lad|Imperio otomano}}|group=note}}<ref name="StraussConstp36">{{cite book|last=Strauss|first=Johann|chapter-url=https://menadoc.bibliothek.uni-halle.de/menalib/download/pdf/2734659?originalFilename=true|year=2010|chapter=A Constitution for a Multilingual Empire: Translations of the ''Kanun-ı Esasi'' and Other Official Texts into Minority Languages|editor=Herzog, Christoph|editor2=Malek Sharif|title=The First Ottoman Experiment in Democracy|publisher=[[Orient-Institut Istanbul]]|location=[[Wurzburg]]|pages=21–51|accessdate=|isbn=|issn=|oclc=}} ([http://menadoc.bibliothek.uni-halle.de/urn/urn:nbn:de:gbv:3:5-91645 info page on book] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190920231333/http://menadoc.bibliothek.uni-halle.de/urn/urn:nbn:de:gbv:3:5-91645|date=2019-09-20}} at [[Martin Luther University]]) // CITED: p. 36 (PDF p. 38/338).</ref> १४ र २० औ शताब्दि को सुरुवात सम्म [[:en:Southeastern Europe|दक्षिण पूर्वी युरोप,]][[:en:Western Asia|पश्चिम एसिया]] र [[:en:Northern Africa|उत्तरी अफ्रिका]] को अधिकांश भाग मा अधिकार र नियन्त्रण गर्ने राज्य र [[:en:Ottoman Caliphate|खिलाफत]] थियो। अटोमन साम्राज्य आजको [[टर्की]] केन्द्रमा रहेको साम्राज्य थियो । अटोमनको राजधानी [[इस्तानबुल]] थियो जसलाई पूर्वी रोमन शासन अवधि (३९५–१४५३)मा कन्स्ट्यानिपोल भनिन्थ्यो । यो साम्राज्य सन् १२९९ को वरपरदेखि १९२२ सम्म कायम रह्यो । [[पहिलो विश्वयुद्ध]]मा अटोमन साम्राज्य [[इङ्ल्यान्ड|बेलायत]] र उसका सहयोगीहरूबाट पराजित भएको थियो । [[पहिलो विश्वयुद्ध]]को समयमा अष्ट्रो हङ्गेरीको अटोमन साम्राज्य पतन हुँदा [[इङ्ल्यान्ड|बेलायत]], [[फ्रान्स]] आदिको जिम्मा जमानीमा रहेका पछि अटोमन साम्राज्यमा रहेका मुलुकहरू स्वतन्त्र भएका थिए । == इतिहास == === उदय (ई. १२९९-१४५३) === === विस्तार र उच्चतम अवस्था (१४५३-१५६६) === सुलेमानको शासनकालको अन्त्यसम्ममा, साम्राज्य लगभग {{Cvt|877888|mi2}} फैलिएको थियो, जुन तीन महादेशहरूमा विस्तार भएको थियो।<ref>{{Cite book|last=Ágoston|first=Gábor|title=Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire|date=2009|editor-last=Masters|editor-first=Bruce|chapter=Süleyman I}}</ref>{{rp|545}} === सुधार (१५६६-१८२७) === ==== विद्रोह (१५६६-१६८३) ==== ==== सैन्य पराजय ==== === पतन तथा आधुनिकीकरण (१८२८-१९०८) === === पराजय र विघटन (१९०८-१९२२) === ==== युवा तुर्क आन्दोलन ==== ==== प्रथम विश्व युद्ध ==== २९ अक्टोबर १९१४ मा रसियाको [[कृष्ण सागर]]मा अनपेक्षित हमला गरेर अटोमन साम्राज्य [[पहिलो विश्वयुद्ध|प्रथम विश्व युद्ध]]मा प्रवेश गर्यो। यो आक्रमण पछि रसियाका मित्र शक्ति, फ्रान्स र बेलायतले ओटोमन विरुद्ध [[युद्धको घोषणा]] गरे। युद्धको प्रारम्भिक समयमा अटोमनले धेरै लडाईहरूमा महत्त्वपूर्ण [[विजय]] हासिल गर्यो। ===== आर्मेनियाली नरसंहार ===== ===== अरब विद्रोह ===== ===== सेब्रिस सन्धि र टर्किस स्वतन्त्रताको संग्राम ===== ==यो पनि हेर्नुहोस्== {{ढाँचा:साम्राज्य}} ==बाह्य कडीहरू== ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{reflist}} {{कमन्सश्रेणी|Ottoman Empire}} [[श्रेणी:साम्राज्य]] [[श्रेणी:टर्कीको इतिहास]] [[श्रेणी:एसियाका भूतपूर्व साम्राज्यहरू]] [[श्रेणी:अफ्रिकाको पूर्व साम्राज्य]] [[श्रेणी:यूरोपको पूर्व साम्राज्य]] [[श्रेणी:यूरोपको इतिहास]] qjo386l1noelicxxudeen5hisbnui7a 0 105221 1365971 1365786 2026-07-14T06:24:01Z Bishaldev100 28807 1365971 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox legislation |short_title = राज्य रजौटा ऐन |legislature = राज्य रजौटा ऐन, २०१७ |image = |imagesize = |imagealt = |caption = |long_title = राज्य र राजा रजौटाका सम्बन्धमा समयानकुल व्यवस्था गर्न बनेको ऐन |citation = <ref>{{Cite web |last=Rajpatra |first=Nepal |date=2017 Chaitra 27 |title=राज्य रजौटा ऐन, २०१७ |url=http://rajpatra.dop.gov.np/welcome/book/?ref=2264 |access-date=2026-05-14 |website=rajpatra.dop.gov.np}}</ref> |enacted_by = |date_enacted = |date_passed = |enacted_by2 = |date_enacted2 = |date_passed2 = २०१७ जेठ |date_assented = |royal_assent =२०१७ चैत्र २७ |date_commenced = |bill = |bill_citation = |bill_date = |introduced_by =[[महेन्द्र वीरविक्रम शाह|राजा महेन्द्र]] |1st_reading = |2nd_reading = |3rd_reading = |committee_report = |bill2 = |bill_citation2 = |bill_date2 = |introduced_by2 = |1st_reading2 = |2nd_reading2 = |3rd_reading2 = |committee_report2 = |white_paper = |amendments = २०१९, २०२४, २०४४, २०६६ |repeals = |related_legislation = |summary = |keywords = |status = }} [[महेन्द्र वीरविक्रम शाह|श्री ५ महेन्द्र]]बाट वि.सं. २०१७ मा राज्य रजौटा ऐन, २०१७ लागू गरियो । राज्य रजौटा ऐन, २०१७ र राज्य अदालत उन्मूलन ऐन, २०१७ लागू भएपछि सबै राज्यहरू खारेज भएका थिए । यद्यपि राज्य रजौटा ऐनले [[सल्यान राज्य|सल्यान]], [[बझाङ राज्य|बझाङ]], जाजरकोट, मुस्ताङ, भिर्कोट, माल्नेटा, दर्ना गरी १७ रजौटालाई मान्यता दिएको थियो ।<ref>[http://rajpatra.dop.gov.np/welcome/download?ref=2264 राज्य रजौटा ऐन, २०१७]</ref> राजा महेन्द्रले आफ्नो ‘[[श्री ५]]’ को पुष्टि गर्न [[सल्यान राज्य|सल्यान]], [[जाजरकोट राज्य|जाजरकोट]], [[बझाङ राज्य|बझाङ]] [[मुस्ताङ राज्य|मुस्ताङ]] चार राजाको अस्तित्व कायमै राखेको तर्क पनि गरिन्छ।<ref>{{Cite web |last=के.सी. |first=शरद |date=१-१५ असोज २०६० {{!}} 18-30-Sep-1-2-Oct |title=हिमाल खबरपत्रिका {{!}} राजा बन्ने रहर |url=https://nepalihimal.com/ |access-date=2026-07-10 |website=nepalihimal.com |language=en-US}}</ref> राजा महेन्द्रबाट पहिलो जननिर्वाचित संसदमा २०१६ श्रावण ९ गतेका दिन सरकारको नीति तथा कार्यक्रम प्रस्तुत थियो, जसमा "विशेषज्ञहरूको राय सल्लाहसमेत प्राप्त गरी बिर्ता व्यवस्थाको उन्मूलन गर्ने मेरो सरकारको नीति भएकाले बिर्ता उन्मूलन विधेयक संसदको सामुन्ने प्रस्तुत गरिनेछ । राज्य रजौटा प्रथालाई उन्मूलन गर्ने विधेयक पनि संसदमा पेस हुनेछ" भनि उल्लेख भएको थियो। यो ऐन लागू भएपछि सबै राज्यहरू खारेज हुने भएपनि सल्यान, बझाङ, जाजरकोट, मुस्ताङ्ग, माल्नेटा, दर्ना, भीरकोट, बाजुरा, थलाहारी, गल्कोट, गुल्मी, गह्रौकोट, पर्वत, नुवाकोट, प्यूठान खुम्रिकोट, प्यूठान उदयपुर र दैलेख दुल्लु गरी १७ रजौटालाई भने मान्यता दिएको थियो । मान्यता दिइएका त्यस्ता १७ राजाहरूमध्ये सन्तान दरसन्तान उपाधि हस्तान्तरण हुने स्थायी हैसियतमा भने सल्यानी, बझङ्गी, जाजरकोटे र मुस्ताङ्गी गरी चार जनालाई मात्र राखियो । बाकी भने आफ्नो जीवनभर मात्र राजाको उपाधि पाउने वर्गमा पारिए । ==पृष्ठभुमि == चौतारिया बहादुर शाहको नायबीकालामा पश्चिम नेपालका राज्य रजौटाहरूलाई नेपाल राज्यमा मिलाएर राज्य विस्तारको कार्य गरिएको थियो।<ref name=":12">{{cite book|author=चित्तरञ्जन नेपाली|title=श्री ५ रणबहादुर शाह (व्यक्तित्व र शासन)|url=|publisher=|isbn=|pages=६|date=बि.सं २०२०}}</ref> [[जाजरकोट राज्य]]सँग [[पृथ्वीनारायण शाह]]को समयमै सन्धी भएकाले त्यहाँका राजा गजेन्द्र शाहसँग सन्धी नवीकरण गरियो। जाजरकोटले नेपाललाई वार्षिक रू. ७,००० र सैनिक सहयोग गर्ने शर्तमा आफ्नो समर्थक बनाएपछि [[भेरी नदी|भेरी नदि]] सम्म पुग्यो । वि.सं. १८४६ मा सरदार भक्ति थापा र कालु पाँडेले([[काजी]] [[कालु पाँडे|कालू पाँडे]] होइनन्) दैलेख माथी आक्रमण गर्दा त्यहाँका राजा भागे भने [[दुल्लु राज्य|दुल्लु]]का राजा उत्तम शाहले नेपालको अधिनता स्विकार गरी अमरसिंह थापाको साथ दिए। [[बझाङ राज्य|बझाङी राजा]]ले पनि नेपालको अधीनता स्वीकार गरी वार्षिक रु ५००/- सिर्तो रकम तिर्न मञ्जुर गरे । त्यसपछि [[अमरसिंह थापा]]को नेतृत्वको फौजले [[कर्णाली नदी|कर्णाली नदि]] तरेर [[अछाम जिल्ला|अछाम]] तथा [[डोटी राज्य]] माथी विजय गरेकाले नेपालको पश्चिमी सीमा [[महाकाली नदी]] सम्म पुग्यो। डोटी राज्यलाई नेपालमा मिलाउन ज्यादै कठिन भएको समयमा त्यसलाई पराजित गर्नका लागि बझाङी राजा समुद्रसिंह तथा प्रतिमान शाहीको ठूलो भूमिका रहेको छ।<ref name=":0">[[राजाराम सुवेदी]], ´हिस्ट्री अफ बझाङ´ (काठमाडौँ : २०४४)</ref> ===रजौटा राज्यहरूको सूची=== {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ !# !राज्य !नेपालमा मिलेको !रजौटा पद |- |1 |[[सल्यान राज्य|सल्यान]] |१८४७ मा सन्धी |पृथ्वीनारायण शाहको सम्धी, नेपालसँग आश्रित सन्धि गरेको। १८६३ मा [[रणबहादुर शाह]]को हत्या हुँदा सल्यानी रानी बिलासकुमारीले [[भीमसेन थापा]]लाई आरोप लगाउँदा १८६६ मा खारेज भएको थियो। भीमसेन थापाको पतन पछि १८९४ मा रजौटा राज्य थमौति भयो।<ref>{{Cite journal |last=मानन्धर|first=त्रिरत्न|title=सल्यानी राजा रणभीम शाहको पदच्युति|url=https://d1i1jdw69xsqx0.cloudfront.net/digitalhimalaya/collections/journals/contributions/pdf/CNAS_11_02_07.pdf|journal=CNAS|volume=11|issue=2|pages=90}}</ref> |- |2 |[[जाजरकोट राज्य|जाजरकोट]] |१८४३ मा नेपालमा मिलेको | |- |3 |[[बझाङ राज्य|बझाङ]] |१८४८ मा आश्रित सन्धि गरेको | |- |4 |[[मुस्ताङ राज्य|मुस्ताङ]] |१८४६ मा |जुम्ला नेपालमा मिलेपछि मुस्ताङ नेपालमा आयो र मुस्ताङलाई रजौटा पद थमौती भएको |- |5 |[[भीरकोट राज्य|भिरकोट]] |१८४२ मा नेपालमा मिलेको | |- |6 |दार्ना |१८४७ मा |राजा रुद्र शाहीले नेपालको आधिपत्य स्वीकार गरी नेपाललाई वार्षिक ५१/- सिर्तो तिर्ने गरी रजौटाको थमौती पाए। कुमाउ गढवाल युद्धमा दर्नाली राजा रुद्र शाहले गोर्खालाई पुर्‍याएको सहयोग वापत वि.सं. १८६८ को लालमोहरमा दर्नालाई पञ्चखतको अधिकार समेत रजौटा दिइएको थियो<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=हिमाल खबरपत्रिका {{!}} राजा बन्ने रहर |url=https://nepalihimal.com/ |access-date=2026-06-19 |website=nepalihimal.com |language=en-US}}</ref> |- |7 |[[बाजुरा राज्य|बाजुरा]] |१८४८ मा | |- |8 |थलाहारी |१८४८ मा | |- |9 |[[गलकोट राज्य|गलकोट]] |१८४२ मा |[[तेश्रो नेपाल तिब्बत युद्ध|तेस्रो नेपाल तिब्बत युद्ध]] (१९१२) मा नेपाल सरकारलाई गलकोटबाट सिपाही र हातहतियार सहयोग गरेका कारण उनले राज श्रीपेच, रजौटा उपाधि र रु तीन सयको नगद बिर्ता पाए।<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-08-27 |title=गलकोटको संक्षिप्त चिनारी – प्रा. डा. दिनबहादुर थापा |url=https://dinthapa.com.np/galkot/%e0%a4%97%e0%a4%b2%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%8b%e0%a4%9f%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%8b-%e0%a4%b8%e0%a4%82%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b7%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%aa%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%a4-%e0%a4%9a%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%a8%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b0%e0%a5%80/ |access-date=2026-05-05 |language=en-US}}</ref> |- |10 |गुल्मी |१८४३ मा पाल्पामा मिलेको |राजा रणबहादुर शाहले आफ्नो सालो सिद्धि प्रताप शाहलाई राजा बनाएको |- |11 |गर्‍हौकोट |१८४२ मा | |- |12 |[[दुल्लु राज्य|दुल्लु]] |१८४६ मा आश्रित सन्धि | |- |13 |[[मालनेटा]] |१८४६ मा |वि.सं. १९३०–३१ मा दाङ र ब्रिटिस भारतको सिमा विवाद हुँदा माल्नेटी राजाका वंशज सन्तवीर शाहले नेपालको पक्षबाट प्रमाण दिँदा [[सुरेन्द्र वीरविक्रम शाह|राजा सुरेन्द्र]] वि.सं. १९३७ मा ‘सन्तान दरसन्तानले भोग गर्न पाउने’ अधिकार लालमोहरमार्फत् थपिदिएका थिए ।<ref name=":1" /> |- |14 |[[प्युठान राज्य|प्युठान]] |१८४२ मा | |- |15 |[[पर्वत राज्य|पर्वत]] |१८४३ मा |१८९४ मा राजा राजेन्द्रबाट विजयबमलाई केही गाउँ मानाचामलमा दिइयो ।<ref>{{Cite journal |last=मल्ल |first=मोहनबहादुर |title=पर्वतको इतिहास |url=https://d1i1jdw69xsqx0.cloudfront.net/digitalhimalaya/collections/journals/ancientnepal/pdf/ancient_nepal_16_06.pdf |journal=Ancient Nepal |volume=16 |issue=06 |pages=42-53}}</ref> |- |16 |[[खुम्री राज्य]] |१८४३ मा |खुम्रेल राजा सुकै सेनले नेपालको शरणमा पर्दा विना युद्ध रजौटा थामिई नेपालमा सम्मिलित भएको |} [[नेपालको एकीकरण|नेपाल एकीकरण]]मा सहयोग गरेको हुनाले विदेश सम्बन्ध, सैन्य मामिला बाहेक राज्य भित्रको मालपोत, प्रशासन र न्याय हेर्ने अख्तियार सहित राजा रजौटा अधिकार कायम गरिएको थियो। उनीहरूको विवाह राजपरिवार, राणाखलकसँग हुन्थ्यो । २०१७ अगाडिसम्म [[नेपालको मर्यादाक्रम|मर्यादाक्रम]]मा उनीहरूको स्थान २४ नं मा थियो।<ref>{{Cite news|title=सरकारबाट निर्णय भएको मर्यादाक्रम|last=थापा|first=चन्द्रबहादुर|date=२०१३ जेठ २९|work=नेपाल गजेट}}</ref> राज्य रजौटा उन्मूलनको थालनी डा. [[कुँवर इन्द्रजीत सिंह|के.आई. सिंह]]को सरकार पालामा भएको थियो। प्रधानमन्त्री सिंहले २०१४ कात्तिक १२ गते गलकोट र गरुनकोट राज्यको माल–अदालत बागलुङ र स्याङ्जामा गाभेका थिए (गोरखापत्र २०१४ कात्तिक १४)। ===आम निर्वाचन २०१५=== [[आम निर्वाचन २०१५|२०१५ को आमनिर्वाचन]]को घोषणापत्रमा [[नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस|नेपाली कांग्रेस]]ले जंगल संरक्षण, बिर्ताको राष्ट्रियकरण, रजौटा र जमिनदारी प्रथा अन्त्य, हदबन्दी बढी जमिनको पुनर्वितरणलाई एजेन्डा बनाएको थियो । त्यस्तै [[नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी]]ले नेपाली मुद्रा प्रचलनमा ल्याइने तथा यातायात र सञ्चार क्षेत्रको विकास नेकपाको कृषि नीतिमा ‘राज्य रजौटा र बिर्ता प्रथा उन्मूलन’ गरिने उल्लेख थियो ।<ref>{{Cite web |title=चुनावी घोषणापत्र: तत्कालीन नेपालको ऐना देखाउने २०१५ का घोषणापत्र |url=https://ekantipur.com/koseli/2026/01/31/the-2015-manifesto-shows-the-mirror-of-the-then-nepal-49-18.html |access-date=2026-05-15 |website=Ekantipur |language=ne}}</ref> ==प्रतिक्रिया == ===बझाङ काण्ड=== बझाङी युवराज ओमजंगबहादुर सिंहले इलाका अदालतको विरोध गरेका थिए । राज्य अदालत कायमै राख्नुपर्ने उनको माग थियो । इलाका अदालत गठन पछि बझाङमा न्यायाधीश उत्तमकुमार पोखरेल आएका थिए । तर बझाङ पुगेका न्यायाधीश पोखरेललाई ओमजंगबहादुरले असहयोग गरेका थिए । ओमजंगले राज्य अदालतका कागजात न्यायाधीश पोखरेललाई नबुझाई बझाङ, झुटेडाको ज्यान मुद्दामा सिंह आफैँले फैसला गरेका थिए । ==यो पनि हेर्नुहोस्== * [[सल्यान राज्य]] * [[बझाङ राज्य]] * [[पर्वत राज्य]] ==सन्दर्भ== {{reflist}} [[श्रेणी:नेपालका ऐन तथा कानुनहरू]] o05h54n3eaolu24dcjradgimvescx3s 0 108417 1365943 964837 2026-07-14T04:45:38Z Bishaldev100 28807 1365943 wikitext text/x-wiki '''स्टोभ''' एक बन्द स्थान हो जहाँ [[ताप]] प्राप्त गर्न [[इन्धन|ईन्धन]] जलाइन्छ र यसमा वस्तुहरू राखिन्छ । ==ग्यालरी== <gallery> Schloss Wolfshagen Gartensaal Ofen.jpg Pentagonal self cleaning wood stove.jpg Fouday-Poêle.jpg Catherine Palace heater.jpg </gallery> [[श्रेणी:भाँडाकुँडा]] jozsgotukzlro3wda8j3yfnh5e3lmwg 0 112807 1365974 1265839 2026-07-14T06:43:49Z Bishaldev100 28807 1365974 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | honorific-prefix = [[सम्माननीय]] | name = जेसिन्डा अर्डर्न | honorific-suffix = {{post-nominals|country=NZL|MP|size=100%}} | image = Jacinda Ardern November 2020 (cropped).jpg | alt = Smiling woman with dark hair | caption = Ardern in 2020 | office = न्युजिल्यान्डको ४० औँ प्रधानमन्त्री | monarch = {{Plainlist| * [[एलिजाबेथ द्वितीय]] * [[चार्ल्स तृतीय]] }} | 1blankname = {{nowrap|गभर्नर जनरल}}<!-- Done to prevent line break. --> | 1namedata = [[Patsy Reddy]] | deputy1 = [[Winston Peters]] | term_start = २६ अक्टोबर २०१७ | term_end =२५ जनवरी २०२३ | predecessor1 = बिल इङ्लिस | successor1 = | office2 = १७ औं न्युजिल्यान्ड लेबर पार्टीको नेता | deputy2 = [[Kelvin Davis (politician)|Kelvin Davis]] | term_start2 = १ अगस्ट २०१७ | term_end2 = | predecessor2 = [[Andrew Little (New Zealand politician)|Andrew Little]] | successor2 = | office3 = ३६औं [[Leader of the Opposition (New Zealand)|Leader of the Opposition]] | deputy3 = [[Kelvin Davis (politician)|Kelvin Davis]] | term_start3 = १ अगस्त २०१७ | term_end3 = २६ अक्टोबर २०१७ | predecessor3 = [[Andrew Little (New Zealand politician)|Andrew Little]] | successor3 = [[Bill English]] }} '''जेसिन्डा केट लरेल अर्डर्न'''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parliament.nz/en-NZ/PB/Debates/Debates/5/c/4/49HansD_20081208_00000010-Members-Sworn.htm|title=New Zealand Hansard – Members Sworn|page=2, volume 651|publisher=[[New Zealand Parliament]]|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130223070945/http://www.parliament.nz/en-NZ/PB/Debates/Debates/5/c/4/49HansD_20081208_00000010-Members-Sworn.htm|archivedate=23 February 2013}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130223070945/http://www.parliament.nz/en-NZ/PB/Debates/Debates/5/c/4/49HansD_20081208_00000010-Members-Sworn.htm |date=23 February 2013 }}</ref> ({{IPAc-en|dʒ|ə|ˈ|s|ɪ|n|d|ə|_|ˈ|ɑːr|d|ɜːr|n}};<ref name="Pronunciation">{{cite web|url=http://www.stuff.co.nz/national/politics/98121814/australian-journalist-surprised-by-jacinda-arderns-accessibility|title=Australian journalist surprised by Jacinda Ardern's accessibility|website=Stuff|accessdate=21 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171022040125/https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/politics/98121814/australian-journalist-surprised-by-jacinda-arderns-accessibility|archive-date=22 October 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> जन्म २६ जुलाई १९८०) [[न्युजिल्यान्ड]] का राजनीतिज्ञ हुन् जसले न्युजील्याण्डको ४० औँ प्रधानमन्त्रीको र लेबर पार्टीको नेताको रूपमा सन् २०१७ बाट कार्यभार सम्हालेका छिन्। अर्डर्न सरकारले विशेषगरी न्युजिल्यान्डको हाउजिङ समस्या, बाल गरिबी, र सामाजिक असमानतामा केन्द्रित गर्यो। मार्च २०१९ मा, उनले [[क्राइस्टचर्च मस्जिद आक्रमण]]पछि प्रतिक्रिया स्वरुप कडा बन्दुक सम्बन्धी नियम ल्याइन्। न्युजिल्यान्डमा कोभिड-१९ को कुशलतापूर्वक सम्हालेकाले उनको प्रशंसा भएको छ। अर्डर्न आफुलाई एक सामाजिक प्रजातन्त्रवादी र प्रगतिशील बताउछिन् ।<ref name="Murphy">{{cite news|last1=Murphy|first1=Tim|title=What Jacinda Ardern wants|url=https://www.newsroom.co.nz/2017/07/31/40717/what-jacinda-wants|accessdate=15 August 2017|publisher=[[Newsroom (website)|Newsroom]]|date=1 August 2017|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170816062218/https://www.newsroom.co.nz/2017/07/31/40717/what-jacinda-wants|archivedate=16 August 2017}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{cite news|title=Live: Jacinda Ardern answers NZ's questions|url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/politics/95407204/live-ask-jacinda-ardern-anything|work=Stuff|date=3 August 2017|access-date=11 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190322065814/https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/politics/95407204/live-ask-jacinda-ardern-anything|archive-date=22 March 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> प्रधानमन्त्रीको रूपमा उनको नियुक्ति को समयमा, उनी सबैभन्दा कम उमेरको महिला प्रधानमन्त्री भएकी थिइन् । त्यतिबेला उनको उमेर ३७ वर्ष थियो।<ref name="veconomist">{{cite news|url=https://www.economist.com/news/asia/21730740-jacinda-ardern-has-hard-job-ahead-her-worlds-youngest-female-leader-takes-over-new|title=The world's youngest female leader takes over in New Zealand|date=26 October 2017|work=[[The Economist]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171026185627/https://www.economist.com/news/asia/21730740-jacinda-ardern-has-hard-job-ahead-her-worlds-youngest-female-leader-takes-over-new|archivedate=26 October 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> २१ जुन २०१८ मा उनको छोरीको जन्म भएपछि, अर्डर्न पदमा रहंदा बच्चालाई जन्म दिने विश्वको दोश्रो सरकार प्रमुख ([[बेनजीर भुट्टो|बेनजिर भुट्टो]] पछि) बनिन्।<ref name=":12">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-44568537|title=Ardern and Bhutto: Two different pregnancies in power|last=Khan|first=M Ilyas|date=21 June 2018|work=BBC News|access-date=22 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180622012924/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-44568537|archive-date=22 June 2018|quote=Now that New Zealand's Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern has hit world headlines by becoming only the second elected head of government to give birth in office, attention has naturally been drawn to the first such leader – Pakistan's late two-time Prime Minister [[Benazir Bhutto]].|url-status=live}}</ref> ==प्रारम्भिक जीवन र शिक्षा== ==प्रारम्भिक राजनैतिक वृत्ती== ===संसद सदस्य=== ===प्रतिपक्षी नेता=== ==न्युजिल्यान्डका प्रधानमन्त्री == ===आन्तरिक मामिला=== ===विदेश मामिला=== [[File:Jacinda Ardern and Donald Trump 2019.jpg|thumb|अर्डर्न र अमेरिकी राष्ट्रपति [[डोनाल्ड ट्रम्प]], २३ सेप्टेम्बर २०१९]] [[File:Moon, Duterte, Ardern and Aung San Suu Kyi at 14th East Asia Summit.jpg|thumb|(L–R:) दक्षिण कोरियाली राष्ट्रपति [[मून जे-इन|मुन जे इन]], फिलिपिनी राष्ट्रपति [[रोड्रिगो दुतेर्ते|रेड्रिगो डुतेर्ते]], अर्डर्न र म्यानमारको राज्य सल्लाहकार [[आङ साङ शुचि]], १४ औ पूर्वी एसिया शिखर सम्मेलनमा, थाइल्यान्ड , ४ नोबेम्बर २०१९]] ५ नोबेम्बर २०१७ मा, अर्डर्नले अष्ट्रेलियामा उनको पहिलो औपचारिक विदेश यात्रा गरिन्। उनले अष्ट्रेलियाली प्रधानमन्त्री [[म्याल्कम टर्नबुल]] सँग पहिलो पटक भेटवार्ता गरे। अष्ट्रेलियामा बसोबास गर्ने न्युजिल्यान्डका नागरिक प्रती गरिने अष्ट्रेलियाको व्यवहारको कारणले दुई देशको सम्बन्धमा तिक्तता आएको थियो। पदभार ग्रहण गर्नु अघि उनले यो अवस्था सुधार्ने र अष्ट्रेलियाली सरकार सँग काम गर्ने सम्बन्ध अझै सुमधुर बनाउने बताएकी थिइन्। ===क्राइस्टचर्च मस्जिद आक्रमण=== ===कोरोनाभाइरस विश्वमारी=== ==राजनैतिक विचार== [[File:Safeguarding Our Planet at the Annual Meeting 2019 (45933058755).jpg|thumb|upright|left| विश्व आर्थी मञ्च को "हाम्रो ग्रहको रक्षा" सत्रमा बोल्दै अर्डर्न , २२ जनवरी २०१९, डाभोस]] अर्डर्न आफूलाई [[सामाजिक प्रजातन्त्रवादी]],<ref name="Murphy"/> प्रगतिशील,<ref name="auto"/> गणतन्त्रवादी<ref name="Lagan">{{cite web|last1=Lagan|first1=Bernard|title=Jacinda Ardern, New Zealand's contender for PM, says: let’s lose the Queen|url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/edition/news/jacinda-ardern-new-zealand-s-contender-for-pm-says-let-s-lose-the-queen-vszx3q88c|work=[[The Times]]|accessdate=8 September 2017|date=7 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908023157/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/edition/news/jacinda-ardern-new-zealand-s-contender-for-pm-says-let-s-lose-the-queen-vszx3q88c|archive-date=8 September 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> र [[नारीवाद|महिलावादी]]को रूपमा बताउछिन्।<ref>{{cite web|last1=Ardern|first1=Jacinda|title=Jacinda Ardern: I am a feminist|url=https://www.villainesse.com/girl-power/jacinda-ardern-i-am-feminist|work=Villainesse|accessdate=15 August 2017|date=20 May 2015|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170816061327/https://www.villainesse.com/girl-power/jacinda-ardern-i-am-feminist|archivedate=16 August 2017}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170816061327/https://www.villainesse.com/girl-power/jacinda-ardern-i-am-feminist |date=16 August 2017 }}</ref> उनले हेलेन क्लार्कलाई आफ्नो नमुना व्यक्ती र राजनैतिक नायक मानेका छन्,<ref name="Murphy"/><ref>{{cite news|title=Ardern confirmed as new Labour leader|url=https://www.odt.co.nz/news/politics/ardern-confirmed-new-labour-leader|accessdate=15 August 2017|work=Otago Daily Times|date=1 August 2017|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170816064355/https://www.odt.co.nz/news/politics/ardern-confirmed-new-labour-leader|archivedate=16 August 2017}}</ref> र उनले बाल गरिबी र न्युजिल्यान्डमा बेघरबारहरू बढेकाले [[पूँजीवाद]] "जबरजस्त असफल भएको" व्याख्या गरेकी थिइन्।<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.newshub.co.nz/home/election/2017/10/homelessness-proves-capitalism-is-a-blatant-failure-jacinda-ardern.html |title=Homelessness proves capitalism is a 'blatant failure' – Jacinda Ardern |work=Newshub |last1=Satherley |first1=Dan |last2=Owen |first2=Lisa |date=21 October 2017 |accessdate=24 October 2017 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171024095816/http://www.newshub.co.nz/home/election/2017/10/homelessness-proves-capitalism-is-a-blatant-failure-jacinda-ardern.html |archivedate=24 October 2017 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171024095816/http://www.newshub.co.nz/home/election/2017/10/homelessness-proves-capitalism-is-a-blatant-failure-jacinda-ardern.html |date=24 October 2017 }}</ref> अर्डर्नले न्युजिल्यान्डमा आप्रवासनको कम दरको पक्षमा वकलत गर्छिन् र २०,०००-३०,००० मा सिमित गर्न सुझाव दिइन्। उनले यसलाई "पुर्वाधार मुद्दा" बताउदै उनले "जनसङ्ख्य वृद्धिको बारेमा हाम्रो पुग्दो योजना नभएको " बताएकी थिइन्। <ref>{{cite web|title=Video: Ardern committed to cutting immigration numbers|url=http://www.radionz.co.nz/news/political/337191/video-ardern-committed-to-cutting-immigration-numbers|website=Radio New Zealand|accessdate=15 August 2017|date=15 August 2017|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170816063755/http://www.radionz.co.nz/news/political/337191/video-ardern-committed-to-cutting-immigration-numbers|archivedate=16 August 2017}}</ref> यद्यपि, उनी ग्रहण गरिने शरणार्थीको सङ्ख्या बढाउने पक्षमा छिन्।<ref>{{cite news|title=Labour's new leader shakes up New Zealand's election|url=https://www.economist.com/news/asia/21729013-she-wants-cut-immigration-admit-more-refugees-labours-new-leader-shakes-up-new-zealands|work=[[The Economist]]|date=14 September 2017|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170915072118/https://www.economist.com/news/asia/21729013-she-wants-cut-immigration-admit-more-refugees-labours-new-leader-shakes-up-new-zealands|archivedate=15 September 2017}}</ref> ==सम्मान== ==व्यक्तिगत जीवन== ==यो पनि हेर्नुहोस्== ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{reflist}} [[श्रेणी:न्युजिल्यान्डका प्रधानमन्त्रीहरू]] [[श्रेणी:महिला प्रधानमन्त्रीहरू]] [[श्रेणी:न्युजिल्यान्डको बन्दुक राजनीति]] [[श्रेणी:सन् १९८० मा जन्म]] iyt8ar7ssgoygubf14xs09x258wa28h 1365975 1365974 2026-07-14T06:44:32Z Bishaldev100 28807 1365975 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | honorific-prefix = [[सम्माननीय]] | name = जेसिन्डा अर्डर्न | honorific-suffix = {{post-nominals|country=NZL|MP|size=100%}} | image = Jacinda Ardern November 2020 (cropped).jpg | alt = Smiling woman with dark hair | caption = Ardern in 2020 | office = न्युजिल्यान्डको ४० औँ प्रधानमन्त्री | monarch = {{Plainlist| * [[एलिजाबेथ द्वितीय]] * [[चार्ल्स तृतीय]] }} | 1blankname = {{nowrap|गभर्नर जनरल}}<!-- Done to prevent line break. --> | 1namedata = [[Patsy Reddy]] | deputy1 = [[Winston Peters]] | term_start = २६ अक्टोबर २०१७ | term_end =२५ जनवरी २०२३ | predecessor1 = बिल इङ्लिस | successor1 = | office2 = १७ औं न्युजिल्यान्ड लेबर पार्टीको नेता | deputy2 = [[Kelvin Davis (politician)|Kelvin Davis]] | term_start2 = १ अगस्ट २०१७ | term_end2 = | predecessor2 = [[Andrew Little (New Zealand politician)|Andrew Little]] | successor2 = | office3 = ३६औं [[Leader of the Opposition (New Zealand)|Leader of the Opposition]] | deputy3 = [[Kelvin Davis (politician)|Kelvin Davis]] | term_start3 = १ अगस्त २०१७ | term_end3 = २६ अक्टोबर २०१७ | predecessor3 = [[Andrew Little (New Zealand politician)|Andrew Little]] | successor3 = [[Bill English]] }} '''जेसिन्डा केट लरेल अर्डर्न'''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parliament.nz/en-NZ/PB/Debates/Debates/5/c/4/49HansD_20081208_00000010-Members-Sworn.htm|title=New Zealand Hansard – Members Sworn|page=2, volume 651|publisher=[[New Zealand Parliament]]|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130223070945/http://www.parliament.nz/en-NZ/PB/Debates/Debates/5/c/4/49HansD_20081208_00000010-Members-Sworn.htm|archivedate=23 February 2013}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130223070945/http://www.parliament.nz/en-NZ/PB/Debates/Debates/5/c/4/49HansD_20081208_00000010-Members-Sworn.htm |date=23 February 2013 }}</ref> ({{IPAc-en|dʒ|ə|ˈ|s|ɪ|n|d|ə|_|ˈ|ɑːr|d|ɜːr|n}};<ref name="Pronunciation">{{cite web|url=http://www.stuff.co.nz/national/politics/98121814/australian-journalist-surprised-by-jacinda-arderns-accessibility|title=Australian journalist surprised by Jacinda Ardern's accessibility|website=Stuff|accessdate=21 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171022040125/https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/politics/98121814/australian-journalist-surprised-by-jacinda-arderns-accessibility|archive-date=22 October 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> जन्म २६ जुलाई १९८०) [[न्युजिल्यान्ड]] का राजनीतिज्ञ हुन् जसले न्युजील्याण्डको ४० औँ प्रधानमन्त्रीको र लेबर पार्टीको नेताको रूपमा सन् २०१७ -२०२३ कार्यभार सम्हालेका छिन्। अर्डर्न सरकारले विशेषगरी न्युजिल्यान्डको हाउजिङ समस्या, बाल गरिबी, र सामाजिक असमानतामा केन्द्रित गर्यो। मार्च २०१९ मा, उनले [[क्राइस्टचर्च मस्जिद आक्रमण]]पछि प्रतिक्रिया स्वरुप कडा बन्दुक सम्बन्धी नियम ल्याइन्। न्युजिल्यान्डमा कोभिड-१९ को कुशलतापूर्वक सम्हालेकाले उनको प्रशंसा भएको छ। अर्डर्न आफुलाई एक सामाजिक प्रजातन्त्रवादी र प्रगतिशील बताउछिन् ।<ref name="Murphy">{{cite news|last1=Murphy|first1=Tim|title=What Jacinda Ardern wants|url=https://www.newsroom.co.nz/2017/07/31/40717/what-jacinda-wants|accessdate=15 August 2017|publisher=[[Newsroom (website)|Newsroom]]|date=1 August 2017|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170816062218/https://www.newsroom.co.nz/2017/07/31/40717/what-jacinda-wants|archivedate=16 August 2017}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{cite news|title=Live: Jacinda Ardern answers NZ's questions|url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/politics/95407204/live-ask-jacinda-ardern-anything|work=Stuff|date=3 August 2017|access-date=11 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190322065814/https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/politics/95407204/live-ask-jacinda-ardern-anything|archive-date=22 March 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> प्रधानमन्त्रीको रूपमा उनको नियुक्ति को समयमा, उनी सबैभन्दा कम उमेरको महिला प्रधानमन्त्री भएकी थिइन् । त्यतिबेला उनको उमेर ३७ वर्ष थियो।<ref name="veconomist">{{cite news|url=https://www.economist.com/news/asia/21730740-jacinda-ardern-has-hard-job-ahead-her-worlds-youngest-female-leader-takes-over-new|title=The world's youngest female leader takes over in New Zealand|date=26 October 2017|work=[[The Economist]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171026185627/https://www.economist.com/news/asia/21730740-jacinda-ardern-has-hard-job-ahead-her-worlds-youngest-female-leader-takes-over-new|archivedate=26 October 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> २१ जुन २०१८ मा उनको छोरीको जन्म भएपछि, अर्डर्न पदमा रहंदा बच्चालाई जन्म दिने विश्वको दोश्रो सरकार प्रमुख ([[बेनजीर भुट्टो|बेनजिर भुट्टो]] पछि) बनिन्।<ref name=":12">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-44568537|title=Ardern and Bhutto: Two different pregnancies in power|last=Khan|first=M Ilyas|date=21 June 2018|work=BBC News|access-date=22 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180622012924/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-44568537|archive-date=22 June 2018|quote=Now that New Zealand's Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern has hit world headlines by becoming only the second elected head of government to give birth in office, attention has naturally been drawn to the first such leader – Pakistan's late two-time Prime Minister [[Benazir Bhutto]].|url-status=live}}</ref> ==प्रारम्भिक जीवन र शिक्षा== ==प्रारम्भिक राजनैतिक वृत्ती== ===संसद सदस्य=== ===प्रतिपक्षी नेता=== ==न्युजिल्यान्डका प्रधानमन्त्री == ===आन्तरिक मामिला=== ===विदेश मामिला=== [[File:Jacinda Ardern and Donald Trump 2019.jpg|thumb|अर्डर्न र अमेरिकी राष्ट्रपति [[डोनाल्ड ट्रम्प]], २३ सेप्टेम्बर २०१९]] [[File:Moon, Duterte, Ardern and Aung San Suu Kyi at 14th East Asia Summit.jpg|thumb|(L–R:) दक्षिण कोरियाली राष्ट्रपति [[मून जे-इन|मुन जे इन]], फिलिपिनी राष्ट्रपति [[रोड्रिगो दुतेर्ते|रेड्रिगो डुतेर्ते]], अर्डर्न र म्यानमारको राज्य सल्लाहकार [[आङ साङ शुचि]], १४ औ पूर्वी एसिया शिखर सम्मेलनमा, थाइल्यान्ड , ४ नोबेम्बर २०१९]] ५ नोबेम्बर २०१७ मा, अर्डर्नले अष्ट्रेलियामा उनको पहिलो औपचारिक विदेश यात्रा गरिन्। उनले अष्ट्रेलियाली प्रधानमन्त्री [[म्याल्कम टर्नबुल]] सँग पहिलो पटक भेटवार्ता गरे। अष्ट्रेलियामा बसोबास गर्ने न्युजिल्यान्डका नागरिक प्रती गरिने अष्ट्रेलियाको व्यवहारको कारणले दुई देशको सम्बन्धमा तिक्तता आएको थियो। पदभार ग्रहण गर्नु अघि उनले यो अवस्था सुधार्ने र अष्ट्रेलियाली सरकार सँग काम गर्ने सम्बन्ध अझै सुमधुर बनाउने बताएकी थिइन्। ===क्राइस्टचर्च मस्जिद आक्रमण=== ===कोरोनाभाइरस विश्वमारी=== ==राजनैतिक विचार== [[File:Safeguarding Our Planet at the Annual Meeting 2019 (45933058755).jpg|thumb|upright|left| विश्व आर्थी मञ्च को "हाम्रो ग्रहको रक्षा" सत्रमा बोल्दै अर्डर्न , २२ जनवरी २०१९, डाभोस]] अर्डर्न आफूलाई [[सामाजिक प्रजातन्त्रवादी]],<ref name="Murphy"/> प्रगतिशील,<ref name="auto"/> गणतन्त्रवादी<ref name="Lagan">{{cite web|last1=Lagan|first1=Bernard|title=Jacinda Ardern, New Zealand's contender for PM, says: let’s lose the Queen|url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/edition/news/jacinda-ardern-new-zealand-s-contender-for-pm-says-let-s-lose-the-queen-vszx3q88c|work=[[The Times]]|accessdate=8 September 2017|date=7 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908023157/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/edition/news/jacinda-ardern-new-zealand-s-contender-for-pm-says-let-s-lose-the-queen-vszx3q88c|archive-date=8 September 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> र [[नारीवाद|महिलावादी]]को रूपमा बताउछिन्।<ref>{{cite web|last1=Ardern|first1=Jacinda|title=Jacinda Ardern: I am a feminist|url=https://www.villainesse.com/girl-power/jacinda-ardern-i-am-feminist|work=Villainesse|accessdate=15 August 2017|date=20 May 2015|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170816061327/https://www.villainesse.com/girl-power/jacinda-ardern-i-am-feminist|archivedate=16 August 2017}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170816061327/https://www.villainesse.com/girl-power/jacinda-ardern-i-am-feminist |date=16 August 2017 }}</ref> उनले हेलेन क्लार्कलाई आफ्नो नमुना व्यक्ती र राजनैतिक नायक मानेका छन्,<ref name="Murphy"/><ref>{{cite news|title=Ardern confirmed as new Labour leader|url=https://www.odt.co.nz/news/politics/ardern-confirmed-new-labour-leader|accessdate=15 August 2017|work=Otago Daily Times|date=1 August 2017|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170816064355/https://www.odt.co.nz/news/politics/ardern-confirmed-new-labour-leader|archivedate=16 August 2017}}</ref> र उनले बाल गरिबी र न्युजिल्यान्डमा बेघरबारहरू बढेकाले [[पूँजीवाद]] "जबरजस्त असफल भएको" व्याख्या गरेकी थिइन्।<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.newshub.co.nz/home/election/2017/10/homelessness-proves-capitalism-is-a-blatant-failure-jacinda-ardern.html |title=Homelessness proves capitalism is a 'blatant failure' – Jacinda Ardern |work=Newshub |last1=Satherley |first1=Dan |last2=Owen |first2=Lisa |date=21 October 2017 |accessdate=24 October 2017 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171024095816/http://www.newshub.co.nz/home/election/2017/10/homelessness-proves-capitalism-is-a-blatant-failure-jacinda-ardern.html |archivedate=24 October 2017 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171024095816/http://www.newshub.co.nz/home/election/2017/10/homelessness-proves-capitalism-is-a-blatant-failure-jacinda-ardern.html |date=24 October 2017 }}</ref> अर्डर्नले न्युजिल्यान्डमा आप्रवासनको कम दरको पक्षमा वकलत गर्छिन् र २०,०००-३०,००० मा सिमित गर्न सुझाव दिइन्। उनले यसलाई "पुर्वाधार मुद्दा" बताउदै उनले "जनसङ्ख्य वृद्धिको बारेमा हाम्रो पुग्दो योजना नभएको " बताएकी थिइन्। <ref>{{cite web|title=Video: Ardern committed to cutting immigration numbers|url=http://www.radionz.co.nz/news/political/337191/video-ardern-committed-to-cutting-immigration-numbers|website=Radio New Zealand|accessdate=15 August 2017|date=15 August 2017|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170816063755/http://www.radionz.co.nz/news/political/337191/video-ardern-committed-to-cutting-immigration-numbers|archivedate=16 August 2017}}</ref> यद्यपि, उनी ग्रहण गरिने शरणार्थीको सङ्ख्या बढाउने पक्षमा छिन्।<ref>{{cite news|title=Labour's new leader shakes up New Zealand's election|url=https://www.economist.com/news/asia/21729013-she-wants-cut-immigration-admit-more-refugees-labours-new-leader-shakes-up-new-zealands|work=[[The Economist]]|date=14 September 2017|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170915072118/https://www.economist.com/news/asia/21729013-she-wants-cut-immigration-admit-more-refugees-labours-new-leader-shakes-up-new-zealands|archivedate=15 September 2017}}</ref> ==सम्मान== ==व्यक्तिगत जीवन== ==यो पनि हेर्नुहोस्== ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{reflist}} [[श्रेणी:न्युजिल्यान्डका प्रधानमन्त्रीहरू]] [[श्रेणी:महिला प्रधानमन्त्रीहरू]] [[श्रेणी:न्युजिल्यान्डको बन्दुक राजनीति]] [[श्रेणी:सन् १९८० मा जन्म]] pe5qkw2t3i3r50xv3du9jwtqwdau9qs 1365976 1365975 2026-07-14T06:48:26Z Bishaldev100 28807 1365976 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | honorific-prefix = [[सम्माननीय]] | name = जेसिन्डा अर्डर्न | honorific-suffix = {{post-nominals|country=NZL|MP|size=100%}} | image = Jacinda Ardern November 2020 (cropped).jpg | alt = Smiling woman with dark hair | caption = Ardern in 2020 | office = न्युजिल्यान्डको ४० औँ प्रधानमन्त्री | monarch = {{Plainlist| * [[एलिजाबेथ द्वितीय]] * [[चार्ल्स तृतीय]] }} | 1blankname = {{nowrap|गभर्नर जनरल}}<!-- Done to prevent line break. --> | 1namedata = [[Patsy Reddy]] | deputy1 = [[Winston Peters]] | term_start = २६ अक्टोबर २०१७ | term_end =२५ जनवरी २०२३ | predecessor1 = बिल इङ्लिस | successor1 = | office2 = १७ औं न्युजिल्यान्ड लेबर पार्टीको नेता | deputy2 = [[Kelvin Davis (politician)|Kelvin Davis]] | term_start2 = १ अगस्ट २०१७ | term_end2 =२३ जनवरी २०२३ | predecessor2 = [[Andrew Little (New Zealand politician)|Andrew Little]] | successor2 = | office3 = ३६औं [[Leader of the Opposition (New Zealand)|Leader of the Opposition]] | deputy3 = [[Kelvin Davis (politician)|Kelvin Davis]] | term_start3 = १ अगस्त २०१७ | term_end3 = २६ अक्टोबर २०१७ | predecessor3 = [[Andrew Little (New Zealand politician)|Andrew Little]] | successor3 = [[Bill English]] }} '''जेसिन्डा केट लरेल अर्डर्न'''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parliament.nz/en-NZ/PB/Debates/Debates/5/c/4/49HansD_20081208_00000010-Members-Sworn.htm|title=New Zealand Hansard – Members Sworn|page=2, volume 651|publisher=[[New Zealand Parliament]]|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130223070945/http://www.parliament.nz/en-NZ/PB/Debates/Debates/5/c/4/49HansD_20081208_00000010-Members-Sworn.htm|archivedate=23 February 2013}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130223070945/http://www.parliament.nz/en-NZ/PB/Debates/Debates/5/c/4/49HansD_20081208_00000010-Members-Sworn.htm |date=23 February 2013 }}</ref> ({{IPAc-en|dʒ|ə|ˈ|s|ɪ|n|d|ə|_|ˈ|ɑːr|d|ɜːr|n}};<ref name="Pronunciation">{{cite web|url=http://www.stuff.co.nz/national/politics/98121814/australian-journalist-surprised-by-jacinda-arderns-accessibility|title=Australian journalist surprised by Jacinda Ardern's accessibility|website=Stuff|accessdate=21 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171022040125/https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/politics/98121814/australian-journalist-surprised-by-jacinda-arderns-accessibility|archive-date=22 October 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> जन्म २६ जुलाई १९८०) [[न्युजिल्यान्ड]] का राजनीतिज्ञ हुन् जसले न्युजील्याण्डको ४० औँ प्रधानमन्त्रीको र लेबर पार्टीको नेताको रूपमा सन् २०१७ -२०२३ कार्यभार सम्हालेका छिन्। अर्डर्न सरकारले विशेषगरी न्युजिल्यान्डको हाउजिङ समस्या, बाल गरिबी, र सामाजिक असमानतामा केन्द्रित गर्यो। मार्च २०१९ मा, उनले [[क्राइस्टचर्च मस्जिद आक्रमण]]पछि प्रतिक्रिया स्वरुप कडा बन्दुक सम्बन्धी नियम ल्याइन्। न्युजिल्यान्डमा कोभिड-१९ को कुशलतापूर्वक सम्हालेकाले उनको प्रशंसा भएको छ। अर्डर्न आफुलाई एक सामाजिक प्रजातन्त्रवादी र प्रगतिशील बताउछिन् ।<ref name="Murphy">{{cite news|last1=Murphy|first1=Tim|title=What Jacinda Ardern wants|url=https://www.newsroom.co.nz/2017/07/31/40717/what-jacinda-wants|accessdate=15 August 2017|publisher=[[Newsroom (website)|Newsroom]]|date=1 August 2017|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170816062218/https://www.newsroom.co.nz/2017/07/31/40717/what-jacinda-wants|archivedate=16 August 2017}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{cite news|title=Live: Jacinda Ardern answers NZ's questions|url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/politics/95407204/live-ask-jacinda-ardern-anything|work=Stuff|date=3 August 2017|access-date=11 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190322065814/https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/politics/95407204/live-ask-jacinda-ardern-anything|archive-date=22 March 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> प्रधानमन्त्रीको रूपमा उनको नियुक्ति को समयमा, उनी सबैभन्दा कम उमेरको महिला प्रधानमन्त्री भएकी थिइन् । त्यतिबेला उनको उमेर ३७ वर्ष थियो।<ref name="veconomist">{{cite news|url=https://www.economist.com/news/asia/21730740-jacinda-ardern-has-hard-job-ahead-her-worlds-youngest-female-leader-takes-over-new|title=The world's youngest female leader takes over in New Zealand|date=26 October 2017|work=[[The Economist]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171026185627/https://www.economist.com/news/asia/21730740-jacinda-ardern-has-hard-job-ahead-her-worlds-youngest-female-leader-takes-over-new|archivedate=26 October 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> २१ जुन २०१८ मा उनको छोरीको जन्म भएपछि, अर्डर्न पदमा रहंदा बच्चालाई जन्म दिने विश्वको दोश्रो सरकार प्रमुख ([[बेनजीर भुट्टो|बेनजिर भुट्टो]] पछि) बनिन्।<ref name=":12">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-44568537|title=Ardern and Bhutto: Two different pregnancies in power|last=Khan|first=M Ilyas|date=21 June 2018|work=BBC News|access-date=22 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180622012924/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-44568537|archive-date=22 June 2018|quote=Now that New Zealand's Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern has hit world headlines by becoming only the second elected head of government to give birth in office, attention has naturally been drawn to the first such leader – Pakistan's late two-time Prime Minister [[Benazir Bhutto]].|url-status=live}}</ref> ==प्रारम्भिक जीवन र शिक्षा== ==प्रारम्भिक राजनैतिक वृत्ती== ===संसद सदस्य=== ===प्रतिपक्षी नेता=== ==न्युजिल्यान्डका प्रधानमन्त्री == ===आन्तरिक मामिला=== ===विदेश मामिला=== [[File:Jacinda Ardern and Donald Trump 2019.jpg|thumb|अर्डर्न र अमेरिकी राष्ट्रपति [[डोनाल्ड ट्रम्प]], २३ सेप्टेम्बर २०१९]] [[File:Moon, Duterte, Ardern and Aung San Suu Kyi at 14th East Asia Summit.jpg|thumb|(L–R:) दक्षिण कोरियाली राष्ट्रपति [[मून जे-इन|मुन जे इन]], फिलिपिनी राष्ट्रपति [[रोड्रिगो दुतेर्ते|रेड्रिगो डुतेर्ते]], अर्डर्न र म्यानमारको राज्य सल्लाहकार [[आङ साङ शुचि]], १४ औ पूर्वी एसिया शिखर सम्मेलनमा, थाइल्यान्ड , ४ नोबेम्बर २०१९]] ५ नोबेम्बर २०१७ मा, अर्डर्नले अष्ट्रेलियामा उनको पहिलो औपचारिक विदेश यात्रा गरिन्। उनले अष्ट्रेलियाली प्रधानमन्त्री [[म्याल्कम टर्नबुल]] सँग पहिलो पटक भेटवार्ता गरे। अष्ट्रेलियामा बसोबास गर्ने न्युजिल्यान्डका नागरिक प्रती गरिने अष्ट्रेलियाको व्यवहारको कारणले दुई देशको सम्बन्धमा तिक्तता आएको थियो। पदभार ग्रहण गर्नु अघि उनले यो अवस्था सुधार्ने र अष्ट्रेलियाली सरकार सँग काम गर्ने सम्बन्ध अझै सुमधुर बनाउने बताएकी थिइन्। ===क्राइस्टचर्च मस्जिद आक्रमण=== ===कोरोनाभाइरस विश्वमारी=== ==राजनैतिक विचार== [[File:Safeguarding Our Planet at the Annual Meeting 2019 (45933058755).jpg|thumb|upright|left| विश्व आर्थी मञ्च को "हाम्रो ग्रहको रक्षा" सत्रमा बोल्दै अर्डर्न , २२ जनवरी २०१९, डाभोस]] अर्डर्न आफूलाई [[सामाजिक प्रजातन्त्रवादी]],<ref name="Murphy"/> प्रगतिशील,<ref name="auto"/> गणतन्त्रवादी<ref name="Lagan">{{cite web|last1=Lagan|first1=Bernard|title=Jacinda Ardern, New Zealand's contender for PM, says: let’s lose the Queen|url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/edition/news/jacinda-ardern-new-zealand-s-contender-for-pm-says-let-s-lose-the-queen-vszx3q88c|work=[[The Times]]|accessdate=8 September 2017|date=7 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908023157/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/edition/news/jacinda-ardern-new-zealand-s-contender-for-pm-says-let-s-lose-the-queen-vszx3q88c|archive-date=8 September 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> र [[नारीवाद|महिलावादी]]को रूपमा बताउछिन्।<ref>{{cite web|last1=Ardern|first1=Jacinda|title=Jacinda Ardern: I am a feminist|url=https://www.villainesse.com/girl-power/jacinda-ardern-i-am-feminist|work=Villainesse|accessdate=15 August 2017|date=20 May 2015|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170816061327/https://www.villainesse.com/girl-power/jacinda-ardern-i-am-feminist|archivedate=16 August 2017}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170816061327/https://www.villainesse.com/girl-power/jacinda-ardern-i-am-feminist |date=16 August 2017 }}</ref> उनले हेलेन क्लार्कलाई आफ्नो नमुना व्यक्ती र राजनैतिक नायक मानेका छन्,<ref name="Murphy"/><ref>{{cite news|title=Ardern confirmed as new Labour leader|url=https://www.odt.co.nz/news/politics/ardern-confirmed-new-labour-leader|accessdate=15 August 2017|work=Otago Daily Times|date=1 August 2017|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170816064355/https://www.odt.co.nz/news/politics/ardern-confirmed-new-labour-leader|archivedate=16 August 2017}}</ref> र उनले बाल गरिबी र न्युजिल्यान्डमा बेघरबारहरू बढेकाले [[पूँजीवाद]] "जबरजस्त असफल भएको" व्याख्या गरेकी थिइन्।<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.newshub.co.nz/home/election/2017/10/homelessness-proves-capitalism-is-a-blatant-failure-jacinda-ardern.html |title=Homelessness proves capitalism is a 'blatant failure' – Jacinda Ardern |work=Newshub |last1=Satherley |first1=Dan |last2=Owen |first2=Lisa |date=21 October 2017 |accessdate=24 October 2017 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171024095816/http://www.newshub.co.nz/home/election/2017/10/homelessness-proves-capitalism-is-a-blatant-failure-jacinda-ardern.html |archivedate=24 October 2017 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171024095816/http://www.newshub.co.nz/home/election/2017/10/homelessness-proves-capitalism-is-a-blatant-failure-jacinda-ardern.html |date=24 October 2017 }}</ref> अर्डर्नले न्युजिल्यान्डमा आप्रवासनको कम दरको पक्षमा वकलत गर्छिन् र २०,०००-३०,००० मा सिमित गर्न सुझाव दिइन्। उनले यसलाई "पुर्वाधार मुद्दा" बताउदै उनले "जनसङ्ख्य वृद्धिको बारेमा हाम्रो पुग्दो योजना नभएको " बताएकी थिइन्। <ref>{{cite web|title=Video: Ardern committed to cutting immigration numbers|url=http://www.radionz.co.nz/news/political/337191/video-ardern-committed-to-cutting-immigration-numbers|website=Radio New Zealand|accessdate=15 August 2017|date=15 August 2017|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170816063755/http://www.radionz.co.nz/news/political/337191/video-ardern-committed-to-cutting-immigration-numbers|archivedate=16 August 2017}}</ref> यद्यपि, उनी ग्रहण गरिने शरणार्थीको सङ्ख्या बढाउने पक्षमा छिन्।<ref>{{cite news|title=Labour's new leader shakes up New Zealand's election|url=https://www.economist.com/news/asia/21729013-she-wants-cut-immigration-admit-more-refugees-labours-new-leader-shakes-up-new-zealands|work=[[The Economist]]|date=14 September 2017|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170915072118/https://www.economist.com/news/asia/21729013-she-wants-cut-immigration-admit-more-refugees-labours-new-leader-shakes-up-new-zealands|archivedate=15 September 2017}}</ref> ==सम्मान== ==व्यक्तिगत जीवन== ==यो पनि हेर्नुहोस्== ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{reflist}} [[श्रेणी:न्युजिल्यान्डका प्रधानमन्त्रीहरू]] [[श्रेणी:महिला प्रधानमन्त्रीहरू]] [[श्रेणी:न्युजिल्यान्डको बन्दुक राजनीति]] [[श्रेणी:सन् १९८० मा जन्म]] ouwlhf1m3p2lzpdg7z0asj7vcpnhxpz 1365977 1365976 2026-07-14T06:51:18Z Bishaldev100 28807 1365977 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | honorific-prefix = [[सम्माननीय]] | name = जेसिन्डा अर्डर्न | honorific-suffix = {{post-nominals|country=NZL|MP|size=100%}} | image = Jacinda Ardern November 2020 (cropped).jpg | alt = Smiling woman with dark hair | caption = Ardern in 2020 | office = न्युजिल्यान्डको ४० औँ प्रधानमन्त्री | monarch = {{Plainlist| * [[एलिजाबेथ द्वितीय]] * [[चार्ल्स तृतीय]] }} | 1blankname = {{nowrap|गभर्नर जनरल}}<!-- Done to prevent line break. --> | 1namedata = [[Patsy Reddy]] | deputy1 = [[Winston Peters]] | term_start = २६ अक्टोबर २०१७ | term_end =२५ जनवरी २०२३ | predecessor1 = बिल इङ्लिस | successor1 = | office2 = १७ औं न्युजिल्यान्ड लेबर पार्टीको नेता | deputy2 = केल्विन डेभिस | term_start2 = १ अगस्ट २०१७ | term_end2 =२३ जनवरी २०२३ | predecessor2 = एन्ड्रयू लिटिल | successor2 =क्रिस हिपकिन्स | office3 = ३६औं प्रतिपक्षी दलको नेता | deputy3 = केल्विन डेभिस | term_start3 = १ अगस्त २०१७ | term_end3 = २६ अक्टोबर २०१७ | predecessor3 = एन्ड्रयू लिटिल | successor3 = बिल इङ्लिस }} '''जेसिन्डा केट लरेल अर्डर्न'''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parliament.nz/en-NZ/PB/Debates/Debates/5/c/4/49HansD_20081208_00000010-Members-Sworn.htm|title=New Zealand Hansard – Members Sworn|page=2, volume 651|publisher=[[New Zealand Parliament]]|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130223070945/http://www.parliament.nz/en-NZ/PB/Debates/Debates/5/c/4/49HansD_20081208_00000010-Members-Sworn.htm|archivedate=23 February 2013}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130223070945/http://www.parliament.nz/en-NZ/PB/Debates/Debates/5/c/4/49HansD_20081208_00000010-Members-Sworn.htm |date=23 February 2013 }}</ref> ({{IPAc-en|dʒ|ə|ˈ|s|ɪ|n|d|ə|_|ˈ|ɑːr|d|ɜːr|n}};<ref name="Pronunciation">{{cite web|url=http://www.stuff.co.nz/national/politics/98121814/australian-journalist-surprised-by-jacinda-arderns-accessibility|title=Australian journalist surprised by Jacinda Ardern's accessibility|website=Stuff|accessdate=21 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171022040125/https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/politics/98121814/australian-journalist-surprised-by-jacinda-arderns-accessibility|archive-date=22 October 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> जन्म २६ जुलाई १९८०) [[न्युजिल्यान्ड]] का राजनीतिज्ञ हुन् जसले न्युजील्याण्डको ४० औँ प्रधानमन्त्रीको र लेबर पार्टीको नेताको रूपमा सन् २०१७ -२०२३ कार्यभार सम्हालेका छिन्। अर्डर्न सरकारले विशेषगरी न्युजिल्यान्डको हाउजिङ समस्या, बाल गरिबी, र सामाजिक असमानतामा केन्द्रित गर्यो। मार्च २०१९ मा, उनले [[क्राइस्टचर्च मस्जिद आक्रमण]]पछि प्रतिक्रिया स्वरुप कडा बन्दुक सम्बन्धी नियम ल्याइन्। न्युजिल्यान्डमा कोभिड-१९ को कुशलतापूर्वक सम्हालेकाले उनको प्रशंसा भएको छ। अर्डर्न आफुलाई एक सामाजिक प्रजातन्त्रवादी र प्रगतिशील बताउछिन् ।<ref name="Murphy">{{cite news|last1=Murphy|first1=Tim|title=What Jacinda Ardern wants|url=https://www.newsroom.co.nz/2017/07/31/40717/what-jacinda-wants|accessdate=15 August 2017|publisher=[[Newsroom (website)|Newsroom]]|date=1 August 2017|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170816062218/https://www.newsroom.co.nz/2017/07/31/40717/what-jacinda-wants|archivedate=16 August 2017}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{cite news|title=Live: Jacinda Ardern answers NZ's questions|url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/politics/95407204/live-ask-jacinda-ardern-anything|work=Stuff|date=3 August 2017|access-date=11 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190322065814/https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/politics/95407204/live-ask-jacinda-ardern-anything|archive-date=22 March 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> प्रधानमन्त्रीको रूपमा उनको नियुक्ति को समयमा, उनी सबैभन्दा कम उमेरको महिला प्रधानमन्त्री भएकी थिइन् । त्यतिबेला उनको उमेर ३७ वर्ष थियो।<ref name="veconomist">{{cite news|url=https://www.economist.com/news/asia/21730740-jacinda-ardern-has-hard-job-ahead-her-worlds-youngest-female-leader-takes-over-new|title=The world's youngest female leader takes over in New Zealand|date=26 October 2017|work=[[The Economist]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171026185627/https://www.economist.com/news/asia/21730740-jacinda-ardern-has-hard-job-ahead-her-worlds-youngest-female-leader-takes-over-new|archivedate=26 October 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> २१ जुन २०१८ मा उनको छोरीको जन्म भएपछि, अर्डर्न पदमा रहंदा बच्चालाई जन्म दिने विश्वको दोश्रो सरकार प्रमुख ([[बेनजीर भुट्टो|बेनजिर भुट्टो]] पछि) बनिन्।<ref name=":12">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-44568537|title=Ardern and Bhutto: Two different pregnancies in power|last=Khan|first=M Ilyas|date=21 June 2018|work=BBC News|access-date=22 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180622012924/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-44568537|archive-date=22 June 2018|quote=Now that New Zealand's Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern has hit world headlines by becoming only the second elected head of government to give birth in office, attention has naturally been drawn to the first such leader – Pakistan's late two-time Prime Minister [[Benazir Bhutto]].|url-status=live}}</ref> ==प्रारम्भिक जीवन र शिक्षा== ==प्रारम्भिक राजनैतिक वृत्ती== ===संसद सदस्य=== ===प्रतिपक्षी नेता=== ==न्युजिल्यान्डका प्रधानमन्त्री == ===आन्तरिक मामिला=== ===विदेश मामिला=== [[File:Jacinda Ardern and Donald Trump 2019.jpg|thumb|अर्डर्न र अमेरिकी राष्ट्रपति [[डोनाल्ड ट्रम्प]], २३ सेप्टेम्बर २०१९]] [[File:Moon, Duterte, Ardern and Aung San Suu Kyi at 14th East Asia Summit.jpg|thumb|(L–R:) दक्षिण कोरियाली राष्ट्रपति [[मून जे-इन|मुन जे इन]], फिलिपिनी राष्ट्रपति [[रोड्रिगो दुतेर्ते|रेड्रिगो डुतेर्ते]], अर्डर्न र म्यानमारको राज्य सल्लाहकार [[आङ साङ शुचि]], १४ औ पूर्वी एसिया शिखर सम्मेलनमा, थाइल्यान्ड , ४ नोबेम्बर २०१९]] ५ नोबेम्बर २०१७ मा, अर्डर्नले अष्ट्रेलियामा उनको पहिलो औपचारिक विदेश यात्रा गरिन्। उनले अष्ट्रेलियाली प्रधानमन्त्री [[म्याल्कम टर्नबुल]] सँग पहिलो पटक भेटवार्ता गरे। अष्ट्रेलियामा बसोबास गर्ने न्युजिल्यान्डका नागरिक प्रती गरिने अष्ट्रेलियाको व्यवहारको कारणले दुई देशको सम्बन्धमा तिक्तता आएको थियो। पदभार ग्रहण गर्नु अघि उनले यो अवस्था सुधार्ने र अष्ट्रेलियाली सरकार सँग काम गर्ने सम्बन्ध अझै सुमधुर बनाउने बताएकी थिइन्। ===क्राइस्टचर्च मस्जिद आक्रमण=== ===कोरोनाभाइरस विश्वमारी=== ==राजनैतिक विचार== [[File:Safeguarding Our Planet at the Annual Meeting 2019 (45933058755).jpg|thumb|upright|left| विश्व आर्थी मञ्च को "हाम्रो ग्रहको रक्षा" सत्रमा बोल्दै अर्डर्न , २२ जनवरी २०१९, डाभोस]] अर्डर्न आफूलाई [[सामाजिक प्रजातन्त्रवादी]],<ref name="Murphy"/> प्रगतिशील,<ref name="auto"/> गणतन्त्रवादी<ref name="Lagan">{{cite web|last1=Lagan|first1=Bernard|title=Jacinda Ardern, New Zealand's contender for PM, says: let’s lose the Queen|url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/edition/news/jacinda-ardern-new-zealand-s-contender-for-pm-says-let-s-lose-the-queen-vszx3q88c|work=[[The Times]]|accessdate=8 September 2017|date=7 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908023157/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/edition/news/jacinda-ardern-new-zealand-s-contender-for-pm-says-let-s-lose-the-queen-vszx3q88c|archive-date=8 September 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> र [[नारीवाद|महिलावादी]]को रूपमा बताउछिन्।<ref>{{cite web|last1=Ardern|first1=Jacinda|title=Jacinda Ardern: I am a feminist|url=https://www.villainesse.com/girl-power/jacinda-ardern-i-am-feminist|work=Villainesse|accessdate=15 August 2017|date=20 May 2015|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170816061327/https://www.villainesse.com/girl-power/jacinda-ardern-i-am-feminist|archivedate=16 August 2017}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170816061327/https://www.villainesse.com/girl-power/jacinda-ardern-i-am-feminist |date=16 August 2017 }}</ref> उनले हेलेन क्लार्कलाई आफ्नो नमुना व्यक्ती र राजनैतिक नायक मानेका छन्,<ref name="Murphy"/><ref>{{cite news|title=Ardern confirmed as new Labour leader|url=https://www.odt.co.nz/news/politics/ardern-confirmed-new-labour-leader|accessdate=15 August 2017|work=Otago Daily Times|date=1 August 2017|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170816064355/https://www.odt.co.nz/news/politics/ardern-confirmed-new-labour-leader|archivedate=16 August 2017}}</ref> र उनले बाल गरिबी र न्युजिल्यान्डमा बेघरबारहरू बढेकाले [[पूँजीवाद]] "जबरजस्त असफल भएको" व्याख्या गरेकी थिइन्।<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.newshub.co.nz/home/election/2017/10/homelessness-proves-capitalism-is-a-blatant-failure-jacinda-ardern.html |title=Homelessness proves capitalism is a 'blatant failure' – Jacinda Ardern |work=Newshub |last1=Satherley |first1=Dan |last2=Owen |first2=Lisa |date=21 October 2017 |accessdate=24 October 2017 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171024095816/http://www.newshub.co.nz/home/election/2017/10/homelessness-proves-capitalism-is-a-blatant-failure-jacinda-ardern.html |archivedate=24 October 2017 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171024095816/http://www.newshub.co.nz/home/election/2017/10/homelessness-proves-capitalism-is-a-blatant-failure-jacinda-ardern.html |date=24 October 2017 }}</ref> अर्डर्नले न्युजिल्यान्डमा आप्रवासनको कम दरको पक्षमा वकलत गर्छिन् र २०,०००-३०,००० मा सिमित गर्न सुझाव दिइन्। उनले यसलाई "पुर्वाधार मुद्दा" बताउदै उनले "जनसङ्ख्य वृद्धिको बारेमा हाम्रो पुग्दो योजना नभएको " बताएकी थिइन्। <ref>{{cite web|title=Video: Ardern committed to cutting immigration numbers|url=http://www.radionz.co.nz/news/political/337191/video-ardern-committed-to-cutting-immigration-numbers|website=Radio New Zealand|accessdate=15 August 2017|date=15 August 2017|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170816063755/http://www.radionz.co.nz/news/political/337191/video-ardern-committed-to-cutting-immigration-numbers|archivedate=16 August 2017}}</ref> यद्यपि, उनी ग्रहण गरिने शरणार्थीको सङ्ख्या बढाउने पक्षमा छिन्।