وکیپیڈیا pnbwiki https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%81%D9%84%D8%A7_%D8%B5%D9%81%DB%81 MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.24 first-letter میڈیا خاص گل بات ورتنوالا ورتن گل بات وکیپیڈیا ویونت گل بات فائل فائل گل بات میڈیا وکی میڈیاوکی گل بات سانچہ سانچہ گل بات ہتھونڈائی ہتھونڈائی گل بات گٹھ گٹھ گل بات TimedText TimedText talk ماڈیول ماڈیول گل بات Event Event talk 0 92828 712739 708672 2026-10-22T14:01:18Z Ziv 40019 → corr. 712739 wikitext text/x-wiki [[تصویر:Justus Sustermans - Portrait of Galileo Galilei, 1636.jpg|thumb|[[گلیلیو]] جدید سائنس دا اک عظیم سائنس دان سن ۔<ref>"Galileo and the Birth of Modern Science, by Stephen Hawking, American Heritage's Invention & Technology, Spring 2009, Vol. 24, No. 1, p. 36</ref>]] [[تصویر:GodfreyKneller-IsaacNewton-1689.jpg|thumb|کھبے|[[آئزک نیوٹن]]]] [[تصویر:Albert Einstein Head cleaned.jpg|thumb|کھبے|[[البرٹ آئنسٹائن]]]] '''فزکس دان''' اک ایداں دے [[سائنسدان]] نو‏‏ں کہندے نيں جو [[فزکس]] اُتے تحقیق کردا ا‏‏ے۔ == مورتاں == <gallery> |<!-- [[ابن الہیثم]] (965–1040): made significant improvements in optics, physical science, and the scientific method. In his book, [[Book of Optics]], he showed through experiment that light travels in straight lines, and carried out various experiments with lenses, mirrors, refraction, and reflection, which earned him the title of the "Father of Modern Optics". --> File:Nikolaus Kopernikus.jpg|<!-- [[نکولس کوپرنیکس]] (1473–1543): published ''[[De revolutionibus orbium coelestium]]'' (On the Revolutions of the Celestial Spheres) in 1543 – often considered the starting point of modern astronomy – in which he argued that the Earth and the other planets revolved around the Sun ([[شمس مرکزی نظریہ]]) --> File:Portrait Confused With Johannes Kepler 1610.jpg|<!-- [[کپلر]] (1571–1630): used the accurate observations of [[Tycho Brahe]] to formulate [[کیپلر قوانین برائے سیاروی حرکت]], described elliptical motion of planets around the sun, developed early telescopes, invented the convex eyepiece, discovered a means of determining the magnifying power of lenses. --> File:Evangelista Torricelli2.jpg|<!-- [[Evangelista Torricelli]] (1608–47): invented the [[بھارپیما]] (a glass tube of [[پارہ]] inverted into a dish), found that the change of height of the mercury each day was from [[ہويا دا دباؤ]], worked in [[ہندسہ]] and developed [[تکامل]], published findings on fluid and projectile motion in his 1644 ''Opera Geometrica'' (Geometric Works) --> File:Blaise pascal.jpg|<!-- [[پاسکل]] (1623–62): experimented with [[سیال (مادہ)]]s, formulated [[Pascal's law]] in the 1650s stating that the [[دباؤ]] applied to a fluid taken in a closed container is transmitted with equal force throughout the container, proved that air has weight and that air pressure can produce a [[فراغ]], namesake of the unit of pressure: the [[پاسکل]] (Pa) --> File:Christiaan Huygens-painting.jpeg|<!-- [[Christiaan Huygens]] (1629–95): studied the [[حلقہ ہائے زحل]] and discovered its moon [[Titan (moon)|Titan]], invented the [[pendulum clock]], studied [[بصریات]] and [[centrifugal force]], theorized that light consists of [[موج]]s ([[Huygens–Fresnel principle]]) which became instrumental in the understanding of [[wave-particle duality]]. --> File:13 Portrait of Robert Hooke.JPG|<!-- [[Robert Hooke]] (1635–1703): formulated the [[Hooke's law|law of elasticity]], invented the balance spring, the spiral spring wheel in watches, the Gregorian telescope, and the first screw-divided quadrant, constructed first arithmetical machine, improved cell theory with the microscope --> File:Cavendish-walk.jpg|<!-- [[Henry Cavendish]] (1731–1810): greatest English chemist and physicist of his age, researched composition of [[زمینی کرۂ ہويا]], the properties of different gases, the synthesis of water, the law of electrical attraction and repulsion, a mechanical theory of heat, calculated the weight of the Earth in the [[Cavendish experiment]], determined the universal [[gravitational constant]] --> File:Coulomb.jpg|<!-- [[Charles-Augustin de Coulomb]] (1736–1806): formulated [[قانون کولمب]] in 1785 which described the [[برقی سکونیات]] interaction between electrically charged particles (attraction and repulsion) and was essential to the development of the theory of [[برقناطیسی قوت]], namesake of the unit of [[برقی بار]]: the [[کولمب]] (C) --> File:Alessandro Volta.jpeg|<!-- [[ایلیسینڈرو وولٹا]] (1745–1827): built the first [[برقیچہ]] (the [[voltaic pile]]) in the 19th century, did substantial work with [[برقی رو]]s, namesake of the unit of [[برقی جُہد]]: the [[وولٹ]] (V) --> File:Young Thomas Lawrence.jpg|<!-- [[Thomas Young (scientist)|Thomas Young]] (1773–1829): established the principle of interference of light, resurrected the century-old theory that light is a wave, helped decipher the [[سنگ روزیٹا]] --> File:H. C. Ørsted (C. A. Jensen).jpg|<!-- [[Hans Christian Ørsted]] (1777–1851): discovered that electric currents create [[مقناطیسی میدان]]s (an important aspect of electromagnetism), shaped advances in science in the late 19th century, namesake of the [[oersted]] (Oe) (the [[Centimetre gram second system of units|cgs]] unit of [[مقناطیسی میدان]]) --> File:Andre-marie-ampere2.jpg|<!-- [[André-Marie Ampère]] (1777–1836): main founder of [[برقی حرکیات]], showed how an electric current produces a magnetic field, stated that the mutual action of two lengths of current-carrying wire is proportional to their lengths and to the intensities of their currents ([[قانون ایمپیئر]]), namesake of the unit of electric current (the [[ایمپئیر]]) --> File:Joseph von Fraunhofer.jpg|<!-- [[Joseph von Fraunhofer]] (1787–1826): first to studied the dark lines of the [[سورج]]'s spectrum, now known as [[Fraunhofer lines]], first to use extensively the [[diffraction grating]] (a device that disperses light more effectively than a prism does), set the stage for the development of [[طیف بینی]], making optical glass and [[achromatic telescope]] objectives. --> File:Georg Simon Ohm3.jpg|<!-- [[جارج سائمن اوہم]] (1789–1854): found that there is a direct proportionality between the [[برقی رو]] I and the potential difference ([[وولٹیج]]) V applied across a conductor, and that this current is inversely proportional to the [[برقی مزاحمت]] R in the circuit, or I = V/R, known as [[قانون اوہم]], namesake of the unit of electrical resistance (the [[اوھم]]) --> File:Faraday-Millikan-Gale-1913.jpg|<!-- [[مائیکل فیراڈے]] (1791–1867): showed how a changing magnetic field can be used to generate an electric current ([[قانون فیراڈے لینز]]), applied this knowledge to the development of several electrical machines, described principles of [[electrolysis]], early pioneer in the field of low temperature study --> File:Cdoppler.jpg|<!-- [[Christian Doppler]] (1803–53): first described how the observed frequency of light and sound waves is affected by the relative motion of the source and the detector, a phenomenon which became known as the [[ڈوپلر ایفکٹ]]. --> File:Joule James sitting.jpg|<!-- [[جیمز پریسکوٹ جول]] (1818–89): discovered that heat is a form of [[توانائی]], ideas led to the theory of [[قانون بقائے توانائی]], worked with [[William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin|Lord Kelvin]] to develop the absolute scale of [[درجہ حرارت]], made observations on [[magnetostriction]], found the relationship between current through [[مزاحم]] and the heat dissipated, now called [[Joule's first law|Joule's law]]. --> File:Lord Kelvin photograph.jpg|<!-- [[William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin]] (1824–1907): major figure in the history of [[حرحرکیات]], helped develop law of conservation of energy, studied wave motion and vortex motion in [[سيالی حرکيات]] and produced a dynamical theory of heat, formulated of the [[first law of thermodynamics|first]] and [[حرحرکیات دا دوسرا قانون]] --> File:James Clerk Maxwell big.jpg|<!-- [[جیمز کلیرک ماکسویل]] (1831–79): united electricity, magnetism, and optics into a consistent electromagnetic theory, formulated [[میکسویل مساوات]] to show that electricity, magnetism and light are manifestations of the [[برقناطیسی میدان]], developed the [[Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution]] (statistical means of describing aspects of the [[kinetic theory|kinetic theory of gases]]) --> File:Ernst Mach 01.jpg|<!