Wikipedia pamwiki https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pun_Bulung MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.10 first-letter Media Special Talk User User talk Wikipedia Wikipedia talk File File talk MediaWiki MediaWiki talk Template Template talk Help Help talk Category Category talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk Template:Infobox Country/doc 10 7025 313126 296775 2026-07-14T00:47:15Z ~2026-39581-27 25061 Lalako la ngan deng laman ning bulung 313126 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 313127 313126 2026-07-14T00:47:33Z ~2026-39581-27 25061 313127 wikitext text/x-wiki Loc 730yowsgk6445oz062kkzrt6lxmdjpm 313128 313127 2026-07-14T00:49:26Z ~2026-39471-48 25063 313128 wikitext text/x-wiki LocPlace ez66qwoqdx6x6yoej9ygre7dqjp57na Vaucluse 0 7764 313133 312220 2026-07-14T08:37:51Z InternetArchiveBot 18050 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 313133 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox_Department_of_France| department=Vaucluse|number=84| region=[[Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur]]| prefecture=[[Avignon]]| subprefectures=[[Apt, Vaucluse|Apt]]<br />[[Carpentras]]| population=499,685|pop_date=1999|pop_rank=50th|density=140| area=3567|area_scale=9| arrond=3|cantons=24|communes=151| president=[[Claude Haut]]|pres_party=| img_coa=blason_vaucluse.gif| }} {{otheruses}} Ing '''Vaucluse''' [[Provençal]] [[Occitan]]: ''Vauclusa'' keng classical a pangasabi''Vau-Cluso'' king Mistralian pangasabi) metung yang French [[Ding Departamentu ning France|departamentu]], king maulingaslagan ning [[France]]. == Lawen ya rin == * [[Canton in France|Canton]] of [[Valréas]]/([[Enclave des Papes]]) * [[Cantons of the Vaucluse department]] * [[Communes of the Vaucluse department]] * [[Arrondissements of the Vaucluse department]] == Suglung Palwal == * {{fr}} [http://www.cg84.fr/ Website of the General Council] {{Wayback|url=http://www.cg84.fr/ |date=20010202022100 }} * {{fr}} [http://www.vaucluse.pref.gouv.fr/ Prefecture website] * {{fr}} [http://www.images-en-vaucluse.fr/ Discover the Vaucluse with pictures...] {{Wayback|url=http://www.images-en-vaucluse.fr/ |date=20090205140123 }} * {{en}} [http://www.france-voyage.com/travel-guide/vaucluse.htm Vaucluse Tourism Guide] {{Wayback|url=http://www.france-voyage.com/travel-guide/vaucluse.htm |date=20070928011444 }} {{Departments of France}} [[Category:1793 establishments]] [[Category:Vaucluse|*]] aoxu6ek7br60npn0u6k1sdnvm0hclph Global Positioning System 0 13648 313129 311766 2026-07-14T02:52:46Z InternetArchiveBot 18050 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 313129 wikitext text/x-wiki {| style="float:right;" |[[File:GPS Satellite NASA art-iif.jpg|center|thumb|Ing panimanman ning metung a talagulis (''artist's conception'') keng GPS satellite a dudurut king yatu]] |- |[[File:NAVSTAR GPS logo shield-official.jpg|left|90px]][[File:50th Space Wing.png|right|90px]] |- |[[File:Magellan GPS Blazer12.jpg|center|thumb|Metung a civilian GPS receiver ("[[GPS navigation device]]") a magagamit king dayatmalat.]] |- |[[File:KyotoTaxiRide.jpg|center|thumb|Ing [[automotive navigation system]] king metung a taxi.]] |- |[[File:GPS on smartphone cycling.JPG|thumb|right|Magagamit no kareng dakal a cellphone deng GPS receiver.]] |} Ing '''Global Positioning System (GPS)''' metung yang [[:en:global navigation satellite system|sistema ning pamaglayag a pangyatung gagamit satellite (global navigation satellite system)]] (GNSS) a ayalkus ning [[United States Department of Defense]], at panibalan ning [[United States Air Force]] [[50th Space Wing]]. Ya kabud ganap a gaganang [[GNSS]] king yatu, maliari yang gamitang timawa ampong alang bayad, at maras, magsilbi ya kareng sibilian king pamaglayag. Gagamit yang [[Satellite constellation|constellation]] da reng pilatan ning 24 ampng [[satellite]] a [[Medium Earth Orbit]] a magparalang eksaktung senias a [[microwave]], a sasaup kareng [[GPS navigation device|GPS receiver]] a mangarcula king salukuyan dang [[:en:geographic location|pusisiun o kabilian]], ing oras, ampo ing karelang bilis o salusu (''velocity''). Ing opisial nang lagiu, '''NAVSTAR GPS'''. Lipat ning e ya acronym ing NAVSTAR,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aero.org/publications/crosslink/summer2002/01.html |title=Charting a Course Toward Global Navigation |publisher=The Aerospace Corporation |author=Steven R. Strom |accessdate=2008-06-27 |archivedate=2002-11-01 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20021101215923/http://www.aero.org/publications/crosslink/summer2002/01.html }}</ref> melalang la reng mapilan a [[:en:backronym]] para kaniti.<ref>[http://www.abbreviations.com/NAVSTAR What does NAVSTAR stand for?<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> Manibat aniang ganap deng pepagana aniang 1993, meging maleparan ing pamangamit ning GPS antimong [[radio navigation|saup king pamaglayag]] king mabilug a yatu, ampong metung a maulagang kasangkapan king [[:en:cartography|pamangawang mapa]], pamaniukad gabun, negosiu, gamit a pang-siensia, ampong ''hobby'' antimong [[:en:geocaching]]. Bukud kaniti, magsilbi ya ing saktung [[:en:time transfer|time reference]] kareng dakal a pigagamitan, alimbawa ing sientipicung pamanigaral kareng [[ayun]]. Metung ya muring maulagang pamangailangan king [[:en:synchronization|pamiagnan-agnan]] da reng ''cellular network'', anti ing [[Qualcomm]] [[CDMA2000|CDMA]] ''air interface'' a gagamitan da reng dakal a ''wireless carriers'' kareng miayaliwang bangsa.{{cn|date=November 2008}} == Lon la murin deti == {{nautical portal}} <div style="-moz-column-count:2; column-count:2;"> * [[:en:Assisted GPS]] (A-GPS) * [[:en:Automotive navigation system]] * [[Bluetooth]] * [[:en:Bowditch's American Practical Navigator|The American Practical Navigator - Chapter 11 ''Satellite Navigation'']] * [[:en:Degree Confluence Project]] - use GPS to visit integral degrees of latitude and longitude * [[:en:Exif]] - GPS data transfer format * [[:en:Geocaching]] * [[:en:Geotagging]] * [[:en:GPS drawing]] * [[:en:GPS navigation software]] * [[:en:GPS signals]] * [[:en:GPS tracking]] * [[:en:GPS/INS]] * [[:en:GPX (data transfer)]] - [[XML schema]] for interchange of waypoints * [[:en:GSM localization]] * [[:en:Height Modernization]] * [[:en:High Sensitivity GPS]] * [[:en:ID Sniper rifle]] * [[:en:List of inventions by the military that are now in mass use]] * [[:en:LORAN]] * [[:en:Next Generation Air Transportation System]] * [[:en:OpenStreetMap]] - free content maps and street pictures * [[:en:Plate Boundary Observatory]] * [[:en:Point of interest]] * [[:en:Radio navigation]] * [[:en:RAIM]] * [[:en:SIGI]] * [[:en:Skyhook Wireless]] - Wi-Fi Positioning System * [[:en:Telematics]] - many telematics devices use GPS to determine the location of mobile equipment * [[:en:Trilateration]] </div> == Dalerayan == {{reflist|colwidth=30em}} <!