<ref>{{cite news|title=Labour's new leader shakes up New Zealand's election|url=https://www.economist.com/news/asia/21729013-she-wants-cut-immigration-admit-more-refugees-labours-new-leader-shakes-up-new-zealands|work=[[The Economist]]|date=14 September 2017|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170915072118/https://www.economist.com/news/asia/21729013-she-wants-cut-immigration-admit-more-refugees-labours-new-leader-shakes-up-new-zealands|archivedate=15 September 2017}}</ref> ==सम्मान== ==व्यक्तिगत जीवन== ==यो पनि हेर्नुहोस्== ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{reflist}} [[श्रेणी:न्युजिल्यान्डका प्रधानमन्त्रीहरू]] [[श्रेणी:महिला प्रधानमन्त्रीहरू]] [[श्रेणी:न्युजिल्यान्डको बन्दुक राजनीति]] [[श्रेणी:सन् १९८० मा जन्म]] fet25b7oedm6xwmi4qe20vnpan8lvqg 1365978 1365977 2026-07-14T06:51:56Z Bishaldev100 28807 1365978 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | honorific-prefix = [[सम्माननीय]] | name = जेसिन्डा अर्डर्न | honorific-suffix = {{post-nominals|country=NZL|MP|size=100%}} | image = Jacinda Ardern November 2020 (cropped).jpg | alt = Smiling woman with dark hair | caption = Ardern in 2020 | office = न्युजिल्यान्डको ४० औँ प्रधानमन्त्री | monarch = {{Plainlist| * [[एलिजाबेथ द्वितीय]] * [[चार्ल्स तृतीय]] }} | 1blankname = {{nowrap|गभर्नर जनरल}}<!-- Done to prevent line break. --> | 1namedata = [[Patsy Reddy]] | deputy1 = [[Winston Peters]] | term_start = २६ अक्टोबर २०१७ | term_end =२५ जनवरी २०२३ | predecessor1 = बिल इङ्लिस | successor1 = क्रिस हिपकिन्स | office2 = १७ औं न्युजिल्यान्ड लेबर पार्टीको नेता | deputy2 = केल्विन डेभिस | term_start2 = १ अगस्ट २०१७ | term_end2 =२३ जनवरी २०२३ | predecessor2 = एन्ड्रयू लिटिल | successor2 =क्रिस हिपकिन्स | office3 = ३६औं प्रतिपक्षी दलको नेता | deputy3 = केल्विन डेभिस | term_start3 = १ अगस्त २०१७ | term_end3 = २६ अक्टोबर २०१७ | predecessor3 = एन्ड्रयू लिटिल | successor3 = बिल इङ्लिस }} '''जेसिन्डा केट लरेल अर्डर्न'''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parliament.nz/en-NZ/PB/Debates/Debates/5/c/4/49HansD_20081208_00000010-Members-Sworn.htm|title=New Zealand Hansard – Members Sworn|page=2, volume 651|publisher=[[New Zealand Parliament]]|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130223070945/http://www.parliament.nz/en-NZ/PB/Debates/Debates/5/c/4/49HansD_20081208_00000010-Members-Sworn.htm|archivedate=23 February 2013}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130223070945/http://www.parliament.nz/en-NZ/PB/Debates/Debates/5/c/4/49HansD_20081208_00000010-Members-Sworn.htm |date=23 February 2013 }}</ref> ({{IPAc-en|dʒ|ə|ˈ|s|ɪ|n|d|ə|_|ˈ|ɑːr|d|ɜːr|n}};<ref name="Pronunciation">{{cite web|url=http://www.stuff.co.nz/national/politics/98121814/australian-journalist-surprised-by-jacinda-arderns-accessibility|title=Australian journalist surprised by Jacinda Ardern's accessibility|website=Stuff|accessdate=21 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171022040125/https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/politics/98121814/australian-journalist-surprised-by-jacinda-arderns-accessibility|archive-date=22 October 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> जन्म २६ जुलाई १९८०) [[न्युजिल्यान्ड]] का राजनीतिज्ञ हुन् जसले न्युजील्याण्डको ४० औँ प्रधानमन्त्रीको र लेबर पार्टीको नेताको रूपमा सन् २०१७ -२०२३ कार्यभार सम्हालेका छिन्। अर्डर्न सरकारले विशेषगरी न्युजिल्यान्डको हाउजिङ समस्या, बाल गरिबी, र सामाजिक असमानतामा केन्द्रित गर्यो। मार्च २०१९ मा, उनले [[क्राइस्टचर्च मस्जिद आक्रमण]]पछि प्रतिक्रिया स्वरुप कडा बन्दुक सम्बन्धी नियम ल्याइन्। न्युजिल्यान्डमा कोभिड-१९ को कुशलतापूर्वक सम्हालेकाले उनको प्रशंसा भएको छ। अर्डर्न आफुलाई एक सामाजिक प्रजातन्त्रवादी र प्रगतिशील बताउछिन् ।<ref name="Murphy">{{cite news|last1=Murphy|first1=Tim|title=What Jacinda Ardern wants|url=https://www.newsroom.co.nz/2017/07/31/40717/what-jacinda-wants|accessdate=15 August 2017|publisher=[[Newsroom (website)|Newsroom]]|date=1 August 2017|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170816062218/https://www.newsroom.co.nz/2017/07/31/40717/what-jacinda-wants|archivedate=16 August 2017}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{cite news|title=Live: Jacinda Ardern answers NZ's questions|url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/politics/95407204/live-ask-jacinda-ardern-anything|work=Stuff|date=3 August 2017|access-date=11 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190322065814/https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/politics/95407204/live-ask-jacinda-ardern-anything|archive-date=22 March 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> प्रधानमन्त्रीको रूपमा उनको नियुक्ति को समयमा, उनी सबैभन्दा कम उमेरको महिला प्रधानमन्त्री भएकी थिइन् । त्यतिबेला उनको उमेर ३७ वर्ष थियो।<ref name="veconomist">{{cite news|url=https://www.economist.com/news/asia/21730740-jacinda-ardern-has-hard-job-ahead-her-worlds-youngest-female-leader-takes-over-new|title=The world's youngest female leader takes over in New Zealand|date=26 October 2017|work=[[The Economist]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171026185627/https://www.economist.com/news/asia/21730740-jacinda-ardern-has-hard-job-ahead-her-worlds-youngest-female-leader-takes-over-new|archivedate=26 October 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> २१ जुन २०१८ मा उनको छोरीको जन्म भएपछि, अर्डर्न पदमा रहंदा बच्चालाई जन्म दिने विश्वको दोश्रो सरकार प्रमुख ([[बेनजीर भुट्टो|बेनजिर भुट्टो]] पछि) बनिन्।<ref name=":12">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-44568537|title=Ardern and Bhutto: Two different pregnancies in power|last=Khan|first=M Ilyas|date=21 June 2018|work=BBC News|access-date=22 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180622012924/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-44568537|archive-date=22 June 2018|quote=Now that New Zealand's Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern has hit world headlines by becoming only the second elected head of government to give birth in office, attention has naturally been drawn to the first such leader – Pakistan's late two-time Prime Minister [[Benazir Bhutto]].|url-status=live}}</ref> ==प्रारम्भिक जीवन र शिक्षा== ==प्रारम्भिक राजनैतिक वृत्ती== ===संसद सदस्य=== ===प्रतिपक्षी नेता=== ==न्युजिल्यान्डका प्रधानमन्त्री == ===आन्तरिक मामिला=== ===विदेश मामिला=== [[File:Jacinda Ardern and Donald Trump 2019.jpg|thumb|अर्डर्न र अमेरिकी राष्ट्रपति [[डोनाल्ड ट्रम्प]], २३ सेप्टेम्बर २०१९]] [[File:Moon, Duterte, Ardern and Aung San Suu Kyi at 14th East Asia Summit.jpg|thumb|(L–R:) दक्षिण कोरियाली राष्ट्रपति [[मून जे-इन|मुन जे इन]], फिलिपिनी राष्ट्रपति [[रोड्रिगो दुतेर्ते|रेड्रिगो डुतेर्ते]], अर्डर्न र म्यानमारको राज्य सल्लाहकार [[आङ साङ शुचि]], १४ औ पूर्वी एसिया शिखर सम्मेलनमा, थाइल्यान्ड , ४ नोबेम्बर २०१९]] ५ नोबेम्बर २०१७ मा, अर्डर्नले अष्ट्रेलियामा उनको पहिलो औपचारिक विदेश यात्रा गरिन्। उनले अष्ट्रेलियाली प्रधानमन्त्री [[म्याल्कम टर्नबुल]] सँग पहिलो पटक भेटवार्ता गरे। अष्ट्रेलियामा बसोबास गर्ने न्युजिल्यान्डका नागरिक प्रती गरिने अष्ट्रेलियाको व्यवहारको कारणले दुई देशको सम्बन्धमा तिक्तता आएको थियो। पदभार ग्रहण गर्नु अघि उनले यो अवस्था सुधार्ने र अष्ट्रेलियाली सरकार सँग काम गर्ने सम्बन्ध अझै सुमधुर बनाउने बताएकी थिइन्। ===क्राइस्टचर्च मस्जिद आक्रमण=== ===कोरोनाभाइरस विश्वमारी=== ==राजनैतिक विचार== [[File:Safeguarding Our Planet at the Annual Meeting 2019 (45933058755).jpg|thumb|upright|left| विश्व आर्थी मञ्च को "हाम्रो ग्रहको रक्षा" सत्रमा बोल्दै अर्डर्न , २२ जनवरी २०१९, डाभोस]] अर्डर्न आफूलाई [[सामाजिक प्रजातन्त्रवादी]],<ref name="Murphy"/> प्रगतिशील,<ref name="auto"/> गणतन्त्रवादी<ref name="Lagan">{{cite web|last1=Lagan|first1=Bernard|title=Jacinda Ardern, New Zealand's contender for PM, says: let’s lose the Queen|url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/edition/news/jacinda-ardern-new-zealand-s-contender-for-pm-says-let-s-lose-the-queen-vszx3q88c|work=[[The Times]]|accessdate=8 September 2017|date=7 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908023157/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/edition/news/jacinda-ardern-new-zealand-s-contender-for-pm-says-let-s-lose-the-queen-vszx3q88c|archive-date=8 September 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> र [[नारीवाद|महिलावादी]]को रूपमा बताउछिन्।<ref>{{cite web|last1=Ardern|first1=Jacinda|title=Jacinda Ardern: I am a feminist|url=https://www.villainesse.com/girl-power/jacinda-ardern-i-am-feminist|work=Villainesse|accessdate=15 August 2017|date=20 May 2015|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170816061327/https://www.villainesse.com/girl-power/jacinda-ardern-i-am-feminist|archivedate=16 August 2017}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170816061327/https://www.villainesse.com/girl-power/jacinda-ardern-i-am-feminist |date=16 August 2017 }}</ref> उनले हेलेन क्लार्कलाई आफ्नो नमुना व्यक्ती र राजनैतिक नायक मानेका छन्,<ref name="Murphy"/><ref>{{cite news|title=Ardern confirmed as new Labour leader|url=https://www.odt.co.nz/news/politics/ardern-confirmed-new-labour-leader|accessdate=15 August 2017|work=Otago Daily Times|date=1 August 2017|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170816064355/https://www.odt.co.nz/news/politics/ardern-confirmed-new-labour-leader|archivedate=16 August 2017}}</ref> र उनले बाल गरिबी र न्युजिल्यान्डमा बेघरबारहरू बढेकाले [[पूँजीवाद]] "जबरजस्त असफल भएको" व्याख्या गरेकी थिइन्।<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.newshub.co.nz/home/election/2017/10/homelessness-proves-capitalism-is-a-blatant-failure-jacinda-ardern.html |title=Homelessness proves capitalism is a 'blatant failure' – Jacinda Ardern |work=Newshub |last1=Satherley |first1=Dan |last2=Owen |first2=Lisa |date=21 October 2017 |accessdate=24 October 2017 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171024095816/http://www.newshub.co.nz/home/election/2017/10/homelessness-proves-capitalism-is-a-blatant-failure-jacinda-ardern.html |archivedate=24 October 2017 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171024095816/http://www.newshub.co.nz/home/election/2017/10/homelessness-proves-capitalism-is-a-blatant-failure-jacinda-ardern.html |date=24 October 2017 }}</ref> अर्डर्नले न्युजिल्यान्डमा आप्रवासनको कम दरको पक्षमा वकलत गर्छिन् र २०,०००-३०,००० मा सिमित गर्न सुझाव दिइन्। उनले यसलाई "पुर्वाधार मुद्दा" बताउदै उनले "जनसङ्ख्य वृद्धिको बारेमा हाम्रो पुग्दो योजना नभएको " बताएकी थिइन्। <ref>{{cite web|title=Video: Ardern committed to cutting immigration numbers|url=http://www.radionz.co.nz/news/political/337191/video-ardern-committed-to-cutting-immigration-numbers|website=Radio New Zealand|accessdate=15 August 2017|date=15 August 2017|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170816063755/http://www.radionz.co.nz/news/political/337191/video-ardern-committed-to-cutting-immigration-numbers|archivedate=16 August 2017}}</ref> यद्यपि, उनी ग्रहण गरिने शरणार्थीको सङ्ख्या बढाउने पक्षमा छिन्।<ref>{{cite news|title=Labour's new leader shakes up New Zealand's election|url=https://www.economist.com/news/asia/21729013-she-wants-cut-immigration-admit-more-refugees-labours-new-leader-shakes-up-new-zealands|work=[[The Economist]]|date=14 September 2017|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170915072118/https://www.economist.com/news/asia/21729013-she-wants-cut-immigration-admit-more-refugees-labours-new-leader-shakes-up-new-zealands|archivedate=15 September 2017}}</ref> ==सम्मान== ==व्यक्तिगत जीवन== ==यो पनि हेर्नुहोस्== ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{reflist}} [[श्रेणी:न्युजिल्यान्डका प्रधानमन्त्रीहरू]] [[श्रेणी:महिला प्रधानमन्त्रीहरू]] [[श्रेणी:न्युजिल्यान्डको बन्दुक राजनीति]] [[श्रेणी:सन् १९८० मा जन्म]] 0ajduwr2vzc8ft7ww8ws0ee5kbx1y2d 1365979 1365978 2026-07-14T06:54:09Z Bishaldev100 28807 /* विदेश मामिला */ 1365979 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | honorific-prefix = [[सम्माननीय]] | name = जेसिन्डा अर्डर्न | honorific-suffix = {{post-nominals|country=NZL|MP|size=100%}} | image = Jacinda Ardern November 2020 (cropped).jpg | alt = Smiling woman with dark hair | caption = Ardern in 2020 | office = न्युजिल्यान्डको ४० औँ प्रधानमन्त्री | monarch = {{Plainlist| * [[एलिजाबेथ द्वितीय]] * [[चार्ल्स तृतीय]] }} | 1blankname = {{nowrap|गभर्नर जनरल}}<!-- Done to prevent line break. --> | 1namedata = [[Patsy Reddy]] | deputy1 = [[Winston Peters]] | term_start = २६ अक्टोबर २०१७ | term_end =२५ जनवरी २०२३ | predecessor1 = बिल इङ्लिस | successor1 = क्रिस हिपकिन्स | office2 = १७ औं न्युजिल्यान्ड लेबर पार्टीको नेता | deputy2 = केल्विन डेभिस | term_start2 = १ अगस्ट २०१७ | term_end2 =२३ जनवरी २०२३ | predecessor2 = एन्ड्रयू लिटिल | successor2 =क्रिस हिपकिन्स | office3 = ३६औं प्रतिपक्षी दलको नेता | deputy3 = केल्विन डेभिस | term_start3 = १ अगस्त २०१७ | term_end3 = २६ अक्टोबर २०१७ | predecessor3 = एन्ड्रयू लिटिल | successor3 = बिल इङ्लिस }} '''जेसिन्डा केट लरेल अर्डर्न'''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parliament.nz/en-NZ/PB/Debates/Debates/5/c/4/49HansD_20081208_00000010-Members-Sworn.htm|title=New Zealand Hansard – Members Sworn|page=2, volume 651|publisher=[[New Zealand Parliament]]|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130223070945/http://www.parliament.nz/en-NZ/PB/Debates/Debates/5/c/4/49HansD_20081208_00000010-Members-Sworn.htm|archivedate=23 February 2013}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130223070945/http://www.parliament.nz/en-NZ/PB/Debates/Debates/5/c/4/49HansD_20081208_00000010-Members-Sworn.htm |date=23 February 2013 }}</ref> ({{IPAc-en|dʒ|ə|ˈ|s|ɪ|n|d|ə|_|ˈ|ɑːr|d|ɜːr|n}};<ref name="Pronunciation">{{cite web|url=http://www.stuff.co.nz/national/politics/98121814/australian-journalist-surprised-by-jacinda-arderns-accessibility|title=Australian journalist surprised by Jacinda Ardern's accessibility|website=Stuff|accessdate=21 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171022040125/https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/politics/98121814/australian-journalist-surprised-by-jacinda-arderns-accessibility|archive-date=22 October 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> जन्म २६ जुलाई १९८०) [[न्युजिल्यान्ड]] का राजनीतिज्ञ हुन् जसले न्युजील्याण्डको ४० औँ प्रधानमन्त्रीको र लेबर पार्टीको नेताको रूपमा सन् २०१७ -२०२३ कार्यभार सम्हालेका छिन्। अर्डर्न सरकारले विशेषगरी न्युजिल्यान्डको हाउजिङ समस्या, बाल गरिबी, र सामाजिक असमानतामा केन्द्रित गर्यो। मार्च २०१९ मा, उनले [[क्राइस्टचर्च मस्जिद आक्रमण]]पछि प्रतिक्रिया स्वरुप कडा बन्दुक सम्बन्धी नियम ल्याइन्। न्युजिल्यान्डमा कोभिड-१९ को कुशलतापूर्वक सम्हालेकाले उनको प्रशंसा भएको छ। अर्डर्न आफुलाई एक सामाजिक प्रजातन्त्रवादी र प्रगतिशील बताउछिन् ।<ref name="Murphy">{{cite news|last1=Murphy|first1=Tim|title=What Jacinda Ardern wants|url=https://www.newsroom.co.nz/2017/07/31/40717/what-jacinda-wants|accessdate=15 August 2017|publisher=[[Newsroom (website)|Newsroom]]|date=1 August 2017|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170816062218/https://www.newsroom.co.nz/2017/07/31/40717/what-jacinda-wants|archivedate=16 August 2017}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{cite news|title=Live: Jacinda Ardern answers NZ's questions|url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/politics/95407204/live-ask-jacinda-ardern-anything|work=Stuff|date=3 August 2017|access-date=11 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190322065814/https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/politics/95407204/live-ask-jacinda-ardern-anything|archive-date=22 March 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> प्रधानमन्त्रीको रूपमा उनको नियुक्ति को समयमा, उनी सबैभन्दा कम उमेरको महिला प्रधानमन्त्री भएकी थिइन् । त्यतिबेला उनको उमेर ३७ वर्ष थियो।<ref name="veconomist">{{cite news|url=https://www.economist.com/news/asia/21730740-jacinda-ardern-has-hard-job-ahead-her-worlds-youngest-female-leader-takes-over-new|title=The world's youngest female leader takes over in New Zealand|date=26 October 2017|work=[[The Economist]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171026185627/https://www.economist.com/news/asia/21730740-jacinda-ardern-has-hard-job-ahead-her-worlds-youngest-female-leader-takes-over-new|archivedate=26 October 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> २१ जुन २०१८ मा उनको छोरीको जन्म भएपछि, अर्डर्न पदमा रहंदा बच्चालाई जन्म दिने विश्वको दोश्रो सरकार प्रमुख ([[बेनजीर भुट्टो|बेनजिर भुट्टो]] पछि) बनिन्।<ref name=":12">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-44568537|title=Ardern and Bhutto: Two different pregnancies in power|last=Khan|first=M Ilyas|date=21 June 2018|work=BBC News|access-date=22 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180622012924/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-44568537|archive-date=22 June 2018|quote=Now that New Zealand's Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern has hit world headlines by becoming only the second elected head of government to give birth in office, attention has naturally been drawn to the first such leader – Pakistan's late two-time Prime Minister [[Benazir Bhutto]].|url-status=live}}</ref> ==प्रारम्भिक जीवन र शिक्षा== ==प्रारम्भिक राजनैतिक वृत्ती== ===संसद सदस्य=== ===प्रतिपक्षी नेता=== ==न्युजिल्यान्डका प्रधानमन्त्री == ===आन्तरिक मामिला=== ===विदेश मामिला=== [[File:Jacinda Ardern and Donald Trump 2019.jpg|thumb|अर्डर्न र अमेरिकी राष्ट्रपति [[डोनाल्ड ट्रम्प]], २३ सेप्टेम्बर २०१९]] [[File:Moon, Duterte, Ardern and Aung San Suu Kyi at 14th East Asia Summit.jpg|thumb|(L–R:) दक्षिण कोरियाली राष्ट्रपति [[मून जे-इन|मुन जे इन]], फिलिपिनी राष्ट्रपति [[रोड्रिगो दुतेर्ते|रेड्रिगो डुतेर्ते]], अर्डर्न र म्यानमारको राज्य सल्लाहकार [[आङ साङ शुचि]], १४ औ पूर्वी एसिया शिखर सम्मेलनमा, थाइल्यान्ड , ४ नोबेम्बर २०१९]] ५ नोबेम्बर २०१७ मा, अर्डर्नले अष्ट्रेलियामा उनको पहिलो औपचारिक विदेश यात्रा गरिन्। उनले अष्ट्रेलियाली प्रधानमन्त्री [[म्याल्कम टर्नबुल]] सँग पहिलो पटक भेटवार्ता गरे। अष्ट्रेलियामा बसोबास गर्ने न्युजिल्यान्डका नागरिक प्रती गरिने अष्ट्रेलियाको व्यवहारको कारणले दुई देशको सम्बन्धमा तिक्तता आएको थियो। पदभार ग्रहण गर्नु अघि उनले यो अवस्था सुधार्ने र अष्ट्रेलियाली सरकार सँग काम गर्ने सम्बन्ध अझै सुमधुर बनाउने बताएकी थिइन्। ===क्राइस्टचर्च मस्जिद आक्रमण=== ===कोरोनाभाइरस विश्वमारी=== ==राजनैतिक विचार== [[File:Safeguarding Our Planet at the Annual Meeting 2019 (45933058755).jpg|thumb|upright|left| विश्व आर्थी मञ्च को "हाम्रो ग्रहको रक्षा" सत्रमा बोल्दै अर्डर्न , २२ जनवरी २०१९, डाभोस]] अर्डर्न आफूलाई [[सामाजिक प्रजातन्त्रवादी]],<ref name="Murphy"/> प्रगतिशील,<ref name="auto"/> गणतन्त्रवादी<ref name="Lagan">{{cite web|last1=Lagan|first1=Bernard|title=Jacinda Ardern, New Zealand's contender for PM, says: let’s lose the Queen|url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/edition/news/jacinda-ardern-new-zealand-s-contender-for-pm-says-let-s-lose-the-queen-vszx3q88c|work=[[The Times]]|accessdate=8 September 2017|date=7 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908023157/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/edition/news/jacinda-ardern-new-zealand-s-contender-for-pm-says-let-s-lose-the-queen-vszx3q88c|archive-date=8 September 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> र [[नारीवाद|महिलावादी]]को रूपमा बताउछिन्।<ref>{{cite web|last1=Ardern|first1=Jacinda|title=Jacinda Ardern: I am a feminist|url=https://www.villainesse.com/girl-power/jacinda-ardern-i-am-feminist|work=Villainesse|accessdate=15 August 2017|date=20 May 2015|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170816061327/https://www.villainesse.com/girl-power/jacinda-ardern-i-am-feminist|archivedate=16 August 2017}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170816061327/https://www.villainesse.com/girl-power/jacinda-ardern-i-am-feminist |date=16 August 2017 }}</ref> उनले हेलेन क्लार्कलाई आफ्नो नमुना व्यक्ती र राजनैतिक नायक मानेका छन्,<ref name="Murphy"/><ref>{{cite news|title=Ardern confirmed as new Labour leader|url=https://www.odt.co.nz/news/politics/ardern-confirmed-new-labour-leader|accessdate=15 August 2017|work=Otago Daily Times|date=1 August 2017|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170816064355/https://www.odt.co.nz/news/politics/ardern-confirmed-new-labour-leader|archivedate=16 August 2017}}</ref> र उनले बाल गरिबी र न्युजिल्यान्डमा बेघरबारहरू बढेकाले [[पूँजीवाद]] "जबरजस्त असफल भएको" व्याख्या गरेकी थिइन्।<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.newshub.co.nz/home/election/2017/10/homelessness-proves-capitalism-is-a-blatant-failure-jacinda-ardern.html |title=Homelessness proves capitalism is a 'blatant failure' – Jacinda Ardern |work=Newshub |last1=Satherley |first1=Dan |last2=Owen |first2=Lisa |date=21 October 2017 |accessdate=24 October 2017 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171024095816/http://www.newshub.co.nz/home/election/2017/10/homelessness-proves-capitalism-is-a-blatant-failure-jacinda-ardern.html |archivedate=24 October 2017 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171024095816/http://www.newshub.co.nz/home/election/2017/10/homelessness-proves-capitalism-is-a-blatant-failure-jacinda-ardern.html |date=24 October 2017 }}</ref> अर्डर्नले न्युजिल्यान्डमा आप्रवासनको कम दरको पक्षमा वकलत गर्छिन् र २०,०००-३०,००० मा सिमित गर्न सुझाव दिइन्। उनले यसलाई "पुर्वाधार मुद्दा" बताउदै उनले "जनसङ्ख्य वृद्धिको बारेमा हाम्रो पुग्दो योजना नभएको " बताएकी थिइन्। <ref>{{cite web|title=Video: Ardern committed to cutting immigration numbers|url=http://www.radionz.co.nz/news/political/337191/video-ardern-committed-to-cutting-immigration-numbers|website=Radio New Zealand|accessdate=15 August 2017|date=15 August 2017|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170816063755/http://www.radionz.co.nz/news/political/337191/video-ardern-committed-to-cutting-immigration-numbers|archivedate=16 August 2017}}</ref> यद्यपि, उनी ग्रहण गरिने शरणार्थीको सङ्ख्या बढाउने पक्षमा छिन्।<ref>{{cite news|title=Labour's new leader shakes up New Zealand's election|url=https://www.economist.com/news/asia/21729013-she-wants-cut-immigration-admit-more-refugees-labours-new-leader-shakes-up-new-zealands|work=[[The Economist]]|date=14 September 2017|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170915072118/https://www.economist.com/news/asia/21729013-she-wants-cut-immigration-admit-more-refugees-labours-new-leader-shakes-up-new-zealands|archivedate=15 September 2017}}</ref> ==सम्मान== ==व्यक्तिगत जीवन== ==यो पनि हेर्नुहोस्== ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{reflist}} [[श्रेणी:न्युजिल्यान्डका प्रधानमन्त्रीहरू]] [[श्रेणी:महिला प्रधानमन्त्रीहरू]] [[श्रेणी:न्युजिल्यान्डको बन्दुक राजनीति]] [[श्रेणी:सन् १९८० मा जन्म]] mtxu7bah3fnj5o1ooup0vhr9fg1pjw8 0 122819 1366014 1362125 2026-07-14T10:08:20Z Saroj 31493 [[विकिपिडिया:हटक्याट|हटक्याट]]द्वारा [[श्रेणी:फिफा विश्वकपका खेलहरू]] जोडियो 1366014 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football match |title=नुरेम्बर्गको लडाइँ |date=२००६ जुन २५ |previous= |weather=बदली <br />{{convert|26|°C|°F}}<ref>{{cite web|title=History for Nurnberg, Germany |url=http://www.wunderground.com/history/airport/EDDN/2006/6/25/DailyHistory.html?req_city=NA&req_state=NA&req_statename=NA|publisher=wunderground.com|date=25 June 2006|accessdate=12 December 2016}}</ref>|attendance=41,000<ref name="bbcmatch">{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/world_cup_2006/4991538.stm|title=Portugal 1–0 Holland|work=[[BBC Sport]]|accessdate=19 June 2010|date=25 June 2006}}</ref> |referee=[[Valentin Ivanov (footballer, born 1961)|Valentin Ivanov]] ([[Russian Football Union|Russia]]) |man_of_the_match1a=[[Maniche]]<ref name="bbcmatch"/> |city=[[नुरेम्बर्ग]], [[जर्मनी]] |stadium= फ्रान्केनस्ट्याडियन |details= |image=[[File:Frankenstadion 1.JPG |200px]]|team2score=0 |team2association={{flagicon|NED|size=30px}} |team2=[[नेदरल्यान्ड राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|नेदरल्याण्ड्स]] |team1association={{flagicon|POR|size=30px}} |team1score=1 |team1=[[पोर्तगाल राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|पोर्चुगल]] |event=[[२००६ फिफा विश्वकप]] |caption=फ्रान्केनस्ट्याडियन रङ्गशाला |next= }} '''नुरेम्बर्गको लडाइँ''' ( {{Lang-pt|Batalha de Nuremberga}} , {{Lang-nl|Slag van Neurenberg}}; '''नुरेम्बर्गको नरसंहार''' भन्ने नामले पनि चिनिन्छ) २५ जुन २००६ मा [[२००६ फिफा विश्वकप|फिफा विश्वकपको]] अन्तिम १६ को न्युरेम्बरबर्गको फ्रान्केनस्ट्याडियनमा [[पोर्तगाल राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|पोर्चुगल]] र [[नेदरल्यान्ड राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|नेदरल्याण्ड्सको]] बीच भएको [[फुटबल खेल|फुटबल]] खेल हो।<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.spiegel.de/international/0,1518,423521,00.html|title=Portugal Defeats Holland at the Battle of Nuremberg|date=26 June 2006|website=[[Der Spiegel]]|accessdate=1 July 2010}}</ref> यो खेलमा [[रुस|रूसी]] रेफ्री भ्यालेन्टीन इभानोभले [[फिफा विश्वकप|फिफा वर्ल्ड कपको]] किर्तिमानी चार [[रातो कार्ड (फुटबल)|रातो कार्ड]] र १६ [[पेनाल्टी कार्ड|पहेंलो कार्ड]] दिएका दिएका थिए, जुन कुनै पनि [[फिफा]] मान्यता प्राप्त अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय प्रतियोगितामा देखाइएका कार्डको लागि नयाँ रेकर्ड कायम थियो। <ref name="abc">{{Cite web|url=http://www.abc.net.au/sport/columns/200607/s1681791.htm|title=Fair play takes a dive|date=8 July 2006|website=[[ABC Sport]]|accessdate=16 January 2008}}</ref> ==पृष्ठभुमि == [[पोर्तगाल राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|पोर्चुगल]] र [[नेदरल्यान्ड राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|नेदरल्याण्ड्स]]को [[पोर्तगाल|पोर्चुगल]] मा आयोजित [[यूइएफए यूरो २००४|यूईएफए यूरो २००४]] मा सेमीफाइनलमा भेट भएको थियो। त्यस खेलमा आयोजक पोर्चुगलले २-१ ले जितेको थियो।<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.uefa.com/news/newsid=203251.html|title=Maniche has final say against Oranje|date=1 July 2004|website=UEFA|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171111125619/http://www.uefa.com/news/newsid=203251.html|archivedate=11 November 2017|accessdate=27 June 2018}}</ref> तर उनीहरू बीच समान दुश्मनी देखाइएको थिएन। त्यस खेलमा सहभागी कुल पाँच डच र एघार पुर्तगाली खेलाडीहरू न्युरेम्बरबर्गको मैदानमा पनि थिए। == खेल == === पहिलो हाफ === दोस्रो मिनेटमा मार्क भ्यान बोमेललाई पहेंलो कार्ड दिइयो, र गोल हुनु अघि डच डिफेन्डर खालिद बोउलाउउजलाई पनि फाउलमा पहेंलो कार्ड दिइयो, उनले [[क्रिस्टियानो रोनाल्डो|क्रिस्टियानो रोनाल्डो]]लाई घाइते फल गरेका थिए र पोर्चुगिज स्टार विंगर हाफ टाइम अगाडी नै सब्टिच्युट हुन पर्‍यो। रोनाल्डोले आँखा भरी आँसुमा मैदान छाडे, र बोलाउरोजको ट्याकललाई " घाइते तुल्याउने मनसायले जानीजानी खराब नियत" भनेर वर्णन गरे।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.breakingnews.ie/sport/soccer/ronaldo-cries-foul-265008.html|title=Ronaldo cries foul|date=26 June 2006|website=[[breakingnews.ie]]|accessdate=1 July 2010}}</ref> त्यतिन्जेल, १९ मिनेट पछी मनिचेलाई भ्यान बोम्मेलमाथि फल गरेकोमा कार्ड दिइयो। गोलको केही बेरपछि पोर्चुगलका रक्षात्मक मिडफिल्डर कोस्टिन्हाले डच अनुभवी फिलिप कोकु माथि ट्याकल गरेकाले पहेँलो कार्ड पाए। त्यसपछि उनलाई ह्यान्डबलको लागि दोस्रो पहेँलो कार्ड देखाइएपछि हाफ टाइम भन्दा पहिले मैदान छोड्नु पर्यो। === दोस्रो भाग === ५० औं मिनेटमा पेटिटलाई पहेंलो कार्ड दिइयो। मार्क भान बोमेल संग टचलाइन झगडामा फिगोले उसलाई हेडबुट गरेपछी [[जियोभानी भान ब्रोन्कहर्स्ट]] र [[लुइस फिगो]] दुवैले पहेँलो कार्ड पाएका थिए।<ref name="guardian" /> <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/figo-escapes-ban-6097105.html|title=Figo escapes ban|last=Ziegler|first=Martyn|work=The Independent|access-date=28 February 2018}}</ref> पोर्चुगलका प्रशिक्षक लुइज फेलिप स्कोलारीले विवादास्पद रूपमा यो हेडबटलाई स्वीकृति दिए र म्याच पछि "[[यशू ख्रिष्ट|येशू ख्रीष्ट]] अर्को गाला थाप्न सक्छन् तर लुइस फिगो येशू ख्रीष्ट होइन।" भन्दै बचाउ गरे। <ref name="guardian">{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2006/jun/26/worldcup2006.match3|title=Holland exit in acrimony as four see red|last=Walker|first=Michael|date=26 June 2006|work=The Guardian|access-date=26 April 2010}}</ref> खलिद बुलाहरूझले फिगोलाई फाउल गरेपछी दोस्रो पहेंलो कार्ड पाएर उनले ६३औं मिनेटमा मैदान छाडे। अन एक Melee sparked जो फिगो, पछि दोस्रो सावधानी संग 63rd मिनेट बन्द पठाइएको थियो स्पर्श-लाइन Boulahrouz (सामना गर्ने मुछिएको, Simão ), André Ooijer र पोर्चुगिज पीठ, चौथो आधिकारिक को हस्तक्षेप necessitating मार्को रोड्रिग्वेज । पोर्चुगलका प्लेमेकर डेकोले डच डिफेन्डर जोन हेइटिङ्ग लाई खराब फाउल गरे र पहेंलो कार्ड पाए; एक खेलाडीको उपचार भइरहेको बेलामा खेल सुचारु गर्न नेदरल्याण्ड्सले बल फिर्ता दिएन, यस प्रकार फुटबलको एक अलिखित नियम तोडिएको थियो। अर्को झगडामा, [[वेस्ली स्नेइडर]] ले पेटिट लाई भुइँमा धकेले र उनलाई कार्ड दिइयो। नेदरल्याण्ड्सका राफेल भान डेर वार्टले पहेँलो कार्ड पाएका थिए, स्पष्टतः असहमतिको लागी। त्यस पछि, पोर्चुगलका गोलकिपर रिकार्डो (सम्भवतः समय खेर फालेकोमा) र लेफ्ट ब्याक नुनो भ्यालेन्टे (खराब फाउलको लागी) लाई सजाय दिइयो। फ्री किक दिएपछि पुनः सुरुमा ढिलाइ गरेकोमा डेकोले ७८ औं मिनेटमा दोस्रो कार्ड पाए र मैदान छाडे। ८८ औं मिनेटमा सिमियोले गोल गर्ने प्रयासमा उनको खुट्टाले नेदरल्याण्डका गोलकिपर [[इड्वीन भेन डर सार|इड्वीन भेन डर सर]]लाई लागेपछि इड्वीन भेन डर सर क्रोधित बने, यद्यपि रेफ्रीले कुनै अनुशासनात्मक कारबाही नगर्ने निर्णय गरे। इन्जुरी समयमा, टैगोमाथि फाउल गरेको मा भान ब्रोंकहर्स्ट दोस्रो पहेंलो कार्ड पाएर मैदानबाट निस्किए। <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/germany2006/results/matches/match=97410052/report.html|title=Match Report|date=25 June 2006|website=[[FIFA]]|accessdate=16 January 2008}}</ref> टेलिभिजन फुटेजमा खेलको दौरान एक दृश्य देखाइएको थियो जसमा बुलाहरूझ, देको र भान ब्रोंकहर्स्ट [[पेनाल्टी कार्ड|रातो कार्ड]] पाएर मैदान बाट निकालिएपछी सँगै बसिरहेका थिए, देको र भान ब्रोंकहर्स्ट एक आपसमा छलफल गरिरहेका थिए, दुबै स्पेनिश क्लब [[एफसी बार्सिलोना|बार्सिलोनामा]] सहपाठी थिए। कमेन्टेटर ग्यारी ब्लूमले दृश्यलाई "खराब केटाको अड्डा" उल्लेख गरे। == पछी == {{External media|float=right|video1=[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cFDoPRSnefE Battle of Nuremberg], YouTube video by FIFA}}म्याच पछि, [[फिफा]] अध्यक्ष [[सेप ब्लाटर]]ले रेफ्री इभानोभको आलोचना गरे, उनले इभानोभले रेफ्रीको कमजोर भूमिकाको लागि आफैले आफैलाई पहेंलो कार्ड दिनु पर्थ्यो भन्ने कुरा सुझाव दिए। <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/world_cup_2006/5116414.stm|title=Blatter criticises referee Ivanov|date=26 June 2006|work=[[BBC Sport]]|access-date=26 June 2006}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.eurosport.com/football/worldcup/2006/blatter-blast-for-ivanov_sto914102/story.shtml|title=Blatter blast for Ivanov|date=25 June 2006|work=[[Eurosport]]|access-date=14 June 2021}}</ref> ब्लाटरले पछि यी शब्दहरू प्रति खेद व्यक्त गरे र आधिकारिक रुपमा माफी माग्ने वाचा गरे। <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.oneindia.in/2006/07/04/blatter-regrets-criticism-of-referee-ivanov-1152018514.html|title=Blatter regrets criticism of referee Ivanov|date=4 July 2006|work=OneIndia News|access-date=26 December 2012}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220408083304/https://www.mykhel.com/football/blatter-regrets-criticism-of-referee-ivanov-019624.html |date=8 April 2022 }}</ref> फिफाले इभानोभले प्रतियोगितामा थप खेलमा रेफ्री नगर्ने घोषणा गर्यो। <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2006/SPORT/football/06/28/world.referees/index.html|title=Under-fire refs get World Cup boot|date=29 June 2006|website=CNN|accessdate=14 June 2021}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230812224713/http://edition.cnn.com/2006/SPORT/football/06/28/world.referees/index.html |date=12 August 2023 }}</ref> इवानोभका पिता भ्यालेन्टाइन इभानोभले आफ्नो छोराको बचाउ गर्दै "खेलाडीहरू प्रति कडा हुनु फिफाको माग थियो " बताए। <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2006/jun/27/worldcup2006.football|title=Red cards and recriminations: have refs gone too far this time?|last=Culf|first=Andrew|date=27 June 2006|work=The Guardian|access-date=14 June 2021}}</ref> क्वार्टरफाइनलमा पोर्चुगलको सामना [[इङ्ल्यान्ड राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|इंग्ल्याण्ड]]संग भयो, त्यो खेलमा पोर्चुगलको डेको र कोस्टिन्हा निलम्बित थिए। पोर्चुगल सेमिफाइनलमा पुग्न सफल भयो। जे होस्, उनीहरु दुई खेलाडी नेदरल्याण्ड्स बिरूद्ध सहित पहेँलो कार्ड जम्मा भएको कारण त्यो खेल को लागी निलम्बित थिए। == खेल विवरण == {| width="92%" |{{फुटबल जर्सी|pattern_la=_Brazil_home_2006|pattern_b=_porh06|pattern_ra=_Brazil_home_2006|pattern_so=_greentop|leftarm=900020|body=900020|rightarm=900020|shorts=900020|socks=900020|title=Portugal}} | {{फुटबल जर्सी|pattern_la=|pattern_b=_nether06a|pattern_ra=|leftarm=FFFFFF|body=FFFFFF|rightarm=FFFFFF|shorts=0047AB|socks=FFFFFF|title=Netherlands}} |} ==यो पनि हेर्नुहोस्== * [[२००६ फिफा विश्वकप|२००६ फिफा विश्वकप अनुशासनात्मक कीर्तिमान]] * [[बर्नको युद्ध]] * [[बोर्डोको युद्ध]] * [[ओल्ड ट्राफोर्डको युद्ध]] * [[सान्टियागोको लडाइँ (१९६२ फिफा विश्व कप)|सान्टियागोको लडाइँ]] * [[फिफा विश्वकप रेकर्डको सूची]] ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{reflist}} [[श्रेणी:२००६ फिफा विश्वकप]] [[श्रेणी:फिफा विश्वकपका खेलहरू]] l6r9rqyzubyex31csosk6xfplparajp 1366017 1366014 2026-07-14T10:15:04Z Saroj 31493 /* यो पनि हेर्नुहोस् */ // Edit via Wikiplus 1366017 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football match |title=नुरेम्बर्गको लडाइँ |date=२००६ जुन २५ |previous= |weather=बदली <br />{{convert|26|°C|°F}}<ref>{{cite web|title=History for Nurnberg, Germany |url=http://www.wunderground.com/history/airport/EDDN/2006/6/25/DailyHistory.html?req_city=NA&req_state=NA&req_statename=NA|publisher=wunderground.com|date=25 June 2006|accessdate=12 December 2016}}</ref>|attendance=41,000<ref name="bbcmatch">{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/world_cup_2006/4991538.stm|title=Portugal 1–0 Holland|work=[[BBC Sport]]|accessdate=19 June 2010|date=25 June 2006}}</ref> |referee=[[Valentin Ivanov (footballer, born 1961)|Valentin Ivanov]] ([[Russian Football Union|Russia]]) |man_of_the_match1a=[[Maniche]]<ref name="bbcmatch"/> |city=[[नुरेम्बर्ग]], [[जर्मनी]] |stadium= फ्रान्केनस्ट्याडियन |details= |image=[[File:Frankenstadion 1.JPG |200px]]|team2score=0 |team2association={{flagicon|NED|size=30px}} |team2=[[नेदरल्यान्ड राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|नेदरल्याण्ड्स]] |team1association={{flagicon|POR|size=30px}} |team1score=1 |team1=[[पोर्तगाल राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|पोर्चुगल]] |event=[[२००६ फिफा विश्वकप]] |caption=फ्रान्केनस्ट्याडियन रङ्गशाला |next= }} '''नुरेम्बर्गको लडाइँ''' ( {{Lang-pt|Batalha de Nuremberga}} , {{Lang-nl|Slag van Neurenberg}}; '''नुरेम्बर्गको नरसंहार''' भन्ने नामले पनि चिनिन्छ) २५ जुन २००६ मा [[२००६ फिफा विश्वकप|फिफा विश्वकपको]] अन्तिम १६ को न्युरेम्बरबर्गको फ्रान्केनस्ट्याडियनमा [[पोर्तगाल राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|पोर्चुगल]] र [[नेदरल्यान्ड राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|नेदरल्याण्ड्सको]] बीच भएको [[फुटबल खेल|फुटबल]] खेल हो।<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.spiegel.de/international/0,1518,423521,00.html|title=Portugal Defeats Holland at the Battle of Nuremberg|date=26 June 2006|website=[[Der Spiegel]]|accessdate=1 July 2010}}</ref> यो खेलमा [[रुस|रूसी]] रेफ्री भ्यालेन्टीन इभानोभले [[फिफा विश्वकप|फिफा वर्ल्ड कपको]] किर्तिमानी चार [[रातो कार्ड (फुटबल)|रातो कार्ड]] र १६ [[पेनाल्टी कार्ड|पहेंलो कार्ड]] दिएका दिएका थिए, जुन कुनै पनि [[फिफा]] मान्यता प्राप्त अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय प्रतियोगितामा देखाइएका कार्डको लागि नयाँ रेकर्ड कायम थियो। <ref name="abc">{{Cite web|url=http://www.abc.net.au/sport/columns/200607/s1681791.htm|title=Fair play takes a dive|date=8 July 2006|website=[[ABC Sport]]|accessdate=16 January 2008}}</ref> ==पृष्ठभुमि == [[पोर्तगाल राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|पोर्चुगल]] र [[नेदरल्यान्ड राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|नेदरल्याण्ड्स]]को [[पोर्तगाल|पोर्चुगल]] मा आयोजित [[यूइएफए यूरो २००४|यूईएफए यूरो २००४]] मा सेमीफाइनलमा भेट भएको थियो। त्यस खेलमा आयोजक पोर्चुगलले २-१ ले जितेको थियो।<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.uefa.com/news/newsid=203251.html|title=Maniche has final say against Oranje|date=1 July 2004|website=UEFA|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171111125619/http://www.uefa.com/news/newsid=203251.html|archivedate=11 November 2017|accessdate=27 June 2018}}</ref> तर उनीहरू बीच समान दुश्मनी देखाइएको थिएन। त्यस खेलमा सहभागी कुल पाँच डच र एघार पुर्तगाली खेलाडीहरू न्युरेम्बरबर्गको मैदानमा पनि थिए। == खेल == === पहिलो हाफ === दोस्रो मिनेटमा मार्क भ्यान बोमेललाई पहेंलो कार्ड दिइयो, र गोल हुनु अघि डच डिफेन्डर खालिद बोउलाउउजलाई पनि फाउलमा पहेंलो कार्ड दिइयो, उनले [[क्रिस्टियानो रोनाल्डो|क्रिस्टियानो रोनाल्डो]]लाई घाइते फल गरेका थिए र पोर्चुगिज स्टार विंगर हाफ टाइम अगाडी नै सब्टिच्युट हुन पर्‍यो। रोनाल्डोले आँखा भरी आँसुमा मैदान छाडे, र बोलाउरोजको ट्याकललाई " घाइते तुल्याउने मनसायले जानीजानी खराब नियत" भनेर वर्णन गरे।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.breakingnews.ie/sport/soccer/ronaldo-cries-foul-265008.html|title=Ronaldo cries foul|date=26 June 2006|website=[[breakingnews.ie]]|accessdate=1 July 2010}}</ref> त्यतिन्जेल, १९ मिनेट पछी मनिचेलाई भ्यान बोम्मेलमाथि फल गरेकोमा कार्ड दिइयो। गोलको केही बेरपछि पोर्चुगलका रक्षात्मक मिडफिल्डर कोस्टिन्हाले डच अनुभवी फिलिप कोकु माथि ट्याकल गरेकाले पहेँलो कार्ड पाए। त्यसपछि उनलाई ह्यान्डबलको लागि दोस्रो पहेँलो कार्ड देखाइएपछि हाफ टाइम भन्दा पहिले मैदान छोड्नु पर्यो। === दोस्रो भाग === ५० औं मिनेटमा पेटिटलाई पहेंलो कार्ड दिइयो। मार्क भान बोमेल संग टचलाइन झगडामा फिगोले उसलाई हेडबुट गरेपछी [[जियोभानी भान ब्रोन्कहर्स्ट]] र [[लुइस फिगो]] दुवैले पहेँलो कार्ड पाएका थिए।<ref name="guardian" /> <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/figo-escapes-ban-6097105.html|title=Figo escapes ban|last=Ziegler|first=Martyn|work=The Independent|access-date=28 February 2018}}</ref> पोर्चुगलका प्रशिक्षक लुइज फेलिप स्कोलारीले विवादास्पद रूपमा यो हेडबटलाई स्वीकृति दिए र म्याच पछि "[[यशू ख्रिष्ट|येशू ख्रीष्ट]] अर्को गाला थाप्न सक्छन् तर लुइस फिगो येशू ख्रीष्ट होइन।" भन्दै बचाउ गरे। <ref name="guardian">{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2006/jun/26/worldcup2006.match3|title=Holland exit in acrimony as four see red|last=Walker|first=Michael|date=26 June 2006|work=The Guardian|access-date=26 April 2010}}</ref> खलिद बुलाहरूझले फिगोलाई फाउल गरेपछी दोस्रो पहेंलो कार्ड पाएर उनले ६३औं मिनेटमा मैदान छाडे। अन एक Melee sparked जो फिगो, पछि दोस्रो सावधानी संग 63rd मिनेट बन्द पठाइएको थियो स्पर्श-लाइन Boulahrouz (सामना गर्ने मुछिएको, Simão ), André Ooijer र पोर्चुगिज पीठ, चौथो आधिकारिक को हस्तक्षेप necessitating मार्को रोड्रिग्वेज । पोर्चुगलका प्लेमेकर डेकोले डच डिफेन्डर जोन हेइटिङ्ग लाई खराब फाउल गरे र पहेंलो कार्ड पाए; एक खेलाडीको उपचार भइरहेको बेलामा खेल सुचारु गर्न नेदरल्याण्ड्सले बल फिर्ता दिएन, यस प्रकार फुटबलको एक अलिखित नियम तोडिएको थियो। अर्को झगडामा, [[वेस्ली स्नेइडर]] ले पेटिट लाई भुइँमा धकेले र उनलाई कार्ड दिइयो। नेदरल्याण्ड्सका राफेल भान डेर वार्टले पहेँलो कार्ड पाएका थिए, स्पष्टतः असहमतिको लागी। त्यस पछि, पोर्चुगलका गोलकिपर रिकार्डो (सम्भवतः समय खेर फालेकोमा) र लेफ्ट ब्याक नुनो भ्यालेन्टे (खराब फाउलको लागी) लाई सजाय दिइयो। फ्री किक दिएपछि पुनः सुरुमा ढिलाइ गरेकोमा डेकोले ७८ औं मिनेटमा दोस्रो कार्ड पाए र मैदान छाडे। ८८ औं मिनेटमा सिमियोले गोल गर्ने प्रयासमा उनको खुट्टाले नेदरल्याण्डका गोलकिपर [[इड्वीन भेन डर सार|इड्वीन भेन डर सर]]लाई लागेपछि इड्वीन भेन डर सर क्रोधित बने, यद्यपि रेफ्रीले कुनै अनुशासनात्मक कारबाही नगर्ने निर्णय गरे। इन्जुरी समयमा, टैगोमाथि फाउल गरेको मा भान ब्रोंकहर्स्ट दोस्रो पहेंलो कार्ड पाएर मैदानबाट निस्किए। <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/germany2006/results/matches/match=97410052/report.html|title=Match Report|date=25 June 2006|website=[[FIFA]]|accessdate=16 January 2008}}</ref> टेलिभिजन फुटेजमा खेलको दौरान एक दृश्य देखाइएको थियो जसमा बुलाहरूझ, देको र भान ब्रोंकहर्स्ट [[पेनाल्टी कार्ड|रातो कार्ड]] पाएर मैदान बाट निकालिएपछी सँगै बसिरहेका थिए, देको र भान ब्रोंकहर्स्ट एक आपसमा छलफल गरिरहेका थिए, दुबै स्पेनिश क्लब [[एफसी बार्सिलोना|बार्सिलोनामा]] सहपाठी थिए। कमेन्टेटर ग्यारी ब्लूमले दृश्यलाई "खराब केटाको अड्डा" उल्लेख गरे। == पछी == {{External media|float=right|video1=[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cFDoPRSnefE Battle of Nuremberg], YouTube video by FIFA}}म्याच पछि, [[फिफा]] अध्यक्ष [[सेप ब्लाटर]]ले रेफ्री इभानोभको आलोचना गरे, उनले इभानोभले रेफ्रीको कमजोर भूमिकाको लागि आफैले आफैलाई पहेंलो कार्ड दिनु पर्थ्यो भन्ने कुरा सुझाव दिए। <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/world_cup_2006/5116414.stm|title=Blatter criticises referee Ivanov|date=26 June 2006|work=[[BBC Sport]]|access-date=26 June 2006}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.eurosport.com/football/worldcup/2006/blatter-blast-for-ivanov_sto914102/story.shtml|title=Blatter blast for Ivanov|date=25 June 2006|work=[[Eurosport]]|access-date=14 June 2021}}</ref> ब्लाटरले पछि यी शब्दहरू प्रति खेद व्यक्त गरे र आधिकारिक रुपमा माफी माग्ने वाचा गरे। <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.oneindia.in/2006/07/04/blatter-regrets-criticism-of-referee-ivanov-1152018514.html|title=Blatter regrets criticism of referee Ivanov|date=4 July 2006|work=OneIndia News|access-date=26 December 2012}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220408083304/https://www.mykhel.com/football/blatter-regrets-criticism-of-referee-ivanov-019624.html |date=8 April 2022 }}</ref> फिफाले इभानोभले प्रतियोगितामा थप खेलमा रेफ्री नगर्ने घोषणा गर्यो। <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2006/SPORT/football/06/28/world.referees/index.html|title=Under-fire refs get World Cup boot|date=29 June 2006|website=CNN|accessdate=14 June 2021}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230812224713/http://edition.cnn.com/2006/SPORT/football/06/28/world.referees/index.html |date=12 August 2023 }}</ref> इवानोभका पिता भ्यालेन्टाइन इभानोभले आफ्नो छोराको बचाउ गर्दै "खेलाडीहरू प्रति कडा हुनु फिफाको माग थियो " बताए। <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2006/jun/27/worldcup2006.football|title=Red cards and recriminations: have refs gone too far this time?|last=Culf|first=Andrew|date=27 June 2006|work=The Guardian|access-date=14 June 2021}}</ref> क्वार्टरफाइनलमा पोर्चुगलको सामना [[इङ्ल्यान्ड राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|इंग्ल्याण्ड]]संग भयो, त्यो खेलमा पोर्चुगलको डेको र कोस्टिन्हा निलम्बित थिए। पोर्चुगल सेमिफाइनलमा पुग्न सफल भयो। जे होस्, उनीहरु दुई खेलाडी नेदरल्याण्ड्स बिरूद्ध सहित पहेँलो कार्ड जम्मा भएको कारण त्यो खेल को लागी निलम्बित थिए। == खेल विवरण == {| width="92%" |{{फुटबल जर्सी|pattern_la=_Brazil_home_2006|pattern_b=_porh06|pattern_ra=_Brazil_home_2006|pattern_so=_greentop|leftarm=900020|body=900020|rightarm=900020|shorts=900020|socks=900020|title=Portugal}} | {{फुटबल जर्सी|pattern_la=|pattern_b=_nether06a|pattern_ra=|leftarm=FFFFFF|body=FFFFFF|rightarm=FFFFFF|shorts=0047AB|socks=FFFFFF|title=Netherlands}} |} ==यो पनि हेर्नुहोस्== * [[२००६ फिफा विश्वकप|२००६ फिफा विश्वकप अनुशासनात्मक कीर्तिमान]] * [[बर्नको युद्ध]] * [[बोर्डोको युद्ध]] * [[ओल्ड ट्राफोर्डको युद्ध]] * [[सान्तियागोको लडाइँ (१९६२ फिफा विश्वकप)|सान्तियागोको लडाइँ]] * [[फिफा विश्वकप रेकर्डको सूची]] ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{reflist}} [[श्रेणी:२००६ फिफा विश्वकप]] [[श्रेणी:फिफा विश्वकपका खेलहरू]] shlc81enmvd6qq5qc0ky5ks6qccv0bw 0 125535 1365967 1094425 2026-07-14T06:17:16Z Bishaldev100 28807 1365967 wikitext text/x-wiki [[चित्र:Orbán_Viktor_2018.jpg|thumb| भिक्टर ओर्बान]] '''भिक्टर मिहाली ओर्बान''' <ref>[http://www.origo.hu/itthon/20121220-a-story-osszeallitasa-33-dolog-amit-nem-tudunk-orban-viktorrol.html Orbánnak kiütötték az első két fogát] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180614221248/http://www.origo.hu/itthon/20121220-a-story-osszeallitasa-33-dolog-amit-nem-tudunk-orban-viktorrol.html|date=14 जून 2018}}, ''Origo'', 20 December 2012; accessed 30 August 2012</ref> (जन्म: ३१ मे १९६३) [[हङ्गेरी|हंगेरी]]का राजनीतिज्ञ हुन्। उनी [[हङ्गेरी|हंगेरीका]] पूर्व प्रधानमन्त्री हुन्। ओर्बान २०१० देखि २०२६ सम्म [[हङ्गेरी|हंगेरीका]] प्रधानमन्त्रीको कुर्सीमा छन्। उनले सन् १९९८ देखि २००२ सम्म पनि प्रधानमन्त्रीको रुपमा पनि काम गरेका थिए । उनी [[पुरातनवाद|पुरातनवादी]] फिदेस्ज (Fidesz) [[संसदीय दलको नेता|पार्टीको नेता]] हुन्, जुन पदमा उनी २००३ देखि र यसअघि १९९३ बाट २००० सम्म आसिन थिए। ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{reflist}} [[श्रेणी:जीवित मानिसहरू]] [[श्रेणी:सन् १९६३ मा जन्म]] [[श्रेणी:हङ्गेरीका प्रधानमन्त्रीहरू]] hq2kf50ou9lpkcqfecv6yi8msat6t3e 1 127430 1365948 1083047 2026-07-14T05:04:39Z पर्वत सुवेदी 31224 https://fountain.toolforge.org/editathons/wikiwomen-editathon-2026 1365948 wikitext text/x-wiki {{विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०२६}} {{विकिपरियोजना हिन्दू धर्म}} l6vteleopc5kf5wisi7wqm1pc4wtwpe 0 128705 1366003 1365461 2026-07-14T09:19:45Z हिमाल सुवेदी 30817 /* */ 1366003 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = जान्नी इन्फान्तिनो | native_name = Gianni Infantino | image = Gianni Infantino 2019.jpg | caption = सन् २०१८ मा इन्फान्तिनो | office = फिफा अध्यक्ष | vice_president = एन्जेल मारिया भिल्लर<br />डेभिड चुङ<br />सलमान बिन इब्राहिम अल-खलिफा | term_start = २६ फेब्रुअरी २०१६ | term_end = | predecessor = [[इसा हायातोउ]] {{small|(कार्यकारी)}} | successor = | birth_name = जोभान्नी भिन्सेन्जो इन्फान्तिनो | birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=y|1970|3|23}}<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200921061531/https://www.fifa.com/who-we-are/the-president/gianni-infantino/ FIFA.com]</ref> | birth_place = ब्रिग-ग्लिस, भेलास, स्विजरल्यान्ड | death_date = | death_place = | awards = [[File:Orden of Friendship.png|25px]] अर्डर अफ फ्रेन्डसिप | spouse = लिना अल अस्कर | children = ४ | alma_mater = फ्राइबर्ग विश्वविद्यालय | signature = Gianni Infantino autograph.svg }} '''जोभान्नी भिन्सेन्जो इन्फान्तिनो (Giovanni Vincenzo Infantino)''' ( {{IPA-it|dʒoˈvanni vinˈtʃɛntso iɱfanˈtiːno}} ; जन्म २३ मार्च १९७०) स्विस-इटालेली<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.uefa.org/about-uefa/news/newsid=942561.html|title=Gianni Infantino|date=8 January 2010|website=UEFA.com|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150116221330/http://www.uefa.org/about-uefa/news/newsid%3D942561.html|archivedate=16 January 2015|accessdate=26 February 2016}}</ref><ref name="FIFA_president">{{Cite news|url=https://www.fifa.com/about-fifa/news/y=2016/m=2/news=gianni-infantino-elected-fifa-president-2767180.html|title=Gianni Infantino elected FIFA President|date=26 February 2016|access-date=26 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160227072841/http://www.fifa.com/about-fifa/news/y=2016/m=2/news=gianni-infantino-elected-fifa-president-2767180.html|archive-date=27 February 2016|publisher=FIFA.com}}</ref> [[फुटबल खेल|फुटबल]] प्रशासक तथा [[फिफा]]का वर्तमान अध्यक्ष हुन्। सन् २०१६ को फेब्रुअरीमा भएको फिफाको विशेष अधिवेशनबाट उनी अध्यक्षमा निर्वाचित भएका थिए। उनी २०१९ जुन मा पुनः फिफा अध्यक्षको रुपमा निर्वाचित भएका थिए।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/about-fifa/who-we-are/news/gianni-infantino-is-re-elected-as-fifa-president-until-2023|title=Who We Are – News – Gianni Infantino is re-elected as FIFA President until 2023|website=FIFA|accessdate=5 June 2019}}</ref> जनवरी २०२० मा, उनी अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय ओलम्पिक समितिको सदस्य निर्वाचित भएका थिए। <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.olympic.org/news/ioc-session-elects-three-new-members|title=IOC Session elects three new Members – Olympic News|date=10 January 2020|website=International Olympic Committee|accessdate=10 January 2020}}</ref> == बाल्यकाल == इन्फान्तिनोको जन्म २३ मार्च १९७० मा <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.uefa.org/about-uefa/news/newsid=942561.html|title=Gianni Infantino|date=8 January 2010|website=UEFA.com|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150116221330/http://www.uefa.org/about-uefa/news/newsid%3D942561.html|archivedate=16 January 2015|accessdate=26 February 2016}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://web.archive.org/web/20150116221330/http://www.uefa.org/about-uefa/news/newsid%3D942561.html "Gianni Infantino"]. ''UEFA.com''. 8 January 2010. Archived from [http://www.uefa.org/about-uefa/news/newsid=942561.html the original] on 16 January 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite></ref> ब्रिग, स्विट्जरल्यान्डमा भएको थियो। <ref name="fifapresprofile">{{Cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/who-we-are/fifa-president/gianni-infantino/|title=The President – Gianni Infantino|website=FIFA|accessdate=22 December 2020}}</ref> उनी क्यालाब्रिया र लोम्बार्डीका इटालेली आप्रवासी आमाबाबुको छोरा थिए।। <ref name="sportmediaset">{{Cite web|url=http://www.sportmediaset.mediaset.it/calcio/calcio/infantino-l-avvocato-di-origini-calabresi-che-tifava-inter_1090615-201602a.shtml|title=Infantino, l'avvocato di origini calabresi che tifava Inter|date=26 February 2016|publisher=sportmediaset.it|language=it}}</ref> उनले फ्राइबर्ग विश्वविद्यालयमा कानूनको अध्ययन गरे। <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2016/feb/26/gianni-infantino-fifa-president|title=Everything you need to know about Gianni Infantino, the new Fifa president|date=26 February 2016|website=The Guardian|accessdate=27 February 2016}}</ref> उनी [[इटालेली भाषा|इटालियन]], [[स्पेनी भाषा|स्पेनिश]], [[फ्रान्सेली भाषा|फ्रेन्च]] र [[जर्मनेली भाषा|जर्मन]]मा धाराप्रवाह छन्, र [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अंग्रेजी]], [[पोर्तगाली भाषा|पोर्तुगाली]] र [[अरबी भाषा|अरबी]] पनि बोल्छन्। <ref name="fifapresprofile" /> == करियर == इन्फान्टिनोले "युनिभर्सिटी अफ न्युचटेल"मा इन्टरनेशनल सेन्टर फर स्पोर्ट्स स्टडिजको महासचिवको रूपमा काम गरेका थिए। <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.uefa.org/about-uefa/news/newsid=942561.html|title=Gianni Infantino|date=8 January 2010|website=UEFA.com|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150116221330/http://www.uefa.org/about-uefa/news/newsid%3D942561.html|archivedate=16 January 2015|accessdate=26 February 2016}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://web.archive.org/web/20150116221330/http://www.uefa.org/about-uefa/news/newsid%3D942561.html "Gianni Infantino"]. ''UEFA.com''. 8 January 2010. Archived from [http://www.uefa.org/about-uefa/news/newsid=942561.html the original] on 16 January 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite></ref> === युएफा === इन्फान्टिनोले अगस्ट २००० मा [[युरोपेली फुटबल महासङ्घ]] मा(युएफा) काम गर्न थाले र जनवरी २००४ मा युएफाको कानूनी मामिला र क्लब लाइसेन्सिङ डिभिजनको निर्देशकको रूपमा नियुक्त भए। उनी २००७ मा युएफाको उपमहासचिव र अक्टोबर २००९ मा युएफाको महासचिव बनेका थिए।<ref name=":02" /><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=26 October 2015 |title=UEFA Executive Committee supports UEFA General Secretary Gianni Infantino for FIFA presidency |url=http://www.uefa.org/about-uefa/news/newsid=2299017.html |access-date=26 February 2016 |website=[[UEFA]]}}</ref> त्यहाँ रहँदा, युएफाले वित्तीय निष्पक्ष खेलको सुरुवात गर्‍यो र साना राष्ट्रिय संघहरूलाई व्यावसायिक सहयोगमा सुधार ल्यायो।<ref name=":2" /> इन्फान्टिनोले युएफा [[युइएफए युरो २०१६|युरो २०१६]] लाई २४ टोलीमा विस्तार गरे<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/02/25/sports/soccer/gianni-infantino-fifa-president-election.html|title=In FIFA Pitch, Gianni Infantino Pushes Expansion and Continuity|last=Borden|first=Sam|date=24 February 2016|newspaper=The New York Times|access-date=26 February 2016|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> र युएफा नेशन्स लिग र युएफा [[युइएफए युरो २०२०|युरो २०२०]] को अवधारणामा भूमिका खेले, जुन संख्या ११ मा घटाउनु अघि १३ युरोपेली राष्ट्रहरूमा हुने उद्देश्यले गरिएको थियो।<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 January 2013 |title=Thirteen cities to host UEFA EURO 2020 |url=http://www.uefa.com/uefaeuro-2020/news/newsid=1913839.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140604110029/http://www.uefa.com/uefaeuro-2020/news/newsid=1913839.html |archive-date=4 June 2014 |access-date=26 February 2016 |website=[[UEFA]]}}</ref> === फिफा === [[चित्र:Vladimir_Putin_(2018-06-13)_06.jpg|thumb| इन्फान्टिनो [[रुसको राष्ट्रपति|रुसी राष्ट्रपति]] [[भ्लादिमिर पुटिन|भ्लादिमिर पुटिनसँग]] ६८औँ फिफा कांग्रेस, १३ जुन २०१८ मा]] [[चित्र:2018_FIFA_World_Cup_opening_ceremony_(2018-06-14)_29.jpg|thumb| इन्फान्टिनो [[मोहम्मद बिन सलमान]], [[निकोलस सारकोजी|निकोलस सार्कोजी]] र जुआन कार्लोस भेरेलासँग रुसमा [[२०१८ फिफा विश्वकप|फिफा विश्वकपमा]], १४ जुन २०१८]] [[चित्र:President_Trump_Departs_for_North_Carolina_(48708002696)_(cropped).jpg|thumb| २०१९मा [[अमेरिकाको राष्ट्रपति|अमेरिकी राष्ट्रपति]] [[डोनाल्ड ट्रम्प]]सँग इन्फान्तिनो]] ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} {{टिप्पणीसूची}} [[श्रेणी:जीवित मानिसहरू]] [[श्रेणी:सन् १९७० मा जन्म]] [[श्रेणी:फिफा अध्यक्षहरू]] d3e85k956z8iyps2y1zn33u41fjhnlm 0 128706 1365982 1101828 2026-07-14T07:00:36Z पर्वत सुवेदी 31224 /* */ 1365982 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[जान्नी इन्फान्तिनो]] oht1i9i22fl4qt7ry5gt4wal0gn024v 0 129205 1366020 1199684 2026-07-14T11:24:10Z Saroj 31493 +विकिकडी जोडियो 1366020 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football match | title = २०२२ फिफा विश्वकप फाइनल | image = ARG Line-up - ARG vs MEX for 2022 FIFA WC.jpg | image_size = 250 | caption = फिफा विश्वकपको लागि अर्जेनटिनी खेलाडी समूह | event = [[२०२२ फिफा विश्वकप]] | team1 = [[अर्जेन्टिना राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|अर्जेन्टिना]] | team1association = {{flagdeco|ARG|size=30px}} | team1score = ३ | team2 = [[फ्रान्स राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|फ्रान्स]] | team2association = {{flagdeco|FRA|size=30px}} | team2score = ३ | details = [[अतिरिक्त समय (खेल)#फुटबल खेल|अतिरिक्त समय]] पछि<br />[[पेनाल्टी-सुटआउट|पेनाल्टी]]मा अर्जेन्टिना ४–२ ले विजयी | date = {{Start date|2022|12|18|df=y}} | stadium = [[लुसेल स्टेडियम]] | city = [[लुसेल]] | man_of_the_match1a = [[लियोनेल मेसी]] (अर्जेन्टिना) | referee = [[साइमन मार्सिनियाक]] ([[पोलिस फुटबल सङ्घ|पोल्यान्ड]]) | attendance = ८८,९६६ | weather = आंशिक बादल<br />{{convert|22|°C|°F|abbr=on}}<br />६४% [[आद्रता]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/match-centre/match/17/255711/285077/400128145 |title=FIFA World Cup – Final – Argentina v France |publisher=[[FIFA]] |date=18 December 2022 |access-date=18 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.wunderground.com/history/daily/qa/lusail/OTHH |title=Doha, Qatar Weather History |publisher=[[Weather Underground (weather service)|Weather Underground]] |date=18 December 2022 |access-date=18 December 2022}}</ref> | previous = [[२०१८ फिफा विश्वकप फाइनल|२०१८]] | next = ''[[२०२६ फिफा विश्वकप फाइनल|२०२६]]'' }} '''२०२२ फिफा विश्वकप फाइनल''' खेल सन् २०२२ डिसेम्बर १८ का दिन [[कतार]]को [[लुसेल]] सहर अवस्थित [[लुसेल स्टेडियम]]मा [[अर्जेन्टिना राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|अर्जेन्टिना]] र [[फ्रान्स राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|फ्रान्स]]बीच सम्पन्न भएको थियो। यो [[फुटबल खेल|फुटबल]] खेल [[२०२२ फिफा विश्वकप]]को समापन खेल रहेको थियो। यो [[पुरुष राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोलीहरूको सूची|पुरुष राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोलीहरू]] सम्मिलित [[फिफा विश्वकप]] प्रतियोगिताको २२औँ संस्करणको फाइनल खेल थियो। यो फाइनल खेल हेर्न रङ्गशालामा ८८,९६६ समर्थकहरूको उपस्थिति दर्ज गरिएको थियो।