Wikipedia rwwiki https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intangiriro MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.12 first-letter Itangazamakuru Ibidasanzwe Ibiganiro Umukoresha Ibiganiro by'umukoresha Wikipedia Ibiganiro kuri Wikipedia Dosiye Ibiganiro kuri dosiye MediyaWiki Ibiganiro kuri MediyaWiki Inyandikorugero Ibiganiro ku nyandikorugero Ubufasha Ibiganiro ku bufasha Ikiciro Ibiganiro ku byiciro TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 1651 133998 130984 2026-07-22T10:20:59Z Igiraneza Divine 15375 Impinduka ntoya 133998 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Afurika in Motion''' ( '''AiM''' ) yari iserukiramuco rya firime ngaruka mwaka ryabereye muri Edinburgh, muri otcosse, mu mpera z'Ukwakira / mu ntangiriro z'Ugushyingo. Intego y'ibanze yiri serukiramuco kwari uguha abitabiriye Scotland amahirwe yo kureba ibyiza bya sinema nyafurika kuva ku mugabane. AiM 2021 izaba ku nshuro ya 16 yerekana sinema nyafurika, ahazabera ahakorerwa cyane ni Sinema ya Sinema ya Edinburgh . Iri serukiramuco ryashinzwe mu 2006 na Lizelle Bisschoff, umushakashatsi wo muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika y'Epfo]] ukorera mu [[Ubwongereza|Bwongereza]]. <ref>{{Cite web |title=About |url=https://www.africa-in-motion.org.uk/about/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008121324/https://www.africa-in-motion.org.uk/about/ |archive-date=8 October 2020 |access-date=2020-10-19 |website=Africa in Motion |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Scotland |first=Screen |date=2019-09-30 |title=Africa in Motion Film Festival returns for its 14th edition |url=https://www.screen.scot/news/2019/09/africa-in-motion-film-festival-returns-for-its-14th-edition |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201019173115/https://www.screen.scot/news/2019/09/africa-in-motion-film-festival-returns-for-its-14th-edition |archive-date=19 October 2020 |access-date=2020-10-19 |website=Screen Scotland |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Africa in Motion Case Study – Regional Screen Scotland |url=https://www.regionalscreenscotland.org/case-study/africa-in-motion-case-study/ |access-date=2020-10-19 |language=en-GB}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Theatre |first=Glasgow Film |date=2020-10-19 |title=Scotland's original independent cinema is the |url=https://glasgowfilm.org/shows/africa-in-motion-1 |access-date=2020-10-19 |website=Glasgow Film Theatre |language=en}}</ref> == Gahunda == Gahunda ya AiM ikubiyemo sinema yo muri iki gihe ndetse na kera. Ibyiciro byinshi bya firime bikubiyemo, ibiranga,firime ngufi, documentaire, animasiyo, Nollywood, iziteye ubwoba n'akazi ko kugerageza. Amenshi mu ma filime yerekanwe kuri AiM ntabwo yigeze yerekanwa muri Scotland, bityo iserukiramuco rero ritanga amahirwe kubateze amatwi bo muri Ecosse kureba film nyafurika. AiM 2008 yazengurutse imijyi myinshi yo mu Bwongereza, harimo Bristol, Cambridge, Cardiff, Derby, Dundee, Glasgow, Inverness, Manchester, Newcastle, Sheffield na Stirling . Kuvamu mwaka wa 2009, iriserukiramuco ryazengurutse kandi mu cyaro mumisozi miremire ya Scottish no mu birwa mu Gushyingo nyuma y'ibirori nya mukuru. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Africa in Motion |url=https://vimeo.com/africainmotion |access-date=2020-10-19 |website=Vimeo}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Filmhouse Brochure - November 2018 |url=https://issuu.com/filmhouse/docs/nov18finallowres |access-date=2020-10-19 |website=Issuu |language=en |archive-date=2020-10-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201019144937/https://issuu.com/filmhouse/docs/nov18finallowres |url-status=dead }}</ref> AIM yakiriye amarushanwa ya firime ngufi yerekana ibikorwa by'abakinnyi ba firime bakiri bato bakizamuka muri Afurika, uwatsinze ahabwa igihembo cy'amafaranga. Kwerekana firime biherekejwe n'ibintu bitandukanye, biri mu biganiro nyunguranabitekerezo, amahugurwa, ibitaramo bya muzika nyafurika, imurikagurisha, ibiganiro byo kuvuga inkuru n'ibindi. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Welle (www.dw.com) |first=Deutsche |title=Short film competition "African Women in the time of COVID-19" {{!}} DW {{!}} 10.07.2020 |url=https://www.dw.com/en/short-film-competition-african-women-in-the-time-of-covid-19/a-54114769 |access-date=2020-10-19 |website=DW.COM |language=en-GB}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-12-01 |title=Africa in Motion (AiM) |url=https://www.sustainablefuturesinafrica.com/2017/12/01/africa-in-motion-aim/ |access-date=2020-10-19 |website=Sustainable Futures in Africa |language=en-US |archive-date=2019-07-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190715092244/https://sustainablefuturesinafrica.com/2017/12/01/africa-in-motion-aim/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=2020 Africa in Motion Film Fest to be held online |url=https://www.bizcommunity.com/Article/196/482/208994.html |access-date=2020-10-19 |website=www.bizcommunity.com |language=en}}</ref> Abayobozi batumiwe muri iri serukiramuco harimo Jean-Marie Teno wo muri [[Kameruni]], Gaston Kaboré wo muri Burkinafaso, na Afurika y'Epfo Richard Stanley . <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 September 2008 |title=Director to guest at African film festival |url=http://edinburghnews.scotsman.com/edinburgh/Director-to-guest-at-African.4494839.jp |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081019201837/http://edinburghnews.scotsman.com/edinburgh/Director-to-guest-at-African.4494839.jp |archive-date=19 October 2008 |access-date=2008-10-09 |website=[[Edinburgh Evening News]]}}</ref> Mu mwaka wa 2013, ku nshuro ya mbere, iserukiramuco rya firime enye ninizo mu Bwongereza - Afurika muri Motion (AiM) i Edinburgh / Glasgow, Afurika Ijisho rya Bristol, [[Iserukiramuco rya Filime rya Cambridge|Iserukiramuco rya Filimi rya Cambridge]] na Film Africa, London - ryunzubumwe kugira ngo risangire ama filime n'abakora ama filime mu rwego rwo kuzana sinema zitandukanye zo muri Afurika zo muri iki gihe ku bantu benshi mu Bwongereza. Ibirori byahurije hamwe kugira ngo bazenguruke igice cya firime nshya zamenyekanye cyane muri Afrika. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Rosser |first=Michael |date=2013-10-18 |title=UK's African film festivals unite |url=https://www.screendaily.com/news/uks-african-film-festivals-unite/5062646.article |access-date=2020-10-19 |website=Screen}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=UK African film fests collaborate : Screen Africa : International Broadcast News |url=https://www.4rfv.com/JPA0YJUJZ8GK/uk-african-film-fests-collaborate.htm |access-date=2020-10-19 |website=www.4rfv.com}}</ref> == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[Igikomangoma Kevin I Nyerere]] == Amashakiro; == {{Reflist}} ek40y5rh94npf9srjb66zzp46lf9cll 0 1784 133969 133650 2026-07-22T07:50:28Z Ikirezi Hornella 18415 133969 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|excludeProperties=Q183|useImage=[[File:Porz Germany Bezirksrathaus-Porz-02.jpg|Porz_Germany_Bezirksrathaus-Porz-02]]}} '''[[Ubudage]]''' ni igihugu giherereye ku mugabane w'[[Burayi|Uburayi]], kikaba ari nakimwe mu bihugu 29 bigize umuryango wa Schengen,ugamije koroshya urujya n'uruza rw'abaturage hagati y'ibihugu biwugize, binyuze mu gukuraho igenzurwa rinzwe ku mipaka yabyo.<ref>https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/schengen/visa-policy/applying-schengen-visa_en</ref>[[Dosiye:Germany map.gif|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Reichstag pano.jpg|thumb|abadage]] '''Abadage''' ni abaturage baba mu gihugu cy'[[Ubudage]], umuturage umwe wu budage yitwa umudage n'aho abadage benshi bakitwa Abadage. == IMIKORANIRE == Abadage babashoramari bakorera mu Rwanda, babinyujije mw'ibaruwa yandikiwe ibiro by'[[Ubudage]] bishinzwe ububanyi n'amahanga (Auswärtiges Amt), bigendanye n'ikibazo cya viza cyatewe n'iyirukanwa ry'Abadipolomate<ref name=":0">https://kigalitoday.com/amakuru/mu-rwanda/article/sosiyete-z-abadage-zikorera-mu-rwanda-zibangamiwe-n-uko-abanyarwanda-bazikorera-batabona-viza-z-icyo-gihugu</ref>b'Abadage birukankwe mu Rwanda, kandi aribo bari bafite munshingano ibijyanye no gusaba no gutanga visa za Schengen, bagaragaza ko abazishaka bajya kuri ambasade y'[[Ubudage]] iri i [[Nairobi]]. Abasinye kuri iyo baruwa bagaragaje ko batewe impungenge n'umubano mu bya politiki, utameze neza hagati y'u [[Rwanda]] n'[[Ubudage]], banasaba ko ibiro by'ububanye n'amahanga byakongera gukorera mu Rwanda.<ref name=":0" /> U Rwanda rufatwa nk'umufatanyabikorwa utanga icyizere mu rwego rw'ikoranabuhanga, kuko arigihugu gifite intego yo kuba ihuriro ry'[[IKORANABUHANGA (ubusobanuro)|ikoranabuhanga]] mu karere (Regional IT hub), kandi rugasabwa gukorana na sosiyete zituruka mu mahanga kugira ngo rushobore kugera ku ntego rwihaye. <ref>https://kigalitoday.com/amakuru/mu-rwanda/article/sosiyete-z-abadage-zikorera-mu-rwanda-zibangamiwe-n-uko-abanyarwanda-bazikorera-batabona-viza-z-icyo-gihugu</ref> == UMUBANO WA POLITIKE == Umubano wa dipolomasi hagati y'u Rwanda n'Ubudage watangiye mu mwaka w'i 1962, aho kuva icyo gihe ibihugu byombi byemeranyije kugirana umubano ushingiye kubwizerane ubufatanye n'ubucuti. Buri myaka ibiri, ibihugu byombi bigirana ibiganiro by'ihariye biga kubutwererane mw'iterambere. Leta zombi zemeranya ko ubutwererane bw'[[iterambere]] hagati y'u Rwanda n'Ubudage bukomeza kwibanda ku iterambere ry'ubukungu burambye, amahugurwa n'ikorwa ry'imirimo, kurengera ibidukikije, guteza imbere ingufu zisukuye hamwe na gahunda ya "Just Transition" igamije impinduka ziboneye mu bukungu.<ref>https://www.rwandaingermany.gov.rw/cooperation</ref> == IBIMENYETSO BY'IGIHUGU CY'UBUDAGE == === Ibendera ry'ubudage === Ibendera ry'Ubudage rigizwe n'imirongo itatu(3) itambitse ifite amabara akurikirana, ari yo umukara, umutuku n'umuhondo wa zahabu. Aya mabara afatwa nk'ikimenyetso cy'ubumwe, ubwigenge n'indagagaciro za demokarasi igihugu cyubakiyeho.<ref>https://www.bundestag.de/en/parliament/symbols/anthem</ref> === Ikirango cy'ubudage === Ikirango cy'ubudage kigaragaza kagoma y'umukara iri ku ngabo y'umuhondo wa zahabu. Iyo kagoma izwi ku izina rya "Bundesadler" (Kagoma ya Leta) kandi ni ikimenyetso cy'ubutegetsi, ubusugire n'ubumwe bw'igihugu.<ref>https://www.bundestag.de/en/parliament/symbols/eagle</ref> === Ikarita y'ubudage === Ubudage buherereye mu Burayi bwo hagati. Buharanira imbibi n'ibihugu icyenda birimo [[Danimarike|Danimariki]], [[Polonye]], Repubulika ya Ceki, [[Ositiriya|Otirishe]], [[Ubusuwisi]], [[Ubufaransa]], [[Lugizamburu]], [[Ububiligi]] n'[[Ubuholandi]]. Umurwa mukuru wabwo ni [[Berlin]], ari na wo mujyi munini mu gihugu.<ref>https://www.britannica.com/place/Germany</ref> === Indirimbo y'Igihugu === Indirimbo y'igihugu cy'Ubudage yitwa "'''Das Deutschlandlied'''". Igice cya gatatu cy'iyi ndirimbo ni cyo gikoreshwa ku mugaragaro nk'indirimbo y'igihugu. Gishingiye ku nteruro igira iti "Einigkeit und Recht und Freiheit" , isobanura ubumwe, ubutabera n'ubwisanzure, bikaba ari indagagaciro z'ingenzi igihugu cy'budage cyubakiyeho.<ref>https://www.bundestag.de/en/parliament/symbols/anthem</ref> === Umurwa Mukuru === '''Berlin''' ni umurwa mukuru w'Ubudage kuva mu 1990<ref>https://www.berlin.de/rbmskzl/politik/senatskanzlei/bundesangelegenheiten/hauptstadtvertraege/</ref>, nyuma y'iyongera ry'Ubudage bw'Iburasirazuba n'Uburengerazuba. Ni wo mujyi munini muri icyo gihugu kandi ni cyicaro cya Perezida w' Ubudage, Guverinoma n'Inteko Ishinga Amategeko (Bundestag).<ref>https://www.bundestag.de/en/teasertext-startteaserbildtext-692028?utm_source</ref> == UMUCO W' UBUDAGE == Umuco w'Ubudage urangwa n'amateka maremare arimo ubuhanzi, ubuvanganzo, umuziki, ururimi, indagagaciro n'imigenzo bitandukanye, Bitewe n'imiterere y'intara n'amateka yabwo, uturere dutandukanye tw'Ubudage dufite umwihariko mu muco wabwo. Ubudage kandi bwita ku kubungabunga umurage ndangamuco ugaragara n'udusanzwe, hagamijwe kuwusigasira no kuwugeza ku bisekuru bizaza.<ref>https://www.unesco.de/en/topics/culture/</ref> Ubudage buzwi cyane ku isi kubera umurage wabwo ndangamuco, aho bufite ibikorwa byinshi byanditswe ku Rutonde rw'Umurage w'isi rwa UNESCO ndetse n'imigenzo n'ubumenyi gakondo bifatwa nk'umurage Ndangamuco Utabatika. Umuco wabwo ugaragarira kandi mu muziki, ubuvanganzo, inzu ndangamurage, ibiro gakondo n'imyubakire y'amateka bikomeza gukurura abantu baturutse hirya no hino ku isi.<ref>https://www.unesco.de/en/topics/culture/</ref> === Ururimi === {{stub}} [[Dosiye:Flag of Germany (2004 World Factbook).gif|center|thumb|320x320px|Flag of Germany]] == == * [[Jenoside y’Abayahudi]] [[Category:Abadage| ]] [[Category:Umuryango]] rdjfhk7cnysqd36z1a6yneytrdb55xp 0 2978 134031 132994 2026-07-22T15:05:54Z B.Scalling 15089 134031 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|excludeProperties=Q16602142}} '''Matilda Kalibata''' '''Agnes''' ni Umunyarwandakazi w'inzobere mu bijyanye n'ubuhinzi ndetse akaba yari minisitiri w’[[Ubuhinzi]] n’Ubworozi w'igihugu cy'u Rwanda kuva mu mwaka wa 2008 kugeza mu mwaka wa 2014<ref>[http://www.minagri.gov.rw/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=213&Itemid=276&lang=rw Ministry of Agriculture and Animal Resources] </ref><ref>https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2020/mar/12/un-under-fire-over-choice-of-corporate-puppet-as-envoy-at-key-food-summit</ref>.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20200728204621/https://agra.org/zt_team/dr-agnes-kalibata-2/</ref><ref name=":0">http://www.nasonline.org/programs/awards/2019-nas-awards/Kalibata.html</ref> [[Dosiye:Agnes_Karibata.jpg|thumb|Ifoto ya Agnes kalibata]] [[File:Agnes_Kalibata_2019_(cropped).jpg|thumb|Agnes Kalibata mu mwaka wa 2019 ]] = Ubuzima bwo hambere n'Uburezi = Kalibata yavukiye mu [[Rwanda]] akurira mu buzima bw'impunzi mu gihugu cya [[Ubugande|Uganda]] arerwa n'ababyeyi bari bafite amikoro macye.<ref>https://medium.com/@AGRAAlliance/by-agnes-kalibata-1bfa6118ecad</ref> Yabonye impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu bijyanye na entomologiya na biohimiya, akurikirwa n'impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu buhinzi, haba muri kaminuza ya Makerere yo muri [[Ubugande|Uganda]].<ref name=":1">https://web.archive.org/web/20150719004926/https://ifdc.org/board-of-directors/agnes-kalibata/</ref> Yabonye impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga. muri entomologiya ayikuye muri kaminuza ya Massachusetts Amherst.<ref name=":0" /> Amaze kubona impamyabumenyi mu mwaka wa 2005, yakoze ubushakashatsi mu kigo cy’ubushakashatsi cy’ubuhinzi cya Kawanda n’ikigo mpuzamahanga cy’ubuhinzi bubera mu bice by'ubushyuhe, ku bufatanye na kaminuza ya Makerere ya Uganda na kaminuza ya Massachusetts<ref name=":0" /> = Umwuga = Kalibata yabaye minisitiri w’ubuhinzi n’umutungo w’u [[Rwanda]] kuva mu 2008 kugeza 2014.<ref name=":0" /> Muri manda ye yose, yateje imbere ikoreshwa ry’ubumenyi bushingiye ku bumenyi mu buhinzi mu kongera umusaruro w’ibiribwa no guteza imbere ibiribwa, yibanda ku miryango y'abahinzi.<ref name=":0" /> Yashyize mu bikorwa politiki, igamije guhuza abahinzi n’abaturanyi n’abakiriya, ndetse na gahunda yo guhinga amakoperative, na gahunda yo kugabirana [[inka]] byorohereza imiryango gutunga inka.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |url=https://modernfarmer.com/2013/10/rwandas-ag-minister-agnes-matilda-kalibata/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-07-31 |archive-date=2023-04-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230424100909/https://modernfarmer.com/2013/10/rwandas-ag-minister-agnes-matilda-kalibata/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Mu myaka itandatu yari minisitiri, urwego rw’ubukene mu Rwanda rwaragabanutse hejuru ya 50%; ingengo y’imari y’ubuhinzi y’umwaka yavuye kuri miliyoni 10 US $ igera kuri miliyoni 150 USD; n'u Rwanda rwabaye [[igihugu]] cya mbere cyashyize umukono ku masezerano muri gahunda rusange yo guteza imbere ubuhinzi muri Afurika (gahunda ya Komisiyo y’umuryango w’ubumwe bw’Afurika ).<ref name=":0" /> Yashimiwe na benshi kubera ibyo bagezeho,<ref name=":0" /> ariko imiryango imwe iharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu yanenze iyo politiki kuko inkunga y'amafaranga yahawe gusa abahinzi bakurikiza politiki ya leta yo guhuza ubutaka.<ref name=":3" /> Mu mwaka wa 2014, yabaye umuyobozi wungirije wa [[Kaminuza y'u Rwanda|kaminuza y’u Rwanda]] mu iterambere ry’inzego.<ref name=":0" /> [[Dosiye:Agnes Kalibata - 2019 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Agnes Kalibata]] Kuva muri Nzeri 2014, yabaye perezida w'Umuryango ushinzwe impinduramatwara y’ibidukikije muri Afurika (AGRA),<ref>https://agra.org/who-we-are-our-leadership/agnes-kalibata-3/</ref> umuryango uyobowe n’Afurika ufite intego yo kuzamura umutekano w’ibiribwa n’amafaranga y’imiryango ingana na miliyoni 30 zizwi mu bihugu 11 bya Afurika 2021 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Our Story |url=https://agra.org/who-we-are/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190717024845/https://agra.org/who-we-are/ |archive-date=2019-07-17 |access-date=2019-02-10 |website=AGRA |language=en-US}}</ref> na, mubindi, gutanga uburyo bwo kubona imbuto nziza ninguzanyo. <ref name=":0" /> Ari kandi mu buyobozi bw'ikigo mpuzamahanga gishinzwe ifumbire mvaruganda n'ikigo cy'ubuyobozi cya Anand, muri Gujarati . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Agnes Kalibata |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/profile/person/18942831 |url-status=live |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2019-12-16 |website=bloomberg.com}}</ref> Kalibata yagize uruhare runini muri MINAGRI, Minisiteri y’ubuhinzi n’umutungo w’u Rwanda; yagizwe umunyamabanga uhoraho wa minisiteri mu 2006, Umunyamabanga wa Leta ushinzwe ubuhinzi mu 2008, na Minisitiri w’ubuhinzi n’umutungo wuzuye mu 2009. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Alexandre |first=Kayitare |title=DR AGNES KALIBATA IS AWARDED YARA PRIZE FOR HAVING PROMOTED FOOD SECURITY IN RWANDA |url=http://www.minagri.gov.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/documents/FlashNews/Fn%2007%20September%202012.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160528062950/http://www.minagri.gov.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/documents/FlashNews/Fn%2007%20September%202012.pdf |archive-date=2016-05-28 |access-date=2019-02-13 |website=MINAGRI Weekly Flash News}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-01-14 |title=Prize Laureates |url=https://africafoodprize.org/laureates/ |url-status=live |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2020-04-02 |website= |language=en-US}}</ref> Yakoze kandi indi myanya myinshi harimo umuyobozi w’inama y’ikigo cy’ubuhinzi n’ubworozi ndetse n’umuyobozi w’ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe ubushakashatsi ku mavuriro mu Rwanda. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Agnes M. Kalibata |url=https://www.afdb.org/en/annual-meetings-2016/speakers/agnes-m-kalibata/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161121005607/https://www.afdb.org/en/annual-meetings-2016/speakers/agnes-m-kalibata/ |archive-date=2016-11-21 |access-date=2019-02-10 |website=African Development Bank |language=en}}</ref> Yakoze mu Nama Ngishwanama y'Ikigo Mpuzamahanga gishinzwe Ubushakashatsi ku biribwa ndetse anayobora umushinga wa [[Banki y'Isi]] mu Rwanda. <ref name=":2" /> [[Dosiye:Université nationale du Rwanda à Butare.JPG|thumb|Kaminuza y'u Rwanda]] Kalibata yabaye umwe mu bagize inama y'ubutegetsi mpuzamahanga y’ifumbire mvaruganda (IDFC) kuva mu 2008, aho ayoboye komite nyafurika y’ubuyobozi, akaba n'umwe mu bagize komite nyobozi n’ubugenzuzi.<ref name=":1" /> Ni umwe mu bagize inama nyinshi z’igihugu ndetse n’amahanga harimo nka [[Kaminuza y'u Rwanda|kaminuza y’u Rwanda]], Ubushobozi bw’Afurika, Inama y’Ihuriro ry’Ubukungu ku Isi, Komisiyo ishinzwe kurwanya imihindagurikire y’ikirere hamwe n’itsinda ry’ubuhinzi n’inzobere mu kwihaza mu biribwa.<ref name=":0" /> Muri 2019, umunyamabanga mukuru w’umuryango w’abibumbye, António Guterres, yashyizeho Kalibata nk'intumwa idasanzwe mu nama y’ibiribwa 2021. <ref>[https://www.un.org/sg/en/content/sg/personnel-appointments/2019-12-16/ms-agnes-kalibata-of-rwanda-special-envoy-for-2021-food-systems-summit Ms. Agnes Kalibata of Rwanda - Special Envoy for 2021 Food Systems Summit] [[United Nations]], press release of December 16, 2019.</ref> = Imyanya ya politiki = Kalibata yagize uruhare runini mu guharanira uburinganire mu Rwanda, ashimangira inyungu z’ubukungu zo gushishikariza abagore kugira uruhare runini muri sosiyete kuko u Rwanda rwakize [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|jenoside yo mu Rwanda yo]] mu 1994 yahitanye abantu 800.000 mu mezi atatu bigatuma abaturage b’u Rwanda 60% b’abagore. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Anthony Faiola |date=19 May 2008 |title=Women pave way for Rwanda's revival |url=https://www.thestar.com/news/world/2008/05/19/women_pave_way_for_rwandas_revival.html |access-date=2019-02-02 |website=thestar.com |language=en}}</ref> = Amashimwe n'ibihembo = Mu mwaka wa 2012, Kalibata yahawe igihembo cya Yara (ubu cyitwa igihembo cy’ibiribwa muri Afurika ), gishimangira umuntu ku giti cye cyangwa ikigo cyayoboye imbaraga zo guhindura ukuri mu buhinzi muri Afurika.<ref name=":0" /> Muri 2018, kaminuza ya Liege, [[Ububiligi|mu Bubiligi]] yamuhaye impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga y'icyubahiro kubera ubuyobozi bw'icyubahiro (2018).<ref name=":0" /> Niwe wahawe umudari w’imibereho rusange ya NAS 2019: wasobanuwe n’ishuri rikuru ry’ubumenyi nk’igihembo cyubahwa cyane, uyu mudari uhabwa buri mwaka umuhanga ukoresha siyanse ku nyungu rusange.<ref name=":0" /> *[[Inama y’Abaminisitiri]] == Notes == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kalibata, Agnes Matilda}} [[Category:Abanyarwanda]] [[Category:Abaminisitiri]] [[Category:Abagore]] on8cjdbrc4f6as7ehehcal3da3rqryi 0 3381 133942 104761 2026-07-21T22:29:43Z Score Beethoven 11559 133942 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Kigali city.jpg|right|thumb|320x320px|Umujyi wa Kigali, Umurenge wa Gitega uherereyemo.]] '''Umurenge wa Gitega''' ni umwe mu mirenge icumi igize [[Akarere ka Nyarugenge]], mu [[Umujyi wa Kigali|Mujyi wa Kigali]]. Ni umurenge ugizwe n’ibice by’umujyi gusa. == Imiterere y’ubuyobozi == Umurenge wa Gitega ugizwe n’utugari dutandatu: * Akabahizi; * Akabeza; * Gacyamo; * Kigarama; * Kinyange; * Kora.<ref name="utugari">[https://www.nyarugenge.gov.rw/en/district/sectors-and-cells « Sectors and Cells »], Akarere ka Nyarugenge.</ref> Urubuga rw’Akarere ka Nyarugenge rugaragaza ko buri kagari kayoborwa n’umunyamabanga nshingwabikorwa wako.<ref name="utugari" /> == Abaturage == Mu ibarura rusange ry’abaturage n’imiturire ryo mu 2012, Umurenge wa Gitega wari utuwe n’abaturage 28.728. Mu 2022, abaturage bari 26.668, barimo abagabo 13.699 n’abagore 12.969.<ref name="abaturage">[https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/nyarugenge/1101__gitega/ « Gitega (Sector, Rwanda) »], ''City Population'', hashingiwe ku mibare y’Ikigo cy’Igihugu cy’Ibarurishamibare cy’u Rwanda.</ref> Muri abo baturage, 7.152 bari munsi y’imyaka 15, abari hagati y’imyaka 15 na 64 bari 19.055 naho abafite imyaka 65 cyangwa irenga bari 461.<ref name="abaturage" /> Ibarura ryo mu 2022 ryagaragaje ko abaturage bose b’Umurenge wa Gitega bari batuye mu bice by’umujyi.<ref name="abaturage" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Nyarugenge|Gitega]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Gitega]] l6wflu0wnugmeq3utf2qt0zm9vjdcis 0 3383 133941 105103 2026-07-21T22:21:36Z Score Beethoven 11559 133941 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:View_of_Kigali,_Rwanda_(264341670).jpg|thumb|Umujyi wa Kigali, Umurenge wa Kigali uherereyemo.]] [[Dosiye:Nyabugogo_River_Bridge.jpg|thumb|Ikiraro cyo ku mugezi wa Nyabugogo.]] [[Dosiye:Nyabugogo_Bus_Park.jpg|thumb|Ihuriro ry’imodoka rya Nyabugogo rihuza Umujyi wa Kigali n’izindi ntara z’u Rwanda.]] '''Umurenge wa Kigali''' ni umwe mu mirenge icumi igize [[Akarere ka Nyarugenge]], mu [[Umujyi wa Kigali|Mujyi wa Kigali]]. Umurenge ugizwe n’ibice by’umujyi n’iby’icyaro. == Imiterere y’ubuyobozi == Umurenge wa Kigali ugizwe n’utugari dutanu: * Kigali; * Mwendo; * Nyabugogo; * Ruriba; * Rwesero.<ref name="utugari">[https://www.nyarugenge.gov.rw/en/district/sectors-and-cells « Sectors and Cells »], Akarere ka Nyarugenge.</ref> Buri kagari kayoborwa n’umunyamabanga nshingwabikorwa wako.<ref name="utugari" /> == Abaturage == Mu ibarura rusange ry’abaturage n’imiturire ryo mu 2012, Umurenge wa Kigali wari utuwe n’abaturage 30.023. Mu 2022, abaturage bari bageze kuri 61.499, barimo abagabo 32.124 n’abagore 29.375.<ref name="abaturage">[https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/nyarugenge/1103__kigali/ « Kigali (Sector, Rwanda) »], ''City Population'', hashingiwe ku mibare y’Ikigo cy’Igihugu cy’Ibarurishamibare cy’u Rwanda.</ref> Muri abo baturage bo mu 2022, abari batuye mu bice by’umujyi bari 44.185 naho abari batuye mu bice by’icyaro bari 17.314.<ref name="abaturage" /> Abaturage bari munsi y’imyaka 15 bari 22.404, abari hagati y’imyaka 15 na 64 bari 38.004 naho abafite imyaka 65 cyangwa irenga bari 1.091.<ref name="abaturage" /> == Ubumenyi bw’isi == Umurenge wa Kigali uherereye mu burengerazuba bw’Umujyi wa Kigali. Imigezi ya Nyabugogo na Nyabarongo iri mu migezi igaragara hafi y’imbibi zawo. == Ubwikorezi == Mu Kagari ka Nyabugogo no mu nkengero zako hari ibikorwa by’ubwikorezi bihuza ibice bitandukanye by’Umujyi wa Kigali n’izindi ntara z’u Rwanda. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Nyarugenge|Kigali]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Kigali]] mlae49wcjyv4p0tn52zo742yigz658y 0 3385 133914 130415 2026-07-21T17:41:03Z Score Beethoven 11559 133914 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Rwanda_Sectors.PNG|thumb|umurenge wa mageragere ugaragara ku ikarita y'u Rwanda mu mujyi wa Kigali, akarere ka Nyarugenge]] '''Umurenge wa Mageragere''' ni umwe mu mirenge icumi(10)igize [[Akarere ka Nyarugenge]], ni umurenge wahoze mu cyahoze ari [[Akarere ka Butamwa]] mbere y’ivugururwa ry’ubutegetsi.<ref name="Mageragere" /> === Ubumenyi bw'isi === Umurenge wa Mageragere ufite ubuso bwa km 2 54.8 n’abaturage '''59,747''' mu ibarura ryakozwe mu mwaka wa 2022. Ugizwe n’utugari turindwi aritwo Nyarufunzo, Kankuba, Mataba, Nyarurenzi, Runzenze, Ntungamo na Kavumu.<ref name="Mageragere" /> === Umuco === N’ubwo Mageragere iri mu mujyi wa [[Kigali]], abaturage bayo babayeho ubuzima bw’igiturage. Abo baturage barangwa nogukora ubuhinzi kandi bagakoresha ibicanwa nk'inkwi n'amakara muguteka.<ref name="Mageragere">[https://www.nyarugenge.gov.rw/soma-ibindi/mageragere-hakozwe-igikorwa-cyo-kubakira-abatishoboye « Mageragere: Hakozwe igikorwa cyo kubakira abatishoboye »], ''Akarere ka Nyarugenge'', yasuwe ku wa 21 Nyakanga 2026.</ref> === Ingamba === Muri gahunda y’umwaka umwe, umurenge uzita kubikorwa bizacyemura ibibazo abawutuye bose bahura nabyo. Ibi byose kandi amurenge uzabikora utibagiwe ko bigomba kuba ibikorwa birambye,<ref>[https://www.facebook.com/tv1rwanda/posts/820281156777203/ « Abaturage b'Umurenge wa Mageragere mu Karere ka Nyarugenge batewe impungenge »], ''TV1 Rwanda'', yasuwe ku wa 21 Nyakanga 2026.</ref> ni ukuvuga ko mu bizakorwa byose hazitabwa mu kubungabunga ibidukikije harwanywa isuri kandi hanarindwa amashyamba.<ref name="Mageragere" /> Ibindi ni uko isuku izakomeza kuranga abaturage ba Mageragere kandi nk’uko bizwi ko Umuturage ariwe shingiro ry’amajyambere, hazakorwa ibishoboka byose ngo abaturage barindwe indwara z’ibyorezo nka [[SIDA]] na Malariya n'izindi ndwara ziterwa nisuku nke cyangwa imirire mibi kandi banakangurirwe kujya mu bwisungane mu kwivuza.<ref name="Mageragere" /> === Iterambere === Imishinga izashyirwa mu bikorwa muri uyu mwaka ni iyo , ku baka gereza nkuru ya [[kigali]],kugeza amazi meza ku baturage,gusana ibiro by'umurenge,amashyiga ya kijyambere, gushinga ishami rya banki y'[[Abaturage Ubuzima n’Imiturire|abaturage]], kandi bunguka ubumenyi mu gukora imirimo itandukanye. [[Abaturage Rusange|Abaturage]] bazakangurirwa kuzigama, gutegura udushinga duto bskagana banki bakoroherezwa kubona ibishoro maze ibi bizatume bivana koko mu bukene.<ref>[https://imvahonshya.co.rw/umurenge-wa-mageragere-isoko-ryo-gukora-maintenance-yimashini-na-accesoires-zazo-gukora-printer-iryo-gutanga-internet-niryo-gukora-isuku/ « Umurenge wa Mageragere: Isoko ryo gukora maintenance y'imashini na accessoires zazo, gukora printer, iryo gutanga internet n'iryo gukora isuku »], ''Imvaho Nshya'', yasuwe ku wa 21 Nyakanga 2026.</ref><ref>[https://igihe.com/amakuru/muri-afurika/u-rwanda/article/impinduka-mu-iterambere-rya-mageragere-yahoze-ari-igice-kitikozwa-n-abifite « Impinduka mu iterambere rya Mageragere yahoze ari igice kitikozwa n'abifite »], ''IGIHE'', yasuwe ku wa 21 Nyakanga 2026.</ref> Ku bijyanye n’inkiko gacaca uyu mwaka uzarangira amadosiye 80% y’abaregwa yaramaze kuburanishwa. Umurenge ushyize imbere imikorere myiza mu gutanga service vuba kubawugana, uyu murenge ukaba usaba inkunga y’ abawutuye bose ngo iyi gahunda izashyirwe mu bikorwa kubufatanye bwimpande zombi.<ref>[https://x.com/Mageragere_Sect « Umurenge wa Mageragere »], ''X'', yasuwe ku wa 21 Nyakanga 2026.</ref> === Amashakiro === <references /> [[Category:Akarere ka Nyarugenge]] [[Category:Imirenge y’u Rwanda]] clh8wy5h4xj83xow8o89sd05ofjf3e1 133916 133914 2026-07-21T17:49:43Z Score Beethoven 11559 133916 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Rwanda_Sectors.PNG|thumb|umurenge wa mageragere ugaragara ku ikarita y'u Rwanda mu mujyi wa Kigali, akarere ka Nyarugenge]] '''Umurenge wa Mageragere''' ni umwe mu mirenge icumi(10)igize [[Akarere ka Nyarugenge]], ni umurenge wahoze mu cyahoze ari [[Akarere ka Butamwa]] mbere y’ivugururwa ry’ubutegetsi.<ref name="Mageragere" /> === Ubumenyi bw'isi === Umurenge wa Mageragere ufite ubuso bwa km 2 54.8 n’abaturage '''59,747''' mu ibarura ryakozwe mu mwaka wa 2022. Ugizwe n’utugari turindwi aritwo Nyarufunzo, Kankuba, Mataba, Nyarurenzi, Runzenze, Ntungamo na Kavumu.<ref name="Mageragere" /> === Umuco === N’ubwo Mageragere iri mu mujyi wa [[Kigali]], abaturage bayo babayeho ubuzima bw’igiturage. Abo baturage barangwa nogukora ubuhinzi kandi bagakoresha ibicanwa nk'inkwi n'amakara muguteka.<ref name="Mageragere">[https://www.nyarugenge.gov.rw/soma-ibindi/mageragere-hakozwe-igikorwa-cyo-kubakira-abatishoboye « Mageragere: Hakozwe igikorwa cyo kubakira abatishoboye »], ''Akarere ka Nyarugenge'', yasuwe ku wa 21 Nyakanga 2026.</ref> === Ingamba === Muri gahunda y’umwaka umwe, umurenge uzita kubikorwa bizacyemura ibibazo abawutuye bose bahura nabyo. Ibi byose kandi amurenge uzabikora utibagiwe ko bigomba kuba ibikorwa birambye,<ref>[https://www.facebook.com/tv1rwanda/posts/820281156777203/ « Abaturage b'Umurenge wa Mageragere mu Karere ka Nyarugenge batewe impungenge »], ''TV1 Rwanda'', yasuwe ku wa 21 Nyakanga 2026.</ref> ni ukuvuga ko mu bizakorwa byose hazitabwa mu kubungabunga ibidukikije harwanywa isuri kandi hanarindwa amashyamba.<ref name="Mageragere" /> Ibindi ni uko isuku izakomeza kuranga abaturage ba Mageragere kandi nk’uko bizwi ko Umuturage ariwe shingiro ry’amajyambere, hazakorwa ibishoboka byose ngo abaturage barindwe indwara z’ibyorezo nka [[SIDA]] na Malariya n'izindi ndwara ziterwa nisuku nke cyangwa imirire mibi kandi banakangurirwe kujya mu bwisungane mu kwivuza.<ref name="Mageragere" /> === Iterambere === Imishinga izashyirwa mu bikorwa muri uyu mwaka ni iyo , ku baka gereza nkuru ya [[kigali]],kugeza amazi meza ku baturage,gusana ibiro by'umurenge,amashyiga ya kijyambere, gushinga ishami rya banki y'[[Abaturage Ubuzima n’Imiturire|abaturage]], kandi bunguka ubumenyi mu gukora imirimo itandukanye. [[Abaturage Rusange|Abaturage]] bazakangurirwa kuzigama, gutegura udushinga duto bskagana banki bakoroherezwa kubona ibishoro maze ibi bizatume bivana koko mu bukene.<ref>[https://imvahonshya.co.rw/umurenge-wa-mageragere-isoko-ryo-gukora-maintenance-yimashini-na-accesoires-zazo-gukora-printer-iryo-gutanga-internet-niryo-gukora-isuku/ « Umurenge wa Mageragere: Isoko ryo gukora maintenance y'imashini na accessoires zazo, gukora printer, iryo gutanga internet n'iryo gukora isuku »], ''Imvaho Nshya'', yasuwe ku wa 21 Nyakanga 2026.</ref><ref>[https://igihe.com/amakuru/muri-afurika/u-rwanda/article/impinduka-mu-iterambere-rya-mageragere-yahoze-ari-igice-kitikozwa-n-abifite « Impinduka mu iterambere rya Mageragere yahoze ari igice kitikozwa n'abifite »], ''IGIHE'', yasuwe ku wa 21 Nyakanga 2026.</ref> Ku bijyanye n’inkiko gacaca uyu mwaka uzarangira amadosiye 80% y’abaregwa yaramaze kuburanishwa. Umurenge ushyize imbere imikorere myiza mu gutanga service vuba kubawugana, uyu murenge ukaba usaba inkunga y’ abawutuye bose ngo iyi gahunda izashyirwe mu bikorwa kubufatanye bwimpande zombi.<ref>[https://x.com/Mageragere_Sect « Umurenge wa Mageragere »], ''X'', yasuwe ku wa 21 Nyakanga 2026.</ref> === Amashakiro === {{Reflist}} [[Category:Akarere ka Nyarugenge]] [[Category:Imirenge y’u Rwanda]] 23gnqrjw1hpaf0vdw7olsc6iqv5eo1p 0 3387 133951 130417 2026-07-21T22:43:28Z Score Beethoven 11559 133951 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:COVID-19 patient in severe state. Chernivtsi, Ukraine.jpg|thumb|Abarwayi ba Covid19 aho bavurirwa mu ivuriro rya Kanyinya]] '''Umurenge wa Kanyinya''' ni umwe mu mirenge icumi igize [[Akarere ka Nyarugenge]], mu [[Umujyi wa Kigali|Mujyi wa Kigali]]. Uherereye mu majyaruguru y’uburengerazuba bw’umujyi. == Imiterere y’ubuyobozi == Umurenge wa Kanyinya ugizwe n’utugari dutatu:<ref>[https://www.nyarugenge.gov.rw/akarere/imirenge-nutugali « Imirenge n’utugari »], Akarere ka Nyarugenge, yasuwe ku wa 21 Nyakanga 2026.</ref> * Nyamweru * Nzove * Taba == Abaturage == Mu ibarura rusange ry’abaturage ryo mu 2012, Kanyinya yari ituwe n’abaturage 21.859. Mu ibarura ryo mu 2022, abaturage bariyongereye bagera kuri 31.026, barimo abagabo 15.776 n’abagore 15.250.<ref name="population">[https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/nyarugenge/1102__kanyinya/ « Kanyinya (Sector, Rwanda) »], ''City Population'', amakuru akomoka mu Kigo cy’Igihugu cy’Ibarurishamibare cy’u Rwanda, yasuwe ku wa 21 Nyakanga 2026.</ref> Muri abo baturage, 16.589 bari batuye mu cyaro, naho 14.437 batuye mu gice cy’umujyi. Abari munsi y’imyaka 15 bari 11.640, abafite hagati y’imyaka 15 na 64 bari 18.732, naho abafite imyaka 65 cyangwa irenga bari 654.<ref name="population" /> == Ubukungu == Nubwo Kanyinya iri mu Mujyi wa Kigali, ubuhinzi n’ubworozi biracyafite uruhare rukomeye mu mibereho y’abaturage. Mu 2024, Akarere ka Nyarugenge kavuze ko 85% by’abatuye uyu murenge bakoraga imirimo y’ubuhinzi n’ubworozi.<ref>[https://www.nyarugenge.gov.rw/soma-ibindi/kanyinya-hizihirijwe-umunsi-mpuzamahanga-wumugore-wo-mu-cyaro « Kanyinya: Hizihirijwe Umunsi Mpuzamahanga w’Umugore wo mu Cyaro »], Akarere ka Nyarugenge, 15 Ukwakira 2024.</ref> Mu Kagari ka Taba hari site ya MAGERWA ikoreshwa mu buhinzi bwa kijyambere. Mu ntangiriro z’igihembwe cy’ihinga cya 2026A, kuri iyo site hahinzwe ibishyimbo ku buso bwa hegitari eshatu.<ref>[https://www.nyarugenge.gov.rw/soma-ibindi/nyarugenge-hatangijwe-igihembwe-cyihinga-2026a « Nyarugenge: Hatangijwe igihembwe cy’ihinga 2026A »], Akarere ka Nyarugenge, 19 Nzeri 2025.</ref> == Ibikorwa remezo == Uruganda rutunganya amazi rwa Nzove ruherereye muri Kanyinya. Rwatangiye gukora mu 2009 kandi rushobora gutunganya metero kibe 80.000 z’amazi ku munsi.<ref>[https://www.wasac.rw/en/about/water-treatment-plants « Water Treatment Plants »], WASAC Group, yasuwe ku wa 21 Nyakanga 2026.</ref> Amazi atunganywa i Nzove afasha mu kugeza amazi meza mu bice bitandukanye by’Umujyi wa Kigali.<ref>[https://www.wasac.rw/en/public-information/news/d/the-project-to-reinforce-the-nzove-ntora-water-main-water-transmission-pipeline-inaugurated « The project to reinforce the Nzove–Ntora water main transmission pipeline inaugurated »], WASAC Group, 20 Werurwe 2024.</ref> Mu murenge wa Kanyinya kandi hari amavuriro y’ibanze ane afasha abaturage bo mu tugari dutatu tuwugize.<ref>[https://www.nyarugenge.gov.rw/soma-ibindi/nyarugenge-amavuriro-yibanze-yegereje-abaturage-serivisi-zubuzima « Nyarugenge: Amavuriro y’ibanze yegereje abaturage serivisi z’ubuzima »], Akarere ka Nyarugenge, yasuwe ku wa 21 Nyakanga 2026.</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Akarere ka Nyarugenge]] [[Category:Imirenge y’u Rwanda]] gpp6s5fej72rl5it3ttf2zuuerebgcl 0 3392 133974 127301 2026-07-22T08:19:36Z Score Beethoven 11559 133974 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Umurenge wa Muhima''' [[Dosiye:2013-06-05_13-32-12_Rwanda_Kigali_-_Muhima.JPG|thumb|Umudugudu wa Muhima]] Umurenge wa Muhima ni umwe mu mirenge icumi (10) igize [[Akarere ka Nyarugenge]]. Nyuma y’ivugurura ry’imitegerekere y’[[Igihugu]] ugizwe n’[[utugari]] turindwi (7) ari two: [[Akagari ka Nyabugogo|Nyabugogo]], [[Akagari ka Kabeza|Kabeza]], [[Akagari ka Tetero|Tetero]], [[Akagari k’Amahoro|Amahoro]], [[Akagari ka Kabasengerezi|Kabasengerezi]], [[Akagari ka Rugenge|Rugenge]] n’[[Akagari k’Ubumwe|Ubumwe]]. Utwo tugari natwo tukaba tugizwe n’[[Imidugudu]] 39. Umurenge wa Muhima uhana imbibi n’umurenge wa Kimisagara, Gitega na Nyarugenge, n’umwe mu mirenge y’[[Akarere ka Gasabo]]. Ukaba ufite ubuso bungana na km² 2,92 n’abaturage 48.466 dukurikije ibyatangajwe n’ibarura rusange ryo mu mwaka w’2002. Ni ukuvuga ko uwo murenge utuwe ku bucucike bw’abaturage 16.598/km². Ibi bikaba bisobanura imiturire y’akajagari irangwa muri uwo murenge. Tubifurije ku rwungukiraho byinshi mu bijyanye na serivisi ndetse n’amakuru ajyanye n’umurenge wanyu. == Imiyoboro == [[Dosiye:Umurenge w'aJuru.jpg|thumb|Umurenge w'aJuru]] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20101230145827/http://muhimasector.net/ Urubuga rw’Umurenge wa Muhima] {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Nyarugenge]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda]] 2zio3dnpg9d7yja5fdfyj1w22cxpfo3 133976 133974 2026-07-22T08:20:06Z Score Beethoven 11559 133976 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:2013-06-05_13-32-12_Rwanda_Kigali_-_Muhima.JPG|thumb|Umudugudu wa Muhima]] Umurenge wa Muhima ni umwe mu mirenge icumi (10) igize [[Akarere ka Nyarugenge]]. Nyuma y’ivugurura ry’imitegerekere y’[[Igihugu]] ugizwe n’[[utugari]] turindwi (7) ari two: [[Akagari ka Nyabugogo|Nyabugogo]], [[Akagari ka Kabeza|Kabeza]], [[Akagari ka Tetero|Tetero]], [[Akagari k’Amahoro|Amahoro]], [[Akagari ka Kabasengerezi|Kabasengerezi]], [[Akagari ka Rugenge|Rugenge]] n’[[Akagari k’Ubumwe|Ubumwe]]. Utwo tugari natwo tukaba tugizwe n’[[Imidugudu]] 39. Umurenge wa Muhima uhana imbibi n’umurenge wa Kimisagara, Gitega na Nyarugenge, n’umwe mu mirenge y’[[Akarere ka Gasabo]]. Ukaba ufite ubuso bungana na km² 2,92 n’abaturage 48.466 dukurikije ibyatangajwe n’ibarura rusange ryo mu mwaka w’2002. Ni ukuvuga ko uwo murenge utuwe ku bucucike bw’abaturage 16.598/km². Ibi bikaba bisobanura imiturire y’akajagari irangwa muri uwo murenge. Tubifurije ku rwungukiraho byinshi mu bijyanye na serivisi ndetse n’amakuru ajyanye n’umurenge wanyu. == Imiyoboro == [[Dosiye:Umurenge w'aJuru.jpg|thumb|Umurenge w'aJuru]] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20101230145827/http://muhimasector.net/ Urubuga rw’Umurenge wa Muhima] {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Nyarugenge]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda]] jwnwd2950hioxbd8h27i7zithnznv5f 0 3667 133900 97420 2026-07-21T04:23:59Z B.Scalling 15089 KONGERAMO AMAKURU 133900 wikitext text/x-wiki {| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+<big>'''Afurika y’Epfo'''</big> |- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan=2 | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |- | align="center" width="140px" | [[File:Flag of South Africa.svg|125px]] | align="center" width="140px" | [[File:Coat of arms of South Africa (heraldic).svg|125px]] |- | align="center" width="140px" | [[Ibendera rya Repubulika y’u Rwanda|<span style="color:grey">Ibendera ry’Afurika y’Epfo</span>]] | align="center" width="140px" | [[Ikimenyetso mpamo cy’inyandiko za Leta y’u Afurika y’Epfo|<span style="color:grey">Ikimenyetso mpamo cy’inyandiko za Leta y’u Afurika y’Epfo</span>]] |} |- | align=center colspan=2 | [[File:South Africa (orthographic projection).svg|300px]] |} '''Afurika y'Epfo''', ku izina ryayo ryemewe n'amategeko '''Repubulika y'Afurika y'Epfo (Republic of South Africa – RSA)''', ni igihugu giherereye mu majyepfo y'umugabane wa Afurika. Kigizwe n'intara icyenda. Mu majyepfo gihana imbibi n'inyanja ku nkombe zifite uburebure bwa kilometero 2,798 zogerwa n'Inyanja ya Atalantika y'Amajyepfo n'Inyanja y'u Buhinde. Mu majyaruguru gihana imbibi na Namibiya, Botswana na Zimbabwe, mu burasirazuba no mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba kigahana imbibi na Mozambike na Eswatini, kandi kizengurutse igihugu cya Lesotho. Gifite ubuso bungana na kilometero kare 1,221,037, kikaba gituwe n'abaturage barenga miliyoni 63, bityo kikaba ari igihugu cya gatandatu gituwe n'abaturage benshi ku mugabane wa Afurika. [[Dosiye:Cape-town-port-boats.jpg|center|thumb|320x320px|cape town]] === Inkomoko y'izina === Izina '''"Afurika y'Epfo"''' rikomoka ku mwanya w'iki gihugu ku mugabane wa Afurika, kuko giherereye ku mpera y'amajyepfo yawo. Igihe cyashingwaga, cyiswe '''Ubumwe bw'Afurika y'Epfo (Union of South Africa)''' mu Cyongereza na '''Unie van Zuid-Afrika''' mu Kidage (Dutch), bigaragaza ko cyaturutse ku ihuzwa ry'ubukoloni bune bwari buyobowe n'u Bwongereza. Kuva mu mwaka wa '''1961''', izina ryemewe n'amategeko mu Cyongereza ryabaye '''Repubulika y'Afurika y'Epfo (Republic of South Africa)''', naho mu rurimi rw''''Ikinyafurikansi (Afrikaans)''' ryitwa '''Republiek van Suid-Afrika'''. Kugeza ubu, iki gihugu gifite amazina yemewe mu ndimi zacyo '''12 zemewe n'amategeko'''. Ijambo '''Mzansi''', rikomoka ku izina '''uMzantsi''' ryo mu rurimi rw'Ikixhosa risobanura '''"Amajyepfo"''', ni izina rikunze gukoreshwa mu mvugo ya buri munsi bavuga Afurika y'Epfo. Hari kandi amashyaka amwe n'amwe ashyigikira ihame rya '''Pan-Afurikanisime''' akoresha izina '''Azania''', nubwo iri jambo rikomoka mu Kigereki aho kudakomoka mu ndimi nyafurika. === Amazina === :izina mu [[cyongereza]] : '''Republic of South Africa''' :izina mu [[kinyafurikansi]] : '''Republiek van Suid-Afrika''' :izina mu [[kindebele]] (amajyepfo) : '''IRiphabliki yeSewula Afrika''' :izina mu [[kigisosa]] : '''IRiphabliki yaseMzantsi Afrika''' :izina mu [[kizulu]] : '''IRiphabliki yaseNingizimu Afrika''' :izina mu [[gisotho]] (amajyaruguru) : '''Rephaboliki ya Afrika-Borwa''' :izina mu [[gisotho]] (amajyepfo) : '''Rephaboliki ya Afrika Borwa''' :izina mu [[gitswana]] : '''Rephaboliki ya Aforika Borwa''' :izina mu [[giswati]] : '''IRiphabhulikhi yeNingizimu Afrika''' :izina mu [[kivenda]] : '''Riphabuḽiki ya Afurika Tshipembe'''[[File:Boulders_Beach,_South_Africa.jpg|thumb|Boulders Beach, South Africa]]izina mu [[gitsonga]] : '''Riphabliki ra Afrika Dzon''' == Amateka == === Amateka ya kera (Prehistory) === Afurika y'Epfo ibarizwamo hamwe mu hantu ha kera cyane ku isi habonetse ibisigazwa by'ibimenyetso by'amateka (archaeology) n'ibisigazwa by'abakurambere b'abantu (hominin fossils). Abashakashatsi mu by'amateka ya kera bavumbuye ibisigazwa byinshi mu buvumo butandukanye bwo mu ntara ya '''Gauteng''', buzwi ku izina rya '''Cradle of Humankind''' ("Igicumbi cy'Ikiremwamuntu"), ahantu hemewe na '''UNESCO''' nk'Umurage w'Isi. Muri ibyo bibanza harimo '''Sterkfontein''', imwe mu hantu habonetse ibisigazwa byinshi by'abakurambere b'abantu kurusha ahandi ku isi, ndetse na '''Swartkrans''', '''Gondolin Cave''', '''Kromdraai''', '''Cooper's Cave''' na '''Malapa'''. Igisigazwa cya mbere cy'umukurambere w'umuntu cyavumbuwe muri Afurika, kizwi nka '''Taung Child''', cyabonetse hafi ya '''Taung''' mu mwaka wa '''1924'''. Ibindi bisigazwa byabonetse ahitwa '''Makapansgat''' muri '''Limpopo''', '''Cornelia''' na '''Florisbad''' muri '''Free State''', '''Border Cave''' muri '''KwaZulu-Natal''', '''Klasies River Caves''' muri '''Eastern Cape''', ndetse na '''Pinnacle Point''', '''Elandsfontein''' na '''Die Kelders Cave''' muri '''Western Cape'''.Ibi byavumbuwe bigaragaza ko amoko atandukanye y'abakurambere b'abantu yabaye muri Afurika y'Epfo guhera hafi ku myaka '''miliyoni eshatu''' ishize. Muri ayo moko harimo '''Australopithecus africanus''', '''Australopithecus sediba''', '''Homo ergaster''', '''Homo erectus''', '''Homo rhodesiensis''', '''Homo helmei''', '''Homo naledi''', ndetse n'abantu b'iki gihe ('''Homo sapiens'''). Abantu b'iki gihe bamaze nibura imyaka '''170,000''' batuye mu majyepfo ya Afurika. Nanone, abashakashatsi bavumbuye ibikoresho bya kera byakozwe mu mabuye (pebble tools) mu kibaya cy'uruzi rwa '''Vaal''', bikaba ari ibimenyetso by'ibikorwa by'abantu ba kera muri ako karere. === Igihe cyabanjirije ubukoloni === Abaturage ba mbere bari batuye mu majyepfo ya Afurika ni '''Abasan (San)''' n''''Abakhoikhoi (Khoikhoi)'''. Abasan ahanini batungwaga no guhiga no kwegeranya imyaka yimeza, mu gihe Abakhoikhoi bo, uretse guhiga no kwegeranya, banororaga amatungo. Abantu b'Abakhoisan bashobora kuba bakomoka ku bantu ba mbere bafite imiterere y'umuntu w'iki gihe bageze mu majyepfo ya Afurika mbere y'imyaka '''150,000''' ishize. Nyuma yaho, benshi muri bo basimbuwe cyangwa bashyirwa mu yandi moko bitewe n'ikwirakwira ry'Ababantu (Bantu Expansion) ryabaye hagati y'imyaka '''2,000 na 1,500''' ishize. Abantu bavuga indimi z'Ababantu batangiye kwimukira mu majyepfo baturutse mu burengerazuba bwa Afurika ahagana mu mwaka wa '''3000 Mbere ya Yezu (BCE)'''. Mu kinyejana cya kane n'icya gatanu, abaturage bavuga indimi z'Ababantu bari bamaze gutura mu majyepfo y'uruzi rwa '''Limpopo''', ubu rukaba rugize umupaka wa Afurika y'Epfo na Botswana na Zimbabwe. Bari abahinzi, aborozi kandi bazi gukoresha ibyuma. Ahantu ha mbere hazwi hakorerwaga ibyuma muri '''KwaZulu-Natal''' hateganywa ko hashinzwe ahagana mu mwaka wa '''1050'''. Itsinda ryageze kure mu majyepfo ni iry''''Abaxhosa (Xhosa)''', ururimi rwabo rukaba rwarafashe bimwe mu biranga indimi z'Abakhoisan. Mu rugendo rwabo rwo kwimuka, abo baturage bo mu Gihe cy'Ibyuma basimbuye cyangwa binjiza mu muryango wabo abaturage bari bahatuye mbere. Mu ntara ya '''Mpumalanga''' habonetse uruziga rw'amabuye n'ibindi bimenyetso bya kera birimo ahazwi nka '''Adam's Calendar''', bikekwa ko byubatswe n'Ababakone, ishami ry'Abasotho bo mu Majyaruguru. Ahagana mu mwaka wa '''1220''', abayobozi b'umuryango wa '''K2''' bimukiye ku musozi wa '''Mapungubwe''', aho bashinze umurwa mukuru w'Ubwami bwa '''Mapungubwe''', abaturage basanzwe batura munsi yawo. Imihango yo gusaba imvura yari ifite uruhare rukomeye mu butegetsi bwabo, kandi ahantu henshi hakorerwaga iyo mihango haracyagaragara muri ako karere. Mu mwaka wa '''1250''', umurwa mukuru wa Mapungubwe wari utuwe n'abaturage bagera ku '''5,000''', ubwami bukaba bwarafite ubuso bwa kilometero kare '''30,000''' kandi bukungukira cyane ku bucuruzi bwakorwaga n'ibihugu byo ku Nyanja y'u Buhinde. Impamvu zatumye ubwo bwami busenyuka ahagana mu mwaka wa '''1300''' ntizizwi neza, ariko guhinduka kw'inzira z'ubucuruzi zerekeza ku ruzi rwa '''Zambezi''' byagize uruhare mu kuzamuka kw'Ubwami bwa '''Great Zimbabwe'''. Nyuma y'ibyo, umusozi wa Mapungubwe waratereranywe, abaturage baho baratatana. Hagati y'ikinyejana cya 15 n'icya 17, imikoranire hagati y'Abashona ba mbere, abandi Bashona bimukiye nyuma ndetse n'abavuga Ikinyasotho mu karere ka '''Soutpansberg''' yatumye havuka ururimi n'ubwoko bw'<nowiki/>'''Abavenda (Venda)'''. Mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 17, itsinda ry''''Abasingo (Singo)''' rikomoka ku Bwami bwa '''Rozvi''' ryimukiye mu majyepfo, rishinga icyicaro cyarwo i '''Dzata''', cyabaye umurwa mukuru w'Ubwami bwa Venda. Mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 18, ubwami bwatangiye gusenyuka bitewe n'ihinduka ry'inzira z'ubucuruzi. Mu miryango yakomeje kugira imbaraga harimo '''Ramabulana Singo''' mu burengerazuba bwa Soutpansberg, na '''Tshivhase Singo''' hamwe na '''Mphaphuli Singo''' mu burasirazuba bwaho. === Ubushakashatsi bw'Abanyaporutigari === Mu mwaka wa '''1487''', umushakashatsi w'Umunyaportigali '''Bartolomeu Dias''' yayoboye urugendo rwa mbere rw'Abanyaburayi rwageze ku nkombe z'amajyepfo ya Afurika. Ku wa '''4 Ukuboza 1487''', yageze ku cyambu cya '''Walfisch Bay''' (ubu cyitwa '''Walvis Bay''' muri Namibiya). Yakomeje akurikiye inkombe z'iburengerazuba bwa Afurika y'Epfo, ariko nyuma y'itariki ya '''8 Mutarama 1488''' inkubi z'umuyaga zamubujije gukomeza akurikira inkombe, bituma arenga agace k'amajyepfo ya Afurika atakabonye. Mu kwezi kwa Gicurasi 1488 yageze ku ruzi yise '''Rio do Infante''', bikekwa ko ari uruzi rwa '''Groot River''' rw'ubu. Agarutse yabonye ikinyura yise '''Cabo das Tormentas''' ("Umutwe w'Inkubi z'Umuyaga"), ariko Umwami '''John II''' wa Porutigali aza kukihindurira izina akita '''Cabo da Boa Esperança (Cape of Good Hope)''', kubera ko cyafunguraga inzira y'ubucuruzi bugana mu Burasirazuba bw'u Buhinde. Uru rugendo rwa Dias rwaje kwamamara cyane binyuze mu gisigo '''Os Lusíadas''', cyanditswe na '''Luís de Camões''' mu mwaka wa '''1572'''. Mu mwaka wa '''1497''', '''Vasco da Gama''' yahagurutse i Lisbon yerekeza mu rugendo rwamugejeje mu Buhinde mu '''1498''' anyuze ku '''Cape of Good Hope''', bityo afungura inzira y'ubucuruzi bwo mu nyanja hagati y'u Burayi na Aziya. Mu rugendo rwe yanyuze ku nkombe z'igice ubu kigize Afurika y'Epfo, ariko ahagarara ku butaka bwa '''Mozambike''' y'ubu. === Ubukoloni bw'Abaholandi n'Abongereza muri Cape === Abaholandi bageze bwa mbere ku nkombe z'amajyepfo ya Afurika mu mwaka wa '''1595'''. Mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 17, ubwo ububasha bwa Porutigali mu bwikorezi bwo mu nyanja bwagendaga bugabanuka, abacuruzi b'Abongereza n'Abaholandi batangiye guhatanira kwigarurira ubucuruzi bw'ibirungo bwari bwariganjemo na Porutigali. Guhera mu mwaka wa '''1601''', sosiyete y'Abongereza y'Ubucuruzi n'u Buhinde (British East India Company) yajyaga ihagarara ku '''Cape''' ishaka ibiribwa n'amazi yo guha amato, ariko nyuma ihitamo gukoresha ibirwa bya '''Ascension''' na '''Saint Helena''' nk'ibyambu byo kuruhukiraho. Mu mwaka wa '''1647''', abakozi babiri ba Sosiyete y'Abaholandi y'Ubucuruzi n'u Buhinde (Dutch East India Company) bakoze impanuka y'ubwato kuri Cape maze bahamara amezi menshi. Babashije kubaho babikesha amazi meza, inyama bahawe n'abaturage bahasangaga ndetse no guhinga ku butaka bwera. Basubiye mu Buholandi batangaza ko Cape yari ahantu heza ho kubaka ikigo cyo kubikamo ibiribwa no gutegurira amato akora ingendo ndende. Mu mwaka wa '''1652''', nyuma y'imyaka hafi 150 inzira ya Cape imenyekanye, '''Jan van Riebeeck''' yashinze ikigo cyo gutanga ibiribwa n'ibikoresho ku mato ku '''Cape of Good Hope''', ahaje kuvamo umujyi wa '''Cape Town''', abihagarariye Sosiyete y'Abaholandi y'Ubucuruzi n'u Buhinde. Nyuma y'aho Cape yabaye ubuturo bw'abaturage benshi b'Abaholandi bigenzuraga, bazwi nka '''Free Burghers'''. Abacuruzi b'Abaholandi banazanye imbata ibihumbi baturutse muri '''Indonesiya''', '''Madagasikari''' no mu burasirazuba bwa Afurika. Uku kuvanga abaturage kwatumye havuka itsinda rishya rizwi nka '''Cape Coloureds''', benshi muri bo bakaba barakoresheje ururimi rw'Ikidage cy'Abaholandi (Dutch) kandi bakemera Ubukristo. Guhera mu kinyejana cya 17, havutse amakimbirane hagati y'Abakhoisan n'Abaholandi bapfaga ubutaka n'indi mitungo, ayo makimbirane akomeza imyaka myinshi. Kwaguka kw'Abaholandi berekeza iburasirazuba kwatumye barwana n'Abaxhosa, kuko impande zombi zashakaga kugenzura urwuri rwo hafi y'uruzi rwa '''Great Fish River'''. Abahinzi b'Abaholandi bigenga bari batuye ku mipaka bitwaga '''Boers''', naho bamwe muri bo bitwaga '''Trekboers''' kubera imibereho yabo yo kwimuka bimwe na bimwe. Boers bashyizeho imitwe yitwaje intwaro yitwaga '''commandos''', ndetse bagirana ubufatanye n'Abakhoisan mu guhangana n'ibitero by'Abaxhosa. Impande zombi zagabye ibitero byinshi byamennye amaraso, ariko nta ruhande rwabashije gutsinda burundu urundi, bityo urugomo no kwiba amatungo bikomeza kuba ikibazo mu gihe kirekire. Mu myaka ya '''1795–1803''', u Bwongereza bwigaruriye '''Cape Town''' kugira ngo butayirekera u Bufaransa. Mu '''1803''', Cape yasubiye mu maboko y'Abaholandi igihe gito, ariko mu '''1806''' yongera kwigarurirwa n'u Bwongereza. Nyuma y'Intambara za Napoleon, Cape yemerewe ku mugaragaro kuba igice cy'Ubwami bw'u Bwongereza. Guhera mu '''1818''', Abongereza benshi batangiye kwimukira muri Afurika y'Epfo, maze mu '''1820''' hagera itsinda rinini ry'abimukira ryari rigamije kongera umubare w'abakozi b'Abanyaburayi no gukomeza kurinda imipaka y'ubukoloni ibitero by'Abaxhosa. === Mfecane n'ikwaguka ry'ubukoloni === Mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 19 habaye igihe cy'imvururu n'imihindagurikire gikomeye kizwi nka '''Mfecane''' ("gusenyuka" cyangwa "gutatanywa"), cyaranzwe n'intambara, kwimuka kw'abaturage no kuvuka kw'ubwami bushya. Ibi byatewe n'ihurirana ry'ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga, imihindagurikire y'ibidukikije ndetse n'ikwaguka ry'ubukoloni bw'Abanyaburayi. Ubwami butandukanye bwahanganiye kugenzura inzira z'ubucuruzi n'urwuri, bituma havuka ubwami bwa '''Ndwandwe''' na '''Mthethwa'''. Ndwandwe yatsinze Mthethwa, ariko nyuma ubwami bwayo burasenyuka, maze umwe mu bayobozi ba Mthethwa ari we '''Shaka''' ashinga kandi akomeza '''Ubwami bw'Abazulu (Zulu Kingdom)'''. Muri icyo gihe kandi havutse '''Ubwami bwa Gaza''', bwahanganye n'Abazulu. Mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 19, Abaholandi benshi bavuye muri Cape Colony bahunga ubutegetsi bw'Abongereza. Abo bimukira, bazwi nka '''Voortrekkers''', bimukiye mu turere twaje kuba '''Natal''', '''Free State''' na '''Transvaal'''. Nyuma yo gutsinda Abazulu mu '''Ntambara ya Blood River''' yabaye ku wa '''16 Ukuboza 1838''', bashinze za repubulika z'Ababuru zirimo '''Natalia Republic''', '''South African Republic''' na '''Orange Free State'''. Hagati mu gihugu, Cape Colony yakomeje kwaguka yigarurira ubutaka bw'Ababatswana n'Abagriqua, mu gihe Ubwami bwa '''Matabele''' bwariyongereye bukagaba ibitero ku Bwami bwa '''Venda'''. Ivumburwa rya '''diamant''' mu mwaka wa '''1867''' n'irya '''zahabu''' mu '''1884''' ryatangije igihe cyiswe '''Mineral Revolution''', cyihutishije iterambere ry'ubukungu, kwiyongera kw'abimukira no gukaza ubukoloni bw'Abongereza ku baturage kavukire. Kurwanira kugenzura ayo mabuye y'agaciro byagize uruhare rukomeye mu mibanire hagati y'Abanyaburayi n'Abanyafurika, ndetse no hagati y'Ababuru n'Abongereza. Ku wa '''16 Gicurasi 1876''', Perezida '''Thomas François Burgers''' wa Repubulika y'Afurika y'Epfo yatangaje intambara ku bwoko bw''''Abapedi'''. Umwami '''Sekhukhune''' yatsinze ingabo za Boers inshuro nyinshi, ariko nyuma y'uko Abongereza bagabye ibitero bikurikirana, bamutsinze mu '''Ugushyingo 1879''' bifashishije ingabo z'Abongereza, Ababuru n'Abaswazi. Muri uwo mwaka wa '''1879''', habaye '''Intambara y'Abongereza n'Abazulu (Anglo-Zulu War)'''. U Bwongereza bwifuzaga gushyiraho ihuriro ry'ibihugu muri Afurika y'Epfo nk'iryari rimaze kugerwaho muri Kanada. Mu '''1874''', '''Henry Bartle Frere''' yoherejwe muri Afurika y'Epfo nk'Intumwa Nkuru y'u Bwongereza kugira ngo ashyire mu bikorwa uwo mugambi. Nubwo Abazulu batsinze Abongereza mu '''Ntambara ya Isandlwana''', nyuma batsinzwe burundu, bituma '''Ubwami bw'Abazulu''' butakaza ubwigenge bwabwo. === Intambara z'Ababuru n'Ubwigenge === Repubulika z'Ababuru zashoboye guhangana n'igerageza ry'u Bwongereza ryo kuzigarurira mu '''Ntambara ya Mbere y'Ababuru (1880–1881)''', zikoresheje uburyo bwo kurwana bw'udutsiko (guerrilla warfare) bwari bubereye imiterere y'ako karere. Mu '''Ntambara ya Kabiri y'Ababuru (1899–1902)''', Abongereza bagarutse bafite ingabo nyinshi, uburambe n'ingamba nshya. Nubwo bahuye n'igihombo gikomeye, amaherezo batsinze biturutse ku gukoresha amayeri yo gutwika imitungo no gushyira abaturage mu nkambi z'ifungwa (concentration camps), aho abaturage b'Ababuru bagera ku '''27,000''' bapfiriye bazize indwara n'imibereho mibi. Nyuma y'izo ntambara, abaturage bo mu mijyi ya Afurika y'Epfo bariyongereye cyane, kandi abahinzi benshi b'Ababuru bahungiye mu mijyi yo muri '''Transvaal''' na '''Orange Free State''', aho bamwe baje kwitwa '''"Abazungu bakennye" (poor whites)'''. Muri icyo gihe, politiki y'Abazungu bo muri Afurika y'Epfo yarwanyaga ubutegetsi bw'u Bwongereza, igamije kugera ku bwigenge. Mu gihe cy'ubukoloni bw'Abaholandi n'Abongereza, ivangura rishingiye ku moko ryakorwaga ahanini mu buryo butanditse, ariko hashyizweho amategeko agenga aho abaturage kavukire bagombaga gutura n'uko bagendaga, harimo '''Native Location Act''' yo mu '''1879''' n'amategeko yabasabaga gutwara impushya z'inzira (pass laws). Nyuma y'imyaka umunani Intambara ya Kabiri y'Ababuru irangiye, ndetse n'imyaka ine y'imishyikirano, '''Itegeko rya Afurika y'Epfo ryo mu 1909 (South Africa Act 1909)''' ryashinzwe '''Ubumwe bw'Afurika y'Epfo (Union of South Africa)''' ku wa '''31 Gicurasi 1910''', riha igihugu ubwigenge bugarukira ku rwego runaka. Ubu bumwe bwari bugizwe n'ubukoloni bwa '''Cape''', '''Transvaal''', '''Natal''', hamwe na '''Orange Free State'''. Mu '''1913''', hashyizweho '''Itegeko ry'Ubutaka bw'Abasangwabutaka (Natives Land Act)''', ryagabanyije cyane uburenganzira bw'Abirabura bwo gutunga ubutaka, kuko icyo gihe bemerewe kugenzura hafi '''7%''' gusa by'ubutaka bw'igihugu. Nyuma, ubuso bwagenewe abaturage kavukire bwaje kongerwaho gato. Mu '''1931''', Ubumwe bw'Afurika y'Epfo bwabonye ubwigenge busesuye ku Bwami bw'u Bwongereza binyuze mu '''Statute of Westminster''', yakuyeho ububasha bw'Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y'u Bwongereza bwo gushyiraho amategeko muri Afurika y'Epfo. Mu '''1934''', '''South African Party''' na '''National Party''' byishyize hamwe bishinga '''United Party''', mu rwego rwo kunga Abafurikana n'Abazungu bavuga Icyongereza. Icyakora, mu '''1939''' iryo shyaka ryaracitse kubera kutumvikana ku kwinjira kw'Afurika y'Epfo mu Ntambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose ku ruhande rw'u Bwongereza. === Igihe cya Apartheid === Mu '''1948''', '''National Party''' yatsinze amatora maze ifata ubutegetsi. Yakomeje kandi ishimangira politiki y'ivanguramoko yari yaratangiye mu gihe cy'ubukoloni bw'Abaholandi n'Abongereza. Hashingiwe ku mategeko ya '''Indian Act''' yo muri Kanada, abaturage bashyizwe mu byiciro bitatu: '''Abazungu''', '''Abirabura''', n''''Abahinde n'Abavangavanze (Coloureds)''', buri tsinda rigenerwa uburenganzira n'imbogamizi zitandukanye. Guverinoma yari iyobowe n'Abazungu bake yashyizeho ku mugaragaro politiki y'ivanguramoko yiswe '''Apartheid'''. Mu gihe Abazungu babagaho ubuzima bwiza bugereranywa n'ubwo mu bihugu byateye imbere byo mu Burengerazuba, Abirabura bo bakomeje guhezwa mu bijyanye n'uburezi, amafaranga binjizaga, amazu ndetse n'icyizere cyo kubaho igihe kirekire. Mu '''1955''', '''Freedom Charter''' yemejwe n'ihuriro rya Congress Alliance, isaba ko habaho igihugu kitagira ivangura rishingiye ku moko. Ku wa '''31 Gicurasi 1961''', Afurika y'Epfo yabaye repubulika nyuma ya referandumu yemerewe gusa Abazungu. Intara ya '''Natal''' yiganjemo abayobokaga u Bwongereza yarwanyije uwo mwanzuro. '''Elizabeth II''' yambuwe izina ry'Umwamikazi wa Afurika y'Epfo, maze '''Charles Robberts Swart''' aba Perezida wa mbere wa Repubulika. Mu '''1983''', itegekonshinga rya '''P. W. Botha''' ryakuyeho umwanya wa Minisitiri w'Intebe, rishyiraho Perezida ufite ububasha bukomeye. Muri uwo mwaka wa 1961, Afurika y'Epfo yanikuye mu muryango wa '''Commonwealth of Nations''' kubera igitutu cy'ibihugu biwugize. Nubwo Apartheid yarwanywaga n'abaturage bo mu gihugu no ku rwego mpuzamahanga, guverinoma yakomeje kuyishyigikira. Inzego z'umutekano zakandamizaga abatavuga rumwe n'ubutegetsi, mu gihe imitwe nka '''African National Congress (ANC)''', '''Azanian People's Organisation''' na '''Pan-Africanist Congress''' yakoraga ibikorwa byo kurwanya ubutegetsi birimo intambara y'udutsiko no gusenya ibikorwa remezo. Kubera politiki y'ivanguramoko, ibihugu byinshi byahagaritse ubucuruzi n'Afurika y'Epfo, biza no kuyifatira ibihano mpuzamahanga no gukuramo ishoramari ryabyo. === Nyuma ya Apartheid === Mu '''1974''', '''Mahlabatini Declaration of Faith''', yashyizweho umukono na '''Mangosuthu Buthelezi''' na '''Harry Schwarz''', yashyize imbere amahame yo guhererekanya ubutegetsi mu mahoro no guha abaturage bose uburenganzira bungana. Mu '''1993''', Perezida '''F.W. de Klerk''' yatangiye ibiganiro na '''Nelson Mandela''' bigamije kurangiza Apartheid no gushyiraho ubutegetsi bushingiye kuri demokarasi. Mu '''1990''', guverinoma ya '''National Party''' yatangiye gukuraho Apartheid ikuraho ibihano byari byarafatiwe '''ANC''' n'indi mitwe ya politiki. '''Nelson Mandela''' yafunguwe nyuma yo kumara imyaka '''27''' muri gereza. Nyuma y'ibiganiro n'amatora ya referandumu yo mu '''1992''', Afurika y'Epfo yakoze amatora rusange ya mbere mu '''1994''', atsindwa ku bwiganze na '''ANC'''. Nyuma y'ayo matora, igihugu cyongeye kwinjira muri '''Commonwealth of Nations''' ndetse kiba umunyamuryango wa '''Southern African Development Community (SADC)'''. Nyuma ya Apartheid, Afurika y'Epfo yakomeje kugira ituze rya politiki nubwo yahuye n'ibibazo birimo ubushomeri n'ubusumbane bukabije mu bukungu. Igihugu cyagize kandi ibihe by'urugomo, birimo imyigaragambyo yo mu '''2008''' yibasiraga abanyamahanga, yahitanye abantu barenga '''60''' ikanahungisha abarenga '''100,000'''. Mu '''2012''', habaye '''ubwicanyi bwa Marikana''', bwabaye bwo bwicanyi bukomeye bwakozwe n'inzego z'umutekano ku baturage kuva imyigaragambyo ya '''Soweto'''. Mu gihe cya Perezida '''Jacob Zuma''', ruswa n'iyigarurirwa ry'inzego za Leta byabaye ikibazo gikomeye. Ifungwa rye by'agateganyo mu '''2021''' ryateje imvururu zahitanye abantu '''354'''. Kuva mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 21, ishyaka '''ANC''' ryagiye ritakaza imbaraga mu matora. Mu matora rusange yo mu '''2024''', ku nshuro ya mbere ryananiwe kubona ubwiganze busesuye mu Nteko Ishinga Amategeko. Nyuma y'ayo matora, Perezida '''Cyril Ramaphosa''' yashyizeho '''Guverinoma y'Ubumwe bw'Igihugu (Government of National Unity)''' ifatanyije n'andi mashyaka, harimo '''Democratic Alliance'''. [[Dosiye:Ciudad_del_Cabo_desde_Cabeza_de_León,_Sudáfrica,_2018-07-22,_DD_34.jpg|thumb|Ciudad del Cabo desde Cabeza de León, Sudáfrica, 2018-07-22, DD 34]] {{Afurika}} [[Category:Afurika y’Epfo]] [[Category:Afurika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] s0rqgbff78p85euw34gk26zwc6r0vre 133901 133900 2026-07-21T04:34:39Z B.Scalling 15089 KONGERAMO AMAKURU 133901 wikitext text/x-wiki {| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+<big>'''Afurika y’Epfo'''</big> |- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan=2 | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |- | align="center" width="140px" | [[File:Flag of South Africa.svg|125px]] | align="center" width="140px" | [[File:Coat of arms of South Africa (heraldic).svg|125px]] |- | align="center" width="140px" | [[Ibendera rya Repubulika y’u Rwanda|<span style="color:grey">Ibendera ry’Afurika y’Epfo</span>]] | align="center" width="140px" | [[Ikimenyetso mpamo cy’inyandiko za Leta y’u Afurika y’Epfo|<span style="color:grey">Ikimenyetso mpamo cy’inyandiko za Leta y’u Afurika y’Epfo</span>]] |} |- | align=center colspan=2 | [[File:South Africa (orthographic projection).svg|300px]] |} '''Afurika y'Epfo''', ku izina ryayo ryemewe n'amategeko '''Repubulika y'Afurika y'Epfo (Republic of South Africa – RSA)''', ni igihugu giherereye mu majyepfo y'umugabane wa Afurika. Kigizwe n'intara icyenda. Mu majyepfo gihana imbibi n'inyanja ku nkombe zifite uburebure bwa kilometero 2,798 zogerwa n'Inyanja ya Atalantika y'Amajyepfo n'Inyanja y'u Buhinde. Mu majyaruguru gihana imbibi na Namibiya, Botswana na Zimbabwe, mu burasirazuba no mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba kigahana imbibi na Mozambike na Eswatini, kandi kizengurutse igihugu cya Lesotho. Gifite ubuso bungana na kilometero kare 1,221,037, kikaba gituwe n'abaturage barenga miliyoni 63, bityo kikaba ari igihugu cya gatandatu gituwe n'abaturage benshi ku mugabane wa Afurika. [[Dosiye:Cape-town-port-boats.jpg|center|thumb|320x320px|cape town]] === Inkomoko y'izina === Izina '''"Afurika y'Epfo"''' rikomoka ku mwanya w'iki gihugu ku mugabane wa Afurika, kuko giherereye ku mpera y'amajyepfo yawo. Igihe cyashingwaga, cyiswe '''Ubumwe bw'Afurika y'Epfo (Union of South Africa)''' mu Cyongereza na '''Unie van Zuid-Afrika''' mu Kidage (Dutch), bigaragaza ko cyaturutse ku ihuzwa ry'ubukoloni bune bwari buyobowe n'u Bwongereza. Kuva mu mwaka wa '''1961''', izina ryemewe n'amategeko mu Cyongereza ryabaye '''Repubulika y'Afurika y'Epfo (Republic of South Africa)''', naho mu rurimi rw''''Ikinyafurikansi (Afrikaans)''' ryitwa '''Republiek van Suid-Afrika'''. Kugeza ubu, iki gihugu gifite amazina yemewe mu ndimi zacyo '''12 zemewe n'amategeko'''. Ijambo '''Mzansi''', rikomoka ku izina '''uMzantsi''' ryo mu rurimi rw'Ikixhosa risobanura '''"Amajyepfo"''', ni izina rikunze gukoreshwa mu mvugo ya buri munsi bavuga Afurika y'Epfo. Hari kandi amashyaka amwe n'amwe ashyigikira ihame rya '''Pan-Afurikanisime''' akoresha izina '''Azania''', nubwo iri jambo rikomoka mu Kigereki aho kudakomoka mu ndimi nyafurika. === Amazina === :izina mu [[cyongereza]] : '''Republic of South Africa''' :izina mu [[kinyafurikansi]] : '''Republiek van Suid-Afrika''' :izina mu [[kindebele]] (amajyepfo) : '''IRiphabliki yeSewula Afrika''' :izina mu [[kigisosa]] : '''IRiphabliki yaseMzantsi Afrika''' :izina mu [[kizulu]] : '''IRiphabliki yaseNingizimu Afrika''' :izina mu [[gisotho]] (amajyaruguru) : '''Rephaboliki ya Afrika-Borwa''' :izina mu [[gisotho]] (amajyepfo) : '''Rephaboliki ya Afrika Borwa''' :izina mu [[gitswana]] : '''Rephaboliki ya Aforika Borwa''' :izina mu [[giswati]] : '''IRiphabhulikhi yeNingizimu Afrika''' :izina mu [[kivenda]] : '''Riphabuḽiki ya Afurika Tshipembe'''[[File:Boulders_Beach,_South_Africa.jpg|thumb|Boulders Beach, South Africa]]izina mu [[gitsonga]] : '''Riphabliki ra Afrika Dzon''' == Amateka == === Amateka ya kera (Prehistory) === Afurika y'Epfo ibarizwamo hamwe mu hantu ha kera cyane ku isi habonetse ibisigazwa by'ibimenyetso by'amateka (archaeology) n'ibisigazwa by'abakurambere b'abantu (hominin fossils). Abashakashatsi mu by'amateka ya kera bavumbuye ibisigazwa byinshi mu buvumo butandukanye bwo mu ntara ya '''Gauteng''', buzwi ku izina rya '''Cradle of Humankind''' ("Igicumbi cy'Ikiremwamuntu"), ahantu hemewe na '''UNESCO''' nk'Umurage w'Isi. Muri ibyo bibanza harimo '''Sterkfontein''', imwe mu hantu habonetse ibisigazwa byinshi by'abakurambere b'abantu kurusha ahandi ku isi, ndetse na '''Swartkrans''', '''Gondolin Cave''', '''Kromdraai''', '''Cooper's Cave''' na '''Malapa'''. Igisigazwa cya mbere cy'umukurambere w'umuntu cyavumbuwe muri Afurika, kizwi nka '''Taung Child''', cyabonetse hafi ya '''Taung''' mu mwaka wa '''1924'''. Ibindi bisigazwa byabonetse ahitwa '''Makapansgat''' muri '''Limpopo''', '''Cornelia''' na '''Florisbad''' muri '''Free State''', '''Border Cave''' muri '''KwaZulu-Natal''', '''Klasies River Caves''' muri '''Eastern Cape''', ndetse na '''Pinnacle Point''', '''Elandsfontein''' na '''Die Kelders Cave''' muri '''Western Cape'''.Ibi byavumbuwe bigaragaza ko amoko atandukanye y'abakurambere b'abantu yabaye muri Afurika y'Epfo guhera hafi ku myaka '''miliyoni eshatu''' ishize. Muri ayo moko harimo '''Australopithecus africanus''', '''Australopithecus sediba''', '''Homo ergaster''', '''Homo erectus''', '''Homo rhodesiensis''', '''Homo helmei''', '''Homo naledi''', ndetse n'abantu b'iki gihe ('''Homo sapiens'''). Abantu b'iki gihe bamaze nibura imyaka '''170,000''' batuye mu majyepfo ya Afurika. Nanone, abashakashatsi bavumbuye ibikoresho bya kera byakozwe mu mabuye (pebble tools) mu kibaya cy'uruzi rwa '''Vaal''', bikaba ari ibimenyetso by'ibikorwa by'abantu ba kera muri ako karere. === Igihe cyabanjirije ubukoloni === Abaturage ba mbere bari batuye mu majyepfo ya Afurika ni '''Abasan (San)''' n''''Abakhoikhoi (Khoikhoi)'''. Abasan ahanini batungwaga no guhiga no kwegeranya imyaka yimeza, mu gihe Abakhoikhoi bo, uretse guhiga no kwegeranya, banororaga amatungo. Abantu b'Abakhoisan bashobora kuba bakomoka ku bantu ba mbere bafite imiterere y'umuntu w'iki gihe bageze mu majyepfo ya Afurika mbere y'imyaka '''150,000''' ishize. Nyuma yaho, benshi muri bo basimbuwe cyangwa bashyirwa mu yandi moko bitewe n'ikwirakwira ry'Ababantu (Bantu Expansion) ryabaye hagati y'imyaka '''2,000 na 1,500''' ishize. Abantu bavuga indimi z'Ababantu batangiye kwimukira mu majyepfo baturutse mu burengerazuba bwa Afurika ahagana mu mwaka wa '''3000 Mbere ya Yezu (BCE)'''. Mu kinyejana cya kane n'icya gatanu, abaturage bavuga indimi z'Ababantu bari bamaze gutura mu majyepfo y'uruzi rwa '''Limpopo''', ubu rukaba rugize umupaka wa Afurika y'Epfo na Botswana na Zimbabwe. Bari abahinzi, aborozi kandi bazi gukoresha ibyuma. Ahantu ha mbere hazwi hakorerwaga ibyuma muri '''KwaZulu-Natal''' hateganywa ko hashinzwe ahagana mu mwaka wa '''1050'''. Itsinda ryageze kure mu majyepfo ni iry''''Abaxhosa (Xhosa)''', ururimi rwabo rukaba rwarafashe bimwe mu biranga indimi z'Abakhoisan. Mu rugendo rwabo rwo kwimuka, abo baturage bo mu Gihe cy'Ibyuma basimbuye cyangwa binjiza mu muryango wabo abaturage bari bahatuye mbere. Mu ntara ya '''Mpumalanga''' habonetse uruziga rw'amabuye n'ibindi bimenyetso bya kera birimo ahazwi nka '''Adam's Calendar''', bikekwa ko byubatswe n'Ababakone, ishami ry'Abasotho bo mu Majyaruguru. Ahagana mu mwaka wa '''1220''', abayobozi b'umuryango wa '''K2''' bimukiye ku musozi wa '''Mapungubwe''', aho bashinze umurwa mukuru w'Ubwami bwa '''Mapungubwe''', abaturage basanzwe batura munsi yawo. Imihango yo gusaba imvura yari ifite uruhare rukomeye mu butegetsi bwabo, kandi ahantu henshi hakorerwaga iyo mihango haracyagaragara muri ako karere. Mu mwaka wa '''1250''', umurwa mukuru wa Mapungubwe wari utuwe n'abaturage bagera ku '''5,000''', ubwami bukaba bwarafite ubuso bwa kilometero kare '''30,000''' kandi bukungukira cyane ku bucuruzi bwakorwaga n'ibihugu byo ku Nyanja y'u Buhinde. Impamvu zatumye ubwo bwami busenyuka ahagana mu mwaka wa '''1300''' ntizizwi neza, ariko guhinduka kw'inzira z'ubucuruzi zerekeza ku ruzi rwa '''Zambezi''' byagize uruhare mu kuzamuka kw'Ubwami bwa '''Great Zimbabwe'''. Nyuma y'ibyo, umusozi wa Mapungubwe waratereranywe, abaturage baho baratatana. Hagati y'ikinyejana cya 15 n'icya 17, imikoranire hagati y'Abashona ba mbere, abandi Bashona bimukiye nyuma ndetse n'abavuga Ikinyasotho mu karere ka '''Soutpansberg''' yatumye havuka ururimi n'ubwoko bw''''Abavenda (Venda)'''. Mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 17, itsinda ry''''Abasingo (Singo)''' rikomoka ku Bwami bwa '''Rozvi''' ryimukiye mu majyepfo, rishinga icyicaro cyarwo i '''Dzata''', cyabaye umurwa mukuru w'Ubwami bwa Venda. Mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 18, ubwami bwatangiye gusenyuka bitewe n'ihinduka ry'inzira z'ubucuruzi. Mu miryango yakomeje kugira imbaraga harimo '''Ramabulana Singo''' mu burengerazuba bwa Soutpansberg, na '''Tshivhase Singo''' hamwe na '''Mphaphuli Singo''' mu burasirazuba bwaho. === Ubushakashatsi bw'Abanyaporutigari === Mu mwaka wa '''1487''', umushakashatsi w'Umunyaportigali '''Bartolomeu Dias''' yayoboye urugendo rwa mbere rw'Abanyaburayi rwageze ku nkombe z'amajyepfo ya Afurika. Ku wa '''4 Ukuboza 1487''', yageze ku cyambu cya '''Walfisch Bay''' (ubu cyitwa '''Walvis Bay''' muri Namibiya). Yakomeje akurikiye inkombe z'iburengerazuba bwa Afurika y'Epfo, ariko nyuma y'itariki ya '''8 Mutarama 1488''' inkubi z'umuyaga zamubujije gukomeza akurikira inkombe, bituma arenga agace k'amajyepfo ya Afurika atakabonye. Mu kwezi kwa Gicurasi 1488 yageze ku ruzi yise '''Rio do Infante''', bikekwa ko ari uruzi rwa '''Groot River''' rw'ubu. Agarutse yabonye ikinyura yise '''Cabo das Tormentas''' ("Umutwe w'Inkubi z'Umuyaga"), ariko Umwami '''John II''' wa Porutigali aza kukihindurira izina akita '''Cabo da Boa Esperança (Cape of Good Hope)''', kubera ko cyafunguraga inzira y'ubucuruzi bugana mu Burasirazuba bw'u Buhinde. Uru rugendo rwa Dias rwaje kwamamara cyane binyuze mu gisigo '''Os Lusíadas''', cyanditswe na '''Luís de Camões''' mu mwaka wa '''1572'''. Mu mwaka wa '''1497''', '''Vasco da Gama''' yahagurutse i Lisbon yerekeza mu rugendo rwamugejeje mu Buhinde mu '''1498''' anyuze ku '''Cape of Good Hope''', bityo afungura inzira y'ubucuruzi bwo mu nyanja hagati y'u Burayi na Aziya. Mu rugendo rwe yanyuze ku nkombe z'igice ubu kigize Afurika y'Epfo, ariko ahagarara ku butaka bwa '''Mozambike''' y'ubu. === Ubukoloni bw'Abaholandi n'Abongereza muri Cape === Abaholandi bageze bwa mbere ku nkombe z'amajyepfo ya Afurika mu mwaka wa '''1595'''. Mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 17, ubwo ububasha bwa Porutigali mu bwikorezi bwo mu nyanja bwagendaga bugabanuka, abacuruzi b'Abongereza n'Abaholandi batangiye guhatanira kwigarurira ubucuruzi bw'ibirungo bwari bwariganjemo na Porutigali. Guhera mu mwaka wa '''1601''', sosiyete y'Abongereza y'Ubucuruzi n'u Buhinde (British East India Company) yajyaga ihagarara ku '''Cape''' ishaka ibiribwa n'amazi yo guha amato, ariko nyuma ihitamo gukoresha ibirwa bya '''Ascension''' na '''Saint Helena''' nk'ibyambu byo kuruhukiraho. Mu mwaka wa '''1647''', abakozi babiri ba Sosiyete y'Abaholandi y'Ubucuruzi n'u Buhinde (Dutch East India Company) bakoze impanuka y'ubwato kuri Cape maze bahamara amezi menshi. Babashije kubaho babikesha amazi meza, inyama bahawe n'abaturage bahasangaga ndetse no guhinga ku butaka bwera. Basubiye mu Buholandi batangaza ko Cape yari ahantu heza ho kubaka ikigo cyo kubikamo ibiribwa no gutegurira amato akora ingendo ndende. Mu mwaka wa '''1652''', nyuma y'imyaka hafi 150 inzira ya Cape imenyekanye, '''Jan van Riebeeck''' yashinze ikigo cyo gutanga ibiribwa n'ibikoresho ku mato ku '''Cape of Good Hope''', ahaje kuvamo umujyi wa '''Cape Town''', abihagarariye Sosiyete y'Abaholandi y'Ubucuruzi n'u Buhinde. Nyuma y'aho Cape yabaye ubuturo bw'abaturage benshi b'Abaholandi bigenzuraga, bazwi nka '''Free Burghers'''. Abacuruzi b'Abaholandi banazanye imbata ibihumbi baturutse muri '''Indonesiya''', '''Madagasikari''' no mu burasirazuba bwa Afurika. Uku kuvanga abaturage kwatumye havuka itsinda rishya rizwi nka '''Cape Coloureds''', benshi muri bo bakaba barakoresheje ururimi rw'Ikidage cy'Abaholandi (Dutch) kandi bakemera Ubukristo. Guhera mu kinyejana cya 17, havutse amakimbirane hagati y'Abakhoisan n'Abaholandi bapfaga ubutaka n'indi mitungo, ayo makimbirane akomeza imyaka myinshi. Kwaguka kw'Abaholandi berekeza iburasirazuba kwatumye barwana n'Abaxhosa, kuko impande zombi zashakaga kugenzura urwuri rwo hafi y'uruzi rwa '''Great Fish River'''. Abahinzi b'Abaholandi bigenga bari batuye ku mipaka bitwaga '''Boers''', naho bamwe muri bo bitwaga '''Trekboers''' kubera imibereho yabo yo kwimuka bimwe na bimwe. Boers bashyizeho imitwe yitwaje intwaro yitwaga '''commandos''', ndetse bagirana ubufatanye n'Abakhoisan mu guhangana n'ibitero by'Abaxhosa. Impande zombi zagabye ibitero byinshi byamennye amaraso, ariko nta ruhande rwabashije gutsinda burundu urundi, bityo urugomo no kwiba amatungo bikomeza kuba ikibazo mu gihe kirekire. Mu myaka ya '''1795–1803''', u Bwongereza bwigaruriye '''Cape Town''' kugira ngo butayirekera u Bufaransa. Mu '''1803''', Cape yasubiye mu maboko y'Abaholandi igihe gito, ariko mu '''1806''' yongera kwigarurirwa n'u Bwongereza. Nyuma y'Intambara za Napoleon, Cape yemerewe ku mugaragaro kuba igice cy'Ubwami bw'u Bwongereza. Guhera mu '''1818''', Abongereza benshi batangiye kwimukira muri Afurika y'Epfo, maze mu '''1820''' hagera itsinda rinini ry'abimukira ryari rigamije kongera umubare w'abakozi b'Abanyaburayi no gukomeza kurinda imipaka y'ubukoloni ibitero by'Abaxhosa. === Mfecane n'ikwaguka ry'ubukoloni === Mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 19 habaye igihe cy'imvururu n'imihindagurikire gikomeye kizwi nka '''Mfecane''' ("gusenyuka" cyangwa "gutatanywa"), cyaranzwe n'intambara, kwimuka kw'abaturage no kuvuka kw'ubwami bushya. Ibi byatewe n'ihurirana ry'ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga, imihindagurikire y'ibidukikije ndetse n'ikwaguka ry'ubukoloni bw'Abanyaburayi. Ubwami butandukanye bwahanganiye kugenzura inzira z'ubucuruzi n'urwuri, bituma havuka ubwami bwa '''Ndwandwe''' na '''Mthethwa'''. Ndwandwe yatsinze Mthethwa, ariko nyuma ubwami bwayo burasenyuka, maze umwe mu bayobozi ba Mthethwa ari we '''Shaka''' ashinga kandi akomeza '''Ubwami bw'Abazulu (Zulu Kingdom)'''. Muri icyo gihe kandi havutse '''Ubwami bwa Gaza''', bwahanganye n'Abazulu. Mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 19, Abaholandi benshi bavuye muri Cape Colony bahunga ubutegetsi bw'Abongereza. Abo bimukira, bazwi nka '''Voortrekkers''', bimukiye mu turere twaje kuba '''Natal''', '''Free State''' na '''Transvaal'''. Nyuma yo gutsinda Abazulu mu '''Ntambara ya Blood River''' yabaye ku wa '''16 Ukuboza 1838''', bashinze za repubulika z'Ababuru zirimo '''Natalia Republic''', '''South African Republic''' na '''Orange Free State'''. Hagati mu gihugu, Cape Colony yakomeje kwaguka yigarurira ubutaka bw'Ababatswana n'Abagriqua, mu gihe Ubwami bwa '''Matabele''' bwariyongereye bukagaba ibitero ku Bwami bwa '''Venda'''. Ivumburwa rya '''diamant''' mu mwaka wa '''1867''' n'irya '''zahabu''' mu '''1884''' ryatangije igihe cyiswe '''Mineral Revolution''', cyihutishije iterambere ry'ubukungu, kwiyongera kw'abimukira no gukaza ubukoloni bw'Abongereza ku baturage kavukire. Kurwanira kugenzura ayo mabuye y'agaciro byagize uruhare rukomeye mu mibanire hagati y'Abanyaburayi n'Abanyafurika, ndetse no hagati y'Ababuru n'Abongereza. Ku wa '''16 Gicurasi 1876''', Perezida '''Thomas François Burgers''' wa Repubulika y'Afurika y'Epfo yatangaje intambara ku bwoko bw''''Abapedi'''. Umwami '''Sekhukhune''' yatsinze ingabo za Boers inshuro nyinshi, ariko nyuma y'uko Abongereza bagabye ibitero bikurikirana, bamutsinze mu '''Ugushyingo 1879''' bifashishije ingabo z'Abongereza, Ababuru n'Abaswazi. Muri uwo mwaka wa '''1879''', habaye '''Intambara y'Abongereza n'Abazulu (Anglo-Zulu War)'''. U Bwongereza bwifuzaga gushyiraho ihuriro ry'ibihugu muri Afurika y'Epfo nk'iryari rimaze kugerwaho muri Kanada. Mu '''1874''', '''Henry Bartle Frere''' yoherejwe muri Afurika y'Epfo nk'Intumwa Nkuru y'u Bwongereza kugira ngo ashyire mu bikorwa uwo mugambi. Nubwo Abazulu batsinze Abongereza mu '''Ntambara ya Isandlwana''', nyuma batsinzwe burundu, bituma '''Ubwami bw'Abazulu''' butakaza ubwigenge bwabwo. === Intambara z'Ababuru n'Ubwigenge === Repubulika z'Ababuru zashoboye guhangana n'igerageza ry'u Bwongereza ryo kuzigarurira mu '''Ntambara ya Mbere y'Ababuru (1880–1881)''', zikoresheje uburyo bwo kurwana bw'udutsiko (guerrilla warfare) bwari bubereye imiterere y'ako karere. Mu '''Ntambara ya Kabiri y'Ababuru (1899–1902)''', Abongereza bagarutse bafite ingabo nyinshi, uburambe n'ingamba nshya. Nubwo bahuye n'igihombo gikomeye, amaherezo batsinze biturutse ku gukoresha amayeri yo gutwika imitungo no gushyira abaturage mu nkambi z'ifungwa (concentration camps), aho abaturage b'Ababuru bagera ku '''27,000''' bapfiriye bazize indwara n'imibereho mibi. Nyuma y'izo ntambara, abaturage bo mu mijyi ya Afurika y'Epfo bariyongereye cyane, kandi abahinzi benshi b'Ababuru bahungiye mu mijyi yo muri '''Transvaal''' na '''Orange Free State''', aho bamwe baje kwitwa '''"Abazungu bakennye" (poor whites)'''. Muri icyo gihe, politiki y'Abazungu bo muri Afurika y'Epfo yarwanyaga ubutegetsi bw'u Bwongereza, igamije kugera ku bwigenge. Mu gihe cy'ubukoloni bw'Abaholandi n'Abongereza, ivangura rishingiye ku moko ryakorwaga ahanini mu buryo butanditse, ariko hashyizweho amategeko agenga aho abaturage kavukire bagombaga gutura n'uko bagendaga, harimo '''Native Location Act''' yo mu '''1879''' n'amategeko yabasabaga gutwara impushya z'inzira (pass laws). Nyuma y'imyaka umunani Intambara ya Kabiri y'Ababuru irangiye, ndetse n'imyaka ine y'imishyikirano, '''Itegeko rya Afurika y'Epfo ryo mu 1909 (South Africa Act 1909)''' ryashinzwe '''Ubumwe bw'Afurika y'Epfo (Union of South Africa)''' ku wa '''31 Gicurasi 1910''', riha igihugu ubwigenge bugarukira ku rwego runaka. Ubu bumwe bwari bugizwe n'ubukoloni bwa '''Cape''', '''Transvaal''', '''Natal''', hamwe na '''Orange Free State'''. Mu '''1913''', hashyizweho '''Itegeko ry'Ubutaka bw'Abasangwabutaka (Natives Land Act)''', ryagabanyije cyane uburenganzira bw'Abirabura bwo gutunga ubutaka, kuko icyo gihe bemerewe kugenzura hafi '''7%''' gusa by'ubutaka bw'igihugu. Nyuma, ubuso bwagenewe abaturage kavukire bwaje kongerwaho gato. Mu '''1931''', Ubumwe bw'Afurika y'Epfo bwabonye ubwigenge busesuye ku Bwami bw'u Bwongereza binyuze mu '''Statute of Westminster''', yakuyeho ububasha bw'Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y'u Bwongereza bwo gushyiraho amategeko muri Afurika y'Epfo. Mu '''1934''', '''South African Party''' na '''National Party''' byishyize hamwe bishinga '''United Party''', mu rwego rwo kunga Abafurikana n'Abazungu bavuga Icyongereza. Icyakora, mu '''1939''' iryo shyaka ryaracitse kubera kutumvikana ku kwinjira kw'Afurika y'Epfo mu Ntambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose ku ruhande rw'u Bwongereza. === Igihe cya Apartheid === Mu '''1948''', '''National Party''' yatsinze amatora maze ifata ubutegetsi. Yakomeje kandi ishimangira politiki y'ivanguramoko yari yaratangiye mu gihe cy'ubukoloni bw'Abaholandi n'Abongereza. Hashingiwe ku mategeko ya '''Indian Act''' yo muri Kanada, abaturage bashyizwe mu byiciro bitatu: '''Abazungu''', '''Abirabura''', n''''Abahinde n'Abavangavanze (Coloureds)''', buri tsinda rigenerwa uburenganzira n'imbogamizi zitandukanye. Guverinoma yari iyobowe n'Abazungu bake yashyizeho ku mugaragaro politiki y'ivanguramoko yiswe '''Apartheid'''. Mu gihe Abazungu babagaho ubuzima bwiza bugereranywa n'ubwo mu bihugu byateye imbere byo mu Burengerazuba, Abirabura bo bakomeje guhezwa mu bijyanye n'uburezi, amafaranga binjizaga, amazu ndetse n'icyizere cyo kubaho igihe kirekire. Mu '''1955''', '''Freedom Charter''' yemejwe n'ihuriro rya Congress Alliance, isaba ko habaho igihugu kitagira ivangura rishingiye ku moko. Ku wa '''31 Gicurasi 1961''', Afurika y'Epfo yabaye repubulika nyuma ya referandumu yemerewe gusa Abazungu. Intara ya '''Natal''' yiganjemo abayobokaga u Bwongereza yarwanyije uwo mwanzuro. '''Elizabeth II''' yambuwe izina ry'Umwamikazi wa Afurika y'Epfo, maze '''Charles Robberts Swart''' aba Perezida wa mbere wa Repubulika. Mu '''1983''', itegekonshinga rya '''P. W. Botha''' ryakuyeho umwanya wa Minisitiri w'Intebe, rishyiraho Perezida ufite ububasha bukomeye. Muri uwo mwaka wa 1961, Afurika y'Epfo yanikuye mu muryango wa '''Commonwealth of Nations''' kubera igitutu cy'ibihugu biwugize. Nubwo Apartheid yarwanywaga n'abaturage bo mu gihugu no ku rwego mpuzamahanga, guverinoma yakomeje kuyishyigikira. Inzego z'umutekano zakandamizaga abatavuga rumwe n'ubutegetsi, mu gihe imitwe nka '''African National Congress (ANC)''', '''Azanian People's Organisation''' na '''Pan-Africanist Congress''' yakoraga ibikorwa byo kurwanya ubutegetsi birimo intambara y'udutsiko no gusenya ibikorwa remezo. Kubera politiki y'ivanguramoko, ibihugu byinshi byahagaritse ubucuruzi n'Afurika y'Epfo, biza no kuyifatira ibihano mpuzamahanga no gukuramo ishoramari ryabyo. === Nyuma ya Apartheid === Mu '''1974''', '''Mahlabatini Declaration of Faith''', yashyizweho umukono na '''Mangosuthu Buthelezi''' na '''Harry Schwarz''', yashyize imbere amahame yo guhererekanya ubutegetsi mu mahoro no guha abaturage bose uburenganzira bungana. Mu '''1993''', Perezida '''F.W. de Klerk''' yatangiye ibiganiro na '''Nelson Mandela''' bigamije kurangiza Apartheid no gushyiraho ubutegetsi bushingiye kuri demokarasi. Mu '''1990''', guverinoma ya '''National Party''' yatangiye gukuraho Apartheid ikuraho ibihano byari byarafatiwe '''ANC''' n'indi mitwe ya politiki. '''Nelson Mandela''' yafunguwe nyuma yo kumara imyaka '''27''' muri gereza. Nyuma y'ibiganiro n'amatora ya referandumu yo mu '''1992''', Afurika y'Epfo yakoze amatora rusange ya mbere mu '''1994''', atsindwa ku bwiganze na '''ANC'''. Nyuma y'ayo matora, igihugu cyongeye kwinjira muri '''Commonwealth of Nations''' ndetse kiba umunyamuryango wa '''Southern African Development Community (SADC)'''. Nyuma ya Apartheid, Afurika y'Epfo yakomeje kugira ituze rya politiki nubwo yahuye n'ibibazo birimo ubushomeri n'ubusumbane bukabije mu bukungu. Igihugu cyagize kandi ibihe by'urugomo, birimo imyigaragambyo yo mu '''2008''' yibasiraga abanyamahanga, yahitanye abantu barenga '''60''' ikanahungisha abarenga '''100,000'''. Mu '''2012''', habaye '''ubwicanyi bwa Marikana''', bwabaye bwo bwicanyi bukomeye bwakozwe n'inzego z'umutekano ku baturage kuva imyigaragambyo ya '''Soweto'''. Mu gihe cya Perezida '''Jacob Zuma''', ruswa n'iyigarurirwa ry'inzego za Leta byabaye ikibazo gikomeye. Ifungwa rye by'agateganyo mu '''2021''' ryateje imvururu zahitanye abantu '''354'''. Kuva mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 21, ishyaka '''ANC''' ryagiye ritakaza imbaraga mu matora. Mu matora rusange yo mu '''2024''', ku nshuro ya mbere ryananiwe kubona ubwiganze busesuye mu Nteko Ishinga Amategeko. Nyuma y'ayo matora, Perezida '''Cyril Ramaphosa''' yashyizeho '''Guverinoma y'Ubumwe bw'Igihugu (Government of National Unity)''' ifatanyije n'andi mashyaka, harimo '''Democratic Alliance'''. == Imiterere y'Igihugu == Afurika y'Epfo iherereye mu majyepfo y'umugabane wa Afurika, ikagira inkombe z'inyanja zifite uburebure burenga '''kilometero 2,500''', zihana imbibi n'<nowiki/>'''Inyanja ya Atalantika y'Amajyepfo''' ndetse n''''Inyanja y'u Buhinde'''. Ifite ubuso bungana na '''kilometero kare 1,219,912''', bikayigira igihugu cya '''24''' kinini ku isi. Uretse ibirwa bya '''Prince Edward''', igihugu kiri hagati ya dogere '''22° na 35° z'amajyepfo (S)''' na dogere '''16° na 33° z'iburasirazuba (E)'''. Igice kinini cy'imbere mu gihugu kigizwe n'ikibaya kinini kiri ku butumburuke buri hagati ya '''metero 1,000 na 2,100''' hejuru y'inyanja. Iki kibaya kiri hejuru cyane mu burasirazuba, kikagenda kigabanuka buhoro buhoro werekeza iburengerazuba, amajyaruguru n'amajyepfo y'iburengerazuba. Gikikijwe n'umusozi muremure uzwi nka '''Great Escarpment''', aho igice cyawo cyo mu burasirazuba kandi kiri hejuru cyane cyitwa '''Drakensberg'''. Umusozi wa '''Mafadi''', uherereye muri Drakensberg, ni wo muremure kurusha indi muri Afurika y'Epfo, ufite ubuhagarike bwa '''metero 3,450''' hejuru y'inyanja. Umupaka uhuza intara ya '''KwaZulu-Natal''' na '''Lesotho''' unyura ku gice kiri hejuru cyane cya Great Escarpment, kigera ku butumburuke burenga '''metero 3,000'''. Igice cy'amajyepfo n'icy'amajyepfo y'iburengerazuba cy'iki kibaya, hamwe n'ikibaya kiri munsi yacyo, kizwi nka '''Great Karoo''', akarere kagizwe ahanini n'ibihuru byo mu butayu kandi gatuwe n'abaturage bake. Mu majyaruguru, Great Karoo ikomeza ihinduka '''Bushmanland''', na yo ikaza kugana mu '''Butayu bwa Kalahari''' buri mu majyaruguru y'iburengerazuba bw'igihugu. Igice cyo hagati no mu burasirazuba cy'ikibaya kizwi nka '''Highveld''', kikaba gifite imvura ihagije, ubutaka bwera ndetse kikaba ari cyo gice gikorwamo ubuhinzi bw'ubucuruzi ku rugero runini. Aha ni na ho hari intara ya '''Gauteng''', ifite abaturage benshi kurusha izindi. Mu majyaruguru ya Highveld hari '''Bushveld''', igenda imanuka ikagera mu kibaya cya '''Limpopo Lowveld'''. Agace k'inkombe kari munsi ya Great Escarpment, guhera mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba, kagizwe na '''Limpopo Lowveld''', gakomeza muri '''Mpumalanga Lowveld''', munsi ya '''Mpumalanga Drakensberg'''. Aka gace karangwa n'ubushyuhe bwinshi n'imvura nke ugereranyije na Highveld, kandi ubuhinzi ntibuhakorwa cyane. Muri aka karere ni ho haherereye '''Pariki y'Igihugu ya Kruger (Kruger National Park)''', imwe mu z'ingenzi muri Afurika, ifite ubuso bungana na '''kilometero kare 19,633'''. Mu majyepfo n'amajyepfo y'iburengerazuba, munsi ya Great Escarpment, hari imisozi ya '''Cape Fold Mountains''', irambuye ibangikanye n'inkombe z'inyanja. Hagati y'imisozi ya '''Outeniqua''' na '''Langeberg''' mu majyepfo n'umusozi wa '''Swartberg''' mu majyaruguru hari akarere kitwa '''Little Karoo''', kagizwe n'ibihuru byo mu butayu busa n'ubwa Great Karoo, nubwo igice cyegereye Swartberg kibona imvura nyinshi bityo kikaba gikorwamo ubuhinzi kurushaho. Little Karoo izwi cyane kubera ubworozi bw''''imbuni (ostriches)''', cyane cyane hafi y'umujyi wa '''Oudtshoorn'''. Agace k'inkombe kari hagati y'imisozi ya Outeniqua na Langeberg n'Inyanja yitiriwe Atalantika kazwi nka '''Garden Route'''. Aka karere kagwa imvura ihagije umwaka wose kandi karimo amashyamba manini kurusha ahandi muri Afurika y'Epfo. Mu majyepfo y'iburengerazuba bw'igihugu hari '''Cape Peninsula''', igice kigize amaherezo y'amajyepfo y'inkombe z'igihugu. Iki gice gifite '''ikirere cya Mediterane''', kikaba ari cyo gice rukumbi cyo munsi y'Ubutayu bwa Sahara cyakira imvura nyinshi mu gihe cy'itumba. Mu burengerazuba bw'inkombe, uhereye mu majyaruguru ya Cape Peninsula, hari akarere ka '''Swartland''' na '''Malmesbury Plain''', kazwi cyane mu buhinzi bw'ingano bushingiye ku mvura y'itumba. Mu majyaruguru yaho hari '''Namaqualand''', igenda irushaho gukama yegereye '''Uruzi rwa Orange'''. Nubwo aka karere kagwa imvura nke, iyo imvura yaguye mu gihe cy'itumba, mu mpeshyi (Kanama–Nzeri) huzura indabo z'amoko menshi zigakwira mu bibaya, bikaba kimwe mu bintu bikurura ba mukerarugendo benshi ku isi. Afurika y'Epfo ifite kandi ibirwa byo mu Nyanja y'Amajyepfo bizwi nka '''Prince Edward Islands''', bigizwe na '''Marion Island''' ifite ubuso bwa '''kilometero kare 290''' na '''Prince Edward Island''' ifite ubuso bwa '''kilometero kare 45'''. == Ikirere == Afurika y'Epfo ifite ikirere giciriritse muri rusange, bitewe n'uko ikikijwe n'Inyanja ya Atalantika n'Inyanja y'u Buhinde ku mpande eshatu, ikaba iri mu gice cy'amajyepfo y'Isi gifite ikirere kidakabije, ndetse n'uko ubutumburuke bw'igihugu bugenda bwiyongera werekeza mu majyaruguru no hagati mu gihugu. Imiterere y'ubutaka n'ingaruka z'inyanja bituma igihugu kigira ubwoko butandukanye bw'ikirere. Mu majyaruguru y'iburengerazuba hari ubutayu bwa '''Namib''' bufite ubushyuhe n'ubukame bukabije, mu gihe mu burasirazuba, ku mupaka wa '''Mozambike''' n'Inyanja y'u Buhinde, hari ikirere cy'ubushyuhe n'imvura nyinshi (subtropical). Igihe cy'itumba muri Afurika y'Epfo kiba hagati ya '''Kamena na Kanama'''. Mu majyepfo y'iburengerazuba, ikirere gisa n'icya '''Mediterane''', kirangwa n'imvura mu itumba n'impeshyi ishyushye kandi yumye. Aka karere kazwi cyane kubera urusobe rw'ibimera rwa '''fynbos''', kandi ni na ko gakorerwamo divayi nyinshi z'Afurika y'Epfo. Karangwa kandi n'umuyaga uhuha hafi umwaka wose, ibintu byatumye kera amato menshi akora impanuka igihe yanyuraga ku '''Cape of Good Hope'''. Mu burasirazuba bw'inkombe z'amajyepfo, imvura igwa neza mu mezi yose y'umwaka, bigatuma hahora hari ibimera byinshi n'ubutaka butoshye. Intara ya '''Free State''' irangwa n'ubutaka buringaniye kuko iherereye ku kibaya kinini cyo hagati mu gihugu. Mu majyaruguru y'uruzi rwa '''Vaal''', akarere ka '''Highveld''' kagira imvura ihagije kandi ubushyuhe ntibukabije nk'ubwo mu bice byo ku nkombe. Umujyi wa '''Johannesburg''', uherereye hagati ya Highveld ku butumburuke bwa metero '''1,740''' hejuru y'inyanja, ugwa imvura igera kuri '''milimetero 760''' ku mwaka. Igihe cy'itumba muri aka karere kirakonja, nubwo urubura rugwa gake. Ahantu hakonja kurusha ahandi ku mugabane wa Afurika y'Epfo ni '''Buffelsfontein''' mu ntara ya '''Eastern Cape''', aho mu mwaka wa '''2013''' handitswe ubushyuhe bwa '''−20.1 °C'''. Nubwo ibirwa bya '''Prince Edward Islands''' bikonja kurushaho muri rusange, Buffelsfontein ni ho hamaze gupimwa ubushyuhe bwo hasi cyane ku mugabane w'igihugu. Ku rundi ruhande, ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwemewe n'amategeko bwapimwe muri '''Vioolsdrif''' muri '''Mutarama 1993''', bugera kuri '''48.8 °C''', nubwo hari inyandiko zivuga ko mu '''1948''' higeze gupimwa '''51.7 °C''' hafi ya '''Upington''', ariko ibyo ntibyemewe ku mugaragaro kuko ibikoresho byakoreshejwe bitari bisanzwe. Imihindagurikire y'ikirere ikomeje kugira ingaruka zikomeye muri Afurika y'Epfo, zirimo izamuka ry'ubushyuhe n'ihindagurika ry'imvura. Ibiza biterwa n'ikirere, nk'amapfa n'inkongi z'umuriro, biragenda byiyongera kandi bikarushaho gukaza ubukana. Ibi bishyira mu kaga umutungo kamere, amazi, umusaruro w'ubuhinzi, ubuzima bw'abaturage n'urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima. Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe n'<nowiki/>'''South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI)''' bugaragaza ko bitarenze '''2050''', ubushyuhe bushobora kwiyongera hafi ya '''1 °C''' ku nkombe z'inyanja, naho mu bice by'imbere mu gihugu nk''''Northern Cape''' bukiyongera kurenga '''4 °C'''. Akarere ka '''Cape Floral Region''', kazwi cyane kubera ibimera byihariye, gashobora kuzibasirwa cyane n'iyi mihindagurikire, bikaba byanashyira amoko menshi y'ibimera n'inyamaswa mu kaga ko kuzimira. Afurika y'Epfo yasohoye raporo z'igihugu ku mihindagurikire y'ikirere mu '''2011''' no mu '''2016'''. Ni kimwe mu bihugu bisohora imyuka myinshi ya '''carbone dioxyde (CO₂)''' ku isi, cyane cyane kubera gukoresha amakara na peteroli nk'isoko rikuru ry'ingufu. Mu rwego rwo kubahiriza amasezerano mpuzamahanga yo kurengera ibidukikije, igihugu cyiyemeje ko imyuka ihumanya ikirere kizayigeza ku rwego rwo hejuru hagati ya '''2020 na 2025''', hanyuma igatangira kugabanuka.[[Dosiye:Ciudad_del_Cabo_desde_Cabeza_de_León,_Sudáfrica,_2018-07-22,_DD_34.jpg|thumb|Ciudad del Cabo desde Cabeza de León, Sudáfrica, 2018-07-22, DD 34]] {{Afurika}} [[Category:Afurika y’Epfo]] [[Category:Afurika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] f5o4kvfd5esjb6ohdg4u7ztvl5rj9uj 133902 133901 2026-07-21T04:53:16Z B.Scalling 15089 /* Ikirere */ 133902 wikitext text/x-wiki {| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+<big>'''Afurika y’Epfo'''</big> |- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan=2 | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |- | align="center" width="140px" | [[File:Flag of South Africa.svg|125px]] | align="center" width="140px" | [[File:Coat of arms of South Africa (heraldic).svg|125px]] |- | align="center" width="140px" | [[Ibendera rya Repubulika y’u Rwanda|<span style="color:grey">Ibendera ry’Afurika y’Epfo</span>]] | align="center" width="140px" | [[Ikimenyetso mpamo cy’inyandiko za Leta y’u Afurika y’Epfo|<span style="color:grey">Ikimenyetso mpamo cy’inyandiko za Leta y’u Afurika y’Epfo</span>]] |} |- | align=center colspan=2 | [[File:South Africa (orthographic projection).svg|300px]] |} '''Afurika y'Epfo''', ku izina ryayo ryemewe n'amategeko '''Repubulika y'Afurika y'Epfo (Republic of South Africa – RSA)''', ni igihugu giherereye mu majyepfo y'umugabane wa Afurika. Kigizwe n'intara icyenda. Mu majyepfo gihana imbibi n'inyanja ku nkombe zifite uburebure bwa kilometero 2,798 zogerwa n'Inyanja ya Atalantika y'Amajyepfo n'Inyanja y'u Buhinde. Mu majyaruguru gihana imbibi na Namibiya, Botswana na Zimbabwe, mu burasirazuba no mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba kigahana imbibi na Mozambike na Eswatini, kandi kizengurutse igihugu cya Lesotho. Gifite ubuso bungana na kilometero kare 1,221,037, kikaba gituwe n'abaturage barenga miliyoni 63, bityo kikaba ari igihugu cya gatandatu gituwe n'abaturage benshi ku mugabane wa Afurika. [[Dosiye:Cape-town-port-boats.jpg|center|thumb|320x320px|cape town]] === Inkomoko y'izina === Izina '''"Afurika y'Epfo"''' rikomoka ku mwanya w'iki gihugu ku mugabane wa Afurika, kuko giherereye ku mpera y'amajyepfo yawo. Igihe cyashingwaga, cyiswe '''Ubumwe bw'Afurika y'Epfo (Union of South Africa)''' mu Cyongereza na '''Unie van Zuid-Afrika''' mu Kidage (Dutch), bigaragaza ko cyaturutse ku ihuzwa ry'ubukoloni bune bwari buyobowe n'u Bwongereza. Kuva mu mwaka wa '''1961''', izina ryemewe n'amategeko mu Cyongereza ryabaye '''Repubulika y'Afurika y'Epfo (Republic of South Africa)''', naho mu rurimi rw''''Ikinyafurikansi (Afrikaans)''' ryitwa '''Republiek van Suid-Afrika'''. Kugeza ubu, iki gihugu gifite amazina yemewe mu ndimi zacyo '''12 zemewe n'amategeko'''. Ijambo '''Mzansi''', rikomoka ku izina '''uMzantsi''' ryo mu rurimi rw'Ikixhosa risobanura '''"Amajyepfo"''', ni izina rikunze gukoreshwa mu mvugo ya buri munsi bavuga Afurika y'Epfo. Hari kandi amashyaka amwe n'amwe ashyigikira ihame rya '''Pan-Afurikanisime''' akoresha izina '''Azania''', nubwo iri jambo rikomoka mu Kigereki aho kudakomoka mu ndimi nyafurika. === Amazina === :izina mu [[cyongereza]] : '''Republic of South Africa''' :izina mu [[kinyafurikansi]] : '''Republiek van Suid-Afrika''' :izina mu [[kindebele]] (amajyepfo) : '''IRiphabliki yeSewula Afrika''' :izina mu [[kigisosa]] : '''IRiphabliki yaseMzantsi Afrika''' :izina mu [[kizulu]] : '''IRiphabliki yaseNingizimu Afrika''' :izina mu [[gisotho]] (amajyaruguru) : '''Rephaboliki ya Afrika-Borwa''' :izina mu [[gisotho]] (amajyepfo) : '''Rephaboliki ya Afrika Borwa''' :izina mu [[gitswana]] : '''Rephaboliki ya Aforika Borwa''' :izina mu [[giswati]] : '''IRiphabhulikhi yeNingizimu Afrika''' :izina mu [[kivenda]] : '''Riphabuḽiki ya Afurika Tshipembe'''[[File:Boulders_Beach,_South_Africa.jpg|thumb|Boulders Beach, South Africa]]izina mu [[gitsonga]] : '''Riphabliki ra Afrika Dzon''' == Amateka == === Amateka ya kera (Prehistory) === Afurika y'Epfo ibarizwamo hamwe mu hantu ha kera cyane ku isi habonetse ibisigazwa by'ibimenyetso by'amateka (archaeology) n'ibisigazwa by'abakurambere b'abantu (hominin fossils). Abashakashatsi mu by'amateka ya kera bavumbuye ibisigazwa byinshi mu buvumo butandukanye bwo mu ntara ya '''Gauteng''', buzwi ku izina rya '''Cradle of Humankind''' ("Igicumbi cy'Ikiremwamuntu"), ahantu hemewe na '''UNESCO''' nk'Umurage w'Isi. Muri ibyo bibanza harimo '''Sterkfontein''', imwe mu hantu habonetse ibisigazwa byinshi by'abakurambere b'abantu kurusha ahandi ku isi, ndetse na '''Swartkrans''', '''Gondolin Cave''', '''Kromdraai''', '''Cooper's Cave''' na '''Malapa'''. Igisigazwa cya mbere cy'umukurambere w'umuntu cyavumbuwe muri Afurika, kizwi nka '''Taung Child''', cyabonetse hafi ya '''Taung''' mu mwaka wa '''1924'''. Ibindi bisigazwa byabonetse ahitwa '''Makapansgat''' muri '''Limpopo''', '''Cornelia''' na '''Florisbad''' muri '''Free State''', '''Border Cave''' muri '''KwaZulu-Natal''', '''Klasies River Caves''' muri '''Eastern Cape''', ndetse na '''Pinnacle Point''', '''Elandsfontein''' na '''Die Kelders Cave''' muri '''Western Cape'''.Ibi byavumbuwe bigaragaza ko amoko atandukanye y'abakurambere b'abantu yabaye muri Afurika y'Epfo guhera hafi ku myaka '''miliyoni eshatu''' ishize. Muri ayo moko harimo '''Australopithecus africanus''', '''Australopithecus sediba''', '''Homo ergaster''', '''Homo erectus''', '''Homo rhodesiensis''', '''Homo helmei''', '''Homo naledi''', ndetse n'abantu b'iki gihe ('''Homo sapiens'''). Abantu b'iki gihe bamaze nibura imyaka '''170,000''' batuye mu majyepfo ya Afurika. Nanone, abashakashatsi bavumbuye ibikoresho bya kera byakozwe mu mabuye (pebble tools) mu kibaya cy'uruzi rwa '''Vaal''', bikaba ari ibimenyetso by'ibikorwa by'abantu ba kera muri ako karere. === Igihe cyabanjirije ubukoloni === Abaturage ba mbere bari batuye mu majyepfo ya Afurika ni '''Abasan (San)''' n''''Abakhoikhoi (Khoikhoi)'''. Abasan ahanini batungwaga no guhiga no kwegeranya imyaka yimeza, mu gihe Abakhoikhoi bo, uretse guhiga no kwegeranya, banororaga amatungo. Abantu b'Abakhoisan bashobora kuba bakomoka ku bantu ba mbere bafite imiterere y'umuntu w'iki gihe bageze mu majyepfo ya Afurika mbere y'imyaka '''150,000''' ishize. Nyuma yaho, benshi muri bo basimbuwe cyangwa bashyirwa mu yandi moko bitewe n'ikwirakwira ry'Ababantu (Bantu Expansion) ryabaye hagati y'imyaka '''2,000 na 1,500''' ishize. Abantu bavuga indimi z'Ababantu batangiye kwimukira mu majyepfo baturutse mu burengerazuba bwa Afurika ahagana mu mwaka wa '''3000 Mbere ya Yezu (BCE)'''. Mu kinyejana cya kane n'icya gatanu, abaturage bavuga indimi z'Ababantu bari bamaze gutura mu majyepfo y'uruzi rwa '''Limpopo''', ubu rukaba rugize umupaka wa Afurika y'Epfo na Botswana na Zimbabwe. Bari abahinzi, aborozi kandi bazi gukoresha ibyuma. Ahantu ha mbere hazwi hakorerwaga ibyuma muri '''KwaZulu-Natal''' hateganywa ko hashinzwe ahagana mu mwaka wa '''1050'''. Itsinda ryageze kure mu majyepfo ni iry''''Abaxhosa (Xhosa)''', ururimi rwabo rukaba rwarafashe bimwe mu biranga indimi z'Abakhoisan. Mu rugendo rwabo rwo kwimuka, abo baturage bo mu Gihe cy'Ibyuma basimbuye cyangwa binjiza mu muryango wabo abaturage bari bahatuye mbere. Mu ntara ya '''Mpumalanga''' habonetse uruziga rw'amabuye n'ibindi bimenyetso bya kera birimo ahazwi nka '''Adam's Calendar''', bikekwa ko byubatswe n'Ababakone, ishami ry'Abasotho bo mu Majyaruguru. Ahagana mu mwaka wa '''1220''', abayobozi b'umuryango wa '''K2''' bimukiye ku musozi wa '''Mapungubwe''', aho bashinze umurwa mukuru w'Ubwami bwa '''Mapungubwe''', abaturage basanzwe batura munsi yawo. Imihango yo gusaba imvura yari ifite uruhare rukomeye mu butegetsi bwabo, kandi ahantu henshi hakorerwaga iyo mihango haracyagaragara muri ako karere. Mu mwaka wa '''1250''', umurwa mukuru wa Mapungubwe wari utuwe n'abaturage bagera ku '''5,000''', ubwami bukaba bwarafite ubuso bwa kilometero kare '''30,000''' kandi bukungukira cyane ku bucuruzi bwakorwaga n'ibihugu byo ku Nyanja y'u Buhinde. Impamvu zatumye ubwo bwami busenyuka ahagana mu mwaka wa '''1300''' ntizizwi neza, ariko guhinduka kw'inzira z'ubucuruzi zerekeza ku ruzi rwa '''Zambezi''' byagize uruhare mu kuzamuka kw'Ubwami bwa '''Great Zimbabwe'''. Nyuma y'ibyo, umusozi wa Mapungubwe waratereranywe, abaturage baho baratatana. Hagati y'ikinyejana cya 15 n'icya 17, imikoranire hagati y'Abashona ba mbere, abandi Bashona bimukiye nyuma ndetse n'abavuga Ikinyasotho mu karere ka '''Soutpansberg''' yatumye havuka ururimi n'ubwoko bw''''Abavenda (Venda)'''. Mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 17, itsinda ry''''Abasingo (Singo)''' rikomoka ku Bwami bwa '''Rozvi''' ryimukiye mu majyepfo, rishinga icyicaro cyarwo i '''Dzata''', cyabaye umurwa mukuru w'Ubwami bwa Venda. Mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 18, ubwami bwatangiye gusenyuka bitewe n'ihinduka ry'inzira z'ubucuruzi. Mu miryango yakomeje kugira imbaraga harimo '''Ramabulana Singo''' mu burengerazuba bwa Soutpansberg, na '''Tshivhase Singo''' hamwe na '''Mphaphuli Singo''' mu burasirazuba bwaho. === Ubushakashatsi bw'Abanyaporutigari === Mu mwaka wa '''1487''', umushakashatsi w'Umunyaportigali '''Bartolomeu Dias''' yayoboye urugendo rwa mbere rw'Abanyaburayi rwageze ku nkombe z'amajyepfo ya Afurika. Ku wa '''4 Ukuboza 1487''', yageze ku cyambu cya '''Walfisch Bay''' (ubu cyitwa '''Walvis Bay''' muri Namibiya). Yakomeje akurikiye inkombe z'iburengerazuba bwa Afurika y'Epfo, ariko nyuma y'itariki ya '''8 Mutarama 1488''' inkubi z'umuyaga zamubujije gukomeza akurikira inkombe, bituma arenga agace k'amajyepfo ya Afurika atakabonye. Mu kwezi kwa Gicurasi 1488 yageze ku ruzi yise '''Rio do Infante''', bikekwa ko ari uruzi rwa '''Groot River''' rw'ubu. Agarutse yabonye ikinyura yise '''Cabo das Tormentas''' ("Umutwe w'Inkubi z'Umuyaga"), ariko Umwami '''John II''' wa Porutigali aza kukihindurira izina akita '''Cabo da Boa Esperança (Cape of Good Hope)''', kubera ko cyafunguraga inzira y'ubucuruzi bugana mu Burasirazuba bw'u Buhinde. Uru rugendo rwa Dias rwaje kwamamara cyane binyuze mu gisigo '''Os Lusíadas''', cyanditswe na '''Luís de Camões''' mu mwaka wa '''1572'''. Mu mwaka wa '''1497''', '''Vasco da Gama''' yahagurutse i Lisbon yerekeza mu rugendo rwamugejeje mu Buhinde mu '''1498''' anyuze ku '''Cape of Good Hope''', bityo afungura inzira y'ubucuruzi bwo mu nyanja hagati y'u Burayi na Aziya. Mu rugendo rwe yanyuze ku nkombe z'igice ubu kigize Afurika y'Epfo, ariko ahagarara ku butaka bwa '''Mozambike''' y'ubu. === Ubukoloni bw'Abaholandi n'Abongereza muri Cape === Abaholandi bageze bwa mbere ku nkombe z'amajyepfo ya Afurika mu mwaka wa '''1595'''. Mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 17, ubwo ububasha bwa Porutigali mu bwikorezi bwo mu nyanja bwagendaga bugabanuka, abacuruzi b'Abongereza n'Abaholandi batangiye guhatanira kwigarurira ubucuruzi bw'ibirungo bwari bwariganjemo na Porutigali. Guhera mu mwaka wa '''1601''', sosiyete y'Abongereza y'Ubucuruzi n'u Buhinde (British East India Company) yajyaga ihagarara ku '''Cape''' ishaka ibiribwa n'amazi yo guha amato, ariko nyuma ihitamo gukoresha ibirwa bya '''Ascension''' na '''Saint Helena''' nk'ibyambu byo kuruhukiraho. Mu mwaka wa '''1647''', abakozi babiri ba Sosiyete y'Abaholandi y'Ubucuruzi n'u Buhinde (Dutch East India Company) bakoze impanuka y'ubwato kuri Cape maze bahamara amezi menshi. Babashije kubaho babikesha amazi meza, inyama bahawe n'abaturage bahasangaga ndetse no guhinga ku butaka bwera. Basubiye mu Buholandi batangaza ko Cape yari ahantu heza ho kubaka ikigo cyo kubikamo ibiribwa no gutegurira amato akora ingendo ndende. Mu mwaka wa '''1652''', nyuma y'imyaka hafi 150 inzira ya Cape imenyekanye, '''Jan van Riebeeck''' yashinze ikigo cyo gutanga ibiribwa n'ibikoresho ku mato ku '''Cape of Good Hope''', ahaje kuvamo umujyi wa '''Cape Town''', abihagarariye Sosiyete y'Abaholandi y'Ubucuruzi n'u Buhinde. Nyuma y'aho Cape yabaye ubuturo bw'abaturage benshi b'Abaholandi bigenzuraga, bazwi nka '''Free Burghers'''. Abacuruzi b'Abaholandi banazanye imbata ibihumbi baturutse muri '''Indonesiya''', '''Madagasikari''' no mu burasirazuba bwa Afurika. Uku kuvanga abaturage kwatumye havuka itsinda rishya rizwi nka '''Cape Coloureds''', benshi muri bo bakaba barakoresheje ururimi rw'Ikidage cy'Abaholandi (Dutch) kandi bakemera Ubukristo. Guhera mu kinyejana cya 17, havutse amakimbirane hagati y'Abakhoisan n'Abaholandi bapfaga ubutaka n'indi mitungo, ayo makimbirane akomeza imyaka myinshi. Kwaguka kw'Abaholandi berekeza iburasirazuba kwatumye barwana n'Abaxhosa, kuko impande zombi zashakaga kugenzura urwuri rwo hafi y'uruzi rwa '''Great Fish River'''. Abahinzi b'Abaholandi bigenga bari batuye ku mipaka bitwaga '''Boers''', naho bamwe muri bo bitwaga '''Trekboers''' kubera imibereho yabo yo kwimuka bimwe na bimwe. Boers bashyizeho imitwe yitwaje intwaro yitwaga '''commandos''', ndetse bagirana ubufatanye n'Abakhoisan mu guhangana n'ibitero by'Abaxhosa. Impande zombi zagabye ibitero byinshi byamennye amaraso, ariko nta ruhande rwabashije gutsinda burundu urundi, bityo urugomo no kwiba amatungo bikomeza kuba ikibazo mu gihe kirekire. Mu myaka ya '''1795–1803''', u Bwongereza bwigaruriye '''Cape Town''' kugira ngo butayirekera u Bufaransa. Mu '''1803''', Cape yasubiye mu maboko y'Abaholandi igihe gito, ariko mu '''1806''' yongera kwigarurirwa n'u Bwongereza. Nyuma y'Intambara za Napoleon, Cape yemerewe ku mugaragaro kuba igice cy'Ubwami bw'u Bwongereza. Guhera mu '''1818''', Abongereza benshi batangiye kwimukira muri Afurika y'Epfo, maze mu '''1820''' hagera itsinda rinini ry'abimukira ryari rigamije kongera umubare w'abakozi b'Abanyaburayi no gukomeza kurinda imipaka y'ubukoloni ibitero by'Abaxhosa. === Mfecane n'ikwaguka ry'ubukoloni === Mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 19 habaye igihe cy'imvururu n'imihindagurikire gikomeye kizwi nka '''Mfecane''' ("gusenyuka" cyangwa "gutatanywa"), cyaranzwe n'intambara, kwimuka kw'abaturage no kuvuka kw'ubwami bushya. Ibi byatewe n'ihurirana ry'ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga, imihindagurikire y'ibidukikije ndetse n'ikwaguka ry'ubukoloni bw'Abanyaburayi. Ubwami butandukanye bwahanganiye kugenzura inzira z'ubucuruzi n'urwuri, bituma havuka ubwami bwa '''Ndwandwe''' na '''Mthethwa'''. Ndwandwe yatsinze Mthethwa, ariko nyuma ubwami bwayo burasenyuka, maze umwe mu bayobozi ba Mthethwa ari we '''Shaka''' ashinga kandi akomeza '''Ubwami bw'Abazulu (Zulu Kingdom)'''. Muri icyo gihe kandi havutse '''Ubwami bwa Gaza''', bwahanganye n'Abazulu. Mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 19, Abaholandi benshi bavuye muri Cape Colony bahunga ubutegetsi bw'Abongereza. Abo bimukira, bazwi nka '''Voortrekkers''', bimukiye mu turere twaje kuba '''Natal''', '''Free State''' na '''Transvaal'''. Nyuma yo gutsinda Abazulu mu '''Ntambara ya Blood River''' yabaye ku wa '''16 Ukuboza 1838''', bashinze za repubulika z'Ababuru zirimo '''Natalia Republic''', '''South African Republic''' na '''Orange Free State'''. Hagati mu gihugu, Cape Colony yakomeje kwaguka yigarurira ubutaka bw'Ababatswana n'Abagriqua, mu gihe Ubwami bwa '''Matabele''' bwariyongereye bukagaba ibitero ku Bwami bwa '''Venda'''. Ivumburwa rya '''diamant''' mu mwaka wa '''1867''' n'irya '''zahabu''' mu '''1884''' ryatangije igihe cyiswe '''Mineral Revolution''', cyihutishije iterambere ry'ubukungu, kwiyongera kw'abimukira no gukaza ubukoloni bw'Abongereza ku baturage kavukire. Kurwanira kugenzura ayo mabuye y'agaciro byagize uruhare rukomeye mu mibanire hagati y'Abanyaburayi n'Abanyafurika, ndetse no hagati y'Ababuru n'Abongereza. Ku wa '''16 Gicurasi 1876''', Perezida '''Thomas François Burgers''' wa Repubulika y'Afurika y'Epfo yatangaje intambara ku bwoko bw''''Abapedi'''. Umwami '''Sekhukhune''' yatsinze ingabo za Boers inshuro nyinshi, ariko nyuma y'uko Abongereza bagabye ibitero bikurikirana, bamutsinze mu '''Ugushyingo 1879''' bifashishije ingabo z'Abongereza, Ababuru n'Abaswazi. Muri uwo mwaka wa '''1879''', habaye '''Intambara y'Abongereza n'Abazulu (Anglo-Zulu War)'''. U Bwongereza bwifuzaga gushyiraho ihuriro ry'ibihugu muri Afurika y'Epfo nk'iryari rimaze kugerwaho muri Kanada. Mu '''1874''', '''Henry Bartle Frere''' yoherejwe muri Afurika y'Epfo nk'Intumwa Nkuru y'u Bwongereza kugira ngo ashyire mu bikorwa uwo mugambi. Nubwo Abazulu batsinze Abongereza mu '''Ntambara ya Isandlwana''', nyuma batsinzwe burundu, bituma '''Ubwami bw'Abazulu''' butakaza ubwigenge bwabwo. === Intambara z'Ababuru n'Ubwigenge === Repubulika z'Ababuru zashoboye guhangana n'igerageza ry'u Bwongereza ryo kuzigarurira mu '''Ntambara ya Mbere y'Ababuru (1880–1881)''', zikoresheje uburyo bwo kurwana bw'udutsiko (guerrilla warfare) bwari bubereye imiterere y'ako karere. Mu '''Ntambara ya Kabiri y'Ababuru (1899–1902)''', Abongereza bagarutse bafite ingabo nyinshi, uburambe n'ingamba nshya. Nubwo bahuye n'igihombo gikomeye, amaherezo batsinze biturutse ku gukoresha amayeri yo gutwika imitungo no gushyira abaturage mu nkambi z'ifungwa (concentration camps), aho abaturage b'Ababuru bagera ku '''27,000''' bapfiriye bazize indwara n'imibereho mibi. Nyuma y'izo ntambara, abaturage bo mu mijyi ya Afurika y'Epfo bariyongereye cyane, kandi abahinzi benshi b'Ababuru bahungiye mu mijyi yo muri '''Transvaal''' na '''Orange Free State''', aho bamwe baje kwitwa '''"Abazungu bakennye" (poor whites)'''. Muri icyo gihe, politiki y'Abazungu bo muri Afurika y'Epfo yarwanyaga ubutegetsi bw'u Bwongereza, igamije kugera ku bwigenge. Mu gihe cy'ubukoloni bw'Abaholandi n'Abongereza, ivangura rishingiye ku moko ryakorwaga ahanini mu buryo butanditse, ariko hashyizweho amategeko agenga aho abaturage kavukire bagombaga gutura n'uko bagendaga, harimo '''Native Location Act''' yo mu '''1879''' n'amategeko yabasabaga gutwara impushya z'inzira (pass laws). Nyuma y'imyaka umunani Intambara ya Kabiri y'Ababuru irangiye, ndetse n'imyaka ine y'imishyikirano, '''Itegeko rya Afurika y'Epfo ryo mu 1909 (South Africa Act 1909)''' ryashinzwe '''Ubumwe bw'Afurika y'Epfo (Union of South Africa)''' ku wa '''31 Gicurasi 1910''', riha igihugu ubwigenge bugarukira ku rwego runaka. Ubu bumwe bwari bugizwe n'ubukoloni bwa '''Cape''', '''Transvaal''', '''Natal''', hamwe na '''Orange Free State'''. Mu '''1913''', hashyizweho '''Itegeko ry'Ubutaka bw'Abasangwabutaka (Natives Land Act)''', ryagabanyije cyane uburenganzira bw'Abirabura bwo gutunga ubutaka, kuko icyo gihe bemerewe kugenzura hafi '''7%''' gusa by'ubutaka bw'igihugu. Nyuma, ubuso bwagenewe abaturage kavukire bwaje kongerwaho gato. Mu '''1931''', Ubumwe bw'Afurika y'Epfo bwabonye ubwigenge busesuye ku Bwami bw'u Bwongereza binyuze mu '''Statute of Westminster''', yakuyeho ububasha bw'Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y'u Bwongereza bwo gushyiraho amategeko muri Afurika y'Epfo. Mu '''1934''', '''South African Party''' na '''National Party''' byishyize hamwe bishinga '''United Party''', mu rwego rwo kunga Abafurikana n'Abazungu bavuga Icyongereza. Icyakora, mu '''1939''' iryo shyaka ryaracitse kubera kutumvikana ku kwinjira kw'Afurika y'Epfo mu Ntambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose ku ruhande rw'u Bwongereza. === Igihe cya Apartheid === Mu '''1948''', '''National Party''' yatsinze amatora maze ifata ubutegetsi. Yakomeje kandi ishimangira politiki y'ivanguramoko yari yaratangiye mu gihe cy'ubukoloni bw'Abaholandi n'Abongereza. Hashingiwe ku mategeko ya '''Indian Act''' yo muri Kanada, abaturage bashyizwe mu byiciro bitatu: '''Abazungu''', '''Abirabura''', n''''Abahinde n'Abavangavanze (Coloureds)''', buri tsinda rigenerwa uburenganzira n'imbogamizi zitandukanye. Guverinoma yari iyobowe n'Abazungu bake yashyizeho ku mugaragaro politiki y'ivanguramoko yiswe '''Apartheid'''. Mu gihe Abazungu babagaho ubuzima bwiza bugereranywa n'ubwo mu bihugu byateye imbere byo mu Burengerazuba, Abirabura bo bakomeje guhezwa mu bijyanye n'uburezi, amafaranga binjizaga, amazu ndetse n'icyizere cyo kubaho igihe kirekire. Mu '''1955''', '''Freedom Charter''' yemejwe n'ihuriro rya Congress Alliance, isaba ko habaho igihugu kitagira ivangura rishingiye ku moko. Ku wa '''31 Gicurasi 1961''', Afurika y'Epfo yabaye repubulika nyuma ya referandumu yemerewe gusa Abazungu. Intara ya '''Natal''' yiganjemo abayobokaga u Bwongereza yarwanyije uwo mwanzuro. '''Elizabeth II''' yambuwe izina ry'Umwamikazi wa Afurika y'Epfo, maze '''Charles Robberts Swart''' aba Perezida wa mbere wa Repubulika. Mu '''1983''', itegekonshinga rya '''P. W. Botha''' ryakuyeho umwanya wa Minisitiri w'Intebe, rishyiraho Perezida ufite ububasha bukomeye. Muri uwo mwaka wa 1961, Afurika y'Epfo yanikuye mu muryango wa '''Commonwealth of Nations''' kubera igitutu cy'ibihugu biwugize. Nubwo Apartheid yarwanywaga n'abaturage bo mu gihugu no ku rwego mpuzamahanga, guverinoma yakomeje kuyishyigikira. Inzego z'umutekano zakandamizaga abatavuga rumwe n'ubutegetsi, mu gihe imitwe nka '''African National Congress (ANC)''', '''Azanian People's Organisation''' na '''Pan-Africanist Congress''' yakoraga ibikorwa byo kurwanya ubutegetsi birimo intambara y'udutsiko no gusenya ibikorwa remezo. Kubera politiki y'ivanguramoko, ibihugu byinshi byahagaritse ubucuruzi n'Afurika y'Epfo, biza no kuyifatira ibihano mpuzamahanga no gukuramo ishoramari ryabyo. === Nyuma ya Apartheid === Mu '''1974''', '''Mahlabatini Declaration of Faith''', yashyizweho umukono na '''Mangosuthu Buthelezi''' na '''Harry Schwarz''', yashyize imbere amahame yo guhererekanya ubutegetsi mu mahoro no guha abaturage bose uburenganzira bungana. Mu '''1993''', Perezida '''F.W. de Klerk''' yatangiye ibiganiro na '''Nelson Mandela''' bigamije kurangiza Apartheid no gushyiraho ubutegetsi bushingiye kuri demokarasi. Mu '''1990''', guverinoma ya '''National Party''' yatangiye gukuraho Apartheid ikuraho ibihano byari byarafatiwe '''ANC''' n'indi mitwe ya politiki. '''Nelson Mandela''' yafunguwe nyuma yo kumara imyaka '''27''' muri gereza. Nyuma y'ibiganiro n'amatora ya referandumu yo mu '''1992''', Afurika y'Epfo yakoze amatora rusange ya mbere mu '''1994''', atsindwa ku bwiganze na '''ANC'''. Nyuma y'ayo matora, igihugu cyongeye kwinjira muri '''Commonwealth of Nations''' ndetse kiba umunyamuryango wa '''Southern African Development Community (SADC)'''. Nyuma ya Apartheid, Afurika y'Epfo yakomeje kugira ituze rya politiki nubwo yahuye n'ibibazo birimo ubushomeri n'ubusumbane bukabije mu bukungu. Igihugu cyagize kandi ibihe by'urugomo, birimo imyigaragambyo yo mu '''2008''' yibasiraga abanyamahanga, yahitanye abantu barenga '''60''' ikanahungisha abarenga '''100,000'''. Mu '''2012''', habaye '''ubwicanyi bwa Marikana''', bwabaye bwo bwicanyi bukomeye bwakozwe n'inzego z'umutekano ku baturage kuva imyigaragambyo ya '''Soweto'''. Mu gihe cya Perezida '''Jacob Zuma''', ruswa n'iyigarurirwa ry'inzego za Leta byabaye ikibazo gikomeye. Ifungwa rye by'agateganyo mu '''2021''' ryateje imvururu zahitanye abantu '''354'''. Kuva mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 21, ishyaka '''ANC''' ryagiye ritakaza imbaraga mu matora. Mu matora rusange yo mu '''2024''', ku nshuro ya mbere ryananiwe kubona ubwiganze busesuye mu Nteko Ishinga Amategeko. Nyuma y'ayo matora, Perezida '''Cyril Ramaphosa''' yashyizeho '''Guverinoma y'Ubumwe bw'Igihugu (Government of National Unity)''' ifatanyije n'andi mashyaka, harimo '''Democratic Alliance'''. == Imiterere y'Igihugu == Afurika y'Epfo iherereye mu majyepfo y'umugabane wa Afurika, ikagira inkombe z'inyanja zifite uburebure burenga '''kilometero 2,500''', zihana imbibi n'<nowiki/>'''Inyanja ya Atalantika y'Amajyepfo''' ndetse n''''Inyanja y'u Buhinde'''. Ifite ubuso bungana na '''kilometero kare 1,219,912''', bikayigira igihugu cya '''24''' kinini ku isi. Uretse ibirwa bya '''Prince Edward''', igihugu kiri hagati ya dogere '''22° na 35° z'amajyepfo (S)''' na dogere '''16° na 33° z'iburasirazuba (E)'''. Igice kinini cy'imbere mu gihugu kigizwe n'ikibaya kinini kiri ku butumburuke buri hagati ya '''metero 1,000 na 2,100''' hejuru y'inyanja. Iki kibaya kiri hejuru cyane mu burasirazuba, kikagenda kigabanuka buhoro buhoro werekeza iburengerazuba, amajyaruguru n'amajyepfo y'iburengerazuba. Gikikijwe n'umusozi muremure uzwi nka '''Great Escarpment''', aho igice cyawo cyo mu burasirazuba kandi kiri hejuru cyane cyitwa '''Drakensberg'''. Umusozi wa '''Mafadi''', uherereye muri Drakensberg, ni wo muremure kurusha indi muri Afurika y'Epfo, ufite ubuhagarike bwa '''metero 3,450''' hejuru y'inyanja. Umupaka uhuza intara ya '''KwaZulu-Natal''' na '''Lesotho''' unyura ku gice kiri hejuru cyane cya Great Escarpment, kigera ku butumburuke burenga '''metero 3,000'''. Igice cy'amajyepfo n'icy'amajyepfo y'iburengerazuba cy'iki kibaya, hamwe n'ikibaya kiri munsi yacyo, kizwi nka '''Great Karoo''', akarere kagizwe ahanini n'ibihuru byo mu butayu kandi gatuwe n'abaturage bake. Mu majyaruguru, Great Karoo ikomeza ihinduka '''Bushmanland''', na yo ikaza kugana mu '''Butayu bwa Kalahari''' buri mu majyaruguru y'iburengerazuba bw'igihugu. Igice cyo hagati no mu burasirazuba cy'ikibaya kizwi nka '''Highveld''', kikaba gifite imvura ihagije, ubutaka bwera ndetse kikaba ari cyo gice gikorwamo ubuhinzi bw'ubucuruzi ku rugero runini. Aha ni na ho hari intara ya '''Gauteng''', ifite abaturage benshi kurusha izindi. Mu majyaruguru ya Highveld hari '''Bushveld''', igenda imanuka ikagera mu kibaya cya '''Limpopo Lowveld'''. Agace k'inkombe kari munsi ya Great Escarpment, guhera mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba, kagizwe na '''Limpopo Lowveld''', gakomeza muri '''Mpumalanga Lowveld''', munsi ya '''Mpumalanga Drakensberg'''. Aka gace karangwa n'ubushyuhe bwinshi n'imvura nke ugereranyije na Highveld, kandi ubuhinzi ntibuhakorwa cyane. Muri aka karere ni ho haherereye '''Pariki y'Igihugu ya Kruger (Kruger National Park)''', imwe mu z'ingenzi muri Afurika, ifite ubuso bungana na '''kilometero kare 19,633'''. Mu majyepfo n'amajyepfo y'iburengerazuba, munsi ya Great Escarpment, hari imisozi ya '''Cape Fold Mountains''', irambuye ibangikanye n'inkombe z'inyanja. Hagati y'imisozi ya '''Outeniqua''' na '''Langeberg''' mu majyepfo n'umusozi wa '''Swartberg''' mu majyaruguru hari akarere kitwa '''Little Karoo''', kagizwe n'ibihuru byo mu butayu busa n'ubwa Great Karoo, nubwo igice cyegereye Swartberg kibona imvura nyinshi bityo kikaba gikorwamo ubuhinzi kurushaho. Little Karoo izwi cyane kubera ubworozi bw''''imbuni (ostriches)''', cyane cyane hafi y'umujyi wa '''Oudtshoorn'''. Agace k'inkombe kari hagati y'imisozi ya Outeniqua na Langeberg n'Inyanja yitiriwe Atalantika kazwi nka '''Garden Route'''. Aka karere kagwa imvura ihagije umwaka wose kandi karimo amashyamba manini kurusha ahandi muri Afurika y'Epfo. Mu majyepfo y'iburengerazuba bw'igihugu hari '''Cape Peninsula''', igice kigize amaherezo y'amajyepfo y'inkombe z'igihugu. Iki gice gifite '''ikirere cya Mediterane''', kikaba ari cyo gice rukumbi cyo munsi y'Ubutayu bwa Sahara cyakira imvura nyinshi mu gihe cy'itumba. Mu burengerazuba bw'inkombe, uhereye mu majyaruguru ya Cape Peninsula, hari akarere ka '''Swartland''' na '''Malmesbury Plain''', kazwi cyane mu buhinzi bw'ingano bushingiye ku mvura y'itumba. Mu majyaruguru yaho hari '''Namaqualand''', igenda irushaho gukama yegereye '''Uruzi rwa Orange'''. Nubwo aka karere kagwa imvura nke, iyo imvura yaguye mu gihe cy'itumba, mu mpeshyi (Kanama–Nzeri) huzura indabo z'amoko menshi zigakwira mu bibaya, bikaba kimwe mu bintu bikurura ba mukerarugendo benshi ku isi. Afurika y'Epfo ifite kandi ibirwa byo mu Nyanja y'Amajyepfo bizwi nka '''Prince Edward Islands''', bigizwe na '''Marion Island''' ifite ubuso bwa '''kilometero kare 290''' na '''Prince Edward Island''' ifite ubuso bwa '''kilometero kare 45'''. == Ikirere == Afurika y'Epfo ifite ikirere giciriritse muri rusange, bitewe n'uko ikikijwe n'Inyanja ya Atalantika n'Inyanja y'u Buhinde ku mpande eshatu, ikaba iri mu gice cy'amajyepfo y'Isi gifite ikirere kidakabije, ndetse n'uko ubutumburuke bw'igihugu bugenda bwiyongera werekeza mu majyaruguru no hagati mu gihugu. Imiterere y'ubutaka n'ingaruka z'inyanja bituma igihugu kigira ubwoko butandukanye bw'ikirere. Mu majyaruguru y'iburengerazuba hari ubutayu bwa '''Namib''' bufite ubushyuhe n'ubukame bukabije, mu gihe mu burasirazuba, ku mupaka wa '''[[Mozambike]]''' n'Inyanja y'u Buhinde, hari ikirere cy'ubushyuhe n'imvura nyinshi (subtropical). Igihe cy'itumba muri Afurika y'Epfo kiba hagati ya '''Kamena na Kanama'''. Mu majyepfo y'iburengerazuba, ikirere gisa n'icya '''Mediterane''', kirangwa n'imvura mu itumba n'impeshyi ishyushye kandi yumye. Aka karere kazwi cyane kubera urusobe rw'ibimera rwa '''fynbos''', kandi ni na ko gakorerwamo divayi nyinshi z'Afurika y'Epfo. Karangwa kandi n'umuyaga uhuha hafi umwaka wose, ibintu byatumye kera amato menshi akora impanuka igihe yanyuraga ku '''Cape of Good Hope'''. Mu burasirazuba bw'inkombe z'amajyepfo, imvura igwa neza mu mezi yose y'umwaka, bigatuma hahora hari ibimera byinshi n'ubutaka butoshye. Intara ya '''Free State''' irangwa n'ubutaka buringaniye kuko iherereye ku kibaya kinini cyo hagati mu gihugu. Mu majyaruguru y'uruzi rwa '''Vaal''', akarere ka '''Highveld''' kagira imvura ihagije kandi ubushyuhe ntibukabije nk'ubwo mu bice byo ku nkombe. Umujyi wa '''Johannesburg''', uherereye hagati ya Highveld ku butumburuke bwa metero '''1,740''' hejuru y'inyanja, ugwa imvura igera kuri '''milimetero 760''' ku mwaka. Igihe cy'itumba muri aka karere kirakonja, nubwo urubura rugwa gake. Ahantu hakonja kurusha ahandi ku mugabane wa Afurika y'Epfo ni '''Buffelsfontein''' mu ntara ya '''Eastern Cape''', aho mu mwaka wa '''2013''' handitswe ubushyuhe bwa '''−20.1 °C'''. Nubwo ibirwa bya '''Prince Edward Islands''' bikonja kurushaho muri rusange, Buffelsfontein ni ho hamaze gupimwa ubushyuhe bwo hasi cyane ku mugabane w'igihugu. Ku rundi ruhande, ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwemewe n'amategeko bwapimwe muri '''Vioolsdrif''' muri '''Mutarama 1993''', bugera kuri '''48.8 °C''', nubwo hari inyandiko zivuga ko mu '''1948''' higeze gupimwa '''51.7 °C''' hafi ya '''Upington''', ariko ibyo ntibyemewe ku mugaragaro kuko ibikoresho byakoreshejwe bitari bisanzwe. Imihindagurikire y'ikirere ikomeje kugira ingaruka zikomeye muri Afurika y'Epfo, zirimo izamuka ry'ubushyuhe n'ihindagurika ry'imvura. Ibiza biterwa n'ikirere, nk'amapfa n'inkongi z'umuriro, biragenda byiyongera kandi bikarushaho gukaza ubukana. Ibi bishyira mu kaga umutungo kamere, amazi, umusaruro w'ubuhinzi, ubuzima bw'abaturage n'urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima. Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe n'<nowiki/>'''South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI)''' bugaragaza ko bitarenze '''2050''', ubushyuhe bushobora kwiyongera hafi ya '''1 °C''' ku nkombe z'inyanja, naho mu bice by'imbere mu gihugu nk''''Northern Cape''' bukiyongera kurenga '''4 °C'''. Akarere ka '''Cape Floral Region''', kazwi cyane kubera ibimera byihariye, gashobora kuzibasirwa cyane n'iyi mihindagurikire, bikaba byanashyira amoko menshi y'ibimera n'inyamaswa mu kaga ko kuzimira. Afurika y'Epfo yasohoye raporo z'igihugu ku mihindagurikire y'ikirere mu '''2011''' no mu '''2016'''. Ni kimwe mu bihugu bisohora imyuka myinshi ya '''carbone dioxyde (CO₂)''' ku isi, cyane cyane kubera gukoresha amakara na peteroli nk'isoko rikuru ry'ingufu. Mu rwego rwo kubahiriza amasezerano mpuzamahanga yo kurengera ibidukikije, igihugu cyiyemeje ko imyuka ihumanya ikirere kizayigeza ku rwego rwo hejuru hagati ya '''2020 na 2025''', hanyuma igatangira kugabanuka.[[Dosiye:Ciudad_del_Cabo_desde_Cabeza_de_León,_Sudáfrica,_2018-07-22,_DD_34.jpg|thumb|Ciudad del Cabo desde Cabeza de León, Sudáfrica, 2018-07-22, DD 34]] {{Afurika}} [[Category:Afurika y’Epfo]] [[Category:Afurika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] mwtqlpg2f7fbwe2c9yr2jomfy9o2lwd 133908 133902 2026-07-21T13:37:39Z B.Scalling 15089 KONGERAMO AMAKURU 133908 wikitext text/x-wiki {| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+<big>'''Afurika y’Epfo'''</big> |- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan=2 | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |- | align="center" width="140px" | [[File:Flag of South Africa.svg|125px]] | align="center" width="140px" | [[File:Coat of arms of South Africa (heraldic).svg|125px]] |- | align="center" width="140px" | [[Ibendera rya Repubulika y’u Rwanda|<span style="color:grey">Ibendera ry’Afurika y’Epfo</span>]] | align="center" width="140px" | [[Ikimenyetso mpamo cy’inyandiko za Leta y’u Afurika y’Epfo|<span style="color:grey">Ikimenyetso mpamo cy’inyandiko za Leta y’u Afurika y’Epfo</span>]] |} |- | align=center colspan=2 | [[File:South Africa (orthographic projection).svg|300px]] |} '''Afurika y'Epfo''', ku izina ryayo ryemewe n'amategeko '''Repubulika y'Afurika y'Epfo (Republic of South Africa – RSA)''', ni igihugu giherereye mu majyepfo y'umugabane wa Afurika. Kigizwe n'intara icyenda. Mu majyepfo gihana imbibi n'inyanja ku nkombe zifite uburebure bwa kilometero 2,798 zogerwa n'Inyanja ya Atalantika y'Amajyepfo n'Inyanja y'u Buhinde. Mu majyaruguru gihana imbibi na Namibiya, Botswana na Zimbabwe, mu burasirazuba no mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba kigahana imbibi na Mozambike na Eswatini, kandi kizengurutse igihugu cya Lesotho. Gifite ubuso bungana na kilometero kare 1,221,037, kikaba gituwe n'abaturage barenga miliyoni 63, bityo kikaba ari igihugu cya gatandatu gituwe n'abaturage benshi ku mugabane wa Afurika. [[Dosiye:Cape-town-port-boats.jpg|center|thumb|320x320px|cape town]] === Inkomoko y'izina === Izina '''"Afurika y'Epfo"''' rikomoka ku mwanya w'iki gihugu ku mugabane wa Afurika, kuko giherereye ku mpera y'amajyepfo yawo. Igihe cyashingwaga, cyiswe '''Ubumwe bw'Afurika y'Epfo (Union of South Africa)''' mu Cyongereza na '''Unie van Zuid-Afrika''' mu Kidage (Dutch), bigaragaza ko cyaturutse ku ihuzwa ry'ubukoloni bune bwari buyobowe n'u Bwongereza. Kuva mu mwaka wa '''1961''', izina ryemewe n'amategeko mu Cyongereza ryabaye '''Repubulika y'Afurika y'Epfo (Republic of South Africa)''', naho mu rurimi rw''''Ikinyafurikansi (Afrikaans)''' ryitwa '''Republiek van Suid-Afrika'''. Kugeza ubu, iki gihugu gifite amazina yemewe mu ndimi zacyo '''12 zemewe n'amategeko'''. Ijambo '''Mzansi''', rikomoka ku izina '''uMzantsi''' ryo mu rurimi rw'Ikixhosa risobanura '''"Amajyepfo"''', ni izina rikunze gukoreshwa mu mvugo ya buri munsi bavuga Afurika y'Epfo. Hari kandi amashyaka amwe n'amwe ashyigikira ihame rya '''Pan-Afurikanisime''' akoresha izina '''Azania''', nubwo iri jambo rikomoka mu Kigereki aho kudakomoka mu ndimi nyafurika. === Amazina === :izina mu [[cyongereza]] : '''Republic of South Africa''' :izina mu [[kinyafurikansi]] : '''Republiek van Suid-Afrika''' :izina mu [[kindebele]] (amajyepfo) : '''IRiphabliki yeSewula Afrika''' :izina mu [[kigisosa]] : '''IRiphabliki yaseMzantsi Afrika''' :izina mu [[kizulu]] : '''IRiphabliki yaseNingizimu Afrika''' :izina mu [[gisotho]] (amajyaruguru) : '''Rephaboliki ya Afrika-Borwa''' :izina mu [[gisotho]] (amajyepfo) : '''Rephaboliki ya Afrika Borwa''' :izina mu [[gitswana]] : '''Rephaboliki ya Aforika Borwa''' :izina mu [[giswati]] : '''IRiphabhulikhi yeNingizimu Afrika''' :izina mu [[kivenda]] : '''Riphabuḽiki ya Afurika Tshipembe'''[[File:Boulders_Beach,_South_Africa.jpg|thumb|Boulders Beach, South Africa]]izina mu [[gitsonga]] : '''Riphabliki ra Afrika Dzon''' == Amateka == === Amateka ya kera (Prehistory) === Afurika y'Epfo ibarizwamo hamwe mu hantu ha kera cyane ku isi habonetse ibisigazwa by'ibimenyetso by'amateka (archaeology) n'ibisigazwa by'abakurambere b'abantu (hominin fossils). Abashakashatsi mu by'amateka ya kera bavumbuye ibisigazwa byinshi mu buvumo butandukanye bwo mu ntara ya '''Gauteng''', buzwi ku izina rya '''Cradle of Humankind''' ("Igicumbi cy'Ikiremwamuntu"), ahantu hemewe na '''UNESCO''' nk'Umurage w'Isi. Muri ibyo bibanza harimo '''Sterkfontein''', imwe mu hantu habonetse ibisigazwa byinshi by'abakurambere b'abantu kurusha ahandi ku isi, ndetse na '''Swartkrans''', '''Gondolin Cave''', '''Kromdraai''', '''Cooper's Cave''' na '''Malapa'''. Igisigazwa cya mbere cy'umukurambere w'umuntu cyavumbuwe muri Afurika, kizwi nka '''Taung Child''', cyabonetse hafi ya '''Taung''' mu mwaka wa '''1924'''. Ibindi bisigazwa byabonetse ahitwa '''Makapansgat''' muri '''Limpopo''', '''Cornelia''' na '''Florisbad''' muri '''Free State''', '''Border Cave''' muri '''KwaZulu-Natal''', '''Klasies River Caves''' muri '''Eastern Cape''', ndetse na '''Pinnacle Point''', '''Elandsfontein''' na '''Die Kelders Cave''' muri '''Western Cape'''.Ibi byavumbuwe bigaragaza ko amoko atandukanye y'abakurambere b'abantu yabaye muri Afurika y'Epfo guhera hafi ku myaka '''miliyoni eshatu''' ishize. Muri ayo moko harimo '''Australopithecus africanus''', '''Australopithecus sediba''', '''Homo ergaster''', '''Homo erectus''', '''Homo rhodesiensis''', '''Homo helmei''', '''Homo naledi''', ndetse n'abantu b'iki gihe ('''Homo sapiens'''). Abantu b'iki gihe bamaze nibura imyaka '''170,000''' batuye mu majyepfo ya Afurika. Nanone, abashakashatsi bavumbuye ibikoresho bya kera byakozwe mu mabuye (pebble tools) mu kibaya cy'uruzi rwa '''Vaal''', bikaba ari ibimenyetso by'ibikorwa by'abantu ba kera muri ako karere. === Igihe cyabanjirije ubukoloni === Abaturage ba mbere bari batuye mu majyepfo ya Afurika ni '''Abasan (San)''' n''''Abakhoikhoi (Khoikhoi)'''. Abasan ahanini batungwaga no guhiga no kwegeranya imyaka yimeza, mu gihe Abakhoikhoi bo, uretse guhiga no kwegeranya, banororaga amatungo. Abantu b'Abakhoisan bashobora kuba bakomoka ku bantu ba mbere bafite imiterere y'umuntu w'iki gihe bageze mu majyepfo ya Afurika mbere y'imyaka '''150,000''' ishize. Nyuma yaho, benshi muri bo basimbuwe cyangwa bashyirwa mu yandi moko bitewe n'ikwirakwira ry'Ababantu (Bantu Expansion) ryabaye hagati y'imyaka '''2,000 na 1,500''' ishize. Abantu bavuga indimi z'Ababantu batangiye kwimukira mu majyepfo baturutse mu burengerazuba bwa Afurika ahagana mu mwaka wa '''3000 Mbere ya Yezu (BCE)'''. Mu kinyejana cya kane n'icya gatanu, abaturage bavuga indimi z'Ababantu bari bamaze gutura mu majyepfo y'uruzi rwa '''Limpopo''', ubu rukaba rugize umupaka wa Afurika y'Epfo na Botswana na Zimbabwe. Bari abahinzi, aborozi kandi bazi gukoresha ibyuma. Ahantu ha mbere hazwi hakorerwaga ibyuma muri '''KwaZulu-Natal''' hateganywa ko hashinzwe ahagana mu mwaka wa '''1050'''. Itsinda ryageze kure mu majyepfo ni iry''''Abaxhosa (Xhosa)''', ururimi rwabo rukaba rwarafashe bimwe mu biranga indimi z'Abakhoisan. Mu rugendo rwabo rwo kwimuka, abo baturage bo mu Gihe cy'Ibyuma basimbuye cyangwa binjiza mu muryango wabo abaturage bari bahatuye mbere. Mu ntara ya '''Mpumalanga''' habonetse uruziga rw'amabuye n'ibindi bimenyetso bya kera birimo ahazwi nka '''Adam's Calendar''', bikekwa ko byubatswe n'Ababakone, ishami ry'Abasotho bo mu Majyaruguru. Ahagana mu mwaka wa '''1220''', abayobozi b'umuryango wa '''K2''' bimukiye ku musozi wa '''Mapungubwe''', aho bashinze umurwa mukuru w'Ubwami bwa '''Mapungubwe''', abaturage basanzwe batura munsi yawo. Imihango yo gusaba imvura yari ifite uruhare rukomeye mu butegetsi bwabo, kandi ahantu henshi hakorerwaga iyo mihango haracyagaragara muri ako karere. Mu mwaka wa '''1250''', umurwa mukuru wa Mapungubwe wari utuwe n'abaturage bagera ku '''5,000''', ubwami bukaba bwarafite ubuso bwa kilometero kare '''30,000''' kandi bukungukira cyane ku bucuruzi bwakorwaga n'ibihugu byo ku Nyanja y'u Buhinde. Impamvu zatumye ubwo bwami busenyuka ahagana mu mwaka wa '''1300''' ntizizwi neza, ariko guhinduka kw'inzira z'ubucuruzi zerekeza ku ruzi rwa '''Zambezi''' byagize uruhare mu kuzamuka kw'Ubwami bwa '''Great Zimbabwe'''. Nyuma y'ibyo, umusozi wa Mapungubwe waratereranywe, abaturage baho baratatana. Hagati y'ikinyejana cya 15 n'icya 17, imikoranire hagati y'Abashona ba mbere, abandi Bashona bimukiye nyuma ndetse n'abavuga Ikinyasotho mu karere ka '''Soutpansberg''' yatumye havuka ururimi n'ubwoko bw''''Abavenda (Venda)'''. Mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 17, itsinda ry''''Abasingo (Singo)''' rikomoka ku Bwami bwa '''Rozvi''' ryimukiye mu majyepfo, rishinga icyicaro cyarwo i '''Dzata''', cyabaye umurwa mukuru w'Ubwami bwa Venda. Mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 18, ubwami bwatangiye gusenyuka bitewe n'ihinduka ry'inzira z'ubucuruzi. Mu miryango yakomeje kugira imbaraga harimo '''Ramabulana Singo''' mu burengerazuba bwa Soutpansberg, na '''Tshivhase Singo''' hamwe na '''Mphaphuli Singo''' mu burasirazuba bwaho. === Ubushakashatsi bw'Abanyaporutigari === Mu mwaka wa '''1487''', umushakashatsi w'Umunyaportigali '''Bartolomeu Dias''' yayoboye urugendo rwa mbere rw'Abanyaburayi rwageze ku nkombe z'amajyepfo ya Afurika. Ku wa '''4 Ukuboza 1487''', yageze ku cyambu cya '''Walfisch Bay''' (ubu cyitwa '''Walvis Bay''' muri Namibiya). Yakomeje akurikiye inkombe z'iburengerazuba bwa Afurika y'Epfo, ariko nyuma y'itariki ya '''8 Mutarama 1488''' inkubi z'umuyaga zamubujije gukomeza akurikira inkombe, bituma arenga agace k'amajyepfo ya Afurika atakabonye. Mu kwezi kwa Gicurasi 1488 yageze ku ruzi yise '''Rio do Infante''', bikekwa ko ari uruzi rwa '''Groot River''' rw'ubu. Agarutse yabonye ikinyura yise '''Cabo das Tormentas''' ("Umutwe w'Inkubi z'Umuyaga"), ariko Umwami '''John II''' wa Porutigali aza kukihindurira izina akita '''Cabo da Boa Esperança (Cape of Good Hope)''', kubera ko cyafunguraga inzira y'ubucuruzi bugana mu Burasirazuba bw'u Buhinde. Uru rugendo rwa Dias rwaje kwamamara cyane binyuze mu gisigo '''Os Lusíadas''', cyanditswe na '''Luís de Camões''' mu mwaka wa '''1572'''. Mu mwaka wa '''1497''', '''Vasco da Gama''' yahagurutse i Lisbon yerekeza mu rugendo rwamugejeje mu Buhinde mu '''1498''' anyuze ku '''Cape of Good Hope''', bityo afungura inzira y'ubucuruzi bwo mu nyanja hagati y'u Burayi na Aziya. Mu rugendo rwe yanyuze ku nkombe z'igice ubu kigize Afurika y'Epfo, ariko ahagarara ku butaka bwa '''Mozambike''' y'ubu. === Ubukoloni bw'Abaholandi n'Abongereza muri Cape === Abaholandi bageze bwa mbere ku nkombe z'amajyepfo ya Afurika mu mwaka wa '''1595'''. Mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 17, ubwo ububasha bwa Porutigali mu bwikorezi bwo mu nyanja bwagendaga bugabanuka, abacuruzi b'Abongereza n'Abaholandi batangiye guhatanira kwigarurira ubucuruzi bw'ibirungo bwari bwariganjemo na Porutigali. Guhera mu mwaka wa '''1601''', sosiyete y'Abongereza y'Ubucuruzi n'u Buhinde (British East India Company) yajyaga ihagarara ku '''Cape''' ishaka ibiribwa n'amazi yo guha amato, ariko nyuma ihitamo gukoresha ibirwa bya '''Ascension''' na '''Saint Helena''' nk'ibyambu byo kuruhukiraho. Mu mwaka wa '''1647''', abakozi babiri ba Sosiyete y'Abaholandi y'Ubucuruzi n'u Buhinde (Dutch East India Company) bakoze impanuka y'ubwato kuri Cape maze bahamara amezi menshi. Babashije kubaho babikesha amazi meza, inyama bahawe n'abaturage bahasangaga ndetse no guhinga ku butaka bwera. Basubiye mu Buholandi batangaza ko Cape yari ahantu heza ho kubaka ikigo cyo kubikamo ibiribwa no gutegurira amato akora ingendo ndende. Mu mwaka wa '''1652''', nyuma y'imyaka hafi 150 inzira ya Cape imenyekanye, '''Jan van Riebeeck''' yashinze ikigo cyo gutanga ibiribwa n'ibikoresho ku mato ku '''Cape of Good Hope''', ahaje kuvamo umujyi wa '''Cape Town''', abihagarariye Sosiyete y'Abaholandi y'Ubucuruzi n'u Buhinde. Nyuma y'aho Cape yabaye ubuturo bw'abaturage benshi b'Abaholandi bigenzuraga, bazwi nka '''Free Burghers'''. Abacuruzi b'Abaholandi banazanye imbata ibihumbi baturutse muri '''Indonesiya''', '''Madagasikari''' no mu burasirazuba bwa Afurika. Uku kuvanga abaturage kwatumye havuka itsinda rishya rizwi nka '''Cape Coloureds''', benshi muri bo bakaba barakoresheje ururimi rw'Ikidage cy'Abaholandi (Dutch) kandi bakemera Ubukristo. Guhera mu kinyejana cya 17, havutse amakimbirane hagati y'Abakhoisan n'Abaholandi bapfaga ubutaka n'indi mitungo, ayo makimbirane akomeza imyaka myinshi. Kwaguka kw'Abaholandi berekeza iburasirazuba kwatumye barwana n'Abaxhosa, kuko impande zombi zashakaga kugenzura urwuri rwo hafi y'uruzi rwa '''Great Fish River'''. Abahinzi b'Abaholandi bigenga bari batuye ku mipaka bitwaga '''Boers''', naho bamwe muri bo bitwaga '''Trekboers''' kubera imibereho yabo yo kwimuka bimwe na bimwe. Boers bashyizeho imitwe yitwaje intwaro yitwaga '''commandos''', ndetse bagirana ubufatanye n'Abakhoisan mu guhangana n'ibitero by'Abaxhosa. Impande zombi zagabye ibitero byinshi byamennye amaraso, ariko nta ruhande rwabashije gutsinda burundu urundi, bityo urugomo no kwiba amatungo bikomeza kuba ikibazo mu gihe kirekire. Mu myaka ya '''1795–1803''', u Bwongereza bwigaruriye '''Cape Town''' kugira ngo butayirekera u Bufaransa. Mu '''1803''', Cape yasubiye mu maboko y'Abaholandi igihe gito, ariko mu '''1806''' yongera kwigarurirwa n'u Bwongereza. Nyuma y'Intambara za Napoleon, Cape yemerewe ku mugaragaro kuba igice cy'Ubwami bw'u Bwongereza. Guhera mu '''1818''', Abongereza benshi batangiye kwimukira muri Afurika y'Epfo, maze mu '''1820''' hagera itsinda rinini ry'abimukira ryari rigamije kongera umubare w'abakozi b'Abanyaburayi no gukomeza kurinda imipaka y'ubukoloni ibitero by'Abaxhosa. === Mfecane n'ikwaguka ry'ubukoloni === Mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 19 habaye igihe cy'imvururu n'imihindagurikire gikomeye kizwi nka '''Mfecane''' ("gusenyuka" cyangwa "gutatanywa"), cyaranzwe n'intambara, kwimuka kw'abaturage no kuvuka kw'ubwami bushya. Ibi byatewe n'ihurirana ry'ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga, imihindagurikire y'ibidukikije ndetse n'ikwaguka ry'ubukoloni bw'Abanyaburayi. Ubwami butandukanye bwahanganiye kugenzura inzira z'ubucuruzi n'urwuri, bituma havuka ubwami bwa '''Ndwandwe''' na '''Mthethwa'''. Ndwandwe yatsinze Mthethwa, ariko nyuma ubwami bwayo burasenyuka, maze umwe mu bayobozi ba Mthethwa ari we '''Shaka''' ashinga kandi akomeza '''Ubwami bw'Abazulu (Zulu Kingdom)'''. Muri icyo gihe kandi havutse '''Ubwami bwa Gaza''', bwahanganye n'Abazulu. Mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 19, Abaholandi benshi bavuye muri Cape Colony bahunga ubutegetsi bw'Abongereza. Abo bimukira, bazwi nka '''Voortrekkers''', bimukiye mu turere twaje kuba '''Natal''', '''Free State''' na '''Transvaal'''. Nyuma yo gutsinda Abazulu mu '''Ntambara ya Blood River''' yabaye ku wa '''16 Ukuboza 1838''', bashinze za repubulika z'Ababuru zirimo '''Natalia Republic''', '''South African Republic''' na '''Orange Free State'''. Hagati mu gihugu, Cape Colony yakomeje kwaguka yigarurira ubutaka bw'Ababatswana n'Abagriqua, mu gihe Ubwami bwa '''Matabele''' bwariyongereye bukagaba ibitero ku Bwami bwa '''Venda'''. Ivumburwa rya '''diamant''' mu mwaka wa '''1867''' n'irya '''zahabu''' mu '''1884''' ryatangije igihe cyiswe '''Mineral Revolution''', cyihutishije iterambere ry'ubukungu, kwiyongera kw'abimukira no gukaza ubukoloni bw'Abongereza ku baturage kavukire. Kurwanira kugenzura ayo mabuye y'agaciro byagize uruhare rukomeye mu mibanire hagati y'Abanyaburayi n'Abanyafurika, ndetse no hagati y'Ababuru n'Abongereza. Ku wa '''16 Gicurasi 1876''', Perezida '''Thomas François Burgers''' wa Repubulika y'Afurika y'Epfo yatangaje intambara ku bwoko bw''''Abapedi'''. Umwami '''Sekhukhune''' yatsinze ingabo za Boers inshuro nyinshi, ariko nyuma y'uko Abongereza bagabye ibitero bikurikirana, bamutsinze mu '''Ugushyingo 1879''' bifashishije ingabo z'Abongereza, Ababuru n'Abaswazi. Muri uwo mwaka wa '''1879''', habaye '''Intambara y'Abongereza n'Abazulu (Anglo-Zulu War)'''. U Bwongereza bwifuzaga gushyiraho ihuriro ry'ibihugu muri Afurika y'Epfo nk'iryari rimaze kugerwaho muri Kanada. Mu '''1874''', '''Henry Bartle Frere''' yoherejwe muri Afurika y'Epfo nk'Intumwa Nkuru y'u Bwongereza kugira ngo ashyire mu bikorwa uwo mugambi. Nubwo Abazulu batsinze Abongereza mu '''Ntambara ya Isandlwana''', nyuma batsinzwe burundu, bituma '''Ubwami bw'Abazulu''' butakaza ubwigenge bwabwo. === Intambara z'Ababuru n'Ubwigenge === Repubulika z'Ababuru zashoboye guhangana n'igerageza ry'u Bwongereza ryo kuzigarurira mu '''Ntambara ya Mbere y'Ababuru (1880–1881)''', zikoresheje uburyo bwo kurwana bw'udutsiko (guerrilla warfare) bwari bubereye imiterere y'ako karere. Mu '''Ntambara ya Kabiri y'Ababuru (1899–1902)''', Abongereza bagarutse bafite ingabo nyinshi, uburambe n'ingamba nshya. Nubwo bahuye n'igihombo gikomeye, amaherezo batsinze biturutse ku gukoresha amayeri yo gutwika imitungo no gushyira abaturage mu nkambi z'ifungwa (concentration camps), aho abaturage b'Ababuru bagera ku '''27,000''' bapfiriye bazize indwara n'imibereho mibi. Nyuma y'izo ntambara, abaturage bo mu mijyi ya Afurika y'Epfo bariyongereye cyane, kandi abahinzi benshi b'Ababuru bahungiye mu mijyi yo muri '''Transvaal''' na '''Orange Free State''', aho bamwe baje kwitwa '''"Abazungu bakennye" (poor whites)'''. Muri icyo gihe, politiki y'Abazungu bo muri Afurika y'Epfo yarwanyaga ubutegetsi bw'u Bwongereza, igamije kugera ku bwigenge. Mu gihe cy'ubukoloni bw'Abaholandi n'Abongereza, ivangura rishingiye ku moko ryakorwaga ahanini mu buryo butanditse, ariko hashyizweho amategeko agenga aho abaturage kavukire bagombaga gutura n'uko bagendaga, harimo '''Native Location Act''' yo mu '''1879''' n'amategeko yabasabaga gutwara impushya z'inzira (pass laws). Nyuma y'imyaka umunani Intambara ya Kabiri y'Ababuru irangiye, ndetse n'imyaka ine y'imishyikirano, '''Itegeko rya Afurika y'Epfo ryo mu 1909 (South Africa Act 1909)''' ryashinzwe '''Ubumwe bw'Afurika y'Epfo (Union of South Africa)''' ku wa '''31 Gicurasi 1910''', riha igihugu ubwigenge bugarukira ku rwego runaka. Ubu bumwe bwari bugizwe n'ubukoloni bwa '''Cape''', '''Transvaal''', '''Natal''', hamwe na '''Orange Free State'''. Mu '''1913''', hashyizweho '''Itegeko ry'Ubutaka bw'Abasangwabutaka (Natives Land Act)''', ryagabanyije cyane uburenganzira bw'Abirabura bwo gutunga ubutaka, kuko icyo gihe bemerewe kugenzura hafi '''7%''' gusa by'ubutaka bw'igihugu. Nyuma, ubuso bwagenewe abaturage kavukire bwaje kongerwaho gato. Mu '''1931''', Ubumwe bw'Afurika y'Epfo bwabonye ubwigenge busesuye ku Bwami bw'u Bwongereza binyuze mu '''Statute of Westminster''', yakuyeho ububasha bw'Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y'u Bwongereza bwo gushyiraho amategeko muri Afurika y'Epfo. Mu '''1934''', '''South African Party''' na '''National Party''' byishyize hamwe bishinga '''United Party''', mu rwego rwo kunga Abafurikana n'Abazungu bavuga Icyongereza. Icyakora, mu '''1939''' iryo shyaka ryaracitse kubera kutumvikana ku kwinjira kw'Afurika y'Epfo mu Ntambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose ku ruhande rw'u Bwongereza. === Igihe cya Apartheid === Mu '''1948''', '''National Party''' yatsinze amatora maze ifata ubutegetsi. Yakomeje kandi ishimangira politiki y'ivanguramoko yari yaratangiye mu gihe cy'ubukoloni bw'Abaholandi n'Abongereza. Hashingiwe ku mategeko ya '''Indian Act''' yo muri Kanada, abaturage bashyizwe mu byiciro bitatu: '''Abazungu''', '''Abirabura''', n''''Abahinde n'Abavangavanze (Coloureds)''', buri tsinda rigenerwa uburenganzira n'imbogamizi zitandukanye. Guverinoma yari iyobowe n'Abazungu bake yashyizeho ku mugaragaro politiki y'ivanguramoko yiswe '''Apartheid'''. Mu gihe Abazungu babagaho ubuzima bwiza bugereranywa n'ubwo mu bihugu byateye imbere byo mu Burengerazuba, Abirabura bo bakomeje guhezwa mu bijyanye n'uburezi, amafaranga binjizaga, amazu ndetse n'icyizere cyo kubaho igihe kirekire. Mu '''1955''', '''Freedom Charter''' yemejwe n'ihuriro rya Congress Alliance, isaba ko habaho igihugu kitagira ivangura rishingiye ku moko. Ku wa '''31 Gicurasi 1961''', Afurika y'Epfo yabaye repubulika nyuma ya referandumu yemerewe gusa Abazungu. Intara ya '''Natal''' yiganjemo abayobokaga u Bwongereza yarwanyije uwo mwanzuro. '''Elizabeth II''' yambuwe izina ry'Umwamikazi wa Afurika y'Epfo, maze '''Charles Robberts Swart''' aba Perezida wa mbere wa Repubulika. Mu '''1983''', itegekonshinga rya '''P. W. Botha''' ryakuyeho umwanya wa Minisitiri w'Intebe, rishyiraho Perezida ufite ububasha bukomeye. Muri uwo mwaka wa 1961, Afurika y'Epfo yanikuye mu muryango wa '''Commonwealth of Nations''' kubera igitutu cy'ibihugu biwugize. Nubwo Apartheid yarwanywaga n'abaturage bo mu gihugu no ku rwego mpuzamahanga, guverinoma yakomeje kuyishyigikira. Inzego z'umutekano zakandamizaga abatavuga rumwe n'ubutegetsi, mu gihe imitwe nka '''African National Congress (ANC)''', '''Azanian People's Organisation''' na '''Pan-Africanist Congress''' yakoraga ibikorwa byo kurwanya ubutegetsi birimo intambara y'udutsiko no gusenya ibikorwa remezo. Kubera politiki y'ivanguramoko, ibihugu byinshi byahagaritse ubucuruzi n'Afurika y'Epfo, biza no kuyifatira ibihano mpuzamahanga no gukuramo ishoramari ryabyo. === Nyuma ya Apartheid === Mu '''1974''', '''Mahlabatini Declaration of Faith''', yashyizweho umukono na '''Mangosuthu Buthelezi''' na '''Harry Schwarz''', yashyize imbere amahame yo guhererekanya ubutegetsi mu mahoro no guha abaturage bose uburenganzira bungana. Mu '''1993''', Perezida '''F.W. de Klerk''' yatangiye ibiganiro na '''Nelson Mandela''' bigamije kurangiza Apartheid no gushyiraho ubutegetsi bushingiye kuri demokarasi. Mu '''1990''', guverinoma ya '''National Party''' yatangiye gukuraho Apartheid ikuraho ibihano byari byarafatiwe '''ANC''' n'indi mitwe ya politiki. '''Nelson Mandela''' yafunguwe nyuma yo kumara imyaka '''27''' muri gereza. Nyuma y'ibiganiro n'amatora ya referandumu yo mu '''1992''', Afurika y'Epfo yakoze amatora rusange ya mbere mu '''1994''', atsindwa ku bwiganze na '''ANC'''. Nyuma y'ayo matora, igihugu cyongeye kwinjira muri '''Commonwealth of Nations''' ndetse kiba umunyamuryango wa '''Southern African Development Community (SADC)'''. Nyuma ya Apartheid, Afurika y'Epfo yakomeje kugira ituze rya politiki nubwo yahuye n'ibibazo birimo ubushomeri n'ubusumbane bukabije mu bukungu. Igihugu cyagize kandi ibihe by'urugomo, birimo imyigaragambyo yo mu '''2008''' yibasiraga abanyamahanga, yahitanye abantu barenga '''60''' ikanahungisha abarenga '''100,000'''. Mu '''2012''', habaye '''ubwicanyi bwa Marikana''', bwabaye bwo bwicanyi bukomeye bwakozwe n'inzego z'umutekano ku baturage kuva imyigaragambyo ya '''Soweto'''. Mu gihe cya Perezida '''Jacob Zuma''', ruswa n'iyigarurirwa ry'inzego za Leta byabaye ikibazo gikomeye. Ifungwa rye by'agateganyo mu '''2021''' ryateje imvururu zahitanye abantu '''354'''. Kuva mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 21, ishyaka '''ANC''' ryagiye ritakaza imbaraga mu matora. Mu matora rusange yo mu '''2024''', ku nshuro ya mbere ryananiwe kubona ubwiganze busesuye mu Nteko Ishinga Amategeko. Nyuma y'ayo matora, Perezida '''Cyril Ramaphosa''' yashyizeho '''Guverinoma y'Ubumwe bw'Igihugu (Government of National Unity)''' ifatanyije n'andi mashyaka, harimo '''Democratic Alliance'''. == Imiterere y'Igihugu == Afurika y'Epfo iherereye mu majyepfo y'umugabane wa Afurika, ikagira inkombe z'inyanja zifite uburebure burenga '''kilometero 2,500''', zihana imbibi n''''Inyanja ya Atalantika y'Amajyepfo''' ndetse n''''Inyanja y'u Buhinde'''. Ifite ubuso bungana na '''kilometero kare 1,219,912''', bikayigira igihugu cya '''24''' kinini ku isi. Uretse ibirwa bya '''Prince Edward''', igihugu kiri hagati ya dogere '''22° na 35° z'amajyepfo (S)''' na dogere '''16° na 33° z'iburasirazuba (E)'''. Igice kinini cy'imbere mu gihugu kigizwe n'ikibaya kinini kiri ku butumburuke buri hagati ya '''metero 1,000 na 2,100''' hejuru y'inyanja. Iki kibaya kiri hejuru cyane mu burasirazuba, kikagenda kigabanuka buhoro buhoro werekeza iburengerazuba, amajyaruguru n'amajyepfo y'iburengerazuba. Gikikijwe n'umusozi muremure uzwi nka '''Great Escarpment''', aho igice cyawo cyo mu burasirazuba kandi kiri hejuru cyane cyitwa '''Drakensberg'''. Umusozi wa '''Mafadi''', uherereye muri Drakensberg, ni wo muremure kurusha indi muri Afurika y'Epfo, ufite ubuhagarike bwa '''metero 3,450''' hejuru y'inyanja. Umupaka uhuza intara ya '''KwaZulu-Natal''' na '''Lesotho''' unyura ku gice kiri hejuru cyane cya Great Escarpment, kigera ku butumburuke burenga '''metero 3,000'''. Igice cy'amajyepfo n'icy'amajyepfo y'iburengerazuba cy'iki kibaya, hamwe n'ikibaya kiri munsi yacyo, kizwi nka '''Great Karoo''', akarere kagizwe ahanini n'ibihuru byo mu butayu kandi gatuwe n'abaturage bake. Mu majyaruguru, Great Karoo ikomeza ihinduka '''Bushmanland''', na yo ikaza kugana mu '''Butayu bwa Kalahari''' buri mu majyaruguru y'iburengerazuba bw'igihugu. Igice cyo hagati no mu burasirazuba cy'ikibaya kizwi nka '''Highveld''', kikaba gifite imvura ihagije, ubutaka bwera ndetse kikaba ari cyo gice gikorwamo ubuhinzi bw'ubucuruzi ku rugero runini. Aha ni na ho hari intara ya '''Gauteng''', ifite abaturage benshi kurusha izindi. Mu majyaruguru ya Highveld hari '''Bushveld''', igenda imanuka ikagera mu kibaya cya '''Limpopo Lowveld'''. Agace k'inkombe kari munsi ya Great Escarpment, guhera mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba, kagizwe na '''Limpopo Lowveld''', gakomeza muri '''Mpumalanga Lowveld''', munsi ya '''Mpumalanga Drakensberg'''. Aka gace karangwa n'ubushyuhe bwinshi n'imvura nke ugereranyije na Highveld, kandi ubuhinzi ntibuhakorwa cyane. Muri aka karere ni ho haherereye '''Pariki y'Igihugu ya Kruger (Kruger National Park)''', imwe mu z'ingenzi muri Afurika, ifite ubuso bungana na '''kilometero kare 19,633'''. Mu majyepfo n'amajyepfo y'iburengerazuba, munsi ya Great Escarpment, hari imisozi ya '''Cape Fold Mountains''', irambuye ibangikanye n'inkombe z'inyanja. Hagati y'imisozi ya '''Outeniqua''' na '''Langeberg''' mu majyepfo n'umusozi wa '''Swartberg''' mu majyaruguru hari akarere kitwa '''Little Karoo''', kagizwe n'ibihuru byo mu butayu busa n'ubwa Great Karoo, nubwo igice cyegereye Swartberg kibona imvura nyinshi bityo kikaba gikorwamo ubuhinzi kurushaho. Little Karoo izwi cyane kubera ubworozi bw''''imbuni (ostriches)''', cyane cyane hafi y'umujyi wa '''Oudtshoorn'''. Agace k'inkombe kari hagati y'imisozi ya Outeniqua na Langeberg n'Inyanja yitiriwe Atalantika kazwi nka '''Garden Route'''. Aka karere kagwa imvura ihagije umwaka wose kandi karimo amashyamba manini kurusha ahandi muri Afurika y'Epfo. Mu majyepfo y'iburengerazuba bw'igihugu hari '''Cape Peninsula''', igice kigize amaherezo y'amajyepfo y'inkombe z'igihugu. Iki gice gifite '''ikirere cya Mediterane''', kikaba ari cyo gice rukumbi cyo munsi y'Ubutayu bwa Sahara cyakira imvura nyinshi mu gihe cy'itumba. Mu burengerazuba bw'inkombe, uhereye mu majyaruguru ya Cape Peninsula, hari akarere ka '''Swartland''' na '''Malmesbury Plain''', kazwi cyane mu buhinzi bw'ingano bushingiye ku mvura y'itumba. Mu majyaruguru yaho hari '''Namaqualand''', igenda irushaho gukama yegereye '''Uruzi rwa Orange'''. Nubwo aka karere kagwa imvura nke, iyo imvura yaguye mu gihe cy'itumba, mu mpeshyi (Kanama–Nzeri) huzura indabo z'amoko menshi zigakwira mu bibaya, bikaba kimwe mu bintu bikurura ba mukerarugendo benshi ku isi. Afurika y'Epfo ifite kandi ibirwa byo mu Nyanja y'Amajyepfo bizwi nka '''Prince Edward Islands''', bigizwe na '''Marion Island''' ifite ubuso bwa '''kilometero kare 290''' na '''Prince Edward Island''' ifite ubuso bwa '''kilometero kare 45'''. == Ikirere == Afurika y'Epfo ifite ikirere giciriritse muri rusange, bitewe n'uko ikikijwe n'Inyanja ya Atalantika n'Inyanja y'u Buhinde ku mpande eshatu, ikaba iri mu gice cy'amajyepfo y'Isi gifite ikirere kidakabije, ndetse n'uko ubutumburuke bw'igihugu bugenda bwiyongera werekeza mu majyaruguru no hagati mu gihugu. Imiterere y'ubutaka n'ingaruka z'inyanja bituma igihugu kigira ubwoko butandukanye bw'ikirere. Mu majyaruguru y'iburengerazuba hari ubutayu bwa '''Namib''' bufite ubushyuhe n'ubukame bukabije, mu gihe mu burasirazuba, ku mupaka wa '''[[Mozambike]]''' n'Inyanja y'u Buhinde, hari ikirere cy'ubushyuhe n'imvura nyinshi (subtropical). Igihe cy'itumba muri Afurika y'Epfo kiba hagati ya '''Kamena na Kanama'''. Mu majyepfo y'iburengerazuba, ikirere gisa n'icya '''Mediterane''', kirangwa n'imvura mu itumba n'impeshyi ishyushye kandi yumye. Aka karere kazwi cyane kubera urusobe rw'ibimera rwa '''fynbos''', kandi ni na ko gakorerwamo divayi nyinshi z'Afurika y'Epfo. Karangwa kandi n'umuyaga uhuha hafi umwaka wose, ibintu byatumye kera amato menshi akora impanuka igihe yanyuraga ku '''Cape of Good Hope'''. Mu burasirazuba bw'inkombe z'amajyepfo, imvura igwa neza mu mezi yose y'umwaka, bigatuma hahora hari ibimera byinshi n'ubutaka butoshye. Intara ya '''Free State''' irangwa n'ubutaka buringaniye kuko iherereye ku kibaya kinini cyo hagati mu gihugu. Mu majyaruguru y'uruzi rwa '''Vaal''', akarere ka '''Highveld''' kagira imvura ihagije kandi ubushyuhe ntibukabije nk'ubwo mu bice byo ku nkombe. Umujyi wa '''Johannesburg''', uherereye hagati ya Highveld ku butumburuke bwa metero '''1,740''' hejuru y'inyanja, ugwa imvura igera kuri '''milimetero 760''' ku mwaka. Igihe cy'itumba muri aka karere kirakonja, nubwo urubura rugwa gake. Ahantu hakonja kurusha ahandi ku mugabane wa Afurika y'Epfo ni '''Buffelsfontein''' mu ntara ya '''Eastern Cape''', aho mu mwaka wa '''2013''' handitswe ubushyuhe bwa '''−20.1 °C'''. Nubwo ibirwa bya '''Prince Edward Islands''' bikonja kurushaho muri rusange, Buffelsfontein ni ho hamaze gupimwa ubushyuhe bwo hasi cyane ku mugabane w'igihugu. Ku rundi ruhande, ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwemewe n'amategeko bwapimwe muri '''Vioolsdrif''' muri '''Mutarama 1993''', bugera kuri '''48.8 °C''', nubwo hari inyandiko zivuga ko mu '''1948''' higeze gupimwa '''51.7 °C''' hafi ya '''Upington''', ariko ibyo ntibyemewe ku mugaragaro kuko ibikoresho byakoreshejwe bitari bisanzwe. Imihindagurikire y'ikirere ikomeje kugira ingaruka zikomeye muri Afurika y'Epfo, zirimo izamuka ry'ubushyuhe n'ihindagurika ry'imvura. Ibiza biterwa n'ikirere, nk'amapfa n'inkongi z'umuriro, biragenda byiyongera kandi bikarushaho gukaza ubukana. Ibi bishyira mu kaga umutungo kamere, amazi, umusaruro w'ubuhinzi, ubuzima bw'abaturage n'urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima. Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe n''''South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI)''' bugaragaza ko bitarenze '''2050''', ubushyuhe bushobora kwiyongera hafi ya '''1 °C''' ku nkombe z'inyanja, naho mu bice by'imbere mu gihugu nk''''Northern Cape''' bukiyongera kurenga '''4 °C'''. Akarere ka '''Cape Floral Region''', kazwi cyane kubera ibimera byihariye, gashobora kuzibasirwa cyane n'iyi mihindagurikire, bikaba byanashyira amoko menshi y'ibimera n'inyamaswa mu kaga ko kuzimira. Afurika y'Epfo yasohoye raporo z'igihugu ku mihindagurikire y'ikirere mu '''2011''' no mu '''2016'''. Ni kimwe mu bihugu bisohora imyuka myinshi ya '''carbone dioxyde (CO₂)''' ku isi, cyane cyane kubera gukoresha amakara na peteroli nk'isoko rikuru ry'ingufu. Mu rwego rwo kubahiriza amasezerano mpuzamahanga yo kurengera ibidukikije, igihugu cyiyemeje ko imyuka ihumanya ikirere kizayigeza ku rwego rwo hejuru hagati ya '''2020 na 2025''', hanyuma igatangira kugabanuka. == 1.Ubutegetsi n'Umukuru w'Igihugu == Afurika y’Epfo igendera ku mfashanyigisho y''''inteko ishinga amategeko (parliamentary republic)''', ariko ifite umwihariko: * '''Perezida:''' Ni umukuru w’igihugu akaba n'umukuru w’guverinoma. Agomba kuba afite icyizere cy’Inteko Ishinga Amategeko kugira ngo agume ku gutegeka. * '''Gutora Perezida:''' Nyuma y'amatora y'inteko, Abadepite (National Assembly) batora umwe mu bagize inteko akaba Perezida. * '''Manda:''' Perezida amara imyaka 5 ku ntebe, kandi ashobora kuyobora '''manda ebyiri gusa'''. * '''Cabinet:''' Perezida ashyiraho Icyegera cye (Deputy President) na ba Minisitiri. Inteko iramutse imukupye icyizere (''motion of no confidence''), Perezida na guverinoma ye bashobora gukurvaho. * '''Uburenganzira bw'Itegeko Nshinga:''' Inzego zose (Itafata ibyemezo, Ishinga amategeko, n'Ubutabera) zitwarwa n'Itegeko Nshinga. Inkiko nkuru zifite ububasha bwo kuburizamo ibyemezo cyangwa amategeko anyuranyije naryo. == 2. Inzu z'Inteko Ishinga Amategeko n'Amatora yo mu 2024 == Inteko ifite inzu ebyiri: # '''National Assembly (Inzu yo Pasi):''' Igizwe n'abadepite 400 batorwa ku mfashanyigisho y'ijanisha ry'amajwi amashyaka yaboneye (''party-list proportional representation'') buri myaka 5. # '''National Council of Provinces (Inzu yo Mu hisi):''' Igizwe n'abajyanama 90 (buri ntara mu ziri 9 itora abantu 10). === Amatora yo ku wa 29 Gicurasi 2024 === Aya matora yabaye amateka kuko ishyaka rya '''ANC yatakaje ubwiganze mu nteko''' ku buryo bw'umwihariko kuva Apartheid yagera ku musozo: * '''ANC:''' Yabonye 40% (imyanya 159). * '''DA (Democratic Alliance):''' Yabonye 22% (imyanya 87) - Ishyaka rikuru rirwanya ubutegetsi. * '''uMkhonto weSizwe (MK):''' Yabonye 14.6% (imyanya 58) - Ryashinzwe na Jacob Zuma. * '''EFF (Economic Freedom Fighters):''' Yabonye 9.5% (imyanya 39) - Ryashinzwe na Julius Malema. <blockquote>Nyuma y'amatora, ANC yafatanyije na DA n'ayandi mashyaka mato gukora '''Guverinoma y'Ubumwe bw'Igihugu (Government of National Unity)'''.