Wikipedia rwwiki https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intangiriro MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.10 first-letter Itangazamakuru Ibidasanzwe Ibiganiro Umukoresha Ibiganiro by'umukoresha Wikipedia Ibiganiro kuri Wikipedia Dosiye Ibiganiro kuri dosiye MediyaWiki Ibiganiro kuri MediyaWiki Inyandikorugero Ibiganiro ku nyandikorugero Ubufasha Ibiganiro ku bufasha Ikiciro Ibiganiro ku byiciro TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 2005 133696 133078 2026-07-08T14:16:42Z NSHUTIYIMANA Moise 17987 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 133696 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Tanzania.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ibendera rya Tanzaniya</span>]] [[File:Coat of arms of Tanzania.svg|thumb]] [[File:Tanzania in its region.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita ya Tanzaniya</span>]] [[Dosiye:Tanzania_map-sw.svg|thumb|Ikarita ya Tanzania ]]{{Databox|excludeProperties=Q924}} '''Tanzaniya''' cyangwa '''Repubulika Yunze Ubumwe ya Tanzaniya''' (izina mu [[giswayili]]: ''Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania'' ; izina mu [[cyongereza]] : ''United Republic of Tanzania'' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]] y'iburasirazuba. [[Umujyi]] mukuru wa Tanzaniya witwa [[Dodoma]]. [[Tanzaniya]] (/ ˌtænzəˈniːə /, [14] [15] [icyitonderwa 2] Igiswahiri: Agace k'ibiyaga bigari. Irahana imbibi na Uganda mu majyaruguru; Kenya mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba; Ibirwa bya Comoro n'Inyanja y'Ubuhinde mu burasirazuba; [[Mozambike|Mozambique]] na Malawi mu majyepfo; [[Zambiya]] mu majyepfo y'uburengerazuba; n'u [[Rwanda]], u [[Uburundi|Burundi]], na [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]] mu burengerazuba. Umusozi wa [[Umusozi wa Kilimanjaro|Kilimanjaro]], umusozi muremure wa Afurika, uri mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba bwa Tanzaniya. Ibisigazwa byinshi by’ibinyabuzima byavumbuwe muri Tanzaniya, nk’ibinyabuzima bya Pliocene bimaze imyaka miriyoni 6. Ubwoko bwa Australopithecus bwabaye muri Afrika yose hashize imyaka 4 kugeza kuri 2; n'ibisigazwa bya kera cyane byo mu bwoko bwa Homo tubisanga hafi y'Ikiyaga cya Olduvai. Nyuma yo kuzamuka kwa Homo erectus mu myaka miriyoni 1.8 ishize, ikiremwamuntu cyakwirakwiriye ku Isi Kera, nyuma mu Isi Nshya na Ositaraliya munsi y’ubwoko bwa Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens nayo yarengeje Afurika kandi ikurura ubwoko bwa kera bwakera nubwoko bwikiremwamuntu. Amwe mu moko ya kera azwi akiriho, Hadzabe, asa nkaho yakomotse muri Tanzaniya, kandi amateka yabo yo mu kanwa aributsa abakurambere bari barebare kandi babaye aba mbere mu gukoresha umuriro, imiti, kandi babaga mu buvumo, nka Homo erectus cyangwa Homo heidelbergensis wabaga mu karere kamwe mbere yabo. Nyuma mu gihe cy'Amabuye na Bronze, abimukira mbere ya kera muri Tanzaniya barimo abavuga Cushitike y'Amajyepfo bimukiye mu majyepfo bava muri [[Etiyopiya]] y'ubu; na Nilote y'Amajyepfo, harimo na Datoog, wakomotse mu karere gahana imbibi na Sudani y'Amajyepfo na Etiyopiya hagati y’imyaka 2.900 na 2.400 ishize. [16]: urupapuro rwa 18 Izi ngendo zabaye mu gihe kimwe no gutura kwa Mashariki. Bantu ukomoka muri Afrika yuburengerazuba mu kiyaga cya Victoria no mu kiyaga cya Tanganyika. Nyuma yaho bimukiye mu bindi bihugu bya Tanzaniya hagati yimyaka 2.300 na 1.700 ishize. [16] Ubutegetsi [[Abadage|bw'Abadage]] bwatangiriye ku mugabane wa Tanzaniya mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 19 igihe Ubudage bwashingaga Afurika y'Uburasirazuba bw'Ubudage. Ibyo byakurikiwe n’ubutegetsi bw’Abongereza nyuma y’Intambara ya Mbere y'Isi Yose, umugabane w’igihugu wategekwaga nka Tanganyika, hamwe na Archipelago ya Zanzibar hasigaye ububasha bw’abakoloni. Nyuma y'ubwigenge bwabo mu 1961 na 1963, izo nzego zombi zishyize hamwe mu 1964 zishyiraho Repubulika yunze ubumwe ya Tanzaniya. Ibihugu byari byinjiye mu muryango w’[[Ubwongereza]] mu 1961 kandi Tanzaniya iracyari umunyamuryango wa Commonwealth nka repubulika imwe. [[Umuryango w’Abibumye|Umuryango w'abibumbye]] wavuze ko abaturage ba Tanzaniya mu mwaka wa 2018 bagera kuri miliyoni 56.31, ukaba ari muto ugereranije na Afurika y'Epfo, bityo kikaba igihugu cya kabiri gituwe cyane giherereye mu majyepfo ya Ekwateri. [7] Abaturage bagizwe n’amoko agera ku 120, [20] y’indimi, n’amadini. Igihugu cyigenga cya Tanzaniya ni repubulika ishingiye ku itegekonshinga rya perezida kandi kuva mu 1996 [[umurwa]] mukuru wacyo ni Dodoma aho ibiro bya perezida, Inteko ishinga amategeko, na minisiteri zimwe na zimwe biherereye. Dar es Salaam, ahahoze ari umurwa mukuru, igumana ibiro byinshi bya leta kandi niwo mujyi munini mu gihugu, icyambu gikuru, ndetse n’ikigo cy’ubucuruzi kiyoboye. [18] [22] [23] Tanzaniya ni igihugu cy’ishyaka rimwe gifite ishyaka rya demokarasi Chama Cha Mapinduzi ku butegetsi. Tanzaniya ni imisozi kandi ifite amashyamba menshi mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba, aho umusozi wa Kilimanjaro uherereye. Bitatu mu biyaga bigari bya Afurika biri muri Tanzaniya. Mu majyaruguru no mu burengerazuba hari ikiyaga kinini cya Afurika, ikiyaga kinini cya Afurika, n'ikiyaga cya Tanganyika, ikiyaga kinini cyane cyo ku mugabane wa Afurika, kizwiho amoko yihariye y'amafi. Mu majyepfo hari ikiyaga cya Malawi. Inkombe y'iburasirazuba irashyushye kandi itoshye, hamwe na Zanzibar Archipelago ku nkombe gusa. Agace ko kubungabunga Menai Bay ni agace kanini ka Zanzibar karinzwe. Isumo rya Kalambo, riherereye ku mugezi wa Kalambo ku mupaka wa Zambiya, ni isumo rya kabiri ridasubirwaho muri Afurika. [[Ubukirisitu]] ni ryo dini rinini muri Tanzaniya, ariko kandi hari umubare munini w'Abayisilamu n'Aba Animiste. Indimi zirenga 100 zivugwa muri Tanzaniya, kikaba igihugu gitandukanye cyane mu ndimi muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba. Igihugu ntigifite ururimi rwemewe, [27] nubwo ururimi rwigihugu ari Igiswahiri. Igiswahiri gikoreshwa mu mpaka z’abadepite, mu nkiko zo hasi, no mu rwego rwo kwigisha mu mashuri abanza. Icyongereza gikoreshwa mu bucuruzi bw’amahanga, muri diplomasi, mu nkiko zisumbuye, no mu rwego rwo kwigisha mu mashuri yisumbuye ndetse n’ayisumbuye, [26] nubwo guverinoma ya Tanzaniya iteganya guhagarika icyongereza nkururimi rwibanze rw’inyigisho ariko bizaboneka nk amasomo atabishaka. Abagera kuri 10 ku ijana by'Abanyatanzaniya bavuga Igiswahiri nk'ururimi rwa mbere, naho abagera kuri 90 ku ijana bavuga ururimi rwa kabiri.[[File:Dar_es_salaam_City.jpg|thumb|Dar es salaam City]] [[File:Bank_of_Tanzania_golden_hour.jpg|thumb|Bank of Tanzania golden hour]] [[File:Anglican_Cathedral_of_Holy_Spirit_in_Dodoma.jpg|thumb|Anglican Cathedral of Holy Spirit in Dodoma]] * [[Abaperezida ba Tanzaniya]][[File:Roundabout_in_Dodoma_Region.jpg|thumb|Roundabout in Dodoma Region]] {{Afurika}} [[Category:Afurika]] [[Category:Tanzaniya| ]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] i817c8kw7eb257a59nq1ahe4675pic5 0 3029 133697 133172 2026-07-08T14:17:14Z NSHUTIYIMANA Moise 17987 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 133697 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Muhazi Lake.jpg|thumb|320px]] <mapframe text="Ikiyaga cya Muhazi" latitude="-1.85" longitude="30.3" zoom="10" width="320" height="200" align="right"> { "type": "ExternalData", "service": "geoshape", "ids": "Q3215074", "properties": { "fill-opacity": 0.1,"stroke": "#3b78cb" } } </mapframe> [[Dosiye:Canoe on Lake Muhazi, Rwanda, Africa.jpg|thumb|ubusitani bwikiyagacya muhazi]] '''Ikiyaga cya Muhazi''' ni [[ikiyaga]] kirekire cyane mu burasirazuba bw'u [[Rwanda]]. Igice kinini cy'ikiyaga kiri mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba|Ntara y'Iburasirazuba]], impera y'Iburengerazuba kigakora umupaka uhuza [[Intara y’Amajyaruguru y’u Rwanda|Intara y'Amajyaruguru]] na [[Kigali]]. Ni ikiyaga cyuzuyemo ikibaya cyuzuyemo amazi, kikaba kiryamye cyane mu Burasirazuba ugana iburengerazuba, ariko gifite amasoko menshi mu majyaruguru yerekeza mu majyepfo, ahahoze ari imigezi. Ikiyaga gifite urugomero rwa beto kuruhande rwiburengerazuba, rwubatswe mu 1999 kugirango rusimbuze urugomero rwisi rwabayeho kuva kera. Ikiyaga kisuka mu ruzi rwa [[Umugezi wa Nyabugogo|Nyabugogo]], rutemba rugana mu majyepfo ya Kigali aho ruhurira n'umugezi wa [[Umugezi wa Nyabarongo|Nyabarongo]], igice cya [[Nili]] yo haruguru. ndetse gifite amoko menshi y'amafi atunze benshi bacyegereye .<ref>Editing Ikiyaga cya Muhazi - Wikipedia</ref> == Ubusobanuro == Ikiyaga cya Muhazi giherereye mu burasirazuba bw'u Rwanda, kuri coordinate 1 ° 52′S 30 ° 22′E / 1.867 ° S 30.367 ° E. Irashobora kuboneka mu nzira eshatu zambere zu Rwanda. Umuhanda wa Kigali ugana Gatuna unyura hafi y’iburengerazuba bw’ikiyaga, umuhanda wa Kigali ugana Kayonza, unyura mu kiyaga ugana mu majyepfo; amaherezo, umuhanda wa Kayonza ugana Kagitumba unyura ku kiyaga cya kilometero 3.8 (hafi 2,4 mi) hafi ya Gahini, mbere yo kunyura hejuru y'imisozi ibiri iva mu kiyaga amaherezo ikava mu kiyaga hafi ya Kawangire. kandi ni icyifuzo cyubushakashatsi bwa Mediatrice, Irene na Sandra. Ikiyaga cya Muhazi gifite uburebure bwa kilometero 60, mu burasirazuba - iburengerazuba, ariko ubugari bwacyo buri munsi ya 5 km. Iherereye mu burasirazuba-hagati mu Rwanda kandi ifite inkombe mu ntara eshatu mu ntara eshanu z'igihugu. Iburengerazuba bwa gatatu cyikiyaga kigize umupaka uhuza Intara ya Kigali ([[Akarere ka Gasabo]]) mu majyepfo, n’Intara y'Amajyaruguru ([[Akarere ka Gicumbi]]) mu majyaruguru. Iburasirazuba bibiri bya gatatu cyangwa ikiyaga kiri mu Ntara y'Iburasirazuba, bikora umupaka uhuza [[Akarere ka Rwamagana]] mu majyepfo, n'uturere twa [[Akarere ka Gatsibo|Gatsibo]] na Kayonza mu majyaruguru.kikaba gifayiye runini imiberho y'aturage. Hakozwe ubushakashatsi butandukanye bw'iteganyagihe na limnologiya (Plisnier, 1990, Mukankomeje n'abandi 1993). == Amateka == hafi y'umujyi ugezweho wa Rwamagana. Muri kiriya gihe u Rwanda rwari igihugu gito muri federasiyo idahwitse hamwe n’abaturanyi binini kandi bakomeye, Bugesera na Gisaka. Mu gukinisha abo baturanyi, ubwami bwa mbere bwateye imbere muri ako karere, bwaguka iburengerazuba bugana ku [[Ikiyaga cya Kivu|kiyaga cya Kivu]]. Muri ubwo bwami bwagutse, akarere gakikije ikiyaga kahindutse ikibanza gikomeye cy’amadini, gihwanye na mwamis ba kera kandi bubahwa cyane mu bwami. Mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 16 cyangwa mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 17, ubwami bw'u Rwanda bwatewe na Banyoro maze abami bahatirwa guhungira iburengerazuba, basiga Buganza n'akarere k'ikiyaga cya Muhazi mu maboko ya Bugesera na Gisaka. [[Dosiye:Ikiyaga cya burera na RUHONDO 1.jpg|thumb|Muhazi]] Ishirwaho ryikinyejana cya 17 cyingoma nshya yu Rwanda na mwami Ruganzu Ndori, hakurikiraho gutera iburasirazuba, kwigarurira Buganza no kwigarurira Bugesera, byaranze intangiriro y’ubwami bw’u Rwanda muri ako karere. Ikiyaga cya Muhazi cyahindutse umupaka uhuza u Rwanda na Gisaka ikiri yigenga, ibintu byakomeje kubaho mu myaka 200, nubwo abami b'u Rwanda bagerageje kunesha Gisaka. Amaherezo, ahagana mu 1830, Gisaka yarigaruriwe maze imbibi z’iburasirazuba bwa leta zitangira gufata imiterere yazo, ikiyaga kiyobowe n’u Rwanda. Ku butegetsi bw'abakoloni b'Abadage n'Ububiligi Ikiyaga cya Muhazi cyahindutse inzira ikomeye yo gutwara abantu n'iburasirazuba - iburengerazuba, ihuza Kigali n'iburengerazuba bw'igihugu n'umuhanda uva mu majyaruguru - mu majyepfo no mu burasirazuba uva Gahini. Kuva mu 1922, agace k'iburasirazuba kayobowe by'agateganyo n'Ubwongereza mu rwego rwo gukora ubushakashatsi kuri gari ya moshi yatanzwe na Cape-Cairo, icyo gihe Umuryango w'Abamisiyonari b'Itorero (CMS), watangiye imirimo y'ubumisiyonari n'ubuvuzi mu burasirazuba bw'u Rwanda. Ubu butaka bwasubijwe mu [[Ububiligi|Bubiligi]] mu 1924 ariko abategetsi bemerera CMS gukomeza imirimo yayo, hashyirwaho ubutumwa n’ibitaro bihoraho hafi y’ikiyaga cya Muhazi mu mudugudu wa Gahini. Muri rusange hamwe n’ibindi bihugu, ikiyaga cya Muhazi niho habereye ubwicanyi bwinshi mu gihe cya jenoside yo mu Rwanda yo mu 1994. Imirambo myinshi yajugunywe mu kiyaga n’interahamwe za [[Interahamwe]], mu gihe izindi zarohamye zigerageza gutoroka; abatangabuhamya bavuze ko icyo gihe amazi "yavanze n'amaraso." == Akamaro kicyi kiyaga kubagituriye == Iki cyiyaga gifife akamaro kubagituriye kuko kibaha amazi yo gukoresha mubuzima bwa buri munsi ndetse akiafashishwa mukuhira imyaka cyifashishwa kandi nkubwikorezi bwo mumazi , nuburobyi kuturere duturanye nacyo gikurura kandi ba mucyerarugendo kuko hubatse namahoteri atandukanye afasha abahagana kuruhuka neza. == uburobyi mukiyaga cya muhazi == Ikiyaga cya muhazi nikimwe mubiyaga byo mu u Rwanda bigira uruhare mwiterambere ry'uburobyi nirya abarobyi muri rusange == Imiyoboro == * Sylidio Sebuharara: [https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubuzima/indwara/article/abakoresha-ikiyaga-cya-muhazi-barasabwa-kwigengesera-kubera-inzoka-ya-belariziyoze ''Abakoresha ikiyaga cya Muhazi barasabwa kwigengesera''], 14-03-2024, [[Kigali Today]] * https://www.rba.co.rw/post/Muhazi-Abahakorera-uburobyi-babangamiwe-nifi-nini-zimamba-zibarira-amafi-mato [[Ikiciro:Kigali]] [[Ikiciro:Intara y’Amajyaruguru y’U Rwanda]] r1w2sdo110gscetrx53cvjyn6q10yim 0 3820 133698 133653 2026-07-08T14:17:41Z NSHUTIYIMANA Moise 17987 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:1|0|0 */ 133698 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|excludeProperties=Q114}} === IGIHUGU CYA KENYA === [[File:Flag of Kenya.svg|thumb|257x257px|<span style="color:grey;">Ibendera rya Kenya</span>]] [[File:Kenya in its region (de-facto).svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita ya Kenya</span>]] '''Kenya''' (izina mu [[giswayili]]: ''Kenya'' cyangwa ''Jamhuri ya Kenya''; mu zindi ndimi iryo zina ryandikwa nka "''Kenya'' "cyangwa ''Republic of Kenya'' ) n’[[igihugu]] kiri mu bihugu biri mu muryango w'Africa y'uburasirazuba ku mugabane wa [[Afurika]].iki gihugu gifite ubuso bungana na kilometero kare 582,646 km2, Kenya nicyo gihugu cya 48 kinini ku isi ku buso bwose. === ABATURAGE === Igihugu cya kenya gituwe n'abaturage barenga miliyoni 56.43, Kenya ni cyo gihugu cya 29 gituwe cyane. === IMIJYI YA KENYA === [[Umurwa]] mukuru wa Kenya ni '''Nairobi''', ni mu gihe umurwa mukuru wayo wa kera wari umujyi wa [[Mombasa Municipal Stadium|Mombasa]] uri ku nkombe. Umujyi wa Kisumu n'umujyi wa gatatu munini kandi ni n'icyambu cy'imbere ku [[Ikiyaga cya Victoriya|kiyaga cya Victoria]]. Indi mijyi yingenzi izwi yo mu gihugu cya kenya harimo Nakuru na Eldoret. === UBUKUNGU === Kugeza ubu muri 2025 , Kenya ni igihugu cya mbere gifite ubukungu buhagaze neza mu bihugu biri mu muryango wa Africa y'uburasirazuba, iki gihugu kikaba igihugu cya 10 mu bihugu bifite ubukungu buhagaze neza muri Africa. iki gihugu ni icya 3 mu bukungu muri Afurika yo munsi y'Ubutayu bwa Sahara nyuma ya [[Nijeriya]] na Afurika y'Epfo. === IBIHUGU BIHANA INKIKO NA KENYA === Kenya ihana imbibi na [[Sudani y’Amajyepfo|Sudani y'Amajyepfo]] mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba, [[Etiyopiya]] mu majyaruguru, [[Somaliya]] mu burasirazuba, Uganda mu burengerazuba, [[Tanzaniya]] mu majyepfo, n'Inyanja y'Ubuhinde mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba. === IBIBUGA BY'INDEGE === [[Dosiye:Jomo Kenyatta International Airport vehicle screening station.jpg|thumb|270x270px|Jomo Kenyatta International Airport]] Kenya ifite ibibuga by'indege birimo '''Jomo Kenyata International Airport''' giherereye mu mujyi wa Nairobi na '''Moi''' international Airport Kiri mu mujyi wa Mombasa. {{Afurika}} [[Category:Kenya| ]] [[Category:Afurika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] phssgrirszfzlbznjgnfvyx1jy63z6k 0 4545 133690 132981 2026-07-08T14:13:32Z NSHUTIYIMANA Moise 17987 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 133690 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Juvénal Habyarimana 1980-09-25.jpg|thumb|President Juvenal Habyarimana]] '''Habyarimana Juvenal''' ( yavutse 8 Werurwe 1937 − [[Kigali]], yapfuye 6 Mata ya 1994) yari umunyapolitiki Rwanda moko Hutu, yari mu ntambara na moko abatutsi. Yiswe "Kudatsindwa" ( ''Kinani'' muri Kiñaruanda , ururimi nyamukuru rw'igihugu). {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" |Juvénal Habyarimana[[Dosiye:Juvénal Habyarimana (Andrews Air Force Base, Maryland, USA - 1980).jpg|thumb]] |- ! colspan="2" | Perezida wa 3 w'u Rwanda |- |Igihe cyo gukora |Nko 5 Nyakanga nka 1973 - 6 nka Mata nka 1994 |- | Ababanjirije |[[Grégoire Kayibanda]] |- | Uzasimbura |[[Théodore Sindikubwabo]] |- |Minisitiri w’intebe |[[Sylvestre Nsanzimana]]<br>[[Dismas Nsengiyaremye]] (1992-1993)<br>[[Agathe Uwilingiyimana]] (1993-1994) |- ! colspan="2" |Amakuru yihariye |- |Amazina |''Kinani'' |- |Ivuka |Ya 8 Werurwe wa 1937 Gisenyi Ntara ( Intara y'Iburasirazuba , [[Rwanda-Urundi]]) |- |Urupfu |Ku itariki ya 6 Mata mu 1994 (imyaka 57) International Airport Kigali ([[Kigali]], [[Rwanda]]) |- |Impamvu y'urupfu |[[Misile]] yo mu kirere |- | Imva |Gbadolite |- |Ubwenegihugu |Rwanda |- |Ururimi kavukire |[[Kinyarwanda]] |- | Iyobokamana |[[Kiliziya Gatolika]] |- | Ishyaka rya politiki |[[Ihuriro ry’igihugu riharanira demokarasi n’iterambere]] |- ! colspan="2" |Umuryango |- | Uwo mwashakanye |Agathe Habyarimana |- | Abahungu |8 |- ! colspan="2" |Uburezi |- | Yize muri |Kaminuza ya Lovanium |- ! colspan="2" |Amakuru yumwuga |- | Umwuga |umunyapolitiki |- | Imyaka irakora |1963-1994 |- | Ishami rya gisirikare |Ingabo z’ingabo z’u Rwanda |- | Urutonde |Jenerali Majoro |- |Amakimbirane |* Iteka ry'ibendera ry'igihugu ([[Koreya y’Amajyaruguru]]) |- |Itandukaniro | |[https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q272580 hindura amakuru kuri Wikidata] |} Habyarimana yari perezida w’igitugu mu Rwanda kuva mu 1973 kugeza apfuye, agenda mu ndege ye bwite yicwa na misile. Urupfu rwe rwabaye mu gihe cy'intambara yo mu Rwanda kandi byongera amakimbirane ashingiye ku moko muri ako karere, bituma haza Jenoside yo mu Rwanda. == Ubuzima bwa politiki == [[File:Habyarimanna-VanAgt.jpg|thumb|Perezida w'u Rwanda, Juvénal Habyarimana na minisitiri w’intebe w’Ubuholandi Dries van Agt toasting. La Haye (Ubuholandi), ku ya 13 Gicurasi 1980]] Mu 5 Nyakanga ya 1973 , Leta uwurimo mwanya wa Minisitiri w'Ingabo mu Rwanda, yatanze coup guhirika Perezida wayo, Grégoire Kayibanda , n'ishyaka rye ku butegetsi, mu Parmehutu . Kayibanda yari mubyara we akaba na perezida wa mbere watowe mu nzira ya demokarasi. Ku butegetsi bushya, Habyarimana yafungiye mubyara we n'umugore we ahantu hihishe (bivugwa ko ari inzu hafi ya Kabgayi), aho bivugwa ko bishwe n'inzara nyuma y'imyaka itatu. ^{[ ''citation isabwa'' ]} Mu 1975 , Habyarimana yashinze ishyaka rya MRND (National Revolutionary Movement for Development) nk'umuyobozi, atangaza ko ariryo shyaka ryemewe n'amategeko mu gihugu. Igihugu cyagumye mu maboko y’ingabo kugeza igihe itegeko nshinga rishya ryemejwe mu 1978 na referendum. Muri icyo gihe, yongeye gutorwa nk'umukandida wenyine, ibintu byagarutsweho buri myaka itanu, byatangiye gukurikizwa mu 1983 na 1988. Ku ikubitiro, yari yaratsindiye Abahutu n'Abatutsi mu kwerekana ubuyobozi budashaka gushyira mu bikorwa politiki izashimisha abayishyigikiye gusa, cyane cyane Abahutu. Ariko umugabane we ntiwakomeje, akomeza kwerekana politiki yagaragazaga iz'uwamubanjirije, Kayibanda. Yongeye gushiraho ibipimo byo kubona imyanya ya kaminuza n'ibiro bya leta bibabaza abatutsi. Ubwo yatoneshaga itsinda ry’abayoboke rigabanuka, andi matsinda y’Abahutu yasuzuguwe n’umuyobozi w’igihugu cyabo yafatanyaga [[Abatutsi|n’abatutsi]] guca intege ubutegetsi bwe. Mu 1990 , kubera igitutu cyaturutse ahantu hatandukanye (Umufatanyabikorwa mukuru w’u Rwanda n’umuterankunga w’imari, [[Ubufaransa]] ; abatanga amafaranga menshi, IMF na Banki y’isi; hamwe n’abaturage bacyo basaba ko habaho ijwi ryinshi n’impinduka mu bukungu), yemeye kwemerera aya mahugurwa biturutse mu yandi mashyaka. ; [[Dosiye:Inzu akera.jpg|thumb|Inyubako ari Atuyemo]]Intambara y'abanyagihugu Ingingo nyamukuru: ''Intambara yo mu Rwanda'' [[Dosiye:Habyarimana stadium.png|thumb]] Mu Kwakira 1990, FPR ([[Ishyaka FPR-Inkotanyi|Rwanda Patriotic Front]]) yatangiye kwigomeka kuri guverinoma ya Habyarimana iturutse mu gihugu cy’abaturanyi cya Uganda, itera intambara y'abenegihugu. FPR yari ingabo zigizwe ahanini n’abatutsi baba mu mahanga bari barahoze mu gisirikare cya Uganda (benshi mu myanya ikomeye), batererana imbaga n’ingabo za Uganda bambuka umupaka. == Urupfu == Ku ya 6 Mata 1994, indege bwite ya habyarimana, indege ya Falcon 50 (impano ya Minisitiri w’intebe w’Ubufaransa Jacques Chirac ) yarashwe na misile ubwo yari igiye kugwa ku kibuga cy’indege cya Kigali. Abaperezida b’amoko abiri y’Abahutu ndetse n’ibihugu bituranye bapfuye bazize iyo mpanuka: Habyarimana ubwe, ukomoka mu Rwanda, na Cyprien Ntaryamira, ukomoka mu [[Uburundi|Burundi]], wamuherekeje mu rugendo. N'ubwo uwanditse icyo gitero atarasobanurwa ku mugaragaro, byabaye mu rwego rw'intambara y'abenegihugu yatewe no gucikamo ibice hagati y'amoko ye n'Abatutsi, biganisha kuri [[jenoside mu Rwanda]]. {{DEFAULTSORT:Habyarimana, Juvénal}} [[Category:Perezida wa Repubulika y'u Rwanda]] [[Category:Abanyarwanda]] [[Category:Abahutu]] [[Category:Abagabo]] tq1rklx92skobwvehotr83qsm9s3x6y 0 8411 133691 132858 2026-07-08T14:13:53Z NSHUTIYIMANA Moise 17987 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 133691 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:NyamagabeDist.png|thumb|Ikarita yerekana ubuso bwakarere ka Nyamagabe|237x237px]] [[Dosiye:Kitabi Tea Factory.jpg|thumb|I Nyamabage]]{{Databox|excludeProperties=Q2632783}} '''Nyamagabe''' ni akarere gaherereye mu [[Intara y'amajyepfo|ntara y'Amajyepfo]] y'u [[Rwanda|Rwanda.]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://nyamagabe.gov.rw/index.php?id=83 |accessdate=2020-08-03 |archive-date=2020-07-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200712200936/http://nyamagabe.gov.rw/index.php?id=83 |deadurl=yes }}</ref> <ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/nyamagabe-akarere-kahagaritse-kwakira-abaturage-bazanye-ibibazo</ref>. Nyamagabe iri hagati y'uturere tubiri aritwo [[Akarere ka Huye|Huye]] na [[Akarere ka Rusizi|Rusizi]] mu majyepfo y'Uburengerazuba [[Urutonde rw'abami bategetse u Rwanda|bw'u Rwanda]]. Tutibagiwe utundi turere nkaNyanza, Ruhango, Karongi na Nyaruguru . Aka karere kandi gakora kuri [[Pariki ya Nyungwe|parike ya Nyungwe]] ituwe n'inyamanswa ndetse n'inyoni z'amoko anyuranye. Ibiro by'akarere ka Nyamagabe biherereye mu murenge ''wa [[Gasaka]],mu kagali ka Nyamugari mu mudugudu wa Nyarusange.Aka karere gafite ubuso bwa 109km2,umubare w'abaturage barenga 378,098.''<ref>akarere ka nyamagabe - Search</ref> ====== Akarere ka Nyamagabe kagizwe n’imirenge 17 ariyo : ====== Buruhukiro, Cyanika, Gatare, Kaduha, Kamegeli, Kibirizi, Kibumbwe, Kitabi, Mbazi, Mugano, Musange, Musebeya, Mushubi, Nkomane, Gasaka, Tare na Uwinkingi, kandi muri aka karere harimo n’ahantu h’amateka nko ku [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Murambi|Murambi]] Genocide Memorial Site, byose bikaba bigize imiterere y’ubuyobozi n’iterambere ry’akarere ka Nyamagabe. == Ubukungu<ref>[https://imvahonshya.co.rw/nyamagabe-basobanukiwe-akamaro-ka-nyungwe-biyemeza-kuyibungabunga/ » Nyamagabe: Basobanukiwe akamaro ka Nyungwe biyemeza kuyibungabunga ImvahoNshya]</ref> == Ubukungu bw’Akarere ka Nyamagabe bushingiye cyane ku buhinzi, cyane cyane [[icyayi]] (tea) gihingwa ku bwinshi mu misozi yaho, ndetse n’ibihingwa nk’ibirayi, ibishyimbo n’imboga bifasha abaturage mu mirire no mu bucuruzi. Nanone ubukerarugendo bugira uruhare rukomeye kubera kuba hafi y’ishyamba rya Nyungwe rikurura ba mukerarugendo basura [[inyamaswa]] n’ibimera byihariye. Hari kandi ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi buciriritse, ubworozi n’imishinga y’iterambere y’imiryango ifasha kongera imirimo n’amikoro y’abaturage, bigatuma ubukungu bw’akarere bugenda butera imbere buhoro buhoro<ref>[https://nyamagabe.prod.risa.