Wikipedia rwwiki https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intangiriro MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.9 first-letter Itangazamakuru Ibidasanzwe Ibiganiro Umukoresha Ibiganiro by'umukoresha Wikipedia Ibiganiro kuri Wikipedia Dosiye Ibiganiro kuri dosiye MediyaWiki Ibiganiro kuri MediyaWiki Inyandikorugero Ibiganiro ku nyandikorugero Ubufasha Ibiganiro ku bufasha Ikiciro Ibiganiro ku byiciro TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 13098 133528 122435 2026-07-01T20:48:55Z IGANZE 11347 133528 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ahazaza''' ni ishuri ryigenga riherereye mu karere ka Muhanda. Ahazaza ni ishuri ririmo amashuri y' inshuke ndetse n'amashuri abanza , riherereye mu [[Rwanda]], Akarere ka [[Akarere ka Muhanga|Muhanga]] umurenge wa Nyamabuye mu mugi wako karere , rikaba ari ishuri mpuzamahanga rifite imikoranire n'ibindi bihugu . == Amateka Yaryo == [[Dosiye:MUHANGA CITY.jpg|thumb|Umujyi wa Muhanga]] Iri shuri ryatangijwe n' umuyobozi waryo Madamu Raina Luff, mu mwaka wa 2006 ritangira rifite abarimu babiri(2) ndetse n'abanyeshuri 14 bafite icyumba kimwe cy'ishuri gusa , ariko kugeza ubu ishuri ryagiye ryaguka cyane kugeza kubanyeshuri basaga 450 abarezi basaga 19 , ibyumba by'amashuri birenga 15 , inzu y'imyidagaduro ,isomero ry' ibitabo, ibibuga by' imikino itandukanye, nibindi byinshi.<ref>https://www.linkedin.com/in/ahazaza-independent-school-381a10240/?originalSubdomain=rw</ref><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/22548/news/rwanda/tributes-pour-in-for-former-university-of-rwanda-ick-don-raina-luff</ref> == Imikorere yaryo == Iryo shuri riracyakomeza kwaguka uko bwije nuko bukeye kandi ryitwaye neza mu burezi bw' amashuri abanza aho burimwaka riza mumashari atanu ya mbere mugihugu mugutsindisha abana neza mubizamini bya leta bisoza amashuri abanza , ikindi nuko bafite imyigishirize myiza ugereranije nibindi bigo by'amashuri aho bo badashobora kurenza abana 25 mu ishuri rimwe . Ishuri ry'Ahazaza mu mwaka 2020-2021 batsindishije abana ku kigero cyingana 100% ndetse umwana wa mbere mu gihugu yari uwaho , naho mu myaka yindi yagiye itambuka ni inshuro nyinshi babaye abambere mugihugu mu ntara ndetse no mu Karere k Muhanga ikigo giherereyemo . Ishuri ryigenga Ahazaza ritoza abana kuvuga indimi ebyiri z'amahanga, [[icyongereza]] n' [[igifaransa]] ibyo bita Belangue mu rurimi rw'amahanga .Ibyo bituma abana bahiga bavuga izo ndimi zose neza , ndetse nubundi bumenyi n' uburere ni indashyikirwa .<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ahazaza.org/blog |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-27 |archive-date=2022-09-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220927170208/https://www.ahazaza.org/blog |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Intanganturo == <references /> t58eao0zw8un8c5f3a6ghxbbewlgcvf 0 17495 133525 120383 2026-07-01T13:03:11Z ~2026-37734-73 18482 133525 wikitext text/x-wiki RUTI Joel ni umubyinnyi akaba n'umuririmbyi, ni umwe mubayoboye abaririmbyi b'imbyino gakondo mu Rwanda.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/4161/entertainment/music/ruti-joel-drops-maiden-album-musomandera</ref> Akaba afite indirimbo nyinshi zijyanye numuco nyarwanda harimo; Igikobwa,Amariza,Ibihame,Rusaro,Cunda,Rasana,Rwagasabo,Rasana,Cyane,Gaju na Nyambo n'izindi nyinshi.<ref>https://www.google.com/search?q=ruti+joel&sca_esv=56b93db8a3f00b44&sxsrf=AHTn8zrrr4EzY41dAGP_ohPBDxH12holXw:1742386283705&source=lnms&fbs=ABzOT_CWdhQLP1FcmU5B0fn3xuWpA-dk4wpBWOGsoR7DG5zJBjLjqIC1CYKD9D-DQAQS3Z44LBK6yTXN_5587Z3ya9D7hwo9slGPLDAsNLl5XtZMmgWLYCCECmC6vfubQXxuBctbhQGqBEEz1X6DcDvISG4hKmVSmgozwIo7I6g5cIDb3ByOWKBx1T47TIPl0jVUeiJ-OiZWHScq5DyhYfqiTthnO5Tlog&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjqxoHcjpaMAxWtxQIHHUy-B6AQ0pQJegQIBxAD&biw=1366&bih=607&dpr=1#wptab=si:APYL9btYRUOLIuw6a13QmWFQV4lYITW3HG1buLqcMVKFiRgZf3T4BIcndjNfxNlxJ9AO5VJgrPzH3hIc-U3JtVUdgxsszEJWZa-FO-nw8QP9xcZqucOFjEYHU07puW84IV2x82rJ9OOw</ref> == Ubuzima bwe bwite == RUTI Joel ni umwana w'umunyarwanda avugako yakuriye mu maboko y'abahanzi gakondo.<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/136785/ruti-joel-yavuze-uko-ndirimbo-ya-muyango-yabaye-inganzo-kuri-album-ye-136785.html</ref> Indirimbo ze nyinshi zamenyekanye abifashijwemo na Kwanda Music bari bafatanije gusakaza ibihangano byiwe .