-- [[Ernst Mach]] (1838–1916): contributed the [[ماک]], studied [[shock wave]]s and how airflow is disturbed at the [[آواز د‏‏ی رفتار]], influenced [[logical positivism]], forerunner of Einstein's relativity through his criticism of Newton --> File:Boltzmann2.jpg|<!-- [[Ludwig Boltzmann]] (1844–1906): developed [[شماریا‏‏تی میکانیات]] (how the properties of atoms – mass, charge, and structure – determine the visible properties of matter, such as viscosity, [[حر ایصالیت]], and diffusion), developed the kinetic theory of gases. --> File:Roentgen2.jpg|<!-- [[رونتجن]] (1845–1923): produced and detected [[برقناطیسی ریڈی ایشن]] in a [[طولِ موج]] range of [[ایکس شعاع]]s or Röntgen rays in 1895, for which he earned the first [[نوبل انعام برائے فزکس]] in 1901, namesake of element 111, [[روٹجینیم]] --> File:Paul Nadar - Henri Becquerel.jpg|<!-- [[ہنری بیکرویل]] (1852–1908): discovered [[اشعاعی تنزل]] along with [[میری کیوری]] and [[پیری کیوری]], for which all three won the 1903 Nobel Prize in Physics. --> File:Edward Alexander Bouchet Yale College class of 1874.jpg|<!-- [[Edward Alexander Bouchet]] (1852–1918): First African American to earn a PhD in physics. Overcame racial prejudice and continual financial uncertainty to pursue a life long career in physics. --> File:Hendrik Antoon Lorentz.jpg|<!-- [[ہنڈرک لورنٹز]] (1853–1928): clarified electromagnetic theory of light, shared the 1902 Nobel Prize in Physics with Pieter Zeeman for the discovery and theoretical explanation of the Zeeman effect, developed concept of local time, derived the [[Lorentz transformation|transformation equations]] subsequently used by Albert Einstein to describe space and time. --> File:J.J Thomson.jpg|<!-- [[جے جے تھامسن]] (1856–1940): showed in 1897 that [[cathode ray]]s were composed of a previously unknown negatively charged particle (later named the [[برقیہ]]), discovered [[ہمجاء]]s, invented the [[کمیت‏‏ی طیف پیمائی]], awarded the 1906 Nobel Prize in Physics for the discovery of the electron and for his work on the conduction of [[برق]] in [[گیس]]es. --> File:Tesla3.jpg|<!-- [[نکولا ٹیسلا]] (1856–1943): developed an [[متبادل رو]] [[induction motor]] making AC implementation more practical. Invented the [[Tesla coil]]. --> File:Heinrich Rudolf Hertz.jpg|<!-- [[Heinrich Hertz]] (1857–1894): clarified and expanded Maxwell's [[روشنی]], first to prove the existence of [[برقناطیسی ریڈی ایشن]] by engineering instruments to transmit and receive radio pulses --> File:Max Planck (1858-1947).jpg|<!-- [[میکس پلانک]] (1858–1947): founded [[مقداریہ آلاتیات]] in 1900, showed how the energy of a [[نوریہ]] is proportional to its frequency, won him the 1918 Nobel Prize in Physics --> File:Pieter Zeeman.jpg|<!-- [[پیڑ زیمین]] (1865–1943): shared the 1902 Nobel Prize in Physics with [[ہنڈرک لورنٹز]] for discovering the [[Zeeman effect]] (splitting a [[اسپیکٹرل لائن]] into several components in the presence of a static [[مقناطیسی میدان]]) --> File:Marie Curie c1920.jpg|<!-- [[میری کیوری]] (1867–1934): discovered radioactivity with [[ہنری بیکرویل]] and her husband [[پیری کیوری]], awarded Nobel Prize in Physics (1903) and the Nobel Prize for Chemistry (1911), found techniques for isolating radioactive isotopes, discovered and isolated [[پولونیئم]] and [[ریڈیم]] --> File:Millikan.jpg|<!-- [[رابرٹ انڈریو ملکین]] (1868–1953): measured the charge on the [[برقیہ]], worked on the [[ضیا برقی اثر]], performed vital research pertaining to [[کوسمک ریز]]s. --> File:Ernest Rutherford 1908.jpg|<!-- [[لارڈ رودر فورڈ]] (1871–1937): considered "Father of [[نیوکلیئر فزکس]]", showed how the [[جوہری نویہ]] has a positive charge, first to change one element into another by an artificial nuclear reaction, differentiated and named alpha and beta radiation, awarded Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1908 --> File:Lise Meitner (1878-1968), lecturing at Catholic University, Washington, D.C., 1946.jpg|<!-- [[Lise Meitner]] (1878–1968) – worked on [[اشعاعی تنزل]] and [[نیوکلیئر فزکس]], discovered radioactive element [[پروٹیکٹینیم]] with her colleague [[اوٹو ہان]], part of the team that discovered [[نیوکلیئر انشقاق]], for which Otto Hahn was awarded the Nobel Prize. --> File:Albert Einstein (Nobel).png|<!--[[البرٹ آئنسٹائن]] (1879–1955): revolutionized physics due to his theories of [[اضافیت مخصوصہ]] and [[عمومی اضافیت]], described [[Brownian motion]], awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1921 for his work on the [[ضیا برقی اثر]], formulated [[mass–energy equivalence]] formula ''E'' = ''mc²'', published more than 300 scientific papers and over 150 non-scientific works, considered the "Father of Modern Physics"--> File:Noether.jpg|<!-- [[Emmy Noether]] (1882–1935): Received a Ph.D. degree from the [[University of Erlangen]] in 1907, with a dissertation on [[algebraic invariant]]s. Proved the connection between symmetries and conservation laws in a series of theorems which physicists refer to collectively as [[Noether's Theorem]] which brought clarity to the principle of energy conservation in Einstein's theory of [[عمومی اضافیت]]. --> File:Niels Bohr.jpg|<!-- [[نیلز بوہر]] (1885–1962): used quantum mechanical model (known as the [[Bohr model]]) of the atom which theorized that electrons travel in discrete orbits around the nucleus, showed how electron energy levels are related to spectral lines, received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1922. --> File:Erwin Schrödinger (1933).jpg|<!-- [[ارون شروڈنگر]] (1887–1961): formulated the [[Schrödinger equation]] in 1926 describing how the [[quantum state]] of a [[physical system]] changes with time, awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1933, two years later proposed the thought experiment known as [[Schrödinger's cat]] --> File:Broglie Big.jpg|<!-- [[لیوس دتی بروگلی]] (1892–1987): researched quantum theory, discovered the wave nature of electrons, awarded the 1929 Nobel Prize in Physics, ideas on the wave-like behavior of particles used by Erwin Schrödinger in his formulation of wave mechanics. --> File:SatyenBose1925.jpg|<!-- [[ست یندرا ناتھ بوس]] (1894–1974): Prof. Satyendra Nath Bose FRS, (1 January 1894 – 4 February 1974) was an Indian physicist specializing in mathematical physics. He was born in Kolkata, then Calcutta. He is best known for his work on quantum mechanics in the early 1920s, providing the foundation for Bose–Einstein statistics and the theory of the [[Bose–Einstein condensate]]. The class of particles that obey [[Bose–Einstein statistics]], bosons, was named after him by Paul Dirac. --> File:Pyotr L Kapitsa Russian physicist 1964.jpg|<!-- [[پیوٹر لیونڈیوچ کیپٹسہ]] (1894–1984): in 1934 developed apparatus (based on the [[adiabatic]] principle) for making liquid helium, leading to the discovery in 1937 of its [[superfluidity]]. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1978 "for discoveries in the area of low-temperature physics", shared with [[ارنو الن پنزاس]] and [[رابرٹ وڈرو ولسن]] --> |<!-- [[Georges Lemaître]] (1894–1966): first person to propose the theory of the [[بحری فضائی توسیع]], first to derive what is now known as Hubble's law, made the first estimation of what is now called the [[قانون ہبل]] which he published in 1927 (two years before Hubble's article), proposed the [[انفجار عظیم]] theory of the origin of the Universe --> File:Pauli.jpg|<!-- [[ولف گینگ پاولی]] (1900–58): pioneers of quantum physics, received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1945 (nominated by Albert Einstein), formulated the [[Pauli exclusion principle]] involving [[غزل (فزکس)]] (underpinning the structure of matter and the whole of [[کیمیاء]]), published the [[Pauli–Villars regularization]], formulated the [[Pauli equation]], coined the phrase '[[not even wrong]]' --> File:Bundesarchiv Bild183-R57262, Werner Heisenberg.jpg|<!