--See [[Wikipedia:Footnotes]] for an explanation of how to generate footnotes using the <ref(erences/)> tags--> == Suglung palual == <!--┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐--> <!--│ Pakitukian me ing patakaran ning Wikipedia kareng suglung palual, │--> <!--│ a atiu king bulung a WP:EL. │--> <!--│ Nung atin kang suglung a buri mung idagdag, pakigamitan me king pamisabi-sabi │--> <!--│ ba mung isplica nung bakit kailangan yang iyabe king articulu. │--> <!--│ Nung daptan mu iti, aintindian da reng aliwang manambag ing kekang gagawan, │--> <!--│ at e la muli kareng pamaniubli (''revert'') deng kekong e pamikaintindi . │--> <!-- <!--│ Please follow Wikipedia policy on external links, │--> <!--│ which can be found on the page WP:EL. │--> <!--│ If you have a link that you want added please use the talk page │--> <!--│ to explain why you feel it should be included in the article. │--> <!--│ Doing so will let other editors understand what you are doing │--> <!--│ and will prevent misunderstandings from turning into reverts. │--> <!-- └────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘--> <div class="references-2column"> === Suglung a pang-kapamahalan === * [http://www.gps.gov/ GPS.gov] — General public education website created by the U.S. Government * [http://pnt.gov/ National Space-Based PNT Executive Committee]—Established in 2004 to oversee management of GPS and GPS augmentations at a national level. * [http://www.navcen.uscg.gov/gps/default.htm USCG Navigation Center] {{Wayback|url=http://www.navcen.uscg.gov/gps/default.htm |date=20051024000713 }}—Status of the GPS constellation, government policy, and links to other references. Also includes satellite [[almanac]] data. * [http://gps.afspc.af.mil/gpsoc/ Air Force Space Command GPS Operations Center homepage] {{Wayback|url=http://gps.afspc.af.mil/gpsoc/ |date=20061114044246 }} * [http://gps.losangeles.af.mil/ The GPS Program Office (GPS Wing)] {{Wayback|url=http://gps.losangeles.af.mil/ |date=20090502150818 }}—Responsible for designing and acquiring the system on behalf of the US Government. * U.S. Naval Observatory's [http://tycho.usno.navy.mil/gpscurr.html GPS constellation status] {{Wayback|url=http://tycho.usno.navy.mil/gpscurr.html |date=20130222020139 }} * U.S. Army Corps of Engineers manual: [http://www.usace.army.mil/publications/eng-manuals/em1110-1-1003/toc.htm NAVSTAR HTML] {{Wayback|url=http://www.usace.army.mil/publications/eng-manuals/em1110-1-1003/toc.htm |date=20080822132227 }} and [http://www.usace.army.mil/publications/eng-manuals/em1110-1-1003/entire.pdf PDF (22.6 MB, 328 pages)] {{Wayback|url=http://www.usace.army.mil/publications/eng-manuals/em1110-1-1003/entire.pdf |date=20080625111519 }} * [http://pnt.gov/public/sa/ PNT Selective Availability Announcements] * [http://www.afit.edu/cse/cases.cfm?case=17&a=detail Global Positioning System Systems Engineering Case Study (A detailed history of GPS development)] {{Wayback|url=http://www.afit.edu/cse/cases.cfm?case=17&a=detail |date=20081025233235 }} * Federal Aviation Administration's [http://www.faa.gov/about/office_org/headquarters_offices/ato/service_units/techops/navservices/gnss/faq/gps/ GPS FAQ] === Suglung ning pamipakilala/pamanuru === * {{HSW|38-how-gps-works-video|How GPS Works}} * GPS Academy [http://www.garmin.com/gpsacademy/ Garmin interactive video web site explaing what exactly GPS is and what it can do for you] {{Wayback|url=http://www.garmin.com/gpsacademy/ |date=20090602031543 }}. * Integraph's Geomedia [http://www.geomedia.com.ua/ GIS education, GPS dictionary] {{Wayback|url=http://www.geomedia.com.ua/ |date=20090207052757 }} * GPS Basics [http://www.u-blox.com/customersupport/tutorial.html / u-blox GPS basics tutorial] {{Wayback|url=http://www.u-blox.com/customersupport/tutorial.html |date=20090311005728 }} * [http://www.outdoorhighadventure.com/gear/gps.htm Differences and Features of handheld GPSs] * [http://rhp.detmich.com/gps.html GPS and GLONASS Simulation]([[Java applet]]) Simulation and graphical depiction of space vehicle motion including computation of dilution of precision (DOP) * How does GPS work? [http://www.tomtom.com/howdoesitwork/ TomTom explains GPS, navigation, and digital maps] * What is Vehicle Tracking? [http://www.chameleondirect.com/vehicle-tracking-guide Chameleon explains GPS' relation to Vehicle Tracking and Vehicle Tracking Systems] {{Wayback|url=http://www.chameleondirect.com/vehicle-tracking-guide |date=20090603075348 }} * How does eGPS work? [http://www.csr.com/egps/ CSR's online tutorial] {{Wayback|url=http://www.csr.com/egps/ |date=20090619003634 }} introduces the concept and principles of enhanced GPS techniques to improve A-GPS performance and provide indoor positioning * HowStuffWorks [http://www.howstuffworks.com/gps.htm Simplified explanation of GPS] and [http://videos.howstuffworks.com/howstuffworks/38-how-gps-works-video.htm video about how GPS works]. * Trimble's [http://www.trimble.com/gps/ Online GPS Tutorial] {{Wayback|url=http://www.trimble.com/gps/ |date=20090717000852 }} Tutorial designed to introduce you to the principles behind GPS === Suglung kareng paksang tecnical, pangkasalesayan, ampong paniaup === * [http://whereis.crosscity.com/ The WhereAmI Project] {{Wayback|url=http://whereis.crosscity.com/ |date=20080913193615 }} — The WhereAmI Project. Personal Location Tracking and Publishing Service. * [http://pnt.gov/public/docs/2008-SPSPS.pdf GPS SPS Performance Standard] — The official Standard Positioning Service specification (2008 version). * [http://gps.afspc.af.mil/gpsoc/documents/GPS_Signal_Spec.pdf GPS SPS Performance Standard]{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} — The official Standard Positioning Service specification (2001 version). * [http://gps.afspc.af.mil/gpsoc/documents/PPS_PS_Signed_Final_23_Feb_07.pdf GPS PPS Performance Standard] {{Wayback|url=http://gps.afspc.af.mil/gpsoc/documents/PPS_PS_Signed_Final_23_Feb_07.pdf |date=20091224204720 }} — The official Precise Positioning Service specification. * Dana, Peter H. [http://www.colorado.edu/geography/gcraft/notes/gps/gps_f.html "Global Positioning System Overview"] * [http://paul.luminos.nl/documents/show_document.php?d=6 Satellite Navigation: GPS & Galileo (PDF)] {{Wayback|url=http://paul.luminos.nl/documents/show_document.php?d=6 |date=20181215172521 }}—16-page paper about the history and working of GPS, touching on the upcoming Galileo * [http://www.astronautix.com/project/navstar.htm History