<ref>https://www.ktpress.rw/2022/03/kwanda-music-sacks-gakondo-star-ruti-joel/</ref> == Amashakiro. == rhnz8fnvzblro3w0em7l4mhfb8dzwl7 1 17546 133533 101661 2026-07-02T11:29:42Z Hareriman Emmanuer 18486 /* Ndashaka inguzanyo */ new section 133533 wikitext text/x-wiki == HELLO == Hei ikibazo nagize kumushinga wanjye [[Ibidasanzwe:Contributions/197.157.185.165|197.157.185.165]] 17:26, 13 Mutarama 2024 (UTC) == Ndashaka inguzanyo == yokwiteza imbere [[Umukoresha:Hareriman Emmanuer|Hareriman Emmanuer]] ([[Ibiganiro by'umukoresha:Hareriman Emmanuer|talk]]) 11:29, 2 Nyakanga 2026 (UTC) ijq5lwqv1xqm1d21yr5mbchwoeotesk 0 20187 133526 130779 2026-07-01T16:34:03Z IGANZE 11347 133526 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kibuye''' ubu rukaba ruzwi nk'urwibutso rwa jenoside yakorewe abatutsi rwa Gatwaro muri Mata 1994 ku [[Kibuye, Rwanda|Kibuye]] umujyi muto uherereye mu burengerazuba bw'u Rwanda ku nkombe z'ikiyaga [[Ikiyaga cya Kivu|cya Kivu]]<ref>https://www.karongi.gov.rw/akarere/imirenge-nutugari</ref>, mu gihe cya [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|Jenoside yakorerwe abatutsi mu Rwanda]].<ref>https://www.minubumwe.gov.rw/news-detail/tariki-ya-11-mata-1994-uko-jenoside-yakorewe-abatutsi-yakozwe-hirya-no-hino-mu-gihugu</ref> Urwibutso rwubatswe ahahoze urusengero rya kera, iruhande rwa stade ishaje ya Gatwaro ahabereye iyicwa rubozo ry'abatutsi, bazengurutswe kandi bufungwa n’inzego z’ibanze. Ku kibanza cyahoze ari stade, ubu hubatswe ishuri, rihuza urwibutso. == Aho biherereye == {| class="wikitable gauche" |{{Carte/MemorialsRwanda}} |} Urwibutso rwubatswe aho umubare mwinshi w' [[abatutsi]] biciwe.Ikibanza cyubatswe aho paruwasi yitiriwe mutagatifu Piyere ya Kibuye yahoze kandi hafi y’ahahoze sitade ya Gatwaro, ubu isimburwa n’ishuri ribanza.<ref>https://www.travelorwanda.com/places-to-visit/genocide-in-gatwaro-stadium/</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=Kibuye, Rwanda - 2008 août - Stade Gatwaro ce mémorial, pour les 10,000 massacrés au stade Kibuye, se trouve sur le côté du terrain du stade. Insid Photo Stock - Alamy |url=https://www.alamyimages.fr/kibuye-rwanda-2008-aout-stade-gatwaro-ce-memorial-pour-les-10000-massacres-au-stade-kibuye-se-trouve-sur-le-cote-du-terrain-du-stade-insid-image437153747.html |access-date=2022-12-17 |website=www.alamyimages.fr |language=}}</ref> Uru rwibutso ni rumwe mu nzibutso zigihugu cy'u Rwanda zibuka [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|jenoside yakorewe abatutsi mu 1994]] . Izindi ni nk'[[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Murambi|urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Murambi,]] [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Bisesero]]<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TK5Nctiam08</ref><ref>http://gmvirtualtour.minubumwe.gov.rw/bisesero/</ref>, [[Urwibutso rwa jenoside rwa Ntarama|Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Ntarama]]<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GtQ-MncCeuo</ref>, [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kigali]]<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-1THxQFJkZ0</ref> n'Urwibutso rwa jenoside [[Mémorial de Nyarubuye|rwa Nyarubuye]] <ref name="unesco">{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=Sites mémoriaux du génocide : Nyamata, Murambi, Bisesero et Gisozi |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5753/ |access-date=2022-12-18 |website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |language=en}}</ref> . Hariho inzibutso nyinshi za jenoside yakorewe abatutsi zagiye zikusanyirizwamo imibiri y'abatutsi bazize jenoside mu Rwanda.<ref>https://www.westernprovince.gov.rw/en/amakuru/karongi-hibutswe-abatutsi-biciwe-muri-sitade-gatwaro-no-mu-nkengero-zaho</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kibuye Genocide Memorial Site - Rwanda |url=https://www.gorillaugandasafaris.com/Kibuye-genocide-memorial-site/ |access-date=2022-12-16 |website=Gorilla Trekking Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref> == Amateka y'ubwicanyi == Umubare munini w'abategetsi b'u Rwanda mu gihe cya Jenoside waturutse mu majyaruguru no mu burengerazuba bw'igihugu. Mu gihe [[Ishyaka FPR - Inkotanyi|urugamba rwo kubohora igihugu cy'u Rwanda]] rwatangiraga ruhagarariwe n'ishyaka rya [[Ishyaka FPR - Inkotanyi|FPR]] inkotanyi,binjiye mu [[Rwanda]] baturutse mu majyaruguru, uduce two mu majyaruguru y'igihugu, imijyi nka [[Umujyi wa Rubavu|Gisenyi]] na Kibuye, habaye disikuru za jenoside zatanzwe n'abayobozi ba leta. Dukurikije imibare y'ibarura rusange ry’igihugu ryo mu 1991, abatutsi bo mu cyahoze ari perefegitura ya Kibuye bagera ku 71225, ni ukuvuga 15% by'abaturage . [[León Mugesera|Léon Mugesera]], umunyamuryango wa [[Ihuriro ry’igihugu riharanira demokarasi n’iterambere|MRND]], yatangaje kuwa 22 Ugushyingo 1992 i Gisenyi. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title={{25e}} Commémoration du Génocide perpétré contre les Tutsis |url=http://kwibuka.rw/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Kwibuka25_Booklet_French_Web.pdf?_t=1555320707 |website=kwibuka.rw |access-date=2025-07-16 |archive-date=2023-04-30 |archive-url=https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20230430065746/http://kwibuka.rw/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Kwibuka25_Booklet_French_Web.pdf?