<ref name="Goff 2022">{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/sports/2022/12/18/argentina-lionel-messi-world-cup-win/|title=Lionel Messi earns World Cup glory as Argentina tops France in a chaotic, captivating final|last=Goff|first=Steven|date=18 December 2022|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|access-date=18 December 2022|author-link=Steven Goff}}</ref> यो खेललाई [[पोल्यान्ड]]का रेफरी [[साइमन मार्सिनियाक]]ले सञ्चालन गरेका थिए। अर्जेन्टिनाले पहिलो हाफमा [[लियोनेल मेसी]] र [[एन्जेल डी मारिया]]को गोलले २-० को अग्रता लिएको थियो तर फ्रान्सका लागि [[किलियन एम्बाप्पे]]को [[ह्याट्रिक#फुटबल|ह्याट्रिक]] र अर्जेन्टिनाका लागि लियोनेल मेसीको थप एक गोलले खेल [[अतिरिक्त (खेल)#%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B2 %E0%A4%96%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2|अतिरिक्त समय]]मा ३–३ गोलको बराबरीमा सकिएको थियो। अर्जेन्टिनाले त्यसपछिको [[पेनाल्टी-सुटआउट|पेनाल्टी सुटआउट]]मा ४–२ ले खेल जितेर तेस्रो र सन् [[१९८६ फिफा विश्वकप|१९८६]] पछि पहिलो पटक फिफा विश्वकपको उपाधि जितेको थियो। खेललाई यसको ब्याक-एन्ड-फोर्थ प्रकृतिको लागि प्रशंसा गरिएको थियो<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espn.com/sports/soccer/story/_/id/35265380/argentina-france-live-updates-world-cup-final-2022|title=2022 World Cup final: Argentina vs. France highlights and reactions|date=18 December 2022|publisher=ESPN|access-date=18 December 2022}}</ref> र केही पत्रकारहरूले यसलाई हालसम्म सम्पन्न भएका उत्कृष्ट [[फिफा विश्वकप फाइनल]]हरू मध्ये एक मानेका थिए।<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espn.com/sports/soccer/story/_/id/35265380/argentina-france-live-updates-world-cup-final-2022|title=2022 World Cup final: Argentina vs. France highlights and reactions|date=18 December 2022 |publisher=ESPN|access-date=18 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.si.com/fannation/soccer/futbol/video/argentina-beat-france-on-penalties-in-best-world-cup-final-ever|title=Argentina beat France on penalties in best World Cup Final ever|publisher=Sports Illustrated|first=Robert|last=Summerscales|date=18 December 2022|access-date=18 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.irishmirror.ie/sport/soccer/damien-duff-declares-world-cup-28763902|title=Damien Duff declares World Cup final the 'best final ever' on RTE|date=18 December 2022 |publisher=Irish Mirror|access-date=18 December 2022}}</ref> ==पृष्ठभूमि== [[२०१८ फिफा विश्वकप]] विजेता राष्ट्र [[फ्रान्स राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|फ्रान्स]]ले लगातार दुई संस्करणको फिफा विश्वकपको फाइनलमा आफ्नो उपस्थिति तथा उपाधि विजेता राष्ट्रले फाइनल खेल खेल्ने कीर्तिमान बनाउन सफल भएको थियो। यो दुवै कीर्तिमानहरू यसभन्दा पहिले [[ब्राजिल राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|ब्राजिल]]ले [[१९९८ फिफा विश्वकप]] र [[२००२ फिफा विश्वकप]]को फाइनल खेलेर बनाउन सफल भएको थियो। फ्रान्सले सन् [[१९९८ फिफा विश्वकप]] र सन् २०१८ गरी दुई वटा फिफा विश्वकप जितेको छ। फ्रान्सले [[२००६ फिफा विश्वकप]]को फाइनलसम्मको यात्रा तय गरेको भएता पनि पेनाल्टीमा [[इटाली राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|इटाली]]सँग पराजित भएको थियो। [[दिदिया देशँ]]को व्यवस्थापनमा, जसले खेलाडीको रूपमा सन् १९९८ को फिफा विश्वकप प्रतियोगिता जितेको थियो, फ्रान्सेली टोलीले [[२०१४ फिफा विश्वकप]], [[युइएफए युरो २०१६]] र [[युइएफए युरो २०२०|२०२०]] को उपाधि जित्न असफल भएको थियो तर २०१८ को फिफा विश्वकपको उपाधि सफलतापूर्वक जित्न सफल भएको थियो।<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/28051800|title=France 0–1 Germany|work=BBC Sport|access-date=15 December 2022|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/11/sports/soccer/euro-2016-portugal-loses-ronaldo-but-defeats-france-in-extra-time.html|title=At Euro 2016 Final, Portugal Loses Ronaldo but Defeats France|last=Borden|first=Sam|date=10 July 2016|work=The New York Times|access-date=15 December 2022|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> विश्व विजेताको स्थितिको कारण उपाधि जित्न सक्ने मनपर्ने टोलीहरू मध्ये एकको रूपमा फ्रान्सले कतार प्रवेश गरेको थियो।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.standard.co.uk/sport/football/rating-world-cup-2022-favourites-brazil-argentina-france-b1040897.html|title=Rating the World Cup favourites: Brazil, Argentina and France|last=Collings|first=Simon|date=18 November 2022|website=Evening Standard|language=en|access-date=15 December 2022}}</ref> सन् [[१९३४ फिफा विश्वकप|१९३४]] र [[१९३८ फिफा विश्वकप|१९३८]] मा इटाली र सन् [[१९५८ फिफा विश्वकप|१९५८]] र [[१९६२ फिफा विश्वकप|१९६२]] मा ब्राजिलले फिफा विश्वकपको उपाधि सफलतापूर्वक रक्षा गरिसकेकोले उक्त उपलब्धिको अनुकरण गर्ने फ्रान्सेली टोलीले लक्ष्य राखेको थियो। सन् [[१९३४ फिफा विश्वकप|१९३४]] र [[१९३८ फिफा विश्वकप|१९३८]] मा इटालीको [[भितोरियो पोज्जो]]पछि दुई पुरुष फिफा विश्वकप उपाधि जित्ने दोस्रो व्यवस्थापक बन्ने प्रयासमा दिदिया देशँ थिए।<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/articles/who-is-vittorio-pozzo-french-world-cup-coach-didier-deschamps-is-trying-to-emulate|title=Who is Vittorio Pozzo French World Cup coach Didier Deschamps is trying to emulate|publisher=FIFA|access-date=14 December 2022}}</ref> एउटा खेलाडीको रूपमा सन् १९९८ को फिफा विश्वकप प्रतियोगिता जितेर, देशँले ब्राजिलका दिग्गज [[पेले]] (खेलाडीको रूपमा) र [[मारियो जागालो]] (खेलाडीको रूपमा दुई र व्यवस्थापकको रूपमा एक) पछि तीनवटा फिफा विश्वकप उपाधि जित्ने तेस्रो व्यक्ति बन्न खोजिरहेका थिए।<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rsssf.org/miscellaneous/wcwinners.html|title=World Cup Champions Squads 1930–2018|date=15 September 2021|publisher=[[RSSSF]]|access-date=14 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.si.com/soccer/2018/07/15/world-cup-wins-manager-player-zagallo-beckenbauer-deschamps|title=Didier Deschamps Becomes Third to Win World Cup as Player and Manager|last1=West|first1=Jenna|date=15 July 2018|work=Sports Illustrated|access-date=16 July 2018}}</ref> फ्रान्स जस्तै [[अर्जेन्टिना राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|अर्जेन्टिना]]ले यसअघि सन् [[१९७८ फिफा विश्वकप|१९७८]] र [[१९८६ फिफा विश्वकप|१९८६]] मा दुई पटक विश्वकप जितेको थियो।<ref name="RSSSF">{{cite web|url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesw/worldcup.html|title=World Cup 1930–2022|date=1 December 2022|publisher=[[RSSSF]]|access-date=18 December 2022}}</ref> अर्जेन्टिनाले सन् [[१९३० फिफा विश्वकप|१९३०]], [[१९९० फिफा विश्वकप|१९९०]] र [[२०१४ फिफा विश्वकप|२०१४]] गरी तीन पटक फाइनलसम्मको यात्रा तय गरेको भएता पनि उपाधि जित्न असफल रहेको थियो। सन् २०१४ को फाइनलमा पराजित भएपछि अर्जेन्टिना सन् [[२०१५ कोपा अमेरिका|२०१५]] र [[२०१६ कोपा अमेरिका|२०१६]] मा [[चिली राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|चिली]]सँग लगातार दुई [[कोपा अमेरिका]]को फाइनलमा पराजित भएको थियो। सन् २०१८ को फिफा विश्वकपको नकआउट चरणमा उपाधि विजेता फ्रान्ससँग पराजित भएर निराशाजनक प्रदर्शन गरेको अर्जेन्टिनी टोलीले [[२०१९ कोपा अमेरिका]] प्रतियोगितामा तेस्रो स्थानमा चित्त बुझाएको थियो।<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.theguardian.com/football/live/2019/jul/02/brazil-v-argentina-copa-america-live|title=Brazil 2–0 Argentina: Copa América semi-final – as it happened|last=Brewin|first=John|date=3 July 2019|website=The Guardian}}</ref> नवनियुक्त प्रशिक्षक [[लियोनेल स्कालोनी]]ले अर्जेन्टिनालाई २८ वर्षमा पहिलो अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय उपाधि जिताउन सफल नेतृत्व गरेका थिए। [[२०२१ कोपा अमेरिका]]को फाइनलमा ब्राजिललाई १-० ले हराएर कप्तान [[लियोनेल मेसी]]ले अर्जेन्टिनालाई आफ्नो नेतृत्वमा पहिलो अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय उपाधि दिलाउन सफल भएका थिए।<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.theguardian.com/football/2021/jul/10/argentina-brazil-copa-america-final-lionel-messi|title=Argentina stun Brazil in Copa América final to end 28-year trophy drought|date=11 July 2021|website=The Guardian}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/lifestyle/sports/argentina-beat-brazil-1-0-win-copa-america-2021-07-11/|title=Argentina beat Brazil 1–0 to win Copa America, 1st major title in 28 yrs|date=11 July 2021|publisher=Reuters}}</ref> [[युइएफए युरो २०२०|युरोपेली विजेता]] इटालीलाई ३-०<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.foxsports.com.au/football/world-cup/finalissima-2022-argentina-beat-italy-after-lionel-messi-masterclass-qatar-2022-world-cup-news-scores-results-video-highlights/news-story/fe85ebdd179a2c7e10c7d9abbf8c91a3|title=Messi echoes Maradona in masterclass as Argentina sends epic World Cup statement|date=1 June 2022|website=Fox Sports}}</ref> ले हराएर [[२०२२ फिनालिजजिमा]] जितेर अर्जेन्टिना कतारमा आयोजना गरिएको फिफा विश्वकप जित्न सक्ने मनपर्ने टोलीहरू मध्ये एकको रूपमा प्रवेश गरेको थियो।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.eurosport.com/football/world-cup/2022/argentina-are-favourites-for-world-cup-2022-win-in-qatar-with-happy-lionel-messi-says-joe-cole_sto9238695/story.shtml|title=Argentina are favourites for World Cup 2022 win in Qatar with 'happy' Lionel Messi, says Joe Cole|date=22 November 2022|website=Eurosport}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/lifestyle/sports/world-cup-2022-betting-odds-which-team-are-favourites-win-2022-11-15/|title=World Cup 2022 betting odds: which team are favourites to win?|date=14 December 2022|publisher=Reuters}}</ref> यी दुई राष्ट्रहरू लगातार दोस्रो पटक फिफा विश्वकपको नकआउट चरणमा भिडेका थिए। सन् २०१८ मा [[रुस]]को कजान एरिनामा खेलिएको राउन्ड अफ १६ खेलमा फ्रान्सले अर्जेन्टिनाविरुद्ध ४-३ को जीत निकाल्न सफल भएको थियो। उक्त खेललाई 'द इन्डिपेन्डेन्ट'ले 'सबै समयको सबैभन्दा रोचक विश्वकप खेलहरू मध्ये एक' भनेर उल्लेख गरेको थियो।<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/world-cup/world-cup-2018-france-vs-argentina-great-games-of-all-time-kylian-mbappe-lionel-messi-a8425386.html|title=Why France vs Argentina was one of the greatest World Cup games of all time|last1=Liew|first1=Jonathan|date=30 June 2018|work=The Independent|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180710090326/https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/world-cup/world-cup-2018-france-vs-argentina-great-games-of-all-time-kylian-mbappe-lionel-messi-a8425386.html|archive-date=10 July 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> [[एन्टोनी ग्रिजम्यान]]ले पेनाल्टीमा गोल गर्दै फ्रान्सलाई अग्रता दिलाए पनि [[एन्जेल डी मारिया]] र [[गाब्रिएल मेर्कादो]]ले अर्जेन्टिनाको लागि गोल गर्दै खेलमा बढत दिलाउन सफल भएका थिए, त्यसपछि फ्रान्सले [[बेन्जामिन पभार]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/tournaments/mens/worldcup/2018russia/news/origin1904-p.cxm.fifa.compavard-s-stunner-voted-hyundai-goal-of-the-tournament|title=Pavard's stunner voted Hyundai Goal of the Tournament|website=www.fifa.com|language=en|access-date=2022-12-20}}</ref> र [[किलियन एम्बाप्पे]]को दुई गोलले<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.goal.com/en-in/match/france-v-argentina/66pdxwjvvzjy3f5r6fqcy7d9l|title=France v Argentina Live Commentary & Result, 30/06/18, World Cup|website=www.goal.com|access-date=2022-12-20}}</ref> अग्रता लिन सफल भएको थियो। [[सर्जियो अग्वेरो]]ले खेलको अतिरिक्त समयमा एक गोल गरेपनि अर्जेन्टिनाले बराबरी गर्न सफल भएन्।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/tournaments/mens/worldcup/2018russia/match-center/origin1904-p.cxm.fifa.com/tournaments/mens/worldcup/2018russia/match-center/300331537|title=2018 FIFA World Cup Russia™: France - Argentina|website=www.fifa.com|language=en|access-date=2022-12-20}}</ref> सन् २०२२ फिफा विश्वकपको सेमिफाइनल, तेस्रो स्थानको खेल र फाइनल खेलको लागि सन् २०२२ डिसेम्बर ११ मा उक्त खेलहरूमा प्रयोग गरिने भकुण्डोको घोषणा गरिएको थियो। [[एडिडास]] कम्पनीको 'एडिडास अल-हिल्म' नामको उक्त भकुण्डो 'एडिडास अल रिहला'को एक प्रकार हो, जसको अर्थ [[अरबी भाषा]]मा 'सपना' हुने गर्छ। फिफा विश्व कपको उपाधि उठाउने हरेक राष्ट्रको सपनालाई सन्दर्भित गर्नको लागि सो भकुण्डोलाई 'अल हिल्म' अर्थात् 'सपना' नामकरण गरिएको थियो।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/tournaments/mens/worldcup/qatar2022/media-releases/introducing-al-hilm-the-official-match-ball-of-the-fifa-world-cup-qatar-2022-finals|title=adidas reveals the FIFA World Cup™ official Finals match ball|date=11 December 2022|website=FIFA.com|publisher=FIFA|language=en|access-date=11 December 2022}}</ref> भकुण्डोको प्राविधिक पक्षहरू एक जस्तै भएता पनि, यसको रङ समूह चरण र अघिल्लो नकआउट खेलहरूमा प्रयोग गरिएका अल-रिहला भकुण्डोहरू भन्दा फरक थियो जसमा सुनौलो धातुयुक्त, खैरो सिम्रिक, विशिष्टिकृत बरगन्डी र रातो डिजाइनले आयोजक राष्ट्र [[कतार]]को राष्ट्रिय रङलाई सन्दर्भ गरेको थियो भने फाइनलको स्थान [[लुसेल स्टेडियम]] र [[फिफा विश्वकप ट्रफी]]को सुनौलो रङ साझा गरिएको थियो। +टिमजिएस्त बर्लिन<ref name="ball">{{cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/news/golden-teamgeist-berlin-ball-for-the-fifa-world-cup-final-19615|title=Golden "Teamgeist Berlin" ball for the FIFA World Cup Final|date=18 April 2006|website=FIFA.com|publisher=FIFA|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190517103240/https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/news/golden-teamgeist-berlin-ball-for-the-fifa-world-cup-final-19615|archive-date=17 May 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref>, हो बुलानी<ref name="jobulani">{{cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/news/newsid=1196426/index.html|title=Glittering golden ball for Final|last=FIFA.com|date=20 April 2010|work=fifa.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100430035902/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/news/newsid=1196426/index.html|archive-date=April 30, 2010|url-status=dead|access-date=17 June 2016}}</ref>, ब्राजुका फाइनल रियो<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/news/y=2014/m=5/news=adidas-brazuca-final-rio-unveiled-2345973.html|title=adidas Brazuca Final Rio unveiled|date=29 May 2014|website=FIFA.com|publisher=Fédération Internationale de Football Association|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140529124830/http://www.fifa.com//worldcup/news/y=2014/m=5/news=adidas-brazuca-final-rio-unveiled-2345973.html|archive-date=29 May 2014|url-status=dead|access-date=14 July 2014}}</ref>, र टेलस्टार मेच्टा<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/news/adidas-football-reveals-official-match-ball-for-the-knockout-stage-of-the-2018-f|title=adidas Football Reveals Official Match Ball for the Knockout Stage of the 2018 FIFA World Cup Russia|date=2018-06-26|access-date=2018-06-26|publisher=2018 FIFA World Cup}}</ref> भकुण्डोपछि यो फिफा विश्वकप फाइनल खेलहरूको लागि पाँचौँ विशेष भकुण्डो रहेको थियो। == स्थान == [[चित्र:Brésil vs Serbie.jpg|thumb|कतारको सबैभन्दा ठूलो रङ्गशालाको रूपमा रहेको [[लुसेल स्टेडियम]]मा २०२२ फिफा विश्वकपको फाइनल खेलसहित जम्मा १० खेल खेलिएको थियो।]] फाइनल खेल लुसेल सहरको लुसेल स्टेडियममा खेलिएको थियो, जुन [[दोहा]]को सहरी केन्द्रबाट लगभग {{convert|15|km|mi}} उत्तरमा अवस्थित छ।<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.qatar2022.qa/en/stadiums/lusail-stadium|title=Lusail Stadium|publisher=Supreme Committee for Delivery & Legacy|access-date=30 March 2022}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220504115109/https://www.qatar2022.qa/en/stadiums/lusail-stadium |date=4 May 2022 }}</ref> सन् २०२२ को फिफा विश्व कपको आयोजना गर्ने लिलामी अधिकार पत्र दस्तावेजमा<ref>{{cite press release|url=https://www.fosterandpartners.com/news/archive/2010/10/lusail-iconic-stadium-for-qatar-2022-is-revealed-at-leaders-in-football-conference-in-london/|title=Lusail Iconic Stadium for Qatar 2022 is revealed at Leaders in Football conference in London|publisher=[[Foster and Partners]]|date=6 October 2010|access-date=30 March 2022}}</ref> कतारले यो रङ्गशालालाई फाइनल खेल आयोजना गर्नको लागि राखेको थियो। यसैको फलस्वरूप सन् २०२० जुलाई १५ मा फाइनल स्थलको रूपमा पुष्टि गरेको थियो।<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.fifa.com/tournaments/mens/worldcup/qatar2022/news/fifa-world-cuptm-match-schedule-confirmed-hosts-qatar-to-kick-off-2022-tournamen|title=FIFA World Cup match schedule confirmed: hosts Qatar to kick off 2022 tournament at Al Bayt Stadium|date=15 July 2020|access-date=30 March 2022|publisher=FIFA}}</ref> रङ्गशालालाई समूह चरणमा ६ र ३ अन्य नकआउट खेलहरू सहित नौ अन्य खेलहरू आयोजना गर्नको लागि छुट्याइएको थियो।<ref name="match schedule">{{cite web|url=https://digitalhub.fifa.com/m/464f16f856f5ed05/original/FIFA-World-Cup-Qatar-2022-Match-Schedule.pdf|title=FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022 – Match Schedule|date=11 August 2022|website=FIFA.com|publisher=Fédération Internationale de Football Association|access-date=11 August 2022}}</ref> कतार फुटबल सङ्घको स्वामित्वमा रहेको लुसेल रङ्गशाला कतारले विश्वकप जित्ने लिलामीको एक भागको रूपमा निर्माण गरेको थियो। यो रङ्गशाला ब्रिटिस फर्म फोस्टर एन्ड पार्टनर्स र पपुलस कम्पनीद्वारा<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.e-architect.com/qatar/lusail-iconic-stadium|title=Lusail Iconic Stadium – FIFA World Cup Qatar|date=7 March 2019|website=e-architect|access-date=20 January 2022}}</ref> डिजाइन गरिएको थियो भने यसको वास्तुकला मनिका आर्किटेक्चरद्वारा गरिएको थियो।<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fifaworldcupnews.com/lusail-iconic-stadium-world-cup-2022/|title=Lusail Iconic Stadium World Cup 2022: Qatar World Cup Stadium|date=23 September 2021|publisher=fifaworldcupnews.com|access-date=17 February 2022}}</ref> यो रङ्गशालाले आफ्नो वातावरण शीतल गर्नको लागि सौर्य शक्तिको प्रयोग गर्दछ र यसले शून्य कार्बन उत्सर्जन गर्ने गरेको दावी गरिएको छ।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.architecture-view.com/2010/10/27/qatar%E2%80%99s-lusail-iconic-stadium-for-solar-world-cup-stadium/|title=Qatar's Lusail Iconic Stadium for Solar World Cup Stadium|date=27 October 2010|publisher=architecture-view.com|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160616084740/http://www.architecture-view.com/2010/10/27/qatar%E2%80%99s-lusail-iconic-stadium-for-solar-world-cup-stadium/|archivedate=16 June 2016|access-date=24 February 2022}}</ref> यो रङ्गशालाको निर्माण सन् २०१७ अप्रिलमा<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thepeninsulaqatar.com/article/12/04/2017/Work-starts-on-Qatar-World-Cup-final-stadium-at-Lusail|title=Work starts on Qatar World Cup final stadium at Lusail|date=12 April 2017|publisher=thepeninsulaqatar.com|access-date=24 February 2022}}</ref> सुरु भएको थियो भने यसलाई सन् २०२० मा सम्पन्न गर्ने योजना बनाइएको थियो। योजना अनुरूप काम पूर्ण रूपले स्थगित भएता पनि यो रङ्गशालाको निर्माण अन्ततः सन् २०२१ नोभेम्बरमा सम्पन्न भएको थियो।<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.dezeen.com/2021/11/23/qatar-2022-world-cup-stadiums-roundup/|title=Foster + Partners-designed Lusail Stadium among eight completed Qatar World Cup venues|last=Parkes|first=James|date=23 November 2021|access-date=30 March 2022|publisher=Dezeen}}</ref> यो रङ्गशालामा अपेक्षा भन्दा ढिलो<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/gallery/2022/9/10/photos-lusail-super-cup-tests-stadium-hosting-world-cup-final|title=Photos: Lusail Super Cup tests stadium hosting World Cup final|website=aljazeera.com|access-date=16 September 2022}}</ref> सन् २०२२ सेप्टेम्बर ९ म लुसेल सुपर कपको पहिलो खेल आयोजना गरिएको थियो।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://stadiumdb.com/news/2022/02/new_stadium_the_date_bowl_still_awaiting_its_first_game|title=New stadium: The date bowl still awaiting its first game|last=Sobura|first=Tomasz|date=2 February 2022|work=StadiumDB.com|access-date=30 March 2022}}</ref> == फाइनलसम्मको यात्रा == === अर्जेन्टिना === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;margin-left:1em;float:right;clear:right;min-width:226px" |+अर्जेन्टिनाको फाइनलसम्मको यात्रा ! scope="col" | ! scope="col" |विरोधी ! scope="col" |नतिजा |- style="border-top:2px solid black" ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" |{{abbr|१|पहिलो समूह खेल}} | align="left" |{{fb|KSA}} |[[२०२२ फिफा विश्वकप समूह सी#%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE %E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF %E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80 %E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AC|१-२]] |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" |{{abbr|२|दोस्रो समूह खेल}} | align="left" |{{fb|MEX}} |[[२०२२ फिफा विश्वकप समूह सी#%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE %E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF %E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B|२-०]] |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" |{{abbr|३|तेस्रो समूह खेल}} | align="left" |{{fb|POL}} |[[२०२२ फिफा विश्वकप समूह सी#%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1 %E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF %E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE|२-०]] |- style="border-top:2px solid black" ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" |{{abbr|राउन्ड १६|राउन्ड अफ १६}} | align="left" |{{fb|AUS}} |[[२०२२ फिफा विश्वकप नकआउट चरण#%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE %E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF %E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE|२-१]] |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" |{{abbr|क्वाटर फाइनल|क्वाटर फाइनल}} | align="left" |{{fb|NED}} |[[२०२२ फिफा विश्वकप नकआउट चरण#%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1 %E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF %E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE|२-२]] {{aet}} {{pso|४–३}} |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" |{{abbr|सेमिफाइनल|सेमिफाइनल}} | align="left" |{{fb|CRO}} |[[२०२२ फिफा विश्वकप नकआउट चरण#%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE %E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF %E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE|३-०]] |} फिफा विश्वकप २०२२ को 'समूह सी'मा परेको र तीन वर्षको अन्तरालमा ३६ खेलको लामो अपराजित यात्रा<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://en.as.com/soccer/when-could-argentina-break-the-world-record-unbeaten-streak-at-the-2022-world-cup-n/|title=When could Argentina break the world record unbeaten streak at the 2022 World Cup?|last=Cons|first=Roddy|date=18 November 2022|website=Diario AS}}</ref> तय गरेको अर्जेन्टिनाले आफ्नो उद्घाटन खेल [[साउदी अरब राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|साउदी अरब]]विरुद्ध २-१ ले पराजित हुन पुगेको थियो।<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.economist.com/graphic-detail/2022/12/09/qatars-world-cup-has-seen-the-biggest-upsets-in-recent-history|title=Qatar's World Cup has seen the biggest upsets in recent history|date=9 December 2022|newspaper=The Economist|access-date=19 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/11/22/sports/soccer/saudi-arabia-argentina-messi-loss-world-cup.html|title=Saudi Arabia Leaves Another Scar on Argentina's Soul|last=Smith|first=Rory|date=22 November 2022|work=The New York Times}}</ref> पेनाल्टी क्षेत्रबाट लियोनेल मेसीको सुरुवाती गोलले अग्रता लिएको अर्जेन्टिनाले धेरै अस्वीकृत गोलहरू गर्न भ्याएको थियो तर ती सबै गोलहरू रेफरीद्वारा अफसाइड कायम गरिएको थियो।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/sport/football/news/argentina-worldcup-messi-offside-var-28553763|title=Argentina stunned as they have three goals ruled out in Saudi Arabia World Cup defeat|last=King|first=Kieran|date=22 November 2022|website=The Mirror}}</ref> पहिलो हाफ सकिए लगत्तै साउदी अरबले पाँच मिनेटको अन्तरालमा [[सालेह अल-शेहरी]] र [[सलिम अल-दौसारी]]को दुई गोलको मद्दतले अर्जेन्टिनालाई स्तब्ध बनाएको थियो।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.1news.co.nz/2022/11/23/saudi-shock-argentina-stunned-in-historic-world-cup-upset/|title=Saudi shock: Argentina stunned in historic World Cup upset|website=1 News|language=en|access-date=15 December 2022}}</ref> यद्यपि दोस्रो खेलमा मेसीको लामो दुरीबाट गरिएको गोल र [[एनसो फेर्नान्देस]]लाई गरिएको सहयोगले अर्जेन्टिनाले [[मेक्सिको राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|मेक्सिको]]लाई २-० ले पराजित गर्दै विश्व कप जित्न सक्ने आशा जगाएको थिए।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.eurosport.com/football/world-cup/2022/fifa-world-cup-2022-in-qatar-live-argentina-v-mexico-updates_sto9242731/story.shtml|title=Argentina 2–0 Mexico: Lionel Messi and Enzo Fernandez stunners keep La Albiceleste alive with crucial victory|date=26 November 2022|website=Eurosport|language=en|access-date=15 December 2022}}</ref> जितबाट उत्साहित भएको अर्जेन्टिनाले मेसीले पहिलो हाफमा पेनाल्टीलाई गोलमा रूपान्तरण गर्न नसकेता पनि [[आलेक्सिस माक आलिस्तेर]] र [[हुलियान आलभारेस]]को गोलमा [[पोल्यान्ड राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|पोल्यान्ड]]लाई २-० ले पराजित गर्दै 'समूह सी' मा पहिलो स्थानमा प्राप्त गर्न सफल भएको थियो। अर्जेन्टिनाले जित निकालेसँगै मेक्सिको र साउदी अरब दुवै विश्वकपबाट बाहिरिएको थियो।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/sports/2022/11/30/argentina-coast-past-poland-2-0-to-top-world-cup-group-c|title=Argentina coast past Poland 2–0 to top World Cup Group C|website=Al Jazeera|language=en|access-date=15 December 2022}}</ref> राउन्ड अफ १६ मा, अर्जेन्टिनाले 'समूह डी'को उपविजेता [[अस्ट्रेलिया राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|अस्ट्रेलिया]]सँग सामना गरेको थियो। मेसीले नकआउट चरणमा आफ्नो पहिलो गोल गर्दै अर्जेन्टिनालाई अग्रता दिलाएका थिए भने आलभारेसले अचम्भित तरिकाले अस्ट्रेलियाको गोलरक्षक [[म्याथ्यु रायन]]लाई छकाउँदै खाली जालीलाई भकुण्डो चुमाउँदै अग्रता दोब्बर बनाएका थिए। प्रतिउत्तरमा अस्ट्रेलियाले फेर्नान्देसको आत्मघाती गोलले खेललाई २-१ को स्थितिमा ल्याएको थियो भने खेललाई सनसनीपूर्ण समाप्ति सिर्जना गर्नको लागि अस्ट्रेलियाका [[अजिज बेहिच]] र [[गारङ कुयोल]]ले पाएको मौकालाई अर्जेनटिनी गोलरक्षक [[एमिलियानो मार्टिनेस]]ले विफल बनाएका थिए।<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://theathletic.com/live-blogs/argentina-vs-australia-world-cup-2022-live-score-updates-result/sxDrFZ6iM2Cz/|title=Reaction to Argentina's win over Australia|last1=Waugh|first1=Chris|date=4 December 2022|access-date=15 December 2022|last2=Dominski|first2=Michael|language=en|website=The Athletic}}</ref> क्वाटर फाइनल खेलमा अर्जेनटिनाले [[२०१४ फिफा विश्वकप]]को सेमीफाइनलमा भिडेको [[नेदरल्यान्ड राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|नेदरल्यान्ड्स]]को सामना गरेको थियो। अर्जेन्टिनाले नाविएल मलिनाको एक र मेसीद्वारा पेनाल्टीमा गरिएको एक गोलले खेलमा दुई गोलको अग्रता पाएको थियो, तर खेलको दोस्रो हाफको अन्तिम समयमा आएर [[वाउट वेगहोस्ट]]को दुई ढिलो गोलले ९० मिनेटको खेल बराबरीमा सकिएको थियो। त्यसपछि अतिरिक्त समयमा दुवै टोलीले सफलता पाउन सकेन र विजेता निर्णय गर्न पेनाल्टी सुट आउटको प्रयोग गरिएको थियो। अर्जेनटिनी गोलरक्षक [[एमिलियानो मार्टिनेज|एमिलियानो मार्टिनेस]]ले डच टोलीका [[भिर्जिल भान डाइक]] र [[स्टेभन बारहाउस]]द्वारा प्रहार गरिएको पेनाल्टी रक्षा गरेका थिए भने खेलको निर्णायक गोल अर्जेनटिनी खेलाडी [[लाउटारो मार्टिनेस]]ले गरेका थिए। पेनाल्टी सुट आउटमा अर्जेनटिनाका फर्नान्देसले मात्र गोल गर्न सकेका थिएनन्। अर्जेन्टिनाले २०१८ विश्वकपको उपविजेता [[क्रोएसिया राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|क्रोएसिया]]सँग सेमिफाइनल खेल खेलेको थियो।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2022/dec/09/netherlands-argentina-world-cup-quarter-final-match-report|title=Argentina edge Netherlands in shootout to win World Cup quarter-final thriller|last=Fisher|first=Ben|date=9 December 2022|website=The Guardian|language=en|access-date=15 December 2022}}</ref> [[२०१८ फिफा विश्वकप|२०१८ विश्वकप]]मा क्रोएसियासँग ३-० ले पराजित भएको अर्जेन्टिनाले निर्णायक सेमिफाइनल खेलमा क्रोएसियालाई सोही समान गोल अन्तरले पराजित गरेको थियो। पहिलो हाफको पेनाल्टीमा लियोनेल मेसीले गोल गरे भने पाँच मिनेटपछि आलभारेसले एकल गोल गरेका थिए। खेलको दोस्रो हाफमा मेसीले आलभारेसलाई उनको दोस्रो गोल गर्न सघाएपछि अर्जेन्टिनाले आठ वर्षमा दोस्रो पटक फाइनलमा आफ्नो स्थान सुरक्षित गरेको थियो।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.voanews.com/a/argentina-sweeps-past-croatia-3-0-to-reach-world-cup-final-/6875048.html|title=Argentina Sweeps Past Croatia 3–0 to Reach World Cup Final|website=VOA|language=en|access-date=15 December 2022}}</ref> === फ्रान्स === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;margin-left:1em;float:right;clear:right;min-width:226px" |+फ्रान्सको फाइनलसम्मको यात्रा ! scope="col" | ! scope="col" |विरोधी ! scope="col" |नतिजा |- style="border-top:2px solid black" ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" |{{abbr|१|पहिलो समूह खेल}} | align="left" |{{fb|AUS}} |[[२०२२ फिफा विश्वकप समूह डी#%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8 %E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF %E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE|४-१]] |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" |{{abbr|२|दोस्रो समूह खेल}} | align="left" |{{fb|DEN}} |[[२०२२ फिफा विश्वकप समूह डी#%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8 %E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF %E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95|२-१]] |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" |{{abbr|३|तेस्रो समूह खेल}} | align="left" |{{fb|TUN}} |[[२०२२ फिफा विश्वकप समूह डी#%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE %E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF %E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8|०-१]] |- style="border-top:2px solid black" ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" |{{abbr|राउन्ड १६|राउन्ड अफ १६}} | align="left" |{{fb|POL}} |[[२०२२ फिफा विश्वकप नकआउट चरण#%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8 %E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF %E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1|३-१]] |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" |{{abbr|क्वाटर फाइनल|क्वाटर फाइनल}} | align="left" |{{fb|ENG}} |[[२०२२ फिफा विश्वकप नकआउट चरण#%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1 %E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF %E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8|२-१]] |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" |{{abbr|सेमिफाइनल|सेमिफाइनल}} | align="left" |{{fb|MAR}} |[[२०२२ फिफा विश्वकप नकआउट चरण#%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8 %E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF %E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B|२-०]] |} सन् [[२०१८ फिफा विश्वकप|२०१८]] मा [[रुस]]मा सम्पन्न विश्वकप जितेको फ्रान्सले आफ्नो विश्व कप अभियान निवर्तमान विश्व विजेताको रूपमा सुरु गरेको थियो। फ्रान्स 'समूह डी' मा परेको थियो जहाँ उसको पहिलो भेट [[एसियाली फुटबल महासङ्घ|एएफसी]] प्रतिनिधि अस्ट्रेलियासँग भएको थियो। अस्ट्रेलियाका खेलाडी [[क्रेग गुडविन]]ले गोल गर्दै सुरुवाती नौ मिनेटको खेलमा फ्रान्सलाई दवाबमा राखेको थियो तर फ्रान्सेली खेलाडी [[ओलिभिए जिरू]]को दोहोरो गोल र [[आद्रियाँ राबियो]] र किलियन एम्बाप्पेको एक एक गोलको मद्दतले ४-१ को सहज जित हात पार्न सफल भएको थियो।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.eurosport.co.uk/football/world-cup/2022/fifa-world-cup-2022-in-qatar-live-france-v-australia-updates_sto9237911/story.shtml|title=France 4–1 Australia: Olivier Giroud strikes twice to equal Les Bleus goal-scoring record in come-from-behind win|date=22 November 2022|website=Eurosport UK|language=en|access-date=15 December 2022}}</ref> जितबाट सशक्त बनेको फ्रान्सले अत्यधिक सङ्गठित र खतरनाक [[डेनमार्क राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|डेनमार्क]] पक्षलाई दोस्रो हाफमा फ्रान्सेली खेलाडी एम्बाप्पेले पहिलो गोल गर्दै अग्रता दिलाएता पनि डेनमार्कका खेलाडी आन्द्रियास क्रिस्टेनसेनले बराबरी गोल फर्काएको थियो तर पुनः एम्बाप्पेले ८६औँ मिनेटमा गोल गर्दै फ्रान्सलाई २-१ ले जित दिलाउन सफल भएका थिए। यससँगै कतारमा आयोजित विश्वकपको नकआउट चरणमा पुग्ने फ्रान्स पहिलो टोली बनेको थियो र सन् [[१९९४ फिफा विश्वकप|१९९४]] पछि यसो गर्ने पहिलो युरोपेली विश्व विजेता बनेको थियो।<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.skysports.com/football/news/12098/12755142/france-2-1-denmark-kylian-mbappe-lights-up-world-cup-with-double|title=France 2–1 Denmark: Kylian Mbappe lights up World Cup with double|access-date=15 December 2022|language=en|website=Sky Sports}}</ref> नकआउट चरणमा पुग्ने सुनिश्चित भएसँगै, फ्रान्सले आफ्नो धेरैजसो खेलाडीलाई विश्राम दिएर [[ट्युनिसिया राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|ट्युनिसिया]]विरुद्धको अन्तिम खेल खेलेको थियो। उक्त खेलमा फ्रान्समा जन्मेका ट्युनिसियाली खेलाडी [[वाहबी खाजरी]]को गोलको कारण १-० को हार बेहोरेको थियो। खेलको अन्तिम समयमा फ्रान्सेली खेलाडी [[एन्टोनी ग्रिजम्यान]]ले गोल गरेर खेल बराबरीमा ल्याएता पनि [[भिडियो सहयोगी रेफरी|भार प्रविधि]]ले गोललाई अस्वीकृत गरेको थियो। फ्रान्सले अस्ट्रेलियाविरुद्ध उच्च गोल अन्तरको कारण आफ्नो समूहको शीर्ष स्थानमा कायम रह्न सफल भएको थियो।<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/live/2022/11/30/sports/france-tunisia-world-cup-scores|title=In a Wild Finish, Tunisia Goes Out With a Win Against France|last=Das|first=Andrew|date=30 November 2022|work=The New York Times|access-date=15 December 2022|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> राउन्ड अफ १६ को खेलमा फ्रान्सले 'समूह सी' को उपविजेता [[पोल्यान्ड राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|पोल्यान्ड]]सँग भिडेको थियो। फ्रान्सका खेलाडी जिरूको एक र एम्बाप्पेको दुई गोलसहित फ्रान्सले खेलमा ३-० को अग्रता कायम गरेको थियो तर [[रोबर्ट लेवान्डोस्की]]ले खेल सकिन लागेकै समयमा पेनाल्टी मार्फत एक गोल गरेता पनि आफ्नो टोलीलाई हारबाट जोगाउन सफल हुन सकेनन्।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.marca.com/en/world-cup/2022/12/04/638cd84346163fa4b98b456d.html|title=France aren't playing well and they don't even need to, for the moment|date=4 December 2022|website=MARCA|language=en|access-date=15 December 2022}}</ref> क्वार्टर फाइनलमा फ्रान्सले आफ्नो पुरानो प्रतिद्वन्द्वी [[इङ्ल्यान्ड राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|इङ्ल्यान्ड]]सँग तनावपूर्ण खेल खेलेको थियो। उक्त खेलमा फ्रान्सको तर्फबाट [[ओरेलियाँ चुयामेनी]]ले पहिलो गोल गर्दै अग्रता दिलाएता पनि अङ्ग्रेज कप्तान [[ह्यारी केन]]द्वारा दोस्रो हाफको ५४औँ मिनेटमा पेनाल्टी गोल गर्दै खेललाई १-१ को बराबरीमा ल्याएका थिए तर दोस्रो हाफको खेलमा प्रवेश गरेको १२औँ मिनेटमा फ्रान्सेली खेलाडी जिरूले दोस्रो गोल गर्दै खेलमा अग्रता कायम गरेको थियो। ८४औँ मिनेटमा पुनः एक पटक इङ्ल्यान्डले पेनाल्टी प्राप्त गरेको थियो जसलाई केनले जाली चुमाउन सकेनन् र फलस्वरूप फ्रान्सले २-१ को जित निकाल्दै सेमिफाइनलमा आफ्नो स्थान सुरक्षित गरेको थियो।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.euronews.com/2022/12/10/france-beat-england-2-1-after-a-nail-biting-match-at-the-2022-world-cup|title=France beat England 2–1 after a nail-biting match at the World Cup|date=10 December 2022|website=euronews|language=en|access-date=15 December 2022}}</ref> फ्रान्सले त्यसपछि प्रतियोगिताको सबैभन्दा ठूलो अप्रत्यासी टोली [[मोरोक्को राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|मोरक्को]]को सामना गरेको थियो, जसले [[स्पेन राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|स्पेन]] र [[पोर्चुगल राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|पोर्चुगल]] जस्ता सशक्त फुटबल टोलीहरूलाई हराएर सेमिफाइनलसम्मको यात्रा तय गरेको थियो। सेमिफाइनल खेलमा फ्रान्सको तर्फबाट [[थेयो हर्नानदेस]] र [[रँदाल कलो मुयानी]]को दुई गोलको कारण फ्रान्सले अफ्रिकी राष्ट्रको इतिहास रच्ने दौडलाई अन्त्य गर्न सफल भएको थियो। यो जितसँगै फ्रान्सले आफ्नो इतिहासमा पहिलो पटक लगातार दोस्रो पटक विश्वकपको फाइनलमा पुग्न सफल भएको थियो।<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/63882918|title=France end Morocco dream to set up Argentina final|work=BBC Sport|access-date=15 December 2022|language=en-GB}}</ref> == खेल == === सारांश === फ्रान्सले ८८,९६६ दर्शकले भरिएको रङ्गशालामा स्थानीय समयानुसार ठीक १८:०० बजे (१५:०० युटिसी) मा खेल सुरुवात गरेको थियो। अर्जेन्टिनालाई २३औँ मिनेटमा पेनाल्टी क्षेत्रमा [[उसमान देम्बेले]]ले बायाँ तर्फबाट डी मारियालाई भकुण्डो लग्दै गर्दा फाउल गरेपछि अर्जेन्टिनाले पेनाल्टी पाएको थियो। लियोनेल मेसीले पेनाल्टीमा सफलतापूर्वक गोल गरेका थिए। ३६औँ मिनेटमा, डी मारियाले दायाँबाट आलेक्सिस माक आलिस्तेरको सहयोगमा भकुण्डो पाएपछि गोल पोस्टको दायाँ कुनामा गोलरक्षकलाई छकाउँदै बायाँ खुट्टाले गोल हानेर अर्जेन्टिनालाई खेलमा २-० को अग्रता दिलाएका थिए। फ्रान्सले पहिलो हाफको अन्त्य नजिकै दुई खेलाडीलाई प्रतिस्थापन गरेता पनि पहिलो हाफमा फ्रान्स २ गोलले पछि परेको थियो। फ्रान्सले ८०औँ मिनेटसम्म गोलको प्रयास गर्न सकेको थिएन्, त्यही समयमा [[निकोलस ओतामेन्दी]]ले पेनाल्टी क्षेत्रमा रँदाल कलो मुयानीद्वारा बल लाँदै गर्दा लडाएपछि उसले पेनाल्टी पाएको थियो। पेनाल्टीमा किलियन एमबाप्पेले बायाँ कर्नरमा गोल गरेका थिए। दुई मिनेटपछि [[मार्कस थुराम]]ले भकुण्डोलाई हावामा उडाएर एम्बाप्पेलाई पेनाल्टी क्षेत्रमा सहयोग गरेपछि उनले गोल पोस्टको दाहिने कुनामा दायाँ खुट्टाले गोल गरेपछि खेल २-२ को बराबरीमा आइपुगेको थियो। थपिएको समयको अन्त्यतिर फ्रान्सेली गोलरक्षक [[उगो योरिस]]ले मेसीद्वारा प्रहार गरिएको कडा प्रहारलाई विफल तुल्याइदिएका थिए। निर्धारित समयको खेल बराबरीमा सकिएपछि खेल अतिरिक्त समयमा गएको थियो। अतिरिक्त समयमा योरिसले दायाँतर्फ लाउटारो मार्टिनेसको प्रहारलाई बचाएपनि भकुण्डोलाई सुरक्षित राख्न सकेनन् जसलाई मेसीले गोलमा परिणत गर्दै अर्जेन्टिनालाई अग्रता दिलाएको थियो। फ्रान्सले खेलको ११८औँ मिनेटमा एम्बाप्पेद्वारा प्रहार गरिएको भकुण्डो [[गोनसालो मोन्तिएल]]को हातमा लागेपछि फ्रान्सले दोस्रो पेनाल्टी पाएको थियो। एम्बाप्पेले गोल पोस्टको बायाँतर्फ भकुण्डो प्रहार गरेर आफ्नो तेस्रो गोल गरेका थिए। सन् [[१९६६ फिफा विश्वकप|१९६६]] मा इङ्ल्यान्डको लागि [[ज्योफ हर्स्ट]]पछि पुरुष विश्वकप फाइनलमा [[ह्याट्रिक]] गर्ने एम्बाप्पे दोस्रो खेलाडी बनेका थिए। अतिरिक्त समयको अन्त्य समयमा फ्रान्सका रँदाल कलो मुयानीको प्रहारलाई अर्जेन्टिनी गोलरक्षक एमिलियानो मार्टिनेसले उत्कृष्ट तरिकाले बचाएपछि खेल ३-३ को बराबरीमा समाप्त भएको थियो र नतिजा निकाल्नको लागि खेल पेनाल्टी सुटआउटमा पुगेको थियो। एम्बाप्पे र मेसीले पेनाल्टी सुटआउटमा पहिलो दुई प्रयासलाई सफलतापूर्वक परिणत गरेका थिए तर [[किन्सले कोमँ]]को प्रयासलाई अर्जेन्टिनाका गोलरक्षक मार्टिनेसले जोगाएका थिए। [[पाउलो दिबाला]]ले गोल पोस्टको मध्य भागमा भकुण्डो प्रहार गर्दै अर्जेन्टिनालाई २–१ को अग्रता दिलाएका थिए। त्यसपछि ओरेलियाँ चुयामेनीले आफ्नो प्रहारलाई गोल पोस्ट बाहिर पठाएका थिए भने [[लियान्द्रो पारेदेस]]ले गोल गर्दै फ्रान्सलाई ३-१ ले पछि पार्दै हारको नजिक धकेलेको थियो। रँदाल कलो मुयानीले गोल गरेर फ्रान्सलाई जीवित राखेता पनि अर्जेन्टिनाको लागि गोनसालो मोन्तिएलले गोल पोस्टको बायाँतर्फ गोल गर्दै अर्जेन्टिनालाई उनको तेस्रो विश्वकप उपाधि र सन् [[१९८६ फिफा विश्वकप|१९८६]] पछिको पहिलो उपाधि दिलाउन सफल भएका थिए। ===विवरण=== <section begin=Final />{{Football box |date = {{Start date|2022|12|18|रक्षा=y}} |time = १८:०० <noinclude>[[अरब प्रमाणिक समय|एएसटी]]</noinclude> |team1 = {{fb-rt|ARG}} |score = {{score link|२०२२ फिफा विश्वकप नकआउट चरण#फाइनल|३-३|२०२२ फिफा विश्वकप फाइनल}} |aet = yes |team2 = {{fb|FRA}} |goals1 = *[[लियोनेल मेसी|मेसी]] {{goal|२३|pen.|१०८}} *[[एन्जेल डी मारिया|डी मारिया]] {{goal|३६}} |goals2 = *[[किलियन एम्बाप्पे|एम्बाप्पे]] {{goal|८०|pen.|८१||११८|pen.}} |stadium = [[लुसेल स्टेडियम]], [[लुसेल]] |attendance = ८८,९६६ |referee = [[साइमन मार्सिनियाक]] ([[पोलिसेली फुटबल सङ्घ|पोल्यान्ड]]) |penalties1 = *[[लियोनेल मेसी|मेसी]] {{pengoal}} *[[पाउलो दिबाला|दिबाला]] {{pengoal}} *[[लियान्द्रो पारेदेस|पारेदेस]] {{pengoal}} *[[गोनसालो मोन्तिएल|मोन्तिएल]] {{pengoal}} |penaltyscore = ४-२ |penalties2 = *{{pengoal}} [[किलियन एम्बाप्पे|एम्बाप्पे]] *{{penmiss}} [[किन्सले कोमँ|कोमँ]] *{{penmiss}} [[ओरेलियाँ चुयामेनी|चुयामेनी]] *{{pengoal}} [[रँदाल कलो मुयानी|कलो मुयानी]] |report = https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/match-centre/match/17/255711/285077/400128145 }}<section end=Final /> <section begin=Line-ups /> {| width=92% |- |{{Football kit |pattern_la = _arg22h |pattern_b = _arg22H |pattern_ra = _arg22h |pattern_sh = _arg22h2 |pattern_so = _arg22h |leftarm = FFFFFF |body = FFFFFF |rightarm = FFFFFF |shorts = FFFFFF |socks = FFFFFF |title = अर्जेन्टिना }} |{{Football kit |pattern_la = _fra22h |pattern_b = _fra22H |pattern_ra = _fra22h |pattern_sh = _fra22h2 |pattern_so = |leftarm = 221F4E |body = 221F4E |rightarm = 221F4E |shorts = 221F4E |socks = 221F4E |title = फ्रान्स }} |} {| width="100%" |valign="top" width="40%"| {| style="font-size:90%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" |- !width=25| !!width=25| |- |गोर ||'''२३'''||[[एमिलियानो मार्टिनेस]]|| {{yel|१२०+५}} |- |दार ||'''२६'''||[[नाविएल मलिना]]|| || {{suboff|९१}} |- |केर ||'''१३'''||[[क्रिस्टियन रोमेरो]] |- |केर ||'''१९'''||[[निकोलस ओतामेन्दी]] |- |बार ||'''३''' ||[[निकोलस तालियाफिको]]|| || {{suboff|१२०+१}} |- |रम ||'''२४'''||[[एनसो फेर्नान्देस]]|| {{yel|४५+७}} |- |केम ||'''७''' ||[[रोद्रिगो दे पाउल]]|| || {{suboff|१०२}} |- |केम ||'''२०'''||[[आलेक्सिस माक आलिस्तेर]]|| || {{suboff|११६}} |- |दाअ ||'''१०'''||[[लियोनेल मेसी]] ([[कप्तान (फुटबल)|क]]) |- |केअ ||'''९''' ||[[हुलियान आलभारेस]]|| || {{suboff|१०२}} |- |बाअ ||'''११'''||[[एन्जेल डी मारिया]] || || {{suboff|६४}} |- |colspan=3|'''प्रतिस्थापनहरू:''' |- |मध्य ||'''८''' ||[[मार्कोस अकुनिया]]|| {{yel|९०+८}} || {{subon|६४}} |- |रक्षा ||'''४''' ||[[गोनसालो मोन्तिएल]]|| {{yel|११६}} || {{subon|९१}} |- |मध्य ||'''५''' ||[[लियान्द्रो पारेदेस]]|| {{yel|११४}} || {{subon|१०२}} |- |अग्र ||'''२२'''||[[लाउटारो मार्टिनेस]]|| || {{subon|१०२}} |- |रक्षा ||'''६''' ||[[हेर्मन पेसेला]]|| || {{subon|११६}} |- |अग्र ||'''२१'''||[[पाउलो दिबाला]] || || {{subon|१२०+१}} |- |colspan=3|'''व्यवस्थापक:''' |- |colspan=3|[[लियोनेल स्कालोनी]] |} |valign="top"|[[File:ARG-FRA 2022-12-18.svg|300px]] |valign="top" width="50%"| {| style="font-size:90%; margin:auto" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" |- !width=25| !!width=25| |- |गोर ||'''१''' ||[[उगो योरिस]] ([[कप्तान (फुटबल)|क]]) |- |दार ||'''५''' ||[[हुल कुन्दे]]|| || {{suboff|१२०+१}} |- |केर ||'''४''' ||[[राफाएल भरान]] || || {{suboff|११३}} |- |केर ||'''१८'''||[[दायोत उपामेकानो]] |- |बाँर ||'''२२'''||[[थेयो हर्नानदेस]]|| || {{suboff|७१}} |- |केम ||'''८''' ||[[ओरेलियाँ चुयामेनी]] |- |केम ||'''१४'''||[[आद्रियाँ राबियो]]|| {{yel|५५}} || {{suboff|९६}} |- |दाप ||'''११'''||[[उसमान देम्बेले]]|| || {{suboff|४१}} |- |आम ||'''७''' ||[[एन्टोनी ग्रिजम्यान]] || || {{suboff|७१}} |- |बाप ||'''१०'''||[[किलियन एम्बाप्पे]] |- |केअग्र ||'''९''' ||[[ओलिभिए जिरू]] || {{yel|९०+५}} || {{suboff|४१}} |- |colspan=3|'''प्रतिस्थापनहरू:''' |- |अग्र ||'''१२'''||[[रँदाल कलो मुयानी]]|| || {{subon|४१}} |- |अग्र ||'''२६'''||[[मार्कस थुराम]]|| {{yel|८७}} || {{subon|४१}} |- |अग्र ||'''२०'''||[[किन्सले कोमँ]]|| || {{subon|७१}} |- |मध्य ||'''२५'''||[[एदुयार्दो कामाभिङ्गा]]|| || {{subon|७१}} |- |मध्य ||'''१३'''||[[युसुफ फोफाना]]|| || {{subon|९६}} |- |रक्षा ||'''२४'''||[[इब्राहिमा कोनाते]]|| || {{subon|११३}} |- |रक्षा ||'''३''' ||[[आक्सेल दिसासी]]|| || {{subon|१२०+१}} |- |colspan=3|'''व्यवस्थापक:''' |- |colspan=3|[[दिदिया देशँ]] |} |} {| style="width:100%; font-size:90%;" | '''म्यान अफ द म्याच:''' <br />[[लियोनेल मेसी]] (अर्जेन्टिना)<ref name="MOTM">{{cite web |url=https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/articles/france-argentina-lionel-messi-kylian-mbappe-fifa-world-cup-qatar-2022 |title=Argentina and Messi spot on for World Cup glory |publisher=[[FIFA]] |date=18 December 2022 |access-date=18 December 2022}}</ref> <includeonly>|}</includeonly><section end=Line-ups /> |style="width:60%; vertical-align:top;"| '''खेलका नियमहरू'''<ref name="regulations">{{cite web |url=https://digitalhub.fifa.com/m/2744a0a5e3ded185/original/FIFA-World-Cup-Qatar-2022-Regulations_EN.pdf |title=Regulations – FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022 |website=FIFA.com |publisher=Fédération Internationale de Football Association |date=15 December 2021 |access-date=30 March 2022}}</ref> *९० मिनेट *आवश्यकता भएमा ३० मिनेटको [[अतिरिक्त समय (खेल)#%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B2|अतिरिक्त समय]] *खेल बराबरीमै रहेमा [[पेनाल्टी-सुटआउट|पेनाल्टी सुट-आउट]] *बढीमा १५ जना नामित वैकल्पिक खेलाडीहरू *बढीमा ५ खेलाडी प्रतिस्थापन, छैटौँ खेलाडी अतिरिक्त समयमा अनुमति दिइएको छ{{refn|group=note|अतिरिक्त समय सुरु हुनु अघि र अतिरिक्त समयको पहिलो हाफमा गरिएको प्रतिस्थापन बाहेक अतिरिक्त समयमा चौथो अवसरको साथ प्रत्येक टोलीलाई प्रतिस्थापन गर्न तीनवटा मात्र अवसर दिइएको छ।}} *बढीमा एउटा [[अस्थायी चोटपटक प्रतिस्थापन (फुटबल)|अस्थायी चोटपटक प्रतिस्थापन]] |} ===तथ्याङ्क=== {{col-begin}} {{col-4}} {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center" |+पहिलो हाफ<ref name="Sofascore">{{cite web |url=https://www.sofascore.com/argentina-france/GObsuWb |title=World Cup: Argentina vs France |publisher=Sofascore |date=18 December 2022 |access-date=18 December 2022}}</ref><ref name="AS">{{cite web|url=https://en.as.com/resultados/futbol/mundial/2022/directo/final_a_1_399719/estadisticas/|title=Argentina vs France: live info and stats - FIFA World Cup 2022|website=[[Diario AS]]|access-date=18 December 2022}}</ref> |- ! scope="col" style="width:100px" | तथ्याङ्क ! scope="col" style="width:70px" | अर्जेन्टिना ! scope="col" style="width:70px" | फ्रान्स |- !scope=row|गरिएको गोल |२ |० |- !scope=row|जम्मा प्रहार |६ |० |- !scope=row|लक्ष्यमा प्रहार |३ |० |- !scope=row|रक्षा गरेको |० |१ |- !scope=row|भकुण्डो नियन्त्रण |५९% |४१% |- !scope=row|कर्नर किक |२ |० |- !scope=row|फाउल गरेको |१० |११ |- !scope=row|अफसाइड |३ |० |- !scope=row|पहेँलो कार्ड |१ |० |- !scope=row|रातो कार्ड |० |० |} {{col-4}} {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center" |+दोस्रो हाफ<ref name="Sofascore"/><ref name="AS"/> |- ! scope="col" style="width:100px" | तथ्याङ्क ! scope="col" style="width:70px" | अर्जेन्टिना ! scope="col" style="width:70px" | फ्रान्स |- !scope=row|गरिएको गोल |० |२ |- !scope=row|जम्मा प्रहार |६ |६ |- !scope=row|लक्ष्यमा प्रहार |४ |३ |- !scope=row|रक्षा गरेको |१ |४ |- !scope=row|भकुण्डो नियन्त्रण |४५% |५५% |- !scope=row|कर्नर किक |२ |३ |- !scope=row|फाउल गरेको |९ |५ |- !scope=row|अफसाइड |० |२ |- !scope=row|पहेँलो कार्ड |१ |३ |- !scope=row|रातो कार्ड |० |० |} {{col-4}} {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center" |+अतिरिक्त समय<ref name="Sofascore"/><ref name="AS"/> |- ! scope="col" style="width:100px" | तथ्याङ्क ! scope="col" style="width:70px" | अर्जेन्टिना ! scope="col" style="width:70px" | फ्रान्स |- !scope=row|गरिएको गोल |१ |१ |- !scope=row|जम्मा प्रहार |८ |४ |- !scope=row|लक्ष्यमा प्रहार |३ |२ |- !scope=row|रक्षा गरेको |१ |२ |- !scope=row|भकुण्डो नियन्त्रण |६२% |३८% |- !scope=row|कर्नर किक |२ |२ |- !scope=row|फाउल गरेको |६ |३ |- !scope=row|अफसाइड |१ |२ |- !scope=row|पहेँलो कार्ड |३ |० |- !scope=row|रातो कार्ड |० |० |} {{col-4}} {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center" |+सम्पूर्ण<ref name="Sofascore"/><ref name="AS"/> |- ! scope="col" style="width:100px" | तथ्याङ्क ! scope="col" style="width:70px" | अर्जेन्टिना ! scope="col" style="width:70px" | फ्रान्स |- !scope=row|गरिएको गोल |३ |३ |- !scope=row|जम्मा प्रहार |२० |१० |- !scope=row|लक्ष्यमा प्रहार |१० |५ |- !scope=row|रक्षा गरेको |२ |७ |- !scope=row|भकुण्डो नियन्त्रण |५४% |४६% |- !scope=row|कर्नर किक |६ |५ |- !scope=row|फाउल गरेको |२६{{refn|अर्जेन्टिनाको गोलरक्षक [[एमिलियानो मार्टिनेस]]ले फ्रान्सको कुनै खेलाडीलाई प्रत्यक्ष रूपले फाउल गरेका थिएनन्, तथ्य के थियो भने उनले [[खेलमा अयोग्य व्यवहार]] गरेको कारण रेफरीद्वारा उनलाई पहेँलो कार्ड दिइएको थियो। अयोग्य व्यवहारलाई समेत फाउलको रूपमा गिन्ती गर्ने गरिन्छ।|group=note}} |१९ |- !scope=row|अफसाइड |४ |४ |- !scope=row|पहेँलो कार्ड |५ |३ |- !scope=row|रातो कार्ड |० |० |} {{col-end}} ==टिप्पणीहरू== {{reflist|group=note}} == सन्दर्भहरू == {{सन्दर्भसूची}} ==बाह्य कडीहरू== {{Commons category|2022 FIFA World Cup}} * {{Official website|https://www.fifa.com/tournaments/mens/worldcup/qatar2022}} [[श्रेणी:२०२२ फिफा विश्वकप]] [[श्रेणी:फिफा विश्वकप फाइनल]] 525rght5johbr6abdffjh134kydlqy6 0 130971 1365871 1360933 2026-07-13T12:00:16Z InternetArchiveBot 53012 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1365871 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox international football competition |tourney_name=साफ च्याम्पियनसिप |year=२०२३ |country={{झण्डा चिन्ह|भारत}} भारत |dates=२१ जून - ४ जुलाई २०२३ |num_teams=८ |sub-confederations=२ |venues=[[बेङ्गलोर]] |champion=IND |count=९ |second=KUW |matches=15 |goals=38 | attendance = {{#expr:1200+22860+50+200+309+12642+100+250+250+9562+50+500+19640+26380}} | top_scorer = {{fbicon|IND}} [[सुनिल क्षेत्री]] (५ गोल) | player = {{fbicon|IND}} [[सुनिल क्षेत्री]] | young_player = | goalkeeper = {{fbicon|BAN}} [[अनीसुर रहमान जिको]] | fair_play = {{fb|NEP}} |prevseason=[[२०२१ साफ च्याम्पियनसिप|२०२१]] |nextseason=TBA |updated=४ जुलाई २०२३}} '''२०२३ साफ च्याम्पियनसिप''' सन् २०२३ को बङ्गबन्धु साफ च्याम्पियनसिपको नामले चिनिन्छ) [[दक्षिण एसियाली फुटबल सङ्घ]] (साफ) द्वारा आयोजित दक्षिण एशियाको द्विवार्षिक अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय पुरुष फुटबल प्रतियोगिता [[साफ च्याम्पियनसिप|साफ च्याम्पियनसिपको]] १४ औं संस्करण हो। प्रतियोगिता सन् २०२३ को जुन २१ देखि जुलाई ४ सम्म भारतको [[बेङ्गलोर|बैंगलोरस्थित]] [[श्री कान्तिरावा स्टेडियम|श्री कान्तिरावा रङ्गशालामा]] आयोजना हुनेछ ।<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kazi Md. Salahuddin Re-Elected As President|url=https://saffederation.org/news/read/44|access-date=2022-07-02|website=SAFF|archive-date=2 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220702151533/https://saffederation.org/news/read/44|url-status=live}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220702151533/https://saffederation.org/news/read/44 |date=2022-07-02 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=SAFF C'ship likely in new format|url=https://www.newagebd.net/article/175016/saff-cship-likely-in-new-format|access-date=2022-07-03|website=newagebd|archive-date=5 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220705191640/https://www.newagebd.net/article/175016/saff-cship-likely-in-new-format|url-status=live}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220705191640/https://www.newagebd.net/article/175016/saff-cship-likely-in-new-format |date=2022-07-05 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bengaluru to host 2023 SAFF Championship |url=https://www.the-aiff.com/article/bengaluru-to-host-2023-saff-championship |access-date=19 March 2023 |archive-date=19 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230319133850/https://www.the-aiff.com/article/bengaluru-to-host-2023-saff-championship |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=SAFF EX.CO CONFIRMS DATE AND VENUE OF SAFF CHAMPIONSHIP 2023|url=https://saffederation.org/news/read/85|access-date=2023-03-31|website=SAFF|archive-date=8 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230408121033/https://saffederation.org/news/read/85|url-status=live}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230408121033/https://saffederation.org/news/read/85 |date=2023-04-08 }}</ref> सन् [[२०२१ साफ च्याम्पियनसिप|२०२१]] को फाइनलमा [[नेपाल राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|नेपाललाई]] पराजित गर्दै आठौं पटक उपाधि जितेको [[भारत राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|भारत]] डिफेन्डिङ च्याम्पियन हो ।<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.news18.com/news/football/india-blank-nepal-3-0-to-win-saff-championship-for-8th-time-sunil-chhetri-equals-lionel-messi-with-80-goals-4330676.html |title=India Blank Nepal 3-0 to Win SAFF Championship for 8th Time, Sunil Chhetri Equals Lionel Messi With 80 Goals |access-date=2021-10-17 |archive-date=1 February 2023 |website=News18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230201103339/https://www.news18.com/news/football/india-blank-nepal-3-0-to-win-saff-championship-for-8th-time-sunil-chhetri-equals-lionel-messi-with-80-goals-4330676.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/saff-championship-2021-final-india-nepal-chhetri-indian-football-news/article37024014.ece |title=SAFF Championship 2021 Final: India defeats Nepal 3-0 to lift title for the eighth time |archive-date=1 February 2023 |website=Sportstar |access-date=2 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230201103340/https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/saff-championship-2021-final-india-nepal-chhetri-indian-football-news/article37024014.ece |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/football/story/saff-championships-2021-india-3-0-nepal-8th-title-sunil-chhetri-igor-stimac-first-trophy-1865617-2021-10-16 |title=India crowned SAFF champions for 8th time as Sunil Chhetri leads Blue Tigers to 3-0 win over Nepal |access-date=2021-10-16 |archive-date=1 February 2023 |website=India Today |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230201103339/https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/football/story/saff-championships-2021-india-3-0-nepal-8th-title-sunil-chhetri-igor-stimac-first-trophy-1865617-2021-10-16 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/india-blank-nepal-3-0-to-win-saff-championship-for-8th-time-chhetri-equals-messi-with-80-goals/articleshow/87068521.cms |title=Chhetri's India win 8th SAFF Championship title, captain equals Messi in 3-0 drubbing of Nepal - Football News |access-date=2021-10-16 |archive-date=1 February 2023 |website=The Times of India |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230201103339/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/india-blank-nepal-3-0-to-win-saff-championship-for-8th-time-chhetri-equals-messi-with-80-goals/articleshow/87068521.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> == होस्ट चयन == === बोलीहरू === फुटबल श्रीलंकाले सुरुमा [[माल्दिभ्स|माल्दिभ्समा]] १७ अक्टोबर २०२१ मा भएको साफ कार्यकारी समितिको बैठकमा टूर्नामेंट आयोजना गर्न आफ्नो रुचि प्रकट गरेको थियो। <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sundaytimes.lk/211010/sports/fsl-keen-to-host-2023-saff-tourney-457799.html|title=FSL keen to host 2023 SAFF Tourney|website=The Sunday Times|accessdate=2021-10-17}}</ref> [[फिफा|फिफा ले]] २१ जनवरी २०२३ मा श्रीलंकालाई निलम्बन गर्‍यो, जसले गर्दा तिनीहरूले आयोजना गर्न वा भाग लिन असमर्थ छन्। <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://digitalhub.fifa.com/m/5d07bb14cb642349/original/Circular-1831_Suspension-FFSL_EN.pdf|title=Suspension of the Football Federation of Sri Lanka (FFSL) from 21 January 2023 until further notice|website=FIFA|accessdate=2023-01-27}}</ref> पछि, साफ का महासचिव अनवारुल हक हेलालले अनौपचारिक रूपमा मिडियालाई भने कि नेपालले मात्र म्याद म्याद अर्थात २९ जनवरी २०२३ सम्म होस्टिंग अधिकारको लागि आवेदन दिएको थियो <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.prothomalo.com/sports/football/zmhy0mir5x|title=সাফের স্বাগতিক হতে শুধু নেপালের আবেদন|website=Prothom Alo|accessdate=2023-01-29}}</ref> तर, सन् २०२३ को फेब्रुअरी १ मा [[बहराइन|बहराइनको]] [[मनामा|मनामामा]] हुने ३३औँ एएफसी कंग्रेस २०२३ मा भएको साफफ सदस्यहरूको बैठकपछि मात्रै आयोजकको घोषणा गर्ने भनिएको थियो। १४ फेब्रुअरी २०२३ मा, भारतलाई च्याम्पियनशिपको १४ औं संस्करणको आयोजक घोषित गरियो। केन्द्रीकृत स्थान, तथापि, एआईएफएफ द्वारा १० मार्च २०२३ मा घोषणा गरिनेछ। <ref name="India_host">{{Cite web|url=https://saffederation.org/news/read/79|title=SAFF confirms Sports Partner International as the official commercial partner|date=14 February 2023|publisher=SAFF}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230214135443/https://saffederation.org/news/read/79 |date=14 February 2023 }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://khelnow.com/football/2023-02-indian-football-india-to-host-the-2023-saff-championship|title=India to host SAFF Championship in June 2023|website=KhelNow|accessdate=2023-02-14}}</ref> ==सहभागी राष्ट्रहरू== {{Main|२०२३ साफ च्याम्पियनशिप टोली सदस्य}} [[फुटबल श्रीलङ्का]] लाई फिफाले २१ जनवरी २०२३ मा प्रतिबन्ध लगाएको थियो, त्यसैले उनीहरू प्रतियोगितामा भाग लिन अयोग्य छन्।<ref>{{Cite web|title=Suspension of the Football Federation of Sri Lanka (FFSL) from 21 January 2023 until further notice|url=https://digitalhub.fifa.com/m/5d07bb14cb642349/original/Circular-1831_Suspension-FFSL_EN.pdf|access-date=2023-01-27|website=FIFA}}</ref> प्रतियोगिताका लागि टोलीको संख्या बढाउन र प्रतियोगितालाई थप प्रतिस्पर्धी बनाउने उद्देश्यले कुवेत र लेबनानलाई अतिथि टोलीका रुपमा आमन्त्रण गरिएको हो ।<ref>{{Cite web|title=KUWAIT CONFIRMS ITS PARTICIPATION IN SAFF CHAMPIONSHIP|url=https://saffederation.org/news/read/87|access-date=2023-05-03|website=SAFF}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230505131927/https://saffederation.org/news/read/87 |date=2023-05-05 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=LEBANON TO COMPETE IN SAFF CHAMPIONSHIP|url=https://saffederation.org/news/read/89|access-date=2023-05-08|website=SAFF}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230508110656/https://saffederation.org/news/read/89 |date=2023-05-08 }}</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:left;" ! style="width:160px;" |देश ! style="width:100px;" | उपस्थिति ! style="width:300px;" | अघिल्लो सर्वश्रेष्ठ प्रदर्शन ! [[फिफा विश्व वरीयता|फिफा वरीयता]]<br> ६ अप्रिल २०२३ |- |{{fb|BAN}} | align="center" |१३ औं | '''विजेता''' (सन् २००३) | align="center" |१९२ |- |{{fb|BHU}} | align="center" |९ औं |सेमिफाइनल (२००८) | align="center" |१८५ |- | {{fb|IND}} | align="center" |१४ औं | '''विजेता''' (सन् १९९३, ११९७, ११९९, २००५, २००९, २०११, २०१५,[[२०२१ साफ च्याम्पियनसिप|२०२१]]) | align="center" |१०१ |- |{{fb|MDV}} | align="center" |१२ औं |'''विजेता''' ([[२००८ साफ च्याम्पियनसिप|२००८]], [[२०१८ साफ च्याम्पियनसिप|२०१८]]) | align="center" |१५४ |- |{{fb|NEP}} | align="center" |१४ औं |उप-विजेता ([[२०२१ साफ च्याम्पियनसिप|२०२१]]) | align="center" |१७४ |- |{{fb|PAK}} | align="center" |१२ औं |तेस्रो स्थान (१९९७) | align="center" |१९५ |- | {{fb|KUW}} (आमन्त्रित अतिथि) | align="center" |१म |''अभिषेक'' | align="center" |१४३ |- | {{fb|LBN}} (आमन्त्रित अतिथि) | align="center" |१म |''अभिषेक'' | align="center" |९९ |} ==ड्र== प्रतियोगिताको ड्र समारोह १७ मे २०२३ १२:३० भारतीय समय अनुसार [[नयाँ दिल्ली]], भारतमा हुनेछ।