-- [[ورنر ہیزنبرگ]] (1901–76): developed method to express ideas of quantum mechanics in terms of matrices in 1925, published his famous [[uncertainty principle]] in 1927, awarded Nobel Prize in Physics in 1932 --> File:Enrico Fermi 1943-49.jpg|<!-- [[انریکو فرمی]] (1901–54): developed first nuclear reactor ([[شکاگو پائیل]]), contributed to quantum theory, [[نیوکلیئر فزکس]] and [[ذرا‏‏تی فزکس]], and [[شماریا‏‏تی میکانیات]], awarded the 1938 Nobel Prize in Physics for his work on [[induced radioactivity]]. --> File:Paul Dirac, 1933.jpg|<!-- [[پال ڈیراک]] (1902–84): made fundamental contributions to the early development of quantum mechanics and quantum electrodynamics, formulated the [[Dirac equation]] describing the behavior of [[فیرمیون]], predicted the existence of [[ضد مادہ]], shared the 1933 Nobel Prize in Physics with [[ارون شروڈنگر]]. --> File:Mayer.jpg|<!-- [[ماریہ جیوپرٹ مئیر]] (1906–72): As a [[theoretical physicist]], she received the Nobel prize in Physics for developing a mathematical model of the atomic nucleus, explaining [[spin-orbit coupling]] with a shell model of the nucleus. She was the second woman to ever receive a Nobel prize in physics. --> File:Bardeen.jpg|<!-- [[جان باردین]] (1908–91): awarded Nobel Prize in Physics in 1956 with [[ولیم شوکلی]] and [[والٹر ہوایسن براطین]] for the invention of the [[منتقزاحم]] and again in 1972 with [[لیون کوپر]] and [[جان رابرٹ شریفر]] for a fundamental theory of conventional [[فوق ایصالیت]] known as the [[BCS theory]]. --> File:Wheeler,John-Archibald 1963 Kopenhagen.jpg|<!-- [[John Archibald Wheeler|John Wheeler]] (1911–2008): revived interest in general relativity in the United States after World War II, worked with Niels Bohr to explain principles of nuclear fission, tried to achieve Einstein's vision of a [[unified field theory]], coined the terms [[ثقب اسود]], [[quantum foam]], [[ثقب کرم]], and the phrase "[[it from bit]]". --> File:YoichiroNambu.jpg|<!-- [[یوچیرو نامبو]] (1921-): He is accounted as one of the founders of [[string theory]]. Nobel Prize in Physics in 2008 for the discovery in 1960 of the mechanism of [[spontaneous broken symmetry]] in subatomic physics, related at first to the [[قوی تفاعل]]'s [[chiral symmetry]], and later to the [[برقی نحیف تفاعل]] and [[Higgs mechanism]] --> File:Henry Kendall by Tom Frost.jpg|<!-- [[ہنری وے کینڈل]] (1926–99): particle physicist who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1990 jointly with [[جیروم آئیزک فرائڈ مین]] and [[رچرڈ ای ٹیلر]] "for their pioneering investigations concerning [[deep inelastic scattering]] of electrons on protons and bound neutrons, which have been of essential importance for the development of the [[کوارک]] model in particle physics. --> File:Stephen Hawking.StarChild.jpg|<!-- [[سٹیفن ہاکنگ]] (1942-): provided, with [[Roger Penrose]], [[قضیہ]]s regarded the occurrence of [[gravitational singularity|gravitational singularities]] in the framework of general relativity, theoretically predicted that [[ثقب اسود]]s should emit radiation ([[Hawking radiation]]). --> File:Ketterle.jpg|<!-- [[ولف گینگ کٹرلی]] (1957-) Awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2001, jointly with [[ایرک ایلن کورنیل]] and [[کارل ایڈون ویمین]] for the achievement of [[Bose–Einstein condensate|Bose–Einstein]] condensation, predicted in 1924 by [[ست یندرا ناتھ بوس]] and [[البرٹ آئنسٹائن]], in dilute gases of alkali atoms, and for early fundamental studies of the properties of the condensates. --> File:Andre Geim 2010-1.jpg|<!-- [[انڈر گیم]] (1958-) studied [[solid-state physics]], moving to [[Mesoscopic scale|mesoscale]] and [[nanoscale]] physics later in his career. Awarded the Nobel prize in Physics in 2010, jointly with [[کونسٹاٹن نوسکلو]], for his work on [[گرافین]]; Geim's research in 1997 into the possible effects of magnetism on water scaling led to the famous discovery of direct [[diamagnetic levitation]] of water. --> File:Professor Lene Hau in her laboratory at Harvard.jpg|<!-- [[Lene Vestergaard Hau]] (1959-) The first person to slow a beam of light and, in 2001, to stop light completely, using [[Bose–Einstein condensate]]s. The transfer of light to matter, then from matter back into light, a process with implications for [[quantum encryption]] and [[مقداریہ کمپیوٹنگ]]. Research and experiments with [[Electromagnetically induced transparency|EIT]] and novel interactions between [[ultracold atom]] and [[nanoscopic scale]] systems. --> </gallery> == حوالے == {{حوالے}} == باہرلے جوڑ == {{Wiktionary}} * [http://www.aip.org/statistics/ Education and employment statistics امریکی انسٹی ٹیوٹ آف فزکس] * [http://www.bls.gov/oco/home.htm Occupational Outlook Handbook] * [http://www.bls.gov/oco/ocos052.htm Physicists and Astronomers]; US Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics * [http://www.physicisttv.com/ PhysicistTv] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101115132645/http://www.physicisttv.com/ |date=2010-11-15 }} [[گٹھ:فزکس دان|فزکس دان]] [[گٹھ:سائنسی پیشے]] j54y31ph2q47e2owz22uzdnzpm1gc30 712740 712739 2026-10-22T14:01:49Z Ziv 40019 → File has been renamed on Commons ([[:c:GR]]) 712740 wikitext text/x-wiki [[تصویر:Justus Sustermans - Portrait of Galileo Galilei, 1636.jpg|thumb|[[گلیلیو]] جدید سائنس دا اک عظیم سائنس دان سن ۔<ref>"Galileo and the Birth of Modern Science, by Stephen Hawking, American Heritage's Invention & Technology, Spring 2009, Vol. 24, No. 1, p. 36</ref>]] [[تصویر:GodfreyKneller-IsaacNewton-1689.jpg|thumb|کھبے|[[آئزک نیوٹن]]]] [[تصویر:Albert Einstein Head cleaned.jpg|thumb|کھبے|[[البرٹ آئنسٹائن]]]] '''فزکس دان''' اک ایداں دے [[سائنسدان]] نو‏‏ں کہندے نيں جو [[فزکس]] اُتے تحقیق کردا ا‏‏ے۔ == مورتاں == <gallery> |<!-- [[ابن الہیثم]] (965–1040): made significant improvements in optics, physical science, and the scientific method. In his book, [[Book of Optics]], he showed through experiment that light travels in straight lines, and carried out various experiments with lenses, mirrors, refraction, and reflection, which earned him the title of the "Father of Modern Optics". --> File:Nikolaus Kopernikus.jpg|<!-- [[نکولس کوپرنیکس]] (1473–1543): published ''[[De revolutionibus orbium coelestium]]'' (On the Revolutions of the Celestial Spheres) in 1543 – often considered the starting point of modern astronomy – in which he argued that the Earth and the other planets revolved around the Sun ([[شمس مرکزی نظریہ]]) --> File:Portrait Confused With Johannes Kepler 1610.jpg|<!-- [[کپلر]] (1571–1630): used the accurate observations of [[Tycho Brahe]] to formulate [[کیپلر قوانین برائے سیاروی حرکت]], described elliptical motion of planets around the sun, developed early telescopes, invented the convex eyepiece, discovered a means of determining the magnifying power of lenses. --> File:Evangelista Torricelli2.jpg|<!-- [[Evangelista Torricelli]] (1608–47): invented the [[بھارپیما]] (a glass tube of [[پارہ]] inverted into a dish), found that the change of height of the mercury each day was from [[ہويا دا دباؤ]], worked in [[ہندسہ]] and developed [[تکامل]], published findings on fluid and projectile motion in his 1644 ''Opera Geometrica'' (Geometric Works) --> File:Blaise pascal.jpg|<!-- [[پاسکل]] (1623–62): experimented with [[سیال (مادہ)]]s, formulated [[Pascal's law]] in the 1650s stating that the [[دباؤ]] applied to a fluid taken in a closed container is transmitted with equal force throughout the container, proved that air has weight and that air pressure can produce a [[فراغ]], namesake of the unit of pressure: the [[پاسکل]] (Pa) --> File:Caspar Netscher - Christiaan Huygens, the astronomer, 1671.jpg|<!-- [[Christiaan Huygens]] (1629–95): studied the [[حلقہ ہائے زحل]] and discovered its moon [[Titan (moon)|Titan]], invented the [[pendulum clock]], studied [[بصریات]] and [[centrifugal force]], theorized that light consists of [[موج]]s ([[Huygens–Fresnel principle]]) which became instrumental in the understanding of [[wave-particle duality]]. --> File:13 Portrait of Robert Hooke.JPG|<!-- [[Robert Hooke]] (1635–1703): formulated the [[Hooke's law|law of elasticity]], invented the balance spring, the spiral spring wheel in watches, the Gregorian telescope, and the first screw-divided quadrant, constructed first arithmetical machine, improved cell theory with the microscope --> File:Cavendish-walk.jpg|<!