_t=1555320707 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kuva kuwa 20 kugeza kuwa 22 Gashyantare 1993, Kibuye yahuye n’ubwicanyi bukabije bw’abatutsi bicwa byagashinyaguro n’abasirikare ba MRND na CDR <ref name=":1"/> kandi ubwo bwicanyi bwakorewe no muri perefegitura ya Byumba, [[Gasenyi|Gisenyi]], Kibuye na Ruhengeri. Kuwa 4 Kanama 1993, hasinywe amasezerano y’amahoro ya Arusha. Kuwa 17 Mata 1994, igitero cyagabwe kuri [[Stade de Gatwaro|stade Gatwaro]], ikigo cya paruwasi yitiriwe Mutagatifu Misheli ya Kibuye ndetse n’ishuri ry’ubuhinzi rya Nyamishaba . Perefe Kayishema Clément yatanze ikimenyetso cy'ubwicanyi yica abatutsi ba mbere. <ref>{{Cite web |last=République du Rwanda |title=Le 18 avril 1994 : la mise en œuvre du génocide contre les Tutsi à travers tout le pays |url=https://ibuka.ch/download/Planification%20du%20Genocide,%2018%20avril,%201994 |access-date=2025-07-16 |archive-date=2022-12-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221217185646/https://ibuka.ch/download/Planification%20du%20Genocide,%2018%20avril,%201994 |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Dosiye:Une_des_fosses_communes_de_Kibuye.png|thumb|375x375px| Imwe mu mva rusange iruhukiye mucyubahiro imibiri y'abazize jenoside yakorewe abatutsi i Kibuye (Ugushyingo 2022)]] Umuganga w’Ubudage wari i Kibuye mu gihe cya Jenocide avuga ko kuri stade Gatwaro no kuri paruwasi yitiriwe Mutagatifu Misheli i Kibuye hariyo umubare munini w' impunzi z’abatutsi .<ref>https://flash.rw/2019/07/02/karongi-abarenga-15000-biciwe-muri-stade-gatwaro-bashyinguwe-mu-rwibutso-rushya/</ref> Nk’uko byatangajwe na Colonel Patrick Sartre<ref>https://www.igihe.com/ubutabera-2047/article/gen-sartre-yicujije-gukingira-ikibaba-muhayimana-uri-kuburanishwa-ku-ruhare-rwe</ref>, ushinzwe iperereza ku ngabo z’Ubufaransa zari mu Rwanda mu gihe cya jenoside, abatutsi 15000 bishwe ku ya 16 na 17 Mata ku kibuga cya Sitade Gatwaro<ref>gihe.com/amakuru/muri-afurika/u-rwanda/article/karongi-imibiri-117-y-abatutsi-bishwe-muri-jenoside-yashyinguwe-mu-cyubahiro</ref>, ikigo cya paruwasi ya Kibuye, ndetse no mubice bihegereye. Liyetona Koloneli Eric wa Strabenrath yasobanuye ko yasanze imirambo 4300 yegeranye hejuru ya paruwasi kandi avuga ko muri sitade habonetse imirambo iri hagati ya 7000 na 9000 ugenekereje.<ref>https://www.karongi.gov.rw/soma-ibikurikira/kwibuka-ku-nshuro-ya-31-jenoside-yakorewe-abatutsi-byatangiriye-ku-rwibutso-rwa-gatwaro</ref> Muri 2020, abarokotse jenoside yakorewe abatutsi bakomeje gushakisha imibiri y'ababo bakundaga kugirango bashyingurwe mu cyubahiro ku rwibutso rwa Jenoside.<ref>{{Cite web |last=AFP |date=2021-01-27 |title=Rwanda: dans l'abîme du génocide, l'extraordinaire survie à l'innommable d'Albertine |url=https://www.challenges.fr/monde/dans-l-abime-du-genocide-l-extraordinaire-survie-a-l-innommable-d-albertine_747940 |access-date=2022-12-17 |website=Challenges |language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Hommage au courage Dossier : Docteur Blam Wolfgang |url=http://www.francegenocidetutsi.org/NzarambaWolfgangBlam.pdf |website=francegenocidetutsi.org}}</ref> Mu 2017, Claude Muhayimana, umukozi w’impunzi ya Rouen mu Rwanda, yashinjwaga n'[[Ubufaransa]] kuba yaragize uruhare mu bwicanyi bwabereye i Kibuye ndetse no kuba yarajyanye imitwe yitwara gisirikari ahabereye ubwicanyi bw’abatutsi mu 1994. <ref>https://flash.rw/2019/07/02/karongi-abarenga-15000-biciwe-muri-stade-gatwaro-bashyinguwe-mu-rwibutso-rushya/</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=A Rouen, un Franco-Rwandais renvoyé aux assises pour "complicité" dans le génocide des Tutsi |url=https://france3-regions.francetvinfo.fr/normandie/seine-maritime/rouen/rouen-franco-rwandais-renvoye-aux-assises-complicite-genocide-tutsi-1370043.html |access-date=2022-12-17 |website=France 3 Normandie |language=fr-FR}}</ref> == Aho wakura amakuru yizewe kuri jenoside yakorewe abatutsi muri 1994 == sura MINUBUMWE<ref>https://www.minubumwe.gov.rw/</ref> == Inyandiko == <references responsive="1"></references> == Reba kandi == === Ingingo zijyanye === * Kibuye === Ihuza ryo hanze === * Umunsi wo [https://www.theguardian.com/world/ng-interactive/2014/jul/04/-sp-rwanda-genocide-Kibuye-liberation-day-photography Kwibohoza kwa Kibuye], urugendo rwa panoramic muri 2014, The Guardian * [https://web.archive.org/web/20200720072109/http://www.genocidearchiverwanda.org.rw/ Ububiko bwa Jenoside] {{Palette|Génocide au Rwanda}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Kibuye, Mémorial du génocide}} 4o3065brukipxrxj6cktxvm0bsgleft 133527 133526 2026-07-01T16:35:22Z IGANZE 11347 133527 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kibuye''' ubu rukaba ruzwi nk'urwibutso rwa jenoside yakorewe abatutsi rwa Gatwaro muri Mata 1994 ku [[Kibuye, Rwanda|Kibuye]] umujyi muto uherereye mu burengerazuba bw'u Rwanda ku nkombe z'ikiyaga [[Ikiyaga cya Kivu|cya Kivu]]<ref>https://www.karongi.gov.rw/akarere/imirenge-nutugari</ref>, mu gihe cya [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|Jenoside yakorerwe abatutsi mu Rwanda]].