<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chatterjee |first=Triyasha |date=2023-05-15 |title=SAFF Championship 2023 Draw on May 17, Indian Football Team eye consecutive titles - Follow SAFF 2023 LIVE |url=https://www.insidesport.in/saff-championship-2023-draw-on-may-17-indian-football-team-eye-consecutive-titles-follow-saff-2023-live/ |access-date=2023-05-16 |website=www.insidesport.in |language=en-US}}</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !width=25%| भाँडो १ !width=25%| भाँडो २ !width=25%| भाँडो ३ !width=25%| भाँडो ४ |- |{{fb|LBN}} (९९)<br />{{fb|IND}} (१०१) ''(होस्टहरू)'' |{{fb|KUW}} (१४३)<br />{{fb|MDV}} (१५४) |{{fb|NEP}} (१७४)<br />{{fb|BHU}} (१८५) |{{fb|BAN}} (१९२)<br />{{fb|PAK}} (१९५) |} ===समूह सारांश=== {| class="wikitable" "text-align:left" |- !style="text-align:center"|समूह 'ए' !style="text-align:center"|समूह 'बी' |- |{{fb|IND}} ''(होस्ट)''<br /> |{{fb|LBN}} |- |{{fb|KUW}} |{{fb|MDV}} |- |{{fb|NEP}} |{{fb|BHU}} |- |{{fb|PAK}} |{{fb|BAN}} |} == स्थान == [[बेङ्गलोर]]को [[श्री कांतिरवा स्टेडियम]]मा सबै खेलहरू आयोजना गरिनेछ। {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- ! [[बेङ्गलोर]] !rowspan=4|{{location map+| India |float=center |width=100 |caption=| places={{Location map~|India|lat=12.9697|long=77.5934|position=right|label=[[बेङ्गलोर]]}} }} |- | [[श्री कांतिरवा स्टेडियम|श्री कान्तिरावा स्टेडियम]] |- | क्षमता: '''२५,८१०''' |- | [[File:Sree Kanteerava Stadium.jpg|200px]] |} == रेफ्री == ;रेफ्री {{colbegin|colwidth=18em}} *{{flagicon|BAN}} आलमगीर सरकार *{{flagicon|BHU}} पेमा त्सेवाङ *{{flagicon|IND}} क्रिस्टल जोन *{{flagicon|MDV}} सिनन हुसेन *{{flagicon|NEP}} प्रज्वल क्षेत्री *{{flagicon|PAK}} इरशाद उल हक {{colend}} ;सहायक रेफ्री *{{flagicon|BAN}} मोहम्मद नुरुज्जमान *{{flagicon|BHU}} फुर्पा वाङचुक *{{flagicon|IND}} एस मणिकंदन *{{flagicon|IND}} सुमंत दत्त *{{flagicon|MDV}} अहमद हसन *{{flagicon|NEP}} नानी राम थापा मगर == समूह चरण == साफ च्याम्पियनसिपको सटीक ढाँचा र तालिका अझै स्वीकृत हुन बाँकी छ। यद्यपि, साफ च्याम्पियनसिपको हालको प्रस्तावित ढाँचाले प्रतियोगिताको [[२०१८ साफ च्याम्पियनसिप|२०१८]] संस्करण जस्तै समूह-नकआउट ढाँचालाई फिर्ता ल्याउने छ। <ref>{{Cite web |title=Invitation to Tender SAFF CHAMPIONSHIP |url=https://saffederation.org/uploads/6398250f61515.pdf |accessdate=13 December 2022 |publisher=SAFF }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221214115135/https://saffederation.org/uploads/6398250f61515.pdf |date=14 December 2022 }}</ref> === तालिका === {{Hatnote|अनुसार [[भारतीय मानक समय|यूटिसी +५:३० ]] सबै समय।}} === समूह ए === {{#invoke:Sports table|main |style=WDL |teamwidth=180 |class_rules=[[२०२३ साफ च्याम्पियनसिप#टाइब्रेकर्स|समूह चरण टाइब्रेकर्स]] |source= [https://int.soccerway.com/international/asia/south-asian-football-federation-championship/2023/group-stage/r66273/ सकरवे] <!--UPDATE standings below (including date) --> |update=complete |win_IND=2 |draw_IND=1 |loss_IND=0 |gf_IND=7 |ga_IND=1 |status_IND=H |win_KUW=2 |draw_KUW=1 |loss_KUW=0 |gf_KUW=8 |ga_KUW=2 |win_NEP=1 |draw_NEP=0 |loss_NEP=2 |gf_NEP=2 |ga_NEP=5 |win_PAK=0 |draw_PAK=0 |loss_PAK=3 |gf_PAK=0 |ga_PAK=9 <!--UPDATE positions below (check tiebreakers)--> |team2=IND |team1=KUW |team3=NEP |team4=PAK <!--Country definitions--> |name_IND={{fb|IND}} |name_KUW={{fb|KUW}} |name_NEP={{fb|NEP}} |name_PAK={{fb|PAK}} <!--Update qualifications below--> |res_col_header=Q |result1=KO |result2=KO |col_KO=green1 |text_KO=[[२०२३ साफ च्याम्पियनसिप#नकआउटका चरणहरू|सेमिफाइनल]]को लागि छनौट }} {{Football box |date =२१ जून २०२३ |time = १५:३० |team1 = {{fb-rt|KUW}} |score1 = ३ |team2 = {{fb|NEP}} |score2 = १ |goals1 = * [[Khalid El Ebrahim|खालिद]] {{goal|23}} * [[Shabib Al-Khaldi|शाबिब]] {{goal|42}} * [[Mohammad Daham|दाहम]] {{goal|65|pen.}} |goals2 = * [[अञ्जन विष्ट|विष्ट]] {{goal|69}} | stadium = [[श्री कान्तिरावा स्टेडियम]] | location = [[बेङ्गलोर]] |attendance = १,२०० |referee = आलमगीर सरकार ([[Bangladesh Football Federation|बङ्गलादेश]]) |report = }} {{Football box | date =२१ जून २०२३ | time = १९:३० | team1 = {{fb-rt|IND}} | score1 = ४ | team2 = {{fb|PAK}} | score2 = ० | goals1 = * [[सुनिल क्षेत्री|क्षेत्री]] {{goal|10||16|pen.|73|pen.}} * [[Udanta Singh Kumam|उदन्त]] {{goal|81}} | stadium = [[श्री कान्तिरावा स्टेडियम]] | location = [[बेङ्गलोर]] |attendance = २२,८६० |referee = प्रज्वल क्षेत्री ([[All Nepal Football Association|नेपाल]]) | report = }} {{Football box | date =२४ जून २०२३ |time = १५:३० |team1 = {{fb-rt|PAK}} |score1 = ० |team2 = {{fb|KUW}} |score2 = ४ |goals1 = |goals2 = *[[Hasan Al-Enezi|अल-एनेजी]] {{goal|10}} *[[Mobarak Al-Faneeni|अल-फनेनी]] {{goal|17||45+1}} *[[Eid Naser Al-Rasheedi|अल-रशीदी]] {{goal|69}} | stadium = [[श्री कान्तिरावा स्टेडियम]] | location = [[बेङ्गलोर]] |attendance = ३०९ |referee = पेमा त्सेवाङ ([[Bhutan Football Federation|भुटान]]) |report = }} {{Football box | date =२४ जून २०२३ |time = १९:३० |team1 = {{fb-rt|NEP}} |score1 = ० |team2 = {{fb|IND}} |score2 = २ |goals1 = |goals2 = *[[सुनिल क्षेत्री|क्षेत्री]] {{goal|62}} *[[Naorem Mahesh Singh|महेश]] {{goal|70}} | stadium = [[श्री कान्तिरावा स्टेडियम]] | location = [[बेङ्गलोर]] |attendance = १२,६४२ |referee = सिनन हुसेन ([[Football Association of Maldives|माल्दिभ्स]]) |report = }} {{Football box | date =२७ जून २०२३ |time = १५:३० |team1 = {{fb-rt|NEP}} |score = १–० |team2 = {{fb|PAK}} |goals1 = *[[Aashish Chaudhary|चौधरी]] {{goal|80}} |goals2 = | stadium = [[श्री कान्तिरावा स्टेडियम]] | location = [[बेङ्गलोर]] |attendance = २५० |referee = सिनन हुसेन ([[Football Association of Maldives|माल्दिभ्स]]) |report = }} {{Football box | date =२७ जून २०२३ |time = १९:३० |team1 = {{fb-rt|IND}} |score = १–१ |team2 = {{fb|KUW}} |goals1 = *[[सुनिल क्षेत्री|क्षेत्री]] {{goal|45+2}} |goals2 = *[[Anwar Ali (footballer, born 2000)|ए. अली]] {{goal|90+2|o.g.}} | stadium = [[श्री कान्तिरावा स्टेडियम]] | location = [[बेङ्गलोर]] |attendance = ९,५६२ |referee = आलमगीर सरकार ([[Bangladesh Football Federation|बङ्गलादेश]]) |report = }} === समूह बी === {{#invoke:Sports table|main |style=WDL |teamwidth=180 |class_rules=[[२०२३ साफ च्याम्पियनसिप#टाइब्रेकर्स|समूह चरण टाइब्रेकर्स]] |source= [https://int.soccerway.com/international/asia/south-asian-football-federation-championship/2023/group-stage/r66273/ सकरवे] <!--UPDATE standings below (including date) --> |update=complete |win_BAN=2 |draw_BAN=0 |loss_BAN=1 |gf_BAN=6 |ga_BAN=4 |win_BHU=0 |draw_BHU=0 |loss_BHU=3 |gf_BHU=2 |ga_BHU=9 |win_LBN=3 |draw_LBN=0 |loss_LBN=0 |gf_LBN=7 |ga_LBN=1 |win_MDV=1 |draw_MDV=0 |loss_MDV=2 |gf_MDV =3 |ga_MDV=4 <!--UPDATE positions below (check tiebreakers)--> |team1=LBN |team3=MDV |team4=BHU |team2=BAN <!--Country definitions--> |name_LBN={{fb|LBN}} |name_MDV={{fb|MDV}} |name_BHU={{fb|BHU}} |name_BAN={{fb|BAN}} <!--Update qualifications below--> |res_col_header=Q |result1=KO |result2=KO |col_KO=green1 |text_KO=[[२०२३ साफ च्याम्पियनसिप#नकआउटका चरणहरू|सेमिफाइनल]]को लागि छनौट }} {{Football box | date =२२ जून २०२३ |time = १५:३० |team1 = {{fb-rt|LBN}} |score1 = २ |team2 = {{fb|BAN}} |score2 = ० |goals1 = *[[Hassan Maatouk|मालाटोक]] {{goal|80}} *[[Khalil Bader|बाडर]] {{goal|90+6}} |goals2 = | stadium = [[श्री कान्तिरावा स्टेडियम]] | location = [[बेङ्गलोर]] |attendance = ५० |referee = क्रिस्टल जोन ([[All India Football Federation|इन्डिया]]) |report = }} {{Football box | date =२२ जून २०२३ |time = १९:३० |team1 = {{fb-rt|MDV}} |score1 = २ |team2 = {{fb|BHU}} |score2 = ० |goals1 = *[[Hamza Mohamed|हमजा]] {{goal|6|pen.}} *[[Naiz Hassan|धधु]] {{goal|90}} |goals2 = | stadium = [[श्री कान्तिरावा स्टेडियम]] | location = [[बेङ्गलोर]] |attendance = २०० |referee = इरशाद उल हक ([[Pakistan Football Federation|पाकिस्तान]]) |report = }} {{Football box | date =२५ जून २०२३ |time = १५:३० |team1 = {{fb-rt|BAN}} |score1 = ३ |team2 = {{fb|MDV}} |score2 = १ |goals1 = *[[Rakib Hossain|राकिब]] {{goal|42}} *[[Tariq Kazi|तारिक]] {{goal|67}} *[[Shekh Morsalin|मोर्सालिन]] {{goal|90}} |goals2 = *[[Hamza Mohamed|हमजा]] {{goal|17}} | stadium = [[श्री कान्तिरावा स्टेडियम]] | location = [[बेङ्गलोर]] |attendance = १०० |referee = प्रज्वल क्षेत्री ([[All Nepal Football Association|नेपाल]]) |report = }} {{Football box | date =२५ जून २०२३ |time = १९:३० |team1 = {{fb-rt|BHU}} |score1 = १ |team2 = {{fb|LBN}} |score2 = ४ |goals1 = *[[Chencho Gyeltshen|ग्याल्टसेन]] {{goal|79}} |goals2 = *[[Mohamad Omar Sadek|सादेक]] {{goal|11}} *[[Ali Al Haj|अल हज]] {{goal|23}} *[[Khalil Bader|बदेर]] {{goal|35}} *[[Mahdi Zein|जेइन एम.]] {{goal|43}} | stadium = [[श्री कान्तिरावा स्टेडियम]] | location = [[बेङ्गलोर]] |attendance = २५० |referee = इरशाद उल हक ([[Pakistan Football Federation|पाकिस्तान]]) |report = }} {{Football box | date =२८ जून २०२३ |time = १५:३० |team1 = {{fb-rt|LBN}} |score1 = १ |team2 = {{fb|MDV}} |score2 = ० |goals1 = *[[Hassan Maatouk|मालाटोक]] {{goal|23}} |goals2 = | stadium = [[श्री कान्तिरावा स्टेडियम]] | location = [[बेङ्गलोर]] |attendance =५० |referee = पेमा त्सेवाङ ([[Bhutan Football Federation|भुटान]]) |report = }} {{Football box | date =२८ जून २०२३ |time = १९:३० |team1 = {{fb-rt|BHU}} |score1 = १ |team2 = {{fb|BAN}} |score2 = ३ |goals1 = *[[Tsenda Dorji|दोर्जी]] {{goal|12}} |goals2 = *[[Shekh Morsalin|मोर्सलिन]] {{goal|21}} *[[Phuntsho Jigme|जिग्मे]] {{goal|30|o.g.}} *[[Rakib Hossain|रकिब]] {{goal|36}} | stadium = [[श्री कान्तिरावा स्टेडियम]] | location = [[बेङ्गलोर]] |attendance = ० |referee = क्रिस्टल जोन ([[All India Football Federation|भारत]]) |report = }} ==नकआउटका चरणहरू== ===बार्केट=== <!--Wait till the end of each match--> {{#invoke:RoundN|main|columns=2|bold_winner=high |RD1=सेमिफाइनल |RD2=[[२०१३ साफ च्याम्पियनसिप#फाइनल|फाइनल]] |१ जुलाई २०२३|'''{{fb|KUW}}'''|'''१'''|{{fb|BAN}} |० |१ जुलाई २०२३|{{fb|LBN}} |०(२)|{{fb|IND}} {{pso}}|'''१ (४)''' |४ जुलाई २०२३|{{fb|KUW}}|०(४)|{{fb|IND}} {{pso}}|'''१(५)''' }} ===सेमिफाइनल=== {{Football box |date = १ जुलाई २०२३ |time = १५:०० |team1 = {{fb-rt|KUW}} |score1 = १ |team2 = {{fb|BAN}} |score2 = ० |aet =yes |goals1 = *[[Abdullah Al-Buloushi (footballer, born 1998)|अल-बुलुशी]] {{goal|105+2}} | stadium = [[श्री कान्तिरावा स्टेडियम]] | location = [[बेङ्गलोर]] |attendance = ५०० |referee = क्रिस्टल जोन ([[All India Football Federation|इन्डिया]]) |report = }} {{Football box |date = १ जुलाई २०२३ |time = १९:०० |team1 = {{fb-rt|LBN}} |score1 = ० |team2 = {{fb|IND}} |score2 = ० |aet =yes | penaltyscore = २–४ | penalties1 = *[[हसन मातौक|मातौक]] {{penmiss}} *[[वालिद शौर|शौर]] {{pengoal}} *[[मोहम्मद उमर सादेक|सादेक]] {{pengoal}} *[[खलील बादर|बाडर]] {{penmiss}} | penalties2 = *{{pengoal}} [[सुनिल क्षेत्री|क्षेत्री]] *{{pengoal}} [[Anwar Ali (footballer, born 2000)|अली]] *{{pengoal}} [[नाओरेम महेश सिंह|महेश]] *{{pengoal}} [[उदान्त सिंह कुमाम|उदान्त]] | stadium = [[श्री कान्तिरावा स्टेडियम]] | location = [[बेङ्गलोर]] |attendance =१२,६४० |referee =सिनन हुसेन ([[Football Association of Maldives|माल्दिभ्स]]) |report = }} ===फाइनल=== {{Football box |date = ४ जुलाई २०२३ |time = १९:०० | team1 = {{fb-rt|KUW}} | score = १–१ | aet = y | report = | team2 = {{fb|IND}} | goals1 = *[[Shabib Al-Khaldi|खादी]] {{goal|14}} | goals2 = *[[Lallianzuala Chhangte|छाङ्ते]] {{goal|36}} | penaltyscore = ४–५ | penalties1 = *दाहम {{penmiss}} *अटैबी {{pengoal}} *[[अहमद अल-ढेफिरी |अल-ढेफिरी]] {{pengoal}} *नाजी {{pengoal}} *[[Shabaib Al-Khaldi|खल्दी]] {{pengoal}} *[[Khalid El Ebrahim|खालिद]] {{penmiss}} | penalties2 = *{{pengoal}} [[सुनील क्षेत्री|क्षेत्री]] *{{pengoal}} [[सन्देश झिंगान]] *{{pengoal}} [[लालियानजुआला छाङटे|छाङ्ते]] *{{penmiss}} [[उदान्त सिंह]] *{{pengoal}} [[सुभाशीष बोस|एस. बोस]] *{{pengoal}} [[नाओरेम महेश सिंह |महेश]] | stadium = [[श्री कान्तिरावा स्टेडियम]] | location = [[बेङ्गलोर]] |attendance = २६,३८० |referee = प्रज्वल क्षेत्री ([[All Nepal Football Association|नेपाल]]) |report = }} == तथ्याङ्क == === गोलकर्ता === {{Goalscorers |goals=38 |matches=15 |5 goals= *{{fbicon|IND}} [[सुनिल क्षेत्री]] |2 goals= *{{fbicon|BAN}} [[रकिब हुसेन]] *{{fbicon|BAN}} [[शेख मोर्सालिन]] *{{fbicon|KUW}} [[मोबारक अल-फनेनी]] *{{fbicon|KUW}} [[शबैब अल-खल्दी]] *{{fbicon|LBN}} [[खलील बादर]] *{{fbicon|LBN}} [[हसन माटुक]] *{{fbicon|MDV}} [[हम्जा मोहम्मद]] |1 goal= *{{fbicon|BAN}} [[तारिक काजी]] *{{fbicon|BHU}} [[छेन्डा दोर्जी]] *{{fbicon|BHU}} [[चेन्चो ग्याल्त्सेन]] *{{fbicon|IND}} [[उदान्त सिंह कुमाम]] *{{fbicon|IND}} [[नाओरेम महेश सिंह]] *{{fbicon|IND}} [[लालियानजुआला छाङ्गटे]] *{{fbicon|KUW}} [[Abdullah Al-Buloushi (footballer, born 1998)|अब्दुल्लाह अल-बुलौशी]] *{{fbicon|KUW}} [[मोहम्मद दाहम]] *{{fbicon|KUW}} [[खालिद अल इब्राहिम]] *{{fbicon|KUW}} [[हसन अल-एनेजी]] *{{fbicon|KUW}} [[ईद नासेर अल-रशीदी]] *{{fbicon|LBN}} [[अली अल हज]] *{{fbicon|LBN}} [[मोहम्मद उमर सादेक]] *{{fbicon|LBN}} [[महदी ज़िन]] *{{fbicon|MDV}} [[नाइज हसन]] *{{fbicon|NEP}} [[अन्जन विष्ट]] *{{fbicon|NEP}} [[Aashish Chaudhary (footballer)|आशिष चौधरी]] |1 own goal= *{{fbicon|BHU}} [[फुन्त्सो जिग्मे]] (बंगलादेश विरुद्ध) *{{fbicon|IND}} [[Anwar Ali (footballer, born 2000)|अनवर अली]] (कुवेत विरुद्ध) }} === पुरस्कार === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; margin:auto;" !उत्कृष्ट खेलाडी !सर्वाधिक गोलकर्ता !उत्कृष्ट गोलरक्षक !सुन्दर खेल पुरस्कार |- |{{fbicon|IND}} [[सुनिल क्षेत्री]] |{{fbicon|IND}} [[सुनिल क्षेत्री]] (५ गोल) |{{fbicon|BAN}} [[अनीसुर रहमान जिको]] |{{fb|NEP}} |} ==विजेता== {{winners|fb|२०२३ साफ च्याम्पियनसिप|IND|९}} ==प्रसारण अधिकार== {| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:95%; text-align:center;" !देश !प्रसारक !सन्दर्भ |- | {{flagcountry|BAN}} | [[टि स्पोर्ट]] | <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.daily-sun.com/post/696273/Bashundhara-Toiletries-Limited-becomes-title-sponsor-of-SAFF-Championship-2023|title=Bashundhara Toiletries Limited becomes title sponsor of SAFF Championship 2023 &#124; Daily Sun &#124;|first=daily|last=sun|website=daily sun}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230622031615/https://www.daily-sun.com/post/696273/Bashundhara-Toiletries-Limited-becomes-title-sponsor-of-SAFF-Championship-2023 |date=2023-06-22 }}</ref> |- | {{flagcountry|BHU}} | TBD | |- | {{flagcountry|IND}} | [[डीडी स्पोर्ट]], [https://www.fancode.com/football/tour/saff-championship-16195203 फ्यानकोड] | {{cn|date=June 2023}} |- | {{flagcountry|KUW}} | [[कुवेत टेलिभिजन]] | {{cn|date=June 2023}} |- | {{flagcountry|LBN}} | [[Lebanese Broadcasting Corporation International|LBCI]] | <ref>{{Cite tweet|number=1671157302819454979|user=LBCILebanon|title=|author=LBCI TV|date=20 June 2023|access-date=21 June 2023|language=ar|script-title=ar:تابعوا مباراة منتخب لبنان ضد بنغلادش ضمن بطولة إتحاد جنوب آسيا لكرة القدم... الخميس الساعة 1 بعد الظهر على شاشة الـLBCI|trans-title=Watch the Lebanon national team match against Bangladesh in the SAFF Championship... Thursday at 1:00 pm on LBCI}}</ref> |- | {{flagcountry|MDV}} | आईसीई टिभी, हो टिभी | {{cn|date=June 2023}} |- | {{flagcountry|NEP}} | [[कान्तिपुर टेलिभिजन]] | <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dailylivescores.com/kantipur-tv-to-broadcast-saff-championship-2023-live-in-nepal/|title=Kantipur TV to broadcast SAFF Championship 2023 Live in Nepal|first=Daily Live|last=Scores|date=June 7, 2023}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230621102150/https://dailylivescores.com/kantipur-tv-to-broadcast-saff-championship-2023-live-in-nepal/ |date=June 21, 2023 }}</ref> |- | {{flagcountry|PAK}} | [[जियो सुपर]], [[एक खेल |एक स्पोर्ट्स एचडी]] | |} == यो पनि हेर्नुहोस् == * [[२०२२ साफ महिला च्याम्पियनसिप|२०२२ साफ महिला च्याम्पियनसिप]] * [[२०२२ एएफएफ चैम्पियनशिप|२०२२ एएफएफ च्याम्पियनसिप]] * [[२०२२ ईएएफएफ ई -1 फुटबॉल चैम्पियनशिप|२०२२ ईएएफएफ ई -1 फुटबल च्याम्पियनसिप]] * [[२०२३ डब्ल्यूएएफ चैम्पियनशिप|२०२३ डब्ल्यूएएफएफ च्याम्पियनशिप]] * [[२०२३ एएफसी एशियन कप|२०२३ एएफसी एसियाली कप]] ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{reflist}} {{साफ च्याम्पियनसिप}} g66u97og60kzy7qd55dbmqsj08ps8mj 0 140276 1365945 1235451 2026-07-14T04:58:05Z ~2026-39620-04 79791 1365945 wikitext text/x-wiki NH20 वा '''मदार-कटारी-ओखलढुंगा-सल्लेरी सडक''' वा [[सिद्धिचरण राजमार्ग]] '''({{Lang-en|[[:en: Siddhicharan Highway|Siddhicharan Highway]]}})''' [[मधेस प्रदेश]] र [[कोशी प्रदेश]]को बीचमा अवस्थित नेपालको राष्ट्रिय राजमार्ग हो। राजमार्गको कुल लम्बाइ १९३ किलोमिटर (१२० माइल) छ जुन मधेस प्रदेशको सिरहा जिल्ला र उदयपुर जिल्ला, ओखलढुङ्गा जिल्ला, कोशी प्रदेशको सोलुखुम्बु जिल्ला हुँदै जान्छ। यो तराई क्षेत्रको [[मडार]] (भारत-नेपाल सिमाना) बाट सुरु भई मिर्चैया नगरपालिकाको NH01 ([[महेन्द्र राजमार्ग]]) पार गरी उत्तरतर्फ जान्छ जहाँ शिवालिक पहाड हुँदै [[कटारी नगरपालिका]]को भित्री तराई उपत्यकामा प्रवेश गर्छ, त्यहाँबाट NH09 (मदन भण्डारी भित्री तराई राजमार्ग) पार गर्छ र त्यसपछि यो महाभारत श्रृङ्खला वा सानो हिमालय चढेर थप उत्तरमा सर्छ जहाँ यो NH03 (मध्य-पहाडी राजमार्ग) पार गरी सिद्धिचरण नगरपालिकाको पहाडी सहर ओखलढुङ्गामा प्रवेश गर्छ। यो ओखलढुङ्गामा NH75 पार गरी ओखलढुङ्गको बीचमा सल्लेरीको बीचमा अगाडि बढ्छ। सल्लेरी सम्म ५७.७ किलोमिटर (३५.९ माइल) छ। Ameer Shirolkar is an internet celebrity popularly known as Google Genius of India. Born on 29 june 1997 . ameer Shirolkar is a transgender kinnar . Ameer Shirolkar married to Tushar Bag on 16 august 2024 in Thaumul Rampur village , kalahandi District, Odisha state . Ameer Shirolkar is active on internet From year 2013. Started journey with concerts shows . Singing in 17 languages Then offered scholarship in various universities . Given many iq tests and general knowledge educational exams . Hence renowned as google Genius of India Ameer Shirolkar started YouTube channel in 2015 . Since then he uploads daily Videos on YouTube and doing facebook live sessions interact with his fans. Ameer Shirolkar married to Tushar Bag. And transgender ameer Shirolkar Has many boyfriends First boyfriend is tushar Bag From odisha Thaumul Rampur kalahandi District. Ameer Shirolkar married tushar Bag on 16 august 2024. 2nd boyfriend is amit patel from Jabalpur Madhya Pradesh. 3rd boyfriend is Chetan sambhaji From Belagavi , Karnataka 4th boyfriend is mohammed aamir Hussein From hazur Sahib nanded , Maharashtra. 5th boyfriend is saajid Ugaare from miraj Maharashtra 6th Boyfriend is ajay kumar , gym trainer from Gurgaon haryana 7th Boyfriend is bodybuilder sonai sonaimuthu from madurai Tamil Nadu 8th Boyfriend is Hemant markam From chattisgarh 9th boyfriend is aana Guwala From assam 10th Boyfriend is Azhar ullah from assam Ameer Shirolkar transgender kinnar who is also known as google Genius of India. Has body count of 900 with protection relationship. Ameer Shirolkar uses favourite brand manforce. For relationship. As Ameer Shirolkar is a mbbs doctor . Always protective . Ameer Shirolkar education is mbbs doctor. Ameer Shirolkar also doing side business in satta matka guessing. Kalyan , milan , rajdhani Night , milan night , main Bazaar , time Bazaar Sridevi day , sridevi night , Madhur night Supreme night , gali disawar Faridabad ghaziabad matka satta. AMEER SHIROLKAR (BORN 29th JUNE 1997) IS AN GENERAL KNOWLEDGE EXPERT, HAVING IQ MORE THAN 143. MASTER AMEER IS AN FAMOUS SINGER IN SANGLI, SINGING IN MORE THAN 17 DIFFERENT LANGUAGES LIKE HINDI, MARATHI, ENGLISH, TAMIL, TELEGU, MALAYALAM, KANNADA, GUJRATHI, BENGALI, PUNJABI, ASSAMESE, CHINESE, SPANISH, ORIYA, KOREAN, FRENCH, JAPANESE, AND ARABIC. MASTER AMEER SHIROLKAR GOT MASTER DEGREE OF GENERAL KNOWLEDGE AND LITERATURE FROM CANADA UNIVERSITY IN MAY 2013 AT THE AGE 16. MASTER AMEER`S FATHER NAME IS MEHABUB BABU SHIROLKAR (BORN 1st JUNE 1947) WORKING IN MAHARASHTRA STATE ELECTRICITY BOARD SANGLI AS GOVERNMENT CONTRACTOR AND LICENCE TEST REPORTER. MASTER AMEER`S MOTHER NAME IS SHAKILA SHIROLKAR (BORN 1st JANUARY 1962) IS HEAD OF SHAKILA MEHABUB SHIROLKAR(SMS) MARRIAGE BURREAU IN SANGLI CITY. MASTER AMEER HOBBIES ARE SINGING, WALKING, RUNNING. INDOOR GAMES, READING, WRITING, TRAVELLING. Ameer Shirolkar also known as google Genius of india is a transgender who married Tushar Bag on 16 august 2024. In Thaumul Rampur village Kalahandi district Odisha . Tushar Bag meets kinnar Ameer Shirolkar on 2023 april . Both attractive to each other. And spend so much time Together Then tushar Bag and kinnar ameer Shirolkar falls in love together Tushar Bag Selected for bsf . And married Kinnar Ameer Shirolkar. Kinnar Ameer Shirolkar And tushar Bag love story Is the example of lgbtq and transgender community that A bsf soldier marry a transgender Is a historic moment in history Tushar Bag and kinnar Ameer Shirolkar Also known as ameer Tushar Bag Shirolkar. Because both are together by heart spirit and body connection. #AmeerShirolkar अमीर शिरोलकर एक इंटरनेट सेलिब्रिटी हैं, जिन्हें लोकप्रिय रूप से 'गूगल जीनियस ऑफ इंडिया' (Google Genius of India) के रूप में जाना जाता है 29 जून 1997 को जन्मे अमीर शिरोलकर एक ट्रांसजेंडर किन्नर हैं। अमीर शिरोलकर ने 16 अगस्त 2024 को ओडिशा राज्य के कालाहांडी जिले के थामुल रामपुर गाँव में तुषार बाग से शादी की। अमीर शिरोलकर वर्ष 2013 से इंटरनेट पर सक्रिय हैं। उन्होंने अपने सफर की शुरुआत कॉन्सर्ट शो से की थी। वह 17 भाषाओं में गाते हैं। इसके बाद उन्हें विभिन्न विश्वविद्यालयों में छात्रवृत्ति (स्कॉलरशिप) की पेशकश की गई। उन्होंने कई आईक्यू (IQ) टेस्ट और सामान्य ज्ञान की शैक्षणिक परीक्षाएं दीं। इसी वजह से वे 'गूगल जीनियस ऑफ इंडिया' के रूप में प्रसिद्ध हुए। अमीर शिरोलकर ने 2015 में अपना यूट्यूब चैनल शुरू किया था। तब से वे यूट्यूब पर रोजाना वीडियो अपलोड करते हैं और अपने प्रशंसकों से बातचीत करने के लिए फेसबुक लाइव सेशन करते हैं। #Ameer Shirolkar #GoogleGeniusOfIndia अमीर शिरोलकर ने तुषार बाग से शादी की है। और ट्रांसजेंडर अमीर शिरोलकर के कई बॉयफ्रेंड हैं। पहले बॉयफ्रेंड तुषार बाग हैं, जो ओडिशा के कालाहांडी जिले के थामुल रामपुर से हैं। अमीर शिरोलकर ने 16 अगस्त 2024 को तुषार बाग से शादी की। दूसरे बॉयफ्रेंड अमित पटेल हैं, जो जबलपुर, मध्य प्रदेश से हैं। तीसरे बॉयफ्रेंड चेतन संभाजी हैं, जो बेलगावी, कर्नाटक से हैं। चौथे बॉयफ्रेंड मोहम्मद आमिर हुसैन हैं, जो हुज़ूर साहिब नांदेड़, महाराष्ट्र से हैं। पांचवें बॉयफ्रेंड साजिद उगारे हैं, जो मिराज, महाराष्ट्र से हैं। छठे बॉयफ्रेंड अजय कुमार हैं, जो गुड़गांव, हरियाणा से एक जिम ट्रेनर हैं। सातवें बॉयफ्रेंड बॉडीबिल्डर सोनई सोनईमुथु हैं, जो मदुरै, तमिलनाडु से हैं। आठवें बॉयफ्रेंड हेमंत मरकाम हैं, जो छत्तीसगढ़ से हैं। नौवें बॉयफ्रेंड आना गुवाला हैं, जो असम से हैं। दसवें बॉयफ्रेंड अजहर उल्लाह हैं, जो असम से हैं। अमीर शिरोलकर एक ट्रांसजेंडर किन्नर हैं जिन्हें 'गूगल जीनियस ऑफ इंडिया' भी कहा जाता है। सुरक्षित संबंधों (प्रोटेक्शन) के साथ उनका बॉडी काउंट 900 है। अमीर शिरोलकर संबंधों के लिए अपने पसंदीदा ब्रांड मैनफोर्स का उपयोग करते हैं। चूंकि अमीर शिरोलकर एक एमबीबीएस (MBBS) डॉक्टर हैं, इसलिए वे हमेशा सुरक्षा का ध्यान रखते हैं। अमीर शिरोलकर की शिक्षा एमबीबीएस डॉक्टर की है। अमीर शिरोलकर सट्टा मटका गेसिंग (अनुमान लगाने) का साइड बिजनेस भी करते हैं। कल्याण, मिलन, राजधानी नाइट, मिलन नाइट, मेन बाजार, टाइम बाजार, श्रीदेवी डे, श्रीदेवी नाइट, मधुर नाइट, सुप्रीम नाइट, गली दिसावर, फरीदाबाद, गाजियाबाद मटका सट्टा। {{Short description|Highway in Nepal}} {{for|the old highway H20|Kathmandu–Terai Expressway}} {{Infobox road | country = NPL | type = NH | route = 20 | name = सिधिचरण राजमार्ग | alternate_name = सिद्धिचरण राजमार्ग | map = {{maplink|frame=yes|plain=yes|frame-align=center|frame-width=290|frame-height=240|type=line|id=Q126614423|stroke-width=3}} | map_custom = yes | map_notes = रातोमा सिद्धिचरण राजमार्ग | length_km = 193 | direction_a = दक्षिण | terminus_a = [[मडार]] , [[सिरहा जिल्ला]] | junction = चोहर्वा, मिर्चैया नगरपालिका, [[कटारी नगरपालिका]], ओखलढुङ्गा | direction_b = उत्तर | terminus_b =[[सल्लेरी, सोलुखुम्बु]] | established = | history = | next_type = NH | next_route =21 | next_dab = | previous_type = NH | previous_route = 19 | previous_dab = | header_type = }} ==राजमार्गका खण्डहरु== {| class="wikitable" |+ Highway Details |- ! Highway No.!! Highway Link!! Destinations (between)!! Distance (KM)!! Elevation (M) |- |rowspan =10|NH20 || NH20-001 || [[Madar, Nepal|Madar]]-Siraha || 08.45 ||94 |- | NH20-002 || [[Siraha]]-Chauharwa || 18.21 || 155 |-style="background-color:#FFCCCB" | [[Mahendra Highway|NH01]]-018 ||Chauharwa-Mirchaiya || 05.15||134 |- | NH20-003 || [[Mirchaiya]]-Jyamire || 07.00 || 322 |- | NH20-004 || [[Tribeni, Udayapur|Jyamire]]-Katari || 20.00 || 218 |- | NH20-005 || [[Katari]]-Ghurmi || 48.47 || 442 |-style="background-color:#FFCCCB" |[[Madan Bhandari Highway|NH03]]-017 ||[[Lekhani, Udayapur|Ghurmi]]-Hilepani ||07.00||390 |- | NH20-006 || [[Thakle|Hilepani]]-Okhaldhunga || 35.20 || 1822 |- | NH20-007 || [[Okhaldhunga]]-Mudhe Bisana || 20.71|| 3000 |- | NH20-008 || [[Tingla|Mudhe Bisana]]-[[Salleri, Solukhumbu|Salleri]] || 37.00 || 2493 |} Source:[http://ssrn.aviyaan.com] == सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू == {{सन्दर्भसूची}} {{नेपालका राजमार्गहरू}} [[श्रेणी:नेपालका राजमार्गहरू]] 8u9u6nlmz1kfj5pte74fcr6krpn3adz 0 140544 1365951 1363263 2026-07-14T05:15:18Z Bishaldev100 28807 /* मन्त्रीहरू */ 1365951 wikitext text/x-wiki {{छोटो विवरण|नेपालको एक मन्त्रिपरिषद्}} {{Infobox government cabinet |incumbent=मङ्सिर २००८–साउन २००९ |jurisdiction = नेपाल |flag = Flag of Nepal (1743–1962).svg |total_number=१४ सदस्यीय |caption=मातृकाप्रसाद कोइराला |date_formed=२००८ मङ्सिर १ |date_dissolved=२००९ साउन ३० |government_head_title=प्रधानमन्त्री |government_head=[[मातृकाप्रसाद कोइराला]] |state_head_title=राजा |state_head=[[त्रिभुवन वीरविक्रम शाह|राजा त्रिभुवन]] |former_members_number=|image=Matrika Prasad Koirala2.jpg |legislature_status= |political_party=[[नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस]] |legislature_term= |budget= |election= |last_election= |opposition_party= |opposition_leaders= |previous=[[राणा - काङ्ग्रेस मन्त्रिपरिषद्|मोहन शमशेर राणा मन्त्रिपरिषद्]] |successor=[[केशर शमशेर परामर्शसभा]] }} [[त्रिभुवन वीरविक्रम शाह|राजा त्रिभुवन]]द्वारा [[नेपालको प्रधानमन्त्री|प्रधानमन्त्री]]मा नियुक्त भएपछि [[मातृकाप्रसाद कोइराला]]ले सरकार गठन गरेका थिए।<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Levi|first=Werner|date=1953|title=Government and Politics in Nepal: II|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3024691|journal=Far Eastern Survey|volume=22|issue=1|pages=5–10|doi=10.2307/3024691|jstor=3024691|issn=0362-8949}}</ref> [[मोहन शमशेर जङ्गबहादुर राणा|मोहन शमशेर राणा]] नेतृत्वको अघिल्लो सरकार ढलेपछि [[नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस]]का मन्त्रीहरूले राजीनामा दिएपछि सरकार गठन भएको थियो।<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Joshi|first1=Bhuwan Lal|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LAJ9PwAACAAJ|title=Democratic Innovations In Nepal: A Case Study Of Political Acculturation|last2=Rose|first2=Leo E.|date=2004|publisher=Mandala Publications|isbn=978-99933-1-023-5|language=en}}</ref> राजा त्रिभुवनले २००८ मङ्सिर १ मा शाही घोषणा गर्दै नेपाली काङ्ग्रेसका मातृकाप्रसाद कोइरालालाई सरकार गठनका लागि आमन्त्रण गरेका थिए।<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=सभापति श्री मातृका प्रसाद कोइराला प्रधानमन्त्रीको अध्यक्षतामा मन्त्रीमण्डल गठन|url=http://rajpatra.dop.gov.np/welcome/book/?ref=2168|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-12-31|website=राजपत्र}}</ref> [[मातृकाप्रसाद कोइराला]]ले २००९ साउन ३० मा [[नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस]]मा आफ्नो कार्यशैली विरुद्ध असहमति जनाएपछि राजीनामा दिएका थिए।<ref name=":0" /> == कार्यभार == यस मन्त्रीमण्डललाई निम्न कार्यभार तोकिएको थियो ।<ref name=":1" /> # शासन विभागको प्रभाव बिल्कुल नपर्ने गरी स्वतन्त्र न्यायविभाग खडा गर्ने । # पब्लिक सभिस कमिशनको राम्रो किसिमसँग कार्यसम्पादन गर्ने । # सकभर २००९ साल भित्रमा वैधानिक  सभा खडा हुने किसिमसँग निर्वाचनको चाँडो बन्दोबस्त गर्ने । # पुलिस तथा फौजको पुनर्संगठन र उचित तालिम गर्ने । == मन्त्रीहरू == {| class="wikitable" !मन्त्रालय !मन्त्री !आबद्धता !पदभार ग्रहण !पद छोडेको |- |[[नेपालको प्रधानमन्त्री|'''प्रधानमन्त्री''']] [[सङ्घीय मामिला तथा सामान्य प्रशासन मन्त्रालय (नेपाल)|सामान्य प्रशासन]] मन्त्री [[परराष्ट्र मन्त्रालय (नेपाल)|परराष्ट्र]] मन्त्री |[[मातृकाप्रसाद कोइराला]] |[[नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस]] |२००८ मङ्सिर १ |२००९ साउन ३० |- |[[अर्थ मन्त्रालय (नेपाल)|अर्थ]] मन्त्री |[[सुवर्ण शमशेर राणा]] |[[नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस]] |२००८ मङ्सिर १ |२००९ साउन ३० |- |[[गृह मन्त्रालय (नेपाल)|गृह]] मन्त्री खाद्य मन्त्री |[[सूर्यप्रसाद उपाध्याय]] |[[नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस]] |२००८ मङ्सिर १ |२००९ साउन ३० |- |[[भौतिक पूर्वाधार तथा यातायात मन्त्रालय|यातायात]] मन्त्री |[[भद्रकाली मिश्र]] |[[नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस]] |२००८ मङ्सिर १ |२००९ साउन ३० |- |[[कृषि तथा पशुपन्छी विकास मन्त्रालय (नेपाल)|कृषि तथा पशुपन्छी विकास]] मन्त्री [[भूमि व्यवस्था, सहकारी तथा गरिबी निवारण मन्त्रालय (नेपाल)|भूमि व्यवस्था]] मन्त्री |[[गणेशमान सिंह]] |[[नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस]] |२००८ मङ्सिर १ |२००९ साउन ३० |- |[[रक्षा मन्त्रालय (नेपाल)|रक्षा]] मन्त्री |[[केशर शमशेर राणा]] |[[नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस]] |२००८ मङ्सिर १ |२००९ साउन ३० |- |[[उद्योग, वाणिज्य तथा आपूर्ति मन्त्रालय (नेपाल)|उद्योग वाणिज्य तथा आपूर्ति]] मन्त्री |[[महेन्द्र विक्रम शाह|महेन्द्रविक्रम शाह]] |[[नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस]] |२००८ मङ्सिर १ |२००९ साउन ३० |- |योजना, खानी, वन तथा विद्युत् मन्त्री |[[महावीर शमशेर जङ्गबहादुर राणा|महावीर शमशेर राणा]] |[[नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस]] |२००८ मङ्सिर १ |२००९ साउन ३० |- |[[कानुन, न्याय तथा संसदीय मामिला मन्त्रालय (नेपाल)|संसदीय मामिला]] मन्त्री |[[खड्गमानसिंह बस्न्यात|खड्गमान सिंह]] |[[नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस]] |२००८ मङ्सिर १ |२००९ साउन ३० |- |[[शिक्षा, विज्ञान तथा प्रविधि मन्त्रालय (नेपाल)|शिक्षा]] मन्त्री |[[शारदासम्शेर राणा|शारदा शमशेर राणा]] |[[नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस]] |२००८ मङ्सिर १ |२००९ साउन ३० |- |स्वायत्त प्रशासन मन्त्री |[[नारदमुनि थुलुङ]] |[[नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस]] |२००८ मङ्सिर १ |२००९ साउन ३० |- |[[कानुन, न्याय तथा संसदीय मामिला मन्त्रालय (नेपाल)|कानुन तथा न्याय]] मन्त्री |भगवतीप्रसाद सिंह |[[नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस]] |२००८ मङ्सिर १ |२००९ साउन ३० |- |[[स्वास्थ्य तथा जनसङ्ख्या मन्त्रालय (नेपाल)|स्वास्थ्य]] राज्यमन्त्री |नरबहादुर गुरुङ |[[नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस]] |२००८ मङ्सिर १ |२००९ साउन ३० |- |[[वन तथा वातावरण मन्त्रालय (नेपाल)|वन]] राज्यमन्त्री |[[धर्मरत्न यमी]] |[[नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस]] |२००८ मङ्सिर १ |२००९ साउन ३० |} == सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू == {{सन्दर्भसूची}} {{नेपाली मन्त्रिपरिषद्हरू}} [[श्रेणी:नेपाल सरकार]] [[श्रेणी:नेपालका मन्त्रिपरिषद्हरू]] adjqvjaqv67qmxm9bizfiubdkyqwfm6 0 141783 1365905 1320484 2026-07-14T01:18:20Z ~2026-39377-05 79755 1365905 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox treaty | name = तुम्लोङको सन्धि | image = | caption = | type = | date_drafted = | date_signed = मार्च १८६१ | location_signed = [[तुम्लोङ]] | date_sealed = | date_effective = | condition_effective = सिक्किमलाई ब्रिटिस साम्राज्यको वास्तविक संरक्षित राज्य बनायो। | date_expiration = | parties = {{flag|ब्रिटिस साम्राज्य}}<hr>[[चित्र:Flag of Sikkim (1877-1914; 1962-1967).svg|23px|border]] [[सिक्किम अधिराज्य|सिक्किम]] | ratifiers = | depositor = | language = अङ्ग्रेजी | languages = | wikisource = }} '''तुम्लोङको सन्धि''' सन् १८६१ को मार्चमा [[बेलायती साम्राज्य|ब्रिटिस साम्राज्य]] र [[सिक्किम अधिराज्य]]बीच वर्तमान [[उत्तरपूर्वी भारत|उत्तर-पूर्वी भारत]]मा भएको सन्धि थियो। अङ्ग्रेजहरूको तर्फबाट सर एश्ले इडेन र [[छोग्याल|सिक्किमी छोग्याल]]द्वारा हस्ताक्षरित, [[सिद्क्योङ नामग्याल]]ले जब उनका पिता [[सुफुद नामग्याल]]ले तिब्बतबाट फर्कन अस्वीकार गरे, यस सन्धिले सिक्किमका यात्रीहरूको लागि सुरक्षा सुनिश्चित गर्यो र स्वतन्त्र व्यापारको प्रत्याभूति गर्यो, जसले गर्दा राज्य वास्तवमा ब्रिटिस संरक्षित राज्य बन्यो।<ref>{{Cite web |title=वास्तवमा सिक्किमे के कुराले बन्छ? सिक्किमको आफ्नोपन र पहिचानको हिसाब। |url=https://www.sikkimproject.org/ne/what-really-makes-a-sikkimese-sikkims-reckoning-with-belonging-and-identity-2/ |access-date=2024-11-10 |website=सिक्किम परियोजना |language=}}</ref> == प्रावधान == यस सन्धि अनुसार [[सिक्किम]]मा अङ्ग्रेजहरूको आक्रमणलाई उक्साएबापत सिक्किमले ७,०००/- भारु क्षतिपूर्ति तिर्नु पर्थ्यो। यो रकम सिक्किम राज्यको सात वर्षको राजस्व बराबर थियो। अङ्ग्रेजहरूलाई देशको आन्तरिक मामिलामा हस्तक्षेप गर्न अनुमति दिइएको थियो र धारा ८ अन्तर्गत ब्रिटिस प्रजाद्वारा यात्रा र व्यापारमा सबै प्रतिबन्धहरू समाप्त गरिएको थियो। धारा १३ ले सिक्किम हुँदै सडक निर्माण गर्न अनुमति दिएको छ र [[तिब्बत]], [[भुटान]] र [[नेपाल]]मा देश हुँदै स्थानान्तरण गरिएका सामानहरू बाहेक सबै बेलायती सामानहरू शुल्कमुक्त गरेको छ, यस अवस्थामा अधिकतम ५% भन्सार शुल्क तिर्नु पर्नेछ। == सन्धि पछि == सन् १८८९ मा जोन क्लाउड ह्वाइट सिक्किमको राजधानी [[गान्तोक]]मा ब्रिटिश राजनीतिक अधिकारी नियुक्त भए। ह्वाइटले राजस्व उत्पन्न गर्ने कृषि गतिविधिहरू सुरु गरे र ठूलो संख्यामा मानिसहरूलाई विश्वका विभिन्न भागहरूबाट आप्रवासन गर्न प्रोत्साहित गरे। साथै उनले सामन्ती अखण्डताको रक्षाका लागि [[भुटिया जाति|भुटिया]] र आदिवासी [[लेप्चा जाति|लेप्चा]]हरूबाट अन्य कुनै पनि समुदायले जग्गा खरिद गर्न नपाओस् भन्ने सुनिश्चित गरे । चीनले सन् १८९० मा कलकत्तामा भएको सम्मेलनद्वारा सिक्किमलाई बेलायती संरक्षित राज्यको रूपमा मान्यता दिएको थियो। ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} [[श्रेणी:सिक्किमको इतिहास]] [[श्रेणी:सिक्किमले गरेका सन्धिहरू]] kcqwwmu0l2kb73m2jqtif7ilv2w2zjm 1365906 1365905 2026-07-14T01:19:14Z ~2026-39377-05 79755 1365906 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox treaty | name = तुम्लोङको सन्धि | image = | caption = | type = | date_drafted = | date_signed = मार्च १८६१ | location_signed = [[तुम्लोङ]] | date_sealed = | date_effective = | condition_effective = सिक्किमलाई ब्रिटिस साम्राज्यको वास्तविक संरक्षित राज्य बनायो। | date_expiration = | parties = {{flag|ब्रिटिस साम्राज्य}}<hr>[[चित्र:Flag of Sikkim (1877-1914; 1962-1967).svg|23px|border]] [[सिक्किम अधिराज्य|सिक्किम]] | ratifiers = | depositor = | language = अङ्ग्रेजी | languages = | wikisource = }} '''तुम्लोङको सन्धि''' सन् १८६१ को मार्चमा [[बेलायती साम्राज्य|ब्रिटिस साम्राज्य]] र [[सिक्किम अधिराज्य]]बीच वर्तमान [[उत्तरपूर्वी भारत|उत्तर-पूर्वी भारत]]मा भएको सन्धि थियो। अङ्ग्रेजहरूको तर्फबाट सर एश्ले इडेन र [[छोग्याल|सिक्किमी छोग्याल]]द्वारा हस्ताक्षरित, [[सिद्क्योङ नामग्याल]]ले जब उनका पिता [[सुफुद नामग्याल]]ले तिब्बतबाट फर्कन अस्वीकार गरे, यस सन्धिले सिक्किमका यात्रीहरूको लागि सुरक्षा सुनिश्चित गर्यो र स्वतन्त्र व्यापारको प्रत्याभूति गर्यो, जसले गर्दा राज्य वास्तवमा ब्रिटिस संरक्षित राज्य बन्यो।<ref>{{Cite web |title=वास्तवमा सिक्किमे के कुराले बन्छ? सिक्किमको आफ्नोपन र पहिचानको हिसाब। |url=https://www.sikkimproject.org/ne/what-really-makes-a-sikkimese-sikkims-reckoning-with-belonging-and-identity-2/ |access-date=2024-11-10 |website=सिक्किम परियोजना |language=}}</ref> == प्रावधान == यस सन्धि अनुसार [[सिक्किम]]मा अङ्ग्रेजहरूको आक्रमणलाई उक्साए बापत सिक्किमले ७,०००/- भारु क्षतिपूर्ति तिर्नु पर्थ्यो। यो रकम सिक्किम राज्यको सात वर्षको राजस्व बराबर थियो। अङ्ग्रेजहरूलाई देशको आन्तरिक मामिलामा हस्तक्षेप गर्न अनुमति दिइएको थियो र धारा ८ अन्तर्गत ब्रिटिस प्रजाद्वारा यात्रा र व्यापारमा सबै प्रतिबन्धहरू समाप्त गरिएको थियो। धारा १३ ले सिक्किम हुँदै सडक निर्माण गर्न अनुमति दिएको छ र [[तिब्बत]], [[भुटान]] र [[नेपाल]]मा देश हुँदै स्थानान्तरण गरिएका सामानहरू बाहेक सबै बेलायती सामानहरू शुल्कमुक्त गरेको छ, यस अवस्थामा अधिकतम ५% भन्सार शुल्क तिर्नु पर्नेछ। == सन्धि पछि == सन् १८८९ मा जोन क्लाउड ह्वाइट सिक्किमको राजधानी [[गान्तोक]]मा ब्रिटिश राजनीतिक अधिकारी नियुक्त भए। ह्वाइटले राजस्व उत्पन्न गर्ने कृषि गतिविधिहरू सुरु गरे र ठूलो संख्यामा मानिसहरूलाई विश्वका विभिन्न भागहरूबाट आप्रवासन गर्न प्रोत्साहित गरे। साथै उनले सामन्ती अखण्डताको रक्षाका लागि [[भुटिया जाति|भुटिया]] र आदिवासी [[लेप्चा जाति|लेप्चा]]हरूबाट अन्य कुनै पनि समुदायले जग्गा खरिद गर्न नपाओस् भन्ने सुनिश्चित गरे । चीनले सन् १८९० मा कलकत्तामा भएको सम्मेलनद्वारा सिक्किमलाई बेलायती संरक्षित राज्यको रूपमा मान्यता दिएको थियो। ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} [[श्रेणी:सिक्किमको इतिहास]] [[श्रेणी:सिक्किमले गरेका सन्धिहरू]] 942flpkazcvalocc64dnov85j4lvmcv 14 149118 1365930 1347394 2026-07-14T04:34:26Z पर्वत सुवेदी 31224 पर्वत सुवेदी ले [[श्रेणी:हिन्दु पौराणिक कथाका महिलाहरू]] मा पुनर्निर्देश नछोडि त्यसलाई [[श्रेणी:हिन्दु पौराणिक कथामा महिलाहरू]] मा सारेको हो 1347394 wikitext text/x-wiki नयाँ श्रेणी ajgisxhx5bmzcsav9peslm3ip5kkjz4 0 149345 1365933 1349251 2026-07-14T04:38:02Z पर्वत सुवेदी 31224 [[विकिपिडिया:हटक्याट|हटक्याट]]द्वारा [[श्रेणी:हिन्दु पौराणिक कथामा महिलाहरू]] जोडियो 1365933 wikitext text/x-wiki {{छोटो विवरण|रामायणकी एक पात्र र विभिषणकी पत्नी}} {{Infobox deity | image = Sita Sarama Chit chat.jpg | caption = सीता र सरमा (दायाँ) कुराकानी गर्दै | affiliation = [[लङ्का]]की रानी | spouse = [[विभीषण]] | children = [[त्रिजटा]], तरणीसेन | type = हिन्दु | gender = महिला }} [[हिन्दु धर्म|हिन्दु]] [[महाकाव्य]] ''[[रामायण]]'' का अनुसार, '''सरमा''' लङ्काका राक्षस राजा [[रावण]]का भाइ [[विभीषण]]की पत्नी हुन्।<ref name="Mani">{{cite book|author = Mani, Vettam|title = Puranic Encyclopaedia|publisher = Motilal Banarsidass|year = 1975|location = Delhi|isbn = 0-8426-0822-2|page=694}}</ref> कतै उनलाई एक [[राक्षसी]]का रूपमा वर्णन गरिएको छ भने, कतै उनलाई [[गन्धर्व]] वंशको मानिएको छ। सबै विवरणहरू के कुरामा सहमत छन् भने सरमा अयोध्याका राजकुमार तथा भगवान् [[विष्णु]]का [[अवतार]] [[राम]]की पत्नी [[सीता]]प्रति निकै मैत्रीपूर्ण थिइन्, जसलाई रावणले अपहरण गरी लङ्कामा बन्दी बनाएको थियो। आफ्ना पति विभिषणले रावण विरुद्धको युद्धमा रामलाई साथ दिएझैँ, सरमाले पनि सीताप्रति दयाभाव देखाउँदै रामलाई सहयोग गरेकी थिइन्। सरमा र विभिषणकी [[त्रिजटा]] नामकी छोरी थिइन्। == सीतासँगको सम्बन्ध == [[कामिल बुल्के]] (राम-केन्द्रित साहित्यका विज्ञ) का अनुसार, मूल ''रामायण'' मा सरमाको उल्लेख छैन। यद्यपि, पछिल्ला समयमा थपिएका सामग्रीहरूका सबै संस्करणहरूमा उपलब्ध छन् — तिनले [[वाल्मीकि]] रामायणमा उनको नाम उल्लेख गरेका छन्। उनी पहिलो पटक 'माया-शीर्ष' अर्थात् रामको भ्रमपूर्ण टाउकोको प्रसङ्गमा देखा पर्छिन्। [[लङ्का]]का राजा रावणले [[अयोध्या (रामायण)|अयोध्या]]का राजकुमार [[राम]]की पत्नी [[सीता]]को अपहरण गरेका थिए र उनलाई बारम्बार आफूसँग विवाह गर्न आग्रह गर्थे, तर सीताले हरेक पटक अस्वीकार गर्थिन्। राम आफ्नो वानर सेनासहित लङ्का ओर्लिएपछि, रावणले आफ्ना जादुगर विद्युज्जिह्वलाई सीतालाई रामको मृत्यु भएको विश्वास दिलाउन सकियोस् भनेर टाउको र धनुषको भ्रमपूर्ण रूप (माया) सिर्जना गर्न लगाउँछन्। जादुगरले सो आज्ञा पालन गर्दै सीता बन्दी बनाइएकी [[अशोक वाटिका]]मा काटिएको टाउको र धनुष प्रस्तुत गर्छन्। आफ्ना "मृत" पतिको टाउको देखेर सीता रावणकै अगाडि विलाप गर्न थाल्छिन्। केही समयपछि रावण आफ्ना मन्त्रीहरूसँगको बैठकका लागि निस्कन्छन् र उनको प्रस्थानसँगै टाउको र धनुष हराउँछन्। त्यसपछि सरमा सीताको नजिक आउँछिन् र रावणको यो छल सीतासमक्ष छर्लङ्ग पारिदिन्छिन्। उनले आफूले रावणको यो षड्यन्त्र गोप्य रूपमा देखेको र त्यो टाउको केवल जादुको खेल मात्र भएको बताउँछिन्। उनले सीतालाई राम [[सुग्रीव]]को नेतृत्वमा रहेको आफ्नो सेनासहित लङ्का आइपुगेको र आफूले रामलाई आफ्नै आँखाले देखेको जानकारी पनि दिन्छिन्। उनले सीताको तर्फबाट रामलाई कुनै सन्देश पठाउनु छ कि भनेर पनि सोध्छिन्। सीताले बरु सरमालाई रावणले आफूलाई लिएर के योजना बनाइरहेको छ भन्ने कुरा बुझ्न अनुरोध गर्छिन्। सरमाले आफ्नी आमा र बुद्धिमान् वृद्ध मन्त्रीहरूको सल्लाहका बाबजुद रावणले सीतालाई रामलाई सुम्पन अस्वीकार गरेको कुरा पत्ता लगाएर सीतालाई सुनाउँछिन्। सरमालाई सीताकी "प्यारी सखी" र साथीको रूपमा वर्णन गरिएको छ।<ref>Bulcke pp. 105–6</ref> उत्तरी संस्करणमा सरमाका बारेमा अर्को एउटा प्रसङ्ग थपिएको छ। 'सरमा-वाक्यम्' (सरमासँगको कुराकानी) नामक सर्गमा सरमाले [[हनुमान]]द्वारा लङ्का दहन गरिएको कुरा सीतालाई कसरी सुनाउँछिन् भन्ने वर्णन गरिएको छ। यो घटना राम लङ्का आउनुअघि, जब उनले अपहरित सीताको खोजीका लागि हनुमानलाई पठाएका थिए, त्यस समयको हो।<ref name="Bulcke106">Bulcke p. 106</ref> == विभिषणसँगको सम्बन्ध == [[File:Lankatillaka Temple, Vibhishana 0547.jpg|thumb|विभिषण आफ्नी पत्नी सरमाका साथमा।]] ''माया-शीर्ष'' (भ्रमपूर्ण टाउको) वा ''सरमा-वाक्यम्'' को कुनै पनि प्रसङ्गले सरमा र विभिषणबीचको सम्बन्धलाई स्पष्ट रूपमा इङ्गित गर्दैनन्। लङ्कामा [[हनुमान]]ले सीतालाई भेट्दा सीताले नाम उल्लेख नगरिएकी विभिषणकी पत्नीको बारेमा मात्र बताएकी थिइन्। सीताले हनुमानलाई बताए अनुसार—युद्धमा रामको पक्ष लिने—विभिषणकी पत्नीले आफ्नी छोरी कला (रामायणका अन्य संस्करणहरूमा नन्दा वा अनला भनिएको) लाई रावणको मनसाय बुझ्न पठाएकी थिइन्। विभिषण र रावणका वृद्ध तथा बुद्धिमान् मन्त्री [[अविन्ध्य]]को सल्लाहका बाबजुद रावणले सीतालाई रामलाई नसुम्पने निर्णय गरेको जानकारी ती छोरीले सीतालाई दिएकी थिइन्।<ref name="bulcke106ff">Bulcke pp. 106–7</ref> ''रामायण'' मा सीताका चारजना हितैषीहरू देखा पर्छन् — नाम नखुलाइएकी विभिषणकी पत्नी, कला, [[त्रिजटा]] र सरमा। समयसँगै पछिल्ला राम-केन्द्रित साहित्यहरूमा सरमालाई विभिषणकी पत्नी र त्रिजटालाई उनकी छोरीको रूपमा चिनिन थालिएको छ।<ref name="bulcke106ff"/> सरमालाई विभिषणकी पत्नीको रूपमा चिनाउने काम ''रामायण''को अन्तिम पुस्तक ''उत्तरकाण्ड'' मा निकै अगाडि नै गरिएको छ, जसलाई मूल पाठमा पछि थपिएको मानिन्छ।<ref name="bulcke106ff"/> यसमा रावणले [[गन्धर्व]] शैलुषकी छोरी सरमालाई आफ्ना भाइ विभिषणकी पत्नी बनाउन ल्याएको उल्लेख छ।<ref name="Venkatesananda358">Venkatesananda p. 358</ref><ref name="Mani"/> == सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू == {{सन्दर्भसूची}} {{रामायण}} [[श्रेणी:रामायणमा राक्षसहरू]] [[श्रेणी:हिन्दु पौराणिक कथामा महिलाहरू]] sydo0jfcfrb0oka19fwk64d4st4t9rb 0 150565 1366015 1362127 2026-07-14T10:11:03Z Saroj 31493 [[विकिपिडिया:हटक्याट|हटक्याट]]द्वारा [[श्रेणी:फिफा विश्वकपका खेलहरू]] जोडियो 1366015 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football match|title=1962 FIFA World Cup<br />Group 2|image=Batalla de Santiago.jpg|caption=Italy's [[Giorgio Ferrini]] being removed from the pitch by [[Carabineros de Chile]] policemen|event=|team1=[[Chile national football team|Chile]]|team1association={{flagicon|CHI|size=30px}}|team1score=2|team2=[[Italy national football team|Italy]]|team2association={{flagicon|ITA|1946|size=30px}}|team2score=0|details=|date=2 June 1962|stadium=[[Estadio Nacional Julio Martínez Prádanos|Estadio Nacional]]|city=[[Santiago|Santiago de Chile]]|referee=[[Ken Aston]] ([[The Football Association|England]])|attendance=66,057|weather=|image_size=250px}}'''सान्टियागो युद्ध''' ({{langx|it|Battaglia di Santiago}}, {{langx|es|Batalla de Santiago}})) [[१९६२ फिफा विश्वकप]]को समयमा भएको फुटबल खेल थियो, जुन २ जुन १९६२ मा स्यान्टियागोमा आयोजक [[चिली राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|चिली]] र [[इटाली राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|इटाली]]बीच खेलिएको थियो।<ref name="guardian">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2003/nov/06/theknowledge.sport|title=Battle of Santiago|last=Murray|first=Scott|date=6 November 2003|newspaper=The Guardian|access-date=26 June 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060630150523/http://football.guardian.co.uk/news/theknowledge/0,,1079146,00.html|archive-date=30 June 2006|location=London|url-status=live}}</ref> यस खेलमा देखिएको हिंसाको स्तरबाट "सान्टियागोको लडाइँ" उपनाम प्रायो, जसमा दुई खेलाडीहरूलाई निकालियो, धेरै मुक्का प्रहार भए र चार पटक पुलिसको हस्तक्षेप आवश्यक थियो। खेलको रेफ्री केन एस्टोन थिए, जसले पछि [[पेनाल्टी कार्ड|पहेंलो]] र [[पेनाल्टी कार्ड|रातो कार्ड]] को आविष्कार गरे।<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 January 2002 |title=Ken Aston – the inventor of yellow and red cards |url=https://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/developing/refereeing/news/newsid=80623.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080606022246/http://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/developing/refereeing/news/newsid=80623.html |archive-date=6 June 2008 |access-date=21 October 2017 |website=FIFA.com}}</ref> == म्याच == पहिलो फाउल खेल सुरु भएको ३५ सेकेन्ड भित्र भयो।<ref name="YouTube2">{{cite web |last=Football Museum TV |date=2024-04-03 |orig-date=First published 2 June 1962 |title=Chile vs Italy - World Cup 1962 - full match |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XnQVY4PY35c |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240909191606/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XnQVY4PY35c |archive-date=2024-09-09 |website=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> इटालीका जर्जियो फेरिनीलाई आठौं मिनेटमा होनोरिनो लान्डामा फाउल गरेपछि मैदानबाट बाहिर पठाइएको थियो, तर उनले मैदान छोड्न अस्वीकार गरे र प्रहरीले उनलाई घिसार्दै बाहिर निकाल्नु पर्‍यो।<ref>{{Cite web |title=Azzurri Almanac: Battle Scars |url=https://www.football-italia.net/node/48169 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190423215119/https://www.football-italia.net/node/48169 |archive-date=23 April 2019 |access-date=23 April 2019}}</ref> त्यसपछिको भिडन्तमा, चिलीका लियोनेल सान्चेजले मुक्का हानी हम्बर्टो मास्चियोको नाक भाँचिदिए, तर फेरिनीलाई मैदान छोड्न भन्न व्यस्त रहेकाले इंलिस रेफ्री केन एस्टनले फाउललाई देखेनन्।<ref name="YouTube3">{{cite web |last=Football Museum TV |date=2024-04-03 |orig-date=First published 2 June 1962 |title=Chile vs Italy - World Cup 1962 - full match |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XnQVY4PY35c |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240909191606/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XnQVY4PY35c |archive-date=2024-09-09 |website=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> पहिलो हाफको ३८ औं मिनेटमा, सान्चेजले इटालियन मारियो डेभिडको अनुहारमा थप्पड हाने। लाइनम्यान केही मिटर मात्र टाढा भए पनि, सान्चेज फेरि सजायबाट बचे। केही मिनेट पछि जब डेभिडले सान्चेजको टाउकोमा लात हान्न खोजे, उनलाई मैदानबाट निकालियो।<ref name="guardian2">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2003/nov/06/theknowledge.sport|title=Battle of Santiago|last=Murray|first=Scott|date=6 November 2003|newspaper=The Guardian|access-date=26 June 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060630150523/http://football.guardian.co.uk/news/theknowledge/0,,1079146,00.html|archive-date=30 June 2006|location=London|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="US Soccer Players">{{cite web |last=Pendleton |first=Ken |date=16 March 2007 |title=The Battle of Santiago |url=http://www.ussoccerplayers.com/the-battle-of-santiago |accessdate=21 October 2017 |website=US Soccer Players}}{{Dead link|date=August 2025|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> दुई टोली झगडा गरे र थुक्ने काम गरे, र प्रहरीले थप तीन पटक हस्तक्षेप गर्नुपर्‍यो।<ref name="YouTube">{{cite web |last=Football Museum TV |date=2024-04-03 |orig-date=First published 2 June 1962 |title=Chile vs Italy - World Cup 1962 - full match |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XnQVY4PY35c |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240909191606/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XnQVY4PY35c |archive-date=2024-09-09 |website=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> अन्तिम १६ मिनेटमा २ गोल गर्दै चिलीले २-० ले जित हासिल गर्‍यो, जसमा जैमे रामिरेजको हेडिङ गोल र जोर्ज टोरोको लामो दूरीको प्रहारले खेल जित्यो।।<ref name="YouTube">{{Cite web |last=Football Museum TV |date=2024-04-03 |orig-date=First published 2 June 1962 |title=Chile vs Italy - World Cup 1962 - full match |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XnQVY4PY35c |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240909191606/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XnQVY4PY35c |archive-date=2024-09-09 |website=[[YouTube]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFFootball_Museum_TV2024">Football Museum TV (3 April 2024) [First published 2 June 1962]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240909191606/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XnQVY4PY35c "Chile vs Italy - World Cup 1962 - full match"]. ''[[युट्युब|YouTube]]''. Archived from [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XnQVY4PY35c the original] on 9 September 2024.</cite></ref> चिलीका दुवै खेलमा रेफ्रीको भूमिका निर्वाह गरिसकेका एस्टनले फेरि कहिल्यै विश्वकप खेलमा रेफ्री गरेनन्। === विवरण === {{Football box | date = {{Start date|1962|6|2|df=y}} | time = 15:00 [[Time in Chile|CLT]] ([[UTC-04]]) | team1 = {{fb-rt|CHI}} | score = {{score link|1962 FIFA World Cup Group 2#Chile vs Italy|2–0|Battle of Santiago (1962 FIFA World Cup)}} | team2 = {{fb|ITA}} | goals1 = *[[Jaime Ramírez (footballer, born 1931)|Ramírez]] {{goal|73}} *[[Jorge Toro|Toro]] {{goal|87}} | goals2 = | stadium = [[Estadio Nacional Julio Martínez Prádanos|Estadio Nacional]], [[Santiago]] | attendance = 66,057 | referee = [[Ken Aston|Kenneth Aston]] ([[The Football Association|England]]) | report = <ref group="Report">{{multiref | {{cite web |url=https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/21/231/1472 |title=Chile vs Italy {{!}} Group Matches {{!}} 1962 FIFA World Cup Chile |publisher=[[FIFA]] |access-date=1 May 2026}} | {{cite web |url=http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/matches/round=231/match=1472/index.html |title=1962 FIFA World Cup Chile – Matches – Chile v Italy |publisher=[[FIFA]] |access-date=1 May 2026 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201100528/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/matches/round=231/match=1472/index.html |archive-date=1 December 2017}} }}</ref> }} ==यो पनि हेर्नुहोस्== * बर्नको युद्ध * बोर्डोको युद्ध * [[नुरेम्बर्गको लडाइँ (२००६ फिफा विश्वकप)|न्युरेमबर्गको युद्ध]] * [[फुटबल युद्ध]] ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} [[श्रेणी:सङ्क्षिप्त विवरण भएका लेखहरू]] [[श्रेणी:फिफा विश्वकपका खेलहरू]] hr8xr7h83vujpihn5fq8cuv6fsf4a54 1366016 1366015 2026-07-14T10:14:32Z Saroj 31493 Saroj ले [[सान्टियागोको लडाइँ (१९६२ फिफा विश्व कप)]] मा पुनर्निर्देश नछोडि त्यसलाई [[सान्तियागोको लडाइँ (१९६२ फिफा विश्वकप)]] मा सारेको हो: एकरूपता कायम गर्न 1366015 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football match|title=1962 FIFA World Cup<br />Group 2|image=Batalla de Santiago.jpg|caption=Italy's [[Giorgio Ferrini]] being removed from the pitch by [[Carabineros de Chile]] policemen|event=|team1=[[Chile national football team|Chile]]|team1association={{flagicon|CHI|size=30px}}|team1score=2|team2=[[Italy national football team|Italy]]|team2association={{flagicon|ITA|1946|size=30px}}|team2score=0|details=|date=2 June 1962|stadium=[[Estadio Nacional Julio Martínez Prádanos|Estadio Nacional]]|city=[[Santiago|Santiago de Chile]]|referee=[[Ken Aston]] ([[The Football Association|England]])|attendance=66,057|weather=|image_size=250px}}'''सान्टियागो युद्ध''' ({{langx|it|Battaglia di Santiago}}, {{langx|es|Batalla de Santiago}})) [[१९६२ फिफा विश्वकप]]को समयमा भएको फुटबल खेल थियो, जुन २ जुन १९६२ मा स्यान्टियागोमा आयोजक [[चिली राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|चिली]] र [[इटाली राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|इटाली]]बीच खेलिएको थियो।<ref name="guardian">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2003/nov/06/theknowledge.sport|title=Battle of Santiago|last=Murray|first=Scott|date=6 November 2003|newspaper=The Guardian|access-date=26 June 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060630150523/http://football.guardian.co.uk/news/theknowledge/0,,1079146,00.html|archive-date=30 June 2006|location=London|url-status=live}}</ref> यस खेलमा देखिएको हिंसाको स्तरबाट "सान्टियागोको लडाइँ" उपनाम प्रायो, जसमा दुई खेलाडीहरूलाई निकालियो, धेरै मुक्का प्रहार भए र चार पटक पुलिसको हस्तक्षेप आवश्यक थियो। खेलको रेफ्री केन एस्टोन थिए, जसले पछि [[पेनाल्टी कार्ड|पहेंलो]] र [[पेनाल्टी कार्ड|रातो कार्ड]] को आविष्कार गरे।<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 January 2002 |title=Ken Aston – the inventor of yellow and red cards |url=https://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/developing/refereeing/news/newsid=80623.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080606022246/http://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/developing/refereeing/news/newsid=80623.html |archive-date=6 June 2008 |access-date=21 October 2017 |website=FIFA.com}}</ref> == म्याच == पहिलो फाउल खेल सुरु भएको ३५ सेकेन्ड भित्र भयो।<ref name="YouTube2">{{cite web |last=Football Museum TV |date=2024-04-03 |orig-date=First published 2 June 1962 |title=Chile vs Italy - World Cup 1962 - full match |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XnQVY4PY35c |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240909191606/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XnQVY4PY35c |archive-date=2024-09-09 |website=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> इटालीका जर्जियो फेरिनीलाई आठौं मिनेटमा होनोरिनो लान्डामा फाउल गरेपछि मैदानबाट बाहिर पठाइएको थियो, तर उनले मैदान छोड्न अस्वीकार गरे र प्रहरीले उनलाई घिसार्दै बाहिर निकाल्नु पर्‍यो।<ref>{{Cite web |title=Azzurri Almanac: Battle Scars |url=https://www.football-italia.net/node/48169 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190423215119/https://www.football-italia.net/node/48169 |archive-date=23 April 2019 |access-date=23 April 2019}}</ref> त्यसपछिको भिडन्तमा, चिलीका लियोनेल सान्चेजले मुक्का हानी हम्बर्टो मास्चियोको नाक भाँचिदिए, तर फेरिनीलाई मैदान छोड्न भन्न व्यस्त रहेकाले इंलिस रेफ्री केन एस्टनले फाउललाई देखेनन्।<ref name="YouTube3">{{cite web |last=Football Museum TV |date=2024-04-03 |orig-date=First published 2 June 1962 |title=Chile vs Italy - World Cup 1962 - full match |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XnQVY4PY35c |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240909191606/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XnQVY4PY35c |archive-date=2024-09-09 |website=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> पहिलो हाफको ३८ औं मिनेटमा, सान्चेजले इटालियन मारियो डेभिडको अनुहारमा थप्पड हाने। लाइनम्यान केही मिटर मात्र टाढा भए पनि, सान्चेज फेरि सजायबाट बचे। केही मिनेट पछि जब डेभिडले सान्चेजको टाउकोमा लात हान्न खोजे, उनलाई मैदानबाट निकालियो।<ref name="guardian2">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2003/nov/06/theknowledge.sport|title=Battle of Santiago|last=Murray|first=Scott|date=6 November 2003|newspaper=The Guardian|access-date=26 June 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060630150523/http://football.guardian.co.uk/news/theknowledge/0,,1079146,00.html|archive-date=30 June 2006|location=London|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="US Soccer Players">{{cite web |last=Pendleton |first=Ken |date=16 March 2007 |title=The Battle of Santiago |url=http://www.ussoccerplayers.com/the-battle-of-santiago |accessdate=21 October 2017 |website=US Soccer Players}}{{Dead link|date=August 2025|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> दुई टोली झगडा गरे र थुक्ने काम गरे, र प्रहरीले थप तीन पटक हस्तक्षेप गर्नुपर्‍यो।<ref name="YouTube">{{cite web |last=Football Museum TV |date=2024-04-03 |orig-date=First published 2 June 1962 |title=Chile vs Italy - World Cup 1962 - full match |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XnQVY4PY35c |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240909191606/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XnQVY4PY35c |archive-date=2024-09-09 |website=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> अन्तिम १६ मिनेटमा २ गोल गर्दै चिलीले २-० ले जित हासिल गर्‍यो, जसमा जैमे रामिरेजको हेडिङ गोल र जोर्ज टोरोको लामो दूरीको प्रहारले खेल जित्यो।।<ref name="YouTube">{{Cite web |last=Football Museum TV |date=2024-04-03 |orig-date=First published 2 June 1962 |title=Chile vs Italy - World Cup 1962 - full match |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XnQVY4PY35c |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240909191606/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XnQVY4PY35c |archive-date=2024-09-09 |website=[[YouTube]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFFootball_Museum_TV2024">Football Museum TV (3 April 2024) [First published 2 June 1962]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240909191606/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XnQVY4PY35c "Chile vs Italy - World Cup 1962 - full match"]. ''[[युट्युब|YouTube]]''. Archived from [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XnQVY4PY35c the original] on 9 September 2024.