-- [[Henry Cavendish]] (1731–1810): greatest English chemist and physicist of his age, researched composition of [[زمینی کرۂ ہويا]], the properties of different gases, the synthesis of water, the law of electrical attraction and repulsion, a mechanical theory of heat, calculated the weight of the Earth in the [[Cavendish experiment]], determined the universal [[gravitational constant]] --> File:Coulomb.jpg|<!-- [[Charles-Augustin de Coulomb]] (1736–1806): formulated [[قانون کولمب]] in 1785 which described the [[برقی سکونیات]] interaction between electrically charged particles (attraction and repulsion) and was essential to the development of the theory of [[برقناطیسی قوت]], namesake of the unit of [[برقی بار]]: the [[کولمب]] (C) --> File:Alessandro Volta.jpeg|<!-- [[ایلیسینڈرو وولٹا]] (1745–1827): built the first [[برقیچہ]] (the [[voltaic pile]]) in the 19th century, did substantial work with [[برقی رو]]s, namesake of the unit of [[برقی جُہد]]: the [[وولٹ]] (V) --> File:Young Thomas Lawrence.jpg|<!-- [[Thomas Young (scientist)|Thomas Young]] (1773–1829): established the principle of interference of light, resurrected the century-old theory that light is a wave, helped decipher the [[سنگ روزیٹا]] --> File:H. C. Ørsted (C. A. Jensen).jpg|<!-- [[Hans Christian Ørsted]] (1777–1851): discovered that electric currents create [[مقناطیسی میدان]]s (an important aspect of electromagnetism), shaped advances in science in the late 19th century, namesake of the [[oersted]] (Oe) (the [[Centimetre gram second system of units|cgs]] unit of [[مقناطیسی میدان]]) --> File:Andre-marie-ampere2.jpg|<!-- [[André-Marie Ampère]] (1777–1836): main founder of [[برقی حرکیات]], showed how an electric current produces a magnetic field, stated that the mutual action of two lengths of current-carrying wire is proportional to their lengths and to the intensities of their currents ([[قانون ایمپیئر]]), namesake of the unit of electric current (the [[ایمپئیر]]) --> File:Joseph von Fraunhofer.jpg|<!-- [[Joseph von Fraunhofer]] (1787–1826): first to studied the dark lines of the [[سورج]]'s spectrum, now known as [[Fraunhofer lines]], first to use extensively the [[diffraction grating]] (a device that disperses light more effectively than a prism does), set the stage for the development of [[طیف بینی]], making optical glass and [[achromatic telescope]] objectives. --> File:Georg Simon Ohm3.jpg|<!-- [[جارج سائمن اوہم]] (1789–1854): found that there is a direct proportionality between the [[برقی رو]] I and the potential difference ([[وولٹیج]]) V applied across a conductor, and that this current is inversely proportional to the [[برقی مزاحمت]] R in the circuit, or I = V/R, known as [[قانون اوہم]], namesake of the unit of electrical resistance (the [[اوھم]]) --> File:Faraday-Millikan-Gale-1913.jpg|<!-- [[مائیکل فیراڈے]] (1791–1867): showed how a changing magnetic field can be used to generate an electric current ([[قانون فیراڈے لینز]]), applied this knowledge to the development of several electrical machines, described principles of [[electrolysis]], early pioneer in the field of low temperature study --> File:Cdoppler.jpg|<!-- [[Christian Doppler]] (1803–53): first described how the observed frequency of light and sound waves is affected by the relative motion of the source and the detector, a phenomenon which became known as the [[ڈوپلر ایفکٹ]]. --> File:Joule James sitting.jpg|<!-- [[جیمز پریسکوٹ جول]] (1818–89): discovered that heat is a form of [[توانائی]], ideas led to the theory of [[قانون بقائے توانائی]], worked with [[William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin|Lord Kelvin]] to develop the absolute scale of [[درجہ حرارت]], made observations on [[magnetostriction]], found the relationship between current through [[مزاحم]] and the heat dissipated, now called [[Joule's first law|Joule's law]]. --> File:Lord Kelvin photograph.jpg|<!-- [[William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin]] (1824–1907): major figure in the history of [[حرحرکیات]], helped develop law of conservation of energy, studied wave motion and vortex motion in [[سيالی حرکيات]] and produced a dynamical theory of heat, formulated of the [[first law of thermodynamics|first]] and [[حرحرکیات دا دوسرا قانون]] --> File:James Clerk Maxwell big.jpg|<!-- [[جیمز کلیرک ماکسویل]] (1831–79): united electricity, magnetism, and optics into a consistent electromagnetic theory, formulated [[میکسویل مساوات]] to show that electricity, magnetism and light are manifestations of the [[برقناطیسی میدان]], developed the [[Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution]] (statistical means of describing aspects of the [[kinetic theory|kinetic theory of gases]]) --> File:Ernst Mach 01.jpg|<!-- [[Ernst Mach]] (1838–1916): contributed the [[ماک]], studied [[shock wave]]s and how airflow is disturbed at the [[آواز د‏‏ی رفتار]], influenced [[logical positivism]], forerunner of Einstein's relativity through his criticism of Newton --> File:Boltzmann2.jpg|<!-- [[Ludwig Boltzmann]] (1844–1906): developed [[شماریا‏‏تی میکانیات]] (how the properties of atoms – mass, charge, and structure – determine the visible properties of matter, such as viscosity, [[حر ایصالیت]], and diffusion), developed the kinetic theory of gases. --> File:Roentgen2.jpg|<!-- [[رونتجن]] (1845–1923): produced and detected [[برقناطیسی ریڈی ایشن]] in a [[طولِ موج]] range of [[ایکس شعاع]]s or Röntgen rays in 1895, for which he earned the first [[نوبل انعام برائے فزکس]] in 1901, namesake of element 111, [[روٹجینیم]] --> File:Paul Nadar - Henri Becquerel.jpg|<!-- [[ہنری بیکرویل]] (1852–1908): discovered [[اشعاعی تنزل]] along with [[میری کیوری]] and [[پیری کیوری]], for which all three won the 1903 Nobel Prize in Physics. --> File:Edward Alexander Bouchet Yale College class of 1874.jpg|<!-- [[Edward Alexander Bouchet]] (1852–1918): First African American to earn a PhD in physics. Overcame racial prejudice and continual financial uncertainty to pursue a life long career in physics. --> File:Hendrik Antoon Lorentz.jpg|<!-- [[ہنڈرک لورنٹز]] (1853–1928): clarified electromagnetic theory of light, shared the 1902 Nobel Prize in Physics with Pieter Zeeman for the discovery and theoretical explanation of the Zeeman effect, developed concept of local time, derived the [[Lorentz transformation|transformation equations]] subsequently used by Albert Einstein to describe space and time. --> File:J.J Thomson.jpg|<!-- [[جے جے تھامسن]] (1856–1940): showed in 1897 that [[cathode ray]]s were composed of a previously unknown negatively charged particle (later named the [[برقیہ]]), discovered [[ہمجاء]]s, invented the [[کمیت‏‏ی طیف پیمائی]], awarded the 1906 Nobel Prize in Physics for the discovery of the electron and for his work on the conduction of [[برق]] in [[گیس]]es. --> File:Tesla3.jpg|<!-- [[نکولا ٹیسلا]] (1856–1943): developed an [[متبادل رو]] [[induction motor]] making AC implementation more practical. Invented the [[Tesla coil]]. --> File:Heinrich Rudolf Hertz.jpg|<!-- [[Heinrich Hertz]] (1857–1894): clarified and expanded Maxwell's [[روشنی]], first to prove the existence of [[برقناطیسی ریڈی ایشن]] by engineering instruments to transmit and receive radio pulses --> File:Max Planck (1858-1947).jpg|<!-- [[میکس پلانک]] (1858–1947): founded [[مقداریہ آلاتیات]] in 1900, showed how the energy of a [[نوریہ]] is proportional to its frequency, won him the 1918 Nobel Prize in Physics --> File:Pieter Zeeman.jpg|<!-- [[پیڑ زیمین]] (1865–1943): shared the 1902 Nobel Prize in Physics with [[ہنڈرک لورنٹز]] for discovering the [[Zeeman effect]] (splitting a [[اسپیکٹرل لائن]] into several components in the presence of a static [[مقناطیسی میدان]]) --> File:Marie Curie c1920.jpg|<!-- [[میری کیوری]] (1867–1934): discovered radioactivity with [[ہنری بیکرویل]] and her husband [[پیری کیوری]], awarded Nobel Prize in Physics (1903) and the Nobel Prize for Chemistry (1911), found techniques for isolating radioactive isotopes, discovered and isolated [[پولونیئم]] and [[ریڈیم]] --> File:Millikan.jpg|<!