<ref>https://www.minubumwe.gov.rw/news-detail/tariki-ya-11-mata-1994-uko-jenoside-yakorewe-abatutsi-yakozwe-hirya-no-hino-mu-gihugu</ref> Urwibutso rwubatswe ahahoze urusengero rya kera, iruhande rwa stade ishaje ya Gatwaro ahabereye iyicwa rubozo ry'abatutsi, bazengurutswe kandi bufungwa n’inzego z’ibanze. Ku kibanza cyahoze ari stade, ubu hubatswe ishuri, rihuza urwibutso. == Aho biherereye == Urwibutso rwubatswe aho umubare mwinshi w' [[abatutsi]] biciwe.Ikibanza cyubatswe aho paruwasi yitiriwe mutagatifu Piyere ya Kibuye yahoze kandi hafi y’ahahoze sitade ya Gatwaro, ubu isimburwa n’ishuri ribanza.<ref>https://www.travelorwanda.com/places-to-visit/genocide-in-gatwaro-stadium/</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=Kibuye, Rwanda - 2008 août - Stade Gatwaro ce mémorial, pour les 10,000 massacrés au stade Kibuye, se trouve sur le côté du terrain du stade. Insid Photo Stock - Alamy |url=https://www.alamyimages.fr/kibuye-rwanda-2008-aout-stade-gatwaro-ce-memorial-pour-les-10000-massacres-au-stade-kibuye-se-trouve-sur-le-cote-du-terrain-du-stade-insid-image437153747.html |access-date=2022-12-17 |website=www.alamyimages.fr |language=}}</ref> Uru rwibutso ni rumwe mu nzibutso zigihugu cy'u Rwanda zibuka [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|jenoside yakorewe abatutsi mu 1994]] . Izindi ni nk'[[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Murambi|urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Murambi,]] [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Bisesero]]<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TK5Nctiam08</ref><ref>http://gmvirtualtour.minubumwe.gov.rw/bisesero/</ref>, [[Urwibutso rwa jenoside rwa Ntarama|Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Ntarama]]<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GtQ-MncCeuo</ref>, [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kigali]]<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-1THxQFJkZ0</ref> n'Urwibutso rwa jenoside [[Mémorial de Nyarubuye|rwa Nyarubuye]] <ref name="unesco">{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=Sites mémoriaux du génocide : Nyamata, Murambi, Bisesero et Gisozi |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5753/ |access-date=2022-12-18 |website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |language=en}}</ref> . Hariho inzibutso nyinshi za jenoside yakorewe abatutsi zagiye zikusanyirizwamo imibiri y'abatutsi bazize jenoside mu Rwanda.<ref>https://www.westernprovince.gov.rw/en/amakuru/karongi-hibutswe-abatutsi-biciwe-muri-sitade-gatwaro-no-mu-nkengero-zaho</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kibuye Genocide Memorial Site - Rwanda |url=https://www.gorillaugandasafaris.com/Kibuye-genocide-memorial-site/ |access-date=2022-12-16 |website=Gorilla Trekking Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref> == Amateka y'ubwicanyi == Umubare munini w'abategetsi b'u Rwanda mu gihe cya Jenoside waturutse mu majyaruguru no mu burengerazuba bw'igihugu. Mu gihe [[Ishyaka FPR - Inkotanyi|urugamba rwo kubohora igihugu cy'u Rwanda]] rwatangiraga ruhagarariwe n'ishyaka rya [[Ishyaka FPR - Inkotanyi|FPR]] inkotanyi,binjiye mu [[Rwanda]] baturutse mu majyaruguru, uduce two mu majyaruguru y'igihugu, imijyi nka [[Umujyi wa Rubavu|Gisenyi]] na Kibuye, habaye disikuru za jenoside zatanzwe n'abayobozi ba leta. Dukurikije imibare y'ibarura rusange ry’igihugu ryo mu 1991, abatutsi bo mu cyahoze ari perefegitura ya Kibuye bagera ku 71225, ni ukuvuga 15% by'abaturage . [[León Mugesera|Léon Mugesera]], umunyamuryango wa [[Ihuriro ry’igihugu riharanira demokarasi n’iterambere|MRND]], yatangaje kuwa 22 Ugushyingo 1992 i Gisenyi. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title={{25e}} Commémoration du Génocide perpétré contre les Tutsis |url=http://kwibuka.rw/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Kwibuka25_Booklet_French_Web.pdf?_t=1555320707 |website=kwibuka.rw |access-date=2025-07-16 |archive-date=2023-04-30 |archive-url=https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20230430065746/http://kwibuka.rw/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Kwibuka25_Booklet_French_Web.pdf?