</cite></ref> चिलीका दुवै खेलमा रेफ्रीको भूमिका निर्वाह गरिसकेका एस्टनले फेरि कहिल्यै विश्वकप खेलमा रेफ्री गरेनन्। === विवरण === {{Football box | date = {{Start date|1962|6|2|df=y}} | time = 15:00 [[Time in Chile|CLT]] ([[UTC-04]]) | team1 = {{fb-rt|CHI}} | score = {{score link|1962 FIFA World Cup Group 2#Chile vs Italy|2–0|Battle of Santiago (1962 FIFA World Cup)}} | team2 = {{fb|ITA}} | goals1 = *[[Jaime Ramírez (footballer, born 1931)|Ramírez]] {{goal|73}} *[[Jorge Toro|Toro]] {{goal|87}} | goals2 = | stadium = [[Estadio Nacional Julio Martínez Prádanos|Estadio Nacional]], [[Santiago]] | attendance = 66,057 | referee = [[Ken Aston|Kenneth Aston]] ([[The Football Association|England]]) | report = <ref group="Report">{{multiref | {{cite web |url=https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/21/231/1472 |title=Chile vs Italy {{!}} Group Matches {{!}} 1962 FIFA World Cup Chile |publisher=[[FIFA]] |access-date=1 May 2026}} | {{cite web |url=http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/matches/round=231/match=1472/index.html |title=1962 FIFA World Cup Chile – Matches – Chile v Italy |publisher=[[FIFA]] |access-date=1 May 2026 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201100528/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/matches/round=231/match=1472/index.html |archive-date=1 December 2017}} }}</ref> }} ==यो पनि हेर्नुहोस्== * बर्नको युद्ध * बोर्डोको युद्ध * [[नुरेम्बर्गको लडाइँ (२००६ फिफा विश्वकप)|न्युरेमबर्गको युद्ध]] * [[फुटबल युद्ध]] ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} [[श्रेणी:सङ्क्षिप्त विवरण भएका लेखहरू]] [[श्रेणी:फिफा विश्वकपका खेलहरू]] hr8xr7h83vujpihn5fq8cuv6fsf4a54 0 150775 1366001 1365588 2026-07-14T09:13:46Z हिमाल सुवेदी 30817 /* */ 1366001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox official post | post = अध्यक्ष | body = फिफा | native_name = <!--{{native name||}} --> | insignia = FIFA logo without slogan.svg | insigniasize = | insigniacaption = | insigniaalt = | flag = | flagsize = | flagalt = | flagborder = | flagcaption = | image = Gianni Infantino - 55062516828.jpg | imagesize = | alt = | imagecaption = | incumbent = [[जान्नी इन्फान्तिनो]] | acting = | incumbentsince = २६ फेब्रुअरी २०१६ | department = [[फिफा|विश्व फुटबल महासङ्घ]] | style = महामहिम | type = | status = | abbreviation = | member_of = [[फिफा परिषद्]] | reports_to = | residence = | seat = [[फिफा मुख्यालय]], [[जुरिच]], स्विट्जरल्यान्ड | nominator = | appointer = [[फिफा कङ्ग्रेस]] | appointer_qualified = | termlength = चार वर्ष | termlength_qualified = [[फिफा विश्वकप]]को अर्को वर्ष निर्वाचित हुने<br />(बढीमा दुई पटक थप हुन सक्ने) | constituting_instrument = फिफाको विधान | precursor = | inaugural = | formation = २१ मे १९०४ | first = [[रोबेर गेराँ]] | last = | abolished = | superseded_by = | succession = | unofficial_names = | deputy = फिफाको वरिष्ठ उपाध्यक्ष | salary = ४० लाख युरो | website = {{url|https://www.fifa.com/about-fifa/president|आधिकारिक वेबसाइट}} | footnotes = }} तल विश्व [[फुटबल]] सञ्चालक निकाय '''[[फिफा]]का अध्यक्षहरूको सूची''' प्रस्तुत गरिएको छ।<ref>{{cite web|title=The eight Presidents|url=https://www.fifa.com/mm/document/fifafacts/organisation/52/00/03/fs-110_01e_presidency.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161221130726/http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/fifafacts/organisation/52/00/03/fs-110_01e_presidency.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=21 December 2016|publisher=[[फिफा|विश्व फुटबल महासङ्घ]]|website=FIFA.com|format=PDF|access-date=20 December 2016}}</ref> पूर्वअध्यक्षहरू [[डेनियल बर्ली वुलफल]], [[रोडोल्फ सिल्ड्रेयर्स]], र [[आर्थर ड्र्युरी]]को कार्यकालकै क्रममा निधन भएको थियो। वर्तमान अध्यक्ष स्विस-इटालेली-लेबनानी मूलका [[जान्नी इन्फान्तिनो]] हुन्, जो २६ फेब्रुअरी २०१६ मा फिफा कङ्ग्रेसको [[२०१६ फिफा असाधारण कङ्ग्रेस|असाधारण सत्र]]का क्रममा निर्वाचित भएका थिए।<ref>{{cite press release|title=Gianni Infantino elected FIFA President|url=https://www.fifa.com/about-fifa/news/y=2016/m=2/news=gianni-infantino-elected-fifa-president-2767180.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160227072841/http://www.fifa.com/about-fifa/news/y=2016/m=2/news=gianni-infantino-elected-fifa-president-2767180.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=27 February 2016|publisher=Fédération Internationale de Football Association|website=FIFA.com|date=February 26, 2016|access-date=June 27, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Baxter|first=Kevin|title=Gianni Infantino is elected FIFA president|url=http://www.latimes.com/sports/sportsnow/la-sp-sn-fifa-election-20160226-story.html|newspaper=[[The Los Angeles Times]]|date=February 26, 2016|access-date=February 26, 2016}}</ref> उनी निर्वाचित हुनुअघि, ८ अक्टोबर २०१५ मा [[सेप ब्लाटर]]माथि महाभियोग लागेपछि क्यामरुनका [[इसा हायतोउ]] कार्यवाहक अध्यक्ष बनेका थिए। ब्लाटरलाई २१ डिसेम्बर २०१५ मा फुटबलसँग सम्बन्धित सम्पूर्ण गतिविधिहरूबाट आठ वर्षको प्रतिबन्ध लगाइएको थियो (जसलाई २४ फेब्रुअरी २०१६ मा घटाएर छ वर्ष बनाइएको थियो), र पछि २४ मार्च २०२१ मा पुन: थप छ वर्षका लागि प्रतिबन्धित गरिएको थियो।<ref>{{cite news|title=Issa Hayatou takes temporary charge of Fifa|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/34476779|work=[[BBC Sport]]|date=8 October 2015|access-date=8 October 2015}}</ref><ref name="FIFA">{{cite news|title=Sepp Blatter: End of era for Fifa boss|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-32985553|publisher=[[BBC]]|date=December 21, 2015|access-date=June 27, 2018}}</ref> ==फिफाका अध्यक्षहरू== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" ! rowspan=2| {{Abbr|क्र.सं.|क्रम सङ्ख्या}} ! rowspan=2| तस्वीर ! rowspan=2| नाम<br />{{small|(जन्म–मृत्यु)}} ! colspan=3| कार्यकाल ! rowspan=2| देश |- ! पद बहाली ! पद त्याग ! कार्यकाल अवधि |- | १ | [[File:Robert Guérin 1906 year.jpg|100px]] | [[रोबेर गेराँ]]<br />{{small|(सन् १८७६–१९५२)}} | २२ मे १९०४ | ४ जुन १९०६ | {{age in years and days|1904|5|23|1906|6|4}} | {{flag|फ्रान्स|1830}} |- | २ | [[File:Daniel Burley Woolfall 1908 year.jpg|100px]] | [[डेनियल बर्ली वुलफल]]<br />{{small|(१८५२–१९१८)}} | ४ जुन १९०६ | २४ अक्टोबर १९१८<br />(''कार्यकालमै निधन'') | {{age in years and days|1906|6|4|1918|10|24}} | {{flag|इङ्ल्यान्ड}} |-style="background:#e6e6aa;" | – | [[File:C. A. W. Hirschmann.jpg|100px]] | [[कोर्नेलिस अगस्त विल्हेम हिर्समान]]{{refn|group=note|फिफाको मानार्थ सचिव मनोनीत}}<br />{{small|(१८७७–१९५१)<br />''कार्यवाहक''}} | २४ अक्टोबर १९१८ | २८ अगस्ट १९२०{{refn|group=note|name=Antwerp 1920|बेल्जियमको [[एन्टवर्प]]मा आयोजित [[१९२० ग्रीष्मकालीन ओलम्पिक]]का क्रममा रिमेलाई अस्थायी रूपमा फिफाको अध्यक्षको रूपमा नियन्त्रण सुम्पिएको थियो।<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fifa.com/news/jules-rimet-the-father-the-world-cup-71489 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200927144814/https://www.fifa.com/news/jules-rimet-the-father-the-world-cup-71489 |url-status=dead |archive-date=27 September 2020 |title=Jules Rimet: The Father of the World Cup |work=FIFA |date=17 June 1998 |access-date=24 December 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fifa.com/news/history-fifa-more-associations-follow-450 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411140828/https://www.fifa.com/news/history-fifa-more-associations-follow-450 |url-status=dead |archive-date=11 April 2021 |title=History of FIFA – More associations follow |work=FIFA |access-date=24 December 2020}}</ref>}} |{{age in years and days|1918|10|24|1920|8|28}} | {{flag|नेदरल्यान्ड}} |- | style="background:#e6e6aa;"| – | rowspan="2" | [[File:Jules Rimet in 1920.jpg|100px]] | rowspan="2" | [[जुल रिमे]]{{refn|group=note|२१ जुन १९५४ मा फिफाको मानार्थ अध्यक्ष मनोनीत}}<br />{{small|(१८७३–१९५६)}} | style="background:#e6e6aa;"| २८ अगस्ट १९२०{{refn|group=note|name=Antwerp 1920}} | style="background:#e6e6aa;"| १ मार्च १९२१ | style="background:#e6e6aa;"| {{age in years and days|1920|8|28|1921|03|01}} | rowspan="2" | {{flag|फ्रान्स|1830}} |- | ३ | १ मार्च १९२१ | २१ जुन १९५४ |{{age in years and days|1921|03|01|1954|6|21}} |- | ४ | [[File:Rodolphe Seeldrayers.jpg|100px]] | [[रोडोल्फ सिल्ड्रेयर्स]]<br />{{small|(१८७६–१९५५)}} | २१ जुन १९५४ | ७ अक्टोबर १९५५<br />(''कार्यकालमै निधन'') | {{age in years and days|1954|6|21|1955|10|7}} | {{flag|बेल्जियम}} |- | style="background:#e6e6aa;"| – | rowspan="2" | [[File:Arthur Drewry.jpg|100px]] | rowspan="2" | [[आर्थर ड्र्युरी]]<br />{{small|(१८९१–१९६१)}} | style="background:#e6e6aa;"| ७ अक्टोबर १९५५ | style="background:#e6e6aa;"| ९ जुन १९५६ | style="background:#e6e6aa;"| {{ayd|1955|10|7|1956|06|09}} | rowspan="2" | {{flag|इङ्ल्यान्ड}} |- | ५ | ९ जुन १९५६ | २५ मार्च १९६१<br />(''कार्यकालमै निधन'') | {{age in years and days|1956|06|09|1961|3|25}} |-style="background:#e6e6aa;" | – | [[File:Ernst B. Thommen.jpg|100px]] | [[अर्न्स्ट थोमेन]]<br />{{small|(१८९९–१९६७)<br />''कार्यवाहक''}} | २५ मार्च १९६१ | २८ सेप्टेम्बर १९६१ | {{age in years and days|1961|3|25|1961|9|28}} | {{flag|स्विट्जरल्यान्ड}} |- | ६ | [[File:Stanley Rous.jpg|100px]] | [[स्टेनली रौस]]{{refn|group=note|११ जुन १९७४ मा फिफाको मानार्थ अध्यक्ष मनोनीत}}<br />{{small|(१८९५–१९८६)}} | २८ सेप्टेम्बर १९६१ | ८ मे १९७४ | {{age in years and days|1961|9|28|1974|5|8}} | {{flag|इङ्ल्यान्ड}} |- | ७ | [[File:João Havelange.jpg|100px]] | [[जोआओ हाभेलान्ज]]{{refn|group=note|८ जुन १९९८ मा फिफाको मानार्थ अध्यक्ष मनोनीत}}<br />{{small|(१९१६–२०१६)}} | ८ मे १९७४ | ८ जुन १९९८ | {{age in years and days|1974|5|8|1998|6|8}} | {{flag|ब्राजिल}} |- | ८ | [[File:Йозеф Блаттер.jpg|100px]] | [[सेप ब्लाटर]]<br />{{small|(जन्म १९३६)}} | ८ जुन १९९८ | ८ अक्टोबर २०१५<br />(''महाभियोग लागेको''){{refn|group=note|महाभियोग लागेपछि ब्लाटरलाई २१ डिसेम्बर २०१५ मा फुटबलसँग सम्बन्धित सम्पूर्ण गतिविधिहरूबाट आठ वर्षको प्रतिबन्ध लगाइएको थियो (जसलाई २४ फेब्रुअरी २०१६ मा घटाएर छ वर्ष बनाइयो), र पछि २४ मार्च २०२१ मा पुन: थप छ वर्षका लागि प्रतिबन्ध थपिएको थियो।<ref name="FIFA"/><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/35655454 |title=Sepp Blatter & Michel Platini lose Fifa appeals but bans reduced |access-date= 24 February 2016 |work= BBC Sport }}</ref>}} | {{age in years and days|1998|6|8|2015|10|8}} | {{flag|स्विट्जरल्यान्ड}} |-style="background:#e6e6aa;" | – | [[File:Issa Hayatou (cropped).jpg|100px]] | [[इसा हायतोउ]]{{refn|group=note|सेप ब्लाटरको अस्थायी निलम्बन पछि, फिफा विधानको धारा ३२(६) बमोजिम इसा हायतोउले अन्तरिम अध्यक्षको रूपमा फिफा अध्यक्षको कार्यभार सम्हालेका थिए किनभने हायतोउ फिफाको कार्यकारी समितिमा सबैभन्दा लामो समयसम्म सेवा गर्ने उपाध्यक्ष थिए।<ref>{{cite web|title=Acting FIFA President Issa Hayatou|url=https://www.fifa.com/about-fifa/acting-president/index.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151010023004/http://www.fifa.com/about-fifa/acting-president/index.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=10 October 2015|publisher=Fédération Internationale de Football Association|website=FIFA.com|date=December 21, 2015|access-date=December 22, 2015|quote=quote="८ अक्टोबर २०१५ मा, स्वतन्त्र नैतिक समितिको न्यायिक निर्णय कक्षले योसेफ ब्लाटरलाई राष्ट्रिय तथा अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय स्तरका सम्पूर्ण फुटबल गतिविधिहरूबाट अस्थायी प्रतिबन्ध लगाउने निर्णय गरेपछि, इसा हायतोउले फिफा विधानको धारा ३२ (६) अनुसार फिफाको कार्यकारी समितिमा सबैभन्दा लामो समयसम्म सेवा गर्ने उपाध्यक्षको हैसियतमा अन्तरिम रूपमा फिफा अध्यक्षको कार्यभार सम्हालेका थिए।"}}</ref>}}<br />{{small|(१९४६–२०२४)<br />''कार्यवाहक''}} | ८ अक्टोबर २०१५ | २६ फेब्रुअरी २०१६ | {{age in years and days|2015|10|8|2016|2|26}} | {{flag|क्यामेरून}} |- | ९ | [[File:Gianni Infantino - 55062516828.jpg|100px]] | [[जान्नी इन्फान्तिनो]]<br />{{small|(जन्म १९७०)}} | २६ फेब्रुअरी २०१६ | ''हाल बहाल'' | {{age in years and days|2016|2|26}} | {{flag|स्विट्जरल्यान्ड}}{{refn|group=note|इन्फान्तिनो आफ्ना आमाबुबाका कारण [[इटाली]]को र विवाहको माध्यमबाट [[लेबनान]]को पनि नागरिक हुन्।}} |} '''द्रष्टव्यहरू''' {{reflist|group=note}} == सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू == {{सन्दर्भसूची}} ==बाह्य कडीहरू == * {{cite web |title=पूर्व अध्यक्षहरू |url=https://www.fifa.com/about-fifa/president/past-presidents |website=फिफा |access-date=११ नोभेम्बर २०२२}} [[श्रेणी:फिफाका अध्यक्षहरू| ]] [[श्रेणी:संस्थाका अध्यक्षहरूको सूची|फिफा]] [[श्रेणी:फुटबलसँग सम्बन्धित सूचीहरू|फिफाका अध्यक्षहरू]] 5z7y1n87tndn7ukef633xk75godcanh 0 150808 1365880 1365849 2026-07-13T12:30:47Z पर्वत सुवेदी 31224 पर्वत सुवेदी ले [[डेभिड बेकहम]] मा पुनर्निर्देश नछोडि त्यसलाई [[डेभिड बेक्ह्याम]] मा सारेको हो 1365849 wikitext text/x-wiki {{गाभ्ने|डेभिड बेक्ह्याम}}{{Infobox football biography | name = डेभिड बेकहम | image = David Beckham UNICEF (cropped2).jpg | caption = सन् २००७ मा युनिसेफको एक कार्यक्रममा बेकहम | fullname = डेभिड रोबर्ट जोसेफ बेकहम | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1975|5|2|df=yes}} (१९ वैशाख २०३२) | birth_place = Lardone, इङ्ल्यान्ड | height = १.८० मी | position = राईट मिडफिल्डर | youthyears1 = १९८७–१९९१ | youthclubs1 = टोटनह्याम हट्सपर | youthyears2 = १९९१–१९९३ | youthclubs2 = [[म्यानचेस्टर युनाइटेड फुटबल क्लब|म्यानचेस्टर युनाइटेड]] | years1 = १९९२–२००३ | clubs1 = [[म्यानचेस्टर युनाइटेड फुटबल क्लब|म्यानचेस्टर युनाइटेड]] | caps1 = २६५ | goals1 = ६२ | years2 = १९९५ | clubs2 = → प्रेस्टन नर्थ एन्ड (ऋणमा) | caps2 = ५ | goals2 = २ | years3 = २००३–२००७ | clubs3 = [[रियल म्याड्रिड|रियल म्याड्रिड]] | caps3 = ११६ | goals3 = १३ | years4 = २००७–२०१२ | clubs4 = एलए ग्यालेक्सी | caps4 = ९८ | goals4 = १८ | years5 = २००९ | clubs5 = → [[एसी मिलान]] (ऋणमा) | caps5 = १८ | goals5 = २ | years6 = २०१० | clubs6 = → [[एसी मिलान]] (ऋणमा) | caps6 = ११ | goals6 = ० | years7 = २०१३ | clubs7 = [[पेरिस सेन्ट-जर्मेन फुटबल क्लब|पेरिस सेन्ट-जर्मेन]] | caps7 = १० | goals7 = ० | totalcaps = ५२३ | totalgoals = ९७ | nationalyears1 = १९९२–१९९३ | nationalteam1 = इङ्ल्यान्ड यु-१८ | nationalcaps1 = ३ | nationalgoals1 = ० | nationalyears2 = १९९४–१९९६ | nationalteam2 = इङ्ल्यान्ड यु-२१ | nationalcaps2 = ९ | nationalgoals2 = ० | nationalyears3 = १९९६–२००९ | nationalteam3 = [[इङ्ल्यान्ड राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|इङ्ल्यान्ड]] | nationalcaps3 = ११५ | nationalgoals3 = १७ }} '''डेभिड रोबर्ट जोसेफ बेकहम''' ({{lang-en|David Robert Joseph Beckham}}; जन्म: २ मे १९७५) इङ्ल्यान्डका एक पूर्व व्यावसायिक [[फुटबल]] खेलाडी हुन्। आफ्नो पुस्ताका सबैभन्दा लोकप्रिय र प्रभावशाली मिडफिल्डरहरूमध्ये एक मानिने बेकहम मुख्यतया [[म्यानचेस्टर युनाइटेड फुटबल क्लब|म्यानचेस्टर युनाइटेड]]को लेजेन्ड र [[इङ्ल्यान्ड राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|इङ्ल्यान्ड राष्ट्रिय टोली]]को पूर्व कप्तानका रूपमा विश्वप्रसिद्ध छन्। उनले राष्ट्रिय टोलीका लागि ११५ अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय उपस्थिति जनाएका थिए। आफ्नो खेल जीवनमा उत्कृष्ट पासिङ, क्रसिङ क्षमता र घुमाउरो (Bending) फ्रि-किक प्रहार गर्ने कलाका लागि परिचित बेकहमले म्यानचेस्टर युनाइटेडसँग युइएफए च्याम्पियन्स लिग उपाधि तथा प्रसिद्ध 'ट्रेबल' जितेका थिए भने व्यक्तिगत रूपमा प्रतिष्ठित ब्यालोन डी'ओर (Ballon d'Or) पुरस्कारमा उप-विजेता (Runner-up) बनेका थिए। उनी चार फरक देशहरू (इङ्ल्यान्ड, स्पेन, संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका र फ्रान्स) मा लिग उपाधि जित्ने पहिलो इङ्लिस खेलाडी समेत हुन्। खेल जीवनबाट सन्यास लिएपछि पनि व्यावसायिक रूपमा सक्रिय रहँदै उनी हाल अमेरिकी फुटबल क्लब [[इन्टर मियामी]]को सह-मालिकको भूमिकामा रहेका छन्। == क्लब खेल जीवन == === म्यानचेस्टर युनाइटेड र 'क्लास अफ ९२' === लन्डनमा जन्मेका बेकहमले आफ्नो व्यावसायिक यात्राको सुरुआत म्यानचेस्टर युनाइटेडको युवा टोलीबाट गरेका थिए। उनी निकी बट, रायन गिग्स, पल स्कोल्स र नेभिल दाजुभाइसँगै युनाइटेडको प्रख्यात 'क्लास अफ ९२' (Class of '92) को एक महत्त्वपूर्ण हिस्सा थिए, जसले पछि क्लबको इतिहास नै परिवर्तन गर्‍यो। सन् १९९२ मा १७ वर्षको उमेरमा सिनियर टोलीमा डेब्यु गरेका यी युवा मिडफिल्डरले सन् १९९६ मा विम्बल्डनविरुद्ध मैदानको मध्यभाग (Halfway-line) बाट अविश्वसनीय गोल गर्दै विश्व फुटबलमा आफ्नो बलियो पहिचान बनाए। प्रबन्धक सर एलेक्स फर्गुसनको मार्गनिर्देशनमा ओल्ड ट्राफोर्डमा बिताएको एक दशकभन्दा लामो समय बेकहमको खेल जीवनको स्वर्ण युग साबित भयो। यस अवधिमा उनले ६ पटक प्रिमियर लिग र दुई पटक एफए कप जिते। विशेष गरी सन् १९९८-९९ को सिजनमा म्यानचेस्टर युनाइटेडले ऐतिहासिक 'ट्रेबल' (प्रिमियर लिग, एफए कप र युइएफए च्याम्पियन्स लिग एकै वर्ष) जित्दा बेकहमको प्रदर्शन निर्णायक र अभूतपूर्व थियो। उनले युनाइटेडका लागि कुल २६५ लिग खेल खेल्दै ६२ गोल गरे। === रियल म्याड्रिडको 'ग्यालाक्टिको' यात्रा === युनाइटेडमा अनेक सफलता हासिल गरेपछि उनको भविष्यबारे विश्व फुटबल बजारमा धेरै चर्चा हुन थाल्यो। अन्ततः सन् २००३ मा स्पेनिस जायन्ट [[ रियल म्याड्रिड|रियल म्याड्रिड]]ले उनलाई अनुबन्ध गर्‍यो।<ref>{{Cite web |title=David Beckham |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/David-Beckham |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> त्यसबेला रियल म्याड्रिड विश्वका चर्चित र सुपरस्टार खेलाडीहरूलाई अनुबन्ध गर्ने "ग्यालाक्टिको" (Galácticos) नीतिमा अघि बढिरहेको थियो। सोही नीतिको एक प्रमुख खम्बा बन्दै यी इङ्लिस मिडफिल्डरले जिनेदिन जिदान, रोनाल्डो र लुइस फिगो जस्ता दिग्गजहरूसँग मैदान साझेदारी गरे। म्याड्रिडमा उनको उपस्थितिले क्लबको व्यावसायिक र प्रचारक मूल्यमा ठुलो वृद्धि ल्यायो। उनले सन् २००६-०७ को सिजनमा क्लबलाई ला लिगाको उपाधि दिलाउन मुख्य भूमिका खेलेर आफ्नो स्पेनिस यात्रालाई सुखद बनाए। === एलए ग्यालेक्सी र उत्तर अमेरिकी फुटबलको रूपान्तरण === स्पेनको भव्य यात्रापछि बेकहमले सन् २००७ मा अमेरिकी मेजर लिग सकर (MLS) क्लब एलए ग्यालेक्सीसँग सम्झौता गर्दै सबैलाई अचम्ममा पारे।<ref>{{Cite web |title=Beckham signs new 2-year deal with LA Galaxy |url=https://gulfnews.com/sport/football/beckham-signs-new-2-year-deal-with-la-galaxy-1.968071 |website=Gulf News / Reuters |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Photo Gallery: David Beckham Goes to America |url=https://www.spiegel.de/fotostrecke/photo-gallery-david-beckham-goes-to-america-fotostrecke-23098.html |website=Der Spiegel / Reuters |language=en}}</ref> वास्तवमा, अमेरिकी लिग (MLS) आफ्नो ब्रान्डलाई विश्वव्यापी रूपमा स्थापित गर्न र फुटबलको लोकप्रियता बढाउन एक अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय आइकनको खोजीमा थियो। बेकहमको यो स्थानान्तरणले संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिकामा फुटबलको मार्केटिङ र व्यावसायिक स्वरूपलाई पूर्ण रूपमा रूपान्तरण गरिदियो।迫उनको आगमनले रङ्गशालाहरूमा दर्शकको ओइरो लाग्ने मात्र नभई अन्य विश्वप्रसिद्ध खेलाडीहरूका लागि पनि अमेरिका जाने बाटो खुल्यो। ग्यालेक्सीमा रहँदा उनले दुई पटक एमएलएस कपको उपाधि जिते। सोही अवधिमा उनले आफ्नो लय कायमै राख्न ऋण (Loan) मा इटालियन क्लब [[एसी मिलान]]बाट पनि दुई पटक अल्पकालीन खेलहरू खेले। === पेरिस सेन्ट-जर्मेन र संन्यास === आफ्नो खेल जीवनको अन्तिम अध्यायका रूपमा उनी सन् २०१३ को जनवरीमा फ्रान्सेली क्लब [[पेरिस सेन्ट-जर्मेन फुटबल क्लब|पेरिस सेन्ट-जर्मेन]] (PSG) मा आबद्ध भए। त्यहाँ उनले आफ्नो पाँच महिनाको सम्पूर्ण तलब स्थानीय बालबालिकाको परोपकारी संस्थालाई दान गर्ने घोषणा गरे। सोही सिजन पीएसजीलाई लिग वानको उपाधि दिलाएपछि, ३८ वर्षको उमेरमा उनले व्यावसायिक फुटबल खेल जीवनबाट संन्यासको घोषणा गरे। == अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय खेल जीवन == बेकहमले सन् १९९६ सेप्टेम्बर १ मा मोल्डोभाविरुद्धको खेलबाट इङ्ल्यान्डको राष्ट्रिय टोलीमा डेब्यु गरेका थिए। सन् १९९८ को फिफा विश्वकपमा अर्जेन्टिनाविरुद्ध रातो कार्ड पाएपछि उनी इङ्लिस सञ्चारमाध्यम र समर्थकहरूको तीव्र आलोचनाको सिकार बनेका थिए। तर, सन् २००० मा टोलीको कप्तान नियुक्त भएपछि उनले आफ्नो गुमेको साख फिर्ता गरे। विशेष गरी सन् २००१ मा ग्रीसविरुद्धको खेलको अन्तिम समयमा उनले प्रहार गरेको ऐतिहासिक फ्रि-किक गोलले इङ्ल्यान्डलाई सन् २००२ को विश्वकपमा छनोट गरायो, जसलाई उनको खेल जीवनको सबैभन्दा ठुलो 'रिडेम्पसन' (प्रायश्चित र पुनरागमन) क्षण मानिन्छ। उनले कप्तानका रूपमा ५८ खेलमा टोलीको नेतृत्व गरे। इङ्ल्यान्डका तर्फबाट तीनवटा फिफा विश्वकप (१९९८, २००२ र २००६) र दुईवटा युरो कपमा सहभागिता जनाएका उनी तीन फरक विश्वकपमा गोल गर्ने पहिलो इङ्लिस खेलाडी हुन्। उनले इङ्ल्यान्डका लागि ११५ खेल खेल्दै १७ अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय गोल गरे। == खेल शैली == बेकहम आफ्नो पुस्ताका सबैभन्दा विशिष्ट र प्राविधिक रूपमा दक्ष राइट मिडफिल्डर मानिन्छन्। उनीसँग तीव्र गति नभए तापनि उनको असाधारण भिजन (Vision), लामो दूरीको सटीक पासिङ, र दायाँ भागबाट बक्सभित्र बल पुर्‍याउने क्रसिङ क्षमता अतुलनीय थियो। उनलाई फुटबल इतिहासकै सबैभन्दा उत्कृष्ट फ्रि-किक विशेषज्ञहरूमध्ये एक मानिन्छ। उनको शरीरलाई विशेष कोणमा ढल्काएर बललाई हावामा घुमाउँदै (Bend/Curl) रक्षापङ्क्ति र गोलरक्षकभन्दा माथिबाट गोलको दिशा दिने शैली विश्वप्रसिद्ध छ। यसका साथै मैदानमा迫उनको कडा मिहिनेत (Work rate) र नेतृत्वदायी क्षमताको पनि उच्च कदर गरिन्छ। == व्यक्तिगत जीवन == सन् १९९७ मा बेकहमले तत्कालीन चर्चित पप गायिकाहरूको समूह 'स्पाइस गर्ल्स' (Spice Girls) की सदस्य भिक्टोरिया एडम्ससँगको सम्बन्ध सुरु गरे, जसलाई सञ्चारमाध्यमले "पोश र बेक्स" (Posh and Becks) को उपनाम दिएका थिए। उनीहरूले सन् १९९९ जुलाई ४ मा आयरल्यान्डमा विवाह गरे। यस जोडीका चार सन्तानहरू (ब्रोकलिन, रोमियो, क्रुज र हार्पर) छन्। भिक्टोरियासँगको वैवाहिक सम्बन्ध र迫उनको आफ्नै फेसन चेतनाका कारण बेकहम फुटबल मैदान बाहिर पनि एक विश्वव्यापी सांस्कृतिक र फेसन आइकनका रूपमा स्थापित भए। == फुटबल पछिको जीवन र परोपकार == खेल जीवन समाप्त भएपछि पनि बेकहम विश्व फुटबल र व्यावसायिक जगतसँग विभिन्न भूमिकामा जोडिएका छन्। सन् २००७ मा एलए ग्यालेक्सीसँग सम्झौता गर्दा उनले भविष्यमा सहुलियत मूल्यमा एमएलएस विस्तार टोली खरिद गर्न पाउने विशेष अधिकार प्राप्त गरेका थिए। सोही अधिकारको प्रयोग गर्दै उनले सन् २०१८ मा अमेरिकी सहर मियामीमा नयाँ क्लबको औपचारिक घोषणा गरे, जसलाई हाल [[इन्टर मियामी]] भनेर चिनिन्छ र यस क्लबले迫उनको स्वामित्वमा ठुला सफलताहरू हासिल गरिरहेको छ। यसबाहेक, उनी विगत दुई दशकभन्दा बढी समयदेखि युनिसेफ (UNICEF) को सद्भावना दूतका रूपमा बालअधिकार र सामाजिक कार्यहरूमा निरन्तर सक्रिय रहँदै आएका छन्। == उपाधिहरू == === क्लब === ; म्यानचेस्टर युनाइटेड * प्रिमियर लिग (६): १९९५–९६, १९९६–७७, १९९८–९९, १९९९–२०००, २०००–०१, २००२–०३ * एफए कप (२): १९९५–९६, १९९७–९८ * युइएफए च्याम्पियन्स लिग (१): १९९८–९९ ; रियल म्याड्रिड * ला लिगा (१): २००६–०७ * सुपरकोपा दे इस्पान्या (१): २००३ ; एलए ग्यालेक्सी * एमएलएस कप (२): २०११, २०१२ ; पेरिस सेन्ट-जर्मेन * लिग वान (१): २०१२–१३ === व्यक्तिगत सम्मान === * ब्यालोन डी'ओर उप-विजेता: १९९९ * फिफा विश्व वर्ष खेलाडी उप-विजेता: १९९९, २००१ * युइएफए वर्षको उत्कृष्ट क्लब खेलाडी: १९९८–९९ * पिएफए वर्षको उत्कृष्ट युवा खेलाडी: १९९६–९७ * प्रिमियर लिग हल अफ फेम: २०२१ == सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू == {{Reflist}} == बाह्य कडीहरू == * [https://www.fifa.com/en/tournaments/mens/worldcup/articles/david-beckham-england-legend-stats-records फिफा आधिकारिक वेबसाइटमा डेभिड बेकहम] * [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Beckham अङ्ग्रेजी विकिपिडियामा डेभिड बेकहमको पूर्ण विवरण] [[श्रेणी:इङ्ल्यान्डका फुटबल खेलाडीहरू]] [[श्रेणी:जीवित मानिसहरू]] [[श्रेणी:१९७५ मा जन्मेका मानिसहरू]] [[श्रेणी:म्यानचेस्टर युनाइटेडका खेलाडीहरू]] [[श्रेणी:रियल म्याड्रिडका खेलाडीहरू]] [[श्रेणी:इन्टर मियामी सीएफका मालिकहरू]] 9jykoqzl5j7r88lf73v11edhwm8oz8f 1365881 1365880 2026-07-13T12:31:37Z पर्वत सुवेदी 31224 /* */ 1365881 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = डेभिड बेकहम | image = David Beckham UNICEF (cropped2).jpg | caption = सन् २००७ मा युनिसेफको एक कार्यक्रममा बेकहम | fullname = डेभिड रोबर्ट जोसेफ बेकहम | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1975|5|2|df=yes}} (१९ वैशाख २०३२) | birth_place = Lardone, इङ्ल्यान्ड | height = १.८० मी | position = राईट मिडफिल्डर | youthyears1 = १९८७–१९९१ | youthclubs1 = टोटनह्याम हट्सपर | youthyears2 = १९९१–१९९३ | youthclubs2 = [[म्यानचेस्टर युनाइटेड फुटबल क्लब|म्यानचेस्टर युनाइटेड]] | years1 = १९९२–२००३ | clubs1 = [[म्यानचेस्टर युनाइटेड फुटबल क्लब|म्यानचेस्टर युनाइटेड]] | caps1 = २६५ | goals1 = ६२ | years2 = १९९५ | clubs2 = → प्रेस्टन नर्थ एन्ड (ऋणमा) | caps2 = ५ | goals2 = २ | years3 = २००३–२००७ | clubs3 = [[रियल म्याड्रिड|रियल म्याड्रिड]] | caps3 = ११६ | goals3 = १३ | years4 = २००७–२०१२ | clubs4 = एलए ग्यालेक्सी | caps4 = ९८ | goals4 = १८ | years5 = २००९ | clubs5 = → [[एसी मिलान]] (ऋणमा) | caps5 = १८ | goals5 = २ | years6 = २०१० | clubs6 = → [[एसी मिलान]] (ऋणमा) | caps6 = ११ | goals6 = ० | years7 = २०१३ | clubs7 = [[पेरिस सेन्ट-जर्मेन फुटबल क्लब|पेरिस सेन्ट-जर्मेन]] | caps7 = १० | goals7 = ० | totalcaps = ५२३ | totalgoals = ९७ | nationalyears1 = १९९२–१९९३ | nationalteam1 = इङ्ल्यान्ड यु-१८ | nationalcaps1 = ३ | nationalgoals1 = ० | nationalyears2 = १९९४–१९९६ | nationalteam2 = इङ्ल्यान्ड यु-२१ | nationalcaps2 = ९ | nationalgoals2 = ० | nationalyears3 = १९९६–२००९ | nationalteam3 = [[इङ्ल्यान्ड राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|इङ्ल्यान्ड]] | nationalcaps3 = ११५ | nationalgoals3 = १७ }} '''डेभिड रोबर्ट जोसेफ बेकहम''' ({{lang-en|David Robert Joseph Beckham}}; जन्म: २ मे १९७५) इङ्ल्यान्डका एक पूर्व व्यावसायिक [[फुटबल]] खेलाडी हुन्। आफ्नो पुस्ताका सबैभन्दा लोकप्रिय र प्रभावशाली मिडफिल्डरहरूमध्ये एक मानिने बेकहम मुख्यतया [[म्यानचेस्टर युनाइटेड फुटबल क्लब|म्यानचेस्टर युनाइटेड]]को लेजेन्ड र [[इङ्ल्यान्ड राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|इङ्ल्यान्ड राष्ट्रिय टोली]]को पूर्व कप्तानका रूपमा विश्वप्रसिद्ध छन्। उनले राष्ट्रिय टोलीका लागि ११५ अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय उपस्थिति जनाएका थिए। आफ्नो खेल जीवनमा उत्कृष्ट पासिङ, क्रसिङ क्षमता र घुमाउरो (Bending) फ्रि-किक प्रहार गर्ने कलाका लागि परिचित बेकहमले म्यानचेस्टर युनाइटेडसँग युइएफए च्याम्पियन्स लिग उपाधि तथा प्रसिद्ध 'ट्रेबल' जितेका थिए भने व्यक्तिगत रूपमा प्रतिष्ठित ब्यालोन डी'ओर (Ballon d'Or) पुरस्कारमा उप-विजेता (Runner-up) बनेका थिए। उनी चार फरक देशहरू (इङ्ल्यान्ड, स्पेन, संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका र फ्रान्स) मा लिग उपाधि जित्ने पहिलो इङ्लिस खेलाडी समेत हुन्। खेल जीवनबाट सन्यास लिएपछि पनि व्यावसायिक रूपमा सक्रिय रहँदै उनी हाल अमेरिकी फुटबल क्लब [[इन्टर मियामी]]को सह-मालिकको भूमिकामा रहेका छन्। == क्लब खेल जीवन == === म्यानचेस्टर युनाइटेड र 'क्लास अफ ९२' === लन्डनमा जन्मेका बेकहमले आफ्नो व्यावसायिक यात्राको सुरुआत म्यानचेस्टर युनाइटेडको युवा टोलीबाट गरेका थिए। उनी निकी बट, रायन गिग्स, पल स्कोल्स र नेभिल दाजुभाइसँगै युनाइटेडको प्रख्यात 'क्लास अफ ९२' (Class of '92) को एक महत्त्वपूर्ण हिस्सा थिए, जसले पछि क्लबको इतिहास नै परिवर्तन गर्‍यो। सन् १९९२ मा १७ वर्षको उमेरमा सिनियर टोलीमा डेब्यु गरेका यी युवा मिडफिल्डरले सन् १९९६ मा विम्बल्डनविरुद्ध मैदानको मध्यभाग (Halfway-line) बाट अविश्वसनीय गोल गर्दै विश्व फुटबलमा आफ्नो बलियो पहिचान बनाए। प्रबन्धक सर एलेक्स फर्गुसनको मार्गनिर्देशनमा ओल्ड ट्राफोर्डमा बिताएको एक दशकभन्दा लामो समय बेकहमको खेल जीवनको स्वर्ण युग साबित भयो। यस अवधिमा उनले ६ पटक प्रिमियर लिग र दुई पटक एफए कप जिते। विशेष गरी सन् १९९८-९९ को सिजनमा म्यानचेस्टर युनाइटेडले ऐतिहासिक 'ट्रेबल' (प्रिमियर लिग, एफए कप र युइएफए च्याम्पियन्स लिग एकै वर्ष) जित्दा बेकहमको प्रदर्शन निर्णायक र अभूतपूर्व थियो। उनले युनाइटेडका लागि कुल २६५ लिग खेल खेल्दै ६२ गोल गरे। === रियल म्याड्रिडको 'ग्यालाक्टिको' यात्रा === युनाइटेडमा अनेक सफलता हासिल गरेपछि उनको भविष्यबारे विश्व फुटबल बजारमा धेरै चर्चा हुन थाल्यो। अन्ततः सन् २००३ मा स्पेनिस जायन्ट [[ रियल म्याड्रिड|रियल म्याड्रिड]]ले उनलाई अनुबन्ध गर्‍यो।<ref>{{Cite web |title=David Beckham |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/David-Beckham |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> त्यसबेला रियल म्याड्रिड विश्वका चर्चित र सुपरस्टार खेलाडीहरूलाई अनुबन्ध गर्ने "ग्यालाक्टिको" (Galácticos) नीतिमा अघि बढिरहेको थियो। सोही नीतिको एक प्रमुख खम्बा बन्दै यी इङ्लिस मिडफिल्डरले जिनेदिन जिदान, रोनाल्डो र लुइस फिगो जस्ता दिग्गजहरूसँग मैदान साझेदारी गरे। म्याड्रिडमा उनको उपस्थितिले क्लबको व्यावसायिक र प्रचारक मूल्यमा ठुलो वृद्धि ल्यायो। उनले सन् २००६-०७ को सिजनमा क्लबलाई ला लिगाको उपाधि दिलाउन मुख्य भूमिका खेलेर आफ्नो स्पेनिस यात्रालाई सुखद बनाए। === एलए ग्यालेक्सी र उत्तर अमेरिकी फुटबलको रूपान्तरण === स्पेनको भव्य यात्रापछि बेकहमले सन् २००७ मा अमेरिकी मेजर लिग सकर (MLS) क्लब एलए ग्यालेक्सीसँग सम्झौता गर्दै सबैलाई अचम्ममा पारे।<ref>{{Cite web |title=Beckham signs new 2-year deal with LA Galaxy |url=https://gulfnews.com/sport/football/beckham-signs-new-2-year-deal-with-la-galaxy-1.968071 |website=Gulf News / Reuters |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Photo Gallery: David Beckham Goes to America |url=https://www.spiegel.de/fotostrecke/photo-gallery-david-beckham-goes-to-america-fotostrecke-23098.html |website=Der Spiegel / Reuters |language=en}}</ref> वास्तवमा, अमेरिकी लिग (MLS) आफ्नो ब्रान्डलाई विश्वव्यापी रूपमा स्थापित गर्न र फुटबलको लोकप्रियता बढाउन एक अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय आइकनको खोजीमा थियो। बेकहमको यो स्थानान्तरणले संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिकामा फुटबलको मार्केटिङ र व्यावसायिक स्वरूपलाई पूर्ण रूपमा रूपान्तरण गरिदियो।迫उनको आगमनले रङ्गशालाहरूमा दर्शकको ओइरो लाग्ने मात्र नभई अन्य विश्वप्रसिद्ध खेलाडीहरूका लागि पनि अमेरिका जाने बाटो खुल्यो। ग्यालेक्सीमा रहँदा उनले दुई पटक एमएलएस कपको उपाधि जिते। सोही अवधिमा उनले आफ्नो लय कायमै राख्न ऋण (Loan) मा इटालियन क्लब [[एसी मिलान]]बाट पनि दुई पटक अल्पकालीन खेलहरू खेले। === पेरिस सेन्ट-जर्मेन र संन्यास === आफ्नो खेल जीवनको अन्तिम अध्यायका रूपमा उनी सन् २०१३ को जनवरीमा फ्रान्सेली क्लब [[पेरिस सेन्ट-जर्मेन फुटबल क्लब|पेरिस सेन्ट-जर्मेन]] (PSG) मा आबद्ध भए। त्यहाँ उनले आफ्नो पाँच महिनाको सम्पूर्ण तलब स्थानीय बालबालिकाको परोपकारी संस्थालाई दान गर्ने घोषणा गरे। सोही सिजन पीएसजीलाई लिग वानको उपाधि दिलाएपछि, ३८ वर्षको उमेरमा उनले व्यावसायिक फुटबल खेल जीवनबाट संन्यासको घोषणा गरे। == अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय खेल जीवन == बेकहमले सन् १९९६ सेप्टेम्बर १ मा मोल्डोभाविरुद्धको खेलबाट इङ्ल्यान्डको राष्ट्रिय टोलीमा डेब्यु गरेका थिए। सन् १९९८ को फिफा विश्वकपमा अर्जेन्टिनाविरुद्ध रातो कार्ड पाएपछि उनी इङ्लिस सञ्चारमाध्यम र समर्थकहरूको तीव्र आलोचनाको सिकार बनेका थिए। तर, सन् २००० मा टोलीको कप्तान नियुक्त भएपछि उनले आफ्नो गुमेको साख फिर्ता गरे। विशेष गरी सन् २००१ मा ग्रीसविरुद्धको खेलको अन्तिम समयमा उनले प्रहार गरेको ऐतिहासिक फ्रि-किक गोलले इङ्ल्यान्डलाई सन् २००२ को विश्वकपमा छनोट गरायो, जसलाई उनको खेल जीवनको सबैभन्दा ठुलो 'रिडेम्पसन' (प्रायश्चित र पुनरागमन) क्षण मानिन्छ। उनले कप्तानका रूपमा ५८ खेलमा टोलीको नेतृत्व गरे। इङ्ल्यान्डका तर्फबाट तीनवटा फिफा विश्वकप (१९९८, २००२ र २००६) र दुईवटा युरो कपमा सहभागिता जनाएका उनी तीन फरक विश्वकपमा गोल गर्ने पहिलो इङ्लिस खेलाडी हुन्। उनले इङ्ल्यान्डका लागि ११५ खेल खेल्दै १७ अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय गोल गरे। == खेल शैली == बेकहम आफ्नो पुस्ताका सबैभन्दा विशिष्ट र प्राविधिक रूपमा दक्ष राइट मिडफिल्डर मानिन्छन्। उनीसँग तीव्र गति नभए तापनि उनको असाधारण भिजन (Vision), लामो दूरीको सटीक पासिङ, र दायाँ भागबाट बक्सभित्र बल पुर्‍याउने क्रसिङ क्षमता अतुलनीय थियो। उनलाई फुटबल इतिहासकै सबैभन्दा उत्कृष्ट फ्रि-किक विशेषज्ञहरूमध्ये एक मानिन्छ। उनको शरीरलाई विशेष कोणमा ढल्काएर बललाई हावामा घुमाउँदै (Bend/Curl) रक्षापङ्क्ति र गोलरक्षकभन्दा माथिबाट गोलको दिशा दिने शैली विश्वप्रसिद्ध छ। यसका साथै मैदानमा迫उनको कडा मिहिनेत (Work rate) र नेतृत्वदायी क्षमताको पनि उच्च कदर गरिन्छ। == व्यक्तिगत जीवन == सन् १९९७ मा बेकहमले तत्कालीन चर्चित पप गायिकाहरूको समूह 'स्पाइस गर्ल्स' (Spice Girls) की सदस्य भिक्टोरिया एडम्ससँगको सम्बन्ध सुरु गरे, जसलाई सञ्चारमाध्यमले "पोश र बेक्स" (Posh and Becks) को उपनाम दिएका थिए। उनीहरूले सन् १९९९ जुलाई ४ मा आयरल्यान्डमा विवाह गरे। यस जोडीका चार सन्तानहरू (ब्रोकलिन, रोमियो, क्रुज र हार्पर) छन्। भिक्टोरियासँगको वैवाहिक सम्बन्ध र迫उनको आफ्नै फेसन चेतनाका कारण बेकहम फुटबल मैदान बाहिर पनि एक विश्वव्यापी सांस्कृतिक र फेसन आइकनका रूपमा स्थापित भए। == फुटबल पछिको जीवन र परोपकार == खेल जीवन समाप्त भएपछि पनि बेकहम विश्व फुटबल र व्यावसायिक जगतसँग विभिन्न भूमिकामा जोडिएका छन्। सन् २००७ मा एलए ग्यालेक्सीसँग सम्झौता गर्दा उनले भविष्यमा सहुलियत मूल्यमा एमएलएस विस्तार टोली खरिद गर्न पाउने विशेष अधिकार प्राप्त गरेका थिए। सोही अधिकारको प्रयोग गर्दै उनले सन् २०१८ मा अमेरिकी सहर मियामीमा नयाँ क्लबको औपचारिक घोषणा गरे, जसलाई हाल [[इन्टर मियामी]] भनेर चिनिन्छ र यस क्लबले迫उनको स्वामित्वमा ठुला सफलताहरू हासिल गरिरहेको छ। यसबाहेक, उनी विगत दुई दशकभन्दा बढी समयदेखि युनिसेफ (UNICEF) को सद्भावना दूतका रूपमा बालअधिकार र सामाजिक कार्यहरूमा निरन्तर सक्रिय रहँदै आएका छन्। == उपाधिहरू == === क्लब === ; म्यानचेस्टर युनाइटेड * प्रिमियर लिग (६): १९९५–९६, १९९६–७७, १९९८–९९, १९९९–२०००, २०००–०१, २००२–०३ * एफए कप (२): १९९५–९६, १९९७–९८ * युइएफए च्याम्पियन्स लिग (१): १९९८–९९ ; रियल म्याड्रिड * ला लिगा (१): २००६–०७ * सुपरकोपा दे इस्पान्या (१): २००३ ; एलए ग्यालेक्सी * एमएलएस कप (२): २०११, २०१२ ; पेरिस सेन्ट-जर्मेन * लिग वान (१): २०१२–१३ === व्यक्तिगत सम्मान === * ब्यालोन डी'ओर उप-विजेता: १९९९ * फिफा विश्व वर्ष खेलाडी उप-विजेता: १९९९, २००१ * युइएफए वर्षको उत्कृष्ट क्लब खेलाडी: १९९८–९९ * पिएफए वर्षको उत्कृष्ट युवा खेलाडी: १९९६–९७ * प्रिमियर लिग हल अफ फेम: २०२१ == सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू == {{Reflist}} == बाह्य कडीहरू == * [https://www.fifa.com/en/tournaments/mens/worldcup/articles/david-beckham-england-legend-stats-records फिफा आधिकारिक वेबसाइटमा डेभिड बेकहम] * [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Beckham अङ्ग्रेजी विकिपिडियामा डेभिड बेकहमको पूर्ण विवरण] [[श्रेणी:इङ्ल्यान्डका फुटबल खेलाडीहरू]] [[श्रेणी:जीवित मानिसहरू]] [[श्रेणी:१९७५ मा जन्मेका मानिसहरू]] [[श्रेणी:म्यानचेस्टर युनाइटेडका खेलाडीहरू]] [[श्रेणी:रियल म्याड्रिडका खेलाडीहरू]] [[श्रेणी:इन्टर मियामी सीएफका मालिकहरू]] nxzjouovbzf1yqrfn4c8rcfaxzzo8nf 1365972 1365881 2026-07-14T06:32:16Z Saroj 31493 [[विकिपिडिया:हटक्याट|हटक्याट]]द्वारा [[श्रेणी:१९७५ मा जन्मेका मानिसहरू]] हटाइयो; [[श्रेणी:सन् १९७५ मा जन्म]] जोडियो 1365972 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = डेभिड बेकहम | image = David Beckham UNICEF (cropped2).jpg | caption = सन् २००७ मा युनिसेफको एक कार्यक्रममा बेकहम | fullname = डेभिड रोबर्ट जोसेफ बेकहम | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1975|5|2|df=yes}} (१९ वैशाख २०३२) | birth_place = Lardone, इङ्ल्यान्ड | height = १.८० मी | position = राईट मिडफिल्डर | youthyears1 = १९८७–१९९१ | youthclubs1 = टोटनह्याम हट्सपर | youthyears2 = १९९१–१९९३ | youthclubs2 = [[म्यानचेस्टर युनाइटेड फुटबल क्लब|म्यानचेस्टर युनाइटेड]] | years1 = १९९२–२००३ | clubs1 = [[म्यानचेस्टर युनाइटेड फुटबल क्लब|म्यानचेस्टर युनाइटेड]] | caps1 = २६५ | goals1 = ६२ | years2 = १९९५ | clubs2 = → प्रेस्टन नर्थ एन्ड (ऋणमा) | caps2 = ५ | goals2 = २ | years3 = २००३–२००७ | clubs3 = [[रियल म्याड्रिड|रियल म्याड्रिड]] | caps3 = ११६ | goals3 = १३ | years4 = २००७–२०१२ | clubs4 = एलए ग्यालेक्सी | caps4 = ९८ | goals4 = १८ | years5 = २००९ | clubs5 = → [[एसी मिलान]] (ऋणमा) | caps5 = १८ | goals5 = २ | years6 = २०१० | clubs6 = → [[एसी मिलान]] (ऋणमा) | caps6 = ११ | goals6 = ० | years7 = २०१३ | clubs7 = [[पेरिस सेन्ट-जर्मेन फुटबल क्लब|पेरिस सेन्ट-जर्मेन]] | caps7 = १० | goals7 = ० | totalcaps = ५२३ | totalgoals = ९७ | nationalyears1 = १९९२–१९९३ | nationalteam1 = इङ्ल्यान्ड यु-१८ | nationalcaps1 = ३ | nationalgoals1 = ० | nationalyears2 = १९९४–१९९६ | nationalteam2 = इङ्ल्यान्ड यु-२१ | nationalcaps2 = ९ | nationalgoals2 = ० | nationalyears3 = १९९६–२००९ | nationalteam3 = [[इङ्ल्यान्ड राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|इङ्ल्यान्ड]] | nationalcaps3 = ११५ | nationalgoals3 = १७ }} '''डेभिड रोबर्ट जोसेफ बेकहम''' ({{lang-en|David Robert Joseph Beckham}}; जन्म: २ मे १९७५) इङ्ल्यान्डका एक पूर्व व्यावसायिक [[फुटबल]] खेलाडी हुन्। आफ्नो पुस्ताका सबैभन्दा लोकप्रिय र प्रभावशाली मिडफिल्डरहरूमध्ये एक मानिने बेकहम मुख्यतया [[म्यानचेस्टर युनाइटेड फुटबल क्लब|म्यानचेस्टर युनाइटेड]]को लेजेन्ड र [[इङ्ल्यान्ड राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|इङ्ल्यान्ड राष्ट्रिय टोली]]को पूर्व कप्तानका रूपमा विश्वप्रसिद्ध छन्। उनले राष्ट्रिय टोलीका लागि ११५ अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय उपस्थिति जनाएका थिए। आफ्नो खेल जीवनमा उत्कृष्ट पासिङ, क्रसिङ क्षमता र घुमाउरो (Bending) फ्रि-किक प्रहार गर्ने कलाका लागि परिचित बेकहमले म्यानचेस्टर युनाइटेडसँग युइएफए च्याम्पियन्स लिग उपाधि तथा प्रसिद्ध 'ट्रेबल' जितेका थिए भने व्यक्तिगत रूपमा प्रतिष्ठित ब्यालोन डी'ओर (Ballon d'Or) पुरस्कारमा उप-विजेता (Runner-up) बनेका थिए। उनी चार फरक देशहरू (इङ्ल्यान्ड, स्पेन, संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका र फ्रान्स) मा लिग उपाधि जित्ने पहिलो इङ्लिस खेलाडी समेत हुन्। खेल जीवनबाट सन्यास लिएपछि पनि व्यावसायिक रूपमा सक्रिय रहँदै उनी हाल अमेरिकी फुटबल क्लब [[इन्टर मियामी]]को सह-मालिकको भूमिकामा रहेका छन्। == क्लब खेल जीवन == === म्यानचेस्टर युनाइटेड र 'क्लास अफ ९२' === लन्डनमा जन्मेका बेकहमले आफ्नो व्यावसायिक यात्राको सुरुआत म्यानचेस्टर युनाइटेडको युवा टोलीबाट गरेका थिए। उनी निकी बट, रायन गिग्स, पल स्कोल्स र नेभिल दाजुभाइसँगै युनाइटेडको प्रख्यात 'क्लास अफ ९२' (Class of '92) को एक महत्त्वपूर्ण हिस्सा थिए, जसले पछि क्लबको इतिहास नै परिवर्तन गर्‍यो। सन् १९९२ मा १७ वर्षको उमेरमा सिनियर टोलीमा डेब्यु गरेका यी युवा मिडफिल्डरले सन् १९९६ मा विम्बल्डनविरुद्ध मैदानको मध्यभाग (Halfway-line) बाट अविश्वसनीय गोल गर्दै विश्व फुटबलमा आफ्नो बलियो पहिचान बनाए। प्रबन्धक सर एलेक्स फर्गुसनको मार्गनिर्देशनमा ओल्ड ट्राफोर्डमा बिताएको एक दशकभन्दा लामो समय बेकहमको खेल जीवनको स्वर्ण युग साबित भयो। यस अवधिमा उनले ६ पटक प्रिमियर लिग र दुई पटक एफए कप जिते। विशेष गरी सन् १९९८-९९ को सिजनमा म्यानचेस्टर युनाइटेडले ऐतिहासिक 'ट्रेबल' (प्रिमियर लिग, एफए कप र युइएफए च्याम्पियन्स लिग एकै वर्ष) जित्दा बेकहमको प्रदर्शन निर्णायक र अभूतपूर्व थियो। उनले युनाइटेडका लागि कुल २६५ लिग खेल खेल्दै ६२ गोल गरे। === रियल म्याड्रिडको 'ग्यालाक्टिको' यात्रा === युनाइटेडमा अनेक सफलता हासिल गरेपछि उनको भविष्यबारे विश्व फुटबल बजारमा धेरै चर्चा हुन थाल्यो। अन्ततः सन् २००३ मा स्पेनिस जायन्ट [[ रियल म्याड्रिड|रियल म्याड्रिड]]ले उनलाई अनुबन्ध गर्‍यो।<ref>{{Cite web |title=David Beckham |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/David-Beckham |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> त्यसबेला रियल म्याड्रिड विश्वका चर्चित र सुपरस्टार खेलाडीहरूलाई अनुबन्ध गर्ने "ग्यालाक्टिको" (Galácticos) नीतिमा अघि बढिरहेको थियो। सोही नीतिको एक प्रमुख खम्बा बन्दै यी इङ्लिस मिडफिल्डरले जिनेदिन जिदान, रोनाल्डो र लुइस फिगो जस्ता दिग्गजहरूसँग मैदान साझेदारी गरे। म्याड्रिडमा उनको उपस्थितिले क्लबको व्यावसायिक र प्रचारक मूल्यमा ठुलो वृद्धि ल्यायो। उनले सन् २००६-०७ को सिजनमा क्लबलाई ला लिगाको उपाधि दिलाउन मुख्य भूमिका खेलेर आफ्नो स्पेनिस यात्रालाई सुखद बनाए। === एलए ग्यालेक्सी र उत्तर अमेरिकी फुटबलको रूपान्तरण === स्पेनको भव्य यात्रापछि बेकहमले सन् २००७ मा अमेरिकी मेजर लिग सकर (MLS) क्लब एलए ग्यालेक्सीसँग सम्झौता गर्दै सबैलाई अचम्ममा पारे।<ref>{{Cite web |title=Beckham signs new 2-year deal with LA Galaxy |url=https://gulfnews.com/sport/football/beckham-signs-new-2-year-deal-with-la-galaxy-1.968071 |website=Gulf News / Reuters |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Photo Gallery: David Beckham Goes to America |url=https://www.spiegel.de/fotostrecke/photo-gallery-david-beckham-goes-to-america-fotostrecke-23098.html |website=Der Spiegel / Reuters |language=en}}</ref> वास्तवमा, अमेरिकी लिग (MLS) आफ्नो ब्रान्डलाई विश्वव्यापी रूपमा स्थापित गर्न र फुटबलको लोकप्रियता बढाउन एक अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय आइकनको खोजीमा थियो। बेकहमको यो स्थानान्तरणले संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिकामा फुटबलको मार्केटिङ र व्यावसायिक स्वरूपलाई पूर्ण रूपमा रूपान्तरण गरिदियो।迫उनको आगमनले रङ्गशालाहरूमा दर्शकको ओइरो लाग्ने मात्र नभई अन्य विश्वप्रसिद्ध खेलाडीहरूका लागि पनि अमेरिका जाने बाटो खुल्यो। ग्यालेक्सीमा रहँदा उनले दुई पटक एमएलएस कपको उपाधि जिते। सोही अवधिमा उनले आफ्नो लय कायमै राख्न ऋण (Loan) मा इटालियन क्लब [[एसी मिलान]]बाट पनि दुई पटक अल्पकालीन खेलहरू खेले। === पेरिस सेन्ट-जर्मेन र संन्यास === आफ्नो खेल जीवनको अन्तिम अध्यायका रूपमा उनी सन् २०१३ को जनवरीमा फ्रान्सेली क्लब [[पेरिस सेन्ट-जर्मेन फुटबल क्लब|पेरिस सेन्ट-जर्मेन]] (PSG) मा आबद्ध भए। त्यहाँ उनले आफ्नो पाँच महिनाको सम्पूर्ण तलब स्थानीय बालबालिकाको परोपकारी संस्थालाई दान गर्ने घोषणा गरे। सोही सिजन पीएसजीलाई लिग वानको उपाधि दिलाएपछि, ३८ वर्षको उमेरमा उनले व्यावसायिक फुटबल खेल जीवनबाट संन्यासको घोषणा गरे। == अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय खेल जीवन == बेकहमले सन् १९९६ सेप्टेम्बर १ मा मोल्डोभाविरुद्धको खेलबाट इङ्ल्यान्डको राष्ट्रिय टोलीमा डेब्यु गरेका थिए। सन् १९९८ को फिफा विश्वकपमा अर्जेन्टिनाविरुद्ध रातो कार्ड पाएपछि उनी इङ्लिस सञ्चारमाध्यम र समर्थकहरूको तीव्र आलोचनाको सिकार बनेका थिए। तर, सन् २००० मा टोलीको कप्तान नियुक्त भएपछि उनले आफ्नो गुमेको साख फिर्ता गरे। विशेष गरी सन् २००१ मा ग्रीसविरुद्धको खेलको अन्तिम समयमा उनले प्रहार गरेको ऐतिहासिक फ्रि-किक गोलले इङ्ल्यान्डलाई सन् २००२ को विश्वकपमा छनोट गरायो, जसलाई उनको खेल जीवनको सबैभन्दा ठुलो 'रिडेम्पसन' (प्रायश्चित र पुनरागमन) क्षण मानिन्छ। उनले कप्तानका रूपमा ५८ खेलमा टोलीको नेतृत्व गरे। इङ्ल्यान्डका तर्फबाट तीनवटा फिफा विश्वकप (१९९८, २००२ र २००६) र दुईवटा युरो कपमा सहभागिता जनाएका उनी तीन फरक विश्वकपमा गोल गर्ने पहिलो इङ्लिस खेलाडी हुन्। उनले इङ्ल्यान्डका लागि ११५ खेल खेल्दै १७ अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय गोल गरे। == खेल शैली == बेकहम आफ्नो पुस्ताका सबैभन्दा विशिष्ट र प्राविधिक रूपमा दक्ष राइट मिडफिल्डर मानिन्छन्। उनीसँग तीव्र गति नभए तापनि उनको असाधारण भिजन (Vision), लामो दूरीको सटीक पासिङ, र दायाँ भागबाट बक्सभित्र बल पुर्‍याउने क्रसिङ क्षमता अतुलनीय थियो। उनलाई फुटबल इतिहासकै सबैभन्दा उत्कृष्ट फ्रि-किक विशेषज्ञहरूमध्ये एक मानिन्छ। उनको शरीरलाई विशेष कोणमा ढल्काएर बललाई हावामा घुमाउँदै (Bend/Curl) रक्षापङ्क्ति र गोलरक्षकभन्दा माथिबाट गोलको दिशा दिने शैली विश्वप्रसिद्ध छ। यसका साथै मैदानमा迫उनको कडा मिहिनेत (Work rate) र नेतृत्वदायी क्षमताको पनि उच्च कदर गरिन्छ। == व्यक्तिगत जीवन == सन् १९९७ मा बेकहमले तत्कालीन चर्चित पप गायिकाहरूको समूह 'स्पाइस गर्ल्स' (Spice Girls) की सदस्य भिक्टोरिया एडम्ससँगको सम्बन्ध सुरु गरे, जसलाई सञ्चारमाध्यमले "पोश र बेक्स" (Posh and Becks) को उपनाम दिएका थिए। उनीहरूले सन् १९९९ जुलाई ४ मा आयरल्यान्डमा विवाह गरे। यस जोडीका चार सन्तानहरू (ब्रोकलिन, रोमियो, क्रुज र हार्पर) छन्। भिक्टोरियासँगको वैवाहिक सम्बन्ध र迫उनको आफ्नै फेसन चेतनाका कारण बेकहम फुटबल मैदान बाहिर पनि एक विश्वव्यापी सांस्कृतिक र फेसन आइकनका रूपमा स्थापित भए। == फुटबल पछिको जीवन र परोपकार == खेल जीवन समाप्त भएपछि पनि बेकहम विश्व फुटबल र व्यावसायिक जगतसँग विभिन्न भूमिकामा जोडिएका छन्। सन् २००७ मा एलए ग्यालेक्सीसँग सम्झौता गर्दा उनले भविष्यमा सहुलियत मूल्यमा एमएलएस विस्तार टोली खरिद गर्न पाउने विशेष अधिकार प्राप्त गरेका थिए। सोही अधिकारको प्रयोग गर्दै उनले सन् २०१८ मा अमेरिकी सहर मियामीमा नयाँ क्लबको औपचारिक घोषणा गरे, जसलाई हाल [[इन्टर मियामी]] भनेर चिनिन्छ र यस क्लबले迫उनको स्वामित्वमा ठुला सफलताहरू हासिल गरिरहेको छ। यसबाहेक, उनी विगत दुई दशकभन्दा बढी समयदेखि युनिसेफ (UNICEF) को सद्भावना दूतका रूपमा बालअधिकार र सामाजिक कार्यहरूमा निरन्तर सक्रिय रहँदै आएका छन्। == उपाधिहरू == === क्लब === ; म्यानचेस्टर युनाइटेड * प्रिमियर लिग (६): १९९५–९६, १९९६–७७, १९९८–९९, १९९९–२०००, २०००–०१, २००२–०३ * एफए कप (२): १९९५–९६, १९९७–९८ * युइएफए च्याम्पियन्स लिग (१): १९९८–९९ ; रियल म्याड्रिड * ला लिगा (१): २००६–०७ * सुपरकोपा दे इस्पान्या (१): २००३ ; एलए ग्यालेक्सी * एमएलएस कप (२): २०११, २०१२ ; पेरिस सेन्ट-जर्मेन * लिग वान (१): २०१२–१३ === व्यक्तिगत सम्मान === * ब्यालोन डी'ओर उप-विजेता: १९९९ * फिफा विश्व वर्ष खेलाडी उप-विजेता: १९९९, २००१ * युइएफए वर्षको उत्कृष्ट क्लब खेलाडी: १९९८–९९ * पिएफए वर्षको उत्कृष्ट युवा खेलाडी: १९९६–९७ * प्रिमियर लिग हल अफ फेम: २०२१ == सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू == {{Reflist}} == बाह्य कडीहरू == * [https://www.fifa.com/en/tournaments/mens/worldcup/articles/david-beckham-england-legend-stats-records फिफा आधिकारिक वेबसाइटमा डेभिड बेकहम] * [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Beckham अङ्ग्रेजी विकिपिडियामा डेभिड बेकहमको पूर्ण विवरण] [[श्रेणी:इङ्ल्यान्डका फुटबल खेलाडीहरू]] [[श्रेणी:जीवित मानिसहरू]] [[श्रेणी:सन् १९७५ मा जन्म]] [[श्रेणी:म्यानचेस्टर युनाइटेडका खेलाडीहरू]] [[श्रेणी:रियल म्याड्रिडका खेलाडीहरू]] [[श्रेणी:इन्टर मियामी सीएफका मालिकहरू]] sgpchtwe0e0e4vi8noozwv8scj1w1b8 0 150809 1365973 1365816 2026-07-14T06:32:19Z Saroj 31493 [[विकिपिडिया:हटक्याट|हटक्याट]]द्वारा [[श्रेणी:१९६२ मा जन्मेका मानिसहरू]] हटाइयो; [[श्रेणी:सन् १९६२ मा जन्म]] जोडियो 1365973 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = जेरार्डो मार्टिनो | image = Gerardo Martino.jpg | caption = सन् २०१५ मा अर्जेन्टिनाको राष्ट्रिय टोलीलाई प्रशिक्षण दिँदै मार्टिनो | fullname = जेरार्डो ड्यानियल मार्टिनो | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1962|11|20|df=yes}} (५ मङ्सिर २०१९) | birth_place = रोजारियो, अर्जेन्टिना | height = १.७७ मी | position = अट्याकिङ मिडफिल्डर | youthyears1 = –१९८० | youthclubs1 = निओवेल्स ओल्ड ब्वाइज | years1 = १९८०–१९९० | clubs1 = निओवेल्स ओल्ड ब्वाइज | caps1 = ३९२ | goals1 = ३५ | years2 = १९९१ | clubs2 = तेनेरिफ | caps2 = १५ | goals2 = १ | years3 = १९९१–१९९४ | clubs3 = निओवेल्स ओल्ड ब्वाइज | caps3 = ८१ | goals3 = १५ | years4 = १९९४–१९९५ | clubs4 = लानुस | caps4 = ३० | goals4 = ३ | years5 = १९९५ | clubs5 = निओवेल्स ओल्ड ब्वाइज | caps5 = १५ | goals5 = ० | years6 = १९९६ | clubs6 = ओहिगिन्स | caps6 = ११ | goals6 = १ | years7 = १९९६ | clubs7 = बार्सिलोना एससी | caps7 = ५ | goals7 = ० | totalcaps = ५४९ | totalgoals = ४२ | nationalyears1 = १९८१ | nationalteam1 = अर्जेन्टिना यु-२० | nationalcaps1 = ३ | nationalgoals1 = ० | nationalyears2 = १९९१ | nationalteam2 = [[अर्जेन्टिना राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|अर्जेन्टिना]] | nationalcaps2 = १ | nationalgoals2 = ० | managerclubs1 = ब्राउन डि एदोगे | manageryears1 = १९९८ | managerclubs2 = प्लातेन्से | manageryears2 = १९९९ | managerclubs3 = इन्स्टिट्युतो | manageryears3 = २००० | managerclubs4 = लिबर्टाड | manageryears4 = २००२–२००३ | managerclubs5 = केरो पोर्तेन्यो | manageryears5 = २००३–२००४ | managerclubs6 = लिबर्टाड | manageryears6 = २००५–२००६ | managerclubs7 = कोलोन | manageryears7 = २००५ | managerclubs8 = [[पराग्वे राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|पराग्वे]] | manageryears8 = २००७–२०११ | managerclubs9 = निओवेल्स ओल्ड ब्वाइज | manageryears9 = २०१२–२०१३ | managerclubs10 = [[एफसी बार्सिलोना|बार्सिलोना]] | manageryears10 = २०१३–२०१४ | managerclubs11 = [[अर्जेन्टिना राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|अर्जेन्टिना]] | manageryears11 = २०१४–२०१६ | managerclubs12 = एटलान्टा युनाइटेड | manageryears12 = २०१६–२०१८ | managerclubs13 = [[मेक्सिको राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|मेक्सिको]] | manageryears13 = २०१९–२०२२ | managerclubs14 = [[इन्टर मियामी]] | manageryears14 = २०२३–२०२४ }} '''जेरार्डो ड्यानियल "टाटा" मार्टिनो''' ({{lang-es|Gerardo Daniel Martino}}; जन्म: २० नोभेम्बर १९६२) अर्जेन्टिनाका एक प्रख्यात फुटबल प्रशिक्षक र पूर्व खेलाडी हुन्। उनी विश्व फुटबलमा मुख्यतया निओवेल्स ओल्ड ब्वाइजका लेजेन्ड, तथा [[एफसी बार्सिलोना|बार्सिलोना]], [[अर्जेन्टिना राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|अर्जेन्टिना राष्ट्रिय टोली]], [[मेक्सिको राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|मेक्सिको]], र अमेरिकी क्लब [[इन्टर मियामी सीएफ|इन्टर मियामी]]का पूर्व मुख्य प्रशिक्षकका रूपमा परिचित छन्। मैदानमा आक्रामक रणनीतिका साथ उच्च दबाब (High-pressing) सिर्जना गर्ने विशिष्ट खेल दर्शनका लागि चिनिने मार्टिनोले पराग्वेलाई विश्वकपको क्वार्टरफाइनलमा पुर्‍याएका थिए भने एटलान्टा युनाइटेडलाई एमएलएस कपको उपाधि दिलाउँदै वर्षको उत्कृष्ट प्रशिक्षकको सम्मान समेत पाएका थिए। उनी फुटबल इतिहासकै महान खेलाडी [[लियोनेल मेस्सी]]सँग बार्सिलोना, अर्जेन्टिना र इन्टर मियामी गरी तीन फरक टोलीमा मुख्य प्रशिक्षकको रूपमा काम गर्ने दुर्लभ कीर्तिमानधारी प्रशिक्षक हुन्। == खेलाडी खेल जीवन र पृष्ठभूमि == मार्टिनोको जन्म अर्जेन्टिनाको रोजारियो सहरमा भएको थियो, जुन सहर फुटबलका हस्तीहरूको उद्गमस्थल मानिन्छ। उनले आफ्नो व्यावसायिक खेलाडी जीवनको सुरुआत र अधिकांश स्वर्णिम समय मध्यपङ्क्ति (Attacking Midfielder) खेलाडीका रूपमा स्थानीय क्लब निओवेल्स ओल्ड ब्वाइज (Newell's Old Boys) मा बिताए। यस क्लबका लागि कुल ५०५ खेल खेल्दै उनले क्लबको इतिहासमै सबैभन्दा धेरै खेल खेल्ने सर्वकालीन कीर्तिमान बनाएका छन्। मैदानमा उनको उत्कृष्ट प्रदर्शन र वफादारिताका कारण समर्थकहरूले उनलाई क्लबकै इतिहासकै सबैभन्दा लोकप्रिय खेलाडीका रूपमा स्थापित गरे। उनले सन् १९९१ मा अर्जेन्टिनाको सिनियर राष्ट्रिय टोलीका लागि समेत डेब्यु गरेका थिए। == प्रशिक्षक खेल जीवन == === पराग्वे र अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय मञ्चमा उदय === खेलाडी जीवनबाट संन्यास लिएपछि मार्टिनोले सन् १९९८ देखि रणनीतिक भूमिका सुरु गरे। प्यारागुवायन लिगका शीर्ष क्लबहरूलाई लगातार उपाधि दिलाएपछि उनको क्षमताको चौतर्फी प्रशंसा भयो। सोही सफलताका कारण उनलाई सन् २००७ मा [[पराग्वे राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|पराग्वे राष्ट्रिय टोली]]को मुख्य प्रशिक्षक नियुक्त गरियो। उनको प्रशिक्षणमा पराग्वेले डिफेन्सिभ काउन्टर-अट्याकको उत्कृष्ट नमुना पेस गर्दै सन् २०१० को फिफा विश्वकपमा ऐतिहासिक प्रदर्शन गर्‍यो र पहिलो पटक क्वार्टरफाइनलसम्मको यात्रा तय गर्‍यो। यो सफलताले उनलाई दक्षिण अमेरिकी वर्ष उत्कृष्ट प्रशिक्षक (South American Coach of the Year) को प्रतिष्ठित सम्मान दिलायो। === बार्सिलोना र 'ग्यालाक्टिको' दबाब === आफ्नो मातृ क्लब निओवेल्स ओल्ड ब्वाइजलाई अर्जेन्टिनी लिग उपाधि दिलाएर सनसनी मच्चाएपछि उनलाई युरोपेली फुटबलबाट ठुलो अवसर जुर्‍यो। साविक प्रशिक्षक टिटो भिलानोभाको स्वास्थ्य अवस्थाका कारण रिक्त रहेको पद सम्हाल्न सन् २०१३ मा उनी स्पेनिस जाइन्ट [[एफसी बार्सिलोना|बार्सिलोना]] पुगे। बार्सिलोनाको परम्परागत 'टिकी-टाका' शैलीमा केही आक्रामक थपघट गर्ने उनको प्रयासले सुरुमा राम्रो नतिजा दियो र टोलीले २०१३ को स्पेनिस सुपर कप जित्यो। यद्यपि, ला लिगाको अन्तिम खेलमा एथ्लेटिको म्याड्रिडसँग उपाधि गुमाउनु परेपछि र च्याम्पियन्स लिगमा अपेक्षित नतिजा नआएपछि युरोपेली फुटबलको उच्च दबाबका बीच उनले एक वर्षमै राजीनामा दिए। === अर्जेन्टिना र कोपा अमेरिकाको निराशा === बार्सिलोना छाडे लगत्तै अर्जेन्टाइन फुटबल सङ्घले उनलाई [[अर्जेन्टिना राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|अर्जेन्टिना राष्ट्रिय टोली]]को बागडोर सुम्पियो। उनको प्रशिक्षणमा लियोनेल मेस्सीको नेतृत्वमा रहेको अर्जेन्टिनाले निकै आक्रामक र सुन्दर फुटबल खेल्यो। टोली लगातार सन् २०१५ र २०१६ को कोपा अमेरिकाको फाइनलमा पुग्न सफल भयो। तर, दुवै पटक भाग्यले साथ नदिँदा टोली चिलीसँग पेनाल्टी सुटआउटमा पराजित हुन पुग्यो। लगातार दुईवटा फाइनलको पराजय र सङ्घभित्रको आन्तरिक विवादका कारण उनले सन् २०१६ मा पदबाट राजीनामा दिए। === एटलान्टा युनाइटेड र अमेरिकी फुटबलको रूपान्तरण === अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय फुटबलको दबाबबाट विश्राम लिँदै यी अर्जेन्टिनी रणनीतिकारले अमेरिकी मेजर लिग सकर (MLS) को नवगठित क्लब एटलान्टा युनाइटेडको निमन्त्रणा स्वीकार गरे। अमेरिकी फुटबलमा युवा र आक्रामक दक्षिण अमेरिकी शैली भित्राउने उनको रणनीति अत्यधिक सफल भयो। शून्यबाट सुरु भएको टोलीलाई बलियो शक्तिका रूपमा स्थापित गर्दै उनले सन् २०१८ मा क्लबलाई प्रतिष्ठित एमएलएस कप (MLS Cup) को उपाधि दिलाए। यो अभूतपूर्व रूपान्तरणका कारण उनी सो वर्षको एमएलएस वर्ष उत्कृष्ट प्रशिक्षक (MLS Coach of the Year) घोषित भए। === मेक्सिको र कतार विश्वकप === अमेरिकी महाद्वीपमा आफ्नो लोहा मobservation गरेपछि उनी सन् २०१९ मा [[मेक्सिको राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|मेक्सिको]]को मुख्य प्रशिक्षक बने। उनको आगमनसँगै मेक्सिकोले सानदार सुरुवात गर्दै २०१९ को कन्काकाफ गोल्ड कप (CONCACAF Gold Cup) को उपाधि चुम्यो। तर, समय बित्दै जाँदा खेलाडीहरूको चोट र रणनीतिक कमजोरीका कारण मेक्सिकोको प्रदर्शन खस्कियो। अन्ततः सन् २०२२ को कतार विश्वकपमा मेक्सिको समूह चरणबाटै बाहिरिएपछि उनले पद त्याग गरे। === इन्टर मियामी र मेस्सीसँगको पुनर्मिलन === मेक्सिकोको यात्रापछि उनी सन् २०२३ को जुनमा लियोनेल मेस्सी आबद्ध अमेरिकी क्लब [[इन्टर मियामी]]को मुख्य प्रशिक्षक नियुक्त भए। मेस्सी, बुस्केट्स र अल्बा जस्ता पुराना बार्सिलोनाका खेलाडीहरूलाई मियामीको टोलीसँग सन्तुलन मिलाउने उनको चातुर्यताले तत्कालै नतिजा दियो। उनले मियामीलाई सम्हालेकै वर्ष २०२३ को लिग्स कप (Leagues Cup) को उपाधि दिलाउँदै क्लब इतिहासकै पहिलो ट्रफी भित्र्याए। यसैगरी, सन् २०२४ को सिजनमा मियामीलाई इतिहासमै सर्वाधिक ७४ अङ्क दिलाउँदै 'सपोर्टर्स सिल्ड' (Supporters' Shield) को उपाधि दिलाए। सन् २०२४ को नोभेम्बरमा व्यक्तिगत कारण देखाउँदै उनले मियामीको प्रशिक्षक पदबाट राजीनामा दिएका थिए। == खेल शैली र रणनीति == मार्टिनो प्रसिद्ध अर्जेन्टिनी प्रशिक्षक मार्सेलो बिएल्साको खेल दर्शनबाट गहिरो रूपमा प्रभावित छन्। उनी आफ्नो टोलीलाई मैदानमा ४-३-३ वा ४-२-३-१ को आक्रामक संरचनामा उतार्ने गर्छन्। उनको खेल शैलीको मुख्य विशेषता भनेको 'अट्याकिङ हाई-प्रेसिङ' (High-pressing) हो, जहाँ विपक्षी खेलाडीको खुट्टाबाट बल खोस्न आफ्ना खेलाडीहरूले मैदानको माथिल्लो भागमै ठुलो दबाब सिर्जना गर्छन्। विङ्गरहरूको तीव्र गति र रक्षापङ्क्तिबाटै खेलको निर्माण (Building from the back) गर्ने उनको शैली आधुनिक फुटबलमा निकै प्रभावकारी मानिन्छ। == उपाधिहरू == === खेलाडीका रूपमा === ; निओवेल्स ओल्ड ब्वाइज * अर्जेन्टाइन प्राइमेरा डिभिजन (३): १९८७–८८, १९९०–९१, १९९२ (क्लौसुरा) === प्रशिक्षकका रूपमा === ; लिबर्टाड * प्यारागुवायन प्राइमेरा डिभिजन (३): २००२, २००३, २००६ ; केरो पोर्तेन्यो * प्यारागुवायन प्राइमेरा डिभिजन (१): २००४ ; निओवेल्स ओल्ड ब्वाइज * अर्जेन्टाइन प्राइमेरा डिभिजन (१): २०१३ (फिनालिस्ट) ; बार्सिलोना * सुपरकोपा दे इस्पान्या (१): २०१३ ; एटलान्टा युनाइटेड * एमएलएस कप (१): २०१८ ; मेक्सिको * कन्काकाफ गोल्ड कप (१): २०१९ ; इन्टर मियामी * लिग्स कप (१): २०२३ * सपोर्टर्स सिल्ड (१): २०२४ === व्यक्तिगत सम्मान === * दक्षिण अमेरिकी वर्ष उत्कृष्ट प्रशिक्षक: सन् २००७ * एमएलएस वर्ष उत्कृष्ट प्रशिक्षक: सन् २०१८ == सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू == *[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerardo_Martino Page in English] == बाह्य कडीहरू == * [https://www.transfermarkt.com/gerardo-martino/profil/trainer/3429 ट्रान्सफरमार्केटमा जेरार्डो मार्टिनोको आधिकारिक प्रोफाइल] [[श्रेणी:अर्जेन्टिनाका फुटबल खेलाडीहरू]] [[श्रेणी:अर्जेन्टिनाका फुटबल प्रशिक्षकहरू]] [[श्रेणी:जीवित मानिसहरू]] [[श्रेणी:सन् १९६२ मा जन्म]] [[श्रेणी:एफसी बार्सिलोनाका प्रशिक्षकहरू]] [[श्रेणी:इन्टर मियामी सीएफका प्रशिक्षकहरू]] rn81mecmyf9ovn6ag0vricdf5g4pgkp 0 150811 1365878 2026-07-13T12:28:03Z Omnathpokh1 20435 नयाँ पृष्ठ सृजना गरिएको। 1365878 wikitext text/x-wiki '''बलात्कार र अन्य यौनजन्य हिंसा सम्बन्धी तथ्याङ्क'''हरू सामान्यतया विकसित मुलुकमा सजिलै उपलब्ध हुन्छन् र विश्वभरि नै यसको दस्तावेजीकरणमा सुधार आएको छ। यद्यपि, बलात्कार सम्बन्धी आंकडाहरूको तुलना गर्न भने कठिन देखिन्छ। विभिन्न देशहरूले प्रयोग गर्ने बलात्कारको परिभाषा अलग-अलग हुनुका साथै उनीहरूसँग बलात्कार सम्बन्धी विवरण, अभिलेखाङ्कन, अभियोजन तथा प्रति बलात्कार दोषसिद्धिको दर पनि अलग-अलग छ। यसै कारणले गर्दा बलात्कार सम्बन्धी तथ्याङ्कहरू ठाउँ अनुसार भिन्न भिन्न हुन सक्छन्। कतिपयले त बलात्कार सम्बन्धी तथ्याङ्कहरू पूर्ण रूपमा अविश्वसनीय एवम् भ्रामक हुने तर्क गर्छन्।<ref name="Gordon2002">{{cite book|author=L. P. Gordon|title=Violence Against Women|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rmXf-lSuqcgC|year=2002|publisher=Nova Publishers|isbn=978-1-59033-455-3|pages=4–6}}</ref><ref name=TCJ /> कतिपय स्थानमा कुनै पुरुषले महिलाको बलात्कार गरेमा मात्र त्यसलाई आधिकारिक बलात्कारको रूपमा गनिने गर्छ।<ref name=TCJ>{{cite web|url=http://www.cjonline.com/stories/080804/loc_crimestats.shtml |title=Statistics can be misleading |publisher=CJOnline.com |date=8 August 2004 |access-date=2026-7-13}}</ref> केही देशका न्यायपालिकामा कसैलाई जबरजस्ती अर्को व्यक्तिसँग शारीरिक सम्पर्क गराउन बाध्य पारिएको अवस्थालाई बलात्कारको रूपमा गणना गरिँदैन, जसले बलात्कारको तथ्याङ्क वरपर थप विवाद सिर्जना गर्दछ।<ref>{{cite journal|title=The Sexual Victimisation of Men in America: New Data Challenge Old Assumptions|date=13 May 2014|journal=American Journal of Public Health|doi=10.2105/AJPH.2014.301946 |last1=Stemple |first1=Lara |last2=Meyer |first2=Ilan H. |volume=104 |issue=6 |pages=e19–e26 |pmid=24825225 |pmc=4062022 }}</ref> कतिपय देशहरूले वैवाहिक बलात्कार (पति वा पत्नीमाथि जबरजस्ती गरिएको यौन सम्बन्ध) लाई बलात्कारको रूपमा परिभाषित नगर्न पनि सक्छन्।<ref>{{cite book |last1=Gangoli |first1=Geetanjali |title=SIX Controlling women's sexuality: rape law in India |chapter=Controlling women's sexuality |date=2011 |publisher=Bristol University Press |page=104 |doi=10.2307/j.ctt9qgkd6.9 |jstor=j.ctt9qgkd6.9 |url=https://durham-repository.worktribe.com/output/1651229}}</ref> बलात्कार यस्तो अपराध हो जस सम्बन्धी उजुरीहरू भने धेरै कमले मात्र गर्छन्। बलात्कारको उजुरी नगर्नुका कारणहरू विभिन्न देशहरूमा फरक-फरक हुन्छन्। यी कारणहरूमा बदलाको डर, अपराध भएको हो वा होइन भन्ने कुरा नै अनिश्चित हुनु, अपराधीको उद्देश्य नोक्सान पुऱ्याउने थियो वा थिएन भन्ने थाहा नहुनु, बलात्कार भएको घटना अरू कसैलाई थाहा भए परिवार र समाजको इज्जतमै धब्बा लाग्छ भन्ने सोच राख्नु, विवाह अघिको यौन सम्बन्ध सम्बन्धी कानूनका कारण कानूनी कारवाहीको दायरामा आउने डर, स्थानीय प्रहरीमाथि भरोसा नहुनु आदि समावेश हुन सक्छन्।<ref>{{cite journal|title=Female Victims Of Sexual Violence, 1994-2010|date=7 March 2013|url=http://www.bjs.gov/index.cfm?ty=pbdetail&iid=4594|access-date=13 July 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=Drug-facilitated, Incapacitated, and Forcible Rape: A National Study|journal=Medical University of South Carolina National Crime Victims Research and Treatment CTR|date=February 2007|page=70}}</ref> सरकारी तथ्याङ्कका आधारित [[संयुक्त राष्ट्रसंघ]]को एक रिपोर्टका अनुसार हरेक बर्ष प्रहरीले २,५०,००० भन्दा बढी बलात्कार वा बलात्कारको प्रयास सम्बन्धी उजुरीहरू दर्ता गर्ने गरेको छ। यस रिपोर्टमा ६५ राष्ट्रका तथ्याङ्कहरू सामिल थिए।