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/nyamagabe/Inyandiko/Ibyemezo_by_Inama_Njyanama_y_Akarere_yo_ku_wa_27_Kamena_2025.pdf Ibyemezo_by_Inama_Njyanama_y_Akarere_yo_ku_wa_27_Kamena_2025.pdf]</ref>. == Amashakiro == <references /> [[Category:Rwanda]] [[Category:Intara y'amajyepfo]] [[Category:Uturere tw’u Rwanda]] 0jxnfa4omfk96m0zcdtrurgvsc8ouzk 0 8466 133694 132865 2026-07-08T14:15:44Z NSHUTIYIMANA Moise 17987 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 133694 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Intara y'Iburengerazuba''' ( [[Ikinyarwanda|Kinyarwanda]] : Intara y'Iburengerazuba ; French:Province de l'Ouest ; Dutch:Westi-provincie) ni imwe mu [[Intara y’u Rwanda|ntara]] eshanu [[Rwanda|z'u Rwanda]] . Yashinzwe mu ntangiriro za Mutarama 2006 muri gahunda yo kwegereza ubuyobozi abaturage guverinoma yongeye gutegura inzego z’ibanze z’igihugu. [[Umurwa]] mukuru w'Intara y'Iburengerazuba ni Kibuye. Ibiro byayo biherereye mu [[Akarere ka Karongi|karere ka Karongi,]] umurenge wa Rubengera. Guverineri uyonoye iyi ntara kuri ubu ni Munyantwari Alphonse. [[File:Rwanda WestProvDists.png|alt=Uturere tw'Intara y'Uburengerazuba bw'u|thumb|529x529px|Uturere tw'Intara y'Uburengerazuba bw'u ]] Ubuso : 5,883 km kare abaturage (ibarara rya 2012) Umubare: 2,471,348 ubucukike: 420 kuri Km kare Goverineri : Munyantwari Alphonse(2020) Uturere: 1. [[Akarere ka Karongi]] 2. [[Akarere ka Ngororero]] 3. [[Akarere ka Nyabihu]] 4. [[Akarere ka Nyamasheke]] 5. [[Akarere ka Rubavu]] [[File:Scenery in Hills above Lake Kivu - Near Karongi-Kibuye - Western Rwanda - 02.jpg|alt=Lake Kivu. Ahereye Karongi-Kibuye-Iburengerazuba bw'u Rwanda|thumb|385x385px|Lake Kivu. Iherereye Karongi-Kibuye-Iburengerazuba bw'u Rwanda]] 6[[Akarere ka Rusizi|.Akerere ka Rusizi]] 7. [[Akarere ka Rutsiro|Akerere ka Rutsiro]] == Inyandiko hamwe == {{Reflist|1}} == Amahuza yo hanze == * [http://www.westernprovince.gov.rw/ site yemewe y'Intara y'amajyepfo] Amerekezo: 2°22′30″S 29°12′35″E / 2.37500°S 29.20972°E / -2.37500; 29.20972 [[Category:Intara y’u Rwanda]] 16fioxxmfxuondm4has5q0oqy0qvpxt 0 8476 133693 132933 2026-07-08T14:15:03Z NSHUTIYIMANA Moise 17987 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 133693 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Rwanda_banana.jpg|thumb|Ubucuruzi bucuritse ]] [[Dosiye:Monument RWamagana.jpg|thumb|Ubukungu]] '''Ubukungu bw'u Rwanda''' bwagize inganda zihuse kubera [[Politiki y'u Rwanda|politiki]] ya guverinoma igenda neza. Kuva mu ntangiriro z'umwaka wa 2000, [[Rwanda|u Rwanda]] rwabonye ubukungu bwiyongera mu mibereho y'abanyarwanda benshi. Icyerekezo cya Guverinoma cyo guteza imbere ubukungu cyabaye umusemburo w'ubukungu bwihuta. [[Perezida wa Repubulika y’u Rwanda|Perezida w'u Rwanda]], [[Paul Kagame]] yavuze ko yifuza guhindura u Rwanda " [[Singapore]] of Africa". <ref>https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-singapore-lee-africa/singapores-visionary-draws-followers-in-africa-idUKKBN0MK1OG20150324</ref> Singapore ya Africa [[Dosiye:GTBank_Rwanda_Logo.png|thumb|Banki ]] [[Dosiye:Rwanda_avocado.jpg|thumb|Ubucurizi]] == Amateka == === Nyuma y'intambara y'abenegihugu na jenoside yakorewe abatutsi === Mu myaka ya za 1960 na 1970, politiki y’imari y’ubukungu y’u Rwanda, hamwe n’imfashanyo zituruka hanze ndetse n’ubucuruzi bugereranyije, byatumye ubwiyongere bukabije bw’abaturage n’igipimo gito cy’ifaranga bikomeza kwiyongera nabyo. Ariko, mu gihe ibiciro bya kawa ku isi byagabanutse cyane mu myaka ya za 1980, iterambere ryabaye ribi. [[Dosiye:Historical GDP per capita development in Rwanda.jpg|thumb|GDP Capital development in Rwanda ]] Ugereranije n'ubwiyongere bwa GDP buri mwaka bwa 6.5% kuva 1973 kugeza 1980, ubwiyongere bwaragabanutse kugera ku kigereranyo cya 2,9% ku mwaka kuva 1980 kugeza 1985 kandi bwahagaze kuva 1986 kugeza 1990. Iki kibazo cyageze mu 1990 igihe ingamba za mbere za gahunda yo guhindura imiterere ya IMF zikorwa. Mu gihe gahunda itashyizwe mu bikorwa mbere y’intambara, hashyizweho ingamba z’ingenzi nko guta agaciro kabiri kifaranga no gukuraho ibiciro byemewe. Ingaruka ku mishahara n'imbaraga zo kugura byarihuse kandi bitangaje. Iki kibazo cyibasiye cyane cyane intiti zize, abenshi muri bo bakaba barakoraga mu bakozi ba Leta cyangwa mu bigo bya Leta. Mu myaka 5 y’intambara y’abenegihugu yarangiye muri jenoside yo mu 1994, GDP yagabanutse mu myaka 3 kuri 5, bituma igabanuka ryihuse rirenga 40% mu 1994, umwaka wa jenoside. Ubwiyongere bwa 9% muri GDP nyayo mu 1995, umwaka wa mbere nyuma y'intambara, byerekana ko ibikorwa by'ubukungu byongeye kubaho. [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|Itsembabwoko ryo mu 1994]] ryasenye ubukungu bw’u Rwanda,bwasize ubukene cyane mu abaturage, cyane cyane abagore, kandi byangiza ubushobozi bw’[[igihugu]] bwo gukurura ishoramari ry’abikorera ndetse n’amahanga. Icyakora, u Rwanda rwateye intambwe igaragara mu gukomeza no kuvugurura ubukungu bwarwo. Muri Kamena 1998, u Rwanda rwasinyanye [[Ikigega Mpuzamahanga cy’Imari|n'Ikigega Mpuzamahanga cy'Imari gishinzwe]] Kunoza Imiterere . U Rwanda rwatangiye kandi gahunda yo kwegurira abikorera ku giti cyabo bafatanyije na [[Banki y'Isi|Banki y'Isi .]] Mu gihe cya nyuma y'intambara - hagati ya 1994 kugeza 1995 - imfashanyo zihutirwa z’amadolari arenga miliyoni 307.4 z'amadolari ahanini zerekejwe mu bikorwa byo gutabara mu Rwanda no mu nkambi z'impunzi zo mu bihugu duturanye aho abanyarwanda bahungiye mu gihe cy'intambara. Mu 1996, imfashanyo z’ubutabazi zatangiye kwimukira mu kwiyubaka no gufasha mu iterambere . [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|Amerika]], [[Ububiligi]], [[Ubudage]], [[Ubuholandi]], [[Ubufaransa]], [[Ubushinwa|Repubulika y’Ubushinwa]], Banki yisi, gahunda y’umuryango w’abibumbye ishinzwe iterambere n’ikigega cy’iterambere ry’ibihugu by’i [[Burayi]] bizakomeza kubara inkunga nyinshi. Kuvugurura ibikorwa remezo bya leta, cyane cyane inzego z’ubutabera, byashyizwe imbere n’amahanga, ndetse no gukomeza gusana no kwagura ibikorwa remezo, ibigo nderabuzima, n’ishuri. Nyuma ya Jenoside yo mu Rwanda, guverinoma iyobowe n’abatutsi yatangiye gahunda ikomeye yo kuzamura ubukungu bw’igihugu no kugabanya gushingira ku buhinzi gusa. Ubukungu bwananiranye bwari bwaragize uruhare runini mu itsembabwoko, kimwe n’abaturage benshi ndetse n’amarushanwa yaturutse ku mirimo idahwitse n’ibindi bikoresho. Guverinoma yibanze cyane cyane ku kubaka inganda zikora na serivisi no gukuraho inzitizi z’ubucuruzi n’iterambere. [[File:Voa_murdock_rwanda_farming_musangwa_300_oct2011.jpg|thumb|Umuhinzi wa kawa mu Rwanda.]] Guverinoma y'u Rwanda yashyizeho umuvuduko wa 13% muri GDP mu 1996 binyuze mu kunoza inyungu yinjira mu misoro, kwihutisha kwegurira abikorera ku giti cyabo ibigo bya Leta kugira ngo bahagarike imiyoboro y’umutungo wa Leta, kandi bikomeze kunoza umusaruro woherezwa mu mahanga n’umusaruro w’ibiribwa. Igihingwa cy’[[icyayi]] n’inganda byakomeje kuvugururwa, kandi ikawa, iba igihingwa cy’umudugudu muto, iravugururwa cyane kandi ikitabwaho n’uko abahinzi bumva umutekano wabo ugarutse. Ariko, inzira yo gukira izatinda. Ikawa itanga toni 14,578.560 mu 2000 ugereranije n’intambara yabanjirije intambara hagati ya toni 35.000 na 40.000  . Kugeza mu 2002 icyayi kibaye u Rwanda rwohereza ibicuruzwa byinshi mu mahanga, aho ibyoherezwa mu mahanga biva mu cyayi bigera kuri miliyoni 18 US $ bingana na toni 15.000 z'icyayi cyumye. Umutungo kamere w'u Rwanda ni muto. Inganda ntoya zitanga hafi 5% yinjiza amadovize. Habayeho kwibanda ku mabuye yagaciro aremereye nka cassiterite (isoko yambere ya tin ), na coltan (ikoreshwa mugukora imashini za elegitoronike, zikoreshwa mu bicuruzwa bya elegitoroniki byabaguzi nka terefone ngendanwa, imashini ya DVD, sisitemu yimikino ya videwo na mudasobwa ). Hagati mu 1997, inganda zigera kuri 75% zikora mbere y’intambara zisubira mu musaruro, ku kigereranyo cya 75% by’ubushobozi bwabo. Ishoramari mu rwego rwinganda rikomeje kuba rike gusa ku gusana inganda zisanzwe. Ubucuruzi bw’ibicuruzwa, bwangijwe n’intambara, bwongeye kubyuka vuba, hamwe n’ubucuruzi bushya bushya bwashyizweho n’abatahuka bava mu Rwanda baturutse muri [[Ubugande|Uganda]], mu [[Uburundi|Burundi]], no muri [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]] . Inganda zabonye ubufasha buke bwo hanze kuva intambara irangiye kugeza 1995. Guhera mu 1996–97, guverinoma yarushijeho kugira uruhare mu gufasha urwego rw’inganda kugarura umusaruro binyuze mu bufasha bwa tekiniki n’imari, harimo ingwate z’inguzanyo, kwishyira ukizana mu bukungu, no kwegurira abikorera ibigo bya Leta. Mu ntangiriro za 1998, guverinoma yashyizeho ikigo cyo guteza imbere ishoramari rimwe kandi ishyira mu bikorwa amategeko mashya y’ishoramari yashyizeho ibyorohereza abashoramari bo mu mahanga ndetse n’abenegihugu. Ikigo cyigenga gishinzwe ibyinjira nibisohoka nacyo cyatangiye gukora, no kunoza icyegeranyo no kubazwa. Umusaruro wa Cassiterite wageze kuri toni 1.000 mu 1990, ariko munsi ya toni 700 mu 2000. Umusaruro wa coltan wanditsweho wazamutse uva kuri toni 147 mu 1999 ugera kuri toni 1,300 mu 2001, naho coltan niyo yinjije amafaranga menshi mu gihugu mu 2001. Nibura igice cyo kongera umusaruro ni ukubera ibirombe bishya byafunguwe mu Rwanda. Icyakora, ni ukuri, nkuko byakunze kugaragara, ko kwiyongera nanone biterwa n'uburiganya bwo kohereza mu mahanga coltan ya coltan. Usibye uruhare rwamenyekanye neza muri ubu bucuruzi bw’ingabo z’u Rwanda (RDF), ikindi kintu gikomeye mu kongera kohereza mu mahanga coltan ni uko abacuruzi mpuzamahanga bahatirwa kutagura muri DRC, bityo bikongerera imbaraga DRC coltan kongera koherezwa mu mahanga nk'u Rwanda. U Rwanda kandi ruvuga ko rucuruza mu buriganya zahabu na diyama bivanywa muri DRC. === Ubukungu bw'ubu nubukungu buteganijwe === Igihugu cyinjiye mu gihe kinini cy’iterambere ry’ubukungu mu 2006, kandi umwaka wakurikiyeho cyashoboye kwandikisha 8% by’ubukungu, kikaba ari amateka yakomeje kuva aho, gihinduka kimwe mu bihugu byihuta cyane muri Afurika. Iterambere ry’ubukungu rirambye ryashoboye kugabanya ubukene ndetse no kugabanya igipimo cy’uburumbuke, aho kwiyongera hagati ya 2006 na 2011 byagabanije ijanisha ry’abatuye igihugu babayeho mu bukene bava kuri 57% bagera kuri 45%. Ibikorwa remezo by'igihugu na byo byazamutse vuba, aho amashanyarazi yavuye ku 91.000 mu 2006 agera kuri 215.000 muri 2011. <ref>http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/news/regions/africa/120328/rwanda-economic-growth-pulling-rwandans-out-poverty</ref> Ishoramari ry’amahanga ririho ryibanda mu bigo by'ubucuruzi, ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro, icyayi, ikawa, n'ubukerarugendo. Umushahara muto ntarengwa n’amabwiriza y’ubwiteganyirize bw'abakozi urakurikizwa, kandi ihuriro ry’amashyirahamwe ane y’abakozi yigenga yongeye kugaruka. Ihuriro rinini, CESTRAR, ryashinzwe nkurwego rwa guverinoma ariko ryigenga byimazeyo n’ivugurura rya politiki ryashyizweho n’itegeko nshinga ryo mu 1991. Mu gihe umutekano mu Rwanda ugenda utera imbere, urwego rw’ubukerarugendo ruvuka muri iki gihugu rugaragaza amahirwe menshi yo kwaguka ndetse nk’isoko ry’ivunjisha. Muri 2016, u Rwanda rwashyizwe ku mwanya wa 42 n’igihugu cya kabiri cyiza muri Afurika cyakora ubucuruzi muri Mara Foundation-Raporo ya Ashish J Thakkar Global Entrepreneurship Report. Nyamara, ubushakashatsi buherutse gukorwa mu kinyamakuru cy’ubumenyi bwa politiki bushingiye ku [[Ubwongereza|Bwongereza]], Isubiramo ry’ubukungu bwa politiki muri Afurika, bwerekana ko ubukungu bushobora kugenda buhoro ugereranije n’uko imibare yemewe ibigaragaza. Abashakashatsi bavuze ko impuzandengo ikoreshwa kuri buri rugo yakurikiraniraga hafi izamuka ry’umusaruro rusange w’umuturage kuva mu 2000 kugeza 2005, ariko nyuma ikaza gutandukana nyuma y’uko impuzandengo y’ikigereranyo kuri buri rugo ihagaze nubwo iterambere ry’umusaruro rusange w’umuturage kuva 2005 kugeza 2013. <ref>https://qz.com/africa/1050158/rwandas-economic-growth-miracle-may-be-a-mirage/</ref> Bamwe mu bashakashatsi mpuzamahanga na bo bibajije uburyo guverinoma y'u Rwanda yakoresheje kandi bavuga ko imibare igaragaza ko izamuka ryinshi muri GDP rishobora kuzamuka. <ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/programmes/upfront/2017/09/rwandas-economy-miracle-mirage-170929152259157.html</ref> == Ubuhinzi n'ubutunzi bwibanze ==[[File:Fisher men in lake kivu, RWANDA.jpg|thumb|Fisher men in lake kivu, RWANDA]] [[File:En_visualize_explore_tree_map_hs92_export_rwa_all_show_2014.png|thumb|Igishushanyo mbonera cyerekana ibicuruzwa byo mu Rwanda byohereza mu byiciro 28 byanditseho amabara.]] [[File:MarabaCoffeeDryingRacks.jpg|alt=Photograph of four drying racks containing white coloured unroasted coffee beans|thumb|Ikawa yumisha muri [[Ikawa ya Maraba|Maraba]] . Ikawa ni kimwe mu bihingwa by’amafaranga by’u Rwanda.]] Muri 2012 ubuhinzi bwagize 33% by'ubukungu bw'u Rwanda. U Rwanda rumaze igihe rushingiye ku ikawa nk'igihingwa cy'amafaranga. Kugabanuka kw'ibiciro bya kawa mu 1989 byatumye igabanuka rikomeye ry'ubushobozi bwo kugura, kandi byongera n'amakimbirane yo mu ngo. Ubukungu bw’u Rwanda bwagize ibibazo byinshi muri Jenoside yo mu 1994, hapfa abantu benshi, kutita ku bikorwa remezo, gusahura, no kutita ku bihingwa by’amafaranga. Ibi byatumye igabanuka ryinshi rya GDP kandi ryangiza ubushobozi bwigihugu mu gukurura ishoramari ryigenga n’amahanga. [21] Ubukungu Kuva gukomera, na buri-capita GDP ( PPP ) bagera ku $ 2.225 mu 2018, [22] ugereranyije $ 416 mu 1994. [23] Amasoko akomeye yoherezwaho ibicuruzwa mu mahanga arimo Ubushinwa, Ubudage, na Amerika. [21] Ubukungu bucungwa na Banki nkuru y’u Rwanda kandi ifaranga ni amafaranga y’u Rwanda ; muri Kamena 2010, igipimo cy’ivunjisha cyari amafaranga 588 ku madorari y’Amerika. [24] U Rwanda rwinjiye mu muryango w’Afurika y’iburasirazuba mu 2007 kandi hari gahunda y’amashiringi rusange yo muri Afurika y’iburasirazuba, yari yizeye ko azashyirwaho mu 2015, [25] ariko akaba ataragera ku musaruro (2020). U Rwanda ni igihugu gifite umutungo kamere, [26] kandi ubukungu bushingiye ahanini ku buhinzi butunzwe n’abahinzi baho bakoresheje ibikoresho byoroshye. [27] Ikigereranyo cya 90% by’imirima y’abaturage ikora, n’ubuhinzi bigizwe na 42.0% bya GDP mu mwaka wa 2010. [21] Kuva mu myaka ya za 1980 rwagati, ingano y’imirima n’umusaruro w’ibiribwa wagabanutse, bitewe n’uko bimuwe abantu bimuwe. [28] [29] Nubwo u Rwanda rufite urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima birumbuka, umusaruro w’ibiribwa akenshi ntujyana n’ubwiyongere bw’abaturage, kandi birasabwa gutumizwa mu mahanga. [21] Ibihingwa bihingwa mu gihugu birimo ikawa, icyayi, pyrethrum, ibitoki, ibishyimbo, amasaka n'ibirayi. Ikawa n'icyayi nibyo bihingwa binini by'amafaranga yoherezwa hanze, hamwe nubutumburuke buke, ahantu hahanamye hamwe nubutaka bwibirunga bitanga ibihe byiza. Kwishingikiriza ku bicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga bituma u Rwanda rwibasirwa n’imihindagurikire y’ibiciro byabo. [30] Amatungo y’ubuhinzi yororerwa mu Rwanda arimo [[inka]], [[ihene]], intama, ingurube, inkoko, ninkwavu, ndetse n'amafi hamwe n’imiterere ya geografiya mu mibare ya buri tungo. [31] umusaruro ahani ni gakondo, nubwo hari bake babona amata ndetse bagahinga imirima hirya [[Kigali]]. [31] Ibura ry’ubutaka n’amazi, ibiryo bidahagije kandi bidafite ubuziranenge, hamwe n’ibyorezo by’indwara bisanzwe hamwe na serivisi z’amatungo bidahagije ni inzitizi zikomeye zibuza umusaruro. "Gira Inka imwe muri gahunda za letamu gufasha imiryango ikennye" (Girinka), yashyizwe mu bikorwa mu 2006, yatanze inka 341.065 muri 2018. Uburobyi bubera ku biyaga byigihugu, ariko ububiko bwaragabanutse cyane, kandi amafi mazima atumizwa mu mahanga mu rwego rwo kubyutsa inganda. [33] Inganda zikora ubucukuzi bw' amabuye y' agaciro bw'u Rwanda n’umuterankunga ukomeye, zinjije amadolari ya Amerika 93&nbsp;miliyoni muri 2008. [34] Amabuye y'agaciro yacukuwe arimo cassiterite, wolframite, safiro, zahabu, na coltan, ikoreshwa mu gukora ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki n'itumanaho nka terefone zigendanwa. [34] [35] Umusaruro wa metani ukomoka mu [[Ikiyaga cya Kivu|kiyaga cya Kivu]] watangiye mu 1983, ariko kugeza ubu ukoreshwa n’uruganda rwa [[Bralirwa Brewery|Bralirwa]] gusa . == Ingufu n'amashanyarazi == [[Dosiye:ASC Leiden - Rwanda 2021 - 129 - Traffic on a busy road with a girl on the back of a motorcycle - Kigali.jpg|thumb|Amashanyarazi]] U Rwanda rwateye intambwe nini mu kuzamura amashanyarazi mu kinyejana cya 21. Umubare munini wibice bishya byahawe amashanyarazi binyuze mu kwagura ibikorwa remezo. Kugabanuka kw'amashyamba amaherezo bizahatira abanyarwanda guhindukirira amasoko ya peteroli bareke amakara yo gutekesha no gushyushya. Urebye ubwinshi bw'imigezi n'ibiyaga, ubushobozi bw'amashanyarazi ni bwinshi. U Rwanda rukoresha umutungo kamere binyuze mu mishinga ihuriweho n'amashanyarazi n'Uburundi na Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo. == Inganda == Urwego rw'inganda ruratera imbere cyane, rutanga 16% bya GDP muri 2012. Urugaga rw'inganda mu Rwanda rwiganjemo umusaruro usimbura ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga. Ibigo binini bitanga byeri, ibinyobwa bidasembuye, itabi, amasuka, amagare y'abamugaye, isabune, matelas, umuyoboro wa pulasitike, ibikoresho byo gusakara, n'amazi mu icupa.  n'indi misaruro harimo iva mu buhinzi, ibinyobwa bito bito, isabune, ibikoresho, inkweto, sima, pulasitiki, imyenda n'itabi. [21] == Ubukerarugendo na serivisi == [[File:Gorilla_mother_and_baby_at_Volcans_National_Park.jpg|alt=Photograph depicting female adult gorilla with a baby on her shoulders, surrounded by green foliage|thumb|250x250px|[[Ingagi zo mu birunga|Ingagi zo]] mu [[Ingagi zo mu birunga|misozi]] muri [[Pariki y’Igihugu y’Ibirunga|Parike y'Ibirunga]] .]] Urwego rwa serivisi mu Rwanda rwagize ibibazo mu mpera z'imyaka ya za 2000 kubera ko ibigo by'ishoramari byagabanyije inguzanyo ndetse n'imishinga yo gufasha mu mahanga n'ishoramari bikagabanuka. [36] Urwego rwongeye kwiyongera mu mwaka wa 2010, ruba urwego runini mu gihugu ku musaruro w’ubukungu kandi rutanga 43,6% by’umusaruro rusange w’igihugu. [21] Abaterankunga bo mu rwego rwa gatatu barimo amabanki n’imari, ubucuruzi bwinshi n’ibicuruzwa, amahoteri na resitora, ubwikorezi, ububiko, itumanaho, ubwishingizi, imitungo itimukanwa, serivisi z’ubucuruzi n’ubuyobozi bwa Leta harimo uburezi n’ubuzima. [36] Ubukerarugendo ni bumwe mu bukungu bwiyongera cyane mu bukungu kandi bwabaye igihugu cya mbere mu kwinjiza amadovize mu mwaka wa 2011. [37] N'ubwo umurage wa jenoside, igihugu kigenda kibonwa ku rwego mpuzamahanga nk'ahantu heza; [38] Ubuyobozi bwa Abinjira n'Abasohoka bw'anditse abantu banga 405,801 basura igihugu hagati ya Mutarama na Kamena 2011; 16% muri bo baturutse hanze ya Afurika. [39] inyungu mu bukerarugendo yari US $ 115,600,000 hagati Mutarama na Kamena 2011; abakora ibiruhuko batanze 43% byinjira, nubwo ari 9% gusa. [39] U Rwanda ni kimwe mu bihugu bibiri gusa bifite [[Ingagi zo mu birunga|ingagi zo mu misozi]] zishobora gusurwa neza; gukurikirana ingagi, muri parike y’ibirunga, ikurura abashyitsi ibihumbi ku mwaka, biteguye kwishyura ibiciro biri hejuru by'impushya zo kwemererwa gusura ingagi. [40] Ibindi bintu bikurura ibyiza birimo: Ishyamba rya Nyungwe, ibamo amoko menshi y'inguge, Ruwenzori colobus n’izindi nguge harimo ibitera, amahumbezi y’ikiyaga cya Kivu, na parike y' Akagera, ikigega gito cya savanna mu burasirazuba bw’igihugu. [41] Ubukerarugendo bw'u Rwanda bushingiye kuri [[Pariki y’Igihugu y’Ibirunga|pariki y'ibirunga]] (PNV) hamwe [[Ikirunga|n'ibirunga]] bitandatu hamwe n'inyamanswa zirinzwe arizo [[Ingagi zo mu birunga|Ingagi]] zo mu [[Ingagi zo mu birunga|misozi]] zizwi cyane na Dian Fossey . Byongeye kandi, ubukerarugendo bwerekeza muri Afurika yo hagati igishanga kinini gikingiwe na [[Pariki y'Akagera|pariki ya Akagera]], hamwe n’abaturage ba hippopotami, inyamanswa ya cape, zebra, [[inzovu]], eland, n’andi matungo manini y’imikino. Ubukerarugendo bujyanye [[Kwitegereza inyoni|n’inyoni]] bufite ubushobozi bwo kwiteza imbere cyane cyane muri [[Pariki ya Nyungwe|Parike ya Nyungwe]], mu mashyamba manini adacibwa muri Afurika. Pariki ya Nyungwe ibamo amoko arenga 300 y’inyoni. Kandi ubwoko butandukanye bwubuzima bwo mwishyamba nabwo. Inzibutso nyinshi zijyanye na [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|jenoside yo]] mu [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|Rwanda]] zatangiye kubyara ubukerarugendo bukomeye . Urugero, Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Gisozi mu [[Akarere ka Gasabo|Karere ka Gasabo ka]] Kigali - ahashyinguwe abagera ku 300.000 bazize jenoside - rufite ahantu hamwe n’imurikagurisha rya jenoside bifitanye isano n’isomero kandi rifite gahunda yo guteza imbere ikigo cyigisha ku mateka ya jenoside. Ikindi kigo gikomeye cy’urwibutso kijyanye na jenoside gikurura ba mukerarugendo ni Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Murambi rwubatswe mu cyahoze ari ishuri ry’ubuhanga rya tekinike rya Murambi aho abantu 45.000 biciwe kandi skelet 850 hamwe harimo n’ibisigazwa by’imirambo by’abiciwe. Hari izindi nzu ebyiri z’urwibutso zifitanye isano na jenoside ziri mu Karere ka Kicukiro : Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Rebero ahashyinguwe abazize jenoside 14.400 ndetse n’urwibutso rwa Jenocide rwa Nyanza-Kicukiro aho abantu 5000 bishwe nyuma y’uko abasirikare [[Ububiligi|b’Ababiligi]] bakoreraga mu ngabo [[Umuryango w’Abibumye|z’umuryango w’abibumbye]] zishinzwe ku bungabunga amahoro babatereranye. Mu Ntara ya Kibungo, ahabereye ubwicanyi bwa Nyarubuye niho hari Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyarubuye aho abagera ku 20.000 bishwe nyuma yo guhungira muri kiliziya Gatolika ya Roma ndetse n'inzu z'ababikira n'abapadiri bari bahatuye. == Ubukungu == Imbonerahamwe ikurikira irerekana ibipimo ngenderwaho byubukungu muri 1980–2017. {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !Umwaka ! 1980 ! 1985 ! 1990 ! 1995 ! 2000 ! 2005 ! 2006 ! 2007 ! 2008 ! 2009 ! 2010 ! 2011 ! 2012 ! 2013 ! 2014 ! 2015 ! 2016 ! 