Wikipedia nywiki https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsamba_Lalikulu MediaWiki 1.48.0-wmf.3 first-letter Media Special Talk User User talk Wikipedia Wikipedia talk File File talk MediaWiki MediaWiki talk Template Template talk Help Help talk Category Category talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 3688 72047 32785 2026-11-05T00:16:19Z InternetArchiveBot 7777 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 72047 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Kyoto01.jpg|thumb|300px|Kyoto]] '''Kyoto''' ndi [[mzinda]] ku dziko la [[Japan]]. Chiwerengero cha anthu: 1.474.570 (2015). * Maonekedwe: 828 km² * Kuchuluka: 1,800 ta’ata/km² == Link == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160105133019/http://www2.city.kyoto.lg.jp/koho/eng/index.html Kyoto] ==Malifalensi== {{reflist}} {{Commons|Kyoto}} [[Category:Japan]] gw8t6sr9m7ifk0zb0nznolsgw243mz0 0 3931 72046 71863 2026-11-04T19:20:37Z InternetArchiveBot 7777 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20261104sim) #IABot (v2.0.9.6) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]) 72046 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox disease | Name = Zilonda Zapakhungu | image = Skin ulcer due to leishmaniasis, hand of Central American adult 3MG0037 lores.jpg | caption = Chilonda chachikulu chapakhungu padzanja la munthu wamkulu ndithu ku [[Central America]] | Field = [[Infectious disease (medical specialty)|Infectious disease]] | pronounce = Leishmaniasis {{IPAc-en|ˌ|l|iː|ʃ|m|ə|ˈ|n|aɪ|ə|s|ɪ|s}}<br>leishmaniosis {{IPAc-en|l|iː|ʃ|ˌ|m|eɪ|n|ɪ|ˈ|əʊ|s|ɪ|s}} or {{IPAc-en|l|iː|ʃ|ˌ|m|æ|n|ɪ|ˈ|əʊ|s|ɪ|s}}<ref>http://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/leishmaniasis</ref> | ICD10 = {{ICD10|B|55||b|50}} | ICD9 = {{ICD9|085}} | DiseasesDB = 3266 | DiseasesDB_mult = {{DiseasesDB2|29171}}<!-- {{DiseasesDB2|3266}} {{DiseasesDB2|7070}} --> | MedlinePlus = 001386 | eMedicineSubj = emerg | eMedicineTopic = 296 | MeshID = D007896 }} '''Zilonda zapakhungu zomwe pa Chingelezi zimatchedwa''' '''Leishmaniasis''' kapenanso '''leishmaniosis''', ndi [[matenda]] amene amayambitsidwa ndi tizilombo ta [[m'gulu la]] [[mapulotozowa]] otchedwa ''[[Leishmania]]'' ndipo tizilomboti zimafalitsidwa ndi [[ntchentche]] zinazake zoluma.<ref name=WHO2014/> Matendawa angagawidwe m'magulu atatu: [[Zilonda zazikulu zapakhungu|zilonda zazikulu]], zilonda zamafinya, ndiponso [[zilonda zapakhungu la zawalo za mkati mwathupi|zilonda zapakhungu la ziwalo za mkati mwathupi]].<ref name=WHO2014>{{cite web|title=Leishmaniasis Fact sheet N°375|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs375/en/|work=World Health Organization|accessdate=17 February 2014|date=January 2014}}</ref> Matenda a m'gulu loyambalo amadziwika chifukwa cha kukula kwa zilonda zake, pomwe a m'gulu lachiwirilo amadziwika ndi zilonda zamafinya pakhungu, m'kamwa ndiponso m'phuno, pomwe gulu lomalizalo limadziwika ndi zilonda zapakhungu, kuphwanya thupi, kuchepa kwa masero ofiira m'thupi, ndiponso kutupa kwa kapamba ndi chiwindi.<ref name=WHO2014/><ref name=Barrett2012/> <!-- Cause and diagnosis --> Matendawa amafalitsidwa ndi mitundu yoposa 20 ya tizilombo totchedwa ''[[Leishmania]]''.<ref name=WHO2014/> Zinthu zinanso zimene zimachititsa kuti matendawa afalikire kwambiri ndi umphawi, kusowa kwa zakudya m'thupi, kudula mitengo mwachisawawa ndiponso kuchulukana kwa anthu m'matauni.<ref name=WHO2014/> Madokotala angadziwe ngati munthu ali ndi matendawa, mtundu uliwonse pa mitundu itatu ija, ngati ataunika chilonda cha munthuyo ndi makina oonera zinthu zosaoneka ndi maso kuti aone tizilomboto.<ref name=WHO2014/> Kuwonjezera pamenepa, matenda a zilonda zapakhungu la ziwalo za mkati mwa thupi angadziwike ngati madokotala atayeza magazi a munthu amene akuoneka kuti akudwala.<ref name=Barrett2012/> <!-- Prevention and treatment --> Anthu angapewe matendawa ngati atamagona m'maneti onyikidwa [[m'mankhwala]].