<ref>{{cite web|url=[http://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/data-and-analysis/Eighth-United-Nations-Survey-on-Crime-Trends-and-the-Operations-of-Criminal-Justice-Systems.html|title=Eighth United Nations Survey on Crime Trends and the Operations of Criminal Justice Systems |publisher=Unodc.org |date=31 March 2005 |access-date=2026-7-13}}</ref> ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{Reflist}} ==बाह्य कडीहरू== 4flm07dbro24t3kueek8y75vusn2wax 1365884 1365878 2026-07-13T12:54:40Z Omnathpokh1 20435 /* सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू */ तालिका सहितको विवरण थपिएको। 1365884 wikitext text/x-wiki '''बलात्कार र अन्य यौनजन्य हिंसा सम्बन्धी तथ्याङ्क'''हरू सामान्यतया विकसित मुलुकमा सजिलै उपलब्ध हुन्छन् र विश्वभरि नै यसको दस्तावेजीकरणमा सुधार आएको छ। यद्यपि, बलात्कार सम्बन्धी आंकडाहरूको तुलना गर्न भने कठिन देखिन्छ। विभिन्न देशहरूले प्रयोग गर्ने बलात्कारको परिभाषा अलग-अलग हुनुका साथै उनीहरूसँग बलात्कार सम्बन्धी विवरण, अभिलेखाङ्कन, अभियोजन तथा प्रति बलात्कार दोषसिद्धिको दर पनि अलग-अलग छ। यसै कारणले गर्दा बलात्कार सम्बन्धी तथ्याङ्कहरू ठाउँ अनुसार भिन्न भिन्न हुन सक्छन्। कतिपयले त बलात्कार सम्बन्धी तथ्याङ्कहरू पूर्ण रूपमा अविश्वसनीय एवम् भ्रामक हुने तर्क गर्छन्।<ref name="Gordon2002">{{cite book|author=L. P. Gordon|title=Violence Against Women|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rmXf-lSuqcgC|year=2002|publisher=Nova Publishers|isbn=978-1-59033-455-3|pages=4–6}}</ref><ref name=TCJ /> कतिपय स्थानमा कुनै पुरुषले महिलाको बलात्कार गरेमा मात्र त्यसलाई आधिकारिक बलात्कारको रूपमा गनिने गर्छ।<ref name=TCJ>{{cite web|url=http://www.cjonline.com/stories/080804/loc_crimestats.shtml |title=Statistics can be misleading |publisher=CJOnline.com |date=8 August 2004 |access-date=2026-7-13}}</ref> केही देशका न्यायपालिकामा कसैलाई जबरजस्ती अर्को व्यक्तिसँग शारीरिक सम्पर्क गराउन बाध्य पारिएको अवस्थालाई बलात्कारको रूपमा गणना गरिँदैन, जसले बलात्कारको तथ्याङ्क वरपर थप विवाद सिर्जना गर्दछ।<ref>{{cite journal|title=The Sexual Victimisation of Men in America: New Data Challenge Old Assumptions|date=13 May 2014|journal=American Journal of Public Health|doi=10.2105/AJPH.2014.301946 |last1=Stemple |first1=Lara |last2=Meyer |first2=Ilan H. |volume=104 |issue=6 |pages=e19–e26 |pmid=24825225 |pmc=4062022 }}</ref> कतिपय देशहरूले वैवाहिक बलात्कार (पति वा पत्नीमाथि जबरजस्ती गरिएको यौन सम्बन्ध) लाई बलात्कारको रूपमा परिभाषित नगर्न पनि सक्छन्।<ref>{{cite book |last1=Gangoli |first1=Geetanjali |title=SIX Controlling women's sexuality: rape law in India |chapter=Controlling women's sexuality |date=2011 |publisher=Bristol University Press |page=104 |doi=10.2307/j.ctt9qgkd6.9 |jstor=j.ctt9qgkd6.9 |url=https://durham-repository.worktribe.com/output/1651229}}</ref> बलात्कार यस्तो अपराध हो जस सम्बन्धी उजुरीहरू भने धेरै कमले मात्र गर्छन्। बलात्कारको उजुरी नगर्नुका कारणहरू विभिन्न देशहरूमा फरक-फरक हुन्छन्। यी कारणहरूमा बदलाको डर, अपराध भएको हो वा होइन भन्ने कुरा नै अनिश्चित हुनु, अपराधीको उद्देश्य नोक्सान पुऱ्याउने थियो वा थिएन भन्ने थाहा नहुनु, बलात्कार भएको घटना अरू कसैलाई थाहा भए परिवार र समाजको इज्जतमै धब्बा लाग्छ भन्ने सोच राख्नु, विवाह अघिको यौन सम्बन्ध सम्बन्धी कानूनका कारण कानूनी कारवाहीको दायरामा आउने डर, स्थानीय प्रहरीमाथि भरोसा नहुनु आदि समावेश हुन सक्छन्।<ref>{{cite journal|title=Female Victims Of Sexual Violence, 1994-2010|date=7 March 2013|url=http://www.bjs.gov/index.cfm?ty=pbdetail&iid=4594|access-date=13 July 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=Drug-facilitated, Incapacitated, and Forcible Rape: A National Study|journal=Medical University of South Carolina National Crime Victims Research and Treatment CTR|date=February 2007|page=70}}</ref> सरकारी तथ्याङ्कका आधारित [[संयुक्त राष्ट्रसंघ]]को एक रिपोर्टका अनुसार हरेक बर्ष प्रहरीले २,५०,००० भन्दा बढी बलात्कार वा बलात्कारको प्रयास सम्बन्धी उजुरीहरू दर्ता गर्ने गरेको छ। यस रिपोर्टमा ६५ राष्ट्रका तथ्याङ्कहरू सामिल थिए।<ref>{{cite web|url=[http://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/data-and-analysis/Eighth-United-Nations-Survey-on-Crime-Trends-and-the-Operations-of-Criminal-Justice-Systems.html|title=Eighth United Nations Survey on Crime Trends and the Operations of Criminal Justice Systems |publisher=Unodc.org |date=31 March 2005 |access-date=2026-7-13}}</ref> यस तालिकाले उपलब्ध पछिल्लो वर्षका आधारमा सार्क राष्ट्रहरूमा प्रति १ लाख जनसङ्ख्यामा अभिलेख गरिएका बलात्कारका वार्षिक घटनाको सङ्ख्या देखाउँछ।<ref name="f967">{{cite web | title=United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, crime-violent-offences | url=https://dataunodc.un.org/crime-violent-offences | access-date=13 July 2026}}</ref> तालिकामा समावेश प्रत्येक तथ्याङ्क सम्बन्धित देशले अपनाएको बलात्कारको कानुनी परिभाषामा आधारित छ, जुन विश्वभरका देशहरूमा निकै फरक-फरक हुन्छ। {{Sticky header}}{{table alignment}} {| class="wikitable sortable sticky-header col1left" style="text-align:center;" ! राष्ट्र !! वार्षिक उजुरी<br />प्रति लाखमा<ref name="f967"/> !! वर्ष |- | {{flaglist|Afghanistan}} || - || - |- | {{flaglist|Bangladesh}} || ८.० || २००६ |- | {{flaglist|Bhutan}} || ६.९ || २०२० |- | {{flaglist|India}} || २.२ || २०२२ |- | {{flaglist|Maldives}} || १.३ || २०१७ |- | {{flaglist|Nepal}} || ४.२ || २०१६ |- | {{flaglist|Pakistan}} || २.३७ || २०२३ |- | {{flaglist|Sri Lanka}} || ७.९ || २०१९ |} ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{Reflist}} ==बाह्य कडीहरू== b7gv1mc425sv1tsnxefuu5btageemnj 1365885 1365884 2026-07-13T13:05:05Z Omnathpokh1 20435 /* बाह्य कडीहरू */ 1365885 wikitext text/x-wiki '''बलात्कार र अन्य यौनजन्य हिंसा सम्बन्धी तथ्याङ्क'''हरू सामान्यतया विकसित मुलुकमा सजिलै उपलब्ध हुन्छन् र विश्वभरि नै यसको दस्तावेजीकरणमा सुधार आएको छ। यद्यपि, बलात्कार सम्बन्धी आंकडाहरूको तुलना गर्न भने कठिन देखिन्छ। विभिन्न देशहरूले प्रयोग गर्ने बलात्कारको परिभाषा अलग-अलग हुनुका साथै उनीहरूसँग बलात्कार सम्बन्धी विवरण, अभिलेखाङ्कन, अभियोजन तथा प्रति बलात्कार दोषसिद्धिको दर पनि अलग-अलग छ। यसै कारणले गर्दा बलात्कार सम्बन्धी तथ्याङ्कहरू ठाउँ अनुसार भिन्न भिन्न हुन सक्छन्। कतिपयले त बलात्कार सम्बन्धी तथ्याङ्कहरू पूर्ण रूपमा अविश्वसनीय एवम् भ्रामक हुने तर्क गर्छन्।<ref name="Gordon2002">{{cite book|author=L. P. Gordon|title=Violence Against Women|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rmXf-lSuqcgC|year=2002|publisher=Nova Publishers|isbn=978-1-59033-455-3|pages=4–6}}</ref><ref name=TCJ /> कतिपय स्थानमा कुनै पुरुषले महिलाको बलात्कार गरेमा मात्र त्यसलाई आधिकारिक बलात्कारको रूपमा गनिने गर्छ।<ref name=TCJ>{{cite web|url=http://www.cjonline.com/stories/080804/loc_crimestats.shtml |title=Statistics can be misleading |publisher=CJOnline.com |date=8 August 2004 |access-date=2026-7-13}}</ref> केही देशका न्यायपालिकामा कसैलाई जबरजस्ती अर्को व्यक्तिसँग शारीरिक सम्पर्क गराउन बाध्य पारिएको अवस्थालाई बलात्कारको रूपमा गणना गरिँदैन, जसले बलात्कारको तथ्याङ्क वरपर थप विवाद सिर्जना गर्दछ।<ref>{{cite journal|title=The Sexual Victimisation of Men in America: New Data Challenge Old Assumptions|date=13 May 2014|journal=American Journal of Public Health|doi=10.2105/AJPH.2014.301946 |last1=Stemple |first1=Lara |last2=Meyer |first2=Ilan H. |volume=104 |issue=6 |pages=e19–e26 |pmid=24825225 |pmc=4062022 }}</ref> कतिपय देशहरूले वैवाहिक बलात्कार (पति वा पत्नीमाथि जबरजस्ती गरिएको यौन सम्बन्ध) लाई बलात्कारको रूपमा परिभाषित नगर्न पनि सक्छन्।<ref>{{cite book |last1=Gangoli |first1=Geetanjali |title=SIX Controlling women's sexuality: rape law in India |chapter=Controlling women's sexuality |date=2011 |publisher=Bristol University Press |page=104 |doi=10.2307/j.ctt9qgkd6.9 |jstor=j.ctt9qgkd6.9 |url=https://durham-repository.worktribe.com/output/1651229}}</ref> बलात्कार यस्तो अपराध हो जस सम्बन्धी उजुरीहरू भने धेरै कमले मात्र गर्छन्। बलात्कारको उजुरी नगर्नुका कारणहरू विभिन्न देशहरूमा फरक-फरक हुन्छन्। यी कारणहरूमा बदलाको डर, अपराध भएको हो वा होइन भन्ने कुरा नै अनिश्चित हुनु, अपराधीको उद्देश्य नोक्सान पुऱ्याउने थियो वा थिएन भन्ने थाहा नहुनु, बलात्कार भएको घटना अरू कसैलाई थाहा भए परिवार र समाजको इज्जतमै धब्बा लाग्छ भन्ने सोच राख्नु, विवाह अघिको यौन सम्बन्ध सम्बन्धी कानूनका कारण कानूनी कारवाहीको दायरामा आउने डर, स्थानीय प्रहरीमाथि भरोसा नहुनु आदि समावेश हुन सक्छन्।<ref>{{cite journal|title=Female Victims Of Sexual Violence, 1994-2010|date=7 March 2013|url=http://www.bjs.gov/index.cfm?ty=pbdetail&iid=4594|access-date=13 July 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=Drug-facilitated, Incapacitated, and Forcible Rape: A National Study|journal=Medical University of South Carolina National Crime Victims Research and Treatment CTR|date=February 2007|page=70}}</ref> सरकारी तथ्याङ्कका आधारित [[संयुक्त राष्ट्रसंघ]]को एक रिपोर्टका अनुसार हरेक बर्ष प्रहरीले २,५०,००० भन्दा बढी बलात्कार वा बलात्कारको प्रयास सम्बन्धी उजुरीहरू दर्ता गर्ने गरेको छ। यस रिपोर्टमा ६५ राष्ट्रका तथ्याङ्कहरू सामिल थिए।<ref>{{cite web|url=[http://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/data-and-analysis/Eighth-United-Nations-Survey-on-Crime-Trends-and-the-Operations-of-Criminal-Justice-Systems.html|title=Eighth United Nations Survey on Crime Trends and the Operations of Criminal Justice Systems |publisher=Unodc.org |date=31 March 2005 |access-date=2026-7-13}}</ref> यस तालिकाले उपलब्ध पछिल्लो वर्षका आधारमा सार्क राष्ट्रहरूमा प्रति १ लाख जनसङ्ख्यामा अभिलेख गरिएका बलात्कारका वार्षिक घटनाको सङ्ख्या देखाउँछ।<ref name="f967">{{cite web | title=United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, crime-violent-offences | url=https://dataunodc.un.org/crime-violent-offences | access-date=13 July 2026}}</ref> तालिकामा समावेश प्रत्येक तथ्याङ्क सम्बन्धित देशले अपनाएको बलात्कारको कानुनी परिभाषामा आधारित छ, जुन विश्वभरका देशहरूमा निकै फरक-फरक हुन्छ। {{Sticky header}}{{table alignment}} {| class="wikitable sortable sticky-header col1left" style="text-align:center;" ! राष्ट्र !! वार्षिक उजुरी<br />प्रति लाखमा<ref name="f967"/> !! वर्ष |- | {{flaglist|Afghanistan}} || - || - |- | {{flaglist|Bangladesh}} || ८.० || २००६ |- | {{flaglist|Bhutan}} || ६.९ || २०२० |- | {{flaglist|India}} || २.२ || २०२२ |- | {{flaglist|Maldives}} || १.३ || २०१७ |- | {{flaglist|Nepal}} || ४.२ || २०१६ |- | {{flaglist|Pakistan}} || २.३७ || २०२३ |- | {{flaglist|Sri Lanka}} || ७.९ || २०१९ |} ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{Reflist}} ==बाह्य कडीहरू== * https://www.onlinekhabar.com/2018/04/674774/बलात्कारको-डाटा-कुन-जाति o8n7qtdbass04v04n3fxvm94xjo6g8d 1365886 1365885 2026-07-13T13:09:44Z Omnathpokh1 20435 /* बाह्य कडीहरू */ 1365886 wikitext text/x-wiki '''बलात्कार र अन्य यौनजन्य हिंसा सम्बन्धी तथ्याङ्क'''हरू सामान्यतया विकसित मुलुकमा सजिलै उपलब्ध हुन्छन् र विश्वभरि नै यसको दस्तावेजीकरणमा सुधार आएको छ। यद्यपि, बलात्कार सम्बन्धी आंकडाहरूको तुलना गर्न भने कठिन देखिन्छ। विभिन्न देशहरूले प्रयोग गर्ने बलात्कारको परिभाषा अलग-अलग हुनुका साथै उनीहरूसँग बलात्कार सम्बन्धी विवरण, अभिलेखाङ्कन, अभियोजन तथा प्रति बलात्कार दोषसिद्धिको दर पनि अलग-अलग छ। यसै कारणले गर्दा बलात्कार सम्बन्धी तथ्याङ्कहरू ठाउँ अनुसार भिन्न भिन्न हुन सक्छन्। कतिपयले त बलात्कार सम्बन्धी तथ्याङ्कहरू पूर्ण रूपमा अविश्वसनीय एवम् भ्रामक हुने तर्क गर्छन्।<ref name="Gordon2002">{{cite book|author=L. P. Gordon|title=Violence Against Women|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rmXf-lSuqcgC|year=2002|publisher=Nova Publishers|isbn=978-1-59033-455-3|pages=4–6}}</ref><ref name=TCJ /> कतिपय स्थानमा कुनै पुरुषले महिलाको बलात्कार गरेमा मात्र त्यसलाई आधिकारिक बलात्कारको रूपमा गनिने गर्छ।<ref name=TCJ>{{cite web|url=http://www.cjonline.com/stories/080804/loc_crimestats.shtml |title=Statistics can be misleading |publisher=CJOnline.com |date=8 August 2004 |access-date=2026-7-13}}</ref> केही देशका न्यायपालिकामा कसैलाई जबरजस्ती अर्को व्यक्तिसँग शारीरिक सम्पर्क गराउन बाध्य पारिएको अवस्थालाई बलात्कारको रूपमा गणना गरिँदैन, जसले बलात्कारको तथ्याङ्क वरपर थप विवाद सिर्जना गर्दछ।<ref>{{cite journal|title=The Sexual Victimisation of Men in America: New Data Challenge Old Assumptions|date=13 May 2014|journal=American Journal of Public Health|doi=10.2105/AJPH.2014.301946 |last1=Stemple |first1=Lara |last2=Meyer |first2=Ilan H. |volume=104 |issue=6 |pages=e19–e26 |pmid=24825225 |pmc=4062022 }}</ref> कतिपय देशहरूले वैवाहिक बलात्कार (पति वा पत्नीमाथि जबरजस्ती गरिएको यौन सम्बन्ध) लाई बलात्कारको रूपमा परिभाषित नगर्न पनि सक्छन्।<ref>{{cite book |last1=Gangoli |first1=Geetanjali |title=SIX Controlling women's sexuality: rape law in India |chapter=Controlling women's sexuality |date=2011 |publisher=Bristol University Press |page=104 |doi=10.2307/j.ctt9qgkd6.9 |jstor=j.ctt9qgkd6.9 |url=https://durham-repository.worktribe.com/output/1651229}}</ref> बलात्कार यस्तो अपराध हो जस सम्बन्धी उजुरीहरू भने धेरै कमले मात्र गर्छन्। बलात्कारको उजुरी नगर्नुका कारणहरू विभिन्न देशहरूमा फरक-फरक हुन्छन्। यी कारणहरूमा बदलाको डर, अपराध भएको हो वा होइन भन्ने कुरा नै अनिश्चित हुनु, अपराधीको उद्देश्य नोक्सान पुऱ्याउने थियो वा थिएन भन्ने थाहा नहुनु, बलात्कार भएको घटना अरू कसैलाई थाहा भए परिवार र समाजको इज्जतमै धब्बा लाग्छ भन्ने सोच राख्नु, विवाह अघिको यौन सम्बन्ध सम्बन्धी कानूनका कारण कानूनी कारवाहीको दायरामा आउने डर, स्थानीय प्रहरीमाथि भरोसा नहुनु आदि समावेश हुन सक्छन्।<ref>{{cite journal|title=Female Victims Of Sexual Violence, 1994-2010|date=7 March 2013|url=http://www.bjs.gov/index.cfm?ty=pbdetail&iid=4594|access-date=13 July 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=Drug-facilitated, Incapacitated, and Forcible Rape: A National Study|journal=Medical University of South Carolina National Crime Victims Research and Treatment CTR|date=February 2007|page=70}}</ref> सरकारी तथ्याङ्कका आधारित [[संयुक्त राष्ट्रसंघ]]को एक रिपोर्टका अनुसार हरेक बर्ष प्रहरीले २,५०,००० भन्दा बढी बलात्कार वा बलात्कारको प्रयास सम्बन्धी उजुरीहरू दर्ता गर्ने गरेको छ। यस रिपोर्टमा ६५ राष्ट्रका तथ्याङ्कहरू सामिल थिए।<ref>{{cite web|url=[http://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/data-and-analysis/Eighth-United-Nations-Survey-on-Crime-Trends-and-the-Operations-of-Criminal-Justice-Systems.html|title=Eighth United Nations Survey on Crime Trends and the Operations of Criminal Justice Systems |publisher=Unodc.org |date=31 March 2005 |access-date=2026-7-13}}</ref> यस तालिकाले उपलब्ध पछिल्लो वर्षका आधारमा सार्क राष्ट्रहरूमा प्रति १ लाख जनसङ्ख्यामा अभिलेख गरिएका बलात्कारका वार्षिक घटनाको सङ्ख्या देखाउँछ।<ref name="f967">{{cite web | title=United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, crime-violent-offences | url=https://dataunodc.un.org/crime-violent-offences | access-date=13 July 2026}}</ref> तालिकामा समावेश प्रत्येक तथ्याङ्क सम्बन्धित देशले अपनाएको बलात्कारको कानुनी परिभाषामा आधारित छ, जुन विश्वभरका देशहरूमा निकै फरक-फरक हुन्छ। {{Sticky header}}{{table alignment}} {| class="wikitable sortable sticky-header col1left" style="text-align:center;" ! राष्ट्र !! वार्षिक उजुरी<br />प्रति लाखमा<ref name="f967"/> !! वर्ष |- | {{flaglist|Afghanistan}} || - || - |- | {{flaglist|Bangladesh}} || ८.० || २००६ |- | {{flaglist|Bhutan}} || ६.९ || २०२० |- | {{flaglist|India}} || २.२ || २०२२ |- | {{flaglist|Maldives}} || १.३ || २०१७ |- | {{flaglist|Nepal}} || ४.२ || २०१६ |- | {{flaglist|Pakistan}} || २.३७ || २०२३ |- | {{flaglist|Sri Lanka}} || ७.९ || २०१९ |} ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{Reflist}} ==बाह्य कडीहरू== * https://www.onlinekhabar.com/2018/04/674774/बलात्कारको-डाटा-कुन-जाति * https://ekantipur.com/news/2024/07/27/horrifying-statistics-of-rape-and-sexual-exploitation-it-is-difficult-for-victims-to-get-justice-25-36.html * https://www.bbc.com/nepali/news-46200678 * https://nagariknews.nagariknetwork.com/social-affairs/1241121-1689946050.html opxu88jhvkm3fvyqteldetq88l2mb3p 1365891 1365886 2026-07-13T17:37:03Z Saroj 31493 // Edit via Wikiplus 1365891 wikitext text/x-wiki '''बलात्कार र अन्य यौनजन्य हिंसा सम्बन्धी तथ्याङ्क'''हरू सामान्यतया विकसित मुलुकमा सजिलै उपलब्ध हुन्छन् र विश्वभरि नै यसको दस्तावेजीकरणमा सुधार आएको छ। यद्यपि, बलात्कार सम्बन्धी आंकडाहरूको तुलना गर्न भने कठिन देखिन्छ। विभिन्न देशहरूले प्रयोग गर्ने बलात्कारको परिभाषा अलग-अलग हुनुका साथै उनीहरूसँग बलात्कार सम्बन्धी विवरण, अभिलेखाङ्कन, अभियोजन तथा प्रति बलात्कार दोषसिद्धिको दर पनि अलग-अलग छ। यसै कारणले गर्दा बलात्कार सम्बन्धी तथ्याङ्कहरू ठाउँ अनुसार भिन्न भिन्न हुन सक्छन्। कतिपयले त बलात्कार सम्बन्धी तथ्याङ्कहरू पूर्ण रूपमा अविश्वसनीय एवम् भ्रामक हुने तर्क गर्छन्।<ref name="Gordon2002">{{cite book|author=L. P. Gordon|title=Violence Against Women|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rmXf-lSuqcgC|year=2002|publisher=Nova Publishers|isbn=978-1-59033-455-3|pages=4–6}}</ref><ref name=TCJ /> कतिपय स्थानमा कुनै पुरुषले महिलाको बलात्कार गरेमा मात्र त्यसलाई आधिकारिक बलात्कारको रूपमा गनिने गर्छ।<ref name=TCJ>{{cite web|url=http://www.cjonline.com/stories/080804/loc_crimestats.shtml |title=Statistics can be misleading |publisher=CJOnline.com |date=8 August 2004 |access-date=2026-7-13}}</ref> केही देशका न्यायपालिकामा कसैलाई जबरजस्ती अर्को व्यक्तिसँग शारीरिक सम्पर्क गराउन बाध्य पारिएको अवस्थालाई बलात्कारको रूपमा गणना गरिँदैन, जसले बलात्कारको तथ्याङ्क वरपर थप विवाद सिर्जना गर्दछ।<ref>{{cite journal|title=The Sexual Victimisation of Men in America: New Data Challenge Old Assumptions|date=13 May 2014|journal=American Journal of Public Health|doi=10.2105/AJPH.2014.301946 |last1=Stemple |first1=Lara |last2=Meyer |first2=Ilan H. |volume=104 |issue=6 |pages=e19–e26 |pmid=24825225 |pmc=4062022 }}</ref> कतिपय देशहरूले वैवाहिक बलात्कार (पति वा पत्नीमाथि जबरजस्ती गरिएको यौन सम्बन्ध) लाई बलात्कारको रूपमा परिभाषित नगर्न पनि सक्छन्।<ref>{{cite book |last1=Gangoli |first1=Geetanjali |title=SIX Controlling women's sexuality: rape law in India |chapter=Controlling women's sexuality |date=2011 |publisher=Bristol University Press |page=104 |doi=10.2307/j.ctt9qgkd6.9 |jstor=j.ctt9qgkd6.9 |url=https://durham-repository.worktribe.com/output/1651229}}</ref> बलात्कार यस्तो अपराध हो जस सम्बन्धी उजुरीहरू भने धेरै कमले मात्र गर्छन्। बलात्कारको उजुरी नगर्नुका कारणहरू विभिन्न देशहरूमा फरक-फरक हुन्छन्। यी कारणहरूमा बदलाको डर, अपराध भएको हो वा होइन भन्ने कुरा नै अनिश्चित हुनु, अपराधीको उद्देश्य नोक्सान पुऱ्याउने थियो वा थिएन भन्ने थाहा नहुनु, बलात्कार भएको घटना अरू कसैलाई थाहा भए परिवार र समाजको इज्जतमै धब्बा लाग्छ भन्ने सोच राख्नु, विवाह अघिको यौन सम्बन्ध सम्बन्धी कानूनका कारण कानूनी कारवाहीको दायरामा आउने डर, स्थानीय प्रहरीमाथि भरोसा नहुनु आदि समावेश हुन सक्छन्।<ref>{{cite journal|title=Female Victims Of Sexual Violence, 1994-2010|date=7 March 2013|url=http://www.bjs.gov/index.cfm?ty=pbdetail&iid=4594|access-date=13 July 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=Drug-facilitated, Incapacitated, and Forcible Rape: A National Study|journal=Medical University of South Carolina National Crime Victims Research and Treatment CTR|date=February 2007|page=70}}</ref> सरकारी तथ्याङ्कका आधारित [[संयुक्त राष्ट्रसंघ]]को एक रिपोर्टका अनुसार हरेक बर्ष प्रहरीले २,५०,००० भन्दा बढी बलात्कार वा बलात्कारको प्रयास सम्बन्धी उजुरीहरू दर्ता गर्ने गरेको छ। यस रिपोर्टमा ६५ राष्ट्रका तथ्याङ्कहरू सामिल थिए।<ref>{{cite web|url=[http://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/data-and-analysis/Eighth-United-Nations-Survey-on-Crime-Trends-and-the-Operations-of-Criminal-Justice-Systems.html|title=Eighth United Nations Survey on Crime Trends and the Operations of Criminal Justice Systems |publisher=Unodc.org |date=31 March 2005 |access-date=2026-7-13}}</ref> यस तालिकाले उपलब्ध पछिल्लो वर्षका आधारमा सार्क राष्ट्रहरूमा प्रति १ लाख जनसङ्ख्यामा अभिलेख गरिएका बलात्कारका वार्षिक घटनाको सङ्ख्या देखाउँछ।<ref name="f967">{{cite web | title=United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, crime-violent-offences | url=https://dataunodc.un.org/crime-violent-offences | access-date=13 July 2026}}</ref> तालिकामा समावेश प्रत्येक तथ्याङ्क सम्बन्धित देशले अपनाएको बलात्कारको कानुनी परिभाषामा आधारित छ, जुन विश्वभरका देशहरूमा निकै फरक-फरक हुन्छ। {{Sticky header}}{{table alignment}} {| class="wikitable sortable sticky-header col1left" style="text-align:center;" ! राष्ट्र !! वार्षिक उजुरी<br />प्रति लाखमा<ref name="f967"/> !! वर्ष |- | {{flaglist|अफगानिस्तान}} || - || - |- | {{flaglist|बङ्गलादेश}} || ८.० || २००६ |- | {{flaglist|भुटान}} || ६.९ || २०२० |- | {{flaglist|भारत}} || २.२ || २०२२ |- | {{flaglist|माल्दिभ्स}} || १.३ || २०१७ |- | {{flaglist|नेपाल}} || ४.२ || २०१६ |- | {{flaglist|पाकिस्तान}} || २.३७ || २०२३ |- | {{flaglist|श्रीलङ्का}} || ७.९ || २०१९ |} ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{Reflist}} ==बाह्य कडीहरू== * https://www.onlinekhabar.com/2018/04/674774/बलात्कारको-डाटा-कुन-जाति * https://ekantipur.com/news/2024/07/27/horrifying-statistics-of-rape-and-sexual-exploitation-it-is-difficult-for-victims-to-get-justice-25-36.html * https://www.bbc.com/nepali/news-46200678 * https://nagariknews.nagariknetwork.com/social-affairs/1241121-1689946050.html nreio801cgarcogbptm1x746sbkf4s5 1365892 1365891 2026-07-13T17:38:39Z Saroj 31493 [[विकिपिडिया:हटक्याट|हटक्याट]]द्वारा [[श्रेणी:बलात्कार]] जोडियो 1365892 wikitext text/x-wiki '''बलात्कार र अन्य यौनजन्य हिंसा सम्बन्धी तथ्याङ्क'''हरू सामान्यतया विकसित मुलुकमा सजिलै उपलब्ध हुन्छन् र विश्वभरि नै यसको दस्तावेजीकरणमा सुधार आएको छ। यद्यपि, बलात्कार सम्बन्धी आंकडाहरूको तुलना गर्न भने कठिन देखिन्छ। विभिन्न देशहरूले प्रयोग गर्ने बलात्कारको परिभाषा अलग-अलग हुनुका साथै उनीहरूसँग बलात्कार सम्बन्धी विवरण, अभिलेखाङ्कन, अभियोजन तथा प्रति बलात्कार दोषसिद्धिको दर पनि अलग-अलग छ। यसै कारणले गर्दा बलात्कार सम्बन्धी तथ्याङ्कहरू ठाउँ अनुसार भिन्न भिन्न हुन सक्छन्। कतिपयले त बलात्कार सम्बन्धी तथ्याङ्कहरू पूर्ण रूपमा अविश्वसनीय एवम् भ्रामक हुने तर्क गर्छन्।<ref name="Gordon2002">{{cite book|author=L. P. Gordon|title=Violence Against Women|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rmXf-lSuqcgC|year=2002|publisher=Nova Publishers|isbn=978-1-59033-455-3|pages=4–6}}</ref><ref name=TCJ /> कतिपय स्थानमा कुनै पुरुषले महिलाको बलात्कार गरेमा मात्र त्यसलाई आधिकारिक बलात्कारको रूपमा गनिने गर्छ।<ref name=TCJ>{{cite web|url=http://www.cjonline.com/stories/080804/loc_crimestats.shtml |title=Statistics can be misleading |publisher=CJOnline.com |date=8 August 2004 |access-date=2026-7-13}}</ref> केही देशका न्यायपालिकामा कसैलाई जबरजस्ती अर्को व्यक्तिसँग शारीरिक सम्पर्क गराउन बाध्य पारिएको अवस्थालाई बलात्कारको रूपमा गणना गरिँदैन, जसले बलात्कारको तथ्याङ्क वरपर थप विवाद सिर्जना गर्दछ।<ref>{{cite journal|title=The Sexual Victimisation of Men in America: New Data Challenge Old Assumptions|date=13 May 2014|journal=American Journal of Public Health|doi=10.2105/AJPH.2014.301946 |last1=Stemple |first1=Lara |last2=Meyer |first2=Ilan H. |volume=104 |issue=6 |pages=e19–e26 |pmid=24825225 |pmc=4062022 }}</ref> कतिपय देशहरूले वैवाहिक बलात्कार (पति वा पत्नीमाथि जबरजस्ती गरिएको यौन सम्बन्ध) लाई बलात्कारको रूपमा परिभाषित नगर्न पनि सक्छन्।<ref>{{cite book |last1=Gangoli |first1=Geetanjali |title=SIX Controlling women's sexuality: rape law in India |chapter=Controlling women's sexuality |date=2011 |publisher=Bristol University Press |page=104 |doi=10.2307/j.ctt9qgkd6.9 |jstor=j.ctt9qgkd6.9 |url=https://durham-repository.worktribe.com/output/1651229}}</ref> बलात्कार यस्तो अपराध हो जस सम्बन्धी उजुरीहरू भने धेरै कमले मात्र गर्छन्। बलात्कारको उजुरी नगर्नुका कारणहरू विभिन्न देशहरूमा फरक-फरक हुन्छन्। यी कारणहरूमा बदलाको डर, अपराध भएको हो वा होइन भन्ने कुरा नै अनिश्चित हुनु, अपराधीको उद्देश्य नोक्सान पुऱ्याउने थियो वा थिएन भन्ने थाहा नहुनु, बलात्कार भएको घटना अरू कसैलाई थाहा भए परिवार र समाजको इज्जतमै धब्बा लाग्छ भन्ने सोच राख्नु, विवाह अघिको यौन सम्बन्ध सम्बन्धी कानूनका कारण कानूनी कारवाहीको दायरामा आउने डर, स्थानीय प्रहरीमाथि भरोसा नहुनु आदि समावेश हुन सक्छन्।<ref>{{cite journal|title=Female Victims Of Sexual Violence, 1994-2010|date=7 March 2013|url=http://www.bjs.gov/index.cfm?ty=pbdetail&iid=4594|access-date=13 July 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=Drug-facilitated, Incapacitated, and Forcible Rape: A National Study|journal=Medical University of South Carolina National Crime Victims Research and Treatment CTR|date=February 2007|page=70}}</ref> सरकारी तथ्याङ्कका आधारित [[संयुक्त राष्ट्रसंघ]]को एक रिपोर्टका अनुसार हरेक बर्ष प्रहरीले २,५०,००० भन्दा बढी बलात्कार वा बलात्कारको प्रयास सम्बन्धी उजुरीहरू दर्ता गर्ने गरेको छ। यस रिपोर्टमा ६५ राष्ट्रका तथ्याङ्कहरू सामिल थिए।<ref>{{cite web|url=[http://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/data-and-analysis/Eighth-United-Nations-Survey-on-Crime-Trends-and-the-Operations-of-Criminal-Justice-Systems.html|title=Eighth United Nations Survey on Crime Trends and the Operations of Criminal Justice Systems |publisher=Unodc.org |date=31 March 2005 |access-date=2026-7-13}}</ref> यस तालिकाले उपलब्ध पछिल्लो वर्षका आधारमा सार्क राष्ट्रहरूमा प्रति १ लाख जनसङ्ख्यामा अभिलेख गरिएका बलात्कारका वार्षिक घटनाको सङ्ख्या देखाउँछ।<ref name="f967">{{cite web | title=United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, crime-violent-offences | url=https://dataunodc.un.org/crime-violent-offences | access-date=13 July 2026}}</ref> तालिकामा समावेश प्रत्येक तथ्याङ्क सम्बन्धित देशले अपनाएको बलात्कारको कानुनी परिभाषामा आधारित छ, जुन विश्वभरका देशहरूमा निकै फरक-फरक हुन्छ। {{Sticky header}}{{table alignment}} {| class="wikitable sortable sticky-header col1left" style="text-align:center;" ! राष्ट्र !! वार्षिक उजुरी<br />प्रति लाखमा<ref name="f967"/> !! वर्ष |- | {{flaglist|अफगानिस्तान}} || - || - |- | {{flaglist|बङ्गलादेश}} || ८.० || २००६ |- | {{flaglist|भुटान}} || ६.९ || २०२० |- | {{flaglist|भारत}} || २.२ || २०२२ |- | {{flaglist|माल्दिभ्स}} || १.३ || २०१७ |- | {{flaglist|नेपाल}} || ४.२ || २०१६ |- | {{flaglist|पाकिस्तान}} || २.३७ || २०२३ |- | {{flaglist|श्रीलङ्का}} || ७.९ || २०१९ |} ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{Reflist}} ==बाह्य कडीहरू== * https://www.onlinekhabar.com/2018/04/674774/बलात्कारको-डाटा-कुन-जाति * https://ekantipur.com/news/2024/07/27/horrifying-statistics-of-rape-and-sexual-exploitation-it-is-difficult-for-victims-to-get-justice-25-36.html * https://www.bbc.com/nepali/news-46200678 * https://nagariknews.nagariknetwork.com/social-affairs/1241121-1689946050.html [[श्रेणी:बलात्कार]] toaq9dkrsjganu01iumkgzmkxl6ub7z 1 150814 1365887 2026-07-13T13:13:15Z Omnathpokh1 20435 https://fountain.toolforge.org/editathons/wikiwomen-editathon-2026 1365887 wikitext text/x-wiki {{विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०२६}} f8469qlh5cd67dh1x80viazoucrxwve 0 150815 1365893 2026-07-13T17:46:20Z पर्वत सुवेदी 31224 [[नन्दगोप]]मा अनुप्रेषण गर्दै 1365893 wikitext text/x-wiki #अनुप्रेषण [[नन्दगोप]] eoddg79jimvvcoskvoew2709toehlcy 0 150816 1365894 2026-07-13T17:47:34Z पर्वत सुवेदी 31224 नयाँ पृष्ठ: {{About|वसुदेवकी पत्नी|चन्द्रकी पत्नी|रोहिणी (देवी)|कृष्णकी पत्नी|रोहिणी (कृष्णकी पत्नी)}} {{Infobox deity | type = हिन्दु | spouse = [[वसुदेव]] | children = [[बलराम]] <br> सारण <br> शठ <br> शरु <br> सुभ्र <br> पिण्डारक <br> उशीनर <br> शिश... 1365894 wikitext text/x-wiki {{About|वसुदेवकी पत्नी|चन्द्रकी पत्नी|रोहिणी (देवी)|कृष्णकी पत्नी|रोहिणी (कृष्णकी पत्नी)}} {{Infobox deity | type = हिन्दु | spouse = [[वसुदेव]] | children = [[बलराम]] <br> सारण <br> शठ <br> शरु <br> सुभ्र <br> पिण्डारक <br> उशीनर <br> शिशिरायण <br> महाभाग <br> मानुष <br>[[सुभद्रा]] (छोरी) | father = [[वाहलिक]] | image = Mother Yasoda, Rohini Ma, Krsna and Balarama.jpg | caption = बलरामका साथमा रोहिणी (पहेँलो पहिरनमा) | texts = [[महाभारत]] | venerated_in = [[वैष्णव सम्प्रदाय|वैष्णव धर्म]] | dynasty = [[चन्द्रवंश]] (जन्मद्वारा) यदुवंश (विवाहद्वारा) | siblings = [[भूरिश्रवा|सोमदत्त]] र पौरवी }} [[हिन्दु पौराणिक कथा|हिन्दु पौराणिक कथाहरू]] अनुसार, '''रोहिणी''' ({{langx|sa|रोहिणी|lit=आरोहण गर्ने}},<ref>{{Cite web |last=www.wisdomlib.org |date=2009-04-12 |title=Rohini, Rohiṇi, Rohiṇī, Rohinī: 44 definitions |url=https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/rohini |access-date=2022-08-03 |website=www.wisdomlib.org |language=en}}</ref> [[वसुदेव]]की पहिलो पत्नी,<ref>{{cite book|first=Kamala |last=Subramaniam |title=Srimad Bhagavatam |year=1979 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XysqAAAAYAAJ&q=Rohini|publisher=Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, 1979 |page=320}}</ref> तथा हिन्दु देवताहरू [[बलराम]] र [[सुभद्रा]]की माता थिइन्। उनले [[कृष्ण]]को पालनपोषणमा महत्त्वपूर्ण भूमिका खेलेकी थिइन्।<ref>{{cite book |last1=Flueckiger |first1=Joyce Burkhalter |title=When the World Becomes Female: Guises of a South Indian Goddess |date=2013 |publisher=Indiana University Press |isbn=978-0-253-00960-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rFlE0PO0x1AC&q=Rohini+Devi&pg=PA133 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Patel |first1=Vijay |title=Corrupt Practice |date=2011 |publisher=AuthorHouse |isbn=978-1-4567-9304-3 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TxH-Uh44mj0C&q=Rohini+Devi&pg=PA202 |language=en}}</ref> == पौराणिक कथा == रोहिणीलाई [[वाहलिक]] राजाकी छोरीको रूपमा वर्णन गरिएको छ, जसले गर्दा उनी [[भीष्म]]की फुपूकी छोरी (बहिनी) हुन आउँछिन्। उनको विवाह यदुका वंशज, [[चन्द्रवंश]]का राजा वसुदेवसँग भएको थियो। उनकी बहिनी पौरवीको विवाह पनि वसुदेवसँगै भएको थियो।<ref name="Vemsani">{{cite encyclopedia|last=Vemsani|first=Lavanya|title=Krishna in History, Thought, and Culture: An Encyclopedia of the Hindu Lord of Many Names|publisher=ABC-CLIO|year=2016|isbn=978-1-61069-211-3|entry=Rohini|pages=233–4}}</ref> वसुदेवले [[मथुरा]]की राजकुमारी [[देवकी]]सँग पनि विवाह गरेका थिए। देवकीको आठौँ पुत्रद्वारा कंसको मृत्यु हुने दैवी भविष्यवाणी भएपछि, विवाहलगत्तै यो जोडीलाई देवकीका भाइ [[कंस]]ले कैद गर्छन्। वसुदेव कैदमा रहेकै समयमा रोहिणी आफ्ना पतिका भाइ (काकाका छोरा)<ref name="tkk">{{cite book|last1=Sanghi|first1=Ashwin|title=The Krishna key|date=2012|publisher=Westland|location=Chennai|isbn=9789381626689|page=Key7|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-UiwMRwcT-kC&q=choudhary+yadav+ahir|access-date=9 June 2016|language=en}}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="Lok Nath Soni">{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wT-BAAAAMAAJ&q=vasudeva | title=The Cattle and the Stick: An Ethnographic Profile of the Raut of Chhattisgarh | publisher=Anthropological Survey of India, Government of India, Ministry of Tourism and Culture, Department of Culture, 2000 Original from the University of Michigan | author=Lok Nath Soni | year=2000 | location=Anthropological Survey of India, Government of India, Ministry of Tourism and Culture, Department of Culture, Delhi | pages=16 | isbn=978-8185579573}}</ref> [[नन्द (कृष्णका पिता)|नन्द]]को घर [[व्रज]]मा बस्छिन्। देवकीका अघिल्ला सबै पुत्रहरू मारिए तापनि, सातौँ गर्भलाई रोहिणीको गर्भमा स्थानान्तरण गरिन्छ। यसरी रोहिणीले बलरामलाई जन्म दिन्छिन्।<ref name="Vemsani"/> देवकीका आठौँ सन्तान [[कृष्ण]]लाई नन्द र [[यशोदा]]की छोरीसँग गोप्य रूपमा साटिएको थियो। यशोदा (कृष्णकी पाल्ने आमा) र रोहिणीले कृष्ण र बलरामको बाल्यकालको पालनपोषणमा महत्त्वपूर्ण भूमिका निर्वाह गरेका थिए।<ref name="Vemsani"/> कृष्ण र बलरामद्वारा वसुदेव मुक्त भएपछि, रोहिणीले एउटी छोरी [[सुभद्रा]]लाई जन्म दिन्छिन्।<ref name="Vemsani1">{{cite encyclopedia|last=Vemsani|first=Lavanya|title=Krishna in History, Thought, and Culture: An Encyclopedia of the Hindu Lord of Many Names|publisher=ABC-CLIO|year=2016|isbn=978-1-61069-211-3|entry=Nidra|page=195}}</ref> महाकाव्य [[महाभारत]]का अनुसार, यादव संहारपछि वसुदेवको मृत्यु भएपछि, रोहिणीले वसुदेवका अन्य पत्नीहरू देवकी, भद्रा र मदिरासँगै चितामा सती गएर आत्मदाह गरेकी थिइन्।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m16/m16007.htm |title=The Mahabharata, Book 16: Mausala Parva: Section 7 |publisher=Sacred-texts.com |date= |accessdate=2018-07-18}}</ref> == सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू == {{सन्दर्भसूची}} {{Hindu Culture and Epics}} [[श्रेणी:महाभारतका पात्रहरू]] [[श्रेणी:कृष्णसँग सम्बन्धित व्यक्तिहरू]] [[श्रेणी:भागवत पुराणका पात्रहरू]] fjpccvc03lm2x27hztzd17qrye0illb 1365896 1365894 2026-07-13T17:48:59Z पर्वत सुवेदी 31224 1365896 wikitext text/x-wiki {{About|वसुदेवकी पत्नी|चन्द्रकी पत्नी|रोहिणी (देवी)|कृष्णकी पत्नी|रोहिणी (कृष्णकी पत्नी)}} {{Infobox deity | type = हिन्दु | spouse = [[वसुदेव]] | children = [[बलराम]] <br> सारण <br> शठ <br> शरु <br> सुभ्र <br> पिण्डारक <br> उशीनर <br> शिशिरायण <br> महाभाग <br> मानुष <br>[[सुभद्रा]] (छोरी) | father = [[वाहलिक]] | image = Mother Yasoda, Rohini Ma, Krsna and Balarama.jpg | caption = बलरामका साथमा रोहिणी (पहेँलो पहिरनमा) | texts = [[महाभारत]] | venerated_in = [[वैष्णव सम्प्रदाय|वैष्णव धर्म]] | dynasty = [[चन्द्रवंश]] (जन्मद्वारा) यदुवंश (विवाहद्वारा) | siblings = [[भूरिश्रवा|सोमदत्त]] र पौरवी }} [[हिन्दु पौराणिक कथा|हिन्दु पौराणिक कथाहरू]] अनुसार, '''रोहिणी''' ({{langx|sa|रोहिणी|lit=आरोहण गर्ने}},<ref>{{Cite web |last=www.wisdomlib.org |date=2009-04-12 |title=Rohini, Rohiṇi, Rohiṇī, Rohinī: 44 definitions |url=https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/rohini |access-date=2022-08-03 |website=www.wisdomlib.org |language=en}}</ref> [[वसुदेव]]की पहिलो पत्नी,<ref>{{cite book|first=Kamala |last=Subramaniam |title=Srimad Bhagavatam |year=1979 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XysqAAAAYAAJ&q=Rohini|publisher=Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, 1979 |page=320}}</ref> तथा हिन्दु देवताहरू [[बलराम]] र [[सुभद्रा]]की माता थिइन्। उनले [[कृष्ण]]को पालनपोषणमा महत्त्वपूर्ण भूमिका खेलेकी थिइन्।<ref>{{cite book |last1=Flueckiger |first1=Joyce Burkhalter |title=When the World Becomes Female: Guises of a South Indian Goddess |date=2013 |publisher=Indiana University Press |isbn=978-0-253-00960-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rFlE0PO0x1AC&q=Rohini+Devi&pg=PA133 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Patel |first1=Vijay |title=Corrupt Practice |date=2011 |publisher=AuthorHouse |isbn=978-1-4567-9304-3 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TxH-Uh44mj0C&q=Rohini+Devi&pg=PA202 |language=en}}</ref> == पौराणिक कथा == रोहिणीलाई [[वाहलिक]] राजाकी छोरीको रूपमा वर्णन गरिएको छ, जसले गर्दा उनी [[भीष्म]]की फुपूकी छोरी (बहिनी) हुन आउँछिन्। उनको विवाह यदुका वंशज, [[चन्द्रवंश]]का राजा वसुदेवसँग भएको थियो। उनकी बहिनी पौरवीको विवाह पनि वसुदेवसँगै भएको थियो।<ref name="Vemsani">{{cite encyclopedia|last=Vemsani|first=Lavanya|title=Krishna in History, Thought, and Culture: An Encyclopedia of the Hindu Lord of Many Names|publisher=ABC-CLIO|year=2016|isbn=978-1-61069-211-3|entry=Rohini|pages=233–4}}</ref> वसुदेवले [[मथुरा]]की राजकुमारी [[देवकी]]सँग पनि विवाह गरेका थिए। देवकीको आठौँ पुत्रद्वारा कंसको मृत्यु हुने दैवी भविष्यवाणी भएपछि, विवाहलगत्तै यो जोडीलाई देवकीका भाइ [[कंस]]ले कैद गर्छन्। वसुदेव कैदमा रहेकै समयमा रोहिणी आफ्ना पतिका भाइ (काकाका छोरा)<ref name="tkk">{{cite book|last1=Sanghi|first1=Ashwin|title=The Krishna key|date=2012|publisher=Westland|location=Chennai|isbn=9789381626689|page=Key7|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-UiwMRwcT-kC&q=choudhary+yadav+ahir|access-date=9 June 2016|language=en}}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="Lok Nath Soni">{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wT-BAAAAMAAJ&q=vasudeva | title=The Cattle and the Stick: An Ethnographic Profile of the Raut of Chhattisgarh | publisher=Anthropological Survey of India, Government of India, Ministry of Tourism and Culture, Department of Culture, 2000 Original from the University of Michigan | author=Lok Nath Soni | year=2000 | location=Anthropological Survey of India, Government of India, Ministry of Tourism and Culture, Department of Culture, Delhi | pages=16 | isbn=978-8185579573}}</ref> [[नन्द (कृष्णका पिता)|नन्द]]को घर [[व्रज]]मा बस्छिन्। देवकीका अघिल्ला सबै पुत्रहरू मारिए तापनि, सातौँ गर्भलाई रोहिणीको गर्भमा स्थानान्तरण गरिन्छ। यसरी रोहिणीले बलरामलाई जन्म दिन्छिन्।<ref name="Vemsani"/> देवकीका आठौँ सन्तान [[कृष्ण]]लाई नन्द र [[यशोदा]]की छोरीसँग गोप्य रूपमा साटिएको थियो। यशोदा (कृष्णकी पाल्ने आमा) र रोहिणीले कृष्ण र बलरामको बाल्यकालको पालनपोषणमा महत्त्वपूर्ण भूमिका निर्वाह गरेका थिए।<ref name="Vemsani"/> कृष्ण र बलरामद्वारा वसुदेव मुक्त भएपछि, रोहिणीले एउटी छोरी [[सुभद्रा]]लाई जन्म दिन्छिन्।<ref name="Vemsani1">{{cite encyclopedia|last=Vemsani|first=Lavanya|title=Krishna in History, Thought, and Culture: An Encyclopedia of the Hindu Lord of Many Names|publisher=ABC-CLIO|year=2016|isbn=978-1-61069-211-3|entry=Nidra|page=195}}</ref> महाकाव्य [[महाभारत]]का अनुसार, यादव संहारपछि वसुदेवको मृत्यु भएपछि, रोहिणीले वसुदेवका अन्य पत्नीहरू देवकी, भद्रा र मदिरासँगै चितामा सती गएर आत्मदाह गरेकी थिइन्।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m16/m16007.htm |title=The Mahabharata, Book 16: Mausala Parva: Section 7 |publisher=Sacred-texts.com |date= |accessdate=2018-07-18}}</ref> == सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू == {{सन्दर्भसूची}} {{हिन्दु देवी देवता}} [[श्रेणी:महाभारतका पात्रहरू]] [[श्रेणी:कृष्णसँग सम्बन्धित व्यक्तिहरू]] [[श्रेणी:भागवत पुराणका पात्रहरू]] l19s1lkzjlksu9a1ehg4rlmy5c80pll 0 150817 1365895 2026-07-13T17:48:11Z पर्वत सुवेदी 31224 [[रोहिणी नक्षत्र]]मा अनुप्रेषण गर्दै 1365895 wikitext text/x-wiki #अनुप्रेषण [[रोहिणी नक्षत्र]] khdj29qi4xc17z6iwaaecrqntvlwubz 1 150818 1365897 2026-07-13T17:50:01Z पर्वत सुवेदी 31224 https://fountain.toolforge.org/editathons/wikiwomen-editathon-2026 1365897 wikitext text/x-wiki {{विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०२६}} f8469qlh5cd67dh1x80viazoucrxwve 3 150819 1365898 2026-07-13T21:11:48Z नेपाली विकिपिडिया स्वागत 28168 [[ढाँचा:नमस्ते|स्वागतम्]] 1365898 wikitext text/x-wiki ==विकिपिडियामा स्वागत छ!== <div style="width: 99%; color: #111; {{box-shadow|0|1px|3px|rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.35)}} {{border-radius|2px}}"> <div style="overflow:hidden; height:auto; background: #fff; width: 100%; padding-bottom:18px;"> <div style="font-size: 36px; margin-top: 24px;margin-left: 16px; font-family: 'Linux Libertine',Georgia,Times,serif; line-height: 1.2em;">नमस्ते, CogniForgeज्यू</div> <div style="font-size: 24px; padding-top: 0px; margin-left: 16px; font-family: 'Linux Libertine',Georgia,Times,serif; line-height:1.2em; color: #666; "> [[नेपाली विकिपिडिया]]मा हार्दिक [[विकिपिडिया:स्वागत|स्वागत]] छ! </div></div> <div style="vertical-align:middle; color: black; background-color:#fff"> <div style="display: flex; flex-flow: row wrap; background-color:#EAECF0; padding: 10px; padding-left: 25px; "> <div style="font-size: 18px; padding-top: 0px; margin-left: 0px; text-align: center; font-family: 'Linux Libertine',Georgia,Times,serif; line-height:1.5em; color: #111; "> हालसम्म नेपाली विकिपिडियामा [[विशेष:Statistics|२९,९११]] लेखहरू छन्। यसलाई बढाउन तपाईंको योगदानको आवश्यकता रहेको छ। आउनुहोस् तपाईं हामी सबै मिलेर नेपाली विकिपिडियालाई विश्वका अन्य प्रमुख [[:meta:List_of_Wikipedias/ne|भाषाका विकिपिडिया जत्ति कै धनी]] बनाऔँ। विकिपिडियाले कुनै पनि व्यक्तिलाई सम्पादन गर्ने अधिकार दिन्छ। मलाई आशा छ कि तपाईंले यहाँ मन पराउनुहुन्छ र योगदान गर्ने निर्णय गर्नुहुन्छ।</div> <div style="flex: 1 1 300px;"><br/> <div style="font-size: 17px; font-family: 'Linux Libertine',Georgia,Times,serif; line-height:1.2em; font-weight:normal;">[[चित्र:Symbol support2 vote.svg|25px|alt=|link=]] सुरुवात</div> <div style="font-size: 15px;"> * पहिले [[विकिपिडिया:विकिपिडियाको बारेमा|विकिपिडियाको परिचय पृष्ठ]] पढ्नुहोस्। * तपाईंले कसरी [[मद्दत:सहायता विषयसूचि|विकिपिडियामा योगदान गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ]] जान्नुहोस्। * आफ्नो परिचय दिनको लागि तपाईंको [[प्रयोगकर्ता:CogniForge|प्रयोगकर्ता पृष्ठ]] बनाउनुहोला ताकि हामी तपाईंलाई अझ राम्रोसँग चिन्न सक्छौँ। (परिचय दिइरहनु आवश्यक नै भने छैन) </div> </div> <div style="flex: 1 1 300px;"><br/> <div style="font-size: 17px; font-family: 'Linux Libertine',Georgia,Times,serif; line-height:1.2em; font-weight:normal;">[[चित्र:Artículo bueno-blue.svg|25px|alt=|link=]] सुझावहरू</div> <div style="font-size: 15px;"> * कृपया [[विकिपिडिया:स्वशिक्षा/वार्तालाप पृष्ठ|वार्तालाप पृष्ठ]]मा चारवटा वक्र (<code><nowiki>~~~~</nowiki></code>) प्रयोग गरि हस्ताक्षर गर्नुहोला। यसो गर्नाले वार्तालाप पृष्ठमा स्वत: तपाईंको नाम, वार्ता पृष्ठसूत्र र मिति थपिने छ। * यदि तपाईंलाई विकिपिडियामा केही समस्या परेको छ भने आफ्नो वार्तालाप पृष्ठमा <code>'''<nowiki>{{मद्दत}}</nowiki>'''</code> राख्नु होला। हाम्रा प्रयोगकर्ताहरूले तपाईंको समस्याको समाधान बताउने छन्। * नयाँ पृष्ठहरू [[विकिपिडिया:स्वशिक्षा/सम्पादन|सम्पादन गर्दा]] वा [[विकिपिडिया:कसरी लेख बनाउने?|सिर्जना गर्दा]], [[विकिपिडिया:स्वशिक्षा/सन्दर्भ|सन्दर्भ]]हरू थप्दा वा मेटाउँदा गल्ती गर्न डराउनु पर्दैन किनकि गल्ती जो कोहीबाट हुन् सक्छ। </div> </div> </div> <div style="padding: 10px; padding-left: 25px; "> <div style="text-align: center;"> {{clickable button 2|विकिपिडिया:कसरी लेख बनाउने?|कसरी लेख बनाउने?|class=mw-ui-constructive center}} </div> <div style="text-align: center;"> {{clickable button 2|विकिपिडिया:चिया घर|यदि तपाईंसँग प्रश्नहरू छन् भने यहाँ सोध्नुहोस्|class=mw-ui-constructive center}} </div> </div> </div> </div> '''स्वागतम्''', हामी नेपाली विकिपिडियामा तपाईंको सम्पादनको लागि पर्खिरहेका छौँ! -- [[User:नेपाली विकिपिडिया स्वागत|नेपाली विकिपिडिया स्वागत]] ([[User talk:नेपाली विकिपिडिया स्वागत|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०२:५६, १४ जुलाई २०२६ (नेपाली समय) jq7j4ajl4lgdi88g2zangd1qzl51cpa 0 150821 1365907 2026-07-14T02:39:29Z हिमाल सुवेदी 30817 नयाँ पृष्ठ: {{Short description|हिन्दु सन्त तथा योग गुरु (सन् १८९६–१९८२)}} {{हिन्दु धर्म}} {{Infobox Hindu leader | name = आनन्दमयी माँ | image = Sri Anandamayi Ma.jpg | caption = ''आनन्दमयी मा''को स्टुडियो तस्वीर | religion = [[हिन्दु धर्म]] | birth_date = {{birth date|1896|4|30|df=y}} | birth_pl... 1365907 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|हिन्दु सन्त तथा योग गुरु (सन् १८९६–१९८२)}} {{हिन्दु धर्म}} {{Infobox Hindu leader | name = आनन्दमयी माँ | image = Sri Anandamayi Ma.jpg | caption = ''आनन्दमयी मा''को स्टुडियो तस्वीर | religion = [[हिन्दु धर्म]] | birth_date = {{birth date|1896|4|30|df=y}} | birth_place = खेउडा, [[ब्राह्मनबाडिया जिल्ला]], [[बङ्गाल प्रेसिडेन्सी]], [[ब्रिटिस राज]] (हाल [[बङ्गलादेश]]मा) | birth_name = निर्मला सुन्दरी<ref name=UC/> | death_date = {{death date and age|1982|8|27|1896|4|30|df=y}} | death_place = किसनपुर, [[देहरादुन]], [[उत्तराखण्ड]], [[भारत]] | teacher = | order = [[आत्म-साक्षात्कार]] | philosophy = {{hlist|[[भक्ति योग]]}} | spouse = रामणी मोहन चक्रवर्ती | honors = | footnotes = }} '''आनन्दमयी माँ''' (जन्म '''निर्मला सुन्दरी'''; ३० अप्रिल १८९६ – २७ अगस्ट १९८२) एक भारतीय सन्त, गुरु तथा रहस्यवादी धार्मिक नेतृ थिइन्। उनलाई हिन्दु देवी [[दुर्गा]]को अवतारको रूपमा पूजिने गरिन्थ्यो।<ref name="Newcombe 2017">{{cite journal |last=Newcombe |first=Suzanne |author-link=Suzanne Newcombe |title=The Revival of Yoga in Contemporary India |journal=Religion |publisher=Oxford Research Encyclopedias |volume=1 |year=2017 |doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780199340378.013.253|isbn=9780199340378 |url=http://oro.open.ac.uk/48147/1/April_Yoga_Revival_Newcombe.pdf }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Halstorm |first=Lisa Lassell |title=Mother of Bliss |publisher=Oxford University Press |date=15 February 2008 |isbn=9780195116489 |edition=Illustrated |pages=324 |language=English}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Prentiss |first=Karen Pechilis |title=Encyclopedia of women and world religion |date=1999 |publisher=Macmillan Reference USA |isbn=978-0-02-864608-4 |editor-last=Young |editor-first=Serinity |location=New York |pages=29 |chapter=Anadamayi Ma (Manada Ma)}}</ref> शिवानन्द आश्रमका [[शिवानन्द सरस्वती]]ले उनलाई {{lang|fr|"la fleur la plus parfaite que le sol de l'Inde ait produite"}}<ref>{{cite book |last=Desjardins |first=Arnaud |author-link=Arnaud Desjardins |year=1962 |title=Ashrams: les yogis et les sages |publisher=Editions La Palatine |page=62 |language=fr |oclc=1660335}}</ref> [भारतीय भूमिले उत्पादन गरेको सबैभन्दा उत्तम फूल] भनेर वर्णन गरेका थिए।<ref name=":0">{{cite book |title=Mother, as Seen by Her Devotees |publisher=Shree Shree Anandamayee Sangha |year=1995 |page=61 |oclc=609519888}}</ref> उनको जीवन [[भक्ति योग]]मा लिप्त भएको र उनलाई "दिव्य कृपा"को प्रतिमूर्ति मानिन्थ्यो, जसले सामाजिक सांस्कृतिक वातावरणलाई सेवा, प्रेम र दिव्यको निरन्तर स्मरणको मार्गमा प्रेरित गरेको थियो।<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mukherjee |first=Bithika |title=The Most Gracious Presence Sri Ma Anandamayi Volume One 1896-1939 |publisher=Shree Shree Anandamaye Sangha |year=2010 |isbn=9788189558307 |pages=411 |language=English}}</ref> उनका अनुयायीहरूले उनका आध्यात्मिक गुणहरू जस्तै [[पूर्वज्ञान]], [[आस्थाद्वारा उपचार]] र [[चमत्कार]]हरू अनुभव गरेका थिए।<ref>{{cite book |last=Chaudhuri |first=Narayan |title=That Compassionate Touch of Ma Anandamayee |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |year=1986 |isbn=978-81-208-0204-9 |pages=16–18; 24–26; 129–133}}</ref> [[परमहंस योगानन्द]]ले संस्कृत विशेषण ''आनन्दमयी''लाई अङ्ग्रेजीमा आनन्दले परिपूर्ण भनी अनुवाद गरेका छन्। यो नाम उनलाई सन् १९२० को दशकमा उनका भक्तहरूले उनको निरन्तर दिव्य आनन्दको अवस्थाको वर्णन गर्न दिएका थिए।<ref name="LaT">{{cite book |last=Lipski |first=Alexander |year=1993 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wkntyXrcW6EC&pg=PA28|page=28|title=Life and Teaching of Sri Anandamayi Ma|publisher=Motillal Benarsidass Publishers|isbn=9788120805316 }}</ref> ===मृत्यु=== सन् १९८२ अगस्ट २७ का दिन [[देहरादुन]]मा उनको मृत्यु भएको थियो र त्यसपछि २९ अगस्ट १९८२<ref name="UC">{{cite book |last=Hawley |first=John Stratton |title=The life of Hinduism |publisher=Univ. of California Press |year=2006 |isbn=0520249135 |pages=173–183 |chapter=Anandamayi Ma: God came as a Woman |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UOYlDQAAQBAJ&q=0520249135}}</ref> मा [[उत्तर भारत]]को [[हरिद्वार]]मा गङ्गाको किनार नजिक अवस्थित उनको [[कनखल]] आश्रमको आँगनमा एउटा [[समाधि (तीर्थस्थल)|समाधि]] निर्माण गरिएको थियो।<ref name=banglapedia/><ref>[http://www.anandamayi.org/ashram/cc.htm Life History: Chronology of Mothers life] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160421183157/http://www.anandamayi.org/ashram/cc.htm |date=21 April 2016}} </ref> 6cc9xzeatj15ylb8sl0sw47bcub0x6i 1365908 1365907 2026-07-14T02:48:36Z हिमाल सुवेदी 30817 1365908 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|हिन्दु सन्त तथा योग गुरु (सन् १८९६–१९८२)}} {{हिन्दु धर्म}} {{Infobox Hindu leader | name = आनन्दमयी माँ | image = Sri Anandamayi Ma.jpg | caption = ''आनन्दमयी मा''को स्टुडियो तस्वीर | religion = [[हिन्दु धर्म]] | birth_date = {{birth date|1896|4|30|df=y}} | birth_place = खेउडा, [[ब्राह्मनबाडिया जिल्ला]], [[बङ्गाल प्रेसिडेन्सी]], [[ब्रिटिस राज]] (हाल [[बङ्गलादेश]]मा) | birth_name = निर्मला सुन्दरी<ref name=UC/> | death_date = {{death date and age|1982|8|27|1896|4|30|df=y}} | death_place = किसनपुर, [[देहरादुन]], [[उत्तराखण्ड]], [[भारत]] | teacher = | order = [[आत्म-साक्षात्कार]] | philosophy = {{hlist|[[भक्ति योग]]}} | spouse = रामणी मोहन चक्रवर्ती | honors = | footnotes = }} '''आनन्दमयी माँ''' (जन्म '''निर्मला सुन्दरी'''; ३० अप्रिल १८९६ – २७ अगस्ट १९८२) एक भारतीय सन्त, गुरु तथा रहस्यवादी धार्मिक नेतृ थिइन्। उनलाई हिन्दु देवी [[दुर्गा]]को अवतारको रूपमा पूजिने गरिन्थ्यो।<ref name="Newcombe 2017">{{cite journal |last=Newcombe |first=Suzanne |author-link=Suzanne Newcombe |title=The Revival of Yoga in Contemporary India |journal=Religion |publisher=Oxford Research Encyclopedias |volume=1 |year=2017 |doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780199340378.013.253|isbn=9780199340378 |url=http://oro.open.ac.uk/48147/1/April_Yoga_Revival_Newcombe.pdf }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Halstorm |first=Lisa Lassell |title=Mother of Bliss |publisher=Oxford University Press |date=15 February 2008 |isbn=9780195116489 |edition=Illustrated |pages=324 |language=English}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Prentiss |first=Karen Pechilis |title=Encyclopedia of women and world religion |date=1999 |publisher=Macmillan Reference USA |isbn=978-0-02-864608-4 |editor-last=Young |editor-first=Serinity |location=New York |pages=29 |chapter=Anadamayi Ma (Manada Ma)}}</ref> शिवानन्द आश्रमका [[शिवानन्द सरस्वती]]ले उनलाई {{lang|fr|"la fleur la plus parfaite que le sol de l'Inde ait produite"}}<ref>{{cite book |last=Desjardins |first=Arnaud |author-link=Arnaud Desjardins |year=1962 |title=Ashrams: les yogis et les sages |publisher=Editions La Palatine |page=62 |language=fr |oclc=1660335}}</ref> [भारतीय भूमिले उत्पादन गरेको सबैभन्दा उत्तम फूल] भनेर वर्णन गरेका थिए।<ref name=":0">{{cite book |title=Mother, as Seen by Her Devotees |publisher=Shree Shree Anandamayee Sangha |year=1995 |page=61 |oclc=609519888}}</ref> उनको जीवन [[भक्ति योग]]मा लिप्त भएको र उनलाई "दिव्य कृपा"को प्रतिमूर्ति मानिन्थ्यो, जसले सामाजिक सांस्कृतिक वातावरणलाई सेवा, प्रेम र दिव्यको निरन्तर स्मरणको मार्गमा प्रेरित गरेको थियो।<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mukherjee |first=Bithika |title=The Most Gracious Presence Sri Ma Anandamayi Volume One 1896-1939 |publisher=Shree Shree Anandamaye Sangha |year=2010 |isbn=9788189558307 |pages=411 |language=English}}</ref> उनका अनुयायीहरूले उनका आध्यात्मिक गुणहरू जस्तै [[पूर्वज्ञान]], [[आस्थाद्वारा उपचार]] र [[चमत्कार]]हरू अनुभव गरेका थिए।<ref>{{cite book |last=Chaudhuri |first=Narayan |title=That Compassionate Touch of Ma Anandamayee |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |year=1986 |isbn=978-81-208-0204-9 |pages=16–18; 24–26; 129–133}}</ref> [[परमहंस योगानन्द]]ले संस्कृत विशेषण ''आनन्दमयी''लाई अङ्ग्रेजीमा आनन्दले परिपूर्ण भनी अनुवाद गरेका छन्। यो नाम उनलाई सन् १९२० को दशकमा उनका भक्तहरूले उनको निरन्तर दिव्य आनन्दको अवस्थाको वर्णन गर्न दिएका थिए।<ref name="LaT">{{cite book |last=Lipski |first=Alexander |year=1993 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wkntyXrcW6EC&pg=PA28|page=28|title=Life and Teaching of Sri Anandamayi Ma|publisher=Motillal Benarsidass Publishers|isbn=9788120805316 }}</ref> ===सार्वजनिक छवि=== माँ आनन्दमयीलाई उनका अनुयायीहरूले आनन्दको प्रतिमूर्ति, उपचारक र देवी कालीको अवतारको रूपमा बुझेका थिए। आज पनि भारतमा उनका सक्रिय शिष्यहरू छन्।<ref name=":1" /> खेउराको मुसलमानहरूले उनलाई "हाम्री आमा" भनेर सम्बोधन गर्दछ।<ref name="Wisdom" /> उनले प्रायः आफूलाई तृतीय पुरुषमा "यो शरीर" वा "यो सानी केटी" भनेर उल्लेख गर्थिन् जुन [[हिन्दु धर्म]]मा अहंकारबाट आफूलाई अलग गर्नको लागि एउटा सामान्य आध्यात्मिक अभ्यास हो।<ref>{{Cite book |last=Aymard |first=Orianne |title=When a Goddess Dies: Worshipping Ma Anandamayi after Her Death |date=2014-05-01 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0199368631 |authorlink=Orianne Aymard}}</ref> [[परमहंस योगानन्द]]ले आफ्नो पुस्तक ''[[योगीको आत्मकथा]]''मा उनको बारेमा लेखेका छन्।<ref name="UC" /><ref name="TW">{{cite book |last=Sharma |first=Arvind |url=https://archive.org/details/todayswomaninwor0000unse/page/128 |title=Today's Woman in World Religions |publisher=State University of New York Press |year=1994 |isbn=0-7914-1687-9 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/todayswomaninwor0000unse/page/128 128–130] |chapter=Women in Hinduism |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UOYlDQAAQBAJ&q=0520249135}}</ref> उनको भेट "द बेङ्गाली 'जय-परमिटेड मदर'" शीर्षकको अध्यायमा वर्णन गरिएको छ, जहाँ उनले आफ्नो पृष्ठभूमि यसरी व्याख्या गर्छिन्: {{blockquote|"बुबा, भन्नु पर्ने धेरै थोरै छ।" उनले आफ्ना सुन्दर हातहरू नम्रतापूर्वक फैलाइन्। "मेरो चेतनाले कहिल्यै पनि यो क्षणिक शरीरसँग आफूलाई सम्बद्ध गरेको छैन। म यस पृथ्वीमा आउनुभन्दा पहिले, बुबा, ''म त्यस्तै थिएँ''। सानी केटी हुँदा, ''म त्यस्तै थिएँ''। म युवती भएँ, तर अझै पनि ''म त्यस्तै थिएँ''। जब म जन्मेको परिवारले यो शरीरको विवाह गर्ने व्यवस्था गर्‍यो, ''म त्यस्तै थिएँ''... र बुबा, तपाईको अगाडि अहिले पनि, ''म त्यस्तै छु''। सधैँभरि, यद्यपि सृष्टिको नाच मेरो वरिपरि अनन्तताको सभागृहमा परिवर्तित भइरहोस्, ''म त्यस्तै रहनेछु''।<ref name=IR>{{cite book |last=Hallstrom |first=Lisa Lassell |editor-last=Hees |editor-first=Peter |year=1999 |chapter=Anandamayi Ma |title=Indian Religions: A Historical Reader of Spiritual Expression and Experience |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xYglQ5ossEkC&pg=PA538 |page=538 |publisher=Hurst & Company, London|isbn=9781850654964}}</ref>"}} ==मृत्यु== सन् १९८२ अगस्ट २७ का दिन [[देहरादुन]]मा उनको मृत्यु भएको थियो र त्यसपछि २९ अगस्ट १९८२<ref name="UC">{{cite book |last=Hawley |first=John Stratton |title=The life of Hinduism |publisher=Univ. of California Press |year=2006 |isbn=0520249135 |pages=173–183 |chapter=Anandamayi Ma: God came as a Woman |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UOYlDQAAQBAJ&q=0520249135}}</ref> मा [[उत्तर भारत]]को [[हरिद्वार]]मा गङ्गाको किनार नजिक अवस्थित उनको कनखल आश्रमको आँगनमा एउटा [[समाधि (तीर्थस्थल)|समाधि]] निर्माण गरिएको थियो।<ref name=banglapedia/><ref>[http://www.anandamayi.org/ashram/cc.htm Life History: Chronology of Mothers life] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160421183157/http://www.anandamayi.org/ashram/cc.htm |date=21 April 2016}} </ref> iava18lne46b1ztgxp98v3z36cq56sp 1365909 1365908 2026-07-14T02:51:21Z हिमाल सुवेदी 30817 1365909 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|हिन्दु सन्त तथा योग गुरु (सन् १८९६–१९८२)}} {{हिन्दु धर्म}} {{Infobox Hindu leader | name = आनन्दमयी माँ | image = Sri Anandamayi Ma.jpg | caption = ''आनन्दमयी मा''को स्टुडियो तस्वीर | religion = [[हिन्दु धर्म]] | birth_date = {{birth date|1896|4|30|df=y}} | birth_place = खेउडा, [[ब्राह्मनबाडिया जिल्ला]], [[बङ्गाल प्रेसिडेन्सी]], [[ब्रिटिस राज]] (हाल [[बङ्गलादेश]]मा) | birth_name = निर्मला सुन्दरी<ref name=UC/> | death_date = {{death date and age|1982|8|27|1896|4|30|df=y}} | death_place = किसनपुर, [[देहरादुन]], [[उत्तराखण्ड]], [[भारत]] | teacher = | order = [[आत्म-साक्षात्कार]] | philosophy = {{hlist|[[भक्ति योग]]}} | spouse = रामणी मोहन चक्रवर्ती | honors = | footnotes = }} '''आनन्दमयी माँ''' (जन्म '''निर्मला सुन्दरी'''; ३० अप्रिल १८९६ – २७ अगस्ट १९८२) एक भारतीय सन्त, गुरु तथा रहस्यवादी धार्मिक नेतृ थिइन्। उनलाई हिन्दु देवी [[दुर्गा]]को अवतारको रूपमा पूजिने गरिन्थ्यो।<ref name="Newcombe 2017">{{cite journal |last=Newcombe |first=Suzanne |title=The Revival of Yoga in Contemporary India |journal=Religion |publisher=Oxford Research Encyclopedias |volume=1 |year=2017 |doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780199340378.013.253|isbn=9780199340378 |url=http://oro.open.ac.uk/48147/1/April_Yoga_Revival_Newcombe.pdf }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Halstorm |first=Lisa Lassell |title=Mother of Bliss |publisher=Oxford University Press |date=15 February 2008 |isbn=9780195116489 |edition=Illustrated |pages=324 |language=English}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Prentiss |first=Karen Pechilis |title=Encyclopedia of women and world religion |date=1999 |publisher=Macmillan Reference USA |isbn=978-0-02-864608-4 |editor-last=Young |editor-first=Serinity |location=New York |pages=29 |chapter=Anadamayi Ma (Manada Ma)}}</ref> शिवानन्द आश्रमका [[शिवानन्द सरस्वती]]ले उनलाई {{lang|fr|"la fleur la plus parfaite que le sol de l'Inde ait produite"}}<ref>{{cite book |last=Desjardins |first=Arnaud|year=1962 |title=Ashrams: les yogis et les sages |publisher=Editions La Palatine |page=62 |language=fr |oclc=1660335}}</ref> [भारतीय भूमिले उत्पादन गरेको सबैभन्दा उत्तम फूल] भनेर वर्णन गरेका थिए।<ref name=":0">{{cite book |title=Mother, as Seen by Her Devotees |publisher=Shree Shree Anandamayee Sangha |year=1995 |page=61 |oclc=609519888}}</ref> उनको जीवन [[भक्ति योग]]मा लिप्त भएको र उनलाई "दिव्य कृपा"को प्रतिमूर्ति मानिन्थ्यो, जसले सामाजिक सांस्कृतिक वातावरणलाई सेवा, प्रेम र दिव्यको निरन्तर स्मरणको मार्गमा प्रेरित गरेको थियो।<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mukherjee |first=Bithika |title=The Most Gracious Presence Sri Ma Anandamayi Volume One 1896-1939 |publisher=Shree Shree Anandamaye Sangha |year=2010 |isbn=9788189558307 |pages=411 |language=English}}</ref> उनका अनुयायीहरूले उनका आध्यात्मिक गुणहरू जस्तै [[पूर्वज्ञान]], [[आस्थाद्वारा उपचार]] र [[चमत्कार]]हरू अनुभव गरेका थिए।<ref>{{cite book |last=Chaudhuri |first=Narayan |title=That Compassionate Touch of Ma Anandamayee |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |year=1986 |isbn=978-81-208-0204-9 |pages=16–18; 24–26; 129–133}}</ref> [[परमहंस योगानन्द]]ले संस्कृत विशेषण ''आनन्दमयी''लाई अङ्ग्रेजीमा आनन्दले परिपूर्ण भनी अनुवाद गरेका छन्। यो नाम उनलाई सन् १९२० को दशकमा उनका भक्तहरूले उनको निरन्तर दिव्य आनन्दको अवस्थाको वर्णन गर्न दिएका थिए।