2017 |- | GDP muri $<br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki> <small>(PPP)</small> | 2.11 Bln. | 3.66 Bln. | 3.96 Bln. | 2.96 Bln. | 5.00 Bln. | 8.28 Bln. | 9.32 Bln. | 10.30 Bln. | 11.68 Bln. | 12.50 Bln. | 13.58 Bln. | 14.94 Bln. | 16.56 Bln. | 17.62 Bln. | 19.30 Bln. | 21.24 Bln. | 22.80 Bln. | 24.62 Bln. |- | GDP kuri buri muntu muri $<br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki> <small>(PPP)</small> | 453 | 643 | 614 | 541 | 667 | 938 | 1.036 | 1,120 | 1,229 | 1.289 | 1.358 | 1.465 | 1.577 | 1.640 | 1.754 | 1.884 | 1.973 | 2.080 |- | Ubwiyongere bwa GDP<br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki> <small>(nyabyo)</small> | −3.6 % | 5.5 % | 0.4 % | 24.5 % | 8.4 % | 9.4 % | 9.2 % | 7.6 % | 11.2 % | 6.3 % | 7.3 % | 7.8 % | 8.8 % | 4.7 % | 7.6 % | 8.9 % | 6.0 % | 6.1 % |- | Ifaranga<br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki> <small>(ku ijana)</small> | 7.2 % | −1.1 % | 4.2 % | 56.0 % | 3.9 % | 9.1 % | 8.8 % | 9.1 % | 15.4 % | 10.3 % | 2.3 % | 5.7 % | 6.3 % | 4.2 % | 1.8 % | 2.5 % | 5.7 % | 4.8 % |- | Umwenda wa Leta<br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki> <small>(Ijanisha rya GDP)</small> | . . . | . . . | . . . | 120 % | 103 % | 67 % | 24 % | 24 % | 19 % | 20 % | 20 % | 20 % | 20 % | 27 % | 29 % | 33 % | 37 % | 41 % |} == Reba kandi == * [[Rwanda]] * Ingufu mu Rwanda * Itumanaho mu Rwanda * Ubwikorezi mu Rwanda * Komisiyo y’umuryango w’abibumbye ishinzwe ubukungu muri Afurika '''Rusange:''' * [[Ubukungu bw'Afurika|Ubukungu bwa Afurika]] == Imiyoboro == {{Reflist|30em}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * Economy of Rwanda Economy of Rwanda * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070901213134/http://www.pulitzercenter.org/openitem.cfm?id=215 Ikigo cya Pulitzer kivuga ku bibazo] by’amakimbirane mu Rwanda n’ingaruka z’ibidukikije (Video) * [http://www.trademap.org/open_access/Index.aspx?proceed=true&reporter=646 U Rwanda amakuru yubucuruzi agezweho ku ikarita yubucuruzi ya ITC] * [http://wits.worldbank.org/CountryProfile/Country/RWA/Year/2012/Summary Banki y'Isi Incamake y'ibarurishamibare mu bucuruzi u Rwanda] [[Category:Ubukungu bw’u Rwanda]] [[Category:Rwanda]] [[Category:Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’Ibihugu by’i Burayi]] [[Category:Umuryango w’Abibumye]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 9mn2l3yqm3y262zypyzo1xdc5w7yl5z 0 8487 133684 132892 2026-07-08T14:09:47Z NSHUTIYIMANA Moise 17987 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 133684 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Great_Western_Savings_Bank.jpg|thumb|Banki nkuru y'u Rwanda (BNR)]] [[Dosiye:Musanze_NBR.jpg|thumb|NBR ishami rya Musanze]] [[Dosiye:NBR Musanze District.jpg|thumb|'''Banki Nkuru y’u Rwanda yi Musanze''']] '''Banki Nkuru y’u Rwanda''' ni banki nkuru mu [[Rwanda]] . Banki yashinzwe mu 1964. Ubu guverineri wayo ni [[John Rwangombwa]] . == Aho iherereye == Iherereye mu nyubako ya Banki nkuru y’u Rwanda, ku Muhanda wa KN6 ahagenewe ubucuruzi hagati mu mujyi wa [[Kigali]], [[umurwa]] mukuru n’umujyi munini mu [[Rwanda]]. ibiranga icyicaro gikuru cya banki ni 01 ° 56'56.0 "S, 30 ° 03'49.0" E (Ubunini: -1.948889; Uburebure: 30.063611). == Incamake == Iyi banki ifite uruhare runini mu guteza imbere politiki yo kwinjiza imari kandi ni umunyamuryango wa mbere [http://www.afi-global.org w’ubumwe bw’ubufatanye bw’imari] . Ni kandi kimwe mu bigo 17 byabanje kugenzura ibyemezo by’[[igihugu]] byiyemeje gushyira mu bikorwa imari mu rwego rwo gushyira mu bikorwa imari n'igenamigambi nk'uko byatangajwe na Maya mu ihuriro rya politiki mpuzamahanga ku isi ryabereye muri [[Megizike|Mexico]] muri 2011. == Ba guverineri Bayoboye iyi banki == Abayobozi ba Banki nkuru y’u Rwanda * Johan A. Brandon : 1964-1965 * Masaya Hattori : 1965-1971 * Jean Berchmans Birara : 1971-1985 * Augustin Ruzindana : 1985-1990 * Denis Ntirugirimbabazi : 1991-1994 * Gérard Niyitegeka : 1994-1995 * François Mutemberezi : 1996-2002 * François Kanimba : 2002-2011 * [[Claver Gatete]] : 2011-2013 * John Rwangombwa : Nyuma ya 2013 == Amateka == Banki Nkuru, amazina ahinnye yiswe " '''BNR''' ", yagiye iterimbere intambwe ku yindi: * Iteka ryemewe ryo ku wa 27 Nyakanga 1887 rigena ifaranga nk'uko n'amafaranga ya Leta yigenga ya Kongo, ariho n' U Rwanda rwabarizwaga. * Amasezerano ya Heligoland yo mu 1890 ashyira u Rwanda n'Uburundi mu muryango w'ubudage muri Afurika; Ubudage rupie yo muburasirazuba bwa Afrika nk' ifaranga ryemewe; kuzenguruka amafaranga y'ubufaransa bigakomeza gutyo gutyo. * Bitewe n’ibikorwa [[Ububiligi|by’Ububiligi]], Kongo y’Ababiligi ibaye umunyamuryango w’ubumwe bw’amafaranga y’ikilatini mu 1908. * Banki y'Ububiligi ya Kongo yashinzwe mu 1909. * Banki y’Ububiligi ya Congo yatanze inoti zayo za mbere mu 1912. * U Rwanda n'Uburundi bifatanije na Kongo Franc Zone nyuma yo gutsindwa [[Ubudage|n'Ubudage]] mu Ntambara ya Mbere y'Isi Yose ; 1927 * Ubukoloni bwa Kongo y'Ububiligi na Banki y'Ububiligi bwa Kongo bushiraho umubano mushya; 1927–1952 ** Igihe cy'Intambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose : uruhare rw'agateganyo rwa Banki y'Ubwongereza ; [[Igifaransa]] congo kiri i Londres. * Ababiligi Congo na Banki Nkuru ya Ruanda-Urundi (BCCBRU) 1952 - 1960 * Banque d 'Emission du Rwanda et du Burundi (BERB) / (Gutanga Banki yu Rwanda nu Burundi) - 1960 - 1964 * Banki ya Royal yu Burundi (BRB) na Banque Nationale du Rwanda (BNR) yafunguwe mu 1964. * ( Banque de la République du Burundi (BRB) ifungura mu 1966. ) == Reba kandi == * [[Ubukungu bw'U Rwanda|Ubukungu bw'u Rwanda]] * Amafaranga y'u Rwanda * Amabanki yo hagati n’ifaranga rya Afurika == Reba == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20180201194700/http://www.bnr.rw/ (in French and English)] [https://web.archive.org/web/20180201194700/http://www.bnr.rw/ '''Urubuga rwemewe:''' Banque Nationale du Rwanda] [[Ikiciro:Banki Nkuru y'u Rwanda| ]] [[Ikiciro:Ubukungu bw’u Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Template]] ai9b7czw4lbj2gibt6wjtneeq9zylrf 0 8715 133688 132656 2026-07-08T14:12:15Z NSHUTIYIMANA Moise 17987 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 133688 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Rwanda Traditional meal.jpg|thumb|Ibiryo gakondo byo mu Rwanda|272x272px]] [[Dosiye:Ibiryo bya kinyarwanda.jpg|thumb|Ibiryo bya kinyarwanda|275x275px]] [[Dosiye:Imyumbati.jpg|thumb]] U [[Rwanda]] ni [[igihugu]] gikungahaye ku muco ndetse no kuri gakondo kandi gifite ibikiranga byinshi harimo n'ibiryo bishingiye ku muco . == Amateka == Abanyarwanda bo hambere bakundaga kurya indryo gakondo bakomora kuri ba sekuruza babo cyangwa abakurambere babo. Ubwoko bw'ibiryo bitandukanye bwararibwaga mu [[Rwanda]] kandi bigatekwa mu buryo bushingiye ku muco harimo imyumbati bakunze kwita gumino<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://igicumbi.com/index.php/ubukerarugendo-mu-rwanda/amafunguro/item/227-imyumbati-gumino-ibiryo-bya-kinyarwanda |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-02-04 |archive-date=2017-12-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171218183225/http://igicumbi.com/index.php/ubukerarugendo-mu-rwanda/amafunguro/item/227-imyumbati-gumino-ibiryo-bya-kinyarwanda |url-status=dead }}</ref>, Ibijumba,Isogi,[[Ibikoro]], umutsima n'ibindi byinshi bidakunze kuboneka kugeza magingo aya. Sibyo gusa kandi ahubwo abanyarwanda bo hambere bakundaga no guhiga cyane inyamswa mu ishyamba, ibyo nabyo bakabirya nk'ihaho ryazaniwe umuryango. Ibiryo bya [[Kinyarwanda]] kandi usibye umwihariko wabyo mu kuryoha ahubwo bitera imbaraga bigatuma abantu bakomera cyane ndetse bakabaho igihe kirekire, ndetse ntibarwaragurike.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.kimenyi.com/umuco-karande.php |accessdate=2021-02-04 |archive-date=2020-07-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200702194137/http://www.kimenyi.com/umuco-karande.php |deadurl=yes }}</ref> == Amoko y'ibiryo nyarwanda == Mu [[Rwanda]] tugira amoko menshi y'ibiryo nyarwanda bimwe wabisanga mu maresitora(Restaurant) menshi yo mumugi wa [[kigali]], ayakunzwe cyane n'abanyarwanda bo hambere ni aya: === a. Amateke === [[Dosiye:Gaava.jpg|thumb|isombe]] [[Dosiye:Dasheens, photo from The Encyclopedia of Food by Artemas Ward.jpg|thumb|amateke]] '''Dr IRATUZI Philemon''' yavuzeko Amateke ari kimwe mu bihingwa byera cyane mu [[Rwanda]], iki gihingwa gifite inkomoko muri [[Aziya]], gikungahaye cyane ku ntungamubiri zitandukanye cyane harimo vitamini ya A,B,C na E. Igihingwa cy' amateke cyameneyekanye cyane mu [[Rwanda]] rwo hambere ndetse nubu nk'igihingwa gitera imbaraga iyo umuntu akiriye, kigafasha mwigogora ry'ibiryo, azamura ubudahangwa bw'umubiri, afasha gukora neza kw'amaso ndetse nibindi byinshi.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://horahoclinic.rw/health-packages/nutrition-care/article/abenshi-ntibanayazi-ariko-agirira-umubiri-akamaro-gakomeye-amateke |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-02-05 |archive-date=2021-02-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210213050919/http://horahoclinic.rw/health-packages/nutrition-care/article/abenshi-ntibanayazi-ariko-agirira-umubiri-akamaro-gakomeye-amateke |url-status=dead }}</ref> Amateke yifashishwaga cyane kandi nk'imboga mu [[Rwanda]] rwo hambere. === b. Isombe === '''IRATUZI Philemon''' yakomeje kuvugako Isombe ari ibiryo bya [[Kinyarwanda]] kandi biribwa n'abanyarwanda gusa biva ku bibabi by'imyumbati bikiri bitoto nyuma bigasekurwa bigatekwa igihe kirekire kugirango bishye neza. Isombe ikungahaye cyane ku ntungamubiri zitandukanye harimo no gutanga amashereka ku babyeyi bonsa. Isombe isaba kubanza kuyisekura ikanoga, ikindi kandi igomba gushyirwamo ibirungo byinshi kugirango iryohe harimo sereri, igitunguru, ifu y'ubunyobwa cyangwa ifu y'ibihwagari. Mu [[Rwanda]] rwohambere benshi basekuraga isombe bakayigereka ku bishyimbo, abaririye bahamya ko ryabaga ari ifunguro ntagereranywa.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20210418152114/https://agakiza.org/Menya-Uburyo-butandukanye-bwo-guteka-isombe.html</ref> === c. Ibikoro === [[Dosiye:Dioscorea polystachya (batatas).jpg|thumb|ibikoro]] Ibikoro ni kimwe mu biribwa byakunzwe kuribwa hambere mu [[Rwanda]] ariko bitazwi n'abanyarwanda benshi bo muri iki kinyejana. Ibikora ni igihingwa gikurira mu butaka nk'ibijumba n'imyumbati. Ibikoro bigira intungamuburi nyinshi harimo [[Vitamini C|vitamini c]] yongera ingufu n'ubudahangarwa mu mubiri, ibikoro bigira imyunyu ngungu zifasha gukora proteyine zo mu maraso zikora udusemburo twamaraso,ndetse bikagira n'ibinyasukari byinshi bitera imbaraga bigakomeza umubiri<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://umutihealth.com/ibikoro/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-02-05 |archive-date=2023-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301183852/https://umutihealth.com/ibikoro/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> === d. Ibijumba === [[Dosiye:Sweet potatoes 2.jpg|thumb|ibijumba]] Ibijumba ni igihingwa gikomoka muri [[Amerika y’Epfo]] cyazanywe mu [[Rwanda]] nabakoroni. Ni igihingwa kizwi cyane nabanyarwanda kandi gikunzwe cyane gikungahaye kubyo bita antidioxant birinda abantu gusaza. Ibijumba bigira amoko menshi harimo iby'umuhondo, umutuku,move, umweru ndetse nigitaka nibyo biboneka mu [[Rwanda]]. Ibijumba ni igihingwa kigira intungamubiri cyane ku barwayi ba diabete kuko bigira isukari igenda ikaringaniza iri mu maraso. Sibyo gusa kandi ibijumba byongerera umubiri ubudahangarwa butuma umubiri utarwaragurika kuko bifite vitamin D<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubuhinzi/ubuhinzi/article/nusoma-iyi-nkuru-ntuzongera-gusuzugura-ibijumba</ref>. Ibijumba byareze abana benshi b'abanyarwanda nk'igihingwa cyakunze kuribwa cyane wakigereranya n'umugati wo muri iyi minsi. === e.Amasaka === [[Dosiye:Igikoma cy' amasaka.jpg|thumb|igikoma cy' amasaka]] Amasaka ni Igihingwa cyakunzwe cyane mu [[Rwanda]] ndetse kikaba kinera cyane, amasaka afite intungamubiri nyinshi kandi akaba ari igihingwa kiribwa hafi ya buri munsi na buri munyarwanda wese. Mu masaka havamo ifu y'igikoma gikunda guhabwa abana ngo bakure neza ndetse n'ababyeyi bakibyara, mu masaka havamo kandi umusururu cyangwa [[ikigage]] gikunzwe kunywebwa cyane mu [[Rwanda]] kandi gikunzwe na benshi, akarusho rero mu masaka havamo umutsima wa kinyarwanda ukunzwe gutegurwa cyane ku munsi w'umuganura bigaragazako amasaka afite uruhare runini mu mirire gakondo.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20220912163933/https://umutihealth.com/amasaka/</ref> Amasaka rero agira akamaro kanini mu mubiri w'umuntu kuburyo ari byiza kuyashyira mu mafunguro ya buri munsi, harimo nko kuba amasaka akomeza amagufa akayarinda kumugwa no kurwara [[kanseri]] zamagufa n'ibindi. Ubushakashatsi butandukanye bwakozwe bwemeza ko mu masaka harimo ibinyampeke birinda kubura amaraso no kurwanya ibinure bibi mu mubiri.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubuhinzi/ubuhinzi/article/menya-ibyiza-by-amasaka-ikinyampeke-kirusha-ibindi-guhingwa-muri-afurika</ref> === f. Inkarishya[ intagarasoryo} === [[Dosiye:Pomme de terre "Pompadour" 04.jpg|thumb|Ibijumba]] Inkarishya zikunze kwitwa intagarasoryo ni utubuto duto cyane tuba mu mabara menshi umutuku, icyatsi ndetse n'umuhondo. Inkarishya zijya kumera k'intoryi usibye ko zo aba ari nto cyane, zikaba zizwiho gusharira cyane. Zakundaga kuribwa n'abakecuru bo hambere bakaziteka zivanze n'ibishyimbo abenshi babaga bazikurikiyeho ubusharire bwazo.<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/83656/inkarishya-umuti-ukomeye-ku-buzima-bwawe-83656.html</ref> Inkarishya zikaba zifite akamaro gakomeye mu mubiri w'umuntu ndetse no mu [[Umuco nyarwanda]]. Inkarishya zifashishwa cyane mu kuvura igifu ku bantu bafite udusebe mu gifu, inkarishya kandi zivura kuribwa mu nda nyuma yo kurya bikunzwe kwitirwa inzoka zo mu nda ndetse zikavura impiswi n'impatwe. Inkarishya zizwi cyane mu guhangana nadiyabeti, rubagimpande, kurinda no kuvura inkorora ndetse no kurinda kanseri z'ubwoko butandukanye,kurinda indwara z'ubuhumekero, ndetse no kurwanya uburibwe no kubyimbirwa.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://umutihealth.com/inkarishya/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-02-07 |archive-date=2021-03-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210303062710/https://umutihealth.com/inkarishya/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> === g.Ibihaza === Ibihazani ibiribwa byuzuye intungamubiri, biboneka henshi mu [[Rwanda]], yaba mu mirima ndetse no mubisambu bitandukanye, Ibihaza kandi ntago biboneka mu [[Rwanda]] gusa bikunze kwitwa pampkin mu rurimi rw'[[Icyongereza]]. Ibihaza bigira intungamubiri nyinshi ku buzima bw'umuntu, ku mpyiko, ku ruhu ndetse no ku maso y'umuntu akarusho rero bikaba byiza ku bagore babyaye kuko bibongerera amashereka sibyo gusa ahubwo ibihaza byogera n'ubudahangarwa mu mubiri.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://umutihealth.com/ibihaza/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-02-07 |archive-date=2021-02-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210214010740/https://umutihealth.com/ibihaza/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Dosiye:Ibiryo bya kinyarwanda.jpg|thumb|365x365px]] Sibi gusa ahubwo hari n'andi moko menshi cyane y'ibiribwa gakondo bikomoka mu [[Rwanda]] == Amoko y'ibinyobwa nyarwanda == Mu Rwanda tugira amoko menshi y'ibinyobwa bimwe bifite gakondo mu muco wacu ndetse n'ibindi byavuye mu bindi bihugu === a.Urwagwa === Urwagwa ni ikinyobwa gikomoka mu [[Rwanda]], kikaba kiva ku gihingwa k'igitoki, iki gihingwa kikaba cyaramamaye mu bihugu by'abaturanyi cyane. Urwagwa rukundwa cyane n'abasheshe akanguhe. iki kinyobwa bakaba bakenga cyangwa bagikora mu bitoki bagakuramo umutobe w'ibitoki ukundwa cyane n'abana, iyo uyu mutobe usembuwe uhinduka Urwagwa.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://rsb.gov.rw/fileadmin/Kwenga_inzoga_z_ibitoki_n_izifatiye_ku_bimera.pdf |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-02-07 |archive-date=2022-07-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220707153249/http://rsb.gov.rw/fileadmin/Kwenga_inzoga_z_ibitoki_n_izifatiye_ku_bimera.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ibitoki kandi bivamo divayi ndetse n'imitobe y'ubundi bwoko butandukanye. === b. Ikigage === [[Dosiye:Rwanda_ikigage.jpg|thumb|Ikigage]] Ikigage ni ikinyobwa gikorerwa mu [[Rwanda]], gikorwa mu masaka, iki kinyobwa gikunzwe cyane mu [[Rwanda]] benshi bakunze kikita amarwa, kikaba gihuza abantu bagasusuruka ndetse bakunga ubumwe. Ikindi kandi iki kinyobwa cyungura cyane abantu bagicuruza mu turere dutandukanye tw'igihugu kikaba kizwiho kuryoha cyane.<ref>https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B978012816685700015X</ref> == Reba Kandi == [[Umuco nyarwanda]] [[Umuganura]] [[Imboga za leti]] == Reba == <references /> [[Category:Rwanda]] [[Category:Umuco w' U Rwanda]] [[Category:Ibiribwa]] [[Category:Ibinyobwa]] q9lts3377u9ippqcowbnhzm1aqvy0f5 0 8741 133700 133365 2026-07-09T10:03:47Z Philemon Niyomwungeli 11747 133700 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|excludeProperties=Q65063439}}[[Dosiye:King-faisal-hospital-kigali-logo.png|thumb|153x153px|Ikirango cy'ibitaro byitiriwe umwami Faisal ( King Faisal)]] [[Dosiye:Hospital room ubt.jpeg|thumb|Ibitaro]] '''[https://kfh.rw/ Ibitaro byitiriwe umwami Faisal, Kigali]''' byashinzwe hagati ya 1987 na 1991 hifashishijwe ikigega cya [[Arabiya Sawudite]] gishinzwe iterambere (SFD). Ni ibitaro binini byubatse kuri Hegitari 7.9. Biherereye ahantu hirengeye kandi ifite metero kare 18,000 zubutaka bwagabanijwe hejuru yamagorofa 4 ninyubako yagutse ya metero kare 2,285 yubutaka. Ibi bitaro bitanga ubuvuzi bwihariye, harimo gusuzuma indwara no kuvura byihariye. Aho bihererye ni Kacyiru, Kigali, Rwanda, mu Karere ka Gasabo, ku muhanda wa KG 544.<ref>https://kfh.rw/our-doctors/departments/</ref> == Ibikoresho == Ibitaro byitiriwe umwami Faisal, Kigali bifite ibitanda 160. Ibyo bikubiyemo ibitanda 7 by'abarwayi baba byitaweho cyane (ICU), ibitanda 7 byiganjemo abantu benshi, aho babagira 5, ibitanda 7 bya Neonatal Intensive Care Unit ( NICU ), ibitanda 13 mu byumba by’ubutabazi bwihutirwa n’ibyumba 2 by’ubutabazi bwuzuye. Ibitaro kandi bifite ibaba ryigenga rifite ibyumba 8 byo mu rwego rwo hejuru, 2 muri byo ni ibyumba bya ICU. Ugereranyije, impuzandengo ya buri mwaka umubare w’abarwayi bisuzumisha ni 72,201 ,umubare mpuzandengo w’abinjira ibitaro ni 8.346, iminsi yo kumara mubitaro muri rusange ni 5. Ibitaro byitiriwe umwami Faisal Kigali biherutse kugura Laboratwari nshya ya Cat ( Catheterisation ) hamwe na scaneri ya1.5 . Ibitaro kandi nibyo byonyine bifite scaneri ya CT ifite ubushobozi bwo gukata 128 mu gihugu kimwe n’imashini 13 za hemodialyse . Kuri ubu, ibitaro birimo gukora umushinga wo [https://constructionreviewonline.com/2020/01/king-faisal-hospital-in-rwanda-to-undergo-us-20m-facelift/ kuvugurura] no [https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/we-want-attract-rwandan-medics-abroad-new-king-faisal-ceo kwagura] . Inzu nshya y’ubuvuzi irimo kubakwa igizwe n’ibyumba 45 by’ubujyanama n’ivuriro rishya ry’ubuvuzi rizatanga serivisi nziza. Icyiciro cya mbere cyumushinga wo kuvugurura cyibanze ku kuvugurura inzu y’ibitaro n’ibaba ryayo ryigenga ry’abarwayi. [[Dosiye:Going_into_MRI.jpg|thumb|201x201px|Gusuzuma nimwe muri Serivisi zitangirwa mu bitaro byitiriwe umwami Faisal bya Kigali]] == Umwihariko == Ibi bitaro byashoye imari mu buhanga bw’ubuvuzi harimo umutima, cardio-thoracic, neurosurgie na orthopedics. undi mwihariko harimo neprology, ubuvuzi bwihutirwa, ubuvuzi bw'abana, oncology, ginecology n'ababyaza, ENT, urology, pulmonology, amenyo na serivise za maxillofacial, amaso, ubuvuzi bw'uruhu, hematology, na serivisi z’indwara. == Kwemererwa == Ibitaro byitiriwe umwami Faisal, Kigali byemewe na (COHSASA). [https://web.archive.org/web/20210127184417/http://cohsasa.co.za/ COHSASA] ni urwego rufite icyicaro i Cape Town, muri [[Afurika y'Epfo]] rufite impamyabumenyi y’ubuvuzi nayo yemerwa na [https://isqua.org/ ISQua], umuryango mpuzamahanga ushinzwe ubuziranenge mu buvuzi. == Foundation y'ibitaro byitiriwe umwami Faisal Rwanda (KFHRF) == Fondasiyo y'ibitaro byitiriwe umwami Faisal [[Rwanda]] kuri ubu iri mu ntangiriro yayo nyuma ya gahunda y'ibikorwa yemejwe n'ibitaro mu Kwakira 2020. Mu rwego rw’ubuzima, intego nyamukuru za Fondasiyo ni ugushyigikira abashakashatsi binyuze mu kubatera inkunga, amahugurwa no koroherezwa mu gukwirakwiza amakuru y’ubushakashatsi, gushyiraho umubano w’ibikorwa n’ibigo bitera inkunga amasomo, bishingiye ku bushakashatsi no gutera inkunga amahugurwa y’abashakashatsi mu buvuzi. Igice gishinzwe imibereho myiza kigize urufatiro rw'iyi fondasiyo, ibitaro bizafasha muburyo bw'amafaranga abarwayi badafite ubushobozi bwo kwivuza bizakomeza gukangurira abaturage ibijyanye na NCDs, kwisuzumisha hakiri kare indwara zivukanwa nizisaba kubaga muburyo bwo kuzikumira. Byongeye kandi, fondasiyo izatera inkunga ingando zo kubaga / kwegera igihugu mu rwego rwo kugabanya urutonde rurerure rwo gutegereza mubindi bitaro . Hanyuma, mu rwego rw'uburezi, fondasiyo izateza imbere ibikoresho bishya byo kwiga harimo kwigira kwikoranabuhanga no gutera inkunga Ubuvuzi bukomeza (CME).<ref>https://kfh.rw/</ref><ref>https://ihf-fih.org/members/king-faisal-hospital-rwanda-rwanda/</ref> == Umumaro Wayo Mu Rwanda == King Faisal Hospital Kigali ifatwa nk’ikigo cy’ingenzi mu buvuzi bwihariye mu Rwanda, kikaba gifasha kugabanya umubare w’abarwayi boherezwa kwivuriza mu mahanga, cyane cyane abafite indwara z’umutima, impyiko n’izindi zikeneye ubuvuzi buhanitse <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuing_medical_education</ref> [[Dosiye:Tri-Service_General_Hospital_nahu-2.jpg|thumb|Inyubako z'ibitaro byitiriwe Umwami Faisal]] == Reba kandi == * Urutonde rw'ibitaro byo mu Rwanda * Ubuzima mu Rwanda == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/207813/ Kuvugurura ibitaro bya King Faisal bitangira ukwezi gutaha] Kuva 8 Gashyantare 2017. [[Ikiciro:Ibitaro mu Rwanda|Umwami Faisal]] 7ol0cn6a3e2biqnli93kj89kjux9t3g 133701 133700 2026-07-09T10:05:25Z Philemon Niyomwungeli 11747 133701 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|excludeProperties=Q65063439}}'''[https://kfh.rw/ Ibitaro byitiriwe umwami Faisal, Kigali]''' byashinzwe hagati ya 1987 na 1991 hifashishijwe ikigega cya [[Arabiya Sawudite]] gishinzwe iterambere (SFD). Ni ibitaro binini byubatse kuri Hegitari 7.9. Biherereye ahantu hirengeye kandi ifite metero kare 18,000 zubutaka bwagabanijwe hejuru yamagorofa 4 ninyubako yagutse ya metero kare 2,285 yubutaka. Ibi bitaro bitanga ubuvuzi bwihariye, harimo gusuzuma indwara no kuvura byihariye. Aho bihererye ni Kacyiru, Kigali, Rwanda, mu Karere ka Gasabo, ku muhanda wa KG 544.<ref>https://kfh.rw/our-doctors/departments/</ref> == Ibikoresho == Ibitaro byitiriwe umwami Faisal, Kigali bifite ibitanda 160. Ibyo bikubiyemo ibitanda 7 by'abarwayi baba byitaweho cyane (ICU), ibitanda 7 byiganjemo abantu benshi, aho babagira 5, ibitanda 7 bya Neonatal Intensive Care Unit ( NICU ), ibitanda 13 mu byumba by’ubutabazi bwihutirwa n’ibyumba 2 by’ubutabazi bwuzuye. Ibitaro kandi bifite ibaba ryigenga rifite ibyumba 8 byo mu rwego rwo hejuru, 2 muri byo ni ibyumba bya ICU. Ugereranyije, impuzandengo ya buri mwaka umubare w’abarwayi bisuzumisha ni 72,201 ,umubare mpuzandengo w’abinjira ibitaro ni 8.346, iminsi yo kumara mubitaro muri rusange ni 5. Ibitaro byitiriwe umwami Faisal Kigali biherutse kugura Laboratwari nshya ya Cat ( Catheterisation ) hamwe na scaneri ya1.5 . Ibitaro kandi nibyo byonyine bifite scaneri ya CT ifite ubushobozi bwo gukata 128 mu gihugu kimwe n’imashini 13 za hemodialyse . Kuri ubu, ibitaro birimo gukora umushinga wo [https://constructionreviewonline.com/2020/01/king-faisal-hospital-in-rwanda-to-undergo-us-20m-facelift/ kuvugurura] no [https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/we-want-attract-rwandan-medics-abroad-new-king-faisal-ceo kwagura] . Inzu nshya y’ubuvuzi irimo kubakwa igizwe n’ibyumba 45 by’ubujyanama n’ivuriro rishya ry’ubuvuzi rizatanga serivisi nziza. Icyiciro cya mbere cyumushinga wo kuvugurura cyibanze ku kuvugurura inzu y’ibitaro n’ibaba ryayo ryigenga ry’abarwayi. == Umwihariko == Ibi bitaro byashoye imari mu buhanga bw’ubuvuzi harimo umutima, cardio-thoracic, neurosurgie na orthopedics. undi mwihariko harimo neprology, ubuvuzi bwihutirwa, ubuvuzi bw'abana, oncology, ginecology n'ababyaza, ENT, urology, pulmonology, amenyo na serivise za maxillofacial, amaso, ubuvuzi bw'uruhu, hematology, na serivisi z’indwara. == Kwemererwa == Ibitaro byitiriwe umwami Faisal, Kigali byemewe na (COHSASA). [https://web.archive.org/web/20210127184417/http://cohsasa.co.za/ COHSASA] ni urwego rufite icyicaro i Cape Town, muri [[Afurika y'Epfo]] rufite impamyabumenyi y’ubuvuzi nayo yemerwa na [https://isqua.org/ ISQua], umuryango mpuzamahanga ushinzwe ubuziranenge mu buvuzi.[[Dosiye:King-faisal-hospital-kigali-logo.png|thumb|153x153px|Ikirango cy'ibitaro byitiriwe umwami Faisal ( King Faisal)]] == Foundation y'ibitaro byitiriwe umwami Faisal Rwanda (KFHRF) == Fondasiyo y'ibitaro byitiriwe umwami Faisal [[Rwanda]] kuri ubu iri mu ntangiriro yayo nyuma ya gahunda y'ibikorwa yemejwe n'ibitaro mu Kwakira 2020. Mu rwego rw’ubuzima, intego nyamukuru za Fondasiyo ni ugushyigikira abashakashatsi binyuze mu kubatera inkunga, amahugurwa no koroherezwa mu gukwirakwiza amakuru y’ubushakashatsi, gushyiraho umubano w’ibikorwa n’ibigo bitera inkunga amasomo, bishingiye ku bushakashatsi no gutera inkunga amahugurwa y’abashakashatsi mu buvuzi. Igice gishinzwe imibereho myiza kigize urufatiro rw'iyi fondasiyo, ibitaro bizafasha muburyo bw'amafaranga abarwayi badafite ubushobozi bwo kwivuza bizakomeza gukangurira abaturage ibijyanye na NCDs, kwisuzumisha hakiri kare indwara zivukanwa nizisaba kubaga muburyo bwo kuzikumira. Byongeye kandi, fondasiyo izatera inkunga ingando zo kubaga / kwegera igihugu mu rwego rwo kugabanya urutonde rurerure rwo gutegereza mubindi bitaro . Hanyuma, mu rwego rw'uburezi, fondasiyo izateza imbere ibikoresho bishya byo kwiga harimo kwigira kwikoranabuhanga no gutera inkunga Ubuvuzi bukomeza (CME).