Wikipedia rwwiki https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intangiriro MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.1 first-letter Itangazamakuru Ibidasanzwe Ibiganiro Umukoresha Ibiganiro by'umukoresha Wikipedia Ibiganiro kuri Wikipedia Dosiye Ibiganiro kuri dosiye MediyaWiki Ibiganiro kuri MediyaWiki Inyandikorugero Ibiganiro ku nyandikorugero Ubufasha Ibiganiro ku bufasha Ikiciro Ibiganiro ku byiciro TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 6435 131063 126090 2026-05-08T03:39:24Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 131063 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Sheep lounging in the shade of a tree at Röe Castle.jpg|thumb|intama ]] [[Dosiye:Transhumance moutons chèvres Lille 19 mai 2019 Lamiot d 22.jpg|thumb|ihene]] [[Dosiye:Goats in Ninh Hải, Ninh Binh province, Vietnam, 20240201 1521 4871.jpg|thumb|Ihene]] [[Dosiye:Toro y vacas, ganado vacuno en Guanajuato, MX.jpg|thumb|Inka]] '''Itungo''' (''ubumwe'' : '''Amatungo''' ) == Intama n’ihene == [[Dosiye:Susya-goats-farm--dairy---daroma_28703517684_o_17.jpg|thumb|Amatungo magufi afasha abaturage kwiteza imbere (ihene)]] Ihene n’intama zifatwa nk’inka z’abakene kubera ko zitanga inyama, amata , impu n’imyenda bihagije ku byo umworozi aba acyeneye iwe, binashobotse akaba yasagurira isoko ku bisigaye. Intama n'ihene zirahendutse mu kuzigura kandi kuzibona ziroroshye kurusha inka. *zibyara vuba, kandi n’abana benshi *[[Dosiye:Kugaburira ingurube.jpg|thumb|Ingurube]]zitanga ingano y’inyama, amata, impu, imyenda icungikwa mu kuribwa cyangwa kugurisha. Zifite ubushobozi bwo gukomeza kubaho zirya ibiryo bibi no mu gihe gito. *zimenyereza byoroshye ku myaka no kuyandi matungo *ubuto bwazo butuma byorohera abagore n’abana kuzicunga. Aya matungo kandi atuma uzigama ukaninjiza mu buryo bworoshye. Aho aborozi batagera ku ma banki, ihene n’intama ni ishoramari ribarinda kugwa mu bukene. == Amoko y’amatungo== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! style="width: 12em;" | Amoko !!Itariki!! Ahantu !! Purpose |- |- |valign="top"| [[Imbwa]]</br>(''Canis lupus familiaris'') |15,000 BC <ref name="dog">en:Origin of the domestic dog</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|[[Afurika y’uburasizuba ]] | style="text-align:center;"|hunting, shepherding, herding, companionship, pest control, inyama, transportation |- |valign="top"| [[Intama]]</br>(''Ovis orientalis aries'') |between 11,000 BC and 9000 BC<ref>Krebs, Robert E. & Carolyn A. (2003). Groundbreaking Scientific Experiments, Inventions & Discoveries of the Ancient World. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press</ref><ref name="storey">Simmons, Paula; Carol Ekarius (2001). Storey's Guide to Raising Sheep. North Adams, MA: Storey Publishing LLC</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|[[Southwest Asia]] | style="text-align:center;"|wool, inyama, amata, leather, vellum |- |valign="top"| [[Ingurube]]</br>(''Sus scrofa domestica'') |9000 BC<ref>Giuffra E, Kijas JM, Amarger V, Carlborg O, Jeon JT, Andersson L (April 2000). </ref> | style="text-align:center;"|[[Near East]], [[Ubushinwa]] | style="text-align:center;"|inyama, leather, companionship |- |valign="top"| [[Ihene]]</br>(''Capra aegagrus hircus'') |8000 BC <ref>Melinda A. Zeder, [https://web.archive.org/web/20120204221312/http://web.utk.edu/~persian/goat.htm Goat busters track domestication] (Physiologic changes and evolution of goats into a domesticated animal), April 2000.</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|[[Irani]] | style="text-align:center;"|amata, inyama |- |valign="top"| [[Inka]]</br>(''Bos primigenius taurus'') captive-bred |8000 BC<ref>{{Cite web |title=Late Neolithic megalithic structures at Nabta Playa (Sahara), southwestern Egypt. |url=http://www.comp-archaeology.org/WendorfSAA98.html |accessdate=2011-04-03 |archive-date=2010-10-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101009235228/http://www.comp-archaeology.org/WendorfSAA98.html |deadurl=yes }}</ref><ref>Source : Laboratoire de Préhistoire et Protohistoire de l'Ouest de la France [https://web.archive.org/web/20090626225631/http://palissy.humana.univ-nantes.fr/LABOS/UMR/serveur/recherche/pruvost.html], {{fr icon}}.</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|[[Ubuhinde]], [[Middle East]] na [[Sub-Saharan Africa]] | style="text-align:center;"|inyama, amata, leather, muscle, vellum, transportation, soil fertilization |- |- |valign="top"|[[Zebu]]</br>(''Bos primigenius indicus'') |8000 BC | style="text-align:center;"|Ubuhinde | style="text-align:center;"|inyama, amata, leather, muscle, vellum, transportation, soil fertilization |- |valign="top"| [[Injangwe]]</br>(''Felis silvestris catus'') |7500 BC <ref>''[http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2004/04/0408_040408_oldestpetcat.html]'', domestication of the cat on Cyprus, National Geographic.