</blockquote> == 3. Imijyi n'Imirwa Mukuru (3 Cities) == Afurika y’Epfo ntabwo ifite umurwa mukuru umwe utenganwa mu buryo bw'itegeko. Ubutegetsi bugabanyije mu mijyi itatu: * '''Cape Town (Umurwa mukuru w'amategeko):''' Ibyicaro by'Inteko Ishinga Amategeko. * '''Pretoria (Umurwa mukuru w'ubutegetsi):''' Ibyicaro vya Perezida, Cabinet, n'ambasade z'amahanga. * '''Bloemfontein (Umurwa mukuru w'ubutabera):''' Ibyicaro by'Urukiko Rusange rwayo (''Supreme Court of Appeal''). ''(Nyamara, Urukiko Rurembereye rw'Itegeko Nshinga ruherereye i Johannesburg kuva mu 1994).'' == 4. Urwego rw'Amategeko n'Inkiko == Amategeko ya Afurika y'Epfo ashingiye ku mbata y'imvange y'amateka babayemo: # '''Roman-Dutch law:''' Amategeko yazanywe n'Abaholandi mu bihe bya Koni. # '''English Common law:''' Amategeko y'Abongereza yazanywe mu kinyejana cya 19. === Urutonde rwez'Inkiko (Hierarchy): === * '''Constitutional Court:''' Urukiko Rurembereye (i Johannesburg). * '''Supreme Court of Appeal:''' Urukiko rugenewe ibindi bibazo bitari ibyo mu Itegeko Nshinga (i Bloemfontein). * '''High Court:''' Inkiko zisumbuye mu turere dutandukanye. * '''Magistrates' Courts:''' Inkiko z'ibanze ziburanisha ibyaha bito n'imbatshwa z'ubucuruzi ziciriritse. == 5. Imyigaragambyo, Ubutegetsi n'Uburenganzira bw'Irembo == * '''Imyigaragambyo:''' Kuva mu 2004, iki gihugu cyagize imyigaragambyo myinshi mu baturage (harimo n'iy'urugomo), ku buryo gushaka kuvugwa ko ari cyo gihugu gihura n'imyigaragambyo myinshi mu isi. * '''Icyerekezo cy'Ibrahim Index (2022):''' Afurika y’Epfo yaje ku '''mwanya wa 6 mu bihugu 48''' bya Afurika yo munsi ya Sahara. Yagize amanota meza mu Gutegekesha Itegeko, Mu Bweranda, n'Uburenganzira bwa Muntu, ariko igira amanota make mu Mutekano. * '''Uburenganzira bw'Abahuje Igitsina:''' Mu 2006, yabaye imwe mu nshingano za mbere mu isi yemereye gushyingiranwa ku bahuje igitsina (''same-sex marriage''). [[Dosiye:Ciudad_del_Cabo_desde_Cabeza_de_León,_Sudáfrica,_2018-07-22,_DD_34.jpg|thumb|Ciudad del Cabo desde Cabeza de León, Sudáfrica, 2018-07-22, DD 34]] {{Afurika}} [[Category:Afurika y’Epfo]] [[Category:Afurika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] rtntfhryfo01ys90hblbvcdxb2b8tpo 133909 133908 2026-07-21T13:39:08Z B.Scalling 15089 133909 wikitext text/x-wiki {| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+<big>'''Afurika y’Epfo'''</big> |- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan=2 | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |- | align="center" width="140px" | [[File:Flag of South Africa.svg|125px]] | align="center" width="140px" | [[File:Coat of arms of South Africa (heraldic).svg|125px]] |- | align="center" width="140px" | [[Ibendera rya Repubulika y’u Rwanda|<span style="color:grey">Ibendera ry’Afurika y’Epfo</span>]] | align="center" width="140px" | [[Ikimenyetso mpamo cy’inyandiko za Leta y’u Afurika y’Epfo|<span style="color:grey">Ikimenyetso mpamo cy’inyandiko za Leta y’u Afurika y’Epfo</span>]] |} |- | align=center colspan=2 | [[File:South Africa (orthographic projection).svg|300px]] |} {{Databox|excludeProperties=Q258}} '''Afurika y'Epfo''', ku izina ryayo ryemewe n'amategeko '''Repubulika y'Afurika y'Epfo (Republic of South Africa – RSA)''', ni igihugu giherereye mu majyepfo y'umugabane wa Afurika. Kigizwe n'intara icyenda. Mu majyepfo gihana imbibi n'inyanja ku nkombe zifite uburebure bwa kilometero 2,798 zogerwa n'Inyanja ya Atalantika y'Amajyepfo n'Inyanja y'u Buhinde. Mu majyaruguru gihana imbibi na Namibiya, Botswana na Zimbabwe, mu burasirazuba no mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba kigahana imbibi na Mozambike na Eswatini, kandi kizengurutse igihugu cya Lesotho. Gifite ubuso bungana na kilometero kare 1,221,037, kikaba gituwe n'abaturage barenga miliyoni 63, bityo kikaba ari igihugu cya gatandatu gituwe n'abaturage benshi ku mugabane wa Afurika. [[Dosiye:Cape-town-port-boats.jpg|center|thumb|320x320px|cape town]] === Inkomoko y'izina === Izina '''"Afurika y'Epfo"''' rikomoka ku mwanya w'iki gihugu ku mugabane wa Afurika, kuko giherereye ku mpera y'amajyepfo yawo. Igihe cyashingwaga, cyiswe '''Ubumwe bw'Afurika y'Epfo (Union of South Africa)''' mu Cyongereza na '''Unie van Zuid-Afrika''' mu Kidage (Dutch), bigaragaza ko cyaturutse ku ihuzwa ry'ubukoloni bune bwari buyobowe n'u Bwongereza. Kuva mu mwaka wa '''1961''', izina ryemewe n'amategeko mu Cyongereza ryabaye '''Repubulika y'Afurika y'Epfo (Republic of South Africa)''', naho mu rurimi rw''''Ikinyafurikansi (Afrikaans)''' ryitwa '''Republiek van Suid-Afrika'''. Kugeza ubu, iki gihugu gifite amazina yemewe mu ndimi zacyo '''12 zemewe n'amategeko'''. Ijambo '''Mzansi''', rikomoka ku izina '''uMzantsi''' ryo mu rurimi rw'Ikixhosa risobanura '''"Amajyepfo"''', ni izina rikunze gukoreshwa mu mvugo ya buri munsi bavuga Afurika y'Epfo. Hari kandi amashyaka amwe n'amwe ashyigikira ihame rya '''Pan-Afurikanisime''' akoresha izina '''Azania''', nubwo iri jambo rikomoka mu Kigereki aho kudakomoka mu ndimi nyafurika. === Amazina === :izina mu [[cyongereza]] : '''Republic of South Africa''' :izina mu [[kinyafurikansi]] : '''Republiek van Suid-Afrika''' :izina mu [[kindebele]] (amajyepfo) : '''IRiphabliki yeSewula Afrika''' :izina mu [[kigisosa]] : '''IRiphabliki yaseMzantsi Afrika''' :izina mu [[kizulu]] : '''IRiphabliki yaseNingizimu Afrika''' :izina mu [[gisotho]] (amajyaruguru) : '''Rephaboliki ya Afrika-Borwa''' :izina mu [[gisotho]] (amajyepfo) : '''Rephaboliki ya Afrika Borwa''' :izina mu [[gitswana]] : '''Rephaboliki ya Aforika Borwa''' :izina mu [[giswati]] : '''IRiphabhulikhi yeNingizimu Afrika''' :izina mu [[kivenda]] : '''Riphabuḽiki ya Afurika Tshipembe'''[[File:Boulders_Beach,_South_Africa.jpg|thumb|Boulders Beach, South Africa]]izina mu [[gitsonga]] : '''Riphabliki ra Afrika Dzon''' == Amateka == === Amateka ya kera (Prehistory) === Afurika y'Epfo ibarizwamo hamwe mu hantu ha kera cyane ku isi habonetse ibisigazwa by'ibimenyetso by'amateka (archaeology) n'ibisigazwa by'abakurambere b'abantu (hominin fossils). Abashakashatsi mu by'amateka ya kera bavumbuye ibisigazwa byinshi mu buvumo butandukanye bwo mu ntara ya '''Gauteng''', buzwi ku izina rya '''Cradle of Humankind''' ("Igicumbi cy'Ikiremwamuntu"), ahantu hemewe na '''UNESCO''' nk'Umurage w'Isi. Muri ibyo bibanza harimo '''Sterkfontein''', imwe mu hantu habonetse ibisigazwa byinshi by'abakurambere b'abantu kurusha ahandi ku isi, ndetse na '''Swartkrans''', '''Gondolin Cave''', '''Kromdraai''', '''Cooper's Cave''' na '''Malapa'''. Igisigazwa cya mbere cy'umukurambere w'umuntu cyavumbuwe muri Afurika, kizwi nka '''Taung Child''', cyabonetse hafi ya '''Taung''' mu mwaka wa '''1924'''. Ibindi bisigazwa byabonetse ahitwa '''Makapansgat''' muri '''Limpopo''', '''Cornelia''' na '''Florisbad''' muri '''Free State''', '''Border Cave''' muri '''KwaZulu-Natal''', '''Klasies River Caves''' muri '''Eastern Cape''', ndetse na '''Pinnacle Point''', '''Elandsfontein''' na '''Die Kelders Cave''' muri '''Western Cape'''.Ibi byavumbuwe bigaragaza ko amoko atandukanye y'abakurambere b'abantu yabaye muri Afurika y'Epfo guhera hafi ku myaka '''miliyoni eshatu''' ishize. Muri ayo moko harimo '''Australopithecus africanus''', '''Australopithecus sediba''', '''Homo ergaster''', '''Homo erectus''', '''Homo rhodesiensis''', '''Homo helmei''', '''Homo naledi''', ndetse n'abantu b'iki gihe ('''Homo sapiens'''). Abantu b'iki gihe bamaze nibura imyaka '''170,000''' batuye mu majyepfo ya Afurika. Nanone, abashakashatsi bavumbuye ibikoresho bya kera byakozwe mu mabuye (pebble tools) mu kibaya cy'uruzi rwa '''Vaal''', bikaba ari ibimenyetso by'ibikorwa by'abantu ba kera muri ako karere. === Igihe cyabanjirije ubukoloni === Abaturage ba mbere bari batuye mu majyepfo ya Afurika ni '''Abasan (San)''' n''''Abakhoikhoi (Khoikhoi)'''. Abasan ahanini batungwaga no guhiga no kwegeranya imyaka yimeza, mu gihe Abakhoikhoi bo, uretse guhiga no kwegeranya, banororaga amatungo. Abantu b'Abakhoisan bashobora kuba bakomoka ku bantu ba mbere bafite imiterere y'umuntu w'iki gihe bageze mu majyepfo ya Afurika mbere y'imyaka '''150,000''' ishize. Nyuma yaho, benshi muri bo basimbuwe cyangwa bashyirwa mu yandi moko bitewe n'ikwirakwira ry'Ababantu (Bantu Expansion) ryabaye hagati y'imyaka '''2,000 na 1,500''' ishize. Abantu bavuga indimi z'Ababantu batangiye kwimukira mu majyepfo baturutse mu burengerazuba bwa Afurika ahagana mu mwaka wa '''3000 Mbere ya Yezu (BCE)'''. Mu kinyejana cya kane n'icya gatanu, abaturage bavuga indimi z'Ababantu bari bamaze gutura mu majyepfo y'uruzi rwa '''Limpopo''', ubu rukaba rugize umupaka wa Afurika y'Epfo na Botswana na Zimbabwe. Bari abahinzi, aborozi kandi bazi gukoresha ibyuma. Ahantu ha mbere hazwi hakorerwaga ibyuma muri '''KwaZulu-Natal''' hateganywa ko hashinzwe ahagana mu mwaka wa '''1050'''. Itsinda ryageze kure mu majyepfo ni iry''''Abaxhosa (Xhosa)''', ururimi rwabo rukaba rwarafashe bimwe mu biranga indimi z'Abakhoisan. Mu rugendo rwabo rwo kwimuka, abo baturage bo mu Gihe cy'Ibyuma basimbuye cyangwa binjiza mu muryango wabo abaturage bari bahatuye mbere. Mu ntara ya '''Mpumalanga''' habonetse uruziga rw'amabuye n'ibindi bimenyetso bya kera birimo ahazwi nka '''Adam's Calendar''', bikekwa ko byubatswe n'Ababakone, ishami ry'Abasotho bo mu Majyaruguru. Ahagana mu mwaka wa '''1220''', abayobozi b'umuryango wa '''K2''' bimukiye ku musozi wa '''Mapungubwe''', aho bashinze umurwa mukuru w'Ubwami bwa '''Mapungubwe''', abaturage basanzwe batura munsi yawo. Imihango yo gusaba imvura yari ifite uruhare rukomeye mu butegetsi bwabo, kandi ahantu henshi hakorerwaga iyo mihango haracyagaragara muri ako karere. Mu mwaka wa '''1250''', umurwa mukuru wa Mapungubwe wari utuwe n'abaturage bagera ku '''5,000''', ubwami bukaba bwarafite ubuso bwa kilometero kare '''30,000''' kandi bukungukira cyane ku bucuruzi bwakorwaga n'ibihugu byo ku Nyanja y'u Buhinde. Impamvu zatumye ubwo bwami busenyuka ahagana mu mwaka wa '''1300''' ntizizwi neza, ariko guhinduka kw'inzira z'ubucuruzi zerekeza ku ruzi rwa '''Zambezi''' byagize uruhare mu kuzamuka kw'Ubwami bwa '''Great Zimbabwe'''. Nyuma y'ibyo, umusozi wa Mapungubwe waratereranywe, abaturage baho baratatana. Hagati y'ikinyejana cya 15 n'icya 17, imikoranire hagati y'Abashona ba mbere, abandi Bashona bimukiye nyuma ndetse n'abavuga Ikinyasotho mu karere ka '''Soutpansberg''' yatumye havuka ururimi n'ubwoko bw''''Abavenda (Venda)'''. Mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 17, itsinda ry''''Abasingo (Singo)''' rikomoka ku Bwami bwa '''Rozvi''' ryimukiye mu majyepfo, rishinga icyicaro cyarwo i '''Dzata''', cyabaye umurwa mukuru w'Ubwami bwa Venda. Mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 18, ubwami bwatangiye gusenyuka bitewe n'ihinduka ry'inzira z'ubucuruzi. Mu miryango yakomeje kugira imbaraga harimo '''Ramabulana Singo''' mu burengerazuba bwa Soutpansberg, na '''Tshivhase Singo''' hamwe na '''Mphaphuli Singo''' mu burasirazuba bwaho. === Ubushakashatsi bw'Abanyaporutigari === Mu mwaka wa '''1487''', umushakashatsi w'Umunyaportigali '''Bartolomeu Dias''' yayoboye urugendo rwa mbere rw'Abanyaburayi rwageze ku nkombe z'amajyepfo ya Afurika. Ku wa '''4 Ukuboza 1487''', yageze ku cyambu cya '''Walfisch Bay''' (ubu cyitwa '''Walvis Bay''' muri Namibiya). Yakomeje akurikiye inkombe z'iburengerazuba bwa Afurika y'Epfo, ariko nyuma y'itariki ya '''8 Mutarama 1488''' inkubi z'umuyaga zamubujije gukomeza akurikira inkombe, bituma arenga agace k'amajyepfo ya Afurika atakabonye. Mu kwezi kwa Gicurasi 1488 yageze ku ruzi yise '''Rio do Infante''', bikekwa ko ari uruzi rwa '''Groot River''' rw'ubu. Agarutse yabonye ikinyura yise '''Cabo das Tormentas''' ("Umutwe w'Inkubi z'Umuyaga"), ariko Umwami '''John II''' wa Porutigali aza kukihindurira izina akita '''Cabo da Boa Esperança (Cape of Good Hope)''', kubera ko cyafunguraga inzira y'ubucuruzi bugana mu Burasirazuba bw'u Buhinde. Uru rugendo rwa Dias rwaje kwamamara cyane binyuze mu gisigo '''Os Lusíadas''', cyanditswe na '''Luís de Camões''' mu mwaka wa '''1572'''. Mu mwaka wa '''1497''', '''Vasco da Gama''' yahagurutse i Lisbon yerekeza mu rugendo rwamugejeje mu Buhinde mu '''1498''' anyuze ku '''Cape of Good Hope''', bityo afungura inzira y'ubucuruzi bwo mu nyanja hagati y'u Burayi na Aziya. Mu rugendo rwe yanyuze ku nkombe z'igice ubu kigize Afurika y'Epfo, ariko ahagarara ku butaka bwa '''Mozambike''' y'ubu. === Ubukoloni bw'Abaholandi n'Abongereza muri Cape === Abaholandi bageze bwa mbere ku nkombe z'amajyepfo ya Afurika mu mwaka wa '''1595'''. Mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 17, ubwo ububasha bwa Porutigali mu bwikorezi bwo mu nyanja bwagendaga bugabanuka, abacuruzi b'Abongereza n'Abaholandi batangiye guhatanira kwigarurira ubucuruzi bw'ibirungo bwari bwariganjemo na Porutigali. Guhera mu mwaka wa '''1601''', sosiyete y'Abongereza y'Ubucuruzi n'u Buhinde (British East India Company) yajyaga ihagarara ku '''Cape''' ishaka ibiribwa n'amazi yo guha amato, ariko nyuma ihitamo gukoresha ibirwa bya '''Ascension''' na '''Saint Helena''' nk'ibyambu byo kuruhukiraho. Mu mwaka wa '''1647''', abakozi babiri ba Sosiyete y'Abaholandi y'Ubucuruzi n'u Buhinde (Dutch East India Company) bakoze impanuka y'ubwato kuri Cape maze bahamara amezi menshi. Babashije kubaho babikesha amazi meza, inyama bahawe n'abaturage bahasangaga ndetse no guhinga ku butaka bwera. Basubiye mu Buholandi batangaza ko Cape yari ahantu heza ho kubaka ikigo cyo kubikamo ibiribwa no gutegurira amato akora ingendo ndende. Mu mwaka wa '''1652''', nyuma y'imyaka hafi 150 inzira ya Cape imenyekanye, '''Jan van Riebeeck''' yashinze ikigo cyo gutanga ibiribwa n'ibikoresho ku mato ku '''Cape of Good Hope''', ahaje kuvamo umujyi wa '''Cape Town''', abihagarariye Sosiyete y'Abaholandi y'Ubucuruzi n'u Buhinde. Nyuma y'aho Cape yabaye ubuturo bw'abaturage benshi b'Abaholandi bigenzuraga, bazwi nka '''Free Burghers'''. Abacuruzi b'Abaholandi banazanye imbata ibihumbi baturutse muri '''Indonesiya''', '''Madagasikari''' no mu burasirazuba bwa Afurika. Uku kuvanga abaturage kwatumye havuka itsinda rishya rizwi nka '''Cape Coloureds''', benshi muri bo bakaba barakoresheje ururimi rw'Ikidage cy'Abaholandi (Dutch) kandi bakemera Ubukristo. Guhera mu kinyejana cya 17, havutse amakimbirane hagati y'Abakhoisan n'Abaholandi bapfaga ubutaka n'indi mitungo, ayo makimbirane akomeza imyaka myinshi. Kwaguka kw'Abaholandi berekeza iburasirazuba kwatumye barwana n'Abaxhosa, kuko impande zombi zashakaga kugenzura urwuri rwo hafi y'uruzi rwa '''Great Fish River'''. Abahinzi b'Abaholandi bigenga bari batuye ku mipaka bitwaga '''Boers''', naho bamwe muri bo bitwaga '''Trekboers''' kubera imibereho yabo yo kwimuka bimwe na bimwe. Boers bashyizeho imitwe yitwaje intwaro yitwaga '''commandos''', ndetse bagirana ubufatanye n'Abakhoisan mu guhangana n'ibitero by'Abaxhosa. Impande zombi zagabye ibitero byinshi byamennye amaraso, ariko nta ruhande rwabashije gutsinda burundu urundi, bityo urugomo no kwiba amatungo bikomeza kuba ikibazo mu gihe kirekire. Mu myaka ya '''1795–1803''', u Bwongereza bwigaruriye '''Cape Town''' kugira ngo butayirekera u Bufaransa. Mu '''1803''', Cape yasubiye mu maboko y'Abaholandi igihe gito, ariko mu '''1806''' yongera kwigarurirwa n'u Bwongereza. Nyuma y'Intambara za Napoleon, Cape yemerewe ku mugaragaro kuba igice cy'Ubwami bw'u Bwongereza. Guhera mu '''1818''', Abongereza benshi batangiye kwimukira muri Afurika y'Epfo, maze mu '''1820''' hagera itsinda rinini ry'abimukira ryari rigamije kongera umubare w'abakozi b'Abanyaburayi no gukomeza kurinda imipaka y'ubukoloni ibitero by'Abaxhosa. === Mfecane n'ikwaguka ry'ubukoloni === Mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 19 habaye igihe cy'imvururu n'imihindagurikire gikomeye kizwi nka '''Mfecane''' ("gusenyuka" cyangwa "gutatanywa"), cyaranzwe n'intambara, kwimuka kw'abaturage no kuvuka kw'ubwami bushya. Ibi byatewe n'ihurirana ry'ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga, imihindagurikire y'ibidukikije ndetse n'ikwaguka ry'ubukoloni bw'Abanyaburayi. Ubwami butandukanye bwahanganiye kugenzura inzira z'ubucuruzi n'urwuri, bituma havuka ubwami bwa '''Ndwandwe''' na '''Mthethwa'''. Ndwandwe yatsinze Mthethwa, ariko nyuma ubwami bwayo burasenyuka, maze umwe mu bayobozi ba Mthethwa ari we '''Shaka''' ashinga kandi akomeza '''Ubwami bw'Abazulu (Zulu Kingdom)'''. Muri icyo gihe kandi havutse '''Ubwami bwa Gaza''', bwahanganye n'Abazulu. Mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 19, Abaholandi benshi bavuye muri Cape Colony bahunga ubutegetsi bw'Abongereza. Abo bimukira, bazwi nka '''Voortrekkers''', bimukiye mu turere twaje kuba '''Natal''', '''Free State''' na '''Transvaal'''. Nyuma yo gutsinda Abazulu mu '''Ntambara ya Blood River''' yabaye ku wa '''16 Ukuboza 1838''', bashinze za repubulika z'Ababuru zirimo '''Natalia Republic''', '''South African Republic''' na '''Orange Free State'''. Hagati mu gihugu, Cape Colony yakomeje kwaguka yigarurira ubutaka bw'Ababatswana n'Abagriqua, mu gihe Ubwami bwa '''Matabele''' bwariyongereye bukagaba ibitero ku Bwami bwa '''Venda'''. Ivumburwa rya '''diamant''' mu mwaka wa '''1867''' n'irya '''zahabu''' mu '''1884''' ryatangije igihe cyiswe '''Mineral Revolution''', cyihutishije iterambere ry'ubukungu, kwiyongera kw'abimukira no gukaza ubukoloni bw'Abongereza ku baturage kavukire. Kurwanira kugenzura ayo mabuye y'agaciro byagize uruhare rukomeye mu mibanire hagati y'Abanyaburayi n'Abanyafurika, ndetse no hagati y'Ababuru n'Abongereza. Ku wa '''16 Gicurasi 1876''', Perezida '''Thomas François Burgers''' wa Repubulika y'Afurika y'Epfo yatangaje intambara ku bwoko bw''''Abapedi'''. Umwami '''Sekhukhune''' yatsinze ingabo za Boers inshuro nyinshi, ariko nyuma y'uko Abongereza bagabye ibitero bikurikirana, bamutsinze mu '''Ugushyingo 1879''' bifashishije ingabo z'Abongereza, Ababuru n'Abaswazi. Muri uwo mwaka wa '''1879''', habaye '''Intambara y'Abongereza n'Abazulu (Anglo-Zulu War)'''. U Bwongereza bwifuzaga gushyiraho ihuriro ry'ibihugu muri Afurika y'Epfo nk'iryari rimaze kugerwaho muri Kanada. Mu '''1874''', '''Henry Bartle Frere''' yoherejwe muri Afurika y'Epfo nk'Intumwa Nkuru y'u Bwongereza kugira ngo ashyire mu bikorwa uwo mugambi. Nubwo Abazulu batsinze Abongereza mu '''Ntambara ya Isandlwana''', nyuma batsinzwe burundu, bituma '''Ubwami bw'Abazulu''' butakaza ubwigenge bwabwo. === Intambara z'Ababuru n'Ubwigenge === Repubulika z'Ababuru zashoboye guhangana n'igerageza ry'u Bwongereza ryo kuzigarurira mu '''Ntambara ya Mbere y'Ababuru (1880–1881)''', zikoresheje uburyo bwo kurwana bw'udutsiko (guerrilla warfare) bwari bubereye imiterere y'ako karere. Mu '''Ntambara ya Kabiri y'Ababuru (1899–1902)''', Abongereza bagarutse bafite ingabo nyinshi, uburambe n'ingamba nshya. Nubwo bahuye n'igihombo gikomeye, amaherezo batsinze biturutse ku gukoresha amayeri yo gutwika imitungo no gushyira abaturage mu nkambi z'ifungwa (concentration camps), aho abaturage b'Ababuru bagera ku '''27,000''' bapfiriye bazize indwara n'imibereho mibi. Nyuma y'izo ntambara, abaturage bo mu mijyi ya Afurika y'Epfo bariyongereye cyane, kandi abahinzi benshi b'Ababuru bahungiye mu mijyi yo muri '''Transvaal''' na '''Orange Free State''', aho bamwe baje kwitwa '''"Abazungu bakennye" (poor whites)'''. Muri icyo gihe, politiki y'Abazungu bo muri Afurika y'Epfo yarwanyaga ubutegetsi bw'u Bwongereza, igamije kugera ku bwigenge. Mu gihe cy'ubukoloni bw'Abaholandi n'Abongereza, ivangura rishingiye ku moko ryakorwaga ahanini mu buryo butanditse, ariko hashyizweho amategeko agenga aho abaturage kavukire bagombaga gutura n'uko bagendaga, harimo '''Native Location Act''' yo mu '''1879''' n'amategeko yabasabaga gutwara impushya z'inzira (pass laws). Nyuma y'imyaka umunani Intambara ya Kabiri y'Ababuru irangiye, ndetse n'imyaka ine y'imishyikirano, '''Itegeko rya Afurika y'Epfo ryo mu 1909 (South Africa Act 1909)''' ryashinzwe '''Ubumwe bw'Afurika y'Epfo (Union of South Africa)''' ku wa '''31 Gicurasi 1910''', riha igihugu ubwigenge bugarukira ku rwego runaka. Ubu bumwe bwari bugizwe n'ubukoloni bwa '''Cape''', '''Transvaal''', '''Natal''', hamwe na '''Orange Free State'''. Mu '''1913''', hashyizweho '''Itegeko ry'Ubutaka bw'Abasangwabutaka (Natives Land Act)''', ryagabanyije cyane uburenganzira bw'Abirabura bwo gutunga ubutaka, kuko icyo gihe bemerewe kugenzura hafi '''7%''' gusa by'ubutaka bw'igihugu. Nyuma, ubuso bwagenewe abaturage kavukire bwaje kongerwaho gato. Mu '''1931''', Ubumwe bw'Afurika y'Epfo bwabonye ubwigenge busesuye ku Bwami bw'u Bwongereza binyuze mu '''Statute of Westminster''', yakuyeho ububasha bw'Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y'u Bwongereza bwo gushyiraho amategeko muri Afurika y'Epfo. Mu '''1934''', '''South African Party''' na '''National Party''' byishyize hamwe bishinga '''United Party''', mu rwego rwo kunga Abafurikana n'Abazungu bavuga Icyongereza. Icyakora, mu '''1939''' iryo shyaka ryaracitse kubera kutumvikana ku kwinjira kw'Afurika y'Epfo mu Ntambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose ku ruhande rw'u Bwongereza. === Igihe cya Apartheid === Mu '''1948''', '''National Party''' yatsinze amatora maze ifata ubutegetsi. Yakomeje kandi ishimangira politiki y'ivanguramoko yari yaratangiye mu gihe cy'ubukoloni bw'Abaholandi n'Abongereza. Hashingiwe ku mategeko ya '''Indian Act''' yo muri Kanada, abaturage bashyizwe mu byiciro bitatu: '''Abazungu''', '''Abirabura''', n''''Abahinde n'Abavangavanze (Coloureds)''', buri tsinda rigenerwa uburenganzira n'imbogamizi zitandukanye. Guverinoma yari iyobowe n'Abazungu bake yashyizeho ku mugaragaro politiki y'ivanguramoko yiswe '''Apartheid'''. Mu gihe Abazungu babagaho ubuzima bwiza bugereranywa n'ubwo mu bihugu byateye imbere byo mu Burengerazuba, Abirabura bo bakomeje guhezwa mu bijyanye n'uburezi, amafaranga binjizaga, amazu ndetse n'icyizere cyo kubaho igihe kirekire. Mu '''1955''', '''Freedom Charter''' yemejwe n'ihuriro rya Congress Alliance, isaba ko habaho igihugu kitagira ivangura rishingiye ku moko. Ku wa '''31 Gicurasi 1961''', Afurika y'Epfo yabaye repubulika nyuma ya referandumu yemerewe gusa Abazungu. Intara ya '''Natal''' yiganjemo abayobokaga u Bwongereza yarwanyije uwo mwanzuro. '''Elizabeth II''' yambuwe izina ry'Umwamikazi wa Afurika y'Epfo, maze '''Charles Robberts Swart''' aba Perezida wa mbere wa Repubulika. Mu '''1983''', itegekonshinga rya '''P. W. Botha''' ryakuyeho umwanya wa Minisitiri w'Intebe, rishyiraho Perezida ufite ububasha bukomeye. Muri uwo mwaka wa 1961, Afurika y'Epfo yanikuye mu muryango wa '''Commonwealth of Nations''' kubera igitutu cy'ibihugu biwugize. Nubwo Apartheid yarwanywaga n'abaturage bo mu gihugu no ku rwego mpuzamahanga, guverinoma yakomeje kuyishyigikira. Inzego z'umutekano zakandamizaga abatavuga rumwe n'ubutegetsi, mu gihe imitwe nka '''African National Congress (ANC)''', '''Azanian People's Organisation''' na '''Pan-Africanist Congress''' yakoraga ibikorwa byo kurwanya ubutegetsi birimo intambara y'udutsiko no gusenya ibikorwa remezo. Kubera politiki y'ivanguramoko, ibihugu byinshi byahagaritse ubucuruzi n'Afurika y'Epfo, biza no kuyifatira ibihano mpuzamahanga no gukuramo ishoramari ryabyo. === Nyuma ya Apartheid === Mu '''1974''', '''Mahlabatini Declaration of Faith''', yashyizweho umukono na '''Mangosuthu Buthelezi''' na '''Harry Schwarz''', yashyize imbere amahame yo guhererekanya ubutegetsi mu mahoro no guha abaturage bose uburenganzira bungana. Mu '''1993''', Perezida '''F.W. de Klerk''' yatangiye ibiganiro na '''Nelson Mandela''' bigamije kurangiza Apartheid no gushyiraho ubutegetsi bushingiye kuri demokarasi. Mu '''1990''', guverinoma ya '''National Party''' yatangiye gukuraho Apartheid ikuraho ibihano byari byarafatiwe '''ANC''' n'indi mitwe ya politiki. '''Nelson Mandela''' yafunguwe nyuma yo kumara imyaka '''27''' muri gereza. Nyuma y'ibiganiro n'amatora ya referandumu yo mu '''1992''', Afurika y'Epfo yakoze amatora rusange ya mbere mu '''1994''', atsindwa ku bwiganze na '''ANC'''. Nyuma y'ayo matora, igihugu cyongeye kwinjira muri '''Commonwealth of Nations''' ndetse kiba umunyamuryango wa '''Southern African Development Community (SADC)'''. Nyuma ya Apartheid, Afurika y'Epfo yakomeje kugira ituze rya politiki nubwo yahuye n'ibibazo birimo ubushomeri n'ubusumbane bukabije mu bukungu. Igihugu cyagize kandi ibihe by'urugomo, birimo imyigaragambyo yo mu '''2008''' yibasiraga abanyamahanga, yahitanye abantu barenga '''60''' ikanahungisha abarenga '''100,000'''. Mu '''2012''', habaye '''ubwicanyi bwa Marikana''', bwabaye bwo bwicanyi bukomeye bwakozwe n'inzego z'umutekano ku baturage kuva imyigaragambyo ya '''Soweto'''. Mu gihe cya Perezida '''Jacob Zuma''', ruswa n'iyigarurirwa ry'inzego za Leta byabaye ikibazo gikomeye. Ifungwa rye by'agateganyo mu '''2021''' ryateje imvururu zahitanye abantu '''354'''. Kuva mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 21, ishyaka '''ANC''' ryagiye ritakaza imbaraga mu matora. Mu matora rusange yo mu '''2024''', ku nshuro ya mbere ryananiwe kubona ubwiganze busesuye mu Nteko Ishinga Amategeko. Nyuma y'ayo matora, Perezida '''Cyril Ramaphosa''' yashyizeho '''Guverinoma y'Ubumwe bw'Igihugu (Government of National Unity)''' ifatanyije n'andi mashyaka, harimo '''Democratic Alliance'''. == Imiterere y'Igihugu == Afurika y'Epfo iherereye mu majyepfo y'umugabane wa Afurika, ikagira inkombe z'inyanja zifite uburebure burenga '''kilometero 2,500''', zihana imbibi n''''Inyanja ya Atalantika y'Amajyepfo''' ndetse n''''Inyanja y'u Buhinde'''. Ifite ubuso bungana na '''kilometero kare 1,219,912''', bikayigira igihugu cya '''24''' kinini ku isi. Uretse ibirwa bya '''Prince Edward''', igihugu kiri hagati ya dogere '''22° na 35° z'amajyepfo (S)''' na dogere '''16° na 33° z'iburasirazuba (E)'''. Igice kinini cy'imbere mu gihugu kigizwe n'ikibaya kinini kiri ku butumburuke buri hagati ya '''metero 1,000 na 2,100''' hejuru y'inyanja. Iki kibaya kiri hejuru cyane mu burasirazuba, kikagenda kigabanuka buhoro buhoro werekeza iburengerazuba, amajyaruguru n'amajyepfo y'iburengerazuba. Gikikijwe n'umusozi muremure uzwi nka '''Great Escarpment''', aho igice cyawo cyo mu burasirazuba kandi kiri hejuru cyane cyitwa '''Drakensberg'''. Umusozi wa '''Mafadi''', uherereye muri Drakensberg, ni wo muremure kurusha indi muri Afurika y'Epfo, ufite ubuhagarike bwa '''metero 3,450''' hejuru y'inyanja. Umupaka uhuza intara ya '''KwaZulu-Natal''' na '''Lesotho''' unyura ku gice kiri hejuru cyane cya Great Escarpment, kigera ku butumburuke burenga '''metero 3,000'''. Igice cy'amajyepfo n'icy'amajyepfo y'iburengerazuba cy'iki kibaya, hamwe n'ikibaya kiri munsi yacyo, kizwi nka '''Great Karoo''', akarere kagizwe ahanini n'ibihuru byo mu butayu kandi gatuwe n'abaturage bake. Mu majyaruguru, Great Karoo ikomeza ihinduka '''Bushmanland''', na yo ikaza kugana mu '''Butayu bwa Kalahari''' buri mu majyaruguru y'iburengerazuba bw'igihugu. Igice cyo hagati no mu burasirazuba cy'ikibaya kizwi nka '''Highveld''', kikaba gifite imvura ihagije, ubutaka bwera ndetse kikaba ari cyo gice gikorwamo ubuhinzi bw'ubucuruzi ku rugero runini. Aha ni na ho hari intara ya '''Gauteng''', ifite abaturage benshi kurusha izindi. Mu majyaruguru ya Highveld hari '''Bushveld''', igenda imanuka ikagera mu kibaya cya '''Limpopo Lowveld'''. Agace k'inkombe kari munsi ya Great Escarpment, guhera mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba, kagizwe na '''Limpopo Lowveld''', gakomeza muri '''Mpumalanga Lowveld''', munsi ya '''Mpumalanga Drakensberg'''. Aka gace karangwa n'ubushyuhe bwinshi n'imvura nke ugereranyije na Highveld, kandi ubuhinzi ntibuhakorwa cyane. Muri aka karere ni ho haherereye '''Pariki y'Igihugu ya Kruger (Kruger National Park)''', imwe mu z'ingenzi muri Afurika, ifite ubuso bungana na '''kilometero kare 19,633'''. Mu majyepfo n'amajyepfo y'iburengerazuba, munsi ya Great Escarpment, hari imisozi ya '''Cape Fold Mountains''', irambuye ibangikanye n'inkombe z'inyanja. Hagati y'imisozi ya '''Outeniqua''' na '''Langeberg''' mu majyepfo n'umusozi wa '''Swartberg''' mu majyaruguru hari akarere kitwa '''Little Karoo''', kagizwe n'ibihuru byo mu butayu busa n'ubwa Great Karoo, nubwo igice cyegereye Swartberg kibona imvura nyinshi bityo kikaba gikorwamo ubuhinzi kurushaho. Little Karoo izwi cyane kubera ubworozi bw''''imbuni (ostriches)''', cyane cyane hafi y'umujyi wa '''Oudtshoorn'''. Agace k'inkombe kari hagati y'imisozi ya Outeniqua na Langeberg n'Inyanja yitiriwe Atalantika kazwi nka '''Garden Route'''. Aka karere kagwa imvura ihagije umwaka wose kandi karimo amashyamba manini kurusha ahandi muri Afurika y'Epfo. Mu majyepfo y'iburengerazuba bw'igihugu hari '''Cape Peninsula''', igice kigize amaherezo y'amajyepfo y'inkombe z'igihugu. Iki gice gifite '''ikirere cya Mediterane''', kikaba ari cyo gice rukumbi cyo munsi y'Ubutayu bwa Sahara cyakira imvura nyinshi mu gihe cy'itumba. Mu burengerazuba bw'inkombe, uhereye mu majyaruguru ya Cape Peninsula, hari akarere ka '''Swartland''' na '''Malmesbury Plain''', kazwi cyane mu buhinzi bw'ingano bushingiye ku mvura y'itumba. Mu majyaruguru yaho hari '''Namaqualand''', igenda irushaho gukama yegereye '''Uruzi rwa Orange'''. Nubwo aka karere kagwa imvura nke, iyo imvura yaguye mu gihe cy'itumba, mu mpeshyi (Kanama–Nzeri) huzura indabo z'amoko menshi zigakwira mu bibaya, bikaba kimwe mu bintu bikurura ba mukerarugendo benshi ku isi. Afurika y'Epfo ifite kandi ibirwa byo mu Nyanja y'Amajyepfo bizwi nka '''Prince Edward Islands''', bigizwe na '''Marion Island''' ifite ubuso bwa '''kilometero kare 290''' na '''Prince Edward Island''' ifite ubuso bwa '''kilometero kare 45'''. == Ikirere == Afurika y'Epfo ifite ikirere giciriritse muri rusange, bitewe n'uko ikikijwe n'Inyanja ya Atalantika n'Inyanja y'u Buhinde ku mpande eshatu, ikaba iri mu gice cy'amajyepfo y'Isi gifite ikirere kidakabije, ndetse n'uko ubutumburuke bw'igihugu bugenda bwiyongera werekeza mu majyaruguru no hagati mu gihugu. Imiterere y'ubutaka n'ingaruka z'inyanja bituma igihugu kigira ubwoko butandukanye bw'ikirere. Mu majyaruguru y'iburengerazuba hari ubutayu bwa '''Namib''' bufite ubushyuhe n'ubukame bukabije, mu gihe mu burasirazuba, ku mupaka wa '''[[Mozambike]]''' n'Inyanja y'u Buhinde, hari ikirere cy'ubushyuhe n'imvura nyinshi (subtropical). Igihe cy'itumba muri Afurika y'Epfo kiba hagati ya '''Kamena na Kanama'''. Mu majyepfo y'iburengerazuba, ikirere gisa n'icya '''Mediterane''', kirangwa n'imvura mu itumba n'impeshyi ishyushye kandi yumye. Aka karere kazwi cyane kubera urusobe rw'ibimera rwa '''fynbos''', kandi ni na ko gakorerwamo divayi nyinshi z'Afurika y'Epfo. Karangwa kandi n'umuyaga uhuha hafi umwaka wose, ibintu byatumye kera amato menshi akora impanuka igihe yanyuraga ku '''Cape of Good Hope'''. Mu burasirazuba bw'inkombe z'amajyepfo, imvura igwa neza mu mezi yose y'umwaka, bigatuma hahora hari ibimera byinshi n'ubutaka butoshye. Intara ya '''Free State''' irangwa n'ubutaka buringaniye kuko iherereye ku kibaya kinini cyo hagati mu gihugu. Mu majyaruguru y'uruzi rwa '''Vaal''', akarere ka '''Highveld''' kagira imvura ihagije kandi ubushyuhe ntibukabije nk'ubwo mu bice byo ku nkombe. Umujyi wa '''Johannesburg''', uherereye hagati ya Highveld ku butumburuke bwa metero '''1,740''' hejuru y'inyanja, ugwa imvura igera kuri '''milimetero 760''' ku mwaka. Igihe cy'itumba muri aka karere kirakonja, nubwo urubura rugwa gake. Ahantu hakonja kurusha ahandi ku mugabane wa Afurika y'Epfo ni '''Buffelsfontein''' mu ntara ya '''Eastern Cape''', aho mu mwaka wa '''2013''' handitswe ubushyuhe bwa '''−20.1 °C'''. Nubwo ibirwa bya '''Prince Edward Islands''' bikonja kurushaho muri rusange, Buffelsfontein ni ho hamaze gupimwa ubushyuhe bwo hasi cyane ku mugabane w'igihugu. Ku rundi ruhande, ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwemewe n'amategeko bwapimwe muri '''Vioolsdrif''' muri '''Mutarama 1993''', bugera kuri '''48.8 °C''', nubwo hari inyandiko zivuga ko mu '''1948''' higeze gupimwa '''51.7 °C''' hafi ya '''Upington''', ariko ibyo ntibyemewe ku mugaragaro kuko ibikoresho byakoreshejwe bitari bisanzwe. Imihindagurikire y'ikirere ikomeje kugira ingaruka zikomeye muri Afurika y'Epfo, zirimo izamuka ry'ubushyuhe n'ihindagurika ry'imvura. Ibiza biterwa n'ikirere, nk'amapfa n'inkongi z'umuriro, biragenda byiyongera kandi bikarushaho gukaza ubukana. Ibi bishyira mu kaga umutungo kamere, amazi, umusaruro w'ubuhinzi, ubuzima bw'abaturage n'urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima. Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe n''''South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI)''' bugaragaza ko bitarenze '''2050''', ubushyuhe bushobora kwiyongera hafi ya '''1 °C''' ku nkombe z'inyanja, naho mu bice by'imbere mu gihugu nk''''Northern Cape''' bukiyongera kurenga '''4 °C'''. Akarere ka '''Cape Floral Region''', kazwi cyane kubera ibimera byihariye, gashobora kuzibasirwa cyane n'iyi mihindagurikire, bikaba byanashyira amoko menshi y'ibimera n'inyamaswa mu kaga ko kuzimira. Afurika y'Epfo yasohoye raporo z'igihugu ku mihindagurikire y'ikirere mu '''2011''' no mu '''2016'''. Ni kimwe mu bihugu bisohora imyuka myinshi ya '''carbone dioxyde (CO₂)''' ku isi, cyane cyane kubera gukoresha amakara na peteroli nk'isoko rikuru ry'ingufu. Mu rwego rwo kubahiriza amasezerano mpuzamahanga yo kurengera ibidukikije, igihugu cyiyemeje ko imyuka ihumanya ikirere kizayigeza ku rwego rwo hejuru hagati ya '''2020 na 2025''', hanyuma igatangira kugabanuka. == 1.Ubutegetsi n'Umukuru w'Igihugu == Afurika y’Epfo igendera ku mfashanyigisho y''''inteko ishinga amategeko (parliamentary republic)''', ariko ifite umwihariko: * '''Perezida:''' Ni umukuru w’igihugu akaba n'umukuru w’guverinoma. Agomba kuba afite icyizere cy’Inteko Ishinga Amategeko kugira ngo agume ku gutegeka. * '''Gutora Perezida:''' Nyuma y'amatora y'inteko, Abadepite (National Assembly) batora umwe mu bagize inteko akaba Perezida. * '''Manda:''' Perezida amara imyaka 5 ku ntebe, kandi ashobora kuyobora '''manda ebyiri gusa'''. * '''Cabinet:''' Perezida ashyiraho Icyegera cye (Deputy President) na ba Minisitiri. Inteko iramutse imukupye icyizere (''motion of no confidence''), Perezida na guverinoma ye bashobora gukurvaho. * '''Uburenganzira bw'Itegeko Nshinga:''' Inzego zose (Itafata ibyemezo, Ishinga amategeko, n'Ubutabera) zitwarwa n'Itegeko Nshinga. Inkiko nkuru zifite ububasha bwo kuburizamo ibyemezo cyangwa amategeko anyuranyije naryo. == 2. Inzu z'Inteko Ishinga Amategeko n'Amatora yo mu 2024 == Inteko ifite inzu ebyiri: # '''National Assembly (Inzu yo Pasi):''' Igizwe n'abadepite 400 batorwa ku mfashanyigisho y'ijanisha ry'amajwi amashyaka yaboneye (''party-list proportional representation'') buri myaka 5. # '''National Council of Provinces (Inzu yo Mu hisi):''' Igizwe n'abajyanama 90 (buri ntara mu ziri 9 itora abantu 10). === Amatora yo ku wa 29 Gicurasi 2024 === Aya matora yabaye amateka kuko ishyaka rya '''ANC yatakaje ubwiganze mu nteko''' ku buryo bw'umwihariko kuva Apartheid yagera ku musozo: * '''ANC:''' Yabonye 40% (imyanya 159). * '''DA (Democratic Alliance):''' Yabonye 22% (imyanya 87) - Ishyaka rikuru rirwanya ubutegetsi. * '''uMkhonto weSizwe (MK):''' Yabonye 14.6% (imyanya 58) - Ryashinzwe na Jacob Zuma. * '''EFF (Economic Freedom Fighters):''' Yabonye 9.5% (imyanya 39) - Ryashinzwe na Julius Malema. <blockquote>Nyuma y'amatora, ANC yafatanyije na DA n'ayandi mashyaka mato gukora '''Guverinoma y'Ubumwe bw'Igihugu (Government of National Unity)'''.</blockquote> == 3. Imijyi n'Imirwa Mukuru (3 Cities) == Afurika y’Epfo ntabwo ifite umurwa mukuru umwe utenganwa mu buryo bw'itegeko. Ubutegetsi bugabanyije mu mijyi itatu: * '''Cape Town (Umurwa mukuru w'amategeko):''' Ibyicaro by'Inteko Ishinga Amategeko. * '''Pretoria (Umurwa mukuru w'ubutegetsi):''' Ibyicaro vya Perezida, Cabinet, n'ambasade z'amahanga. * '''Bloemfontein (Umurwa mukuru w'ubutabera):''' Ibyicaro by'Urukiko Rusange rwayo (''Supreme Court of Appeal''). ''(Nyamara, Urukiko Rurembereye rw'Itegeko Nshinga ruherereye i Johannesburg kuva mu 1994).'' == 4. Urwego rw'Amategeko n'Inkiko == Amategeko ya Afurika y'Epfo ashingiye ku mbata y'imvange y'amateka babayemo: # '''Roman-Dutch law:''' Amategeko yazanywe n'Abaholandi mu bihe bya Koni. # '''English Common law:''' Amategeko y'Abongereza yazanywe mu kinyejana cya 19. === Urutonde rwez'Inkiko (Hierarchy): === * '''Constitutional Court:''' Urukiko Rurembereye (i Johannesburg). * '''Supreme Court of Appeal:''' Urukiko rugenewe ibindi bibazo bitari ibyo mu Itegeko Nshinga (i Bloemfontein). * '''High Court:''' Inkiko zisumbuye mu turere dutandukanye. * '''Magistrates' Courts:''' Inkiko z'ibanze ziburanisha ibyaha bito n'imbatshwa z'ubucuruzi ziciriritse. == 5. Imyigaragambyo, Ubutegetsi n'Uburenganzira bw'Irembo == * '''Imyigaragambyo:''' Kuva mu 2004, iki gihugu cyagize imyigaragambyo myinshi mu baturage (harimo n'iy'urugomo), ku buryo gushaka kuvugwa ko ari cyo gihugu gihura n'imyigaragambyo myinshi mu isi. * '''Icyerekezo cy'Ibrahim Index (2022):''' Afurika y’Epfo yaje ku '''mwanya wa 6 mu bihugu 48''' bya Afurika yo munsi ya Sahara. Yagize amanota meza mu Gutegekesha Itegeko, Mu Bweranda, n'Uburenganzira bwa Muntu, ariko igira amanota make mu Mutekano. * '''Uburenganzira bw'Abahuje Igitsina:''' Mu 2006, yabaye imwe mu nshingano za mbere mu isi yemereye gushyingiranwa ku bahuje igitsina (''same-sex marriage''). [[Dosiye:Ciudad_del_Cabo_desde_Cabeza_de_León,_Sudáfrica,_2018-07-22,_DD_34.jpg|thumb|Ciudad del Cabo desde Cabeza de León, Sudáfrica, 2018-07-22, DD 34]] {{Afurika}} [[Category:Afurika y’Epfo]] [[Category:Afurika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] 4eoc1egmusgp13dsk5cjn7f7v10vljh 134013 133909 2026-07-22T14:31:59Z B.Scalling 15089 KONGERAMO AMAKURU 134013 wikitext text/x-wiki {| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+<big>'''Afurika y’Epfo'''</big> |- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan=2 | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |- | align="center" width="140px" | [[File:Flag of South Africa.svg|125px]] | align="center" width="140px" | [[File:Coat of arms of South Africa (heraldic).svg|125px]] |- | align="center" width="140px" | [[Ibendera rya Repubulika y’u Rwanda|<span style="color:grey">Ibendera ry’Afurika y’Epfo</span>]] | align="center" width="140px" | [[Ikimenyetso mpamo cy’inyandiko za Leta y’u Afurika y’Epfo|<span style="color:grey">Ikimenyetso mpamo cy’inyandiko za Leta y’u Afurika y’Epfo</span>]] |} |- | align=center colspan=2 | [[File:South Africa (orthographic projection).svg|300px]] |} {{Databox|excludeProperties=Q258}} '''Afurika y'Epfo''', ku izina ryayo ryemewe n'amategeko '''Repubulika y'Afurika y'Epfo (Republic of South Africa – RSA)''', ni igihugu giherereye mu majyepfo y'umugabane wa Afurika. Kigizwe n'intara icyenda. Mu majyepfo gihana imbibi n'inyanja ku nkombe zifite uburebure bwa kilometero 2,798 zogerwa n'Inyanja ya Atalantika y'Amajyepfo n'Inyanja y'u Buhinde. Mu majyaruguru gihana imbibi na Namibiya, Botswana na Zimbabwe, mu burasirazuba no mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba kigahana imbibi na Mozambike na Eswatini, kandi kizengurutse igihugu cya Lesotho. Gifite ubuso bungana na kilometero kare 1,221,037, kikaba gituwe n'abaturage barenga miliyoni 63, bityo kikaba ari igihugu cya gatandatu gituwe n'abaturage benshi ku mugabane wa Afurika. [[Dosiye:Cape-town-port-boats.jpg|center|thumb|320x320px|cape town]] === Inkomoko y'izina === Izina '''"Afurika y'Epfo"''' rikomoka ku mwanya w'iki gihugu ku mugabane wa Afurika, kuko giherereye ku mpera y'amajyepfo yawo. Igihe cyashingwaga, cyiswe '''Ubumwe bw'Afurika y'Epfo (Union of South Africa)''' mu Cyongereza na '''Unie van Zuid-Afrika''' mu Kidage (Dutch), bigaragaza ko cyaturutse ku ihuzwa ry'ubukoloni bune bwari buyobowe n'u Bwongereza. Kuva mu mwaka wa '''1961''', izina ryemewe n'amategeko mu Cyongereza ryabaye '''Repubulika y'Afurika y'Epfo (Republic of South Africa)''', naho mu rurimi rw''''Ikinyafurikansi (Afrikaans)''' ryitwa '''Republiek van Suid-Afrika'''. Kugeza ubu, iki gihugu gifite amazina yemewe mu ndimi zacyo '''12 zemewe n'amategeko'''. Ijambo '''Mzansi''', rikomoka ku izina '''uMzantsi''' ryo mu rurimi rw'Ikixhosa risobanura '''"Amajyepfo"''', ni izina rikunze gukoreshwa mu mvugo ya buri munsi bavuga Afurika y'Epfo. Hari kandi amashyaka amwe n'amwe ashyigikira ihame rya '''Pan-Afurikanisime''' akoresha izina '''Azania''', nubwo iri jambo rikomoka mu Kigereki aho kudakomoka mu ndimi nyafurika. === Amazina === :izina mu [[cyongereza]] : '''Republic of South Africa''' :izina mu [[kinyafurikansi]] : '''Republiek van Suid-Afrika''' :izina mu [[kindebele]] (amajyepfo) : '''IRiphabliki yeSewula Afrika''' :izina mu [[kigisosa]] : '''IRiphabliki yaseMzantsi Afrika''' :izina mu [[kizulu]] : '''IRiphabliki yaseNingizimu Afrika''' :izina mu [[gisotho]] (amajyaruguru) : '''Rephaboliki ya Afrika-Borwa''' :izina mu [[gisotho]] (amajyepfo) : '''Rephaboliki ya Afrika Borwa''' :izina mu [[gitswana]] : '''Rephaboliki ya Aforika Borwa''' :izina mu [[giswati]] : '''IRiphabhulikhi yeNingizimu Afrika''' :izina mu [[kivenda]] : '''Riphabuḽiki ya Afurika Tshipembe'''[[File:Boulders_Beach,_South_Africa.jpg|thumb|Boulders Beach, South Africa]]izina mu [[gitsonga]] : '''Riphabliki ra Afrika Dzon''' == Amateka == === Amateka ya kera (Prehistory) === Afurika y'Epfo ibarizwamo hamwe mu hantu ha kera cyane ku isi habonetse ibisigazwa by'ibimenyetso by'amateka (archaeology) n'ibisigazwa by'abakurambere b'abantu (hominin fossils). Abashakashatsi mu by'amateka ya kera bavumbuye ibisigazwa byinshi mu buvumo butandukanye bwo mu ntara ya '''Gauteng''', buzwi ku izina rya '''Cradle of Humankind''' ("Igicumbi cy'Ikiremwamuntu"), ahantu hemewe na '''UNESCO''' nk'Umurage w'Isi. Muri ibyo bibanza harimo '''Sterkfontein''', imwe mu hantu habonetse ibisigazwa byinshi by'abakurambere b'abantu kurusha ahandi ku isi, ndetse na '''Swartkrans''', '''Gondolin Cave''', '''Kromdraai''', '''Cooper's Cave''' na '''Malapa'''. Igisigazwa cya mbere cy'umukurambere w'umuntu cyavumbuwe muri Afurika, kizwi nka '''Taung Child''', cyabonetse hafi ya '''Taung''' mu mwaka wa '''1924'''. Ibindi bisigazwa byabonetse ahitwa '''Makapansgat''' muri '''Limpopo''', '''Cornelia''' na '''Florisbad''' muri '''Free State''', '''Border Cave''' muri '''KwaZulu-Natal''', '''Klasies River Caves''' muri '''Eastern Cape''', ndetse na '''Pinnacle Point''', '''Elandsfontein''' na '''Die Kelders Cave''' muri '''Western Cape'''.Ibi byavumbuwe bigaragaza ko amoko atandukanye y'abakurambere b'abantu yabaye muri Afurika y'Epfo guhera hafi ku myaka '''miliyoni eshatu''' ishize. Muri ayo moko harimo '''Australopithecus africanus''', '''Australopithecus sediba''', '''Homo ergaster''', '''Homo erectus''', '''Homo rhodesiensis''', '''Homo helmei''', '''Homo naledi''', ndetse n'abantu b'iki gihe ('''Homo sapiens'''). Abantu b'iki gihe bamaze nibura imyaka '''170,000''' batuye mu majyepfo ya Afurika. Nanone, abashakashatsi bavumbuye ibikoresho bya kera byakozwe mu mabuye (pebble tools) mu kibaya cy'uruzi rwa '''Vaal''', bikaba ari ibimenyetso by'ibikorwa by'abantu ba kera muri ako karere. === Igihe cyabanjirije ubukoloni === Abaturage ba mbere bari batuye mu majyepfo ya Afurika ni '''Abasan (San)''' n''''Abakhoikhoi (Khoikhoi)'''. Abasan ahanini batungwaga no guhiga no kwegeranya imyaka yimeza, mu gihe Abakhoikhoi bo, uretse guhiga no kwegeranya, banororaga amatungo. Abantu b'Abakhoisan bashobora kuba bakomoka ku bantu ba mbere bafite imiterere y'umuntu w'iki gihe bageze mu majyepfo ya Afurika mbere y'imyaka '''150,000''' ishize. Nyuma yaho, benshi muri bo basimbuwe cyangwa bashyirwa mu yandi moko bitewe n'ikwirakwira ry'Ababantu (Bantu Expansion) ryabaye hagati y'imyaka '''2,000 na 1,500''' ishize. Abantu bavuga indimi z'Ababantu batangiye kwimukira mu majyepfo baturutse mu burengerazuba bwa Afurika ahagana mu mwaka wa '''3000 Mbere ya Yezu (BCE)'''. Mu kinyejana cya kane n'icya gatanu, abaturage bavuga indimi z'Ababantu bari bamaze gutura mu majyepfo y'uruzi rwa '''Limpopo''', ubu rukaba rugize umupaka wa Afurika y'Epfo na Botswana na Zimbabwe. Bari abahinzi, aborozi kandi bazi gukoresha ibyuma. Ahantu ha mbere hazwi hakorerwaga ibyuma muri '''KwaZulu-Natal''' hateganywa ko hashinzwe ahagana mu mwaka wa '''1050'''. Itsinda ryageze kure mu majyepfo ni iry''''Abaxhosa (Xhosa)''', ururimi rwabo rukaba rwarafashe bimwe mu biranga indimi z'Abakhoisan. Mu rugendo rwabo rwo kwimuka, abo baturage bo mu Gihe cy'Ibyuma basimbuye cyangwa binjiza mu muryango wabo abaturage bari bahatuye mbere. Mu ntara ya '''Mpumalanga''' habonetse uruziga rw'amabuye n'ibindi bimenyetso bya kera birimo ahazwi nka '''Adam's Calendar''', bikekwa ko byubatswe n'Ababakone, ishami ry'Abasotho bo mu Majyaruguru. Ahagana mu mwaka wa '''1220''', abayobozi b'umuryango wa '''K2''' bimukiye ku musozi wa '''Mapungubwe''', aho bashinze umurwa mukuru w'Ubwami bwa '''Mapungubwe''', abaturage basanzwe batura munsi yawo. Imihango yo gusaba imvura yari ifite uruhare rukomeye mu butegetsi bwabo, kandi ahantu henshi hakorerwaga iyo mihango haracyagaragara muri ako karere. Mu mwaka wa '''1250''', umurwa mukuru wa Mapungubwe wari utuwe n'abaturage bagera ku '''5,000''', ubwami bukaba bwarafite ubuso bwa kilometero kare '''30,000''' kandi bukungukira cyane ku bucuruzi bwakorwaga n'ibihugu byo ku Nyanja y'u Buhinde. Impamvu zatumye ubwo bwami busenyuka ahagana mu mwaka wa '''1300''' ntizizwi neza, ariko guhinduka kw'inzira z'ubucuruzi zerekeza ku ruzi rwa '''Zambezi''' byagize uruhare mu kuzamuka kw'Ubwami bwa '''Great Zimbabwe'''. Nyuma y'ibyo, umusozi wa Mapungubwe waratereranywe, abaturage baho baratatana. Hagati y'ikinyejana cya 15 n'icya 17, imikoranire hagati y'Abashona ba mbere, abandi Bashona bimukiye nyuma ndetse n'abavuga Ikinyasotho mu karere ka '''Soutpansberg''' yatumye havuka ururimi n'ubwoko bw''''Abavenda (Venda)'''. Mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 17, itsinda ry''''Abasingo (Singo)''' rikomoka ku Bwami bwa '''Rozvi''' ryimukiye mu majyepfo, rishinga icyicaro cyarwo i '''Dzata''', cyabaye umurwa mukuru w'Ubwami bwa Venda. Mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 18, ubwami bwatangiye gusenyuka bitewe n'ihinduka ry'inzira z'ubucuruzi. Mu miryango yakomeje kugira imbaraga harimo '''Ramabulana Singo''' mu burengerazuba bwa Soutpansberg, na '''Tshivhase Singo''' hamwe na '''Mphaphuli Singo''' mu burasirazuba bwaho. === Ubushakashatsi bw'Abanyaporutigari === Mu mwaka wa '''1487''', umushakashatsi w'Umunyaportigali '''Bartolomeu Dias''' yayoboye urugendo rwa mbere rw'Abanyaburayi rwageze ku nkombe z'amajyepfo ya Afurika. Ku wa '''4 Ukuboza 1487''', yageze ku cyambu cya '''Walfisch Bay''' (ubu cyitwa '''Walvis Bay''' muri Namibiya). Yakomeje akurikiye inkombe z'iburengerazuba bwa Afurika y'Epfo, ariko nyuma y'itariki ya '''8 Mutarama 1488''' inkubi z'umuyaga zamubujije gukomeza akurikira inkombe, bituma arenga agace k'amajyepfo ya Afurika atakabonye. Mu kwezi kwa Gicurasi 1488 yageze ku ruzi yise '''Rio do Infante''', bikekwa ko ari uruzi rwa '''Groot River''' rw'ubu. Agarutse yabonye ikinyura yise '''Cabo das Tormentas''' ("Umutwe w'Inkubi z'Umuyaga"), ariko Umwami '''John II''' wa Porutigali aza kukihindurira izina akita '''Cabo da Boa Esperança (Cape of Good Hope)''', kubera ko cyafunguraga inzira y'ubucuruzi bugana mu Burasirazuba bw'u Buhinde. Uru rugendo rwa Dias rwaje kwamamara cyane binyuze mu gisigo '''Os Lusíadas''', cyanditswe na '''Luís de Camões''' mu mwaka wa '''1572'''. Mu mwaka wa '''1497''', '''Vasco da Gama''' yahagurutse i Lisbon yerekeza mu rugendo rwamugejeje mu Buhinde mu '''1498''' anyuze ku '''Cape of Good Hope''', bityo afungura inzira y'ubucuruzi bwo mu nyanja hagati y'u Burayi na Aziya. Mu rugendo rwe yanyuze ku nkombe z'igice ubu kigize Afurika y'Epfo, ariko ahagarara ku butaka bwa '''Mozambike''' y'ubu. === Ubukoloni bw'Abaholandi n'Abongereza muri Cape === Abaholandi bageze bwa mbere ku nkombe z'amajyepfo ya Afurika mu mwaka wa '''1595'''. Mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 17, ubwo ububasha bwa Porutigali mu bwikorezi bwo mu nyanja bwagendaga bugabanuka, abacuruzi b'Abongereza n'Abaholandi batangiye guhatanira kwigarurira ubucuruzi bw'ibirungo bwari bwariganjemo na Porutigali. Guhera mu mwaka wa '''1601''', sosiyete y'Abongereza y'Ubucuruzi n'u Buhinde (British East India Company) yajyaga ihagarara ku '''Cape''' ishaka ibiribwa n'amazi yo guha amato, ariko nyuma ihitamo gukoresha ibirwa bya '''Ascension''' na '''Saint Helena''' nk'ibyambu byo kuruhukiraho. Mu mwaka wa '''1647''', abakozi babiri ba Sosiyete y'Abaholandi y'Ubucuruzi n'u Buhinde (Dutch East India Company) bakoze impanuka y'ubwato kuri Cape maze bahamara amezi menshi. Babashije kubaho babikesha amazi meza, inyama bahawe n'abaturage bahasangaga ndetse no guhinga ku butaka bwera. Basubiye mu Buholandi batangaza ko Cape yari ahantu heza ho kubaka ikigo cyo kubikamo ibiribwa no gutegurira amato akora ingendo ndende. Mu mwaka wa '''1652''', nyuma y'imyaka hafi 150 inzira ya Cape imenyekanye, '''Jan van Riebeeck''' yashinze ikigo cyo gutanga ibiribwa n'ibikoresho ku mato ku '''Cape of Good Hope''', ahaje kuvamo umujyi wa '''Cape Town''', abihagarariye Sosiyete y'Abaholandi y'Ubucuruzi n'u Buhinde. Nyuma y'aho Cape yabaye ubuturo bw'abaturage benshi b'Abaholandi bigenzuraga, bazwi nka '''Free Burghers'''. Abacuruzi b'Abaholandi banazanye imbata ibihumbi baturutse muri '''Indonesiya''', '''Madagasikari''' no mu burasirazuba bwa Afurika. Uku kuvanga abaturage kwatumye havuka itsinda rishya rizwi nka '''Cape Coloureds''', benshi muri bo bakaba barakoresheje ururimi rw'Ikidage cy'Abaholandi (Dutch) kandi bakemera Ubukristo. Guhera mu kinyejana cya 17, havutse amakimbirane hagati y'Abakhoisan n'Abaholandi bapfaga ubutaka n'indi mitungo, ayo makimbirane akomeza imyaka myinshi. Kwaguka kw'Abaholandi berekeza iburasirazuba kwatumye barwana n'Abaxhosa, kuko impande zombi zashakaga kugenzura urwuri rwo hafi y'uruzi rwa '''Great Fish River'''. Abahinzi b'Abaholandi bigenga bari batuye ku mipaka bitwaga '''Boers''', naho bamwe muri bo bitwaga '''Trekboers''' kubera imibereho yabo yo kwimuka bimwe na bimwe. Boers bashyizeho imitwe yitwaje intwaro yitwaga '''commandos''', ndetse bagirana ubufatanye n'Abakhoisan mu guhangana n'ibitero by'Abaxhosa. Impande zombi zagabye ibitero byinshi byamennye amaraso, ariko nta ruhande rwabashije gutsinda burundu urundi, bityo urugomo no kwiba amatungo bikomeza kuba ikibazo mu gihe kirekire. Mu myaka ya '''1795–1803''', u Bwongereza bwigaruriye '''Cape Town''' kugira ngo butayirekera u Bufaransa. Mu '''1803''', Cape yasubiye mu maboko y'Abaholandi igihe gito, ariko mu '''1806''' yongera kwigarurirwa n'u Bwongereza. Nyuma y'Intambara za Napoleon, Cape yemerewe ku mugaragaro kuba igice cy'Ubwami bw'u Bwongereza. Guhera mu '''1818''', Abongereza benshi batangiye kwimukira muri Afurika y'Epfo, maze mu '''1820''' hagera itsinda rinini ry'abimukira ryari rigamije kongera umubare w'abakozi b'Abanyaburayi no gukomeza kurinda imipaka y'ubukoloni ibitero by'Abaxhosa. === Mfecane n'ikwaguka ry'ubukoloni === Mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 19 habaye igihe cy'imvururu n'imihindagurikire gikomeye kizwi nka '''Mfecane''' ("gusenyuka" cyangwa "gutatanywa"), cyaranzwe n'intambara, kwimuka kw'abaturage no kuvuka kw'ubwami bushya. Ibi byatewe n'ihurirana ry'ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga, imihindagurikire y'ibidukikije ndetse n'ikwaguka ry'ubukoloni bw'Abanyaburayi. Ubwami butandukanye bwahanganiye kugenzura inzira z'ubucuruzi n'urwuri, bituma havuka ubwami bwa '''Ndwandwe''' na '''Mthethwa'''. Ndwandwe yatsinze Mthethwa, ariko nyuma ubwami bwayo burasenyuka, maze umwe mu bayobozi ba Mthethwa ari we '''Shaka''' ashinga kandi akomeza '''Ubwami bw'Abazulu (Zulu Kingdom)'''. Muri icyo gihe kandi havutse '''Ubwami bwa Gaza''', bwahanganye n'Abazulu. Mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 19, Abaholandi benshi bavuye muri Cape Colony bahunga ubutegetsi bw'Abongereza. Abo bimukira, bazwi nka '''Voortrekkers''', bimukiye mu turere twaje kuba '''Natal''', '''Free State''' na '''Transvaal'''. Nyuma yo gutsinda Abazulu mu '''Ntambara ya Blood River''' yabaye ku wa '''16 Ukuboza 1838''', bashinze za repubulika z'Ababuru zirimo '''Natalia Republic''', '''South African Republic''' na '''Orange Free State'''. Hagati mu gihugu, Cape Colony yakomeje kwaguka yigarurira ubutaka bw'Ababatswana n'Abagriqua, mu gihe Ubwami bwa '''Matabele''' bwariyongereye bukagaba ibitero ku Bwami bwa '''Venda'''. Ivumburwa rya '''diamant''' mu mwaka wa '''1867''' n'irya '''zahabu''' mu '''1884''' ryatangije igihe cyiswe '''Mineral Revolution''', cyihutishije iterambere ry'ubukungu, kwiyongera kw'abimukira no gukaza ubukoloni bw'Abongereza ku baturage kavukire. Kurwanira kugenzura ayo mabuye y'agaciro byagize uruhare rukomeye mu mibanire hagati y'Abanyaburayi n'Abanyafurika, ndetse no hagati y'Ababuru n'Abongereza. Ku wa '''16 Gicurasi 1876''', Perezida '''Thomas François Burgers''' wa Repubulika y'Afurika y'Epfo yatangaje intambara ku bwoko bw''''Abapedi'''. Umwami '''Sekhukhune''' yatsinze ingabo za Boers inshuro nyinshi, ariko nyuma y'uko Abongereza bagabye ibitero bikurikirana, bamutsinze mu '''Ugushyingo 1879''' bifashishije ingabo z'Abongereza, Ababuru n'Abaswazi. Muri uwo mwaka wa '''1879''', habaye '''Intambara y'Abongereza n'Abazulu (Anglo-Zulu War)'''. U Bwongereza bwifuzaga gushyiraho ihuriro ry'ibihugu muri Afurika y'Epfo nk'iryari rimaze kugerwaho muri Kanada. Mu '''1874''', '''Henry Bartle Frere''' yoherejwe muri Afurika y'Epfo nk'Intumwa Nkuru y'u Bwongereza kugira ngo ashyire mu bikorwa uwo mugambi. Nubwo Abazulu batsinze Abongereza mu '''Ntambara ya Isandlwana''', nyuma batsinzwe burundu, bituma '''Ubwami bw'Abazulu''' butakaza ubwigenge bwabwo. === Intambara z'Ababuru n'Ubwigenge === Repubulika z'Ababuru zashoboye guhangana n'igerageza ry'u Bwongereza ryo kuzigarurira mu '''Ntambara ya Mbere y'Ababuru (1880–1881)''', zikoresheje uburyo bwo kurwana bw'udutsiko (guerrilla warfare) bwari bubereye imiterere y'ako karere. Mu '''Ntambara ya Kabiri y'Ababuru (1899–1902)''', Abongereza bagarutse bafite ingabo nyinshi, uburambe n'ingamba nshya. Nubwo bahuye n'igihombo gikomeye, amaherezo batsinze biturutse ku gukoresha amayeri yo gutwika imitungo no gushyira abaturage mu nkambi z'ifungwa (concentration camps), aho abaturage b'Ababuru bagera ku '''27,000''' bapfiriye bazize indwara n'imibereho mibi. Nyuma y'izo ntambara, abaturage bo mu mijyi ya Afurika y'Epfo bariyongereye cyane, kandi abahinzi benshi b'Ababuru bahungiye mu mijyi yo muri '''Transvaal''' na '''Orange Free State''', aho bamwe baje kwitwa '''"Abazungu bakennye" (poor whites)'''. Muri icyo gihe, politiki y'Abazungu bo muri Afurika y'Epfo yarwanyaga ubutegetsi bw'u Bwongereza, igamije kugera ku bwigenge. Mu gihe cy'ubukoloni bw'Abaholandi n'Abongereza, ivangura rishingiye ku moko ryakorwaga ahanini mu buryo butanditse, ariko hashyizweho amategeko agenga aho abaturage kavukire bagombaga gutura n'uko bagendaga, harimo '''Native Location Act''' yo mu '''1879''' n'amategeko yabasabaga gutwara impushya z'inzira (pass laws). Nyuma y'imyaka umunani Intambara ya Kabiri y'Ababuru irangiye, ndetse n'imyaka ine y'imishyikirano, '''Itegeko rya Afurika y'Epfo ryo mu 1909 (South Africa Act 1909)''' ryashinzwe '''Ubumwe bw'Afurika y'Epfo (Union of South Africa)''' ku wa '''31 Gicurasi 1910''', riha igihugu ubwigenge bugarukira ku rwego runaka. Ubu bumwe bwari bugizwe n'ubukoloni bwa '''Cape''', '''Transvaal''', '''Natal''', hamwe na '''Orange Free State'''. Mu '''1913''', hashyizweho '''Itegeko ry'Ubutaka bw'Abasangwabutaka (Natives Land Act)''', ryagabanyije cyane uburenganzira bw'Abirabura bwo gutunga ubutaka, kuko icyo gihe bemerewe kugenzura hafi '''7%''' gusa by'ubutaka bw'igihugu. Nyuma, ubuso bwagenewe abaturage kavukire bwaje kongerwaho gato. Mu '''1931''', Ubumwe bw'Afurika y'Epfo bwabonye ubwigenge busesuye ku Bwami bw'u Bwongereza binyuze mu '''Statute of Westminster''', yakuyeho ububasha bw'Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y'u Bwongereza bwo gushyiraho amategeko muri Afurika y'Epfo. Mu '''1934''', '''South African Party''' na '''National Party''' byishyize hamwe bishinga '''United Party''', mu rwego rwo kunga Abafurikana n'Abazungu bavuga Icyongereza. Icyakora, mu '''1939''' iryo shyaka ryaracitse kubera kutumvikana ku kwinjira kw'Afurika y'Epfo mu Ntambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose ku ruhande rw'u Bwongereza. === Igihe cya Apartheid === Mu '''1948''', '''National Party''' yatsinze amatora maze ifata ubutegetsi. Yakomeje kandi ishimangira politiki y'ivanguramoko yari yaratangiye mu gihe cy'ubukoloni bw'Abaholandi n'Abongereza. Hashingiwe ku mategeko ya '''Indian Act''' yo muri Kanada, abaturage bashyizwe mu byiciro bitatu: '''Abazungu''', '''Abirabura''', n''''Abahinde n'Abavangavanze (Coloureds)''', buri tsinda rigenerwa uburenganzira n'imbogamizi zitandukanye. Guverinoma yari iyobowe n'Abazungu bake yashyizeho ku mugaragaro politiki y'ivanguramoko yiswe '''Apartheid'''. Mu gihe Abazungu babagaho ubuzima bwiza bugereranywa n'ubwo mu bihugu byateye imbere byo mu Burengerazuba, Abirabura bo bakomeje guhezwa mu bijyanye n'uburezi, amafaranga binjizaga, amazu ndetse n'icyizere cyo kubaho igihe kirekire. Mu '''1955''', '''Freedom Charter''' yemejwe n'ihuriro rya Congress Alliance, isaba ko habaho igihugu kitagira ivangura rishingiye ku moko. Ku wa '''31 Gicurasi 1961''', Afurika y'Epfo yabaye repubulika nyuma ya referandumu yemerewe gusa Abazungu. Intara ya '''Natal''' yiganjemo abayobokaga u Bwongereza yarwanyije uwo mwanzuro. '''Elizabeth II''' yambuwe izina ry'Umwamikazi wa Afurika y'Epfo, maze '''Charles Robberts Swart''' aba Perezida wa mbere wa Repubulika. Mu '''1983''', itegekonshinga rya '''P. W. Botha''' ryakuyeho umwanya wa Minisitiri w'Intebe, rishyiraho Perezida ufite ububasha bukomeye. Muri uwo mwaka wa 1961, Afurika y'Epfo yanikuye mu muryango wa '''Commonwealth of Nations''' kubera igitutu cy'ibihugu biwugize. Nubwo Apartheid yarwanywaga n'abaturage bo mu gihugu no ku rwego mpuzamahanga, guverinoma yakomeje kuyishyigikira. Inzego z'umutekano zakandamizaga abatavuga rumwe n'ubutegetsi, mu gihe imitwe nka '''African National Congress (ANC)''', '''Azanian People's Organisation''' na '''Pan-Africanist Congress''' yakoraga ibikorwa byo kurwanya ubutegetsi birimo intambara y'udutsiko no gusenya ibikorwa remezo. Kubera politiki y'ivanguramoko, ibihugu byinshi byahagaritse ubucuruzi n'Afurika y'Epfo, biza no kuyifatira ibihano mpuzamahanga no gukuramo ishoramari ryabyo. === Nyuma ya Apartheid === Mu '''1974''', '''Mahlabatini Declaration of Faith''', yashyizweho umukono na '''Mangosuthu Buthelezi''' na '''Harry Schwarz''', yashyize imbere amahame yo guhererekanya ubutegetsi mu mahoro no guha abaturage bose uburenganzira bungana. Mu '''1993''', Perezida '''F.W. de Klerk''' yatangiye ibiganiro na '''Nelson Mandela''' bigamije kurangiza Apartheid no gushyiraho ubutegetsi bushingiye kuri demokarasi. Mu '''1990''', guverinoma ya '''National Party''' yatangiye gukuraho Apartheid ikuraho ibihano byari byarafatiwe '''ANC''' n'indi mitwe ya politiki. '''Nelson Mandela''' yafunguwe nyuma yo kumara imyaka '''27''' muri gereza. Nyuma y'ibiganiro n'amatora ya referandumu yo mu '''1992''', Afurika y'Epfo yakoze amatora rusange ya mbere mu '''1994''', atsindwa ku bwiganze na '''ANC'''. Nyuma y'ayo matora, igihugu cyongeye kwinjira muri '''Commonwealth of Nations''' ndetse kiba umunyamuryango wa '''Southern African Development Community (SADC)'''. Nyuma ya Apartheid, Afurika y'Epfo yakomeje kugira ituze rya politiki nubwo yahuye n'ibibazo birimo ubushomeri n'ubusumbane bukabije mu bukungu. Igihugu cyagize kandi ibihe by'urugomo, birimo imyigaragambyo yo mu '''2008''' yibasiraga abanyamahanga, yahitanye abantu barenga '''60''' ikanahungisha abarenga '''100,000'''. Mu '''2012''', habaye '''ubwicanyi bwa Marikana''', bwabaye bwo bwicanyi bukomeye bwakozwe n'inzego z'umutekano ku baturage kuva imyigaragambyo ya '''Soweto'''. Mu gihe cya Perezida '''Jacob Zuma''', ruswa n'iyigarurirwa ry'inzego za Leta byabaye ikibazo gikomeye. Ifungwa rye by'agateganyo mu '''2021''' ryateje imvururu zahitanye abantu '''354'''. Kuva mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 21, ishyaka '''ANC''' ryagiye ritakaza imbaraga mu matora. Mu matora rusange yo mu '''2024''', ku nshuro ya mbere ryananiwe kubona ubwiganze busesuye mu Nteko Ishinga Amategeko. Nyuma y'ayo matora, Perezida '''Cyril Ramaphosa''' yashyizeho '''Guverinoma y'Ubumwe bw'Igihugu (Government of National Unity)''' ifatanyije n'andi mashyaka, harimo '''Democratic Alliance'''. == Imiterere y'Igihugu == Afurika y'Epfo iherereye mu majyepfo y'umugabane wa Afurika, ikagira inkombe z'inyanja zifite uburebure burenga '''kilometero 2,500''', zihana imbibi n''''Inyanja ya Atalantika y'Amajyepfo''' ndetse n''''Inyanja y'u Buhinde'''. Ifite ubuso bungana na '''kilometero kare 1,219,912''', bikayigira igihugu cya '''24''' kinini ku isi. Uretse ibirwa bya '''Prince Edward''', igihugu kiri hagati ya dogere '''22° na 35° z'amajyepfo (S)''' na dogere '''16° na 33° z'iburasirazuba (E)'''. Igice kinini cy'imbere mu gihugu kigizwe n'ikibaya kinini kiri ku butumburuke buri hagati ya '''metero 1,000 na 2,100''' hejuru y'inyanja. Iki kibaya kiri hejuru cyane mu burasirazuba, kikagenda kigabanuka buhoro buhoro werekeza iburengerazuba, amajyaruguru n'amajyepfo y'iburengerazuba. Gikikijwe n'umusozi muremure uzwi nka '''Great Escarpment''', aho igice cyawo cyo mu burasirazuba kandi kiri hejuru cyane cyitwa '''Drakensberg'''. Umusozi wa '''Mafadi''', uherereye muri Drakensberg, ni wo muremure kurusha indi muri Afurika y'Epfo, ufite ubuhagarike bwa '''metero 3,450''' hejuru y'inyanja. Umupaka uhuza intara ya '''KwaZulu-Natal''' na '''Lesotho''' unyura ku gice kiri hejuru cyane cya Great Escarpment, kigera ku butumburuke burenga '''metero 3,000'''. Igice cy'amajyepfo n'icy'amajyepfo y'iburengerazuba cy'iki kibaya, hamwe n'ikibaya kiri munsi yacyo, kizwi nka '''Great Karoo''', akarere kagizwe ahanini n'ibihuru byo mu butayu kandi gatuwe n'abaturage bake. Mu majyaruguru, Great Karoo ikomeza ihinduka '''Bushmanland''', na yo ikaza kugana mu '''Butayu bwa Kalahari''' buri mu majyaruguru y'iburengerazuba bw'igihugu. Igice cyo hagati no mu burasirazuba cy'ikibaya kizwi nka '''Highveld''', kikaba gifite imvura ihagije, ubutaka bwera ndetse kikaba ari cyo gice gikorwamo ubuhinzi bw'ubucuruzi ku rugero runini. Aha ni na ho hari intara ya '''Gauteng''', ifite abaturage benshi kurusha izindi. Mu majyaruguru ya Highveld hari '''Bushveld''', igenda imanuka ikagera mu kibaya cya '''Limpopo Lowveld'''. Agace k'inkombe kari munsi ya Great Escarpment, guhera mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba, kagizwe na '''Limpopo Lowveld''', gakomeza muri '''Mpumalanga Lowveld''', munsi ya '''Mpumalanga Drakensberg'''. Aka gace karangwa n'ubushyuhe bwinshi n'imvura nke ugereranyije na Highveld, kandi ubuhinzi ntibuhakorwa cyane. Muri aka karere ni ho haherereye '''Pariki y'Igihugu ya Kruger (Kruger National Park)''', imwe mu z'ingenzi muri Afurika, ifite ubuso bungana na '''kilometero kare 19,633'''. Mu majyepfo n'amajyepfo y'iburengerazuba, munsi ya Great Escarpment, hari imisozi ya '''Cape Fold Mountains''', irambuye ibangikanye n'inkombe z'inyanja. Hagati y'imisozi ya '''Outeniqua''' na '''Langeberg''' mu majyepfo n'umusozi wa '''Swartberg''' mu majyaruguru hari akarere kitwa '''Little Karoo''', kagizwe n'ibihuru byo mu butayu busa n'ubwa Great Karoo, nubwo igice cyegereye Swartberg kibona imvura nyinshi bityo kikaba gikorwamo ubuhinzi kurushaho. Little Karoo izwi cyane kubera ubworozi bw''''imbuni (ostriches)''', cyane cyane hafi y'umujyi wa '''Oudtshoorn'''. Agace k'inkombe kari hagati y'imisozi ya Outeniqua na Langeberg n'Inyanja yitiriwe Atalantika kazwi nka '''Garden Route'''. Aka karere kagwa imvura ihagije umwaka wose kandi karimo amashyamba manini kurusha ahandi muri Afurika y'Epfo. Mu majyepfo y'iburengerazuba bw'igihugu hari '''Cape Peninsula''', igice kigize amaherezo y'amajyepfo y'inkombe z'igihugu. Iki gice gifite '''ikirere cya Mediterane''', kikaba ari cyo gice rukumbi cyo munsi y'Ubutayu bwa Sahara cyakira imvura nyinshi mu gihe cy'itumba. Mu burengerazuba bw'inkombe, uhereye mu majyaruguru ya Cape Peninsula, hari akarere ka '''Swartland''' na '''Malmesbury Plain''', kazwi cyane mu buhinzi bw'ingano bushingiye ku mvura y'itumba. Mu majyaruguru yaho hari '''Namaqualand''', igenda irushaho gukama yegereye '''Uruzi rwa Orange'''. Nubwo aka karere kagwa imvura nke, iyo imvura yaguye mu gihe cy'itumba, mu mpeshyi (Kanama–Nzeri) huzura indabo z'amoko menshi zigakwira mu bibaya, bikaba kimwe mu bintu bikurura ba mukerarugendo benshi ku isi. Afurika y'Epfo ifite kandi ibirwa byo mu Nyanja y'Amajyepfo bizwi nka '''Prince Edward Islands''', bigizwe na '''Marion Island''' ifite ubuso bwa '''kilometero kare 290''' na '''Prince Edward Island''' ifite ubuso bwa '''kilometero kare 45'''. == Ikirere == Afurika y'Epfo ifite ikirere giciriritse muri rusange, bitewe n'uko ikikijwe n'Inyanja ya Atalantika n'Inyanja y'u Buhinde ku mpande eshatu, ikaba iri mu gice cy'amajyepfo y'Isi gifite ikirere kidakabije, ndetse n'uko ubutumburuke bw'igihugu bugenda bwiyongera werekeza mu majyaruguru no hagati mu gihugu. Imiterere y'ubutaka n'ingaruka z'inyanja bituma igihugu kigira ubwoko butandukanye bw'ikirere. Mu majyaruguru y'iburengerazuba hari ubutayu bwa '''Namib''' bufite ubushyuhe n'ubukame bukabije, mu gihe mu burasirazuba, ku mupaka wa '''[[Mozambike]]''' n'Inyanja y'u Buhinde, hari ikirere cy'ubushyuhe n'imvura nyinshi (subtropical). Igihe cy'itumba muri Afurika y'Epfo kiba hagati ya '''Kamena na Kanama'''. Mu majyepfo y'iburengerazuba, ikirere gisa n'icya '''Mediterane''', kirangwa n'imvura mu itumba n'impeshyi ishyushye kandi yumye. Aka karere kazwi cyane kubera urusobe rw'ibimera rwa '''fynbos''', kandi ni na ko gakorerwamo divayi nyinshi z'Afurika y'Epfo. Karangwa kandi n'umuyaga uhuha hafi umwaka wose, ibintu byatumye kera amato menshi akora impanuka igihe yanyuraga ku '''Cape of Good Hope'''. Mu burasirazuba bw'inkombe z'amajyepfo, imvura igwa neza mu mezi yose y'umwaka, bigatuma hahora hari ibimera byinshi n'ubutaka butoshye. Intara ya '''Free State''' irangwa n'ubutaka buringaniye kuko iherereye ku kibaya kinini cyo hagati mu gihugu. Mu majyaruguru y'uruzi rwa '''Vaal''', akarere ka '''Highveld''' kagira imvura ihagije kandi ubushyuhe ntibukabije nk'ubwo mu bice byo ku nkombe. Umujyi wa '''Johannesburg''', uherereye hagati ya Highveld ku butumburuke bwa metero '''1,740''' hejuru y'inyanja, ugwa imvura igera kuri '''milimetero 760''' ku mwaka. Igihe cy'itumba muri aka karere kirakonja, nubwo urubura rugwa gake. Ahantu hakonja kurusha ahandi ku mugabane wa Afurika y'Epfo ni '''Buffelsfontein''' mu ntara ya '''Eastern Cape''', aho mu mwaka wa '''2013''' handitswe ubushyuhe bwa '''−20.1 °C'''. Nubwo ibirwa bya '''Prince Edward Islands''' bikonja kurushaho muri rusange, Buffelsfontein ni ho hamaze gupimwa ubushyuhe bwo hasi cyane ku mugabane w'igihugu. Ku rundi ruhande, ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwemewe n'amategeko bwapimwe muri '''Vioolsdrif''' muri '''Mutarama 1993''', bugera kuri '''48.8 °C''', nubwo hari inyandiko zivuga ko mu '''1948''' higeze gupimwa '''51.7 °C''' hafi ya '''Upington''', ariko ibyo ntibyemewe ku mugaragaro kuko ibikoresho byakoreshejwe bitari bisanzwe. Imihindagurikire y'ikirere ikomeje kugira ingaruka zikomeye muri Afurika y'Epfo, zirimo izamuka ry'ubushyuhe n'ihindagurika ry'imvura. Ibiza biterwa n'ikirere, nk'amapfa n'inkongi z'umuriro, biragenda byiyongera kandi bikarushaho gukaza ubukana. Ibi bishyira mu kaga umutungo kamere, amazi, umusaruro w'ubuhinzi, ubuzima bw'abaturage n'urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima. Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe n''''South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI)''' bugaragaza ko bitarenze '''2050''', ubushyuhe bushobora kwiyongera hafi ya '''1 °C''' ku nkombe z'inyanja, naho mu bice by'imbere mu gihugu nk''''Northern Cape''' bukiyongera kurenga '''4 °C'''. Akarere ka '''Cape Floral Region''', kazwi cyane kubera ibimera byihariye, gashobora kuzibasirwa cyane n'iyi mihindagurikire, bikaba byanashyira amoko menshi y'ibimera n'inyamaswa mu kaga ko kuzimira. Afurika y'Epfo yasohoye raporo z'igihugu ku mihindagurikire y'ikirere mu '''2011''' no mu '''2016'''. Ni kimwe mu bihugu bisohora imyuka myinshi ya '''carbone dioxyde (CO₂)''' ku isi, cyane cyane kubera gukoresha amakara na peteroli nk'isoko rikuru ry'ingufu. Mu rwego rwo kubahiriza amasezerano mpuzamahanga yo kurengera ibidukikije, igihugu cyiyemeje ko imyuka ihumanya ikirere kizayigeza ku rwego rwo hejuru hagati ya '''2020 na 2025''', hanyuma igatangira kugabanuka. == 1.Ubutegetsi n'Umukuru w'Igihugu == Afurika y’Epfo igendera ku mfashanyigisho y''''inteko ishinga amategeko (parliamentary republic)''', ariko ifite umwihariko: * '''Perezida:''' Ni umukuru w’igihugu akaba n'umukuru w’guverinoma. Agomba kuba afite icyizere cy’Inteko Ishinga Amategeko kugira ngo agume ku gutegeka. * '''Gutora Perezida:''' Nyuma y'amatora y'inteko, Abadepite (National Assembly) batora umwe mu bagize inteko akaba Perezida. * '''Manda:''' Perezida amara imyaka 5 ku ntebe, kandi ashobora kuyobora '''manda ebyiri gusa'''. * '''Cabinet:''' Perezida ashyiraho Icyegera cye (Deputy President) na ba Minisitiri. Inteko iramutse imukupye icyizere (''motion of no confidence''), Perezida na guverinoma ye bashobora gukurvaho. * '''Uburenganzira bw'Itegeko Nshinga:''' Inzego zose (Itafata ibyemezo, Ishinga amategeko, n'Ubutabera) zitwarwa n'Itegeko Nshinga. Inkiko nkuru zifite ububasha bwo kuburizamo ibyemezo cyangwa amategeko anyuranyije naryo. == 2. Inzu z'Inteko Ishinga Amategeko n'Amatora yo mu 2024 == Inteko ifite inzu ebyiri: # '''National Assembly (Inzu yo Pasi):''' Igizwe n'abadepite 400 batorwa ku mfashanyigisho y'ijanisha ry'amajwi amashyaka yaboneye (''party-list proportional representation'') buri myaka 5. # '''National Council of Provinces (Inzu yo Mu hisi):''' Igizwe n'abajyanama 90 (buri ntara mu ziri 9 itora abantu 10). === Amatora yo ku wa 29 Gicurasi 2024 === Aya matora yabaye amateka kuko ishyaka rya '''ANC yatakaje ubwiganze mu nteko''' ku buryo bw'umwihariko kuva Apartheid yagera ku musozo: * '''ANC:''' Yabonye 40% (imyanya 159). * '''DA (Democratic Alliance):''' Yabonye 22% (imyanya 87) - Ishyaka rikuru rirwanya ubutegetsi. * '''uMkhonto weSizwe (MK):''' Yabonye 14.6% (imyanya 58) - Ryashinzwe na Jacob Zuma. * '''EFF (Economic Freedom Fighters):''' Yabonye 9.5% (imyanya 39) - Ryashinzwe na Julius Malema. <blockquote>Nyuma y'amatora, ANC yafatanyije na DA n'ayandi mashyaka mato gukora '''Guverinoma y'Ubumwe bw'Igihugu (Government of National Unity)'''.</blockquote> == 3. Imijyi n'Imirwa Mukuru (3 Cities) == Afurika y’Epfo ntabwo ifite umurwa mukuru umwe utenganwa mu buryo bw'itegeko. Ubutegetsi bugabanyije mu mijyi itatu: * '''Cape Town (Umurwa mukuru w'amategeko):''' Ibyicaro by'Inteko Ishinga Amategeko. * '''Pretoria (Umurwa mukuru w'ubutegetsi):''' Ibyicaro vya Perezida, Cabinet, n'ambasade z'amahanga. * '''Bloemfontein (Umurwa mukuru w'ubutabera):''' Ibyicaro by'Urukiko Rusange rwayo (''Supreme Court of Appeal''). ''(Nyamara, Urukiko Rurembereye rw'Itegeko Nshinga ruherereye i Johannesburg kuva mu 1994).'' == 4. Urwego rw'Amategeko n'Inkiko == Amategeko ya Afurika y'Epfo ashingiye ku mbata y'imvange y'amateka babayemo: # '''Roman-Dutch law:''' Amategeko yazanywe n'Abaholandi mu bihe bya Koni. # '''English Common law:''' Amategeko y'Abongereza yazanywe mu kinyejana cya 19. === Urutonde rwez'Inkiko (Hierarchy): === * Constitutional Cour'''t:''' Urukiko rurembereye (i Johannesburg). * Supreme Court of Appeal: Urukiko rugenewe ibindi bibazo bitari ibyo mu Itegeko Nshinga (i Bloemfontein). * High Court''':''' Inkiko zisumbuye mu turere dutandukanye. * Magistrates' Courts: Inkiko z'ibanze ziburanisha ibyaha bito n'imbatshwa z'ubucuruzi ziciriritse. == 5. Imyigaragambyo, Ubutegetsi n'Uburenganzira bw'Irembo == * '''Imyigaragambyo:''' Kuva mu 2004, iki gihugu cyagize imyigaragambyo myinshi mu baturage (harimo n'iy'urugomo), ku buryo gushaka kuvugwa ko ari cyo gihugu gihura n'imyigaragambyo myinshi mu isi. * '''Icyerekezo cy'Ibrahim Index (2022):''' Afurika y’Epfo yaje ku '''mwanya wa 6 mu bihugu 48''' bya Afurika yo munsi ya Sahara. Yagize amanota meza mu Gutegekesha Itegeko, Mu Bweranda, n'Uburenganzira bwa Muntu, ariko igira amanota make mu Mutekano. * '''Uburenganzira bw'Abahuje Igitsina:''' Mu 2006, yabaye imwe mu nshingano za mbere mu isi yemereye gushyingiranwa ku bahuje igitsina (''same-sex marriage''). == Ubukungu muri Afurika y'Epfo == Afurika y'Epfo ifite '''ubukungu buvanze (mixed economy)''' burangwa n'urwego rw'imari rwateye imbere, inganda zitandukanye, ndetse n'umutungo kamere mwinshi. Ni cyo gihugu gifite ubukungu bunini muri Afurika, kandi kizwi nk'igihugu cyateye imbere cyane mu rwego rw'inganda, ikoranabuhanga n'ubukungu butandukanye ku mugabane wa Afurika. Mu mwaka wa '''2026''', umusaruro mbumbe w'igihugu (GDP) warengeje '''miliyari 450 z'amadolari ya Amerika''', kandi gifite umwe mu musaruro mbumbe ku muturage (GDP per capita) uri hejuru cyane muri Afurika yo munsi y'Ubutayu bwa Sahara. Ifaranga ry'Afurika y'Epfo, '''Rand (ZAR)''', ni ryo rikoreshwa cyane mu bucuruzi bw'ivunjisha muri Afurika. Isoko ry'imari ry'i Johannesburg ('''Johannesburg Stock Exchange – JSE''') ni ryo rinini ku mugabane wa Afurika, kandi mu mwaka wa 2026 ryari ku mwanya wa 16 ku isi mu gaciro k'amasosiyete aribarizwaho, gafite agaciro kagera kuri '''tiriyoni 1.53 z'amadolari ya Amerika'''. Afurika y'Epfo ni na yo gihugu rukumbi cyo muri Afurika kiri mu muryango wa '''G20''', kandi ni umunyamuryango wa '''BRICS''', ibintu bigaragaza uruhare rukomeye gifite mu bukungu bw'isi. Afurika y'Epfo ni kimwe mu bihugu bikomeye mu bucuruzi mpuzamahanga, aho ibyoherezwa mu mahanga bifite uruhare runini mu bukungu bwacyo. Ibicuruzwa byoherezwa hanze cyane birimo '''amabuye y'agaciro, ibinyabiziga, imashini, umusaruro w'ubuhinzi ndetse n'ibicuruzwa by'inganda'''. Abafatanyabikorwa bayo bakomeye mu bucuruzi barimo '''Ubushinwa, Umuryango w'Ubumwe bw'u Burayi (EU), Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, Ubudage, Ubuyapani, u Buhinde n'Ubwami bw'Abongereza'''. Iki gihugu kandi cyungukira ku masezerano y'ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga arimo '''Isoko Rusange ry'Ubucuruzi muri Afurika (AfCFTA)''' n'itegeko rya '''African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA)''', bikomeza kugiha umwanya ukomeye nk'igicumbi cy'ubucuruzi n'ishoramari muri Afurika. Nubwo nyuma y'iherezo rya politiki y'ivanguramoko ('''Apartheid''') mu 1994 hashyizweho amavugurura menshi mu bukungu, Afurika y'Epfo iracyahanganye n'ibibazo bikomeye by'imibereho n'ubukungu. Muri byo harimo '''ubushomeri buri ku rwego rwo hejuru, ubukene bukabije, ndetse n'ubusumbane bukabije mu kwinjiza amafaranga''', aho igihugu kiri mu bifite ikinyuranyo kinini hagati y'abakire n'abakene ku isi. Abaturage barenga kimwe cya kabiri babaho munsi y'umurongo w'ubukene, kandi igipimo cya '''Gini coefficient''', gipima ubusumbane mu kwinjiza amafaranga, kiri mu biri hejuru cyane ku rwego mpuzamahanga. Guverinoma yakomeje gushyiraho ingamba zigamije '''guhagarariza ubukungu, gukurura ishoramari, no kugabanya ubusumbane''', zirimo gutanga inkunga z'imibereho ('''social grants''') no gushyiraho umushahara fatizo ku rwego rw'igihugu ('''national minimum wage'''). Nubwo izo ngamba zatanze umusaruro mu bice bimwe, iterambere rikomeje kugenda buhoro kandi ntiryagera ku baturage bose ku buryo bungana. ====== Inganda n'Urwego rwa Serivisi muri Afurika y'Epfo ====== Urwego rwa '''serivisi''' ni rwo rugira uruhare runini mu bukungu bwa Afurika y'Epfo, rutanga hafi 70% by'Umusaruro Mbumbe w'Igihugu (GDP''')''' kandi rukaba rwanatanga akazi ku mubare munini w'abaturage. Umujyi wa Johannesburg ni wo kigo gikomeye cy'imari muri Afurika, ukaba ubarizwamo amabanki manini ku mugabane, ibigo mpuzamahanga byinshi, ndetse n'Isoko ry'Imigabane rya Johannesburg (Johannesburg Stock Exchange), rifite agaciro k'isoko kageraga kuri tiriyoni 1.36 z'amadolari ya Amerika mu mwaka wa 2023. Iryo soko ryihariye hafi 90% by'agaciro k'amasoko y'imigabane yose muri Afurika. Urwego rw'imari rwa Afurika y'Epfo ni rwo rwateye imbere cyane muri Afurika. Amabanki akomeye nka Standard Bank, First National Bank (FNB), Absa, na Nedbank akorera muri Afurika no mu bindi bihugu byo ku isi. Politiki y'ifaranga n'umutekano w'urwego rw'imari bicungwa na Banki Nkuru ya Afurika y'Epfo (South African Reserve Bank''')''', ari na yo banki nkuru ya mbere yashinzwe muri Afurika. Ubucuruzi nabwo bufite uruhare runini mu bukungu bw'igihugu. Afurika y'Epfo ifite isoko rinini ry'ubucuruzi muri Afurika kandi iza ku mwanya wa gatandatu ku isi mu kugira umubare munini w'amaduka manini acururizwamo (shopping centres). Ni na ho havuye urunigi rwa resitora Nando's, rumaze gukwira mu bihugu birenga 20 ku isi. Inganda zikora ibintu (manufacturing) zikomeza kuba inkingi ikomeye y'ubukungu, zitanga hafi '''13% bya GDP''' kandi zigaha akazi abantu barenga '''miliyoni 1.7'''. Afurika y'Epfo ifite urwego rw'inganda ruteye imbere kandi rutandukanye kurusha urw'ibindi bihugu bya Afurika. Inganda zikora imodoka ni zo ziza ku isonga, aho ibigo nka '''Toyota, Volkswagen, BMW, Ford, Mercedes-Benz,''' na '''Nissan''' bifite inganda nini ziteranyirizwamo imodoka. Igihugu gikora imodoka zirenga '''600,000 buri mwaka''', kikaba ari cyo cya mbere muri Afurika mu gukora imodoka, kandi nyinshi zoherezwa ku masoko yo mu Burayi, Aziya no mu bindi bihugu bya Afurika. Izindi nganda zikomeye zirimo izitunganya imiti n'ibinyabutabire, ibyuma, ibikoresho by'ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro, imashini, gutunganya ibiribwa n'ibinyobwa, imyenda, ndetse n'ibikoresho bya gisirikare. Ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro bukomeje kuba imwe mu nkingi z'ubukungu bw'igihugu. Bugira uruhare rwa 7–8% bya GDP, kandi bwinjiza amafaranga arenga kimwe cya kabiri cy'ibyoherezwa mu mahanga. Afurika y'Epfo ni kimwe mu bihugu bikomeye ku isi mu bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro. Ni cyo gihugu cya mbere ku isi mu gutunganya platine, chrome, manganese, na '''vanadium''', kandi kiri mu bihugu bikomeye mu gucukura '''amakara,''' ubutare bw'icyuma (iron ore)''',''' diyama, uranium, titanium, na '''zahabu'''. Afurika y'Epfo ifite umutungo munini cyane w'amabuye y'agaciro ufite agaciro karenga tiriyoni 2.5 z'amadolari ya Amerika, kandi iri mu bihugu icumi bya mbere ku isi bifite amabuye y'agaciro menshi atandukanye. Ifite kandi hafi 88% by'ububiko bwa platine ku isi, 80% bya manganese, na 72% bya chromite. Nubwo '''ubuhinzi''' butanga gusa hagati ya '''2–3% bya GDP''', bufite uruhare rukomeye mu gutanga akazi, kubungabunga umutekano w'ibiribwa, guteza imbere icyaro no kongera ibyoherezwa mu mahanga. Afurika y'Epfo ni kimwe mu bihugu bya mbere ku isi mu guhinga no kohereza mu mahanga '''imbuto za citrus (nk'amacunga n'indimu), inzabibu, divayi, ibigori, ubwoya bw'intama, mohair,''' n'ibikomoka ku '''nguni'''. Ni cyo gihugu cya mbere ku isi mu gukora '''mohair''' n'inyama z'inguni, kandi kiri mu bihugu bya mbere mu gutunganya amapera, amacunga n'isukari. Hafi '''kimwe cya kabiri cy'umusaruro w'ubuhinzi''' woherezwa mu mahanga, bigatuma Afurika y'Epfo iba kimwe mu bihugu bikomeye mu kohereza ibikomoka ku buhinzi mu gice cy'Isi cy'Amajyepfo. ====== Ubukerarugendo ====== Ubukerarugendo ni imwe mu nkingi z'ingenzi z'ubukungu bwa Afurika y'Epfo. Bugira uruhare rwa hafi '''3.3% by'Umusaruro Mbumbe w'Igihugu (GDP)''' kandi butanga akazi ku bantu bagera kuri '''miliyoni 1.8''', bingana n'ibice birenga '''10% by'abakozi bose''' mu gihugu. Mu mwaka wa '''2024''', Afurika y'Epfo yakiriye abakerarugendo mpuzamahanga bagera kuri '''miliyoni 8.9''' binjiye banyuze ku mipaka n'ibyambu bitandukanye. Mu '''2025''', ikinyamakuru ''The Daily Telegraph'' cyayishyize mu bihugu bikunzwe cyane ku isi mu bukerarugendo ndetse kiba igihugu cya mbere muri Afurika no mu karere k'Inyanja y'u Buhinde mu gukundwa n'abagenzi. Afurika y'Epfo izwi cyane kubera imiterere y'ubutaka butandukanye, inyamaswa nyinshi zo mu gasozi, n'umurage ukungahaye w'umuco n'amateka. Iki gihugu gifite bimwe mu byiza nyaburanga bizwi cyane muri Afurika, birimo Pariki y'Igihugu ya Kruger, imwe mu pariki nini kandi zisurwa cyane ku mugabane; Umusozi wa Table Mountain, umwe mu Bitangaza Birindwi by'Isi by'Ibinyabuzima (New7Wonders of Nature); umuhanda nyaburanga wa Garden Route; imisozi ya Drakensberg; ikibaya cya Blyde River Canyon; ndetse n'inyanja nziza zo mu Ntara za Western Cape na KwaZulu-Natal. Gusura inyamaswa zo mu gasozi (Safari) ni kimwe mu bikurura ba mukerarugendo benshi, bikaba bishyigikiwe n'urusobe rwa pariki z'igihugu, za pariki z'abikorera ndetse n'ahantu harinzwe h'ibinyabuzima byo mu nyanja. Imijyi minini na yo yakira miliyoni z'abashyitsi buri mwaka. Cape Town, ikunze gushyirwa ku rutonde rw'imijyi myiza cyane ku isi, ni yo soko rikuru ry'ubukerarugendo muri Afurika y'Epfo. Irazwi cyane kubera V&A Waterfront, Table Mountain, Cape Point, n'uturere twegereye dukorerwamo divayi twa Cape Winelands. Johannesburg, umurwa mukuru w'ubucuruzi n'imari, ifite ahantu hakurura ba mukerarugendo harimo Ingoro Ndangamurage ya Apartheid (Apartheid Museum), Constitution Hill, na Gold Reef City. Umujyi wa Durban uzwi cyane kubera ikirere gishyushye, inyanja nziza n'umuhanda wa Golden Mile ukora ku nkengero z'inyanja. Ubukerarugendo bushingiye kuri divayi (Wine Tourism) nabwo bwateye imbere cyane, aho imizabibu n'inganda za divayi zo mu turere twa Stellenbosch, Franschhoek, na Paarl biri mu hantu hasurwa cyane mu gice cy'Amajyepfo y'Isi. Afurika y'Epfo ifite Ahantu 12 ndangamurage z'Isi za UNESCO (UNESCO World Heritage Sites), zigaragaza akamaro k'iki gihugu mu kubungabunga ibidukikije, amateka n'umuco. Muri zo harimo Robben Island, Cradle of Humankind, iSimangaliso Wetland Park, Cape Floral Region Protected Areas, Mapungubwe National Park, Maloti-Drakensberg Park, na Richtersveld Cultural and Botanical Landscape. Izi ndangamurage zikomeza gukurura ba mukerarugendo baturutse impande zose z'isi kandi zigira uruhare rukomeye mu iterambere ry'ubukungu bw'igihugu.[[Dosiye:Ciudad_del_Cabo_desde_Cabeza_de_León,_Sudáfrica,_2018-07-22,_DD_34.jpg|thumb|Ciudad del Cabo desde Cabeza de León, Sudáfrica, 2018-07-22, DD 34]] ====== Ubumenyi n'Ikoranabuhanga ====== Afurika y'Epfo ni kimwe mu bihugu bya Afurika byatanze umusanzu ukomeye mu iterambere ry'ubumenyi n'ikoranabuhanga. Mu '''2025''', cyashyizwe ku mwanya wa '''61 ku Isi''' mu rutonde rw'Ibihugu Bigaragaza Udushya n'Ubushakashatsi (''Global Innovation Index''). Mu Ukuboza 1967, umuganga ubaga umutima Christiaan Barnard yakoze ku nshuro ya mbere ku isi igikorwa cyo gusimbuza umutima w'umuntu n'uw'undi muntu (human-to-human heart transplant) mu Bitaro bya Groote Schuur. Iki gikorwa cyabaye intambwe ikomeye mu buvuzi bw'isi. Abandi banyasiyansi bakomoka muri Afurika y'Epfo bagize uruhare rukomeye mu iterambere ry'ubumenyi harimo: * Max Theiler, wakoze urukingo rw'indwara ya Yellow Fever (umuriro w'umuhondo). * Allan MacLeod Cormack, wagize uruhare rukomeye mu guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga rya CT Scan (Computed Tomography) rikoreshwa mu gusuzuma indwara imbere mu mubiri. * Aaron Klug, yateje imbere uburyo bwo gukoresha electron microscopy mu bushakashatsi ku miterere y'utunyangingo. Kubera ibyo bikorwa by'indashyikirwa, Allan MacLeod Cormack na Aaron Klug bahawe Igihembo cyitiriwe Nobel. Mu mwaka wa 2002, Sydney Brenner na we yahawe Igihembo cya Nobel kubera ubushakashatsi bwe bw'ingenzi mu molekulari biyoloji (Molecular Biology). Mu rwego rw'ikoranabuhanga, Mark Shuttleworth yashinze Thawte, kimwe mu bigo bya mbere byatanze serivisi z'umutekano wa interineti (Internet Security). Nyuma yaje no kuba umwe mu Banyafurika ba mbere bakoze urugendo rwo mu isanzure (space). Afurika y'Epfo ifite kandi urwego rw'ubushakashatsi mu by'inyenyeri n'isanzure (Astronomy) ruteye imbere. Ni ho hari Southern African Large Telescope (SALT), ari yo telesikopi nini cyane ikoresha urumuri (optical telescope) mu gice cy'Amajyepfo y'Isi. Iki gihugu kandi kirimo kubaka Karoo Array Telescope, igice cy'umushinga mpuzamahanga wa Square Kilometre Array (SKA''')''', uzaba umwe mu mishinga minini cyane ku isi mu bushakashatsi bw'isanzure. Mu rwego rw'ikoranabuhanga rya gisirikare, Afurika y'Epfo yatanze umusanzu ukomeye mu gukora imodoka za gisirikare zirinda abasirikare ibisasu bishyingurwa mu butaka (landmines) n'ibindi bisasu byaturikirizwa kure (MRAP – Mine-Resistant Ambush Protected vehicles). Izi modoka zaje kuba urugero rwakurikijwe n'ibihugu byinshi byo ku isi. Iki gihugu kandi cyateje imbere ikoranabuhanga ryerekana amakuru y'indege n'intwaro ku kirahure cy'ingofero y'umupilote ('''Helmet-Mounted Display Technology'''), rifasha umupilote kubona amakuru y'ingenzi atarebye ku bipimo byo mu ndege. Byongeye kandi, kajugujugu y'intambara Denel Rooivalk, yakozwe muri Afurika y'Epfo, yabaye kajugujugu ya mbere y'intambara ku isi yakoze neza ikizunguruka cya dogere 360° (360-degree loop), bikagaragaza urwego rwo hejuru rw'ubushobozi bw'igihugu mu ikoranabuhanga rya gisirikare. ===== Ubwikorezi ===== Afurika y'Epfo ni cyo gihugu gifite '''ibikorwaremezo by'ubwikorezi binini kandi biteye imbere kurusha ibindi muri Afurika'''. Ifite urusobe ruhujwe rw'imihanda, gari ya moshi, ibibuga by'indege, ibyambu n'imiyoboro itwara ibikomoka kuri peteroli na gaz. Igihugu gifite ibilometero bisaga 750,000 by'imihanda, bikaba ari urusobe rw'imihanda runini muri Afurika ndetse rukaba ruri ku mwanya wa 12 ku isi. Ikigo cya Leta cyitwa South African National Roads Agency (SANRAL) ni cyo gishinzwe kubungabunga no guteza imbere imihanda y'igihugu. Mu mihanda y'ingenzi harimo N1, N2, N3 na N4, ihuza imijyi minini y'igihugu kandi ikaba iri mu mihanda mpuzamahanga nka Cape to Cairo Highway, ihuza Amajyepfo n'Amajyaruguru ya Afurika. Urusobe rwa gari ya moshi rureshya n'ibilometero 36,000, rukaba ari rwo runini muri Afurika ndetse rukaza ku mwanya wa karindwi ku isi. Gutwara imizigo bikorwa cyane n'ikigo Transnet Freight Rail, naho gutwara abagenzi bikorwa n'ikigo Passenger Rail Agency of South Africa (PRASA). Hari kandi Gautrain, gari ya moshi yihuta ihuza Johannesburg na Pretoria, ikaba ari yo serivisi ya gari ya moshi yihuta yonyine muri Afurika y'Epfo. Afurika y'Epfo ifite ibibuga by'indege birenga 1,500, bikaba biri mu mubare munini cyane ku isi kandi ari byo byinshi kurusha ibindi bihugu bya Afurika. Ikibuga cy'Indege Mpuzamahanga cya O.R. Tambo giherereye i Johannesburg ni cyo kinini kandi gikoreshwa cyane muri Afurika, kikaba ari na cyo cyinjirirwamo n'abagenzi benshi baturuka cyangwa bajya mu mahanga. Ibindi bibuga bikomeye ni Cape Town International Airport, King Shaka International Airport, na Chief Dawid Stuurman International Airport. Urwego rw'indege rwa Afurika y'Epfo ni rwo rwateye imbere cyane ku mugabane wa Afurika. Rukorerwamo n'amasosiyete y'indege arimo South African Airways, Airlink, FlySafair, CemAir, na LIFT, atanga serivisi z'imbere mu gihugu ndetse n'izihuza Afurika y'Epfo n'ibindi bihugu. Mu rwego rw'ubwikorezi bwo mu mazi, Afurika y'Epfo ifite ibyambu bikomeye birimo Durban, Cape Town, Gqeberha, Richards Bay, Saldanha Bay, na East London. Icyambu cya Durban ni cyo cyambu gikomeye kurusha ibindi byo munsi y'Ubutayu bwa Sahara mu kwakira no kohereza kontineri, kandi kiri ku mwanya wa kane mu gice cy'Amajyepfo y'Isi. Icyambu cya Richards Bay na cyo kiri mu byambu binini ku isi byoherezamo ibicuruzwa byinshi, cyane cyane amabuye y'agaciro n'ibindi bicuruzwa byinshi. Ibikorwa by'ibyambu byose bicungwa n'ikigo '''Transnet National Ports Authority''', gifite uruhare rukomeye mu koroshya ubwikorezi bw'ibicuruzwa imbere mu gihugu no guteza imbere ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga.{{Afurika}} [[Category:Afurika y’Epfo]] [[Category:Afurika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] ozdtqqyvm8sxcw5lrwnasv21t94jr8z 134016 134013 2026-07-22T14:41:04Z Igiraneza Divine 15375 Impinduka ntoya 134016 wikitext text/x-wiki {| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+<big>'''Afurika y’Epfo'''</big> |- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan=2 | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |- | align="center" width="140px" | [[File:Flag of South Africa.svg|125px]] | align="center" width="140px" | [[File:Coat of arms of South Africa (heraldic).svg|125px]] |- | align="center" width="140px" | [[Ibendera rya Repubulika y’u Rwanda|<span style="color:grey">Ibendera ry’Afurika y’Epfo</span>]] | align="center" width="140px" | [[Ikimenyetso mpamo cy’inyandiko za Leta y’u Afurika y’Epfo|<span style="color:grey">Ikimenyetso mpamo cy’inyandiko za Leta y’u Afurika y’Epfo</span>]] |} |- | align=center colspan=2 | [[File:South Africa (orthographic projection).svg|300px]] |} {{Databox|excludeProperties=Q258}} '''Afurika y'Epfo''', ku izina ryayo ryemewe n'amategeko ni '''Repubulika y'Afurika y'Epfo (Republic of South Africa – RSA)''', ni igihugu giherereye mu majyepfo y'umugabane wa Afurika. Kigizwe n'intara icyenda. Mu majyepfo gihana imbibi n'inyanja ku nkombe zifite uburebure bwa kilometero 2,798 zogerwa n'Inyanja ya Atalantika y'Amajyepfo n'Inyanja y'u Buhinde. Mu majyaruguru gihana imbibi na Namibiya, Botswana na Zimbabwe, mu burasirazuba no mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba kigahana imbibi na Mozambike na Eswatini, kandi kizengurutse igihugu cya Lesotho. Gifite ubuso bungana na kilometero kare 1,221,037, kikaba gituwe n'abaturage barenga miliyoni 63, bityo kikaba ari igihugu cya gatandatu gituwe n'abaturage benshi ku mugabane wa Afurika. [[Dosiye:Cape-town-port-boats.jpg|center|thumb|320x320px|cape town]] === Inkomoko y'izina === Izina '''"Afurika y'Epfo"''' rikomoka ku mwanya w'iki gihugu ku mugabane wa Afurika, kuko giherereye ku mpera y'amajyepfo yawo. Igihe cyashingwaga, cyiswe '''Ubumwe bw'Afurika y'Epfo (Union of South Africa)''' mu Cyongereza na '''Unie van Zuid-Afrika''' mu Kidage (Dutch), bigaragaza ko cyaturutse ku ihuzwa ry'ubukoloni bune bwari buyobowe n'u Bwongereza. Kuva mu mwaka wa '''1961''', izina ryemewe n'amategeko mu Cyongereza ryabaye '''Repubulika y'Afurika y'Epfo (Republic of South Africa)''', naho mu rurimi rw''''Ikinyafurikansi (Afrikaans)''' ryitwa '''Republiek van Suid-Afrika'''. Kugeza ubu, iki gihugu gifite amazina yemewe mu ndimi zacyo '''12 zemewe n'amategeko'''. Ijambo '''Mzansi''', rikomoka ku izina '''uMzantsi''' ryo mu rurimi rw'Ikixhosa risobanura '''"Amajyepfo"''', ni izina rikunze gukoreshwa mu mvugo ya buri munsi bavuga Afurika y'Epfo. Hari kandi amashyaka amwe n'amwe ashyigikira ihame rya '''Pan-Afurikanisime''' akoresha izina '''Azania''', nubwo iri jambo rikomoka mu Kigereki aho kidakomoka mu ndimi nyafurika. === Amazina === :izina mu [[cyongereza]] : '''Republic of South Africa''' :izina mu [[kinyafurikansi]] : '''Republiek van Suid-Afrika''' :izina mu [[kindebele]] (amajyepfo) : '''IRiphabliki yeSewula Afrika''' :izina mu [[kigisosa]] : '''IRiphabliki yaseMzantsi Afrika''' :izina mu [[kizulu]] : '''IRiphabliki yaseNingizimu Afrika''' :izina mu [[gisotho]] (amajyaruguru) : '''Rephaboliki ya Afrika-Borwa''' :izina mu [[gisotho]] (amajyepfo) : '''Rephaboliki ya Afrika Borwa''' :izina mu [[gitswana]] : '''Rephaboliki ya Aforika Borwa''' :izina mu [[giswati]] : '''IRiphabhulikhi yeNingizimu Afrika''' :izina mu [[kivenda]] : '''Riphabuḽiki ya Afurika Tshipembe'''[[File:Boulders_Beach,_South_Africa.jpg|thumb|Boulders Beach, South Africa]]izina mu [[gitsonga]] : '''Riphabliki ra Afrika Dzon''' == Amateka == === Amateka ya kera (Prehistory) === Afurika y'Epfo ibarizwamo hamwe mu hantu ha kera cyane ku isi habonetse ibisigazwa by'ibimenyetso by'amateka (archaeology) n'ibisigazwa by'abakurambere b'abantu (hominin fossils). Abashakashatsi mu by'amateka ya kera bavumbuye ibisigazwa byinshi mu buvumo butandukanye bwo mu ntara ya '''Gauteng''', buzwi ku izina rya '''Cradle of Humankind''' ("Igicumbi cy'Ikiremwamuntu"), ahantu hemewe na '''UNESCO''' nk'Umurage w'Isi. Muri ibyo bibanza harimo '''Sterkfontein''', imwe mu hantu habonetse ibisigazwa byinshi by'abakurambere b'abantu kurusha ahandi ku isi, ndetse na '''Swartkrans''', '''Gondolin Cave''', '''Kromdraai''', '''Cooper's Cave''' na '''Malapa'''. Igisigazwa cya mbere cy'umukurambere w'umuntu cyavumbuwe muri Afurika, kizwi nka '''Taung Child''', cyabonetse hafi ya '''Taung''' mu mwaka wa '''1924'''. Ibindi bisigazwa byabonetse ahitwa '''Makapansgat''' muri '''Limpopo''', '''Cornelia''' na '''Florisbad''' muri '''Free State''', '''Border Cave''' muri '''KwaZulu-Natal''', '''Klasies River Caves''' muri '''Eastern Cape''', ndetse na '''Pinnacle Point''', '''Elandsfontein''' na '''Die Kelders Cave''' muri '''Western Cape'''.Ibi byavumbuwe bigaragaza ko amoko atandukanye y'abakurambere b'abantu yabaye muri Afurika y'Epfo guhera hafi ku myaka '''miliyoni eshatu''' ishize. Muri ayo moko harimo '''Australopithecus africanus''', '''Australopithecus sediba''', '''Homo ergaster''', '''Homo erectus''', '''Homo rhodesiensis''', '''Homo helmei''', '''Homo naledi''', ndetse n'abantu b'iki gihe ('''Homo sapiens'''). Abantu b'iki gihe bamaze nibura imyaka '''170,000''' batuye mu majyepfo ya Afurika. Nanone, abashakashatsi bavumbuye ibikoresho bya kera byakozwe mu mabuye (pebble tools) mu kibaya cy'uruzi rwa '''Vaal''', bikaba ari ibimenyetso by'ibikorwa by'abantu ba kera muri ako karere. === Igihe cyabanjirije ubukoloni === Abaturage ba mbere bari batuye mu majyepfo ya Afurika ni '''Abasan (San)''' n''''Abakhoikhoi (Khoikhoi)'''. Abasan ahanini batungwaga no guhiga no kwegeranya imyaka yimeza, mu gihe Abakhoikhoi bo, uretse guhiga no kwegeranya, banororaga amatungo. Abantu b'Abakhoisan bashobora kuba bakomoka ku bantu ba mbere bafite imiterere y'umuntu w'iki gihe bageze mu majyepfo ya Afurika mbere y'imyaka '''150,000''' ishize. Nyuma yaho, benshi muri bo basimbuwe cyangwa bashyirwa mu yandi moko bitewe n'ikwirakwira ry'Ababantu (Bantu Expansion) ryabaye hagati y'imyaka '''2,000 na 1,500''' ishize. Abantu bavuga indimi z'Ababantu batangiye kwimukira mu majyepfo baturutse mu burengerazuba bwa Afurika ahagana mu mwaka wa '''3000 Mbere ya Yezu (BCE)'''. Mu kinyejana cya kane n'icya gatanu, abaturage bavuga indimi z'Ababantu bari bamaze gutura mu majyepfo y'uruzi rwa '''Limpopo''', ubu rukaba rugize umupaka wa Afurika y'Epfo na Botswana na Zimbabwe. Bari abahinzi, aborozi kandi bazi gukoresha ibyuma. Ahantu ha mbere hazwi hakorerwaga ibyuma muri '''KwaZulu-Natal''' hateganywa ko hashinzwe ahagana mu mwaka wa '''1050'''. Itsinda ryageze kure mu majyepfo ni iry''''Abaxhosa (Xhosa)''', ururimi rwabo rukaba rwarafashe bimwe mu biranga indimi z'Abakhoisan. Mu rugendo rwabo rwo kwimuka, abo baturage bo mu Gihe cy'Ibyuma basimbuye cyangwa binjiza mu muryango wabo abaturage bari bahatuye mbere. Mu ntara ya '''Mpumalanga''' habonetse uruziga rw'amabuye n'ibindi bimenyetso bya kera birimo ahazwi nka '''Adam's Calendar''', bikekwa ko byubatswe n'Ababakone, ishami ry'Abasotho bo mu Majyaruguru. Ahagana mu mwaka wa '''1220''', abayobozi b'umuryango wa '''K2''' bimukiye ku musozi wa '''Mapungubwe''', aho bashinze umurwa mukuru w'Ubwami bwa '''Mapungubwe''', abaturage basanzwe batura munsi yawo. Imihango yo gusaba imvura yari ifite uruhare rukomeye mu butegetsi bwabo, kandi ahantu henshi hakorerwaga iyo mihango haracyagaragara muri ako karere. Mu mwaka wa '''1250''', umurwa mukuru wa Mapungubwe wari utuwe n'abaturage bagera ku '''5,000''', ubwami bukaba bwarafite ubuso bwa kilometero kare '''30,000''' kandi bukungukira cyane ku bucuruzi bwakorwaga n'ibihugu byo ku Nyanja y'u Buhinde. Impamvu zatumye ubwo bwami busenyuka ahagana mu mwaka wa '''1300''' ntizizwi neza, ariko guhinduka kw'inzira z'ubucuruzi zerekeza ku ruzi rwa '''Zambezi''' byagize uruhare mu kuzamuka kw'Ubwami bwa '''Great Zimbabwe'''. Nyuma y'ibyo, umusozi wa Mapungubwe waratereranywe, abaturage baho baratatana. Hagati y'ikinyejana cya 15 n'icya 17, imikoranire hagati y'Abashona ba mbere, abandi Bashona bimukiye nyuma ndetse n'abavuga Ikinyasotho mu karere ka '''Soutpansberg''' yatumye havuka ururimi n'ubwoko bw''''Abavenda (Venda)'''. Mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 17, itsinda ry''''Abasingo (Singo)''' rikomoka ku Bwami bwa '''Rozvi''' ryimukiye mu majyepfo, rishinga icyicaro cyarwo i '''Dzata''', cyabaye umurwa mukuru w'Ubwami bwa Venda. Mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 18, ubwami bwatangiye gusenyuka bitewe n'ihinduka ry'inzira z'ubucuruzi. Mu miryango yakomeje kugira imbaraga harimo '''Ramabulana Singo''' mu burengerazuba bwa Soutpansberg, na '''Tshivhase Singo''' hamwe na '''Mphaphuli Singo''' mu burasirazuba bwaho. === Ubushakashatsi bw'Abanyaporutigari === Mu mwaka wa '''1487''', umushakashatsi w'Umunyaportigali '''Bartolomeu Dias''' yayoboye urugendo rwa mbere rw'Abanyaburayi rwageze ku nkombe z'amajyepfo ya Afurika. Ku wa '''4 Ukuboza 1487''', yageze ku cyambu cya '''Walfisch Bay''' (ubu cyitwa '''Walvis Bay''' muri Namibiya). Yakomeje akurikiye inkombe z'iburengerazuba bwa Afurika y'Epfo, ariko nyuma y'itariki ya '''8 Mutarama 1488''' inkubi z'umuyaga zamubujije gukomeza akurikira inkombe, bituma arenga agace k'amajyepfo ya Afurika atakabonye. Mu kwezi kwa Gicurasi 1488 yageze ku ruzi yise '''Rio do Infante''', bikekwa ko ari uruzi rwa '''Groot River''' rw'ubu. Agarutse yabonye ikinyura yise '''Cabo das Tormentas''' ("Umutwe w'Inkubi z'Umuyaga"), ariko Umwami '''John II''' wa Porutigali aza kukihindurira izina akita '''Cabo da Boa Esperança (Cape of Good Hope)''', kubera ko cyafunguraga inzira y'ubucuruzi bugana mu Burasirazuba bw'u Buhinde. Uru rugendo rwa Dias rwaje kwamamara cyane binyuze mu gisigo '''Os Lusíadas''', cyanditswe na '''Luís de Camões''' mu mwaka wa '''1572'''. Mu mwaka wa '''1497''', '''Vasco da Gama''' yahagurutse i Lisbon yerekeza mu rugendo rwamugejeje mu Buhinde mu '''1498''' anyuze ku '''Cape of Good Hope''', bityo afungura inzira y'ubucuruzi bwo mu nyanja hagati y'u Burayi na Aziya. Mu rugendo rwe yanyuze ku nkombe z'igice ubu kigize Afurika y'Epfo, ariko ahagarara ku butaka bwa '''Mozambike''' y'ubu. === Ubukoloni bw'Abaholandi n'Abongereza muri Cape === Abaholandi bageze bwa mbere ku nkombe z'amajyepfo ya Afurika mu mwaka wa '''1595'''. Mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 17, ubwo ububasha bwa Porutigali mu bwikorezi bwo mu nyanja bwagendaga bugabanuka, abacuruzi b'Abongereza n'Abaholandi batangiye guhatanira kwigarurira ubucuruzi bw'ibirungo bwari bwariganjemo na Porutigali. Guhera mu mwaka wa '''1601''', sosiyete y'Abongereza y'Ubucuruzi n'u Buhinde (British East India Company) yajyaga ihagarara ku '''Cape''' ishaka ibiribwa n'amazi yo guha amato, ariko nyuma ihitamo gukoresha ibirwa bya '''Ascension''' na '''Saint Helena''' nk'ibyambu byo kuruhukiraho. Mu mwaka wa '''1647''', abakozi babiri ba Sosiyete y'Abaholandi y'Ubucuruzi n'u Buhinde (Dutch East India Company) bakoze impanuka y'ubwato kuri Cape maze bahamara amezi menshi. Babashije kubaho babikesha amazi meza, inyama bahawe n'abaturage bahasangaga ndetse no guhinga ku butaka bwera. Basubiye mu Buholandi batangaza ko Cape yari ahantu heza ho kubaka ikigo cyo kubikamo ibiribwa no gutegurira amato akora ingendo ndende. Mu mwaka wa '''1652''', nyuma y'imyaka hafi 150 inzira ya Cape imenyekanye, '''Jan van Riebeeck''' yashinze ikigo cyo gutanga ibiribwa n'ibikoresho ku mato ku '''Cape of Good Hope''', ahaje kuvamo umujyi wa '''Cape Town''', abihagarariye Sosiyete y'Abaholandi y'Ubucuruzi n'u Buhinde. Nyuma y'aho Cape yabaye ubuturo bw'abaturage benshi b'Abaholandi bigenzuraga, bazwi nka '''Free Burghers'''. Abacuruzi b'Abaholandi banazanye imbata ibihumbi baturutse muri '''Indonesiya''', '''Madagasikari''' no mu burasirazuba bwa Afurika. Uku kuvanga abaturage kwatumye havuka itsinda rishya rizwi nka '''Cape Coloureds''', benshi muri bo bakaba barakoresheje ururimi rw'Ikidage cy'Abaholandi (Dutch) kandi bakemera Ubukristo. Guhera mu kinyejana cya 17, havutse amakimbirane hagati y'Abakhoisan n'Abaholandi bapfaga ubutaka n'indi mitungo, ayo makimbirane akomeza imyaka myinshi. Kwaguka kw'Abaholandi berekeza iburasirazuba kwatumye barwana n'Abaxhosa, kuko impande zombi zashakaga kugenzura urwuri rwo hafi y'uruzi rwa '''Great Fish River'''. Abahinzi b'Abaholandi bigenga bari batuye ku mipaka bitwaga '''Boers''', naho bamwe muri bo bitwaga '''Trekboers''' kubera imibereho yabo yo kwimuka bimwe na bimwe. Boers bashyizeho imitwe yitwaje intwaro yitwaga '''commandos''', ndetse bagirana ubufatanye n'Abakhoisan mu guhangana n'ibitero by'Abaxhosa. Impande zombi zagabye ibitero byinshi byamennye amaraso, ariko nta ruhande rwabashije gutsinda burundu urundi, bityo urugomo no kwiba amatungo bikomeza kuba ikibazo mu gihe kirekire. Mu myaka ya '''1795–1803''', u Bwongereza bwigaruriye '''Cape Town''' kugira ngo butayirekera u Bufaransa. Mu '''1803''', Cape yasubiye mu maboko y'Abaholandi igihe gito, ariko mu '''1806''' yongera kwigarurirwa n'u Bwongereza. Nyuma y'Intambara za Napoleon, Cape yemerewe ku mugaragaro kuba igice cy'Ubwami bw'u Bwongereza. Guhera mu '''1818''', Abongereza benshi batangiye kwimukira muri Afurika y'Epfo, maze mu '''1820''' hagera itsinda rinini ry'abimukira ryari rigamije kongera umubare w'abakozi b'Abanyaburayi no gukomeza kurinda imipaka y'ubukoloni ibitero by'Abaxhosa. === Mfecane n'ikwaguka ry'ubukoloni === Mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 19 habaye igihe cy'imvururu n'imihindagurikire gikomeye kizwi nka '''Mfecane''' ("gusenyuka" cyangwa "gutatanywa"), cyaranzwe n'intambara, kwimuka kw'abaturage no kuvuka kw'ubwami bushya. Ibi byatewe n'ihurirana ry'ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga, imihindagurikire y'ibidukikije ndetse n'ikwaguka ry'ubukoloni bw'Abanyaburayi. Ubwami butandukanye bwahanganiye kugenzura inzira z'ubucuruzi n'urwuri, bituma havuka ubwami bwa '''Ndwandwe''' na '''Mthethwa'''. Ndwandwe yatsinze Mthethwa, ariko nyuma ubwami bwayo burasenyuka, maze umwe mu bayobozi ba Mthethwa ari we '''Shaka''' ashinga kandi akomeza '''Ubwami bw'Abazulu (Zulu Kingdom)'''. Muri icyo gihe kandi havutse '''Ubwami bwa Gaza''', bwahanganye n'Abazulu. Mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 19, Abaholandi benshi bavuye muri Cape Colony bahunga ubutegetsi bw'Abongereza. Abo bimukira, bazwi nka '''Voortrekkers''', bimukiye mu turere twaje kuba '''Natal''', '''Free State''' na '''Transvaal'''. Nyuma yo gutsinda Abazulu mu '''Ntambara ya Blood River''' yabaye ku wa '''16 Ukuboza 1838''', bashinze za repubulika z'Ababuru zirimo '''Natalia Republic''', '''South African Republic''' na '''Orange Free State'''. Hagati mu gihugu, Cape Colony yakomeje kwaguka yigarurira ubutaka bw'Ababatswana n'Abagriqua, mu gihe Ubwami bwa '''Matabele''' bwariyongereye bukagaba ibitero ku Bwami bwa '''Venda'''. Ivumburwa rya '''diamant''' mu mwaka wa '''1867''' n'irya '''zahabu''' mu '''1884''' ryatangije igihe cyiswe '''Mineral Revolution''', cyihutishije iterambere ry'ubukungu, kwiyongera kw'abimukira no gukaza ubukoloni bw'Abongereza ku baturage kavukire. Kurwanira kugenzura ayo mabuye y'agaciro byagize uruhare rukomeye mu mibanire hagati y'Abanyaburayi n'Abanyafurika, ndetse no hagati y'Ababuru n'Abongereza. Ku wa '''16 Gicurasi 1876''', Perezida '''Thomas François Burgers''' wa Repubulika y'Afurika y'Epfo yatangaje intambara ku bwoko bw''''Abapedi'''. Umwami '''Sekhukhune''' yatsinze ingabo za Boers inshuro nyinshi, ariko nyuma y'uko Abongereza bagabye ibitero bikurikirana, bamutsinze mu '''Ugushyingo 1879''' bifashishije ingabo z'Abongereza, Ababuru n'Abaswazi. Muri uwo mwaka wa '''1879''', habaye '''Intambara y'Abongereza n'Abazulu (Anglo-Zulu War)'''. U Bwongereza bwifuzaga gushyiraho ihuriro ry'ibihugu muri Afurika y'Epfo nk'iryari rimaze kugerwaho muri Kanada. Mu '''1874''', '''Henry Bartle Frere''' yoherejwe muri Afurika y'Epfo nk'Intumwa Nkuru y'u Bwongereza kugira ngo ashyire mu bikorwa uwo mugambi. Nubwo Abazulu batsinze Abongereza mu '''Ntambara ya Isandlwana''', nyuma batsinzwe burundu, bituma '''Ubwami bw'Abazulu''' butakaza ubwigenge bwabwo. === Intambara z'Ababuru n'Ubwigenge === Repubulika z'Ababuru zashoboye guhangana n'igerageza ry'u Bwongereza ryo kuzigarurira mu '''Ntambara ya Mbere y'Ababuru (1880–1881)''', zikoresheje uburyo bwo kurwana bw'udutsiko (guerrilla warfare) bwari bubereye imiterere y'ako karere. Mu '''Ntambara ya Kabiri y'Ababuru (1899–1902)''', Abongereza bagarutse bafite ingabo nyinshi, uburambe n'ingamba nshya. Nubwo bahuye n'igihombo gikomeye, amaherezo batsinze biturutse ku gukoresha amayeri yo gutwika imitungo no gushyira abaturage mu nkambi z'ifungwa (concentration camps), aho abaturage b'Ababuru bagera ku '''27,000''' bapfiriye bazize indwara n'imibereho mibi. Nyuma y'izo ntambara, abaturage bo mu mijyi ya Afurika y'Epfo bariyongereye cyane, kandi abahinzi benshi b'Ababuru bahungiye mu mijyi yo muri '''Transvaal''' na '''Orange Free State''', aho bamwe baje kwitwa '''"Abazungu bakennye" (poor whites)'''. Muri icyo gihe, politiki y'Abazungu bo muri Afurika y'Epfo yarwanyaga ubutegetsi bw'u Bwongereza, igamije kugera ku bwigenge. Mu gihe cy'ubukoloni bw'Abaholandi n'Abongereza, ivangura rishingiye ku moko ryakorwaga ahanini mu buryo butanditse, ariko hashyizweho amategeko agenga aho abaturage kavukire bagombaga gutura n'uko bagendaga, harimo '''Native Location Act''' yo mu '''1879''' n'amategeko yabasabaga gutwara impushya z'inzira (pass laws). Nyuma y'imyaka umunani Intambara ya Kabiri y'Ababuru irangiye, ndetse n'imyaka ine y'imishyikirano, '''Itegeko rya Afurika y'Epfo ryo mu 1909 (South Africa Act 1909)''' ryashinzwe '''Ubumwe bw'Afurika y'Epfo (Union of South Africa)''' ku wa '''31 Gicurasi 1910''', riha igihugu ubwigenge bugarukira ku rwego runaka. Ubu bumwe bwari bugizwe n'ubukoloni bwa '''Cape''', '''Transvaal''', '''Natal''', hamwe na '''Orange Free State'''. Mu '''1913''', hashyizweho '''Itegeko ry'Ubutaka bw'Abasangwabutaka (Natives Land Act)''', ryagabanyije cyane uburenganzira bw'Abirabura bwo gutunga ubutaka, kuko icyo gihe bemerewe kugenzura hafi '''7%''' gusa by'ubutaka bw'igihugu. Nyuma, ubuso bwagenewe abaturage kavukire bwaje kongerwaho gato. Mu '''1931''', Ubumwe bw'Afurika y'Epfo bwabonye ubwigenge busesuye ku Bwami bw'u Bwongereza binyuze mu '''Statute of Westminster''', yakuyeho ububasha bw'Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y'u Bwongereza bwo gushyiraho amategeko muri Afurika y'Epfo. Mu '''1934''', '''South African Party''' na '''National Party''' byishyize hamwe bishinga '''United Party''', mu rwego rwo kunga Abafurikana n'Abazungu bavuga Icyongereza. Icyakora, mu '''1939''' iryo shyaka ryaracitse kubera kutumvikana ku kwinjira kw'Afurika y'Epfo mu Ntambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose ku ruhande rw'u Bwongereza. === Igihe cya Apartheid === Mu '''1948''', '''National Party''' yatsinze amatora maze ifata ubutegetsi. Yakomeje kandi ishimangira politiki y'ivanguramoko yari yaratangiye mu gihe cy'ubukoloni bw'Abaholandi n'Abongereza. Hashingiwe ku mategeko ya '''Indian Act''' yo muri Kanada, abaturage bashyizwe mu byiciro bitatu: '''Abazungu''', '''Abirabura''', n''''Abahinde n'Abavangavanze (Coloureds)''', buri tsinda rigenerwa uburenganzira n'imbogamizi zitandukanye. Guverinoma yari iyobowe n'Abazungu bake yashyizeho ku mugaragaro politiki y'ivanguramoko yiswe '''Apartheid'''. Mu gihe Abazungu babagaho ubuzima bwiza bugereranywa n'ubwo mu bihugu byateye imbere byo mu Burengerazuba, Abirabura bo bakomeje guhezwa mu bijyanye n'uburezi, amafaranga binjizaga, amazu ndetse n'icyizere cyo kubaho igihe kirekire. Mu '''1955''', '''Freedom Charter''' yemejwe n'ihuriro rya Congress Alliance, isaba ko habaho igihugu kitagira ivangura rishingiye ku moko. Ku wa '''31 Gicurasi 1961''', Afurika y'Epfo yabaye repubulika nyuma ya referandumu yemerewe gusa Abazungu. Intara ya '''Natal''' yiganjemo abayobokaga u Bwongereza yarwanyije uwo mwanzuro. '''Elizabeth II''' yambuwe izina ry'Umwamikazi wa Afurika y'Epfo, maze '''Charles Robberts Swart''' aba Perezida wa mbere wa Repubulika. Mu '''1983''', itegekonshinga rya '''P. W. Botha''' ryakuyeho umwanya wa Minisitiri w'Intebe, rishyiraho Perezida ufite ububasha bukomeye. Muri uwo mwaka wa 1961, Afurika y'Epfo yanikuye mu muryango wa '''Commonwealth of Nations''' kubera igitutu cy'ibihugu biwugize. Nubwo Apartheid yarwanywaga n'abaturage bo mu gihugu no ku rwego mpuzamahanga, guverinoma yakomeje kuyishyigikira. Inzego z'umutekano zakandamizaga abatavuga rumwe n'ubutegetsi, mu gihe imitwe nka '''African National Congress (ANC)''', '''Azanian People's Organisation''' na '''Pan-Africanist Congress''' yakoraga ibikorwa byo kurwanya ubutegetsi birimo intambara y'udutsiko no gusenya ibikorwa remezo. Kubera politiki y'ivanguramoko, ibihugu byinshi byahagaritse ubucuruzi n'Afurika y'Epfo, biza no kuyifatira ibihano mpuzamahanga no gukuramo ishoramari ryabyo. === Nyuma ya Apartheid === Mu '''1974''', '''Mahlabatini Declaration of Faith''', yashyizweho umukono na '''Mangosuthu Buthelezi''' na '''Harry Schwarz''', yashyize imbere amahame yo guhererekanya ubutegetsi mu mahoro no guha abaturage bose uburenganzira bungana. Mu '''1993''', Perezida '''F.W. de Klerk''' yatangiye ibiganiro na '''Nelson Mandela''' bigamije kurangiza Apartheid no gushyiraho ubutegetsi bushingiye kuri demokarasi. Mu '''1990''', guverinoma ya '''National Party''' yatangiye gukuraho Apartheid ikuraho ibihano byari byarafatiwe '''ANC''' n'indi mitwe ya politiki. '''Nelson Mandela''' yafunguwe nyuma yo kumara imyaka '''27''' muri gereza. Nyuma y'ibiganiro n'amatora ya referandumu yo mu '''1992''', Afurika y'Epfo yakoze amatora rusange ya mbere mu '''1994''', atsindwa ku bwiganze na '''ANC'''. Nyuma y'ayo matora, igihugu cyongeye kwinjira muri '''Commonwealth of Nations''' ndetse kiba umunyamuryango wa '''Southern African Development Community (SADC)'''. Nyuma ya Apartheid, Afurika y'Epfo yakomeje kugira ituze rya politiki nubwo yahuye n'ibibazo birimo ubushomeri n'ubusumbane bukabije mu bukungu. Igihugu cyagize kandi ibihe by'urugomo, birimo imyigaragambyo yo mu '''2008''' yibasiraga abanyamahanga, yahitanye abantu barenga '''60''' ikanahungisha abarenga '''100,000'''. Mu '''2012''', habaye '''ubwicanyi bwa Marikana''', bwabaye bwo bwicanyi bukomeye bwakozwe n'inzego z'umutekano ku baturage kuva imyigaragambyo ya '''Soweto'''. Mu gihe cya Perezida '''Jacob Zuma''', ruswa n'iyigarurirwa ry'inzego za Leta byabaye ikibazo gikomeye. Ifungwa rye by'agateganyo mu '''2021''' ryateje imvururu zahitanye abantu '''354'''. Kuva mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 21, ishyaka '''ANC''' ryagiye ritakaza imbaraga mu matora. Mu matora rusange yo mu '''2024''', ku nshuro ya mbere ryananiwe kubona ubwiganze busesuye mu Nteko Ishinga Amategeko. Nyuma y'ayo matora, Perezida '''Cyril Ramaphosa''' yashyizeho '''Guverinoma y'Ubumwe bw'Igihugu (Government of National Unity)''' ifatanyije n'andi mashyaka, harimo '''Democratic Alliance'''. == Imiterere y'Igihugu == Afurika y'Epfo iherereye mu majyepfo y'umugabane wa Afurika, ikagira inkombe z'inyanja zifite uburebure burenga '''kilometero 2,500''', zihana imbibi n''''Inyanja ya Atalantika y'Amajyepfo''' ndetse n''''Inyanja y'u Buhinde'''. Ifite ubuso bungana na '''kilometero kare 1,219,912''', bikayigira igihugu cya '''24''' kinini ku isi. Uretse ibirwa bya '''Prince Edward''', igihugu kiri hagati ya dogere '''22° na 35° z'amajyepfo (S)''' na dogere '''16° na 33° z'iburasirazuba (E)'''. Igice kinini cy'imbere mu gihugu kigizwe n'ikibaya kinini kiri ku butumburuke buri hagati ya '''metero 1,000 na 2,100''' hejuru y'inyanja. Iki kibaya kiri hejuru cyane mu burasirazuba, kikagenda kigabanuka buhoro buhoro werekeza iburengerazuba, amajyaruguru n'amajyepfo y'iburengerazuba. Gikikijwe n'umusozi muremure uzwi nka '''Great Escarpment''', aho igice cyawo cyo mu burasirazuba kandi kiri hejuru cyane cyitwa '''Drakensberg'''. Umusozi wa '''Mafadi''', uherereye muri Drakensberg, ni wo muremure kurusha indi muri Afurika y'Epfo, ufite ubuhagarike bwa '''metero 3,450''' hejuru y'inyanja. Umupaka uhuza intara ya '''KwaZulu-Natal''' na '''Lesotho''' unyura ku gice kiri hejuru cyane cya Great Escarpment, kigera ku butumburuke burenga '''metero 3,000'''. Igice cy'amajyepfo n'icy'amajyepfo y'iburengerazuba cy'iki kibaya, hamwe n'ikibaya kiri munsi yacyo, kizwi nka '''Great Karoo''', akarere kagizwe ahanini n'ibihuru byo mu butayu kandi gatuwe n'abaturage bake. Mu majyaruguru, Great Karoo ikomeza ihinduka '''Bushmanland''', na yo ikaza kugana mu '''Butayu bwa Kalahari''' buri mu majyaruguru y'iburengerazuba bw'igihugu. Igice cyo hagati no mu burasirazuba cy'ikibaya kizwi nka '''Highveld''', kikaba gifite imvura ihagije, ubutaka bwera ndetse kikaba ari cyo gice gikorwamo ubuhinzi bw'ubucuruzi ku rugero runini. Aha ni na ho hari intara ya '''Gauteng''', ifite abaturage benshi kurusha izindi. Mu majyaruguru ya Highveld hari '''Bushveld''', igenda imanuka ikagera mu kibaya cya '''Limpopo Lowveld'''. Agace k'inkombe kari munsi ya Great Escarpment, guhera mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba, kagizwe na '''Limpopo Lowveld''', gakomeza muri '''Mpumalanga Lowveld''', munsi ya '''Mpumalanga Drakensberg'''. Aka gace karangwa n'ubushyuhe bwinshi n'imvura nke ugereranyije na Highveld, kandi ubuhinzi ntibuhakorwa cyane. Muri aka karere ni ho haherereye '''Pariki y'Igihugu ya Kruger (Kruger National Park)''', imwe mu z'ingenzi muri Afurika, ifite ubuso bungana na '''kilometero kare 19,633'''. Mu majyepfo n'amajyepfo y'iburengerazuba, munsi ya Great Escarpment, hari imisozi ya '''Cape Fold Mountains''', irambuye ibangikanye n'inkombe z'inyanja. Hagati y'imisozi ya '''Outeniqua''' na '''Langeberg''' mu majyepfo n'umusozi wa '''Swartberg''' mu majyaruguru hari akarere kitwa '''Little Karoo''', kagizwe n'ibihuru byo mu butayu busa n'ubwa Great Karoo, nubwo igice cyegereye Swartberg kibona imvura nyinshi bityo kikaba gikorwamo ubuhinzi kurushaho. Little Karoo izwi cyane kubera ubworozi bw''''imbuni (ostriches)''', cyane cyane hafi y'umujyi wa '''Oudtshoorn'''. Agace k'inkombe kari hagati y'imisozi ya Outeniqua na Langeberg n'Inyanja yitiriwe Atalantika kazwi nka '''Garden Route'''. Aka karere kagwa imvura ihagije umwaka wose kandi karimo amashyamba manini kurusha ahandi muri Afurika y'Epfo. Mu majyepfo y'iburengerazuba bw'igihugu hari '''Cape Peninsula''', igice kigize amaherezo y'amajyepfo y'inkombe z'igihugu. Iki gice gifite '''ikirere cya Mediterane''', kikaba ari cyo gice rukumbi cyo munsi y'Ubutayu bwa Sahara cyakira imvura nyinshi mu gihe cy'itumba. Mu burengerazuba bw'inkombe, uhereye mu majyaruguru ya Cape Peninsula, hari akarere ka '''Swartland''' na '''Malmesbury Plain''', kazwi cyane mu buhinzi bw'ingano bushingiye ku mvura y'itumba. Mu majyaruguru yaho hari '''Namaqualand''', igenda irushaho gukama yegereye '''Uruzi rwa Orange'''. Nubwo aka karere kagwa imvura nke, iyo imvura yaguye mu gihe cy'itumba, mu mpeshyi (Kanama–Nzeri) huzura indabo z'amoko menshi zigakwira mu bibaya, bikaba kimwe mu bintu bikurura ba mukerarugendo benshi ku isi. Afurika y'Epfo ifite kandi ibirwa byo mu Nyanja y'Amajyepfo bizwi nka '''Prince Edward Islands''', bigizwe na '''Marion Island''' ifite ubuso bwa '''kilometero kare 290''' na '''Prince Edward Island''' ifite ubuso bwa '''kilometero kare 45'''. == Ikirere == Afurika y'Epfo ifite ikirere giciriritse muri rusange, bitewe n'uko ikikijwe n'Inyanja ya Atalantika n'Inyanja y'u Buhinde ku mpande eshatu, ikaba iri mu gice cy'amajyepfo y'Isi gifite ikirere kidakabije, ndetse n'uko ubutumburuke bw'igihugu bugenda bwiyongera werekeza mu majyaruguru no hagati mu gihugu. Imiterere y'ubutaka n'ingaruka z'inyanja bituma igihugu kigira ubwoko butandukanye bw'ikirere. Mu majyaruguru y'iburengerazuba hari ubutayu bwa '''Namib''' bufite ubushyuhe n'ubukame bukabije, mu gihe mu burasirazuba, ku mupaka wa '''[[Mozambike]]''' n'Inyanja y'u Buhinde, hari ikirere cy'ubushyuhe n'imvura nyinshi (subtropical). Igihe cy'itumba muri Afurika y'Epfo kiba hagati ya '''Kamena na Kanama'''. Mu majyepfo y'iburengerazuba, ikirere gisa n'icya '''Mediterane''', kirangwa n'imvura mu itumba n'impeshyi ishyushye kandi yumye. Aka karere kazwi cyane kubera urusobe rw'ibimera rwa '''fynbos''', kandi ni na ko gakorerwamo divayi nyinshi z'Afurika y'Epfo. Karangwa kandi n'umuyaga uhuha hafi umwaka wose, ibintu byatumye kera amato menshi akora impanuka igihe yanyuraga ku '''Cape of Good Hope'''. Mu burasirazuba bw'inkombe z'amajyepfo, imvura igwa neza mu mezi yose y'umwaka, bigatuma hahora hari ibimera byinshi n'ubutaka butoshye. Intara ya '''Free State''' irangwa n'ubutaka buringaniye kuko iherereye ku kibaya kinini cyo hagati mu gihugu. Mu majyaruguru y'uruzi rwa '''Vaal''', akarere ka '''Highveld''' kagira imvura ihagije kandi ubushyuhe ntibukabije nk'ubwo mu bice byo ku nkombe. Umujyi wa '''Johannesburg''', uherereye hagati ya Highveld ku butumburuke bwa metero '''1,740''' hejuru y'inyanja, ugwa imvura igera kuri '''milimetero 760''' ku mwaka. Igihe cy'itumba muri aka karere kirakonja, nubwo urubura rugwa gake. Ahantu hakonja kurusha ahandi ku mugabane wa Afurika y'Epfo ni '''Buffelsfontein''' mu ntara ya '''Eastern Cape''', aho mu mwaka wa '''2013''' handitswe ubushyuhe bwa '''−20.1 °C'''. Nubwo ibirwa bya '''Prince Edward Islands''' bikonja kurushaho muri rusange, Buffelsfontein ni ho hamaze gupimwa ubushyuhe bwo hasi cyane ku mugabane w'igihugu. Ku rundi ruhande, ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwemewe n'amategeko bwapimwe muri '''Vioolsdrif''' muri '''Mutarama 1993''', bugera kuri '''48.8 °C''', nubwo hari inyandiko zivuga ko mu '''1948''' higeze gupimwa '''51.7 °C''' hafi ya '''Upington''', ariko ibyo ntibyemewe ku mugaragaro kuko ibikoresho byakoreshejwe bitari bisanzwe. Imihindagurikire y'ikirere ikomeje kugira ingaruka zikomeye muri Afurika y'Epfo, zirimo izamuka ry'ubushyuhe n'ihindagurika ry'imvura. Ibiza biterwa n'ikirere, nk'amapfa n'inkongi z'umuriro, biragenda byiyongera kandi bikarushaho gukaza ubukana. Ibi bishyira mu kaga umutungo kamere, amazi, umusaruro w'ubuhinzi, ubuzima bw'abaturage n'urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima. Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe n''''South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI)''' bugaragaza ko bitarenze '''2050''', ubushyuhe bushobora kwiyongera hafi ya '''1 °C''' ku nkombe z'inyanja, naho mu bice by'imbere mu gihugu nk''''Northern Cape''' bukiyongera kurenga '''4 °C'''. Akarere ka '''Cape Floral Region''', kazwi cyane kubera ibimera byihariye, gashobora kuzibasirwa cyane n'iyi mihindagurikire, bikaba byanashyira amoko menshi y'ibimera n'inyamaswa mu kaga ko kuzimira. Afurika y'Epfo yasohoye raporo z'igihugu ku mihindagurikire y'ikirere mu '''2011''' no mu '''2016'''. Ni kimwe mu bihugu bisohora imyuka myinshi ya '''carbone dioxyde (CO₂)''' ku isi, cyane cyane kubera gukoresha amakara na peteroli nk'isoko rikuru ry'ingufu. Mu rwego rwo kubahiriza amasezerano mpuzamahanga yo kurengera ibidukikije, igihugu cyiyemeje ko imyuka ihumanya ikirere kizayigeza ku rwego rwo hejuru hagati ya '''2020 na 2025''', hanyuma igatangira kugabanuka. == 1.Ubutegetsi n'Umukuru w'Igihugu == Afurika y’Epfo igendera ku mfashanyigisho y''''inteko ishinga amategeko (parliamentary republic)''', ariko ifite umwihariko: * '''Perezida:''' Ni umukuru w’igihugu akaba n'umukuru w’guverinoma. Agomba kuba afite icyizere cy’Inteko Ishinga Amategeko kugira ngo agume ku gutegeka. * '''Gutora Perezida:''' Nyuma y'amatora y'inteko, Abadepite (National Assembly) batora umwe mu bagize inteko akaba Perezida. * '''Manda:''' Perezida amara imyaka 5 ku ntebe, kandi ashobora kuyobora '''manda ebyiri gusa'''. * '''Cabinet:''' Perezida ashyiraho Icyegera cye (Deputy President) na ba Minisitiri. Inteko iramutse imukupye icyizere (''motion of no confidence''), Perezida na guverinoma ye bashobora gukurvaho. * '''Uburenganzira bw'Itegeko Nshinga:''' Inzego zose (Itafata ibyemezo, Ishinga amategeko, n'Ubutabera) zitwarwa n'Itegeko Nshinga. Inkiko nkuru zifite ububasha bwo kuburizamo ibyemezo cyangwa amategeko anyuranyije naryo. == 2. Inzu z'Inteko Ishinga Amategeko n'Amatora yo mu 2024 == Inteko ifite inzu ebyiri: # '''National Assembly (Inzu yo Pasi):''' Igizwe n'abadepite 400 batorwa ku mfashanyigisho y'ijanisha ry'amajwi amashyaka yaboneye (''party-list proportional representation'') buri myaka 5. # '''National Council of Provinces (Inzu yo Mu hisi):''' Igizwe n'abajyanama 90 (buri ntara mu ziri 9 itora abantu 10). === Amatora yo ku wa 29 Gicurasi 2024 === Aya matora yabaye amateka kuko ishyaka rya '''ANC yatakaje ubwiganze mu nteko''' ku buryo bw'umwihariko kuva Apartheid yagera ku musozo: * '''ANC:''' Yabonye 40% (imyanya 159). * '''DA (Democratic Alliance):''' Yabonye 22% (imyanya 87) - Ishyaka rikuru rirwanya ubutegetsi. * '''uMkhonto weSizwe (MK):''' Yabonye 14.6% (imyanya 58) - Ryashinzwe na Jacob Zuma. * '''EFF (Economic Freedom Fighters):''' Yabonye 9.5% (imyanya 39) - Ryashinzwe na Julius Malema. <blockquote>Nyuma y'amatora, ANC yafatanyije na DA n'ayandi mashyaka mato gukora '''Guverinoma y'Ubumwe bw'Igihugu (Government of National Unity)'''.</blockquote> == 3. Imijyi n'Imirwa Mukuru (3 Cities) == Afurika y’Epfo ntabwo ifite umurwa mukuru umwe utenganwa mu buryo bw'itegeko. Ubutegetsi bugabanyije mu mijyi itatu: * '''Cape Town (Umurwa mukuru w'amategeko):''' Ibyicaro by'Inteko Ishinga Amategeko. * '''Pretoria (Umurwa mukuru w'ubutegetsi):''' Ibyicaro vya Perezida, Cabinet, n'ambasade z'amahanga. * '''Bloemfontein (Umurwa mukuru w'ubutabera):''' Ibyicaro by'Urukiko Rusange rwayo (''Supreme Court of Appeal''). ''(Nyamara, Urukiko Rurembereye rw'Itegeko Nshinga ruherereye i Johannesburg kuva mu 1994).'' == 4. Urwego rw'Amategeko n'Inkiko == Amategeko ya Afurika y'Epfo ashingiye ku mbata y'imvange y'amateka babayemo: # '''Roman-Dutch law:''' Amategeko yazanywe n'Abaholandi mu bihe bya Koni. # '''English Common law:''' Amategeko y'Abongereza yazanywe mu kinyejana cya 19. === Urutonde rwez'Inkiko (Hierarchy): === * Constitutional Cour'''t:''' Urukiko rurembereye (i Johannesburg). * Supreme Court of Appeal: Urukiko rugenewe ibindi bibazo bitari ibyo mu Itegeko Nshinga (i Bloemfontein). * High Court''':''' Inkiko zisumbuye mu turere dutandukanye. * Magistrates' Courts: Inkiko z'ibanze ziburanisha ibyaha bito n'imbatshwa z'ubucuruzi ziciriritse. == 5. Imyigaragambyo, Ubutegetsi n'Uburenganzira bw'Irembo == * '''Imyigaragambyo:''' Kuva mu 2004, iki gihugu cyagize imyigaragambyo myinshi mu baturage (harimo n'iy'urugomo), ku buryo gushaka kuvugwa ko ari cyo gihugu gihura n'imyigaragambyo myinshi mu isi. * '''Icyerekezo cy'Ibrahim Index (2022):''' Afurika y’Epfo yaje ku '''mwanya wa 6 mu bihugu 48''' bya Afurika yo munsi ya Sahara. Yagize amanota meza mu Gutegekesha Itegeko, Mu Bweranda, n'Uburenganzira bwa Muntu, ariko igira amanota make mu Mutekano. * '''Uburenganzira bw'Abahuje Igitsina:''' Mu 2006, yabaye imwe mu nshingano za mbere mu isi yemereye gushyingiranwa ku bahuje igitsina (''same-sex marriage''). == Ubukungu muri Afurika y'Epfo == Afurika y'Epfo ifite '''ubukungu buvanze (mixed economy)''' burangwa n'urwego rw'imari rwateye imbere, inganda zitandukanye, ndetse n'umutungo kamere mwinshi. Ni cyo gihugu gifite ubukungu bunini muri Afurika, kandi kizwi nk'igihugu cyateye imbere cyane mu rwego rw'inganda, ikoranabuhanga n'ubukungu butandukanye ku mugabane wa Afurika. Mu mwaka wa '''2026''', umusaruro mbumbe w'igihugu (GDP) warengeje '''miliyari 450 z'amadolari ya Amerika''', kandi gifite umwe mu musaruro mbumbe ku muturage (GDP per capita) uri hejuru cyane muri Afurika yo munsi y'Ubutayu bwa Sahara. Ifaranga ry'Afurika y'Epfo, '''Rand (ZAR)''', ni ryo rikoreshwa cyane mu bucuruzi bw'ivunjisha muri Afurika. Isoko ry'imari ry'i Johannesburg ('''Johannesburg Stock Exchange – JSE''') ni ryo rinini ku mugabane wa Afurika, kandi mu mwaka wa 2026 ryari ku mwanya wa 16 ku isi mu gaciro k'amasosiyete aribarizwaho, gafite agaciro kagera kuri '''tiriyoni 1.53 z'amadolari ya Amerika'''. Afurika y'Epfo ni na yo gihugu rukumbi cyo muri Afurika kiri mu muryango wa '''G20''', kandi ni umunyamuryango wa '''BRICS''', ibintu bigaragaza uruhare rukomeye gifite mu bukungu bw'isi. Afurika y'Epfo ni kimwe mu bihugu bikomeye mu bucuruzi mpuzamahanga, aho ibyoherezwa mu mahanga bifite uruhare runini mu bukungu bwacyo. Ibicuruzwa byoherezwa hanze cyane birimo '''amabuye y'agaciro, ibinyabiziga, imashini, umusaruro w'ubuhinzi ndetse n'ibicuruzwa by'inganda'''. Abafatanyabikorwa bayo bakomeye mu bucuruzi barimo '''Ubushinwa, Umuryango w'Ubumwe bw'u Burayi (EU), Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, Ubudage, Ubuyapani, u Buhinde n'Ubwami bw'Abongereza'''. Iki gihugu kandi cyungukira ku masezerano y'ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga arimo '''Isoko Rusange ry'Ubucuruzi muri Afurika (AfCFTA)''' n'itegeko rya '''African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA)''', bikomeza kugiha umwanya ukomeye nk'igicumbi cy'ubucuruzi n'ishoramari muri Afurika. Nubwo nyuma y'iherezo rya politiki y'ivanguramoko ('''Apartheid''') mu 1994 hashyizweho amavugurura menshi mu bukungu, Afurika y'Epfo iracyahanganye n'ibibazo bikomeye by'imibereho n'ubukungu. Muri byo harimo '''ubushomeri buri ku rwego rwo hejuru, ubukene bukabije, ndetse n'ubusumbane bukabije mu kwinjiza amafaranga''', aho igihugu kiri mu bifite ikinyuranyo kinini hagati y'abakire n'abakene ku isi. Abaturage barenga kimwe cya kabiri babaho munsi y'umurongo w'ubukene, kandi igipimo cya '''Gini coefficient''', gipima ubusumbane mu kwinjiza amafaranga, kiri mu biri hejuru cyane ku rwego mpuzamahanga. Guverinoma yakomeje gushyiraho ingamba zigamije '''guhagarariza ubukungu, gukurura ishoramari, no kugabanya ubusumbane''', zirimo gutanga inkunga z'imibereho ('''social grants''') no gushyiraho umushahara fatizo ku rwego rw'igihugu ('''national minimum wage'''). Nubwo izo ngamba zatanze umusaruro mu bice bimwe, iterambere rikomeje kugenda buhoro kandi ntiryagera ku baturage bose ku buryo bungana. ====== Inganda n'Urwego rwa Serivisi muri Afurika y'Epfo ====== Urwego rwa '''serivisi''' ni rwo rugira uruhare runini mu bukungu bwa Afurika y'Epfo, rutanga hafi 70% by'Umusaruro Mbumbe w'Igihugu (GDP''')''' kandi rukaba rwanatanga akazi ku mubare munini w'abaturage. Umujyi wa Johannesburg ni wo kigo gikomeye cy'imari muri Afurika, ukaba ubarizwamo amabanki manini ku mugabane, ibigo mpuzamahanga byinshi, ndetse n'Isoko ry'Imigabane rya Johannesburg (Johannesburg Stock Exchange), rifite agaciro k'isoko kageraga kuri tiriyoni 1.36 z'amadolari ya Amerika mu mwaka wa 2023. Iryo soko ryihariye hafi 90% by'agaciro k'amasoko y'imigabane yose muri Afurika. Urwego rw'imari rwa Afurika y'Epfo ni rwo rwateye imbere cyane muri Afurika. Amabanki akomeye nka Standard Bank, First National Bank (FNB), Absa, na Nedbank akorera muri Afurika no mu bindi bihugu byo ku isi. Politiki y'ifaranga n'umutekano w'urwego rw'imari bicungwa na Banki Nkuru ya Afurika y'Epfo (South African Reserve Bank''')''', ari na yo banki nkuru ya mbere yashinzwe muri Afurika. Ubucuruzi nabwo bufite uruhare runini mu bukungu bw'igihugu. Afurika y'Epfo ifite isoko rinini ry'ubucuruzi muri Afurika kandi iza ku mwanya wa gatandatu ku isi mu kugira umubare munini w'amaduka manini acururizwamo (shopping centres). Ni na ho havuye urunigi rwa resitora Nando's, rumaze gukwira mu bihugu birenga 20 ku isi. Inganda zikora ibintu (manufacturing) zikomeza kuba inkingi ikomeye y'ubukungu, zitanga hafi '''13% bya GDP''' kandi zigaha akazi abantu barenga '''miliyoni 1.7'''. Afurika y'Epfo ifite urwego rw'inganda ruteye imbere kandi rutandukanye kurusha urw'ibindi bihugu bya Afurika. Inganda zikora imodoka ni zo ziza ku isonga, aho ibigo nka '''Toyota, Volkswagen, BMW, Ford, Mercedes-Benz,''' na '''Nissan''' bifite inganda nini ziteranyirizwamo imodoka. Igihugu gikora imodoka zirenga '''600,000 buri mwaka''', kikaba ari cyo cya mbere muri Afurika mu gukora imodoka, kandi nyinshi zoherezwa ku masoko yo mu Burayi, Aziya no mu bindi bihugu bya Afurika. Izindi nganda zikomeye zirimo izitunganya imiti n'ibinyabutabire, ibyuma, ibikoresho by'ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro, imashini, gutunganya ibiribwa n'ibinyobwa, imyenda, ndetse n'ibikoresho bya gisirikare. Ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro bukomeje kuba imwe mu nkingi z'ubukungu bw'igihugu. Bugira uruhare rwa 7–8% bya GDP, kandi bwinjiza amafaranga arenga kimwe cya kabiri cy'ibyoherezwa mu mahanga. Afurika y'Epfo ni kimwe mu bihugu bikomeye ku isi mu bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro. Ni cyo gihugu cya mbere ku isi mu gutunganya platine, chrome, manganese, na '''vanadium''', kandi kiri mu bihugu bikomeye mu gucukura '''amakara,''' ubutare bw'icyuma (iron ore)''',''' diyama, uranium, titanium, na '''zahabu'''. Afurika y'Epfo ifite umutungo munini cyane w'amabuye y'agaciro ufite agaciro karenga tiriyoni 2.5 z'amadolari ya Amerika, kandi iri mu bihugu icumi bya mbere ku isi bifite amabuye y'agaciro menshi atandukanye. Ifite kandi hafi 88% by'ububiko bwa platine ku isi, 80% bya manganese, na 72% bya chromite. Nubwo '''ubuhinzi''' butanga gusa hagati ya '''2–3% bya GDP''', bufite uruhare rukomeye mu gutanga akazi, kubungabunga umutekano w'ibiribwa, guteza imbere icyaro no kongera ibyoherezwa mu mahanga. Afurika y'Epfo ni kimwe mu bihugu bya mbere ku isi mu guhinga no kohereza mu mahanga '''imbuto za citrus (nk'amacunga n'indimu), inzabibu, divayi, ibigori, ubwoya bw'intama, mohair,''' n'ibikomoka ku '''nguni'''. Ni cyo gihugu cya mbere ku isi mu gukora '''mohair''' n'inyama z'inguni, kandi kiri mu bihugu bya mbere mu gutunganya amapera, amacunga n'isukari. Hafi '''kimwe cya kabiri cy'umusaruro w'ubuhinzi''' woherezwa mu mahanga, bigatuma Afurika y'Epfo iba kimwe mu bihugu bikomeye mu kohereza ibikomoka ku buhinzi mu gice cy'Isi cy'Amajyepfo. ====== Ubukerarugendo ====== Ubukerarugendo ni imwe mu nkingi z'ingenzi z'ubukungu bwa Afurika y'Epfo. Bugira uruhare rwa hafi '''3.3% by'Umusaruro Mbumbe w'Igihugu (GDP)''' kandi butanga akazi ku bantu bagera kuri '''miliyoni 1.8''', bingana n'ibice birenga '''10% by'abakozi bose''' mu gihugu. Mu mwaka wa '''2024''', Afurika y'Epfo yakiriye abakerarugendo mpuzamahanga bagera kuri '''miliyoni 8.9''' binjiye banyuze ku mipaka n'ibyambu bitandukanye. Mu '''2025''', ikinyamakuru ''The Daily Telegraph'' cyayishyize mu bihugu bikunzwe cyane ku isi mu bukerarugendo ndetse kiba igihugu cya mbere muri Afurika no mu karere k'Inyanja y'u Buhinde mu gukundwa n'abagenzi. Afurika y'Epfo izwi cyane kubera imiterere y'ubutaka butandukanye, inyamaswa nyinshi zo mu gasozi, n'umurage ukungahaye w'umuco n'amateka. Iki gihugu gifite bimwe mu byiza nyaburanga bizwi cyane muri Afurika, birimo Pariki y'Igihugu ya Kruger, imwe mu pariki nini kandi zisurwa cyane ku mugabane; Umusozi wa Table Mountain, umwe mu Bitangaza Birindwi by'Isi by'Ibinyabuzima (New7Wonders of Nature); umuhanda nyaburanga wa Garden Route; imisozi ya Drakensberg; ikibaya cya Blyde River Canyon; ndetse n'inyanja nziza zo mu Ntara za Western Cape na KwaZulu-Natal. Gusura inyamaswa zo mu gasozi (Safari) ni kimwe mu bikurura ba mukerarugendo benshi, bikaba bishyigikiwe n'urusobe rwa pariki z'igihugu, za pariki z'abikorera ndetse n'ahantu harinzwe h'ibinyabuzima byo mu nyanja. Imijyi minini na yo yakira miliyoni z'abashyitsi buri mwaka. Cape Town, ikunze gushyirwa ku rutonde rw'imijyi myiza cyane ku isi, ni yo soko rikuru ry'ubukerarugendo muri Afurika y'Epfo. Irazwi cyane kubera V&A Waterfront, Table Mountain, Cape Point, n'uturere twegereye dukorerwamo divayi twa Cape Winelands. Johannesburg, umurwa mukuru w'ubucuruzi n'imari, ifite ahantu hakurura ba mukerarugendo harimo Ingoro Ndangamurage ya Apartheid (Apartheid Museum), Constitution Hill, na Gold Reef City. Umujyi wa Durban uzwi cyane kubera ikirere gishyushye, inyanja nziza n'umuhanda wa Golden Mile ukora ku nkengero z'inyanja. Ubukerarugendo bushingiye kuri divayi (Wine Tourism) nabwo bwateye imbere cyane, aho imizabibu n'inganda za divayi zo mu turere twa Stellenbosch, Franschhoek, na Paarl biri mu hantu hasurwa cyane mu gice cy'Amajyepfo y'Isi. Afurika y'Epfo ifite Ahantu 12 ndangamurage z'Isi za UNESCO (UNESCO World Heritage Sites), zigaragaza akamaro k'iki gihugu mu kubungabunga ibidukikije, amateka n'umuco. Muri zo harimo Robben Island, Cradle of Humankind, iSimangaliso Wetland Park, Cape Floral Region Protected Areas, Mapungubwe National Park, Maloti-Drakensberg Park, na Richtersveld Cultural and Botanical Landscape. Izi ndangamurage zikomeza gukurura ba mukerarugendo baturutse impande zose z'isi kandi zigira uruhare rukomeye mu iterambere ry'ubukungu bw'igihugu.[[Dosiye:Ciudad_del_Cabo_desde_Cabeza_de_León,_Sudáfrica,_2018-07-22,_DD_34.jpg|thumb|Ciudad del Cabo desde Cabeza de León, Sudáfrica, 2018-07-22, DD 34]] ====== Ubumenyi n'Ikoranabuhanga ====== Afurika y'Epfo ni kimwe mu bihugu bya Afurika byatanze umusanzu ukomeye mu iterambere ry'ubumenyi n'ikoranabuhanga. Mu '''2025''', cyashyizwe ku mwanya wa '''61 ku Isi''' mu rutonde rw'Ibihugu Bigaragaza Udushya n'Ubushakashatsi (''Global Innovation Index''). Mu Ukuboza 1967, umuganga ubaga umutima Christiaan Barnard yakoze ku nshuro ya mbere ku isi igikorwa cyo gusimbuza umutima w'umuntu n'uw'undi muntu (human-to-human heart transplant) mu Bitaro bya Groote Schuur. Iki gikorwa cyabaye intambwe ikomeye mu buvuzi bw'isi. Abandi banyasiyansi bakomoka muri Afurika y'Epfo bagize uruhare rukomeye mu iterambere ry'ubumenyi harimo: * Max Theiler, wakoze urukingo rw'indwara ya Yellow Fever (umuriro w'umuhondo). * Allan MacLeod Cormack, wagize uruhare rukomeye mu guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga rya CT Scan (Computed Tomography) rikoreshwa mu gusuzuma indwara imbere mu mubiri. * Aaron Klug, yateje imbere uburyo bwo gukoresha electron microscopy mu bushakashatsi ku miterere y'utunyangingo. Kubera ibyo bikorwa by'indashyikirwa, Allan MacLeod Cormack na Aaron Klug bahawe Igihembo cyitiriwe Nobel. Mu mwaka wa 2002, Sydney Brenner na we yahawe Igihembo cya Nobel kubera ubushakashatsi bwe bw'ingenzi mu molekulari biyoloji (Molecular Biology). Mu rwego rw'ikoranabuhanga, Mark Shuttleworth yashinze Thawte, kimwe mu bigo bya mbere byatanze serivisi z'umutekano wa interineti (Internet Security). Nyuma yaje no kuba umwe mu Banyafurika ba mbere bakoze urugendo rwo mu isanzure (space). Afurika y'Epfo ifite kandi urwego rw'ubushakashatsi mu by'inyenyeri n'isanzure (Astronomy) ruteye imbere. Ni ho hari Southern African Large Telescope (SALT), ari yo telesikopi nini cyane ikoresha urumuri (optical telescope) mu gice cy'Amajyepfo y'Isi. Iki gihugu kandi kirimo kubaka Karoo Array Telescope, igice cy'umushinga mpuzamahanga wa Square Kilometre Array (SKA''')''', uzaba umwe mu mishinga minini cyane ku isi mu bushakashatsi bw'isanzure. Mu rwego rw'ikoranabuhanga rya gisirikare, Afurika y'Epfo yatanze umusanzu ukomeye mu gukora imodoka za gisirikare zirinda abasirikare ibisasu bishyingurwa mu butaka (landmines) n'ibindi bisasu byaturikirizwa kure (MRAP – Mine-Resistant Ambush Protected vehicles). Izi modoka zaje kuba urugero rwakurikijwe n'ibihugu byinshi byo ku isi. Iki gihugu kandi cyateje imbere ikoranabuhanga ryerekana amakuru y'indege n'intwaro ku kirahure cy'ingofero y'umupilote ('''Helmet-Mounted Display Technology'''), rifasha umupilote kubona amakuru y'ingenzi atarebye ku bipimo byo mu ndege. Byongeye kandi, kajugujugu y'intambara Denel Rooivalk, yakozwe muri Afurika y'Epfo, yabaye kajugujugu ya mbere y'intambara ku isi yakoze neza ikizunguruka cya dogere 360° (360-degree loop), bikagaragaza urwego rwo hejuru rw'ubushobozi bw'igihugu mu ikoranabuhanga rya gisirikare. ===== Ubwikorezi ===== Afurika y'Epfo ni cyo gihugu gifite '''ibikorwaremezo by'ubwikorezi binini kandi biteye imbere kurusha ibindi muri Afurika'''. Ifite urusobe ruhujwe rw'imihanda, gari ya moshi, ibibuga by'indege, ibyambu n'imiyoboro itwara ibikomoka kuri peteroli na gaz. Igihugu gifite ibilometero bisaga 750,000 by'imihanda, bikaba ari urusobe rw'imihanda runini muri Afurika ndetse rukaba ruri ku mwanya wa 12 ku isi. Ikigo cya Leta cyitwa South African National Roads Agency (SANRAL) ni cyo gishinzwe kubungabunga no guteza imbere imihanda y'igihugu. Mu mihanda y'ingenzi harimo N1, N2, N3 na N4, ihuza imijyi minini y'igihugu kandi ikaba iri mu mihanda mpuzamahanga nka Cape to Cairo Highway, ihuza Amajyepfo n'Amajyaruguru ya Afurika. Urusobe rwa gari ya moshi rureshya n'ibilometero 36,000, rukaba ari rwo runini muri Afurika ndetse rukaza ku mwanya wa karindwi ku isi. Gutwara imizigo bikorwa cyane n'ikigo Transnet Freight Rail, naho gutwara abagenzi bikorwa n'ikigo Passenger Rail Agency of South Africa (PRASA). Hari kandi Gautrain, gari ya moshi yihuta ihuza Johannesburg na Pretoria, ikaba ari yo serivisi ya gari ya moshi yihuta yonyine muri Afurika y'Epfo. Afurika y'Epfo ifite ibibuga by'indege birenga 1,500, bikaba biri mu mubare munini cyane ku isi kandi ari byo byinshi kurusha ibindi bihugu bya Afurika. Ikibuga cy'Indege Mpuzamahanga cya O.R. Tambo giherereye i Johannesburg ni cyo kinini kandi gikoreshwa cyane muri Afurika, kikaba ari na cyo cyinjirirwamo n'abagenzi benshi baturuka cyangwa bajya mu mahanga. Ibindi bibuga bikomeye ni Cape Town International Airport, King Shaka International Airport, na Chief Dawid Stuurman International Airport. Urwego rw'indege rwa Afurika y'Epfo ni rwo rwateye imbere cyane ku mugabane wa Afurika. Rukorerwamo n'amasosiyete y'indege arimo South African Airways, Airlink, FlySafair, CemAir, na LIFT, atanga serivisi z'imbere mu gihugu ndetse n'izihuza Afurika y'Epfo n'ibindi bihugu. Mu rwego rw'ubwikorezi bwo mu mazi, Afurika y'Epfo ifite ibyambu bikomeye birimo Durban, Cape Town, Gqeberha, Richards Bay, Saldanha Bay, na East London. Icyambu cya Durban ni cyo cyambu gikomeye kurusha ibindi byo munsi y'Ubutayu bwa Sahara mu kwakira no kohereza kontineri, kandi kiri ku mwanya wa kane mu gice cy'Amajyepfo y'Isi. Icyambu cya Richards Bay na cyo kiri mu byambu binini ku isi byoherezamo ibicuruzwa byinshi, cyane cyane amabuye y'agaciro n'ibindi bicuruzwa byinshi. Ibikorwa by'ibyambu byose bicungwa n'ikigo '''Transnet National Ports Authority''', gifite uruhare rukomeye mu koroshya ubwikorezi bw'ibicuruzwa imbere mu gihugu no guteza imbere ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga.{{Afurika}} [[Category:Afurika y’Epfo]] [[Category:Afurika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] anm23ep7reca4af8si0gqd4iy4fmhia 0 3817 133905 102560 2026-07-21T11:35:30Z CommonsDelinker 88 Replacing Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg with [[File:Flag_of_Cape_Verde_(10-17).svg]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[:c:COM:FR#FR3|Criterion 3]] (obvious error) · Government standardized ratio is 2:3. For fu 133905 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Cape Verde (10-17).svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ibendera rya Kapu Veri</span>]] [[File:Cape Verde (orthographic projection).svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita ya Kapu Veri</span>]] '''Kapu Veri''' (izina mu [[giporutigali]] : ''Cabo Verde'' , izina mu [[gikerewole]] : ''Kabu Verdi'' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. [[File:Sal_Cape_Verde_C_phelypaea_-_C_alexandrinus.jpg|thumb|Sal Cape Verde C phelypaea - C alexandrinus]] [[File:Coconut_trees_in_Boa_Vista,_Cape_Verde,_December_2010.jpg|thumb|Coconut trees in Boa Vista, Cape Verde, December 2010]] {{Afurika}} [[Category:Afurika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] 4ki5jks9x0iyf0z8zkwox0cki17szex 0 6206 133899 76446 2026-07-21T03:57:50Z B.Scalling 15089 KONGERAMO AMAKURU 133899 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Agnes van Ardenne.jpg|thumb|Agnes van Ardenne]]{{Databox|excludeProperties=Q225902}} '''Anna Maria Agnes "Agnes" van Ardenne-Van der Hoeven''' (wavutse ku wa '''21 Mutarama 1950''') ni umunyapolitiki n'umudipolomate w'Umuholandi wagiye mu kiruhuko cy'izabukuru. Yabaye umwe mu banyamuryango b'ishyaka Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA), aho yagiye anagira imyanya itandukanye muri guverinoma y'u [[Buholandi]] ndetse no mu rwego rwa dipolomasi. == Umwuga == Agnes van Ardenne yavukiye i '''Maasland''' mu Buholandi ku wa '''21 Mutarama 1950'''. Mbere yo kwinjira muri Guverinoma y'u Buholandi, yabaye Visi Perezida w'umuryango '''CORDAID''', ukora ibikorwa by'ubutabazi n'iterambere, ndetse aba n'Umunyamabanga Mukuru wa Komite y'igihugu ya '''UNICEF''' mu Buholandi.Hagati ya '''1994 na 2002''', yari umwe mu bagize Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y'u Buholandi. Muri icyo gihe kandi yari mu ntumwa z'Inteko zoherezwaga mu Nteko Ishinga Amategeko y'Inama y'u Burayi (PACE). ====== Minisitiri ushinzwe ubufatanye mu iterambere ====== Kuva mu '''2002 kugeza mu 2007''', Agnes van Ardenne yabaye Minisitiri ushinzwe Ubutwererane Mpuzamahanga n'Iterambere muri guverinoma ya Minisitiri w'Intebe Jan Peter Balkenende. Mu mwaka wa '''2004''', ubwo u Buholandi bwari buyoboye Inama y'Umuryango w'Ubumwe bw'u Burayi, yayoboye inama z'abaminisitiri bashinzwe ubufatanye mu iterambere.Mu gihe yari kuri uwo mwanya, yibanze ku gufasha ibihugu bifite intege nke n'ibyugarijwe n'intambara, harimo na '''[[Sudani]]'''. Yanashyize imbere ko nibura '''50%''' by'ingengo y'imari y'u Buholandi yagenerwaga ubufatanye bw'ibihugu byombi ishyirwa mu mishinga yo muri '''Afurika'''. Mu '''2006''', yahagaritse inkunga y'amadolari ya Amerika agera kuri '''miliyoni 150''' yagombaga guhabwa guverinoma ya Perezida '''Mwai Kibaki''' wa '''[[Kenya]]''', bitewe n'impungenge zerekeye ruswa.Nyuma y'umutingito wabaye muri '''Kashmir''' mu mwaka wa '''2005''', yabaye umwe mu bayobozi ba mbere baturutse mu mahanga basuye '''Pakisitani''' kugira ngo barebe uko ibikorwa by'ubutabazi byakorwaga. === Gushyigikira uburezi n'ubuzima === Mu '''2006''', yongereye inkunga u Buholandi bwatangaga mu burezi bwo mu mashuri yisumbuye na kaminuza, ayigeza kuri miliyoni 110 z'amayero ku mwaka. Yanongereye kandi umusanzu watangwaga muri gahunda ya Education for All Fast Track Initiative (FTI) awugeza kuri '''miliyoni 150 z'amayero'''.Muri uwo mwaka kandi, yasezeranyije '''GAVI''' inkunga igera kuri '''miliyoni 100 z'amayero''' mu myaka ine yo gushyigikira gahunda zo gukingira abana no guteza imbere ubuvuzi. Yanatanze indi nkunga ya miliyoni 201 z'amadolari ya Amerika kuri [[UNICEF|UNICEF,]] igamije gufasha abana bibasiwe n'intambara, ibiza cyangwa ibindi bibazo gukomeza amashuri. === Nyuma yo kuva muri guverinoma === Nyuma yo kuva muri guverinoma mu '''2007''', yabaye Uhagarariye u Buholandi muri '''FAO''', '''WFP''' na '''IFAD''' i Roma kugeza mu '''2011'''.Hagati ya '''2011 na 2014''', yabaye Perezida w'Inama y'Ubuhinzi bw'Indabo n'Ibihingwa by'Ubusitani mu Buholandi. Kuva mu '''2017''', ni Perezida w'Ikigo cy'u Buholandi gishinzwe igenzura ry'ubuhinzi bw'indabo n'ibihingwa by'ubusitani. == Ibindi bikorwa == === Mu miryango mpuzamahanga === Hagati ya '''2003 na 2007''', Agnes van Ardenne yabaye umwe mu bagize '''Inama y'Abaguverineri''' mu mwanya w'uhagarariye u Buholandi mu '''Banki Nyafurika Itsura Amajyambere (AfDB)''', '''Banki Nyafurika Itsura Amajyambere ya Aziya (ADB)''' ndetse no muri '''Banki y'Isi (World Bank)'''. ====== Mu miryango idaharanira inyungu ====== Kuva mu '''2013''', ni Perezida w'Inama y'Ubutegetsi y'<nowiki/>'''African Studies Centre (ASC)''' yo muri '''Kaminuza ya Leiden''', ikigo gikora ubushakashatsi ku Afurika.Kuva mu '''2012''', yabaye umwe mu bagize Inama Ngishwanama y'Ubuzima bw'Ibidukikije n'Ibikorwaremezo (RLI) mu Buholandi.Yanabaye Perezida w'Inama y'Ubugenzuzi ya '''Van Hall Larenstein''', ishuri rikuru ryigisha ibijyanye n'ubuhinzi, ibidukikije n'iterambere rirambye. Ni na we uyoboye Inama y'Ubutegetsi y''''Marga Klompé Foundation''', umuryango ukora ibikorwa by'imibereho myiza n'iterambere ry'abaturage. == Imya ya politiki == Ku wa '''30 Werurwe 2012''', Agnes van Ardenne hamwe n'abandi banyapolitiki bakomeye bo mu ishyaka '''Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA)''', barimo ba Minisitiri b'Intebe bahoze ari bo '''Ruud Lubbers''' na '''Piet de Jong''', bashyize umukono ku nyandiko yamaganaga icyemezo cya guverinoma ya Minisitiri w'Intebe '''Mark Rutte''' cyo kugabanya ingengo y'imari yagenerwaga ubufatanye mpuzamahanga n'iterambere. == Amashakiro == # .https://www.ncdo.nl/sites/default/files/Report%20Analysis%20The%20Dutch%20and%20Development%20Cooperation%20FINAL%202013%2003%2004.pdf # https://www.government.nl/documents/reports/2014/04/01/iob-return-on-aid-for-dutch-exports # https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4958316.stm # http://en.rli.nl/news/2012/dutch-government-names-members-of-council-for-the-environment-and-infrastructure [[Dosiye:Famara_Jatta_and_Agnes_van_Ardenne,_IMF_691765l.jpg|thumb|Agnes van Ardenne]] {{commonscat|Agnes van Ardenne}} [[Category:Abaholandi]] [[Category:Abanyepolitiki]] [[Category:Abagore]] 4ho2lmmw1bfxdahudv8b9qlwr0b6krb 0 7030 133985 120843 2026-07-22T08:28:50Z Score Beethoven 11559 133985 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Rwamagana_district_Map.jpg|thumb|Umurenge wa Rubona ugaragara ku ikarita y'Akarere ka Rwamagana]] [[Dosiye:A_Banana,_on_of_the_Rwandan_local_food.jpg|thumb|Abaturage b'uyu murenge bakora umwuga w'ubuhinzi bw'ibitoki]] '''Umurenge wa Rubona''' ni umwe mu mirenge 14 igize [[Akarere ka Rwamagana]]. Uherereye mu majyepfo y'akarere, ukaba uhana imbibi n'[[Umurenge wa Mwulire]] mu majyaruguru, [[Umurenge wa Munyaga]] na [[Umurenge wa Kigabiro]] mu burasirazuba, [[Umurenge wa Nzige]] mu burengerazuba n'[[Akarere ka Ngoma]] mu majyepfo, aho bigabanywa n'[[Ikiyaga cya Mugesera]]. Umurenge wa Rubona ugizwe n'utugari dutandatu (6) ari two:<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.rwamagana.gov.rw/akarere/abanyamabanga-nshingwabikorwa-bimirenge |title=Imirenge n'Utugari |website=Akarere ka Rwamagana |language=rw }}</ref> # Byinza (Imidugudu 8) # Kabatasi (Imidugudu 10) # Kabuye (Imidugudu 4) # Karambi (Imidugudu 5) # Mabare (Imidugudu 8) # Nawe (Imidugudu 3) Umurenge ugizwe n'imidugudu 38 yose hamwe. Umurenge wa Rubona ufite ubuso bwa 55,53 km², ukaba utuwe n'abaturage 24.196 (ibarura rya 2012). Uyu murenge kandi wageze muri finali y'imikino y'Umurenge Kagame Cup ku rwego rw'Akarere ka Rwamagana, hamwe n'Umurenge wa Gishali. == Uburezi == * Ibigo by'amashuri yisumbuye: 4 ** Agahozo Shalom Youth Village ** Groupe Scolaire Rubona (12YBE) ** École Secondaire de Mabare (9YBE) ** GS Nawe * Ikigo cy'amashuri y'imyuga: ** Tubona Vocational Training Centre (yahoze ari CFJ) * Ibigo by'amashuri abanza: 4 ** EP Nawe ** EP Mabare ** EP Byinza ** EP [[Rubona]] == Ubuvuzi == * Ikigo Nderabuzima cya Rubona. == Ibikorwaremezo == Muri uyu murenge hari urugomero rw'amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba ndetse n'isoko rya kijyambere. == Inyandiko zifashishijwe == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Rwamagana]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda]] 1i94p8qpl9j1rzx0jntztufj0q0p0y1 134021 133985 2026-07-22T14:41:54Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 134021 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Rwamagana_district_Map.jpg|thumb|Umurenge wa Rubona ugaragara ku ikarita y'Akarere ka Rwamagana]] [[Dosiye:A_Banana,_on_of_the_Rwandan_local_food.jpg|thumb|Abaturage b'uyu murenge bakora umwuga w'ubuhinzi bw'ibitoki]] '''Umurenge wa Rubona''' ni umwe mu mirenge 14 igize [[Akarere ka Rwamagana]]. Uherereye mu majyepfo y'akarere, ukaba uhana imbibi n'[[Umurenge wa Mwulire]] mu majyaruguru, [[Umurenge wa Munyaga]] na [[Umurenge wa Kigabiro]] mu burasirazuba, [[Umurenge wa Nzige]] mu burengerazuba n'[[Akarere ka Ngoma]] mu majyepfo, aho bigabanywa n'[[Ikiyaga cya Mugesera]]. Umurenge wa Rubona ugizwe n'utugari dutandatu (6) ari two:<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.rwamagana.gov.rw/akarere/abanyamabanga-nshingwabikorwa-bimirenge |title=Imirenge n'Utugari |website=Akarere ka Rwamagana |language=rw |access-date=2024-05-21 |archive-date=2023-06-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616031406/https://www.rwamagana.gov.rw/akarere/abanyamabanga-nshingwabikorwa-bimirenge |url-status=dead }}</ref> # Byinza (Imidugudu 8) # Kabatasi (Imidugudu 10) # Kabuye (Imidugudu 4) # Karambi (Imidugudu 5) # Mabare (Imidugudu 8) # Nawe (Imidugudu 3) Umurenge ugizwe n'imidugudu 38 yose hamwe. Umurenge wa Rubona ufite ubuso bwa 55,53 km², ukaba utuwe n'abaturage 24.196 (ibarura rya 2012). Uyu murenge kandi wageze muri finali y'imikino y'Umurenge Kagame Cup ku rwego rw'Akarere ka Rwamagana, hamwe n'Umurenge wa Gishali. == Uburezi == * Ibigo by'amashuri yisumbuye: 4 ** Agahozo Shalom Youth Village ** Groupe Scolaire Rubona (12YBE) ** École Secondaire de Mabare (9YBE) ** GS Nawe * Ikigo cy'amashuri y'imyuga: ** Tubona Vocational Training Centre (yahoze ari CFJ) * Ibigo by'amashuri abanza: 4 ** EP Nawe ** EP Mabare ** EP Byinza ** EP [[Rubona]] == Ubuvuzi == * Ikigo Nderabuzima cya Rubona. == Ibikorwaremezo == Muri uyu murenge hari urugomero rw'amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba ndetse n'isoko rya kijyambere. == Inyandiko zifashishijwe == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Rwamagana]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda]] bejhzd0h1x557hcxk19roybl4ci2r22 0 7502 133931 131529 2026-07-21T20:50:53Z Score Beethoven 11559 133931 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Green Hills in Rwanda.jpg|thumb|Imisozi ihinzemo icyayi hafi y’Umurenge wa Sovu.]] [[Dosiye:NgororeroDist.png|thumb|Umurenge wa Sovu ugaragara ku ikarita y’Akarere ka Ngororero.]] [[Dosiye:LL-Q33573 (kin)-Adeline07-Sovu.wav|thumb|Uko izina Sovu rivugwa.]] '''Umurenge wa Sovu''' ni umwe mu [[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|mirenge]] 13 igize [[Akarere ka Ngororero]], mu [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba]] bw’u [[Rwanda]]. == Ubumenyi bw’isi == Umurenge wa Sovu ufite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 54,68. Uherereye hafi ya [[Pariki y'Igihugu ya Gishwati-Mukura]] kandi uhana imbibi n’imirenge ya Bwira, Kageyo na Kavumu.<ref name="citypopulation">[https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/ngororero/3513__sovu/ « Sovu (Sector, Rwanda) »], ''City Population'', yasuwe ku wa 21 Nyakanga 2026.</ref><ref>[https://www.ngororero.gov.rw/index.php?eID=dumpFile&f=21943&t=f&token=75b4a66b55db52006881b56cfee7ea9bafc67339 « Ngororero District Map »], ''Akarere ka Ngororero'', yasuwe ku wa 21 Nyakanga 2026.</ref> == Imiterere y’ubuyobozi == Umurenge wa Sovu ugizwe n’utugari dutandatu: * Birembo; * Kagano; * Kanyana; * Musenyi; * Nyabipfura; * Rutovu.<ref>[https://gitlab.com/Bercove/rwanda-locations/-/blob/master/Rwanda_Locations.json « Rwanda Locations »], ''GitLab'', yasuwe ku wa 21 Nyakanga 2026.</ref> == Abaturage == Ibarura rusange ry’abaturage ryo mu 2022 ryagaragaje ko Umurenge wa Sovu wari utuwe n’abaturage 31.966. Ubucucike bw’abaturage bwari abantu 585 kuri kilometero kare. Mu 2012, umurenge wari utuwe n’abaturage 26.855.<ref name="citypopulation"/> == Ibikorwa n’ubukungu == Ubuhinzi bw’icyayi buri mu bikorwa by’ingenzi by’ubukungu muri Sovu. Imiterere y’ubutaka n’ikirere byo muri Sovu, Kageyo, Kavumu na Muhanda bibereye ubuhinzi bw’icyayi.<ref>[https://adaptationataltitude.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/social_assessment.pdf « Social Assessment: Ngororero District »], ''Akarere ka Ngororero'', yasuwe ku wa 21 Nyakanga 2026.</ref> Ubworozi bw’amatungo magufi na bwo bukorwa muri Sovu. Amwe mu makoperative y’urubyiruko yo muri uyu murenge yahawe inkoko n’ingurube kugira ngo afashe urubyiruko kwihangira imirimo.<ref>[https://www.ngororero.gov.rw/news-detail-1/urubyiruko-rwo-mu-mirenge-ya-sovu-na-gatumba-mu-rugamba-rwo-kwivana-mu-bukene-n-ubushomeri « Urubyiruko rwo mu mirenge ya Sovu na Gatumba mu rugamba rwo kwivana mu bukene n’ubushomeri »], ''Akarere ka Ngororero'', yasuwe ku wa 21 Nyakanga 2026.</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Ngororero|Sovu]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Sovu]] l3g4vp49cowwkef3orlq514fpp3znoc 0 7846 133968 76333 2026-07-22T06:31:19Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 133968 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox disease | Name = Igisebe cy’umufunzo | Image = Buruli ulcer left ankle EID.jpg | Caption = Igisebe cy’umufunzo ku umurundi w’umurwayi wo muli Ghana. | Disease DB = 8568 | ICD10 = {{ICD10|A|31|1|a|30}} ([[ILDS]] A31.120) | ICD9 = {{ICD9|031.1}} | ICDO = | OMIM = | MedlinePlus = | eMedicineSubj = | eMedicineTopic = | MeshID = D009165 }} [[Dosiye:Wounds_0815_reyzelman_figure1-png.png|thumb|Indwara y'igisebe cy'umufunzo]] '''Indwara y’igisebe cy’umufunzo (Buruli Ulcer) ''' (izwi kandi ku izina rya '''Bairnsdale ulcer''', '''Searls ulcer''', cg '''Daintree ulcer'''<ref name="Andrews">{{cite book |author=James, William D.; Berger, Timothy G.; et al. |title=Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: clinical Dermatology |publisher=Saunders Elsevier |location= |year=2006 |pages=340 |isbn=0-7216-2921-0 }}</ref><ref name="Bolognia">{{cite book |author=Rapini, Ronald P.; Bolognia, Jean L.; Jorizzo, Joseph L. |title=Dermatology: 2-Volume Set |publisher=Mosby |location=St. Louis |year=2007 |at=Chapter 74 |isbn=1-4160-2999-0 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=Lavender CJ, Senanayake SN, Fyfe JA, ''et al.'' |title=First case of ''Mycobacterium ulcerans'' disease (Bairnsdale or Buruli ulcer) acquired in New South Wales |journal=Med. J. Aust. |volume=186 |issue=2 |pages=62–3 |date=January 2007 |pmid=17223764 |url=http://www.mja.com.au/public/issues/186_02_150107/lav10784_fm.html |archive-date=2011-04-05 |access-date=2015-08-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110405073417/http://www.mja.com.au/public/issues/186_02_150107/lav10784_fm.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>) ni [[indwara yandura ]] iterwa na mikorobe yitwa ''[[Mycobacterium ulcerans]]''.<ref name=WHO2013>{{cite web|title=Buruli ulcer (''Mycobacterium ulcerans'' infection) Fact sheet N°199|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs199/en/|work=World Health Organization|accessdate=23 February 2014|date=June 2013}}</ref> Mu ntangiliro yo kuyandura hagaragara akabyimba cyangwa igice cy’umubili kibyimbye aliko bitagaragaza ububabare [[nodule (medicine)|nodule]] .<ref name=WHO2013/> Aka kabyimba gashobora kuvamo igisebe ku mubili [[Ulcer (dermatology)|ulcer]].<ref name=WHO2013/> Igisebe gishobora kuba kinini muko kinjiye mu mubili kurusha uko kigaragara ku ruhu rw'umubili, <ref name=Nak2013/> gishobora kandi gukikizwa n’ububyimbe bw’uruhu.<ref name=Nak2013/> Uko indwara igenda ikura, amagupfa ashobora kugerwaho nayo akandura..<ref name=WHO2013/> Igisebe cy’umufunzo gikunda kwanduza amaboko n’amaguru;<ref name=WHO2013/> umuliro ntukunda kugaragara.<ref name=WHO2013/> == Igitera iyi ndwara== ''M. ulcerans'' Iyi ndwara ivubura uburozi buzwi ku izina rya [[mycolactone]], bugabanya cg bugakuraho [[ubudahangarwa bw’umubili |ubudahangarwa bw’imikorere y’ibanze y’umubili]] bigakulikirwa no gupfa k’udupande tw’umubili bita [[apoptosis|death]].<ref name=WHO2013/> Udukoko two mu muryango umwe kandi dutera indwara [[y’igituntu]] n’iy’[[ibibembe]] amazina akulikira y’utwo dukoko ni (''[[Mycobacterium tuberculosis|M. tuberculosis]]'' na '' [[Mycobacterium leprae|M. leprae]]''.<ref name=WHO2013/> Uko indwara igenda ikwirakwira ntibiramenyekana neza.<ref name=WHO2013/> Amasoko y’amazi ashobora kugira uruhare mu ikwirakwizwa ry’indwara.<ref name=Nak2013/> Kugeza mu mwaka wa 2013 nta rukingo rukwiliye rwali ruraboneka.<ref name=WHO2013/><ref name=Ein2011/> ==Ivurwa ry’indwara == Iyo abantu bavuwe kare, umuti wa antibiotiki, [[antibiotic]]s uvura neza mu rwego rwa 80% nyuma y’ibyumweru umunani.<ref name=WHO2013/> Ubuvuzi akenshi bugizwe n’imiti ya [[rifampicin]] na [[streptomycin]].<ref name=WHO2013/> [[Clarithromycin]] aliko akenshi [[moxifloxacin]] niyo ikoreshwa mu mwanya wa streptomycin.<ref name=WHO2013/> Ubundi buryo bwo kuyivura bugizwe no kubaga no kuvanamo ikibyimba [[Dosiye:Wound_closed_with_surgical_sutures.jpg|thumb|Uburyo bwo kuvura iyi ndwara]] [[Surgery|cutting out]] .<ref name="WHO2013" /><ref name="Siz2006">{{cite journal | author=Sizaire V, Nackers F, Comte E, Portaels F | title=''Mycobacterium ulcerans'' infection: control, diagnosis, and treatment | journal=Lancet Infect Dis |year=2006 | volume=6 | issue=5 | pages=288–296 | pmid=16631549 | doi=10.1016/S1473-3099(06)70464-9 | url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1473-3099(06)70464-9 }}</ref> Nyuma y’uko ubwandu bukira, igice cy’umubili nyilizina gisigarana inkovu.<ref name="Ein2011">{{cite journal |author=Einarsdottir T, Huygen K |title=Buruli ulcer |journal=Hum Vaccin |volume=7 |issue=11 |pages=1198–203 |date=November 2011 |pmid=22048117 |doi=10.4161/hv.7.11.17751 |url=http://www.landesbioscience.com/journals/hv/abstract.php?id=17751}}</ref> ==Ikwirakwizwa ry’ubwandu== Ibisebe by’umufunzo bikunda kuboneka mu byaro [[by’Afurika yo munsi y’ubutayu bwa Sahara ]] cyane cyane mu gihugu cya [[Cote d'Ivoire]], aliko ishobora no kuboneka muli Aziya, mu Burengerazuba bwa Pasifika ndetse n’ubwa za Amerika.<ref name=WHO2013/> Ubwandu bwagaragaye mu bihugu birenga 32.<ref name=Nak2013>{{cite journal|last=Nakanaga|first=K|author2=Yotsu, RR |author3=Hoshino, Y |author4=Suzuki, K |author5=Makino, M |author6= Ishii, N |title=Buruli ulcer and mycolactone-producing mycobacteria.|journal=Japanese journal of infectious diseases|year=2013|volume=66|issue=2|pages=83–8|pmid=23514902}}</ref> Buli mwaka haboneka ubwandu buli mu kigero kili hagati y’ibihumbi bitanu n’ibihumbi bitandatu.<ref name=WHO2013/> Iyi ndwara kandi iboneka mu mubare w’inyamaswa zitali abantu.<ref name=WHO2013/> [[Albert Ruskin Cook]] niwe wabaye uwa mbere mu gushyira ahagaragara ibisebe by’umufunzo mu mwaka wa 1897.<ref name=Nak2013/> ==Inyandiko zifashijijwe == < references /> 8hgi72h01nf7u5pkn0je3ptcj6g6wf2 0 8018 133978 123932 2026-07-22T08:23:54Z Score Beethoven 11559 133978 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:GasaboDist.png|thumb|Umurenge wa Bumbogo uherereye mu karere ka Gasabo mu mujyi wa Kigali]] '''Umurenge wa Bumbogo''' ni umwe mu mirenge cumi n'itanu (15) ibarizwa mu [[Akarere ka Gasabo|karere ka Gasabo]], kamwe mu turere dutatu tugize [[Umujyi wa Kigali]]. Umurenge wa Bumbogo ufite utugari 7 n'imidugudu 43. {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Gasabo]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Bumbogo]] 286zdr12dxvz5t12pl800qu42esqunm 0 8019 133984 123112 2026-07-22T08:27:07Z Score Beethoven 11559 133984 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Umurenge wa Nyundo''' ni umwe mu mirenge cumi n'ibiri igize [[Akarere ka Rubavu]] mu [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba|Ntara y'Uburengerazuba]], ukaba warahoze muri perefegitura ya Gisenyi mbere y'uko zikurwaho. [[Dosiye:Gisenyi_majengo.jpg|thumb|Imiturire y'abaturage batuye Umurenge wa Nyundo muri Rubavu]] Mu bushakashatsi bwakozwe ku mibereho y'abaturage n'ingo mu mwaka wa 2022 n'Ikigo cy'Igihugu gishinzwe Ibarurishamibare, bwagaragaje ko Umurenge wa Nyundo<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/rubavu/3310__nyundo/ |title=Nyundo (Sector, Rwanda) - Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location |website=City Population |language=en }}</ref>: * ufite ubuso bungana na km² 31.50; * utuwe n'abaturage bagera ku 42.305, aho 52.6% ari abagore naho 47.4% ari abagabo. Muri bo, 54.7% bari hagati y'imyaka 15 na 64, 41.9% bari munsi y'imyaka 15 naho 3.4% bari hejuru y'imyaka 64; * utuwe n'abaturage basaga 1.343 kuri km²; * 39.5% batuye mu mijyi mu gihe 60.5% batuye mu cyaro. Umurenge wa Nyundo uhana imbibi n'[[Umurenge wa Nyamyumba|Umurenge wa Nyamyumba]], [[Umurenge wa Rugerero|Umurenge wa Rugerero]], [[Umurenge wa Kanama|Umurenge wa Kanama]] ndetse na [[Umurenge wa Nyakiriba|Umurenge wa Nyakiriba]]. == Reba == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Rubavu]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda]] ebwqndyh0uhxpgi68piq22ql3vjynw3 0 8024 133954 133553 2026-07-22T00:24:15Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 133954 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Gisagara| ]] [[Ikiciro:Intara y'amajyepfo]] [[Dosiye:GisagaraDist.png|thumb]]{{Databox|excludeProperties=Q31827563}} Akarere ka Gisagara <ref>https://www.gisagara.gov.rw/</ref>ni kamwe mu turere 30 tugize Igihugu cy’u [[Rwanda]]. Gaherereye mu [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Ntara y’Amajyepfo]], mu majyepfo yayo. Mu majyepfo n’iburasirazuba gahana imbibi n’igihugu cy’u [[Burundi]], mu majyaruguru gahana imbibi n’[[Akarere ka Nyanza]] naho iburengerazuba kagahana imbibi n’Uturere twa Nyaruguru na Huye. Kagizwe n’Imirenge 13, [[Akagari|Utugari]] 59 n’Imidugudu 524.<ref>https://www.minecofin.gov.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/Minecofin/Publications/REPORTS/National_Budget/District_Budget/2010-11_Budgets/GISAGARA.pdf</ref> === imirenge === Aka karere kagizwe n'imirenge cumi n'itatu ariyo:Gikonko, Gishubi, Kansi, Kibirizi, Kigembe, Mamba, Muganza, Mugombwa, Mukindo, Musha, Ndora, Nyanza na Save. Iyi mirenge ni yo nzego z’imiyoborere zegerejwe abaturage, ikaba ifasha mu gutanga serivisi no guteza imbere imibereho myiza y’abaturage. === utugali === [[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Imirenge]] y’Akarere ka Gisagara igabanyijwemo utugari aritwo: Agahabwa, Akaboti, Baziro, Bukinanyana, Bweya, Bwiza, Cyamukuza, Cyiri, Cyumba, Dahwe, Duwani, Gabiro, Gakoma, Gasagara, Gatoki, Gatovukigembe, Gatovumusha, Gisagara, Gitega, Higiro, Impinga, Kabumbwe, Kibayi, Kibirizi, Kibu, Kigarama, Kimana, Mbogo, Mukande, Mukiza, Mukomacara, Munazi, Muyaga, Muyira, Nyabikenke, Nyabisagara, Nyabitare, Nyakibungo, Nyamugali, Nyaruteja, Nyeranzi, Ramba, Remera, Rubona, Runyinya, Rusagara, Ruturo, Rwamiko, Rwanza, Sabusaro, Saga, Shyanda, Umubanga, Umunini na Zivu. Utugari tugira uruhare rukomeye mu guhuza abaturage n’inzego z’imiyoborere ndetse no mu ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya gahunda z’iterambere ku rwego rw’ibanze. == ubukungu<ref>https://igihe.com/serivisi/kwamamaza/advertorials/rwanda/article/gisagara-abaturage-bahawe-inka-ibihumbi-36-mu-myaka-itanu</ref> == Ubukungu bw’Akarere ka Gisagara bwubakiye ahanini ku buhinzi n’[[Ubworozi mu Rwanda|ubworozi]], bikaba bishyigikiwe n’ishoramari mu bikorwaremezo bishya ndetse n’inganda zitunganya umusaruro. === 1. Ubuhinzi n’Ubworozi<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/Gisagara</ref> === * [[Ubuhinzi]] bw’[[Ibigori]] n’[[Umuceli|Umuceri]]: aka kareregafite ibishanga bigari (nk’icya Kibugazi) bihingwaho ibigori n’umuceri ku buso bunini mu bihembwe bitandukanye by’ihinga. * Inyongeramusaruro n'[[Ikoranabuhanga mu amashuri|Ikoranabuhanga]]: Abahinzi begerezwa imbuto z’indobanure n’ifumbire binyuze mu itandukanyirizo ry’ubucuruzi (agro-dealers) ngo bongere umusaruro ku buso buto. * Gahunda y'[[Ubworozi mu Rwanda|Ubworozi]]: Mu rwego rwo kurwanya ubukene no kongera umusaruro w'amata, ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya gahunda nka Girinka ryafashije abaturage benshi gukurwa mu bukene bukabije no kubona amafaranga. Inganda n’Ubukerarugendo<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.gisagara.gov.rw/default-title-9/abayobozi-bakarere-abajyanama-nabafatanyabikorwa-mu-mwiherero-wiminsi-itatu-i-karongi |title=Archive copy |access-date=2026-06-23 |archive-date=2026-06-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260623110253/https://www.gisagara.gov.rw/default-title-9/abayobozi-bakarere-abajyanama-nabafatanyabikorwa-mu-mwiherero-wiminsi-itatu-i-karongi |url-status=dead }}</ref>: ** Ugutunga Umusaruro: Hari inganda nto n’iziciriritse zitunganya umusaruro ukomoka ku buhinzi n’ubworozi (nk'inganda z'umuceri). ** Ikiraro n'Ubuhahirane: Kubaka ibiraro bishya byo mu kirere (nk’icyo ku mugezi wa Kabogobogo) byafashije mu gukuraho inzitizi z’ubuhahirane hagati y’imirenge nka Mugombwa na Kansi. == '''Amashakiro''' == bdkt4cu5wk53jlrr827760p64gv7fcy 0 8034 133913 115586 2026-07-21T17:34:27Z Score Beethoven 11559 133913 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:RusiziDist.png|thumb|Umurenge wa Muganza uherereye mu karere ka Rusizi mu ntara y'uburengerazuba bw'u Rwanda.|309x309px]] [[Dosiye:Rusizi_town.jpg|thumb|Akarere ka Rusizi|303x303px]] Umurenge wa Muganza uhererereye mu majyepfo yuburengerazuba bw' [[akarere ka Nyaruguru]] (-2.6133136549023903, 29.01959164694231)<ref>[https://www.google.com/maps/search/muganza+sector,+cimerwa/@-2.616829,28.9766763,13z « Muganza Sector, Cimerwa »], ''Google Maps'', yasuwe ku wa 21 Nyakanga 2026.</ref>.Ugizwe n'utugali dutatu aritwo Shara, Gakoni na Cyarukara<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20210118173804/https://rusizi.gov.rw/index.php?id=156 « Imirenge n’utugari bigize Akarere ka Rusizi »], ''Akarere ka Rusizi'', inyandiko yabitswe ku wa 18 Mutarama 2021, yasuwe ku wa 21 Nyakanga 2026.</ref>. Akagali ka Shara gaherereye kuva ku ryambere (First street) kugera ku ryagatatu (Third street), aka Gakoni gaherereye Kuryakane kugera kuryagatandatu, naho aka Cyarukara kava kuryakarindwi kugera kurya munani. Imwe mu mirenge bihana imbibi Bugarama, Rwimbogo, Gitambi na Gikundamvura. Uyu murenge niwo uherereyemo uruganda rwa CIMERWA ltd rukora isima<ref>[https://cimerwa.rw/ « CIMERWA »], ''CIMERWA Plc'', yasuwe ku wa 21 Nyakanga 2026.</ref>, ukaba unazwiho guhinga umuceri dore ko ufite ubuso bunini buhigwamo umuceli mu kibaya cyimbo. Bikaba byumvikana ko abaturage baho batuzwe cyane n'ubuhinzi. === Amashakiro === <references /> [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Nyaruguru]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda]] 0tln3juar4yz9u9x4tppvcki4r04tnh 133947 133913 2026-07-21T22:34:08Z Score Beethoven 11559 133947 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:RusiziDist.png|thumb|309x309px|Ikarita y’Akarere ka Rusizi, Umurenge wa Muganza uherereyemo.]] [[Dosiye:Rusizi_town.jpg|thumb|303x303px|Agace ko mu Karere ka Rusizi.]] '''Umurenge wa Muganza''' ni umwe mu mirenge 18 igize [[Akarere ka Rusizi]], mu [[Intara y’Iburengerazuba]] y’u Rwanda. Uyu murenge urimo igice cy’umujyi wa Bugarama, uruganda rwa CIMERWA n’igice cy’ikibaya cya Bugarama gihingwamo umuceri. Ntugomba kwitiranywa n’indi mirenge yitwa Muganza iri mu turere twa Gisagara na Nyaruguru. == Imiterere y’ubuyobozi == Umurenge wa Muganza ugizwe n’utugari dutatu: * Cyarukara; * Gakoni; * Shara.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20210118173804/https://rusizi.gov.rw/index.php?id=156 « Imirenge n’utugari bigize Akarere ka Rusizi »], Akarere ka Rusizi, urupapuro rwabitswe ku wa 18 Mutarama 2021.</ref> == Abaturage == Mu ibarura rusange ry’abaturage n’imiturire ryo mu 2012, Umurenge wa Muganza wari utuwe n’abaturage 27.344. Mu 2022, abaturage bari bageze kuri 32.849, barimo abagore 17.241 n’abagabo 15.608.<ref name="abaturage">[https://citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/rusizi/3610__muganza/ « Muganza (Sector, Rwanda) »], ''City Population'', hashingiwe ku mibare y’Ikigo cy’Igihugu cy’Ibarurishamibare cy’u Rwanda.</ref> Muri abo baturage, 32.421 bari batuye mu bice by’umujyi naho 428 bakaba bari batuye mu bice by’icyaro.<ref name="abaturage" /> == Ubukungu == === Uruganda rwa sima === Mu Murenge wa Muganza ni ho hubatse uruganda rwa CIMERWA rukora sima. Uruganda ruherereye hafi y’umujyi wa Bugarama kandi ni rumwe mu nganda zikomeye zikora ibikoresho by’ubwubatsi mu Rwanda.<ref>[https://cimerwa.rw/ « CIMERWA »], urubuga rwemewe rwa CIMERWA.</ref> === Ubuhinzi bw’umuceri === Bamwe mu baturage bo mu Murenge wa Muganza bahinga umuceri mu kibaya cya Bugarama. Iki kibaya gihinzwamo umuceri n’abahinzi bo mu mirenge ya Bugarama, Gikundamvura, Nyakabuye na Muganza.<ref>[https://www.topafricanews.com/2025/11/13/rwanda-to-invest-rwf-42-billion-in-expanding-and-rehabilitating-bugarama-marshland/ « Rwanda to invest Rwf 42 billion in expanding and rehabilitating Bugarama Marshland »], ''Top Africa News''.</ref> Mu 2024, icyicaro cy’ishyirahamwe ry’abahinzi b’umuceri bo mu kibaya cya Bugarama cyari giherereye mu Murenge wa Muganza.<ref>Elias Hakizimana, [https://rwandainspirer.com/rusizi-some-farmers-have-yet-to-receive-payment-for-their-rice-stuck-in-storage/ « Rusizi: Some farmers have yet to receive payment for their rice stuck in storage »], ''Rwanda Inspirer'', 31 Ukwakira 2024.</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Rusizi|Muganza]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Muganza]] mvy2xjs0ezrf2uo4dlfv1fqxobu7c7a 0 8042 133982 105674 2026-07-22T08:26:18Z Score Beethoven 11559 133982 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Rwamagana_district_Map.jpg|thumb|Umurenge wa Nyakariro uri mu karere ka Rwamagana]] '''Umurenge wa Nyakariro''' uherereye mu [[Akarere ka Rwamagana|karere ka Rwamagana]], mu [[Intara y’Iburasirazuba|Ntara y'Iburasirazuba]]. Uyu murenge ugizwe n'utugari dutanu (5):<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.rwamagana.gov.rw/akarere/abanyamabanga-nshingwabikorwa-bimirenge |title=Abanyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa b'Imirenge |website=Akarere ka Rwamagana |language=rw }}</ref> # Bihembe # Gishore # Rwimbogo # Gatare # Munini == Inyandiko zifashishijwe == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Rwamagana]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda]] fjbemvci4dw1mja36kbaa22qjfjs7ga 134019 133982 2026-07-22T14:41:38Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 134019 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Rwamagana_district_Map.jpg|thumb|Umurenge wa Nyakariro uri mu karere ka Rwamagana]] '''Umurenge wa Nyakariro''' uherereye mu [[Akarere ka Rwamagana|karere ka Rwamagana]], mu [[Intara y’Iburasirazuba|Ntara y'Iburasirazuba]]. Uyu murenge ugizwe n'utugari dutanu (5):<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.rwamagana.gov.rw/akarere/abanyamabanga-nshingwabikorwa-bimirenge |title=Abanyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa b'Imirenge |website=Akarere ka Rwamagana |language=rw |access-date=2024-05-23 |archive-date=2023-06-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616031406/https://www.rwamagana.gov.rw/akarere/abanyamabanga-nshingwabikorwa-bimirenge |url-status=dead }}</ref> # Bihembe # Gishore # Rwimbogo # Gatare # Munini == Inyandiko zifashishijwe == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Rwamagana]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda]] rtt8492pansbhpvqi2w8tl8nocftb70 0 8047 133926 131535 2026-07-21T18:53:11Z Score Beethoven 11559 133926 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:RulindoDist.png|thumb|Umurenge wa Murambi ugaragara ku ikarita y’Akarere ka Rulindo.]] [[Dosiye:Road in Rulindo, Rwanda.jpg|thumb|Umuhanda wo mu Karere ka Rulindo.]] [[Dosiye:LL-Q33573 (kin)-Adeline07-Murambi.wav|thumb|Uko izina Murambi rivugwa.]] '''Umurenge wa Murambi''' ni umwe mu [[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|mirenge]] igize [[Akarere ka Rulindo]], mu [[Intara y'Amajyaruguru]] y’u [[Rwanda]]. == Ubumenyi bw’isi == Umurenge wa Murambi ufite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 29,52.<ref name="citypopulation">[https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/rulindo/4111__murambi/ « Murambi (Sector, Rwanda) »], ''City Population'', yasuwe ku wa 21 Nyakanga 2026.</ref> Ugizwe n’utugari tune: * Bubangu; * Gatwa; * Mugambazi; * Mvuzo.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20230215193230/https://www.rulindo.gov.rw/about/menya-akarere « Menya Akarere ka Rulindo »], ''Akarere ka Rulindo'', inyandiko yabitswe ku wa 15 Gashyantare 2023, yasuwe ku wa 21 Nyakanga 2026.</ref> == Abaturage == Ibarura rusange ry’abaturage ryo mu 2022 ryagaragaje ko Umurenge wa Murambi wari utuwe n’abaturage 27.283. Ubucucike bw’abaturage bwari abantu 924 kuri kilometero kare. Mu 2012, umurenge wari utuwe n’abaturage 17.892.<ref name="citypopulation"/> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Rulindo]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Murambi]] 8jamet0xbdmyi65rb9266cvehbmihpw 0 8121 133904 113302 2026-07-21T11:03:14Z Score Beethoven 11559 133904 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | official_name = Kabarondo | settlement_type = Umujyi n’[[Imirenge y'u Rwanda|umurenge]] | subdivision_type = Igihugu | subdivision_name = [[File:Flag of Rwanda.svg|25px]] [[Rwanda]] | subdivision_type1 = Intara | subdivision_name1 = [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]] | subdivision_type2 = Akarere | subdivision_name2 = [[Akarere ka Kayonza]] | leader_title = Umuyobozi | population_as_of = Ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022 | population_total = 37839 | population_urban = 17907 | blank_name = Ubucucike | blank_info = Abaturage 695 kuri km² | blank1_name = Ubuhagarike | blank1_info = Metero 1.820 | blank2_name = Ikirere | blank2_info = Aw }} '''Kabarondo''' ni umujyi n’umurenge byo mu [[Rwanda|Repubulika y’u Rwanda]]. == Aho iherereye == Kabarondo iherereye mu [[Akarere ka Kayonza]], mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]]. Iri mu majyepfo y’iburasirazuba bw’u Rwanda, ku muhanda mukuru RN3 uva i [[Kigali]] ukagera i [[Nyakasanza]] muri [[Tanzaniya]]. Kabarondo iri ku ntera y’umuhanda ingana na kilometero 83 mu majyepfo y’iburasirazuba bwa Kigali, umurwa mukuru n’umujyi munini w’u Rwanda.<ref>[http://distancecalculator.globefeed.com/Rwanda_Distance_Result.asp?fromplace=Kabarondo%2C%20Eastern%20Province%2C%20Rwanda&toplace=Kigali%2C%20Rwanda%2C&dt1=ChIJ-wK3gLs32xkR2GYvhen81co&dt2=ChIJl-fYjiWk3BkRyAsdQaU2K_M « Road Distance Between Kigali and Kabarondo With Map »], ''Globefeed.com'', yasuwe ku wa 27 Gicurasi 2015.</ref> Kabarondo iherereye ku nganyagihugu za 2°00′38″ S na 30°33′27″ E, ni ukuvuga ku bubangikane bwa −2.010556 no ku burebure bwa 30.557500.<ref>[https://www.google.com/maps/place/2%C2%B000'38.0%22S+30%C2%B033'27.0%22E/@-2.0105556,30.5575,17z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m2!3m1!1s0x0:0x0 « Location of Kabarondo, Rwanda at Google Maps »], ''Google Maps'', yasuwe ku wa 27 Gicurasi 2015.</ref> == Ahantu h’ingenzi == Ahantu h’ingenzi hari muri Kabarondo cyangwa hafi yayo ni aha: * Ibiro by’ubuyobozi bwa Kabarondo; * Isoko rikuru rya Kabarondo; * Kabarondo Boys Centre, ikigo cyashinzwe mu 2010 n’amashyirahamwe Streets Ahead Children's Centre Association na Property Professionals Breakfast Club SACCA;<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150527201446/https://www.wjr.org.uk/news/a-new-boy-s-centre-in-kabarondo-rwanda/ « A New Boys' Centre in Kabarondo, Rwanda »], ''World Jewish Relief'', 6 Ukuboza 2010, yasuwe ku wa 27 Gicurasi 2015.</ref> * Ikigo cy’imyuga cya Kabarondo; * Parikingi ya tagisi ya Kabarondo.<ref>Claudia Gasana, [https://web.archive.org/web/20150527185803/http://www.rwandaexpress.rw/lifestyle/34147/kabarondo-residents-decry-lack-public-toilets/ « Kabarondo Residents Decry Lack of Public Toilets »], ''Rwanda Express'', 23 Gicurasi 2015, yasuwe ku wa 27 Gicurasi 2015.</ref> == Reba kandi == * [[Urutonde rwa banki zo mu Rwanda]] == Inyandiko n’amashakiro == {{reflist}} == Imiyoboro yo hanze == * [http://www.handinhandinternational.org/casestudy/business-as-usual-clementines-climb-from-farmer-to-leader/ Business As Usual: Clementine's Climb From Farmer To Leader] * [https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/article/2011-05-05/30890/ Kabarondo Traders Warned On Tax Fraud] [[Category:Akarere ka Kayonza]] 9gjenc4xsuf599gmy6opvfn8akvm4jp 0 8167 133935 130697 2026-07-21T21:01:56Z Score Beethoven 11559 133935 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:GisagaraDist.png|thumb|Ikarita y’Akarere ka Gisagara igaragaza aho Umurenge wa Kibilizi uherereye.]] '''Umurenge wa Kibilizi''' ni umwe mu mirenge igize [[Akarere ka Gisagara]], mu [[Intara y’Amajyepfo]] y’u Rwanda. auld0yxoilneo1nx90d0polcliptxcs 0 8171 133936 131173 2026-07-21T21:38:18Z Score Beethoven 11559 133936 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:NyamagabeDist.png|thumb|356x356px|Ikarita y’Akarere ka Nyamagabe, Umurenge wa Gasaka uherereyemo.]] [[Dosiye:Hills_of_Nyamagabe_in_Rwanda.jpg|thumb|356x356px|Imisozi yo mu Karere ka Nyamagabe.]] [[Dosiye:Site touristique ku gasaka ka inarunyonga.jpg|thumb|Ahantu nyaburanga ho mu Murenge wa Gasaka.]] '''Umurenge wa Gasaka''' ni umwe mu mirenge 17 igize [[Akarere ka Nyamagabe]], mu [[Intara y’Amajyepfo]]. Muri uyu murenge ni ho hari icyicaro cy’Akarere ka Nyamagabe n’igice kinini cy’umujyi wa Nyamagabe. == Imiterere y’ubuyobozi == Akarere ka Nyamagabe kagizwe n’imirenge 17, utugari 92 n’imidugudu 536.<ref>[https://www.nyamagabe.gov.rw/ « Akarere ka Nyamagabe »], urubuga rwemewe rw’Akarere ka Nyamagabe.</ref> Umurenge wa Gasaka ugizwe n’utugari dutanu: * Gasaka; * Gatovu; * Ngiryi; * Nyamugari; * Nyarusange. Utugari twawo tugabanyijemo imidugudu 27. == Abaturage == Umurenge wa Gasaka wari utuwe n’abaturage 41.522 mu 2012. Mu ibarura rusange ry’abaturage n’imiturire ryo mu 2022, abaturage bari bageze kuri 41.558, barimo abagore 22.069 n’abagabo 19.489.<ref name="abaturage">[https://citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/nyamagabe/2503__gasaka/ « Gasaka (Sector, Rwanda) »], ''City Population'', hashingiwe ku mibare y’Ikigo cy’Igihugu cy’Ibarurishamibare cy’u Rwanda.