_t=1555320707 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kuva kuwa 20 kugeza kuwa 22 Gashyantare 1993, Kibuye yahuye n’ubwicanyi bukabije bw’abatutsi bicwa byagashinyaguro n’abasirikare ba MRND na CDR <ref name=":1"/> kandi ubwo bwicanyi bwakorewe no muri perefegitura ya Byumba, [[Gasenyi|Gisenyi]], Kibuye na Ruhengeri. Kuwa 4 Kanama 1993, hasinywe amasezerano y’amahoro ya Arusha. Kuwa 17 Mata 1994, igitero cyagabwe kuri [[Stade de Gatwaro|stade Gatwaro]], ikigo cya paruwasi yitiriwe Mutagatifu Misheli ya Kibuye ndetse n’ishuri ry’ubuhinzi rya Nyamishaba . Perefe Kayishema Clément yatanze ikimenyetso cy'ubwicanyi yica abatutsi ba mbere. <ref>{{Cite web |last=République du Rwanda |title=Le 18 avril 1994 : la mise en œuvre du génocide contre les Tutsi à travers tout le pays |url=https://ibuka.ch/download/Planification%20du%20Genocide,%2018%20avril,%201994 |access-date=2025-07-16 |archive-date=2022-12-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221217185646/https://ibuka.ch/download/Planification%20du%20Genocide,%2018%20avril,%201994 |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Dosiye:Une_des_fosses_communes_de_Kibuye.png|thumb|375x375px| Imwe mu mva rusange iruhukiye mucyubahiro imibiri y'abazize jenoside yakorewe abatutsi i Kibuye (Ugushyingo 2022)]] Umuganga w’Ubudage wari i Kibuye mu gihe cya Jenocide avuga ko kuri stade Gatwaro no kuri paruwasi yitiriwe Mutagatifu Misheli i Kibuye hariyo umubare munini w' impunzi z’abatutsi .<ref>https://flash.rw/2019/07/02/karongi-abarenga-15000-biciwe-muri-stade-gatwaro-bashyinguwe-mu-rwibutso-rushya/</ref> Nk’uko byatangajwe na Colonel Patrick Sartre<ref>https://www.igihe.com/ubutabera-2047/article/gen-sartre-yicujije-gukingira-ikibaba-muhayimana-uri-kuburanishwa-ku-ruhare-rwe</ref>, ushinzwe iperereza ku ngabo z’Ubufaransa zari mu Rwanda mu gihe cya jenoside, abatutsi 15000 bishwe ku ya 16 na 17 Mata ku kibuga cya Sitade Gatwaro<ref>gihe.com/amakuru/muri-afurika/u-rwanda/article/karongi-imibiri-117-y-abatutsi-bishwe-muri-jenoside-yashyinguwe-mu-cyubahiro</ref>, ikigo cya paruwasi ya Kibuye, ndetse no mubice bihegereye. Liyetona Koloneli Eric wa Strabenrath yasobanuye ko yasanze imirambo 4300 yegeranye hejuru ya paruwasi kandi avuga ko muri sitade habonetse imirambo iri hagati ya 7000 na 9000 ugenekereje.<ref>https://www.karongi.gov.rw/soma-ibikurikira/kwibuka-ku-nshuro-ya-31-jenoside-yakorewe-abatutsi-byatangiriye-ku-rwibutso-rwa-gatwaro</ref> Muri 2020, abarokotse jenoside yakorewe abatutsi bakomeje gushakisha imibiri y'ababo bakundaga kugirango bashyingurwe mu cyubahiro ku rwibutso rwa Jenoside.<ref>{{Cite web |last=AFP |date=2021-01-27 |title=Rwanda: dans l'abîme du génocide, l'extraordinaire survie à l'innommable d'Albertine |url=https://www.challenges.fr/monde/dans-l-abime-du-genocide-l-extraordinaire-survie-a-l-innommable-d-albertine_747940 |access-date=2022-12-17 |website=Challenges |language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Hommage au courage Dossier : Docteur Blam Wolfgang |url=http://www.francegenocidetutsi.org/NzarambaWolfgangBlam.pdf |website=francegenocidetutsi.org}}</ref> Mu 2017, Claude Muhayimana, umukozi w’impunzi ya Rouen mu Rwanda, yashinjwaga n'[[Ubufaransa]] kuba yaragize uruhare mu bwicanyi bwabereye i Kibuye ndetse no kuba yarajyanye imitwe yitwara gisirikari ahabereye ubwicanyi bw’abatutsi mu 1994.<ref>https://flash.rw/2019/07/02/karongi-abarenga-15000-biciwe-muri-stade-gatwaro-bashyinguwe-mu-rwibutso-rushya/</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=A Rouen, un Franco-Rwandais renvoyé aux assises pour "complicité" dans le génocide des Tutsi |url=https://france3-regions.francetvinfo.fr/normandie/seine-maritime/rouen/rouen-franco-rwandais-renvoye-aux-assises-complicite-genocide-tutsi-1370043.html |access-date=2022-12-17 |website=France 3 Normandie |language=fr-FR}}</ref> == Aho wakura amakuru yizewe kuri jenoside yakorewe abatutsi muri 1994 == Sura MINUBUMWE<ref>https://www.minubumwe.gov.rw/</ref> == Inyandiko == <references responsive="1"></references> == Reba kandi == === Ingingo zijyanye === * Kibuye === Ihuza ryo hanze === * Umunsi wo [https://www.theguardian.com/world/ng-interactive/2014/jul/04/-sp-rwanda-genocide-Kibuye-liberation-day-photography Kwibohoza kwa Kibuye], urugendo rwa panoramic muri 2014, The Guardian * [https://web.archive.org/web/20200720072109/http://www.genocidearchiverwanda.org.rw/ Ububiko bwa Jenoside] {{Palette|Génocide au Rwanda}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Kibuye, Mémorial du génocide}} irnz1bi0temy2abdbuoe8mcezqexaj7 0 23000 133529 2026-07-01T21:37:47Z IGANZE 11347 Created by translating the page "[[:fr:Special:Redirect/revision/229683470|Raina Luff]]" 133529 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Biographie2}}'''Rayina Luf''', wavutse ku itariki ya13 septembre 1933 i Genoa maze apfa ku itariki ya11 décembre 2024 Ni umunyamategeko n'umwarimu wagize uruhare runini mu burezi bw'amategeko no guharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu mu [[Rwanda]] . Azwi cyane cyane kubera uruhare yagize mu gusana urwego rw'ubutabera mu Rwanda nyuma ya [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|jenoside yo mu 1994]] no gushinga Ishuri ryigenga rya Ahazaza. == Ubuzima bwe == === Urubyiruko n'amahugurwa === Rayina Luf yavukiye i Genoa [[Ubutaliyani|mu