<ref>https://kfh.rw/</ref><ref>https://ihf-fih.org/members/king-faisal-hospital-rwanda-rwanda/</ref> == Umumaro Wayo Mu Rwanda == King Faisal Hospital Kigali ifatwa nk’ikigo cy’ingenzi mu buvuzi bwihariye mu Rwanda, kikaba gifasha kugabanya umubare w’abarwayi boherezwa kwivuriza mu mahanga, cyane cyane abafite indwara z’umutima, impyiko n’izindi zikeneye ubuvuzi buhanitse <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuing_medical_education</ref> [[Dosiye:Tri-Service_General_Hospital_nahu-2.jpg|thumb|Inyubako z'ibitaro byitiriwe Umwami Faisal]] == Reba kandi == * Urutonde rw'ibitaro byo mu Rwanda * Ubuzima mu Rwanda [[Dosiye:Hospital room ubt.jpeg|thumb|Ibitaro]] == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/207813/ Kuvugurura ibitaro bya King Faisal bitangira ukwezi gutaha] Kuva 8 Gashyantare 2017. [[Ikiciro:Ibitaro mu Rwanda|Umwami Faisal]] fb9aig7s6vgiu1nygf3cir597xrdorj 0 9215 133695 133629 2026-07-08T14:16:11Z NSHUTIYIMANA Moise 17987 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 133695 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Articles with hCards]] [[Dosiye:Minister Bamporiki Profile Picture.jpg|thumb|Bamporiki Edouard]]{{Databox|excludeProperties=Q105071496}} '''Edouard Bamporiki''' (yavutse Ukwakira 24, 1983) ni umuhanzi w'umunyapolitike w'[[Umunyarwandakazi|umunyarwanda]] . <ref>https://africanfilmny.org/directors/edouard-bamporiki/</ref> <ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/Bamporiki-yasobanuye-impamvu-yasuye-Idamange</ref> Kugeza ubu afite umwanya muri guverinoma y’u Rwanda nka Minisitiri ushinzwe umuco muri Minisiteri y’Urubyiruko n’umuco Bamporiki yabaye umukinnyi umukinnyi wa filime n'umwanditsi n'umusizi.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/politiki-y-inkotanyi-minisitiri-bamporiki-yashoye-ibiceri-300-frw-none-ageze |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-11 |archive-date=2021-11-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211111130525/https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/politiki-y-inkotanyi-minisitiri-bamporiki-yashoye-ibiceri-300-frw-none-ageze |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ubuzima bwambere nuburere == '''Bamporiki''' yavukiye mu [[Akarere ka Nyamasheke|karere ka Nyamasheke]] , [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba]] bw'u [[Rwanda]]. Yize amashuri muri ako karere<ref>https://umuryango.rw/amakuru/mu-rwanda/article/hon-edouard-bamporiki-yashimiye-perezida-kagame-wamugiriye-icyizere-akamugira</ref>. Muri 2003, igihe Bamporiki yari afite imyaka 20, yinjiye mu ikinamico episodic yacaga kuri radiyo y'igihugu<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/sinema/bamporiki-edouard-asigaye-agenda-yikanga-umugore-we-muri-amerika |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-11 |archive-date=2021-11-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211111130525/https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/sinema/bamporiki-edouard-asigaye-agenda-yikanga-umugore-we-muri-amerika |url-status=dead }}</ref>. Ibi byamuhaye kwiyerekana mugihugu cyose nk'umukinnyi w'umuhanga.Afite impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu by'amategeko yakuye muri Université Libre de Kigali ( ULK ) . <ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/entertainment/bamporikis-comments-explicit-music-content-draw-mixed-reactions</ref> == Umwuga wa politiki == Mu 2013, Bamporiki yatorewe kuba Umudepite mu [[Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y’u Rwanda|Nteko ishinga amategeko y'u Rwanda]], Urugereko rwo hasi<ref>https://teradignews.rw/tag/bamporiki-edouard/</ref>. Muri 2019, yagizwe Minisitiri muri Minisiteri y’Urubyiruko n’umuco na Perezida [[Paul Kagame]] .Mbere y’inama [[Inama y’Abaminisitiri|y’abaminisitiri]], yari Perezida wa komisiyo y’igihugu y'itorero ry'u [[Rwanda]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://imvahonshya.co.rw/u-rwanda-rwabonye-ubwigenge-bupfubye-bamporiki-edouard/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-11 |archive-date=2021-11-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211111130523/https://imvahonshya.co.rw/u-rwanda-rwabonye-ubwigenge-bupfubye-bamporiki-edouard/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>. == Umwuga wa film == [[Dosiye:Communes of Rwanda.svg|thumb]] Bamporiki n'umukinnyi wa firime. ''Long Coat'' ni imwe muri filime zizwi cyane - binyuze mu nkuru y’umuntu warokotse [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994]] ndetse n'umwe mu bahungu b'uwakoze icyaha, iyi filime yibanda ku gusiga amateka ye<ref>https://www.scottishpoetrylibrary.org.uk/poet/edouard-bamporiki/</ref>. '''Bamporiki''' yanditse, akina, ayobora kandi akora ikinamico y'iminota 63 yerekanwe bwa mbere muri 2008. Byamushirishije mu karere ndetse no ku rwego mpuzamahanga mu gumutwara igihembo cya mbere mu ireukiramuco rya filimi nyafurika ribera i newyork<ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/amakuru/2011/09/110927_rdabamporiki</ref> . '''Bamporiki''' yari yakoze début ye muri ''Munyurangabo'', filime ya Lee Isaac Chung aho yatorewe kuba umukinnyi mwiza muri Cannes<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/55730/menya-byinshi-kuri-depite-bamporiki-eduard-uzwi-nka-tadeyo-mu-ikinamico-urunana-55730.html</ref>. Yatunganije kandi ''akina mu Rwanda: Fata Babiri'' mu 2010 hanyuma umwaka urangiye, yakinnye muri ''Kinyarwanda'', ikinamico yamateka, hamwe na Cassandra Freeman<ref>http://shikamaye.blogspot.com/2014/04/hon-edouard-bamporiki-yahungabaniye.html</ref> . Aheruka kugaragara kuri ecran muri 2015 ubwo yakinaga ikinamico y'urukundo ''Umutoma''<ref>https://ukwezi.rw/mu-rwanda/3/Amashirakinyoma-ku-byavuzwe-ko-Minisitiri-Bamporiki-afite-akabari-gakora-muri-iki-gihe-utundi-dufunze-VIDEO</ref> . Muri 2017, Bamporiki yasohoye [[igitabo]] cyiswe ''Umwana wanjye, Ninkuru ndende: Ibitekerezo by'abakoze Jenoside'' . Gushyira ahagaragara igitabo cyitabiriwe na madamu wa perezida [[Jeannette Kagame|w’u Rwanda Jeannette Kagame]] <ref>https://www.amakuruki.com/tag/edouard-bamporiki</ref>. == references == [[Ikiciro:Abanyaporitiki]] [[Ikiciro:Abanyarwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Abahanzi ba abanyarwanda]] 4ue5tvvrbpral86cvcurkq8p867abm2 0 9522 133685 133633 2026-07-08T14:10:12Z NSHUTIYIMANA Moise 17987 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:1|0|0 */ 133685 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Donatila Mukabalisa, December 2017 (5122) (cropped2).jpg|alt=Honorable MUKABALISA Donatille|thumb|Honorable MUKABALISA Donatille]] {{Databox|excludeProperties=Q28868753}}'''Honorable Mukabalisa''' Donatille,Yavutse muri Nyakanga 1960,Akaba ari  Perezida w’Umutwe w’abadepite mu Nteko ishinga amategeko y’u Rwanda.<ref>https://www.womenpoliticalleaders.org/speaker-2021/donatille-mukabalisa</ref> == Umwuga == Kuva mu 1981 kugeza 1998, yakoraga muri gahunda y’umuryango w’abibumbye ishinzwe iterambere i [[Kigali]] mu myanya itandukanye. Kuva muri Nyakanga 2000 kugeza 2003, yari umwe mu bagize Inteko ishinga amategeko y’inzibacyuho mu [[Rwanda]] akaba na Perezida wungirije wa Komisiyo ihoraho y’ubukungu n’ubucuruzi.<ref>https://www.womenpoliticalleaders.org/speaker-2021/donatille-mukabalisa/</ref> Kuva mu 1981 kugeza 1998, yakoraga muri gahunda y’umuryango w’abibumbye ishinzwe iterambere i [[Kigali]] mu myanya itandukanye. Kuva muri Nyakanga 2000 kugeza 2003, yari umwe mu bagize Inteko ishinga amategeko y’inzibacyuho mu Rwanda akaba na Perezida wungirije wa Komisiyo ihoraho y’ubukungu n’ubucuruzi.<ref>https://www.womenpoliticalleaders.org/speaker-2021/donatille-mukabalisa/</ref> Mu matora y’abadepite yo mu 2003 yatorewe kuba umwe mu bagize [[Umutwe w’Abadepite|umutwe w’abadepite]] ku rutonde rw’ishyaka riharanira ukwishyira ukizana kwa buri muntu kandi atorerwa kuba umuyobozi wungirije wa komisiyo ihoraho ishinzwe ibibazo bya politiki n’uburinganire.<ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/amakuru/2015/12/151218_rwanda_referendum_dec2015</ref> Kuva mu Kwakira 2011, yari Umusenateri (Urugereko rwo hejuru) kandi yatowe n'abasenateri kuba Umuyobozi wungirije wa Komisiyo ihoraho ishinzwe ibibazo bya politiki n'imiyoborere myiza.<ref>https://www.womenpoliticalleaders.org/speaker-2021/donatille-mukabalisa/</ref> Nyuma yimyaka ibiri muri Sena, ku ya 4 Ukwakira 2013 yatorewe kuba Perezida w’Umutwe w’abadepite / Inteko ishinga amategeko y’u Rwanda. Hon. Mukabalisa Donatille kandi ni Perezida w'ishyaka riharanira ukwishyira ukizana kwa buri muntu.<ref>https://www.womenpoliticalleaders.org/speaker-2021/donatille-mukabalisa/</ref> == Amashakiro == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore ba abayobozi]] gk5g936gkjd79omueditu8l9tsls237 0 9569 133687 133632 2026-07-08T14:11:21Z NSHUTIYIMANA Moise 17987 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 133687 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|excludeProperties=Q136788479}} '''Uwimanimpaye Jeanne d'arc''' (yavutse 1978) ni umunyapolitiki wo mu Rwanda. Yabaye umunyamuryango w’Umutwe w’abadepite kuva mu 2008. Kuva mu 2013 kugeza 2018, yabaye Visi Perezida w’Umutwe<ref>https://www.parliament.gov.rw/</ref>. == Ubuzima == Uwimanimpaye Jeanne d'Arc yarangije muri Economics muri kaminuza nkuru yu [[Rwanda]]. Mbere yo kwinjira mu Nteko, yakoraga nk'umwarimu w’ishuri ryisumbuye, ndetse no mu nzego z'ibanze nk'umugenzuzi w'imbere mu karere akaba n'umukozi ushinzwe imibanire rusange.<ref>https://www.parliament.gov.rw/</ref> Uwimanimpaye yinjiye mu Nteko Ishinga Amategeko mu matora y’abadepite yo mu Rwanda mu 2008, nk'umwe mu bahagarariye [[Umugore|abagore]] batandatu mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba|Ntara y'Iburasirazuba]]. Mu mwaka wa 2010,<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.rcsprwanda.org/IMG/pdf/CSEOM_final_report-englishfinal_2008.pdf |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-19 |archive-date=2021-11-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211119091610/http://www.rcsprwanda.org/IMG/pdf/CSEOM_final_report-englishfinal_2008.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> yagiye mu Bwongereza nk'indorerezi y'amatora ya Commonwealth ku matora rusange yo mu Bwongereza 2010<ref>https://www.parliament.uk/globalassets/documents/CPA/Publications-Reports/20100525-COT-Final-Report.pdf</ref>.Mu matora y’abadepite 2013, Uwimanimpaye yasubijwe mu mutwe w’abadepite nk'uhagarariye abagore mu Ntara y'Iburasirazuba.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.rcsprwanda.org/IMG/pdf/CSEOM_final_report-englishfinal_2008.pdf |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-19 |archive-date=2021-11-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211119091610/http://www.rcsprwanda.org/IMG/pdf/CSEOM_final_report-englishfinal_2008.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Mu Kwakira 2013, yatorewe kuba Visi Perezida wungirije ushinzwe kugenzura no gushyiraho amategeko, ahabwa amajwi 70 kuri 80. Nk’Umuvugizi wungirije, yerekanye icyifuzo cyo kwemerera [[Paul Kagame|Perezida Kagame]] kwiyamamariza manda ya gatatu, nyuma y’uko icyifuzo cyari kimaze gusinywa miliyoni 3.8 Abasaba barashimira perezida Kagame kuba yarahagaritse itsembabwoko no kuzamura ubukungu vuba<ref>https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/rwanda-elections-mps-back-move-to-let-president-paul-kagame-run-for-unprecedented-third-term-10388744.html</ref> Uwimanimpaye yatoranijwe nk'umukandida wa [[Ishyaka FPR-Inkotanyi|FPR-Inkotanyi]] mu matora y'abadepite yo mu 2018, atorerwa guhagararira [[Akarere ka Gatsibo]] mu Ntara y'Iburasirazuba. <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.rcsprwanda.org/IMG/pdf/CSEOM_final_report-englishfinal_2008.pdf |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-19 |archive-date=2021-11-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211119091610/http://www.rcsprwanda.org/IMG/pdf/CSEOM_final_report-englishfinal_2008.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yeguye ku mwanya wa Perezida wungirije, asimburwa na [[Edda Mukabagwiza]] wa FPR-Inkotanyi. Muri Nzeri 2019,<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/mukabalisa-re-elected-speaker-parliament</ref> Uwimanimpaye yasabye ko hakorwa iperereza ku kibazo cy’amafaranga cyerekeranye n’amasoko yatanzwe n’ikigo cy’ubuhinzi cy’u [[Rwanda]], kandi anenga amasoko yatanzwe n’ikigo cy’amakoperative y’u Rwanda . <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/readers-call-on-the-news |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-19 |archive-date=2021-11-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211119091618/https://www.newtimes.co.rw/readers-call-on-the-news |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Akazi yakoze == Uwimanimpaye Jeanne d'Arc yabaye umukozi mu bintu bidandukanye harimo : * Kuva Nzeri 2018 kugeza ubu : Umudepite, mu bagize Inteko ishinga amategeko y'u Rwanda * Ukwakira 2008-2018: Umudepite / [[Umutwe w’Abadepite|Umutwe w’abadepite]] na Visi Perezida w’Umutwe w’abadepite ushinzwe ibibazo by’ubugenzuzi n’ubugenzuzi bwa guverinoma . * Kuva 2006-Ukwakira 2008: Umuyobozi ushinzwe umubano rusange mu Karere . * Kuva 2006-Ukwakira 2008: Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa w'Umurenge wa Mimuli - Nyagatare * kuva 2004-2005 : Umugenzuzi w'imbere mu Karere .<ref>https://www.parliament.gov.rw/chamber-of-deputies-2/member-profile/deputies-profiles?tx_news_pi1%5B%40widget_0%5D%5BcurrentPage%5D=3&cHash=7c1a95795e124166bd110258c1b29a83</ref> == Amashakiro == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Umugore]] [[Ikiciro:Umunyarwandakazi]] [[Ikiciro:Inteko ishinga amategeko]] [[Ikiciro:Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y’u Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Umuyobozi]] d8nb743cfo09dspszeajs8q8dfrcl3c 0 9980 133699 133205 2026-07-09T09:19:57Z B.Scalling 15089 133699 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mutsindashyaka Théoneste''' ni mwene Nyandwi Michel na Mukandego Bonifrida, yavutse ku itariki ya 24/12/1962 mu mudugudu wa Musezero, Akagari ka Musezero, [[Akarere ka Gasabo]] ho Mujyi wa [[Kigali]] yashakanye na [[Domitilla Mukantaganzwa]], wamenyekanye mu Nkiko Gacaca uherutse kugirwa Perezida wa Komisiyo y’u [[Rwanda]] Ishinzwe Ivugururwa ry’Amategeko (RLRC). == Amashuri == Afite impamyabumenyi y’icyiciro cya gatatu cya kaminuza mu masomo y’[[Umugenge|ubugenge]] (Masters in Physics) yakuye muri Kminuza Nkuru y’u Rwanda. == Amateka y'akazi == Mutsindashyaka yako muri minisiteri '''y’urubyiruko, umuco na siporo ari''' umunyamabanga mukuru kuva 1994-1996, yagize uruhare mu kongera gusubiza ku murongo urubyiruko nyuma ya jenoside yakorewe abatutsi mu 1994. Agira uruhare mu ishyirwaho ry’ingando z’urubyiruko mu rwego rwo kurushishikariza kwitandukanya n’ingengabitekerezo ya jenoside. Yagize uruhare mu isanwa ry’ingoro z’imirage na sitade no guteza imbere amarushanwa mu mikino itandukanye. Muri 1996 kugeza 1999 yakoze muri '''Minisiteri y’umutekano w’igihugu''' nk'''<nowiki/>'<nowiki/>'''umunyamabanga mukuru, yagize uruhare mu ishyirwaho rw’ibiro bishinzwe abinjira n’abasohoka, itangizwa rya pasiporo zigezweho ndetse n’indangamuntu ya mbere itarimo ubwoko, ishingwa rya polisi y’u Rwanda isimbuye abapolisi ba komine. Kuva mu Kwakira 1999 kugeza muri Werurwe 2001 yakomeje akazi muri minisiteri '''y’abakozi ba leta n’umurimo''' nk'''<nowiki/>'''' umunyamabanga mukuru, yagize uruhare mu gushyiraho impinduka muri politiki y’abakozi ba leta, ibijyanye n’umushahara, n'ibyo gushyiraho RAMA. Muri Werurwe 2001 azivaho mu Kuboza 2005 yahawe inshingano zo kuyobora Umujyi wa [[Kigali]] ari meyor wa kane (4) asimbuye Marc Kabanda<ref>muri Werurwe 2001 azivaho mu Kuboza 2006</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Kigali</ref>, yamenyekanye cyane nk’umwe mu bayobozi bazi gufata ibyemezo bikomeye birimo icyo kuvugurura umujyi wa [[kigali]]. Yabaye Guverineri w’Intara y’i Burasirazuba kuva Mutarama 2006 kugeza muri Werurwe 2008<ref name=":0">https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/what-you-need-know-about-new-ambassadors-appointed-cabinet</ref>. Kuva Werurwe 2008 kugera Nyakanga 2009 yabaye umunyamabanga wa Leta muri Minisiteri y’Uburezi ushinzwe amashuri abanza n’ayisumbuye<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.igihe.com/news/article/amb-mutsindashyaka-presents-copies-of-credentials-to-represent-rwanda-in-congo |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-02-05 |archive-date=2022-02-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220205065329/https://en.igihe.com/news/article/amb-mutsindashyaka-presents-copies-of-credentials-to-represent-rwanda-in-congo |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.175.1343&rep=rep1&type=pdf</ref>, yagize uruhare mu gutangiza no gushyira mu bikorwa: politiki yo kwiga mu rurimi rw’[[icyongereza]] mu mashuri yo mu [[Rwanda]], itangizwa ry’amashuri y’uburezi bw’ibanze bw’imyaka 9 (Nine Years Basic Education -9YBE), Mwalimu Sacco, kuzana abanyamahanga basaga ibihumbi 43 bafashije mu kwigisha icyongereza mu mashuri (instructors), gahunda ya mudasobwa imwe ku mwana, zagombaga guhabwa abasaga ibihumbi 100. Yagize kandi uruhare mu gushishikariza abakobwa kwiga amasomo y’imyuga n’ubumenyingiro, gusa uyu mwanya ntabwo wamugendeye neza cyane kuko yaje yawuvanwaho ndetse afungirwa muri gereza ya Kigali yamenyekanye nka (1930) kuwa 17 Ugushyingo 2009<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://rwandaises.com/2009/07/mutsindashyaka-yasezerewe-ku-kazi/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-02-05 |archive-date=2022-02-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220205065332/https://rwandaises.com/2009/07/mutsindashyaka-yasezerewe-ku-kazi/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> kurubu yitwa Mageragere, aho yakekwagaho kunyereza umutungo wa Leta, inyandiko mpimbano, kwigwizaho umutungo muburyo bunyuranyije n'amategeko, no kubeshya urwego rw’umuvunyi umutungo afite,. Mu mwaka wa 2010, yasohotse muri gereza agizwe umwere, kuva icyo gihe ntiyongeye kugaragara muri politiki kugeza muri 2013 ubwo yahabwaga umwanya wo guhagararira u Rwanda muri RECSA<ref>https://www.ktpress.rw/2020/08/nduhungirehe-mutsindashyaka-uwacu-bounce-back-as-cabinet-makes-key-appointments/</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://thesourcepost.com/index.php/2020/08/15/mutsindashyaka-inkundwakazi-amateka-ibihe-ninkuru-ze-aho-yanyuze-kuva-mu-1994/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-02-05 |archive-date=2022-02-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220205065329/http://thesourcepost.com/index.php/2020/08/15/mutsindashyaka-inkundwakazi-amateka-ibihe-ninkuru-ze-aho-yanyuze-kuva-mu-1994/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.recsasec.org/</ref><ref>https://gazettes.africa/archive/rw/2017/rw-government-gazette-dated-2017-05-22-no-21.pdf</ref>umwanya yahawe ku wa 24 Mata 2013. Ubu yari awumazeho imyaka 7 n’amezi 4. Kuwa Gatanu tariki 14 Kanama 2020 Inama y’Abaminisitiri yateranye yagaragaje imyanzuro irimo ko Mutsindashyaka Théoneste yagizwe ambasaderi w’u Rwanda muri Repubulika ya Congo(Congo Brazzavile)<ref name=":0" /> == Indanganturo == [[Ikiciro:Uburezi mu Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Umuyobozi mukuru]] [[Ikiciro:Amashuri mu Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Amashuri makuru]] [[Ikiciro:Amashuri nakaminuza]] etzntlwss3x2ewamjyiklt8a47jndsn 0 10505 133682 83406 2026-07-08T12:33:23Z Kaxabdbymu 18501 133682 wikitext text/x-wiki Albertine Uwirigiyemana akinira ikipe<ref>https://news.ihirwe.com/2025/08/top-8-most-beautiful-rwandan-female.html</ref> ya APR y'abagore mu mukino wa volleyball kandi akaba yari na kapiteni w'ikipe y'igihugu y'abangavu batarengeje imyaka 20 bakaba bagiye kwerekeza [https://www.newtimes.co.rw/sports/volleyball-apr-eyes-top-four-tunis muri Tuniziya]<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/sports/volleyball-apr-eyes-top-four-tunis</ref> mu irushanwa rigiye kubabera rya CAVB Africa Club. == Reba aha == s5b9m33zal7p8ok4ovqu2oppyejkxxv 0 12898 133689 133600 2026-07-08T14:12:48Z NSHUTIYIMANA Moise 17987 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 133689 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:The Winners Football academy.jpg|thumb|Ikipe ya The Winners football academy ]] '''The Winners Football Training Center ( The winners FTC)''' ni ishuri ry’umupira w’amaguru mu [[Rwanda]] riherereye mu [[Akarere ka Muhanga|Karere ka Muhanga]] mu [[Intara y'amajyepfo|ntara y'amajyepfo]] iruhande rwa sitade ya Muhanga muri km 50 uvuye mu mugi wa [[Kigali|kigali.]] == Amateka == Umushoramari NSHIMIYIMANA David yagize igitekerezo cyo gushinga iri shuri nyuma yuko abonye ikipe y'igihugu cy' u Rwanda ( Amavubi ) uvuye gukina muri Tuniziya mu mwaka wa 2004 mu marushanwa y'igikombe cya [[Afurika]] . uhereye uwo munsi yagize igitekerezo cyo gutangira iri shuri ritoza abakiri bato [[Umupira w’amaguru|umupira w'amaguru]] , habanza gucamo igihe kinini abitekerezaho ,atangira kubishyira mubikorwa mu mwaka wa 2008 , icyo gihe atangirana n'abana b' abahungu 20 uhereye igihe David yatangiriye umubare wakomeje kwiyongera kugeza ku bakinnyi 300 harimo amatsinda 6 y'abahungu bitewe n'imyaka bafite ndetse n' amatsinda 2 y'abakobwa .Uhereye muri 2008 ukageza muri 2020 bakomeje kujya bakina ndetse bagatsinda amarushanwa atandundukanye. === Imikorere === The winners FTC kugeza ubu iri mubanyamuryango ba [[Ishyirahamwe ry’Umupira w’Amaguru mu Rwanda|FERWAFA]] ndetse yatangiye no gukina mu cyiciro cya kabiri aho abakinnyi bato bagaragaza ko hari icyo bashoboye , The winners FTC yiyemeje kuba inkingi yo kuzamura bakiri bato bakeneye kugaragaza impano zabo mu mupira w'amaguru , batoza gukina abana batoya uhereye kumyaka 6 kugeza ku myaka 18. Umuyobozi wa The winners FTC yafashije abana benshi gukuza impano zabo mugukina umupira w'amaguru muri rusange .<ref>http://thewinners.rw/spip.php?rubrique9</ref><ref>https://www.igihe.com/imikino/article/umuyobozi-wa-the-winners-fc-yakatiwe-igifungo-cy-imyaka-itatu</ref> == AMASHAKIRO == [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Amakipe]] 6ne3cb7nvfhc4l495mxpvcxucm4tqjw 0 15385 133692 133419 2026-07-08T14:14:18Z NSHUTIYIMANA Moise 17987 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 133692 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Aswan bateaux sur le Nil (19).jpg|thumb|NIL]] '''Isoko ya Nile''' ni isoko yumugezi wa Nil, ukaba ariwo mu nini ku isi, ikaba iri mu ishyamba kimeza na parike ya Nyungwe mu [[Rwanda]]. Hari abavuga ko isoko ya Nile iri mu gihugu cyu [[Uburundi|Burundi]] ku mugezi wa Ruvyironza. hari abandi bavugako inkomoko muri [[Ubugande|Uganda]] mu [[Ikiyaga cya Victoriya|kiyaga cya Victoria]]. isoko ya Nile ituruka mu Rwanda, ikambukiranya ibihugu birimo u Burundi, Tanzania, Uganda, Sudan y’Amajyepfo, Sudan, Ethiopia na [[Misiri]].<ref name=":0">https://igihe.com/ibidukikije/article/nile-ibisobanuro-ku-isoko-y-uru</ref> [[Dosiye:River_Nile,_Murchison_Falls_National_Park,_Uganda_32.jpg|thumb|umugeze wa Nili uca muri Murchison Falls National Park, Uganda ]] == '''Nile Kuva ku isoko kugera ku Nyanja ya Mediterane''' == Nile ifite inkomoko muri Nyungwe mu mugezi wa [[Rukarara]] ukomeza ukivanga na Mwogo, bikabyara [[Umugezi wa Nyabarongo|Nyabarongo]] ikomeza ikisukamo indi migezi bigatanga Akanyaru, nako kavamo Akagera kakisuka mu kiyaga cya Victoria muri Uganda, ahitwa Ripon Falls hafi ya Jinja, aho amazi asohoka yitwa Victoria Nile. Igenda ikisuka mu [[Ikiyaga cya Kyoga|kiyaga cya Kyoga]] n’icya Albert.