</ref> Muri abo baturage, 29.582 bari batuye mu bice by’umujyi naho 11.976 bakaba bari batuye mu bice by’icyaro.<ref name="abaturage" /> == Ubukungu == Abaturage bo mu bice by’icyaro by’Umurenge wa Gasaka bakora cyane cyane ubuhinzi n’ubworozi. Mu bihingwa bihingwa muri ako gace harimo ibigori, ibishyimbo n’ibirayi. Umurenge kandi urimo udusantere tw’ubucuruzi n’igice cy’umujyi wa Nyamagabe, bikaba bituma ubucuruzi na serivisi na byo bigira uruhare mu bukungu bwawo. == Isuku, umutekano n’imibereho myiza == Mu 2024, Umurenge wa Gasaka wabaye uwa mbere mu mirenge 101 yo mu Ntara y’Amajyepfo mu marushanwa yari agamije guteza imbere isuku, umutekano no kurwanya igwingira mu bana. Umurenge wahembwe imodoka yashyikirijwe ubuyobozi bwawo ku wa 19 Kamena 2024.<ref name="isuku">Marie Claire Joyeuse, [https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/mu-rwanda/article/nyamagabe-umurenge-wa-gasaka-wegukanye-imodoka-y-igihembo-cy-isuku-n-umutekano « Nyamagabe: Umurenge wa Gasaka wegukanye imodoka y’igihembo cy’isuku n’umutekano »], ''Kigali Today'', 21 Kamena 2024.</ref> Mu bikorwa byatumye umurenge uhabwa icyo gihembo harimo gutunganya ingo, kugira uturima tw’imboga n’ibiti by’imbuto, gusukura udusantere tw’ubucuruzi no kwitabira amarondo. Ibigo by’amashuri n’ibigo by’ubuvuzi na byo byitabiriye ibikorwa byo guhinga imbuto n’ibihumyo hagamijwe kurwanya igwingira mu bana.<ref name="isuku" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Nyamagabe|Gasaka]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Gasaka]] f3pwtpkcd20qzks3ypamfh2vwvo489g 133937 133936 2026-07-21T21:42:37Z Score Beethoven 11559 /* Ubukungu */ 133937 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:NyamagabeDist.png|thumb|356x356px|Ikarita y’Akarere ka Nyamagabe, Umurenge wa Gasaka uherereyemo.]] [[Dosiye:Hills_of_Nyamagabe_in_Rwanda.jpg|thumb|356x356px|Imisozi yo mu Karere ka Nyamagabe.]] [[Dosiye:Site touristique ku gasaka ka inarunyonga.jpg|thumb|Ahantu nyaburanga ho mu Murenge wa Gasaka.]] '''Umurenge wa Gasaka''' ni umwe mu mirenge 17 igize [[Akarere ka Nyamagabe]], mu [[Intara y’Amajyepfo]]. Muri uyu murenge ni ho hari icyicaro cy’Akarere ka Nyamagabe n’igice kinini cy’umujyi wa Nyamagabe. == Imiterere y’ubuyobozi == Akarere ka Nyamagabe kagizwe n’imirenge 17, utugari 92 n’imidugudu 536.<ref>[https://www.nyamagabe.gov.rw/ « Akarere ka Nyamagabe »], urubuga rwemewe rw’Akarere ka Nyamagabe.</ref> Umurenge wa Gasaka ugizwe n’utugari dutanu: * Gasaka; * Gatovu; * Ngiryi; * Nyamugari; * Nyarusange. Utugari twawo tugabanyijemo imidugudu 27. == Abaturage == Umurenge wa Gasaka wari utuwe n’abaturage 41.522 mu 2012. Mu ibarura rusange ry’abaturage n’imiturire ryo mu 2022, abaturage bari bageze kuri 41.558, barimo abagore 22.069 n’abagabo 19.489.<ref name="abaturage">[https://citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/nyamagabe/2503__gasaka/ « Gasaka (Sector, Rwanda) »], ''City Population'', hashingiwe ku mibare y’Ikigo cy’Igihugu cy’Ibarurishamibare cy’u Rwanda.</ref> Muri abo baturage, 29.582 bari batuye mu bice by’umujyi naho 11.976 bakaba bari batuye mu bice by’icyaro.<ref name="abaturage" /> == Ibikorwa n’ubukungu == Abaturage bo mu bice by’icyaro by’Umurenge wa Gasaka bakora cyane cyane ubuhinzi n’ubworozi. Mu bihingwa bihingwa muri ako gace harimo ibigori, ibishyimbo n’ibirayi. Umurenge kandi urimo udusantere tw’ubucuruzi n’igice cy’umujyi wa Nyamagabe, bikaba bituma ubucuruzi na serivisi na byo bigira uruhare mu bukungu bwawo. == Isuku, umutekano n’imibereho myiza == Mu 2024, Umurenge wa Gasaka wabaye uwa mbere mu mirenge 101 yo mu Ntara y’Amajyepfo mu marushanwa yari agamije guteza imbere isuku, umutekano no kurwanya igwingira mu bana. Umurenge wahembwe imodoka yashyikirijwe ubuyobozi bwawo ku wa 19 Kamena 2024.<ref name="isuku">Marie Claire Joyeuse, [https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/mu-rwanda/article/nyamagabe-umurenge-wa-gasaka-wegukanye-imodoka-y-igihembo-cy-isuku-n-umutekano « Nyamagabe: Umurenge wa Gasaka wegukanye imodoka y’igihembo cy’isuku n’umutekano »], ''Kigali Today'', 21 Kamena 2024.</ref> Mu bikorwa byatumye umurenge uhabwa icyo gihembo harimo gutunganya ingo, kugira uturima tw’imboga n’ibiti by’imbuto, gusukura udusantere tw’ubucuruzi no kwitabira amarondo. Ibigo by’amashuri n’ibigo by’ubuvuzi na byo byitabiriye ibikorwa byo guhinga imbuto n’ibihumyo hagamijwe kurwanya igwingira mu bana.<ref name="isuku" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Nyamagabe|Gasaka]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Gasaka]] ndr6kvbzh65te8rbe2mt4z0puue9wci 0 8194 133946 113554 2026-07-21T22:33:04Z Score Beethoven 11559 133946 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:GisagaraDist.png|thumb|295x295px|Ikarita y’Akarere ka Gisagara, Umurenge wa Mugombwa uherereyemo.]] '''Umurenge wa Mugombwa''' ni umwe mu mirenge 13 igize [[Akarere ka Gisagara]], mu [[Intara y’Amajyepfo]] y’u Rwanda. == Abaturage == Mu ibarura rusange ry’abaturage n’imiturire ryo mu 2012, Umurenge wa Mugombwa wari utuwe n’abaturage 22.712. Mu 2022, abaturage bari bageze kuri 36.469, barimo abagore 19.353 n’abagabo 17.116.<ref name="abaturage">[https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/gisagara/2208__mugombwa/ « Mugombwa (Sector, Rwanda) »], ''City Population'', hashingiwe ku mibare y’Ikigo cy’Igihugu cy’Ibarurishamibare cy’u Rwanda.</ref> Ibarura ryo mu 2022 ryagaragaje ko abaturage bose b’Umurenge wa Mugombwa bari batuye mu bice by’icyaro.<ref name="abaturage" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Gisagara|Mugombwa]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Mugombwa]] efkqk09sva9s3v5jzat19hzkew6ezs5 0 8199 133952 103630 2026-07-21T22:44:43Z Score Beethoven 11559 133952 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:BureraDist.png|thumb|Ikarita y'akarere ka Burera ]] '''Umurenge wa Gahunga''' ni umwe mu mirenge 17 igize [[Akarere ka Burera]], mu [[Intara y’Amajyaruguru]] y’u Rwanda. == Imiterere y’ubuyobozi == Umurenge wa Gahunga ugizwe n’utugari dutanu:<ref>[https://gitlab.com/Bercove/rwanda-locations/-/blob/master/Rwanda_Locations.json « Rwanda Locations »], urutonde rw’inzego z’imitegekere y’u Rwanda, rwasuwe ku wa 21 Nyakanga 2026.</ref> * Buramba * Gisizi * Kidakama * Nyangwe * Rwasa == Abaturage == Mu ibarura rusange ry’abaturage ryo mu 2012, Umurenge wa Gahunga wari utuwe n’abaturage 25.637. Mu ibarura ryo mu 2022, abaturage bariyongereye bagera kuri 28.059, barimo abagore 14.777 n’abagabo 13.282.<ref name="population">[https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/burera/4405__gahunga/ « Gahunga (Sector, Rwanda) »], ''City Population'', amakuru akomoka mu Kigo cy’Igihugu cy’Ibarurishamibare cy’u Rwanda, yasuwe ku wa 21 Nyakanga 2026.</ref> Muri abo baturage, 22.209 bari batuye mu cyaro, naho 5.850 batuye mu gice cy’umujyi. Abari munsi y’imyaka 15 bari 10.006, abafite hagati y’imyaka 15 na 64 bari 16.635, naho abafite imyaka 65 cyangwa irenga bari 1.418.<ref name="population" /> == Ibikorwa remezo == Mu 2012, abaturage 270 bo mu tugari twa Nyangwe na Buramba bakusanyije amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni 160 kugira ngo imidugudu irindwi yo muri ibyo bice igezweho amashanyarazi. Umuyoboro wari uteganyijwe ku burebure bwa kilometero eshanu.<ref>[https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/66170/National/gahunga-residents-raise-rwf160million-for-power-connection « Gahunga residents raise Rwf160 million for power connection »], ''The New Times'', 13 Mutarama 2012.</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Burera|Gahunga]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Gahunga]] bqaax67derbdp2rcgspz63cr2wnngee 0 8248 133943 77717 2026-07-21T22:30:32Z Score Beethoven 11559 133943 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Muhanga_Business_City_Monument.jpg|thumb|Ikibumbano kiri mu mujyi wa Muhanga, igice cyawo kikaba giherereye mu Murenge wa Shyogwe.]] '''Umurenge wa Shyogwe''' ni umwe mu mirenge 12 igize [[Akarere ka Muhanga]], mu [[Intara y’Amajyepfo]] y’u Rwanda. Igice cyawo kiri mu mujyi wa Muhanga, ikindi kikaba kigizwe n’uduce tw’icyaro. == Imiterere y’ubuyobozi == Umurenge wa Shyogwe ugizwe n’utugari tune: * Kinini; * Mbare; * Mubuga; * Ruli. == Abaturage == Mu ibarura rusange ry’abaturage n’imiturire ryo mu 2012, Umurenge wa Shyogwe wari utuwe n’abaturage 44.771. Mu 2022, abaturage bari bageze kuri 50.966, barimo abagabo 27.407 n’abagore 23.559.<ref name="abaturage">[https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/muhanga/2712__shyogwe/ « Shyogwe (Sector, Rwanda) »], ''City Population'', hashingiwe ku mibare y’Ikigo cy’Igihugu cy’Ibarurishamibare cy’u Rwanda.</ref> Muri abo baturage bo mu 2022, abari batuye mu bice by’umujyi bari 33.573 naho abari batuye mu bice by’icyaro bari 17.393.<ref name="abaturage" /> == Ibikorwa remezo == Ku wa 31 Nyakanga 2025, hatashywe ikiraro cyo mu kirere gifite uburebure bwa metero 65 gihuza Umurenge wa Shyogwe n’Umurenge wa Byimana wo mu Karere ka Ruhango. Icyo kiraro cyari kigenewe koroshya ingendo z’abaturage bajya ku isoko ryo mu Kinini no ku Kigo Nderabuzima cya Shyogwe.<ref>[https://www.muhanga.gov.rw/soma-ibindi/hatashywe-ikiraro-cyo-mu-kirere-gihuza-akarere-ka-muhanga-na-ruhango « Hatashywe ikiraro cyo mu kirere gihuza Akarere ka Muhanga na Ruhango »], Akarere ka Muhanga, 31 Nyakanga 2025.</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Muhanga|Shyogwe]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Shyogwe]] m5gzv2lfglewwnb1zmd4ved2uajgqd3 0 8302 133939 77690 2026-07-21T22:14:13Z Score Beethoven 11559 133939 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:RW_Nyamagabe_(Gikongoro)_(2).jpg|thumb|Agace ko mu Karere ka Nyamagabe, mu Ntara y’Amajyepfo.]] [[Dosiye:NyamagabeDist.png|thumb|Ikarita y’Akarere ka Nyamagabe, Umurenge wa Kamegeri uherereyemo.]] [[Dosiye:Kitabi_-_Nyaruguru_hills.jpg|thumb|Imisozi n’imyaka y’icyayi mu gace ka Kitabi, mu Karere ka Nyamagabe.]] '''Umurenge wa Kamegeri''' ni umwe mu mirenge 17 igize [[Akarere ka Nyamagabe]], mu [[Intara y’Amajyepfo]] y’u Rwanda. Ni umurenge w’icyaro. == Imiterere y’ubuyobozi == Urubuga rwemewe rw’Akarere ka Nyamagabe rushyira Kamegeri ku rutonde rw’imirenge 17 igize ako karere.<ref>[https://www.nyamagabe.gov.rw/ « Akarere ka Nyamagabe »], urubuga rwemewe rw’Akarere ka Nyamagabe.</ref> Umurenge wa Kamegeri ugizwe n’utugari dutanu: * Bwama; * Kamegeri; * Kizi; * Nyarusiza; * Rususa. == Abaturage == Mu ibarura rusange ry’abaturage n’imiturire ryo mu 2012, Umurenge wa Kamegeri wari utuwe n’abaturage 13.579. Mu 2022, abaturage bari bageze kuri 14.400, barimo abagore 7.618 n’abagabo 6.782.<ref name="abaturage">[https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/nyamagabe/2506__kamegeri/ « Kamegeri (Sector, Rwanda) »], ''City Population'', hashingiwe ku mibare y’Ikigo cy’Igihugu cy’Ibarurishamibare cy’u Rwanda.</ref> Ibarura ryo mu 2022 ryagaragaje ko abaturage bose b’umurenge bari batuye mu bice by’icyaro.<ref name="abaturage" /> == Ibikorwa n’ubukungu == Ubuhinzi n’ubworozi biri mu bikorwa by’ingenzi by’abaturage bo mu Murenge wa Kamegeri. Amashyamba na yo agira uruhare mu bukungu bw’ako gace, ariko abaturage bagashishikarizwa kuyabungabunga no gutera ibiti. == Imibereho y’abaturage == Ku wa 13 Gicurasi 2025, ubuyobozi bw’Intara y’Amajyepfo n’ubw’Akarere ka Nyamagabe bwagiranye inteko n’abaturage mu Kagari ka Bwama. Muri iyo nama, abaturage bashishikarijwe gukorera hamwe, kwizigamira, kujyana abana ku ishuri no kwitabira gahunda z’ubwisungane mu kwivuza.<ref>[https://www.nyamagabe.gov.rw/default-title-9/kamegeri-guverineri-kayitesi-yasabye-abaturage-gukorera-hamwe « Kamegeri: Guverineri Kayitesi yasabye abaturage gukorera hamwe »], Akarere ka Nyamagabe, 13 Gicurasi 2025.</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Nyamagabe|Kamegeri]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Kamegeri]] hlusmy4xp0tl19dtmnsasfxs8ve2ss7 0 8312 133933 77973 2026-07-21T20:55:33Z Score Beethoven 11559 133933 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Panorama_of_Valley_View_-_Huye-Butare_-_Southern_Rwanda.jpg|thumb|229x229px|Agace ko mu Karere ka Huye, mu Ntara y’Amajyepfo.]] '''Umurenge wa Kigoma''' ni umwe mu mirenge igize [[Akarere ka Huye]], mu [[Intara y’Amajyepfo]]. eefd71q3hmvl67dwup73d2x54x2ivkx 133934 133933 2026-07-21T20:58:43Z Score Beethoven 11559 133934 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Panorama_of_Valley_View_-_Huye-Butare_-_Southern_Rwanda.jpg|thumb|229x229px|Agace ko mu Karere ka Huye, mu Ntara y’Amajyepfo.]] '''Umurenge wa Kigoma''' ni umwe mu mirenge 14 igize [[Akarere ka Huye]], mu [[Intara y’Amajyepfo]]. Icyicaro cyawo giherereye mu Kagari ka Musebeya. == Ubuyobozi == Urubuga rwemewe rw’Akarere ka Huye rushyira Kigoma ku rutonde rw’imirenge 14 igize ako karere.<ref name="Huye">[https://www.huye.gov.rw/menya-akarere « Menya Akarere ka Huye »], urubuga rwemewe rw’Akarere ka Huye.</ref> Umurenge wa Kigoma ugizwe n’utugari umunani: * Gishihe; * Kabatwa; * Kabuga; * Karambi; * Musebeya; * Nyabisindu; * Rugarama; * Shanga.<ref name="Huye" /> == Abaturage == Mu ibarura rusange ry’abaturage n’imiturire ryo mu 2022, Umurenge wa Kigoma wari utuwe n’abaturage 25.455, bavuye ku 24.786 bari bahabaruwe mu 2012. Umurenge ufite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 51,09.<ref>[https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/ « Rwanda: Administrative Division in Sectors »], ''City Population'', hashingiwe ku mibare y’Ikigo cy’Igihugu cy’Ibarurishamibare cy’u Rwanda.</ref> == Imikino == Mu 2023, ikipe y’abakobwa y’Umurenge wa Kigoma yegukanye igikombe cy’Intara y’Amajyepfo mu marushanwa ya Umurenge Kagame Cup, nyuma yo gutsinda ikipe y’Umurenge wa Mukindo wo mu Karere ka Gisagara.<ref>[https://www.huye.gov.rw/default-title-9/umurenge-wa-kigoma-watwaye-igikombe-mu-ntara-yamajyepfo-cyirushanwa-umurenge-kagame-cup « Umurenge wa Kigoma watwaye igikombe mu Ntara y’Amajyepfo cy’irushanwa “Umurenge Kagame Cup” »], Akarere ka Huye, 13 Gicurasi 2023.</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Huye|Kigoma]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Kigoma]] 7u6xx5k8oo15707vbeq7x2rojjdpjer 0 8321 133950 131564 2026-07-21T22:38:45Z Score Beethoven 11559 133950 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:GakenkeDist.png|thumb|Ikarita y’Akarere ka Gakenke, Umurenge wa Nemba uherereyemo.|280x280px]] [[Dosiye:Farmers_to_the_market,Gakenke,_Rwanda.jpg|thumb|Abahinzi bajya ku isoko mu Karere ka Gakenke.]] [[Dosiye:LL-Q33573 (kin)-Anne Peline-Nemba.wav|thumb|Izina « Nemba » rivugwa mu Kinyarwanda.]] '''Umurenge wa Nemba''' ni umwe mu mirenge 19 igize [[Akarere ka Gakenke]], mu [[Intara y’Amajyaruguru]] y’u Rwanda. == Imiterere y’ubuyobozi == Umurenge wa Nemba ugizwe n’utugari tune: * Buranga * Gahinga * Gisozi * Mucaca Akarere ka Gakenke muri rusange kagizwe n’imirenge 19, utugari 97 n’imidugudu 617.<ref>[https://www.gakenke.gov.rw/en/translate-to-english-akarere/about-district « About District »], Akarere ka Gakenke, yasuwe ku wa 21 Nyakanga 2026.</ref> == Abaturage == Mu ibarura rusange ry’abaturage ryo mu 2012, Umurenge wa Nemba wari utuwe n’abaturage 15.643. Mu ibarura ryo mu 2022, abaturage bariyongereye bagera kuri 16.854.<ref>[https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/42__gakenke/ « Gakenke District: subdivision »], ''City Population'', amakuru akomoka mu Kigo cy’Igihugu cy’Ibarurishamibare cy’u Rwanda, yasuwe ku wa 21 Nyakanga 2026.</ref> == Ibikorwa remezo == Ibitaro by’Akarere bya Nemba biherereye mu Kagari ka Mucaca. Ni bimwe mu bitaro bitatu by’uturere bikorera mu Karere ka Gakenke, hamwe n’Ibitaro bya Gatonde n’Ibitaro bya Ruli.<ref>[https://www.moh.gov.rw/affiliates-teaching-hospitals/hospitals « Public Hospitals in Rwanda »], Minisiteri y’Ubuzima y’u Rwanda, yasuwe ku wa 21 Nyakanga 2026.</ref> Bitanga serivisi zirimo ubutabazi bwihutirwa, kubaga, kuvura abana, kubyaza, ubuvuzi bw’amenyo, ubuvuzi bw’amaso na serivisi za laboratwari.<ref>[https://www.nembahospital.rw/1/services/clinical-services « Clinical services »], Ibitaro bya Nemba, yasuwe ku wa 21 Nyakanga 2026.</ref> Umuhanda ureshya na kilometero 2,15 uhuza isantere ya Gakenke n’ikibuga cy’umupira cya Nemba. Igice cyawo gikomeza kigana ku Bitaro bya Nemba, Paruwasi ya Nemba n’ibigo by’amashuri byo muri uwo murenge.<ref>[https://www.gakenke.gov.rw/soma-ibindi/gakenke-abaturage-barishimira-ikorwa-ryumuhanda-gakenke-centre-nemba « Gakenke: Abaturage barishimira ikorwa ry’umuhanda Gakenke Centre–Nemba »], Akarere ka Gakenke, yasuwe ku wa 21 Nyakanga 2026.</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Gakenke|Nemba]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Nemba]] 8eggm683rlwkurhijmhvgw506rmfpvl 0 8380 133860 131755 2026-07-20T14:39:32Z Donatha Neza 18420 kunoza imyandikire 133860 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:GasaboDist.png|thumb|akarere ka Gasabo]] [[Dosiye:An aerial of Kigali Convention Center on June 19, 2019. Photo by Emmanuel Kwizera.jpg|thumb|U [[Rwanda|RWANDA]] RWA GASABO]] [[Dosiye:Flag of Rwanda.svg|center|thumb|320x320px|rwanda]] Gasabo ni akarere kari mu mujyi wa [[Kigali]], [[umurwa]] mukuru w'u [[Rwanda]]. Ibiro by' akarere ka Gasabo biherereye mu murenge wa Kimironko. Aka karere kandi karimo uduce twinshi tw'umujyi ubwawo, twavuga nka Kacyiru, [[Remera, Kigali|Remera]], Nyarutarama na [[Kimihurura]] n'ahandi henshi . Muraka karere niho hubatswe urwibutso rwa [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside]] rwa Gisozi, ahashyinguwe inzirakarengane zigera (300000) byazize jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994. Hari kandi bimwe mu bimenyetso bigize amateka ya jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Akarere ka Gasabo kandi, ni kamwe mu turere dutatu (3) tugize [[Kigali|umujyi wa Kigali]]. Gasabo igizwe n'imirenge cumi n'itanu (15) ariyo<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://gasabo.gov.rw/index.php?id=83 |accessdate=2020-07-15 |archive-date=2020-07-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200715201035/https://gasabo.gov.rw/index.php?id=83 |deadurl=yes }}</ref>; '''AMWE MU MATEKA''' Mu gihe cya jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu mwaka wa 1994, Akarere ka Gasabo kitwaga komini Gikomero. Yagabanyijwemo imirenge 10: Bumbogo, Gasabo, Gicaca, Gikomero, Gishaka, Kayanga, Nduba, Rutunga, Sha na Shango Ariko uyu munsi, akarere ka Gasabo kagabanijwemo imirenge 15 (imirenge): Bumbogo, Gatsata, Jali, Gikomero, Gisozi, Jabana, Kinyinya, Ndera, Nduba, Rusororo, Rutunga, Kacyiru, Kimihurura, Kimironko na Remera. '''IMITERERE''' [[Dosiye:Gasabo_morning_sunrise.jpg|thumb|Gasabo morning sunrise]] Aka karere karangwa no kuvanga imisozi miremire ifite uburebure bwa metero 1.800 cyane cyane iherereye mu cyaro, ibibaya bigororotse n’ibibaya. Ifite ibishanga birenga 30 n' inzuzi nto zinyura mu mibande. [[Umugezi]] munini udasanzwe ufite uburebure bwa 50Km na 1.000M z'ubugari ni wo ukomoka mu kiyaga cya Muhazi ukanyura mu mibande y'ibishanga na boggy mbere yo kwisuka mu ruzi rwa Nyabugogo hanyuma ugahuza n'umugezi wa Nyabarongo. Na none, ikiyaga cya [[Umuhanzi Kamariza|Muhanzi]] mu majyaruguru no mu burasirazuba gihana imbibi n'akarere ka Gasabo. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, andi masoko y'amazi afite akamaro ni: Umugezi wa Rusumo muri Rugende urangirira mu ruzi rwa Akagera, uruzi rwa Buliza unyura mu bigo bya Karuruma, Umulindi na Rusine mbere yo kwisuka mu ruzi rwa Nyabugogo. Ibi bishanga cyangwa ibishanga bitanga amahirwe mukarere niba bigaruwe neza bishobora kuzamura cyangwa kongera umusaruro w' ubuhinzi, guteza imbere ubukerarugendo, guteza imbere ibidukikije . Ifite ibihe bibiri byingenzi byikirere mu mwaka, aribyo ibihe byizuba nimvura. Ibihe bibiri by'ikirere bigenda bisimburana mu mwaka, bityo akarere kagira ibihe bibiri byumye n'ibihe by'imvura nkuko byasobanuwe hano habanza. '''Imbibi z' akarere ka Gasabo''' Gasabo iri mu burasirazuba bw'amajyaruguru y'Umujyi wa Kigali kandi ihana imbibi n'akarere ka [[Akarere ka Kicukiro|Kicukiro]] (Amajyepfo), Nyarugenge (Uburengerazuba bw'Amajyepfo), Rwamagana (Amajyepfo y'uburasirazuba), Rulindo (Amajyaruguru y'Uburengerazuba) na Gicumbi (Amajyaruguru y'Uburasirazuba). Ubuso bw'akarere ni 429.2 km2 muri bwo igice kinini ni icyaro (84%) mu gihe igice gito kigereranya umujyi wateye imbere (16%) Ibikorwa remezo biherereye mu Karere ka Gasabo Akarere ka Gasabo kagiye kuzamura no kuvugurura ibikorwa remezo by’akarere bijyanye n' igishushanyo mbonera cy’Umujyi wa Kigali nk’amashuri, imihanda, ibitaro, amazu, amatorero, uturere tw’ubukerarugendo, urwibutso, amasoko, [[Stade Amahoro]], etc... 1.[[Umurenge wa Bumbogo|Bumbogo]] 2.[https://web.archive.org/web/20200717043322/https://gasabo.gov.rw/index.php?id=158 Gatsata] 3.[https://web.archive.org/web/20200717044759/https://gasabo.gov.rw/index.php?id=159 Gikomero] 4.Gisozi 5.Jabana 6.Jali 7.Kimihurura [[File:Cargo_Bike_rider_in_kigali.jpg|thumb|kacyiru umwe mu mirenge ibarizwa muri Gasabo]] 8.[[Umurenge wa Kacyiru|Kacyiru]] [[Umurenge wa Mageragere|9.Kimironko]] 10.Kinyinya 11.Remera 12.Rutunga 13.Nduba 14.Ndera 15.Rusoro = Ubukerarugendo mu Karere ka Gasabo = == Amakuru y'ibanze == '''Akarere ka Gasabo''' ni kimwe mu turere 3 tugize '''Umujyi wa Kigali''', mu Rwanda. Ni akarere kagari kandi gifite abaturage benshi muri ako gahugu, gahuza imiturire y'umujyi, amateka, n'ibyiza bitandukanye. Gasabo ari ho haboneka ibigo by'ingenzi by'ubucuruzi, umuco, no [[ubukerarugendo mu Rwanda]]. == Ahantu h'ubukerarugendo mu Karere ka Gasabo == === 1. Urwibutso rwa Jenoside (Gisozi) === 📍 ''Ahantu: Gisozi'' '''Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa kigali''' ni ahantu h'abanyarwanda benshi basura kugirango bibuke abazize yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994. Hari amashusho yerekana amateka y'u Rwanda, jenoside, n'ingamba zo guhuza abanyarwanda. === 2. Umusozi wa Kigali === 📍 ''Ahantu: Ndera'' '''Umusozi wa Kigali''' ni ahantu h'abantu basura kenshi bafite umwete wo gusiganwa. Abashaka gushaka ibishimishije bashobora gusiganwa, gutwara [[igare]], cyangwa gukina zip-line ku '''Kigali Heights'''. === 3. Inzu y'ubugeni ya Niyo === 📍 ''Ahantu: Kacyiru'' Iyi zu y'ubugeni ishimangira abanyamakuru b'u Rwanda n'Abanyafurika, ifite amashusho, amahugurwa, n'amakinamico y'umuco. === 4. Inzu y'amateka y'Inteko ishinga amategeko (Kanombe) === 📍 ''Ahantu: Kanombe'' Iyi zu yari inyubako y'Inteko ishinga amategeko [[Juvénal Habyarimana]], ubu ni musigo w'amateka werekana ibintu by'ingenzi byateye inkuru mu mateka y'u Rwanda n'ibyabaye mbere ya jenoside yo mu 1994. === 5. Pariki y'ibidukikije ya Nyandungu === 📍 ''Ahantu: Kinyinya'' Ni pariki yahinduwe ikaba ifite inzira zo kugendera, ibyaro by'amagare, n'ahantu ho kureba inyoni, ishimangira kubungabunga ibidukikije. === 6. Inzu y'ibiganiro ya Kigali na Radisson Blu === 📍 ''Ahantu: Kimihurura'' Iyi zu ni ikimenyetso cy'ubwubatsi bw'indege, ifite ibigo by'ibiganiro mpuzamahanga, amahoteli y'indege, n'ahantu ho kureba Kigali ku kirere. == Amahoteli n'ubwizigame == Gasabo ifite amahoteli y'indege ('''Radisson Blu, Marriott, Serena'''), amazu y'ubukerarugendo, n'amahoteli y'abakene. Akarere niho haboneka n'ibyari bya kawa, amahoteli, n'ibyokurya bitandukanye mu turere twa '''Kimihurura''' na '''Remera'''. == Uburyo bwo kugenda == * '''Akarere ka Kanombe''' gifite '''ikibuga cy'indege mpuzamahanga cya Kigali (KGL)'''. * Imodoka z'abagenda mu mujyi zirimo '''moto-taxi''' na '''bisi z'umujyi'''. * Gasabo ihuza neza n'andi turere yo mu Rwanda bikoresheje imihanda mikuru * * * Gasabo, kamwe mu turere tw'ingenzi mu mujyi wa Kigali, umujyi mukuru w'u Rwanda, ni ahantu hatera imbere cyane mu bijyanye n'ubukerarugendo, kubera ubuhanga bwayo bwo guhon'ubwiza bw'ibidukikije, amateka akomeye, n'ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga. Abashyitsi basura Gasabo bashobora kuryoherwa n'ubwiza bw'akarere, ahantu h'ingenzi mu mateka, ndetse n'uburyo umuco w'u Rwanda uhora ugaragazwa mu buzima bwa buri munsi. * '''<u>''<big>Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kigal</big>''i</u>''' Ikintu cy'ingenzi mu bijyanye n'ubukerarugendo muri Gasabo ni '''Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kigali''' ruherereye mu gace ka Gisozi. uru ni urwibutso rwa amateka mabi ya Jenoside yo mu 1994, aho abantu barenga 1,000,000 bishwe mu gihe cy'iminsi ijana gusa. Ni ahantu ho kwibuka, gusobanukirwa no kwiga amateka y'iki gice cy'ubuzima bw'u Rwanda. Urwibutso rusobanura amateka y’ubuzima bw'abanyarwanda nyuma ya Jenoside, rugaragaza ubuzima bw'abacitse ku icumu ndetse n'ababashije kwiyubaka nyuma y’ibyabaye. Ni ahantu hashimangira imbaraga z'ubumwe no kwiyubaka u Rwanda rwabashije kugeraho nyuma ya Jenoside. * '''<big><u>Ubwiza Nyaburanga n’Imisozi Isukuye</u></big>''' Gasabo izwi cyane ku bwiza bw’ibidukikije. Mu Rwanda, ruzwi nk'[[igihugu]] cy'imisozi ibihumbi, ubuzima bwiza bw'ubutaka bugaragara mu misozi, imirambi, n'ibiyaga byiza bya Gasabo. Abashyitsi bashobora kugenda mu masangano yo ku misozi bakishimira ibyiza by'ibiyaga n'ubushyuhe bw'ikirere, aho bashobora kubona ibyiza byo mu gihugu bitandukanye. Ibi bituma Gasabo iba ahantu heza ho kujya kureba ibyiza nyaburanga mu gihe umuntu ashaka kuruhuka no kwishimira ishusho nziza y’igihugu. * '''<big><u>Imyidagaduro n’Umuco</u></big>''' Abashyitsi bashaka kwinjira mu muco w'u Rwanda bashobora kugirira ibihe byiza muri Gasabo, aho usanga imiryango y'ababyinnyi gakondo, igaragariza abanyamahanga imbyino n'imyidagaduro y'abanyarwanda. Iyo myidagaduro ikorwa n’abahanga mu buhanzi, bigaragaza umuco n’imihango gakondo y’u Rwanda. Gasabo kandi ifite amasoko menshi arimo ibikoresho by'ubugeni byakozwe n’abahanzi bo mu karere, imikandara, n'ibikoresho by'ubugeni bikunze kuba impano nziza ku bashyitsi. Abashyitsi bashobora kandi gusura resitora zitandukanye, aho bashobora gusangira ibiryo by’umwimerere birimo '''Isombe''' n’'''Ibihaza''', ibyo bivanze n’ibinyomoro byaho. * '''<big><u>Ibikoresho by’Ikoranabuhanga n’Ubucuruzi</u></big>''' Muri Gasabo kandi, usanga amahoteli meza, amahoteri, n’ibigo by’ubucuruzi bya kijyambere bitanga serivisi nziza kandi zigezweho. Gasabo ifite ibikorwa byinshi by'ubucuruzi n'amaduka byorohereza abashyitsi kubona ibikenewe byose, yaba ku baherereye mu byiciro by'ubukungu butandukanye. Ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi n’amahoteli bishobora gutanga amahirwe yo kuryoherwa no gusurirwa mu buryo bworoshye. * '''<big><u>Ubukungu bw’Ubukerarugendo</u></big>''' Ubukerarugendo muri Gasabo bufite uruhare runini mu bukungu bw’igihugu. Iki gice cyubaka ubukungu butanga akazi ku baturage bo mu karere, ndetse n’ishingiro ry’ubukungu bushya, birimo ibikorwa bya serivisi z’ubukerarugendo, gutanga ibisubizo ku buryo bwiza bw’imyidagaduro no kugaragaza umuco. Gahunda yo guteza imbere ubukerarugendo burambye mu Rwanda irimo kubungabunga ibidukikije n’ubuzima bwa [[Ikinyarwanda|kinyarwanda]] mu buryo bworoshye. '''<big><u>Ubukerarugendo Burambye</u></big>''' Ubukerarugendo burambye ni icyerekezo gikomeye muri Gasabo, ahantu hifashishwa ibikorwa byinshi byiza kandi byita ku kubungabunga ibidukikije no ku musaruro w’amateka y’u Rwanda. U Rwanda rwagiye rwemerwa ku rwego mpuzamahanga kubera gahunda rufite zo kurinda ibidukikije no kubungabunga ibinyabuzima bidasanzwe, cyane cyane [[ingagi zo mu birunga]]. Nubwo Gasabo itarimo ingagi, igice cy’amajyambere giha abashyitsi amahirwe yo kugera ku bikorwa nk'ibyo no gufasha kubungabunga umutekano w’ibidukikije. * '''<big><u>Umwanzuro</u></big>''' Gasabo si ikicaro cy’ubukungu n’imiyoborere ya Kigali gusa, ahubwo ni n’ahantu hateguwe neza mu bijyanye n'ubukerarugendo, hatanga imiryango myiza y'ubukerarugendo bw'amateka, imyidagaduro, ndetse n'ibyo ushobora kwishimira. Ubukerarugendo muri Gasabo bugaragaza uburyo igihugu cyiyubatse nyuma y’amateka mabi, kikaba ikitegererezo cyiza ku bindi bihugu. Abashyitsi baturutse impande zose z'isi bazagerageza kumenya byinshi byerekeye amateka, umuco, ndetse n’ubwiza nyaburanga bw’u Rwanda binyuze mu guhura n’ibyo Gasabo ifite byose. ==Imiyoboro== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Akarere ka Gasabo| ]] 3clky88dh1fyanizbv8rwl0a2ea4ot6 133865 133860 2026-07-20T15:06:16Z Donatha Neza 18420 Kunoza imyandikire no kongeramo amakuru mashya 133865 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:GasaboDist.png|thumb|akarere ka Gasabo]] [[Dosiye:An aerial of Kigali Convention Center on June 19, 2019. Photo by Emmanuel Kwizera.jpg|thumb|U [[Rwanda|RWANDA]] RWA GASABO]] [[Dosiye:Flag of Rwanda.svg|center|thumb|320x320px|rwanda]] Gasabo ni kamwe mu turere dutatu tugize umujyi wa [[Kigali]], [[umurwa]] mukuru w'u [[Rwanda]]. Aka karere gaherereye mu Majyaruguru ashyira Iburasirazuba y'umujyi wa Kigali, ndetse ibiro byako biherereye mu murenge wa Remera, mu Kagari ka Nyarutarama. Aka karere kandi gahana imbibi n'uturere tune turimo: [[Akarere ka Nyarugenge|Nyarugenge]]: mu Burengerazuba, mu Majyepfo: [[Akarere ka Kicukiro|Kicukiro]], Mu majyaruguru: [[Akarere ka Gicumbi|Gicumbi]], mu Majyaruguru: [[Akarere ka Rwamagana|Rwamagana]]. karimo uduce twinshi tw'umujyi ubwawo, twavuga nka Kacyiru, [[Remera, Kigali|Remera]], Nyarutarama na [[Kimihurura]] n'ahandi henshi . Muraka karere niho hubatswe urwibutso rwa [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside]] rwa Gisozi, ahashyinguwe inzirakarengane zigera (300000) byazize jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994. Hari kandi bimwe mu bimenyetso bigize amateka ya jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Akarere ka Gasabo kandi, ni kamwe mu turere dutatu (3) tugize [[Kigali|umujyi wa Kigali]]. Gasabo igizwe n'imirenge cumi n'itanu (15) ariyo<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://gasabo.gov.rw/index.php?id=83 |accessdate=2020-07-15 |archive-date=2020-07-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200715201035/https://gasabo.gov.rw/index.php?id=83 |deadurl=yes }}</ref>; '''AMWE MU MATEKA''' Mu gihe cya jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu mwaka wa 1994, Akarere ka Gasabo kitwaga komini Gikomero. Yagabanyijwemo imirenge 10: Bumbogo, Gasabo, Gicaca, Gikomero, Gishaka, Kayanga, Nduba, Rutunga, Sha na Shango Ariko uyu munsi, akarere ka Gasabo kagabanijwemo imirenge 15 (imirenge): Bumbogo, Gatsata, Jali, Gikomero, Gisozi, Jabana, Kinyinya, Ndera, Nduba, Rusororo, Rutunga, Kacyiru, Kimihurura, Kimironko na Remera. '''IMITERERE''' [[Dosiye:Gasabo_morning_sunrise.jpg|thumb|Gasabo morning sunrise]] Aka karere karangwa no kuvanga imisozi miremire ifite uburebure bwa metero 1.800 cyane cyane iherereye mu cyaro, ibibaya bigororotse n’ibibaya. Ifite ibishanga birenga 30 n' inzuzi nto zinyura mu mibande. [[Umugezi]] munini udasanzwe ufite uburebure bwa 50Km na 1.000M z'ubugari ni wo ukomoka mu kiyaga cya Muhazi ukanyura mu mibande y'ibishanga na boggy mbere yo kwisuka mu ruzi rwa Nyabugogo hanyuma ugahuza n'umugezi wa Nyabarongo. Na none, ikiyaga cya [[Umuhanzi Kamariza|Muhanzi]] mu majyaruguru no mu burasirazuba gihana imbibi n'akarere ka Gasabo. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, andi masoko y'amazi afite akamaro ni: Umugezi wa Rusumo muri Rugende urangirira mu ruzi rwa Akagera, uruzi rwa Buliza unyura mu bigo bya Karuruma, Umulindi na Rusine mbere yo kwisuka mu ruzi rwa Nyabugogo. Ibi bishanga cyangwa ibishanga bitanga amahirwe mukarere niba bigaruwe neza bishobora kuzamura cyangwa kongera umusaruro w' ubuhinzi, guteza imbere ubukerarugendo, guteza imbere ibidukikije . Ifite ibihe bibiri byingenzi byikirere mu mwaka, aribyo ibihe byizuba nimvura. Ibihe bibiri by'ikirere bigenda bisimburana mu mwaka, bityo akarere kagira ibihe bibiri byumye n'ibihe by'imvura nkuko byasobanuwe hano habanza. '''Imbibi z' akarere ka Gasabo''' Gasabo iri mu burasirazuba bw'amajyaruguru y'Umujyi wa Kigali kandi ihana imbibi n'akarere ka [[Akarere ka Kicukiro|Kicukiro]] (Amajyepfo), Nyarugenge (Uburengerazuba bw'Amajyepfo), Rwamagana (Amajyepfo y'uburasirazuba), Rulindo (Amajyaruguru y'Uburengerazuba) na Gicumbi (Amajyaruguru y'Uburasirazuba). Ubuso bw'akarere ni 429.2 km2 muri bwo igice kinini ni icyaro (84%) mu gihe igice gito kigereranya umujyi wateye imbere (16%) Ibikorwa remezo biherereye mu Karere ka Gasabo Akarere ka Gasabo kagiye kuzamura no kuvugurura ibikorwa remezo by’akarere bijyanye n' igishushanyo mbonera cy’Umujyi wa Kigali nk’amashuri, imihanda, ibitaro, amazu, amatorero, uturere tw’ubukerarugendo, urwibutso, amasoko, [[Stade Amahoro]], etc... 1.[[Umurenge wa Bumbogo|Bumbogo]] 2.[https://web.archive.org/web/20200717043322/https://gasabo.gov.rw/index.php?id=158 Gatsata] 3.[https://web.archive.org/web/20200717044759/https://gasabo.gov.rw/index.php?id=159 Gikomero] 4.Gisozi 5.Jabana 6.Jali 7.Kimihurura [[File:Cargo_Bike_rider_in_kigali.jpg|thumb|kacyiru umwe mu mirenge ibarizwa muri Gasabo]] 8.[[Umurenge wa Kacyiru|Kacyiru]] [[Umurenge wa Mageragere|9.Kimironko]] 10.Kinyinya 11.Remera 12.Rutunga 13.Nduba 14.Ndera 15.Rusoro = Ubukerarugendo mu Karere ka Gasabo = == Amakuru y'ibanze == '''Akarere ka Gasabo''' ni kimwe mu turere 3 tugize '''Umujyi wa Kigali''', mu Rwanda. Ni akarere kagari kandi gifite abaturage benshi muri ako gahugu, gahuza imiturire y'umujyi, amateka, n'ibyiza bitandukanye. Gasabo ari ho haboneka ibigo by'ingenzi by'ubucuruzi, umuco, no [[ubukerarugendo mu Rwanda]]. == Ahantu h'ubukerarugendo mu Karere ka Gasabo == === 1. Urwibutso rwa Jenoside (Gisozi) === 📍 ''Ahantu: Gisozi'' '''Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa kigali''' ni ahantu h'abanyarwanda benshi basura kugirango bibuke abazize yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994. Hari amashusho yerekana amateka y'u Rwanda, jenoside, n'ingamba zo guhuza abanyarwanda. === 2. Umusozi wa Kigali === 📍 ''Ahantu: Ndera'' '''Umusozi wa Kigali''' ni ahantu h'abantu basura kenshi bafite umwete wo gusiganwa. Abashaka gushaka ibishimishije bashobora gusiganwa, gutwara [[igare]], cyangwa gukina zip-line ku '''Kigali Heights'''. === 3. Inzu y'ubugeni ya Niyo === 📍 ''Ahantu: Kacyiru'' Iyi zu y'ubugeni ishimangira abanyamakuru b'u Rwanda n'Abanyafurika, ifite amashusho, amahugurwa, n'amakinamico y'umuco. === 4. Inzu y'amateka y'Inteko ishinga amategeko (Kanombe) === 📍 ''Ahantu: Kanombe'' Iyi zu yari inyubako y'Inteko ishinga amategeko [[Juvénal Habyarimana]], ubu ni musigo w'amateka werekana ibintu by'ingenzi byateye inkuru mu mateka y'u Rwanda n'ibyabaye mbere ya jenoside yo mu 1994. === 5. Pariki y'ibidukikije ya Nyandungu === 📍 ''Ahantu: Kinyinya'' Ni pariki yahinduwe ikaba ifite inzira zo kugendera, ibyaro by'amagare, n'ahantu ho kureba inyoni, ishimangira kubungabunga ibidukikije. === 6. Inzu y'ibiganiro ya Kigali na Radisson Blu === 📍 ''Ahantu: Kimihurura'' Iyi zu ni ikimenyetso cy'ubwubatsi bw'indege, ifite ibigo by'ibiganiro mpuzamahanga, amahoteli y'indege, n'ahantu ho kureba Kigali ku kirere. == Amahoteli n'ubwizigame == Gasabo ifite amahoteli y'indege ('''Radisson Blu, Marriott, Serena'''), amazu y'ubukerarugendo, n'amahoteli y'abakene. Akarere niho haboneka n'ibyari bya kawa, amahoteli, n'ibyokurya bitandukanye mu turere twa '''Kimihurura''' na '''Remera'''. == Uburyo bwo kugenda == * '''Akarere ka Kanombe''' gifite '''ikibuga cy'indege mpuzamahanga cya Kigali (KGL)'''. * Imodoka z'abagenda mu mujyi zirimo '''moto-taxi''' na '''bisi z'umujyi'''. * Gasabo ihuza neza n'andi turere yo mu Rwanda bikoresheje imihanda mikuru * * * Gasabo, kamwe mu turere tw'ingenzi mu mujyi wa Kigali, umujyi mukuru w'u Rwanda, ni ahantu hatera imbere cyane mu bijyanye n'ubukerarugendo, kubera ubuhanga bwayo bwo guhon'ubwiza bw'ibidukikije, amateka akomeye, n'ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga. Abashyitsi basura Gasabo bashobora kuryoherwa n'ubwiza bw'akarere, ahantu h'ingenzi mu mateka, ndetse n'uburyo umuco w'u Rwanda uhora ugaragazwa mu buzima bwa buri munsi. * '''<u>''<big>Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kigal</big>''i</u>''' Ikintu cy'ingenzi mu bijyanye n'ubukerarugendo muri Gasabo ni '''Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kigali''' ruherereye mu gace ka Gisozi. uru ni urwibutso rwa amateka mabi ya Jenoside yo mu 1994, aho abantu barenga 1,000,000 bishwe mu gihe cy'iminsi ijana gusa. Ni ahantu ho kwibuka, gusobanukirwa no kwiga amateka y'iki gice cy'ubuzima bw'u Rwanda. Urwibutso rusobanura amateka y’ubuzima bw'abanyarwanda nyuma ya Jenoside, rugaragaza ubuzima bw'abacitse ku icumu ndetse n'ababashije kwiyubaka nyuma y’ibyabaye. Ni ahantu hashimangira imbaraga z'ubumwe no kwiyubaka u Rwanda rwabashije kugeraho nyuma ya Jenoside. * '''<big><u>Ubwiza Nyaburanga n’Imisozi Isukuye</u></big>''' Gasabo izwi cyane ku bwiza bw’ibidukikije. Mu Rwanda, ruzwi nk'[[igihugu]] cy'imisozi ibihumbi, ubuzima bwiza bw'ubutaka bugaragara mu misozi, imirambi, n'ibiyaga byiza bya Gasabo. Abashyitsi bashobora kugenda mu masangano yo ku misozi bakishimira ibyiza by'ibiyaga n'ubushyuhe bw'ikirere, aho bashobora kubona ibyiza byo mu gihugu bitandukanye. Ibi bituma Gasabo iba ahantu heza ho kujya kureba ibyiza nyaburanga mu gihe umuntu ashaka kuruhuka no kwishimira ishusho nziza y’igihugu. * '''<big><u>Imyidagaduro n’Umuco</u></big>''' Abashyitsi bashaka kwinjira mu muco w'u Rwanda bashobora kugirira ibihe byiza muri Gasabo, aho usanga imiryango y'ababyinnyi gakondo, igaragariza abanyamahanga imbyino n'imyidagaduro y'abanyarwanda. Iyo myidagaduro ikorwa n’abahanga mu buhanzi, bigaragaza umuco n’imihango gakondo y’u Rwanda. Gasabo kandi ifite amasoko menshi arimo ibikoresho by'ubugeni byakozwe n’abahanzi bo mu karere, imikandara, n'ibikoresho by'ubugeni bikunze kuba impano nziza ku bashyitsi. Abashyitsi bashobora kandi gusura resitora zitandukanye, aho bashobora gusangira ibiryo by’umwimerere birimo '''Isombe''' n’'''Ibihaza''', ibyo bivanze n’ibinyomoro byaho. * '''<big><u>Ibikoresho by’Ikoranabuhanga n’Ubucuruzi</u></big>''' Muri Gasabo kandi, usanga amahoteli meza, amahoteri, n’ibigo by’ubucuruzi bya kijyambere bitanga serivisi nziza kandi zigezweho. Gasabo ifite ibikorwa byinshi by'ubucuruzi n'amaduka byorohereza abashyitsi kubona ibikenewe byose, yaba ku baherereye mu byiciro by'ubukungu butandukanye. Ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi n’amahoteli bishobora gutanga amahirwe yo kuryoherwa no gusurirwa mu buryo bworoshye. * '''<big><u>Ubukungu bw’Ubukerarugendo</u></big>''' Ubukerarugendo muri Gasabo bufite uruhare runini mu bukungu bw’igihugu. Iki gice cyubaka ubukungu butanga akazi ku baturage bo mu karere, ndetse n’ishingiro ry’ubukungu bushya, birimo ibikorwa bya serivisi z’ubukerarugendo, gutanga ibisubizo ku buryo bwiza bw’imyidagaduro no kugaragaza umuco. Gahunda yo guteza imbere ubukerarugendo burambye mu Rwanda irimo kubungabunga ibidukikije n’ubuzima bwa [[Ikinyarwanda|kinyarwanda]] mu buryo bworoshye. '''<big><u>Ubukerarugendo Burambye</u></big>''' Ubukerarugendo burambye ni icyerekezo gikomeye muri Gasabo, ahantu hifashishwa ibikorwa byinshi byiza kandi byita ku kubungabunga ibidukikije no ku musaruro w’amateka y’u Rwanda. U Rwanda rwagiye rwemerwa ku rwego mpuzamahanga kubera gahunda rufite zo kurinda ibidukikije no kubungabunga ibinyabuzima bidasanzwe, cyane cyane [[ingagi zo mu birunga]]. Nubwo Gasabo itarimo ingagi, igice cy’amajyambere giha abashyitsi amahirwe yo kugera ku bikorwa nk'ibyo no gufasha kubungabunga umutekano w’ibidukikije. * '''<big><u>Umwanzuro</u></big>''' Gasabo si ikicaro cy’ubukungu n’imiyoborere ya Kigali gusa, ahubwo ni n’ahantu hateguwe neza mu bijyanye n'ubukerarugendo, hatanga imiryango myiza y'ubukerarugendo bw'amateka, imyidagaduro, ndetse n'ibyo ushobora kwishimira. Ubukerarugendo muri Gasabo bugaragaza uburyo igihugu cyiyubatse nyuma y’amateka mabi, kikaba ikitegererezo cyiza ku bindi bihugu. Abashyitsi baturutse impande zose z'isi bazagerageza kumenya byinshi byerekeye amateka, umuco, ndetse n’ubwiza nyaburanga bw’u Rwanda binyuze mu guhura n’ibyo Gasabo ifite byose. ==Imiyoboro== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Akarere ka Gasabo| ]] mbp19r4gqzs3h29q2efokan6g84g2t2 133871 133865 2026-07-20T16:18:29Z Donatha Neza 18420 Kunoza imyandikire no kongeramo amakuru mashya 133871 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:GasaboDist.png|thumb|Akarere ka Gasabo]] [[Dosiye:An aerial of Kigali Convention Center on June 19, 2019. Photo by Emmanuel Kwizera.jpg|thumb|U [[Rwanda|R]]<nowiki/>wanda rwa Gasabo]] Gasabo ni kamwe mu turere dutatu tugize umujyi wa [[Kigali]], [[umurwa]] mukuru w'u [[Rwanda]] kakaba gaherereye mu Majyaruguru ashyira Iburasirazuba bwaw. Ibiro byako biherereye mu murenge wa Remera, mu Kagari ka Nyarutarama. Aka karere kandi gahana imbibi n'uturere tune turimo: [[Akarere ka Nyarugenge|Nyarugenge]]: mu Burengerazuba, mu Majyepfo: [[Akarere ka Kicukiro|Kicukiro]], Mu majyaruguru: [[Akarere ka Gicumbi|Gicumbi]], mu Majyaruguru: [[Akarere ka Rwamagana|Rwamagana]].<ref name=":0">[https://gasabonew.prod.risa.rw/akarere/menya-akarere Menya Akarere]</ref> Akarere ka Gasabo karimo uduce twinshi tw'umujyi ubwawo, twavuga nka Kacyiru, [[Remera, Kigali|Remera]], Nyarutarama na [[Kimihurura]] n'ahandi henshi . Muraka karere niho hubatswe urwibutso rwa [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside]] rwa Gisozi, ahashyinguwe inzirakarengane zigera (300 000) zazize jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994. Hari kandi bimwe mu bimenyetso bigize amateka ya jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, urugamba rwo kubohora igihugu. Ndetse muri aka karere ni naho habarizwa ibiro by'umukuru w'igihugu ndetse na za minisiteri zitandukanye. Ibarura ry'abaturage n'imiturire ryakozwe n'ikigo cy'igihugu cy'ibarurishamibare (NISR) muri 2022, igaragaza ko Akarere ka Gasabo gafite ubuso bungana 430.30 Km2 , gatuwe n'abaturage 879, 505 barimo abagabo 443 987 n'abagore 435, 518. Aka karere gafite ubucucike bwa 2.056/km2, kagizwe n'imirenge cumi n'itanu (15)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://gasabo.gov.rw/index.php?id=83 |accessdate=2020-07-15 |archive-date=2020-07-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200715201035/https://gasabo.gov.rw/index.php?id=83 |deadurl=yes }}</ref> , Utugali73, n'Imidugudu 479.<ref name=":0" /> == Amwe mu mateka == Mu gihe cya jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu mwaka wa 1994, Akarere ka Gasabo kitwaga komini Gikomero. Yagabanyijwemo imirenge 10: Bumbogo, Gasabo, Gicaca, Gikomero, Gishaka, Kayanga, Nduba, Rutunga, Sha na Shango Ariko uyu munsi, akarere ka Gasabo kagabanijwemo imirenge 15 (imirenge): Bumbogo, Gatsata, Jali, Gikomero, Gisozi, Jabana, Kinyinya, Ndera, Nduba, Rusororo, Rutunga, Kacyiru, Kimihurura, Kimironko na Remera. === Imiterere === [[Dosiye:Gasabo_morning_sunrise.jpg|thumb|Gasabo morning sunrise]] Aka karere karangwa no kuvanga imisozi miremire ifite uburebure bwa metero 1.800 cyane cyane iherereye mu cyaro, ibibaya bigororotse n’ibibaya. Ifite ibishanga birenga 30 n' inzuzi nto zinyura mu mibande. [[Umugezi]] munini udasanzwe ufite uburebure bwa 50Km na 1.000M z'ubugari ni wo ukomoka mu kiyaga cya Muhazi ukanyura mu mibande y'ibishanga na boggy mbere yo kwisuka mu ruzi rwa Nyabugogo hanyuma ugahuza n'umugezi wa Nyabarongo. Na none, ikiyaga cya [[Umuhanzi Kamariza|Muhanzi]] mu majyaruguru no mu burasirazuba gihana imbibi n'akarere ka Gasabo. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, andi masoko y'amazi afite akamaro ni: Umugezi wa Rusumo muri Rugende urangirira mu ruzi rwa Akagera, uruzi rwa Buliza unyura mu bigo bya Karuruma, Umulindi na Rusine mbere yo kwisuka mu ruzi rwa Nyabugogo. Ibi bishanga cyangwa ibishanga bitanga amahirwe mukarere niba bigaruwe neza bishobora kuzamura cyangwa kongera umusaruro w' ubuhinzi, guteza imbere ubukerarugendo, guteza imbere ibidukikije . Ifite ibihe bibiri byingenzi byikirere mu mwaka, aribyo ibihe byizuba nimvura. Ibihe bibiri by'ikirere bigenda bisimburana mu mwaka, bityo akarere kagira ibihe bibiri byumye n'ibihe by'imvura nkuko byasobanuwe hano habanza. '''Imbibi z' akarere ka Gasabo''' Gasabo iri mu burasirazuba bw'amajyaruguru y'Umujyi wa Kigali kandi ihana imbibi n'akarere ka [[Akarere ka Kicukiro|Kicukiro]] (Amajyepfo), Nyarugenge (Uburengerazuba bw'Amajyepfo), Rwamagana (Amajyepfo y'uburasirazuba), Rulindo (Amajyaruguru y'Uburengerazuba) na Gicumbi (Amajyaruguru y'Uburasirazuba). Ubuso bw'akarere ni 429.2 km2 muri bwo igice kinini ni icyaro (84%) mu gihe igice gito kigereranya umujyi wateye imbere (16%) Ibikorwa remezo biherereye mu Karere ka Gasabo Akarere ka Gasabo kagiye kuzamura no kuvugurura ibikorwa remezo by’akarere bijyanye n' igishushanyo mbonera cy’Umujyi wa Kigali nk’amashuri, imihanda, ibitaro, amazu, amatorero, uturere tw’ubukerarugendo, urwibutso, amasoko, [[Stade Amahoro]], etc... 1.[[Umurenge wa Bumbogo|Bumbogo]] 2.[https://web.archive.org/web/20200717043322/https://gasabo.gov.rw/index.php?id=158 Gatsata] 3.[https://web.archive.org/web/20200717044759/https://gasabo.gov.rw/index.php?id=159 Gikomero] 4.Gisozi 5.Jabana 6.Jali 7.Kimihurura [[File:Cargo_Bike_rider_in_kigali.jpg|thumb|kacyiru umwe mu mirenge ibarizwa muri Gasabo]] 8.[[Umurenge wa Kacyiru|Kacyiru]] [[Umurenge wa Mageragere|9.Kimironko]] 10.Kinyinya 11.Remera 12.Rutunga 13.Nduba 14.Ndera 15.Rusoro = Ubukerarugendo mu Karere ka Gasabo = == Amakuru y'ibanze == '''Akarere ka Gasabo''' ni kimwe mu turere 3 tugize '''Umujyi wa Kigali''', mu Rwanda. Ni akarere kagari kandi gifite abaturage benshi muri ako gahugu, gahuza imiturire y'umujyi, amateka, n'ibyiza bitandukanye. Gasabo ari ho haboneka ibigo by'ingenzi by'ubucuruzi, umuco, no [[ubukerarugendo mu Rwanda]]. == Ahantu h'ubukerarugendo mu Karere ka Gasabo == === 1. Urwibutso rwa Jenoside (Gisozi) === 📍 ''Ahantu: Gisozi'' '''Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa kigali''' ni ahantu h'abanyarwanda benshi basura kugirango bibuke abazize yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994. Hari amashusho yerekana amateka y'u Rwanda, jenoside, n'ingamba zo guhuza abanyarwanda. === 2. Umusozi wa Kigali === 📍 ''Ahantu: Ndera'' '''Umusozi wa Kigali''' ni ahantu h'abantu basura kenshi bafite umwete wo gusiganwa. Abashaka gushaka ibishimishije bashobora gusiganwa, gutwara [[igare]], cyangwa gukina zip-line ku '''Kigali Heights'''. === 3. Inzu y'ubugeni ya Niyo === 📍 ''Ahantu: Kacyiru'' Iyi zu y'ubugeni ishimangira abanyamakuru b'u Rwanda n'Abanyafurika, ifite amashusho, amahugurwa, n'amakinamico y'umuco. === 4. Inzu y'amateka y'Inteko ishinga amategeko (Kanombe) === 📍 ''Ahantu: Kanombe'' Iyi zu yari inyubako y'Inteko ishinga amategeko [[Juvénal Habyarimana]], ubu ni musigo w'amateka werekana ibintu by'ingenzi byateye inkuru mu mateka y'u Rwanda n'ibyabaye mbere ya jenoside yo mu 1994. === 5. Pariki y'ibidukikije ya Nyandungu === 📍 ''Ahantu: Kinyinya'' Ni pariki yahinduwe ikaba ifite inzira zo kugendera, ibyaro by'amagare, n'ahantu ho kureba inyoni, ishimangira kubungabunga ibidukikije. === 6. Inzu y'ibiganiro ya Kigali na Radisson Blu === 📍 ''Ahantu: Kimihurura'' Iyi zu ni ikimenyetso cy'ubwubatsi bw'indege, ifite ibigo by'ibiganiro mpuzamahanga, amahoteli y'indege, n'ahantu ho kureba Kigali ku kirere. == Amahoteli n'ubwizigame == Gasabo ifite amahoteli y'indege ('''Radisson Blu, Marriott, Serena'''), amazu y'ubukerarugendo, n'amahoteli y'abakene. Akarere niho haboneka n'ibyari bya kawa, amahoteli, n'ibyokurya bitandukanye mu turere twa '''Kimihurura''' na '''Remera'''. == Uburyo bwo kugenda == * '''Akarere ka Kanombe''' gifite '''ikibuga cy'indege mpuzamahanga cya Kigali (KGL)'''. * Imodoka z'abagenda mu mujyi zirimo '''moto-taxi''' na '''bisi z'umujyi'''. * Gasabo ihuza neza n'andi turere yo mu Rwanda bikoresheje imihanda mikuru * * * Gasabo, kamwe mu turere tw'ingenzi mu mujyi wa Kigali, umujyi mukuru w'u Rwanda, ni ahantu hatera imbere cyane mu bijyanye n'ubukerarugendo, kubera ubuhanga bwayo bwo guhon'ubwiza bw'ibidukikije, amateka akomeye, n'ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga. Abashyitsi basura Gasabo bashobora kuryoherwa n'ubwiza bw'akarere, ahantu h'ingenzi mu mateka, ndetse n'uburyo umuco w'u Rwanda uhora ugaragazwa mu buzima bwa buri munsi. * '''<u>''<big>Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kigal</big>''i</u>''' Ikintu cy'ingenzi mu bijyanye n'ubukerarugendo muri Gasabo ni '''Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kigali''' ruherereye mu gace ka Gisozi. uru ni urwibutso rwa amateka mabi ya Jenoside yo mu 1994, aho abantu barenga 1,000,000 bishwe mu gihe cy'iminsi ijana gusa. Ni ahantu ho kwibuka, gusobanukirwa no kwiga amateka y'iki gice cy'ubuzima bw'u Rwanda. Urwibutso rusobanura amateka y’ubuzima bw'abanyarwanda nyuma ya Jenoside, rugaragaza ubuzima bw'abacitse ku icumu ndetse n'ababashije kwiyubaka nyuma y’ibyabaye. Ni ahantu hashimangira imbaraga z'ubumwe no kwiyubaka u Rwanda rwabashije kugeraho nyuma ya Jenoside. * '''<big><u>Ubwiza Nyaburanga n’Imisozi Isukuye</u></big>''' Gasabo izwi cyane ku bwiza bw’ibidukikije. Mu Rwanda, ruzwi nk'[[igihugu]] cy'imisozi ibihumbi, ubuzima bwiza bw'ubutaka bugaragara mu misozi, imirambi, n'ibiyaga byiza bya Gasabo. Abashyitsi bashobora kugenda mu masangano yo ku misozi bakishimira ibyiza by'ibiyaga n'ubushyuhe bw'ikirere, aho bashobora kubona ibyiza byo mu gihugu bitandukanye. Ibi bituma Gasabo iba ahantu heza ho kujya kureba ibyiza nyaburanga mu gihe umuntu ashaka kuruhuka no kwishimira ishusho nziza y’igihugu. * '''<big><u>Imyidagaduro n’Umuco</u></big>''' Abashyitsi bashaka kwinjira mu muco w'u Rwanda bashobora kugirira ibihe byiza muri Gasabo, aho usanga imiryango y'ababyinnyi gakondo, igaragariza abanyamahanga imbyino n'imyidagaduro y'abanyarwanda. Iyo myidagaduro ikorwa n’abahanga mu buhanzi, bigaragaza umuco n’imihango gakondo y’u Rwanda. Gasabo kandi ifite amasoko menshi arimo ibikoresho by'ubugeni byakozwe n’abahanzi bo mu karere, imikandara, n'ibikoresho by'ubugeni bikunze kuba impano nziza ku bashyitsi. Abashyitsi bashobora kandi gusura resitora zitandukanye, aho bashobora gusangira ibiryo by’umwimerere birimo '''Isombe''' n’'''Ibihaza''', ibyo bivanze n’ibinyomoro byaho. * '''<big><u>Ibikoresho by’Ikoranabuhanga n’Ubucuruzi</u></big>''' Muri Gasabo kandi, usanga amahoteli meza, amahoteri, n’ibigo by’ubucuruzi bya kijyambere bitanga serivisi nziza kandi zigezweho. Gasabo ifite ibikorwa byinshi by'ubucuruzi n'amaduka byorohereza abashyitsi kubona ibikenewe byose, yaba ku baherereye mu byiciro by'ubukungu butandukanye. Ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi n’amahoteli bishobora gutanga amahirwe yo kuryoherwa no gusurirwa mu buryo bworoshye. * '''<big><u>Ubukungu bw’Ubukerarugendo</u></big>''' Ubukerarugendo muri Gasabo bufite uruhare runini mu bukungu bw’igihugu. Iki gice cyubaka ubukungu butanga akazi ku baturage bo mu karere, ndetse n’ishingiro ry’ubukungu bushya, birimo ibikorwa bya serivisi z’ubukerarugendo, gutanga ibisubizo ku buryo bwiza bw’imyidagaduro no kugaragaza umuco. Gahunda yo guteza imbere ubukerarugendo burambye mu Rwanda irimo kubungabunga ibidukikije n’ubuzima bwa [[Ikinyarwanda|kinyarwanda]] mu buryo bworoshye. '''<big><u>Ubukerarugendo Burambye</u></big>''' Ubukerarugendo burambye ni icyerekezo gikomeye muri Gasabo, ahantu hifashishwa ibikorwa byinshi byiza kandi byita ku kubungabunga ibidukikije no ku musaruro w’amateka y’u Rwanda. U Rwanda rwagiye rwemerwa ku rwego mpuzamahanga kubera gahunda rufite zo kurinda ibidukikije no kubungabunga ibinyabuzima bidasanzwe, cyane cyane [[ingagi zo mu birunga]]. Nubwo Gasabo itarimo ingagi, igice cy’amajyambere giha abashyitsi amahirwe yo kugera ku bikorwa nk'ibyo no gufasha kubungabunga umutekano w’ibidukikije. * '''<big><u>Umwanzuro</u></big>''' Gasabo si ikicaro cy’ubukungu n’imiyoborere ya Kigali gusa, ahubwo ni n’ahantu hateguwe neza mu bijyanye n'ubukerarugendo, hatanga imiryango myiza y'ubukerarugendo bw'amateka, imyidagaduro, ndetse n'ibyo ushobora kwishimira. Ubukerarugendo muri Gasabo bugaragaza uburyo igihugu cyiyubatse nyuma y’amateka mabi, kikaba ikitegererezo cyiza ku bindi bihugu. Abashyitsi baturutse impande zose z'isi bazagerageza kumenya byinshi byerekeye amateka, umuco, ndetse n’ubwiza nyaburanga bw’u Rwanda binyuze mu guhura n’ibyo Gasabo ifite byose. ==Imiyoboro== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Akarere ka Gasabo| ]] 9efmz2qyndbt2r9plqqmb5dom086emj 133872 133871 2026-07-20T16:21:33Z Donatha Neza 18420 133872 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:GasaboDist.png|thumb|Akarere ka Gasabo]] [[Dosiye:An aerial of Kigali Convention Center on June 19, 2019. Photo by Emmanuel Kwizera.jpg|thumb|U [[Rwanda|R]]<nowiki/>wanda rwa Gasabo]] Gasabo ni kamwe mu turere dutatu tugize umujyi wa [[Kigali]], [[umurwa]] mukuru w'u [[Rwanda]] kakaba gaherereye mu Majyaruguru ashyira Iburasirazuba bwaw. Ibiro byako biherereye mu murenge wa Remera, mu Kagari ka Nyarutarama. Aka karere kandi gahana imbibi n'uturere tune turimo: [[Akarere ka Nyarugenge|Nyarugenge]]: mu Burengerazuba, mu Majyepfo: [[Akarere ka Kicukiro|Kicukiro]], Mu majyaruguru: [[Akarere ka Gicumbi|Gicumbi]], mu Majyaruguru: [[Akarere ka Rwamagana|Rwamagana]].<ref name=":0">[https://gasabonew.prod.risa.rw/akarere/menya-akarere Menya Akarere]</ref> Akarere ka Gasabo karimo uduce twinshi tw'umujyi ubwawo, twavuga nka Kacyiru, [[Remera, Kigali|Remera]], Nyarutarama na [[Kimihurura]] n'ahandi henshi . Muraka karere niho hubatswe urwibutso rwa [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside]] rwa Gisozi, ahashyinguwe inzirakarengane zigera (300 000) zazize jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994. Hari kandi bimwe mu bimenyetso bigize amateka ya jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, urugamba rwo kubohora igihugu. Ndetse muri aka karere ni naho habarizwa ibiro by'umukuru w'igihugu ndetse na za minisiteri zitandukanye. Ibarura ry'abaturage n'imiturire ryakozwe n'ikigo cy'igihugu cy'ibarurishamibare (NISR) muri 2022, igaragaza ko Akarere ka Gasabo gafite ubuso bungana 430.30 Km2 , gatuwe n'abaturage 879, 505 barimo abagabo 443 987 n'abagore 435, 518. Aka karere gafite ubucucike bwa 2.056/km2, kagizwe n'imirenge cumi n'itanu (15)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://gasabo.gov.rw/index.php?id=83 |accessdate=2020-07-15 |archive-date=2020-07-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200715201035/https://gasabo.gov.rw/index.php?id=83 |deadurl=yes }}</ref> , Utugali73, n'Imidugudu 479.<ref name=":0" /> == Amwe mu mateka == Mu gihe cya jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu mwaka wa 1994, Akarere ka Gasabo kitwaga komini Gikomero. Yagabanyijwemo imirenge 10: Bumbogo, Gasabo, Gicaca, Gikomero, Gishaka, Kayanga, Nduba, Rutunga, Sha na Shango Ariko uyu munsi, akarere ka Gasabo kagabanijwemo imirenge 15 (imirenge): Bumbogo, Gatsata, Jali, Gikomero, Gisozi, Jabana, Kinyinya, Ndera, Nduba, Rusororo, Rutunga, Kacyiru, Kimihurura, Kimironko na Remera. === Imiterere === [[Dosiye:Gasabo_morning_sunrise.jpg|thumb|Gasabo morning sunrise]] Aka karere karangwa no kuvanga imisozi miremire ifite uburebure bwa metero 1.800, cyane cyane iherereye mu cyaro, ibibaya bigororotse n’ibibaya. Ifite ibishanga birenga 30 n' inzuzi nto zinyura mu mibande. [[Umugezi]] munini udasanzwe ufite uburebure bwa 50Km na 1.000M z'ubugari ni wo ukomoka mu kiyaga cya Muhazi ukanyura mu mibande y'ibishanga na boggy mbere yo kwisuka mu ruzi rwa Nyabugogo hanyuma ugahuza n'umugezi wa Nyabarongo. Na none, ikiyaga cya [[Umuhanzi Kamariza|Muhanzi]] mu majyaruguru no mu burasirazuba gihana imbibi n'akarere ka Gasabo. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, andi masoko y'amazi afite akamaro ni: Umugezi wa Rusumo muri Rugende urangirira mu ruzi rwa Akagera, uruzi rwa Buliza unyura mu bigo bya Karuruma, Umulindi na Rusine mbere yo kwisuka mu ruzi rwa Nyabugogo. Ibi bishanga cyangwa ibishanga bitanga amahirwe mukarere niba bigaruwe neza bishobora kuzamura cyangwa kongera umusaruro w' ubuhinzi, guteza imbere ubukerarugendo, guteza imbere ibidukikije . Ifite ibihe bibiri byingenzi byikirere mu mwaka, aribyo ibihe byizuba nimvura. Ibihe bibiri by'ikirere bigenda bisimburana mu mwaka, bityo akarere kagira ibihe bibiri byumye n'ibihe by'imvura nkuko byasobanuwe hano habanza. '''Imbibi z' akarere ka Gasabo''' Mu buso 29.2 km2 bw'Akarere ka Gasabo igice kinini cyabwo ni icyaro (84%) mu gihe igice gito kigereranya umujyi wateye imbere (16%). === Ibikorwa remezo biherereye mu Karere ka Gasabo === Akarere ka Gasabo kagiye kuzamura no kuvugurura ibikorwa remezo by’akarere bijyanye n' igishushanyo mbonera cy’Umujyi wa Kigali nk’amashuri, imihanda, ibitaro, amazu, amatorero, uturere tw’ubukerarugendo, urwibutso, amasoko, [[Stade Amahoro]], etc... 1.[[Umurenge wa Bumbogo|Bumbogo]] 2.[https://web.archive.org/web/20200717043322/https://gasabo.gov.rw/index.php?id=158 Gatsata] 3.[https://web.archive.org/web/20200717044759/https://gasabo.gov.rw/index.php?id=159 Gikomero] 4.Gisozi 5.Jabana 6.Jali 7.Kimihurura [[File:Cargo_Bike_rider_in_kigali.jpg|thumb|kacyiru umwe mu mirenge ibarizwa muri Gasabo]] 8.[[Umurenge wa Kacyiru|Kacyiru]] [[Umurenge wa Mageragere|9.Kimironko]] 10.Kinyinya 11.Remera 12.Rutunga 13.Nduba 14.Ndera 15.Rusoro = Ubukerarugendo mu Karere ka Gasabo = == Amakuru y'ibanze == '''Akarere ka Gasabo''' ni kimwe mu turere 3 tugize '''Umujyi wa Kigali''', mu Rwanda. Ni akarere kagari kandi gifite abaturage benshi muri ako gahugu, gahuza imiturire y'umujyi, amateka, n'ibyiza bitandukanye. Gasabo ari ho haboneka ibigo by'ingenzi by'ubucuruzi, umuco, no [[ubukerarugendo mu Rwanda]]. == Ahantu h'ubukerarugendo mu Karere ka Gasabo == === 1. Urwibutso rwa Jenoside (Gisozi) === 📍 ''Ahantu: Gisozi'' '''Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa kigali''' ni ahantu h'abanyarwanda benshi basura kugirango bibuke abazize yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994. Hari amashusho yerekana amateka y'u Rwanda, jenoside, n'ingamba zo guhuza abanyarwanda. === 2. Umusozi wa Kigali === 📍 ''Ahantu: Ndera'' '''Umusozi wa Kigali''' ni ahantu h'abantu basura kenshi bafite umwete wo gusiganwa. Abashaka gushaka ibishimishije bashobora gusiganwa, gutwara [[igare]], cyangwa gukina zip-line ku '''Kigali Heights'''. === 3. Inzu y'ubugeni ya Niyo === 📍 ''Ahantu: Kacyiru'' Iyi zu y'ubugeni ishimangira abanyamakuru b'u Rwanda n'Abanyafurika, ifite amashusho, amahugurwa, n'amakinamico y'umuco. === 4. Inzu y'amateka y'Inteko ishinga amategeko (Kanombe) === 📍 ''Ahantu: Kanombe'' Iyi zu yari inyubako y'Inteko ishinga amategeko [[Juvénal Habyarimana]], ubu ni musigo w'amateka werekana ibintu by'ingenzi byateye inkuru mu mateka y'u Rwanda n'ibyabaye mbere ya jenoside yo mu 1994. === 5. Pariki y'ibidukikije ya Nyandungu === 📍 ''Ahantu: Kinyinya'' Ni pariki yahinduwe ikaba ifite inzira zo kugendera, ibyaro by'amagare, n'ahantu ho kureba inyoni, ishimangira kubungabunga ibidukikije. === 6. Inzu y'ibiganiro ya Kigali na Radisson Blu === 📍 ''Ahantu: Kimihurura'' Iyi zu ni ikimenyetso cy'ubwubatsi bw'indege, ifite ibigo by'ibiganiro mpuzamahanga, amahoteli y'indege, n'ahantu ho kureba Kigali ku kirere. == Amahoteli n'ubwizigame == Gasabo ifite amahoteli y'indege ('''Radisson Blu, Marriott, Serena'''), amazu y'ubukerarugendo, n'amahoteli y'abakene. Akarere niho haboneka n'ibyari bya kawa, amahoteli, n'ibyokurya bitandukanye mu turere twa '''Kimihurura''' na '''Remera'''. == Uburyo bwo kugenda == * '''Akarere ka Kanombe''' gifite '''ikibuga cy'indege mpuzamahanga cya Kigali (KGL)'''. * Imodoka z'abagenda mu mujyi zirimo '''moto-taxi''' na '''bisi z'umujyi'''. * Gasabo ihuza neza n'andi turere yo mu Rwanda bikoresheje imihanda mikuru * * * Gasabo, kamwe mu turere tw'ingenzi mu mujyi wa Kigali, umujyi mukuru w'u Rwanda, ni ahantu hatera imbere cyane mu bijyanye n'ubukerarugendo, kubera ubuhanga bwayo bwo guhon'ubwiza bw'ibidukikije, amateka akomeye, n'ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga. Abashyitsi basura Gasabo bashobora kuryoherwa n'ubwiza bw'akarere, ahantu h'ingenzi mu mateka, ndetse n'uburyo umuco w'u Rwanda uhora ugaragazwa mu buzima bwa buri munsi. * '''<u>''<big>Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kigal</big>''i</u>''' Ikintu cy'ingenzi mu bijyanye n'ubukerarugendo muri Gasabo ni '''Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kigali''' ruherereye mu gace ka Gisozi. uru ni urwibutso rwa amateka mabi ya Jenoside yo mu 1994, aho abantu barenga 1,000,000 bishwe mu gihe cy'iminsi ijana gusa. Ni ahantu ho kwibuka, gusobanukirwa no kwiga amateka y'iki gice cy'ubuzima bw'u Rwanda. Urwibutso rusobanura amateka y’ubuzima bw'abanyarwanda nyuma ya Jenoside, rugaragaza ubuzima bw'abacitse ku icumu ndetse n'ababashije kwiyubaka nyuma y’ibyabaye. Ni ahantu hashimangira imbaraga z'ubumwe no kwiyubaka u Rwanda rwabashije kugeraho nyuma ya Jenoside. * '''<big><u>Ubwiza Nyaburanga n’Imisozi Isukuye</u></big>''' Gasabo izwi cyane ku bwiza bw’ibidukikije. Mu Rwanda, ruzwi nk'[[igihugu]] cy'imisozi ibihumbi, ubuzima bwiza bw'ubutaka bugaragara mu misozi, imirambi, n'ibiyaga byiza bya Gasabo. Abashyitsi bashobora kugenda mu masangano yo ku misozi bakishimira ibyiza by'ibiyaga n'ubushyuhe bw'ikirere, aho bashobora kubona ibyiza byo mu gihugu bitandukanye. Ibi bituma Gasabo iba ahantu heza ho kujya kureba ibyiza nyaburanga mu gihe umuntu ashaka kuruhuka no kwishimira ishusho nziza y’igihugu. * '''<big><u>Imyidagaduro n’Umuco</u></big>''' Abashyitsi bashaka kwinjira mu muco w'u Rwanda bashobora kugirira ibihe byiza muri Gasabo, aho usanga imiryango y'ababyinnyi gakondo, igaragariza abanyamahanga imbyino n'imyidagaduro y'abanyarwanda. Iyo myidagaduro ikorwa n’abahanga mu buhanzi, bigaragaza umuco n’imihango gakondo y’u Rwanda. Gasabo kandi ifite amasoko menshi arimo ibikoresho by'ubugeni byakozwe n’abahanzi bo mu karere, imikandara, n'ibikoresho by'ubugeni bikunze kuba impano nziza ku bashyitsi. Abashyitsi bashobora kandi gusura resitora zitandukanye, aho bashobora gusangira ibiryo by’umwimerere birimo '''Isombe''' n’'''Ibihaza''', ibyo bivanze n’ibinyomoro byaho. * '''<big><u>Ibikoresho by’Ikoranabuhanga n’Ubucuruzi</u></big>''' Muri Gasabo kandi, usanga amahoteli meza, amahoteri, n’ibigo by’ubucuruzi bya kijyambere bitanga serivisi nziza kandi zigezweho. Gasabo ifite ibikorwa byinshi by'ubucuruzi n'amaduka byorohereza abashyitsi kubona ibikenewe byose, yaba ku baherereye mu byiciro by'ubukungu butandukanye. Ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi n’amahoteli bishobora gutanga amahirwe yo kuryoherwa no gusurirwa mu buryo bworoshye. * '''<big><u>Ubukungu bw’Ubukerarugendo</u></big>''' Ubukerarugendo muri Gasabo bufite uruhare runini mu bukungu bw’igihugu. Iki gice cyubaka ubukungu butanga akazi ku baturage bo mu karere, ndetse n’ishingiro ry’ubukungu bushya, birimo ibikorwa bya serivisi z’ubukerarugendo, gutanga ibisubizo ku buryo bwiza bw’imyidagaduro no kugaragaza umuco. Gahunda yo guteza imbere ubukerarugendo burambye mu Rwanda irimo kubungabunga ibidukikije n’ubuzima bwa [[Ikinyarwanda|kinyarwanda]] mu buryo bworoshye. '''<big><u>Ubukerarugendo Burambye</u></big>''' Ubukerarugendo burambye ni icyerekezo gikomeye muri Gasabo, ahantu hifashishwa ibikorwa byinshi byiza kandi byita ku kubungabunga ibidukikije no ku musaruro w’amateka y’u Rwanda. U Rwanda rwagiye rwemerwa ku rwego mpuzamahanga kubera gahunda rufite zo kurinda ibidukikije no kubungabunga ibinyabuzima bidasanzwe, cyane cyane [[ingagi zo mu birunga]]. Nubwo Gasabo itarimo ingagi, igice cy’amajyambere giha abashyitsi amahirwe yo kugera ku bikorwa nk'ibyo no gufasha kubungabunga umutekano w’ibidukikije. * '''<big><u>Umwanzuro</u></big>''' Gasabo si ikicaro cy’ubukungu n’imiyoborere ya Kigali gusa, ahubwo ni n’ahantu hateguwe neza mu bijyanye n'ubukerarugendo, hatanga imiryango myiza y'ubukerarugendo bw'amateka, imyidagaduro, ndetse n'ibyo ushobora kwishimira. Ubukerarugendo muri Gasabo bugaragaza uburyo igihugu cyiyubatse nyuma y’amateka mabi, kikaba ikitegererezo cyiza ku bindi bihugu. Abashyitsi baturutse impande zose z'isi bazagerageza kumenya byinshi byerekeye amateka, umuco, ndetse n’ubwiza nyaburanga bw’u Rwanda binyuze mu guhura n’ibyo Gasabo ifite byose. ==Imiyoboro== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Akarere ka Gasabo| ]] r7dm8q8kaq946rb3whuwy2aq8d8cf0m 133873 133872 2026-07-20T17:40:34Z Donatha Neza 18420 kongera amashyakiro 133873 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:GasaboDist.png|thumb|Akarere ka Gasabo]] [[Dosiye:An aerial of Kigali Convention Center on June 19, 2019. Photo by Emmanuel Kwizera.jpg|thumb|U [[Rwanda|R]]<nowiki/>wanda rwa Gasabo]] Gasabo ni kamwe mu turere dutatu tugize umujyi wa [[Kigali]], [[umurwa]] mukuru w'u [[Rwanda]] kakaba gaherereye mu Majyaruguru ashyira Iburasirazuba bwaw. Ibiro byako biherereye mu murenge wa Remera, mu Kagari ka Nyarutarama. Aka karere kandi gahana imbibi n'uturere tune turimo: [[Akarere ka Nyarugenge|Nyarugenge]]: mu Burengerazuba, mu Majyepfo: [[Akarere ka Kicukiro|Kicukiro]], Mu majyaruguru: [[Akarere ka Gicumbi|Gicumbi]], mu Majyaruguru: [[Akarere ka Rwamagana|Rwamagana]].<ref name=":0">[https://gasabonew.prod.risa.rw/akarere/menya-akarere Menya Akarere]</ref> Akarere ka Gasabo karimo uduce twinshi tw'umujyi ubwawo, twavuga nka Kacyiru, [[Remera, Kigali|Remera]], Nyarutarama na [[Kimihurura]] n'ahandi henshi . Muraka karere niho hubatswe urwibutso rwa [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside]] rwa Gisozi, ahashyinguwe inzirakarengane zigera (300 000) zazize jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994. Hari kandi bimwe mu bimenyetso bigize amateka ya jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, urugamba rwo kubohora igihugu. Ndetse muri aka karere ni naho habarizwa ibiro by'umukuru w'igihugu ndetse na za minisiteri zitandukanye. Ibarura ry'abaturage n'imiturire ryakozwe n'ikigo cy'igihugu cy'ibarurishamibare (NISR) muri 2022, igaragaza ko Akarere ka Gasabo gafite ubuso bungana 430.30 Km2, gatuwe n'abaturage 879, 505 barimo abagabo 443 987 n'abagore 435, 518.<ref>[https://igicumbi.com/gasabo-ibintu-45-bitandukanye-ukwiriye-kumenya-mu-akarere-ka-gasabo/ Gasabo, ibintu 45 bitandukanye ukwiriye kumenya mu Akarere ka Gasabo - Igicumbi]</ref> Aka karere gafite ubucucike bwa 2.056/km2, kagizwe n'imirenge cumi n'itanu (15)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://gasabo.gov.rw/index.php?id=83 |accessdate=2020-07-15 |archive-date=2020-07-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200715201035/https://gasabo.gov.rw/index.php?id=83 |deadurl=yes }}</ref> , Utugali73, n'Imidugudu 479.<ref name=":0" /> == Amwe mu mateka == Mu gihe cya jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu mwaka wa 1994, Akarere ka Gasabo kitwaga komini Gikomero. Yagabanyijwemo imirenge 10: Bumbogo, Gasabo, Gicaca, Gikomero, Gishaka, Kayanga, Nduba, Rutunga, Sha na Shango Ariko uyu munsi, akarere ka Gasabo kagabanijwemo imirenge 15 (imirenge): Bumbogo, Gatsata, Jali, Gikomero, Gisozi, Jabana, Kinyinya, Ndera, Nduba, Rusororo, Rutunga, Kacyiru, Kimihurura, Kimironko na Remera. === Imiterere === [[Dosiye:Gasabo_morning_sunrise.jpg|thumb|Gasabo morning sunrise]] Aka karere karangwa no kuvanga imisozi miremire ifite uburebure bwa metero 1.800, cyane cyane iherereye mu cyaro, ibibaya bigororotse n’ibibaya. Ifite ibishanga birenga 30 n' inzuzi nto zinyura mu mibande. [[Umugezi]] munini udasanzwe ufite uburebure bwa 50Km na 1.000M z'ubugari ni wo ukomoka mu kiyaga cya Muhazi ukanyura mu mibande y'ibishanga na boggy mbere yo kwisuka mu ruzi rwa Nyabugogo hanyuma ugahuza n'umugezi wa Nyabarongo. Na none, ikiyaga cya [[Umuhanzi Kamariza|Muhanzi]] mu majyaruguru no mu burasirazuba gihana imbibi n'akarere ka Gasabo. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, andi masoko y'amazi afite akamaro ni: Umugezi wa Rusumo muri Rugende urangirira mu ruzi rwa Akagera, uruzi rwa Buliza unyura mu bigo bya Karuruma, Umulindi na Rusine mbere yo kwisuka mu ruzi rwa Nyabugogo. Ibi bishanga cyangwa ibishanga bitanga amahirwe mukarere niba bigaruwe neza bishobora kuzamura cyangwa kongera umusaruro w' ubuhinzi, guteza imbere ubukerarugendo, guteza imbere ibidukikije . Ifite ibihe bibiri byingenzi byikirere mu mwaka, aribyo ibihe byizuba nimvura. Ibihe bibiri by'ikirere bigenda bisimburana mu mwaka, bityo akarere kagira ibihe bibiri byumye n'ibihe by'imvura nkuko byasobanuwe hano habanza. '''Imbibi z' akarere ka Gasabo''' Mu buso 29.2 km2 bw'Akarere ka Gasabo igice kinini cyabwo ni icyaro (84%) mu gihe igice gito kigereranya umujyi wateye imbere (16%). === Ibikorwa remezo biherereye mu Karere ka Gasabo === Akarere ka Gasabo kagiye kuzamura no kuvugurura ibikorwa remezo by’akarere bijyanye n' igishushanyo mbonera cy’Umujyi wa Kigali nk’amashuri, imihanda, ibitaro, amazu, amatorero, uturere tw’ubukerarugendo, urwibutso, amasoko, [[Stade Amahoro]], etc... 1.[[Umurenge wa Bumbogo|Bumbogo]] 2.[https://web.archive.org/web/20200717043322/https://gasabo.gov.rw/index.php?id=158 Gatsata] 3.[https://web.archive.org/web/20200717044759/https://gasabo.gov.rw/index.php?id=159 Gikomero] 4.Gisozi 5.Jabana 6.Jali 7.Kimihurura [[File:Cargo_Bike_rider_in_kigali.jpg|thumb|kacyiru umwe mu mirenge ibarizwa muri Gasabo]] 8.[[Umurenge wa Kacyiru|Kacyiru]] [[Umurenge wa Mageragere|9.Kimironko]] 10.Kinyinya 11.Remera 12.Rutunga 13.Nduba 14.Ndera 15.Rusoro = Ubukerarugendo mu Karere ka Gasabo = == Amakuru y'ibanze == '''Akarere ka Gasabo''' ni kimwe mu turere 3 tugize '''Umujyi wa Kigali''', mu Rwanda. Ni akarere kagari kandi gifite abaturage benshi muri ako gahugu, gahuza imiturire y'umujyi, amateka, n'ibyiza bitandukanye. Gasabo ari ho haboneka ibigo by'ingenzi by'ubucuruzi, umuco, no [[ubukerarugendo mu Rwanda]]. == Ahantu h'ubukerarugendo mu Karere ka Gasabo == === 1. Urwibutso rwa Jenoside (Gisozi) === 📍 ''Ahantu: Gisozi'' '''Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa kigali''' ni ahantu h'abanyarwanda benshi basura kugirango bibuke abazize yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994. Hari amashusho yerekana amateka y'u Rwanda, jenoside, n'ingamba zo guhuza abanyarwanda. === 2. Umusozi wa Kigali === 📍 ''Ahantu: Ndera'' '''Umusozi wa Kigali''' ni ahantu h'abantu basura kenshi bafite umwete wo gusiganwa. Abashaka gushaka ibishimishije bashobora gusiganwa, gutwara [[igare]], cyangwa gukina zip-line ku '''Kigali Heights'''. === 3. Inzu y'ubugeni ya Niyo === 📍 ''Ahantu: Kacyiru'' Iyi zu y'ubugeni ishimangira abanyamakuru b'u Rwanda n'Abanyafurika, ifite amashusho, amahugurwa, n'amakinamico y'umuco. === 4. Inzu y'amateka y'Inteko ishinga amategeko (Kanombe) === 📍 ''Ahantu: Kanombe'' Iyi zu yari inyubako y'Inteko ishinga amategeko [[Juvénal Habyarimana]], ubu ni musigo w'amateka werekana ibintu by'ingenzi byateye inkuru mu mateka y'u Rwanda n'ibyabaye mbere ya jenoside yo mu 1994. === 5. Pariki y'ibidukikije ya Nyandungu === 📍 ''Ahantu: Kinyinya'' Ni pariki yahinduwe ikaba ifite inzira zo kugendera, ibyaro by'amagare, n'ahantu ho kureba inyoni, ishimangira kubungabunga ibidukikije. === 6. Inzu y'ibiganiro ya Kigali na Radisson Blu === 📍 ''Ahantu: Kimihurura'' Iyi zu ni ikimenyetso cy'ubwubatsi bw'indege, ifite ibigo by'ibiganiro mpuzamahanga, amahoteli y'indege, n'ahantu ho kureba Kigali ku kirere. == Amahoteli n'ubwizigame == Gasabo ifite amahoteli y'indege ('''Radisson Blu, Marriott, Serena'''), amazu y'ubukerarugendo, n'amahoteli y'abakene. Akarere niho haboneka n'ibyari bya kawa, amahoteli, n'ibyokurya bitandukanye mu turere twa '''Kimihurura''' na '''Remera'''. == Uburyo bwo kugenda == * '''Akarere ka Kanombe''' gifite '''ikibuga cy'indege mpuzamahanga cya Kigali (KGL)'''. * Imodoka z'abagenda mu mujyi zirimo '''moto-taxi''' na '''bisi z'umujyi'''. * Gasabo ihuza neza n'andi turere yo mu Rwanda bikoresheje imihanda mikuru * * * Gasabo, kamwe mu turere tw'ingenzi mu mujyi wa Kigali, umujyi mukuru w'u Rwanda, ni ahantu hatera imbere cyane mu bijyanye n'ubukerarugendo, kubera ubuhanga bwayo bwo guhon'ubwiza bw'ibidukikije, amateka akomeye, n'ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga. Abashyitsi basura Gasabo bashobora kuryoherwa n'ubwiza bw'akarere, ahantu h'ingenzi mu mateka, ndetse n'uburyo umuco w'u Rwanda uhora ugaragazwa mu buzima bwa buri munsi. * '''<u>''<big>Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kigal</big>''i</u>''' Ikintu cy'ingenzi mu bijyanye n'ubukerarugendo muri Gasabo ni '''Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kigali''' ruherereye mu gace ka Gisozi. uru ni urwibutso rwa amateka mabi ya Jenoside yo mu 1994, aho abantu barenga 1,000,000 bishwe mu gihe cy'iminsi ijana gusa. Ni ahantu ho kwibuka, gusobanukirwa no kwiga amateka y'iki gice cy'ubuzima bw'u Rwanda. Urwibutso rusobanura amateka y’ubuzima bw'abanyarwanda nyuma ya Jenoside, rugaragaza ubuzima bw'abacitse ku icumu ndetse n'ababashije kwiyubaka nyuma y’ibyabaye. Ni ahantu hashimangira imbaraga z'ubumwe no kwiyubaka u Rwanda rwabashije kugeraho nyuma ya Jenoside. * '''<big><u>Ubwiza Nyaburanga n’Imisozi Isukuye</u></big>''' Gasabo izwi cyane ku bwiza bw’ibidukikije. Mu Rwanda, ruzwi nk'[[igihugu]] cy'imisozi ibihumbi, ubuzima bwiza bw'ubutaka bugaragara mu misozi, imirambi, n'ibiyaga byiza bya Gasabo. Abashyitsi bashobora kugenda mu masangano yo ku misozi bakishimira ibyiza by'ibiyaga n'ubushyuhe bw'ikirere, aho bashobora kubona ibyiza byo mu gihugu bitandukanye. Ibi bituma Gasabo iba ahantu heza ho kujya kureba ibyiza nyaburanga mu gihe umuntu ashaka kuruhuka no kwishimira ishusho nziza y’igihugu. * '''<big><u>Imyidagaduro n’Umuco</u></big>''' Abashyitsi bashaka kwinjira mu muco w'u Rwanda bashobora kugirira ibihe byiza muri Gasabo, aho usanga imiryango y'ababyinnyi gakondo, igaragariza abanyamahanga imbyino n'imyidagaduro y'abanyarwanda. Iyo myidagaduro ikorwa n’abahanga mu buhanzi, bigaragaza umuco n’imihango gakondo y’u Rwanda. Gasabo kandi ifite amasoko menshi arimo ibikoresho by'ubugeni byakozwe n’abahanzi bo mu karere, imikandara, n'ibikoresho by'ubugeni bikunze kuba impano nziza ku bashyitsi. Abashyitsi bashobora kandi gusura resitora zitandukanye, aho bashobora gusangira ibiryo by’umwimerere birimo '''Isombe''' n’'''Ibihaza''', ibyo bivanze n’ibinyomoro byaho. * '''<big><u>Ibikoresho by’Ikoranabuhanga n’Ubucuruzi</u></big>''' Muri Gasabo kandi, usanga amahoteli meza, amahoteri, n’ibigo by’ubucuruzi bya kijyambere bitanga serivisi nziza kandi zigezweho. Gasabo ifite ibikorwa byinshi by'ubucuruzi n'amaduka byorohereza abashyitsi kubona ibikenewe byose, yaba ku baherereye mu byiciro by'ubukungu butandukanye. Ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi n’amahoteli bishobora gutanga amahirwe yo kuryoherwa no gusurirwa mu buryo bworoshye. * '''<big><u>Ubukungu bw’Ubukerarugendo</u></big>''' Ubukerarugendo muri Gasabo bufite uruhare runini mu bukungu bw’igihugu. Iki gice cyubaka ubukungu butanga akazi ku baturage bo mu karere, ndetse n’ishingiro ry’ubukungu bushya, birimo ibikorwa bya serivisi z’ubukerarugendo, gutanga ibisubizo ku buryo bwiza bw’imyidagaduro no kugaragaza umuco. Gahunda yo guteza imbere ubukerarugendo burambye mu Rwanda irimo kubungabunga ibidukikije n’ubuzima bwa [[Ikinyarwanda|kinyarwanda]] mu buryo bworoshye. '''<big><u>Ubukerarugendo Burambye</u></big>''' Ubukerarugendo burambye ni icyerekezo gikomeye muri Gasabo, ahantu hifashishwa ibikorwa byinshi byiza kandi byita ku kubungabunga ibidukikije no ku musaruro w’amateka y’u Rwanda. U Rwanda rwagiye rwemerwa ku rwego mpuzamahanga kubera gahunda rufite zo kurinda ibidukikije no kubungabunga ibinyabuzima bidasanzwe, cyane cyane [[ingagi zo mu birunga]]. Nubwo Gasabo itarimo ingagi, igice cy’amajyambere giha abashyitsi amahirwe yo kugera ku bikorwa nk'ibyo no gufasha kubungabunga umutekano w’ibidukikije. * '''<big><u>Umwanzuro</u></big>''' Gasabo si ikicaro cy’ubukungu n’imiyoborere ya Kigali gusa, ahubwo ni n’ahantu hateguwe neza mu bijyanye n'ubukerarugendo, hatanga imiryango myiza y'ubukerarugendo bw'amateka, imyidagaduro, ndetse n'ibyo ushobora kwishimira. Ubukerarugendo muri Gasabo bugaragaza uburyo igihugu cyiyubatse nyuma y’amateka mabi, kikaba ikitegererezo cyiza ku bindi bihugu. Abashyitsi baturutse impande zose z'isi bazagerageza kumenya byinshi byerekeye amateka, umuco, ndetse n’ubwiza nyaburanga bw’u Rwanda binyuze mu guhura n’ibyo Gasabo ifite byose. ==Imiyoboro== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Akarere ka Gasabo| ]] rkhsimo514vzppyej6b1mot0j6ptstf 0 8387 133868 127744 2026-07-20T15:26:55Z Yves ganwa 13251 133868 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Bugesera_district_map.jpg|alt=|thumb|289x289px|Ikarita y'akarere ka Bugesera ]] '''Bugesera''' ni Akarere kamwe mu turere mirongo itatu (30) tugize [[igihugu]] cy'u [[Rwanda]] . '''[[Akarere ka Burera|Bugesera]]''' iherereye mu i[[ntara y’Iburasirazuba|ntara y’uburasirazuba]] ahagana mu majyepfo ashyira iburasirazuba bw'u [[Rwanda]].Aka karere gahana imbibi n'igihugu cy'abaturanyi cy'u BURUNDI.Aka karere kandi gahana imbibi n'uturere nka Ngoma,Rwamagana,[[Akarere ka Kicukiro|Kicukiro]],Nyarugenge,Kamonyi,[[Akarere ka Ruhango|Ruhango]],Ndetse na [[Akarere ka Nyanza|Nyanza]]. [[Akarere ka Bugesera]] gatuwe n'[[Abaturage Rusange|abaturage]] bagera kuri 361 914.(ibarura rusange ry'abaturage ryo muri 2012)<ref>{{Cite web |title= Republika y’u Rwanda Intara y’lburasirazuba Akarere ka Bugesera |url=http://www.bugesera.gov.rw/index.php?id=83 |website=bugesera.gov.rw |accessdate=2020-07-18 |archive-date=2020-08-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804224703/http://www.bugesera.gov.rw/index.php?id=83 |url-status=dead }}</ref>.Akakarere gafite ubuso 1337km Bugesera igabanyijemo imirenge cumi n'itanu (15) [[Akagari|utugari]] 72,n'imidugudu 581<ref>https://www.bugesera.gov.rw/default-05333b7a14</ref>. Akarere ka Bugesera ni akarere karimo gutera imbere kuburyo bugaragara. Umutekano ugaragara muri kano karere uri muri bimwe bikurura abashoramari kuhashyira ibikorwa by'indashyikirwa. Twavuga nk'umushoramari wo muri Leta ya [[Qatar Airways|Qatar]], wemeye gushora imari mu mushinga wo kubaka ikibuga mpuzamahanga cy'indege.<ref>https://www.bugesera.gov.rw/default-05333b7a14</ref> [[Dosiye:Flag of Rwanda.svg|left|thumb|[[Rwanda]]]][[File:Palast_Rock_Hotel_located_in_Nyamata,_Bugesera_District1.jpg|alt=|thumb|Hoteli Palast Rock iherereye Nyamata, mu karere ka Bugesera]] Kubera umutekano urangwa muri kano Karere, inzego zose zirangwamo iterambere rishimishije: Inyubako zigendanye n'igishushanyo mbonera, amashuri meza mu byiciro byose, amavuriro meza,amahoteli yujuje ibisabwa kuburyo abagenderera kano Karere ntacyo bahabura.<ref>https://rw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Akarere_ka_Bugesera&veaction=edit</ref> Ikindi gishimishije muri kano karere ni iyubakwa ry'ikibuga cy'indege mpuzamahanga, kizunganira icyari gisanzwe giherereye mu mujyi wa [[Kigali]]. Aka karere kubatswemo Kandi inzibutso zishyinguwemo imibiri y'abazize jeniside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994.<ref>https://rw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Akarere_ka_Bugesera&veaction=edit</ref>karere ka Bugesera kagizwe n'Utugari mirongo irindwi na tubiri (72), Urwego rw'Akagari ni uRwego ruyoborwa n'Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa w'Akagali, Afatanyije n'Ushinzwe Imibereho Myiza, ndetse n'iterambere -SEDO (Social Economic Development Officer), nirwo rwego rwegereye abaturage, rukaba rushinzwe cyane cyane ubukangurambaga mu buhinzi, ubworozi, ubuzima, ndetse na gahunda za Leta.<ref>https://www.bugesera.gov.rw/default-05333b7a14</ref> Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa w'Akagari akorana bya hafi n'inzego zatowe n'abaturage cyane Njyanama, abashinzwe ubuzima n'abandi bashobora gufasha mu iterambere rusange ry'Abaturage. == Imirenge == Akarere ka Bugesera kagabanijwemo [[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|imirenge]] 15 : [[Gashora]], [[Umurenge wa Juru|Juru]], [[Umurenge wa Kamabuye|Kamabuye]], [[Umurenge wa Ntarama|Ntarama]], [[Umurenge wa Mareba|Mareba]], [[Umurenge wa Mayange|Mayange]], [[Umurenge wa Musenyi|Musenyi]], [[Umurenge wa Mwogo|Mwogo]], [[Umurenge wa Ngeruka|Ngeruka]], [[Umurenge wa Nyamata|Nyamata]], [[Umurenge wa Nyarugenge|Nyarugenge]], [[Umurenge wa Rilima|Rilima]], [[Umurenge wa Ruhuha|Ruhuha]], [[Umurenge wa Rweru|Rweru]] na [[Umurenge wa Shyara|Shyara]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Menya Bugesera |url=https://www.bugesera.gov.rw/default-05333b7a14 |website=bugesera.gov.rw |accessdate=2024-05-22}}</ref> [[File:Nyabarongo_River_Scene_with_Bugesera_Marshes_-_Outside_Kigali_-_Rwanda_-_01_(7679548058).jpg|thumb|Umugezi wa Nyabarongo uhereye mu Bugesera mu nyengero za Kigali]] == IBIKORWA REMEZO == [[Dosiye:INDEGE1.jpg|thumb|Bugesera]] Ubu akarere ka Bugesera kashyizwe muturere twunganira kigali,kubera ko gafite ibikorwa remezo harimo ikibuga cy' indenge cya Bugesera kiri kubakwa m'umrenge wa Rilima.<ref>https://rw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Akarere_ka_Bugesera&veaction=edit</ref> Muri aka karere harimo inganda zitandukanye twavuga nka [[Imana]] Steel Rwanda uruganda rukora ibyuma byubwubatsi.Uru ruganda rw'aubatse mu murenge wa Gashora<ref>https://www.bugesera.gov.rw/default-05333b7a14</ref> mu akagari ka gasaga.Mumurenge wa ntarama naho hubatsemo uruganda rukora amasabune ndetse n'impapuro z'isuku.<ref>https://www.bugesera.gov.rw/default-05333b7a14</ref> === SERIVISI Z'AMAZI === Si ibyo gusa kuko mu umurenge wa Nyarugenge<ref>https://imvahonshya.co.rw/bugesera-huzuye-ibikorwa-remezo-byisuku-nisukura-bya-miliyoni-750-frw/</ref> mu Akarere ka bugesera huzuye ibikorwa remezo byatwaye asaga miliyoni<ref>https://imvahonshya.co.rw/bugesera-huzuye-ibikorwa-remezo-byisuku-nisukura-bya-miliyoni-750-frw/</ref> 750 z'amafaranga y'u Rwanda,birimo umuyoboro wa amazi ungana na kilometero 28,2 witezwe ho guha amazi abaturage basaga 11,400 b'uwo murenge<ref>https://imvahonshya.co.rw/bugesera-huzuye-ibikorwa-remezo-byisuku-nisukura-bya-miliyoni-750-frw/</ref> utuwemo n'ababarirwa<ref>https://imvahonshya.co.rw/bugesera-huzuye-ibikorwa-remezo-byisuku-nisukura-bya-miliyoni-750-frw/</ref> mu ibihumbi 25.Uretse ibyo muri uwo murenge huzuye ibigega 2 kimwe gifite metero<ref>https://imvahonshya.co.rw/bugesera-huzuye-ibikorwa-remezo-byisuku-nisukura-bya-miliyoni-750-frw/</ref> kibe100 ikindi gifite metero kibe 25.Hubatswe kandi amavomo 27 ndetse hasanwa andi 7 yari yarangiritse<ref>https://imvahonshya.co.rw/bugesera-huzuye-ibikorwa-remezo-byisuku-nisukura-bya-miliyoni-750-frw/</ref> === SERIVISI Z'UMURIRO === Amashanyarazi muri aka karere ari kukigero kiza kuko abasaga kimwe cya kabiri cyabaturage batuye muri aka karere bafite umuriro mungo zabo<ref>https://www.bugesera.gov.rw/soma-ibindi/ingo-292-zabonye-umuriro-wamashrazi-muri-musenyi</ref> ndetse naho bakorera,ikindi kandi abatarawubona bizeye kuwubona bitarenze uyu mwaka kuko ibikorw byo kubaka umuyoboro wayo bigeze kuri 25%.Abaturage batarabona umuriro w'amashanyarazi<ref>https://www.bugesera.gov.rw/soma-ibindi/ingo-292-zabonye-umuriro-wamashrazi-muri-musenyi</ref> bakoresha imirasire. === IMIHANDA === [[Dosiye:BugeseraMap.jpg|thumb|Bugesera District]] Muri aka karere harimo imihanda myiza cyane y'ifashishwa mu itumanaho.Ahantu henshi muri aka karere harimo imihanda ya kaburimbo.Imwe muri iyo mihanda harimo umuhanda<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/nyamata-mu-mezi-umunani-imihanda-itandukanye-izaba-irimo-kaburimbo</ref> uva kuri kaburimbo y'imbere y'ikigo cy'urubyiruko cyabugesera,ukanyura munsi y'ikigondera buzima cya Nyamata,ukanyura kuri cafe`-Nyamata akagera kuri sitasiyo ya lisansi ya Rubis kumuhanda munini wa kaburimbo.Hari undi uva iruhande rwa ruhurura iri iruhande rw'inyubako ikoreramo banki ya Kigali ugakomeza iruhande rw'ahahoze ibagiro rya kera ukagera k'umuhanda wa kaburimbo ugera ikarambi.