of GPS], including information about each satellite's configuration and launch. * Chadha, Kanwar. [http://netlab18.cis.nctu.edu.tw/html/paper/2001_11_06/Challenges%20in%20bringing%20GPS%20to%20Mainstream%20Consumers.pdf "The Global Positioning System: Challenges in Bringing GPS to Mainstream Consumers"] {{Wayback|url=http://netlab18.cis.nctu.edu.tw/html/paper/2001_11_06/Challenges%20in%20bringing%20GPS%20to%20Mainstream%20Consumers.pdf |date=20091224204719 }} Technical Article (1998) * [http://www.defense-update.com/products/g/gps-guidance.htm GPS Weapon Guidance Techniques] * [http://www.rand.org/pubs/monograph_reports/MR614/MR614.appb.pdf RAND history of the GPS (PDF)] * [http://www.gpsclues.com/ GPS-guided educational experience based on the history of a location] * [http://www.defense-update.com/products/g/gps-aj.htm GPS Anti-Jam Protection Techniques] * [http://www.aero.org/publications/crosslink/summer2002/index.html Crosslink] {{Wayback|url=http://www.aero.org/publications/crosslink/summer2002/index.html |date=20120125065043 }} Summer 2002 issue by [[The Aerospace Corporation]] on satellite navigation. * [http://www.ucar.edu/communications/staffnotes/0409/cosmic.html Improved weather predictions from COSMIC GPS satellite signal occultation data] {{Wayback|url=http://www.ucar.edu/communications/staffnotes/0409/cosmic.html |date=20100527213459 }}. * [http://users.erols.com/dlwilson/gps.htm David L. Wilson's GPS Accuracy Web Page] {{Wayback|url=http://users.erols.com/dlwilson/gps.htm |date=20100504085611 }} A thorough analysis of the accuracy of GPS. * [http://www.gpsworld.com/gpsworld/article/articleDetail.jsp?id=317554 Innovation: Spacecraft Navigator, Autonomous GPS Positioning at High Earth Orbits] {{Wayback|url=http://www.gpsworld.com/gpsworld/article/articleDetail.jsp?id=317554 |date=20090213162550 }} Example of GPS receiver designed for high altitude spaceflight. * [http://techtransfer.gsfc.nasa.gov/ft-tech-GPS-NAVIGATOR.html The Navigator GPS Receiver] {{Wayback|url=http://techtransfer.gsfc.nasa.gov/ft-tech-GPS-NAVIGATOR.html |date=20100102000605 }} GSFC's Navigator spaceflight receiver. * Neil Ashby's [http://relativity.livingreviews.org/Articles/lrr-2003-1/ Relativity in the Global Positioning System] * Ralph Bucher's Hyperbolic Positioning Algorithm [http://ralph.bucher.home.att.net/project.pdf] {{Wayback|url=http://ralph.bucher.home.att.net/project.pdf |date=20091224204719 }} * [http://www.mobilgistix.com/Resources/GIS/Locations/average-latitude-longitude-countries.aspx Average Latitude & Longitude of Countries] {{Wayback|url=http://www.mobilgistix.com/Resources/GIS/Locations/average-latitude-longitude-countries.aspx |date=20100619203051 }} * [http://www.ingenia.org.uk/ingenia/articles.aspx?Index=473 A look at the future of GPS, ''Ingenia'' magazine, March 2008] {{Wayback|url=http://www.ingenia.org.uk/ingenia/articles.aspx?Index=473 |date=20110811140501 }}. </div> {{commons}} {{Satellite navigation systems}} {{TimeSig}} {{Systems}} {{Flight instruments}} {{CarDesign nav}} {{Aircraft components}} {{aviation lists}} [[Category:Aerospace engineering]] [[Category:Articles with separate introductions]] [[Category:Avionics]] [[Category:Command and control]] [[Category:Geodesy]] [[Category:Geographical technology]] [[Category:GPS| ]] [[Category:Hiking equipment]] [[Category:Missile guidance]] [[Category:Navigation]] [[Category:Navigational equipment]] [[Category:Nuclear command and control]] [[Category:Outdoor locating games]] [[Category:Radio navigation]] [[Category:Surveying]] [[Category:Technology systems]] [[Category:Weapon guidance]] [[Category:Wireless locating]] [[Category:American inventions]] 117c3gsjbo01acfm3d8f69w1i47cp3i Angina pectoris 0 14896 313125 298324 2026-07-13T23:39:55Z InternetArchiveBot 18050 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 313125 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Dablink|Ining articulung iti tungkul ya keng pangaskup ning [[salu]] pauli ning kulang keng angin a oxygen keng pusu. Para keng ''angina tonsillaris'' lawen ya ing [[tonsillitis]]. Para kareng pamangalbag (infection) dareng mangalambut a tissues na ninglalam ning asbuk, lawen ya ing [[Ludwig's angina]]. }} {{Refimprove|date=November 2007}} {{Infobox disease | Name = Angina pectoris | Image = | Caption = | DiseasesDB = 8695 | ICD10 = {{ICD10|I|20||i|20}} | ICD9 = {{ICD9|413}} | ICDO = | OMIM = | MedlinePlus = | eMedicineSubj = med | eMedicineTopic = 133 | MeshID = D000787 }} Ing '''Angina pectoris''', pangkaraniwan kebaluan bilang '''angina''', metung yang matinding [[pamangaskup ning salu]]<ref name="urlMerckMedicus : Dorlands Medical Dictionary">{{cite web |url=http://merckmedicus.com/pp/us/hcp/thcp_dorlands_content_split.jsp?pg=/ppdocs/us/common/dorlands/drlnd/one_04/000004934.htm#000004934 |title=MerckMedicus : Dorland's Medical Dictionary |format= |work= |accessdate=2009-01-09 |archivedate=2009-05-19 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090519053511/http://merckmedicus.com/pp/us/hcp/thcp_dorlands_content_split.jsp?pg=/ppdocs/us/common/dorlands/drlnd/one_04/000004934.htm#000004934 }}</ref> pauli ning [[ischemia]] (pamgkulang a daya ampong [[angin a oxygen]]) keng [[myocardium|kalamnan ning pusu]], keraklan uli ning pangabara o ilab o pulikat da reng [[coronary circulation|coronary arteries]] (ing pidadalanan daya ning pusu). [[Coronary artery disease (sakit keng uyat pusu)]], iya ing pekapun a sangkan ning angina, uli ning [[atherosclerosis]] da ring [[cardiac arteries]]. Ing kataya menibat ya keng [[Greek language|Greek]] ''ankhon'' ("pamanyakal") ampo keng [[Latin]] ''pectus'' ("salu"), inya maliari yang ilikas bilang "pamanyakal a pakiramdam keng salu". Deng sisikan a ("crescendo") sumpung keng angina, biglang-sumpung ning angina kabang makapainawa, ampong angina magluat maiggit 15 minutus ila reng palatandanan na ning ''unstable angina'' (keraklan makalupung la kareng milulupang kabilian bilang [[acute coronary syndrome]]). Deti mabilang la bilang [[myocardial infarction]] (a ataki keng pusu), mangailangan lang agadagad a lawe ning doctor a t keraklan mabibilang lang [[ataki keng pusu]]. ==Dalerayan== {{reflist|2}} ==Major studies== *[http://www.adalat.com/professionals-home/research/action-trial/ Information on ACTION - A Coronary Disease Trial Investigating Outcome with Nifedipine GITS in Patients with chronic stable angina pectoris] {{Wayback|url=http://www.adalat.com/professionals-home/research/action-trial/ |date=20070904053102 }} ==Suglung Palual== *[http://www.bhf.org.uk/hearthealth/index.asp?secondlevel=77&thirdlevel=353&artID=434 British Heart Foundation - Angina] {{Wayback|url=http://www.bhf.org.uk/hearthealth/index.asp?secondlevel=77&thirdlevel=353&artID=434 |date=20170202233647 }} *[http://www.hipsknees.info/flash31/ypo.swf Angina Pectoris Animation Video 3D] {{Wayback|url=http://www.hipsknees.info/flash31/ypo.swf |date=20110221011444 }} *[http://wiki.medpedia.com/Angina_Pectoris Medpedia: Angina Pectoris] {{Wayback|url=http://wiki.medpedia.com/Angina_Pectoris |date=20100918191510 }} [[Category:Ischemic heart diseases]] [[Category:Cardiology]] ov0mwt0ow7409t5ji1v14opai2908qr Leung Chun-ying 0 18049 313132 311366 2026-07-14T04:52:07Z InternetArchiveBot 18050 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 313132 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Chinese name|[[Leung (surname)|Leung]]}} {{Infobox officeholder |honorific-prefix=<small>Kagalang-galang</small><br> |name=Leung Chun-ying |honorific-suffix=<br><small>[[Grand Bauhinia Medal|GBM]], [[Gold Bauhinia Star|GBS]], [[Justice of the Peace|JP]]</small> |native_name = 梁振英 |native_name_lang = Chinese |image=CYLeung.jpg |office = 3rd [[Pekapun Talapaganap ning Hong Kong]] |term_start = 1 Julio 2012 |predecessor= [[Donald Tsang]] |majority=57.4% ([[Hong Kong Chief Executive election, 2012|2012]]) |office1=Convenor of the [[Executive Council of Hong Kong|Executive Council]] |term_start1=1 Julio 1999 |term_end1=3 Octubre 2011 |predecessor1=[[Chung Sze-yuen]] |successor1=[[Ronald Arculli]] |appointed1=[[Tung Chee-hwa]]<br>[[Donald Tsang|Sir Donald Tsang]] |office2=Member of the [[Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference|CPPCC]] |term2=10th CPPCC<br>11th CPPCC |term_start2=2003 |term_end2=21 Junio 2012 |alma_mater=[[King's College (Hong Kong)|King's College]]<br>[[Hong Kong Polytechnic University]]<br>[[University of the West of England|Bristol Polytechnic]] |blank1=Honorary Degree |data1=[[Doctor of Business Administration|DBA]] ([[Hong Kong Polytechnic University|PolyU]])<br>PhD in Business Administration ([[University of the West of England|UWE]]) |nationality=[[Nationality Law of the People's Republic of China#Hong Kong|Chinese]] |occupation=[[Chartered Surveyor]] |birth_date={{Birth date and age|1954|8|12|df=y}} |spouse=Regina Tong Ching-yi |children=Leung Chuen-yan<br>Leung Chai-yan<br>Leung Chung-yan }} {{Chinese|title=CY Leung|c=梁振英|p=Liáng Zhènyīng|mi={{IPAc-cmn|l|iang|2|-|zh|en|4|ying|1}}|j=Loeng4 Zan3 Jing1|y=Lèuhng Janyīng|hide=no}} I '''Leung Chun-ying''' <small>[[Grand Bauhinia Medal|GBM]], [[Gold Bauhinia Star|GBS]], [[Justice of the Peace|JP]]</small> (mibait 12 Agosto 1954), a keraklan awsang dang '''CY Leung''', ing [[Pekapun Talapaganap ning Hong Kong|Pekapun Talapaganap]] (''Chief Executive'') ampong [[Sanggunian Talapaganap ning Hong Kong|Pamuntuk ning Sanggunian Talapaganap]] (''President of the Executive Council'') ning [[Hong Kong]]. Milukluk ya anyang 1 Julio 2012<ref name=LCY-E-01>{{cite web|url=http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052702304636404577302602761238734.html |title=Leung Chun-Ying Wins Hong Kong Election |publisher=online.wsj.com |accessdate=25 March 2012}}</ref><ref name=LCY-E-02>{{cite web|url=http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-03-25/leung-projected-to-defeat-tang-in-hong-kong-chief-executive-race.html |title=Leung Wins Hong Kong Leader Contest With Double Tang’s Votes |publisher=Bloomberg |accessdate=25 March 2012}}</ref>. Kayanib ya king grupung [[pro-Beijing]] king pulitikang Hong Kong i Leung, a Convenor ning Sanggunian Talapaganap (''Executive Council'') angga king kayang pamagtabili o pamagdimitir o pamakalag anyang Setiembre 2011.<ref name="alum">{{cite web |url=http://www.bre.polyu.edu.hk/publications/alumni/Alumni06.pdf |title=BRE_Alumni_txt.pm |format=PDF |accessdate=22 May 2011 |archivedate=11 September 2011 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110911044712/http://www.bre.polyu.edu.hk/publications/alumni/Alumni06.pdf }}</ref><ref>[http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/hkedition/2011-09/21/content_13744901.htm]</ref> ==Lon la murin== {{Portalbox|Hong Kong|Biography}} * [[First term of CY Leung as Chief Executive of Hong Kong]] * [[Politics of Hong Kong]] ==Dalerayan== {{reflist|colwidth=30em}} ==Suglung palwal== * [http://www.cyleung.hk/en/ Official website] {{Wayback|url=http://www.cyleung.hk/en/ |date=20090810101020 }} {{S-start}} {{S-off}} {{S-bef|before=[[Chung Sze-yuen]]}} {{S-ttl|title = Convenor of the [[Executive Council of Hong Kong|Executive Council]]|years = 1999–2011}} {{s-aft|after=[[Ronald Arculli]]}} {{S-bef|before=[[Donald Tsang]]}} {{S-ttl|title = [[Chief Executive of Hong Kong]]|years = 1 July 2012 – present}} {{s-inc}} {{S-prec}} {{s-new|first}} {{S-ttl|title=[[Hong Kong order of precedence]]<br><small>''Chief Executive''</small>}} {{S-aft|after=[[Geoffrey Ma]]<br><small>''Chief Justice of the Court of Final Appeal''</small>}} {{s-bef|before = [[Nur Bekri]]<br/><small>''Chairman of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region''</small>}} {{s-ttl|title = [[Political position ranking of the People's Republic of China|People's Republic of China order of precedence]]<br/><small>''Chief Executive of Hong Kong SAR''</small>}} {{s-aft|after = [[Fernando Chui]]<br/><small>''Chief Executive of Macau SAR''</small>}} {{S-end}} {{Hong Kong Chief Executive}} {{HKExco}} <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. --> {{DEFAULTSORT:Leung, Chun-ying}} [[Category:1954 kebaitan]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Hong Kong entrepreneurs]] [[Category:Chief Executives of Hong Kong]] [[Category:Hong Kong members of the CPPCC National Committee of the People's Republic of China]] [[Category:Alumni of the Hong Kong Polytechnic University]] [[Category:Recipients of the Grand Bauhinia Medal]] 2zsogd2qeo1p9tbbnbuqntzr6b75kuq Hezbollah 0 19097 313130 306032 2026-07-14T03:16:09Z InternetArchiveBot 18050 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 313130 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox political party | party_name = Hezbollah | party_logo = [[File:Hezbollah Flag.jpg|200px|Bandera ning Hezbolla]]<br/>[[Flag of Hezbollah]] | leader = [[Hassan Nasrallah]] | foundation = 1985 (officially) | ideology = [[Shia Islam|Shia]] [[Islamism]]{{-}}[[Anti-imperialism]]<ref>{{cite book|last=Elie Alagha|first=Joseph|title=Hizbullah's Documents: From the 1985 Open Letter to the 2009 Manifesto|year=2011|publisher=Amsterdam University Press|isbn=9085550378|pages=15, 20|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=b0ntL1fUi8kC&lpg=PA20&dq=Anti%20imperialism%20Hezbollah&pg=PA15#v=onepage&q&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Shehata|first=Samer|title=Islamist Politics in the Middle East: Movements and