<ref name=":0" /><ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/98182/nil-isoko-yubuzima-ibaye-isoko-yamakimbirane-hagati-ya-ethiopia-sudan-na-misiri-98182.html</ref> == '''Nile yatangiye gukoresha mu myaka 4000 mbere ya Yezu''' == Umugezi wa Nile ukoreshwa mu buhinzi no mu bikorwa by’ingufu zibyara amashanyarazi cyane cyane mu bihugu by’amajyaruguru y’uburasirazuba bwa Afurika ahari ubutayu.Kuhira imyaka n’uruzi rwa Nilie byatangiye mu myaka 4000 mbere ya Yezu Kristu mu gihugu cya Misiri. Ubu iki gihugu kibarizwamo ingomero zo kuhira nyinshi.<ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/amakuru-56686651</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://jkanya.free.fr/nil200209.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-20 |archive-date=2010-06-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100623093408/http://jkanya.free.fr/nil200209.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Dosiye:Cairo-Nile-2020(2).jpg|thumb|Umugezi wa Nilli uca muri Egypt -Cairo]] Uru ruzi rwa Nile rwanatunganyijwemo ibidamu bibyazwamo amashanyarazi kuva mu 1902, hakorwa ikidamu ya Aswan aricyo cya mbere cyabayeho muri iki gihugu, nyuma haza kubakwa n’izindi ngomero nyinshi ku buryo na [[Etiyopiya]] iherutse gushoza intambara hagati yayo na Misiri bapfa urugomero Ethiopia ishaka kubaka kuri Nile Misiri ikavuga ko rwatuma amazi ajya muri Nile agabanuka cyane.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://kiny.taarifa.rw/u-rwanda-rweretse-amahanga-raporo-yo-kubungabunga-uruzi-rwa-nil/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-20 |archive-date=2023-03-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230320070951/https://kiny.taarifa.rw/u-rwanda-rweretse-amahanga-raporo-yo-kubungabunga-uruzi-rwa-nil/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==== Reba ==== <references /> [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] 71v1yduxqejec4uqle115veyo73ek21 0 18223 133681 116894 2026-07-08T12:29:51Z Kaxabdbymu 18501 133681 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Girls practicing sport after Covid-19 lockdown in Rwanda.jpg|thumb|Umukino wa basketball]] [[Dosiye:Kigali2018Cropped.jpg|thumb|mushikiwabo numunyarwandakazi yavukiye murwanda mumujyi wa kigali]] '''Mushikiwabo Sandrine''' ni umugore akaba ari umunyarwandakazi uzobereye mu gukina imikono igiye itandukanye harimo imikini y'amaboko.<ref>https://news.ihirwe.com/2025/08/top-8-most-beautiful-rwandan-female.html</ref> MMushikiwabo Sandrine yakiniye ikipe ya IPRC Huye WBBC, ubu akinira ikipe ya REG WBBC mu marushanwa agiye atandukanye. Mushikiwabo Sandrine yakinnye shampiyona y’igihugu ya Basketball I tegurwa FERWABA, Ishyirahamwe rya Basketball mu Rwanda , ndetse nibindi bikombe bitandukanye harimo igikombe cy'amahoro, igikombe cya gaciro, n' igikombe gitegurwa na FIBA Women's AfroBasket.Mushikiwabo Sandrine yitabiriye amarushanwa agiye tandukanye ku rwego rwa afurika nki rushanwa ry'imikino ya shampion league mu mukino wa basketball y'[[Umugore|abagore]]. Mushikiwabo Sandrine ni umukinnyi w'ikipe y'igihugu yabasketball y'abagore.<ref>https://rushyashya.net/reg-women-basketball-club-yasinyishije-abakinnyi-batatu-barimo-feza-ebengo-wakiniraga-ikipe-ya-the-hoops-rwanda/</ref><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/12760/sports/basketball/awbl-are-reg-women-up-to-the-task</ref> == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Siporo]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Siporo ya basketball]] n8sttuh1w4o9znh4f2wwrqcihg1ii6b 0 21284 133686 133617 2026-07-08T14:10:46Z NSHUTIYIMANA Moise 17987 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 133686 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Alma Woodsey Thomas''' (22 Nzeri 1891 - 24 Gashyantare 1978) yari [[Umuhanzi Kamariza|umuhanzi]] n’umwalimu w’umunyafurika n’umunyamerika yaratuye kandi agakorera i Washington, DC, ubu akaba azwi nk’umunyamerika ukomeye w’umuhazi mubyo gusiga amarangi wo mu kinyejana cya 20. Niwe mugore wa mbere w’umunyafurika akaba n’umunyamerika winjijwe krurtonde rwi [[Perezidansi y’Amerika|cyegeranyo]] cy’ubuhanzi bwo gusiga amarangi gihoraho mubiro bya reta zunze ubumwe bwa amerika buzwi nka white house. Thomas azwi cyane kubera ubuhanga bwe mugukora ibihangano by'amashusho y'amabara, ndetse yatangiye no gukora ibihangano byamashusho adasobanutse ariko arimo ubuhanga, yayakoze nyuma yo kujya mu kiruhuko cy'izabukuru cy'imyaka 35 yigisha ibihangano mu ishuri ryisumbuye rya Shaw Junior rya Washington. Thomas, usanzwe ufatwa nk'umunyamuryango w’ishuri ry’ubuhanzi rya Washington Color school Art ariko ubundi agashyirwa mu majwi na bamwe nkumuhanzi wumuhanga mubyo gukurura amarangamutima y'abantu / cyangwa nkumwirabura wambere ubayeho wabayeho uzi kuvanga amarangi bikurura amarangamutima y'abantu, yabonye impamyabumenyi ye yo kwigisha yakuye muri kaminuza y’akarere ka Columbiya (izwi ku izina rya Miner Normal School icyo gihe). Yabaye uwa mberewabonye impamyabumenyi mu ishami ry’ubuhanzi rya kaminuza ya Howard, kandi akomeza umubano mwiza niyo kaminuza mu buzima bwe. Yageze ku ntsinzi nkumuhanzi wumugore wumunyafurika n’umunyamerika nubwo amacakubiri n’urwikekwe byariho icyogihe. Thomas yamenyekanye cyane nyma y'urupfu rwe. Igishushanyo cye cyerekanwe mu ngoro ndangamurage no mu byegeranyo kandi byagiye byibandwaho mu bitabo byinshi ndetse n’imurikagurisha ry’umurage wubuhanzi bwo gushushanya. Inzu Ndangamurage y'Abanyamerika ya Smithsonian ikomeza gukusanya ibikorwa bye kwisi hose. Mu 2021, inzu ndangamurage yagurishije ishusho ya Thomas ''Alma's Flower Garden'' mu bucuruzi bwihariye ku madolari 2.8 miliyoni. == Ubuzima n'akazi == === Ubwana, uburezi, n'imyanya yo kwigisha akiri muto. === Alma Thomas yavutse ku ya 22 Nzeri 1891, avukira i Columbus, Jeworujiya, avuka ariwe mukobwa mukuru(ari [[imfura]]) mu bakobwa bane, se yitwa John Harris Thomas, [[Ubucuruzi Mpuzamahanga bw’Ibinyabuzima Bwenda Gucika|umucuruzi]], na Nyina Amelia Cantey Thomas, wari umuhanzi mugushushanya no kudoda imyenda.<sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 16">&#x200A;</span></sup>Nyina na nyirasenge, nyuma baje kwandikwa nk'abarimu ndetse n’abanyeshuri barangije muri Tuskegee .Yagaragaje ubuhanga akiri umwana, nubwo umwuga we wubuhanzi yawutangiye nyuma amaze gukura. Igihe Tomasi yari amaze gukura, yerekanaga ubuhanga bwe mu buhanzi, kandi yishimira gukora uduce duto duto duto nk'ibipupe, ibishushanyo n'amasahani abumbye, cyane cyane mu ibumba ku mugezi wari uri inyuma y'iwabo '''.''' <ref name=":05">{{Cite journal |last=Cherry |first=Schroeder |date=1997 |title=Instructional Resources: Four Works by African-American Artists in the Baltimore Museum of Art's Collection |journal=Art Education |volume=50 |issue=2 |pages=25–32 |doi=10.2307/3193640 |jstor=3193640}}</ref> Nubwo yari ashishikajwe n’ubuhanzi, Thomas "ntiyari yemerewe" kujya mu nzu ndangamurage y’ubuhanzi akiri umwana. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sheets |first=Hilarie |date=2016-01-21 |title=Pioneering Painter Alma Thomas Is Making a Comeback 30 Years after Her Last Major Retrospective |url=https://www.artsy.net/article/artsy-editorial-pioneering-painter-alma-thomas-is-making-a-comeback-over-30-years-since-her-last-major-retrospective |access-date=2020-03-06 |website=Artsy |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Box 1, Folder 1 {{!}} A Finding Aid to the Alma Thomas papers, circa 1894-2001 {{!}} Digitized Collection {{!}} Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution |url=https://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/alma-thomas-papers-9241/series-1/box-1-folder-1 |access-date=2024-05-04 |website=www.aaa.si.edu |language=en}}</ref> Yahawe amasomo yumuziki, kuko nyina yacurangaga inanga. [[Dosiye:Alma_Thomas_Queen_Anne_Victorian.jpg|alt=Queen Anne Victorian|right|thumb|165x165px|Inzu yaho Alma Thomas yabaga akiri umwana i Columbus, Jeworujiya]] Mu 1907, igihe Thomas yari afite imyaka 16, umuryango we wimukiye mu gace ka Logan Circle gaherereye i Washington, DC <ref name="Cotter1">{{Cite news |last=Holland Cotter |date=October 11, 2009 |title=White House Art: Colors From a World of Black and White |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/11/weekinreview/11cotter.html |access-date=July 6, 2011 |work=The New York Times}}</ref> Mu gusobanura uko umuryango wimutse, nyuma yaranditse ati: "Ndangije amashuri yisumbuye i Columbus, nta hantu na hamwe nashoboraga gukomereza amashuri yanjye, bityo ababyeyi banjye bahitamo kwimurira umuryango i Washington." : 3 Tomasi yashoboye kandi kubona uko ajya mu masomero y'i Washington, bitandukanye na Columbus. " <ref name="autobio" /> : 3 Ababyeyi be bafashe iki cyemezo nubwo byamanuye umuryango mu mibereho no mubukungu, bituma bava mumubare wabari mucyiciro cya kabiri cy'ubukungu bari bafite bakiba muri Jeworujiya. <ref name="CultureType-Locating">{{Cite web |last=Valentine |first=Victoria |date=14 April 2018 |title=Locating Alma Thomas: Forthcoming Retrospective Will Explore Artist's Creative Life and Hometown Connections |url=https://www.culturetype.com/2018/04/14/locating-alma-thomas-forthcoming-retrospective-will-explore-artists-creative-life-and-hometown-connections/ |access-date=13 December 2020 |website=Culture Type}}</ref> Abandi banditsi bagaragaje ko imvururu z’amoko ya Atlanta n'ubwicanyi bushingiye ku moko bwo mu 1906 ari impamvu zishobora kuba zaratumye bava muri Jeworujiya. [ 3 ] Urundi rugero rw’ihohoterwa rishingiye ku moko umuryango we wahuye naryo muri Jeworujiya, ise wa Alma yahuye n’agatsiko ka lynch mbere gato yuko Alma avuka, umuryango we wavuze ko kutumva kwe kwatewe n'imirwano yagiranye nabari bagize ako gatsiko. <ref name="Post-Late-Springtime">{{Cite news |last=Munro |first=Eleanor |date=15 April 1979 |title=The late Spring time of Alma Thomas (interview) |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/magazine/1979/04/15/the-late-spring-time-of-alma-thomas/f205cbf7-3483-4cc4-8a52-7f5eacda7925/ |access-date=12 December 2020 |work=Washington Post}}</ref> Nubwo byari bitandukanye, [[umurwa]] mukuru w’igihugu wari uzwiho guha amahirwe Abirabura benshi kurusha indi mijyi myinshi. <ref name="nmwa.org">{{Cite web |title=Alma Woodsey Thomas |url=https://nmwa.org/explore/artist-profiles/alma-woodsey-thomas |access-date=2019-03-02 |website=National Museum of Women in the Arts}}</ref> Nkuko yabyanditse mu myaka ya za 70, "Nibura amasomero ya Washington yakinguriwe nabanyafrika cyangwa abirabura bari barahawe izina rya Negro, mu gihe Columbus yo yari yarakumiriye abirabura(Negro) mu isomero ryayo." [ 4 ] I Washington, Thomas yize mu ishuri ryisumbuye rya tekinike rya Armstrong, aho yakuye umwanya wa mbere mu masomo y’ubuhanzi. [ 3 ] Kuri bo, yagize ati "Ninjiye mu cyumba cy'ubuhanzi, byari nko kwinjira mu ijuru ... Ishuri ryisumbuye rya Armstrong ryashizeho urufatiro rw'ubuzima bwanjye." <ref name="Post-Late-Springtime" /> Mu mashuri yisumbuye, yari umuhanga mu mibare na siyansi, kandi ubwubatsi bwibihangano bwaramushishikazaga cyane. Ibikorwa bye by'ubuhanzi <ref name=":05"/> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Alma Woodsey Thomas |url=https://www.infinite-women.com/women/alma-woodsey-thomas/ |access-date=2025-02-21 |website=Infinite Women |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref name="Post-Late-Springtime" /> yakoreye i Armstrong byerekanwe muri Smithsonian mu 1912. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation ikenewe</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Nyuma yo kurangiza amashuri yisumbuye ya Armstrong " : 4 mu 1911, yize amashuri yakaminuza mu ishuri risanzwe rya Miner (ubu rizwi nka kaminuza y'akarere ka Columbiya ), ahabwa impamyabumenyi yo kwigisha mu 1913. [ 3 ] <sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 19">&#x3A;&#x200A;19&#x200A;</span></sup>Mu 1914, yabonye umwanya wo kwigisha mu mashuri ya Princess Anne ku nkombe y'Iburasirazuba bwa Maryland, aho yigishije amezi ane. [ 3 ] <sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 19">&#x3A;&#x200A;19&#x200A;</span></sup>Mu 1915, yatangiye kwigisha mw'ishuri ryari mu nzu ya Thomas Garrett i Wilmington, muri Delaware, kugeza mu 1921. [ 3 ] Thomas yinjiye muri kaminuza ya Howard mu 1921, afite imyaka 30, yinjirira ku masomo yibanze kubera amahugurwa yabanjemo y'abarimu. Yatangiye ari umunyeshuri wiga ibijyanye n'ubukungu bwurugo, ateganya kuba inzobere mu gushushanya imyambarire, gusa nyuma aza guhindura ajya mu buhanzi bwubwiza. [ 3 ] <sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 19-20">&#x3A;&#x200A;19-20&#x200A;</span></sup>Ubuhanzi bwe yibanze kuri Howard bwari ku gishushanyo; Romare Bearden na Henry Henderson bavuze ko amashusho yakoze mu gihe cyo kwiga kaminuza ari "amasomo kandi atamenyekanye." [ 13 ] Yabonye impamyabumenyi ya Bachelor of Science mu buhanzi Bwiza mu 1924 yakuye muri Howard, abaye umunyeshuri wa mbere muri gahunda y’ubugeni bwa kaminuza. Hasabwe ko hashobora kuba umugore wa mbere w’umunyafurika-Umunyamerika cyangwa Umunyamerika wabonye impamyabumenyi y’ubuhanzi, [ 3 ] <ref name="Morrison">{{Cite web |last=Morrison |first=Keith Anthony |title=Art in Washington and Its Afro-American Presence: 1940-1970 |url=http://keithmorrison.com/?page_id=1228 |access-date=12 December 2020 |website=keithmorrison.com}}</ref> icyakora Mary Jane Patterson yakiriye impamyabumenyi ye, mu 1862, hashize imyaka 60 mbere. In 1924, Thomas began teaching art at Shaw Junior High School, a Black school in the then-segregated public schools of Washington, D.C., where she worked until her retirement in 1960; she wrote, "I was there for thirty-five years and occupied the same classroom."[4]: 13  She taught alongside fellow artist Malkia Roberts.<ref name=":34">{{Cite book |last=Thomas |first=Alma |date=1998 |title=Alma W. Thomas: A Retrospective of the Paintings |url=https://archive.org/details/almawthomasretro00thom |last2=Fort Wayne Museum of Art |publisher=Pomegranate |isbn=9780764906862 |language=en |url-access=registration}}</ref>: 43  While at Shaw Junior High, she started a community arts program that encouraged student appreciation of fine art. The program supported marionette performances and the distribution of student designed holiday cards which were given to soldiers at the Tuskegee Veterans Administration Medical Center. Also, according to her reminiscences, "At Shaw, I organized the first art gallery in the D.C. public schools in 1938, securing paintings by outstanding Negro artists from the Howard Gallery of Art."[3]: 23 [4]: 4  Imyaka mirongo itatu nigice y’umwuga wa Tomasi wigisha, kuva 1924 kugeza 1960, bavuzwe na Thurlow Tibbs, umucuruzi w’ubuhanzi w’umunyafurika n’umunyamerika DC (n’umwuzukuru w’inshuti ya Tomasi Lillian Evans, umuririmbyi wa opera) nk '"igihe cyo gusembura;" [ 3 ] muri bo yakuyemo ibitekerezo byinshi ningaruka, hanyuma nyuma ya 1960 ahereye kuri ibyo bitekerezo n'ingaruka azarema ibihangano bye byihariye. Mu gihe yigishaga muri Shaw Junior High, Thomas yakomeje gukurikirana ibihangano bye, amashuri ye asanzwe kandi adasanzwe, ndetse n’ibikorwa yakoranye n’umuryango w’ubuhanzi wa Washington, DC, aba nyuma bakunze kubikora mu buryo bujyanye na kaminuza ya Howard. Muri kiriya gihe, Thomas yashushanyije, cyane cyane mu mazi; mu gihe injyana ye mu myaka ya za 1930 yari ikiri "gakondo gakondo" kandi karemano, yiswe "amabara meza cyane." [ 13 ] Mu mpeshyi, yajyaga mu mujyi wa New York gusura ingoro ndangamurage z'ubuhanzi, harimo inzu ndangamurage ya Metropolitan, hamwe na galeries. [ 13 ] <sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 448">&#x3A;&#x200A;448&#x200A;</span></sup> Mu mpeshyi yo mu 1930 kugeza 1934, yize muri kaminuza y’abarimu ya kaminuza ya Columbia, abona impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu bijyanye n’ubuhanzi mu 1934; ubushakashatsi bwe bwibanze ku bishushanyo, maze yandika [[igitabo]] cye ku ikoreshwa rya marionettes. [ 3 ] <sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 11,23">&#x3A;&#x200A;11,23&#x200A;</span></sup><ref name="Post-Late-Springtime"/> <ref name=":05"/> [ 13 ] Mu ci ryo mu 1935, yize marionettes mu mujyi wa New York hamwe n’umupupe w’umudage w’umudage n’umunyamerika Tony Sarg, se w’ibikinisho bigezweho muri Amerika. [ 3 ] <sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 23">&#x3A;&#x200A;23&#x200A;</span></sup> Mu 1936, yashinze umuryango witwa umushinga w’ishuri ry’ubuhanzi, kugira ngo uzane abana amahirwe y’ubuhanzi. [ 3 ] <sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 22">&#x3A;&#x200A;22&#x200A;</span></sup><ref name=":05"/> <ref name=":12">{{Cite journal |last=Simpson |first=Pamela H. |last2=Kainen |first2=Jacob |last3=Gibson |first3=Ann |last4=Binstock |first4=Jonathan P. |last5=Tsujimoto |first5=Karen |last6=Baas |first6=Jacquelynn |year=2000 |title=Alma W. Thomas, A Retrospective of the Paintings |journal=Woman's Art Journal |language=en-US |volume=21 |issue=1 |pages=55–56 |doi=10.2307/1358876 |jstor=1358876}}</ref> [ 4 ] Mu 1943, Thomas yafashije James W. Herring, wahoze ari umwarimu muri Howard, na Alonzo J. Aden babonye ububiko bwa Barnett-Aden, ububiko bwa mbere bw’abirabura bwigenga bw’abirabura muri Amerika. : 2 Yabaye visi perezida mukuru. Kuba Thomas yarafatanije n’Ingoro ya Barnett-Aden byasobanuwe ko ari "ingenzi kuri" kandi, nk'uko byatangajwe n’umuyobozi ushinzwe amasomo, Adelyn Dohme Breeskin, iterambere rya "pivotal" mu iterambere rye nk’umuhanzi wabigize umwuga. "Byamuteye guhura n’abahanzi bakomeye bo mu gihugu cya none," byatumye arushaho kumenya ibijyanye n’ubuhanzi n’icyerekezo, "kandi bituma abahanzi [ " bamurwanya kandi bamutera imbaraga. [ 13 ] <ref name="NGA-event">{{Cite web |last=Valentine |first=Victoria |date=April 2, 2017 |title=Art Capital: Nearly 500 Gather at National Gallery of Art to Discuss African American Art in 20th Century Washington |url=https://www.culturetype.com/2017/04/02/art-capital-nearly-500-gather-at-national-gallery-of-art-to-discuss-african-american-art-in-20th-century-washington/ |access-date=8 December 2020 |website=Culture Type}}</ref> Mu myaka ya za 1940, Thomas yinjiye kandi mu muryango w’abahanzi ba Lois Mailou Jones, "Itsinda Rito rya [[Paris]] (cyangwa" Itsinda Rito rya Paris, "cyangwa" Itsinda rya Studio rya Paris ") Iri tsinda ry’abahanzi ba Black Washington ryashinzwe na Jones na Céline Marie Tabary, abahanzi ndetse n’abanyamuryango b’ishami ry’ubuhanzi rya kaminuza ya Howard (Jones kuva 1930 kugeza 1977, na Tabary guhera mu <ref name="MessyNessy" /> ). <ref name="MessyNessy" /> "mu mpera za 1940," [ 3 ] 1945, 1946, <ref>{{Cite web |date=May 16, 2020 |title=Longtime Home of Artist Alma Thomas For Sale in Washington, D.C., for $2.2 Million+ |url=https://www.culturetype.com/2020/05/16/longtime-home-of-artist-alma-thomas-for-sale-in-washington-d-c-for-2-2-million/ |access-date=7 December 2020 |website=Culture Type}}</ref> cyangwa 1948. <ref name="Callaloo">{{Cite journal |last=Rowell |first=Charles Henry |date=2016 |title=Two Galleries, Engaging Art, Great Talents, and Challenging Minds: The Howard University Gallery of Art, the Little Paris Group, and the Barnett-Aden Gallery |journal=Callaloo |volume=39 |issue=5 |pages=1163–1167 |doi=10.1353/cal.2016.0150 |s2cid=165243253 |id={{Project MUSE|698955}}}}<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles></ref> Yateranye haba buri cyumweru <ref name="Pierce-Little-Paris">{{Cite web |date=3 July 2013 |title=Delilah W. Pierce Among Alma Thomas' Little Paris Group, 1948 |url=https://delilahwpierce.com/2013/07/03/delilah-w-pierce-among-alma-thomas-little-paris-group-1948/ |access-date=7 December 2020 |website=Delilah W. Pierce |language=en}}</ref> <ref name="Bygone-Brookland" /> cyangwa kabiri mu cyumweru, [ 3 ] <ref name="MessyNessy">{{Cite web |date=4 June 2020 |title=The "Other" Lost Generation of Black American Artists in Paris |url=https://www.messynessychic.com/2020/06/04/the-other-lost-generation-of-black-american-artists-in-paris/ |access-date=7 December 2020 |website=Messy Nessy Chic}}</ref> muri studio ya Jones, "Sitidiyo Nto ya Paris," mu rugo rwe kuri 1220 Quincy Street NE, mu gace ka Washington ka Brookland . Yabayeho <ref name="Bygone-Brookland">{{Cite web |last=Malesky |first=Robert |title=PORTRAITS: Loïs Mailou Jones and the Little Paris Studio |url=http://bygonebrookland.com/portraits-lois-mailou-jones.html |access-date=7 December 2020 |website=Bygone Brookland |archive-date=8 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108060156/http://bygonebrookland.com/portraits-lois-mailou-jones.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> . [ 3 ] Yahaye abahanzi bateye imbere amahirwe yo gushushanya kuri moderi, <ref name="Hyperallergic" /> kunoza ubuhanga bwabo - "guteza imbere ubuhanga nuburyo," <ref name="Pierce-Little-Paris" /> na "gutezimbere ubuhanga bwabo no kungurana ibitekerezo" <ref name="MessyNessy" />, kimwe na salon, cyangwa ihuriro ryibiganiro - "kuvuga kubyagezweho mubuhanzi bugezweho, cyane cyane ko byari bishingiye i Paris." <ref name="Hyperallergic">{{Cite web |last=Yau |first=John |date=14 August 2016 |title=Under No Obligation |url=https://hyperallergic.com/317208/alma-thomas-studio-museum-harlem/ |access-date=7 December 2020 |website=Hyperallergic}}</ref> Abandi bagize iryo tsinda usibye Jones na Tabary barimo Delilah Pierce na Thomas, ndetse na Bruce Brown, Ruth Brown, Richard Dempsey, Barbara Linger, Don Roberts, Desdemona Wade, Frank West, na Elizabeth Williamson. <ref name="Little-Paris-photo-1" /> <ref name="MessyNessy" /> Ifoto, yo mu bubiko bwa Thomas, y’iteraniro ry’itsinda ryo mu 1948 ryerekana abahanzi cumi na batatu n’umunyamideli w’umugabo. <ref name="Little-Paris-photo-1">{{Cite web |title=Little Paris Group in Lois Jones' studio |url=https://www.si.edu/object/little-paris-group-lois-jones-studio:AAADCD_item_7393 |access-date=7 December 2020 |website=Smithsonian Institution |language=en}}</ref> <ref name="Little-Paris-photo-2">{{Cite web |title=Little Paris Group in Lois Jones' studio, 1948, from the Alma Thomas papers, circa 1894-2001 |url=https://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/items/detail/little-paris-group-lois-jones-studio-7393 |access-date=7 December 2020 |website=Archives of American Art, Smithsonian |language=en}}</ref> Mu 1958, Thomas yasuye ibigo by’ubuhanzi byo mu Burayi bw’iburengerazuba hamwe n’abanyeshuri ba kaminuza ya Temple mu ruzinduko runini rwateguwe n’iryo shuri ry’ubuhanzi rya Tyler. [ 3 ] <sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 25">&#x3A;&#x200A;25&#x200A;</span></sup>[ 13 ] Uruhare rwe mu itsinda rito rya Paris bivugwa ko rwashishikarije Thomas gushaka andi masomo muri kaminuza ya Amerika . Igitabo kimwe kivuga ko mu ntangiriro ya za 1950, "ishami ry’ubuhanzi rya AU ryafatwaga mu bice byinshi nk 'ishami ry’ubuhanzi rya avant-garde mu gihugu." <ref name="But-Men">{{Cite web |title=Thursday, February 11, 2016 |url=https://beingbutmen.blogspot.com/2016/02/who-are-these-men-they-changed.