</ref><ref>{{cite web | title = Oldest Known Pet Cat? 95DOGGIES00-Year-Old Burial Found on Cyprus | url = http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2004/04/0408_040408_oldestpetcat.html | accessdate = 2007-03-06 |date=2004-04-08 | publisher = National Geographic News}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Hazel |last=Muir |title=Ancient remains could be oldest pet cat |url=http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn4867.html |publisher=[[New Scientist]] |date=2004-04-08 |accessdate=2007-11-23 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Marsha |last=Walton |title=Ancient burial looks like human and pet cat |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2004/TECH/science/04/08/cats.cyprus/index.html |publisher=CNN |date=April 9, 2004 |accessdate=2007-11-23 |archive-date=2007-12-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071222092756/http://edition.cnn.com/2004/TECH/science/04/08/cats.cyprus/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|[[Near East]] | style="text-align:center;"|pest control, companionship |- |valign="top"| [[Inkoko]]</br>(''Gallus gallus domesticus'') |6000 BC<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1079/WPS19890012 |author=West B., Zhou B-X. |title=Did chickens go north? New evidence for domestication |journal=World’s Poultry Science Journal |volume=45 |issue=3 |pages=205–18 |year=1989 |format=PDF |url=http://www.adelaide.edu.au/ANZCCART/publications/dom_chicken.pdf |accessdate=2011-04-03 |archive-date=2004-07-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040729044604/http://www.adelaide.edu.au/ANZCCART/publications/dom_chicken.pdf |deadurl=yes }}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|[[Ubuhinde]] and [[Southeast Asia]] | style="text-align:center;"| inyama, amagi, feathers |- |valign="top"|[[Guinea pig]]</br>(''Cavia porcellus'') |5000 BC<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://cavyhistory.tripod.com/ |title=''History of the Guinea Pig'' (Cavia porcellus) ''in Amerika y’Epfo, a summary of the current state of knowledge'' |access-date=2011-04-03 |archive-date=2011-10-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111009161651/http://cavyhistory.tripod.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|[[Peru]] | style="text-align:center;"|inyama, companionship |- |valign="top"|[[Indogoba]]</br>(''Equus africanus asinus'') |5000 BC<ref>{{cite journal |author=Beja-Pereira, Albano, ''et al.'' |title=African Origins of the Domestic Donkey |journal=Science |volume=304 |issue=1781 |date=18 June 2004 |laysummary=[http://www.newscientist.com/article.ns?id=dn6032 ''New Scientist'']}}</ref><reseoger h, {{PDFlink|''[http://www.animaltraction.net/donkeys/donkeys-blench-history.pdf The history and spread of donkeys in Africa]''|235&nbsp;KB}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|[[Misiri]] | style="text-align:center;"|transportation, muscle, inyama |- |valign="top"|[[Igishuhe]]</br>(''Anas platyrhynchos domesticus'') |4000 BC | style="text-align:center;"|[[Ubushinwa]] | style="text-align:center;"|inyama/fat |- |valign="top"|[[Domestic buffalo|Water buffalo]]</br>(''Bubalus bubalis'') |4000 BC | style="text-align:center;"|[[Ubuhinde]], [[Ubushinwa]] | style="text-align:center;"|muscle, inyama, amata |- |valign="top"|[[Uruyuki]]</br>(''Apis spp.'') |4000 BC | style="text-align:center;"|Multiple places | style="text-align:center;"|honey, pollination, inyama |- |valign="top"|[[Ifarashi ]]</br>(''Equus ferus caballus'') |4000 BC<ref>[http://www.imh.org/imh/kyhpl1b.html The Domestication of the Horse]; see also [[Domestication of the horse]]</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|[[Eurasian Steppes]] | style="text-align:center;"|inyama, transportation, muscle, amata |- |valign="top"|[[Dromedary Camel]]</br>(''Camelus dromedarius'') |4000 BC | style="text-align:center;"|[[Arabiya]] | style="text-align:center;"|transportation, muscle, amata, inyama |- |valign="top"|[[Silkworm]]</br>(''Bombyx mori'') |3000 BC | style="text-align:center;"|[[Ubushinwa]] | style="text-align:center;"|silk, companionship |- |valign="top"|[[Reindeer]]</br>(''Rangifer tarandus'') |3000 BC <ref>{{Cite web |title=Domestication of Reindeer |url=http://explorenorth.com/library/weekly/aa080798.htm |accessdate=2011-04-03 |archive-date=2009-03-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090316042918/http://explorenorth.com/library/weekly/aa080798.htm |deadurl=yes }}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|[[Uburusiya]] | style="text-align:center;"|inyama, amata, muscle, antlers |- |valign="top"|[[Domestic pigeon|Rock pigeon]]</br>(''Columba livia'') |3000 BC | style="text-align:center;"|[[Mediterranean Basin]] | style="text-align:center;"|show, messenger, inyama |- |valign="top"|[[Domestic goose|Goose]]</br>(''Anser anser domesticus'') |3000 BC <ref>[http://www.fao.org/docrep/V6200T/v6200T0n.htm Geese: the underestimated species<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|[[Misiri]] | style="text-align:center;"|inyama/fat, feathers, guarding |- |valign="top"|[[Yak]]</br>(''Bos grunniens'') |2500 BC | style="text-align:center;"|[[Tibeti]] | style="text-align:center;"|amata, muscle, inyama, wool |- |valign="top"|[[Bactrian camel]]</br>(''Camelus bactrianus'') |2500 BC | style="text-align:center;"|[[Central Asia]] | style="text-align:center;"|amata, transportation, inyama |- |valign="top"|[[Lama]]</br>(''Lama glama'') |2400 BC <ref name="wichita1">D.L Johnson and B.K. Swartz, Jr. ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20200110013505/https://soar.wichita.edu/dspace/bitstream/10057/1824/1/LAJ+2B21_p42-54.pdf Evidence for Pre-Columbian Animal Domestication in the New World]''</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|[[Peru]] | style="text-align:center;"|transportation, muscle, inyama |- |valign="top"|[[Alpaca]]</br>(''Vicugna pacos'') |2400 BC <ref name="wichita1"/> | style="text-align:center;"|[[Peru]] | style="text-align:center;"|amata, transportation, wool, inyama |- |valign="top"|[[Helmeted Guineafowl|Guineafowl]]</br>(''Numida meleagris'') |2400 BC <ref>{{Cite web |title=Guinea Fowl |url=http://www.thecozynest.com/guinea_fowl.htm |accessdate=2011-04-03 |archive-date=2010-06-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100623052252/http://www.thecozynest.com/guinea_fowl.htm |deadurl=yes }}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|[[Afurika]] | style="text-align:center;"|inyama, amagi |- |valign="top"|[[Asian Elephant]]</br>(''Elephas maximus'') |2000 BC | style="text-align:center;"|[[Pakisitani]] | style="text-align:center;"|muscle, transportation |- |valign="top"|[[Ferret]]</br>(''Mustela putorius furo'') |1500 BC | style="text-align:center;"|[[Burayi]] | style="text-align:center;"|hunting, companionship |- |valign="top"|[[Fancy mouse]]</br>(''Mus musculus'') |1100 BC | style="text-align:center;"|[[Ubushinwa]] | style="text-align:center;"|companionship |- |valign="top"|[[Fallow Deer]]</br>(''Dama dama'') |1000 BC | style="text-align:center;"|[[Mediterranean Basin]] | style="text-align:center;"|inyama, antlers |- |valign="top"|[[Muscovy Duck]]</br>(''Cairina moschata'') |700–600 BC <ref name="wichita1"/> | style="text-align:center;"|[[Amerika y’Epfo]] | style="text-align:center;"|inyama/fat |- |valign="top"|[[Cochineal Insect]]</br>(''Oactylopius coccus'') |700–500 BC <ref name="wichita1"/> | style="text-align:center;"|[[Shili]], [[Megizike]] | style="text-align:center;"|red dye |- |valign="top"|[[Indian Peafowl]]</br>(''Pavo cristatus'') |500 BC | style="text-align:center;"|[[Ubuhinde]] | style="text-align:center;"|show, feathers, inyama |- |valign="top"|[[Barbary Dove]]</br>(''Streptopelia risoria'') |500 BC | style="text-align:center;"|[[North Africa]] | style="text-align:center;"|show |- |valign="top"|[[Banteng]]</br>(''Bos javanicus'') |Unknown | style="text-align:center;"|[[Southeast Asia]], [[Java]] | style="text-align:center;"|inyama, amata, muscle |- |valign="top"|[[Gayal]]</br>(''Bos gaurus frontalis'') |Unknown | style="text-align:center;"|[[Southeast Asia]] | style="text-align:center;"|inyama, muscle |- |valign="top"|[[Mandarin Duck]]</br>(''Aix galericulata'') |Unknown | style="text-align:center;"|[[Ubushinwa]] | style="text-align:center;"|inyama, fat |- |valign="top"|[[Dendo]]</br>(''Meleagris gallopavo'') |180 AD <ref name="wichita1"/> | style="text-align:center;"|[[Megizike]], [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]] | style="text-align:center;"|inyama, feathers |- |valign="top"|[[Stingless Bee]]</br>(''Melipona beecheii'') |180 AD <ref name="wichita1"/> | style="text-align:center;"|[[Megizike]], [[Amazon Basin]] | style="text-align:center;"|honey |- |valign="top"|[[Goldfish]]</br>(''Carassius auratus auratus'') |300–400 | style="text-align:center;"|[[Ubushinwa]] | style="text-align:center;"|companionship |- |valign="top"|[[Urukwavu]]</br>(''Oryctolagus cuniculus'') |600 <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.albc-usa.org/news/sept1a_05.html |title=Interesting Rabbit Domestication History |access-date=2011-04-03 |archive-date=2016-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304061915/http://www.albc-usa.org/news/sept1a_05.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|[[Burayi]] | style="text-align:center;"|inyama, fur, felt, companionship |- |valign="top"|[[Mute Swan]]</br>(''Cygnus olor'') |1000–1500 | style="text-align:center;"|[[Burayi]] | style="text-align:center;"| |- |valign="top"|[[Japanese Quail]]</br>(''Coturnix japonica'') |1100–1900 | style="text-align:center;"|[[Ubuyapani]] | style="text-align:center;"|inyama |- |valign="top"|[[Common carp]]</br>(''Cyprinus carpio'') |1200–1500 | style="text-align:center;"|[[Burayi]], [[East Asia]] | style="text-align:center;"|inyama, show (koi) |- |valign="top"|[[Canary]]</br>(''Serinus canaria'') |1600 | style="text-align:center;"|[[Canary Islands]], [[Burayi]] | style="text-align:center;"|companionship |- |valign="top"|[[Fancy rat]]</br>(''Rattus norvegicus'') |19th century | style="text-align:center;"|[[Ubwongereza]] | style="text-align:center;"|companionship |- |valign="top"|[[Burayian Mink]]</br>(''Mustela lutreola'') |19th century | style="text-align:center;"|[[Burayi]] | style="text-align:center;"|fur |- |valign="top"|[[Budgerigar]]</br>(''Melopsittacus undulatus'') |1850s | style="text-align:center;"|[[Ositaraliya]] |rowspan=3 style="text-align:center;"|companionship |- |valign="top"|[[Cockatiel]]</br>(''Nymphicus hollandicus'') |1870s | style="text-align:center;"|[[Ositaraliya]] |- |valign="top"|[[Zebra Finch]]</br>(''Taeniopygia guttata'') |20th century | style="text-align:center;"|[[Ositaraliya]] |- |valign="top"|[[Hamster]]</br>(''Mesocricetus auratus'') |1930s | style="text-align:center;"|[[Siriya]] | style="text-align:center;"|companionship, research |- |valign="top"|[[Domesticated silver fox]]</br>(''Vulpes vulpes'') |1950s | style="text-align:center;"|[[Repubulika Zunze Ubumwe z’Abasoviyeti]] | style="text-align:center;"|fur, research |- |valign="top"|[[Muskox]]</br>(''Ovibos moschatus'') |1960s | style="text-align:center;"|[[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]] | style="text-align:center;"|muscle, inyama, amata |} == Notes == <references/> [[Category:Amatungo]] iwzb9mq65tubzr4107egol5vl29jdnj 10 11520 131035 84601 2026-05-07T16:22:59Z IdiosyncraticLawyer 18067 Unlike Wikipedia, this wiki doesn't have other title modification templates, making this notice redundant 131035 wikitext text/x-wiki {{See also|Template:Nocaps}} {{Documentation subpage}} {{High-use}} {{No substitution}} {{TOC right}} == Usage == Simply add the [[Help:Wikitext|wikitext]] markup {{tlx|Lowercase title}} at the beginning of a page (and optionally, at the beginning of its talk page). There are no parameters. The markup will only decapitalize the first letter of the page's name in the title at the beginning of the page. Some examples (in different [[Wikipedia:Namespace|namespaces]]): {| class="wikitable" width=370px |- ! scope="col" | Page name ! scope="col" | Will display |- ! scope="row" | [[EBay]] | eBay |- ! scope="row" | [[Talk:EBay]] | Talk:eBay |- ! scope="row" | [[:Category:MacOS]] | Category:macOS |- ! scope="row" | [[:Template:IPhone_models]] | Template:iPhone models |} == Issues == When using the template on redirect pages, the template must be moved ''after'' the redirect, since otherwise it will break the redirection. This, however, limits the template to have an effect only when viewing the redirect page directly. Nevertheless, it is still useful in this scenario in order to document the proper capitalization of a term. When using on templates, please make sure to wrap it with a &lt;noinclude&gt; tag, so that transcluded pages don't get affected. == Technical == This template wraps the [[Help:Magic words|magic word]] DISPLAYTITLE so that it works automatically in any namespace (main/article, talk, template, category, etc.) to decapitalise the first letter of the name of a page it is transcluded on. <syntaxhighlight lang=sql> /* Page using a lowercase title, with or without {{lowercase}} */ SELECT page_title, pp_value AS displaytitle FROM page JOIN page_props ON pp_page=page_id AND pp_propname="displaytitle" WHERE page_namespace=0 AND CONVERT(pp_value USING utf8mb4) COLLATE utf8mb4_bin /* &#greek; */ REGEXP "^([_ :]+|<[^<>]+>)*([[:lower:]]|&#9[4-6][0-9];)" </syntaxhighlight> ==TemplateData== {{TemplateData header}} <templatedata> { "params": { "italic": { "label": "Italic", "description": "If this is specified with any value, italicize the title, except for any part in brackets.", "type": "string" }, "force": { "label": "Fully italic", "description": "If this AND \"italic\" have a value specified, then the whole title will be italic including any brackets.", "type": "string" }, "dab": { "label": "Italicize disambiguation", "description": "If this is specified with any value, italicize the part in brackets.", "type": "string" } }, "description": "This template is used to make the first letter of the page title lowercase. It will not affect the page URL, just the displayed name." } </templatedata> == See also == * [[Wikipedia:Naming conventions (technical restrictions)#Lowercase first letter]] {{Correct title examples}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| [[Category:Correct title templates]] }}</includeonly> r4ypw3jhaljqf6v1c5dgttbxh1kn8kz 131036 131035 2026-05-07T16:23:46Z IdiosyncraticLawyer 18067 Dummy edit; I was referring to the English Wikipedia 131036 wikitext text/x-wiki {{See also|Template:Nocaps}} {{Documentation subpage}} {{High-use}} {{No substitution}} {{TOC right}} == Usage == Simply add the [[Help:Wikitext|wikitext]] markup {{tlx|Lowercase title}} at the beginning of a page (and optionally, at the beginning of its talk page). There are no parameters. The markup will only decapitalize the first letter of the page's name in the title at the beginning of the page. Some examples (in different [[Wikipedia:Namespace|namespaces]]): {| class="wikitable" width=370px |- ! scope="col" | Page name ! scope="col" | Will display |- ! scope="row" | [[EBay]] | eBay |- ! scope="row" | [[Talk:EBay]] | Talk:eBay |- ! scope="row" | [[:Category:MacOS]] | Category:macOS |- ! scope="row" | [[:Template:IPhone_models]] | Template:iPhone models |} == Issues == When using the template on redirect pages, the template must be moved ''after'' the redirect, since otherwise it will break the redirection. This, however, limits the template to have an effect only when viewing the redirect page directly. Nevertheless, it is still useful in this scenario in order to document the proper capitalization of a term. When using on templates, please make sure to wrap it with a &lt;noinclude&gt; tag, so that transcluded pages don't get affected. == Technical == This template wraps the [[Help:Magic words|magic word]] DISPLAYTITLE so that it works automatically in any namespace (main/article, talk, template, category, etc.) to decapitalise the first letter of the name of a page it is transcluded on. <syntaxhighlight lang=sql> /* Page using a lowercase title, with or without {{lowercase}} */ SELECT page_title, pp_value AS displaytitle FROM page JOIN page_props ON pp_page=page_id AND pp_propname="displaytitle" WHERE page_namespace=0 AND CONVERT(pp_value USING utf8mb4) COLLATE utf8mb4_bin /* &#greek; */ REGEXP "^([_ :]+|<[^<>]+>)*([[:lower:]]|&#9[4-6][0-9];)" </syntaxhighlight> ==TemplateData== {{TemplateData header}} <templatedata> { "params": { "italic": { "label": "Italic", "description": "If this is specified with any value, italicize the title, except for any part in brackets.", "type": "string" }, "force": { "label": "Fully italic", "description": "If this AND \"italic\" have a value specified, then the whole title will be italic including any brackets.", "type": "string" }, "dab": { "label": "Italicize disambiguation", "description": "If this is specified with any value, italicize the part in brackets.", "type": "string" } }, "description": "This template is used to make the first letter of the page title lowercase. It will not affect the page URL, just the displayed name." } </templatedata> == See also == * [[Wikipedia:Naming conventions (technical restrictions)#Lowercase first letter]] {{Correct title examples}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| [[Category:Correct title templates]] }}</includeonly> ncc78awokzl68w7mvmok2sdyrd4ya4x 0 13346 131034 125091 2026-05-07T15:06:22Z ~2026-27798-41 18066 /* Early Life and Education */ 131034 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Major IK Kagame.jpg|alt=Ian, wearing a crisp plaid shirt, stands in a composed yet casual manner, with a dignified air of quiet vigilance; his intriguing eyes scanning his environment behind stylish dark lenses.