Change|year=2012|publisher=Routledge|isbn=0415783615|page=176|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=hhl_E-XAeLYC&lpg=PA176&dq=Anti%20imperialism%20Hezbollah&pg=PA176#v=onepage&q&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Husseinia*|first=Rola El|title=Hezbollah and the Axis of Refusal: Hamas, Iran and Syria|journal=Third World Quarterly|year=2010|volume= 31,|issue= 5,|url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01436597.2010.502695}}</ref>{{-}}[[Anti-Zionism]] | religion = [[Shia Islam]] | nationality = [[Lebanon|Lebanese]] | website = See [[#External links|List of official sites]]. | colours = Yellow, Green | colorcode = {{Hezbollah/meta/color}} | seats1_title = [[Parliament of Lebanon]] | seats1 = {{Infobox political party/seats|12|128|hex=#F7DF19}} | seats2_title = [[Lebanese government of June 2011|Cabinet of Lebanon]] | seats2 = {{Infobox political party/seats|2|30|hex=#F7DF19}} | country = Lebanon }} Ing '''Hezbollah''' ({{lang-ar|حزب الله}} ''{{transl|ar|DIN|Ḥizbu 'llāh}}'', literal a kabaldugan, "Partidu nang [[Allah]]" o "Partidu ning [[Dios]]") — malyari mu namang [[Romanization of Arabic|transliterated]] '''Hizbullah''', '''Hizballah''', etc.<ref>deng aliwang [[Romanization of Arabic|transliteration]] kayabe ya ing '''Hizbollah''', '''Hezballah''', '''Hisbollah''', '''Hizbu'llah''' ampong '''Hizb [[Allah]]'''.</ref> — metung yang grupung militanting Muslim a [[Shia|Shi'a]] ampong [[Loyalty to the Resistance Bloc|partidung pulitikal]] a makabasi king [[Lebanon]].<ref name="HG20Ak02">{{cite web |url=http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Middle_East/HG20Ak02.html |title=Hezbollah's transformation |first=Dahr |last=Jamail |publisher=Asia Times |date=July 20, 2006 |accessdate=October 23, 2007 |archivedate=January 25, 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190125233708/http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Middle_East/HG20Ak02.html }}</ref><ref name="rt">[http://rt.com/Politics/2010-07-08/tweet-editor-internet-inquisition.html?fullstory A Tweet too far: US editor latest victim of Internet Inquisition]. RT. Retrieved on October 19, 2010.</ref><ref name="CFR">{{cite web|url=http://www.cfr.org/publication/9155/hezbollah.html?breadcrumb=%2F|title=Hezbollah (a.k.a. Hizbollah, Hizbu'llah)|publisher=[[Council on Foreign Relations]]|date=September 13, 2008|accessdate=September 15, 2008|archivedate=September 13, 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080913091527/http://www.cfr.org/publication/9155/hezbollah.html?breadcrumb=%2F}}</ref> Tatanggap yang saup a pampulitika ampong pinansyal king [[Iran]] ampong [[Syria]], at ing dake nang [[paramilitary]] tuturing deng [[pangimut a pangresistensya]]king mabilug a yatung [[Arabu]] ampong [[Muslim world|Muslim]].<ref name="HG20Ak02"/> Para kareng kapamahalan ning Estados Unidos,<ref>{{cite w|paramilitary web|title=Designation of Kata'ib Hizballah as a Foreign Terrorist Organization|url=http://www.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2009/july/125582.htm|publisher=Bureau of Public Affairs, Office of the Spokesman|accessdate=12 March 2013|author=James B. Steinberg}}</ref> ing Netherlands,<ref>Norman, Lawrence and Gordon Fairclough. [http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10000872396390444273704577637324167941662.html "Pressure Mounts for EU to Put Hezbollah on Terror List."] ''Wall Street Journal''. 7 September 2012. 3 November 2012.</ref><ref>Kreiger, Hilary Leila and Benjamin Weinthal. [http://www.jpost.com/International/Article.aspx?id=289437 "US official urges EU to name Hezbollah 'terrorists.'] ''Jerusalem Post''. 26 October 2012. 3 November 2012.</ref><ref>[http://www.jta.org/news/article/2012/09/06/3106121/dutch-fm-urges-eu-to-place-hezbollah-on-terror-group-list "Dutch FM urges EU to place Hezbollah on terror group list."]{{Dead link|date=April 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} ''JTA''. 6 September 2012. 3 November 2012.</ref><ref>Muriel Asseraf, [http://www.ajc.org/site/apps/nl/content2.asp?c=ijITI2PHKoG&b=1323269&ct=4490703#_ftnref5 Prospects for Adding Hezbollah to the EU Terrorist List] {{Wayback|url=http://www.ajc.org/site/apps/nl/content2.asp?c=ijITI2PHKoG&b=1323269&ct=4490703#_ftnref5 |date=20110211111441 }}, September 2007</ref> Bahrain,<ref name="JPostBahrain">{{cite news|title=Bahrain’s parliament declares Hezbollah a terrorist group|publisher=Jerusalem Post |url=http://www.jpost.com/International/Bahrains-parliament-declares-Hezbollah-a-terrorist-group-307806 |date=March 26, 2013}}</ref><ref name="bahrain" /><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/11/06/us-bahrain-bombs-hezbollah-idUSBRE8A512A20121106 |title=Bahrain arrests bombing suspects and blames Hezbollah |work=Reuters |date=November 6, 2012}}</ref> France,<ref>http://www.algemeiner.com/2013/04/04/jewish-leaders-applaud-hezbollah-terror-designation-by-france</ref> U.K., Australia, Canada, ampong Israel, metung yang aguman o organisasyun a terorista ing Hezbollah, king kabilugan o metung a dake na niti.<ref>{{cite news|first=Renata|last=Goldirova|title=MEPs call on EU states to list Hezbollah as terrorist group |work=[[EUobserver]]|url=http://euobserver.com/justice/26754|date=September 17, 2008|accessdate=August 6, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{citation |title=Hezbollah, the Party of Terror. Why should be included in the EU terrorist list |work=[[Friends of Israel Initiative]] |url=http://www.friendsofisraelinitiative.org/uploads/papers/pdf/FOI_Paper8_v1.pdf |date=October 5, 2012 |accessdate=April 29, 2013 |archivedate=May 1, 2013 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130501194833/http://www.friendsofisraelinitiative.org/uploads/papers/pdf/FOI_Paper8_v1.pdf }}</ref> Aisipan deng itikdo deng paring Muslim, at pinonduan ne ning Iran kaybat ning pamanyakup ning Israel king Lebanon anyang 1982, at mitátag ya bayu ing sabla bang lumaban king pamanyakup ning Israel.<ref name="bbc-hi-me">{{cite news|title=Who are Hezbollah|publisher=BBC News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/4314423.stm |date=May 21, 2008|accessdate=August 15, 2008}}</ref> Kinangwa lang inspirasyun deng kayang pekapun kang [[Ruhollah Khomeini|Ayatollah Khomeini]], at senayan nala at inorganisa ning metung a tropa da reng [[Army of the Guardians of the Islamic Revolution|Iranian Revolutionary Guards]].