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/nyamata-mu-mezi-umunani-imihanda-itandukanye-izaba-irimo-kaburimbo</ref> === UBUREZI === [[Dosiye:ADEPR Nyamata District Hospital.jpg|thumb|225x225px|ibitaro bya Nyamata]] Abaturage batuye akarere ka bugesera bavugako batakigorwa<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/uburezi/amashuri/article/bugesera-bishimira-ko-bageze-ku-mashuri-yisumbuye-71-bavuye-kuri-abiri</ref> no kubona amashuri ya abana babo ugereranyije n'uko byari bimeze.Mbere ya genocide<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/uburezi/amashuri/article/bugesera-bishimira-ko-bageze-ku-mashuri-yisumbuye-71-bavuye-kuri-abiri</ref> muri aka karere habagamo ibigo by'amashuri yisumbuye 2 gusa ariko ubungubu habamo ibigo 71 byamashuri<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/uburezi/amashuri/article/bugesera-bishimira-ko-bageze-ku-mashuri-yisumbuye-71-bavuye-kuri-abiri</ref> y'isumbuye.Muri ibyo bigo harimo<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/uburezi/amashuri/article/bugesera-bishimira-ko-bageze-ku-mashuri-yisumbuye-71-bavuye-kuri-abiri</ref> ibicumbikira abanyeshuri ndetse n'ibyo bigamo bataha.ingero z'ibicumbikira abanyeshuri ni izi zikurikira.-Neison mandela TSS,Ruhuha VTC,Nyamata TSS,Gitagata<ref>https://www.nesa.gov.rw/index.php?eID=dumpFile&t=f&f=107855&token=d5b9029cec31aec755594cf2471c1c32a2424bd8</ref> Rehabilation Center VTC,Blue lake international school<ref>https://www.nesa.gov.rw/index.php?eID=dumpFile&t=f&f=107855&token=d5b9029cec31aec755594cf2471c1c32a2424bd8</ref> nibindi byinshi.Ibigo didacumbikira abanyeshuri bo muri akakarere nabyo ni byinshi,urugero ni nka:GSMusenyi/TSS,Batima TSS<ref>https://www.nesa.gov.rw/index.php?eID=dumpFile&t=f&f=107855&token=d5b9029cec31aec755594cf2471c1c32a2424bd8</ref>,GSDihiro,Urumuri community center VTC,GSMareba/TSS,GSRugando nibindi byinshi.Si amashuri yisumbuye gusa kuko hari n'amashuri y'inshuke ndetse n'aabanza.muri ayo harimo:GSRuhuha,EPRugero,GSMareba,GSMaraba,GSNyirarukobwa<ref>https://www.nesa.gov.rw/index.php?eID=dumpFile&t=f&f=107855&token=d5b9029cec31aec755594cf2471c1c32a2424bd8</ref>,GSMurama,EPMunzenze,EPKagano ...Muri rusange akarere ka bugesera kari kurugero<ref>https://www.nesa.gov.rw/index.php?eID=dumpFile&t=f&f=107855&token=d5b9029cec31aec755594cf2471c1c32a2424bd8</ref> rushimishije ku ibijyanye n'uburezi kuko abana biga bisanzuye.Bugesera ifite ibigo by'amashuri bisaga 159. === SERIVISI Z'UBUZIMA === Mu akarere ka bugesera<ref>https://nyamatahospital.prod.risa.rw/about-us/nyamata-dh#:~:text=The%20hospital%20provides%20health%20care,Our%20Values%20Values</ref> harimo ibigondera buzima byinshi bitandukanye harimo:Gashora,Rilima,Mayange,Juru,Mwongo,nzangwa,Mareba,Ruhuha,Gihinga,Nyarugenge,Kamabuye<ref>https://nyamatahospital.prod.risa.rw/about-us/nyamata-dh#:~:text=The%20hospital%20provides%20health%20care,Our%20Values%20Values</ref>,Ntarama,Gakurazo,Ngeruka,na Nyamata.Ibitaro bya nyamata<ref>https://nyamatahospital.prod.risa.rw/about-us/nyamata-dh#:~:text=The%20hospital%20provides%20health%20care,Our%20Values%20Values</ref> biha abaturage 434,668 serivisi z'ubuzima zitandukanye.Ibibitaro bifite ubushobozi bwo kwakira ababyeyi<ref>https://nyamatahospital.prod.risa.rw/about-us/nyamata-dh#:~:text=The%20hospital%20provides%20health%20care,Our%20Values%20Values</ref> miliyoni ebyiri batwite kand bakabyara neza. [[Dosiye:Nyamata Genocide memorial.jpg|thumb|270x270px|Urwibutso rwa Nyamata]] Si ibyo gusa kuko muri aka karere harimo n'urwibutso rwa Nyamata<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/kwibuka/article/bugesera-urubyiruko-rwasuye-urwibutso-rwa-jenoside-rwa-nyamata</ref> ruruhukiyemo imibiri isaga 45,000y'abatutsi biciwe<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/kwibuka/article/bugesera-urubyiruko-rwasuye-urwibutso-rwa-jenoside-rwa-nyamata</ref> muri Nyamata no munkengero zayo muri genocide yakorewe abatutsi mu mwaka wi 1994<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/kwibuka/article/bugesera-urubyiruko-rwasuye-urwibutso-rwa-jenoside-rwa-nyamata</ref>. Si ibyo gusa kuko muri kano karere hari amakipe menshi urugero ni nka [[Bugesera Fc|Bugesera FC]] akaba ari nayo kipe yambere kurwego rwakarere.Iyi kipe ifite abakinnyi bahagije kandi b'umumaro ibi akaba ari nabyo byayifashije kwegukana igikombe k'intara y'iburasirazuba ku wa 30 Nyakanga 2023. [[Dosiye:Selling clothes in bugesera market.jpg|thumb|295x295px|isoko ricuruza imyenda muri bugesera]] === AMASOKO MURI BUGESERA === [[Dosiye:Bugesera market.jpg|thumb|isoko ricuruza ibiribwa muri bugesera]] Aka karere gafite amasoko menshi atandukanye kandi ari ahantu henshi hatandukanye kuburyo byorohera abaturage bose kugera kuri ayo masoko byihuse.Amwe mu amasoko yo muri bugesera ni aya akurikira:Isoko rya Nyamata,isoko rya Ntarama,Isoko rya musenyi,Isoko rya rilima nayandi menshi atandukanye. === UBUHINZI N"UBWOROZI MURI BUGESERA === ==== UBUHINZI ==== [[Dosiye:Torridge , Crops Growing - geograph.org.uk - 4076804.jpg|thumb|267x267px|ubuhinzi bw'ingano muri bugesera]] Mu karere ka bugesera abaturage benshi batunzwe n'umwuga wubuhinzi.Ahanini usanga abaturage bahinga ibihingwa ngandurarugo<ref>https://www.bugesera.gov.rw/soma-ibindi/minisitiri-wubuhinzi-niterambere-ryicyaro-muri-repubulika-ya-centre-afrika-yasuye-bugesera</ref> gusa ariko ibi ntibikuraho ko hari n'abahinga ibihingwa ngengabukungu.Bimwe mu ibihingwa ngandurarugo bikunze guhingwa muri aka karere ni:-ibirayi,ibigori,[[soya]],[[ibijumba]],imyumbati,<ref>https://www.bugesera.gov.rw/soma-ibindi/minisitiri-wubuhinzi-niterambere-ryicyaro-muri-repubulika-ya-centre-afrika-yasuye-bugesera</ref>amateke,intoryi,ingano ndetse n'ibindi. ibihingwa ngengabukungu bikunze guhingwa muri akakarere ni:umuceri,[[ikawa]],nibindi. ==== IMBOGAMIZI ==== Abahinzi bo muri aka karere bakunze guhura n'imbogamizi zitandukanye zirimo: -Kubura inyongera musaruro -Imihindagurikire y'ikirere -Ubutaka busharira. -Kubura imbuto,cg bakayibona bakerewe. -Ibiza bikomoka ku mihindagurikire y'ikirere. ==== UBWOROZI ==== Muri aka karere abaturage borora amatungo atandukanye yaba amagufi<ref>https://www.bugesera.gov.rw/soma-ibindi/minisitiri-wubuhinzi-niterambere-ryicyaro-muri-repubulika-ya-centre-afrika-yasuye-bugesera</ref> n'amaremare.Amwe mu amatungo maremare yororerwa muri akakarere ni:inka.Naho amagufi yororwa ni:inkoko,intama,[[ihene]],imbata nayandi atandukanye.<ref>https://www.bugesera.gov.rw/soma-ibindi/minisitiri-wubuhinzi-niterambere-ryicyaro-muri-repubulika-ya-centre-afrika-yasuye-bugesera</ref> ==== IMBOGAMIZI ==== Aborozi bo muri aka karere bukunze guhura [[Imboga|n'imboga]] mizi zitandukanye zirimo<ref>https://www.bugesera.gov.rw/soma-ibindi/minisitiri-wubuhinzi-niterambere-ryicyaro-muri-repubulika-ya-centre-afrika-yasuye-bugesera</ref>: -Kubura ubwatsi -Kubura amazi [[Dosiye:Ubworozi bw'amahungo magufi.jpg|thumb|ubworozi bw'ihene muri Bugesera]] -Ibirondwe -Kubura imyunyu.<ref>https://www.bugesera.gov.rw/soma-ibindi/minisitiri-wubuhinzi-niterambere-ryicyaro-muri-repubulika-ya-centre-afrika-yasuye-bugesera</ref> -Indwara zitandukanye ==== AKAMARO K'AMATUNGO ==== -amatungo atanga ifumbire bakoresha m'ubuhinzi. -amwe muriyo aragurishwa hakaboneka amafaranga -amwe muriyo araribwa. ==== UKO ABATURAGE BARWANYA IMBOGAMIZI ==== -Batera imiti amatungo yabo -bahunika ubwatsi [[Category:Akarere ka Bugesera| ]] f6iyh31cllmdujlnyvfovq74wl74ka1 133869 133868 2026-07-20T15:29:28Z Yves ganwa 13251 133869 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Bugesera_district_map.jpg|alt=|thumb|289x289px|Ikarita y'akarere ka Bugesera ]] '''Bugesera''' ni Akarere kamwe mu turere mirongo itatu (30) tugize [[igihugu]] cy'u [[Rwanda]] . '''[[Akarere ka Burera|Bugesera]]''' iherereye mu i[[ntara y’Iburasirazuba|ntara y’uburasirazuba]] ahagana mu majyepfo ashyira iburasirazuba bw'u [[Rwanda]].Aka karere gahana imbibi n'igihugu cy'abaturanyi cy'u BURUNDI.Aka karere kandi gahana imbibi n'uturere nka Ngoma,Rwamagana,[[Akarere ka Kicukiro|Kicukiro]],Nyarugenge,Kamonyi,[[Akarere ka Ruhango|Ruhango]],Ndetse na [[Akarere ka Nyanza|Nyanza]]. [[Akarere ka Bugesera]] gatuwe n'[[Abaturage Rusange|abaturage]] bagera kuri 361 914.(ibarura rusange ry'abaturage ryo muri 2012)<ref>{{Cite web |title= Republika y’u Rwanda Intara y’lburasirazuba Akarere ka Bugesera |url=http://www.bugesera.gov.rw/index.php?id=83 |website=bugesera.gov.rw |accessdate=2020-07-18 |archive-date=2020-08-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804224703/http://www.bugesera.gov.rw/index.php?id=83 |url-status=dead }}</ref>.Akakarere gafite ubuso 1337km Bugesera igabanyijemo imirenge cumi n'itanu (15) [[Akagari|utugari]] 72,n'imidugudu 581<ref>https://www.bugesera.gov.rw/default-05333b7a14</ref>. Akarere ka Bugesera ni akarere karimo gutera imbere kuburyo bugaragara. Umutekano ugaragara muri kano karere uri muri bimwe bikurura abashoramari kuhashyira ibikorwa by'indashyikirwa. Twavuga nk'umushoramari wo muri Leta ya [[Qatar Airways|Qatar]], wemeye gushora imari mu mushinga wo kubaka ikibuga mpuzamahanga cy'indege.<ref>https://www.bugesera.gov.rw/default-05333b7a14</ref> [[Dosiye:Flag of Rwanda.svg|left|thumb|[[Rwanda]]]][[File:Palast_Rock_Hotel_located_in_Nyamata,_Bugesera_District1.jpg|alt=|thumb|Hoteli Palast Rock iherereye Nyamata, mu karere ka Bugesera]] Kubera umutekano urangwa muri kano Karere, inzego zose zirangwamo iterambere rishimishije: Inyubako zigendanye n'igishushanyo mbonera, amashuri meza mu byiciro byose, amavuriro meza,amahoteli yujuje ibisabwa kuburyo abagenderera kano Karere ntacyo bahabura.<ref>https://rw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Akarere_ka_Bugesera&veaction=edit</ref> Ikindi gishimishije muri kano karere ni iyubakwa ry'ikibuga cy'indege mpuzamahanga, kizunganira icyari gisanzwe giherereye mu mujyi wa [[Kigali]]. Aka karere kubatswemo Kandi inzibutso zishyinguwemo imibiri y'abazize jeniside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994.<ref>https://rw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Akarere_ka_Bugesera&veaction=edit</ref>karere ka Bugesera kagizwe n'Utugari mirongo irindwi na tubiri (72), Urwego rw'Akagari ni uRwego ruyoborwa n'Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa w'Akagali, Afatanyije n'Ushinzwe Imibereho Myiza, ndetse n'iterambere -SEDO (Social Economic Development Officer), nirwo rwego rwegereye abaturage, rukaba rushinzwe cyane cyane ubukangurambaga mu buhinzi, ubworozi, ubuzima, ndetse na gahunda za Leta.<ref>https://www.bugesera.gov.rw/default-05333b7a14</ref> Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa w'Akagari akorana bya hafi n'inzego zatowe n'abaturage cyane Njyanama, abashinzwe ubuzima n'abandi bashobora gufasha mu iterambere rusange ry'Abaturage. == Imirenge == Akarere ka Bugesera kagabanijwemo [[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|imirenge]] 15 : [[Gashora]], [[Umurenge wa Juru|Juru]], [[Umurenge wa Kamabuye|Kamabuye]], [[Umurenge wa Ntarama|Ntarama]], [[Umurenge wa Mareba|Mareba]], [[Umurenge wa Mayange|Mayange]], [[Umurenge wa Musenyi|Musenyi]], [[Umurenge wa Mwogo|Mwogo]], [[Umurenge wa Ngeruka|Ngeruka]], [[Umurenge wa Nyamata|Nyamata]], [[Umurenge wa Nyarugenge|Nyarugenge]], [[Umurenge wa Rilima|Rilima]], [[Umurenge wa Ruhuha|Ruhuha]], [[Umurenge wa Rweru|Rweru]] na [[Umurenge wa Shyara|Shyara]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Menya Bugesera |url=https://www.bugesera.gov.rw/default-05333b7a14 |website=bugesera.gov.rw |accessdate=2024-05-22}}</ref> [[File:Nyabarongo_River_Scene_with_Bugesera_Marshes_-_Outside_Kigali_-_Rwanda_-_01_(7679548058).jpg|thumb|Umugezi wa Nyabarongo uhereye mu Bugesera mu nyengero za Kigali]] == IBIKORWA REMEZO == [[Dosiye:INDEGE1.jpg|thumb|Bugesera]] Ubu akarere ka Bugesera kashyizwe muturere twunganira kigali,kubera ko gafite ibikorwa remezo harimo ikibuga cy' indenge cya Bugesera kiri kubakwa m'umrenge wa Rilima.<ref>https://rw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Akarere_ka_Bugesera&veaction=edit</ref> Muri aka karere harimo inganda zitandukanye twavuga nka [[Imana]] Steel Rwanda uruganda rukora ibyuma byubwubatsi.Uru ruganda rw'aubatse mu murenge wa Gashora<ref>https://www.bugesera.gov.rw/default-05333b7a14</ref> mu akagari ka gasaga.Mumurenge wa ntarama naho hubatsemo uruganda rukora amasabune ndetse n'impapuro z'isuku.<ref>https://www.bugesera.gov.rw/default-05333b7a14</ref> === SERIVISI Z'AMAZI === Si ibyo gusa kuko mu umurenge wa Nyarugenge<ref>https://imvahonshya.co.rw/bugesera-huzuye-ibikorwa-remezo-byisuku-nisukura-bya-miliyoni-750-frw/</ref> mu Akarere ka bugesera huzuye ibikorwa remezo byatwaye asaga miliyoni<ref>https://imvahonshya.co.rw/bugesera-huzuye-ibikorwa-remezo-byisuku-nisukura-bya-miliyoni-750-frw/</ref> 750 z'amafaranga y'u Rwanda,birimo umuyoboro wa amazi ungana na kilometero 28,2 witezwe ho guha amazi abaturage basaga 11,400 b'uwo murenge<ref>https://imvahonshya.co.rw/bugesera-huzuye-ibikorwa-remezo-byisuku-nisukura-bya-miliyoni-750-frw/</ref> utuwemo n'ababarirwa<ref>https://imvahonshya.co.rw/bugesera-huzuye-ibikorwa-remezo-byisuku-nisukura-bya-miliyoni-750-frw/</ref> mu ibihumbi 25.Uretse ibyo muri uwo murenge huzuye ibigega 2 kimwe gifite metero<ref>https://imvahonshya.co.rw/bugesera-huzuye-ibikorwa-remezo-byisuku-nisukura-bya-miliyoni-750-frw/</ref> kibe100 ikindi gifite metero kibe 25.Hubatswe kandi amavomo 27 ndetse hasanwa andi 7 yari yarangiritse<ref>https://imvahonshya.co.rw/bugesera-huzuye-ibikorwa-remezo-byisuku-nisukura-bya-miliyoni-750-frw/</ref> === SERIVISI Z'UMURIRO === Amashanyarazi muri aka karere ari kukigero kiza kuko abasaga kimwe cya kabiri cyabaturage batuye muri aka karere bafite umuriro mungo zabo<ref>https://www.bugesera.gov.rw/soma-ibindi/ingo-292-zabonye-umuriro-wamashrazi-muri-musenyi</ref> ndetse naho bakorera,ikindi kandi abatarawubona bizeye kuwubona bitarenze uyu mwaka kuko ibikorw byo kubaka umuyoboro wayo bigeze kuri 25%.Abaturage batarabona umuriro w'amashanyarazi<ref>https://www.bugesera.gov.rw/soma-ibindi/ingo-292-zabonye-umuriro-wamashrazi-muri-musenyi</ref> bakoresha imirasire. === IMIHANDA === [[Dosiye:BugeseraMap.jpg|thumb|Bugesera District]] Muri aka karere harimo imihanda myiza cyane y'ifashishwa mu itumanaho.Ahantu henshi muri aka karere harimo imihanda ya kaburimbo.Imwe muri iyo mihanda harimo umuhanda<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/nyamata-mu-mezi-umunani-imihanda-itandukanye-izaba-irimo-kaburimbo</ref> uva kuri kaburimbo y'imbere y'ikigo cy'urubyiruko cyabugesera,ukanyura munsi y'ikigondera buzima cya Nyamata,ukanyura kuri cafe`-Nyamata akagera kuri sitasiyo ya lisansi ya Rubis kumuhanda munini wa kaburimbo.Hari undi uva iruhande rwa ruhurura iri iruhande rw'inyubako ikoreramo banki ya Kigali ugakomeza iruhande rw'ahahoze ibagiro rya kera ukagera k'umuhanda wa kaburimbo ugera ikarambi.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/nyamata-mu-mezi-umunani-imihanda-itandukanye-izaba-irimo-kaburimbo</ref> === UBUREZI === [[Dosiye:ADEPR Nyamata District Hospital.jpg|thumb|225x225px|ibitaro bya Nyamata]] Abaturage batuye akarere ka bugesera bavugako batakigorwa<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/uburezi/amashuri/article/bugesera-bishimira-ko-bageze-ku-mashuri-yisumbuye-71-bavuye-kuri-abiri</ref> no kubona amashuri ya abana babo ugereranyije n'uko byari bimeze.Mbere ya genocide<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/uburezi/amashuri/article/bugesera-bishimira-ko-bageze-ku-mashuri-yisumbuye-71-bavuye-kuri-abiri</ref> muri aka karere habagamo ibigo by'amashuri yisumbuye 2 gusa ariko ubungubu habamo ibigo 71 byamashuri<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/uburezi/amashuri/article/bugesera-bishimira-ko-bageze-ku-mashuri-yisumbuye-71-bavuye-kuri-abiri</ref> y'isumbuye.Muri ibyo bigo harimo<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/uburezi/amashuri/article/bugesera-bishimira-ko-bageze-ku-mashuri-yisumbuye-71-bavuye-kuri-abiri</ref> ibicumbikira abanyeshuri ndetse n'ibyo bigamo bataha.ingero z'ibicumbikira abanyeshuri ni izi zikurikira.-Neison mandela TSS,Ruhuha VTC,Nyamata TSS,Gitagata<ref>https://www.nesa.gov.rw/index.php?eID=dumpFile&t=f&f=107855&token=d5b9029cec31aec755594cf2471c1c32a2424bd8</ref> Rehabilation Center VTC,Blue lake international school<ref>https://www.nesa.gov.rw/index.php?eID=dumpFile&t=f&f=107855&token=d5b9029cec31aec755594cf2471c1c32a2424bd8</ref> nibindi byinshi.Ibigo didacumbikira abanyeshuri bo muri akakarere nabyo ni byinshi,urugero ni nka:GSMusenyi/TSS,Batima TSS<ref>https://www.nesa.gov.rw/index.php?eID=dumpFile&t=f&f=107855&token=d5b9029cec31aec755594cf2471c1c32a2424bd8</ref>,GSDihiro,Urumuri community center VTC,GSMareba/TSS,GSRugando nibindi byinshi.Si amashuri yisumbuye gusa kuko hari n'amashuri y'inshuke ndetse n'aabanza.muri ayo harimo:GSRuhuha,EPRugero,GSMareba,GSMaraba,GSNyirarukobwa<ref>https://www.nesa.gov.rw/index.php?eID=dumpFile&t=f&f=107855&token=d5b9029cec31aec755594cf2471c1c32a2424bd8</ref>,GSMurama,EPMunzenze,EPKagano ...Muri rusange akarere ka bugesera kari kurugero<ref>https://www.nesa.gov.rw/index.php?eID=dumpFile&t=f&f=107855&token=d5b9029cec31aec755594cf2471c1c32a2424bd8</ref> rushimishije ku ibijyanye n'uburezi kuko abana biga bisanzuye.Bugesera ifite ibigo by'amashuri bisaga 159. === SERIVISI Z'UBUZIMA === Mu akarere ka bugesera<ref>https://nyamatahospital.prod.risa.rw/about-us/nyamata-dh#:~:text=The%20hospital%20provides%20health%20care,Our%20Values%20Values</ref> harimo ibigondera buzima byinshi bitandukanye harimo:Gashora,Rilima,Mayange,Juru,Mwongo,nzangwa,Mareba,Ruhuha,Gihinga,Nyarugenge,Kamabuye<ref>https://nyamatahospital.prod.risa.rw/about-us/nyamata-dh#:~:text=The%20hospital%20provides%20health%20care,Our%20Values%20Values</ref>,Ntarama,Gakurazo,Ngeruka,na Nyamata.Ibitaro bya nyamata<ref>https://nyamatahospital.prod.risa.rw/about-us/nyamata-dh#:~:text=The%20hospital%20provides%20health%20care,Our%20Values%20Values</ref> biha abaturage 434,668 serivisi z'ubuzima zitandukanye.Ibibitaro bifite ubushobozi bwo kwakira ababyeyi<ref>https://nyamatahospital.prod.risa.rw/about-us/nyamata-dh#:~:text=The%20hospital%20provides%20health%20care,Our%20Values%20Values</ref> miliyoni ebyiri batwite kand bakabyara neza. [[Dosiye:Nyamata Genocide memorial.jpg|thumb|270x270px|Urwibutso rwa Nyamata]] Si ibyo gusa kuko muri aka karere harimo n'urwibutso rwa Nyamata<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/kwibuka/article/bugesera-urubyiruko-rwasuye-urwibutso-rwa-jenoside-rwa-nyamata</ref> ruruhukiyemo imibiri isaga 45,000y'abatutsi biciwe<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/kwibuka/article/bugesera-urubyiruko-rwasuye-urwibutso-rwa-jenoside-rwa-nyamata</ref> muri Nyamata no munkengero zayo muri genocide yakorewe abatutsi mu mwaka wi 1994<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/kwibuka/article/bugesera-urubyiruko-rwasuye-urwibutso-rwa-jenoside-rwa-nyamata</ref>. Si ibyo gusa kuko muri kano karere hari amakipe menshi urugero ni nka [[Bugesera Fc|Bugesera FC]] akaba ari nayo kipe yambere kurwego rwakarere.Iyi kipe ifite abakinnyi bahagije kandi b'umumaro ibi akaba ari nabyo byayifashije kwegukana igikombe k'intara y'iburasirazuba ku wa 30 Nyakanga 2023. [[Dosiye:Selling clothes in bugesera market.jpg|thumb|295x295px|isoko ricuruza imyenda muri bugesera]] === AMASOKO MURI BUGESERA === [[Dosiye:Bugesera market.jpg|thumb|isoko ricuruza ibiribwa muri bugesera]] Aka karere gafite amasoko menshi atandukanye kandi ari ahantu henshi hatandukanye kuburyo byorohera abaturage bose kugera kuri ayo masoko byihuse.Amwe mu amasoko yo muri bugesera ni aya akurikira:Isoko rya Nyamata,isoko rya Ntarama,Isoko rya musenyi,Isoko rya rilima nayandi menshi atandukanye. === UBUHINZI N"UBWOROZI MURI BUGESERA === ==== UBUHINZI ==== [[Dosiye:Torridge , Crops Growing - geograph.org.uk - 4076804.jpg|thumb|267x267px|ubuhinzi bw'ingano muri bugesera]] Mu karere ka bugesera abaturage benshi batunzwe n'umwuga wubuhinzi.Ahanini usanga abaturage bahinga ibihingwa ngandurarugo<ref>https://www.bugesera.gov.rw/soma-ibindi/minisitiri-wubuhinzi-niterambere-ryicyaro-muri-repubulika-ya-centre-afrika-yasuye-bugesera</ref> gusa ariko ibi ntibikuraho ko hari n'abahinga ibihingwa ngengabukungu.Bimwe mu ibihingwa ngandurarugo bikunze guhingwa muri aka karere ni:-ibirayi,ibigori,[[soya]],[[ibijumba]],imyumbati,<ref>https://www.bugesera.gov.rw/soma-ibindi/minisitiri-wubuhinzi-niterambere-ryicyaro-muri-repubulika-ya-centre-afrika-yasuye-bugesera</ref>amateke,intoryi,ingano ndetse n'ibindi. ibihingwa ngengabukungu bikunze guhingwa muri akakarere ni:umuceri,[[ikawa]],nibindi. ==== IMBOGAMIZI ==== Abahinzi bo muri aka karere bakunze guhura n'imbogamizi zitandukanye zirimo: -Kubura inyongera musaruro -Imihindagurikire y'ikirere -Ubutaka busharira. -Kubura imbuto,cg bakayibona bakerewe. -Ibiza bikomoka ku mihindagurikire y'ikirere. ==== UBWOROZI ==== Muri aka karere abaturage borora amatungo atandukanye yaba amagufi<ref>https://www.bugesera.gov.rw/soma-ibindi/minisitiri-wubuhinzi-niterambere-ryicyaro-muri-repubulika-ya-centre-afrika-yasuye-bugesera</ref> n'amaremare.Amwe mu amatungo maremare yororerwa muri akakarere ni:inka.Naho amagufi yororwa ni:inkoko,intama,[[ihene]],imbata nayandi atandukanye.<ref>https://www.bugesera.gov.rw/soma-ibindi/minisitiri-wubuhinzi-niterambere-ryicyaro-muri-repubulika-ya-centre-afrika-yasuye-bugesera</ref> ==== IMBOGAMIZI ==== Aborozi bo muri aka karere bukunze guhura [[Imboga|n'imboga]] mizi zitandukanye zirimo<ref>https://www.bugesera.gov.rw/soma-ibindi/minisitiri-wubuhinzi-niterambere-ryicyaro-muri-repubulika-ya-centre-afrika-yasuye-bugesera</ref>: -Kubura ubwatsi -Kubura amazi [[Dosiye:Ubworozi bw'amahungo magufi.jpg|thumb|ubworozi bw'ihene muri Bugesera]] -Ibirondwe -Kubura imyunyu.<ref>https://www.bugesera.gov.rw/soma-ibindi/minisitiri-wubuhinzi-niterambere-ryicyaro-muri-repubulika-ya-centre-afrika-yasuye-bugesera</ref> -Indwara zitandukanye ==== AKAMARO K'AMATUNGO ==== -amatungo atanga ifumbire bakoresha m'ubuhinzi. -amwe muriyo aragurishwa hakaboneka amafaranga -amwe muriyo araribwa. ==== UKO ABATURAGE BARWANYA IMBOGAMIZI ==== -Batera imiti amatungo yabo -bahunika ubwatsi == Amashakiro == [[Category:Akarere ka Bugesera| ]] 6dyejbxsp4noxg7jevmleqw0w3ngmau 0 8433 133940 123930 2026-07-21T22:16:42Z Score Beethoven 11559 133940 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:HuyeDist.png|thumb|Ikarita y’Akarere ka Huye, Umurenge wa Tumba uherereyemo.]] [[Dosiye:Huye_mainstreet_Rwanda_taken_June_2009.jpg|thumb|Umuhanda mukuru mu mujyi wa Huye mu 2009.]] '''Umurenge wa Tumba''' ni umwe mu mirenge 14 igize [[Akarere ka Huye]], mu [[Intara y’Amajyepfo]] y’u Rwanda. Igice kinini cy’abaturage bawo gituye mu bice by’umujyi wa Huye. == Imiterere y’ubuyobozi == Umurenge wa Tumba ugizwe n’utugari dutanu: * Cyarwa; * Cyimana; * Gitwa; * Mpare; * Rango B.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200920134411/http://www.huye.gov.rw/index.php?id=83 « Imiterere y’ubuyobozi bw’Akarere ka Huye »], Akarere ka Huye, urupapuro rwabitswe ku wa 20 Nzeri 2020.</ref> == Abaturage == Mu ibarura rusange ry’abaturage n’imiturire ryo mu 2012, Umurenge wa Tumba wari utuwe n’abaturage 31.399. Muri uwo mwaka wari umurenge utuwe n’abantu benshi kurusha indi mirenge y’Akarere ka Huye.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20210117054544/https://huye.gov.rw/fileadmin/templates/document/Huye_DDS_2018-2024.pdf ''Huye District Development Strategy 2018–2024''], Akarere ka Huye.</ref> Mu 2022, abaturage bari bageze kuri 37.153, barimo abagore 19.366 n’abagabo 17.787. Tumba yari igifite abaturage benshi kurusha indi mirenge 13 y’Akarere ka Huye.<ref name="abaturage">[https://citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/huye/2414__tumba/ « Tumba (Sector, Rwanda) »], ''City Population'', hashingiwe ku mibare y’Ikigo cy’Igihugu cy’Ibarurishamibare cy’u Rwanda.</ref> Muri abo baturage, 30.529 bari batuye mu bice by’umujyi naho 6.624 bakaba bari batuye mu bice by’icyaro.<ref name="abaturage" /> == Ubumenyi bw’isi == Umurenge wa Tumba ufite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 17,93.<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Tumba_Sector_(Huye) « Tumba Sector (Huye) »], ''Wikimedia Commons''.</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Huye|Tumba]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Tumba]] 8lnbdztjbvjj3bwxdfj5wnvh96x0p8a 0 8453 133915 123926 2026-07-21T17:46:17Z Score Beethoven 11559 133915 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Kiramuruzi.jpg|thumb|Umurenge wa Kiramuruzi mu karere ka Gatsibo]] '''Kiramuruzi''' ni umurenge uherereye mu [[Akarere ka Gatsibo|karere ka Gatsibo]] mu ntara y'iburasirazuba<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20201024135910/https://gatsibo.gov.rw/index.php?id=83 « Umurenge wa Kiramuruzi »], ''Akarere ka Gatsibo'', inyandiko yabitswe ku wa 24 Ukwakira 2020, yasuwe ku wa 25 Nzeri 2020.</ref>. === Amashakiro === {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Gatsibo]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda]] bcgvxxwe5j62gdg640x7lrcu9rs4oej 0 8533 134034 125476 2026-07-22T15:19:56Z B.Scalling 15089 134034 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Dr. Agnes-Binagwaho.jpg|thumb|Dr. Agnes Binagwaho]]{{Databox|excludeProperties=Q4693015|useImage=[[File:Dr. Agnes Binagwaho Image.jpg|Dr._Agnes_Binagwaho_Image]]}} '''Dr. Agnes Binagwaho''' ni umuganga w’abana mu [[Rwanda]], ubu akaba ari Umuyobozi wungirije wa [[University of Global Health Equity]] (UGHE). Kuva mu 1996, yagiye yita ku mavuriro mu nzego za Leta ndetse anayobora imishinga myinshi, imicungire y’inzego z'ubuzima, ndetse yakoze ku myanya itandukanye muri Leta, yabaye umunyamabanga uhoraho wa [https://web.archive.org/web/20201010183841/https://www.moh.gov.rw/index.php?id=188 Minisiteri y’ubuzima mu Rwanda] kuva mu Kwakira 2008 kugeza Gicurasi 2011, na Minisitiri w’ubuzima kuva muri Gicurasi 2011 kugeza Nyakanga 2016. Muri Nzeri 2016, yagizwe Umwarimu mukuru ushinzwe gutanga ubuzima k'isi muri [[University of Global Health Equity]](UGHE) i Kigali, mu [[Rwanda]], naho muri Mata 2017, agirwa umuyobozi wungirije wa UGHE akaba n’umuyobozi mukuru. Kuri ubu atuye i [[Kigali]]<ref>https://ughe.org/meet-the-team/agnes-binagwaho/</ref> . [[Dosiye:Dr.AgnesBinagwaho.jpg|thumb|Dr.AgnesBinagwaho]] . == Uburezi == Binagwaho yavukiye i [https://web.archive.org/web/20201014091704/https://nyamagabe.gov.rw/index.php?id=39 Nyamagabe], [https://web.archive.org/web/20201018042232/https://www.southernprovince.gov.rw/index.php?id=12&L=1 Intara y'Amajyepfo], mu [[Rwanda]]. Igihe yari afite imyaka itatu, we n'umuryango we bagiye kuba mu [[Ububiligi|Bubiligi]] aho se yarangirizaga impamyabumenyi ye y'ubuvuzi. Binagwaho yarangije impamyabumenyi ihanitse mubuvuzi mu buvuzi rusange muri Kaminuza yigenga y' i [[Buruseli|Buruseri]], kuva 1976-1984 n'impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu bijyanye no kuvura abana (MA) muri [https://web.archive.org/web/20201012225420/https://www.univ-brest.fr/ Kaminuza y'Uburengerazuba bwa Bretagne] kuva 1989–1993. Mu mwaka wa 2010, yahawe impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga y'icyubahiro (Hon. D.Sc.) muri Kolegi y' i Dartmouth muri [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika]]. Mu 2014, yabaye umuntu wa mbere wahawe impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga ya filozofiya (PhD) yakuye mu Ishuri Rikuru ry'Ubucuruzi n'Ubukungu muri [[kaminuza y'u Rwanda]] . Impamyabumenyi ye y' ikirenga (PhD) yiswe "Uburenganzira bw'abana ku buzima mu rwego rw'icyorezo cya [[SIDA]]: Ikibazo cy'u Rwanda. == Ibikorwa by'ubu == Muri 2017, Porofeseri Binagwaho yagizwe Umuyobozi wungirije wa kaminuza y’uburinganire bw’ubuzima ku isi <ref> [https://ughe.org/meet-the-team/agnes-binagwaho/ </ref> (UGHE), igikorwa cy’abafatanyabikorwa Mubuzima. Kuva mu mwaka wa 2008, Porofeseri Binagwaho yabaye Umwarimu Ukomeye mu ishami ry’ubuzima n’ubuvuzi rusange ku ishuri ry’ubuvuzi rya <ref> https://ghsm.hms.harvard.edu/umwarimu-staff/agnes-binagwaho </ref>Harvard . Ni n'umwarimu w’imyitozo yo gutanga ubuzima ku isi akaba na Porofeseri w’abana bato muri kaminuza y’ubuzima bw’ubuzima bw’isi mu [[Rwanda]] ndetse akaba n'umwarimu w’ubuvuzi wa Adjunct w’ubuvuzi bw’abana mu ishuri ry’ubuvuzi rya Geisel i Dartmouth <ref> https: // geiselmed.dartmouth.edu/umwarimu/umwarimudb/view.php/?uid=5119 </ref>. Kugeza ubu, Porofeseri Binagwaho akora nk'ishami rishamikiye ku kigo cy’ubushakashatsi bwa Afurika <ref> https://africa.harvard.edu/urugo </ref> muri kaminuza ya Harvard. Porofeseri Binagwaho akora ku buyobozi bw’ubuzima bwa AMP <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://amphealth.org/partnership-board |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-07-28 |archive-date=2021-07-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210728145939/https://amphealth.org/partnership-board |url-status=dead }}</ref> maze muri 2019, yinjira mu nama y’abashinzwe umutekano ya Rockefeller <ref> https: //www.rockefellerfoundation. org / umwirondoro / agnes-binagwaho / </ref> maze aba umwe mubagize inama ngishwanama nyobozi ya Wellcome Trust Global Monitor <ref> https://wellcome.org/sites/default/files/wakiriye-global-monitor- 2018.pdf </ref>. Kuva mu mwaka wa 2020, yabaye umwe mu bagize akanama ngishwanama ku bayobozi ba politiki b'abagore <ref> https://www.womenpoliticalleaders.org/ </ref> Ubushakashatsi ku isi ku bijyanye no gukingira ndetse akaba n'umwe mu bagize inama y'ubuyobozi ya Consortium ya Kaminuza. kubuzima bwisi yose <ref> https://www.cugh.org/ </ref>. Mu 2021, yabaye umuyobozi wungirije w’inama y’abakomiseri muri komisiyo yigenga ishinzwe inzira zinyuranye ku byorezo by’ibyorezo, umutekano, icyorezo, umutekano n’iterambere rirambye <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.icm2016.org/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-07-28 |archive-date=2021-07-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210728145939/https://www.icm2016.org/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ( COMPASS). Kuva mu mwaka wa 2010, Porofeseri Binagwaho yabaye umunyamuryango wa Global Task Force ku buryo bwagutse bwo kuvura no kurwanya kanseri mu bihugu biri mu nzira y'amajyambere <ref> https://cdn1.sph.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/2411 /2018/09/01_GTF-CCC_GTF-Abanyamuryango_05-10_13.pdf </ref>. Porofeseri Binagwaho ni umwe mu bagize komite y’ubumenyi ihuriweho n’ihuriro ry’udushya twiteguye kurwanya icyorezo / Minisiteri y’ubumenyi n’ikoranabuhanga mu [[Bushinwa]] <ref> https://cepi.net/ </ref>. Porofeseri Binagwaho ni umwe mu bagize itsinda ry’ingamba z’[[Afurika]] y’[[Burayi|Uburayi]] ku Buzima <ref> https://www.friendsofeurope.org/insights/africa-europe-foundation-guhamagara-gukora-kuri-inkingo/ </ref> kandi arakora ku ihuriro ry'abagore bayobora muri Fondasiyo ya [[Afurika]] Europe. Ni umwe mu bagize itsinda ry’impuguke zigenga UNESCO ku Isi na gahunda ya 2030 <ref> https://www.uib.no/en/sdgbergen/141236/ibuka-unesco-impuguke-itsinda #agnes-binagwaho-nbsp -nbsp-kaminuza-yisi-yubuzima-ubuzima-buringaniye-ughe-kigali-rwanda </ref>. Kuva mu 2021, akora nk'umunyamuryango witsinda ngishwanama rya Plateforme de l'observatoire Africain de la Santé sur les systèmes et les politiques (AHOP) <ref> https://www.afro.who.int/fr/amakuru/ une-plateforme-dechange-de-connaissances-lancee-pour-soutenir-les-sisitemu-de-sante-dans-la </ref>, ndetse n’umunyamuryango w’itsinda ry’inzobere muri [[Afurika]] CDC (SAGE). Kuva mu 2021, akora nk'umunyamuryango w'itsinda rya Cochrane <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://convenes.cochrane.org/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-07-28 |archive-date=2021-07-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210728151734/https://convenes.cochrane.org/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> akaba n'umunyamurango w'itsinda rya Science Innovation Platform yo mu [[Rwanda]]. Akora nk'umuyobozi wungirije w'itsinda ry'impuguke muri gahunda ya Commonwealth ishinzwe umutekano wo mu muhanda <ref> https://www.commonwealthrsi.org/ </ref>. Akora nk'umuyobozi wa komite nyobozi ya gahunda yubushakashatsi bugaragara. Kuva mu 2021, akora nk'umuyobozi wungirije mu nama mpuzamahanga y’ubuzima rusange muri [[Afurika]]. Kuva mu 2021, Prof. Binagwaho akora nk'umunyamuryango w’itsinda ngishwanama ry’impuguke (NCD Gahunda-Gushiraho Impapuro) ku Ihuriro ry’indwara zitandura <ref> https://ncdalliance.org/ </ref>. Akora kandi nk'umuyobozi wungirije w'inama ngishwanama ya siyansi & ingamba (SSAC) mu ihuriro mpuzamahanga ry’ubushakashatsi ku makuru ya Covid-19 <ref> https://icoda-research.org/ </ref> ndetse akaba n'umuyobozi wungirije wa Task Force yubuzima bwisi yose hamwe na Covid-19 kuri T20 <ref> https://taskforce.org/ </ref>. Kuva mu 2021, ni umwe mu bagize komisiyo Nyafurika kuri COVID-19 y’umuryango w’ubumwe bw’[[Afurika]]. Porofeseri Binagwaho ni umwe mu bagize akanama gashinzwe ubwanditsi bw'ikinyamakuru cy’ubuzima n’uburenganzira bwa muntu <ref>https://www.hhrjournal.org/about-hhr/ubuyobozi-kibaho-kandi-ibikorwa-byifuzo/</ref> hamwe nubukungu bwubuzima nubushakashatsi <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://armgpublishing.sumdu.edu.ua/journals/hem/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-07-28 |archive-date=2021-06-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624035609/https://armgpublishing.sumdu.edu.ua/journals/hem/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>. Akora kandi mu itsinda ryandika rya Annals yikinyamakuru cyisi yose <ref> https://www.annalsofglobalhealth.org/about/editorialteam/ </ref> no mubuyobozi bukuru bwikinyamakuru mpuzamahanga cy’ubuzima n’ubuyobozi <ref> https://www.ijhpm.com/journal/editorial.board </ref>. Kuva mu 2017, Porofeseri Binagwaho yabaye mu buyobozi bw'ikinyamakuru cy’ubushakashatsi ku buzima bwo muri [[Afurika]] y'Iburasirazuba <ref> https://www.eac.int/institutions/eahrc/ea-ubuzima-ubushakashatsi-ikinyamakuru </ref> kandi akora nka a umwe mubagize akanama kayobora itangazo ryumuryango w’ubuzima ku [[isi]] <ref> https://www.wowe.int/publications/journals/bulletin </ref>. Porofeseri Binagwaho ni umugenzuzi mu Ishuri Rikuru ry’Ubumenyi rya [[Afurika]] <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.aasciences.africa/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-07-28 |archive-date=2021-07-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210725180932/https://www.aasciences.africa/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>, Ishuri Rikuru ry’Ubuvuzi muri [[Amerika]] <ref> https://nam.edu/national -academy-yubuvuzi-itora-79-abanyamuryango-bashya / </ref> na ACADEMY YISI YA SIYANSI (TWAS) <ref> https://twas.org/article/twas-elect-3-35-bishya-twas -abasangirangendo </ref> yo guteza imbere siyanse mubihugu bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere. Porofeseri Binagwaho akora kandi muri komite ishinzwe iterambere rya TWAS na Future Action (PDFA) 2021-2022. === Imyanya yahozeho === Muri Nzeri 2016, Binagwaho yagizwe Porofeseri w’ibikorwa byo gutanga ubuzima ku [[isi]] muri [[University of Global Health Equity]] (UGHE) i [[Kigali]], mu [[Rwanda]]. Binagwaho yabaye Minisitiri w’ubuzima mu [[Rwanda]] kuva muri Gicurasi 2011 kugeza Nyakanga 2016. Ku ya 12 Nyakanga 2016, nyuma y’imyaka 5 yitangiye umurimo, [[Perezida wa Repubulika y’u Rwanda|Perezida wa Repubulika yu Rwanda]], [[Paul Kagame|Paul Kagame,]] yamukuye ku mirimo ye nka Minisitiri w’ubuzima. Mbere yibi, yabaye umunyamabanga uhoraho muri minisiteri y’ubuzima y’u [[Rwanda]] kuva mu Kwakira 2008 kugeza Gicurasi 2011 ndetse anaba umunyamabanga nshingwabikorwa wa komisiyo y’igihugu ishinzwe kurwanya [[SIDA]] mu [[Rwanda]] kuva 2002–2008. Kuva mu 2013 kugeza 2015, yari umwe mu bagize Inama Ngishwanama Mpuzamahanga ya Lancet Global Health Journal. Kuva mu 2012 kugeza 2014, yabaye umwe mu bagize Komisiyo muri komisiyo ya Lancet ishinzwe ishoramari mu buzima, ayobowe na Dean Jamison na Larry Summers . Ibikorwa bya Komisiyo byavunaguriye muri raporo ya 2035 y’ubuzima ku [[Isi]] , byasohotse mu 2013. Muri icyo gihe, yanakoze muri komisiyo ya Lancet ishinzwe abagore n’ubuzima, yasohoye raporo ya "Abagore n’ubuzima: Urufunguzo rw’iterambere rirambye" muri Kamena 2015. Yakoze kandi mu itsinda [[Umuryango w’Abibumye|ry’umuryango w’abibumbye rishinzwe]] gukurikirana no kubazwa ibyo akora, afatanya na Margaret Biggs (CIDA) na Margaret Chan (OMS) ndetse anatanga raporo ku muyobozi mukuru w’umuryango w’abibumbye, umunyamabanga mukuru Ban Ki-moon . Muri uyu mwaka kandi, yari umwe mu bagize gahunda yo guhuriza hamwe ibikorwa by’ubuzima bw’umugore n’abana nk’umwe mu bagize itsinda rishinzwe guhanga udushya, akaba yaranatangarije umuyobozi mukuru w’umuryango w’abibumbye umunyamabanga mukuru Ban Ki-moon. Kuva mu 2006–2009, yayoboye gahunda yo Kwiga ku Bana na VIH / [[SIDA]] (JLICA), ihuriro ryigenga ry’abashakashatsi, abashyira mu bikorwa, abafata ibyemezo, abarwanashyaka, n'ababana na virusi itera [[SIDA]]. JLICA yagize uruhare runini muburyo abakinnyi bakomeye ku [[isi]], nka PEPFAR na Global Fund, bagenera inkunga imfubyi n’abana batishoboye muri iki gihe. Hagati ya 2006 na 2008, yari umwe mu bagize komite ishinzwe gushyira mu bikorwa urwego rwo mu [[Rwanda]] rwa Politiki yo gufasha. Kuva mu 2004 kugeza 2009, yabaye kandi umwe mu bagize komite nyobozi ya gahunda yo gutera inkunga ibihugu byinshi kuri SSR / VIH / [[SIDA]] ndetse n'Urwego Ngishwanama rw'Ikigo cya Royal Tropical Institute i Amsterdam, mu [[Ubuholandi|Buholandi]]. Mu gihe yakoraga nk'umunyamabanga nshingwabikorwa wa komisiyo y'igihugu ishinzwe kurwanya [[SIDA]] mu Rwanda kuva 2002–2008, yanabaye umuyobozi wa komite nyobozi y'u [[Rwanda]] ishinzwe gahunda yihutirwa ya Perezida wa [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika]] ishinzwe kurwanya [[SIDA]] (PEPFAR). Byongeye kandi, yari ashinzwe gucunga umushinga wa Banki y[[Isi|'Isi]] MAP mu [[Rwanda]]. Mu 2004, yakoze kandi mu Nama Ngishwanama ku Buzima ku kinyamakuru ''Igihe'' . Yari umwe mu bagize akanama gashinzwe gushinga ikigo cya Tropical Institute of Community Health and Development muri [[Afurika]], icyicaro i Kisumu, muri [[Kenya]]. Byongeye kandi, yakoraga mu Nama Ngishwanama y’Inshuti z’Ikigega cy’[[Isi]] ku isi, na Komite Ngishwanama ya gahunda mpuzamahanga yo gukingira [[SIDA]]. Yakoze kandi muri komisiyo nyinshi za Lancet, harimo na Lancet-O'Neill Institute ya Georgetown ishinzwe ubuzima n’amategeko ku [[isi]], Harvard Global Equity Initiative - Komisiyo ya Lancet ishinzwe uburyo bwo kurwanya ububabare no kuvura indwara, Komisiyo ya Lancet ishinzwe ejo hazaza h’ubuzima muri Afurika yo munsi y’ubutayu bwa Sahara, Komisiyo ya Lancet Diabete & Endocrinology, na Komisiyo ya Oncology ya Lancet ishinzwe kwita kuri kanseri irambye Yicaye ku buyobozi bw'isomero rusange ry'ubumenyi . <ref name="plos">[http://www.plos.org/ Public Library of Science]. Accessed 25 June 2011.</ref> Yakoze kandi mu Nama Mpuzamahanga Ngishwanama ku Kigo cy’Ikigo cy’Ubuzima Bw’Ubuzima ku Isi muri Imperial College London Byongeye kandi, yakoraga na Komite Ngishwanama mu bagize komite ishinzwe kurwanya indwara 3 ( DCP3 ). Kuva mu 2001 kugeza 2005, yanagize umwanya wo kuba Umuyobozi w’[[Umuryango w’Abibumye|Umuryango w’abibumbye]] Task Force y’intego z'ikinyagihumbi Umushinga wa VIH / [[SIDA]] no kubona imiti y'ingenzi, iyobowe na Jeffrey Sachs ku munyamabanga. Jenerali w'[[Umuryango w’Abibumye|Umuryango w'Abibumbye]] . == Umwuga w'ubuvuzi == Binagwaho yatangiye ubuvuzi bwe mu Bubiligi no mu [[Ubufaransa|Bufaransa]], ari naho yarangirije amashuri ye y'ubuvuzi. Yinzobere mu kuvura abana, ubuvuzi bwihutirwa, no kuvura virusi itera [[SIDA]] ku bana ndetse n'abantu bakuru. Yakoraga cyane muri neonatology, maze agarutse mu [[Rwanda]] mu 1996, akora ivuriro mu bitaro bya Leta imyaka ine. == Ubushakashatsi no guharanira == Yibanze ku bushakashatsi mu masangano y’ubuzima, imibereho myiza, na politiki, ubushakashatsi bwe n’ibitabo bigamije kunoza uburyo bwo gukumira, kwita no kuvura virusi itera [[SIDA]] n'izindi ndwara. Binagwaho yavuze kenshi ku ruhare rukomeye ubushakashatsi bwagize mu kuzamura ubuzima mu gihugu cye. Araharanira cyane uburenganzira bw'abana n'uburinganire mu [[Rwanda]] ndetse no ku isi hose. Ari mu ntera yo kurwanya virusi itera [[SIDA]], kandi aharanira gukwirakwiza uburyo bw’ubushakashatsi bwashyizwe mu bikorwa kugira ngo habeho ingamba zo kugabanya no gukuraho umutwaro w’indwara. Impamyabumenyi ye ya PhD yibanze ku isesengura ry’amahirwe yabuze abana banduye virusi itera [[SIDA]] kugira ngo bagere ku burenganzira bwabo ku buzima. Mu mwaka wa 2010, mu nshingano ze nka Minisitiri w’ubuzima, Binagwaho yatangije gahunda y’igihugu yo gukingiza abana HPV - virusi ya papilloma y’abantu itera hafi kanseri zose z’inkondo y'umura. Gahunda yageze ku gipimo kirenga 95 ku ijana muri 2012. Yavuze kandi ko ari ngombwa kongera gutekereza ku iherezo ry’ubuzima kugira ngo abantu bapfire mu cyubahiro. Mu nama mpuzamahanga yabereye i Salzburg, yagize ati: "Kugira ngo tubigereho, tugomba kugira ibiganiro mpaka ku rwego rw’igihugu, iyobowe n’abayobozi b’umwuka n’umuryango, kandi tugomba no kwigisha abaganga bose kubaha urupfu no kureka kubitinya. ” Kugeza ubu, Prof. Binagwaho ni umwe mu bagize itsinda ngishwanama rya Cochrane Convenes nk'umunyamuryango,akaba umunyamuryango wa komisiyo nyafurika kuri COVID-19 y’umuryango w’ubumwe bw’Afurika, akaba nu umwe ugize akaba n'umuyobozi wungirije mu nama mpuzamahanga ya 1 y’ubuzima rusange muri [[Afurika]] (CPHIA 2021). == Icyubahiro n'ibihembo == [[File:Minister_of_Health,_Dr._Agnes_Binagwaho.jpg|left|thumb| Dr.Agnes Binagwaho avugira muri NIH. ]]Muri 2013, Binagwaho yatanze ikiganiro cya kaminuza ya Londere ya Lancet. Mu mwaka wa 2015, yabaye umunyacyubahiro David E. Barmes Umwarimu w’ubuzima ku [[isi]] abinyujije mu kigo cy’igihugu cy’ubuzima anatanga ikiganiro, "David E. Barmes Inyigisho z’ubuzima ku isi: Ubushakashatsi mu buvuzi n’ubushobozi bw’iterambere: Uburambe mu [[Rwanda]]. " Ibirori ngarukamwaka bihesha icyubahiro nyakwigendera Dr. Barmes, umuganga w’amenyo w’ubuzima rusange akaba n’umuganga w’indwara z’ibyorezo witangiye umwuga we mu gukora ubushakashatsi bugamije guteza imbere ubuzima mu bihugu biri mu nzira y'amajyambere. Muri 2015, yahawe ibihembo bibiri: Igihembo cya Roux 2015 abinyujije mu kigo cy’ubuzima n’ubushakashatsi bw’ubuzima (IHME) kubera ko yakoresheje imibare y’ubushakashatsi bw’indwara ku isi kugira ngo agabanye impfu z’abana mu [[Rwanda]], na Ronald McDonald Inzu y'Ubugiraneza Inzu y'indashyikirwa kubera uruhare yagize mu kuzamura ubuzima bw'abana. Yamenyekanye mu bagore 100 bakomeye bo muri [[Afurika]] bakomeye muri 2020 no muri 2021.Vuba aha, yatsindiye igihembo cya L'ORÉAL-UNESCO ku bagore muri siyanse mpuzamahanga kubera uruhare runini yagize mu kuzamura gahunda y’ubuzima bw’u [[Rwanda]]. == Ibisohokayandikiro == Binagwaho yasohoye ingingo zirenga [http://dragnesbinagwahosblog.home.blog/ 235 zasuzumwe nurungano] hamwe nibice byibitabo. == Ibihembo Bindi == Dr Agenes ni umwe mubagore babahanga mubuvuzi mu [[Rwanda]] ndetse no muri Afurika yose kuko agaragara cyane mubagize uruhare mu buvuzi<ref>https://www.csregypt.com/en/rwandas-binagwaho-sole-african-winner-of-loreal-unesco-awards-for-women-in-science/</ref> bw'abana cyane cyane mu [[Rwanda]] ndetse akaba yaragize uruhare runini mu kwegereza ubuvuzi abaturage mu Rwego rwo kurwanya Virus ya Sida, Mraliya,ndetse ni igituntu Dr Agnes kandi kubera ibikorwa bye by'indashyikirwa ni umwe mu bagore 5 bahawe ibihembo byindashyikirwa na l'Oreal-Unesco ni ibihembo byahawe abagore batanu bagize uruhare mugushyiraho uuryo bushya bwo kwita kubuzima bw'abatishoboye muri [[Afurika]] == Ibiganiro kuri Twitter / SMS: #MinisterMondays == Mu Kwakira 2011, Binagwaho yatangije ibiganiro kuri interineti abinyujije kuri Twitter ku ngingo zijyanye na politiki y’ubuzima ku isi ndetse n’urwego rw’ubuzima mu [[Rwanda]]. <ref name="Guardian">[https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/poverty-matters/2013/jan/04/saving-world-social-media-development-digital Saving the world through social media? How development is going digital]. Accessed 07 August 2016.</ref> Abakoresha urubuga rwa Twitter baturutse mu [[Rwanda]] ndetse no ku isi bose bifatanije na we mu biganiro byombi ku ngingo nka politiki yo kuboneza urubyaro muri [[Afurika]], kubaka urwego rw’ubuzima rw’igihugu, gushyiraho inkingo nshya, politiki z’inzego zinyuranye zo kurwanya imirire mibi, kurwanya imiti idahwitse n’imiti mpimbano, na uruhare rwibigo byigihugu ndetse n’amahanga mubuzima bw'[[Isi]] yose ukoresheje hashtag #MinisterMondays. Mu Ukuboza 2011, akaba bufatanye na [[Rwanda]]-American ICT sosiyete [http://www.nyaruka.com/ Nyaruka] kwemerera Abanyarwanda batari kubona interineti kugira uruhare ibibazo no comments to ibiganiro #MinisterMondays kuri SMS. == Ibindi gusoma == * Umusozi, Calie. " [http://www.diplomaticourier.com/news/regions/africa/260-interview-dr-agnes-binagwaho-rwandan-minister-of-health Ikiganiro: Dr. Agnes Binagwaho, Minisitiri w’ubuzima mu Rwanda] " ( [https://web.archive.org/web/20150605120639/http://www.diplomaticourier.com/news/regions/africa/260-interview-dr-agnes-binagwaho-rwandan-minister-of-health Archive] ). ''Umudipolomate'' . 29 Werurwe 2013. * " [https://web.archive.org/web/20150404182150/http://www.fic.nih.gov/News/GlobalHealthMatters/july-august-2014/Pages/agnes-binagwaho-rwanda-moh-visits-nih.aspx Minisitiri w’ubuzima mu Rwanda Dr Agnes Binagwaho aganira ku bufatanye n’ubushakashatsi na NIH] " ( [https://www.webcitation.org/6Z3OboEaG?url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150404182150/http://www.fic.nih.gov/News/GlobalHealthMatters/july-august-2014/Pages/agnes-binagwaho-rwanda-moh-visits-nih.aspx Archive] ). Ikigo cyigihugu cyubuzima . Yakuwe ku ya 5 Kamena 2015. * [http://UCL-Lancet%20Lecture%20Series%202013:%20Dr.%20Agnes%20Binagwahohttps://www.ucl.ac.uk/global-health/events/lancet-lectures Ishuri Rikuru rya Kaminuza London- Urutonde rw'inyigisho za Lancet 2013: Dr. Agnes Binagwaho] ( [https://mediacentral.ucl.ac.uk/Play/18215] ) * [http://journalofethics.ama-assn.org/site/ethicstalk.html Ishyirahamwe ry’ubuvuzi muri Amerika (AMA) Ikinyamakuru cy’imyitwarire Nyakanga 2016 Podcast: Gushyira mu bikorwa ivugurura ry’ubuzima mu Rwanda: Ikiganiro na Agnes Binagwaho] == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == Ushinzwe amasomo: * [https://web.archive.org/web/20130611115238/http://ghsm.hms.harvard.edu/people/faculty/binagwaho Ishami ry’ubuzima n’ubuvuzi rusange, Ishuri ryubuvuzi rya Harvard] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20111009044136/http://connects.catalyst.harvard.edu/profiles/profile/person/26485 Ishuri ry'ubuvuzi rya Harvard, Umwirondoro wa Catalyst] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160804170212/http://ughe.org/who-we-are/meet-the-team/agnes-binagwaho/ Kaminuza y’ubuzima bungana ku isi, u Rwanda] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20150910064741/https://now.dartmouth.edu/2014/03/visionary-agnes-binagwaho Ishami ry’abana n’ikigo cya Dartmouth Institute of Health Policy and Clinical Care, College ya Dartmouth] Guverinoma: * [http://www.moh.gov.rw Minisiteri y’ubuzima mu Rwanda] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20150907184413/http://statistics.gov.rw/ Ikigo cy'igihugu gishinzwe ibarurishamibare] Umuntu ku giti cye: * [http://dr-agnes.blogspot.com/ Blog ya Binagwaho] [[Category:Abagore]] [[Category:Abana]] [[Category:Kaminuza y'u Rwanda]] [[Category:Abaganga b'abana]] [[Category:Abagore ba abaganga]] [[Category:Abagore ba abayobozi]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] h558h9fnyjackhnai72crechmvh47uh 0 8617 133870 133013 2026-07-20T16:05:43Z B.Scalling 15089 /* Agathe Uwiringiyimana n'Amasezerano ya Arusha */ kongeramo ihuza 133870 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Uwilingiyimana Agathe''' (23 Gicurasi 1953 - 6 [[Mata]] 1994) yari umunyapolitiki wo mu Rwanda. Yabaye Minisitiri w’intebe w’u Rwanda kuva ku ya 18 Nyakanga 1993 kugeza apfuye ku ya 7 Mata 1994. {| class="wikitable" style="float:right;" ! colspan="3" |Agathe Uwilingiyimana |- | colspan="3" | |- ! colspan="3" |Amakuru yihariye |- !Ivuka | colspan="2" |Nka maypole 23 nka 1953 Butare (Rwanda) |- !Urupfu | colspan="2" |Nk'uko Mata 7 nk'uko 1994 (imyaka 40) Kigali (Rwanda) |- !Impamvu y'urupfu | colspan="2" |Zavugiye uruguma maze kwica |- !Imva | colspan="2" |Irimbi ry'Intwari (Rwanda) |- !ubwenegihugu | colspan="2" |Rwanda |- !Iyobokamana | colspan="2" |Gatolika |- !Ishyaka rya politiki | colspan="2" |Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi |- ! colspan="3" |Umuryango |- !Uwo mwashakanye | colspan="2" |Ignace Barahira  <small>(1976-1994)</small> |- !Abahungu | colspan="2" |2 |- ! colspan="3" |Uburezi |- !Yize muri | colspan="2" |Kaminuza nkuru y'u Rwanda |- ! colspan="3" |Amakuru yumwuga |- !Umwuga | colspan="2" |Politics na mwarimu |- !Agace | colspan="2" |Imibare |- !Imyanya myinshi | colspan="2" |Minisitiri w’intebe w’u Rwanda  <small>(1993-1994)</small> |- | colspan="3" |[https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q243047 hindura amakuru kuri Wikidata ] |} Umunyamuryango w’ishyaka riharanira demokarasi riharanira demokarasi (MRD), yabaye Minisitiri w’intebe w’u Rwanda ku ya 18 Nyakanga 1993, abaye umugore wa mbere (kandi kugeza ubu, wenyine) wabonye uwo mwanya. Mu nshingano ze nk'umuyobozi wa guverinoma, yitabiriye, hamwe na guverinoma ya Perezida [[Juvénal Habyarimana]] , mu mishyikirano yagiranye n’umutwe w’igihugu ukunda igihugu (FPR), inyeshyamba ziyobowe n’abatutsi . Ibiganiro byatumye hashyirwaho umukono ku masezerano ya Arusha muri Kanama 1993, arangiza by'agateganyo intambara yo mu Rwanda . [[Dosiye:Belgian Peacekeepers Memorial monument 18.jpg|thumb|Inyubako yiciwemo abasirikare 10 baba biligi barindaga Uwilingiyimmana Agathe.]] Ku ya 7 Mata 1994, Perezida Habyarimana apfuye nyuma yuko abantu batamenyekanye barashe indege yari imutwaye. Ubwicanyi bwatangiye bica abatutsi mu murwa mukuru w'u Rwanda, Kigali. Nyuma y'amasaha make, ingabo zizerwa na Habyarimana zahanganye na Uwilingiyimana n'ingabo mpuzamahanga zaturutse mu butumwa bw'umuryango w’abibumbye bufasha u Rwanda (UNAMIR). Minisitiri w’intebe yiciwe, mu gihe abasirikare icumi b’Ababiligi bakorewe iyicarubozo kandi baricwa (abasirikare batanu bo muri [[Gana]] bo muri UNAMIR bararekuwe). Ibyabaye ku ya 7 Mata byaje gutuma haba jenoside ya korewe abatutsi , ihitana abatutsi bari hagati ya 500.000 na miliyoni 2. Uwiringiyimana Agathe ni umwe mu bagore bazwi mu mateka y' u Rwanda, yavukiye mu cyahoze ari Butare ahitwa Nyaruhengeri haherereye muri Km 140 uvuye i Kigali. Hashize igihe gito avutse umuryango we wagiye gukorera mu cyahoze ari Kongo-Mbiligi, Uwilingiyimana afite imyaka ine nibwo umuryango we wagarutse i Butare. Amaze gutsinda ikizamini cya leta cy' amashuri abanza, Uwiringiyimana yagiye kwiga muri Lycée Notre Dame Des Citeaux. Mu 1976 yahawe impamyabumenyi mu, mibare n' ubutabire, ahita aba umwarimu w' imibare muri Ecole Sociale de Butare, muri uwo mwaka ni nabwo yasezeranye na Barahira Ignace baza kubyarana abana bane. Mu 1983 afite imyaka 30 y' amavuko, yabaye umwarimu w' imibare n' ubutabire muri Kaminuza Nkuru y' u Rwanda. Mu 1986 yashinze koperative yo kuzigama no kuguriza mu bayobozi n' abarimu bagenzi be bo mu ishuri rya Butare, ibi bikaba byaramuteye gushimwa n' abayobozi bakuru b' igihugu maze yoherezwa gukora muri minisiteri y' ubucuruzi mu 1989. Agathe Uwiringiyimana Aba Minisitiri w' intebe . Mu 1992 yinjiye mi ishyaka riharanira Demokasi(MDR) ritavugaga rumwe na leta, nyuma y' amezi ane yahise agirwa Minisitiri w' uburezi na Dr Nsengiyaremye Dismas wari minisitiri w' intebe nyuma y' imishyikirano hagati ya perezida Habyarimana Yuvenali n' amashyaka atanu ataravugaga rumwe na leta.Ari ku buyobozi bwa minisiteri y' Uburezi, yakuyeho politiki y' iringaniza rishingiye ku moko mu mashuri, ibi bikaba byaratumye yangwa na benshi mu bayobozi bari bafite ingengabitekerezo y' amacakubiri. Ku itariki 17 Nyakanga 1993, nyuma y' inama hagati ya perezida Habyarimana n' amashyaka atavuga rumwe na leta, Uwiringiyimana Agathe yabaye minisitiri w' intebe wa mbere w' umugore, asimbuye Dr Nsengiyaremye wari waramugize minisitiri w' uburezi. kugirwa minisitiri w' intebe kwa Dr Nsengiyaremye na perezida Habyarimana ntibyigeze byishimirwa n' andi mashyaka.Bitewe nuko Uwiringiyimana atari afite imbaraga nk' abandi bakandida, byahaga ikizere perezida ko azashobora guca icyuho mu mashyaka atavuga rumwe nawe. Ku munsi wo kugirwa minisitiri w' intebe kwa Uwiringiyimana, Dr Nsengiyaremye yahise amuvana mu ishyaka rya MDR. === Agathe Uwiringiyimana n'Amasezerano ya Arusha === Hakomeje kubaho imishyikirano igamije amahoro hagati ya Habyarimana, amashyaka atavuga rumwe nawe ndetse na FPR.Amasezerano hagati ya Habyarimana, amashyaka atanu atavuga rumwe na leta na [[Ishyaka FPR - Inkotanyi|FPR]] yaje gusinywa tariki 4 Kanama 1993 mu masezerano ya Arusha.Habyarimana yagombaga kuba perezida w' agateganyo, minisitiri w' intebe akava muri MDR. Hagati aho Uwiringiyimana ntiyari yishimiwe na perezida ndetse na bamwe mu ishyaka rye ibi bikaba byaragaragariraga mu nama n' abanyamakuru aho bakundaga kumwibasira.Ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya guverinoma y' agateganyo ryagombaga gushyirwa mu bikorwa ku itariki 25 Mata 1994, aho Uwiringiyimana yagombaga kuva kuri uwo mwanya kuko atari akiri muri MDR. === Urupfu rwa Agathe Uwiringiyimana === Ibiganiro hagati ya Habyarimana, Uwiringiyimana na FPR ntibyigeze bigera ku ndunduro kuko perezida Habyarimana yishwe arasiwe mu ndege hafi saa mbiri n' igice z' ijoro ku itariki 6 Mata 1994. Nyuma y' amasaha make Habyarimana yishwe Uwiringiyimana Yagiranye ikiganiro na Radio Mpuzamahanga y' u Bufaransa(RFI), yerekana ibiri kubera mu gihugu agira ati: "hari amasasu hirya no hino, abantu baryamye hasi mu mazu yabo. Turi guhura n' ingaruka z' urupfu rwa perezida, ndizera ko twe abasiviri nta ruhare dufite mw' iyicwa rya perezida." Mbere ya saa cyenda z' ijoro ingabo z' Umuryango w' Abibumbye zohereje abasirikare b' Ababiligi mu rugo rwa Uwiringyimana, zigomba kumuherekeza kugera kuri Radio Rwanda, aho yagombaga gutambutsa ijambo rihumuriza abaturage.Urugo rwa Uwiringiyimana rwari rurinzwe n' Abanyegana batanu bo muri MINUAR hakiyongeraho abandi icumi b' Ababiligi. Imbere mu rugo rwe harimo abasirikare barindaga perezida'ariko hagati ya saa kumi n' ebyiri na mirongo ine n' itanu(6:45) na saa moya na cumi n' itanu (7:15) z' ijoro abasirikare bari bashinzwe kurinda perezida bagose abasirikare ba MINUAR maze babategeka gushyira intwaro zabo hasi. Uwiringiyimana amaze kubona ko nta burinzi agifite yahungiye ahakoreraga abakoranabushake b' Umuryango w' Abibumbye, abatangabuhamya bavuga ko abasirikare bashinzwe kurinda perezida binjiye aho bari bashaka Uwiringiyimana, bitewe nuko yatinyaga ko bakwica abana be yahise yiyerekana we n' umugabo we maze bahita baraswa ako kanya. Abana be bahise bahungishwa mu Busuwisi, mu gitabo cya Roméo Dallaire yise Shake hands with the Devil avuga ko abana ba Uwiringiyimana Agathe bahungishijwe na kapiteni Mbaye Diagne wari umusirike wa MINUAR. Majoro Ntuyahaga Bernard yashinjwe n' Urukiko Mpuzamahanga Mpanabyaha rwashyiriweho u Rwanda rwa Arusha ko ariwe wishe Uwiringiyimana Agathe n' abasirikare icumi b' Umuryango w' Abibumbye. Uwiringiyimana Agathe yabaye umwe mu bagore bake b' abanyapolitiki babashije kurwanya igitugu. Ubu abarirwa mu ntwali z' igihugu cy' u Rwanda [[Category:Abanyepolitiki]] [[Category:Itsembabwoko]] [[Category:Abanyarwanda]] [[Category:Abahutu]] [[Category:Abagore]] epyxs8f64wzsuws8g9q4a9qou62vmo5 133876 133870 2026-07-20T18:41:07Z B.Scalling 15089 /* Agathe Uwiringiyimana n'Amasezerano ya Arusha */ ihuza 133876 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Uwilingiyimana Agathe''' (23 Gicurasi 1953 - 6 [[Mata]] 1994) yari umunyapolitiki wo mu Rwanda. Yabaye Minisitiri w’intebe w’u Rwanda kuva ku ya 18 Nyakanga 1993 kugeza apfuye ku ya 7 Mata 1994. {| class="wikitable" style="float:right;" ! colspan="3" |Agathe Uwilingiyimana |- | colspan="3" | |- ! colspan="3" |Amakuru yihariye |- !Ivuka | colspan="2" |Nka maypole 23 nka 1953 Butare (Rwanda) |- !Urupfu | colspan="2" |Nk'uko Mata 7 nk'uko 1994 (imyaka 40) Kigali (Rwanda) |- !Impamvu y'urupfu | colspan="2" |Zavugiye uruguma maze kwica |- !Imva | colspan="2" |Irimbi ry'Intwari (Rwanda) |- !ubwenegihugu | colspan="2" |Rwanda |- !Iyobokamana | colspan="2" |Gatolika |- !Ishyaka rya politiki | colspan="2" |Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi |- ! colspan="3" |Umuryango |- !Uwo mwashakanye | colspan="2" |Ignace Barahira  <small>(1976-1994)</small> |- !Abahungu | colspan="2" |2 |- ! colspan="3" |Uburezi |- !Yize muri | colspan="2" |Kaminuza nkuru y'u Rwanda |- ! colspan="3" |Amakuru yumwuga |- !Umwuga | colspan="2" |Politics na mwarimu |- !Agace | colspan="2" |Imibare |- !Imyanya myinshi | colspan="2" |Minisitiri w’intebe w’u Rwanda  <small>(1993-1994)</small> |- | colspan="3" |[https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q243047 hindura amakuru kuri Wikidata ] |} Umunyamuryango w’ishyaka riharanira demokarasi riharanira demokarasi (MRD), yabaye Minisitiri w’intebe w’u Rwanda ku ya 18 Nyakanga 1993, abaye umugore wa mbere (kandi kugeza ubu, wenyine) wabonye uwo mwanya. Mu nshingano ze nk'umuyobozi wa guverinoma, yitabiriye, hamwe na guverinoma ya Perezida [[Juvénal Habyarimana]] , mu mishyikirano yagiranye n’umutwe w’igihugu ukunda igihugu (FPR), inyeshyamba ziyobowe n’abatutsi . Ibiganiro byatumye hashyirwaho umukono ku masezerano ya Arusha muri Kanama 1993, arangiza by'agateganyo intambara yo mu Rwanda . [[Dosiye:Belgian Peacekeepers Memorial monument 18.jpg|thumb|Inyubako yiciwemo abasirikare 10 baba biligi barindaga Uwilingiyimmana Agathe.]] Ku ya 7 Mata 1994, Perezida Habyarimana apfuye nyuma yuko abantu batamenyekanye barashe indege yari imutwaye. Ubwicanyi bwatangiye bica abatutsi mu murwa mukuru w'u Rwanda, Kigali. Nyuma y'amasaha make, ingabo zizerwa na Habyarimana zahanganye na Uwilingiyimana n'ingabo mpuzamahanga zaturutse mu butumwa bw'umuryango w’abibumbye bufasha u Rwanda (UNAMIR). Minisitiri w’intebe yiciwe, mu gihe abasirikare icumi b’Ababiligi bakorewe iyicarubozo kandi baricwa (abasirikare batanu bo muri [[Gana]] bo muri UNAMIR bararekuwe). Ibyabaye ku ya 7 Mata byaje gutuma haba jenoside ya korewe abatutsi , ihitana abatutsi bari hagati ya 500.000 na miliyoni 2. Uwiringiyimana Agathe ni umwe mu bagore bazwi mu mateka y' u Rwanda, yavukiye mu cyahoze ari Butare ahitwa Nyaruhengeri haherereye muri Km 140 uvuye i Kigali. Hashize igihe gito avutse umuryango we wagiye gukorera mu cyahoze ari Kongo-Mbiligi, Uwilingiyimana afite imyaka ine nibwo umuryango we wagarutse i Butare. Amaze gutsinda ikizamini cya leta cy' amashuri abanza, Uwiringiyimana yagiye kwiga muri Lycée Notre Dame Des Citeaux. Mu 1976 yahawe impamyabumenyi mu, mibare n' ubutabire, ahita aba umwarimu w' imibare muri Ecole Sociale de Butare, muri uwo mwaka ni nabwo yasezeranye na Barahira Ignace baza kubyarana abana bane. Mu 1983 afite imyaka 30 y' amavuko, yabaye umwarimu w' imibare n' ubutabire muri Kaminuza Nkuru y' u Rwanda. Mu 1986 yashinze koperative yo kuzigama no kuguriza mu bayobozi n' abarimu bagenzi be bo mu ishuri rya Butare, ibi bikaba byaramuteye gushimwa n' abayobozi bakuru b' igihugu maze yoherezwa gukora muri minisiteri y' ubucuruzi mu 1989. Agathe Uwiringiyimana Aba Minisitiri w' intebe . Mu 1992 yinjiye mi ishyaka riharanira Demokasi(MDR) ritavugaga rumwe na leta, nyuma y' amezi ane yahise agirwa Minisitiri w' uburezi na Dr Nsengiyaremye Dismas wari minisitiri w' intebe nyuma y' imishyikirano hagati ya perezida Habyarimana Yuvenali n' amashyaka atanu ataravugaga rumwe na leta.Ari ku buyobozi bwa minisiteri y' Uburezi, yakuyeho politiki y' iringaniza rishingiye ku moko mu mashuri, ibi bikaba byaratumye yangwa na benshi mu bayobozi bari bafite ingengabitekerezo y' amacakubiri. Ku itariki 17 Nyakanga 1993, nyuma y' inama hagati ya perezida Habyarimana n' amashyaka atavuga rumwe na leta, Uwiringiyimana Agathe yabaye minisitiri w' intebe wa mbere w' umugore, asimbuye Dr Nsengiyaremye wari waramugize minisitiri w' uburezi. kugirwa minisitiri w' intebe kwa Dr Nsengiyaremye na perezida Habyarimana ntibyigeze byishimirwa n' andi mashyaka.Bitewe nuko Uwiringiyimana atari afite imbaraga nk' abandi bakandida, byahaga ikizere perezida ko azashobora guca icyuho mu mashyaka atavuga rumwe nawe. Ku munsi wo kugirwa minisitiri w' intebe kwa Uwiringiyimana, Dr Nsengiyaremye yahise amuvana mu ishyaka rya MDR. === Agathe Uwiringiyimana n'Amasezerano ya Arusha === Hakomeje kubaho imishyikirano igamije amahoro hagati ya Habyarimana, amashyaka atavuga rumwe nawe ndetse na FPR.Amasezerano hagati ya Habyarimana, amashyaka atanu atavuga rumwe na leta na [[Ishyaka FPR - Inkotanyi|FPR]] yaje gusinywa tariki 4 Kanama 1993 mu masezerano ya Arusha.Habyarimana yagombaga kuba perezida w' agateganyo, minisitiri w' intebe akava muri MDR. Hagati aho Uwiringiyimana ntiyari yishimiwe na perezida ndetse na bamwe mu ishyaka rye ibi bikaba byaragaragariraga mu nama n' abanyamakuru aho bakundaga kumwibasira.Ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya guverinoma y' agateganyo ryagombaga gushyirwa mu bikorwa ku itariki 25 Mata 1994, aho Uwiringiyimana yagombaga kuva kuri uwo mwanya kuko atari akiri muri MDR. === Urupfu rwa Agathe Uwiringiyimana === Ibiganiro hagati ya Habyarimana, Uwiringiyimana na FPR ntibyigeze bigera ku ndunduro kuko perezida Habyarimana yishwe arasiwe mu ndege hafi saa mbiri n' igice z' ijoro ku itariki 6 Mata 1994. Nyuma y' amasaha make Habyarimana yishwe Uwiringiyimana Yagiranye ikiganiro na Radio Mpuzamahanga y' u Bufaransa(RFI), yerekana ibiri kubera mu gihugu agira ati: "hari amasasu hirya no hino, abantu baryamye hasi mu mazu yabo. Turi guhura n' ingaruka z' urupfu rwa perezida, ndizera ko twe abasiviri nta ruhare dufite mw' iyicwa rya perezida." Mbere ya saa cyenda z' ijoro ingabo z' Umuryango w' Abibumbye zohereje abasirikare b' Ababiligi mu rugo rwa Uwiringyimana, zigomba kumuherekeza kugera kuri Radio Rwanda, aho yagombaga gutambutsa ijambo rihumuriza abaturage.Urugo rwa Uwiringiyimana rwari rurinzwe n' Abanyegana batanu bo muri MINUAR hakiyongeraho abandi icumi b' Ababiligi. Imbere mu rugo rwe harimo abasirikare barindaga perezida'ariko hagati ya saa kumi n' ebyiri na mirongo ine n' itanu(6:45) na saa moya na cumi n' itanu (7:15) z' ijoro abasirikare bari bashinzwe kurinda perezida bagose abasirikare ba MINUAR maze babategeka gushyira intwaro zabo hasi. Uwiringiyimana amaze kubona ko nta burinzi agifite yahungiye ahakoreraga abakoranabushake b' Umuryango w' Abibumbye, abatangabuhamya bavuga ko abasirikare bashinzwe kurinda perezida binjiye aho bari bashaka Uwiringiyimana, bitewe nuko yatinyaga ko bakwica [[abana]] be yahise yiyerekana we n' umugabo we maze bahita baraswa ako kanya. Abana be bahise bahungishwa mu Busuwisi, mu gitabo cya Roméo Dallaire yise Shake hands with the Devil avuga ko abana ba Uwiringiyimana Agathe bahungishijwe na kapiteni Mbaye Diagne wari umusirike wa MINUAR. Majoro Ntuyahaga Bernard yashinjwe n' Urukiko Mpuzamahanga Mpanabyaha rwashyiriweho u Rwanda rwa Arusha ko ariwe wishe Uwiringiyimana Agathe n' abasirikare icumi b' Umuryango w' Abibumbye. Uwiringiyimana Agathe yabaye umwe mu bagore bake b' abanyapolitiki babashije kurwanya igitugu. Ubu abarirwa mu ntwali z' igihugu cy' u Rwanda [[Category:Abanyepolitiki]] [[Category:Itsembabwoko]] [[Category:Abanyarwanda]] [[Category:Abahutu]] [[Category:Abagore]] lrjkf5zkb37w463xabot46ixof3tm0j 133881 133876 2026-07-20T20:58:22Z Clemy Keza 18414 inyito y'Ishyaka MDR; amagambo yisubiragamo 133881 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Uwilingiyimana Agathe''' (23 Gicurasi 1953 - 6 [[Mata]] 1994) yari umunyapolitiki wo mu Rwanda. Yabaye Minisitiri w’Intebe w’u Rwanda kuva ku ya 18 Nyakanga 1993 kugeza apfuye ku ya 7 Mata 1994. {| class="wikitable" style="float:right;" ! colspan="3" |Agathe Uwilingiyimana |- | colspan="3" | |- ! colspan="3" |Amakuru yihariye |- !Ivuka | colspan="2" |Nka maypole 23 nka 1953 Butare (Rwanda) |- !Urupfu | colspan="2" |Nk'uko Mata 7 nk'uko 1994 (imyaka 40) Kigali (Rwanda) |- !Impamvu y'urupfu | colspan="2" |Zavugiye uruguma maze kwica |- !Imva | colspan="2" |Irimbi ry'Intwari (Rwanda) |- !ubwenegihugu | colspan="2" |Rwanda |- !Iyobokamana | colspan="2" |Gatolika |- !Ishyaka rya politiki | colspan="2" |Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi |- ! colspan="3" |Umuryango |- !Uwo mwashakanye | colspan="2" |Ignace Barahira  <small>(1976-1994)</small> |- !Abahungu | colspan="2" |2 |- ! colspan="3" |Uburezi |- !Yize muri | colspan="2" |Kaminuza nkuru y'u Rwanda |- ! colspan="3" |Amakuru yumwuga |- !Umwuga | colspan="2" |Politics na mwarimu |- !Agace | colspan="2" |Imibare |- !Imyanya myinshi | colspan="2" |Minisitiri w’intebe w’u Rwanda  <small>(1993-1994)</small> |- | colspan="3" |[https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q243047 hindura amakuru kuri Wikidata ] |} Umunyamuryango w’Ishyaka Riharanira Demokarasi muri Repubulika (M.D.R.), yabaye Minisitiri w’Intebe w’u Rwanda ku ya 18 Nyakanga 1993, abaye umugore wa mbere (kandi kugeza ubu, wenyine) wabonye uwo mwanya. Mu nshingano ze nk'umuyobozi wa guverinoma, yitabiriye, hamwe na guverinoma ya Perezida [[Juvénal Habyarimana]] , mu mishyikirano yagiranye n’umutwe w’igihugu ukunda igihugu (FPR), inyeshyamba ziyobowe n’abatutsi . Ibiganiro byatumye hashyirwaho umukono ku masezerano ya Arusha muri Kanama 1993, arangiza by'agateganyo intambara yo mu Rwanda . [[Dosiye:Belgian Peacekeepers Memorial monument 18.jpg|thumb|Inyubako yiciwemo abasirikare 10 b'ababiligi barindaga Uwilingiyimana Agathe.]] Ku ya 7 Mata 1994, Perezida Habyarimana apfuye nyuma yuko abantu batamenyekanye barashe indege yari imutwaye. Ubwicanyi bwatangiye bica abatutsi mu murwa mukuru w'u Rwanda, Kigali. Nyuma y'amasaha make, ingabo zizerwa na Habyarimana zahanganye na Uwilingiyimana n'ingabo mpuzamahanga zaturutse mu butumwa bw'umuryango w’abibumbye bufasha u Rwanda (UNAMIR). Minisitiri w’intebe yiciwe, mu gihe abasirikare icumi b’Ababiligi bakorewe iyicarubozo kandi baricwa (abasirikare batanu bo muri [[Gana]] bo muri UNAMIR bararekuwe). Ibyabaye ku ya 7 Mata byaje gutuma haba jenoside ya korewe abatutsi , ihitana abatutsi bari hagati ya 500.000 na miliyoni 2. Uwilingiyimana Agathe ni umwe mu bagore bazwi mu mateka y' u Rwanda, yavukiye mu cyahoze ari Butare ahitwa Nyaruhengeri haherereye muri Km 140 uvuye i Kigali. Hashize igihe gito avutse umuryango we wagiye gukorera mu cyahoze ari Kongo-Mbiligi, Uwilingiyimana afite imyaka ine nibwo umuryango we wagarutse i Butare. Amaze gutsinda ikizamini cya leta cy' amashuri abanza, Uwiringiyimana yagiye kwiga muri Lycée Notre Dame Des Citeaux. Mu 1976 yahawe impamyabumenyi mu, mibare n' ubutabire, ahita aba umwarimu w' imibare muri Ecole Sociale de Butare, muri uwo mwaka ni nabwo yasezeranye na Barahira Ignace baza kubyarana abana bane. Mu 1983 afite imyaka 30 y' amavuko, yabaye umwarimu w' imibare n' ubutabire muri Kaminuza Nkuru y' u Rwanda. Mu 1986 yashinze koperative yo kuzigama no kuguriza mu bayobozi n' abarimu bagenzi be bo mu ishuri rya Butare, ibi bikaba byaramuteye gushimwa n' abayobozi bakuru b' igihugu maze yoherezwa gukora muri minisiteri y' ubucuruzi mu 1989. Agathe Uwiringiyimana Aba Minisitiri w' intebe . Mu 1992 yinjiye mi ishyaka riharanira Demokasi(MDR) ritavugaga rumwe na leta, nyuma y' amezi ane yahise agirwa Minisitiri w' uburezi na Dr Nsengiyaremye Dismas wari minisitiri w' intebe nyuma y' imishyikirano hagati ya perezida Habyarimana Yuvenali n' amashyaka atanu ataravugaga rumwe na leta.Ari ku buyobozi bwa minisiteri y' Uburezi, yakuyeho politiki y' iringaniza rishingiye ku moko mu mashuri, ibi bikaba byaratumye yangwa na benshi mu bayobozi bari bafite ingengabitekerezo y' amacakubiri. Ku itariki 17 Nyakanga 1993, nyuma y' inama hagati ya perezida Habyarimana n' amashyaka atavuga rumwe na leta, Uwiringiyimana Agathe yabaye minisitiri w' intebe wa mbere w' umugore, asimbuye Dr Nsengiyaremye wari waramugize minisitiri w' uburezi. kugirwa minisitiri w' intebe kwa Dr Nsengiyaremye na perezida Habyarimana ntibyigeze byishimirwa n' andi mashyaka.Bitewe nuko Uwiringiyimana atari afite imbaraga nk' abandi bakandida, byahaga ikizere perezida ko azashobora guca icyuho mu mashyaka atavuga rumwe nawe. Ku munsi wo kugirwa minisitiri w' intebe kwa Uwiringiyimana, Dr Nsengiyaremye yahise amuvana mu ishyaka rya MDR. === Agathe Uwiringiyimana n'Amasezerano ya Arusha === Hakomeje kubaho imishyikirano igamije amahoro hagati ya Habyarimana, amashyaka atavuga rumwe nawe ndetse na FPR.Amasezerano hagati ya Habyarimana, amashyaka atanu atavuga rumwe na leta na [[Ishyaka FPR - Inkotanyi|FPR]] yaje gusinywa tariki 4 Kanama 1993 mu masezerano ya Arusha.Habyarimana yagombaga kuba perezida w' agateganyo, minisitiri w' intebe akava muri MDR. Hagati aho Uwiringiyimana ntiyari yishimiwe na perezida ndetse na bamwe mu ishyaka rye ibi bikaba byaragaragariraga mu nama n' abanyamakuru aho bakundaga kumwibasira.Ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya guverinoma y' agateganyo ryagombaga gushyirwa mu bikorwa ku itariki 25 Mata 1994, aho Uwiringiyimana yagombaga kuva kuri uwo mwanya kuko atari akiri muri MDR. === Urupfu rwa Agathe Uwiringiyimana === Ibiganiro hagati ya Habyarimana, Uwiringiyimana na FPR ntibyigeze bigera ku ndunduro kuko perezida Habyarimana yishwe arasiwe mu ndege hafi saa mbiri n' igice z' ijoro ku itariki 6 Mata 1994. Nyuma y' amasaha make Habyarimana yishwe Uwiringiyimana Yagiranye ikiganiro na Radio Mpuzamahanga y' u Bufaransa(RFI), yerekana ibiri kubera mu gihugu agira ati: "hari amasasu hirya no hino, abantu baryamye hasi mu mazu yabo. Turi guhura n' ingaruka z' urupfu rwa perezida, ndizera ko twe abasiviri nta ruhare dufite mw' iyicwa rya perezida." Mbere ya saa cyenda z' ijoro ingabo z' Umuryango w' Abibumbye zohereje abasirikare b' Ababiligi mu rugo rwa Uwiringyimana, zigomba kumuherekeza kugera kuri Radio Rwanda, aho yagombaga gutambutsa ijambo rihumuriza abaturage.Urugo rwa Uwiringiyimana rwari rurinzwe n' Abanyegana batanu bo muri MINUAR hakiyongeraho abandi icumi b' Ababiligi. Imbere mu rugo rwe harimo abasirikare barindaga perezida'ariko hagati ya saa kumi n' ebyiri na mirongo ine n' itanu(6:45) na saa moya na cumi n' itanu (7:15) z' ijoro abasirikare bari bashinzwe kurinda perezida bagose abasirikare ba MINUAR maze babategeka gushyira intwaro zabo hasi. Uwiringiyimana amaze kubona ko nta burinzi agifite yahungiye ahakoreraga abakoranabushake b' Umuryango w' Abibumbye, abatangabuhamya bavuga ko abasirikare bashinzwe kurinda perezida binjiye aho bari bashaka Uwiringiyimana, bitewe nuko yatinyaga ko bakwica [[abana]] be yahise yiyerekana we n' umugabo we maze bahita baraswa ako kanya. Abana be bahise bahungishwa mu Busuwisi, mu gitabo cya Roméo Dallaire yise Shake hands with the Devil avuga ko abana ba Uwiringiyimana Agathe bahungishijwe na kapiteni Mbaye Diagne wari umusirike wa MINUAR. Majoro Ntuyahaga Bernard yashinjwe n' Urukiko Mpuzamahanga Mpanabyaha rwashyiriweho u Rwanda rwa Arusha ko ariwe wishe Uwiringiyimana Agathe n' abasirikare icumi b' Umuryango w' Abibumbye. Uwiringiyimana Agathe yabaye umwe mu bagore bake b' abanyapolitiki babashije kurwanya igitugu. Ubu abarirwa mu ntwali z' igihugu cy' u Rwanda [[Category:Abanyepolitiki]] [[Category:Itsembabwoko]] [[Category:Abanyarwanda]] [[Category:Abahutu]] [[Category:Abagore]] eddajbpbcttekukxizd90bbz9gaq1u3 0 9006 133920 131532 2026-07-21T18:09:37Z Score Beethoven 11559 133920 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:LL-Q33573 (kin)-Adeline07-Murundi.wav|thumb|Uko izina Murundi rivugwa.]] [[Dosiye:Cow monument.jpg|thumb|Ikibumbano cy’inka kigaragaza akamaro k’ubworozi mu Murenge wa Murundi.]] [[Dosiye:Kayonza district map.jpg|thumb|Ikarita yerekana imirenge igize Akarere ka Kayonza.]] '''Umurenge wa Murundi''' ni umwe mu [[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|mirenge]] 12 igize [[Akarere ka Kayonza]], mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]] bw’u [[Rwanda]]. == Ubumenyi bw’isi == Umurenge wa Murundi ufite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 490,97. Ugizwe n’utugari tune ari two Buhabwa, Karambi, Murundi na Ryamanyoni.<ref name="citypopulation">[https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/kayonza/5406__murundi/ « Murundi (Sector, Rwanda) »], ''City Population'', yasuwe ku wa 21 Nyakanga 2026.</ref> Uhana imbibi n’Umurenge wa Rwimbogo mu majyaruguru, [[Umurenge wa Mwiri|Mwiri]] mu majyepfo y’iburasirazuba, [[Gahini]] mu majyepfo, [[Rukara]] mu majyepfo y’iburengerazuba, ndetse na Kiziguro na Rugarama mu burengerazuba. Igice cyawo cy’iburasirazuba giherereye muri [[Pariki y’Akagera]]. == Abaturage == Ibarura rusange ry’abaturage ryo mu 2022 ryagaragaje ko Umurenge wa Murundi wari utuwe n’abaturage 57.809. Mu 2012 wari ufite abaturage 35.742.<ref name="citypopulation"/> == Ubukungu == Ubuhinzi n’ubworozi biri mu bikorwa by’ingenzi by’ubukungu bikorerwa muri Murundi. Muri uyu murenge hubatswe ibigega bifata amazi akoreshwa mu bworozi.<ref>[https://www.kayonza.gov.rw/soma-ibindi/depite-mutesi-anita-yifatanyije-nabaturage-bo-mu-murenge-wa-murundi-kwizihiza-umunsi-mukuru-wumuganura « Depite Mutesi Anita yifatanyije n’abaturage bo mu Murenge wa Murundi kwizihiza Umunsi mukuru w’Umuganura »], ''Akarere ka Kayonza'', yasuwe ku wa 21 Nyakanga 2026.</ref> Mu gishanga cya Gacaca hakorera koperative Duterimbere Murundi ihuza abahinzi b’umuceri. Iyo koperative yashinzwe mu 2013 kandi ikorera hagati y’utugari twa Ryamanyoni na Karambi.<ref>[https://duterimberemurundi.rw/ « Duterimbere Murundi Cooperative »], ''Duterimbere Murundi'', yasuwe ku wa 21 Nyakanga 2026.</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Kayonza]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda]] 7zd1u0l0il8jktf9xmugchbssome2p8 0 9209 133957 131388 2026-07-22T03:50:37Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 133957 wikitext text/x-wiki Seburikoko ni '''Urukurikirane rw'urwenya rwo''' '''mu Rwanda''' rwakozwe na '''Misago Nelly Wilson''' abikora binyuze muri , '''Afrifame ltd''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://yegob.rw/byinshi-wamenya-kuri-siperansiya-wo-muri-seburikoko/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-11 |archive-date=2021-10-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211021105603/https://yegob.rw/byinshi-wamenya-kuri-siperansiya-wo-muri-seburikoko/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>. Ikiganiro cy'iminota 15 kinyura kuri [https://web.archive.org/web/20211101045635/https://www.rba.co.rw/ Televiziyo y'u Rwanda (RTV)] buri wa mbere no ku wa kane saa kumi n'ebyiri na mirongo ine n'itanu (4h45 PM GMT) guhera muri Werurwe 2015 <ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/amakuru-57870027</ref>. Uruhererekane ruzaba rugizwe n'ibihe 4 byanditswe na Mutiganda Wa Nkunda hamwe na 'Rurema Misago Nelly Wilson' kandi bikayoborwa na '''Jones Kennedy Mazimpaka''' hamwe na samples studios <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://rwanda.shafaqna.com/EN/AL/150665 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-11 |archive-date=2021-11-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211111124734/https://rwanda.shafaqna.com/EN/AL/150665 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>https://umuryango.rw/ad-restricted/article/dore-impamvu-nyamukuru-yatumye-muyobozi-uri-mu-bakunzwe-cyane-muri-filimi-ya</ref> . Irimo itsinda ryitsinda rigizwe n'umunyarwanda wamamaye wumunyarwenya Gratien Niyitegeka nk'umuntu w'icyubahiro '''Seburikoko''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://m.eachamps.rw/article/5635/Seburikoko-muri-filime-nyarwanda--zihataniye-ibihembo-mpuzamahanga.php |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-11 |archive-date=2021-11-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211111124732/https://m.eachamps.rw/article/5635/Seburikoko-muri-filime-nyarwanda--zihataniye-ibihembo-mpuzamahanga.php |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>http://www.isimbi.rw/sinema/article/umukunzi-wa-kibonke-muri-seburikoko-yanze-gukina-atwite</ref>, Antoinette Uwamahoro nkumugore we Siperansiya, Erneste Kalisa, Ngabo Leo, Mediatrice ya Muhutukazi (uzwi cyane kubera uruhare muri radio yisabune yo mu [[Rwanda]] yitwa Kankwanzi) ), n'abandsi benshi. <ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/88807/akari-ku-mutima-wa-seburikoko-na-nikuze-ushimira-inyarwandacom-nyuma-wo-kwegukana-ibihembo-88807.html</ref> '''Seburikoko''' yabaye porogaramu ikunzwe cyane kuri Televiziyo y'u [[Rwanda]] kandi mu mpera za sizoni 4 muri Werurwe 2016, televiziyo yategetse izindi sizoni 4 zizakomeza muri Werurwe 2017 <ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imyidagaduro/sinema/article/menya-uko-umunsi-wa-niyitegeka-gratien-papa-sava-uba-uteye-muri-gumamurugo</ref> . == Abakinnyi hamwe ninyuguti<ref>https://rwandamagazine.com/imyidagaduro/article/hatangajwe-amatariki-seburikoko-izongera-kunyuzwa-kuri-rtv</ref> == * Niyitegeka Gratien nka Seburikoko * Antoinette Uwamahoro nka Siperansiya * Umuganwa Sarah nka Mutoni * Mugisha Emmanuel nka Kibonge * Chantal Nyakubyara nka Nyiramana * Ernest Kalisa nka Rulinda * Léon Ngabo nka Kadogo * Noella Niyomubaye nka Liliane == Ibihembo == Ku nshuro ya 5 ya Rwanda Movie Awards, Urukurikirane rwa TV rwatsindiye ibihembo 8 birimo Urukurikirane rwiza rwa TV<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://kigalirealnews.com/inkuru-ibabaje-cyane-kuri-siperansiya-wo-muri-seburikoko-mwakunze-cyane-tumusengere-cyane/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-11 |archive-date=2021-11-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211111124734/https://kigalirealnews.com/inkuru-ibabaje-cyane-kuri-siperansiya-wo-muri-seburikoko-mwakunze-cyane-tumusengere-cyane/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>, Umuyobozi mwiza, Umukinnyi wa mbere witwaye neza ndetse n’umukinnyi wa filime maze akomeza gutsindira 4 kuri serivise nziza za TV, umuyobozi mwiza, umukinnyi wa cinemateri mwiza na injeniyeri mwiza<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20210119020031/https://kissfm.rw/abakinnyi-ba-filime-begukanye-ibihembo-muri-rwanda-international-movie-awards/</ref>. == Inyandiko == '''SEBURIKOKO''' avuga inkuru y'umugabo witwa '''Seburikoko''' wiyita '''SEBU''' kubera izina yumva muri we nk'umutunzi mu baturanyi b'umudugudu w'impimbano wa '''Gatoto''' . Ntakintu akorera umuryango we kuko amara umwanya wose anywa inzoga, agurisha ibintu byo munzu yaguzwe n'umugore we '''Siperansiya''' ukora ibishoboka byose kugirango atunge umuryango<ref>Rwanda: Papa Sava, Seburikoko… Urugendo rw'umwami wa byendagusetsa - BBC News Gahuza</ref>. Umwana wabo umwe rukumbi '''Mutoni''', batashoboye gushyira mu ishuri, yavuye i '''[[Kigali]]''' gushaka ubuzima bushya. Igihe kirageze ubwo yiyemeza gusubira mu rugo kurugamba rwo kurwanya se. Bazamuhindura?<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://bwiza.com/?dufite-abahashyi-cyane-kurusha-uko-twakagize-abahanzi-samusure |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-11 |archive-date=2021-11-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211111125023/https://bwiza.com/?dufite-abahashyi-cyane-kurusha-uko-twakagize-abahanzi-samusure |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Ibisobanuro === '''Ubwoko:''' Urwenya, Ikinamico, filimi '''Umuremyi''': Misago Nelly Wilson '''Umwanditsi''' (s): Mutiganda Wa Nkunda na Misago Nelly Wilson '''Abakinnyi''': * Gratien Niyitegeka * Antoinette Uwamahoro * Ernest Kalisa * Ngabo Leo * Mediatrice Muhutukazi * Leocadie Uwabeza * Nyakubyara * Gasasira Jean Pierre * Umuganwa Sara '''Igihugu bakomokamo''':[[Rwanda]] '''Ururimi rwumwimerere''': Kinyarwanda '''Oya y'ibihe''': 4 '''Umubare w'ibice''': 96 === Umusaruro === '''Producer Executif''': AFRIFAME LTD, ZACU ENTERTAINMENT '''Producer''': Misago Wilson (Nelly) '''Muhinduzi (s)''': * Richard Mugwaneza * Pamela Mugisha '''Sinema''': Habarurema Mustafa, Udahemuka Louis '''Umuyobozi''': Jones Kennedy Mazimpaka, Niyitegeka Gratien '''Ijwi''': Sengabo Ally Tresor, Alain Gilbert '''Gushiraho Kamera''': Kamera imwe '''Isosiyete ikora''': Amashusho ya Afrifame '''Ikwirakwiza''': RTV, TV ya Zacu == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Abahanzi ba abanyarwanda]] <references /> [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] 3105r3k2mrdosrnacml2b3fbr49e8al 0 9852 133858 133796 2026-07-20T12:20:10Z ~2026-40462-08 18589 133858 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Logo ICDL.svg|thumb|Ikirango cya ICDL]] Alice Umurerwa ni umunyarwandakazi akaba umuyobozi ushinzwe iterambere ry'isoko mu kigo cya ICDL Afrika.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.igihe.com/spip.php?page=mv2_article&id_article=38387 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-12-06 |archive-date=2021-12-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211206115858/https://en.igihe.com/spip.php?page=mv2_article&id_article=38387 |url-status=dead }}</ref> iki kigo gitanga amahugurwa ku bumenyi bwa mudasobwa <ref>https://www.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/uruhare-rwa-icdl-mu-iterambere-ry-ikoranabuhanga-mu-rwanda</ref> == AMASHAKIRO == [[Ikiciro:Abanyarwandakazi bari muri business]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] m8l100bm9xkwnngtzj7ku6o2eyva5mu 0 9886 134025 88796 2026-07-22T14:51:09Z B.Scalling 15089 gukosora no kongeramo Amakuru 134025 wikitext text/x-wiki Agnes Mukashyaka <ref name=":0">https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/impuhwe-za-kibyeyi-zatumye-mukashyaka-ashinga-ikigo-cyita-ku-bana-bafite</ref>ni Umunyarwandakazi uzwi mu bikorwa byo guteza imbere uburenganzira n'imibereho y'abana bafite ubumuga bwo mu mutwe n'imiryango yabo. Ni umwe mu bashinze kandi akaba umuhuzabikorwa wa [[Izere mubyeyi|Izere Mubyeyi Organization,]] umuryango nyarwanda uharanira uburenganzira bw'abana bafite ubumuga bwo mu mutwe, ubukangurambaga<ref name=":1">https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/ambasaderi-wa-amerika-mu-rwanda-yahembye-abanyarwandakazi-bane-b-indashyikirwa</ref> bwo kubarengera, no kubafasha kubona serivisi zibafasha kwiteza imbere .<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.izeremubyeyi.org.rw/events/amakuru/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-12-10 |archive-date=2021-12-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211210095145/http://www.izeremubyeyi.org.rw/events/amakuru/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Umwuga<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> == Agnes Mukashyaka ni umuhuzabikorwa wa Izere Mubyeyi Organization. Uyu muryango ukora ibikorwa birimo: * Kumenyekanisha uburenganzira bw'abana bafite ubumuga bwo mu mutwe. * Gufasha imiryango irera abana bafite ubumuga. * Gukorana n'inzego za Leta n'abafatanyabikorwa mu guteza imbere uburezi budaheza n'ubuvuzi bukwiye. * Gukangurira abaturage kwakira no kutavangura abantu bafite ubumuga. Mu mwaka wa 2023, Agnes Mukashyaka yatsindiye IVLP Impact Award, igihembo gitangwa ku bitabiriye gahunda ya ''International Visitor Leadership Program (IVLP)'' ya Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika. Yakoresheje inkunga y'icyo gihembo mu mushinga wo kumenya abana bafite ubumuga bwo mu mutwe no kubahuza na serivisi zibafasha mu Mujyi wa Kigali.<ref name=":1" /> ====== Ibikorwa ====== Agnes Mukashyaka yagiye agaragara mu bikorwa bitandukanye byo guteza imbere uburenganzira bw'abantu bafite ubumuga, by'umwihariko abana bafite ubumuga bwo mu mutwe. Yagize uruhare mu bukangurambaga bwo kongera ubumenyi ku bumuga no guteza imbere ubufatanye hagati y'imiryango, ibigo by'amashuri n'inzego z'ubuzima. === Reba kandi === * [[Izere mubyeyi|Izere Mubyeyi]] * [[Abafite ubumuga mu Rwanda|Ubumuga mu Rwanda]] == Amashakiro == raod3niqdm1ojxskkkddy3crz792egi 0 10049 134044 133159 2026-07-22T16:01:38Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 134044 wikitext text/x-wiki == Uwase Hirwa Honorine == Miss Uwase wamamaye cyane mu mwaka wa 2017 mu marushanwa ya [[Nyampinga w'u Rwanda|nyaminga]] w'u [[Rwanda]] yamamara biturutse ku ijambo igisabo bigatuma ahabwa ikamba ry umukobwa ukoresha imbuga cyanee.