Butaliyani]], kuri se [[Bulugariya|w’umunyabuligariya]] (umushushanyi) na nyina w’umutaliyani; izina rye ry’ubukobwa ryari Stefanoff. Yize amategeko mu Butaliyani, mu Bwongereza no mu Bufaransa, yibanda ku mategeko mpuzamahanga n’amategeko mpanabyaha. Yakomeje kwitwa Georges Luff, izina ry'umugabo we w' umwongereza (ari naho yakuye ubwenegihugu), nubwo baje gutandukana. Nyuma yo kuba i Barcelone n’umugabo we, aho babyaranye abana batatu, umuryango wimukiye mu [[Ububiligi|Bubiligi]] . Yabonye impamyabumenyi ye y’ubunyangamugayo muri Kaminuza yigenga ya Buruseli (ULB) ndetse akora ibijyanye n’amategeko mu rugaga rw’abavoka i Buruseli mbere yo gukorera [[Umuryango w’Abibumye|Umuryango w’Abibumbye]] . === Imirimo yakoze === Mu 1995, yagiye mu Rwanda nk'umwe mu bagize ubutumwa bw'Umuryango w'Abibumbye bwo gufasha mu gusana urwego rw'ubutabera rw'igihugu. Yahuguye abanyamategeko ndetse atanga inama za tekiniki n'amategeko ku bayobozi ba leta. Nk’umwarimu, Raina Luff yigishije amasomo mu mategeko mpanabyaha, imitunganyirize y’ubutabera n’ubumenyi bwa politiki muri Kaminuza Nkuru y’u Rwanda (ubu ni UR) no mu Ishuri ry'ikirenga Gatolika rya Kabgayi (ICK). === Ishuri ryigenga rya Ahazaza === Mu 2006, yashinze Ishuri Rigenga rya Ahazaza riri i Muhanga, mu Rwanda, agamije gutanga uburezi bufite ireme ku bana bakomoka mu miryango itishoboye. Iri shuri, rimwe mu mashuri ya mbere yemewe mpuzamahanga (Cambridge) muri ako karere, ryatanze buruse ku banyeshuri benshi. == Ubwitange bwe == Rayina Luf yahariye ubuzima bwe kurengera uburenganzira bwa muntu no kubona uburezi bungana. Akunze kuvugwa nk'umuntu ukomeye mu guteza imbere ubutabera n'uburezi mu Rwanda. Yahawe igihembo cya Heneri La Fontene cya 2021. == Urupfu Rwe == Raina Luff yapfiriye ku itariki ya11 Ukuboza 2024, afite imyaka 91 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Vincent Sugira |date=2024-12-12 |title=Tributes pour in for former University of Rwanda, ICK don Raina Luff |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/22548/news/rwanda/tributes-pour-in-for-former-university-of-rwanda-ick-don-raina-luff |access-date=2025-02-20 |website=[[The New Times (Rwanda)|The New Times]] |language=en}}.</ref>, mu Bubiligi. == Umurage == Akazi ke ko gushyigikira ubutabera n'uburezi kasize ikimenyetso kirambye ku Rwanda, kandi ahora avugwa nk'uwabitangiye n'abahoze ari abakozi be ndetse n'abanyeshuri. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} == Reba kandi == === Isesengura ry'ibitabo === * {{Cite journal |date=13 décembre 2024 |title=Hommages à Raina Luff, ancienne enseignante à l’Université du Rwanda et à l’ICK |journal=Africa-Press}}. === Amasano yo hanze === {{Liens}} * Vidéo commémorative : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MabSvR7tp3Y * https://www.laicite.be/prix-henri-fontaine-2021/ * "Ahazaza Independent School." Job in Rwanda. * "Une école laïque au Rwanda." La Pensée et les Hommes.{{Portail|Rwanda}} 35j4gezj63hdvmy3sbi7n8fvg0lxlot 133530 133529 2026-07-01T21:47:49Z IGANZE 11347 133530 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Rayina Luf''', wavutse ku itariki ya13 septembre 1933 i Genoa maze apfa ku itariki ya11 décembre 2024 Ni umunyamategeko n'umwarimu wagize uruhare runini mu burezi bw'amategeko no guharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu mu [[Rwanda]] . Azwi cyane cyane kubera uruhare yagize mu gusana urwego rw'ubutabera mu Rwanda nyuma ya [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|jenoside yo mu 1994]] no gushinga Ishuri ryigenga rya Ahazaza. == Ubuzima bwe == === Urubyiruko n'amahugurwa === Rayina Luf yavukiye i Genoa [[Ubutaliyani|mu Butaliyani]], kuri se [[Bulugariya|w’umunyabuligariya]] (umushushanyi) na nyina w’umutaliyani; izina rye ry’ubukobwa ryari Stefanoff. Yize amategeko mu Butaliyani, mu Bwongereza no mu Bufaransa, yibanda ku mategeko mpuzamahanga n’amategeko mpanabyaha. Yakomeje kwitwa Georges Luff, izina ry'umugabo we w' umwongereza (ari naho yakuye ubwenegihugu), nubwo baje gutandukana. Nyuma yo kuba i Barcelone n’umugabo we, aho babyaranye abana batatu, umuryango wimukiye mu [[Ububiligi|Bubiligi]] . Yabonye impamyabumenyi ye y’ubunyangamugayo muri Kaminuza yigenga ya Buruseli (ULB) ndetse akora ibijyanye n’amategeko mu rugaga rw’abavoka i Buruseli mbere yo gukorera [[Umuryango w’Abibumye|Umuryango w’Abibumbye]] .<ref name=":0">https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/22548/news/rwanda/tributes-pour-in-for-former-university-of-rwanda-ick-don-raina-luff</ref><ref>https://kigalitoday.com/ubutabera/amakuru/Raina-Luff-araregera-indishyi-za-miliyoni-32-kubera-ko-bamusebeje</ref> === Imirimo yakoze === Mu 1995, yagiye mu Rwanda nk'umwe mu bagize ubutumwa bw'Umuryango w'Abibumbye bwo gufasha mu gusana urwego rw'ubutabera rw'igihugu. Yahuguye abanyamategeko ndetse atanga inama za tekiniki n'amategeko ku bayobozi ba leta. Nk’umwarimu, Raina Luff yigishije amasomo mu mategeko mpanabyaha, imitunganyirize y’ubutabera n’ubumenyi bwa politiki muri Kaminuza Nkuru y’u Rwanda (ubu ni UR) no mu Ishuri ry'ikirenga Gatolika rya Kabgayi (ICK). === Ishuri ryigenga rya Ahazaza === Mu 2006, yashinze Ishuri Rigenga rya Ahazaza riri i Muhanga, mu Rwanda, agamije gutanga uburezi bufite ireme ku bana bakomoka mu miryango itishoboye. Iri shuri, rimwe mu mashuri ya mbere yemewe mpuzamahanga (Cambridge) muri ako karere, ryatanze buruse ku banyeshuri benshi.