<ref name="nybooks">{{cite web|url=http://www.nybooks.com/articles/17060|title= In Search of Hezbollah|author=Adam Shatz|publisher=[[The New York Review of Books]]|date=April 29, 2004|accessdate=August 14, 2006}}</ref> |url=http://books.google.com/?id=CG-AjU3rraQC&pg=PA70}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |title=Terrorism Financing and State Responses |first=Jeanne |last=Giraldo |publisher=[[Stanford University]] Press |year=2007 |isbn=978-0-8047-5565-8}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=US Treasury takes action against Hezbollah funders|url=http://www.jpost.com/International/US-Treasury-takes-new-action-against-Hezbollah-funders-310871|publisher=[[Jerusalem Post]]|date=April 24, 2013}}</ref> ==Dalerayan== {{Reflist|30em}} ==Karagdagang babasan== ;''Libru'' *{{Cite book|author=[[Joseph Alagha]]|year=2006|title=The Shifts in Hizbullah's Ideology: Religious Ideology, Political Ideology|publisher=Amsterdam University Press|isbn=90-5356-910-3}} *{{Cite book|author=[[Tom Diaz]], [[Barbara Newman]]|year=2005|url=http://www.amazon.com/dp/0345475682/|title=Lightning Out of Lebanon: Hezbollah Terrorists on American Soil|publisher=Presidio Press|isbn=0-345-47568-2}} *{{Cite book|author=[[Ahmad Nizar Hamzeh]]|year=2004|title=In The Path Of Hizbullah|url=http://www.amazon.com/dp/0815630530/ |publisher=Syracuse University Press|isbn=0-8156-3053-0}} *{{Cite book|author=[[Judith Palmer Harik]]|year=2006|title=Hezbollah: The Changing Face of Terrorism|publisher=I.B. Tauris|isbn=1-84511-024-2}} *{{Cite book|author=[[Hala Jaber]]|year=1997|url=http://www.amazon.com/dp/0231108346/|title=Hezbollah|publisher=[[Columbia University Press]]|isbn=0-231-10834-6}} *{{Cite book|author=[[Avi Jorisch]]|year=2004|url=http://www.amazon.com/dp/0944029884/|title=Beacon of Hatred: Inside Hizballahs Al-Manar Television|publisher=Washington Institute for Near East Policy|isbn=0-944029-88-4}} *{{Cite book|author=[[Augustus Richard Norton]]|year=2000|url=http://www.cfr.org/publication/8612/hizballah_of_lebanon.html|publisher=Council on Foreign Relations.|title=Hizballah of Lebanon: Extremist Ideals vs. Mundane Politics}} {{Wayback|url=http://www.cfr.org/publication/8612/hizballah_of_lebanon.html |date=20060720163202 }} *{{Cite book|author=[[Augustus Richard Norton]]|year=2007|url=http://press.princeton.edu/titles/8363.html|title=Hezbollah: A Short History|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=978-0-691-13124-5}} * {{Cite book| last=Qassem | first=Naim | authorlink=Naim Qassem | title=Hizbullah: The Story from Within | publisher=[[Saqi Books]] | year=2005 |isbn = 978-0-86356-517-5}} *{{Cite book|author=[[Magnus Ranstorp]]|year=1996|url=http://www.amazon.com/dp/0312164912/|title=Hizb'Allah in Lebanon: The Politics of the Western Hostage Crisis|publisher=St. Martin's Press|isbn=0-312-16491-2}} *{{Cite book|author=[[Amal Saad-Ghorayeb]]|year=2001|title=Hizbullah: Politics and Religion|publisher=[[Pluto Press]]|isbn=0-7453-1793-6}} *{{Cite book|author=[[Jamal Sankari]]|year=2005|url=http://www.amazon.com/dp/0863565964/|title=Fadlallah: The Making of a Radical Shi'ite Leader|publisher=Saqi Books|isbn=0-86356-596-4}}</div> ;''Artikulu'' *{{Cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/8076820.stm |title=Inside Lebanese Hezbollah militia |author=Natalia Antelava |publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation |date=June 2, 2006 |accessdate=July 24, 2009}} *{{cite web|url=http://www.nybooks.com/articles/17060 |title=In Search of Hezbollah |author=Adam Shatz |publisher=[[The New York Review of Books]] |date=April 29, 2004 |accessdate=October 27, 2007}} ([http://www.mafhoum.com/press7/190P8.htm copy]) ==Suglung palwal== {{Wikiquote}} {{Wikisource}} {{commons category}} ===Opisyal a karinan=== * [http://www.moqavemat.ir/?lang=en Islamic Resistance in Lebanon] {{Wayback|url=http://www.moqavemat.ir/?lang=en |date=20100819202956 }} * [http://english.wa3ad.org/ Promise For the Resistance Movement Support] {{Wayback|url=http://english.wa3ad.org/ |date=20090306053924 }} * [http://almashriq.hiof.no/lebanon/300/320/324/324.2/hizballah/ Hizbullah – the Party of God – List of links to official websites and documents] ===UN resolutions regarding Hezbollah=== * [http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2004/sc8181.doc.htm UN Press Release SC/8181] UN, September 2, 2004 * [http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=11823&Cr=Lebanon&Cr1= Lebanon: Close Security Council vote backs free elections, urges foreign troop pullout] UN, September 2, 2004 ===Aliwa pang suglung=== * [http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/html/pdf/hezbollah-testimony-05252005.pdf Hezbollah] {{Wayback|url=http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/html/pdf/hezbollah-testimony-05252005.pdf |date=20201028175805 }}: Financing Terror through Criminal Enterprise, Testimony of Matthew Levitt, Hearing of the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs, United States Senate * [http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2007/832/op92.htm Hizbullah's two republics] by Mohammed Ben Jelloun, Al-Ahram, February 15–21, 2007 *[http://www.pbs.org/frontlineworld/stories/lebanon/thestory.html Inside Hezbollah], short documentary and extensive information from ''Frontline/World'' on PBS. * [http://www.standwithus.com/pdfs/flyers/hezbollah_program.pdf An Open Letter: The Hezbollah Program] {{Wayback|url=http://www.standwithus.com/pdfs/flyers/hezbollah_program.pdf |date=20071029000205 }} – five pages excerpted from Hezbollah's 1985 manifesto translated into English. The complete document is 20 printed pages in translation and may be found in {{Cite book|last=Norton |first=Augustus |authorlink=Augustus Richard Norton|title=Amal and the Shi'a: Struggle for the Soul of Lebanon |location=Austin |publisher=University of Texas Press |isbn=0-292-73039-X |year=1987 }} Specifically: "Nass al-risala al-maftuha allati wajjaha hizb allah ila al-mustad'afin fi lubnan wa al-'alam [Text of an Open Letter Addressed by Hizballah to the Downtrodden in Lebanon and in the World]", Appendix B, pp.&nbsp;167–187.