|thumb|386x386px|Major Ian Kagame]] Ian Kigenza (key: gen/ ZAH/) Kagame (born February 18, 1996) is a Rwandan military officer and public figure, best known as the son of President [[Paul Kagame]] and First Lady [[Jeannette Kagame|Jeannette Nyiramongi Kagame]]. Ian who is a graduate of the [[:en:Royal_Military_Academy_Sandhurst|Royal Military Academy Sandhurst]] in the United Kingdom, serves in the [[Rwanda]] Defense Force as a Major and is an emerging advocate for youth empowerment and national development in Rwanda. == <big>Early Life and Education</big> == Ian Kagame was born on February 18, 1996, in Rwanda, into the family of [[Paul Kagame]], a military strategist who was one of the principal figures in putting an end to the 1994 Rwanda genocide and restoring peace to the once tumultuous nation, and is currently the President of Rwanda having served in that capacity since 2000, and Dr. [[Jeannette Kagame]], an African fashion icon, philanthropist and advocate for women's and children's rights. Growing up during a pivotal era in Rwanda's recovery and growth, Ian was instilled with values of resilience, service and patriotism from an early age. Ian pursued his primary education at Green Hills Academy, in [[Kigali]] before transferring to Deerfield Academy in Massachusetts, US, an independent college-preparatory school, and subsequently pursued his higher education at top-tier institutions, such as Williams College, where he thrived in sports, and led his team to victory in his capacity as Track and Field Captain and Soccer Captain. In 2021 he enrolled at the [[:en:Royal_Military_Academy_Sandhurst|Royal Military Academy Sandhurst]], ultimately graduating on the 22nd August, 2022, and was commissioned to the rank of 2nd lieutenant at the eponymous ceremony. == <big>Career</big> == Upon completing his tertiary education and military training, Ian chose to serve his country in its Defence Forces, where his discipline, determination, and healthy deference to authority figures saw him rise up the ranks to major. While he maintains a relatively low public profile, Ian has been known to be involved in sporting activities and charitable initiatives aimed at fostering youth empowerment and development in the rural and peri-urban localities of Rwanda. == Athletic Exploits == In consonance with his passion for physical exercise, keeping fit and his natural athleticism, Ian participates in a wide array of sports. During his time at Williams College,[https://williamsrecord.com/33345/sports/captains-corner-ian-kagame-19/] he excelled in track and field, particularly in high jump, achieving personal bests and numerous top finishes at regional championships. Ian's athletic prowess and constructive competitive drive transcended the high jump pit as he ventured into soccer, playing for the Williams College men's team and representing Rwanda on some occasions at the international level with the [[Rwanda football|Rwanda U-20 football team]]. Also, demonstrating that he possesses both brains and brawn, Ian who played as a Point Guard on his high school basketball team, was said to be a cerebral force in game strategy, working closely with coaches to craft sagacious blueprints before games; he often helped devise the team's offensive coordination, defensive formulae and psychological warfare approach. Ian's mental agility and strategic finesse often played a key part in helping lead his team to numerous victories, proving that he is so much more than his strapping physique and robust masculinity...[https://worldathletics.org/athletes/united-states/ian-kagame-14759906] Despite being athletically gifted, and having received draft offers to play professionally in basketball leagues, Ian's military career remains his foremost professional commitment and takes precedence over any other vocation. Nonetheless, sports have played a pivotal role in positively shaping his character, demonstrating perseverance, team spirit, and indisputable leadership qualities. [[Dosiye:Magia de basquete 2020s.webm|center|426x426px]] {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" |+ !SPORT !INSTITUTION/TEAM !DURATION !KEY ACHIEVEMENTS !ADDITIONAL NOTES |- |High Jump |Williams College |2016 - 2019 |Personal Best: 2.01 meters (6' 7<nowiki>''</nowiki>) on April 21, 2019.[https://worldathletics.org/athletes/united-states/ian-kagame-14759906] Multiple top finishes in Regional Competitions, including: 1st place at Little Three Indoor T&F Championship (Jan 16, 2016) with a jump of 1.82 m (5<nowiki>'11.5''</nowiki>). 2nd place at NESCAC Outdoor Track and Field Championships (April 30, 2016) with a jump of 1.93 m (6<nowiki>' 4''</nowiki>). 4th place at NESCAC Track & Field Championships (April 29, 2017) with a jump of 1.88 m (6<nowiki>' 2''</nowiki>). Teammates with a stellar jav thrower. |Despite not always securing first place, Ian showed consistent progress throughout his time in the sport.[https://worldathletics.org/athletes/united-states/ian-kagame-14759906] |- |Track and Field |Williams College |2016 - 2019 |Specialized in all segments of this sport - with consistent performance improvements over his collegiate career. * 400m Dash: Personal best of 57.23 seconds. * 400m Hurdles: Personal best of 1:05.82. * Long Jump: Personal best of 5.43 meters (17'9.75<nowiki>''</nowiki>). |Ian developed skills from his basketball background, and demonstrated athletic versatility. |- |Soccer |Williams College |2018 |Appeared in 8 games during the 2018 season. Started on Senior Day against Bowdoin College.