-- [[رابرٹ انڈریو ملکین]] (1868–1953): measured the charge on the [[برقیہ]], worked on the [[ضیا برقی اثر]], performed vital research pertaining to [[کوسمک ریز]]s. --> File:Ernest Rutherford 1908.jpg|<!-- [[لارڈ رودر فورڈ]] (1871–1937): considered "Father of [[نیوکلیئر فزکس]]", showed how the [[جوہری نویہ]] has a positive charge, first to change one element into another by an artificial nuclear reaction, differentiated and named alpha and beta radiation, awarded Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1908 --> File:Lise Meitner (1878-1968), lecturing at Catholic University, Washington, D.C., 1946.jpg|<!-- [[Lise Meitner]] (1878–1968) – worked on [[اشعاعی تنزل]] and [[نیوکلیئر فزکس]], discovered radioactive element [[پروٹیکٹینیم]] with her colleague [[اوٹو ہان]], part of the team that discovered [[نیوکلیئر انشقاق]], for which Otto Hahn was awarded the Nobel Prize. --> File:Albert Einstein (Nobel).png|<!--[[البرٹ آئنسٹائن]] (1879–1955): revolutionized physics due to his theories of [[اضافیت مخصوصہ]] and [[عمومی اضافیت]], described [[Brownian motion]], awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1921 for his work on the [[ضیا برقی اثر]], formulated [[mass–energy equivalence]] formula ''E'' = ''mc²'', published more than 300 scientific papers and over 150 non-scientific works, considered the "Father of Modern Physics"--> File:Noether.jpg|<!-- [[Emmy Noether]] (1882–1935): Received a Ph.D. degree from the [[University of Erlangen]] in 1907, with a dissertation on [[algebraic invariant]]s. Proved the connection between symmetries and conservation laws in a series of theorems which physicists refer to collectively as [[Noether's Theorem]] which brought clarity to the principle of energy conservation in Einstein's theory of [[عمومی اضافیت]]. --> File:Niels Bohr.jpg|<!-- [[نیلز بوہر]] (1885–1962): used quantum mechanical model (known as the [[Bohr model]]) of the atom which theorized that electrons travel in discrete orbits around the nucleus, showed how electron energy levels are related to spectral lines, received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1922. --> File:Erwin Schrödinger (1933).jpg|<!-- [[ارون شروڈنگر]] (1887–1961): formulated the [[Schrödinger equation]] in 1926 describing how the [[quantum state]] of a [[physical system]] changes with time, awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1933, two years later proposed the thought experiment known as [[Schrödinger's cat]] --> File:Broglie Big.jpg|<!-- [[لیوس دتی بروگلی]] (1892–1987): researched quantum theory, discovered the wave nature of electrons, awarded the 1929 Nobel Prize in Physics, ideas on the wave-like behavior of particles used by Erwin Schrödinger in his formulation of wave mechanics. --> File:SatyenBose1925.jpg|<!-- [[ست یندرا ناتھ بوس]] (1894–1974): Prof. Satyendra Nath Bose FRS, (1 January 1894 – 4 February 1974) was an Indian physicist specializing in mathematical physics. He was born in Kolkata, then Calcutta. He is best known for his work on quantum mechanics in the early 1920s, providing the foundation for Bose–Einstein statistics and the theory of the [[Bose–Einstein condensate]]. The class of particles that obey [[Bose–Einstein statistics]], bosons, was named after him by Paul Dirac. --> File:Pyotr L Kapitsa Russian physicist 1964.jpg|<!-- [[پیوٹر لیونڈیوچ کیپٹسہ]] (1894–1984): in 1934 developed apparatus (based on the [[adiabatic]] principle) for making liquid helium, leading to the discovery in 1937 of its [[superfluidity]]. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1978 "for discoveries in the area of low-temperature physics", shared with [[ارنو الن پنزاس]] and [[رابرٹ وڈرو ولسن]] --> |<!-- [[Georges Lemaître]] (1894–1966): first person to propose the theory of the [[بحری فضائی توسیع]], first to derive what is now known as Hubble's law, made the first estimation of what is now called the [[قانون ہبل]] which he published in 1927 (two years before Hubble's article), proposed the [[انفجار عظیم]] theory of the origin of the Universe --> File:Pauli.jpg|<!-- [[ولف گینگ پاولی]] (1900–58): pioneers of quantum physics, received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1945 (nominated by Albert Einstein), formulated the [[Pauli exclusion principle]] involving [[غزل (فزکس)]] (underpinning the structure of matter and the whole of [[کیمیاء]]), published the [[Pauli–Villars regularization]], formulated the [[Pauli equation]], coined the phrase '[[not even wrong]]' --> File:Bundesarchiv Bild183-R57262, Werner Heisenberg.jpg|<!-- [[ورنر ہیزنبرگ]] (1901–76): developed method to express ideas of quantum mechanics in terms of matrices in 1925, published his famous [[uncertainty principle]] in 1927, awarded Nobel Prize in Physics in 1932 --> File:Enrico Fermi 1943-49.jpg|<!-- [[انریکو فرمی]] (1901–54): developed first nuclear reactor ([[شکاگو پائیل]]), contributed to quantum theory, [[نیوکلیئر فزکس]] and [[ذرا‏‏تی فزکس]], and [[شماریا‏‏تی میکانیات]], awarded the 1938 Nobel Prize in Physics for his work on [[induced radioactivity]]. --> File:Paul Dirac, 1933.jpg|<!-- [[پال ڈیراک]] (1902–84): made fundamental contributions to the early development of quantum mechanics and quantum electrodynamics, formulated the [[Dirac equation]] describing the behavior of [[فیرمیون]], predicted the existence of [[ضد مادہ]], shared the 1933 Nobel Prize in Physics with [[ارون شروڈنگر]]. --> File:Mayer.jpg|<!-- [[ماریہ جیوپرٹ مئیر]] (1906–72): As a [[theoretical physicist]], she received the Nobel prize in Physics for developing a mathematical model of the atomic nucleus, explaining [[spin-orbit coupling]] with a shell model of the nucleus. She was the second woman to ever receive a Nobel prize in physics. --> File:Bardeen.jpg|<!-- [[جان باردین]] (1908–91): awarded Nobel Prize in Physics in 1956 with [[ولیم شوکلی]] and [[والٹر ہوایسن براطین]] for the invention of the [[منتقزاحم]] and again in 1972 with [[لیون کوپر]] and [[جان رابرٹ شریفر]] for a fundamental theory of conventional [[فوق ایصالیت]] known as the [[BCS theory]]. --> File:Wheeler,John-Archibald 1963 Kopenhagen.jpg|<!-- [[John Archibald Wheeler|John Wheeler]] (1911–2008): revived interest in general relativity in the United States after World War II, worked with Niels Bohr to explain principles of nuclear fission, tried to achieve Einstein's vision of a [[unified field theory]], coined the terms [[ثقب اسود]], [[quantum foam]], [[ثقب کرم]], and the phrase "[[it from bit]]". --> File:YoichiroNambu.jpg|<!-- [[یوچیرو نامبو]] (1921-): He is accounted as one of the founders of [[string theory]]. Nobel Prize in Physics in 2008 for the discovery in 1960 of the mechanism of [[spontaneous broken symmetry]] in subatomic physics, related at first to the [[قوی تفاعل]]'s [[chiral symmetry]], and later to the [[برقی نحیف تفاعل]] and [[Higgs mechanism]] --> File:Henry Kendall by Tom Frost.jpg|<!-- [[ہنری وے کینڈل]] (1926–99): particle physicist who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1990 jointly with [[جیروم آئیزک فرائڈ مین]] and [[رچرڈ ای ٹیلر]] "for their pioneering investigations concerning [[deep inelastic scattering]] of electrons on protons and bound neutrons, which have been of essential importance for the development of the [[کوارک]] model in particle physics. --> File:Stephen Hawking.StarChild.jpg|<!-- [[سٹیفن ہاکنگ]] (1942-): provided, with [[Roger Penrose]], [[قضیہ]]s regarded the occurrence of [[gravitational singularity|gravitational singularities]] in the framework of general relativity, theoretically predicted that [[ثقب اسود]]s should emit radiation ([[Hawking radiation]]). --> File:Ketterle.jpg|<!-- [[ولف گینگ کٹرلی]] (1957-) Awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2001, jointly with [[ایرک ایلن کورنیل]] and [[کارل ایڈون ویمین]] for the achievement of [[Bose–Einstein condensate|Bose–Einstein]] condensation, predicted in 1924 by [[ست یندرا ناتھ بوس]] and [[البرٹ آئنسٹائن]], in dilute gases of alkali atoms, and for early fundamental studies of the properties of the condensates. --> File:Andre Geim 2010-1.jpg|<!