<ref>https://ickjournalism.com/honoring-raina-luff-ahazaza-school-founder-and-former-ick-lecturer-passes-away/</ref> == Ubwitange bwe == Rayina Luf yahariye ubuzima bwe kurengera uburenganzira bwa muntu no kubona uburezi bungana. Akunze kuvugwa nk'umuntu ukomeye mu guteza imbere ubutabera n'uburezi mu Rwanda. Yahawe igihembo cya Heneri La Fontene cya 2021. == Urupfu Rwe == Raina Luff yapfiriye ku itariki ya11 Ukuboza 2024, afite imyaka 91 , mu Bubiligi.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Vincent Sugira |date=2024-12-12 |title=Tributes pour in for former University of Rwanda, ICK don Raina Luff |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/22548/news/rwanda/tributes-pour-in-for-former-university-of-rwanda-ick-don-raina-luff |access-date=2025-02-20 |website=[[The New Times (Rwanda)|The New Times]] |language=en}}.</ref> ===== Umurage ===== Akazi ke ko gushyigikira ubutabera n'uburezi kasize ikimenyetso kirambye ku Rwanda, kandi ahora avugwa nk'uwabitangiye n'abahoze ari abakozi be ndetse n'abanyeshuri. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} == Reba kandi == ====== Inyandiko Rugero ====== * Vidéo commémorative : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MabSvR7tp3Y * https://www.laicite.be/prix-henri-fontaine-2021/ * "Ahazaza Independent School." Job in Rwanda. * "Une école laïque au Rwanda." La Pensée et les Hommes.{{Portail|Rwanda}} 8rpo73xb8vvxah96rp2z0prtw7dqmbs 133531 133530 2026-07-01T21:54:04Z IGANZE 11347 133531 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Rayina Laf''', wavutse ku itariki ya13 septembre 1933 i Genoa maze apfa ku itariki ya11 décembre 2024 Ni umunyamategeko n'umwarimu wagize uruhare runini mu burezi bw'amategeko no guharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu mu [[Rwanda]] . Azwi cyane cyane kubera uruhare yagize mu gusana urwego rw'ubutabera mu Rwanda nyuma ya [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|jenoside yo mu 1994]] no gushinga Ishuri ryigenga rya Ahazaza. == Ubuzima bwe == === Urubyiruko n'amahugurwa === Rayina Laf yavukiye i Genoa [[Ubutaliyani|mu Butaliyani]], kuri se [[Bulugariya|w’umunyabuligariya]] (umushushanyi) na nyina w’umutaliyani; izina rye ry’ubukobwa ryari Stefanoff. Yize amategeko mu Butaliyani, mu Bwongereza no mu Bufaransa, yibanda ku mategeko mpuzamahanga n’amategeko mpanabyaha. Yakomeje kwitwa Georges Luff, izina ry'umugabo we w' umwongereza (ari naho yakuye ubwenegihugu), nubwo baje gutandukana. Nyuma yo kuba i Barcelone n’umugabo we, aho babyaranye abana batatu, umuryango wimukiye mu [[Ububiligi|Bubiligi]] . Yabonye impamyabumenyi ye y’ubunyangamugayo muri Kaminuza yigenga ya Buruseli (ULB) ndetse akora ibijyanye n’amategeko mu rugaga rw’abavoka i Buruseli mbere yo gukorera [[Umuryango w’Abibumye|Umuryango w’Abibumbye]] .<ref name=":0">https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/22548/news/rwanda/tributes-pour-in-for-former-university-of-rwanda-ick-don-raina-luff</ref><ref>https://kigalitoday.com/ubutabera/amakuru/Raina-Luff-araregera-indishyi-za-miliyoni-32-kubera-ko-bamusebeje</ref> === Imirimo yakoze === Mu 1995, yagiye mu Rwanda nk'umwe mu bagize ubutumwa bw'Umuryango w'Abibumbye bwo gufasha mu gusana urwego rw'ubutabera rw'igihugu. Yahuguye abanyamategeko ndetse atanga inama za tekiniki n'amategeko ku bayobozi ba leta. Nk’umwarimu, Rayina Laf yigishije amasomo mu mategeko mpanabyaha, imitunganyirize y’ubutabera n’ubumenyi bwa politiki muri Kaminuza Nkuru y’u Rwanda (ubu ni UR) no mu Ishuri ry'ikirenga Gatolika rya Kabgayi (ICK). === Ishuri ryigenga rya Ahazaza === Mu 2006, yashinze Ishuri Rigenga rya Ahazaza riri i Muhanga, mu Rwanda, agamije gutanga uburezi bufite ireme ku bana bakomoka mu miryango itishoboye. Iri shuri, rimwe mu mashuri ya mbere yemewe mpuzamahanga (Cambridge) muri ako karere, ryatanze buruse ku banyeshuri benshi.<ref>https://ickjournalism.com/honoring-raina-luff-ahazaza-school-founder-and-former-ick-lecturer-passes-away/</ref> == Ubwitange bwe == Rayina Laf yahariye ubuzima bwe kurengera uburenganzira bwa muntu no kubona uburezi bungana. Akunze kuvugwa nk'umuntu ukomeye mu guteza imbere ubutabera n'uburezi mu Rwanda. Yahawe igihembo cya Heneri La Fontene cya 2021. == Urupfu Rwe == Rayina Laf yapfiriye ku itariki ya11 Ukuboza 2024, afite imyaka 91 , mu Bubiligi.