</ref> *[http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3284023,00.html Hizbullah – the 'Party of God'] – fact file at [[Ynetnews]] {{Arab-Israeli Conflict}} {{Lebanese political parties}} {{Syrian civil war}} [[Category:Hezbollah|*]] [[Category:Political parties established in 1982]] [[Category:Political parties in Lebanon]] [[Category:March 8 Alliance]] [[Category:Resistance movements]] [[Category:Organizations designated as terrorist by the United States government]] [[Category:United Kingdom Home Office designated terrorist groups]] [[Category:Government of Canada designated terrorist organizations]] [[Category:Israeli–Lebanese conflict]] [[Category:Anti-Zionism]] [[Category:Shia organizations]] [[Category:Lebanese nationalism]] [[Category:Jihadist organizations]] 8ulgifjattblu260e24aily8rzm8tmv Kaarian ning Holanda 0 19117 313131 299263 2026-07-14T04:06:53Z InternetArchiveBot 18050 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 313131 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox country |conventional_long_name = Kaarian ning Holanda |native_name = {{unbulleted list|li_style=font-size:88%; |{{native name|nl|Koninkrijk der Nederlanden}} |{{native name|pap|Reino Hulandes}}}} |common_name = Holanda |image_flag = Flag of the Netherlands.svg |image_coat = Royal Coat of Arms of the Netherlands.svg |image_map = Kingdom of the Netherlands in its region (special marker).svg |map_caption = {{map caption |countryprefix=the |country={{nowrap|Kingdom of the Netherlands}} |location_color=red |region=[[Europe]] {{small|(top right)}} and the [[Caribbean]] {{small|(bottom left)}} |region_color=none}} |national_motto = {{unbulleted list | {{native phrase|fr|"Je maintiendrai"|italics=off}}&nbsp;<ref name="motto">{{cite web |title=Wat is het Koninklijk wapen of Rijkswapen? (Google Translate) |url=http://translate.google.com/translate?js=n&prev=_t&hl=nl&ie=UTF-8&layout=2&eotf=1&sl=auto&tl=en&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rijksoverheid.nl%2Fdocumenten-en-publicaties%2Fvragen-en-antwoorden%2Fwat-is-het-koninklijk-wapen-of-rijkswapen.html |work=Official Dutch government website |accessdate=8 August 2011}}</ref> | {{native_phrase|nl|"Ik zal handhaven"|italics=off|nolink=on}} | {{raise|0.2em|{{small|"I will hold firm"}}&nbsp;{{lower|0.2em|{{ref|box_a|a}}}}}} }} |national_anthem = The ''[[Wilhelmus]]''<br/><center>[[File:United States Navy Band - Het Wilhelmus (tempo corrected).ogg]]</center> |capital = [[Amsterdam]]{{ref|box_b|b}} |latd=52 |latm=22 |latNS=N |longd=4 |longm=53 |longEW=E |largest_city = capital |official_languages = {{nowrap|[[Dutch language|Dutch]] {{small|(''[[de facto]]'', national)}}{{refn|group=note|name=langs|Opisyal yang amanu ing Holandes kareng apat a bansang bibilug kaniti. Opisyal yang amanu ing Papiamento king [[Aruba]]<ref name="lang-Aruba">{{cite book |last1=Migge |first1=Bettina |last2=Léglise |first2=Isabelle |last3=Bartens |first3=Angela |year=2010 |title=Creoles in Education: An Appraisal of Current Programs and Projects |publisher=John Benjamins Publishing Company |location=Amsterdam |page = 268 |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=4SMLb6hKv4YC&lpg=PT276&dq=aruba%20official%20language%20Papiamento&pg=PT276#v=onepage&q=aruba%20official%20language%20Papiamento&f=false |isbn=978-90-272-5258-6}}</ref> and [[Curaçao]]{{citation needed|date=October 2012}} and has a formal status on [[Bonaire]].<ref name="lang-BES">{{cite web |url=http://wetten.overheid.nl/BWBR0028063/tekst_bevat_taal%2Bin%2Bhet%2Bbestuurlijk%2Bverkeer/geldigheidsdatum_14-10-2012 |title=Invoeringswet openbare lichamen Bonaire, Sint Eustatius en Saba |language=Dutch |publisher=wetten.nl |accessdate=14 October 2012 |archivedate=17 January 2015 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150117173755/http://wetten.overheid.nl/BWBR0028063/tekst_bevat_taal+in+het+bestuurlijk+verkeer/geldigheidsdatum_14-10-2012 }}</ref> Opisyal yang amanu ing Ingles king [[Sint Maarten]]<ref name="lang-Sint-Maarten">According to [http://www.sxmparliament.org/images/staatsregeling.engels.constitution1.pdf Art. 1 para 2. Constitution of Sint Maarten] {{Wayback|url=http://www.sxmparliament.org/images/staatsregeling.engels.constitution1.pdf |date=20140310123816 }}: "The official languages are Dutch and English"</ref> at maki pormal yang kabilyan king [[Saba]] ampong [[Sint Eustatius]].<ref name="lang-BES"/> Ing Castila, lipat ning e kayabe kareng opisyal a amanu, dakal a byasa kaniti kareng isla ning Caribbean. King [[Friesland]], maki kabilyan yang pormal ing amanung West Frisian .<ref name="lang-Friesland">{{cite web |url=http://wetten.overheid.nl/BWBR0002219/tekst_bevat_Fries/geldigheidsdatum_25-10-2010 |title=Wet gebruik Friese taal in het rechtsverkeer |publisher=wetten.nl |accessdate=25 October 2010 |language=Dutch}}</ref> Deng [[Dutch Low Saxon]] ampong [[Limburgish language|Limburgish]] opisyal nong kikilalanan ning [[European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages|regional languages]] antimong amanung panrehiyon king [[Holanda]].}}<!--end nowrap:-->}} |languages_type = Regional languages |languages = {{unbulleted list | [[Papiamento]]{{refn|group=note|name=langs}} | [[English language|English]] | [[West Frisian language|West Frisian]] }} |languages_sub = wa |demonym = [[Holandes (lahi)|Holandes]] |government_type = {{nowrap|[[Parliamentary system|Democratic parliamentary]]<br/>[[constitutional monarchy]]}} |leader_title1 = [[Monarchy of the Netherlands|Monarch]] |leader_name1 = [[Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands|Willem-Alexander]] |leader_title2 = {{raise|0.2em|{{nowrap|[[Prime Minister of the Netherlands|Prime Minister]]{{refn|group=note|name=pm|The Prime Minister of the Netherlands is referred to as “Our Prime Minister, in his capacity as chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Kingdom” ({{lang-nl|Onze Minister-President, in zijn hoedanigheid van voorzitter van de raad van ministers van het Koninkrijk}}) when he acts as a Minister of the Kingdom. An example of this can be found in article 2(3a) of the [http://wetten.overheid.nl/BWBR0028132/Kingdom Act on financial supervision for Curaçao and Sint Maarten]. Other ministers of the Netherlands are referred to with the additional line “in his capacity as Minister of the Kingdom” ({{lang-nl|in zijn hoedanigheid van Minister van het Koninkrijk}}) when they act as Kingdom Ministers, as for example with “Our Minister of Justice in his capacity as Minister of the Kingdom” ({{lang-nl|Onze Minister van Justitie in zijn hoedanigheid van minister van het Koninkrijk}}), except for the Minister of Foreign Affairs and the Minister of Defence, since they always act in a Kingdom capacity. For more information on this, see [http://books.google.nl/books?id{{=}}2-tZN0vj5QwC&lpg{{=}}PA85&ots{{=}}JAllrMREpx&dq{{=}}in%20zijn%20hoedanigheid%20als%20minister%20van%20het%20koninkrijk&pg{{=}}PA85#v{{=}}onepage&q&f{{=}}false Borman 2005] and [http://www.bjutijdschriften.nl/tijdschrift/regelmaat/2010/2/RM_0920-055X_2010_025_002_004 Borman 2010].}}<!