-- [[انڈر گیم]] (1958-) studied [[solid-state physics]], moving to [[Mesoscopic scale|mesoscale]] and [[nanoscale]] physics later in his career. Awarded the Nobel prize in Physics in 2010, jointly with [[کونسٹاٹن نوسکلو]], for his work on [[گرافین]]; Geim's research in 1997 into the possible effects of magnetism on water scaling led to the famous discovery of direct [[diamagnetic levitation]] of water. --> File:Professor Lene Hau in her laboratory at Harvard.jpg|<!-- [[Lene Vestergaard Hau]] (1959-) The first person to slow a beam of light and, in 2001, to stop light completely, using [[Bose–Einstein condensate]]s. The transfer of light to matter, then from matter back into light, a process with implications for [[quantum encryption]] and [[مقداریہ کمپیوٹنگ]]. Research and experiments with [[Electromagnetically induced transparency|EIT]] and novel interactions between [[ultracold atom]] and [[nanoscopic scale]] systems. --> </gallery> == حوالے == {{حوالے}} == باہرلے جوڑ == {{Wiktionary}} * [http://www.aip.org/statistics/ Education and employment statistics امریکی انسٹی ٹیوٹ آف فزکس] * [http://www.bls.gov/oco/home.htm Occupational Outlook Handbook] * [http://www.bls.gov/oco/ocos052.htm Physicists and Astronomers]; US Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics * [http://www.physicisttv.com/ PhysicistTv] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101115132645/http://www.physicisttv.com/ |date=2010-11-15 }} [[گٹھ:فزکس دان|فزکس دان]] [[گٹھ:سائنسی پیشے]] 7ky5lwe4rmmo46rxtftffhghjxvq7x3 712741 712740 2026-10-22T14:41:49Z Ziv 40019 ([[c:GR|GR]]) [[File:Coulomb.jpg]] → [[File:Charles Augustin de Coulomb.jpg]] [[c:COM:FR#FR2|Criterion 2]] · More precise and not just a meaningless one word name 712741 wikitext text/x-wiki [[تصویر:Justus Sustermans - Portrait of Galileo Galilei, 1636.jpg|thumb|[[گلیلیو]] جدید سائنس دا اک عظیم سائنس دان سن ۔<ref>"Galileo and the Birth of Modern Science, by Stephen Hawking, American Heritage's Invention & Technology, Spring 2009, Vol. 24, No. 1, p. 36</ref>]] [[تصویر:GodfreyKneller-IsaacNewton-1689.jpg|thumb|کھبے|[[آئزک نیوٹن]]]] [[تصویر:Albert Einstein Head cleaned.jpg|thumb|کھبے|[[البرٹ آئنسٹائن]]]] '''فزکس دان''' اک ایداں دے [[سائنسدان]] نو‏‏ں کہندے نيں جو [[فزکس]] اُتے تحقیق کردا ا‏‏ے۔ == مورتاں == <gallery> |<!-- [[ابن الہیثم]] (965–1040): made significant improvements in optics, physical science, and the scientific method. In his book, [[Book of Optics]], he showed through experiment that light travels in straight lines, and carried out various experiments with lenses, mirrors, refraction, and reflection, which earned him the title of the "Father of Modern Optics". --> File:Nikolaus Kopernikus.jpg|<!-- [[نکولس کوپرنیکس]] (1473–1543): published ''[[De revolutionibus orbium coelestium]]'' (On the Revolutions of the Celestial Spheres) in 1543 – often considered the starting point of modern astronomy – in which he argued that the Earth and the other planets revolved around the Sun ([[شمس مرکزی نظریہ]]) --> File:Portrait Confused With Johannes Kepler 1610.jpg|<!-- [[کپلر]] (1571–1630): used the accurate observations of [[Tycho Brahe]] to formulate [[کیپلر قوانین برائے سیاروی حرکت]], described elliptical motion of planets around the sun, developed early telescopes, invented the convex eyepiece, discovered a means of determining the magnifying power of lenses. --> File:Evangelista Torricelli2.jpg|<!-- [[Evangelista Torricelli]] (1608–47): invented the [[بھارپیما]] (a glass tube of [[پارہ]] inverted into a dish), found that the change of height of the mercury each day was from [[ہويا دا دباؤ]], worked in [[ہندسہ]] and developed [[تکامل]], published findings on fluid and projectile motion in his 1644 ''Opera Geometrica'' (Geometric Works) --> File:Blaise pascal.jpg|<!-- [[پاسکل]] (1623–62): experimented with [[سیال (مادہ)]]s, formulated [[Pascal's law]] in the 1650s stating that the [[دباؤ]] applied to a fluid taken in a closed container is transmitted with equal force throughout the container, proved that air has weight and that air pressure can produce a [[فراغ]], namesake of the unit of pressure: the [[پاسکل]] (Pa) --> File:Caspar Netscher - Christiaan Huygens, the astronomer, 1671.jpg|<!-- [[Christiaan Huygens]] (1629–95): studied the [[حلقہ ہائے زحل]] and discovered its moon [[Titan (moon)|Titan]], invented the [[pendulum clock]], studied [[بصریات]] and [[centrifugal force]], theorized that light consists of [[موج]]s ([[Huygens–Fresnel principle]]) which became instrumental in the understanding of [[wave-particle duality]]. --> File:13 Portrait of Robert Hooke.JPG|<!-- [[Robert Hooke]] (1635–1703): formulated the [[Hooke's law|law of elasticity]], invented the balance spring, the spiral spring wheel in watches, the Gregorian telescope, and the first screw-divided quadrant, constructed first arithmetical machine, improved cell theory with the microscope --> File:Cavendish-walk.jpg|<!-- [[Henry Cavendish]] (1731–1810): greatest English chemist and physicist of his age, researched composition of [[زمینی کرۂ ہويا]], the properties of different gases, the synthesis of water, the law of electrical attraction and repulsion, a mechanical theory of heat, calculated the weight of the Earth in the [[Cavendish experiment]], determined the universal [[gravitational constant]] --> File:Charles Augustin de Coulomb.jpg|<!-- [[Charles-Augustin de Coulomb]] (1736–1806): formulated [[قانون کولمب]] in 1785 which described the [[برقی سکونیات]] interaction between electrically charged particles (attraction and repulsion) and was essential to the development of the theory of [[برقناطیسی قوت]], namesake of the unit of [[برقی بار]]: the [[کولمب]] (C) --> File:Alessandro Volta.jpeg|<!-- [[ایلیسینڈرو وولٹا]] (1745–1827): built the first [[برقیچہ]] (the [[voltaic pile]]) in the 19th century, did substantial work with [[برقی رو]]s, namesake of the unit of [[برقی جُہد]]: the [[وولٹ]] (V) --> File:Young Thomas Lawrence.jpg|<!-- [[Thomas Young (scientist)|Thomas Young]] (1773–1829): established the principle of interference of light, resurrected the century-old theory that light is a wave, helped decipher the [[سنگ روزیٹا]] --> File:H. C. Ørsted (C. A. Jensen).jpg|<!-- [[Hans Christian Ørsted]] (1777–1851): discovered that electric currents create [[مقناطیسی میدان]]s (an important aspect of electromagnetism), shaped advances in science in the late 19th century, namesake of the [[oersted]] (Oe) (the [[Centimetre gram second system of units|cgs]] unit of [[مقناطیسی میدان]]) --> File:Andre-marie-ampere2.jpg|<!-- [[André-Marie Ampère]] (1777–1836): main founder of [[برقی حرکیات]], showed how an electric current produces a magnetic field, stated that the mutual action of two lengths of current-carrying wire is proportional to their lengths and to the intensities of their currents ([[قانون ایمپیئر]]), namesake of the unit of electric current (the [[ایمپئیر]]) --> File:Joseph von Fraunhofer.jpg|<!-- [[Joseph von Fraunhofer]] (1787–1826): first to studied the dark lines of the [[سورج]]'s spectrum, now known as [[Fraunhofer lines]], first to use extensively the [[diffraction grating]] (a device that disperses light more effectively than a prism does), set the stage for the development of [[طیف بینی]], making optical glass and [[achromatic telescope]] objectives. --> File:Georg Simon Ohm3.jpg|<!-- [[جارج سائمن اوہم]] (1789–1854): found that there is a direct proportionality between the [[برقی رو]] I and the potential difference ([[وولٹیج]]) V applied across a conductor, and that this current is inversely proportional to the [[برقی مزاحمت]] R in the circuit, or I = V/R, known as [[قانون اوہم]], namesake of the unit of electrical resistance (the [[اوھم]]) --> File:Faraday-Millikan-Gale-1913.jpg|<!-- [[مائیکل فیراڈے]] (1791–1867): showed how a changing magnetic field can be used to generate an electric current ([[قانون فیراڈے لینز]]), applied this knowledge to the development of several electrical machines, described principles of [[electrolysis]], early pioneer in the field of low temperature study --> File:Cdoppler.jpg|<!