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Vincent Sugira |date=2024-12-12 |title=Tributes pour in for former University of Rwanda, ICK don Raina Luff |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/22548/news/rwanda/tributes-pour-in-for-former-university-of-rwanda-ick-don-raina-luff |access-date=2025-02-20 |website=[[The New Times (Rwanda)|The New Times]] |language=en}}.</ref> ===== Umurage ===== Akazi ke ko gushyigikira ubutabera n'uburezi kasize ikimenyetso kirambye ku Rwanda, kandi ahora avugwa nk'uwabitangiye n'abahoze ari abakozi be ndetse n'abanyeshuri. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} == Reba kandi == ====== Inyandiko Rugero ====== * Vidéo commémorative : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MabSvR7tp3Y * https://www.laicite.be/prix-henri-fontaine-2021/ * "Ahazaza Independent School." Job in Rwanda. * "Une école laïque au Rwanda." La Pensée et les Hommes.{{Portail|Rwanda}} fde79rik26cmvgdwn901iqb97p1pcnk 133532 133531 2026-07-01T22:16:31Z IGANZE 11347 ifoto 133532 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Raina Luff.jpg|thumb|Raina Luff washinze Ishuri ryigenga Ahazaza]] '''Rayina Laf''', wavutse ku itariki ya13 septembre 1933 i Genoa maze apfa ku itariki ya11 décembre 2024 Ni umunyamategeko n'umwarimu wagize uruhare runini mu burezi bw'amategeko no guharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu mu [[Rwanda]] . Azwi cyane cyane kubera uruhare yagize mu gusana urwego rw'ubutabera mu Rwanda nyuma ya [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|jenoside yo mu 1994]] no gushinga Ishuri ryigenga rya Ahazaza. == Ubuzima bwe == === Urubyiruko n'amahugurwa === Rayina Laf yavukiye i Genoa [[Ubutaliyani|mu Butaliyani]], kuri se [[Bulugariya|w’umunyabuligariya]] (umushushanyi) na nyina w’umutaliyani; izina rye ry’ubukobwa ryari Stefanoff. Yize amategeko mu Butaliyani, mu Bwongereza no mu Bufaransa, yibanda ku mategeko mpuzamahanga n’amategeko mpanabyaha. Yakomeje kwitwa Georges Luff, izina ry'umugabo we w' umwongereza (ari naho yakuye ubwenegihugu), nubwo baje gutandukana. Nyuma yo kuba i Barcelone n’umugabo we, aho babyaranye abana batatu, umuryango wimukiye mu [[Ububiligi|Bubiligi]] . Yabonye impamyabumenyi ye y’ubunyangamugayo muri Kaminuza yigenga ya Buruseli (ULB) ndetse akora ibijyanye n’amategeko mu rugaga rw’abavoka i Buruseli mbere yo gukorera [[Umuryango w’Abibumye|Umuryango w’Abibumbye]] .<ref name=":0">https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/22548/news/rwanda/tributes-pour-in-for-former-university-of-rwanda-ick-don-raina-luff</ref><ref>https://kigalitoday.com/ubutabera/amakuru/Raina-Luff-araregera-indishyi-za-miliyoni-32-kubera-ko-bamusebeje</ref> === Imirimo yakoze === Mu 1995, yagiye mu Rwanda nk'umwe mu bagize ubutumwa bw'Umuryango w'Abibumbye bwo gufasha mu gusana urwego rw'ubutabera rw'igihugu. Yahuguye abanyamategeko ndetse atanga inama za tekiniki n'amategeko ku bayobozi ba leta. Nk’umwarimu, Rayina Laf yigishije amasomo mu mategeko mpanabyaha, imitunganyirize y’ubutabera n’ubumenyi bwa politiki muri Kaminuza Nkuru y’u Rwanda (ubu ni UR) no mu Ishuri ry'ikirenga Gatolika rya Kabgayi (ICK). === Ishuri ryigenga rya Ahazaza === Mu 2006, yashinze Ishuri Rigenga rya Ahazaza riri i Muhanga, mu Rwanda, agamije gutanga uburezi bufite ireme ku bana bakomoka mu miryango itishoboye. Iri shuri, rimwe mu mashuri ya mbere yemewe mpuzamahanga (Cambridge) muri ako karere, ryatanze buruse ku banyeshuri benshi.<ref>https://ickjournalism.com/honoring-raina-luff-ahazaza-school-founder-and-former-ick-lecturer-passes-away/</ref> == Ubwitange bwe == Rayina Laf yahariye ubuzima bwe kurengera uburenganzira bwa muntu no kubona uburezi bungana. Akunze kuvugwa nk'umuntu ukomeye mu guteza imbere ubutabera n'uburezi mu Rwanda. Yahawe igihembo cya Heneri La Fontene cya 2021. == Urupfu Rwe == Rayina Laf yapfiriye ku itariki ya11 Ukuboza 2024, afite imyaka 91 , mu Bubiligi.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Vincent Sugira |date=2024-12-12 |title=Tributes pour in for former University of Rwanda, ICK don Raina Luff |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/22548/news/rwanda/tributes-pour-in-for-former-university-of-rwanda-ick-don-raina-luff |access-date=2025-02-20 |website=[[The New Times (Rwanda)|The New Times]] |language=en}}.</ref> ===== Umurage ===== Akazi ke ko gushyigikira ubutabera n'uburezi kasize ikimenyetso kirambye ku Rwanda, kandi ahora avugwa nk'uwabitangiye n'abahoze ari abakozi be ndetse n'abanyeshuri. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} == Reba kandi == ====== Inyandiko Rugero ====== * Vidéo commémorative : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MabSvR7tp3Y * https://www.laicite.be/prix-henri-fontaine-2021/ * "Ahazaza Independent School." Job in Rwanda. * "Une école laïque au Rwanda." La Pensée et les Hommes.{{Portail|Rwanda}} 17je74menkjiz0kispunies3olfz6rf