--end nowrap:-->}}}} |leader_name2 = [[Mark Rutte]] |leader_title3 = {{nowrap|[[Minister Plenipotentiary of Aruba|Minister Plenipotentiary<br/>of Aruba]]}} |leader_name3 = [[Edwin Abath]] |leader_title4 = {{nowrap|[[Minister Plenipotentiary of Curaçao|Minister Plenipotentiary<br/>of Curaçao]]}} |leader_name4 = [[Roderick Pieters]] |leader_title5 = {{nowrap|[[Minister Plenipotentiary of Sint Maarten|Minister Plenipotentiary<br/>of Sint Maarten]]}} |leader_name5 = [[Mathias Voges]] |legislature = [[States-General of the Netherlands|States-General]] |upper_house = [[Senado (Holanda)|Senado]] |lower_house = {{nowrap|[[House of Representatives (Netherlands)|House of Representatives]]}} |sovereignty_type = [[Katimawan]] |established_event1 = [[Union of Utrecht]] |established_date1 = 23 Enero 1579 |established_event2 = [[Act of Abjuration]] |established_date2 = 26 Julio 1581 |established_event3 = [[Twelve Years' Truce]] |established_date3 = 9 Abril 1609 |established_event4 = [[Peace of Münster]] |established_date4 = 15 Mayo 1648 |established_event5 = Present Kingdom established |established_date5 = 16 Marzo 1815 |established_event6 = [[Charter for the Kingdom of the Netherlands|Charter]] |established_date6 = 28 Octubre 1954 |area_rank = 136th |area_magnitude = 1 E10 |area_km2 = 42,508 |area_sq_mi = 16,478 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> |percent_water = 18.41 |population_estimate = 17,034,544 |population_estimate_year = 2012 |population_estimate_rank = 61st |population_density_km2 = 393 |population_density_sq_mi = 1,019 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> |population_density_rank = 30th |GDP_PPP_year = |GDP_PPP = |GDP_PPP_rank = |GDP_PPP_per_capita = |GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = |currency = {{unbulleted list | [[Euro]] {{small|([[European Netherlands|Europe]])}} | [[United States dollar|US dollar]] {{small|([[Caribbean Netherlands|Caribbean]])}} | [[Netherlands Antillean guilder|NA guilder]] {{small|([[Curaçao]])}} | {{nowrap|NA guilder {{small|([[Sint Maarten]])}}}} | [[Aruban florin]] {{small|([[Aruba]])}} }} |currency_code = {{nowrap|EUR, USD, ANG, AWG}} |country_code = |time_zone = [[Central European Time|CET]]{{\}}[[Atlantic Standard Time|AST]] |utc_offset = +1{{\}}−4 |time_zone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]{{\}}[[Atlantic Standard Time|AST]] |utc_offset_DST = +2{{\}}−4 |drives_on = right |calling_code = {{collapsible list |titlestyle = background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:normal; |title = 4 codes | [[+31]]{{nbsp|6}}{{small|(Netherlands)}} | [[+297]]{{nbsp|4}}{{small|(Aruba)}} | {{nowrap|[[+599]]{{nbsp|4}}{{small|(Curaçao{{\}}Caribbean)}}}} | [[+1&nbsp;721]] {{small|(Sint Maarten)}} }} |cctld = {{collapsible list |titlestyle = background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:normal; |title = 6 [[Top-level domain|TLD]]s | [[.nl]]{{pad|0.9em}}{{small|(Netherlands)}}&nbsp;{{ref|box_c|c}} | [[.aw]]{{nbsp|2}}{{small|(Aruba)}} | [[.cw]]{{nbsp|2}}{{small|(Curaçao)}} | [[.sx]]{{nbsp|2}}{{small|(Sint Maarten)}} | [[.an]]{{nbsp|3}}{{small|(former Dutch Antilles)}}&nbsp;{{ref|box_d|d}} | {{nowrap|[[.bq]]{{nbsp|3}}{{small|(Caribbean Netherlands)}}&nbsp;{{ref|box_d|d}}}} }} |footnote_a = {{note|box_a}} Ken yang amanung Frances ing opisyal a motto; ing literal nang kabaldugan king Ingles, "I will maintain" ya. Nanupata, mas makatud yang likas ing ''I will hold firm'', o ''I will uphold'' (ing tutunggen na, ing pamisanmetung na ampong katimawan ning teritoryu) |footnote_b = {{note|box_b}} [[The Hague]] ing karinan ning kapamahalan ning [[Holanda]]; ing [[Oranjestad, Aruba|Oranjestad]] ing tungku, kapitolyu o kabisera ning is [[Aruba]]; ing [[Willemstad]] ing tungku ning [[Curaçao]]; ampo ing [[Philipsburg, Sint Maarten|Philipsburg]] ing tungku ning [[Sint Maarten]]. |footnote_c = {{note|box_c}} Bukud kaniti, karake la king [[.eu]] deng aliwang kayanib ning EU. |footnote_d = {{note|box_d}} Lalako da ne ing .an, kabang e pa magagamit ing .bq. }} Ing '''Kaarian ning Holanda''' ({{lang-nl|{{Audio|Nl-Koninkrijk der Nederlanden2.ogg|''Koninkrijk der Nederlanden''}}}} {{IPA-nl|ˈkoːnɪŋkrɛig dɛr ˈneːdərlɑndə(n)}}; {{lang-pap|Reino Hulandes}}), a karaniwang mayayaus '''Holanda''',{{refn|group=note|name=name|E dapat pagkamalyan king bangsa ning [[Holanda]], a dake na mu ning kaarian. Kareng aliwang kontekstu, ing "Holanda" mangabaldugan ya mung ing bangsa, oneng kareng mas pormal a kontekstu, malyaring ing kaarian ing amanuan da.}} metung yang [[soberaniang estadu]] ampong [[kaarian a konstitusyonal ]] (''constitutional monarchy'') a maki teritoryu king [[Albugan]]g [[Europa]] ampo king [[Caribbean]]. Deng apat a dake ning Kaarian {{spaced ndash}}[[Aruba]], [[Curaçao]], [[Holanda]], ampong [[Sint Maarten]]{{spaced ndash}}ausan dong [[Constituent country|bangsa]] at miugnayan la antimong pante-panteng dake ning Kaarian.<ref>Mi-isplika ya ing Charter ning Kaarian king “EXPLANATORY MEMORANDUM to the Charter for the Kingdom of the Netherlands”, a midala king Pangkabilugan a Kalihim da reng Misasanmetung a Bangsa transmitted to the (''U.N. Secretary-General'') antimong pamagtupad king kaburyan ning Pangkabilugan a Kapulungan (''General Assembly'') kapamilatan da reng kapasyagan (''resolutions'') a 222 (III) ampong 747 (VIII). New York, 30 Marzo 1955(* Ministerie van Buitenlandse Zaken , 41, Suriname en de Nederlandse Antillen in de Verenigde Naties III, Staatsdrukkerij-en uitgeversbedrijf/ ’s Gravenhage, 1956)</ref> Nanupata, king pangkaraniwan a palakad, panibalan no ning Holanda (a bibilug king manga 98% ning leparan gabun ampong populasyun ning Kaarian) para king kabilugan ning Kaarian, nung nu deng Aruba, Curaçao, ampong Sint Maarten magdependi la king Holanda. Ing misnang keragulan nang dake ning bangsa ning Holanda atyu king Europa, liban kareng atlung [[Caribbean Netherlands|espesial a munisipalidad]] (Bonaire, Sint Eustatius, ampong Saba) a atyu king Caribbean. Deng bangsang Aruba, Curaçao, ampong Sint Maarten atyu la mu naman king Caribbean. == Footnotes == {{Reflist|group=note|30em}} == Dalerayan == {{Reflist|30em}} == Suglung palwal == {{Commons category|Kingdom of the Netherlands}} * [http://www.arubaforeignaffairs.com/afa/readBlob.do?id=704 The Charter for the Kingdom of the Netherlands] {{Wayback|url=http://www.arubaforeignaffairs.com/afa/readBlob.do?id=704 |date=20111011144941 }} (pdf) * [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/world-leaders-1/world-leaders-n/netherlands.html Chief of State and Cabinet Members] {{Wayback|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/world-leaders-1/world-leaders-n/netherlands.html |date=20070613000635 }} * {{dmoz|Regional/Europe/Netherlands}} {{Sovereign states of Europe}} {{Monarchies |collapsed}} {{Dutch colonies |Kingdom2}} {{coord missing}} <!--Categories--> {{DEFAULTSORT:Netherlands, Kingdom of the}} [[Category:Kingdom of the Netherlands| ]] [[Category:Politics of the Kingdom of the Netherlands|Kingdom of the Netherlands]] [[Category:Government of the Kingdom of the Netherlands|Kingdom of the Netherlands]] [[Category:Constitutional monarchies]] [[Category:States and territories established in 1815]] [[Category:Member states of the United Nations]] dky5gax8d5gmexyg432ojtz2mchfuts