-- [[Christian Doppler]] (1803–53): first described how the observed frequency of light and sound waves is affected by the relative motion of the source and the detector, a phenomenon which became known as the [[ڈوپلر ایفکٹ]]. --> File:Joule James sitting.jpg|<!-- [[جیمز پریسکوٹ جول]] (1818–89): discovered that heat is a form of [[توانائی]], ideas led to the theory of [[قانون بقائے توانائی]], worked with [[William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin|Lord Kelvin]] to develop the absolute scale of [[درجہ حرارت]], made observations on [[magnetostriction]], found the relationship between current through [[مزاحم]] and the heat dissipated, now called [[Joule's first law|Joule's law]]. --> File:Lord Kelvin photograph.jpg|<!-- [[William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin]] (1824–1907): major figure in the history of [[حرحرکیات]], helped develop law of conservation of energy, studied wave motion and vortex motion in [[سيالی حرکيات]] and produced a dynamical theory of heat, formulated of the [[first law of thermodynamics|first]] and [[حرحرکیات دا دوسرا قانون]] --> File:James Clerk Maxwell big.jpg|<!-- [[جیمز کلیرک ماکسویل]] (1831–79): united electricity, magnetism, and optics into a consistent electromagnetic theory, formulated [[میکسویل مساوات]] to show that electricity, magnetism and light are manifestations of the [[برقناطیسی میدان]], developed the [[Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution]] (statistical means of describing aspects of the [[kinetic theory|kinetic theory of gases]]) --> File:Ernst Mach 01.jpg|<!-- [[Ernst Mach]] (1838–1916): contributed the [[ماک]], studied [[shock wave]]s and how airflow is disturbed at the [[آواز د‏‏ی رفتار]], influenced [[logical positivism]], forerunner of Einstein's relativity through his criticism of Newton --> File:Boltzmann2.jpg|<!-- [[Ludwig Boltzmann]] (1844–1906): developed [[شماریا‏‏تی میکانیات]] (how the properties of atoms – mass, charge, and structure – determine the visible properties of matter, such as viscosity, [[حر ایصالیت]], and diffusion), developed the kinetic theory of gases. --> File:Roentgen2.jpg|<!-- [[رونتجن]] (1845–1923): produced and detected [[برقناطیسی ریڈی ایشن]] in a [[طولِ موج]] range of [[ایکس شعاع]]s or Röntgen rays in 1895, for which he earned the first [[نوبل انعام برائے فزکس]] in 1901, namesake of element 111, [[روٹجینیم]] --> File:Paul Nadar - Henri Becquerel.jpg|<!-- [[ہنری بیکرویل]] (1852–1908): discovered [[اشعاعی تنزل]] along with [[میری کیوری]] and [[پیری کیوری]], for which all three won the 1903 Nobel Prize in Physics. --> File:Edward Alexander Bouchet Yale College class of 1874.jpg|<!-- [[Edward Alexander Bouchet]] (1852–1918): First African American to earn a PhD in physics. Overcame racial prejudice and continual financial uncertainty to pursue a life long career in physics. --> File:Hendrik Antoon Lorentz.jpg|<!-- [[ہنڈرک لورنٹز]] (1853–1928): clarified electromagnetic theory of light, shared the 1902 Nobel Prize in Physics with Pieter Zeeman for the discovery and theoretical explanation of the Zeeman effect, developed concept of local time, derived the [[Lorentz transformation|transformation equations]] subsequently used by Albert Einstein to describe space and time. --> File:J.J Thomson.jpg|<!-- [[جے جے تھامسن]] (1856–1940): showed in 1897 that [[cathode ray]]s were composed of a previously unknown negatively charged particle (later named the [[برقیہ]]), discovered [[ہمجاء]]s, invented the [[کمیت‏‏ی طیف پیمائی]], awarded the 1906 Nobel Prize in Physics for the discovery of the electron and for his work on the conduction of [[برق]] in [[گیس]]es. --> File:Tesla3.jpg|<!-- [[نکولا ٹیسلا]] (1856–1943): developed an [[متبادل رو]] [[induction motor]] making AC implementation more practical. Invented the [[Tesla coil]]. --> File:Heinrich Rudolf Hertz.jpg|<!-- [[Heinrich Hertz]] (1857–1894): clarified and expanded Maxwell's [[روشنی]], first to prove the existence of [[برقناطیسی ریڈی ایشن]] by engineering instruments to transmit and receive radio pulses --> File:Max Planck (1858-1947).jpg|<!-- [[میکس پلانک]] (1858–1947): founded [[مقداریہ آلاتیات]] in 1900, showed how the energy of a [[نوریہ]] is proportional to its frequency, won him the 1918 Nobel Prize in Physics --> File:Pieter Zeeman.jpg|<!-- [[پیڑ زیمین]] (1865–1943): shared the 1902 Nobel Prize in Physics with [[ہنڈرک لورنٹز]] for discovering the [[Zeeman effect]] (splitting a [[اسپیکٹرل لائن]] into several components in the presence of a static [[مقناطیسی میدان]]) --> File:Marie Curie c1920.jpg|<!-- [[میری کیوری]] (1867–1934): discovered radioactivity with [[ہنری بیکرویل]] and her husband [[پیری کیوری]], awarded Nobel Prize in Physics (1903) and the Nobel Prize for Chemistry (1911), found techniques for isolating radioactive isotopes, discovered and isolated [[پولونیئم]] and [[ریڈیم]] --> File:Millikan.jpg|<!-- [[رابرٹ انڈریو ملکین]] (1868–1953): measured the charge on the [[برقیہ]], worked on the [[ضیا برقی اثر]], performed vital research pertaining to [[کوسمک ریز]]s. --> File:Ernest Rutherford 1908.jpg|<!-- [[لارڈ رودر فورڈ]] (1871–1937): considered "Father of [[نیوکلیئر فزکس]]", showed how the [[جوہری نویہ]] has a positive charge, first to change one element into another by an artificial nuclear reaction, differentiated and named alpha and beta radiation, awarded Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1908 --> File:Lise Meitner (1878-1968), lecturing at Catholic University, Washington, D.C., 1946.jpg|<!-- [[Lise Meitner]] (1878–1968) – worked on [[اشعاعی تنزل]] and [[نیوکلیئر فزکس]], discovered radioactive element [[پروٹیکٹینیم]] with her colleague [[اوٹو ہان]], part of the team that discovered [[نیوکلیئر انشقاق]], for which Otto Hahn was awarded the Nobel Prize. --> File:Albert Einstein (Nobel).png|<!--[[البرٹ آئنسٹائن]] (1879–1955): revolutionized physics due to his theories of [[اضافیت مخصوصہ]] and [[عمومی اضافیت]], described [[Brownian motion]], awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1921 for his work on the [[ضیا برقی اثر]], formulated [[mass–energy equivalence]] formula ''E'' = ''mc²'', published more than 300 scientific papers and over 150 non-scientific works, considered the "Father of Modern Physics"--> File:Noether.jpg|<!-- [[Emmy Noether]] (1882–1935): Received a Ph.D. degree from the [[University of Erlangen]] in 1907, with a dissertation on [[algebraic invariant]]s. Proved the connection between symmetries and conservation laws in a series of theorems which physicists refer to collectively as [[Noether's Theorem]] which brought clarity to the principle of energy conservation in Einstein's theory of [[عمومی اضافیت]]. --> File:Niels Bohr.jpg|<!-- [[نیلز بوہر]] (1885–1962): used quantum mechanical model (known as the [[Bohr model]]) of the atom which theorized that electrons travel in discrete orbits around the nucleus, showed how electron energy levels are related to spectral lines, received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1922. --> File:Erwin Schrödinger (1933).jpg|<!-- [[ارون شروڈنگر]] (1887–1961): formulated the [[Schrödinger equation]] in 1926 describing how the [[quantum state]] of a [[physical system]] changes with time, awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1933, two years later proposed the thought experiment known as [[Schrödinger's cat]] --> File:Broglie Big.jpg|<!-- [[لیوس دتی بروگلی]] (1892–1987): researched quantum theory, discovered the wave nature of electrons, awarded the 1929 Nobel Prize in Physics, ideas on the wave-like behavior of particles used by Erwin Schrödinger in his formulation of wave mechanics. --> File:SatyenBose1925.jpg|<!-- [[ست یندرا ناتھ بوس]] (1894–1974): Prof. Satyendra Nath Bose FRS, (1 January 1894 – 4 February 1974) was an Indian physicist specializing in mathematical physics. He was born in Kolkata, then Calcutta. He is best known for his work on quantum mechanics in the early 1920s, providing the foundation for Bose–Einstein statistics and the theory of the [[Bose–Einstein condensate]]. The class of particles that obey [[Bose–Einstein statistics]], bosons, was named after him by Paul Dirac. --> File:Pyotr L Kapitsa Russian physicist 1964.jpg|<!