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200128093640/http://beingbutmen.blogspot.com/2016/02/who-are-these-men-they-changed.html |archive-date=January 28, 2020 |access-date=8 December 2020 |website=Being But Men, We Walked Into the Trees |language=en}}</ref> Kubera iyo mpamvu, mu 1950, afite imyaka 59, yatangiye imyaka icumi yiga muri iyo kaminuza, yiga amasomo nijoro na wikendi, yiga ubuhanzi, <ref name="SAAM">{{Cite web |title=Alma Thomas |url=https://americanart.si.edu/artist/alma-thomas-4778 |access-date=2019-11-12 |website=Smithsonian American Art Museum |language=en-US}}</ref> harimo amateka yubuhanzi no gushushanya. [ 13 ] <sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 449">&#x3A;&#x200A;449&#x200A;</span></sup><ref name="NMWA-Blog">{{Cite web |date=14 October 2009 |title=Artist Spotlight: Alma Thomas |url=https://nmwa.org/blog/artist-spotlight-alma-thomas/ |access-date=17 December 2020 |website=National Museum of Women in the Arts - Broad Strokes Blog}}</ref> Muri kaminuza y'Abanyamerika yize gushushanya hamwe na Robert Franklin Gates na Ben "Joe" Summerford. Ariko Jacob Kainen yari umwarimu we ukomeye cyane, kandi yari kuba inshuti magara ubuzima bwe bwose. Igihe Thomas yigana na Kainen mu gatasi 1957, yamufata nk'umuhanzi mugenzi we aho kuba umunyeshuri. [ 3 ] <sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 11">&#x3A;&#x200A;11&#x200A;</span></sup>Kainen yari yarahuye na Thomas mu 1934, mu nzu mberabyombi ya Barnet-Aden, maze mu 1957, yemera gutangira kwigisha icyiciro cya AU cy’umwaka wose cy’abanyeshuri batandatu batoranijwe bashushanyije, barimo na Thomas, ariko ubuyobozi bwemerera abanyeshuri 32, benshi muri bo bakaba batangiye, kwiga ishuri maze Kainen areka gucika intege nyuma ya manda imwe. [ 3 ] <sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 30">&#x3A;&#x200A;30&#x200A;</span></sup> Igihe Thomas yatangiraga amasomo ye yisumbuye muri kaminuza y'Abanyamerika mu 1950, yari akiri amarangi y'ikigereranyo. Mu myaka ya za 1950, uburyo bwe bwahindutse muburyo butandukanye, kuva gushushanya kwishusho kugeza kubisimu no kwerekana imvugo idasobanutse, hamwe n "" urwibutso ", amashusho yijimye ahanini yambaye amajwi yubururu nubururu, atangira kwakira amabara meza yakoreshaga nyuma muburyo bwe bwo gusinya. [ 3 ] <sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 25, 30-31">&#x3A;&#x200A;25, 30-31&#x200A;</span></sup> === Umwuga w'ubuhanzi === <blockquote>" ''Ubuhanzi bwo guhanga ni ubw'igihe cyose bityo bukaba butigenga ku gihe. Ni mu myaka yose, mu bihugu byose, kandi niba bivuze ko dushaka kuvuga umwuka wo guhanga umuntu ukora ishusho cyangwa igishusho uhuriweho n'isi yose y’umuco, utitaye ku myaka, ubwoko ndetse n'ubwenegihugu; aya magambo ashobora guhagarara nta nkomyi.'' " -Alma Thomas, 1970 </blockquote>Mu 1960, Thomas yavuye mu kwigisha maze aba umuhanzi wigihe cyose wabigize umwuga afite imyaka 68 cyangwa 69. Mu myaka ya za 1960, yatangiye gukora amashusho y’amabara, ahumekewe nakazi k’ishuri rya New York na Abstract Expressionism . Thomas yari azwiho gukorera muri sitidiyo y'urugo (icyumba gito cyo kubamo), akora ibishushanyo bye "asunika canvas ku bibero bye kandi abinganya na sofa." <ref name=":05"/> Yakoraga mu gikoni mu nzu ye, ahimba imirimo nka ''Watusi (Hard Edge)'' (1963), manipulation ya Cutis ya Matisse ''The Snail'', <ref name="Gopnik">{{Cite news |last=Blake Gopnik |date=November 5, 2009 |title=Alma Thomas's "Watusi (Hard Edge)" Won't Hang in White House |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/11/04/AR2009110405053.html |access-date=July 6, 2011 |work=Washington Post}}</ref> aho Thomas yahinduye imiterere ahindura amabara Matisse yakoresheje, maze ayita indirimbo ya Chubby Checker . <ref name="Cotter1"/> Mu buryo butandukanye n’abandi banyeshuri benshi bo mu ishuri ry’amabara rya Washington, ntabwo yakoresheje kaseti kugira ngo agaragaze imiterere y’amashusho ye. [ 13 ] <sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 451">&#x3A;&#x200A;451&#x200A;</span></sup>Ubuhanga bwe bwarimo gushushanya imirongo yamakaramu yoroheje hejuru ya canvas kugirango akore imiterere nishusho, no kuzuza amarangi irangi nyuma. Imirongo yikaramu ye igaragara mubice byinshi yarangije, ntabwo yabisibye. <ref name=":05"/> Ibikorwa bya Tomasi nyuma yizabukuru byari byibanze cyane kubitekerezo byamabara. <ref name=":05"/> Ibikorwa bye muri kiriya gihe byumvikanaga n’ibya Vasily Kandinsky (wari ushishikajwe n’ubushobozi bw’amarangamutima y’amabara) ndetse n’i Washington Color Field Painters, "ikintu cyamushimishije abamunenga ... ariko nanone cyibajije ibibazo byerekeranye n '" umwirabura "mu gihe abahanzi bato bo muri Afurika n’Abanyamerika bakoraga ibikorwa byo kwigaragambya bishingiye ku moko." <ref name=":22">{{Cite journal |date=2000 |title=Reviewed Works: Alma W. Thomas, a Retrospective of the Paintings |journal=Woman's Art Journal |volume=21 |issue=1 |pages=55–56 |doi=10.2307/1358116 |jstor=1358116}}</ref> Yavuze ati: "Gukoresha ibara mu mashusho yanjye ni iby'ingenzi kuri njye. Nkoresheje ibara nagerageje kwibanda ku bwiza n'ibyishimo mu gishushanyo cyanjye aho kwibanda ku buntu bwa muntu ku muntu." [ 4 ] Yongeye kuvuga ku bijyanye no gukoresha ibara yagize ati: "Ibara ni ubuzima, kandi umucyo ni nyina w'amabara." <ref name="artic">{{Cite web |year=1972 |title=Starry Night and the Astronauts |url=https://www.artic.edu/artworks/129884/starry-night-and-the-astronauts |website=The Art Institute of Chicago}}</ref> [[File:March_on_Washington_Alma_Thomas_1964.jpg|right|thumb|''Werurwe i Washington'' (1964) mu Ngoro y’ubuhanzi mu 2022]] [[File:Pansies_in_Washington,_1969,_Alma_Thomas.jpg|right|thumb|''Pansies i Washington'' (1969) mu Ngoro yigihugu yubuhanzi muri 2022]] Imurikagurisha rye rya mbere ryasubiye mu 1966 (24 Mata - 17 Gicurasi) mu Ngoro y’ubuhanzi muri kaminuza ya Howard, ryateguwe n’amateka y’ubuhanzi James A. Porter . Harimo imirimo 34 kuva 1959 kugeza 1966. Kuri iri murika, yakoze ''ibishushanyo mbonera by’isi'', uruhererekane rw’ibikorwa byahumetswe na kamere, harimo ''izuka'' (1966), <ref name="auto1">{{Cite web |title=Box 2, Folder 43 {{!}} A Finding Aid to the Alma Thomas papers, circa 1894-2001 {{!}} Digitized Collection |url=https://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/alma-thomas-papers-9241/series-4/box-2-folder-43 |access-date=2020-02-22 |website=www.aaa.si.edu |language=en}}</ref> mu mwaka wa 2014 bikaba byari kugurwa mu cyegeranyo cya [[Perezidansi y’Amerika|White House]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title="Resurrection" by Alma Thomas |url=https://www.whitehousehistory.org/photos/resurrection-by-alma-thomas |access-date=2020-02-22 |website=WHHA (en-US) |language=en}}</ref> <ref name="CT">{{Cite news |last=Valentine |first=Victoria |date=17 April 2015 |title=Alma Thomas is Given Pride of Place at the White House |url=https://www.culturetype.com/2015/04/17/alma-thomas-is-given-pride-of-place-at-the-white-house/ |access-date=30 August 2019 |work=Culture Type}}</ref> Niwe mugore wa mbere w’umunyafurika-Umunyamerika winjijwe mu cyegeranyo cy’ubuhanzi gihoraho cya [[Perezidansi y’Amerika|White House]] . Tomasi n'umuhanzi Delilah Pierce, inshuti, bari gutwara imodoka mu cyaro aho Tomasi yashakishaga imbaraga, akuramo ibitekerezo ku ngaruka z'umucyo n'ikirere ku bidukikije. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2020)">citation ikenewe</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Kugira ngo duhangane n'ikibazo cyatewe na Howard show, nk'uko Romare Bearden na Henry Henderson babitangaza, uburyo bwe bwongeye guhinduka, mu buryo bw'ingenzi: "Tomasi yahinduye uburyo bwihariye ubu buzwi nk'umukono we - ukina ibara rirwanya ibara kandi hejuru y'ibara rifite ishusho ntoya, idasanzwe y'urukiramende rufite ibara ryinshi, akenshi rifite ibara ryinshi." [ 13 ] Iri murika ryakiriwe neza na Helen Hoffman mu kinyamakuru Washington Post cyo ku ya 4 Gicurasi 1966, cyiswe "ibara ryerekana amabara ryerekana umwuka we". <ref name="auto1"/> Ahumekewe n'ukwezi kugwa mu 1969, Alma Thomas yatangiye insanganyamatsiko ye ya kabiri y'ingenzi yo gushushanya. Urukurikirane ''Umwanya, Snoopy'' ''nisi'' byashyizwe mubikorwa pointillism. Yabyukije umwuka muburyo butandukanye cyane bwamabara nuburyo bwa mozayike, akoresha ubururu bwijimye bwijimye bwijimye kandi bwijimye bwa orange, agaragaza abstraction nubwiza butunguranye akoresheje ibara. Ibikorwa byinshi muriki ruhererekane bifite uruziga, rutambitse, na vertical verisiyo. Ibishushanyo birashobora kubyara ibyiyumvo byo kureremba. Ibishushanyo nabyo bitanga ingufu muri canvas. Itandukaniro ryamabara ritera ibara rikomeye, kandi rigumana imbaraga ziboneka. <ref name="SAAM"/> [[File:Earth_Sermon_-_Beauty,_Love_and_Peace,_1971,_Alma_Thomas.jpeg|right|thumb|''Inyigisho y'isi - Ubwiza, Urukundo n'amahoro'' (1971) mu nzu ndangamurage ya Hirshhorn n'ubusitani bw'ibishushanyo mu 2022]] Hagati ya 1967 na 1975, Thomas yahawe ibihembo byinshi n’ishimwe mu mashyirahamwe atandukanye y’ubuhanzi n’ingoro ndangamurage z’Abanyamerika. Mu 1967, Thomas yatsindiye icyubahiro mu imurikagurisha ry’umuryango w’abanyamerika bo muri Otirishiya hamwe n’ishusho ye ''The Viennese Waltzes,'' nyuma mu 1972, afite imyaka 81, Thomas ni we mugore wa mbere w’umunyamerika w’umunyamerika wagize imurikagurisha wenyine mu nzu ndangamurage y’ubuhanzi ya Whitney . Nyuma yaho muri uwo mwaka, imurikagurisha rinini cyane ryabereye mu ngoro y’ubuhanzi ya Corcoran . <ref name="Bearden">{{Cite book |last=Bearden |first=Romare |date=1993 |title=A History of African-American Artists: From 1792 to the Present |url=https://archive.org/details/historyofafrican00bear |last2=Henderson |first2=Henry |publisher=Pantheon Books |isbn=9780394570167 |location=New York}}</ref> : 452 Thomas yahakanye ibirango bamushyizeho nk'umuhanzi kandi ntiyemera inzitizi zose zibuza ibikorwa bye byo guhanga no gukora umwuga w'ubuhanzi, harimo n'irangamuntu ye nk'umwirabura. <ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Ian Berry, Lauren Haynes. |year=2016 |title=Alma Thomas |publisher=Prestel |isbn=978-3791355719}}</ref> Yizeraga ko icy'ingenzi kuri we ari ugukomeza guhanga icyerekezo cye binyuze mu bihangano bye ndetse no mu isi y’ubuhanzi nubwo amacakubiri ashingiye ku moko. <ref>{{Cite book |last=K Harrisburg |first=Halley |year=1966 |title=African-American art : 20th century masterworks, III : [exhibition] |publisher=Michael Rosenfeld Gallery |location=New York, NY}}</ref> Thomas yari akivangura nkumuhanzi wigitsina gore wumwirabura kandi yanenzwe muburyo bwe budafatika butandukanye nabandi Banyamerika b'Abirabura bakoranye ibishushanyo n’ibimenyetso mu kurwanya igitugu. Ibikorwa bye byagaragaye hamwe nabandi bahanzi benshi b'Abanyafurika-Abanyamerika muri za galeries no kwerekana, nk'ububiko bwa mbere bufite abirabura mu Karere ka Columbiya. <ref name=":0" /> [[File:Alma_Thomas_at_Whitney.jpg|left|thumb|Thomas mu gufungura imurikagurisha rye wenyine mu nzu ndangamurage ya Whitney mu 1972]] Nyuma yo kwerekana muri Whitney, icyamamare cya Thomas mu muryango w’ubukorikori cyiza cyane. Kuba yaramenyekanye vuba aha byatewe ahanini na Robert Doty amushyigikiye mu majwi, kuko yateguye igitaramo cya Thomas's Whitney mu rwego rwo kwerekana imurikagurisha ry’abahanzi bo muri Afurika n’Abanyamerika, rigamije kwamagana ko badahagarariwe. <ref name=":22"/> Abanenga New York bashimishijwe nuburyo bwa kijyambere bwa Thomas, cyane cyane ko yari umukecuru wimyaka 80 mugihe yatangiraga igihugu. Ikinyamakuru New York Times cyasuzumye imurikagurisha rye inshuro enye, yita amashusho ye "gukuramo impuguke, tachiste mu buryo, nta makemwa mu gukoresha amabara <ref name=":22" /> <ref>{{Cite news |last=Mellow |first=James R. |date=29 April 1972 |title=Expert Abstractions by Alma Thomas |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1972/04/29/archives/expert-abstractions-by-alma-thomas.html |work=The New York Times}}</ref> Abazungu benshi bamunegura bamushimye nk "" Ikimenyetso cyabashushanyijeho amabara "kandi nk" "impano, abstractioniste ebullient". Filozofiya ya Alma Thomas yubuhanzi bwe nuko ibikorwa bye byuzuye imbaraga, kandi izo mbaraga ntizishobora gusenywa cyangwa kuremwa. <ref name="Greenwood Press">{{Cite book |date=1999 |title=Women artists of color : a bio-critical sourcebook to 20th century artists in the Americas |url=https://archive.org/details/womenartistsofco00farr |publisher=Greenwood Press |others=Farris, Phoebe, 1952- |isbn=0313303746 |location=Westport, Conn. |oclc=40193578 |url-access=registration}}</ref> Ushinzwe gutunganya ibihangano bya New York akaba n'umwanditsi witwa Thomas B. Hess yaguze ishusho ya Tomasi yo mu 1972 ishushanya ''Red Roses Sonata'', maze mu 1976 umusingi w’umuryango we uha iki gitabo inzu ndangamurage y’ubuhanzi ya Metropolitan . [ 3 ] <sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 34">&#x3A;&#x200A;34&#x200A;</span></sup><ref name=":12"/> ] <ref name="Met-Roses">{{Cite web |title=Red Roses Sonata |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/632918 |access-date=6 December 2020 |website=www.metmuseum.org}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Joshua Taylor letter to Alma Thomas, 1975 March 3, from the Alma Thomas papers, circa 1894-2001 |url=https://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/items/detail/joshua-taylor-letter-to-alma-thomas-18478 |access-date=2019-04-04 |website=www.aaa.si.edu |language=en}}</ref> <ref name="Smithsonian-Taylor">{{Cite web |date=1 January 1970 |title=Joshua C. Taylor Becomes Director of NCFA |url=https://siarchives.si.edu/collections/siris_sic_1035 |access-date=6 December 2020 |website=Smithsonian Institution Archives |language=en}}</ref> <ref name="Reed-Taylor">{{Cite web |title=In Memoriam: Joshua C. Taylor '39 |url=https://www.reed.edu/reed-magazine/in-memoriam/obituaries/_online_only/joshua-taylor-1939.html |access-date=6 December 2020 |website=Reed Magazine |language=en-us}}</ref> Mary Beth Edelson ' <nowiki><i id="mwAqo">Bamwe mu bahanzi b'Abanyamerika bazima / Ifunguro Ryera</i></nowiki> (1972) bakiriye ''Ifunguro Ryera'' rya Leonardo da Vinci, hamwe n'abayobozi b'abahanzi b'[[Umugore|abagore]] bazwi bahurira hejuru y'imitwe ya Kristo n'intumwa ze; Alma Thomas yari muri abo bahanzi b'abagore bazwi. Iyi shusho, ivuga ku ruhare rw’amadini n’ubuhanzi amashusho y’amateka mu kugandukira abagore, yabaye "imwe mu mashusho agaragara y’ubuhanzi bw’umugore ." <ref name="Frost Art Museum">{{Cite web |title=Mary Beth Edelson |url=http://drawingproject.frostartmuseum.org/mary-beth-edelson/ |access-date=11 January 2014 |website=The Frost Art Museum Drawing Project}}</ref> <ref name="Clara - Edelson">{{Cite web |title=Mary Beth Adelson |url=http://clara.nmwa.org/index.php?g=entity_detail&entity_id=1321 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140110213429/http://clara.nmwa.org/index.php?g=entity_detail&entity_id=1321 |archive-date=January 10, 2014 |access-date=10 January 2014 |website=Clara - Database of Women Artists |publisher=National Museum of Women in the Arts |location=Washington, D.C.}}</ref> === Ubuzima bwite === Thomas yabwiye ''New York Times'' mu 1977 ko "atigeze arongora umugabo ariko ibihangano byanjye. Ni uwuhe mugabo wigeze ashima ibyo nashakaga?" <ref name="NYT-77-whitney">{{Cite news |last=Shirey |first=David L. |date=4 May 1972 |title=At 77, She's Made It to the Whitney |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1972/05/04/archives/at-77-shes-made-it-to-the-whitney.html |access-date=12 December 2020 |work=The New York Times}}</ref> Yanditse ati: "Kera byavuzwe, ntupfe kugira" Miss "ku ibuye ryawe. Ndumva nishimiye cyane kuba narakomeje Miss wanjye. Ndavuga ko Miss uhagaze kuri Jackasses zose nabuze mu buzima." [ 4 ] Yongeyeho ati: "Umugabo mwiza ni umunezero, ariko ku bw'Imana ntukagwe na Jackass." [ 4 ] Yagize ubuzima busanzwe, hamwe ninshuti nyinshi zabahanzi. <ref name="NYT-77-whitney" /> "Ntakunze kubura" inzu ndangamurage cyangwa imurikagurisha rifungura i Washington. [ 13 ] <sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 447">&#x3A;&#x200A;447&#x200A;</span></sup> Thomas yabaga mu nzu imwe i Washington, ku muhanda wa 1530, 15, NW, ubuzima bwe bwose, kuva mu 1907 igihe umuryango we wimukiye muri Jeworujiya kugira ngo ashobore kwiga amashuri yisumbuye kugeza apfuye mu 1978 (usibye imyaka mike yari afite mu myaka 20 yakoraga ahandi). Murumuna we John Maurice Thomas, uzwi ku izina rya se kandi yari afite umwuga wo kuba isomero muri kaminuza ya Howard, yasangiye inzu na we. [ 4 ] <sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 7">&#x3A;&#x200A;7&#x200A;</span></sup><ref name="WP-obit">{{Cite news |last=Richard |first=Paul |date=25 February 1978 |title=Alma Thomas, 86, Dies |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1978/02/25/alma-thomas-86-dies/a2e629d0-58e6-4834-a18d-6071b137f973/ |access-date=12 December 2020 |work=Washington Post}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |date=25 Mar 2004 |title=Obituaries: John Maurice Thomas |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/2004/03/25/obituaries/92ddcdeb-a896-4e2d-9a16-cf2819a28f62/ |access-date=4 September 2021 |work=Washington Post}}</ref> Urwo rugo, ubu ruzwi ku izina rya Alma Thomas Inzu, rwubatswe ahagana mu 1875 kandi rushyirwa ku gitabo cy’igihugu cy’ahantu ndangamateka . Ku ya 26 Gicurasi 2025, Umuhanda <ref>{{Cite web |last=Valentine |first=Valerie L. |date=May 16, 2020 |title=Longtime Home of Artist Alma Thomas For Sale in Washington, D.C., for $2.2 Million+ |url=https://www.culturetype.com/2020/05/16/longtime-home-of-artist-alma-thomas-for-sale-in-washington-d-c-for-2-2-million/ |access-date=4 September 2021 |website=Cultural Type}}</ref> hagati y’Itorero na Q wahinduwe Alma Thomas <ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-05-28 |title=Washington, DC street renamed ‘Alma Thomas Way’ in honour of renowned abstract painter |url=https://www.theartnewspaper.com/2025/05/28/alma-thomas-way-washington-dc |access-date=2025-05-30 |website=www.theartnewspaper.com |language=en}}</ref> === Urupfu n'ububiko === Alma Thomas yapfuye ku ya 24 Gashyantare 1978, mu bitaro bya kaminuza ya Howard, nyuma yo kubagwa aortic. <ref name="WP-obit"/> Impapuro za Tomasi zatanzwe mu bihe byinshi hagati ya 1979 na 2004 muri Archives of Art Art y'Abanyamerika na mushiki we, J. Maurice Thomas. <ref name="AAA">{{Cite web |title=Alma Thomas papers, 1894–2000 |url=http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/alma-thomas-papers-9241/more#biohist |access-date=July 6, 2011 |website=Finding Aid |publisher=Archives of American Art}}</ref> == Imiterere yubuhanzi == Alma Thomas akazi ke kare kari guhagarariwe muburyo. Nkumwirabura, yibanze kumurimo we wo guhanga aho kwibanda kumoko cyangwa igitsina. <ref name="SAAM"/> Tomasi yizeraga ko guhanga bigomba kwigenga kuburinganire cyangwa ubwoko, guhanga imirimo yibanda kubwiza butunguranye no gukuramo ibara. <ref name="Greenwood Press"/> After further education at American University and influenced by James V. Herring and Lois Mailou Jones, her work became more abstract.<ref name="nmwa.org"/> Toward the end of her life, her style moved "to a color-filled, impastoed geometric abstraction of tessellated brushstroke patterns."<ref name=":22"/> These paintings have been compared to Byzantine mosaics and the pointillist paintings of Georges-Pierre Seurat.<ref name="nmwa.org" /> Thomas' style has qualities similar to West African paintings as well as Byzantine mosaics.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Henkes |first=Robert |year=1993 |title=The art of Black American women : works of twenty-four artists of the twentieth century |publisher=McFarland Publishing |isbn=978-0899508184 |location=Jefferson, N.C}}</ref> [[File:Mars_Dust,_1972,_Alma_Thomas_at_Whitney.jpg|right|thumb|''Umukungugu wa Mars'' (1972) mu nzu ndangamurage ya Whitney mu 2023]] Ibara rye ryamazi hamwe namavuta yashizwemo no gukoresha (rimwe na rimwe kurengana) urukiramende rwamabara. Yakomeje gukoresha ubu buhanga mu mirimo ye, bwerekanaga amabara aboneka mu biti, indabyo, ubusitani, ndetse n’andi mashusho asanzwe. <ref name=":05"/> Igishushanyo cye ''nimugoroba Glow'' cyatewe ahanini n’uko Tomasi yashishikajwe n’amabara y’isi: "[[Igiti]] cyera hanze y’icyumba cye, cyashishikaje Tomasi ibishushanyo mbonera byakozwe n'amababi yacyo ku idirishya, kandi bifite ishusho y’urumuri n’igicucu hasi hasi no ku rukuta imbere mu rugo rwe." <ref name=":05" /> Amashusho ye yise 'Alma's Stripes', kubera ko ishusho yuzuye irangi yaremye urukiramende rurerure. Nyuma ibikorwa byahumetswe nubushakashatsi bwikirere hamwe nisi. Umutwe w'ishusho ye ''ya Mars Dust'' (1972) yerekanaga inkuru zamakuru yumuyaga wumukungugu kuri Mars. [ 4 ] <sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 33">&#x3A;&#x200A;33&#x200A;</span></sup>. == Nyuma reaction, kwerekana, niterambere == [[File:Red_Azaleas_Singing,_1976,_Alma_Thomas_at_SAAM_2023.jpg|right|thumb|''Umutuku Azaleas Kuririmba no kubyina Urutare na Roll Muzika'' (1976) mu nzu ndangamurage yubuhanzi ya Smithsonian muri 2023]] Umuhanga mu by'amateka y’ubuhanzi Richard J. Powell yanditse mu 1997 ku bijyanye n’umwanya wa Thomas na Sam Gilliam nk’abanyamuryango babiri bazwi cyane b’Abanyafurika-Abanyamerika bo mu Ishuri ry’amabara rya Washington, ati: "Mu gihe baganiraga n’ibikorwa by’abahanzi bagenzi babo bo mu Ishuri ry’amabara rya Washington ( Gene Davis, Morris Louis, na Kenneth Noland ), banabagejejeho, binyuze mu buryo bwa tekiniki kandi bwo mu rwego rwo hejuru bwo gusiga amarangi, ibyifuzo by’imibereho by’icyiciro rusange cya Washington DC." Yakomeje avuga ko mu myaka ya za 1960 Thomas "yateye umugongo" ku buryo yari asanzwe ahagarariye "umuryango w’ubuhanzi wa DC wabonaga ko ari ibitekerezo by’ibitekerezo," ashyigikira "uburyo budasubirwaho bwatewe n’ubuhinzi bw’[[imboga]], inyigisho z’amabara ya siyansi, ndetse n’umuziki." Powell yavuze ko Tomasi yo mu 1976 ''Azeleas Kuririmba no Kubyina Rock na Roll Music'' ari "ubuhanga bwo kuganira inzira zinyerera hagati ya kamere na sosiyete," kandi "bikerekana uburyo bwo kwishyira hamwe kw'ibihe." <ref name="Powell">{{Cite book |last=Powell |first=Richard J. |date=1997 |title=Black art and culture in the 20th century |publisher=Thames & Hudson |isbn=0-500-20295-8 |location=New York, N.Y. |page=128}}</ref> Ikinyamakuru Washington Post cyamusobanuye ko ari "imbaraga mu ishuri ry’ibara rya Washington ". <ref name="wapo">{{Cite news |last=Dawson |first=Jessica |date=April 7, 2005 |title=An Alumni Reunion On the Hilltop |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A32839-2005Apr6.html |access-date=October 8, 2009 |work=The Washington Post |page=C05}}</ref> Yanditse mu 1998, umuhanga mu by'amateka y’ubuhanzi Sharon Patton yavuze ko ''Igitaramo cya Tomasi cyo mu 1973 cy’umuyaga na Crepe Myrtle'' ari "kimwe mu bishushanyo mbonera bya Minimalist Color-Field byakozwe n’umuhanzi nyafurika w’umunyamerika." Nubwo Thomas atabonye monografiya  kugeza mu 1998 igihe inzu ndangamurage ya Fort Wayne yerekanaga ibyerekeranye n’umuhanzi, <ref name=":22"/> ubukererwe bw’abashakashatsi bwimbitse ntabwo bugaragaza umurage we n’ingaruka ku buhanzi bwa Visual . Jacob Kainen, umwarimu we muri kaminuza y'Abanyamerika mu gatasi 1957, [ 3 ] yemeza ko "Tomasi yagize uruhare runini mu iterambere ry’ibishushanyo mbonera mu kinyejana cya 20." Kainen yanditse mu gitabo cya Fort Wayne yerekana ko yahuye na Thomas mu 1943, mu birori byabereye mu nzu mberabyombi ya Barnett-Aden . [ 3 ] <sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 30">&#x3A;&#x200A;30&#x200A;</span></sup>Kainen amwibuka muri kiriya gihe nk "" umugore muto, unanutse ufite ubwiza bwimyambarire, imyifatire ye ndetse no gushikama kudashidikanywaho byatumye ikibazo cy'ubunini bwe kidafite akamaro. " [ 3 ] Muri gahunda y’imyidagaduro y’ubuhanzi ya kaminuza ya Howard yo mu 1966 "Alma W. Thomas: Imurikagurisha ryisubiraho, 1959-1966," Kainen asobanura ko ari "Ikimenyetso cy’abashushanya amabara." <ref name="auto1"/> Mu mwaka wa 2009, amashusho abiri yakozwe na Thomas, harimo na ''Watusi (Hard Edge)'', <ref name="Cotter1"/> yatowe na Madamu wa Perezida Michelle Obama, umushinga w'imbere mu nzu ya White House, Michael S. Smith (umushinga w'imbere), hamwe n'umuyobozi ushinzwe inzu ya White House, William Allman kugira ngo berekanwe muri [[Perezidansi y’Amerika|White House]] mu gihe cya perezida Obama . <ref name="nytimes">{{Cite news |last=Vogel |first=Carol |date=October 6, 2009 |title=A Bold and Modern White House |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/07/arts/design/07borrow.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130616215631/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/07/arts/design/07borrow.html?