<ref name="LaT">{{cite book |last=Lipski |first=Alexander |year=1993 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wkntyXrcW6EC&pg=PA28|page=28|title=Life and Teaching of Sri Anandamayi Ma|publisher=Motillal Benarsidass Publishers|isbn=9788120805316 }}</ref> ==सार्वजनिक छवि== माँ आनन्दमयीलाई उनका अनुयायीहरूले आनन्दको प्रतिमूर्ति, उपचारक र देवी कालीको अवतारको रूपमा बुझेका थिए। आज पनि भारतमा उनका सक्रिय शिष्यहरू छन्।<ref name=":1" /> खेउराको मुसलमानहरूले उनलाई "हाम्री आमा" भनेर सम्बोधन गर्दछ। उनले प्रायः आफूलाई तृतीय पुरुषमा "यो शरीर" वा "यो सानी केटी" भनेर उल्लेख गर्थिन् जुन [[हिन्दु धर्म]]मा अहंकारबाट आफूलाई अलग गर्नको लागि एउटा सामान्य आध्यात्मिक अभ्यास हो।<ref>{{Cite book |last=Aymard |first=Orianne |title=When a Goddess Dies: Worshipping Ma Anandamayi after Her Death |date=2014-05-01 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0199368631}}</ref> [[परमहंस योगानन्द]]ले आफ्नो पुस्तक ''[[योगीको आत्मकथा]]''मा उनको बारेमा लेखेका छन्।<ref name="UC" /><ref name="TW">{{cite book |last=Sharma |first=Arvind |url=https://archive.org/details/todayswomaninwor0000unse/page/128 |title=Today's Woman in World Religions |publisher=State University of New York Press |year=1994 |isbn=0-7914-1687-9 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/todayswomaninwor0000unse/page/128 128–130] |chapter=Women in Hinduism |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UOYlDQAAQBAJ&q=0520249135}}</ref> उनको भेट "द बेङ्गाली 'जय-परमिटेड मदर'" शीर्षकको अध्यायमा वर्णन गरिएको छ, जहाँ उनले आफ्नो पृष्ठभूमि यसरी व्याख्या गर्छिन्: {{blockquote|"बुबा, भन्नु पर्ने धेरै थोरै छ।" उनले आफ्ना सुन्दर हातहरू नम्रतापूर्वक फैलाइन्। "मेरो चेतनाले कहिल्यै पनि यो क्षणिक शरीरसँग आफूलाई सम्बद्ध गरेको छैन। म यस पृथ्वीमा आउनुभन्दा पहिले, बुबा, ''म त्यस्तै थिएँ''। सानी केटी हुँदा, ''म त्यस्तै थिएँ''। म युवती भएँ, तर अझै पनि ''म त्यस्तै थिएँ''। जब म जन्मेको परिवारले यो शरीरको विवाह गर्ने व्यवस्था गर्‍यो, ''म त्यस्तै थिएँ''... र बुबा, तपाईको अगाडि अहिले पनि, ''म त्यस्तै छु''। सधैँभरि, यद्यपि सृष्टिको नाच मेरो वरिपरि अनन्तताको सभागृहमा परिवर्तित भइरहोस्, ''म त्यस्तै रहनेछु''।<ref name=IR>{{cite book |last=Hallstrom |first=Lisa Lassell |editor-last=Hees |editor-first=Peter |year=1999 |chapter=Anandamayi Ma |title=Indian Religions: A Historical Reader of Spiritual Expression and Experience |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xYglQ5ossEkC&pg=PA538 |page=538 |publisher=Hurst & Company, London|isbn=9781850654964}}</ref>"}} ==मृत्यु== सन् १९८२ अगस्ट २७ का दिन [[देहरादुन]]मा उनको मृत्यु भएको थियो र त्यसपछि २९ अगस्ट १९८२<ref name="UC">{{cite book |last=Hawley |first=John Stratton |title=The life of Hinduism |publisher=Univ. of California Press |year=2006 |isbn=0520249135 |pages=173–183 |chapter=Anandamayi Ma: God came as a Woman |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UOYlDQAAQBAJ&q=0520249135}}</ref> मा [[उत्तर भारत]]को [[हरिद्वार]]मा गङ्गाको किनार नजिक अवस्थित उनको कनखल आश्रमको आँगनमा एउटा [[समाधि (तीर्थस्थल)|समाधि]] निर्माण गरिएको थियो।<ref>[http://www.anandamayi.org/ashram/cc.htm Life History: Chronology of Mothers life] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160421183157/http://www.anandamayi.org/ashram/cc.htm |date=21 April 2016}} </ref> == सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू == {{सन्दर्भसूची}} 4uj6vp2zh6i7v59a3gl4ble007bx8tu 1365910 1365909 2026-07-14T02:58:22Z हिमाल सुवेदी 30817 /* */ 1365910 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|हिन्दु सन्त तथा योग गुरु (सन् १८९६–१९८२)}} {{हिन्दु धर्म}} {{Infobox Hindu leader | name = आनन्दमयी माँ | image = Sri Anandamayi Ma.jpg | caption = ''आनन्दमयी मा''को स्टुडियो तस्वीर | religion = [[हिन्दु धर्म]] | birth_date = {{birth date|1896|4|30|df=y}} | birth_place = खेउडा, [[ब्राह्मनबाडिया जिल्ला]], [[बङ्गाल प्रेसिडेन्सी]], [[ब्रिटिस राज]] (हाल [[बङ्गलादेश]]मा) | birth_name = निर्मला सुन्दरी<ref name=UC/> | death_date = {{death date and age|1982|8|27|1896|4|30|df=y}} | death_place = किसनपुर, [[देहरादुन]], [[उत्तराखण्ड]], [[भारत]] | teacher = | order = [[आत्म-साक्षात्कार]] | philosophy = {{hlist|[[भक्ति योग]]}} | spouse = रामणी मोहन चक्रवर्ती | honors = | footnotes = }} '''आनन्दमयी माँ''' (जन्म '''निर्मला सुन्दरी'''; ३० अप्रिल १८९६ – २७ अगस्ट १९८२) एक भारतीय सन्त, गुरु तथा रहस्यवादी धार्मिक नेतृ थिइन्। उनलाई हिन्दु देवी [[दुर्गा]]को अवतारको रूपमा पूजिने गरिन्थ्यो।<ref name="Newcombe 2017">{{cite journal |last=Newcombe |first=Suzanne |title=The Revival of Yoga in Contemporary India |journal=Religion |publisher=Oxford Research Encyclopedias |volume=1 |year=2017 |doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780199340378.013.253|isbn=9780199340378 |url=http://oro.open.ac.uk/48147/1/April_Yoga_Revival_Newcombe.pdf }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Halstorm |first=Lisa Lassell |title=Mother of Bliss |publisher=Oxford University Press |date=15 February 2008 |isbn=9780195116489 |edition=Illustrated |pages=324 |language=English}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Prentiss |first=Karen Pechilis |title=Encyclopedia of women and world religion |date=1999 |publisher=Macmillan Reference USA |isbn=978-0-02-864608-4 |editor-last=Young |editor-first=Serinity |location=New York |pages=29 |chapter=Anadamayi Ma (Manada Ma)}}</ref> शिवानन्द आश्रमका [[शिवानन्द सरस्वती]]ले उनलाई {{lang|fr|"la fleur la plus parfaite que le sol de l'Inde ait produite"}}<ref>{{cite book |last=Desjardins |first=Arnaud|year=1962 |title=Ashrams: les yogis et les sages |publisher=Editions La Palatine |page=62 |language=fr |oclc=1660335}}</ref> [भारतीय भूमिले उत्पादन गरेको सबैभन्दा उत्तम फूल] भनेर वर्णन गरेका थिए।<ref name=":0">{{cite book |title=Mother, as Seen by Her Devotees |publisher=Shree Shree Anandamayee Sangha |year=1995 |page=61 |oclc=609519888}}</ref> उनको जीवन [[भक्ति योग]]मा लिप्त भएको र उनलाई "दिव्य कृपा"को प्रतिमूर्ति मानिन्थ्यो, जसले सामाजिक सांस्कृतिक वातावरणलाई सेवा, प्रेम र दिव्यको निरन्तर स्मरणको मार्गमा प्रेरित गरेको थियो।<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mukherjee |first=Bithika |title=The Most Gracious Presence Sri Ma Anandamayi Volume One 1896-1939 |publisher=Shree Shree Anandamaye Sangha |year=2010 |isbn=9788189558307 |pages=411 |language=English}}</ref> उनका अनुयायीहरूले उनका आध्यात्मिक गुणहरू जस्तै [[पूर्वज्ञान]], [[आस्थाद्वारा उपचार]] र [[चमत्कार]]हरू अनुभव गरेका थिए।<ref>{{cite book |last=Chaudhuri |first=Narayan |title=That Compassionate Touch of Ma Anandamayee |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |year=1986 |isbn=978-81-208-0204-9 |pages=16–18; 24–26; 129–133}}</ref> [[परमहंस योगानन्द]]ले संस्कृत विशेषण ''आनन्दमयी''लाई अङ्ग्रेजीमा आनन्दले परिपूर्ण भनी अनुवाद गरेका छन्। यो नाम उनलाई सन् १९२० को दशकमा उनका भक्तहरूले उनको निरन्तर दिव्य आनन्दको अवस्थाको वर्णन गर्न दिएका थिए।<ref name="LaT">{{cite book |last=Lipski |first=Alexander |year=1993 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wkntyXrcW6EC&pg=PA28|page=28|title=Life and Teaching of Sri Anandamayi Ma|publisher=Motillal Benarsidass Publishers|isbn=9788120805316 }}</ref> ==शिक्षाहरू== "प्रत्येक मानवको सर्वोच्च कर्तव्य आत्म-साक्षात्कारको आकांक्षा गर्नु हो" जस्ता उक्तिहरू उनको शिक्षाको एउटा केन्द्रीय विषयवस्तु थियो। अन्य सबै दायित्वहरू गौण छन्" र "केवल ती कार्यहरू जसले मानिसको दिव्य प्रकृतिलाई प्रज्वलित गर्छन् ती मात्र कार्य भन्नुको योग्य छन्।" तथापि, उनले सबैलाई सन्यासी बन्न सल्लाह दिँदिनथिन्। उनी "प्रत्येक व्यक्ति आफ्नो दृष्टिकोणबाट सही छ," भन्दै आध्यात्मिक तर्क र विवादहरूलाई खारेज गर्थिन्। उनले औपचारिक दीक्षा दिँदिनथिन् र गुरु भनेर सम्बोधन गरिनु अस्वीकार गर्थिन् किनभने यस यस सम्बन्धि उनको भनाइ यस्तो थियो "सबै मार्गहरू मेरा मार्गहरू हुन्" र "मसँग कुनै विशेष मार्ग छैन।"<ref name="FlowerMethod">[http://www.anandamayi.org/books/Flower6.pdf Mataji's Methods] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304090443/http://www.anandamayi.org/books/Flower6.pdf |date=4 March 2016}}, ''As the Flower Sheds Its Fragrance'', Shree Shree Ma Anadamayee Sangha, Kankhal, Haridwar; ''Retrieved: 8 December 2007''</ref> उनले सबैका लागि समान आध्यात्मिक विधिहरूको वकालत गरिनन् र "प्रत्येक व्यक्तिले आफ्नो जन्मजात स्वभाव अनुसार अगाडि बढ्न सक्छ" भन्ने कुरामा जोड दिइन्, र शैव, वैष्णव, तान्त्रिक, [[इस्लाम धर्म|इस्लाम]], [[इसाई धर्म|इसाई]], यहुदी, [[सिख धर्म|सिख]], [[बौद्ध धर्म|बौद्ध]] र पारसी धर्म लगायत धेरै परम्पराका मानिसहरूलाई स्वागत गर्थिन्।{{Citation needed|date=November 2025}} उनले संसारमा ईश्वर-केन्द्रित जीवन कसरी बाँच्ने भनेर सिकाइन् र हजारौँलाई यस महान आदर्शको आकांक्षा गर्न सक्षम बनाउन जीवन्त प्रेरणा प्रदान गरिन्। उनको शिक्षण शैलीमा ठट्टाहरू, गीतहरू र दैनिक जीवनका निर्देशनहरूका साथै लामो प्रवचनहरू, मौन ध्यान र शास्त्रहरूको पठन सिफारिस समावेश थियो।{{Citation needed|date=November 2025}} ==सार्वजनिक छवि== माँ आनन्दमयीलाई उनका अनुयायीहरूले आनन्दको प्रतिमूर्ति, उपचारक र देवी कालीको अवतारको रूपमा बुझेका थिए। आज पनि भारतमा उनका सक्रिय शिष्यहरू छन्।<ref name=":1" /> खेउराको मुसलमानहरूले उनलाई "हाम्री आमा" भनेर सम्बोधन गर्दछ। उनले प्रायः आफूलाई तृतीय पुरुषमा "यो शरीर" वा "यो सानी केटी" भनेर उल्लेख गर्थिन् जुन [[हिन्दु धर्म]]मा अहंकारबाट आफूलाई अलग गर्नको लागि एउटा सामान्य आध्यात्मिक अभ्यास हो।<ref>{{Cite book |last=Aymard |first=Orianne |title=When a Goddess Dies: Worshipping Ma Anandamayi after Her Death |date=2014-05-01 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0199368631}}</ref> [[परमहंस योगानन्द]]ले आफ्नो पुस्तक ''[[योगीको आत्मकथा]]''मा उनको बारेमा लेखेका छन्।<ref name="UC" /><ref name="TW">{{cite book |last=Sharma |first=Arvind |url=https://archive.org/details/todayswomaninwor0000unse/page/128 |title=Today's Woman in World Religions |publisher=State University of New York Press |year=1994 |isbn=0-7914-1687-9 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/todayswomaninwor0000unse/page/128 128–130] |chapter=Women in Hinduism |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UOYlDQAAQBAJ&q=0520249135}}</ref> उनको भेट "द बेङ्गाली 'जय-परमिटेड मदर'" शीर्षकको अध्यायमा वर्णन गरिएको छ, जहाँ उनले आफ्नो पृष्ठभूमि यसरी व्याख्या गर्छिन्: {{blockquote|"बुबा, भन्नु पर्ने धेरै थोरै छ।" उनले आफ्ना सुन्दर हातहरू नम्रतापूर्वक फैलाइन्। "मेरो चेतनाले कहिल्यै पनि यो क्षणिक शरीरसँग आफूलाई सम्बद्ध गरेको छैन। म यस पृथ्वीमा आउनुभन्दा पहिले, बुबा, ''म त्यस्तै थिएँ''। सानी केटी हुँदा, ''म त्यस्तै थिएँ''। म युवती भएँ, तर अझै पनि ''म त्यस्तै थिएँ''। जब म जन्मेको परिवारले यो शरीरको विवाह गर्ने व्यवस्था गर्‍यो, ''म त्यस्तै थिएँ''... र बुबा, तपाईको अगाडि अहिले पनि, ''म त्यस्तै छु''। सधैँभरि, यद्यपि सृष्टिको नाच मेरो वरिपरि अनन्तताको सभागृहमा परिवर्तित भइरहोस्, ''म त्यस्तै रहनेछु''।<ref name=IR>{{cite book |last=Hallstrom |first=Lisa Lassell |editor-last=Hees |editor-first=Peter |year=1999 |chapter=Anandamayi Ma |title=Indian Religions: A Historical Reader of Spiritual Expression and Experience |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xYglQ5ossEkC&pg=PA538 |page=538 |publisher=Hurst & Company, London|isbn=9781850654964}}</ref>"}} ==मृत्यु== सन् १९८२ अगस्ट २७ का दिन [[देहरादुन]]मा उनको मृत्यु भएको थियो र त्यसपछि २९ अगस्ट १९८२<ref name="UC">{{cite book |last=Hawley |first=John Stratton |title=The life of Hinduism |publisher=Univ. of California Press |year=2006 |isbn=0520249135 |pages=173–183 |chapter=Anandamayi Ma: God came as a Woman |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UOYlDQAAQBAJ&q=0520249135}}</ref> मा [[उत्तर भारत]]को [[हरिद्वार]]मा गङ्गाको किनार नजिक अवस्थित उनको कनखल आश्रमको आँगनमा एउटा [[समाधि (तीर्थस्थल)|समाधि]] निर्माण गरिएको थियो।<ref>[http://www.anandamayi.org/ashram/cc.htm Life History: Chronology of Mothers life] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160421183157/http://www.anandamayi.org/ashram/cc.htm |date=21 April 2016}} </ref> == सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू == {{सन्दर्भसूची}} cnpxhj3gwrtyqu0o87u8dkl5vpua04e 1365911 1365910 2026-07-14T03:00:00Z हिमाल सुवेदी 30817 /* शिक्षाहरू */ 1365911 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|हिन्दु सन्त तथा योग गुरु (सन् १८९६–१९८२)}} {{हिन्दु धर्म}} {{Infobox Hindu leader | name = आनन्दमयी माँ | image = Sri Anandamayi Ma.jpg | caption = ''आनन्दमयी मा''को स्टुडियो तस्वीर | religion = [[हिन्दु धर्म]] | birth_date = {{birth date|1896|4|30|df=y}} | birth_place = खेउडा, [[ब्राह्मनबाडिया जिल्ला]], [[बङ्गाल प्रेसिडेन्सी]], [[ब्रिटिस राज]] (हाल [[बङ्गलादेश]]मा) | birth_name = निर्मला सुन्दरी<ref name=UC/> | death_date = {{death date and age|1982|8|27|1896|4|30|df=y}} | death_place = किसनपुर, [[देहरादुन]], [[उत्तराखण्ड]], [[भारत]] | teacher = | order = [[आत्म-साक्षात्कार]] | philosophy = {{hlist|[[भक्ति योग]]}} | spouse = रामणी मोहन चक्रवर्ती | honors = | footnotes = }} '''आनन्दमयी माँ''' (जन्म '''निर्मला सुन्दरी'''; ३० अप्रिल १८९६ – २७ अगस्ट १९८२) एक भारतीय सन्त, गुरु तथा रहस्यवादी धार्मिक नेतृ थिइन्। उनलाई हिन्दु देवी [[दुर्गा]]को अवतारको रूपमा पूजिने गरिन्थ्यो।<ref name="Newcombe 2017">{{cite journal |last=Newcombe |first=Suzanne |title=The Revival of Yoga in Contemporary India |journal=Religion |publisher=Oxford Research Encyclopedias |volume=1 |year=2017 |doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780199340378.013.253|isbn=9780199340378 |url=http://oro.open.ac.uk/48147/1/April_Yoga_Revival_Newcombe.pdf }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Halstorm |first=Lisa Lassell |title=Mother of Bliss |publisher=Oxford University Press |date=15 February 2008 |isbn=9780195116489 |edition=Illustrated |pages=324 |language=English}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Prentiss |first=Karen Pechilis |title=Encyclopedia of women and world religion |date=1999 |publisher=Macmillan Reference USA |isbn=978-0-02-864608-4 |editor-last=Young |editor-first=Serinity |location=New York |pages=29 |chapter=Anadamayi Ma (Manada Ma)}}</ref> शिवानन्द आश्रमका [[शिवानन्द सरस्वती]]ले उनलाई {{lang|fr|"la fleur la plus parfaite que le sol de l'Inde ait produite"}}<ref>{{cite book |last=Desjardins |first=Arnaud|year=1962 |title=Ashrams: les yogis et les sages |publisher=Editions La Palatine |page=62 |language=fr |oclc=1660335}}</ref> [भारतीय भूमिले उत्पादन गरेको सबैभन्दा उत्तम फूल] भनेर वर्णन गरेका थिए।<ref name=":0">{{cite book |title=Mother, as Seen by Her Devotees |publisher=Shree Shree Anandamayee Sangha |year=1995 |page=61 |oclc=609519888}}</ref> उनको जीवन [[भक्ति योग]]मा लिप्त भएको र उनलाई "दिव्य कृपा"को प्रतिमूर्ति मानिन्थ्यो, जसले सामाजिक सांस्कृतिक वातावरणलाई सेवा, प्रेम र दिव्यको निरन्तर स्मरणको मार्गमा प्रेरित गरेको थियो।<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mukherjee |first=Bithika |title=The Most Gracious Presence Sri Ma Anandamayi Volume One 1896-1939 |publisher=Shree Shree Anandamaye Sangha |year=2010 |isbn=9788189558307 |pages=411 |language=English}}</ref> उनका अनुयायीहरूले उनका आध्यात्मिक गुणहरू जस्तै [[पूर्वज्ञान]], [[आस्थाद्वारा उपचार]] र [[चमत्कार]]हरू अनुभव गरेका थिए।<ref>{{cite book |last=Chaudhuri |first=Narayan |title=That Compassionate Touch of Ma Anandamayee |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |year=1986 |isbn=978-81-208-0204-9 |pages=16–18; 24–26; 129–133}}</ref> [[परमहंस योगानन्द]]ले संस्कृत विशेषण ''आनन्दमयी''लाई अङ्ग्रेजीमा आनन्दले परिपूर्ण भनी अनुवाद गरेका छन्। यो नाम उनलाई सन् १९२० को दशकमा उनका भक्तहरूले उनको निरन्तर दिव्य आनन्दको अवस्थाको वर्णन गर्न दिएका थिए।<ref name="LaT">{{cite book |last=Lipski |first=Alexander |year=1993 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wkntyXrcW6EC&pg=PA28|page=28|title=Life and Teaching of Sri Anandamayi Ma|publisher=Motillal Benarsidass Publishers|isbn=9788120805316 }}</ref> ==शिक्षाहरू== "प्रत्येक मानवको सर्वोच्च कर्तव्य आत्म-साक्षात्कारको आकांक्षा गर्नु हो" जस्ता उक्तिहरू उनको शिक्षाको एउटा केन्द्रीय विषयवस्तु थियो। अन्य सबै दायित्वहरू गौण छन्" र "केवल ती कार्यहरू जसले मानिसको दिव्य प्रकृतिलाई प्रज्वलित गर्छन् ती मात्र कार्य भन्नुको योग्य छन्।" तथापि, उनले सबैलाई सन्यासी बन्न सल्लाह दिँदिनथिन्। उनी "प्रत्येक व्यक्ति आफ्नो दृष्टिकोणबाट सही छ," भन्दै आध्यात्मिक तर्क र विवादहरूलाई खारेज गर्थिन्। उनले औपचारिक दीक्षा दिँदिनथिन् र गुरु भनेर सम्बोधन गरिनु अस्वीकार गर्थिन् किनभने यस यस सम्बन्धि उनको भनाइ यस्तो थियो "सबै मार्गहरू मेरा मार्गहरू हुन्" र "मसँग कुनै विशेष मार्ग छैन।"<ref name="FlowerMethod">[http://www.anandamayi.org/books/Flower6.pdf Mataji's Methods] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304090443/http://www.anandamayi.org/books/Flower6.pdf |date=4 March 2016}}, ''As the Flower Sheds Its Fragrance'', Shree Shree Ma Anadamayee Sangha, Kankhal, Haridwar; ''Retrieved: 8 December 2007''</ref> उनले सबैका लागि समान आध्यात्मिक विधिहरूको वकालत गरिनन् र "प्रत्येक व्यक्तिले आफ्नो जन्मजात स्वभाव अनुसार अगाडि बढ्न सक्छ" भन्ने कुरामा जोड दिइन्, र शैव, वैष्णव, तान्त्रिक, [[इस्लाम धर्म|इस्लाम]], [[इसाई धर्म|इसाई]], यहुदी, [[सिख धर्म|सिख]], [[बौद्ध धर्म|बौद्ध]] र पारसी धर्म लगायत धेरै परम्पराका मानिसहरूलाई स्वागत गर्थिन्।{{Citation needed|date=November 2025}} उनले संसारमा ईश्वर-केन्द्रित जीवन कसरी बाँच्ने भनेर सिकाइन् र हजारौँलाई यस महान आदर्शको आकांक्षा गर्न सक्षम बनाउन जीवन्त प्रेरणा प्रदान गरिन्। उनको शिक्षण शैलीमा ठट्टाहरू, गीतहरू र दैनिक जीवनका निर्देशनहरूका साथै लामो प्रवचनहरू, मौन ध्यान र शास्त्रहरूको पठन सिफारिस समावेश थियो।<ref name="Dharmapedia">Richard Lannoy; Ananadamayi: Her Life and Wisdom; Element Books Ltd; 1996; ISBN 1-85230-914-8</ref> ==सार्वजनिक छवि== माँ आनन्दमयीलाई उनका अनुयायीहरूले आनन्दको प्रतिमूर्ति, उपचारक र देवी कालीको अवतारको रूपमा बुझेका थिए। आज पनि भारतमा उनका सक्रिय शिष्यहरू छन्।<ref name=":1" /> खेउराको मुसलमानहरूले उनलाई "हाम्री आमा" भनेर सम्बोधन गर्दछ। उनले प्रायः आफूलाई तृतीय पुरुषमा "यो शरीर" वा "यो सानी केटी" भनेर उल्लेख गर्थिन् जुन [[हिन्दु धर्म]]मा अहंकारबाट आफूलाई अलग गर्नको लागि एउटा सामान्य आध्यात्मिक अभ्यास हो।<ref>{{Cite book |last=Aymard |first=Orianne |title=When a Goddess Dies: Worshipping Ma Anandamayi after Her Death |date=2014-05-01 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0199368631}}</ref> [[परमहंस योगानन्द]]ले आफ्नो पुस्तक ''[[योगीको आत्मकथा]]''मा उनको बारेमा लेखेका छन्।<ref name="UC" /><ref name="TW">{{cite book |last=Sharma |first=Arvind |url=https://archive.org/details/todayswomaninwor0000unse/page/128 |title=Today's Woman in World Religions |publisher=State University of New York Press |year=1994 |isbn=0-7914-1687-9 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/todayswomaninwor0000unse/page/128 128–130] |chapter=Women in Hinduism |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UOYlDQAAQBAJ&q=0520249135}}</ref> उनको भेट "द बेङ्गाली 'जय-परमिटेड मदर'" शीर्षकको अध्यायमा वर्णन गरिएको छ, जहाँ उनले आफ्नो पृष्ठभूमि यसरी व्याख्या गर्छिन्: {{blockquote|"बुबा, भन्नु पर्ने धेरै थोरै छ।" उनले आफ्ना सुन्दर हातहरू नम्रतापूर्वक फैलाइन्। "मेरो चेतनाले कहिल्यै पनि यो क्षणिक शरीरसँग आफूलाई सम्बद्ध गरेको छैन। म यस पृथ्वीमा आउनुभन्दा पहिले, बुबा, ''म त्यस्तै थिएँ''। सानी केटी हुँदा, ''म त्यस्तै थिएँ''। म युवती भएँ, तर अझै पनि ''म त्यस्तै थिएँ''। जब म जन्मेको परिवारले यो शरीरको विवाह गर्ने व्यवस्था गर्‍यो, ''म त्यस्तै थिएँ''... र बुबा, तपाईको अगाडि अहिले पनि, ''म त्यस्तै छु''। सधैँभरि, यद्यपि सृष्टिको नाच मेरो वरिपरि अनन्तताको सभागृहमा परिवर्तित भइरहोस्, ''म त्यस्तै रहनेछु''।<ref name=IR>{{cite book |last=Hallstrom |first=Lisa Lassell |editor-last=Hees |editor-first=Peter |year=1999 |chapter=Anandamayi Ma |title=Indian Religions: A Historical Reader of Spiritual Expression and Experience |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xYglQ5ossEkC&pg=PA538 |page=538 |publisher=Hurst & Company, London|isbn=9781850654964}}</ref>"}} ==मृत्यु== सन् १९८२ अगस्ट २७ का दिन [[देहरादुन]]मा उनको मृत्यु भएको थियो र त्यसपछि २९ अगस्ट १९८२<ref name="UC">{{cite book |last=Hawley |first=John Stratton |title=The life of Hinduism |publisher=Univ. of California Press |year=2006 |isbn=0520249135 |pages=173–183 |chapter=Anandamayi Ma: God came as a Woman |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UOYlDQAAQBAJ&q=0520249135}}</ref> मा [[उत्तर भारत]]को [[हरिद्वार]]मा गङ्गाको किनार नजिक अवस्थित उनको कनखल आश्रमको आँगनमा एउटा [[समाधि (तीर्थस्थल)|समाधि]] निर्माण गरिएको थियो।<ref>[http://www.anandamayi.org/ashram/cc.htm Life History: Chronology of Mothers life] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160421183157/http://www.anandamayi.org/ashram/cc.htm |date=21 April 2016}} </ref> == सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू == {{सन्दर्भसूची}} pwbzhxzm32m6a6p9f2l420jv3vdk1y7 1365912 1365911 2026-07-14T03:01:04Z हिमाल सुवेदी 30817 1365912 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|हिन्दु सन्त तथा योग गुरु (सन् १८९६–१९८२)}} {{हिन्दु धर्म}} {{Infobox Hindu leader | name = आनन्दमयी माँ | image = Sri Anandamayi Ma.jpg | caption = ''आनन्दमयी मा''को स्टुडियो तस्वीर | religion = [[हिन्दु धर्म]] | birth_date = {{birth date|1896|4|30|df=y}} | birth_place = खेउडा, [[ब्राह्मनबाडिया जिल्ला]], [[बङ्गाल प्रेसिडेन्सी]], [[ब्रिटिस राज]] (हाल [[बङ्गलादेश]]मा) | birth_name = निर्मला सुन्दरी<ref name=UC/> | death_date = {{death date and age|1982|8|27|1896|4|30|df=y}} | death_place = किसनपुर, [[देहरादुन]], [[उत्तराखण्ड]], [[भारत]] | teacher = | order = [[आत्म-साक्षात्कार]] | philosophy = {{hlist|[[भक्ति योग]]}} | spouse = रामणी मोहन चक्रवर्ती | honors = | footnotes = }} '''आनन्दमयी माँ''' (जन्म '''निर्मला सुन्दरी'''; ३० अप्रिल १८९६ – २७ अगस्ट १९८२) एक भारतीय सन्त, गुरु तथा रहस्यवादी धार्मिक नेतृ थिइन्। उनलाई हिन्दु देवी [[दुर्गा]]को अवतारको रूपमा पूजिने गरिन्थ्यो।<ref name="Newcombe 2017">{{cite journal |last=Newcombe |first=Suzanne |title=The Revival of Yoga in Contemporary India |journal=Religion |publisher=Oxford Research Encyclopedias |volume=1 |year=2017 |doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780199340378.013.253|isbn=9780199340378 |url=http://oro.open.ac.uk/48147/1/April_Yoga_Revival_Newcombe.pdf }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Halstorm |first=Lisa Lassell |title=Mother of Bliss |publisher=Oxford University Press |date=15 February 2008 |isbn=9780195116489 |edition=Illustrated |pages=324 |language=English}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Prentiss |first=Karen Pechilis |title=Encyclopedia of women and world religion |date=1999 |publisher=Macmillan Reference USA |isbn=978-0-02-864608-4 |editor-last=Young |editor-first=Serinity |location=New York |pages=29 |chapter=Anadamayi Ma (Manada Ma)}}</ref> शिवानन्द आश्रमका [[शिवानन्द सरस्वती]]ले उनलाई {{lang|fr|"la fleur la plus parfaite que le sol de l'Inde ait produite"}}<ref>{{cite book |last=Desjardins |first=Arnaud|year=1962 |title=Ashrams: les yogis et les sages |publisher=Editions La Palatine |page=62 |language=fr |oclc=1660335}}</ref> [भारतीय भूमिले उत्पादन गरेको सबैभन्दा उत्तम फूल] भनेर वर्णन गरेका थिए।<ref name=":0">{{cite book |title=Mother, as Seen by Her Devotees |publisher=Shree Shree Anandamayee Sangha |year=1995 |page=61 |oclc=609519888}}</ref> उनको जीवन [[भक्ति योग]]मा लिप्त भएको र उनलाई "दिव्य कृपा"को प्रतिमूर्ति मानिन्थ्यो, जसले सामाजिक सांस्कृतिक वातावरणलाई सेवा, प्रेम र दिव्यको निरन्तर स्मरणको मार्गमा प्रेरित गरेको थियो।<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mukherjee |first=Bithika |title=The Most Gracious Presence Sri Ma Anandamayi Volume One 1896-1939 |publisher=Shree Shree Anandamaye Sangha |year=2010 |isbn=9788189558307 |pages=411 |language=English}}</ref> उनका अनुयायीहरूले उनका आध्यात्मिक गुणहरू जस्तै [[पूर्वज्ञान]], [[आस्थाद्वारा उपचार]] र [[चमत्कार]]हरू अनुभव गरेका थिए।<ref>{{cite book |last=Chaudhuri |first=Narayan |title=That Compassionate Touch of Ma Anandamayee |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |year=1986 |isbn=978-81-208-0204-9 |pages=16–18; 24–26; 129–133}}</ref> [[परमहंस योगानन्द]]ले संस्कृत विशेषण ''आनन्दमयी''लाई अङ्ग्रेजीमा आनन्दले परिपूर्ण भनी अनुवाद गरेका छन्। यो नाम उनलाई सन् १९२० को दशकमा उनका भक्तहरूले उनको निरन्तर दिव्य आनन्दको अवस्थाको वर्णन गर्न दिएका थिए।<ref name="LaT">{{cite book |last=Lipski |first=Alexander |year=1993 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wkntyXrcW6EC&pg=PA28|page=28|title=Life and Teaching of Sri Anandamayi Ma|publisher=Motillal Benarsidass Publishers|isbn=9788120805316 }}</ref> ==शिक्षाहरू== "प्रत्येक मानवको सर्वोच्च कर्तव्य आत्म-साक्षात्कारको आकांक्षा गर्नु हो" जस्ता उक्तिहरू उनको शिक्षाको एउटा केन्द्रीय विषयवस्तु थियो। अन्य सबै दायित्वहरू गौण छन्" र "केवल ती कार्यहरू जसले मानिसको दिव्य प्रकृतिलाई प्रज्वलित गर्छन् ती मात्र कार्य भन्नुको योग्य छन्।" तथापि, उनले सबैलाई सन्यासी बन्न सल्लाह दिँदिनथिन्। उनी "प्रत्येक व्यक्ति आफ्नो दृष्टिकोणबाट सही छ," भन्दै आध्यात्मिक तर्क र विवादहरूलाई खारेज गर्थिन्। उनले औपचारिक दीक्षा दिँदिनथिन् र गुरु भनेर सम्बोधन गरिनु अस्वीकार गर्थिन् किनभने यस यस सम्बन्धि उनको भनाइ यस्तो थियो "सबै मार्गहरू मेरा मार्गहरू हुन्" र "मसँग कुनै विशेष मार्ग छैन।"<ref name="FlowerMethod">[http://www.anandamayi.org/books/Flower6.pdf Mataji's Methods] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304090443/http://www.anandamayi.org/books/Flower6.pdf |date=4 March 2016}}, ''As the Flower Sheds Its Fragrance'', Shree Shree Ma Anadamayee Sangha, Kankhal, Haridwar; ''Retrieved: 8 December 2007''</ref> उनले सबैका लागि समान आध्यात्मिक विधिहरूको वकालत गरिनन् र "प्रत्येक व्यक्तिले आफ्नो जन्मजात स्वभाव अनुसार अगाडि बढ्न सक्छ" भन्ने कुरामा जोड दिइन्, र शैव, वैष्णव, तान्त्रिक, [[इस्लाम धर्म|इस्लाम]], [[इसाई धर्म|इसाई]], यहुदी, [[सिख धर्म|सिख]], [[बौद्ध धर्म|बौद्ध]] र पारसी धर्म लगायत धेरै परम्पराका मानिसहरूलाई स्वागत गर्थिन्।<ref name="Dharmapedia">Richard Lannoy; Ananadamayi: Her Life and Wisdom; Element Books Ltd; 1996; ISBN 1-85230-914-8</ref> उनले संसारमा ईश्वर-केन्द्रित जीवन कसरी बाँच्ने भनेर सिकाइन् र हजारौँलाई यस महान आदर्शको आकांक्षा गर्न सक्षम बनाउन जीवन्त प्रेरणा प्रदान गरिन्। उनको शिक्षण शैलीमा ठट्टाहरू, गीतहरू र दैनिक जीवनका निर्देशनहरूका साथै लामो प्रवचनहरू, मौन ध्यान र शास्त्रहरूको पठन सिफारिस समावेश थियो। ==सार्वजनिक छवि== माँ आनन्दमयीलाई उनका अनुयायीहरूले आनन्दको प्रतिमूर्ति, उपचारक र देवी कालीको अवतारको रूपमा बुझेका थिए। आज पनि भारतमा उनका सक्रिय शिष्यहरू छन्।<ref name=":1" /> खेउराको मुसलमानहरूले उनलाई "हाम्री आमा" भनेर सम्बोधन गर्दछ। उनले प्रायः आफूलाई तृतीय पुरुषमा "यो शरीर" वा "यो सानी केटी" भनेर उल्लेख गर्थिन् जुन [[हिन्दु धर्म]]मा अहंकारबाट आफूलाई अलग गर्नको लागि एउटा सामान्य आध्यात्मिक अभ्यास हो।<ref>{{Cite book |last=Aymard |first=Orianne |title=When a Goddess Dies: Worshipping Ma Anandamayi after Her Death |date=2014-05-01 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0199368631}}</ref> [[परमहंस योगानन्द]]ले आफ्नो पुस्तक ''[[योगीको आत्मकथा]]''मा उनको बारेमा लेखेका छन्।<ref name="UC" /><ref name="TW">{{cite book |last=Sharma |first=Arvind |url=https://archive.org/details/todayswomaninwor0000unse/page/128 |title=Today's Woman in World Religions |publisher=State University of New York Press |year=1994 |isbn=0-7914-1687-9 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/todayswomaninwor0000unse/page/128 128–130] |chapter=Women in Hinduism |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UOYlDQAAQBAJ&q=0520249135}}</ref> उनको भेट "द बेङ्गाली 'जय-परमिटेड मदर'" शीर्षकको अध्यायमा वर्णन गरिएको छ, जहाँ उनले आफ्नो पृष्ठभूमि यसरी व्याख्या गर्छिन्: {{blockquote|"बुबा, भन्नु पर्ने धेरै थोरै छ।" उनले आफ्ना सुन्दर हातहरू नम्रतापूर्वक फैलाइन्। "मेरो चेतनाले कहिल्यै पनि यो क्षणिक शरीरसँग आफूलाई सम्बद्ध गरेको छैन। म यस पृथ्वीमा आउनुभन्दा पहिले, बुबा, ''म त्यस्तै थिएँ''। सानी केटी हुँदा, ''म त्यस्तै थिएँ''। म युवती भएँ, तर अझै पनि ''म त्यस्तै थिएँ''। जब म जन्मेको परिवारले यो शरीरको विवाह गर्ने व्यवस्था गर्‍यो, ''म त्यस्तै थिएँ''... र बुबा, तपाईको अगाडि अहिले पनि, ''म त्यस्तै छु''। सधैँभरि, यद्यपि सृष्टिको नाच मेरो वरिपरि अनन्तताको सभागृहमा परिवर्तित भइरहोस्, ''म त्यस्तै रहनेछु''।<ref name=IR>{{cite book |last=Hallstrom |first=Lisa Lassell |editor-last=Hees |editor-first=Peter |year=1999 |chapter=Anandamayi Ma |title=Indian Religions: A Historical Reader of Spiritual Expression and Experience |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xYglQ5ossEkC&pg=PA538 |page=538 |publisher=Hurst & Company, London|isbn=9781850654964}}</ref>"}} ==मृत्यु== सन् १९८२ अगस्ट २७ का दिन [[देहरादुन]]मा उनको मृत्यु भएको थियो र त्यसपछि २९ अगस्ट १९८२<ref name="UC">{{cite book |last=Hawley |first=John Stratton |title=The life of Hinduism |publisher=Univ. of California Press |year=2006 |isbn=0520249135 |pages=173–183 |chapter=Anandamayi Ma: God came as a Woman |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UOYlDQAAQBAJ&q=0520249135}}</ref> मा [[उत्तर भारत]]को [[हरिद्वार]]मा गङ्गाको किनार नजिक अवस्थित उनको कनखल आश्रमको आँगनमा एउटा [[समाधि (तीर्थस्थल)|समाधि]] निर्माण गरिएको थियो।<ref>[http://www.anandamayi.org/ashram/cc.htm Life History: Chronology of Mothers life] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160421183157/http://www.anandamayi.org/ashram/cc.htm |date=21 April 2016}} </ref> == सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू == {{सन्दर्भसूची}} fc7z1axh639wwm4oynz2a4okbvib3sb 1365913 1365912 2026-07-14T03:01:49Z हिमाल सुवेदी 30817 हिमाल सुवेदीद्वारा [[आनन्दमयी माँ]] पृष्ठलाई [[माँ आनन्दमयी]]मा सारियो 1365912 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|हिन्दु सन्त तथा योग गुरु (सन् १८९६–१९८२)}} {{हिन्दु धर्म}} {{Infobox Hindu leader | name = आनन्दमयी माँ | image = Sri Anandamayi Ma.jpg | caption = ''आनन्दमयी मा''को स्टुडियो तस्वीर | religion = [[हिन्दु धर्म]] | birth_date = {{birth date|1896|4|30|df=y}} | birth_place = खेउडा, [[ब्राह्मनबाडिया जिल्ला]], [[बङ्गाल प्रेसिडेन्सी]], [[ब्रिटिस राज]] (हाल [[बङ्गलादेश]]मा) | birth_name = निर्मला सुन्दरी<ref name=UC/> | death_date = {{death date and age|1982|8|27|1896|4|30|df=y}} | death_place = किसनपुर, [[देहरादुन]], [[उत्तराखण्ड]], [[भारत]] | teacher = | order = [[आत्म-साक्षात्कार]] | philosophy = {{hlist|[[भक्ति योग]]}} | spouse = रामणी मोहन चक्रवर्ती | honors = | footnotes = }} '''आनन्दमयी माँ''' (जन्म '''निर्मला सुन्दरी'''; ३० अप्रिल १८९६ – २७ अगस्ट १९८२) एक भारतीय सन्त, गुरु तथा रहस्यवादी धार्मिक नेतृ थिइन्। उनलाई हिन्दु देवी [[दुर्गा]]को अवतारको रूपमा पूजिने गरिन्थ्यो।<ref name="Newcombe 2017">{{cite journal |last=Newcombe |first=Suzanne |title=The Revival of Yoga in Contemporary India |journal=Religion |publisher=Oxford Research Encyclopedias |volume=1 |year=2017 |doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780199340378.013.253|isbn=9780199340378 |url=http://oro.open.ac.uk/48147/1/April_Yoga_Revival_Newcombe.pdf }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Halstorm |first=Lisa Lassell |title=Mother of Bliss |publisher=Oxford University Press |date=15 February 2008 |isbn=9780195116489 |edition=Illustrated |pages=324 |language=English}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Prentiss |first=Karen Pechilis |title=Encyclopedia of women and world religion |date=1999 |publisher=Macmillan Reference USA |isbn=978-0-02-864608-4 |editor-last=Young |editor-first=Serinity |location=New York |pages=29 |chapter=Anadamayi Ma (Manada Ma)}}</ref> शिवानन्द आश्रमका [[शिवानन्द सरस्वती]]ले उनलाई {{lang|fr|"la fleur la plus parfaite que le sol de l'Inde ait produite"}}<ref>{{cite book |last=Desjardins |first=Arnaud|year=1962 |title=Ashrams: les yogis et les sages |publisher=Editions La Palatine |page=62 |language=fr |oclc=1660335}}</ref> [भारतीय भूमिले उत्पादन गरेको सबैभन्दा उत्तम फूल] भनेर वर्णन गरेका थिए।<ref name=":0">{{cite book |title=Mother, as Seen by Her Devotees |publisher=Shree Shree Anandamayee Sangha |year=1995 |page=61 |oclc=609519888}}</ref> उनको जीवन [[भक्ति योग]]मा लिप्त भएको र उनलाई "दिव्य कृपा"को प्रतिमूर्ति मानिन्थ्यो, जसले सामाजिक सांस्कृतिक वातावरणलाई सेवा, प्रेम र दिव्यको निरन्तर स्मरणको मार्गमा प्रेरित गरेको थियो।<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mukherjee |first=Bithika |title=The Most Gracious Presence Sri Ma Anandamayi Volume One 1896-1939 |publisher=Shree Shree Anandamaye Sangha |year=2010 |isbn=9788189558307 |pages=411 |language=English}}</ref> उनका अनुयायीहरूले उनका आध्यात्मिक गुणहरू जस्तै [[पूर्वज्ञान]], [[आस्थाद्वारा उपचार]] र [[चमत्कार]]हरू अनुभव गरेका थिए।<ref>{{cite book |last=Chaudhuri |first=Narayan |title=That Compassionate Touch of Ma Anandamayee |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |year=1986 |isbn=978-81-208-0204-9 |pages=16–18; 24–26; 129–133}}</ref> [[परमहंस योगानन्द]]ले संस्कृत विशेषण ''आनन्दमयी''लाई अङ्ग्रेजीमा आनन्दले परिपूर्ण भनी अनुवाद गरेका छन्। यो नाम उनलाई सन् १९२० को दशकमा उनका भक्तहरूले उनको निरन्तर दिव्य आनन्दको अवस्थाको वर्णन गर्न दिएका थिए।<ref name="LaT">{{cite book |last=Lipski |first=Alexander |year=1993 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wkntyXrcW6EC&pg=PA28|page=28|title=Life and Teaching of Sri Anandamayi Ma|publisher=Motillal Benarsidass Publishers|isbn=9788120805316 }}</ref> ==शिक्षाहरू== "प्रत्येक मानवको सर्वोच्च कर्तव्य आत्म-साक्षात्कारको आकांक्षा गर्नु हो" जस्ता उक्तिहरू उनको शिक्षाको एउटा केन्द्रीय विषयवस्तु थियो। अन्य सबै दायित्वहरू गौण छन्" र "केवल ती कार्यहरू जसले मानिसको दिव्य प्रकृतिलाई प्रज्वलित गर्छन् ती मात्र कार्य भन्नुको योग्य छन्।" तथापि, उनले सबैलाई सन्यासी बन्न सल्लाह दिँदिनथिन्। उनी "प्रत्येक व्यक्ति आफ्नो दृष्टिकोणबाट सही छ," भन्दै आध्यात्मिक तर्क र विवादहरूलाई खारेज गर्थिन्। उनले औपचारिक दीक्षा दिँदिनथिन् र गुरु भनेर सम्बोधन गरिनु अस्वीकार गर्थिन् किनभने यस यस सम्बन्धि उनको भनाइ यस्तो थियो "सबै मार्गहरू मेरा मार्गहरू हुन्" र "मसँग कुनै विशेष मार्ग छैन।"<ref name="FlowerMethod">[http://www.anandamayi.org/books/Flower6.pdf Mataji's Methods] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304090443/http://www.anandamayi.org/books/Flower6.pdf |date=4 March 2016}}, ''As the Flower Sheds Its Fragrance'', Shree Shree Ma Anadamayee Sangha, Kankhal, Haridwar; ''Retrieved: 8 December 2007''</ref> उनले सबैका लागि समान आध्यात्मिक विधिहरूको वकालत गरिनन् र "प्रत्येक व्यक्तिले आफ्नो जन्मजात स्वभाव अनुसार अगाडि बढ्न सक्छ" भन्ने कुरामा जोड दिइन्, र शैव, वैष्णव, तान्त्रिक, [[इस्लाम धर्म|इस्लाम]], [[इसाई धर्म|इसाई]], यहुदी, [[सिख धर्म|सिख]], [[बौद्ध धर्म|बौद्ध]] र पारसी धर्म लगायत धेरै परम्पराका मानिसहरूलाई स्वागत गर्थिन्।<ref name="Dharmapedia">Richard Lannoy; Ananadamayi: Her Life and Wisdom; Element Books Ltd; 1996; ISBN 1-85230-914-8</ref> उनले संसारमा ईश्वर-केन्द्रित जीवन कसरी बाँच्ने भनेर सिकाइन् र हजारौँलाई यस महान आदर्शको आकांक्षा गर्न सक्षम बनाउन जीवन्त प्रेरणा प्रदान गरिन्। उनको शिक्षण शैलीमा ठट्टाहरू, गीतहरू र दैनिक जीवनका निर्देशनहरूका साथै लामो प्रवचनहरू, मौन ध्यान र शास्त्रहरूको पठन सिफारिस समावेश थियो। ==सार्वजनिक छवि== माँ आनन्दमयीलाई उनका अनुयायीहरूले आनन्दको प्रतिमूर्ति, उपचारक र देवी कालीको अवतारको रूपमा बुझेका थिए। आज पनि भारतमा उनका सक्रिय शिष्यहरू छन्।<ref name=":1" /> खेउराको मुसलमानहरूले उनलाई "हाम्री आमा" भनेर सम्बोधन गर्दछ। उनले प्रायः आफूलाई तृतीय पुरुषमा "यो शरीर" वा "यो सानी केटी" भनेर उल्लेख गर्थिन् जुन [[हिन्दु धर्म]]मा अहंकारबाट आफूलाई अलग गर्नको लागि एउटा सामान्य आध्यात्मिक अभ्यास हो।<ref>{{Cite book |last=Aymard |first=Orianne |title=When a Goddess Dies: Worshipping Ma Anandamayi after Her Death |date=2014-05-01 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0199368631}}</ref> [[परमहंस योगानन्द]]ले आफ्नो पुस्तक ''[[योगीको आत्मकथा]]''मा उनको बारेमा लेखेका छन्।<ref name="UC" /><ref name="TW">{{cite book |last=Sharma |first=Arvind |url=https://archive.org/details/todayswomaninwor0000unse/page/128 |title=Today's Woman in World Religions |publisher=State University of New York Press |year=1994 |isbn=0-7914-1687-9 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/todayswomaninwor0000unse/page/128 128–130] |chapter=Women in Hinduism |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UOYlDQAAQBAJ&q=0520249135}}</ref> उनको भेट "द बेङ्गाली 'जय-परमिटेड मदर'" शीर्षकको अध्यायमा वर्णन गरिएको छ, जहाँ उनले आफ्नो पृष्ठभूमि यसरी व्याख्या गर्छिन्: {{blockquote|"बुबा, भन्नु पर्ने धेरै थोरै छ।" उनले आफ्ना सुन्दर हातहरू नम्रतापूर्वक फैलाइन्। "मेरो चेतनाले कहिल्यै पनि यो क्षणिक शरीरसँग आफूलाई सम्बद्ध गरेको छैन। म यस पृथ्वीमा आउनुभन्दा पहिले, बुबा, ''म त्यस्तै थिएँ''। सानी केटी हुँदा, ''म त्यस्तै थिएँ''। म युवती भएँ, तर अझै पनि ''म त्यस्तै थिएँ''। जब म जन्मेको परिवारले यो शरीरको विवाह गर्ने व्यवस्था गर्‍यो, ''म त्यस्तै थिएँ''... र बुबा, तपाईको अगाडि अहिले पनि, ''म त्यस्तै छु''। सधैँभरि, यद्यपि सृष्टिको नाच मेरो वरिपरि अनन्तताको सभागृहमा परिवर्तित भइरहोस्, ''म त्यस्तै रहनेछु''।<ref name=IR>{{cite book |last=Hallstrom |first=Lisa Lassell |editor-last=Hees |editor-first=Peter |year=1999 |chapter=Anandamayi Ma |title=Indian Religions: A Historical Reader of Spiritual Expression and Experience |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xYglQ5ossEkC&pg=PA538 |page=538 |publisher=Hurst & Company, London|isbn=9781850654964}}</ref>"}} ==मृत्यु== सन् १९८२ अगस्ट २७ का दिन [[देहरादुन]]मा उनको मृत्यु भएको थियो र त्यसपछि २९ अगस्ट १९८२<ref name="UC">{{cite book |last=Hawley |first=John Stratton |title=The life of Hinduism |publisher=Univ. of California Press |year=2006 |isbn=0520249135 |pages=173–183 |chapter=Anandamayi Ma: God came as a Woman |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UOYlDQAAQBAJ&q=0520249135}}</ref> मा [[उत्तर भारत]]को [[हरिद्वार]]मा गङ्गाको किनार नजिक अवस्थित उनको कनखल आश्रमको आँगनमा एउटा [[समाधि (तीर्थस्थल)|समाधि]] निर्माण गरिएको थियो।<ref>[http://www.anandamayi.org/ashram/cc.htm Life History: Chronology of Mothers life] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160421183157/http://www.anandamayi.org/ashram/cc.htm |date=21 April 2016}} </ref> == सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू == {{सन्दर्भसूची}} fc7z1axh639wwm4oynz2a4okbvib3sb 0 150822 1365914 2026-07-14T03:01:50Z हिमाल सुवेदी 30817 हिमाल सुवेदीद्वारा [[आनन्दमयी माँ]] पृष्ठलाई [[माँ आनन्दमयी]]मा सारियो 1365914 wikitext text/x-wiki #अनुप्रेषण [[माँ आनन्दमयी]] 2c1hh57v1zzadjxjqbf1obpk9bqnalh 1 150823 1365915 2026-07-14T03:06:27Z हिमाल सुवेदी 30817 https://fountain.toolforge.org/editathons/wikiwomen-editathon-2026 1365915 wikitext text/x-wiki {{विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०२६}} f8469qlh5cd67dh1x80viazoucrxwve 0 150824 1365916 2026-07-14T03:24:22Z हिमाल सुवेदी 30817 नयाँ पृष्ठ: {{Short description|हिन्दु रहस्यवादी धार्मिक नेताकी श्रीमती (सन् १८५३–१९२०)}} {{for|हिन्दु देवी|सरस्वती}} {{Infobox Hindu leader | name = श्री शारदा देवी | image = Sri Ma Sarada Devi.jpg | religion = [[हिन्दु धर्म]] | caption = शारदा देवी, अन्दाजी सन्... 1365916 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|हिन्दु रहस्यवादी धार्मिक नेताकी श्रीमती (सन् १८५३–१९२०)}} {{for|हिन्दु देवी|सरस्वती}} {{Infobox Hindu leader | name = श्री शारदा देवी | image = Sri Ma Sarada Devi.jpg | religion = [[हिन्दु धर्म]] | caption = शारदा देवी, अन्दाजी सन् १८९० | birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1853|12|22}} | birth_place = [[जयरामबाटी]], [[बङ्गाल प्रेसिडेन्सी]], [[ब्रिटिस राज]] ([[पश्चिम बङ्गाल]], [[भारत]]) | birth_name = क्षेमङ्करी / ठाकुरमणि / शारदामणि मुखोपाध्याय | death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1920|07|20|1853|12|22}} | death_place = [[बागबाजार]], [[बङ्गाल प्रेसिडेन्सी]], [[ब्रिटिस राज]] (पश्चिम बङ्गाल, भारत) | teacher = [[रामकृष्ण परमहंस]] (आध्यात्मिक पति) | honors = श्री श्री माँ | spouse = [[रामकृष्ण परमहंस]] | death_cause = [[कालाजार]] }} {{quote box|width=22em|title=उद्धरण|quote="म दुष्टहरूकी माता हुँ, जसरी म सद्गुणीहरूकी माता हुँ। कहिल्यै डराउनुहोस्। जतसबेला तपाई सङ्कटमा हुनुहुन्छ, आफैलाई भन्नुहोस् 'मेरी आमा छिन्।'"<ref>{{cite book|last=Mookerjee|first=Nanda |title=Sri Sarada Devi, consort of Thakur Sri Ramakrishna|publisher=Firma KLM|year=1978|page= 15}}</ref>}} '''श्री शारदा देवी''' ({{भाषा-बङ्गाली|সারদা দেবী}}; {{audio|Sarada.ogg|''शारोदा देवी''}}; २२ डिसेम्बर १८५३ – २० जुलाई १९२०), जन्म '''क्षेमङ्करी''' / '''ठाकुरमणि''' / '''सारदामणि मुखोपाध्याय''', उन्नाइसौँ शताब्दीका हिन्दु रहस्यवादी धार्मिक नेता [[रामकृष्ण परमहंस]]की पत्नी तथा आध्यात्मिक सहकर थिइन्। शारदा देवीलाई श्री [[रामकृष्ण मठ|रामकृष्ण मठिक आदेश]]का अनुयायीहरूले आदरपूर्वक '''पवित्र माता''' (''श्री श्री माँ'') भनेर सम्बोधन गर्छन्। [[दक्षिणेश्वर]]मा अवस्थित श्री सारदा मठ र रामकृष्ण सारदा मिसन शारदा देवीका आदर्श र जीवनमा आधारित छ। उनले रामकृष्ण आन्दोलनको विकासमा महत्त्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाएकी थिइन्। शारदा देवीको जन्म [[जयरामबाटी]]मा भएको थियो, जुन गाँउ पछि भारतको पश्चिम बङ्गाल राज्यको [[बाँकुडा जिल्ला]]को अंश बनेको थियो। उनको विवाह सन् १८५९ मा रामकृष्णसँग मात्र पाँच वर्षको उमेरमा भएको थियो भने त्यतिबेला रामकृष्ण २३ वर्षका थिए। तर उनी १८ वर्षकी नभएसम्म आफ्नो परिवारसँगै बसेकी र पछि दक्षिणेश्वर काली मन्दिरमा रामकृष्णसँग बसेकी थिइन्। उनका जीवनीकारहरूका अनुसार, गृहस्थ र मठवासी जीवनशैलीका आदर्शहरू देखाउँदै दुवैले "अविच्छिन्न ब्रह्मचर्य"को जीवन बिताएका थिए रामकृष्णको मृत्यु पछि, शारदा देवी अधिकांश समय या त जयरामबाटीमा वा उद्बोधन कार्यकक्ष, कलकत्तामा बसेकी थिइन्। रामकृष्णका शिष्यहरूले उनलाई आफ्नै आमाको रूपमा सम्बोधन गर्ने गरेका र आफ्ना गुरुको मृत्यु पछि सल्लाह र प्रोत्साहनको लागि उनलाई हेर्ने गरेका थिए। रामकृष्ण आन्दोलनका अनुयायीहरू र विश्वभरका भक्तहरूको एक ठूलो वर्गले शारदा देवीलाई [[महादेवी|आदि पराशक्ति]] वा दिव्य माताको अवतारको रूपमा पूजा गर्ने गर्छन्। == सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू == {{सन्दर्भसूची}} nd38v9m7yq5eyuwj6p83a8smicboksb 1365917 1365916 2026-07-14T03:28:27Z हिमाल सुवेदी 30817 /* */ 1365917 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|हिन्दु रहस्यवादी धार्मिक नेताकी श्रीमती (सन् १८५३–१९२०)}} {{for|हिन्दु देवी|सरस्वती}} {{Infobox Hindu leader | name = श्री शारदा देवी | image = Sri Ma Sarada Devi.jpg | religion = [[हिन्दु धर्म]] | caption = शारदा देवी, अन्दाजी सन् १८९० | birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1853|12|22}} | birth_place = [[जयरामबाटी]], [[बङ्गाल प्रेसिडेन्सी]], [[ब्रिटिस राज]] ([[पश्चिम बङ्गाल]], [[भारत]]) | birth_name = क्षेमङ्करी / ठाकुरमणि / शारदामणि मुखोपाध्याय | death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1920|07|20|1853|12|22}} | death_place = [[बागबाजार]], [[बङ्गाल प्रेसिडेन्सी]], [[ब्रिटिस राज]] (पश्चिम बङ्गाल, भारत) | teacher = [[रामकृष्ण परमहंस]] (आध्यात्मिक पति) | honors = श्री श्री माँ | spouse = [[रामकृष्ण परमहंस]] | death_cause = [[कालाजार]] }} {{quote box|width=22em|title=उद्धरण|quote="म दुष्टहरूकी माता हुँ, जसरी म सद्गुणीहरूकी माता हुँ। कहिल्यै डराउनुहोस्। जतसबेला तपाई सङ्कटमा हुनुहुन्छ, आफैलाई भन्नुहोस् 'मेरी आमा छिन्।'"<ref>{{cite book|last=Mookerjee|first=Nanda |title=Sri Sarada Devi, consort of Thakur Sri Ramakrishna|publisher=Firma KLM|year=1978|page= 15}}</ref>}} '''श्री शारदा देवी''' ({{भाषा-बङ्गाली|সারদা দেবী}}; {{audio|Sarada.ogg|''शारोदा देवी''}}; २२ डिसेम्बर १८५३ – २० जुलाई १९२०), जन्म '''क्षेमङ्करी''' / '''ठाकुरमणि''' / '''सारदामणि मुखोपाध्याय''', उन्नाइसौँ शताब्दीका हिन्दु रहस्यवादी धार्मिक नेता [[रामकृष्ण परमहंस]]की पत्नी तथा आध्यात्मिक सहकर्मी थिइन्। शारदा देवीलाई श्री [[रामकृष्ण मिसन|रामकृष्ण मठिक आदेश]]का अनुयायीहरूले आदरपूर्वक '''पवित्र माता''' (''श्री श्री माँ'') भनेर सम्बोधन गर्छन्। [[दक्षिणेश्वर]]मा अवस्थित श्री सारदा मठ र [[रामकृष्ण मिसन|रामकृष्ण सारदा मिसन]] शारदा देवीका आदर्श र जीवनमा आधारित छ। उनले रामकृष्ण आन्दोलनको विकासमा महत्त्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाएकी थिइन्। शारदा देवीको जन्म [[जयरामबाटी]]मा भएको थियो, जुन गाँउ पछि भारतको पश्चिम बङ्गाल राज्यको [[बाँकुडा जिल्ला]]को अंश बनेको थियो। उनको विवाह सन् १८५९ मा रामकृष्णसँग मात्र पाँच वर्षको उमेरमा भएको थियो भने त्यतिबेला रामकृष्ण २३ वर्षका थिए। तर उनी १८ वर्षकी नभएसम्म आफ्नो परिवारसँगै बसेकी र पछि दक्षिणेश्वर काली मन्दिरमा रामकृष्णसँग बसेकी थिइन्। उनका जीवनीकारहरूका अनुसार, गृहस्थ र मठवासी जीवनशैलीका आदर्शहरू देखाउँदै दुवैले "अविच्छिन्न ब्रह्मचर्य"को जीवन बिताएका थिए रामकृष्णको मृत्यु पछि, शारदा देवी अधिकांश समय या त जयरामबाटीमा वा उद्बोधन कार्यकक्ष, कलकत्तामा बसेकी थिइन्। रामकृष्णका शिष्यहरूले उनलाई आफ्नै आमाको रूपमा सम्बोधन गर्ने गरेका र आफ्ना गुरुको मृत्यु पछि सल्लाह र प्रोत्साहनको लागि उनलाई हेर्ने गरेका थिए। रामकृष्ण आन्दोलनका अनुयायीहरू र विश्वभरका भक्तहरूको एक ठूलो वर्गले शारदा देवीलाई [[महादेवी|आदि पराशक्ति]] वा दिव्य माताको अवतारको रूपमा पूजा गर्ने गर्छन्। == सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू == {{सन्दर्भसूची}} 7o6otaf3cjw4nbcpa2f82btgyi88e37 1365918 1365917 2026-07-14T03:36:14Z हिमाल सुवेदी 30817 /* */ 1365918 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|हिन्दु रहस्यवादी धार्मिक नेताकी श्रीमती (सन् १८५३–१९२०)}} {{for|हिन्दु देवी|सरस्वती}} {{Infobox Hindu leader | name = श्री शारदा देवी | image = Sri Ma Sarada Devi.jpg | religion = [[हिन्दु धर्म]] | caption = शारदा देवी, अन्दाजी सन् १८९० | birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1853|12|22}} | birth_place = [[जयरामबाटी]], [[बङ्गाल प्रेसिडेन्सी]], [[ब्रिटिस राज]] ([[पश्चिम बङ्गाल]], [[भारत]]) | birth_name = क्षेमङ्करी / ठाकुरमणि / शारदामणि मुखोपाध्याय | death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1920|07|20|1853|12|22}} | death_place = [[बागबाजार]], [[बङ्गाल प्रेसिडेन्सी]], [[ब्रिटिस राज]] (पश्चिम बङ्गाल, भारत) | teacher = [[रामकृष्ण परमहंस]] (आध्यात्मिक पति) | honors = श्री श्री माँ | spouse = [[रामकृष्ण परमहंस]] | death_cause = [[कालाजार]] }} {{quote box|width=22em|title=उद्धरण|quote="म दुष्टहरूकी माता हुँ, जसरी म सद्गुणीहरूकी माता हुँ। कहिल्यै डराउनुहोस्। जतसबेला तपाई सङ्कटमा हुनुहुन्छ, आफैलाई भन्नुहोस् 'मेरी आमा छिन्।'"<ref>{{cite book|last=Mookerjee|first=Nanda |title=Sri Sarada Devi, consort of Thakur Sri Ramakrishna|publisher=Firma KLM|year=1978|page= 15}}</ref>}} '''श्री शारदा देवी''' ({{भाषा-बङ्गाली|সারদা দেবী}}; {{audio|Sarada.ogg|''शारोदा देवी''}}; २२ डिसेम्बर १८५३ – २० जुलाई १९२०), जन्म '''क्षेमङ्करी''' / '''ठाकुरमणि''' / '''सारदामणि मुखोपाध्याय''', उन्नाइसौँ शताब्दीका हिन्दु रहस्यवादी धार्मिक नेता [[रामकृष्ण परमहंस]]की पत्नी तथा आध्यात्मिक सहकर्मी थिइन्। शारदा देवीलाई श्री [[रामकृष्ण मिसन|रामकृष्ण मठिक आदेश]]का अनुयायीहरूले आदरपूर्वक '''पवित्र माता''' (''श्री श्री माँ'') भनेर सम्बोधन गर्छन्। [[दक्षिणेश्वर]]मा अवस्थित श्री सारदा मठ र [[रामकृष्ण मिसन|रामकृष्ण सारदा मिसन]] शारदा देवीका आदर्श र जीवनमा आधारित छ। उनले रामकृष्ण आन्दोलनको विकासमा महत्त्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाएकी थिइन्। शारदा देवीको जन्म [[जयरामबाटी]]मा भएको थियो, जुन गाँउ पछि भारतको पश्चिम बङ्गाल राज्यको [[बाँकुडा जिल्ला]]को अंश बनेको थियो। उनको विवाह सन् १८५९ मा रामकृष्णसँग मात्र पाँच वर्षको उमेरमा भएको थियो भने त्यतिबेला रामकृष्ण २३ वर्षका थिए। तर उनी १८ वर्षकी नभएसम्म आफ्नो परिवारसँगै बसेकी र पछि दक्षिणेश्वर काली मन्दिरमा रामकृष्णसँग बसेकी थिइन्। उनका जीवनीकारहरूका अनुसार, गृहस्थ र मठवासी जीवनशैलीका आदर्शहरू देखाउँदै दुवैले "अविच्छिन्न ब्रह्मचर्य"को जीवन बिताएका थिए रामकृष्णको मृत्यु पछि, शारदा देवी अधिकांश समय या त जयरामबाटीमा वा उद्बोधन कार्यकक्ष, कलकत्तामा बसेकी थिइन्। रामकृष्णका शिष्यहरूले उनलाई आफ्नै आमाको रूपमा सम्बोधन गर्ने गरेका र आफ्ना गुरुको मृत्यु पछि सल्लाह र प्रोत्साहनको लागि उनलाई हेर्ने गरेका थिए। रामकृष्ण आन्दोलनका अनुयायीहरू र विश्वभरका भक्तहरूको एक ठूलो वर्गले शारदा देवीलाई [[महादेवी|आदि पराशक्ति]] वा दिव्य माताको अवतारको रूपमा पूजा गर्ने गर्छन्। == प्रभाव र विरासत == [[चित्र:Sri Sri Maa Sarada Devi.jpg|thumb|जयरामबाटीको श्री श्री मातृ मन्दिरमा पूजित शारदा देवी]] शारदा देवीले सामाजिक कार्यमा समर्पित मठवासी आदेश—[[रामकृष्ण मिसन]]—मा रूपान्तरित हुँदै गरेको नवजात सङ्गठनको सल्लाहकार प्रमुखको रूपमा महत्त्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाएकी थिइन्। यसबारेमा गायत्री स्पिभाकले लेख यसप्रकार छ, "शारदा देवीले आफ्नो भूमिका चतुराई र बुद्धिमतापूर्वक निभाइन्, सधैँ पृष्ठभूमिमा रहिन्।" उनले रामकृष्ण आदेशमा धेरै प्रमुख सन्यासीहरूलाई दीक्षा दिइन्। स्वतन्त्रता सेनानी र [[महात्मा गान्धी]]का अनुयायी स्वामी निखिलानन्दले<ref>{{cite book|last=Campbell|first=Joseph |author2=Robin Larsen |author3=Stephen Larsen |author4=Antony Van Couvering |title=Baksheesh and Brahman|publisher=New World Library|year=2002|pages=[https://books.google.com/books?id=VySPqLx1DucC&pg=PA326 326]|isbn=0-06-016889-7}}</ref>शारदा देवीलाई आफ्नो ''गुरु''को रूपमा स्वीकार गरी रामकृष्ण आदेशमा सामेल भएका थिए। उनले अन्ततः न्युयोर्कमा [[रामकृष्ण-विवेकानन्द केन्द्र]]को स्थापना गरेका थिए।<ref>Hixon, p.xiii</ref> आफू अशिक्षित भएतापनि, शारदा देवीले महिलाहरूको शिक्षाको वकालत गरेकि थिइन्। निवेदिताले उनको आशीर्वादले भारतीय महिलाहरूको लागि एउटा विद्यालयको स्थापना गरेकी थिइन्। उनले देवमातालाई आफ्नो सपना—गङ्गाको किनारमा कन्या विद्यालय, जहाँ पूर्वीय र पश्चिमी विद्यार्थीहरूलेसँगै अध्ययन गर्न सकून्—कार्यान्वयन गर्ने जिम्मेवारी सुम्पिएकी थिइन्।<ref name="Levinsky 1984 https://books.google.com/books?id=SXEQCnvzK5AC&pg=PA140 140"/> सन् १९५४ मा, शारदा देवीको सम्मानमा महिलाहरूको लागि मठवासी आदेश श्री शारदा मठ र [[रामकृष्ण मिसन|रामकृष्ण सारदा मिसन]]को स्थापना गरिएको थियो।<ref>{{cite book|last=Laderman|first=Gary|author2=Luis D. León |author3=Amanda Porterfield |title=Religion and American Cultures|publisher=ABC-CLIO|year=2003|pages=[https://books.google.com/books?id=9RYs-Z6AdpQC&pg=PA121 121]|isbn=1-57607-238-X}}</ref> स्वामी विवेकानन्दले [[सिकागो]]मा आयोजित धर्म संसदमा सहभागी हुने आफ्नो मनसायको बारेमा उनको राय लिन उनलाई एउटा पत्र लेखेका थिए। उनीबाट आशीर्वाद प्राप्त गरेपछि मात्र उनले संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका जाने निर्णय गरेका थिए।<ref>''The Divine Call and the Chicago Parliament of Religions'', Swami Vivekananda: "Before proceeding to America, I wrote to Mother (Sri Sarada Devi) to bless me. Her blessings came and at one bound, I cleared the ocean."</ref> == सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू == {{सन्दर्भसूची}} 49f4d6ez3gtwm09wm46mw4dleiek25s 1365919 1365918 2026-07-14T03:37:49Z हिमाल सुवेदी 30817 /* प्रभाव र विरासत */ 1365919 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|हिन्दु रहस्यवादी धार्मिक नेताकी श्रीमती (सन् १८५३–१९२०)}} {{for|हिन्दु देवी|सरस्वती}} {{Infobox Hindu leader | name = श्री शारदा देवी | image = Sri Ma Sarada Devi.jpg | religion = [[हिन्दु धर्म]] | caption = शारदा देवी, अन्दाजी सन् १८९० | birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1853|12|22}} | birth_place = [[जयरामबाटी]], [[बङ्गाल प्रेसिडेन्सी]], [[ब्रिटिस राज]] ([[पश्चिम बङ्गाल]], [[भारत]]) | birth_name = क्षेमङ्करी / ठाकुरमणि / शारदामणि मुखोपाध्याय | death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1920|07|20|1853|12|22}} | death_place = [[बागबाजार]], [[बङ्गाल प्रेसिडेन्सी]], [[ब्रिटिस राज]] (पश्चिम बङ्गाल, भारत) | teacher = [[रामकृष्ण परमहंस]] (आध्यात्मिक पति) | honors = श्री श्री माँ | spouse = [[रामकृष्ण परमहंस]] | death_cause = [[कालाजार]] }} {{quote box|width=22em|title=उद्धरण|quote="म दुष्टहरूकी माता हुँ, जसरी म सद्गुणीहरूकी माता हुँ। कहिल्यै डराउनुहोस्। जतसबेला तपाई सङ्कटमा हुनुहुन्छ, आफैलाई भन्नुहोस् 'मेरी आमा छिन्।'"<ref>{{cite book|last=Mookerjee|first=Nanda |title=Sri Sarada Devi, consort of Thakur Sri Ramakrishna|publisher=Firma KLM|year=1978|page= 15}}</ref>}} '''श्री शारदा देवी''' ({{भाषा-बङ्गाली|সারদা দেবী}}; {{audio|Sarada.ogg|''शारोदा देवी''}}; २२ डिसेम्बर १८५३ – २० जुलाई १९२०), जन्म '''क्षेमङ्करी''' / '''ठाकुरमणि''' / '''सारदामणि मुखोपाध्याय''', उन्नाइसौँ शताब्दीका हिन्दु रहस्यवादी धार्मिक नेता [[रामकृष्ण परमहंस]]की पत्नी तथा आध्यात्मिक सहकर्मी थिइन्। शारदा देवीलाई श्री [[रामकृष्ण मिसन|रामकृष्ण मठिक आदेश]]का अनुयायीहरूले आदरपूर्वक '''पवित्र माता''' (''श्री श्री माँ'') भनेर सम्बोधन गर्छन्। [[दक्षिणेश्वर]]मा अवस्थित श्री सारदा मठ र [[रामकृष्ण मिसन|रामकृष्ण सारदा मिसन]] शारदा देवीका आदर्श र जीवनमा आधारित छ। उनले रामकृष्ण आन्दोलनको विकासमा महत्त्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाएकी थिइन्। शारदा देवीको जन्म [[जयरामबाटी]]मा भएको थियो, जुन गाँउ पछि भारतको पश्चिम बङ्गाल राज्यको [[बाँकुडा जिल्ला]]को अंश बनेको थियो। उनको विवाह सन् १८५९ मा रामकृष्णसँग मात्र पाँच वर्षको उमेरमा भएको थियो भने त्यतिबेला रामकृष्ण २३ वर्षका थिए। तर उनी १८ वर्षकी नभएसम्म आफ्नो परिवारसँगै बसेकी र पछि दक्षिणेश्वर काली मन्दिरमा रामकृष्णसँग बसेकी थिइन्। उनका जीवनीकारहरूका अनुसार, गृहस्थ र मठवासी जीवनशैलीका आदर्शहरू देखाउँदै दुवैले "अविच्छिन्न ब्रह्मचर्य"को जीवन बिताएका थिए रामकृष्णको मृत्यु पछि, शारदा देवी अधिकांश समय या त जयरामबाटीमा वा उद्बोधन कार्यकक्ष, कलकत्तामा बसेकी थिइन्। रामकृष्णका शिष्यहरूले उनलाई आफ्नै आमाको रूपमा सम्बोधन गर्ने गरेका र आफ्ना गुरुको मृत्यु पछि सल्लाह र प्रोत्साहनको लागि उनलाई हेर्ने गरेका थिए। रामकृष्ण आन्दोलनका अनुयायीहरू र विश्वभरका भक्तहरूको एक ठूलो वर्गले शारदा देवीलाई [[महादेवी|आदि पराशक्ति]] वा दिव्य माताको अवतारको रूपमा पूजा गर्ने गर्छन्। == प्रभाव र विरासत == [[चित्र:Sri Sri Maa Sarada Devi.jpg|thumb|जयरामबाटीको श्री श्री मातृ मन्दिरमा पूजित शारदा देवी]] शारदा देवीले सामाजिक कार्यमा समर्पित मठवासी आदेश—[[रामकृष्ण मिसन]]—मा रूपान्तरित हुँदै गरेको नवजात सङ्गठनको सल्लाहकार प्रमुखको रूपमा महत्त्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाएकी थिइन्। यसबारेमा गायत्री स्पिभाकले लेख यसप्रकार छ, "शारदा देवीले आफ्नो भूमिका चतुराई र बुद्धिमतापूर्वक निभाइन्, सधैँ पृष्ठभूमिमा रहिन्।" उनले रामकृष्ण आदेशमा धेरै प्रमुख सन्यासीहरूलाई दीक्षा दिइन्। स्वतन्त्रता सेनानी र [[महात्मा गान्धी]]का अनुयायी स्वामी निखिलानन्दले<ref>{{cite book|last=Campbell|first=Joseph |author2=Robin Larsen |author3=Stephen Larsen |author4=Antony Van Couvering |title=Baksheesh and Brahman|publisher=New World Library|year=2002|pages=[https://books.google.com/books?id=VySPqLx1DucC&pg=PA326 326]|isbn=0-06-016889-7}}</ref>शारदा देवीलाई आफ्नो ''गुरु''को रूपमा स्वीकार गरी रामकृष्ण आदेशमा सामेल भएका थिए। उनले अन्ततः न्युयोर्कमा [[रामकृष्ण-विवेकानन्द केन्द्र]]को स्थापना गरेका थिए।<ref>Hixon, p.xiii</ref> आफू अशिक्षित भएतापनि, शारदा देवीले महिलाहरूको शिक्षाको वकालत गरेकि थिइन्। निवेदिताले उनको आशीर्वादले भारतीय महिलाहरूको लागि एउटा विद्यालयको स्थापना गरेकी थिइन्। उनले देवमातालाई आफ्नो सपना—गङ्गाको किनारमा कन्या विद्यालय, जहाँ पूर्वीय र पश्चिमी विद्यार्थीहरूलेसँगै अध्ययन गर्न सकून्—कार्यान्वयन गर्ने जिम्मेवारी सुम्पिएकी थिइन्।<ref> [https://books.google.com/books?id=SXEQCnvzK5AC&pg=PA140]</ref> सन् १९५४ मा, शारदा देवीको सम्मानमा महिलाहरूको लागि मठवासी आदेश श्री शारदा मठ र [[रामकृष्ण मिसन|रामकृष्ण सारदा मिसन]]को स्थापना गरिएको थियो।<ref>{{cite book|last=Laderman|first=Gary|author2=Luis D. León |author3=Amanda Porterfield |title=Religion and American Cultures|publisher=ABC-CLIO|year=2003|pages=[https://books.google.com/books?id=9RYs-Z6AdpQC&pg=PA121 121]|isbn=1-57607-238-X}}</ref> स्वामी विवेकानन्दले [[सिकागो]]मा आयोजित धर्म संसदमा सहभागी हुने आफ्नो मनसायको बारेमा उनको राय लिन उनलाई एउटा पत्र लेखेका थिए। उनीबाट आशीर्वाद प्राप्त गरेपछि मात्र उनले संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका जाने निर्णय गरेका थिए।<ref>''The Divine Call and the Chicago Parliament of Religions'', Swami Vivekananda: "Before proceeding to America, I wrote to Mother (Sri Sarada Devi) to bless me. Her blessings came and at one bound, I cleared the ocean."</ref> == सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू == {{सन्दर्भसूची}} 9y6xnigadumoiyfsuhqhmqqpunim82z 1 150825 1365920 2026-07-14T03:40:06Z हिमाल सुवेदी 30817 https://fountain.toolforge.org/editathons/wikiwomen-editathon-2026 1365920 wikitext text/x-wiki {{विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०२६}} f8469qlh5cd67dh1x80viazoucrxwve 0 150826 1365921 2026-07-14T03:51:19Z हिमाल सुवेदी 30817 नयाँ पृष्ठ: {{छोटो विवरण|योगको महिला अभ्यासकर्ता}} [[चित्र:Yogini Goddess from Tamil Nadu.jpg|thumb|right|[[स्मिथसोनियन संस्थान]]बाट प्राप्त योगिनी, १०औँ शताब्दी [[चोल]] वंश, [[तमिलनाडु]], [[भारत]]]] {{हिन्दु धर्म}} '''योगिनी''' तन्त्... 1365921 wikitext text/x-wiki {{छोटो विवरण|योगको महिला अभ्यासकर्ता}} [[चित्र:Yogini Goddess from Tamil Nadu.jpg|thumb|right|[[स्मिथसोनियन संस्थान]]बाट प्राप्त योगिनी, १०औँ शताब्दी [[चोल]] वंश, [[तमिलनाडु]], [[भारत]]]] {{हिन्दु धर्म}} '''योगिनी''' [[तन्त्र]] र [[योग]]की महिला विज्ञ अभ्यासकर्ताका साथै [[भारतीय उपमहाद्वीप]], [[दक्षिणपूर्व एसिया]] र [[विशाल तिब्बत]]मा महिला [[हिन्दु धर्म|हिन्दु]] वा [[बौद्ध धर्म|बौद्ध]] आध्यात्मिक गुरुहरूको लागि सम्मानको औपचारिक शब्द पनि हो। यो शब्द पुलिङ्गी ''[[योगी]]'' को स्त्रीलिङ्गी संस्कृत शब्द हो, जबकि "योगिन" शब्द तटस्थ, पुलिङ्गी वा स्त्रीलिङ्गी अर्थमा प्रयोग गरिन्छ।