<ref name=WHO2014/> Zinthu zinanso zimene zingathandize munthu kupewa matendawa ndi kupopera mankhwala opha tizilombo touluka monga ntchentche, komanso ngati kulandira thandizo lakuchipatala akangoyamba kumene kudwala n'cholinga choti matendawa asafalikire.<ref name=WHO2014/> Madokotala amapereka mankhwala oyenerera kwa wodwala potengera malo amene watengera matendawo, mtundu wa tizilombo ta ''Leishmania'' timene tayambitsa matendawa, komanso mtundu wa matendawo.<ref name=WHO2014/> Ena mwa mankhwala amene amathandiza kuchiza matenda a zilonda zapakhungu la ziwalo za m'kati mwathupi ndi [[liposomal amphotericin B]],<ref name="Sun2013">{{cite journal|last=Sundar|first=S|author2=Chakravarty, J|title=Leishmaniasis: an update of current pharmacotherapy.|journal=Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy|date=Jan 2013|volume=14|issue=1|pages=53–63|pmid=23256501|doi=10.1517/14656566.2013.755515}}</ref> komanso mankhwala a [[pentavalent antimonials]] kuwaphatikiza ndi a [[paromomycin]] , ndi [[Miltefosine]].<ref name=Dor2012>{{cite journal|last=Dorlo|first=TP|author2=Balasegaram, M |author3=Beijnen, JH |author4= de Vries, PJ |title=Miltefosine: a review of its pharmacology and therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of leishmaniasis.|url=https://archive.org/details/journal-antimicrobial-chemotherapy_2012-11_67_11/page/2576|journal=The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy|date=Nov 2012|volume=67|issue=11|pages=2576–97|pmid=22833634|doi=10.1093/jac/dks275}}</ref> Ndipo zilonda zikuluzikulu za pakhungu zingachiritsidwe ndi paromomycin, [[fluconazole]], kapenanso [[pentamidine]].<ref name=Min2007>{{cite journal|last=Minodier|first=P|author2=Parola, P |title=Cutaneous leishmaniasis treatment.|journal=Travel medicine and infectious disease|date=May 2007|volume=5|issue=3|pages=150–8|pmid=17448941|doi=10.1016/j.tmaid.2006.09.004}}</ref> <!-- Epidemiology --> Panopa, pali anthu pafupifupi 12 miliyoni omwe ali ndi matendawa<ref name=Mag>{{cite web|title=Leishmaniasis Magnitude of the problem|url=http://www.who.int/leishmaniasis/burden/magnitude/burden_magnitude/en/index.html|work=World Health Organization|accessdate=17 February 2014}}</ref> m'mayiko okwana 98.<ref name=Barrett2012>{{cite journal|last=Barrett|first=MP|author2=Croft, SL |title=Management of trypanosomiasis and leishmaniasis.|journal=British medical bulletin|year=2012|volume=104|pages=175–96|pmid=23137768|doi=10.1093/bmb/lds031|pmc=3530408}}</ref> Ndipo chaka chilichonse, anthu atsopano okwana pafupifupi 2 miliyoni amatenga matendawa <ref name=Barrett2012/> ndipo anthu oyambira pa 20 mpaka 50 sauzande amamwalira ndi matendawa chaka chilichonse.<ref name=WHO2014/><ref name=Loz2012>{{cite journal|last=Lozano|first=R|title=Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010.|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_the-lancet_december-15-2012-january-4-2013_380_9859/page/2095|journal=Lancet|date=Dec 15, 2012|volume=380|issue=9859|pages=2095–128|pmid=23245604|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61728-0}}</ref> Anthu pafupifupi 200 miliyoni a ku Asia, Africa, South ndi Central America, ndiponso m'mayiko ena a kummwera kwa Ulaya akukhala m'madera amene matendawa ndi ofala.<ref name=Barrett2012/><ref>{{cite journal|last=Ejazi|first=SA|author2=Ali, N |title=Developments in diagnosis and treatment of visceral leishmaniasis during the last decade and future prospects.|journal=Expert review of anti-infective therapy|date=Jan 2013|volume=11|issue=1|pages=79–98|pmid=23428104|doi=10.1586/eri.12.148}}</ref> [[Bungwe Loona za Umoyo Padziko Lonsen]] limagula mankhwala a matendawa pa mtengo wotsikirapo n'cholinga choti anthu omwe akudwala azilandira thandizo mosavuta.<ref name=Barrett2012/> Nthawi zina matendawa amatha kugwira zinyama zosiyanasiyana, monga [[agalu]], [[makoswe, mbewa, mbira]], ndi zina zotero.<ref name=WHO2014/> ==Malifalensi== <references /> d4f8evg2k580vly1y5p4jxpyq03dys0