_r=1 |archive-date=June 16, 2013 |access-date=October 7, 2009 |work=The New York Times |page=A14}}</ref> ''Watusi (Hard Edge)'' yaje gukurwa muri White House kubera impungenge zatewe n'iki gice kibereye mu biro bya East Wing ya Michelle Obama. ''Sky Light'', <ref>{{Cite web |date=November 5, 2009 |title=Alma Thomas' "Watusi" Gets the White House Kibosh |url=http://flavorwire.com/48319/alma-thomas-watusi-gets-the-white-house-kibosh}}</ref> yatanzwe na Hirshhorn Museum and Garden Sculpture, yamanitswe mu nzu bwite ya Obama. <ref name="Gopnik"/> [[File:Resurrection,_1966,_Alma_Thomas_at_SAAM_2023.jpg|right|thumb|''Izuka'' (1966) mu nzu ndangamurage y’ubuhanzi ya Smithsonian muri 2023]] Mu mwaka wa 2015, ikindi gishushanyo cye, ''Izuka'' (1966), cyamanitswe cyane mu cyumba cyo gusangiriramo umuryango wa Old House cyo muri White House, kikaba cyaraguzwe mu cyegeranyo cya White House mu 2014 hamwe n’amadorari 290.000 n’inkunga yatanzwe n’ishyirahamwe ry’amateka rya White House . <ref name="CT"/> <ref name="WHHA">{{Cite web |title="Resurrection" by Alma Thomas |url=https://www.whitehousehistory.org/photos/resurrection-by-alma-thomas |access-date=30 August 2019 |website=White House Historical Association |language=en}}</ref> Guhitamo <ref name="CT" /> mu cyegeranyo cya White House byasobanuwe nk'ikimenyetso cyiza ku butegetsi bwa Obama na Holland Cotter wanenze ibihangano ''bya New York Times'' . Cotter yavuze ko umurimo wa Tomasi ari "kureba imbere nta gukabya; nyuma y'amoko ariko kandi ukunda amoko." <ref name="Artnews1">{{Cite web |last=Robin Cembalest |year=2009 |title=Critics Nix Obamas' Pix Mix |url=http://artnews.com/issues/article.asp?art_id=2789 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707170726/http://artnews.com/issues/article.asp?art_id=2789 |archive-date=July 7, 2011 |access-date=July 6, 2011 |website=Past Issues |publisher=ARTnews}}</ref> Mu mwaka wa 2016, imurikagurisha ''Alma Thomas'', ryasobanuwe mu bikoresho byamamaza ko ari "uburyo bwa mbere bwerekanwe ku bikorwa by’umuhanzi mu myaka igera kuri makumyabiri," kandi ko bugaragaza "ubwihindurize butandukanye bw’imirimo ya Tomasi kuva mu mpera za 1950 kugeza apfuye mu 1978" bwateguwe na The Frances Young Tang Teaching Museum and Art Gallery muri Skidmore College na Studio Museum i Harlem . <ref name="tang.skidmore.edu">{{Cite web |title=Alma Thomas |url=https://tang.skidmore.edu/exhibitions/133-alma-thomas |access-date=2019-03-02 |website=Tang Teaching Museum |language=en}}</ref> Iri murika ryateguwe na Ian Berry, Umuyobozi wa Dayton w’Ingoro Ndangamurage ya Tang na Lauren Haynes, Umuyobozi wungirije ushinzwe amasomo, icyegeranyo gihoraho mu nzu ndangamurage ya Studio i Harlem kandi ashyigikiwe n’inshuti za Tang. <ref name="tang.skidmore.edu" /> Ibikoresho byamamaza imurikagurisha byagaragaje ko "ibihangano bya Tomasi, ibishushanyo mbonera by’ingufu ndetse no kwiyemeza kurangi byamuremye umurimo wihariye kandi udasanzwe." Bavuze kandi ko "ikubiyemo gake cyane amabara y’amazi n’ubushakashatsi bwakozwe hakiri kare." Iri murika ryagabanyijwemo ibice bine: Himura kuri Abstraction; Isi, Umwanya, hamwe nakazi katinze. <ref name="tang.skidmore.edu" /> ''Ikinyamakuru Wall Street Journal'' cyamusobanuye mu mwaka wa 2016 nk'umuhanzi wahoze ari "umuhanzi udashimwa" uherutse kumenyekana kubera ibikorwa bye "exuberant", uzwi cyane ku buryo bwabo, injyana n'ibara. Muri 2019, Tomasi yo mu 1970 yashushanyije ''izuba rirenze'' ryatejwe cyamunara mugurisha Christie . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Armstrong |first=Annie |date=2019-10-24 |title=Alma Thomas, a Favored Artist of the Obamas, Could More Than Double Her Auction Record Next Month at Christie's |url=https://www.artnews.com/art-news/market/alma-thomas-auction-christies-13461/ |access-date=2020-08-11 |website=ARTnews.com |language=en-US}}</ref> Yagurishijwe miliyoni 2.655. <ref name="Christies-price">{{Cite web |title=Alma Thomas (1891-1978), A Fantastic Sunset |url=https://www.christies.com/lotfinder/Lot/alma-thomas-1891-1978-a-fantastic-sunset-6236054-details.aspx |access-date=6 December 2020 |website=www.christies.com |language=en}}</ref> Mu 2021, hashyizweho igiciro gishya cy’ibikorwa bya Tomasi igihe ''ubusitani bw’indabyo bwa Alma'', bwashushanywaga mu myaka ya 1968 kugeza mu 1970, bwateshejwe agaciro n’inzu ndangamurage y’ubuhanzi ya Greenville, yagurishije mu kugurisha ku giti cye n’umuguzi utamenyekanye ku madolari miliyoni 2.8. Inzu ndangamurage yari yaguze irangi mu 2008 ku madolari 135.000. <ref name="Rosenbaum">{{Cite web |last=Rosenbaum |first=Lee |date=9 April 2021 |title=Doubting Thomas: Greenville County Museum Sells "Alma's Flower Garden" in a Non-Transparent Transaction |url=https://www.artsjournal.com/culturegrrl/2021/04/doubting-thomas-greenville-county-museum-sells-almas-flower-garden-in-a-non-transparent-transaction.html |access-date=21 April 2021 |website=CultureGrrl}}</ref> <ref name="Greenville">{{Cite news |last=Mayo |first=Nikie |date=30 March 2021 |title=$2.8 million mystery: Greenville museum sells rare Alma Thomas painting to secret buyer |url=https://www.greenvilleonline.com/story/news/local/south-carolina/2021/03/30/painting-black-artist-alma-thomas-sells-record-2-8-million/4808575001/ |access-date=21 April 2021 |work=The Greenville News}}</ref> Ibikorwa bya Thomas byashyizwe mu imurikagurisha ryo mu 2021 ''Abagore muri Abstraction'' kuri Centre Pompidou . <ref name="Women in abstraction">{{Cite book |date=2021 |title=Women in abstraction |publisher=Thames & Hudson Ltd. ; Thames & Hudson Inc |isbn=978-0500094372 |location=London : New York, New York |pages=170}}</ref> Imurikagurisha ry’ubuhanzi bwe yise "Alma W. Thomas: Byose ni Byiza," ryateguwe n’inzu ndangamurage ya Chrysler i Norfolk, muri Virijiniya n’inzu ndangamurage ya Columbus i Columbus, Jeworujiya, yafunguwe ku ya 9 Nyakanga 2021, mu nzu ndangamurage ya Chrysler. Byari biteganijwe ko bizahakorera kugeza ku ya 3 Ukwakira 2021, nyuma yaho bikorera mu cyegeranyo cya Phillips i Washington, DC, mu mpeshyi 2021, inzu ndangamurage ya Frist i Nashville mu mpeshyi 2022, n'inzu ndangamurage ya Columbus mu mpeshyi 2022. <ref name="auto2">{{Cite web |date=September 21, 2020 |title=Everything is Beautiful: Major Alma W. Thomas Traveling Exhibition Opening at Chrysler Museum of Art in July 2021 |url=https://www.culturetype.com/2020/09/21/everything-is-beautiful-major-alma-w-thomas-traveling-exhibition-opening-at-chrysler-museum-of-art-in-july-2021/ |access-date=2020-10-21 |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref name="Chrysler-blurb">{{Cite web |title=Alma W. Thomas:Everything is Beautiful |url=https://chrysler.org/exhibition/alma-thomas/ |access-date=6 December 2020 |website=Chrysler Museum of Art |language=en}}</ref> Inyandiko ngufi, ''Miss Alma Thomas: Ubuzima mu Ibara'', yashinzwe ku bufatanye n’imurikabikorwa. Iyobowe na Cheri Gaulke ikanakorwa na [[Jon Gann]], yakinnye iserukiramuco rya firime zirenga 40 ku isi yose kandi yegukana ibihembo ndetse n'ibihembo. Mu 2023, ibikorwa bye byashyizwe mu imurikagurisha ''Igikorwa, Ibimenyetso, Irangi: Abahanzi b'Abagore na Global Abstraction 1940-1970'' mu nzu mberabyombi ya Whitechapel i Londres. <ref name="Whitechapel Gallery">{{Cite web |title=Action, Gesture, Paint |url=https://www.whitechapelgallery.org/exhibitions/action-gesture-paint-women-and-global-abstraction-1940-70/ |access-date=24 April 2023 |website=Whitechapel Gallery |language=en}}</ref> == Imurikagurisha rigaragara == * ''Ibara ry'amazi by Alma Thomas'', 1960, Dupont Theatre Art Gallery <ref name="ReferenceA" /> * ''Alma Thomas: Imurikagurisha ryisubiraho (1959-1966)'', 1966, Ubugeni bwa kaminuza ya Howard <ref name="ReferenceA" /> * ''Alma Thomas: Amashusho aheruka'', 1968, Ububiko bwa Franz Bader <ref name="ReferenceA" /> * ''Igishushanyo cya vuba cyanditswe na Alma W. Thomas: Urukurikirane rw'isi n'ikirere (1961–1971)'', 1971, Ububiko bwa Carl Van Vechten, Kaminuza ya Fisk <ref name="ReferenceA" /> * ''Alma W. Thomas'', 1972, Inzu Ndangamurage ya Whitney y'Abanyamerika <ref name="ReferenceA" /> <ref name="auto">{{Cite book |date=1989 |title=Making their mark : women artists move into the mainstream, 1970-85 |url=https://archive.org/details/makingtheirmarkw0000unse |publisher=Abbeville Press |others=Rosen, Randy., Brawer, Catherine Coleman., Cincinnati Art Museum. |isbn=0-89659-958-2 |edition=1st |location=New York |oclc=18259773 |url-access=registration}}</ref> * ''Alma W. Thomas: Imurikagurisha ryisubiraho'', 1972, Ubugeni bwa Corcoran <ref name="ReferenceA">{{Cite book |year=2016 |title=Alma Thomas |publisher=The Studio Museum in Harlem, The Frances Young Tang Teaching Museum and Art Gallery, and DelMonico Books |isbn=9783791355719 |location=Prestel |pages=206}}</ref> * ''Alma W. Thomas: Amashusho'', 1973, Ikarita ya Martha Jackson <ref name="ReferenceA" /> * ''Alma W. Thomas: Amashusho aheruka'', 1975, Ubugeni bwa kaminuza ya Howard <ref name="auto" /> * ''Alma W. Thomas: Amashusho aheruka'', 1976, HC Taylor Gallery, Kaminuza ya Leta y’ubuhinzi n’ubuhanga ya Carolina y'Amajyaruguru <ref name="ReferenceA" /> * ''Ubuzima mu buhanzi: Alma Thomas, 1891-1978'', 1981, Inzu Ndangamurage y’Ubuhanzi bw’Abanyamerika, Ikigo cya Smithsonian <ref name="ReferenceA" /> * ''Alma W. Thomas: Gusubira inyuma kw'ibishushanyo'', 1998, Inzu Ndangamurage y'Ubuhanzi ya Fort Wayne, Inzu Ndangamurage ya Tampa, Inzu Ndangamurage ya Leta ya New Jersey, Inzu Ndangamurage ya Anacostia, Ikigo cya Smithsonian, n'inzu ndangamurage ya Columbus <ref name="ReferenceA" /> * ''Alma Thomas: Phantasmagoria, Amashusho Nkuru yo mu myaka ya za 70'', 2001, Michael Rosenfeld Gallery, n'inzu ndangamurage y'abagore: Ikigo cy'ejo hazaza <ref name="ReferenceA" /> * ''Gukomeza Ishema: Imyaka umunani Yubuhanzi muri kaminuza ya Howard'', 2005, kaminuza ya Howard <ref name="wapo"/> * ''Impirimbanyi y'amabara: Igishushanyo cya Felrath Hines na Alma Thomas'', 2010, Inzu Ndangamurage ya Nasher <ref name="Nasher">{{Cite web |year=2011 |title=Color Balance: Paintings by Felrath Hines and Alma Thomas |url=http://www.nasher.duke.edu/exhibitions_colorbalance.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928080225/http://www.nasher.duke.edu/exhibitions_colorbalance.php |archive-date=September 28, 2011 |access-date=July 6, 2011 |website=Exhibitions |publisher=Nasher Museum of Art}}</ref> * ''Alma Thomas'', 2016, Inzu Ndangamurage ya Frances Young Tang Yigisha Ingoro n'Ubuhanzi muri Skidmore College, <ref name="ReferenceA" /> na Studio Ndangamurage ya Harlem <ref name="Studio Museum">{{Cite web |title=Past Exhibits - Alma Thomas |url=https://www.studiomuseum.org/exhibition/alma-thomas |access-date=11 March 2017 |website=Studio Museum Harlem}}</ref> * ''Alma Thomas: Imurikagurisha'', 2019, Mnuchin Gallery <ref>{{Cite web |title=Alma Thomas - Exhibitions - Mnuchin Gallery |url=https://www.mnuchingallery.com/exhibitions/alma-thomas#tab:slideshow;tab-1:slideshow |website=www.mnuchingallery.com}}</ref> * ''Alma W. Thomas: Byose ni Byiza'', 2021, Inzu Ndangamurage ya Chrysler <ref name="auto2"/> * ''Ibara ryo guhimba: Igishushanyo cya Alma Thomas'', 2023-2024, Inzu Ndangamurage y'Abanyamerika ya Smithsonian <ref>{{Cite web |title=Composing Color: Paintings by Alma Thomas {{!}} Smithsonian American Art Museum |url=https://americanart.si.edu/exhibitions/alma-thomas |access-date=2025-07-31 |website=americanart.si.edu |language=en}}</ref> ; yagiye mu nzu ndangamurage ya Denver <ref>{{Cite web |title=Alma Thomas Composing Color {{!}} Denver Art Museum |url=https://www.denverartmuseum.org/en/exhibitions/alma-thomas-composing-color |access-date=2025-10-19 |website=www.denverartmuseum.org}}</ref> (2024-2025), Ingoro y’Urwibutso (2025), Inzu Ndangamurage y’ubuhanzi ya Indianapolis i Newfields (2025) na muzehe y’ubuhanzi ya Smith College (2026-2027) == Ibikorwa bigaragara mubyegeranyo rusange ==  {{Div col|colwidth=40em}} * ''Watusi (Hard Edge)'' (1963), [[Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden]], [[Smithsonian Institution]], [[Washington, D.C.]]<ref>[https://hirshhorn.si.edu/search-results/search-result-details/?edan_search_value=hmsg_76.137 "Watusi (Hard Edge)"], Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden. Retrieved October 17, 2018.</ref> *''Air View of a Spring Nursery'' (1966), [[Columbus Museum]], [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]]<ref name="GA">{{cite web | author=Charles T. Butler | year=2004 | title=Alma Thomas (1891–1978) | work=Individual Artists | publisher=The New Georgia Encyclopedia | url=http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Article.jsp?id=h-1040 | access-date=July 6, 2011| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110606080115/http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Article.jsp?id=h-1040| archive-date= June 6, 2011 | url-status= live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://columbusmuseum.pastperfectonline.com/webobject/B7A24918-47A7-4752-8374-134645299454|title=Painting - Air View Of A Spring Nursery &#124; Columbus Museum|website=columbusmuseum.pastperfectonline.com}}</ref> *''Breeze Rustling Through Fall Flowers'' (1968), [[Phillips Collection]], Washington, D.C.<ref name="Phillips">{{cite web | title=Breeze Rustling Through Fall Flowers | work=American Art | publisher=Phillips Museum | url=http://www.phillipscollection.org/research/american_art/artwork/Thomas-Breeze_Rustling.htm | access-date=July 6, 2011 | archive-date=March 4, 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304200031/http://www.phillipscollection.org/research/american_art/artwork/Thomas-Breeze_Rustling.htm | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.phillipscollection.org/collection/breeze-rustling-through-fall-flowers|title=Breeze Rustling Through Fall Flowers &#124; The Phillips Collection|website=www.phillipscollection.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.phillipscollection.org/event/2020-05-17-museum-stories|title=Museum Stories &#124; The Phillips Collection|website=www.phillipscollection.org|date=May 17, 2020 }}</ref> *''Nature's Red Impressions'' (1968), Luther W. Brady Art Gallery, [[George Washington University]], Washington, D.C.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bradygallery.gwu.edu/gw-collection|title=Brady Gallery|website=George Washington University}}</ref> * ''Resurrection'' (1968), [[White House Historical Association]], Washington, D.C.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.whitehousehistory.org/photos/resurrection-by-alma-thomas|title="Resurrection" by Alma Thomas|website=WHHA (en-US)}}</ref> * ''Wind, Sunshine and Flowers'' (1968), [[Brooklyn Museum]], [[New York City|New York]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.brooklynmuseum.org/opencollection/objects/1562|title=Wind, Sunshine and Flowers|website=www.brooklynmuseum.org|access-date=2025-11-08|archive-date=2025-02-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250206181233/https://www.brooklynmuseum.org/opencollection/objects/1562|url-status=dead}}</ref> *''Iris, Tulips, Jonquils and Crocuses'' (1969), [[National Museum of Women in the Arts]], Washington, D.C.<ref name="NMWA1">{{cite web|url=https://nmwa.org/works/iris-tulips-jonquils-and-crocuses|title=Iris, Tulips, Jonquils and Crocuses|year=2011|publisher=National Museum of Women in the Arts|work=Permanent Collection|access-date=January 10, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110624204926/http://nmwa.org/collection/detail.asp?WorkID=2178|archive-date=June 24, 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nmwa.org/art/collection/iris-tulips-jonquils-and-crocuses/|title=Iris, Tulips, Jonquils, and Crocuses &#124; Artwork}}</ref> * ''Pansies in Washington'' (1969), [[National Gallery of Art]], Washington, D.C.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nga.gov/calendar/gallery-talks/collection/pansies-washington-thomas.html|title=In Depth: "Pansies in Washington" by Alma Thomas|website=www.nga.gov|access-date=December 21, 2020|archive-date=July 10, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220710023617/https://www.nga.gov/calendar/gallery-talks/collection/pansies-washington-thomas.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> * ''Lunar Surface'' (1970), [[American University Museum]], Washington, D.C.<ref name="AU-Mus">{{cite web |title=American University Museum at the Katzen Arts Center |url=https://www.american.edu/cas/museum/ |website=American University |access-date=12 December 2020 |language=en}}</ref> * ''Snoopy Early Sun Display'' (1970), [[Smithsonian American Art Museum]], Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://americanart.si.edu/artwork/snoopy-early-sun-display-earth-24019|title=Snoopy--Early Sun Display on Earth &#124; Smithsonian American Art Museum|website=americanart.si.edu}}</ref> *''Earth Sermon - Beauty, Love and Peace'' (1971), Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.<ref name="Earth-Sermon">{{cite news |title=Earth Sermon - Beauty, Love and Peace |url=https://hirshhorn.si.edu/explore/earth-sermon-beauty-love-and-peace/ |newspaper=Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden &#124; Smithsonian |access-date=12 December 2020 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://insider.si.edu/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/Alma-Thomas-Photo.jpg|title=Earth Sermon - Beauty, Love And Peace}}</ref> *''Evening Glow'' (1972), [[Baltimore Museum of Art]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://collection.artbma.org/emuseum/view/objects/asitem/search$0040/0/title-asc?t:state:flow=cb452905-77fb-40d9-ab41-8a056e19f26a|title=The Baltimore Museum of Art|website=collection.artbma.org|access-date=2016-02-13}}{{Dead link|date=February 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://collection.artbma.org/emuseum/start?t:state:flow=09b2e3ce-5956-44ea-b436-8c259aa12c66|title=The Baltimore Museum of Art|website=collection.artbma.org|access-date=July 7, 2021|archive-date=July 9, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709190115/https://collection.artbma.org/emuseum/start?t:state:flow=09b2e3ce-5956-44ea-b436-8c259aa12c66|url-status=dead}}</ref> *''Mars Dust'' (1972), [[Whitney Museum]], New York<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://whitney.org/collection/works/3043|title=Alma Thomas &#124; Mars Dust|website=whitney.org}}</ref> * ''Red Atmosphere'' (1972), [[Tougaloo College]], [[Jackson, Mississippi]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Art and Civil Rights: The Mississippi Museum of Art and Tougaloo College Art and Civil Rights Initiative, 2017–2020 |url=https://www.msmuseumart.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/MMA1015K-ACRI-Cat-FINAL-web-single-edited.pdf |access-date=12 December 2020|pages=22}}</ref> * ''Red Roses Sonata'' (1972), [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]], New York<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/632918?sortBy=Relevance&amp;ft=Alma+Thomas&amp;offset=0&amp;rpp=20&amp;pos=1|title=The Metropolitan Museum of Art|website=metmuseum.org/art/collection|access-date=2017-01-29}}</ref> * ''Starry Night and the Astronauts'' (1972), [[Art Institute of Chicago]]<ref name=artic/> *''Fiery Sunset'' (1973), [[Museum of Modern Art]], New York<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.moma.org/collection/works/191855|title=Alma Woodsey Thomas. Fiery Sunset. 1973 &#124; MoMA|website=The Museum of Modern Art}}</ref> * ''Spring Embraces Yellow'' (1973), [[University of Iowa Stanley Museum of Art]], [[Iowa City]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://digital.lib.uiowa.edu/islandora/object/ui:uima_22986|title=Spring Embraces Yellow &#124; The University of Iowa Libraries|website=digital.lib.uiowa.edu}}</ref> * ''Wind and Crêpe Myrtle Concerto'' (1973), Smithsonian American Art Museum, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. * ''Wind Sparkling Dew and Green Grass'' (1973), [[Fort Wayne Museum of Art]], [[Indiana]] *''Hydrangeas Spring Song'' (1976), [[Philadelphia Museum of Art]]<ref>[http://www.philamuseum.org/collections/permanent/128105.html?mulR=1157462711|1 "Hydrangeas Spring Song"], Philadelphia Museum of Art. Retrieved October 17, 2018.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.philamuseum.org/collections/permanent/128105.html|title=Philadelphia Museum of Art - Collections Object : Hydrangeas Spring Song|website=www.philamuseum.org|access-date=2025-11-08|archive-date=2021-01-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210123081518/https://philamuseum.org/collections/permanent/128105.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> *''Red Azaleas Singing and Dancing Rock and Roll Music'' (1976), Smithsonian American Art Museum, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://americanart.si.edu/artwork/red-azaleas-singing-and-dancing-rock-and-roll-music-24017|title=Red Azaleas Singing and Dancing Rock and Roll Music &#124; Smithsonian American Art Museum|website=americanart.si.edu}}</ref> * ''White Roses Sing and Sing'' (1976), Smithsonian American Art Museum, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://americanart.si.edu/artwork/white-roses-sing-and-sing-24027|title=White Roses Sing and Sing &#124; Smithsonian American Art Museum|website=americanart.si.edu}}</ref> * ''Untitled: Music Series'' (1978), Smithsonian American Art Museum, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://americanart.si.edu/artwork/untitled-music-series-24025|title=Untitled (Music Series) &#124; Smithsonian American Art Museum|website=americanart.si.edu}}</ref> {{Div col end}} Alma Thomas Teen Umwanya muri Martin Luther King Jr. Urwibutso rwibutso rwitiriwe izina rye. == Inyandiko == {{Reflist|group=note}} == Reba == == Bibliografiya == * Patton, Sharon F. ''Ubuhanzi bwa Afurika-Amerika.'' Oxford: Itangazamakuru rya kaminuza ya Oxford (1998). [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-01-92842-13-8|<bdi>978-01-92842-13-8</bdi>]] * "Impapuro za Alma Thomas, 1894-2000". ''[https://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/alma-thomas-papers-9241 Kubona Imfashanyo.]'' Ububiko bwubuhanzi bwabanyamerika, Ikigo cya Smithsonian. == Ibindi gusoma == * {{Cite web |last=Elizabeth Hamilton |date=15 Mar 2022 |title=Alma Thomas Was the Godmother of Afrofuturism |url=https://www.harpersbazaar.com/culture/art-books-music/a39382593/alma-thomas-was-the-godmother-of-afrofuturism/ |website=Harpers Bazaar}} * {{Cite web |last=Ken Johnson |date=4 Aug 2016 |title='Alma Thomas,' an Incandescent Pioneer |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/05/arts/design/alma-thomas-an-incandescent-pioneer.html |website=The New York Times}} * {{Cite book |last=Berry |first=Ian |date=2016 |title=Alma Thomas |last2=Haynes |first2=Lauren |publisher=Prestel |isbn=978-3791355719}} * {{Cite news |last=Dobrzynski |first=Judith H. |date=1 March 2016 |title='Alma Thomas' Review |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/alma-thomas-review-1456869006 |work=WSJ |id={{ProQuest|1769027434}}}}<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles> * ''Alma W. Thomas: A Retrospective of the Paintings''. Fort Wayne: Fort Wayne Museum of Art (1998).  [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/0-7649-0686-0|<bdi>0-7649-0686-0</bdi>]] * Foresta, Merry A. ''A Life in Art: Alma Thomas, 1891-1978''. Published for the National Museum of American Art by the Smithsonian Institution Press, 1981.  [[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]]&nbsp;[[oclc:927776976|927776976]] * ''Alma Thomas''. New York: Whitney Museum of American Art (1972).  [[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]]&nbsp;[[oclc:53302446|53302446]] == Ihuza ryo hanze == [[Ikiciro:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 3rx6d7ppsqdu0mlzaxmk54xl0dd8noz 0 22565 133702 132162 2026-07-09T10:10:12Z B.Scalling 15089 133702 wikitext text/x-wiki == jenoside <ref>[[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994]]</ref> == Ni ubwicanyi bwateguwe kandi bugakorwa bugamije kurimbura itsinda ry’abantu binzirakarengane hashingiwe ku bwoko bwabo, akarere bakomokamo, ibara ryuruhu nibindi baba batarahisemo bo ubwabo.Urugero rukomeye ni [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994]], yabaye hagati ya Mata na Nyakanga 1994 ya tangiye ku wa 7 mata, aho [[Abatutsi]] barenga miliyoni bishwe bazira uko bavutse. Mu rwego rwo gusigasira ayo mateka asharira igihugu cyanyuzemo hari zimwe mu nzibutso za jenocide yakorewe abatutsi mu [[Rwanda]] Zubatswe twavugamo: # [[Dosiye:Genocide Memorial site of Gisozi Kigali Genocide Memorial 009.jpg|thumb|URWIBUTSO RWA JENOCIDE YAKOREWE ABATUTSI 1994 RWA GISOZI]]Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kigali<ref>[[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kigali]] </ref>:Urwibutso ndetse ari nayo nzu ibitse amateka iri ku [[Akarere ka Gasabo|Gisozi]] nk' iminota icumi uvuye hagati mu mugi wa Kigali. # Urwibutso rwa jenocide rwa bisesero<ref>[[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Bisesero]] </ref>:urwibutso ruherereye hafi y’umujyi wa Kibuye, mu karere ka [[Akarere ka Karongi|Karongi]] mu Ntara y’Iburengerazuba bw’u [[Rwanda]]. # [[Dosiye:Genocide memorial of Nyamata.jpg|thumb|URWIBUTSO RWA NYAMATA]]Urwibutso rwa jenocide rwa nyamata<ref>[[Urwibutso rwa jenocide rwa Nyamata]] </ref>:ruherereye mu Murenge wa Nyamata, mu karere ka [[Akarere ka Bugesera|Bugesera]], mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba|Ntara y'Iburasirazuba]]. # [[Dosiye:Bisesero Genocide Memorial Centre 01.jpg|thumb|URWIBUTSO RWA BISESERO]]Urwibutso rwa jenocide rwa Bisesero<ref>[[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Bisesero]]</ref>:ruherereye hafi y’umujyi wa Kibuye, mu karere ka [[Akarere ka Karongi|Karongi]] mu ntara y’Iburengerazuba bw’u [[Rwanda]]. # Urwibutso rwa jenocide rwa Ntarama<ref>[[Dosiye:Exterior of Ntarama Genocide Memorial Site - Rwanda - 01.jpg|thumb|Urwibutso rwa jenoside rwa Ntarama]] [[Urwibutso rwa jenoside rwa Ntarama]]</ref>:ruherereye mu murenge wa ntarama mu karere ka [[Akarere ka Bugesera|bugesera]] mu intara y'Iburasirazuba. # [[Dosiye:Rwandan Genocide Murambi skulls.jpg|thumb|URWIBUTSO RWA JENOCIDEYAKOREWEABATUTSI 1994 RWA MURAMBI]]'''Urwibutso rwa jenocide rwa Murambi'''<ref>[[Dosiye:RW Murambi (1) (16638079334).jpg|thumb]] [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Murambi]]</ref>:rumwe mu nzibutso z’ingenzi zibitse amateka ya [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]] mu 1994 mu [[Rwanda]]. Ruherereye mu majyepfo y’u [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda,]] hafi y’umujyi wa Nyamagabe umurenge wa Cyanika, akagari ka Murambi, mu mudugudu wa Gasiza.<ref>[[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Murambi#cite note-1]]</ref> # '''Urwibutso rwa jenocide rwa kibeho''':Urwibutso rwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi rwa Kibeho ruherereye mu [[Umurenge wa Kibeho|Murenge wa Kibeho]], mu [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Ntara y'Amajyepfo]]. Urwibutso rwubatswe hafi cyangwa muri Kiliziya ya Kibeho ([https://www.radiomariakibeho.rw/rw/i-kibeho-bikira-mariya-yaje-kudukangurira-kwicuza-kwusubiraho-no-guhinduka/ Paruwasi ya Kibeho]) # '''Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Rebero'''<ref>[[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Rebero]]</ref>''':'''ruherereye mu Murenge wa Kigarama, [[Akarere ka Kicukiro]], mu Mujyi wa [[Kigali]]. # '''Urwibutso rw'ingabo z'ababirigi rwa Camp Kigali'''<ref>[[Urwibutso rw'ingabo z'ababirigi rwa Camp Kigali]]</ref>:ruherereye mu murenge wa kiyovu akagali [[Akarere ka Nyarugenge|akarere ka nyarugenge]] mu mugi wa [[Kigali|Kigali.]] # '''urwibutso rwa jenocide rwa bigogwe'''<ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/muri-afurika/u-rwanda/article/rubavu-imirimo-yo-kuvugurura-urwibutso-rwa-bigogwe-yatwaye-asaga-miliyari-1-4</ref>:ruherereye mu Kagari ka Nyamirango, [[Umurenge wa Kanzenze]] mu Karere ka [[Umujyi wa Rubavu|Rubavu]]. # '''Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa''' '''cyanika'''<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/kwibuka/article/urwibutso-rwa-jenoside-rwa-cyanika-rugiye-gutahwa-ku-mugaragaro</ref>''':''' ruherereye mu murenge wa Cyanika, [[Akarere ka Nyamagabe]] mu ntara y'amajyepfo. # '''Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa''' '''Gashirabwa'''<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/kwibuka/article/barifuza-ko-urwibutso-rwa-gashirabwoba-rwashyirwa-mu-murage-w-isi</ref> ''':''' ruherereye Umudugudu wa Ruhinga ya II mu Kagari ka Kagatamu,.mu Murenge wa Bushenge, [[Akarere ka Nyamasheke]], [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba]]. # '''Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa''' '''gahanga'''<ref>https://www.kicukiro.gov.rw/soma-ibindi/gahanga-abaturage-basabwe-kurwanya-ingengabitekerezo-ya-jenoside</ref> ''':''' ruherereye mu Murenge wa Gahanga, [[akarere ka Kicukiro]], mu mujyi wa [[Kigali Convention Centre|Kigali]].[https://umuseke.rw/kicukiro-imibiri-10224-yabazize-jenoside-yimuriwe-mu-rwibutso-rwa-gahanga/] # '''Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa''' '''musanze'''<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/mu-rwanda/article/urwibutso-rwa-jenoside-rwa-musanze-rugeze-kuri-80-rushyirwamo-ibimenyetso-ndangamateka</ref>''':'''ruherereye mu [[Umurenge wa Muhoza|Murenge wa Muhoza]], Akagari ka Ruhengeri mu karere ka [[Akarere ka Musanze|musanze.]] # '''Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa''' '''mvuzo'''<ref>https://www.northernprovince.gov.rw/ibindi/kwibuka29-ku-rwibutso-rwa-jenoside-rwa-mvuzo-hashyinguwe-mu-cyubahiro-imibiri-itatu-yabazize-jenoside-yakorewe-abatutsi</ref>:ruherereye mu [[Umurenge wa Murambi|Murenge wa Murambi]], mu Karere ka [[Akarere ka Rulindo|Rulindo]], mu [[Intara y’Amajyaruguru y’u Rwanda|Ntara y'Amajyaruguru]]. # '''Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa''' '''mugonero'''<ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/article/karongi-hibutswe-inzirakarengane-za-jenoside-ziciwe-ahitwa-mugonero</ref>''':'''ruherereye mu Karere ka [[Akarere ka Karongi|Karongi]], [https://www.karongi.gov.rw/akarere/imirenge-nutugari Umurenge wa Gishyita], hafi y'[https://www.igihe.com/ubuzima/article/ab-i-ngoma-bashobora-kubona-ibitaro-bishya-by-akarere ibitaro bya Ngoma]. # '''Urwibutso rwa Jenoside''' '''rwa kaduha:'''ruherereye mu [https://www.nyamagabe.gov.rw/default-title-9/mu-murenge-wa-kaduha-hasorejwe-ukwezi-k-ubumwe-n-ubudaheranwa-bw-abanyarwanda Murenge wa Kaduha], [[Akarere ka Nyamagabe]], mu Ntara y'Amajyepfo mu [[Rwanda]]. # '''Urwibutso rwa Jenoside''' '''rwa Mutete'''<ref>[[Urwibutso rwa jenocide rwa mutete]] </ref>''':'''Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Mutete ruherereye mu [[Umurenge wa mutete|murenge wa Mutete]], mu Karere ka [[Akarere ka Gicumbi|Gicumbi]], mu ntara y’Amajyaruguru y’u [[Rwanda]]. # '''Urwibutso rwa Jenoside''' '''rwa gisuna'''<ref>[[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Gisuna]]</ref>''':'''Urwibutso rwa Gisuna ruherereye mu karere ka [[Akarere ka Gicumbi|Gicumbi]], mu murenge wa [[Byumba]], ahahoze ari [[Byumba|Perefegitura ya Byumba]] # '''Urwibutso rwa Jenoside''' '''rwa Ngororero:'''ruherereye mu Murenge wa [https://www.ngororero.gov.rw/news-detail-1/umurenge-wa-muhororo-bralirwa-yabahaye-urumuri Muhororo], mu Kagari ka Rususa, mu Mudugudu wa Kabagari mu Karere ka [[Akarere ka Ngororero|Ngororero]]. # '''Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Gashora'''<ref>'''Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Gashora'''</ref>:ruherereye mu Karere ka Bugesera, rushyinguyemo imibiri isaga 5,200 y'Abatutsi bazize [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside]] yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994 == Amashakiro == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Urutonde rw'inzibutso za jenoside mu Rwanda]] 0oozvqwan81yayye8tsghmb3ci0rw5r 0 22948 133703 132449 2026-07-09T10:20:00Z Philemon Niyomwungeli 11747 133703 wikitext text/x-wiki == '''Ubwenge Buhangano niki?''' == Ubwenge Buhangano (AI) ni ikoranabuhanga rituma imashini cyangwa mudasobwa zishobora gutekereza, kwiga, no gukora imirimo isanzwe ikorwa n'ubwenge bw'abantu , AI mu Rwanda ni rimwe mu mashami y'ikoranabuhanga arimo kwihutisha iterambere mu nzego zitandukanye zirimo ubuzima, uburezi, ubuhinzi, n'imiyoborere. Guverinoma y'u Rwanda yashyizeho politiki zigamije gushyigikira ishoramari muri uru rwego no guhugura urubyiruko kugira ngo igihugu kibe ihuriro ry'ikoranabuhano ku Isi<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/mu-rwanda/article/mu-rwanda-hagiye-gushyirwaho-ikigo-gishinzwe-ikoranabuhanga-ry-ubwenge-buhangano</ref> U Rwanda na UAE byashyize umukono ku masezerano i Dubai ku wa 31 Nyakanga 2025 agamije guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga no gushyira mu bikorwa amahame ya C4IR. Aya masezerano ashyigikira gahunda ya NST2 y’u Rwanda igamije kwihutisha iterambere ry’ubukungu bushingiye ku ikoranabuhanga kandi muri iyo gahunda, abantu babarirwa muri miliyoni, cyane cyane urubyiruko, bazahabwa amasomo ya coding mu myaka itanu iri imbere, mu gihe abandi ibihumbi 500 bazahugurwa ku rwego rwo hejuru mu ikoranabuhanga hagamijwe kongera ubumenyi n’ubushobozi bwabo<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/mu-rwanda/article/mu-rwanda-hagiye-gushyirwaho-ikigo-gishinzwe-ikoranabuhanga-ry-ubwenge-buhangano</ref> == '''Ese ubwenge Buhangano Busasimbura Umuntu?''' == Ubwenge buhangano (AI) ntibuzasimbura ubwenge bwa muntu cyangwa abarimu, ahubwo buzabafasha gukora akazi kabo neza kandi vuba. Ibi byagarutsweho n’impuguke mu kiganiro EdTech Monday, zigaragaza ko AI ifasha abarimu gukurikirana imyigire y’abanyeshuri no gukosora imikoro mu gihe gito, ariko ko icyemezo cya nyuma n’ubusesenguzi bikomeza gukorwa n’umuntu, n'ubwo u Rwanda rukomeje guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga no guhugura abarimu benshi ku ikoreshwa rya AI mu burezi, haracyari imbogamizi zirimo ibura ry’ububiko buhagije bw’amakuru (Data Centre). Impuguke zirasaba abanyeshuri n’abarimu gukomeza kwihugura mu ikoranabuhanga no gukoresha AI nk’igikoresho kibafasha, aho kubifata nk’ikizasimbura abantu<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/mu-rwanda/article/ntabwo-ubwenge-buhangano-bwasimbura-ubwa-muntu-impuguke</ref> == '''Ubwenge Buhangano mu Itangazamakuru''' == Ubwenge buhangano (AI) bukomeje guhindura uburyo itangazamakuru rikora, bufasha mu gukusanya, gutunganya no gutangaza amakuru mu buryo bwihuse kandi bunoze. Nubwo iri koranabuhanga ritanga amahirwe menshi yo koroshya akazi no kongera umusaruro, impuguke zigaragaza ko ridashobora gusimbura burundu abanyamakuru. Ahubwo AI ikwiye gukoreshwa nk’igikoresho kibafasha gukora neza no gutanga amakuru ku gihe, mu gihe umuntu akomeza kugira uruhare rukomeye mu kugenzura no gufata ibyemezo bya nyuma. Ibi bituma amahame y’itangazamakuru, arimo ukuri, ubwizerwe n’ubunyamwuga, akomeza kubahirizwa nubwo ikoranabuhanga rikomeje gutera imbere<ref>https://www.igihe.com/ikoranabuhanga/article/ubwenge-buhangano-inkota-y-amugi-abiri-ku-itangazamakuru-ry-ubu</ref> == Amashakiro == 0jjro468xibx8irlu7ovxdwtr6pegqn 0 23010 133680 2026-07-08T12:09:04Z Mugishafils 18401 Created page with "== Ibiciro by'ibikomoka kuri peteroli == Ibiciro by'lbikomoka kuri peteroli byari bimaze igihe byaratumbagiye bishobora kuba bigiye kugabanuka nyuma yo kubona ko hashobora kuba hagiye kugaruka amahoro mu gice cy'uburasirazuba bwisi . Mu munsi ishize nibwo perezida w'igihugu cya Leta zunze ubumwe za America Donald Trump yagaragaje hashobora kuba hagiye kubaho agahenge ku macyimbirane yarahaze igihe avugwa hagati y'igihugu cye ndetse na Iran.[https://radiotv10.rw/ibiciro..." 133680 wikitext text/x-wiki == Ibiciro by'ibikomoka kuri peteroli == Ibiciro by'lbikomoka kuri peteroli byari bimaze igihe byaratumbagiye bishobora kuba bigiye kugabanuka nyuma yo kubona ko hashobora kuba hagiye kugaruka amahoro mu gice cy'uburasirazuba bwisi . Mu munsi ishize nibwo perezida w'igihugu cya Leta zunze ubumwe za America Donald Trump yagaragaje hashobora kuba hagiye kubaho agahenge ku macyimbirane yarahaze igihe avugwa hagati y'igihugu cye ndetse na Iran.[https://radiotv10.rw/ibiciro-byibikomoka-kuri-peteroli-byahise-bigabanuka-nyuma-yitangazwa-ryigitanga-icyizere-cyamahoro/] Nyuma yicyo gihe igiciro cy'ibikomoka kuri peteroli cyaragabanyutse kugera kigwa munsi y'amadorali ijana ku kagunguru. Ibi bije nyuma yuko bamwe badatinya kuvugango Ari ingaruka nziza ry'ifungurwa ry'umuhora wa Hormuzi. Iri gabanuka r'ibikomoka kuri peteroli ribayeho nyuma yuko habayeho kwiyongera kw' ibi bikciro bibayeho mu ntangiriro z'umwaka nyuma yotangira ry'intambara ya Iran na Leta zunze ubumwe z'America yatangiye 28 Gashyantare yabangamiye urujya nuruza rw'amato anyura mu muhora wa Hormuzi acamo ahasaga kimwe cya gatanu kibikomoka kuri [https://kigalitoday.com/ubukungu/ubucuruzi/article/ibiciro-by-ibikomoka-kuri-peteroli-byatumye-ibindi-bicuruzwa-bizamukaho-11-5 peteroli] == Amashakiro == https://kigalitoday.com/ubukungu/ubucuruzi/article/ibiciro-by-ibikomoka-kuri-peteroli-byatumye-ibindi-bicuruzwa-bizamukaho-11-5 https://kigalitoday.com/ubukungu/ubucuruzi/article/ibiciro-by-ibikomoka-kuri-peteroli-byatumye-ibindi-bicuruzwa-bizamukaho-11-5 cyp6shgwc126z4a2vtl9btxh4jfls0q 0 23011 133683 2026-07-08T13:14:47Z Mugishafils 18401 Created page with "Igikombe cy' isi Kiri kuber mu bihugu bitatu aribyo Leta zunze ubumwe z' America , Canada na Mexico Kiri kugaragaramo amategeko mashya agenda imisifurire ataregeze akoreshwa mu bindi bikombe byisi bya ahashishize .<ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/imikino/football/article/amategeko-arindwi-mashya-y-imisifurire-azakurikizwa-mu-gikombe-cy-isi-cya-2026</ref> == Amategeko mashya y'Imisifurire == === Gutinda gutera umupira(gutera koruneri cyangwa gutangira umukino) === mu gihe..." 133683 wikitext text/x-wiki Igikombe cy' isi Kiri kuber mu bihugu bitatu aribyo Leta zunze ubumwe z' America , Canada na Mexico Kiri kugaragaramo amategeko mashya agenda imisifurire ataregeze akoreshwa mu bindi bikombe byisi bya ahashishize .<ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/imikino/football/article/amategeko-arindwi-mashya-y-imisifurire-azakurikizwa-mu-gikombe-cy-isi-cya-2026</ref> == Amategeko mashya y'Imisifurire == === Gutinda gutera umupira(gutera koruneri cyangwa gutangira umukino) === mu gihe umukinnyi agiye gutera koruneri cyangwa se giutangira umupira umusifuzi ashobora kubara amasegonda 5, iyo umukinnyi atubahirije igihe , umupira uhabwa ikipe bahanganye. === Gusimbuza abakinnyi === umukinnyi usimbuwe agomba kuba mu kibuga vuba mu masegonda 10 , bitabaye ibyo usimbuza ashobora gutegereza igihe runaka mbere yo kwinjira kandi imikino wakomeje.<ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/imikino/football/article/amategeko-mashya-y-imisifurire-mu-gikombe-cy-isi-cya-2026</ref> === Kuvurwa mu kibuga === umukinnyi wo hanze amaze kuvurwa agomba kumara akanya gato hanze mbere yo kongera kwinjira ,kugirango hatagira abakinnyi bakoresha imvune mu gutinda umukino.<ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/imikino/football/article/amategeko-arindwi-mashya-y-imisifurire-azakurikizwa-mu-gikombe-cy-isi-cya-2026</ref> === Igihe cyo gufata umupira kumuzamu === umuzamu ntagomba gukomeza gufata umupira mu ntoki igihe kirekire, iyo arengeje igihe cyagenwe aricyo amasegonda umunani koruneri ishobora guhabwa ikipe bahanganye<ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/imikino/football/article/amategeko-mashya-y-imisifurire-mu-gikombe-cy-isi-cya-2026</ref> Ayo namwe mu mategeko amwe yashyizweho muri iki gikombe cy'isi yaba areba abakinnyi, abatoza ndetse najyanye mu bice bimwe na bimwe by' umukino == Amashakiro == fcsplgut9e85ruxzavumstxl3lyn3hm 0 23012 133704 2026-07-09T10:22:23Z Mugishafils 18401 Created page with "== Kuri uyu wa 8 Nyakanga 2026 habaye ibitero bisya hagati ya America na Iran == Mu minsi ya vuba , umwuka mubi hagati ya Leta zunze ubumwe z'America na Iran wongeye gukomera cyane .Raporo zigaragaza ko habayeho ibitero bishya hagati y'impande zombi , ndetse n'ibikangisho byo gukomeza ibikorwa bya gisirikare , ibintu byashyize mu kaga umuhora wa horumuz, inzira inyuramo igice kinini cy'ubucuruzwa bwa peteroli ku isi.<ref name=":0">https://umuseke.rw/iran-na-amerika-byong..." 133704 wikitext text/x-wiki == Kuri uyu wa 8 Nyakanga 2026 habaye ibitero bisya hagati ya America na Iran == Mu minsi ya vuba , umwuka mubi hagati ya Leta zunze ubumwe z'America na Iran wongeye gukomera cyane .Raporo zigaragaza ko habayeho ibitero bishya hagati y'impande zombi , ndetse n'ibikangisho byo gukomeza ibikorwa bya gisirikare , ibintu byashyize mu kaga umuhora wa horumuz, inzira inyuramo igice kinini cy'ubucuruzwa bwa peteroli ku isi.<ref name=":0">https://umuseke.rw/iran-na-amerika-byongeye-kurasana/</ref> America yagabye ibitero byinshi byo mu kirere ku birindiro bya gisirikare bya iran, ivuga ko byari igisubizo ku bitero bya Iran yari yagabye ku mato y'ubucuruzi anyura mu muhora wa Hormuz. Ibi bitero byibasiye ibikorwa by'ubwirinzi bwo mu kirere , radari, ububiko bwa missile n'ibindi bikorwa remezo bya gisisrikare.<ref name=":0" /> Iran yahise isubiza irasa missile n'indege zitagira abapilote ku birindiro by'America biri muri Kuwait na Bahrain, inavuga ko ishobora kwagura ibitero n'ibikomeza. Pwerezida wa Leta zunze ubumwe z'America Donald Trump yavuze ko amasezerano y' agahenge yari arangiye , ariko asiga umuryango ufunguye ku biganiro by'amahoro mu gihe Iran yahagarika ibikorwa byayo. ibi byatumye impungenge z'uko intambara ishobora gukwira mu karere zongera kwiyongera.<ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/mu-mahanga/article/iran-yongeye-gukozanyaho-na-amerika-trump-yemeza-ko-agahenge-karangiye</ref> == Amashakiro == orlstv4rgud1ux5xr58d4dgatvc3hu8 0 23013 133705 2026-07-09T10:50:59Z Mugishafils 18401 Created page with "The Polygamist ni filime y'uruhererekane yo muri Afurika y'Epfo yasohotse kurubuga rwa Netflix ku wa 12 Kamena 2026. Yubakiye ku gitabo cyanditswe na Sue Nyathi , ikaba igizwe n'ibice 22. Inkuru yayo ikaba ishingiye ku mugabo Jonasi Gomora , Umucuruzi w'icyamamre wubatse ubukungu bukomeye ariko ubuzima bwe bwo murugo burasenyuka kubera kugira abagore n'abakunzi benshi. Abagore be batangira kurwanira urukundo , ubutegetsi n'umutungo ibintu bikurura amabanga , ubuhemu n'in..." 133705 wikitext text/x-wiki The Polygamist ni filime y'uruhererekane yo muri Afurika y'Epfo yasohotse kurubuga rwa Netflix ku wa 12 Kamena 2026. Yubakiye ku gitabo cyanditswe na Sue Nyathi , ikaba igizwe n'ibice 22. Inkuru yayo ikaba ishingiye ku mugabo Jonasi Gomora , Umucuruzi w'icyamamre wubatse ubukungu bukomeye ariko ubuzima bwe bwo murugo burasenyuka kubera kugira abagore n'abakunzi benshi. Abagore be batangira kurwanira urukundo , ubutegetsi n'umutungo ibintu bikurura amabanga , ubuhemu n'intambara z'imbere mu muryango.<ref name=":0">https://bwiza.com/hamenyekanye-amafaranga-bivugwa-ko-abakinnyi-ba-filime-the-polygamist-bahembwe/</ref> == Uduhigo imaze guca == Mu gihe gito imaze , The polygamist yabaye imwe muri filime 10 za Netflix zirikurebwa cyane ku isi, ndetse yigeze no kugera ku mwanya wa 3 ku rutonde rwiziri kurebwa cyane ku isi . Mu cyumweru cya kabiri nyuma yo gusohoka , yarebwe inshuro zingana na milliyoni 7.7 ku rwego rw'isi , iza ku mwanya wa 2 muri filime z'uruhererekane zitari mu cyongerereza zirikureba kuri uru rubuga.<ref name=":0" /> Mu byumweru bine imaze ,ikomeje kuguma muri 10 zambere za Netflix ku isi , yanashimwe n'abasesenguzi ba filime, aho Rotten Tomatoes amanota 75 ku isuzuma ry'ubusesenguzi. ibibyatumwe iba imwe muri filime z'uruhererekane zo muri Afurika y'Epfo zakunzwe cyane kuri Netflix muri 2026.<ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/sinema/article/umusogongero-wa-the-polygamist-filime-ikomeje-gukora-ku-marangamutima-ya-benshi</ref> == Amashakiro == rgjau8c5ca78hgs6z3p63e35khaeghj 0 23014 133706 2026-07-09T11:09:50Z Mugishafils 18401 Created page with "== Byinshi kubyo wamenya kuri ibi bitaramo == The summer country tour ni uruhererekane rw'iitaramo byahuriyemo abakanzi bane bakomeye mu Rwanda bayobowe na Bluce Melodie, The ben bafatanyije na Bwiza ndetse na Kitoko. Ibi bitaramo byatangiye tariki ya 13 Kamena aho byabereye i Musanze , 20 Kamena i Nyagatare, 27 kamena Bugesera bisorezwa i Rubavu 4 Nyakanga .<ref name=":0">https://mobile.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/the-ben-na-bruce-melodie-besuraniye-i-musanze-ibitara..." 133706 wikitext text/x-wiki == Byinshi kubyo wamenya kuri ibi bitaramo == The summer country tour ni uruhererekane rw'iitaramo byahuriyemo abakanzi bane bakomeye mu Rwanda bayobowe na Bluce Melodie, The ben bafatanyije na Bwiza ndetse na Kitoko. Ibi bitaramo byatangiye tariki ya 13 Kamena aho byabereye i Musanze , 20 Kamena i Nyagatare, 27 kamena Bugesera bisorezwa i Rubavu 4 Nyakanga .<ref name=":0">https://mobile.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/the-ben-na-bruce-melodie-besuraniye-i-musanze-ibitaramo-bya-summer-country-tour</ref> Ibi bitaramo byabaye ibitaramo byambere bizenguruka igihugu bigaragayemo umuhanzi The ben ibintu byari bimaze bvisabwa n'abafana benshi. Igitaramo cya nyuma cyabereye i Rubavu cyitabiriwe n'ibihumbio by'abafana barimo nabaturutse mu gihugu cyigituranyi vya Repubulika iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo bituma kiba kimwe mu byitabiriwe cyane mu bindi byose.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imyidagaduro/muzika/article/ab-i-rubavu-bitabye-karame-igitaramo-cya-summer-country-tour-amafoto</ref> == Impaka hagati y'abafana == Ikigitaramo cyirangiye gisize impaka hagati y'abafana ba bahanzi babiri bakomeye hano mu Rwanda aribo Bluce Melodie ndetse na The ben aho abafana babo bagiya bagaraga mu ntambara z'amagambo aho buri ruhande ruhamya ko ari rwo rwitwaye neza muri ibi bitaramo by'uruhererekane. iki kikaba kiri no mubyatumye ikigitaramo kivugwa cyane ku mbuga nkoranya mbaga<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == qsenxnrzmy8ksgbxlpruzdp6i0ll8q1 0 23015 133707 2026-07-09T11:32:14Z Mugishafils 18401 Created page with "MTN I wacu na Muzika Festival ni kimwe mu bitaramo bikomeye kandi bimaze igihe kinini mu Rwanda . Bitegurwa na East African Promoters (EAP) kubufatanye na MTN Rwanda , bikaba byaratangiye muri 2019 hagamijwe kugeza imyidagaduro ku baturage bo hirya no hino mu gihugu no guteza imbere umuziki nyarwanda .<ref name=":0">https://mobile.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/butera-knowless-yaririmbye-i-muhanga-mu-gitaramo-cya-mtn-iwacu-muzika-festival</ref> == Bimwe mu byaranze bino..." 133707 wikitext text/x-wiki MTN I wacu na Muzika Festival ni kimwe mu bitaramo bikomeye kandi bimaze igihe kinini mu Rwanda . Bitegurwa na East African Promoters (EAP) kubufatanye na MTN Rwanda , bikaba byaratangiye muri 2019 hagamijwe kugeza imyidagaduro ku baturage bo hirya no hino mu gihugu no guteza imbere umuziki nyarwanda .<ref name=":0">https://mobile.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/butera-knowless-yaririmbye-i-muhanga-mu-gitaramo-cya-mtn-iwacu-muzika-festival</ref> == Bimwe mu byaranze bino bitaramo mu myaka itandukanye == Ibi bitaramo bimaze kwitabirwa n'abahanzi bakomeye mu njyana zitandukanye harimo nka Bluce melodie, king james, Chriss Eazy, Juno Kizigenza , Kivumbi king ndetse n'abandi. Byinshi muri ibi bitaramo byabaye ubuntu , igice cya VIP kikishyurwa make kugirango abantu benshi babashe kubyitabira.<ref name=":0" /> == MTN Iwacu na Muzika Festival 2026 == Muri uyumwaka ibi bitaramo bizenguruka igihugu bizabera Huye , Ngoma , Nyagatare, Karongi, Muhanga, Musanze na Rubavu . Umuhanzi kevin kade yagombaga kwitabira ariko aza kubivamo kubera impamvu z'uburwayi asimburwa n'abahanzi babiri aribo Amalon na Kivumbi king. Muri uyu mwaka ibi bitaramo byashyizwemo agashya aho hiyongereyemo n'abahanzi batwaye irushanwa rya Primus Guma Guma Super Star(PGGSS)<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imyidagaduro/muzika/article/kevin-kade-ntakitabiriye-ibitaramo-bya-iwacu-muzika-festival</ref> == Amashakiro == sm4y7gisvrjbvfdqm9jdqj556ek4v3p