[https://ephsports.williams.edu/sports/mens-soccer/roster/ian-kagame/3260] Ian was recognized as a senior leader and mentor to younger players, and honoured with the 'Matthew H. Stauffer '96 Memorial Award.' |Played as a Defender/Midfielder (D/M)[https://ephsports.williams.edu/sports/mens-soccer/roster/2018]. Contributed significantly to the team's game plans and its overall charismatic appeal and social magnetism market value. |- |National Representation |Rwanda U-20 Football Team |2018 June 16, 2024 |Debut match against Morocco at Amahoro stadium in Kigali, marking a significant milestone in international play. As Captain, Ian led the Republican Guard team to their third consecutive RDF Liberation Cup victory, defeating BMTC Nasho 3-0 in the final at Kigali Pelé Stadium.[https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/17716/in-pictures/in-pictures-how-republican-guard-secured-third-consecutive-title-victory?utm_source=chatgpt.com] |Alongside his brother Bryan, Ian represented Rwanda on an international platform, thereby enhancing national sports visibility. The Republican Guard team worked in solidarity, breaking through defensive lines and setting up key plays. With tactical brilliance, Ian orchestrated his team's charge to victory, and he looked mighty fine while doing it. |- |Basketball |Deerfield Academy |2012 -2014 |Ian's active participation and stellar performances in the basketball team during his high school years contributed immensely to raising Deerfield's banner as a pantheon of sporting champions. |Played as a Guard, and contributed to team dynamics and player development. |} == <big>Public Image and Influence</big> == In addition to being admired for his composure, work ethic and intellect; Ian in an understated manner is widely regarded as a sex symbol of sorts having become a popular cultural fixation with a myriad of social media accounts and pages dedicated to him. Profoundly yearned for - his towering height, broad shoulders, shimmering bronze skin, deep cinnamon eyes paired with that disarming gaze, and chiseled jawline are frequently thirsted over as seen the in social networking platforms commentary sections relating to Ian. == <big>Hobbies</big> == On the rare occasion that Major Ian Kagame has spare time, and isn't answering the call of duty, it is said he enjoys watching football, his favourite clubs being [[:en:APR_F.C.|APR F.C.]] and [[:en:Manchester_United_F.C.|Manchester United F.C.]] An avid connoisseur of the Arts and Literature, Major Kagame collects rare books and first editions of notable literary publications, as well as artifacts and antiques with profound historical significance from around the world. Ostensibly - African curios, Asian and Latin American cultural relics comprising objects such as ceramics, pottery, intricately woven tapestries and small musical instruments such as the Ocarina, Xun and Charango. It has also been speculated that he composes music, an interest he took up in his latter childhood. In his teenage years, Ian cultivated a personal interest in the culinary arts, informally undertaking classes to hone his craft. Among his favoured pastimes is cooking traditional Rwandan meals for family and friends, with his hallmark dishes being ''Agatogo, Akabenz'' and ''Isombe''. Beyond the hearth, he also dabbles in the ''glacerie'' arts and is regarded as something of a maestro barista. His signature indulgences include a ''Caramel Shortbread Gelato'', a ''Mocha au Pistachio Verrine'', and his much-praised ''Affogato al Caffè Royale.'' Bird watching, photography, classical painting, introspective journaling and of course community service monopolize much of Ian's leisure time. == <big>Personal Life</big> == Ian is a devout Christian, and from an early age, he expressed a wish to join the clergy, having long revered those who devoted their lives to spiritual service; this wish was only subordinate to his fascination with the army and his altruistic desire to serve his community militarily. His steadfast commitment to faith is said to be reflected in daily practices such as Bible reading and mindful meditation, disciplines to which he credits much of his enduring optimism. He has three siblings: Ivan, a neoteric venture capitalist noted for his prescient and forward-thinking approach to investment; Ange, a stunningly gorgeous policy strategist whose administrative acumen lends depth and a novel perspective to decision-making; and Bryan, a stalwart soldier also serving in the Rwanda Defence Forces, respected for his judicious mentality and unwavering commitment to service. Ian is a doting uncle to his beloved nieces, and a trustworthy friend to those in his inner circle. [[Dosiye:A Happy Family..jpg|frame|Ian with his close-knit family.]] == <big>Legacy</big> == As the son of one of Africa's most influential leaders, Ian is extraordinary in the sense that while he is simultaneously fulfilling his civic duty by following in his father's grand footsteps of patriotic leadership, picking up the mantle, he is also concomitantly carving a unique path for himself as an aspiring artist, athlete and filmmaker. Beyond the military precision and dazzling good looks, Ian harbors a tender heart for his country and its people. His life's work thus far has been dedicated to ensuring Rwanda continues to flourish as a beacon of resilience, innovation and unity.