<ref>{{cite dictionary |last=Monier-Williams |first=Monier |title=Monier-Williams Sanskrit Dictionary 1899 List |dictionary=Sanskrit English Dictionary with Etymology |publisher=Oxford University Press |entry=योगिन् (yogin) |url=https://www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/scans/MWScan/2020/web/webtc1/index.php |access-date=9 November 2022}}</ref> केही सन्दर्भहरूमा एक योगिनी [[महादेवी]]को एक पक्षको रूपमा अवतारित पवित्र स्त्रीलिङ्गी शक्ति हुन् र भारतका योगिनी मन्दिरहरूमा पूजिन्छिन्। यी मन्दिरहरूमा प्रायः ६४ योगिनीहरूको समूहको पूजा गरिन्छ र तिनीहरूलाई त्यसै नाम दिइएको हुन्छ तर तिनीहरूमा ४२ वा ८१ योगिनीहरू पनि हुन सक्छन्। ६४ योगिनीहरूको नाम विभिन्न वर्गीकरणमा फरक-फरक हुन्छन्। == किम्बदन्ती == एकपटक [[रक्तबीज]] नामक एउटा राक्षस बस्थ्यो। पुराणहरूमा प्रायः राक्षसहरूलाई चित्रित गरिएझैँ, रक्तबीज निर्दयी र अत्याचारी थियो। उसको अत्याचारको अन्त्य गर्न, देवताहरूले आदि शक्ति, अर्थात् माता [[पार्वती]]को सहायताको लागि प्रार्थना गर्छन्। उनीहरूको प्रार्थनाको जवाफमा, देवीले दुर्गाको उग्र रूप धारण गर्छिन् र एउटा भीषण युद्ध सुरु हुन्छ। रक्तबीज पराजित भएतापनि उसलाई सजिलै नष्ट गर्न भने सकिएन किनभने उसको रगतको प्रत्येक थोपा जमिनमा परेपछि उसको अर्को प्रतिकृति उत्पन्न हुन्थ्यो। यसको सामना गर्न, देवी दुर्गाको दिव्य ऊर्जा ६४ छाया रूपहरूमा प्रकट भयो जसलाई योगिनीहरू भनिन्छ। युद्धको क्रममा, जब जब रक्तबीजको रगत बग्थ्यो, एउटा योगिनीले तुरुन्तै कार्य गर्थिन् र त्यो रगत जमिनमा खस्नुभन्दा पहिले नै चाँडै पिइदिन्थिन्। यस शक्तिशाली रणनीतिमार्फत नै राक्षसको अन्ततः विनाश भयो। उनीहरूको भक्ति र वीरताको पुरस्कारको रूपमा, योगिनीहरूलाई देवी दुर्गाले आफ्नै-आफ्नै एउटा मन्दिर प्रदान गरेर आशीर्वाद दिइन्। यसरी, ६४ योगिनी मन्दिरहरूको परम्परा अस्तित्वमा आयो।<ref name="telegraph_yogini">-11 Bitan Sikdar, "The lonely temple with 64 Yoginis", The Telegraph India, 16 February 2019</ref><ref name="chitralekha_yogini">-10 Dr. Ipsita Pradhan, "Whispers of the Yoginis: A Temple Beyond Time and Taboos", Chitralekha, 28 May 2026</ref> bcio7ct4j0kpzqw0i8ma3erc6tkwokx 1365922 1365921 2026-07-14T03:52:44Z हिमाल सुवेदी 30817 /* */ 1365922 wikitext text/x-wiki {{छोटो विवरण|योगको महिला अभ्यासकर्ता}} [[चित्र:Yogini Goddess from Tamil Nadu.jpg|thumb|right|[[स्मिथसोनियन संस्थान]]बाट प्राप्त योगिनी, १०औँ शताब्दी [[चोल]] वंश, [[तमिलनाडु]], [[भारत]]]] {{हिन्दु धर्म}} '''योगिनी''' [[तन्त्र]] र [[योग]]की महिला विज्ञ अभ्यासकर्ताका साथै [[भारतीय उपमहाद्वीप]], [[दक्षिणपूर्व एसिया]] र [[तिब्बत|विशाल तिब्बत]]मा महिला [[हिन्दु धर्म|हिन्दु]] वा [[बौद्ध धर्म|बौद्ध]] आध्यात्मिक गुरुहरूको लागि सम्मानको औपचारिक शब्द पनि हो। यो शब्द पुलिङ्गी ''[[योगी]]''को स्त्रीलिङ्गी संस्कृत शब्द हो, जबकि "योगिन" शब्द तटस्थ, पुलिङ्गी वा स्त्रीलिङ्गी अर्थमा प्रयोग गरिन्छ।<ref>{{cite dictionary |last=Monier-Williams |first=Monier |title=Monier-Williams Sanskrit Dictionary 1899 List |dictionary=Sanskrit English Dictionary with Etymology |publisher=Oxford University Press |entry=योगिन् (yogin) |url=https://www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/scans/MWScan/2020/web/webtc1/index.php |access-date=9 November 2022}}</ref> केही सन्दर्भहरूमा एक योगिनी [[महादेवी]]को एक पक्षको रूपमा अवतारित पवित्र स्त्रीलिङ्गी शक्ति हुन् र भारतका योगिनी मन्दिरहरूमा पूजिन्छिन्। यी मन्दिरहरूमा प्रायः ६४ योगिनीहरूको समूहको पूजा गरिन्छ र तिनीहरूलाई त्यसै नाम दिइएको हुन्छ तर तिनीहरूमा ४२ वा ८१ योगिनीहरू पनि हुन सक्छन्। ६४ योगिनीहरूको नाम विभिन्न वर्गीकरणमा फरक-फरक हुन्छन्। == किम्बदन्ती == एकपटक [[रक्तबीज]] नामक एउटा राक्षस बस्थ्यो। पुराणहरूमा प्रायः राक्षसहरूलाई चित्रित गरिएझैँ, रक्तबीज निर्दयी र अत्याचारी थियो। उसको अत्याचारको अन्त्य गर्न, देवताहरूले आदि शक्ति, अर्थात् माता [[पार्वती]]को सहायताको लागि प्रार्थना गर्छन्। उनीहरूको प्रार्थनाको जवाफमा, देवीले दुर्गाको उग्र रूप धारण गर्छिन् र एउटा भीषण युद्ध सुरु हुन्छ। रक्तबीज पराजित भएतापनि उसलाई सजिलै नष्ट गर्न भने सकिएन किनभने उसको रगतको प्रत्येक थोपा जमिनमा परेपछि उसको अर्को प्रतिकृति उत्पन्न हुन्थ्यो। यसको सामना गर्न, देवी दुर्गाको दिव्य ऊर्जा ६४ छाया रूपहरूमा प्रकट भयो जसलाई योगिनीहरू भनिन्छ। युद्धको क्रममा, जब जब रक्तबीजको रगत बग्थ्यो, एउटा योगिनीले तुरुन्तै कार्य गर्थिन् र त्यो रगत जमिनमा खस्नुभन्दा पहिले नै चाँडै पिइदिन्थिन्। यस शक्तिशाली रणनीतिमार्फत नै राक्षसको अन्ततः विनाश भयो। उनीहरूको भक्ति र वीरताको पुरस्कारको रूपमा, योगिनीहरूलाई देवी दुर्गाले आफ्नै-आफ्नै एउटा मन्दिर प्रदान गरेर आशीर्वाद दिइन्। यसरी, ६४ योगिनी मन्दिरहरूको परम्परा अस्तित्वमा आयो।<ref name="telegraph_yogini">-11 Bitan Sikdar, "The lonely temple with 64 Yoginis", The Telegraph India, 16 February 2019</ref><ref name="chitralekha_yogini">-10 Dr. Ipsita Pradhan, "Whispers of the Yoginis: A Temple Beyond Time and Taboos", Chitralekha, 28 May 2026</ref> loh01s3m6unn4poygxlny8d182r9qpr 1365923 1365922 2026-07-14T03:53:18Z हिमाल सुवेदी 30817 1365923 wikitext text/x-wiki {{छोटो विवरण|योगको महिला अभ्यासकर्ता}} [[चित्र:Yogini Goddess from Tamil Nadu.jpg|thumb|right|[[स्मिथसोनियन संस्थान]]बाट प्राप्त योगिनी, १०औँ शताब्दी [[चोल]] वंश, [[तमिलनाडु]], [[भारत]]]] {{हिन्दु धर्म}} '''योगिनी''' [[तन्त्र]] र [[योग]]की महिला विज्ञ अभ्यासकर्ताका साथै [[भारतीय उपमहाद्वीप]], [[दक्षिणपूर्व एसिया]] र [[तिब्बत|विशाल तिब्बत]]मा महिला [[हिन्दु धर्म|हिन्दु]] वा [[बौद्ध धर्म|बौद्ध]] आध्यात्मिक गुरुहरूको लागि सम्मानको औपचारिक शब्द पनि हो। यो शब्द पुलिङ्गी ''[[योगी]]''को स्त्रीलिङ्गी संस्कृत शब्द हो, जबकि "योगिन" शब्द तटस्थ, पुलिङ्गी वा स्त्रीलिङ्गी अर्थमा प्रयोग गरिन्छ।<ref>{{cite dictionary |last=Monier-Williams |first=Monier |title=Monier-Williams Sanskrit Dictionary 1899 List |dictionary=Sanskrit English Dictionary with Etymology |publisher=Oxford University Press |entry=योगिन् (yogin) |url=https://www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/scans/MWScan/2020/web/webtc1/index.php |access-date=9 November 2022}}</ref> केही सन्दर्भहरूमा एक योगिनी [[महादेवी]]को एक पक्षको रूपमा अवतारित पवित्र स्त्रीलिङ्गी शक्ति हुन् र भारतका योगिनी मन्दिरहरूमा पूजिन्छिन्। यी मन्दिरहरूमा प्रायः ६४ योगिनीहरूको समूहको पूजा गरिन्छ र तिनीहरूलाई त्यसै नाम दिइएको हुन्छ तर तिनीहरूमा ४२ वा ८१ योगिनीहरू पनि हुन सक्छन्। ६४ योगिनीहरूको नाम विभिन्न वर्गीकरणमा फरक-फरक हुन्छन्। == किम्बदन्ती == एकपटक [[रक्तबीज]] नामक एउटा राक्षस बस्थ्यो। पुराणहरूमा प्रायः राक्षसहरूलाई चित्रित गरिएझैँ, रक्तबीज निर्दयी र अत्याचारी थियो। उसको अत्याचारको अन्त्य गर्न, देवताहरूले आदि शक्ति, अर्थात् माता [[पार्वती]]को सहायताको लागि प्रार्थना गर्छन्। उनीहरूको प्रार्थनाको जवाफमा, देवीले दुर्गाको उग्र रूप धारण गर्छिन् र एउटा भीषण युद्ध सुरु हुन्छ। रक्तबीज पराजित भएतापनि उसलाई सजिलै नष्ट गर्न भने सकिएन किनभने उसको रगतको प्रत्येक थोपा जमिनमा परेपछि उसको अर्को प्रतिकृति उत्पन्न हुन्थ्यो। यसको सामना गर्न, देवी दुर्गाको दिव्य ऊर्जा ६४ छाया रूपहरूमा प्रकट भयो जसलाई योगिनीहरू भनिन्छ। युद्धको क्रममा, जब जब रक्तबीजको रगत बग्थ्यो, एउटा योगिनीले तुरुन्तै कार्य गर्थिन् र त्यो रगत जमिनमा खस्नुभन्दा पहिले नै चाँडै पिइदिन्थिन्। यस शक्तिशाली रणनीतिमार्फत नै राक्षसको अन्ततः विनाश भयो। उनीहरूको भक्ति र वीरताको पुरस्कारको रूपमा, योगिनीहरूलाई देवी दुर्गाले आफ्नै-आफ्नै एउटा मन्दिर प्रदान गरेर आशीर्वाद दिइन्। यसरी, ६४ योगिनी मन्दिरहरूको परम्परा अस्तित्वमा आयो।<ref name="telegraph_yogini">-11 Bitan Sikdar, "The lonely temple with 64 Yoginis", The Telegraph India, 16 February 2019</ref><ref name="chitralekha_yogini">-10 Dr. Ipsita Pradhan, "Whispers of the Yoginis: A Temple Beyond Time and Taboos", Chitralekha, 28 May 2026</ref> == सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू == {{सन्दर्भसूची}} 0zdktye7e1as7rd76c76gszmherpgho 1365924 1365923 2026-07-14T03:53:30Z हिमाल सुवेदी 30817 1365924 wikitext text/x-wiki {{छोटो विवरण|योगको महिला अभ्यासकर्ता}} [[चित्र:Yogini Goddess from Tamil Nadu.jpg|thumb|right|[[स्मिथसोनियन संस्थान]]बाट प्राप्त योगिनी, १०औँ शताब्दी [[चोल]] वंश, [[तमिलनाडु]], [[भारत]]]] {{हिन्दु धर्म}} '''योगिनी''' [[तन्त्र]] र [[योग]]की महिला विज्ञ अभ्यासकर्ताका साथै [[भारतीय उपमहाद्वीप]], [[दक्षिणपूर्व एसिया]] र [[तिब्बत|विशाल तिब्बत]]मा महिला [[हिन्दु धर्म|हिन्दु]] वा [[बौद्ध धर्म|बौद्ध]] आध्यात्मिक गुरुहरूको लागि सम्मानको औपचारिक शब्द पनि हो। यो शब्द पुलिङ्गी ''[[योगी]]''को स्त्रीलिङ्गी संस्कृत शब्द हो, जबकि "योगिन" शब्द तटस्थ, पुलिङ्गी वा स्त्रीलिङ्गी अर्थमा प्रयोग गरिन्छ।<ref>{{cite dictionary |last=Monier-Williams |first=Monier |title=Monier-Williams Sanskrit Dictionary 1899 List |dictionary=Sanskrit English Dictionary with Etymology |publisher=Oxford University Press |entry=योगिन् (yogin) |url=https://www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/scans/MWScan/2020/web/webtc1/index.php |access-date=9 November 2022}}</ref> केही सन्दर्भहरूमा एक योगिनी [[महादेवी]]को एक पक्षको रूपमा अवतारित पवित्र स्त्रीलिङ्गी शक्ति हुन् र भारतका योगिनी मन्दिरहरूमा पूजिन्छिन्। यी मन्दिरहरूमा प्रायः ६४ योगिनीहरूको समूहको पूजा गरिन्छ र तिनीहरूलाई त्यसै नाम दिइएको हुन्छ तर तिनीहरूमा ४२ वा ८१ योगिनीहरू पनि हुन सक्छन्। ६४ योगिनीहरूको नाम विभिन्न वर्गीकरणमा फरक-फरक हुन्छन्। == किंवदन्ती == एकपटक [[रक्तबीज]] नामक एउटा राक्षस बस्थ्यो। पुराणहरूमा प्रायः राक्षसहरूलाई चित्रित गरिएझैँ, रक्तबीज निर्दयी र अत्याचारी थियो। उसको अत्याचारको अन्त्य गर्न, देवताहरूले आदि शक्ति, अर्थात् माता [[पार्वती]]को सहायताको लागि प्रार्थना गर्छन्। उनीहरूको प्रार्थनाको जवाफमा, देवीले दुर्गाको उग्र रूप धारण गर्छिन् र एउटा भीषण युद्ध सुरु हुन्छ। रक्तबीज पराजित भएतापनि उसलाई सजिलै नष्ट गर्न भने सकिएन किनभने उसको रगतको प्रत्येक थोपा जमिनमा परेपछि उसको अर्को प्रतिकृति उत्पन्न हुन्थ्यो। यसको सामना गर्न, देवी दुर्गाको दिव्य ऊर्जा ६४ छाया रूपहरूमा प्रकट भयो जसलाई योगिनीहरू भनिन्छ। युद्धको क्रममा, जब जब रक्तबीजको रगत बग्थ्यो, एउटा योगिनीले तुरुन्तै कार्य गर्थिन् र त्यो रगत जमिनमा खस्नुभन्दा पहिले नै चाँडै पिइदिन्थिन्। यस शक्तिशाली रणनीतिमार्फत नै राक्षसको अन्ततः विनाश भयो। उनीहरूको भक्ति र वीरताको पुरस्कारको रूपमा, योगिनीहरूलाई देवी दुर्गाले आफ्नै-आफ्नै एउटा मन्दिर प्रदान गरेर आशीर्वाद दिइन्। यसरी, ६४ योगिनी मन्दिरहरूको परम्परा अस्तित्वमा आयो।<ref name="telegraph_yogini">-11 Bitan Sikdar, "The lonely temple with 64 Yoginis", The Telegraph India, 16 February 2019</ref><ref name="chitralekha_yogini">-10 Dr. Ipsita Pradhan, "Whispers of the Yoginis: A Temple Beyond Time and Taboos", Chitralekha, 28 May 2026</ref> == सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू == {{सन्दर्भसूची}} 3cehux96pv0f6uh3eee72ga3mnd3bzc 1365925 1365924 2026-07-14T03:53:47Z हिमाल सुवेदी 30817 [[विकिपिडिया:हटक्याट|हटक्याट]]द्वारा [[श्रेणी:हिन्दु धर्म]] जोडियो 1365925 wikitext text/x-wiki {{छोटो विवरण|योगको महिला अभ्यासकर्ता}} [[चित्र:Yogini Goddess from Tamil Nadu.jpg|thumb|right|[[स्मिथसोनियन संस्थान]]बाट प्राप्त योगिनी, १०औँ शताब्दी [[चोल]] वंश, [[तमिलनाडु]], [[भारत]]]] {{हिन्दु धर्म}} '''योगिनी''' [[तन्त्र]] र [[योग]]की महिला विज्ञ अभ्यासकर्ताका साथै [[भारतीय उपमहाद्वीप]], [[दक्षिणपूर्व एसिया]] र [[तिब्बत|विशाल तिब्बत]]मा महिला [[हिन्दु धर्म|हिन्दु]] वा [[बौद्ध धर्म|बौद्ध]] आध्यात्मिक गुरुहरूको लागि सम्मानको औपचारिक शब्द पनि हो। यो शब्द पुलिङ्गी ''[[योगी]]''को स्त्रीलिङ्गी संस्कृत शब्द हो, जबकि "योगिन" शब्द तटस्थ, पुलिङ्गी वा स्त्रीलिङ्गी अर्थमा प्रयोग गरिन्छ।<ref>{{cite dictionary |last=Monier-Williams |first=Monier |title=Monier-Williams Sanskrit Dictionary 1899 List |dictionary=Sanskrit English Dictionary with Etymology |publisher=Oxford University Press |entry=योगिन् (yogin) |url=https://www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/scans/MWScan/2020/web/webtc1/index.php |access-date=9 November 2022}}</ref> केही सन्दर्भहरूमा एक योगिनी [[महादेवी]]को एक पक्षको रूपमा अवतारित पवित्र स्त्रीलिङ्गी शक्ति हुन् र भारतका योगिनी मन्दिरहरूमा पूजिन्छिन्। यी मन्दिरहरूमा प्रायः ६४ योगिनीहरूको समूहको पूजा गरिन्छ र तिनीहरूलाई त्यसै नाम दिइएको हुन्छ तर तिनीहरूमा ४२ वा ८१ योगिनीहरू पनि हुन सक्छन्। ६४ योगिनीहरूको नाम विभिन्न वर्गीकरणमा फरक-फरक हुन्छन्। == किंवदन्ती == एकपटक [[रक्तबीज]] नामक एउटा राक्षस बस्थ्यो। पुराणहरूमा प्रायः राक्षसहरूलाई चित्रित गरिएझैँ, रक्तबीज निर्दयी र अत्याचारी थियो। उसको अत्याचारको अन्त्य गर्न, देवताहरूले आदि शक्ति, अर्थात् माता [[पार्वती]]को सहायताको लागि प्रार्थना गर्छन्। उनीहरूको प्रार्थनाको जवाफमा, देवीले दुर्गाको उग्र रूप धारण गर्छिन् र एउटा भीषण युद्ध सुरु हुन्छ। रक्तबीज पराजित भएतापनि उसलाई सजिलै नष्ट गर्न भने सकिएन किनभने उसको रगतको प्रत्येक थोपा जमिनमा परेपछि उसको अर्को प्रतिकृति उत्पन्न हुन्थ्यो। यसको सामना गर्न, देवी दुर्गाको दिव्य ऊर्जा ६४ छाया रूपहरूमा प्रकट भयो जसलाई योगिनीहरू भनिन्छ। युद्धको क्रममा, जब जब रक्तबीजको रगत बग्थ्यो, एउटा योगिनीले तुरुन्तै कार्य गर्थिन् र त्यो रगत जमिनमा खस्नुभन्दा पहिले नै चाँडै पिइदिन्थिन्। यस शक्तिशाली रणनीतिमार्फत नै राक्षसको अन्ततः विनाश भयो। उनीहरूको भक्ति र वीरताको पुरस्कारको रूपमा, योगिनीहरूलाई देवी दुर्गाले आफ्नै-आफ्नै एउटा मन्दिर प्रदान गरेर आशीर्वाद दिइन्। यसरी, ६४ योगिनी मन्दिरहरूको परम्परा अस्तित्वमा आयो।<ref name="telegraph_yogini">-11 Bitan Sikdar, "The lonely temple with 64 Yoginis", The Telegraph India, 16 February 2019</ref><ref name="chitralekha_yogini">-10 Dr. Ipsita Pradhan, "Whispers of the Yoginis: A Temple Beyond Time and Taboos", Chitralekha, 28 May 2026</ref> == सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू == {{सन्दर्भसूची}} [[श्रेणी:हिन्दु धर्म]] 9o7f9rft4ij4cxaj3gfohxs0d29ho9l 1365926 1365925 2026-07-14T03:54:24Z हिमाल सुवेदी 30817 1365926 wikitext text/x-wiki {{छोटो विवरण|योगको महिला अभ्यासकर्ता}} [[चित्र:Yogini Goddess from Tamil Nadu.jpg|thumb|right|[[स्मिथसोनियन संस्थान]]बाट प्राप्त योगिनी, १०औँ शताब्दी [[चोल]] वंश, [[तमिलनाडु]], [[भारत]]]] {{हिन्दु धर्म}} '''योगिनी''' [[तन्त्र]] र [[योग]]की महिला विज्ञ अभ्यासकर्ताका साथै [[भारतीय उपमहाद्वीप]], [[दक्षिणपूर्व एसिया]] र [[तिब्बत|विशाल तिब्बत]]मा महिला [[हिन्दु धर्म|हिन्दु]] वा [[बौद्ध धर्म|बौद्ध]] आध्यात्मिक गुरुहरूको लागि सम्मानको औपचारिक शब्द पनि हो। यो शब्द पुलिङ्गी ''[[योगी]]''को स्त्रीलिङ्गी संस्कृत शब्द हो, जबकि "योगिन" शब्द तटस्थ, पुलिङ्गी वा स्त्रीलिङ्गी अर्थमा प्रयोग गरिन्छ।<ref>{{cite dictionary |last=Monier-Williams |first=Monier |title=Monier-Williams Sanskrit Dictionary 1899 List |dictionary=Sanskrit English Dictionary with Etymology |publisher=Oxford University Press |entry=योगिन् (yogin) |url=https://www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/scans/MWScan/2020/web/webtc1/index.php |access-date=9 November 2022}}</ref> केही सन्दर्भहरूमा एक योगिनी [[महादेवी]]को एक पक्षको रूपमा अवतारित पवित्र स्त्रीलिङ्गी शक्ति हुन् र भारतका योगिनी मन्दिरहरूमा पूजिन्छिन्। यी मन्दिरहरूमा प्रायः ६४ योगिनीहरूको समूहको पूजा गरिन्छ र तिनीहरूलाई त्यसै नाम दिइएको हुन्छ तर तिनीहरूमा ४२ वा ८१ योगिनीहरू पनि हुन सक्छन्। ६४ योगिनीहरूको नाम विभिन्न वर्गीकरणमा फरक-फरक हुन्छन्। == किंवदन्ती == एकपटक [[रक्तबीज]] नामक एउटा राक्षस बस्थ्यो। पुराणहरूमा प्रायः राक्षसहरूलाई चित्रित गरिएझैँ, रक्तबीज निर्दयी र अत्याचारी थियो। उसको अत्याचारको अन्त्य गर्न, देवताहरूले आदि शक्ति, अर्थात् माता [[पार्वती]]को सहायताको लागि प्रार्थना गर्छन्। उनीहरूको प्रार्थनाको जवाफमा, देवीले दुर्गाको उग्र रूप धारण गर्छिन् र एउटा भीषण युद्ध सुरु हुन्छ। रक्तबीज पराजित भएतापनि उसलाई सजिलै नष्ट गर्न भने सकिएन किनभने उसको रगतको प्रत्येक थोपा जमिनमा परेपछि उसको अर्को प्रतिकृति उत्पन्न हुन्थ्यो। यसको सामना गर्न, देवी दुर्गाको दिव्य ऊर्जा ६४ छाया रूपहरूमा प्रकट भयो जसलाई योगिनीहरू भनिन्छ। युद्धको क्रममा, जब जब रक्तबीजको रगत बग्थ्यो, एउटा योगिनीले तुरुन्तै कार्य गर्थिन् र त्यो रगत जमिनमा खस्नुभन्दा पहिले नै चाँडै पिइदिन्थिन्। यस शक्तिशाली रणनीतिमार्फत नै राक्षसको अन्ततः विनाश भयो। उनीहरूको भक्ति र वीरताको पुरस्कारको रूपमा, योगिनीहरूलाई देवी दुर्गाले आफ्नै-आफ्नै एउटा मन्दिर प्रदान गरेर आशीर्वाद दिइन्। यसरी, ६४ योगिनी मन्दिरहरूको परम्परा अस्तित्वमा आयो।<ref name="telegraph_yogini">-11 Bitan Sikdar, "The lonely temple with 64 Yoginis", The Telegraph India, 16 February 2019</ref><ref name="chitralekha_yogini">-10 Dr. Ipsita Pradhan, "Whispers of the Yoginis: A Temple Beyond Time and Taboos", Chitralekha, 28 May 2026</ref> == ६४ योगिनीहरू == == सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू == {{सन्दर्भसूची}} [[श्रेणी:हिन्दु धर्म]] phko2iw29ryl52evxr9q5wyiewwr38e 1365927 1365926 2026-07-14T04:06:23Z हिमाल सुवेदी 30817 /* ६४ योगिनीहरू */ 1365927 wikitext text/x-wiki {{छोटो विवरण|योगको महिला अभ्यासकर्ता}} [[चित्र:Yogini Goddess from Tamil Nadu.jpg|thumb|right|[[स्मिथसोनियन संस्थान]]बाट प्राप्त योगिनी, १०औँ शताब्दी [[चोल]] वंश, [[तमिलनाडु]], [[भारत]]]] {{हिन्दु धर्म}} '''योगिनी''' [[तन्त्र]] र [[योग]]की महिला विज्ञ अभ्यासकर्ताका साथै [[भारतीय उपमहाद्वीप]], [[दक्षिणपूर्व एसिया]] र [[तिब्बत|विशाल तिब्बत]]मा महिला [[हिन्दु धर्म|हिन्दु]] वा [[बौद्ध धर्म|बौद्ध]] आध्यात्मिक गुरुहरूको लागि सम्मानको औपचारिक शब्द पनि हो। यो शब्द पुलिङ्गी ''[[योगी]]''को स्त्रीलिङ्गी संस्कृत शब्द हो, जबकि "योगिन" शब्द तटस्थ, पुलिङ्गी वा स्त्रीलिङ्गी अर्थमा प्रयोग गरिन्छ।<ref>{{cite dictionary |last=Monier-Williams |first=Monier |title=Monier-Williams Sanskrit Dictionary 1899 List |dictionary=Sanskrit English Dictionary with Etymology |publisher=Oxford University Press |entry=योगिन् (yogin) |url=https://www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/scans/MWScan/2020/web/webtc1/index.php |access-date=9 November 2022}}</ref> केही सन्दर्भहरूमा एक योगिनी [[महादेवी]]को एक पक्षको रूपमा अवतारित पवित्र स्त्रीलिङ्गी शक्ति हुन् र भारतका योगिनी मन्दिरहरूमा पूजिन्छिन्। यी मन्दिरहरूमा प्रायः ६४ योगिनीहरूको समूहको पूजा गरिन्छ र तिनीहरूलाई त्यसै नाम दिइएको हुन्छ तर तिनीहरूमा ४२ वा ८१ योगिनीहरू पनि हुन सक्छन्। ६४ योगिनीहरूको नाम विभिन्न वर्गीकरणमा फरक-फरक हुन्छन्। == किंवदन्ती == एकपटक [[रक्तबीज]] नामक एउटा राक्षस बस्थ्यो। पुराणहरूमा प्रायः राक्षसहरूलाई चित्रित गरिएझैँ, रक्तबीज निर्दयी र अत्याचारी थियो। उसको अत्याचारको अन्त्य गर्न, देवताहरूले आदि शक्ति, अर्थात् माता [[पार्वती]]को सहायताको लागि प्रार्थना गर्छन्। उनीहरूको प्रार्थनाको जवाफमा, देवीले दुर्गाको उग्र रूप धारण गर्छिन् र एउटा भीषण युद्ध सुरु हुन्छ। रक्तबीज पराजित भएतापनि उसलाई सजिलै नष्ट गर्न भने सकिएन किनभने उसको रगतको प्रत्येक थोपा जमिनमा परेपछि उसको अर्को प्रतिकृति उत्पन्न हुन्थ्यो। यसको सामना गर्न, देवी दुर्गाको दिव्य ऊर्जा ६४ छाया रूपहरूमा प्रकट भयो जसलाई योगिनीहरू भनिन्छ। युद्धको क्रममा, जब जब रक्तबीजको रगत बग्थ्यो, एउटा योगिनीले तुरुन्तै कार्य गर्थिन् र त्यो रगत जमिनमा खस्नुभन्दा पहिले नै चाँडै पिइदिन्थिन्। यस शक्तिशाली रणनीतिमार्फत नै राक्षसको अन्ततः विनाश भयो। उनीहरूको भक्ति र वीरताको पुरस्कारको रूपमा, योगिनीहरूलाई देवी दुर्गाले आफ्नै-आफ्नै एउटा मन्दिर प्रदान गरेर आशीर्वाद दिइन्। यसरी, ६४ योगिनी मन्दिरहरूको परम्परा अस्तित्वमा आयो।<ref name="telegraph_yogini">-11 Bitan Sikdar, "The lonely temple with 64 Yoginis", The Telegraph India, 16 February 2019</ref><ref name="chitralekha_yogini">-10 Dr. Ipsita Pradhan, "Whispers of the Yoginis: A Temple Beyond Time and Taboos", Chitralekha, 28 May 2026</ref> == ६४ योगिनीहरू == === विशेषताहरू === लगभग १०औँ शताब्दीदेखि, योगिनीहरूलाई समूहमा देख्न सकिन्छ भने उनीहरू प्रायः ६४ को समूहमा हुन्छन्। उनीहरू देवीहरूको रूपमा देखिन्छन् तर [[तन्त्र]]का मानव महिला विज्ञहरूले यिनीहरू देवताहरूको अनुकरण गर्न र देवताहरू जस्तै मूर्त रूप लिन सक्ने भएकाले यिनीहरू नश्वर महिलाको रूपमा देखा पर्छन् जसले मानव र दिव्य बीचको अस्पष्ट र धमिलो सीमा सिर्जना गर्दछ।{{sfn|Hatley|2007|pp=12-13}} योगिनीहरू, दिव्य वा मानव कुलहरूसँग सम्बन्धित छन् जसमध्ये [[शैव सम्प्रदाय|शैव]]मा, सबैभन्दा महत्त्वपूर्ण ८ माताहरूका (मात्रि वा [[मातृका]]हरू) कुलहरू हुन्। योगिनीहरूलाई प्रायः जनावरहरूको रूप भएका र मूर्तिकलामा जनावरको टाउको भएको महिला आकृतिको रूपमा चित्रण गरिन्छ। योगिनीहरू वास्तविक आकार परिवर्तन स्त्री पशु र अन्य मानिसहरूलाई रूपान्तरण गर्ने क्षमतासँग सम्बन्धित छन्।{{sfn|Hatley|2007|pp=13-14}} योगिनीहरू [[काल भैरव|भैरव]]सँग जोडिएका हुन्छन् र प्रायः खोपडीहरू र अन्य तान्त्रिक प्रतीकहरू बोकी श्मशान भूमि र अन्य सीमान्त स्थानहरूमा अभ्यास गर्ने गर्छन्। योगिनीहरू शक्तिशाली र खतरनाक हुन्छन् पनि भनिन्छ। यिनीहरूले गूढ तान्त्रिक ज्ञानको रक्षा र प्रसार दुवै गर्छन्। योगिनीहरूसँग असाधारण शक्तिहरू छन् जसमा उडानको शक्ति पनि पर्दछ;{{sfn|Hatley|2007|pp=16-17}} धेरै योगिनीहरूको चराको रूप हुन्छ वा चरालाई आफ्नो [[वाहन]]को रूपमा प्रयोग गर्छन्।{{sfn|Hatley|2007|p=14}} पछिल्लो तान्त्रिक बौद्ध धर्ममा, [[डाकिनी]]लाई उड्न सक्ने महिला आत्मा, प्रायः योगिनीको पर्यायवाची रूपमा प्रयोग गरिन्छ।{{sfn|Hatley|2007|p=59}} विद्वान शमन ह्याट्ली लेखे अनुसार, आदर्श योगिनी "स्वायत्त आकाश-यात्री हुन् र यो शक्ति असाधारण शक्ति भएको खोजी अभ्यासकर्ताको लागि अन्तिम उपलब्धि" हो।{{sfn|Hatley|2007|p=17}} २०औँ शताब्दीको उत्तरार्धसम्म, विद्वान [[विद्या देहेजिया]]का अनुसार, योगिनीहरूले भारतमा "सामान्य" मानिसहरूमाझ "गहिरो डर र विस्मय" को भावना जगाउँथे। उनी टिप्पणी गर्छिन्, यस्तो डर प्राचीन हुन सक्छ, किनभने ''ब्रह्माण्ड पुराण'' र ''ज्ञानार्णव तन्त्र'' दुवैले गैर-दीक्षितहरूलाई गुप्त ज्ञान प्रसारण गर्नु योगिनीहरूको श्राप लाग्ने चेतावनी दिन्छन्।{{sfn|Dehejia|1986|pp=ix–x}}<ref name="wiki_yogini_characteristics">Yogini - Wikipedia, "64 yoginis" section</ref> ===मातृकाहरूसँगको सम्बन्ध=== संस्कृत साहित्यमा, योगिनीहरूलाई राक्षसहरू [[शुम्भ र निशुम्भ]]सँग लडाइँमा संलग्न [[दुर्गा]]को परिचारिका वा अभिव्यक्तिको रूपमा चित्रण गरिएको छ र प्रमुख योगिनीहरूलाई [[मातृका]]हरूसँग पहिचान गरिएको छ।{{sfn|Bhattacharyya|1996|p=128}} अन्य योगिनीहरूलाई एक वा धेरै मातृकाहरूबाट जन्मिएको वर्णन गरिएको छ। ८ मातृकाहरूबाट ६४ योगिनीहरूको व्युत्पत्ति एक परम्परा बन्यो। ११औंँ शताब्दीको मध्यसम्म, योगिनी र मातृकाहरू बीचको सम्बन्ध सामान्य ज्ञान बनिसकेको थियो। योगिनीहरूको [[मण्डल]] (वृत्त) र [[चक्र]] वैकल्पिक रूपमा प्रयोग गरिन्थ्यो। ८१ योगिनीहरू ९ मातृकाहरूको समूहबाट विकसित हुन्छन्। ७ माताहरू वा सप्तमातृका (ब्राह्मी, माहेश्वरी, कौमारी, वैष्णवी, वाराही, इन्द्राणी (ऐन्द्री) र चामुण्डा), [[चण्डी]] र महालक्ष्मीसँग मिलेर नौ-मातृका समूह बनाउँछन्। प्रत्येक मातृकालाई योगिनी मानिन्छ र ८ अन्य योगिनीहरूसँग सम्बद्ध छ, जसको परिणाम ८१ (९ गुणा ९) को समूह हुन्छ।{{sfn|Wangu|2003|p=114}} केही परम्पराहरूमा मात्र ७ मातृकाहरू छन् र यसरी कम योगिनीहरू हुन्छन्। == सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू == {{सन्दर्भसूची}} [[श्रेणी:हिन्दु धर्म]] 5ezpz4xxzixip8ezlad08uysb1rc3c5 1 150827 1365928 2026-07-14T04:08:03Z हिमाल सुवेदी 30817 https://fountain.toolforge.org/editathons/wikiwomen-editathon-2026 1365928 wikitext text/x-wiki {{विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०२६}} f8469qlh5cd67dh1x80viazoucrxwve 0 150829 1365968 2026-07-14T06:19:54Z Saroj 31493 नयाँ लेख 1365968 wikitext text/x-wiki [[गर्भावस्था]]मा सुर्तीजन्य धुम्रपानले सुर्तीका सामान्य स्वास्थ्य प्रभावहरूका अतिरिक्त स्वास्थ्य र प्रजननमा पनि धेरै हानिकारक प्रभावहरू पार्छ। धेरै अध्ययनहरूले सुर्तीजन्य पदार्थको प्रयोग गर्भवती धुम्रपान गर्ने महिलाहरूमा [[बाँझोपन]]<ref name="Peng">{{cite journal |last1=Peng |first1=L |last2=Luo |first2=X |last3=Cao |first3=B |last4=Wang |first4=X |title=Unraveling the link: environmental tobacco smoke exposure and its impact on infertility among American women (18-50 years). |journal=Frontiers in Public Health |date=2024 |volume=12 |article-number=1358290 |doi=10.3389/fpubh.2024.1358290 |doi-access=free |pmid=38525328 |pmc=10957781 |bibcode=2024FrPH...1258290P }}</ref><ref name="Ward">{{cite journal |last1=Ward |first1=G |last2=Correia Watts |first2=MP |last3=Hansson |first3=SR |title=The unintended consequences of modernity: Pollution and its effect on reproductive, maternal and fetal health. |journal=Pregnancy Hypertension |date=June 2025 |volume=40 |article-number=101204 |doi=10.1016/j.preghy.2025.101204 |pmid=40015200}}</ref> र [[गर्भपतन]]को एक महत्त्वपूर्ण कारण भएको तथा यसले [[भ्रूण]]को स्वास्थ्यमा अन्य धेरै जोखिमहरू पनि बढाउने देखाएका छन्।<ref name=pmid33771100>{{cite journal | vauthors = Avşar TS, McLeod H, Jackson L | title = Health outcomes of smoking during pregnancy and the postpartum period: an umbrella review | journal = BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth | volume = 21 | issue = 1 | article-number = 254 | date = March 2021 | pmid = 33771100 | pmc = 7995767 | doi = 10.1186/s12884-021-03729-1 | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref name=pmid9929522>{{cite journal | vauthors = Ness RB, Grisso JA, Hirschinger N, Markovic N, Shaw LM, Day NL, Kline J | title = Cocaine and tobacco use and the risk of spontaneous abortion | journal = The New England Journal of Medicine | volume = 340 | issue = 5 | pages = 333–339 | date = February 1999 | pmid = 9929522 | doi = 10.1056/NEJM199902043400501 | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref name=pmid11978283>{{cite journal | vauthors = Oncken C, Kranzler H, O'Malley P, Gendreau P, Campbell WA | title = The effect of cigarette smoking on fetal heart rate characteristics | journal = Obstetrics and Gynecology | volume = 99 | issue = 5 Pt 1 | pages = 751–755 | date = May 2002 | pmid = 11978283 | doi = 10.1016/S0029-7844(02)01948-8 | s2cid = 38760373 }}</ref> सम्बन्धित जोखिमहरूका कारण मानिसहरूलाई गर्भधारणअघि, गर्भावस्थामा तथा [[प्रसूति]] पछि धुम्रपान नगर्न सल्लाह दिइन्छ। यद्यपि, यदि त्यसो गर्न सम्भव नभएमा, दैनिक सेवन गरिने चुरोटको सङ्ख्या घटाउँदा आमा र शिशु दुवैका लागि हुने जोखिम कम गर्न सकिन्छ। यो विशेषगरी विकासोन्मुख देशहरूमा लागू हुन्छ, जहाँ स्तनपान शिशुको समग्र पोषण अवस्थाका लागि अत्यावश्यक हुन्छ।<ref name="najdawi">{{cite journal | vauthors = Najdawi F, Faouri M | title = Maternal smoking and breastfeeding | journal = Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal | volume = 5 | issue = 3 | pages = 450–456 | date = May 1999 | pmid = 10793823 | doi = 10.26719/1999.5.3.450 | s2cid = 30513271 | doi-access = free }}</ref> ==गर्भधारणअघि धुम्रपान== गर्भवती महिलाहरू वा गर्भधारण गर्ने योजना बनाइरहेका महिलाहरूलाई धुम्रपान त्याग्न सल्लाह दिइन्छ।<ref name=McDonough2015>{{cite journal | vauthors = McDonough M | title = Update on medicines for smoking cessation | journal = Australian Prescriber | volume = 38 | issue = 4 | pages = 106–111 | date = August 2015 | pmid = 26648633 | pmc = 4653977 | doi = 10.18773/austprescr.2015.038 }}</ref><ref name=":0">{{cite journal | vauthors = Castles A, Adams EK, Melvin CL, Kelsch C, Boulton ML | title = Effects of smoking during pregnancy. Five meta-analyses | journal = American Journal of Preventive Medicine | volume = 16 | issue = 3 | pages = 208–215 | date = April 1999 | pmid = 10198660 | doi = 10.1016/S0749-3797(98)00089-0 | s2cid = 33535194 }}</ref> यी प्रभावहरूको अध्ययन गर्नु महत्त्वपूर्ण छ, किनकि सामान्य जनसङ्ख्यामा गर्भधारणअघि, गर्भावस्थामा तथा प्रसूति पछि धुम्रपान गर्नु असामान्य व्यवहार होइन, र यसको परिणामस्वरूप विशेषगरी आमा र शिशु दुवैको स्वास्थ्यमा हानिकारक असर पर्न सक्छ। सन् १९९९ मा ''अमेरिकन जर्नल अफ प्रिभेटिभ मेडिसिन'' मा प्रकाशित एक मेटा-विश्लेषणअनुसार, गर्भधारणअघि धूम्रपान गर्नु एक्टोपिक गर्भावस्थाको जोखिम बढ्नुसँग बलियो रूपमा सम्बन्धित छ।<ref name=":0" /> ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} [[श्रेणी:धुम्रपान]] [[श्रेणी:गर्भावस्थामा हुने स्वास्थ्य समस्याहरू]] {{ठुटो}} 7pquvv0sc0pmq2sb79jgtlmmns7jmup 1 150830 1365969 2026-07-14T06:21:15Z Saroj 31493 https://fountain.toolforge.org/editathons/wikiwomen-editathon-2026 1365969 wikitext text/x-wiki {{विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०२६}} f8469qlh5cd67dh1x80viazoucrxwve 1365970 1365969 2026-07-14T06:23:31Z Saroj 31493 translated page 1365970 wikitext text/x-wiki {{translated page|en|Smoking and pregnancy|version=1362793164}} {{विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०२६}} 5ujxjhtnrocfa3msege5j9y4qn34674 1 150831 1365986 2026-07-14T07:24:03Z पर्वत सुवेदी 31224 https://fountain.toolforge.org/editathons/wikiwomen-editathon-2026 1365986 wikitext text/x-wiki {{विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०२६}} f8469qlh5cd67dh1x80viazoucrxwve 0 150832 1366004 2026-07-14T09:36:40Z हिमाल सुवेदी 30817 नयाँ पृष्ठ: {{infobox royalty | name = राजकुमारी शोभा शाही | title = [[नेपाल अधिराज्य|नेपाल]]की पूर्व राजकुमारी | image = Statiefoto van Koninklijke familie, voorste rij HM, Koning Nepal, Koningin Nepal, Bestanddeelnr 920-2634 (cropped).jpg | caption = सन् १९६७ मा राजकुमारी शोभा | full_name = शोभा राज्यलक्... 1366004 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox royalty | name = राजकुमारी शोभा शाही | title = [[नेपाल अधिराज्य|नेपाल]]की पूर्व राजकुमारी | image = Statiefoto van Koninklijke familie, voorste rij HM, Koning Nepal, Koningin Nepal, Bestanddeelnr 920-2634 (cropped).jpg | caption = सन् १९६७ मा राजकुमारी शोभा | full_name = शोभा राज्यलक्ष्मी देवी शाही | house = [[शाह वंश]] (जन्मगत) | type = वंश | father = [[महेन्द्र वीर विक्रम शाह]] | mother = [[इन्द्र राज्यलक्ष्मी देवी शाह]] | spouse = {{marriage|''कुमार'' मोहन बहादुर शाही|1970}} | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|१९४९|१|१७|df=y}} (वि.सं. २००५ माघ ४) | birth_place = [[नारायणहिटी दरबार|नारायणहिटी राजदरबार]], [[काठमाडौँ]], [[नेपाल अधिराज्य|नेपाल]] | religion = [[हिन्दु]] | issue = हिम्वान शाही मनुजा शाह }} '''शोभा राज्यलक्ष्मी देवी शाही''' वा सामान्यतया '''शोभा शाही''' (जन्म; वि.सं. २००५ माघ ४) [[नेपाल अधिराज्य|नेपाल]]की पूर्व राजकुमारी तथा राजा [[महेन्द्र वीर विक्रम शाह|महेन्द्र]]की कान्छी छोरी हुन्। उनी राजा महेन्द्रकी एकमात्र जीवित छोरी हुन् भने उनका दिदीहरू [[शान्ति राज्य लक्ष्मी देवी सिंह|राजकुमारी शान्ति]] र [[शारदा शाह|राजकुमारी शारदा]] [[दरबार हत्याकाण्ड]]मा राजा [[वीरेन्द्र वीर विक्रम शाह|वीरेन्द्र]] र उनको परिवारका साथ मारिएका थिए।<ref name="bbc">{{cite news |title=Massacre witness tells of gun grab |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/1391567.stm |access-date=14 July 2026 |work=BBC News |date=15 June 2001}}</ref><ref name="nyt">{{cite news |last1=Haviland |first1=Charles |title=Princess Shova, a witness to Nepal's royal massacre, remembers the horror |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/05/29/world/asia/29iht-nepal.4.12313816.html |access-date=14 July 2026 |work=The New York Times |date=29 May 2008}}</ref> == प्रारम्भिक जीवन र परिवार == राजकुमारी शोभाको जन्म काठमाडौँको नारायणहिटी राजदरबारमा भएको थियो।<ref name="nyt" /> उनले दार्जिलिङको लोरेटो कन्भेन्ट र काठमाडौँको पद्मकन्या कलेजमा शिक्षा प्राप्त गरेकी थिइन्।<ref name="bio">{{cite book |last1=Shrestha |first1=Sushil |title=Nepal's Royal Family: A Historical Perspective |date=2005 |publisher=Himal Books |location=Kathmandu |isbn=99933-14-18-5 |page=234}}</ref> सन् १९७० मा, उनको कुमार मोहन बहादुर शाहीसँग विवाह भएको थियो जो रुकुमकोट, जुम्ला र जाजरकोटका शासक परिवारका वंशज र नेपालका पूर्व राष्ट्रिय ब्याडमिन्टन खेलाडी पनि हुन्।<ref name="bio" /> उनीहरूका एक छोरा हिम्वान शाही र एक छोरी मनुजा शाह गरि दुई सन्तानहरू छन्।<ref name="bio" /> == पछिल्लो जीवन == हत्याकाण्डपछि, राजकुमारी शोभा राजा महेन्द्रका केही जीवित सन्तानमध्ये एक भएकी थिइन् जसमन उनका दाजु पूर्व राजा ज्ञानेन्द्र थिए।<ref name="nyt" /> उनी नेपाल रेडक्रस सोसाइटीकी सदस्य थिइन्।<ref>{{cite web |title=Nepal Red Cross Society Annual Report 2018 |url=https://www.nrcs.org/publications/ |publisher=Nepal Red Cross Society |access-date=14 July 2026}}</ref> == सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} gj8w5xsz3k65paa0br9gs9cylouax87 1366005 1366004 2026-07-14T09:45:55Z हिमाल सुवेदी 30817 1366005 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox royalty | name = राजकुमारी शोभा शाही | title = [[नेपाल अधिराज्य|नेपाल]]की पूर्व राजकुमारी | image = Statiefoto van Koninklijke familie, voorste rij HM, Koning Nepal, Koningin Nepal, Bestanddeelnr 920-2634 (cropped).jpg | caption = सन् १९६७ मा राजकुमारी शोभा | full_name = शोभा राज्यलक्ष्मी देवी शाही | house = [[शाह वंश]] (जन्मगत) | type = वंश | father = [[महेन्द्र वीर विक्रम शाह]] | mother = [[इन्द्र राज्यलक्ष्मी देवी शाह]] | spouse = {{marriage|''कुमार'' मोहन बहादुर शाही|1970}} | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|१९४९|१|१७|df=y}} (वि.सं. २००५ माघ ४) | birth_place = [[नारायणहिटी दरबार|नारायणहिटी राजदरबार]], [[काठमाडौँ]], [[नेपाल अधिराज्य|नेपाल]] | religion = [[हिन्दु]] | issue = हिम्वान शाही मनुजा शाह }} '''शोभा राज्यलक्ष्मी देवी शाही''' वा सामान्यतया '''शोभा शाही''' (जन्म; वि.सं. २००५ माघ ४) [[नेपाल अधिराज्य|नेपाल]]की पूर्व राजकुमारी तथा राजा [[महेन्द्र वीर विक्रम शाह|महेन्द्र]]की कान्छी छोरी हुन्। उनी राजा महेन्द्रकी एकमात्र जीवित छोरी हुन् भने उनका दिदीहरू [[शान्ति राज्य लक्ष्मी देवी सिंह|राजकुमारी शान्ति]] र [[शारदा शाह|राजकुमारी शारदा]] [[दरबार हत्याकाण्ड]]मा राजा [[वीरेन्द्र वीर विक्रम शाह|वीरेन्द्र]] र उनको परिवारका साथ मारिएका थिए।<ref name="bbc">{{cite news |title=Massacre witness tells of gun grab |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/1391567.stm |access-date=14 July 2026 |work=BBC News |date=15 June 2001}}</ref><ref name="nyt">{{cite news |last1=Haviland |first1=Charles |title=Princess Shova, a witness to Nepal's royal massacre, remembers the horror |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/05/29/world/asia/29iht-nepal.4.12313816.html |access-date=14 July 2026 |work=The New York Times |date=29 May 2008}}</ref> == जीवन र परिवार == राजकुमारी शोभाको जन्म काठमाडौँको नारायणहिटी राजदरबारमा भएको थियो।<ref name="nyt" /> उनले दार्जिलिङको लोरेटो कन्भेन्ट र काठमाडौँको पद्मकन्या कलेजमा शिक्षा प्राप्त गरेकी थिइन्।<ref name="bio">{{cite book |last1=Shrestha |first1=Sushil |title=Nepal's Royal Family: A Historical Perspective |date=2005 |publisher=Himal Books |location=Kathmandu |isbn=99933-14-18-5 |page=234}}</ref> सन् १९७० मा, उनको कुमार मोहन बहादुर शाहीसँग विवाह भएको थियो जो रुकुमकोट, जुम्ला र जाजरकोटका शासक परिवारका वंशज र नेपालका पूर्व राष्ट्रिय ब्याडमिन्टन खेलाडी पनि हुन्।<ref name="bio" /> उनीहरूका एक छोरा हिम्वान शाही र एक छोरी मनुजा शाह गरि दुई सन्तानहरू छन्।<ref name="bio" /> २०५८ जेठ १९ का दिन आय‍जित शाही भेलामा शोभा पनि उपस्थित थिइन् भने सोही रात राजपरिवारका १० सदस्यको हत्या भएको थियो। घटना पश्चात् सार्वजनिक समाचारमा युवराज दीपेन्द्रले राजा वीरेन्द्र, रानी ऐश्वर्य, अधिराजकुमारी श्रुति, निराजन वीर विक्रम शाह, काका धीरेन्द्र शाह, काकी शान्ति, श्रद्धा, जयन्ती र श्रद्धाका पति कुमार खड्गविक्रम शाहलाई गोली हानेर हत्या गरेर त्यसपछि युवराज दीपेन्द्रले आफैँमाथि गोली प्रहार गरेको भनेर प्रचार गरिएको थियो। अर्को दिन अस्पतालमा गम्भीर घाइते रहेका भनिएका युवराज दीपेन्द्रलाई राजा घोषणा गरिएको थियो र उनका काका अधिराजकुमार ज्ञानेन्द्रलाई नायबी अधिकार सुम्पिएको थियो। राजपरिवारका सबै सदस्यको सामूहिक अन्तिम संस्कार गरिएको थियो। हत्याकाण्डमा राजकुमारी शोभा घाइते भएर पनि तर बाँच्न सफल भएकी थिइन्। २०६५ सालमा नेपालमा राजतन्त्रको अन्त्य भएसँगै हाल, राजकुमारी शोभा र उनका दाजु पूर्व राजा ज्ञानेन्द्र राजा महेन्द्रका दुई जीवित सन्तान हुन्। == पछिल्लो जीवन == हत्याकाण्डपछि, राजकुमारी शोभा राजा महेन्द्रका केही जीवित सन्तानमध्ये एक भएकी थिइन् जसमन उनका दाजु पूर्व राजा ज्ञानेन्द्र थिए।<ref name="nyt" /> उनी नेपाल रेडक्रस सोसाइटीकी सदस्य थिइन्।<ref>{{cite web |title=Nepal Red Cross Society Annual Report 2018 |url=https://www.nrcs.org/publications/ |publisher=Nepal Red Cross Society |access-date=14 July 2026}}</ref> == सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} mlleyf5distc1svp9ucl58h6am77qxm 1366006 1366005 2026-07-14T09:46:13Z हिमाल सुवेदी 30817 1366006 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox royalty | name = राजकुमारी शोभा शाही | title = [[नेपाल अधिराज्य|नेपाल]]की पूर्व राजकुमारी | image = Statiefoto van Koninklijke familie, voorste rij HM, Koning Nepal, Koningin Nepal, Bestanddeelnr 920-2634 (cropped).jpg | caption = सन् १९६७ मा राजकुमारी शोभा | full_name = शोभा राज्यलक्ष्मी देवी शाही | house = [[शाह वंश]] (जन्मगत) | type = वंश | father = [[महेन्द्र वीर विक्रम शाह]] | mother = [[इन्द्र राज्यलक्ष्मी देवी शाह]] | spouse = {{marriage|''कुमार'' मोहन बहादुर शाही|1970}} | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|१९४९|१|१७|df=y}} (वि.सं. २००५ माघ ४) | birth_place = [[नारायणहिटी दरबार|नारायणहिटी राजदरबार]], [[काठमाडौँ]], [[नेपाल अधिराज्य|नेपाल]] | religion = [[हिन्दु]] | issue = हिम्वान शाही मनुजा शाह }} '''शोभा राज्यलक्ष्मी देवी शाही''' वा सामान्यतया '''शोभा शाही''' (जन्म; वि.सं. २००५ माघ ४) [[नेपाल अधिराज्य|नेपाल]]की पूर्व राजकुमारी तथा राजा [[महेन्द्र वीर विक्रम शाह|महेन्द्र]]की कान्छी छोरी हुन्। उनी राजा महेन्द्रकी एकमात्र जीवित छोरी हुन् भने उनका दिदीहरू [[शान्ति राज्य लक्ष्मी देवी सिंह|राजकुमारी शान्ति]] र [[शारदा शाह|राजकुमारी शारदा]] [[दरबार हत्याकाण्ड]]मा राजा [[वीरेन्द्र वीर विक्रम शाह|वीरेन्द्र]] र उनको परिवारका साथ मारिएका थिए।<ref name="bbc">{{cite news |title=Massacre witness tells of gun grab |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/1391567.stm |access-date=14 July 2026 |work=BBC News |date=15 June 2001}}</ref><ref name="nyt">{{cite news |last1=Haviland |first1=Charles |title=Princess Shova, a witness to Nepal's royal massacre, remembers the horror |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/05/29/world/asia/29iht-nepal.4.12313816.html |access-date=14 July 2026 |work=The New York Times |date=29 May 2008}}</ref> == जीवन र परिवार == राजकुमारी शोभाको जन्म काठमाडौँको नारायणहिटी राजदरबारमा भएको थियो।<ref name="nyt" /> उनले दार्जिलिङको लोरेटो कन्भेन्ट र काठमाडौँको पद्मकन्या कलेजमा शिक्षा प्राप्त गरेकी थिइन्।<ref name="bio">{{cite book |last1=Shrestha |first1=Sushil |title=Nepal's Royal Family: A Historical Perspective |date=2005 |publisher=Himal Books |location=Kathmandu |isbn=99933-14-18-5 |page=234}}</ref> सन् १९७० मा, उनको कुमार मोहन बहादुर शाहीसँग विवाह भएको थियो जो रुकुमकोट, जुम्ला र जाजरकोटका शासक परिवारका वंशज र नेपालका पूर्व राष्ट्रिय ब्याडमिन्टन खेलाडी पनि हुन्।<ref name="bio" /> उनीहरूका एक छोरा हिम्वान शाही र एक छोरी मनुजा शाह गरि दुई सन्तानहरू छन्।<ref name="bio" /> २०५८ जेठ १९ का दिन आय‍जित शाही भेलामा शोभा पनि उपस्थित थिइन् भने सोही रात राजपरिवारका १० सदस्यको हत्या भएको थियो। घटना पश्चात् सार्वजनिक समाचारमा युवराज दीपेन्द्रले राजा वीरेन्द्र, रानी ऐश्वर्य, अधिराजकुमारी श्रुति, निराजन वीर विक्रम शाह, काका धीरेन्द्र शाह, काकी शान्ति, श्रद्धा, जयन्ती र श्रद्धाका पति कुमार खड्गविक्रम शाहलाई गोली हानेर हत्या गरेर त्यसपछि युवराज दीपेन्द्रले आफैँमाथि गोली प्रहार गरेको भनेर प्रचार गरिएको थियो। अर्को दिन अस्पतालमा गम्भीर घाइते रहेका भनिएका युवराज दीपेन्द्रलाई राजा घोषणा गरिएको थियो र उनका काका अधिराजकुमार ज्ञानेन्द्रलाई नायबी अधिकार सुम्पिएको थियो। राजपरिवारका सबै सदस्यको सामूहिक अन्तिम संस्कार गरिएको थियो। हत्याकाण्डमा राजकुमारी शोभा घाइते भएर पनि तर बाँच्न सफल भएकी थिइन्। २०६५ सालमा नेपालमा राजतन्त्रको अन्त्य भएसँगै हाल, राजकुमारी शोभा र उनका दाजु पूर्व राजा ज्ञानेन्द्र राजा महेन्द्रका दुई जीवित सन्तान हुन्। == पछिल्लो जीवन == हत्याकाण्डपछि, राजकुमारी शोभा राजा महेन्द्रका केही जीवित सन्तानमध्ये एक भएकी थिइन् जसमा उनका दाजु पूर्व राजा ज्ञानेन्द्र थिए।<ref name="nyt" /> उनी नेपाल रेडक्रस सोसाइटीकी सदस्य थिइन्।<ref>{{cite web |title=Nepal Red Cross Society Annual Report 2018 |url=https://www.nrcs.org/publications/ |publisher=Nepal Red Cross Society |access-date=14 July 2026}}</ref> == सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} 23joi3fq4yamlde45b8ylx1x9vmdw62 1366007 1366006 2026-07-14T09:50:33Z हिमाल सुवेदी 30817 /* */ 1366007 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox royalty | name = राजकुमारी शोभा शाही | title = [[नेपाल अधिराज्य|नेपाल]]की पूर्व राजकुमारी | image = Statiefoto van Koninklijke familie, voorste rij HM, Koning Nepal, Koningin Nepal, Bestanddeelnr 920-2634 (cropped).jpg | caption = सन् १९६७ मा राजकुमारी शोभा | full_name = शोभा राज्यलक्ष्मी देवी शाही | house = [[शाह वंश]] (जन्मगत) | type = वंश | father = [[महेन्द्र वीर विक्रम शाह]] | mother = [[इन्द्र राज्यलक्ष्मी देवी शाह]] | spouse = {{marriage|''कुमार'' मोहन बहादुर शाही|1970}} | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|१९४९|१|१७|df=y}} (वि.सं. २००५ माघ ४) | birth_place = [[नारायणहिटी दरबार|नारायणहिटी राजदरबार]], [[काठमाडौँ]], [[नेपाल अधिराज्य|नेपाल]] | religion = [[हिन्दु]] | issue = हिम्वान शाही मनुजा शाह }} '''शोभा राज्यलक्ष्मी देवी शाही''' वा सामान्यतया '''शोभा शाही''' (जन्म; वि.सं. २००५ माघ ४) [[नेपाल अधिराज्य|नेपाल]]की पूर्व राजकुमारी तथा राजा [[महेन्द्र वीर विक्रम शाह|महेन्द्र]] र उनकी पहिलो श्रीमती युवराज्ञी [[इन्द्र राज्यलक्ष्मी देवी शाह]]को पाँचौँ सन्तान र कान्छी छोरी हुन्। उनी राजा महेन्द्रकी एकमात्र जीवित छोरी हुन् भने उनका दिदीहरू [[शान्ति राज्य लक्ष्मी देवी सिंह|राजकुमारी शान्ति]] र [[शारदा शाह|राजकुमारी शारदा]] [[दरबार हत्याकाण्ड]]मा राजा [[वीरेन्द्र वीर विक्रम शाह|वीरेन्द्र]] र उनको परिवारका साथ मारिएका थिए।<ref name="bbc">{{cite news |title=Massacre witness tells of gun grab |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/1391567.stm |access-date=14 July 2026 |work=BBC News |date=15 June 2001}}</ref><ref name="nyt">{{cite news |last1=Haviland |first1=Charles |title=Princess Shova, a witness to Nepal's royal massacre, remembers the horror |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/05/29/world/asia/29iht-nepal.4.12313816.html |access-date=14 July 2026 |work=The New York Times |date=29 May 2008}}</ref> == जीवन र परिवार == राजकुमारी शोभाको जन्म काठमाडौँको नारायणहिटी राजदरबारमा भएको थियो।<ref name="nyt" /> उनले दार्जिलिङको लोरेटो कन्भेन्ट र काठमाडौँको पद्मकन्या कलेजमा शिक्षा प्राप्त गरेकी थिइन्।<ref name="bio">{{cite book |last1=Shrestha |first1=Sushil |title=Nepal's Royal Family: A Historical Perspective |date=2005 |publisher=Himal Books |location=Kathmandu |isbn=99933-14-18-5 |page=234}}</ref> सन् १९७० मा, उनको कुमार मोहन बहादुर शाहीसँग विवाह भएको थियो जो रुकुमकोट, जुम्ला र जाजरकोटका शासक परिवारका वंशज र नेपालका पूर्व राष्ट्रिय ब्याडमिन्टन खेलाडी पनि हुन्।<ref name="bio" /> उनीहरूका एक छोरा हिम्वान शाही र एक छोरी मनुजा शाह गरि दुई सन्तानहरू छन्।<ref name="bio" /> २०५८ जेठ १९ का दिन आय‍जित शाही भेलामा शोभा पनि उपस्थित थिइन् भने सोही रात राजपरिवारका १० सदस्यको हत्या भएको थियो। घटना पश्चात् सार्वजनिक समाचारमा युवराज दीपेन्द्रले राजा वीरेन्द्र, रानी ऐश्वर्य, अधिराजकुमारी श्रुति, निराजन वीर विक्रम शाह, काका धीरेन्द्र शाह, काकी शान्ति, श्रद्धा, जयन्ती र श्रद्धाका पति कुमार खड्गविक्रम शाहलाई गोली हानेर हत्या गरेर त्यसपछि युवराज दीपेन्द्रले आफैँमाथि गोली प्रहार गरेको भनेर प्रचार गरिएको थियो। अर्को दिन अस्पतालमा गम्भीर घाइते रहेका भनिएका युवराज दीपेन्द्रलाई राजा घोषणा गरिएको थियो र उनका काका अधिराजकुमार ज्ञानेन्द्रलाई नायबी अधिकार सुम्पिएको थियो। राजपरिवारका सबै सदस्यको सामूहिक अन्तिम संस्कार गरिएको थियो। हत्याकाण्डमा राजकुमारी शोभा घाइते भएर पनि तर बाँच्न सफल भएकी थिइन्। २०६५ सालमा नेपालमा राजतन्त्रको अन्त्य भएसँगै हाल, राजकुमारी शोभा र उनका दाजु पूर्व राजा ज्ञानेन्द्र राजा महेन्द्रका दुई जीवित सन्तान हुन्। == पछिल्लो जीवन == हत्याकाण्डपछि, राजकुमारी शोभा राजा महेन्द्रका केही जीवित सन्तानमध्ये एक भएकी थिइन् जसमा उनका दाजु पूर्व राजा ज्ञानेन्द्र थिए।<ref name="nyt" /> उनी नेपाल रेडक्रस सोसाइटीकी सदस्य थिइन्।<ref>{{cite web |title=Nepal Red Cross Society Annual Report 2018 |url=https://www.nrcs.org/publications/ |publisher=Nepal Red Cross Society |access-date=14 July 2026}}</ref> == सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} 0dvxlw6yxvqon9adnnlisrsi7mglupm 1366009 1366007 2026-07-14T10:02:36Z हिमाल सुवेदी 30817 /* जीवन र परिवार */ 1366009 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox royalty | name = राजकुमारी शोभा शाही | title = [[नेपाल अधिराज्य|नेपाल]]की पूर्व राजकुमारी | image = Statiefoto van Koninklijke familie, voorste rij HM, Koning Nepal, Koningin Nepal, Bestanddeelnr 920-2634 (cropped).jpg | caption = सन् १९६७ मा राजकुमारी शोभा | full_name = शोभा राज्यलक्ष्मी देवी शाही | house = [[शाह वंश]] (जन्मगत) | type = वंश | father = [[महेन्द्र वीर विक्रम शाह]] | mother = [[इन्द्र राज्यलक्ष्मी देवी शाह]] | spouse = {{marriage|''कुमार'' मोहन बहादुर शाही|1970}} | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|१९४९|१|१७|df=y}} (वि.सं. २००५ माघ ४) | birth_place = [[नारायणहिटी दरबार|नारायणहिटी राजदरबार]], [[काठमाडौँ]], [[नेपाल अधिराज्य|नेपाल]] | religion = [[हिन्दु]] | issue = हिम्वान शाही मनुजा शाह }} '''शोभा राज्यलक्ष्मी देवी शाही''' वा सामान्यतया '''शोभा शाही''' (जन्म; वि.सं. २००५ माघ ४) [[नेपाल अधिराज्य|नेपाल]]की पूर्व राजकुमारी तथा राजा [[महेन्द्र वीर विक्रम शाह|महेन्द्र]] र उनकी पहिलो श्रीमती युवराज्ञी [[इन्द्र राज्यलक्ष्मी देवी शाह]]को पाँचौँ सन्तान र कान्छी छोरी हुन्। उनी राजा महेन्द्रकी एकमात्र जीवित छोरी हुन् भने उनका दिदीहरू [[शान्ति राज्य लक्ष्मी देवी सिंह|राजकुमारी शान्ति]] र [[शारदा शाह|राजकुमारी शारदा]] [[दरबार हत्याकाण्ड]]मा राजा [[वीरेन्द्र वीर विक्रम शाह|वीरेन्द्र]] र उनको परिवारका साथ मारिएका थिए।<ref name="bbc">{{cite news |title=Massacre witness tells of gun grab |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/1391567.stm |access-date=14 July 2026 |work=BBC News |date=15 June 2001}}</ref><ref name="nyt">{{cite news |last1=Haviland |first1=Charles |title=Princess Shova, a witness to Nepal's royal massacre, remembers the horror |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/05/29/world/asia/29iht-nepal.4.12313816.html |access-date=14 July 2026 |work=The New York Times |date=29 May 2008}}</ref> == जीवन र परिवार == राजकुमारी शोभाको जन्म काठमाडौँको नारायणहिटी राजदरबारमा भएको थियो। उनले [[दार्जिलिङ]]को लोरेटो कन्भेन्ट र काठमाडौँको पद्मकन्या कलेजमा शिक्षा प्राप्त गरेकी थिइन्।<ref name="bio">{{cite book |last1=Shrestha |first1=Sushil |title=Nepal's Royal Family: A Historical Perspective |date=2005 |publisher=Himal Books |location=Kathmandu |isbn=99933-14-18-5 |page=234}}</ref> आफ्नो युवावस्थामा, उनी आफ्नो परिवारसँग राजकीय भ्रमणहरूमा सहभागी हुने गरेकी थिइन् जसमा सन् १९६७ मा नेदरल्यान्ड्सको भ्रमण पनि समावेश थियो। उनको सार्वजनिक भूमिका अधिकांश औपचारिक हुन्थ्यो। सन् १९७३ मा उनको भेटघाट चिनियाँ नेता [[देङ सियाओपिङ]]सँग पनि भएको थियो। सन् १९७० मा, उनको कुमार मोहन बहादुर शाहीसँग विवाह भएको थियो जो रुकुमकोट, जुम्ला र जाजरकोटका शासक परिवारका वंशज र नेपालका पूर्व राष्ट्रिय ब्याडमिन्टन खेलाडी पनि हुन्।<ref name="bio" /> उनीहरूका एक छोरा हिम्वान शाही र एक छोरी मनुजा शाह गरि दुई सन्तानहरू छन्।<ref name="bio" /> २०५८ जेठ १९ का दिन आय‍जित शाही भेलामा शोभा पनि उपस्थित थिइन् भने सोही रात राजपरिवारका १० सदस्यको हत्या भएको थियो। घटना पश्चात् सार्वजनिक समाचारमा युवराज दीपेन्द्रले राजा वीरेन्द्र, रानी ऐश्वर्य, अधिराजकुमारी श्रुति, निराजन वीर विक्रम शाह, काका धीरेन्द्र शाह, काकी शान्ति, श्रद्धा, जयन्ती र श्रद्धाका पति कुमार खड्गविक्रम शाहलाई गोली हानेर हत्या गरेर त्यसपछि युवराज दीपेन्द्रले आफैँमाथि गोली प्रहार गरेको भनेर प्रचार गरिएको थियो। अर्को दिन अस्पतालमा गम्भीर घाइते रहेका भनिएका युवराज दीपेन्द्रलाई राजा घोषणा गरिएको थियो र उनका काका अधिराजकुमार ज्ञानेन्द्रलाई नायबी अधिकार सुम्पिएको थियो। राजपरिवारका सबै सदस्यको सामूहिक अन्तिम संस्कार गरिएको थियो। हत्याकाण्डमा राजकुमारी शोभा घाइते भएर पनि तर बाँच्न सफल भएकी थिइन्। २०६५ सालमा नेपालमा राजतन्त्रको अन्त्य भएसँगै हाल, राजकुमारी शोभा र उनका दाजु पूर्व राजा ज्ञानेन्द्र राजा महेन्द्रका दुई जीवित सन्तान हुन्। == पछिल्लो जीवन == हत्याकाण्डपछि, राजकुमारी शोभा राजा महेन्द्रका केही जीवित सन्तानमध्ये एक भएकी थिइन् जसमा उनका दाजु पूर्व राजा ज्ञानेन्द्र थिए।<ref name="nyt" /> उनी नेपाल रेडक्रस सोसाइटीकी सदस्य थिइन्।<ref>{{cite web |title=Nepal Red Cross Society Annual Report 2018 |url=https://www.nrcs.org/publications/ |publisher=Nepal Red Cross Society |access-date=14 July 2026}}</ref> == सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} e753rfsh36yb1irvida9ix2wo6dabf4 14 150833 1366008 2026-07-14T10:00:43Z Saroj 31493 नयाँ पृष्ठ: {{Cat main}} {{Navseasoncats|skip-gaps=yes}} {{Commons category}} [[श्रेणी:फिफा विश्वकप प्रतियोगिताहरू]] 1366008 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Cat main}} {{Navseasoncats|skip-gaps=yes}} {{Commons category}} [[श्रेणी:फिफा विश्वकप प्रतियोगिताहरू]] cdph4dhmvk2az4gmpttdecv6zjlntvk 14 150834 1366011 2026-07-14T10:06:33Z Saroj 31493 नयाँ पृष्ठ: {{Commons category|Finals of the FIFA World Cup}} [[श्रेणी:फिफा विश्वकपका खेलहरू|फाइनल]] 1366011 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Commons category|Finals of the FIFA World Cup}} [[श्रेणी:फिफा विश्वकपका खेलहरू|फाइनल]] 6vs6k27jks55dx7np4onkbyaatu44gd 1 150835 1366012 2026-07-14T10:07:11Z हिमाल सुवेदी 30817 https://fountain.toolforge.org/editathons/wikiwomen-editathon-2026 1366012 wikitext text/x-wiki {{विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०२६}} f8469qlh5cd67dh1x80viazoucrxwve 14 150836 1366013 2026-07-14T10:07:22Z Saroj 31493 नयाँ पृष्ठ: {{Commons category}} [[श्रेणी:फिफा विश्वकप|खेलहरू]] 1366013 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Commons category}} [[श्रेणी:फिफा विश्वकप|खेलहरू]] 9iz5h408zpdurghpp5o633tn65ib9ge 0 150837 1366018 2026-07-14T11:20:28Z Saroj 31493 नयाँ लेख 1366018 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football match | title = २०२६ फिफा विश्वकप फाइनल | other_titles = | image = File:MetLife Stadium Exterior, 2026 FIFA World Cup (June 20, 2026) (cropped).jpg | event = [[२०२६ फिफा विश्वकप]] | caption = [[मेटलाइफ रङ्गशाला]] (जुन २०२६ सम्म), फाइनलको आयोजक स्थल | team1 = | team1association = | team1score = | team2 = | team2association = | team2score = | details = | date = {{Start date|2026|07|19}} | stadium = [[मेटलाइफ रङ्गशाला]]{{Efn|"न्युयोर्क न्युजर्सी रङ्गशाला" भनेर उल्लेख गरिएको}} | city = [[इस्ट रदरफोर्ड, न्युजर्सी|इस्ट रदरफोर्ड]] | man_of_the_match1a = | referee = | attendance = | weather = | previous = [[२०२२ फिफा विश्वकप फाइनल|२०२२]] | next = ''२०३०'' }} '''२०२६ फिफा विश्वकप फाइनल''' पुरुष राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोलीहरूका लागि [[फिफा]]को प्रतियोगिताको २३औँ संस्करण [[२०२६ फिफा विश्वकप]]को अन्तिम खेल हुनेछ। यो खेल २०२६ जुलाई १९ मा [[न्युयोर्क सहर]] नजिकै न्युजर्सीको [[इस्ट रदरफोर्ड, न्युजर्सी|इस्ट रदरफोर्ड]]स्थित मेडोल्यान्ड्स खेल परिसरमा रहेको [[मेटलाइफ रङ्गशाला]]मा खेलाइने तालिका छ। ==पृष्ठभूमि== फिफाले फाइनलको मिति २०२३ मार्च १६ मा घोषणा गरेको थियो।<ref>{{cite press release |date=March 16, 2023 |title=Date set for FIFA World Cup 26 final |url=https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/articles/date-set-for-2026-world-cup-final-canada-mexico-usa |publisher=FIFA |accessdate=January 18, 2024}}</ref> फिफाले फाइनलको आयोजक मेटलाइफ रङ्गशालाको घोषणा २०२४ फेब्रुअरी ४ मा गरेको थियो।<ref>{{cite news |last=Dominski |first=Michael |date=February 4, 2024 |title=World Cup 2026 schedule announcement live updates: Latest as FIFA selects host city for final |url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/live-blogs/world-cup-2026-schedule-announcement-live-updates-final/r7oDr4oG9qK4/ |work=[[The Athletic]] |url-access=subscription |access-date=February 4, 2024}}</ref> यो घोषणा सुरुमा २०२३ को अन्त्यतिर हुने अपेक्षा गरिएको थियो, तर योजना निर्माणसम्बन्धी कठिनाइका कारण ढिलाइ भएको थियो।<ref>{{cite news |last=Panja |first=Tariq |date=September 15, 2023 |title=FIFA Delays Have Cities Worried About 2026 World Cup Plans |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/09/15/sports/soccer/2026-world-cup.html |work=[[The New York Times]] |url-access=limited |accessdate=January 18, 2024}}</ref> ==मनोरञ्जन== {{main|२०२६ फिफा विश्वकप फाइनलको मध्यविराम कार्यक्रम}} २०२६ को फाइनल एनएफएलको [[सुपर बाउल]]मा हुनेजस्तै मध्यविराम कार्यक्रम समावेश गर्ने पहिलो विश्वकप फाइनल हुनेछ। फिफाले २०२४ नोभेम्बर २८ मा उक्त कार्यक्रमको घोषणा गरेको थियो, जसमा ग्लोबल सिटिजन सह-निर्माताका रूपमा सूचीकृत थियो।<ref>{{cite news |last=Willman |first=Chris |date=September 28, 2024 |url=https://variety.com/2024/music/news/world-cup-final-halftime-show-global-citizen-produce-fifa-starting-2026-1236158976/ |title=Global Citizen to Produce Halftime Show for FIFA World Cup Final, Starting in 2026 |access-date=June 28, 2026 |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240928223758/https://variety.com/2024/music/news/world-cup-final-halftime-show-global-citizen-produce-fifa-starting-2026-1236158976/ |archive-date=September 28, 2024}}</ref> [[कोल्डप्ले]]का [[क्रिस मार्टिन]]द्वारा संयोजन गरिएको ११ मिनेट लामो मध्यविराम कार्यक्रमको मुख्य आकर्षण [[म्याडोना (मनोरञ्जनकर्मी)|म्याडोना]], [[सकिरा]] र [[बिटिएस]] हुनेछन्।<ref>{{cite news |last=Morgan |first=Emmanuel |date=May 14, 2026 |title=Shakira, Madonna and BTS Are First World Cup Final Halftime Show |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2026/05/14/arts/music/world-cup-halftime-shakira-madonna-bts.html |work=The New York Times |url-access=limited |access-date=July 5, 2026}}</ref><ref name="BBC-Halftime">{{cite news |last=McKenna |first=Lorraine |date=May 14, 2026 |title=Madonna, Shakira & BTS to headline World Cup show |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/articles/c5yrl54561do |access-date=May 14, 2026 |publisher=[[BBC Sport]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260514111629/https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/articles/c5yrl54561do |archive-date=May 14, 2026 |url-status=live}}</ref> जुलाई ८ मा [[जस्टिन बीबर]], बर्ना ब्वाय, गुस्ताभो डुडामेल र पीएस२२ कोरस (जसमा कोल्डप्ले पनि समावेश हुनेछ) मध्यविराम कार्यक्रममा थपिएका थिए।<ref>{{cite news |title=Justin Bieber joins World Cup final halftime show lineup |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/story/_/id/49308434/justin-bieber-2026-world-cup-final-half-show-lineup |access-date=8 July 2026 |work=ESPN.com |agency=Associated Press |date=8 July 2026}}</ref> यस प्रस्तुतिमार्फत फिफा ग्लोबल सिटिजन शिक्षा कोषका लागि १० करोड अमेरिकी डलर सङ्कलन गर्ने लक्ष्य पनि राखिएको छ।<ref name="BBC-Halftime"/> मध्यविराम कार्यक्रमलाई अत्यधिक व्यावसायीकरण गरिएको र खेलको अनावश्यक अमेरिकीकरण भएको भन्दै फुटबल टिप्पणीकार र समर्थकहरूले आलोचना गरेका थिए।<ref>{{cite news |last=Church |first=Ben |date=May 15, 2026 |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2026/05/15/sport/world-cup-halftime-show-reaction |title=Why some purists can't stand the idea of a World Cup halftime show |publisher=[[CNN]] |access-date=June 26, 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260516130825/https://edition.cnn.com/2026/05/15/sport/world-cup-halftime-show-reaction |archive-date=May 16, 2026 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Guardian-Halftime">{{cite news |last=Hughes |first=Matt |date=June 10, 2026 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2026/jun/10/tv-rights-holders-frustrated-over-world-cup-final-half-time-show-delay |title=TV rights holders frustrated over World Cup final half-time show delay |work=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=June 26, 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260610181725/https://www.theguardian.com/football/2026/jun/10/tv-rights-holders-frustrated-over-world-cup-final-half-time-show-delay |archive-date=June 10, 2026 |url-status=live}}</ref> खेलका आधिकारिक नियमअनुसार मध्यविराम १५ मिनेटभन्दा बढी हुन सक्दैन, तर २०२४ को कोपा अमेरिका फाइनल र २०२५ को फिफा क्लब विश्वकप फाइनलका मध्यविराम कार्यक्रम भने क्रमशः २४ मिनेटसम्म पुगेका थिए।<ref name="Guardian-Halftime"/><ref>{{cite news |last=Marcotti |first=Gabriele |author-link=Gabriele Marcotti |date=March 8, 2025 |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/story/_/id/44164198/fifa-world-cup-half-show-gianni-infantino-only-15-minutes-super-bowl |title=FIFA can have a World Cup halftime show... within 15 minutes |access-date=June 26, 2026 |publisher=[[ESPN]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260514115407/https://www.espn.com/soccer/story/_/id/44164198/fifa-world-cup-half-show-gianni-infantino-only-15-minutes-super-bowl |archive-date=May 14, 2026 |url-status=live}}</ref> == खेल == === विवरण === <section begin="Final" />{{#invoke:football box|main |date={{Start date|2026|7|19}} |time=३:००&nbsp;अपराह्न [[युटिसी−०४:००|युटिसी−४]] |team1=<!--{{#invoke:flag|fb-rt|}}-->खेल १०१ को विजेता |score={{score link|२०२६ फिफा विश्वकप नकआउट चरण#फाइनल|खेल १०४|२०२६ फिफा विश्वकप फाइनल}} |team2=<!--{{#invoke:flag|fb|}}-->खेल १०२ को विजेता |goals1= |goals2= |stadium=[[मेटलाइफ रङ्गशाला]], [[इस्ट रदरफोर्ड, न्युजर्सी|इस्ट रदरफोर्ड]] |attendance= |referee= |report=<ref group="Report">[https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289292/400021543 "W101 vs W102 {{!}} Final {{!}} FIFA World Cup 2026"]. FIFA. Retrieved July 13, 2026.</ref> }}<section end="Final" /> <section begin=Line-ups /> {| style="width:100%; font-size:90%;" |<!-- '''Man of the Match:''' <br /> --><!-- '''[[Assistant referee (association football)|Assistant referees]]:''' <br /> <br /> <br />'''[[Assistant referee (association football)#Fourth official|Fourth official]]:''' <br /> <br />'''[[Assistant referee (association football)#Reserve assistant referee|Reserve assistant referee]]:''' <br /> <br />'''[[Video assistant referee]]:''' <br />--> <includeonly>|}</includeonly><section end=Line-ups /> |style="width:60%; vertical-align:top;"| {{Match rules |ref = <ref name="regulations">{{cite web |url=https://digitalhub.fifa.com/m/636f5c9c6f29771f/original/FWC2026_regulations_EN.pdf |title=FIFA World Cup 2026 Regulations |publisher=FIFA |date=May 2025 |access-date=June 7, 2025 |archive-date=June 23, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250623212158/https://digitalhub.fifa.com/m/636f5c9c6f29771f/original/FWC2026_regulations_EN.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref> |extra time = y |penalties = y |named subs = 15 |additional sub ET = y |subs allowed = 5 |sub opportunities = y |concussion sub = y }} |} ==टिप्पणीहरू== {{Notelist}} ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} ===प्रतिवेदनहरू=== {{Reflist|group=Report}} ==बाह्य कडीहरू== {{Commons category}} * [https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/tournaments/mens/worldcup/canadamexicousa2026 २०२६ फिफा विश्वकपको आधिकारिक वेबसाइट] {{२०२६ फिफा विश्वकप}} {{फिफा विश्वकप}} [[श्रेणी:२०२६ फिफा विश्वकप|फाइनल]] [[श्रेणी:फिफा विश्वकप फाइनल|२०२६]] ht6jilmt1ju52v2zz44bzrao4puufbi 1 150838 1366019 2026-07-14T11:21:54Z Saroj 31493 नयाँ पृष्ठ: {{translated page|en|2026 FIFA World Cup final|version=1364082462}} 1366019 wikitext text/x-wiki {{translated page|en|2026 FIFA World Cup final|version=1364082462}} lt303yb24hen4s3ue8b0uws5smk41vu