-- [[پیوٹر لیونڈیوچ کیپٹسہ]] (1894–1984): in 1934 developed apparatus (based on the [[adiabatic]] principle) for making liquid helium, leading to the discovery in 1937 of its [[superfluidity]]. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1978 "for discoveries in the area of low-temperature physics", shared with [[ارنو الن پنزاس]] and [[رابرٹ وڈرو ولسن]] --> |<!-- [[Georges Lemaître]] (1894–1966): first person to propose the theory of the [[بحری فضائی توسیع]], first to derive what is now known as Hubble's law, made the first estimation of what is now called the [[قانون ہبل]] which he published in 1927 (two years before Hubble's article), proposed the [[انفجار عظیم]] theory of the origin of the Universe --> File:Pauli.jpg|<!-- [[ولف گینگ پاولی]] (1900–58): pioneers of quantum physics, received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1945 (nominated by Albert Einstein), formulated the [[Pauli exclusion principle]] involving [[غزل (فزکس)]] (underpinning the structure of matter and the whole of [[کیمیاء]]), published the [[Pauli–Villars regularization]], formulated the [[Pauli equation]], coined the phrase '[[not even wrong]]' --> File:Bundesarchiv Bild183-R57262, Werner Heisenberg.jpg|<!-- [[ورنر ہیزنبرگ]] (1901–76): developed method to express ideas of quantum mechanics in terms of matrices in 1925, published his famous [[uncertainty principle]] in 1927, awarded Nobel Prize in Physics in 1932 --> File:Enrico Fermi 1943-49.jpg|<!-- [[انریکو فرمی]] (1901–54): developed first nuclear reactor ([[شکاگو پائیل]]), contributed to quantum theory, [[نیوکلیئر فزکس]] and [[ذرا‏‏تی فزکس]], and [[شماریا‏‏تی میکانیات]], awarded the 1938 Nobel Prize in Physics for his work on [[induced radioactivity]]. --> File:Paul Dirac, 1933.jpg|<!-- [[پال ڈیراک]] (1902–84): made fundamental contributions to the early development of quantum mechanics and quantum electrodynamics, formulated the [[Dirac equation]] describing the behavior of [[فیرمیون]], predicted the existence of [[ضد مادہ]], shared the 1933 Nobel Prize in Physics with [[ارون شروڈنگر]]. --> File:Mayer.jpg|<!-- [[ماریہ جیوپرٹ مئیر]] (1906–72): As a [[theoretical physicist]], she received the Nobel prize in Physics for developing a mathematical model of the atomic nucleus, explaining [[spin-orbit coupling]] with a shell model of the nucleus. She was the second woman to ever receive a Nobel prize in physics. --> File:Bardeen.jpg|<!-- [[جان باردین]] (1908–91): awarded Nobel Prize in Physics in 1956 with [[ولیم شوکلی]] and [[والٹر ہوایسن براطین]] for the invention of the [[منتقزاحم]] and again in 1972 with [[لیون کوپر]] and [[جان رابرٹ شریفر]] for a fundamental theory of conventional [[فوق ایصالیت]] known as the [[BCS theory]]. --> File:Wheeler,John-Archibald 1963 Kopenhagen.jpg|<!-- [[John Archibald Wheeler|John Wheeler]] (1911–2008): revived interest in general relativity in the United States after World War II, worked with Niels Bohr to explain principles of nuclear fission, tried to achieve Einstein's vision of a [[unified field theory]], coined the terms [[ثقب اسود]], [[quantum foam]], [[ثقب کرم]], and the phrase "[[it from bit]]". --> File:YoichiroNambu.jpg|<!-- [[یوچیرو نامبو]] (1921-): He is accounted as one of the founders of [[string theory]]. Nobel Prize in Physics in 2008 for the discovery in 1960 of the mechanism of [[spontaneous broken symmetry]] in subatomic physics, related at first to the [[قوی تفاعل]]'s [[chiral symmetry]], and later to the [[برقی نحیف تفاعل]] and [[Higgs mechanism]] --> File:Henry Kendall by Tom Frost.jpg|<!-- [[ہنری وے کینڈل]] (1926–99): particle physicist who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1990 jointly with [[جیروم آئیزک فرائڈ مین]] and [[رچرڈ ای ٹیلر]] "for their pioneering investigations concerning [[deep inelastic scattering]] of electrons on protons and bound neutrons, which have been of essential importance for the development of the [[کوارک]] model in particle physics. --> File:Stephen Hawking.StarChild.jpg|<!-- [[سٹیفن ہاکنگ]] (1942-): provided, with [[Roger Penrose]], [[قضیہ]]s regarded the occurrence of [[gravitational singularity|gravitational singularities]] in the framework of general relativity, theoretically predicted that [[ثقب اسود]]s should emit radiation ([[Hawking radiation]]). --> File:Ketterle.jpg|<!-- [[ولف گینگ کٹرلی]] (1957-) Awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2001, jointly with [[ایرک ایلن کورنیل]] and [[کارل ایڈون ویمین]] for the achievement of [[Bose–Einstein condensate|Bose–Einstein]] condensation, predicted in 1924 by [[ست یندرا ناتھ بوس]] and [[البرٹ آئنسٹائن]], in dilute gases of alkali atoms, and for early fundamental studies of the properties of the condensates. --> File:Andre Geim 2010-1.jpg|<!-- [[انڈر گیم]] (1958-) studied [[solid-state physics]], moving to [[Mesoscopic scale|mesoscale]] and [[nanoscale]] physics later in his career. Awarded the Nobel prize in Physics in 2010, jointly with [[کونسٹاٹن نوسکلو]], for his work on [[گرافین]]; Geim's research in 1997 into the possible effects of magnetism on water scaling led to the famous discovery of direct [[diamagnetic levitation]] of water. --> File:Professor Lene Hau in her laboratory at Harvard.jpg|<!-- [[Lene Vestergaard Hau]] (1959-) The first person to slow a beam of light and, in 2001, to stop light completely, using [[Bose–Einstein condensate]]s. The transfer of light to matter, then from matter back into light, a process with implications for [[quantum encryption]] and [[مقداریہ کمپیوٹنگ]]. Research and experiments with [[Electromagnetically induced transparency|EIT]] and novel interactions between [[ultracold atom]] and [[nanoscopic scale]] systems. --> </gallery> == حوالے == {{حوالے}} == باہرلے جوڑ == {{Wiktionary}} * [http://www.aip.org/statistics/ Education and employment statistics امریکی انسٹی ٹیوٹ آف فزکس] * [http://www.bls.gov/oco/home.htm Occupational Outlook Handbook] * [http://www.bls.gov/oco/ocos052.htm Physicists and Astronomers]; US Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics * [http://www.physicisttv.com/ PhysicistTv] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101115132645/http://www.physicisttv.com/ |date=2010-11-15 }} [[گٹھ:فزکس دان|فزکس دان]] [[گٹھ:سائنسی پیشے]] hlr93tpl6ihb5wtn2fxu4w0nski5jch 3 142767 712742 695589 2026-10-23T08:30:15Z Syunsyunminmin 31723 Syunsyunminmin پلٹی صفحہ [[ورتن گل بات:Satiorca]] توں [[ورتن گل بات:アルミッツ]]: ؜Automatically moved page while renaming the user "[[Special:CentralAuth/Satiorca|Satiorca]]" to "[[Special:CentralAuth/アルミッツ|アルミッツ]]" 695589 wikitext text/x-wiki ==جی آیاں نوں!== <font size="4"> السلام و علیکم! {{صفحہ}}، تے پنجابی وکیپیڈیا تے جی آیاں نوں ــ تہاڈے کَماں دا شکریہ ــ اسیں امید کردے آں کہ تہانوں اے جگہ پسند آئی ہوئے گی، تے تسی ایتھے رُکن دا فیصلہ کیتا ہوئے گا ــ ایتھے کچھ صفحے نیں جِتھے تُسی نظر مار لؤ تے (شاید) تہاڈے واسطے وکیپیڈیا چ بہتر ثابت ہوݨ: * '''[[وکیپیڈیا:پنج تھم|وکیپیڈیا دے پنج تھم]]''' * '''[[وکیپیڈیا:صفحے نوں کیویں بدلیئے|صفحے نوں کیویں بدلیئے]]''' * '''[[وکیپیڈیا:مددآلے صفحے|مددآلے صفحے]]''' * '''[[وکیپیڈیا:سبق|سبق]]''' * '''[[وکیپیڈیا:چنگا مضمون کیویں لکھیئے|چنگا مضمون کیویں لکھیئے]]''' * '''[[وکیپیڈیا:کم کرن دا وَل|کم کرن دا وَل]]'''<br> * تے اگر تسی وکیپیڈیا تے نیا صفحہ لکھنا چوندے او تے جاؤ '''[[وکیپیڈیا:صفحہ لکھاری|صفحہ لکھاری]]''' تےــ<br> میربانی کر کے گلاں دے صفحے چ اے نشان پاؤ: (~&#126;~~)، اے اپنے آپ ای تہاڈا ناں تے کم دی تریخ پاء دیوے گا۔<br> جے تہانوں کسی مدد دی لوڑ ہووے تے میری گلاں دے صفحے تے میرے کولوں پوچھ لو یا فیر اپنی گلاں دے صفحے تے '''<code>{&#123;مدد کرو}}</code>''' لکھ کے چھڈ دیؤ۔ کوئی وی تہاڈے سوال دا جواب دے سکتا وا۔ اک واری فیر، جی آیاں نوں!</font> --[[ورتنوالا:KaleemBot|KaleemBot]] ([[ورتن گل بات:KaleemBot|گل بات]] • [[خاص:Contributions/KaleemBot|کم]]) ۰۹:۴۵, ۲۹ اکتوبر ۲۰۲۵ (PKT) 9gvvwsj0lchngpyyykx3g2o0yf4re8y 3 149760 712743 2026-10-23T08:30:15Z Syunsyunminmin 31723 Syunsyunminmin پلٹی صفحہ [[ورتن گل بات:Satiorca]] توں [[ورتن گل بات:アルミッツ]]: ؜Automatically moved page while renaming the user "[[Special:CentralAuth/Satiorca|Satiorca]]" to "[[Special:CentralAuth/アルミッツ|アルミッツ]]" 712743 wikitext text/x-wiki #مڑجوڑ [[ورتن گل بات:アルミッツ]] 5lm0gn6dftenxcdvtwvcet8k7924wys