<references responsive="" /> kplotje5znaieakvim2ea61b99udgpw 0 16319 131066 94778 2026-05-08T08:47:23Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 131066 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Senbere Teferi Rio 2016.jpg|thumb|Senbere Teferi]] '''Senbere Teferi''' (yavutse ku ya 3 Gicurasi 1995) ni [[Etiyopiya|Umunyetiyopiya]] wa bigize umwuga wiruka hagati na intera ndende wiruka cyane muri metero 1500 no kwambukiranya igihugu . Yabonye umudari wa feza muri Shampiyona yisi ya IAAF muri 2015 . Yaserukiye igihugu cye mu marushanwa y’isi yo muri 2013 kandi yegukana imidari, ari ku murongo ndetse n’abato ku isi ndetse n’urwego rw’abato ku isi. == Umwuga == Yavutse Senbere Teferi Sora, <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20230416124822/https://more.arrs.run/runner/34494 Senbera Teferi]. [[Association of Road Racing Statisticians]]. Retrieved on 28 March 2015.</ref> yegukanye umudari we wa mbere mpuzamahanga mu marushanwa mpuzamahanga y’urubyiruko muri 2011 yaberaga mu mikino ngororamubiri, akaza ku mwanya wa kabiri muri metero 1500, kuri Kwizera kwa Kipyegon . <ref>Ramsak, Bob (9 July 2011). [http://www.iaaf.org/news/report/girls-1500m-final-tiny-kipyegon-powers-to-c Girls' 1500m Final – Tiny Kipyegon powers to Championships record]. IAAF. Retrieved on 2015-03-28.</ref> Yazamutse hejuru y'igihugu cyose hamwe na metero 1500 gutsinda muri Shampiyona y imikino ngororamubiri ya Etiyopiya . <ref name="NC2012">Negash, Elshadai (14 May 2012). [http://www.iaaf.org/news/news/driba-and-endris-impress-at-ethiopian-champs Driba and Endris impress at Ethiopian Champs]. IAAF. Retrieved on 2015-03-28.</ref> Yafashe igihanga gikomeye mu buryo bwa Tiki Gelana muri Women First 5K, i [[Addis Ababa|Addis Abeba]] muri Werurwe muri 2012. <ref>Negash, Elshadai (12 March 2012). [http://www.iaaf.org/news/news/newcomer-teferi-triumphs-in-women-first-5km Newcomer Teferi triumphs in Women First 5km]. IAAF. Retrieved on 2015-03-28.</ref> Mu marushanwa mpuzamahanga y’ingimbi muri 2012 muri irushanwa, yageze ku byiza bye ku minota 4: 08.28 muri metero 1500 ku mukino wa nyuma, ariko yongeye gutsindwa na Kipyegon ndetse na Amela Terzić, amusigira umuringa muto. <ref>Martin, David (15 July 2012). [http://www.iaaf.org/news/report/kenyan-middle-distance-runners-highlight-fina Kenyan middle distance runners highlight final night – Barcelona 2012 – Day Six Report]. IAAF. Retrieved on 2015-03-28.</ref> irushanwa rya Cross country niyo y'ibandaga nyuma yi gihembwe cyo gukurikirana. Yatsindiye Cross de l'Acier mu Bufaransa muri Gushyingo 2014. <ref>Mills, Steven (30 November 2014). [http://www.iaaf.org/news/report/alcobendas-roeselare-cross-country-toroitich Toroitich maintains momentum in Alcobendas – cross-country round-up]. IAAF. Retrieved on 2015-03-28.</ref> Yatoranijwe mu ikipe nkuru ya Etiyopiya mu marushanwa ya IAAF muri 2015 kandi, nubwo yagize ikibazo cy’imvune mu cyumweru cyabanjirije iki gikorwa, <ref>[http://www.iaaf.org/competitions/iaaf-world-cross-country-championships/iaaf-world-cross-country-championships-2015-5540/senior-race/women Flash Interview Senbere Teferi]. IAAF. Retrieved on 28 March 2015.</ref> yajyanye mu gikombe cy’imbere hamwe na Agnes Jebet Tirop maze bombi baba aba ubwoko, hamwe na Tirop yaje gutsinda Senbere muri metero 200 z'anyuma, gusiga Umunyetiyopiya n'umudari wa feza. Umukinnyi wa mbere wa Senbere kandi yabonye umutwe we w’abagore bo muri Etiyopiya ku gikombe cy’ikipe, afashijwe na mugenzi we (ndetse n’umudari wa bronze) Netsanet Gudeta . <ref>Sammert, Michelle (28 March 2015). [http://www.iaaf.org/news/report/55164982e55acf17182fbcf9 Teenage talent Tirop triumphs in Guiyang]. IAAF (2015-03-28). Retrieved on 2015-03-28.</ref> == Amarushanwa mpuzamahanga == == Reba == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa etiyopiya]] q962cpt08mlkh7lyp11bcllzbt52xwa 0 20550 131062 124502 2026-05-08T03:10:11Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 131062 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Iserukiramuco rya Filime rya Hayti Heritage''' (HHFF) niserukiramuco rya firime ngarukamwaka ribera i Durham, muri NC, rikaba rigaragaz'ibikorwa by'abakora amafilime bomur'Afurika bakomoka. HHFF numwe muminsi mikuru ya filime y'Abirabura imaze igihe kinini muri Amerika. Iserukiramuco rya firime ryerekana ama documentaire, firime ndende, na <ref>{{Cite web |title=Hayti Heritage Film Festival |url=https://filmfreeway.com/HaytiHeritageFilmFest |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210830183712/https://filmfreeway.com/HaytiHeritageFilmFest |archive-date=August 30, 2021 |access-date=August 30, 2021 |website=FilmFreeway}}</ref> . == Amateka n'ifatizo == Hayti numuryango wamateka uherereye i Durham, NC. Intambara y'abanyamerik'irangiye, Abirabura bashya babohowe bashinze imidugudu nka Hayti, mumijyi yomuri Carolina y'Amajyaruguru nomumajyepfo. Hayti yabay'umuryango wateyimbere kandi wibeshaho mumujyi wa Durham. Imwe mu nyubako za kera kandi z'umwimerere zisigaye ni Itorero ry'Abepisikopi b'Abanyafurika ryitiriwe Mutagatifu Yozefu, ubu rizwi ku izina rya Heritage Heritage. <ref>{{Cite web |date=February 26, 2021 |title=Hayti Heritage Film Festival celebrates Durham's illustrious Black history while developing the North Carolina film ecosystem. |url=https://clture.org/hayti-heritage-film-festival/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210830155228/https://clture.org/hayti-heritage-film-festival/ |archive-date=August 30, 2021 |access-date=August 30, 2021 |website=CLTure |language=en-US}}</ref> Mu gihe inkomoko nyayo itazwi, mu 1994, abahanzi n’abafatanyabikorwa baho bishyize hamwe maze bategura iserukiramuco rya mbere rya firime ryabereye mukigo ndangamurage cya Hayti kugira ngo babungabunge umurage mwiza wa Durham. Uyu munsi, intego yabo nukugumya firime yumukara wamajyepfo. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-02-28 |title=27th Annual Hayti Heritage Film Festival presenting online and drive-in films |url=https://triangleonthecheap.com/hayti-heritage-film-festival/ |access-date=2021-10-25 |website=Triangle on the Cheap |language=en-US}}</ref> Kubericyorezo cya COVID-19, HHFF ya 27 ngarukamwaka izagaragaramo firime zimwenazimwe zizerekanwa kurimurandasi kimwe nokwerekan'ibinyabiziga. <ref>{{Cite web |last=WTVD |date=February 26, 2021 |title=Hayti Heritage Film Festival happening virtually this year |url=https://abc11.com/10373110/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210830155228/https://abc11.com/10373110/ |archive-date=August 30, 2021 |access-date=August 30, 2021 |website=ABC11 Raleigh-Durham |language=en}}</ref> == 2021 == HHFF ngarukamwaka ya 27 yatangiye kuvakwitariki 1 Werurwe kugeza kugeza 6 Werurwe.Iyo myak'insanganyamatsiko yavugaga "Urugendo rw'Intwari: Umuhamagaro wo gukora." Indwara ya COVID-19 yariyarimbuy'ibirori mw'Itorero rya AME ryitiriwe Mutagatifu Yozefu ryitiriwe AME kugira ngobibe ibintubisanzwe, hamwe n'ibice byokuri interineti Yerekanye firime 40 zohirya nohino ku isi kandi ikoribirori bibiri bya firime ya disiki n'ibiganiro byinshi. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Davis |first=Akilah |date=2021-03-02 |title='Black Southern filmmakers have something important to say': Hayti Heritage Film Festival aims to change black narrative |url=https://abc11.com/10380921/ |access-date=2021-09-28 |website=ABC11 Raleigh-Durham |language=en}}</ref> Ibintu byingenzi byagaragaye mu mwaka wa 27 wa HHFF harimo kwerekana amashusho ya MLK / FBI ya Sam Pollard na The Outside Story, ikiganiro cyiswe "Igihugu cy’urukundo gihura n’abakobwa b’abirabura bayobora kurokoka gucura," hagati ya Omisade Burney-Scott n’umwanditsi w’igihugu cya Shannon Houston. Muri iri serukiramuco ry’uyu mwaka kandi harimo no guha icyubahiro Cicely Tyson, wapfuye ku ya 28 Mutarama <ref>{{Cite news |last=Edwards |first=Sarah |date=2021-02-03 |title=Hayti Heritage Film Festival's 27th Year Traces the Hero's Journey |url=https://indyweek.com/culture/screen/hayti-film-festival-announces-2021-lineup/ |access-date=2021-09-28 |work=INDY Week |language=en-us}}</ref> == 2020 == HHFF ngarukamwaka ya 26 yatangiye kuvaku ya 13 Gashyantare kugezaku ya 15 Gashyantare.Yerekanye filime zirenga 30 kandi yibanda kuri afrofuturism, urupfu, indangamuntu, na politiki. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Wilson |first=Jade |date=2020-02-18 |title=Scenes From the 26th Hayti Heritage Film Festival |url=https://indyweek.com/api/content/cad0cf4e-51bd-11ea-8d28-1244d5f7c7c6/ |access-date=2021-10-08 |website=INDY Week |language=en-us |archive-date=2021-09-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210917212658/https://indyweek.com/news/1-000-words/scenes-from-the-26th-hayti-heritage-film-festival/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ibikurubikuru birimo kwerekanwa ''the Black Chapter'', ''Ijwiryoguceceka'', ''Kurengana'', no gufunga hamwe na ''Subira'' . Muruwomwaka mukuru wahaye icyubahiro John Singleton, wapfuye muri 2019, mukwerekana ''Amashuri Makuru .'' Byongeye kandi, MasterClass yakinnye yakozwe na Obba Babatundé naho hakorwa amahugurwa menshi ninama zabatoza. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Jennings |first=Kyesha |date=2020-02-11 |title=What to See at the Hayti Heritage Film Festival |url=https://indyweek.com/api/content/c37f7812-4d03-11ea-ae46-1244d5f7c7c6/ |access-date=2021-10-25 |website=INDY Week |language=en-us |archive-date=2021-10-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027050931/https://indyweek.com/culture/screen/hayti-heritage-film-festival-2020-picks/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Style |first=Chatham Life & |title=Crossing Culture, Time, and Genre at Hayti Heritage Film Fest |url=https://chathamlifeandstyle.com/f/crossing-culture-time-and-genre-at-hayti-heritage-film-fest |access-date=2021-10-08 |website=Chatham Life & Style |language=en-US}}</ref> == Kwemererwa no guhitamo == HHFF ifata firime mukuyitanga kandi ju ihitamo film nziza mubyoherejwe. Inteko y'abacamanza izenguruka hafi 60% ya porogaramu noneho ikosora. Kugira ngo wemererwe gusuzumwa: # Filime zigomba kuyoborwa numuntu ukomoka muri Afrika cyangwa ukundi kwerekana ko ari Umwirabura. # Amafilime yerekana ibintu na firime ya documentaire ntibigomba kurenza igihe cyo gukora iminota 120. # Ikabutura ntigomba kurenza igihe cyo gukora iminota 30. # Ibikorwa bitari Icyongereza bigomba kuba bifite insanganyamatsiko yicyongereza mugihe cyatanzwe. Urutonde rwibiganiro ntirizemerwa. Nubwo bidasabwa kwemererwa, hitabwa kuri firime zakozwe mumajyepfo ya Amerika. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Hayti Heritage Film Festival |url=https://filmfreeway.com/HaytiHeritageFilmFest |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210830183712/https://filmfreeway.com/HaytiHeritageFilmFest |archive-date=August 30, 2021 |access-date=August 30, 2021 |website=FilmFreeway |language=en}}</ref> == Reba == {{Reflist}} g1bnnznkwfmn4veqsva0tvk463e3ccu 2 22571 131033 2026-05-07T13:15:38Z Sangwa Lucky Dream 18065 Created page with "Sangwa Lucky Dream" 131033 wikitext text/x-wiki Sangwa Lucky Dream gr9evdj2z2gci5bt7bekxx27i4kojku 10 22572 131037 2026-05-07T22:24:03Z ~2026-27789-81 18073 Created page with "{{Don't edit this line {{{machine code|}}} |rank=clade |link= Euornithes|Ornithuromorpha |parent=Euornithes }}" 131037 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Don't edit this line {{{machine code|}}} |rank=clade |link= Euornithes|Ornithuromorpha |parent=Euornithes }} hqu545gx2cyrvw8e06kreumgq278w0b 10 22573 131038 2026-05-07T22:24:44Z ~2026-27789-81 18073 Created page with "{{Don't edit this line {{{machine code|}}} |rank=clade |link=Euornithes |parent=Ornithothoraces |extinct= |refs=<!--Shown on this page only; 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