<ref>https://teradignews.rw/uko-byagenze-kugirango-miss-igisabo-ahabwe-ikamba-rya-miss-social-media/</ref> == Imirimo == Uwase Hirwa Honorine wamenyekanye mu marushanwa yo gushaka [[Nyampinga w'u Rwanda|nyampinga]] uhiga abandi mu.bwiza <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://yegob.rw/amafoto-ya-miss-igisabo-yazamuye-imbamutima-zabiganjemo-abigitsinagabo/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-02-24 |archive-date=2022-02-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224181552/https://yegob.rw/amafoto-ya-miss-igisabo-yazamuye-imbamutima-zabiganjemo-abigitsinagabo/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> mu [[Rwanda]] yabaye nyampinga w'u Rwanda muri 2017 akamenyekana ku kazina ka Miss Igisabo yaje kwegukana ikamba rya Miss popularity cg umukobwa wakunzwe n'abandi ku mbuga nkoranyambaga mu [[Rwanda]] akaba yarinjiye mu irushanwa rya Nyampinga ahagarariye Intara y'Iburengerazuba.<ref>https://umuryango.rw/ad-restricted/article/miss-igisabo-yongeye-kuvugisha-abatari-bake-nyuma-y-amafoto-yashyize-hanze</ref> == Agashya == [[Nyampinga w'u Rwanda|Nyampiga]] wahize abandi mu gukundwa n'abantu kumbuga nkoranyambaga ariwe Uwase Hirwa Honoline<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ibyamamare.com/uwase-honorine-wamamaye-nka-miss-igisabo-mumunyenga-wurukundo-numusore-bitegura-kubana/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-03 |archive-date=2022-03-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220307181215/https://ibyamamare.com/uwase-honorine-wamamaye-nka-miss-igisabo-mumunyenga-wurukundo-numusore-bitegura-kubana/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> wamamaye cyane ku izina rya Miss igisabo mu [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]] yongeye kugaragara cyane kumbuga ashyira amafoto agaragaza ubwiza bwe bikaba byaratumye benshi mu bamukunda n'abafana be bongera ku muvugaho ndetse bimwongerera no kurebwa cyane ku mbuga ze akoresha.<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/114817/miss-igisabo-ari-mu-rukundo-ruzira-gitangira-114817.html</ref> === Ubuzima bwite === Uwase Hirwa Honorine yasezeranye mu mategeko n'umukunzi we Nsengiyumva Mugisha Christian mu muhango wabereye mu Murenge wa Nyarugenge mu [[Akarere ka Nyarugenge|Karere ka Nyarugenge]] mu mujyi wa [[Kigali]] rwagati. Ni umuhango wari witabiriye n'umuryango wabo ndetse n'inshuti zabo zitandukanye zari mu cyumba Miss Gisabo yasezeranye mo cyane ko basezeranye hari inshuti n'abavandimwe baje ku bashyigikira.[https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/126373/uwase-honorine-wamamaye-nka-miss-gisabo-yasezeranye-mu-mategeko-amafoto-126373.html 6] == AMASHAKIRO; == <references />6.https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/126373/uwase-honorine-wamamaye-nka-miss-gisabo-yasezeranye-mu-mategeko-amafoto-126373.html b9ztxclio0b5f79tvso4ptbb0ulu9v7 0 10211 134046 118628 2026-07-22T16:08:09Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 134046 wikitext text/x-wiki Uwimana Clarisse Ni Umunyarwandakazi w'Umunyamakurukazi ukora amakuru y'imikino,wanabaye Umukinnyi w'umupira wamaguru mu Amakipe y'Abagore mu [[Rwanda]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://yegob.rw/ibyabaye-ku-musore-wakunze-umunyamakuru-clarisse-uwimana-si-byiza-habe-na-mba/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-04-30 |archive-date=2022-04-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220430173732/https://yegob.rw/ibyabaye-ku-musore-wakunze-umunyamakuru-clarisse-uwimana-si-byiza-habe-na-mba/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Dosiye:Uwimana Clarisse aveiro.jpg|thumb|UWIMANA Clarisse]] Umunyamakurukazi wa B&B FM Clarisse yaje kwerekeza mu gihugu cya Cameroon ahari hagiye kubera [[Igikombe cy’Afurika cy’Ibihugu (CAN 2010)|Igikombe cy’Afurika cy’Ibihugu]] ([[Igikombe cy’Afurika cy’Ibihugu (CAN 2010)|CAN 2021]])<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://yegob.rw/umunyamakuru-wa-bb-fm-umwezi-uwimana-clarisse-niwe-munyamakuru-umwe-rukumbi-mu-rwanda-ugiye-kwitabira-can-2021-1/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-13 |archive-date=2022-01-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220107041148/https://yegob.rw/umunyamakuru-wa-bb-fm-umwezi-uwimana-clarisse-niwe-munyamakuru-umwe-rukumbi-mu-rwanda-ugiye-kwitabira-can-2021-1/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>. Clamama nkuko bakunze kumwita, yatangaje ko iyi ari CAN ye ya gatatu yari agiye kwitabira nyuma y’icyabereye muri Egypt mu mwaka 2019 ndetse nicyo mu mwaka 2017 cyabereye muri [[Gabon]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://yegob.rw/umunyamakuru-wa-bb-fm-umwezi-uwimana-clarisse-niwe-munyamakuru-umwe-rukumbi-mu-rwanda-ugiye-kwitabira-can-2021-1/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-13 |archive-date=2022-01-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220107041148/https://yegob.rw/umunyamakuru-wa-bb-fm-umwezi-uwimana-clarisse-niwe-munyamakuru-umwe-rukumbi-mu-rwanda-ugiye-kwitabira-can-2021-1/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amakipe yakiniye == Uwimana watangiye gukina Umupira w'amaguru Aho yatangiriye mumashuri abanza nayisumbuye harimo ikigo cyamashuri cya Apaer Rusororo Yakiniye APR FC Yabagore na AS KIGALI Yabagore, Clarisse Kandi Yakinnye no hanze Y'Igihugu Aho Yakiniye Source du Kivu women football team<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/sports/who-are-top-female-sports-journalists-rwanda-meet-women-runningthe-show</ref>. [[Dosiye:Clarisse Aveiro.jpg|thumb|Clarisse Aveiro]] Umunyamakurukazi Uwimana Clarisse niwe munyamakuru umwe rukumbi mu [[Rwanda]] witabiye [[Igikombe cy’Afurika cy’Ibihugu (CAN 2010)|Igikombe cy’Afurika cy’Ibihugu (CAN 2021)]] Ahagarariye radiyo akorera B&B fm Umwezi nk'umukozi wagombaga kuba ari kuri tere abagezaho amakuru.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ibyamamare.com/umunyamakuru-clarisse-uwimana-wa-radio-bb-fm-yagaragajeko-yishimiye-ko-yahawe-indabo-ku-munsi-wa-saint-valentin-ku-ifoto-asiba-uwazimuhaye-bituma-benshi-bibaza-icyabimuteye/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-13 |archive-date=2022-05-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220513124230/https://ibyamamare.com/umunyamakuru-clarisse-uwimana-wa-radio-bb-fm-yagaragajeko-yishimiye-ko-yahawe-indabo-ku-munsi-wa-saint-valentin-ku-ifoto-asiba-uwazimuhaye-bituma-benshi-bibaza-icyabimuteye/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amaradiyo yakozeho == Yakoze kuri Radiyo Flash FM akora kuri Contact FM & Contact TV, Ubu akaba akora kuri radiyo y'Imikino B&B fm Umwezi. == Ibirambuye<ref><nowiki>https://ibyamamare-com.cdn.ampproject.org/v/s/ibyamamare.com/umunyamakuru-uwimana-clarisse-yahawe-impano-yumwambaro-numukinnyi-wa-polisi-wamusanze-ku-kaziamafoto/?amp=1&amp_gsa=1&amp_js_v=a9&usqp=mq331AQKKAFQArABIIACAw%3D%3D#amp_tf=From%20%251%24s&aoh=16513380295554&referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com&ampshare=https%3A%2F%2Fibyamamare.com%2Fumunyamakuru-uwimana-clarisse-yahawe-impano-yumwambaro-numukinnyi-wa-polisi-wamusanze-ku-kaziamafoto%2F</nowiki></ref> == 7vaq805i9f2j2b33nlolx6ok9jyp6qw 0 10213 133874 132477 2026-07-20T18:28:00Z Clemy Keza 18414 Clemy Keza moved page [[Abayisenga Marie Grace]] to [[Abayizera Marie Grace]]: Wrong name 132477 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Young Grace 2.jpg|thumb|Abayizera Marie Grace]] <big>Abayizera</big> <big>Marie Grace ni</big> umunyarwandakazi w'umuraperi wavutse ku wa 19 Nzeri 1993. Yavukiye i [[Umujyi wa Rubavu|Rubavu]] mu cyahoze ari Gisenyi<ref name=":0">[https://umuryango.rw/imyidagaduro/article/young-grace-watandukanye-n-abasore-batanu-yavuze-ku-muzungu-umurusha-imyaka-6#google_vignette Young Grace watandukanye n’abasore batanu yavuze ku muzungu umurusha imyaka (…) - Umuryango.rw] </ref>. Azwi cyane nk’umwe mu bakobwa bazamuye injyana ya Hip Hop mu [[Rwanda]], aho yigaragaje akiri muto binyuze mu ndirimbo ze zatumye izina rye rimenyekana ku rwego rw’igihugu.<ref>[https://kigalitoday.com/imyidagaduro/muzika/article/knowless-na-young-grace-basezererwe-muri-pggss-2 Knowless na Young Grace basezererwe muri PGGSS 2 - Kigali Today]</ref> == Ubuzima bwite<ref name=":0" /> == Young Grace ni imfura mu muryango w’abana batatu kandi yakuriye mu muryango w’ababyeyi bombi. Yatangiye muzika rwihishwa, ariko nyuma ababyeyi be baza kumushyigikira bamaze kubona impano ye. Uretse muzika, yakomeje amasomo ye muri Kaminuza. Yavuze ko umuziki wamufashije kwiyishyurira ishuri, kugura imodoka no kwiyubakira ubuzima bwigenga akiri muto. == Umwuga<ref name=":1" /> == Abayizera Marie Grace yinjiye mu muziki mu mpera za 2009, akora indirimbo ye ya mbere yise ''Hip Hop Game,'' akiri mu mashuri yisumbuye. Iyo ndirimbo yamubereye intangiriro y’urugendo rwe rwa muzika, imukuriza izina n’abafana benshi mu Karere ka Rubavu. nyuma yaho, yatangiye kumenyekanisha umuziki we muri Kigali aho byaje no kumuhira mu mwaka wa 2010, ajya mu bahanzi bahatanira ibihembo bya Salax Awards, aho yaje kwegukana igihembo cy'umuhanzi mwiza ukiri muto "Best Teen Artist". Mu rugendo rwe, yakoze indirimbo nyinshi ndetse ashyira hanze album zitandukanye. Yitabiriye kandi amarushanwa akomeye ya muzika mu [[Rwanda women's national football team|Rwanda]] arimo nka '''Primus Guma Guma Super Star inshuro zitandukanye''', akaba umwe mu bahanzi nyarwanda bayitabiriye inshuro nyinshi ni ukuvuga nko muri 2012, muri 2014, 2015, 2016 na 2018. Mu mwaka wa 2014, yaje ku mwanya wa 9 mu bahanzi 10 bahatanaga. Yahembwe miliyoni imwe y'amanyarwanda. Byamufashije gukomeza kumenyekana no kwagura ibikorwa bye bya muzika. Young Grace ahamya ko [[Umuziki gakondo w'u Rwanda|umuziki]] wamufashije kwigenga no kwiteza imbere.<ref name=":1">https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/muzika/abahanzi/young-grace/amakuru/article/ku-myaka-21-young-grace-yujuje </ref> == Amashuri y'ize == Uyu mukobwa wurubavu ruto n'i imfura mu muryango wabana batatu ,akurikirwa na musaza we hagaheruka umukobwa . afite ababyeyi bombi y'iga muri kaminuza mu mwaka w'akabiri2.<ref>[https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/muzika/abahanzi/young-grace/amakuru/article/ku-myaka-21-young-grace-yujuje#:~:text=Kuwa%2019%20Nzeri%201993%20i,ya%20Hip%20Hop%20mu%20Rwanda. https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/muzika/abahanzi/young-grace/amakuru/article/ku-myaka-21-young-grace-yujuje#:~:text=Kuwa%2019%20Nzeri%201993%20i,ya%20Hip%20Hop%20mu%20Rwanda.]</ref> == Amashakiro == <references />{{DEFAULTSORT:ABAYISENGA Marie Grace (young grace)}} [[Ikiciro:Abahanzi ba abanyarwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Umuziki nyarwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Rwandan artists]] ji0uf4rzm1dj15qmgx22y9kp45vuxun 0 10418 134047 113543 2026-07-22T16:10:48Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 134047 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Rufonsina.jpg|thumb|Uwimpuwe Sandrine uzimuri film nka Rufonsina|358x358px]] [[Dosiye:Uwimpuwe Sandrine.jpg|thumb|Rufonsina Umukinnyikazi wa film mu Rwanda]] <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://yegob.rw/umuhungu-we-wagira-ngo-baravukana-rufonsina-wo-muri-filime-umuturanyi-yerekanye-umwana-we-wumuhungu-abyiruye-amafoto/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-08-07 |archive-date=2023-08-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230807174125/https://yegob.rw/umuhungu-we-wagira-ngo-baravukana-rufonsina-wo-muri-filime-umuturanyi-yerekanye-umwana-we-wumuhungu-abyiruye-amafoto/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>'''Uwimpundu Sandrine''' ni umugore w'umunyarwandakazi akaba umukinnyi wa [[Filimi ya Seburikoko|filime]] umaze kumenyekana cyane mu [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]] ku mazina ya Rufonsina. == UBUZIMA BWITE == '''Uwimpundu Sandrine''' ubundi amazina ye yanyayo ni ayo, aho benshi ku mbuga nkoranyambaga no kuri televisiyo na [[Radiyo y’abaturage ya Huye|radiyo]] <ref>https://www.rba.co.rw/</ref> azwi nka Rufonsina. [[Umwana]] w'umukobwa w'umunyamahane cyane akaba [[umwana]] w'umukobwa w'umunyacyaro cyane utewe ishema ryokuvuga [[Ikigori|ikigoyi]] (ni ururimi rukoreshwa mu [[Intara y’Amajyaruguru y’u Rwanda|majyaruguru]]<ref>https://www.northernprovince.gov.rw/</ref> ashyira [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba|burengerazuba]]<ref>https://www.westernprovince.gov.rw/</ref> bw'u [[Rwanda]].) Uwimpundu afite umugabo bashakanye afite n'[[umwana]] umwe w'umukobwa akaba ari Mama Gallois izina ry'[[Umubyeyi Sharifa|ububyeyi]], akaba asazwe akora akazi umwuga w'ukubudozi .<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/entertainment/actress-rufonsina-shares-journey-stardom</ref>Uwimpundu Sandrine uzwi nka Rufonsina ndetse akaba ubu ari umukinnyi genderwaho muri filime inyura kuri television Rwanda mu cyigo cy'igihugu cy'itangazamakuru RBA, ahoo akina ari umudozi w'imyenda, witwa cyane kukazike ndetse n'abakiriye be abitaho , afite kandi umwana w;umuhugu umwe . <ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/114025/inzozi-za-rufonsina-wamamaye-muri-sinema-kubera-ikigoyi-114025.html</ref><ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/amakuru-60414624</ref> == GUKINA FILIME == '''Uwimpundu Sandine''' tuzi kumazina ya '''Rufonsina'''<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sWCybNTWa24</ref> uri mu bagore bacye bakina [[Filimi ya Seburikoko|filime]] mu [[Rwanda]] basetsa nkuko abagabo babikora,akaba ari umwe utuma filime Nyarwanda zikundwa. izina '''Rufonsina''' ryatumwe amenyekana muri [[Filimi ya Seburikoko|filime]] ari gukina yatumwe amenyekana cyane, Rufonsina ukunze gukina filime ari umugoyikazi (uvuga [[Ikigori|ikigoyi]]<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DNb6BPLL9Lc</ref>). '''Rufonsina''' wabaye umukinnyi muri [[Filimi ya Seburikoko|filime]] Ejo Si Cyera, byamufashije kumenyekana, kakaba ari kamwe mu kamufashije kumenyekana cyane, Ati " Akantu nkina nkubitana imigeri [[SEBURIKOKO|Seburikoko]]<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ILy-SInA18M</ref>imigeri,ncanga imigeri ako kantu naragakunze cyane gafite urwego kashyizeho kuko karahererekanyijwe cyane n'abantu bo [[Hande Yener|hanze]] barampamagaye biti usanzwe ukina karate?, ni gute ukubita umugobo agahunga, bimeze bite?". Rufonsina umaze imwaka myinshi akina [[Filimi ya Seburikoko|filime]] isaga 12, gukina [[Filimi ya Seburikoko|filime]] no gutebya ntabwo ari ibintu ashakisha cyangwa yaba yarize mu mashuri ahubwo ni impano [[Imana]] Yamuhaye, yagize Ati " ushobora kumbwira ngo ngwino nguhe [[Akazi Kanoze (AKA)|akazi]] Gukina) nkacishamo ijisho umunota umwe nkahita mbikora binyoroheye.<ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/amakuru-60414624</ref> '''Uwimpundu Sandrine''' ubu ari gukina muri [[Filimi ya Seburikoko|filime]] eshanu icyarimwe, ibyo akabishobora kuko badakina babatunguye kandi abikora bucye bucye. [[Filimi ya Seburikoko|Filime]] yinjiye no mu rugo rwe kuburyo ibyo akora umugabo we arabikunda ndetse aranamushyigikiye, naho [[umwana]] ,<ref>https://kigalihit.rw/rufonsina-umukinnyi-wa-film-ukunzwe-mu-rwanda-yatunguwe-numwana-we/</ref> we w' [[Umwana|umukobwa]] y'ibyariye ntakimwita mama we ahubwo amwita Rusonsi ngwino wirebe dore uri kunyura kuti televiziyo, gusa uwo mwana nawe arabikunda. '''Rufonsina'''<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sWCybNTWa24</ref> ucyeneye iterambere rirambye kandi rihoraho afite intego yo kuzaba umukinnyi mpuzamahanga muri [[Filimi ya Seburikoko|filime]] na [[Cinema of Botswana|cinema]] ku [[Isi|isi.]] <ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/entertainment/actress-rufonsina-shares-journey-stardom</ref> == IBIHEMBO == '''Uwimpundu Sandrine''' (Yageze i [[kigali]] bwa mbere 2007 akaba yaratangiye gukina [[Filimi ya Seburikoko|filime]] 2009) yahawe ibihembo bibiri mu [[Rwanda]] nk'umukinnyi mwiza wa [[Filimi ya Seburikoko|filime]] w'umwaka wa 2020, n'umukinnyi mwiza wa byenda gusetsa w'[[umwaka]] 2020. '''Rufonsina'''<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J9Asa2Nplpw</ref> amaze gukina [[Filimi ya Seburikoko|filime]] nyishi zirimo Kibonke<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e_f91Xm1n-s</ref> Papa Sava<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dRZtPk4WQG8</ref>, [[SEBURIKOKO|Seburikoko]],<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u_dm69U7ZGM</ref> Ejo si kera<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WcsOP7SA7eM</ref>, Umuturanyi<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UlX3j5CBKNw</ref>.<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/114025/inzozi-za-rufonsina-wamamaye-muri-sinema-kubera-ikigoyi-114025.html</ref> == Reba == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Umugore]] [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa filime]] [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa film]] 8u9k9851pktynmgf4bntxpuhhdpwp3m 0 10519 133992 129585 2026-07-22T09:50:00Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 133992 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mukaruliza Monique''' ni umunyapolitikikazi wo mu [[Rwanda]] wabaye Umujyanama mu Minisiteri y’Ububanyi n’Amahanga n’Ubutwererane Mpuzamahanga (MINAFETT) y'u [[Rwanda]]. Mukaruliza kandi yanabaye mu buyobozi bwa Banki ya Kigali aho yakoze nk’umugenzuzi w’imari, nyuma aba umuyobozi mukuru w’imari mu kigo cy’impfubyi, Village d’Enfants SOS Kinderdolf International-Rwanda. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Amb Mukaruliza appointed strategic advisor in MINAFETT |url=https://en.igihe.com/news/article/amb-mukaruliza-appointed-strategic-advisor-in-minafett |access-date=2021-11-13 |website=IGIHE |language=en}}</ref> Yitabye Imana kuwa 30 [[Werurwe]] 2024 aguye i Bruxelle mu [[Bubiligi]] aho yari amaze [[Icyumweru|ibyumweru]] bibiri arwariye.<ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/ambasaderi-mukaruriza-monique-yitabye-imana</ref> == Amashuri Yize == Monique Mukaruliza yari umunyapolitiki w’Umunyarwandakazi wize amasomo ajyanye n’ubucuruzi n’imicungire y’imari, harimo '''ibaruramari (Accounting)''' n’'''imari (Finance)'''. Yari afite impamyabumenyi za kaminuza mu by’ubucuruzi n’imicungire, zamufashije gukora mu nzego zitandukanye z’ubuyobozi mu Rwanda no mu rwego mpuzamahanga<ref>[https://rushyashya.net/abayobozi-bashya-bumujyi-wa-kigali-bamenyekanye/?utm_source=chatgpt.com https://rushyashya.net/abayobozi-bashya-bumujyi-wa-kigali-bamenyekanye]</ref><ref>[https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/mu-rwanda/Ambasaderi-Monique-Mukaruliza-witabye-Imana-yari-muntu-ki?utm_source=chatgpt.com https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/mu-rwanda/Ambasaderi-Monique-Mukaruliza-witabye-Imana-yari-muntu-ki?utm_source]</ref> == Umwuga == Mbere yuko ashingwa cyangwa ashyirwaho, '''Mukaruliza''' yari yagizwe uwahoze ari Ambasaderi w'u [[Rwanda]] muri [[Zambiya]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Cabinet appointed Ambassador Monique Mukaruliza as the strategic advisor in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International |url=https://www.icnl.org/wp-content/uploads/CabinetCom.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://umuryango.rw/index.php?page=print&id_article=29265 |access-date=2021-11-13 |website=umuryango.rw |title=Archive copy |archive-date=2021-11-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211113112253/https://umuryango.rw/index.php?page=print&id_article=29265 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yabaye umuyobozi w'umujyi wa [[Kigali]] mu mwaka wa 2016 Kugeza mu mwaka wa 2017, Umuyobozi wa gatatu w’umugore kuva mu mwaka 1996. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-02-29 |title=Monique Mukaruliza is new Kigali City mayor |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/197529 |access-date=2021-11-13 |website=The New Times {{!}} Rwanda |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Monique Mukaruliza is new Kigali City mayor |url=https://theprepaideconomy.com/post/140213093278/monique-mukaruliza-is-new-kigali-city-mayor |access-date=2021-11-13 |website=The Prepaid Economy: African Edition |archive-date=2021-11-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211113112700/https://theprepaideconomy.com/post/140213093278/monique-mukaruliza-is-new-kigali-city-mayor |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yabaye kandi umuyobozi wa [[Ishyaka FPR-Inkotanyi|FPR]] mu [[Kigali|Mujyi wa Kigali]] <ref>{{Cite web |title=Mukaruliza is the new RPF Chairperson in City of Kigali |url=https://rpfinkotanyi.rw/index.php?id=187&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=301&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&cHash=f2d811e2e6c17c72cdd56ebaec161101 |access-date=2021-11-13 |website=rpfinkotanyi.rw}}</ref> kandi yahoze ari Minisitiri wa mbere w’umuryango [[Umuryango w’Ibihugu by’Iburasirazuba bw’Afurika|w’ibihugu by’Afurika y’iburasirazuba]] minisiteri yitwa(MINEAC). <ref>{{Cite web |title=THREE EALA MEMBERS SWORN-IN - EAC Repository |url=http://repository.eac.int/bitstream/handle/11671/365/397-three-eala-members-sworn-in-.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y |url-status=dead |access-date=2022-05-13 |archive-date=2021-11-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211113112253/http://repository.eac.int/bitstream/handle/11671/365/397-three-eala-members-sworn-in-.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-07-18 |title=EAC minister to focus on implementation of regional projects |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/67580 |access-date=2021-11-13 |website=The New Times {{!}} Rwanda |language=en}}</ref> '''Monique''' yatangiye imirimo nka minisitiri wa MINEAC mu mwaka wa 2008 kugeza ku taliki ya 25 Gashyantare mu mwaka wa 2013. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Rwanda's EAC Minister Sworn in as EALA Member —East African Legislative Assembly |url=https://www.eala.org/index.php/media/view/rwandas-eac-minister-sworn-in-as-eala-member |access-date=2021-11-13 |website=www.eala.org}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=MFA Press Statement Call On Rwanda President Paul Kagame by Senior Minister Of State For Foreign Aff |url=http://www.mfa.gov.sg/Newsroom/Press-Statements-Transcripts-and-Photos/2008/03/MFA-Press-Statement-Call-On-Rwanda-President-Paul-Kagame-by-Senior-Minister-Of-State-For-Foreign-Aff |access-date=2021-11-13 |website=www.mfa.gov.sg |language=en}}</ref> Mbere yuko agirwa minisitiri muri minisiteri ya MINEAC, '''Mukaruliza''' yari ahagarariye Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’Afurika muri [[Sudani]] kandi yabaye umuyobozi wungirije w’umuyobozi wa komisiyo y'Ubumwe bwa Afurika AU muri Sudani hagati yu mwaka wa 2005 nu mwaka wa 2008. '''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sudan: AU welcomes inauguration of Darfur transitional authority - Sudan |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/sudan/sudan-au-welcomes-inauguration-darfur-transitional-authority |access-date=2021-11-13 |website=ReliefWeb |language=en}}</ref>''' <ref>{{Cite web |title=Rwanda: La ministre rwandaise Monique Mukaruliza annonce l'adhésion du Sud-Soudan à la Communauté est-africaine — Rwandinfo_FR |url=https://rwandinfo.com/fr/rwanda-la-ministre-rwandaise-monique-mukaruliza-annonce-ladhesion-du-sud-soudan-a-la-communaute-est-africaine/ |access-date=2021-11-13}}</ref> Yagize kandi uruhare mu ishyirwaho n’ivugurura ryakurikiyeho mu [[Ikigo cy'u Rwanda gishinzwe Imisoro n'Amahoro|kigo cy’imisoro n’u Rwanda]] igihe yakoraga nka komiseri ushinzwe ubuziranenge cyangwa (Ubugenzuzi bw’imbere niterambere mu Gihugu). Afite uburambe muri serivisi z’amabanki kuko yabaye Komiseri w’imisoro yo mu Gihugu, Ushinzwe gusesengura imari muri [[Banki ya Kigali]] hagati yu mwaka wa 1998 nu mwaka wa 2001. <ref>{{Cite web |title=New Kigali mayor briefs |url=https://en.igihe.com/news/new-kigali-mayor-briefs |access-date=2021-11-13 |website=IGIHE |language=en |archive-date=2021-11-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211113112302/https://en.igihe.com/news/new-kigali-mayor-briefs |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Umugore]] [[Ikiciro:Politiki y'urwanda]] m0qtw5hm5x97mr2i4zc2d7ccz9etu5y 0 10553 134032 132903 2026-07-22T15:15:13Z B.Scalling 15089 134032 wikitext text/x-wiki Kanyangeyo Agnes, uzwi cyane nka Aggie, yavutse ku itariki ya 8 Ukuboza 1976 i Kasubi mu Mujyi wa Kampala, muri Uganda. Ni umwana wa gatandatu mu bana barindwi banyuze mu muryango wa Bwana Kanyangeyo Marcel na Madamu Kanyangeyo Mukagasana Rosette. Agnes yari umunyarwandakazi w’umunyapolitiki n'inararibonye mu nshingano za Leta. , yabaye umuyobozi w’Ishami rishinzwe Ubushakashatsi n’Igenamigambi mu Kigo cy’Imisoro n’Amahoro cy’u Rwanda (RRA)<ref>https://www.topafricanews.com/2018/10/18/perezida-kagame-yakoze-impinduka-muri-guverinoma-atangaza-minisitiri-wububanyi-namahanga/?pr=204889&lang=pt&PageSpeed=noscrien</ref>.Ku ya 26 Gashyantare 2022, nibwo Agnes yitabye Imana azize indwara ya kanseri y’ibere yari amaranye imyaka itatu ayirwanaho kigabo. Yasize icyuho gikomeye mu muryango we ndetse no mu gihugu cyamwizeraga mu nshingano zitandukanye'''.'''.<ref>https://www.mykeeper.com/profile/AgnesKanyangeyo/</ref> == Amashuri == [[Dosiye:Makerere, Kikoni.jpg|thumb|Makerere, aho Agnes yize amashuri ye menshi|282x282px]] Yize amashuri y'incuke ya Namirembe, Ishuri ribanza rya Mengo na Makerere College ya Makere kurwego rwa O-level 'na A-level. Nyuma yize muri kaminuza ya Makerere aho yakuye impamyabumenyi y'ikiciro cya kabiri mu mibare( statistics) na Masters mu by'ubukungu bwiterambere yakuye muri Williams College, Massachusetts muri Amerika.<ref name=":0">https://www.ictd.ac/news/remembrance-agnes-kanyangeyo/</ref><ref name=":0" /> == Akazi == Muri iki gihe Agnes ni Umuyobozi w’ishami rishinzwe igenamigambi n’ubushakashatsi mu Kigo cy’imisoro mu [[Rwanda]];<ref>file:///C:/Users/NDIKUMANA%20Emmanuel/Desktop/HELPRoadshowSmartRwandaDaysListofParticipants.pdf</ref> koroshya igenamigambi ryibigo, kubishyira mubikorwa no gukurikirana amashyirahamwe yihaye intego mugihe harebwa amakuru meza kandi akora ubushakashatsi kubibazo bikenewe kugirango imikorere inoze.<ref>https://wiki.projecttopics.org/2052-agnes-kanyangeyo/index.html</ref> == Imibanire ye == Agnes yubahwaga cyane na bagenzi be; Agnes yari umuyobozi ugaragara muri urwo rwego nk'isesengura rya politiki y’ubukungu kabuhariwe muri politiki y’imisoro no gucunga imisoro. Afite uburambe bwimyaka irenga cumi n'umunani, yakoranye nabaterankunga benshi mubushakashatsi no kwandika impapuro za politiki yimisoro hamwe nincamake kubafata ibyemezo.<ref>https://books.google.rw/books?id=efq-DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA6&lpg=PA6&dq=Agnes+Kanyangeyo&source=bl&ots=HtLAuJh-ci&sig=ACfU3U1draXzg-xKUoers59Lgg5Rv7YY_A&hl=rw&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjtpNOlq933AhWPzYUKHX5AA9g4ChDoAXoECBQQAw</ref> === Ubuhamya === Agnes yasobanuwe nkicyitegererezo. Mugenzuzi wa ICTD Fabrizio Santoro ati "Agnes yamfashije kwigirira icyizere muri njye no mu bandi bose bagize itsinda rye ry'ubushakashatsi - kuko numvaga ashimwa kandi akunzwe ku kazi. Umuyobozi witonda kandi wihangana, watanga ibitekerezo kandi akumva ibitekerezo bya buri wese. Nzahora nzana kumwibuka kandi ngerageze uko nshoboye kugirango nkurikize indangagaciro ye nurugero"<ref>https://www.ictd.ac/news/remembrance-agnes-kanyangeyo/</ref> == Indanganturo == [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore ba abayobozi]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore babanyapolitike]] [[Ikiciro:Ubukungu bw’u Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ubukungu bw’Afurika]] 2coe39hnhgflimolc4lq7u61j3jxbjb 0 10576 134029 124147 2026-07-22T14:55:52Z B.Scalling 15089 134029 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Mukabaranga Agnes.jpg|thumb|Mukabaranga Agnes]] '''Mukabaranga Agnes''' ni [[Rwanda|Umunyarwandakazi]] w'Umunyapolitiki. <ref name="bio">https://web.archive.org/web/20071023063923/http://www.rwandaparliament.gov.rw/SE/uk/compo/agnes.html</ref> ni umwe mu bagize Ishyaka Riharanira Demokarasi ya Gikristo (PDC) akaba n'umwe mu bagize Inteko ishinga amategeko ya Pan-[[Afurika]] ndetse akaba yarahoze mu Nteko Nshinga amategeko no muri Sena y'u [[Rwanda]] <ref>https://www.urwego.com/2012/09/umuseke-abasenateri-batandatu-bagomba.html</ref>. Ni umunyamategeko wabigize umwuga.<ref>https://en-academic.com/dic.nsf/enwiki/4016168</ref> <ref name="HansWuerth">https://web.archive.org/web/20180628015651/http://articles.mcall.com/2004-04-20/opinion/3543940_1_genocide-rwanda-president-paul-kagame</ref> == Umwuga wa politiki == [[Dosiye:Flag of the Rwandan Patriotic Front.svg|thumb]] Mukabaranga yagizwe umunyamuryango wa mbere mu Nteko ishinga amategeko muri Leta y’inzibacyuho nyuma ya [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|jenoside yakorewe abatutsi]] mu [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|Rwanda]] mu mwaka 1994 <ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=O3aNPwAACAAJ</ref> Mu mwaka 2003, itegeko nshinga rihoraho ryemejwe mu gihugu ryashyizeho igihugu cy’amashyaka menshi gifite inteko ishinga amategeko igizwe na sena n’umutwe w’abadepite. <ref>http://www.economist.com/node/1817766</ref> Mukabaranga yagizwe senateri nyuma yo gutorwa kwa Perezida [[Paul Kagame]] agatorerwa kuba perezida wa mbere mu itegeko nshinga rishya. <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://africanelections.tripod.com/rw.html#2003_Presidential_Election |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-14 |archive-date=2012-07-07 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120707005005/http://africanelections.tripod.com/rw.html#2003_Presidential_Election |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yari umwe mu bagore 39 batowe cyangwa bashyizwe mu nteko ishinga amategeko muri uwo mwaka, ugereranije n'abagabo 41. Yarahiriye guharanira ubutabera n'ubwiyunge mu gihugu nyuma ya [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|jenoside]], yashimangiye uruhare rw'umugore muri iki gikorwa, agira ati: "Abagore biteguye kurushaho kumvikana, bakunda amahoro kandi bafasha mu bwiyunge. <ref name="HansWuerth" /><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ar.umuseke.rw/muhanga-ishyaka-pdc-ngo-nta-wundi-mukandida-ryifuza-utari-kagame.hmtl |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-14 |archive-date=2022-05-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220514100321/https://ar.umuseke.rw/muhanga-ishyaka-pdc-ngo-nta-wundi-mukandida-ryifuza-utari-kagame.hmtl |url-status=dead }}</ref> Mu mwaka 2013, mbere yo kuva muri sena, Mukabaranga yatorewe manda y'amezi atandatu nk'umuvugizi w'ihuriro ry’igihugu ngishwanama ku mashyaka ya politiki ( National Consultative Forum), uruhare yagize ku bufatanye na Sylvie Mpongera wo mu ishyaka rya Gisosiyalisiti ry’u [[Rwanda]] (Rwanda Socialist Party, PSR)<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://igihe.com/ubukungu/article/ubuhinzi-bwagaragajwe-nk-inkingi-mwikorezi-mu-kuzahura-ubukungu-bw-u-rwnada |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-14 |archive-date=2022-05-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220514101827/https://igihe.com/ubukungu/article/ubuhinzi-bwagaragajwe-nk-inkingi-mwikorezi-mu-kuzahura-ubukungu-bw-u-rwnada |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/64118</ref>. == Ubuzima bwite == Mukabaranga Agnes yabuze abavandimwe be muri [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|jenoside]] yakorewe abatutsi mu [[Rwanda]], kandi ni umubyeyi w'Abana bane<ref>https://www.ktpress.rw/2017/07/former-presidential-candidate-endorses-kagame/</ref>. == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Abagore babanyapolitike]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore ba abayobozi]] ds1o0yrvkjugllbc9pi3kkl7rglqb5v 134030 134029 2026-07-22T15:00:16Z B.Scalling 15089 kongeramo amakuru 134030 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Mukabaranga Agnes.jpg|thumb|Mukabaranga Agnes]] '''Mukabaranga Agnes''' ni [[Rwanda|Umunyarwandakazi]] w'Umunyapolitiki. <ref name="bio">https://web.archive.org/web/20071023063923/http://www.rwandaparliament.gov.rw/SE/uk/compo/agnes.html</ref> ni umwe mu bagize Ishyaka Riharanira Demokarasi ya Gikristo (PDC) akaba n'umwe mu bagize Inteko ishinga amategeko ya Pan-[[Afurika]] ndetse akaba yarahoze mu Nteko Nshinga amategeko no muri Sena y'u [[Rwanda]] <ref>https://www.urwego.com/2012/09/umuseke-abasenateri-batandatu-bagomba.html</ref>. Ni umunyamategeko wabigize umwuga.<ref>https://en-academic.com/dic.nsf/enwiki/4016168</ref> <ref name="HansWuerth">https://web.archive.org/web/20180628015651/http://articles.mcall.com/2004-04-20/opinion/3543940_1_genocide-rwanda-president-paul-kagame</ref> == Umwuga wa politiki == [[Dosiye:Flag of the Rwandan Patriotic Front.svg|thumb]] Mukabaranga yagizwe umunyamuryango wa mbere mu Nteko ishinga amategeko muri Leta y’inzibacyuho nyuma ya [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|jenoside yakorewe abatutsi]] mu [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|Rwanda]] mu mwaka 1994 <ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=O3aNPwAACAAJ</ref> Mu mwaka 2003, itegeko nshinga rihoraho ryemejwe mu gihugu ryashyizeho igihugu cy’amashyaka menshi gifite inteko ishinga amategeko igizwe na sena n’umutwe w’abadepite. <ref>http://www.economist.com/node/1817766</ref> Mukabaranga yagizwe senateri nyuma yo gutorwa kwa Perezida [[Paul Kagame]] agatorerwa kuba perezida wa mbere mu itegeko nshinga rishya. <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://africanelections.tripod.com/rw.html#2003_Presidential_Election |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-14 |archive-date=2012-07-07 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120707005005/http://africanelections.tripod.com/rw.html#2003_Presidential_Election |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yari umwe mu bagore 39 batowe cyangwa bashyizwe mu nteko ishinga amategeko muri uwo mwaka, ugereranije n'abagabo 41. Yarahiriye guharanira ubutabera n'ubwiyunge mu gihugu nyuma ya [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|jenoside]], yashimangiye uruhare rw'umugore muri iki gikorwa, agira ati: "Abagore biteguye kurushaho kumvikana, bakunda amahoro kandi bafasha mu bwiyunge. <ref name="HansWuerth" /><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ar.umuseke.rw/muhanga-ishyaka-pdc-ngo-nta-wundi-mukandida-ryifuza-utari-kagame.hmtl |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-14 |archive-date=2022-05-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220514100321/https://ar.umuseke.rw/muhanga-ishyaka-pdc-ngo-nta-wundi-mukandida-ryifuza-utari-kagame.hmtl |url-status=dead }}</ref>Mu mwaka 2013, mbere yo kuva muri sena, Mukabaranga yatorewe manda y'amezi atandatu nk'umuvugizi w'ihuriro ry’igihugu ngishwanama ku mashyaka ya politiki ( National Consultative Forum), uruhare yagize ku bufatanye na Sylvie Mpongera wo mu ishyaka rya Gisosiyalisiti ry’u [[Rwanda]] (Rwanda Socialist Party, PSR)<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://igihe.com/ubukungu/article/ubuhinzi-bwagaragajwe-nk-inkingi-mwikorezi-mu-kuzahura-ubukungu-bw-u-rwnada |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-14 |archive-date=2022-05-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220514101827/https://igihe.com/ubukungu/article/ubuhinzi-bwagaragajwe-nk-inkingi-mwikorezi-mu-kuzahura-ubukungu-bw-u-rwnada |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/64118</ref>. ====== Imirimo y'Ingenzi n'Amamateka ye mu Politiki<ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/mukabaranga-agnes-wa-pdc-yashimye-ubwisanzure-bwatanzwe-na-fpr-inkotanyi</ref> ====== * Urubuga rw'Inararibonye: Ari mu bagize uru rubuga, aho bafite inshingano zo kugira inama leta no gusura ibikorwa remezo n'imishinga minini y'iterambere mu turere dutandukanye tw'igihugu. * Ubuyobozi bw'Ishyaka: Ni we wayoboraga Ishyaka rya PDC kuva mu myaka itari mike ishize. * Inteko Ishinga Amategeko: Nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994, yagizwe umwe mu bagize Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y'Inzibacyuho. * Sena y'u [[Rwanda]]: Yabaye Umusenateri mu Nteko Ishinga Amategeko y'u Rwanda nyuma y'iyemezwa ry'Itegeko Nshinga ryo mu 2003. * Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y'Afurika (PAP): Bahagarariye u Rwanda mu Nteko Ishinga Amategeko yo ku mugabane w'Afurika hagati y'umwaka wa 2004 n'wa 2012. * Ihuriro ry'Imitwe ya Politiki (NFPO): Mu mwaka wa 2013, yatorewe kuba Umuvugizi w'Ihuriro ry'Igihugu ry'Imitwe ya Politiki yemewe mu Rwanda. == Ubuzima bwite == Mukabaranga Agnes yabuze abavandimwe be muri [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|jenoside]] yakorewe abatutsi mu [[Rwanda]], kandi ni umubyeyi w'Abana bane<ref>https://www.ktpress.rw/2017/07/former-presidential-candidate-endorses-kagame/</ref>. == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Abagore babanyapolitike]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore ba abayobozi]] d815sy8xya87ymdrm8ul072l4xmjohc 0 12851 133883 118738 2026-07-20T21:10:34Z Clemy Keza 18414 Amakosa y’imyandikire. 133883 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Agasaro Tracy.jpg|thumb|AGASARO Tracy]] Agasaro Tracy ni umunyamakuru ukora kuri KC2 Ishami rya Kabiri rya Televiziyo y’u [[Rwanda]]. Ni umuramyi ukomeye aho asengera muri [[City Light Foursquare Gospel Church|FourSquare Gospel Church]] riherereye Kimironko, akaba ari umugore wa Iradukunda René Patrick usengera muri [[The Love of Jesus Christ Church]].<ref>https://umuryango.rw/imyidagaduro/article/umunyamakuru-wa-rba-tracy-agasaro-yakorewe-ibirori-byo-gusezera-k-ubukumi-video</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://yegob.rw/umunyamakuru-tracy-agasaro-ukorera-kuri-rba-yasezeranye-imbere-yamategeko-numukunzi-we-amafoto/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-20 |archive-date=2022-09-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920203836/https://yegob.rw/umunyamakuru-tracy-agasaro-ukorera-kuri-rba-yasezeranye-imbere-yamategeko-numukunzi-we-amafoto/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://www.thefacts.rw/tracy-agasaro-wa-kc2-yahishuye-impamvu-abantu-babyibushye-batisanzura-kuri-bose |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-08-08 |archive-date=2023-08-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230810230328/https://www.thefacts.rw/tracy-agasaro-wa-kc2-yahishuye-impamvu-abantu-babyibushye-batisanzura-kuri-bose |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ubuzima Bwite == Mu buzima bwe mu rukundo bwamenyekanye cyane cyane ku wa 17 Nyakanga 2020, ubwo René Patrick yasabye Agasaro ko yamubera umugore.<ref name=":0" /> == AMASHAKIRO == [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Umuririmbyi w'indirimbo z'Imana]] [[Ikiciro:Amadini n'amatorero]] df9rl2hnub2xzf207bykbgfz4t6tyqe 0 13176 133996 109693 2026-07-22T10:12:32Z Igiraneza Divine 15375 Impinduka ntoya 133996 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Imusanze.jpg|thumb|Igare]] [[Dosiye:Tour DU rwanda 2024 supporter in front of bk Arena (cropped).jpg|thumb|Ikipe ya Cine Elmay Ishimwe patrick akinira]] Ishimwe Patrick umukinnyi mu mukino wo gusiganwa ku magare wakiniraga ikipe ya [[Cine ElMay|Cine Elmay]] yahitanwe n’impanuka ubwo yari mu myitozo mu [[Akarere ka Kamonyi|Karere ka Kamonyi]], nkuko byavuzwe n' [[Ishyirahamwe nyarwanda rya magare|Ishyirahamwe ry’Umukino w’Amagare]] mu Rwanda, [[FERWACY|Ferwacy]].<ref>https://umuryango.rw/imyidagaduro/imikino/article/umukinnyi-wakiniraga-cine-elmay-mu-gusiganwa-ku-magare-yahitanwe-n-impanuka</ref> == AMASHAKIRO == [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Igare]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba siporo]] [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa magare]] ash16cy5acm22fmfw8damxx9b4sg7ls 0 13503 134040 131524 2026-07-22T15:45:52Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 134040 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Panorama of Schoolgrounds Murambi Genocide Memorial Site.jpg|thumb|455x455px|Urwibutso Rwa Jenoside yakorewe abatutsi rwa Murambi.]] [[Dosiye:RW Murambi (1) (16638079334).jpg|thumb|imbere mu rwibutso rwa jenocide rwa murambi]] '''Urwibutso rwa Murambi''' ni rumwe mu nzibutso z’ingenzi zibumbatiye amateka ya [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]] mu 1994 mu [[Rwanda]]. Ruherereye mu majyepfo y’u [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda,]] hafi y’umujyi wa Nyamagabe umurenge wa Cyanika, akagari ka Murambi, mu mudugudu wa Gasiza<ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/article/mbabazi-ari-gukora-urugendo-rwo-kwibuka-jenoside-rw-ibilometero-280-n-amaguru</ref>. Ahubatse uru rwibutso hahoze hari ishuri rya tekiniki rya Murambi, aho Abatutsi benshi bari barahahungiye bizeye ubuhungiro n’umutekano mu gihe cya [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|jenoside.]], bakahicirwa mu buryo bw’agashinyaguro, bikaba ari kimwe mu byabayeho by’agahinda gakomeye mu mateka y’u [[Rwanda Rwacu|Rwanda.]] Mu rwibutso rwa Murambi haruhukiye imibiri y’Abatutsi bishwe bazira uko bavutse muri Jenoside mu 1994, barenga ibihumbi 50, aho guhera tariki 21 Mata 1994 biciwe mu ishuri ryisumbuye ryari ricyubakwa.<ref>[https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/mu-rwanda/article/umushinjacyaha-w-u-bufaransa-yababajwe-n-amateka-ya-jenoside-i-murambi#:~:text=Jean%2DFran%C3%A7ois%20Ricard%20mu%20Rwibutso%20rwa,mu%20ishuri%20ryisumbuye%20ryari%20ricyubakwa. https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/mu-rwanda/article/umushinjacyaha-w-u-bufaransa-yababajwe-n-amateka-ya-jenoside-i-murambi#:~:text=Jean%2DFran%C3%A7ois%20Ricard%20mu%20Rwibutso%20rwa,mu%20ishuri%20ryisumbuye%20ryari%20ricyubakwa.]</ref> Muri iki gihe, Urwibutso rwa Murambi ni ahantu ho kwibuka no gusigasira amateka, hagamijwe guha icyubahiro abazize jenoside Yakorewe Abatutsi no kwigisha abakiriho akamaro ko kurwanya ingengabitekerezo yayo, bityo hubakwa ejo hazaza harangwa n’amahoro n’ubumwe.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nyamagabe.gov.rw/default-title-9/kwibuka28-mu-rwibutso-rwa-jenoside-rwa-murambi-hibutswe-abarenga-50000-bahashyinguye |title=Archive copy |access-date=2026-04-17 |archive-date=2025-08-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250821035411/https://www.nyamagabe.gov.rw/default-title-9/kwibuka28-mu-rwibutso-rwa-jenoside-rwa-murambi-hibutswe-abarenga-50000-bahashyinguye |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://ibuka.rw/memorial-sites/murambi</ref> == Uko Rwabayeho == Uru rwibutso ni rumwe mu nzibuto esheshatu zizwi cyane mu Rwanda bibukiraho [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu w' 1994 mu Rwanda]] . Ahandi ni [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kigali|Urwibutso rwa Kigali]] ku Gisozi, [[Urwibutso rwa jenoside rwa Ntarama|Urwibutso rwa Ntarama]],[[Urwibutso rwa jenocide rwa Nyamata|Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyamata]], Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Bisesero n'urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyarubuye . <ref name="unesco">[https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5753/ Sites mémoriaux du génocide : Nyamata, Murambi, Bisesero et Gisozi], UNESCO, Retrieved 2 March 2015</ref> [[Dosiye:Mummified_victims_of_the_Rwandan_genocide_(1994)_at_Murambi_Technical_School.gif|thumb| imibiri y'abazize jenoside yakorewe abatutsi. (ifoto yafashwe mu 2001)]]Aha niho habereye [[wiktionary:massacre|ubwicanyi]] mu gihe cya jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yo mu 1994. Igihe ubwicanyi bwatangiraga, [[Abatutsi|abatutsi bo]] muri ako karere bagerageje kwihisha mu rusengero rwaho. Icyakora, umwepiskopi (umushumba wa kiliziya muri diyosezi) n'umuyobozi w'akarere babashukishije umutego babohereza mu ishuri rya tekiniki, bavuga ko ingabo [[Ubufaransa|z'Abafaransa]] zizabarindira. <ref name="archive">[https://web.archive.org/web/20220717074239/https://genocidearchiverwanda.org.rw/index.php/Murambi_Memorial Murambi Memorial], GencideArchiveRwanda.org, Retrieved 3 March 2016</ref> Ku ya 16 Mata 1994, abarenga abatutsi 65,000 bagiye mu ishuri. Abatutsi bamaze kuhagera, nta mazi cyangwa ibiryo byatanzwe. Ibi byakozwe kugirango abaturage bafite intege nke zo kwirwanaho. Nyuma yo kwirwanaho iminsi mike bakoresheje amabuye, abatutsi barengewe ku ya 21 Mata. Abasirikare b'Abafaransa baburiwe irengero maze ishuri ryibasirwa n’intagondwa z’Abahutu [[Interahamwe]] . Abatutsi bagera ku 20.000 biciwe kuri iryo shuri, kandi abashoboye gutoroka hafi ya bose bishwe bukeye ubwo bagerageza kwihisha mu rusengero rwegereye. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Numbers (HRW Report - Leave None to Tell the Story: Genocide in Rwanda, March 1999) |url=https://www.hrw.org/reports/1999/rwanda/Geno1-3-04.htm |access-date=2022-03-31 |website=www.hrw.org}}</ref> Umubare w'abantu bapfuye bagera ku 50,000 watanzwe na guverinoma utabariyemo n'umubare w'imibiri yataburuwe, ndetse n'abatarashyinguwe mu cyubahiro. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Through A Glass Darkly |url=http://maps.cga.harvard.edu/rwanda/murambi.html |access-date=2022-04-04 |website=maps.cga.harvard.edu |archive-date=2022-05-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220530114035/http://maps.cga.harvard.edu/rwanda/murambi.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Nk’uko umuyobozi w’urwibutso abitangaza, Abafaransa bazanye ibikoresho biremereye byo gucukura ibyobo byinshi aho hashyizwe imibiri ibihumbi. Bahise bashyira ikibuga cya volley ball hejuru yimva rusange kugirango bagerageze guhisha ibyabaye  . Mu mibiri yerekanwe ubu harimo iy'abana n'impinja. Abantu 34 gusa ni bo bitekerezwa ko barokotse ubwo bwicanyi bwabereye i Murambi. <ref name="archive"/>[[Dosiye:Genocide_Victims_Rwanda_Photo_by_Sascha_Grabow.jpg|thumb| imibiri y'abazize jenoside yakorewe abatutsi mri 1994. (ifoto yafashwe mu 2001)]]Urwibutso rwashinzwe ku ya 21 Mata 1995. rukaba rurimo imva 50,000. <ref name="archive"/> Inyubako y'ishuri ubu ni inzu ndangamurage ya jenoside yerekana amagufwa hamwe n'imibiri ya bamwe mu bihumbi by'abantu biciwe mu Ntara ya Gikongoro mu 1994. Mu bushakashatsi yakoze ku nzibutso za jenoside yakorewe [[Abanyarwanda]], Timothy Longman avuga ko nubwo imirambo yerekanwa i Murambi itangwa nk'iy'abantu biciwe aho, mu byukuri ko ari imirambo yazanywe i Murambi iturutse mu turere tuyikikije. Abiciwe i Murambi bashyinguwe mu mva rusange aho bari mu 1996. <ref>Longman, Timothy. ''Memory and Justice in Post-Genocide Rwanda''. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2017, pp. 6-7.</ref>. videwo ivuga ku mateka y'urwibutso rwa murambi<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zgCSIAr3hJo</ref>.Ku wa 06 Mata 2024, ni bwo Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Burezi, Ubumenyi n’Umuco, UNESCO ryashyikirije Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Murambi, ikimenyetso kirushyira bidasubirwaho mu Murage w’Isi nkahantu habumbatiye amateka.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nyamagabe.gov.rw/default-title-9/nyamagabe-umuyobozi-wa-unesco-yashyize-ikimenyetso-ku-rwibutso-rwa-jenoside-rwa-murambi-kigaragaza-ko-rwinjijwe-mu-murage-wisi |title=Archive copy |access-date=2026-05-15 |archive-date=2025-11-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251116154416/https://www.nyamagabe.gov.rw/default-title-9/nyamagabe-umuyobozi-wa-unesco-yashyize-ikimenyetso-ku-rwibutso-rwa-jenoside-rwa-murambi-kigaragaza-ko-rwinjijwe-mu-murage-wisi |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Reba urwibutso == Tembera urwibutso rwa jenoside yakorewe abatutsi muri Murambi hamwe n'urugendo rwo kuri murandasi (virtualtour) <ref>http://gmvirtualtour.minubumwe.gov.rw/murambi/</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994]] {{Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda mu 1994}} rl2xxy08ngad0oda9psz4boewlw1py6 3 13527 133903 133775 2026-07-21T05:47:14Z MediaWiki message delivery 4287 /* Tech News: 2026-30 */ new section 133903 wikitext text/x-wiki == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-05</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W05"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/05|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * Last week, for ~15 minutes, some users were unable to log in or edit pages. This was caused by a problem with session storage. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incidents/2023-01-24_sessionstore_quorum_issues] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.21|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-01-31|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-01|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-02|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Wikis that use localized numbering schemes for references need to add new CSS. This will help to show citation numbers the same way in all reading and editing modes. If your wiki would prefer to do it yourselves, please see the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Cite CSS|details and example CSS to copy from]], and also add your wiki to the list. Otherwise, the developers will directly help out starting the week of February 5. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/05|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W05"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:05, 31 Mutarama 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24455949 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-06</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W06"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/06|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * In the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|Vector 2022 skin]], logged-out users using the full-width toggle will be able to see the setting of their choice even after refreshing pages or opening new ones. This only applies to wikis where Vector 2022 is the default. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T321498] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.22|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-07|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-08|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-09|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Previously, we announced when some wikis would be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. These switches will not be announced any more, as the read-only time has become non-significant. Switches will continue to happen at 7AM UTC on Tuesdays and Thursdays. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T292543#8568433] * Across all the wikis, in the Vector 2022 skin, logged-in users will see the page-related links such as "What links here" in a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop_Improvements/Features/Page_tools|new side menu]]. It will be displayed on the other side of the screen. This change had previously been made on Czech, English, and Vietnamese Wikipedias. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328692] *[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2023|Community Wishlist Survey 2023]] will stop receiving new proposals on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1675706431 Monday, 6 February 2023, at 18:00 UTC]. Proposers should complete any edits by then, to give time for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community_Wishlist_Survey/Help_us|translations]] and review. Voting will begin on Friday, 10 February. '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Gadgets and user scripts will be changing to load on desktop and mobile sites. Previously they would only load on the desktop site. It is recommended that wiki administrators audit the [[MediaWiki:Gadgets-definition|gadget definitions]] prior to this change, and add <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>skins=…</code></bdi> for any gadgets which should not load on mobile. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328610 More details are available]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/06|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W06"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 10:21, 6 Gashyantare 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24491749 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-07</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W07"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/07|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * On wikis where patrolled edits are enabled, changes made to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Communities/How to configure the mentors' list|mentor list]] by autopatrolled mentors are not correctly marked as patrolled. It will be fixed later this week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328444] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.23|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-14|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-15|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-16|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). * The Reply tool and other parts of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#Mobile|DiscussionTools]] will be deployed for all editors using the mobile site. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk_pages_project/Mobile#Status_Updates|read more about this decision]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T298060] '''Future changes''' * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on March 1. This is planned for [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1677679222 14:00 UTC]. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328287][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T327920][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/07|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W07"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:49, 14 Gashyantare 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24540832 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-08</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W08"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/08|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * Last week, during planned maintenance of Cloud Services, unforeseen complications forced the team to turn off all tools for 2–3 hours to prevent data corruption. Work is ongoing to prevent similar problems in the future. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T329535] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.23|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-21|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-22|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-23|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). *The voting phase for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2023|Community Wishlist Survey 2023]] ends on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1677261621 24 February at 18:00 UTC]. The results of the survey will be announced on 28 February. '''Future changes''' * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on March 1. This is planned for [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1677679222 14:00 UTC]. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328287][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T327920][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/08|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W08"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:58, 21 Gashyantare 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24570514 --> == Kora Amakuru : 2023-09 == <section begin="technews-2023-W09"/><div class="plainlinks"> Ibishya '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News | amakuru yikoranabuhanga]]''' bivuye mumuryango wa tekinike Wikimedia. Nyamuneka bwira abandi bakoresha ibijyanye n'izo mpinduka. Impinduka zose ntizizakugiraho ingaruka. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/09 | Ubusobanuro]] birahari. '''Ibibazo''' * Icyumweru gishize, mu bice bimwe na bimwe byisi, habaye ibibazo byo gupakira impapuro muminota 20 no kuzigama ibyahinduwe muminota 55. Ibi bibazo byatewe nikibazo na seriveri yacu yo kubika bitewe nibintu bitunguranye mugihe cyibikorwa bisanzwe byo kubungabunga. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incidents/2023-02-22_wiki_outage][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incidents/2023-02-22_read_only] '''Impinduka nyuma yiki cyumweru''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Ikintu gisubirwamo]] [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.25 | verisiyo nshya]] ya MediaWiki izaba iri kuri wikisi yikizamini na MediaWiki.org kuva {{#time:j xg|2023-02-28|rw}}. Bizaba kuri wikisi itari Wikipedia na Wikipedi zimwe kuva {{#time:j xg|2023-03-01|rw}}. Bizaba kuri wikisi zose kuva {{#time:j xg|2023-03-02|rw}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap | kalendari]]). * Wiki zose zizasomwa gusa muminota mike ku ya 1 Werurwe. Ibi birateganijwe kuri [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1677679222 14:00 UTC]. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server_switch] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/09|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W09"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:47, 27 Gashyantare 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24634242 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-10</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W10"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/10|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The Community Wishlist Survey 2023 edition has been concluded. Community Tech has [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Results|published the results]] of the survey and will provide an update on what is next in April 2023. * On wikis which use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Writing_systems|LanguageConverter]] to handle multiple writing systems, articles which used custom conversion rules in the wikitext (primarily on Chinese Wikipedia) would have these rules applied inconsistently in the table of contents, especially in the Vector 2022 skin. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T306862] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.26|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-07|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-08|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-09|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). * A search system has been added to the [[Special:Preferences|Preferences screen]]. This will let you find different options more easily. Making it work on mobile devices will happen soon. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T313804] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/10|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W10"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:50, 6 werurwe 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24676916 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-11</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W11"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/11|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.27|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-14|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-15|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-16|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]" ({{int:project-localized-name-cbk_zamwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cdowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cebwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-chwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-chrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-chywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ckbwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-csbwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cuwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cvwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-itwiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T304542][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T304550] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/11|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W11"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:20, 13 werurwe 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24700189 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-12</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W12"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/12|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * Last week, some users experienced issues loading image thumbnails. This was due to incorrectly cached images. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T331820] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.1|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-21|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-22|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-23|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] A link to the user's [[{{#special:CentralAuth}}]] page will appear on [[{{#special:Contributions}}]] — some user scripts which previously added this link may cause conflicts. This feature request was [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Admins and patrollers/Add link to CentralAuth on Special:Contributions|voted #17 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] The [[{{#special:AbuseFilter}}]] edit window will be resizable and larger by default. This feature request was [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Anti-harassment/Make the AbuseFilter edit window resizable and larger by default|voted #80 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. * There will be a new option for Administrators when they are unblocking a user, to add the unblocked user’s user page to their watchlist. This will work both via [[{{#special:Unblock}}]] and via the API. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T257662] '''Meetings''' * You can join the next meeting with the Wikipedia mobile apps teams. During the meeting, we will discuss the current features and future roadmap. The meeting will be on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1679677204 24 March at 17:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Office Hours|details and how to join]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/12|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W12"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:26, 21 werurwe 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24732558 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-13</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W13"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/13|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]] condition limit was increased from 1000 to 2000. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T309609] * [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Global AbuseFilter#Locally disabled actions|Some Global AbuseFilter]] actions will no longer apply to local projects. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T332521] * Desktop users are now able to subscribe to talk pages by clicking on the {{int:discussiontools-newtopicssubscription-button-subscribe-label}} link in the {{int:toolbox}} menu. If you subscribe to a talk page, you receive [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Notifications|notifications]] when new topics are started on that talk page. This is separate from putting the page on your watchlist or subscribing to a single discussion. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T263821] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.2|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-28|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-29|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-30|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * You will be able to choose [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Diffs|visual diffs]] on all [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Page history|history pages]] at the Wiktionaries and Wikipedias. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T314588] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The legacy [[mw:Mobile Content Service|Mobile Content Service]] is going away in July 2023. Developers are encouraged to switch to Parsoid or another API before then to ensure service continuity. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/4MVQQTONJT7FJAXNVOFV3WWVVMCHRINE/] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/13|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W13"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:14, 28 werurwe 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24780854 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-14</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W14"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/14|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The system for automatically creating categories for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Babel|Babel]] extension has had several important changes and fixes. One of them allows you to insert templates for automatic category descriptions on creation, allowing you to categorize the new categories. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T211665][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T64714][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T170654][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T184941][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T33074] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.3|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-04|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-05|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-06|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Some older [[w:en:Web browser|Web browsers]] will stop being able to use [[w:en:JavaScript|JavaScript]] on Wikimedia wikis from this week. This mainly affects users of Internet Explorer 11. If you have an old web browser on your computer you can try to upgrade to a newer version. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T178356] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The deprecated <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>jquery.hoverIntent</code></bdi> module has been removed. This module could be used by gadgets and user scripts, to create an artificial delay in how JavaScript responds to a hover event. Gadgets and user scripts should now use jQuery <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>hover()</code></bdi> or <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>on()</code></bdi> instead. Examples can be found in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/ResourceLoader/Migration_guide_(users)#jquery.hoverIntent|migration guide]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T311194] * Some of the links in [[{{#special:SpecialPages}}]] will be re-arranged. There will be a clearer separation between links that relate to all users, and links related to your own user account. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T333242] * You will be able to hide the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Replying|Reply button]] in archived discussion pages with a new <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>__ARCHIVEDTALK__</nowiki></code></bdi> magic word. There will also be a new <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>.mw-archivedtalk</code></bdi> CSS class for hiding the Reply button in individual sections on a page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T249293][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T295553][https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/c/mediawiki/extensions/DiscussionTools/+/738221] '''Future changes''' * The Vega software that creates data visualizations in pages, such as graphs, will be upgraded to the newest version in the future. Graphs that still use the very old version 1.5 syntax may stop working properly. Most existing uses have been found and updated, but you can help to check, and to update any local documentation. [[phab:T260542|Examples of how to find and fix these graphs are available]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/14|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W14"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:40, 3 Mata 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24820268 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-15</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W15"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/15|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] In the visual editor, it is now possible to edit captions of images in galleries without opening the gallery dialog. This feature request was [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Editing/Editable gallery captions in Visual Editor|voted #61 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T190224] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] You can now receive notifications when another user edits your user page. See the "{{int:Echo-category-title-edit-user-page}}" option in [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-echo|your Preferences]]. This feature request was [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Anti-harassment/Notifications for user page edits|voted #3 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T3876] '''Problems''' * There was a problem with all types of CentralNotice banners still being shown to logged-in users even if they had [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-centralnotice-banners|turned off]] specific banner types. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T331671] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.4|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-11|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-12|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-13|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]" ({{int:project-localized-name-arywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-dawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-dinwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-dsbwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-eewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-elwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-emlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-eowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-etwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-euwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-extwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tumwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ffwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fiwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fiu_vrowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fjwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-frpwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-frrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-furwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gcrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gdwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-glwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-glkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gomwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gotwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-guwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gvwiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T304551][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308133] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/15|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W15"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:05, 10 Mata 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24851886 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-16</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W16"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/16|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * You can now see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer#Show_nearby_articles|nearby articles on a Kartographer map]] with the button for the new feature "{{int:Kartographer-sidebar-nearbybutton}}". Six wikis have been testing this feature since October. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Geoinformation/Nearby_articles#Implementation][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334079] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Special:GlobalWatchlist]] page now has links for "{{int:globalwatchlist-markpageseen}}" for each entry. This feature request was [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Notifications, Watchlists and Talk Pages/Button to mark a single change as read in the global watch list|voted #161 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334246] '''Problems''' * At Wikimedia Commons, some thumbnails have not been getting replaced correctly after a new version of the image is uploaded. This should be fixed later this week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T331138][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T333042] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] For the last few weeks, some external tools had inconsistent problems with logging-in with OAuth. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T332650] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.5|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-18|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-19|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-20|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/16|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W16"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:54, 18 Mata 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24881071 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-17</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W17"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/17|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] The date-selection menu on pages such as [[{{#special:Contributions}}]] will now show year-ranges that are in the current and past decade, instead of the current and future decade. This feature request was [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Miscellaneous/Change year range shown in date selection popup|voted #145 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334316] '''Problems''' * Due to security issues with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph|Graph extension]], graphs have been disabled in all Wikimedia projects. Wikimedia Foundation teams are working to respond to these vulnerabilities. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334940] * For a few days, it was not possible to save some kinds of edits on the mobile version of a wiki. This has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334797][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334799][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334794] '''Changes later this week''' * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on April 26. This is planned for [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1682517653 14:00 UTC]. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server_switch] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.6|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-25|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-26|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-27|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * The Editing team plans an A/B test for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability|a usability analysis of the Talk page project]]. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability/Analysis|planned measurements are available]]. Your wiki [[phab:T332946|may be invited to participate]]. Please suggest improvements to the measurement plan at [[mw:Talk:Talk pages project/Usability|the discussion page]]. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2023-2024|The Wikimedia Foundation annual plan 2023-2024 draft is open for comment and input]] until May 19. The final plan will be published in July 2023 on Meta-wiki. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/17|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W17"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:03, 24 Mata 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24933592 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-18</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W18"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/18|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] The content attribution tools [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Who Wrote That?|Who Wrote That?]], [[xtools:authorship|XTools Authorship]], and [[xtools:blame|XTools Blame]] now support the French and Italian Wikipedias. More languages will be added in the near future. This is part of the [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Reading/Extend "Who Wrote That?" tool to more wikis|#7 wish in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T243711][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T270490][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334891] * The [[:commons:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Video2commons|Video2commons]] tool has been updated. This fixed several bugs related to YouTube uploads. [https://github.com/toolforge/video2commons/pull/162/commits] * The [[{{#special:Preferences}}]] page has been redesigned on mobile web. The new design makes it easier to browse the different categories and settings at low screen widths. You can also now access the page via a link in the Settings menu in the mobile web sidebar. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Moderator_Tools/Content_moderation_on_mobile_web/Preferences] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.7|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-02|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-03|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-04|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/18|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W18"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:45, 2 Gicurasi 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24966974 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-19</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W19"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/19|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] Last week, Community Tech released the first update for providing [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Better diff handling of paragraph splits|better diffs]], the #1 request in the 2022 Community Wishlist Survey. [[phab:T324759|This update]] adds legends and tooltips to inline diffs so that users unfamiliar with the blue and yellow highlights can better understand the type of edits made. * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] When you close an image that is displayed via MediaViewer, it will now return to the wiki page instead of going back in your browser history. This feature request was [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Reading/Return to the article when closing the MediaViewer|voted #65 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T236591] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:SyntaxHighlight|SyntaxHighlight]] extension now supports <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr"><code>wikitext</code></bdi> as a selected language. Old alternatives that were used to highlight wikitext, such as <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr"><code>html5</code></bdi>, <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr"><code>moin</code></bdi>, and <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr"><code>html+handlebars</code></bdi>, can now be replaced. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T29828] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Creating pages with preloaded text|Preloading text to new pages/sections]] now supports preloading from localized MediaWiki interface messages. [https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Martin_Urbanec_(WMF)?action=edit&section=new&preload=MediaWiki:July Here is an example] at the {{int:project-localized-name-cswiki/en}} that uses <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>preload=MediaWiki:July</nowiki></code></bdi>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T330337] '''Problems''' * Graph Extension update: Foundation developers have completed upgrading the visualization software to Vega5. Existing community graphs based on Vega2 are no longer compatible. Communities need to update local graphs and templates, and shared lua modules like <bdi lang="de" dir="ltr">[[:de:Modul:Graph]]</bdi>. The [https://vega.github.io/vega/docs/porting-guide/ Vega Porting guide] provides the most comprehensive detail on migration from Vega2 and [https://www.mediawiki.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Graph:PageViews&action=history here is an example migration]. Vega5 has currently just been enabled on mediawiki.org to provide a test environment for communities. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334940#8813922] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.8|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-09|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-10|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-11|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Until now, all new OAuth apps went through manual review. Starting this week, apps using identification-only or basic authorizations will not require review. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T67750] '''Future changes''' * During the next year, MediaWiki will stop using IP addresses to identify logged-out users, and will start automatically assigning unique temporary usernames. Read more at [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation/Updates|IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation/Updates]]. You can [[m:Talk:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation#What should it look like?|join the discussion]] about the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation/Updates#What will temporary usernames look like?|format of the temporary usernames]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T332805] * There will be an [[:w:en:A/B testing|A/B test]] on 10 Wikipedias where the Vector 2022 skin is the default skin. Half of logged-in desktop users will see an interface where the different parts of the page are more clearly separated. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Updates/2023-05 Zebra9 A/B test|read more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T333180][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T335972] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] <code>jquery.tipsy</code> will be removed from the MediaWiki core. This will affect some user scripts. Many lines with <code>.tipsy(</code> can be commented out. <code>OO.ui.PopupWidget</code> can be used to keep things working like they are now. You can [[phab:T336019|read more]] and [[:mw:Help:Locating broken scripts|read about how to find broken scripts]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336019] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/19|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W19"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:36, 9 Gicurasi 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24998636 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-20</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W20"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/20|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * Citations that are automatically generated based on [[d:Q33057|ISBN]] are currently broken. This affects citations made with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User_guide/Citations-Full#Automatic|VisualEditor Automatic tab]], and the use of the citoid API in gadgets and user scripts. Work is ongoing to restore this feature. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336298] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.9|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-16|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-17|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-18|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]" ({{int:project-localized-name-gorwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hakwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hawwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hifwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hsbwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-htwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-iawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-iewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-igwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ilowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-inhwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-iowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-iswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-iuwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-jamwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-jvwiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308134] '''Future changes''' * There is a recently formed team at the Wikimedia Foundation which will be focusing on experimenting with new tools. Currently they are building [[m:Wikimedia_Foundation_Annual_Plan/2023-2024/Draft/Future_Audiences#FA2.2_Conversational_AI|a prototype ChatGPT plugin that allows information generated by ChatGPT to be properly attributed]] to the Wikimedia projects. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Gadget and userscript developers should replace <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>jquery.cookie</code></bdi> with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>mediawiki.cookie</code></bdi>. The <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>jquery.cookie</code></bdi> library will be removed in ~1 month, and staff developers will run a script to replace any remaining uses at that time. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336018] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/20|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W20"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:45, 15 Gicurasi 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25011501 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-21</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W21"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/21|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] The "recent edits" time period for page watchers is now 30 days. It used to be 180 days. This was a [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Notifications, Watchlists and Talk Pages/Change information about the number of watchers on a page|Community Wishlist Survey proposal]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336250] '''Changes later this week''' * An [[mw:special:MyLanguage/Growth/Positive reinforcement#Impact|improved impact module]] will be available at Wikipedias. The impact module is a feature available to newcomers [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature summary#Newcomer homepage|at their personal homepage]]. It will show their number of edits, how many readers their edited pages have, how many thanks they have received and similar things. It is also accessible by accessing Special:Impact. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336203] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.10|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-23|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-24|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-25|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/21|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W21"/> </div> 16:55, 22 Gicurasi 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25028325 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-22</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W22"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/22|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Citations can once again be added automatically from ISBNs, thanks to Zotero's ISBN searches. The current data sources are the Library of Congress (United States), the Bibliothèque nationale de France (French National Library), and K10plus ISBN (German repository). Additional data source searches can be [[mw:Citoid/Creating Zotero translators|proposed to Zotero]]. The ISBN labels in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User_guide/Citations-Full#Automatic|VisualEditor Automatic tab]] will reappear later this week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336298#8859917] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] The page [[{{#special:EditWatchlist}}]] now has "{{int:watchlistedit-normal-check-all}}" options to select all the pages within a namespace. This feature request was [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Notifications, Watchlists and Talk Pages/Watchlist edit - "check all" checkbox|voted #161 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334252] '''Problems''' * For a few days earlier this month, the "Add interlanguage link" item in the Tools menu did not work properly. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T337081] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.11|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-30|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-31|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-01|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * VisualEditor will be switched to a new backend on [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/source/mediawiki-config/browse/master/dblists/small.dblist small] and [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/source/mediawiki-config/browse/master/dblists/medium.dblist medium] wikis this week. Large wikis will follow in the coming weeks. This is part of the effort to move Parsoid into MediaWiki core. The change should have no noticeable effect on users, but if you experience any slow loading or other strangeness when using VisualEditor, please report it on the phabricator ticket linked here. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T320529] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/22|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W22"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:04, 29 Gicurasi 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25079963 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-23</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W23"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/23|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:RealMe|RealMe]] extension allows you to mark URLs on your user page as verified for Mastodon and similar software. * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] Citation and footnote editing can now be started from the reference list when using the visual editor. This feature request was [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Citations/Allow citations to be edited in the references section with VisualEditor|voted #2 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T54750] * Previously, clicking on someone else's link to Recent Changes with filters applied within the URL could unintentionally change your preference for "{{int:Rcfilters-group-results-by-page}}". This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T202916#8874081] '''Problems''' * For a few days last week, some tools and bots returned outdated information due to database replication problems, and may have been down entirely while it was being fixed. These issues have now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T337446] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.12|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-06|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-07|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-08|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Bots will no longer be prevented from making edits because of URLs that match the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:SpamBlacklist|spam blacklist]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T313107] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/23|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W23"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:52, 5 Kamena 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25114640 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-24</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W24"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/24|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] The content attribution tools [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Who Wrote That?|Who Wrote That?]], [[xtools:authorship|XTools Authorship]], and [[xtools:blame|XTools Blame]] now support the Dutch, German, Hungarian, Indonesian, Japanese, Polish and Portuguese Wikipedias. This was the [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Reading/Extend "Who Wrote That?" tool to more wikis|#7 wish in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334891] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured Data Across Wikimedia/Search Improvements#Search Preview panel|Search Preview panel]] has been deployed on four Wikipedias (Catalan, Dutch, Hungarian and Norwegian). The panel will show an image related to the article (if existing), the top sections of the article, related images (coming from MediaSearch on Commons), and eventually the sister projects associated with the article. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T306341] * The [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:RealMe#Verifying_a_link_on_non-user_pages|RealMe]] extension now allows administrators to verify URLs for any page, for Mastodon and similar software. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T324937] * The default project license [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikimediaannounce-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/7G6XPWZPQFLZ2JANN3ZX6RT4DVUI3HZQ/ has been officially upgraded] to CC BY-SA 4.0. The software interface messages have been updated. Communities should feel free to start updating any mentions of the old CC BY-SA 3.0 licensing within policies and related documentation pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T319064] '''Problems''' * For three days last month, some Wikipedia pages edited with VisualEditor or DiscussionTools had an unintended <code><nowiki>__TOC__</nowiki></code> (or its localized form) added during an edit. There is [[mw:Parsoid/Deployments/T336101_followup|a listing of affected pages sorted by wiki]], that may still need to be fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336101] * Currently, the "{{int:Visualeditor-dialog-meta-categories-defaultsort-label}}" feature in VisualEditor is broken. Existing <code><nowiki>{{DEFAULTSORT:...}}</nowiki></code> keywords incorrectly appear as missing templates in VisualEditor. Developers are exploring how to fix this. In the meantime, those wishing to edit the default sortkey of a page are advised to switch to source editing. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T337398] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Last week, an update to the delete form may have broken some gadgets or user scripts. If you need to manipulate (empty) the reason field, replace <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>#wpReason</code></bdi> with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr" style="white-space: nowrap;"><code>#wpReason > input</code></bdi>. See [https://cs.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki%3AGadget-CleanDeleteReasons.js&diff=22859956&oldid=12794189 an example fix]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T337809] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.13|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-13|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-14|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-15|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * VisualEditor will be switched to a new backend on English Wikipedia on Monday, and all other [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/source/mediawiki-config/browse/master/dblists/large.dblist large] wikis on Thursday. The change should have no noticeable effect on users, but if you experience any slow loading or other strangeness when using VisualEditor, please report it on the phabricator ticket linked here. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T320529] '''Future changes''' * From 5 June to 17 July, the Foundation's [[:mw:Wikimedia Security Team|Security team]] is holding a consultation with contributors regarding a draft policy to govern the use of third-party resources in volunteer-developed gadgets and scripts. Feedback and suggestions are warmly welcome at [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Third-party resources policy|Third-party resources policy]] on meta-wiki. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/24|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W24"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 14:52, 12 Kamena 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25133779 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-25</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W25"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/25|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Flame graphs are now available in WikimediaDebug. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/JXNQD3EHG5V5QW5UXFDPSHQG4MJ3FWJQ/][https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2023/06/08/flame-graphs-arrive-in-wikimediadebug/] '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. * There is now a toolbar search popup in the visual editor. You can trigger it by typing <code>\</code> or pressing <code>ctrl + shift + p</code>. It can help you quickly access most tools in the editor. [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Visual_editor_toolbar_search_feature.png][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T66905] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/25|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W25"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:09, 19 Kamena 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25159510 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-26</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W26"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/26|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The Action API modules and Special:LinkSearch will now add a trailing <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>/</code></bdi> to all <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>prop=extlinks</code></bdi> responses for bare domains. This is part of the work to remove duplication in the <code>externallinks</code> database table. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T337994] '''Problems''' * Last week, search was broken on Commons and Wikidata for 23 hours. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T339810][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incidents/2023-06-18_search_broken_on_wikidata_and_commons] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.15|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-27|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-28|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-29|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The Minerva skin now applies more predefined styles to the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>.mbox-text</code></bdi> CSS class. This enables support for mbox templates that use divs instead of tables. Please make sure that the new styles won't affect other templates in your wiki. [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/c/mediawiki/skins/MinervaNeue/+/930901/][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T339040] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Gadgets will now load on both desktop and mobile by default. Previously, gadgets loaded only on desktop by default. Changing this default using the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>|targets=</code></bdi> parameter is also deprecated and should not be used. You should make gadgets work on mobile or disable them based on the skin (with the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>|skins=</code></bdi> parameter in <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">MediaWiki:Gadgets-definition</bdi>) rather than whether the user uses the mobile or the desktop website. Popular gadgets that create errors on mobile will be disabled by developers on the Minerva skin as a temporary solution. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T127268] * All namespace tabs now have the same browser [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Keyboard_shortcuts|access key]] by default. Previously, custom and extension-defined namespaces would have to have their access keys set manually on-wiki, but that is no longer necessary. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T22126] * The review form of the Flagged Revisions extension now uses the standardized [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|user interface components]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T191156] '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] How media is structured in the parser's HTML output will change in the coming weeks at [[:wikitech:Deployments/Train#Thursday|group2 wikis]]. This change improves the accessibility of content. You may need to update your site-CSS, or userscripts and gadgets. There are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser_Unification/Media_structure/FAQ|details on what code to check, how to update the code, and where to report any related problems]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T314318] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/26|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W26"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16:19, 26 Kamena 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25202311 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-27</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W27"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/27|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] As part of the rolling out of the [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Multimedia and Commons/Audio links that play on click|audio links that play on click]] wishlist proposal, [https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/small.dblist small wikis] will now be able to use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Phonos#Inline audio player mode|inline audio player]] that is implemented by the [[mw:Extension:Phonos|Phonos]] extension. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336763] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] From this week all gadgets automatically load on mobile and desktop sites. If you see any problems with gadgets on your wikis, please adjust the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets#Options|gadget options]] in your gadget definitions file. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328610] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.16|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-04|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-05|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-06|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/27|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W27"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:51, 3 Nyakanga 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25231546 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-28</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W28"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/28|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured Data Across Wikimedia/Section-level Image Suggestions|Section-level Image Suggestions feature]] has been deployed on seven Wikipedias (Portuguese, Russian, Indonesian, Catalan, Hungarian, Finnish and Norwegian Bokmål). The feature recommends images for articles on contributors' watchlists that are a good match for individual sections of those articles. * [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Global AbuseFilter|Global abuse filters]] have been enabled on all Wikimedia projects, except English and Japanese Wikipedias (who opted out). This change was made following a [[:m:Requests for comment/Make global abuse filters opt-out|global request for comments]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341159] * [[{{#special:BlockedExternalDomains}}]] is a new tool for administrators to help fight spam. It provides a clearer interface for blocking plain domains (and their subdomains), is more easily searchable, and is faster for the software to process for each edit on the wiki. It does not support regex (for complex cases), nor URL path-matching, nor the [[MediaWiki:Spam-whitelist|MediaWiki:Spam-whitelist]], but otherwise it replaces most of the functionalities of the existing [[MediaWiki:Spam-blacklist|MediaWiki:Spam-blacklist]]. There is a Python script to help migrate all simple domains into this tool, and more feature details, within [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:BlockedExternalDomains|the tool's documentation]]. It is available at all wikis except for Meta-wiki, Commons, and Wikidata. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T337431] * The WikiEditor extension was updated. It includes some of the most frequently used features of wikitext editing. In the past, many of its messages could only be translated by administrators, but now all regular translators on translatewiki can translate them. Please check [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:MessageGroupStats?group=ext-wikieditor&messages=&x=D#sortable:0=asc the state of WikiEditor localization into your language], and if the "Completion" for your language shows anything less than 100%, please complete the translation. See [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-ambassadors@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/D4YELU2DXMZ75PGELUOKXXMFF3FH45XA/ a more detailed explanation]. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.17|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-11|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-12|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-13|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * The default protocol of [[{{#special:LinkSearch}}]] and API counterparts has changed from http to both http and https. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T14810] * [[{{#special:LinkSearch}}]] and its API counterparts will now search for all of the URL provided in the query. It used to be only the first 60 characters. This feature was requested fifteen years ago. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T17218] '''Future changes''' * There is an experiment with a [[:w:en:ChatGPT|ChatGPT]] plugin. This is to show users where the information is coming from when they read information from Wikipedia. It has been tested by Wikimedia Foundation staff and other Wikimedians. Soon all ChatGPT plugin users can use the Wikipedia plugin. This is the same plugin which was mentioned in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/20|Tech News 2023/20]]. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_Annual_Plan/2023-2024/Draft/Future_Audiences#FA2.2_Conversational_AI] * There is an ongoing discussion on a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Third-party resources policy|proposed Third-party resources policy]]. The proposal will impact the use of third-party resources in gadgets and userscripts. Based on the ideas received so far, policy includes some of the risks related to user scripts and gadgets loading third-party resources, some best practices and exemption requirements such as code transparency and inspectability. Your feedback and suggestions are warmly welcome until July 17, 2023 on [[m:Talk:Third-party resources policy|on the policy talk page]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/28|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W28"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:54, 10 Nyakanga 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25278797 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-29</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W29"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/29|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] We are now serving 1% of all global user traffic from [[:en:Kubernetes|Kubernetes]] (you can [[wikitech:MediaWiki On Kubernetes|read more technical details]]). We are planning to increment this percentage regularly. You can [[phab:T290536|follow the progress of this work]]. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.18|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-18|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-19|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-20|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] MediaWiki [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:System_message|system messages]] will now look for available local fallbacks, instead of always using the default fallback defined by software. This means wikis no longer need to override each language on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Language#Fallback_languages|fallback chain]] separately. For example, English Wikipedia doesn't have to create <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>en-ca</code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>en-gb</code></bdi> subpages with a transclusion of the base pages anymore. This makes it easier to maintain local overrides. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T229992] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>action=growthsetmentorstatus</code></bdi> API will be deprecated with the new MediaWiki version. Bots or scripts calling that API should use the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>action=growthmanagementorlist</code></bdi> API now. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T321503] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/29|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W29"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:08, 17 Nyakanga 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25289122 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-30</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W30"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/30|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] On July 18, the Wikimedia Foundation launched a survey about the [[:mw:Technical_decision_making|technical decision making process]] for people who do technical work that relies on software that is maintained by the Foundation or affiliates. If this applies to you, [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/885471 please take part in the survey]. The survey will be open for three weeks, until August 7. You can find more information in [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/Q7DUCFA75DXG3G2KHTO7CEWMLCYTSDB2/|the announcement e-mail on wikitech-l]]. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.19|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-25|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-26|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-27|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/30|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W30"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 02:20, 25 Nyakanga 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25332248 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-31</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W31"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/31|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The [[mw:Synchronizer|Synchronizer]] tool is now available to keep Lua modules synced across Wikimedia wikis, along with [[mw:Multilingual Templates and Modules|updated documentation]] to develop global Lua modules and templates. * The tag filter on [[{{#special:NewPages}}]] and revision history pages can now be inverted. For example, you can hide edits that were made using an automated tool. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334337][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334338] * The Wikipedia [[:w:en:ChatGPT|ChatGPT]] plugin experiment can now be used by ChatGPT users who can use plugins. You can participate in a [[:m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2023-2024/Draft/Future Audiences#Announcing monthly Future Audiences open "office hours"|video call]] if you want to talk about this experiment or similar work. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_Annual_Plan/2023-2024/Draft/Future_Audiences#FA2.2_Conversational_AI] '''Problems''' * It was not possible to generate a PDF for pages with non-Latin characters in the title, for the last two weeks. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T342442] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.20|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-01|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-02|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-03|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Starting on Tuesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]" ({{int:project-localized-name-kawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kaawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kabwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kbdwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kbpwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kiwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kmwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-knwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kshwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kuwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kwwiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308135] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/31|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W31"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:54, 31 Nyakanga 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25362228 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-32</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W32"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/32|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Mobile Web editors can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Advanced_mobile_contributions#August_1,_2023_-_Full-page_editing_added_on_mobile|edit a whole page at once]]. To use this feature, turn on "{{int:Mobile-frontend-mobile-option-amc}}" in your settings and use the "{{int:Minerva-page-actions-editfull}}" button in the "{{int:Minerva-page-actions-overflow}}" menu. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T203151] '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/32|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W32"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:21, 7 Kanama 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25420038 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-33</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W33"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/33|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The Content translation system is no longer using Youdao's [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Content_translation/Translating/Initial_machine_translation|machine translation service]]. The service was in place for several years, but due to no usage, and availability of alternatives, it was deprecated to reduce maintenance overheads. Other services which cover the same languages are still available. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T329137] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.22|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-15|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-16|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-17|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]" ({{int:project-localized-name-lawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ladwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lbwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lbewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lezwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lfnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lgwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-liwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lijwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lmowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ltgwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lvwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-maiwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-map_bmswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mdfwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mgwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kywiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308136] <!-- TODO replace wiki codes --> '''Future changes''' * A few gadgets/user scripts which add icons to the Minerva skin need to have their CSS updated. There are more details available including a [[phab:T344067|search for all existing instances and how to update them]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/33|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W33"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 06:00, 15 Kanama 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25428668 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-34</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W34"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/34|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [https://gdrive-to-commons.toolforge.org/ GDrive to Commons Uploader] tool is now available. It enables [[m:Special:MyLanguage/GDrive to Commons Uploader|securely selecting and uploading files]] from your Google Drive directly to Wikimedia Commons. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T267868] * From now on, we will announce new Wikimedia wikis in Tech News, so you can update any tools or pages. ** Since the last edition, two new wikis have been created: *** a Wiktionary in [[d:Q7121294|Pa'O]] ([[wikt:blk:|<code>wikt:blk:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T343540] *** a Wikisource in [[d:Q34002|Sundanese]] ([[s:su:|<code>s:su:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T343539] ** To catch up, the next most recent six wikis are: *** Wikifunctions ([[f:|<code>f:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T275945] *** a Wiktionary in [[d:Q2891049|Mandailing]] ([[wikt:btm:|<code>wikt:btm:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T335216] *** a Wikipedia in [[d:Q5555465|Ghanaian Pidgin]] ([[w:gpe:|<code>w:gpe:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T335969] *** a Wikinews in [[d:Q3111668|Gungbe]] ([[n:guw:|<code>n:guw:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334394] *** a Wiktionary in [[d:Q33522|Kabardian]] ([[wikt:kbd:|<code>wikt:kbd:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T333266] *** a Wikipedia in [[d:Q35570|Fante]] ([[w:fat:|<code>w:fat:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T335016] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.23|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-22|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-23|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-24|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] There is an existing [[mw:Stable interface policy|stable interface policy]] for MediaWiki backend code. There is a [[mw:User:Jdlrobson/Stable interface policy/frontend|proposed stable interface policy for frontend code]]. This is relevant for anyone who works on gadgets or Wikimedia frontend code. You can read it, discuss it, and let the proposer know if there are any problems. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344079] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/34|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W34"/> </div> 15:25, 21 Kanama 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25497111 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-35</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W35"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/35|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] As part of the changes for the [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Better diff handling of paragraph splits|better diff handling of paragraph splits]], improved detection of splits is being rolled out. Over the last two weeks, we deployed this support to [[wikitech:Deployments/Train#Groups|group0]] and group1 wikis. This week it will be deployed to group2 wikis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341754] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] All [[{{#special:Contributions}}]] pages now show the user's local edit count and the account's creation date. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T324166] * Wikisource users can now use the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>prpbengalicurrency</code></bdi> label to denote Bengali currency characters as page numbers inside the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki><pagelist></nowiki></code></bdi> tag. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T268932] * Two preferences have been relocated. The preference "{{int:visualeditor-preference-visualeditor}}" is now shown on the [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|"{{int:prefs-editing}}" tab]] at all wikis. Previously it was shown on the "{{int:prefs-betafeatures}}" tab at some wikis. The preference "{{int:visualeditor-preference-newwikitexteditor-enable}}" is now also shown on the "{{int:prefs-editing}}" tab at all wikis, instead of the "{{int:prefs-betafeatures}}" tab. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T335056][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344158] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.24|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-29|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-30|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-31|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] New signups for a Wikimedia developer account will start being pushed towards <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[https://idm.wikimedia.org/ idm.wikimedia.org]</bdi>, rather than going via Wikitech. [[wikitech:IDM|Further information about the new system is available]]. * All right-to-left language wikis, plus Korean, Armenian, Ukrainian, Russian, and Bulgarian Wikipedias, will have a link in the sidebar that provides a short URL of that page, using the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia URL Shortener|Wikimedia URL Shortener]]. This feature will come to more wikis in future weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T267921] '''Future changes''' * The removal of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:DoubleWiki|DoubleWiki extension]] is being discussed. This extension currently allows Wikisource users to view articles from multiple language versions side by side when the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><=></code></bdi> symbol next to a specific language edition is selected. Comments on this are welcomed at [[phab:T344544|the phabricator task]]. * A proposal has been made to merge the second hidden-categories list (which appears below the wikitext editing form) with the main list of categories (which is further down the page). [[phab:T340606|More information is available on Phabricator]]; feedback is welcome! '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/35|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W35"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 14:00, 28 Kanama 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25510866 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-36</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W36"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/36|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[m:Wikisource_EditInSequence|EditInSequence]], a feature that allows users to edit pages faster on Wikisource has been moved to a Beta Feature based on community feedback. To enable it, you can navigate to the [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta features tab in Preferences]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308098] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] As part of the changes for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Generate Audio for IPA|Generate Audio for IPA]] and [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Multimedia and Commons/Audio links that play on click|Audio links that play on click]] wishlist proposals, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Phonos#Inline_audio_player_mode|inline audio player mode]] of [[mw:Extension:Phonos|Phonos]] has been deployed to all projects. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336763] * There is a new option for Administrators when they are changing the usergroups for a user, to add the user’s user page to their watchlist. This works both via [[{{#special:UserRights}}]] and via the API. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T272294] * One new wiki has been created: ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q34318|Talysh]] ([[w:tly:|<code>w:tly:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T345166] '''Problems''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:LoginNotify|LoginNotify extension]] was not sending notifications since January. It has now been fixed, so going forward, you may see notifications for failed login attempts, and successful login attempts from a new device. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344785] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.25|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-05|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-06|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-07|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]" ({{int:project-localized-name-mhrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-miwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-minwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mrjwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mtwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mwlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-myvwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mznwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nahwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-napwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ndswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nds_nlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-newiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-newwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-novwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nqowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nrmwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nsowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nvwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ocwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-olowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-omwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-orwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-oswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pagwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pamwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-papwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pcdwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pdcwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pflwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pihwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pmswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pnbwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pntwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pswiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308137][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308138] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/36|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W36"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:34, 4 Nzeri 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25566983 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-37</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W37"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/37|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/ORES|ORES]], the revision evaluation service, is now using a new open-source infrastructure on all wikis except for English Wikipedia and Wikidata. These two will follow this week. If you notice any unusual results from the Recent Changes filters that are related to ORES (for example, "{{int:ores-rcfilters-damaging-title}}" and "{{int:ores-rcfilters-goodfaith-title}}"), please [[mw:Talk:Machine Learning|report them]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T342115] * When you are logged in on one Wikimedia wiki and visit a different Wikimedia wiki, the system tries to log you in there automatically. This has been unreliable for a long time. You can now visit the login page to make the system try extra hard. If you feel that made logging in better or worse than it used to be, your feedback is appreciated. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326281] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.26|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-12|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-13|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-14|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Technical decision making|Technical Decision-Making Forum Retrospective]] team invites anyone involved in the technical field of Wikimedia projects to signup to and join [[mw:Technical decision making/Listening Sessions|one of their listening sessions]] on 13 September. Another date will be scheduled later. The goal is to improve the technical decision-making processes. * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] As part of the changes for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Better diff handling of paragraph splits|Better diff handling of paragraph splits]] wishlist proposal, the inline switch widget in diff pages is being rolled out this week to all wikis. The inline switch will allow viewers to toggle between a unified inline or two-column diff wikitext format. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336716] '''Future changes''' * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on 20 September. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|This is planned at 14:00 UTC.]] More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T345263] * The Enterprise API is launching a new feature called "[http://breakingnews-beta.enterprise.wikimedia.com/ breaking news]". Currently in BETA, this attempts to identify likely "newsworthy" topics as they are currently being written about in any Wikipedia. Your help is requested to improve the accuracy of its detection model, especially on smaller language editions, by recommending templates or identifiable editing patterns. See more information at [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise/Breaking news|the documentation page]] on MediaWiki or [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise/FAQ#What is Breaking News|the FAQ]] on Meta. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/37|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W37"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:08, 11 Nzeri 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25589064 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-38</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W38"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/38|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] MediaWiki now has a [[mw:Stable interface policy/frontend|stable interface policy for frontend code]] that more clearly defines how we deprecate MediaWiki code and wiki-based code (e.g. gadgets and user scripts). Thank you to everyone who contributed to the content and discussions. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T346467][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344079] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.27|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-19|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-20|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-21|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on September 20. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|This is planned at 14:00 UTC.]] [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T345263] * All wikis will have a link in the sidebar that provides a short URL of that page, using the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia URL Shortener|Wikimedia URL Shortener]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T267921] '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The team investigating the Graph Extension posted [[mw:Extension:Graph/Plans#Proposal|a proposal for reenabling it]] and they need your input. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/38|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W38"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:20, 18 Nzeri 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25623533 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-39</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W39"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/39|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The Vector 2022 skin will now remember the pinned/unpinned status for the Table of Contents for all logged-out users. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T316060] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.28|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-26|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-27|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-28|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The ResourceLoader <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mediawiki.ui</nowiki></code></bdi> modules are now deprecated as part of the move to Vue.js and Codex. There is a [[mw:Codex/Migrating_from_MediaWiki_UI|guide for migrating from MediaWiki UI to Codex]] for any tools that use it. More [[phab:T346468|details are available in the task]] and your questions are welcome there. * Gadget definitions will have a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets#Options|new "namespaces" option]]. The option takes a list of namespace IDs. Gadgets that use this option will only load on pages in the given namespaces. '''Future changes''' * New variables will be added to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]]: <code><bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">global_account_groups</bdi></code> and <code><bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">global_account_editcount</bdi></code>. They are available only when an account is being created. You can use them to prevent blocking automatic creation of accounts when users with many edits elsewhere visit your wiki for the first time. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T345632][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter/Rules_format] '''Meetings''' * You can join the next meeting with the Wikipedia mobile apps teams. During the meeting, we will discuss the current features and future roadmap. The meeting will be on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1698426015 27 October at 17:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Apps/Office_Hours#October_2023|details and how to join]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/39|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W39"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16:51, 26 Nzeri 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25655264 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-40</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W40"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/40|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * There is a new [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-rendering-advancedrendering|user preference]] for "{{int:tog-forcesafemode}}". This setting will make pages load without including any on-wiki JavaScript or on-wiki stylesheet pages. It can be useful for debugging broken JavaScript gadgets. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T342347] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Gadget definitions now have a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets#Options|new "<var>contentModels</var>" option]]. The option takes a list of page content models, like <code><bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">wikitext</bdi></code> or <code><bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">css</bdi></code>. Gadgets that use this option will only load on pages with the given content models. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.29|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-03|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-04|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-05|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The Vector 2022 skin will no longer use the custom styles and scripts of Vector legacy (2010). The change will be made later this year or in early 2024. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Features/Loading Vector 2010 scripts|how to adjust the CSS and JS pages on your wiki]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T331679] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/40|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W40"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:27, 3 Ukwakira 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25686930 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-41</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W41"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/41|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q33291|Fon]] ([[w:fon:|<code>w:fon:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T347935] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.30|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-10|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-11|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-12|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]" ({{int:project-localized-name-swwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-wawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-warwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-wowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-xalwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-xhwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-xmfwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-yiwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-yowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-zawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-zeawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-zh_min_nanwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-zuwiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308139] * At some wikis, newcomers are suggested images from Commons to add to articles without any images. Starting on Tuesday, newcomers at these wikis will be able to add images to unillustrated article sections. The specific wikis are listed under "Images recommendations" [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Deployment table|at the Growth team deployment table]]. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add an image|learn more about this feature.]] [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T345940] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] In the mobile web skin (Minerva) the CSS ID <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>#page-actions</nowiki></code></bdi> will be replaced with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>#p-views</nowiki></code></bdi>. This change is to make it consistent with other skins and to improve support for gadgets and extensions in the mobile skin. A few gadgets may need to be updated; there are [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T348267 details and search-links in the task]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/41|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W41"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 14:39, 9 Ukwakira 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25712895 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-42</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W42"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/42|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Unified login|Unified login]] system's edge login should now be fixed for some browsers (Chrome, Edge, Opera). This means that if you visit a new sister project wiki, you should be logged in automatically without the need to click "Log in" or reload the page. Feedback on whether it's working for you is welcome. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T347889] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Interface/Edit_notice|Edit notices]] are now available within the MobileFrontend/Minerva skin. This feature was inspired by [[w:en:Wikipedia:EditNoticesOnMobile|the gadget on English Wikipedia]]. See more details in [[phab:T316178|T316178]]. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.1|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-17|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-18|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-19|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * In 3 weeks, in the Vector 2022 skin, code related to <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>addPortletLink</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>#p-namespaces</nowiki></code></bdi> that was deprecated one year ago will be removed. If you notice tools that should appear next to the "Discussion" tab are then missing, please tell the gadget's maintainers to see [[phab:T347907|instructions in the Phabricator task]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/42|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W42"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:47, 16 Ukwakira 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25745824 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-43</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W43"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/43|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * There is a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language engineering/Newsletter/2023/October|Language and internationalization newsletter]], written quarterly. It contains updates on new feature development, improvements in various language-related technical projects, and related support work. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Source map support has been enabled on all wikis. When you open the debugger in your browser's developer tools, you should be able to see the unminified JavaScript source code. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T47514] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.2|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-24|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-25|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-26|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/43|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W43"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:16, 23 Ukwakira 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25782286 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-44</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W44"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/44|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The Structured Content team, as part of its project of [[:commons:Commons:WMF support for Commons/Upload Wizard Improvements|improving UploadWizard on Commons]], made some UX improvements to the upload step of choosing own vs not own work ([[phab:T347590|T347590]]), as well as to the licensing step for own work ([[phab:T347756|T347756]]). * The Design Systems team has released version 1.0.0 of [[wmdoc:codex/latest/|Codex]], the new design system for Wikimedia. See the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Design_Systems_Team/Announcing_Codex_1.0|full announcement about the release of Codex 1.0.0]]. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.3|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-31|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-01|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-02|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Listings on category pages are sorted on each wiki for that language using a [[:w:en:International Components for Unicode|library]]. For a brief period on 2 November, changes to categories will not be sorted correctly for many languages. This is because the developers are upgrading to a new version of the library. They will then use a script to fix the existing categories. This will take a few hours or a few days depending on how big the wiki is. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Technical Operations/ICU announcement|read more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T345561][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T267145] * Starting November 1, the impact module (Special:Impact) will be upgraded by the Growth team. The new impact module shows newcomers more data regarding their impact on the wiki. It was tested by a few wikis during the last few months. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336203] '''Future changes''' * There is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph/Plans#Roadmap|a proposed plan]] for re-enabling the Graph Extension. You can help by reviewing this proposal and [[mw:Extension_talk:Graph/Plans#c-PPelberg_(WMF)-20231020221600-Update:_20_October|sharing what you think about it]]. * The WMF is working on making it possible for administrators to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Community_configuration_2.0|edit MediaWiki configuration directly]]. This is similar to previous work on Special:EditGrowthConfig. [[phab:T349757|A technical RfC is running until November 08, where you can provide feedback.]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/44|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W44"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:21, 30 Ukwakira 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25801989 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-45</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W45"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/45|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * In the Vector 2022 skin, the default font-size of a number of navigational elements (tagline, tools menu, navigational links, and more) has been increased slightly to match the font size used in page content. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T346062] '''Problems''' * Last week, there was a problem displaying some recent edits on [https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s5.dblist a few wikis], for 1-6 hours. The edits were saved but not immediately shown. This was due to a database problem. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350443] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.4|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-07|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-08|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-09|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). * The Growth team will reassign newcomers from former mentors to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Structured mentor list|the currently active mentors]]. They have also changed the notification language to be more user-friendly. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T330071][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T327493] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/45|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W45"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:06, 6 Ugushyingo 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25838105 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-46</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W46"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/46|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Four new wikis have been created: ** a Wikipedia in [[d:Q7598268|Moroccan Amazigh]] ([[w:zgh:|<code>w:zgh:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350216] ** a Wikipedia in [[d:Q35159|Dagaare]] ([[w:dga:|<code>w:dga:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350218] ** a Wikipedia in [[d:Q33017|Toba Batak]] ([[w:bbc:|<code>w:bbc:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350320] ** a Wikiquote in [[d:Q33151|Banjar]] ([[q:bjn:|<code>q:bjn:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350217] '''Problems''' * Last week, users who previously visited Meta-Wiki or Wikimedia Commons and then became logged out on those wikis could not log in again. The problem is now resolved. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350695] * Last week, some pop-up dialogs and menus were shown with the wrong font size. The problem is now resolved. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350544] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.5|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-14|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-15|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-16|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * Reference Previews are coming to many wikis as a default feature. They are popups for references, similar to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Page Previews|PagePreviews feature]]. [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews#Opt-out feature|You can opt out]] of seeing them. If you are [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-gadgets|using the gadgets]] Reference Tooltips or Navigation Popups, you won’t see Reference Previews. [[phab:T282999|Deployment]] is planned for November 22, 2023. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Canary (also known as heartbeat) events will be produced into [https://stream.wikimedia.org/?doc#/streams Wikimedia event streams] from December 11. Streams users are advised to filter out these events, by discarding all events where <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>meta.domain == "canary"</nowiki></code></bdi>. Updates to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Pywikibot|Pywikibot]] or [https://github.com/ChlodAlejandro/wikimedia-streams wikimedia-streams] will discard these events by default. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T266798] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/46|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W46"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:52, 13 Ugushyingo 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25859263 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-47</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W47"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/47|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]" ({{int:project-localized-name-quwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-rmwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-rmywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-rnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-roa_rupwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-roa_tarawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ruewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-rwwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sahwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-satwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-scwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-scnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-scowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sdwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sgwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-shwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-siwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-skwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-slwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-smwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sqwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-srwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-srnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-stwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-stqwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-suwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-szlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tcywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tetwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tgwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-thwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-towiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tpiwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ttwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-twwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tyvwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-udmwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ugwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-uzwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-vewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-vecwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-vepwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-vlswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-vowiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308141][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308142][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308143] * The Vector 2022 skin will have some minor visual changes to drop-down menus, column widths, and more. These changes were added to four Wikipedias last week. If no issues are found, these changes will proceed to all wikis this week. These changes will make it possible to add new menus for readability and dark mode. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop_Improvements/Updates#November_2023:_Visual_changes,_more_deployments,_and_shifting_focus|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T347711] '''Future changes''' * There is [[mw:Extension talk:Graph/Plans#Update: 15 November|an update on re-enabling the Graph Extension]]. To speed up the process, Vega 2 will not be supported and only [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T335325 some protocols] will be available at launch. You can help by sharing what you think about the plan. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/47|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W47"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:55, 21 Ugushyingo 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25884616 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-48</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W48"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/48|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.7|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-28|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-29|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-30|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). There is no new MediaWiki version next week. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] MediaWiki's JavaScript system will now allow <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>async</code>/<code>await</code></bdi> syntax in gadgets and user scripts. Gadget authors should remember that users' browsers may not support it, so it should be used appropriately. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T343499] * The deployment of "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add_a_link|Add a link]]" announced [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/47|last week]] was postponed. It will resume this week. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/48|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W48"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:09, 27 Ugushyingo 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25906379 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-49</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W49"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/49|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The spacing between paragraphs on Vector 2022 has been changed from 7px to 14px to match the size of the text. This will make it easier to distinguish paragraphs from sentences. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T351754] * The "{{int:Visualeditor-dialog-meta-categories-defaultsort-label}}" feature in VisualEditor is working again. You no longer need to switch to source editing to edit <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>{{DEFAULTSORT:...}}</nowiki></code></bdi> keywords. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T337398] '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * On 6 December, people who have the enabled the preference for "{{int:Discussiontools-preference-visualenhancements}}" will notice the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability|talk page usability improvements]] appear on pages that include the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>__NEWSECTIONLINK__</nowiki></code></bdi> magic word. If you notice any issues, please [[phab:T352232|share them with the team on Phabricator]]. '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The Toolforge [[wikitech:News/Toolforge Grid Engine deprecation|Grid Engine shutdown process]] will start on December 14. Maintainers of [[toolforge:grid-deprecation|tools that still use this old system]] should plan to migrate to Kubernetes, or tell the team your plans on Phabricator in the task about your tool, before that date. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/VIWWQKMSQO2ED3TVUR7KPPWRTOBYBVOA/] * Communities using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured_Discussions|Structured Discussions]] are being contacted regarding [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured_Discussions/Deprecation|the upcoming deprecation of Structured Discussions]]. You can read more about this project, and share your comments, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured_Discussions/Deprecation|on the project's page]]. '''Events''' * Registration & Scholarship applications are now open for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Hackathon 2024|Wikimedia Hackathon 2024]] that will take place from 3–5 May in Tallinn, Estonia. Scholarship applications are open until 5 January 2024. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/49|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W49"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:50, 4 Ukuboza 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25914435 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-50</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W50"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/50|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * On Wikimedia Commons, there are some minor user-interface improvements for the "choosing own vs not own work" step in the UploadWizard. This is part of the Structured Content team's project of [[:commons:Commons:WMF support for Commons/Upload Wizard Improvements|improving UploadWizard on Commons]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352707][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352709] '''Problems''' * There was a problem showing the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Personalized first day/Newcomer homepage|Newcomer homepage]] feature with the "impact module" and their page-view graphs, for a few days in early December. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352352][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352349] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.9|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-12-12|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-12-13|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-12-14|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=]] The [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/796964 2023 Developer Satisfaction Survey] is seeking the opinions of the Wikimedia developer community. Please take the survey if you have any role in developing software for the Wikimedia ecosystem. The survey is open until 5 January 2024, and has an associated [[foundation:Legal:December_2023_Developer_Satisfaction_Survey|privacy statement]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/50|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W50"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 02:12, 12 Ukuboza 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25945501 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-51</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W51"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/51|Translations]] are available. '''Tech News''' * The next issue of Tech News will be sent out on 8 January 2024 because of [[w:en:Christmas and holiday season|the holidays]]. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.10|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-12-19|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-12-20|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-12-21|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). There is no new MediaWiki version next week. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * Starting December 18, it won't be possible to activate Structured Discussions on a user's own talk page using the Beta feature. The Beta feature option remains available for users who want to deactivate Structured Discussions. This is part of [[mw:Structured Discussions/Deprecation|Structured Discussions' deprecation work]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T248309] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] There will be full support for redirects in the Module namespace. The "Move Page" feature will leave an appropriate redirect behind, and such redirects will be appropriately recognized by the software (e.g. hidden from [[{{#special:UnconnectedPages}}]]). There will also be support for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#Renaming or moving modules|manual redirects]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T120794] '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The MediaWiki JavaScript documentation is moving to a new format. During the move, you can read the old docs using [https://doc.wikimedia.org/mediawiki-core/REL1_41/js/ version 1.41]. Feedback about [https://doc.wikimedia.org/mediawiki-core/master/js/ the new site] is welcome on the [[mw:Talk:JSDoc_WMF_theme|project talk page]]. * The Wishathon is a new initiative that encourages collaboration across the Wikimedia community to develop solutions for wishes collected through the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey|Community Wishlist Survey]]. The first community Wishathon will take place from 15–17 March. If you are interested in a project proposal as a user, developer, designer, or product lead, you can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:WishathonMarch2024|register for the event and read more]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/51|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W51"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16:18, 18 Ukuboza 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25959059 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-02</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W02"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/02|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [https://mediawiki2latex.wmflabs.org/ mediawiki2latex] is a tool that converts wiki content into the formats of LaTeX, PDF, ODT, and EPUB. The code now runs many times faster due to recent improvements. There is also an optional Docker container you can [[b:de:Benutzer:Dirk_Hünniger/wb2pdf/install#Using_Docker|install]] on your local machine. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The way that Random pages are selected has been updated. This will slowly reduce the problem of some pages having a lower chance of appearing. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T309477] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.13|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-09|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-10|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-11|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/02|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W02"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:20, 9 Mutarama 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26026251 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-03</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W03"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/03|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Pages that use the JSON [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:ContentHandler|contentmodel]] will now use tabs instead of spaces for auto-indentation. This will significantly reduce the page size. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326065] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets|Gadgets]] and personal user scripts may now use JavaScript syntax introduced in ES6 (also known as "ES2015") and ES7 ("ES2016"). MediaWiki validates the source code to protect other site functionality from syntax errors, and to ensure scripts are valid in all [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Compatibility#Browsers|supported browsers]]. Previously, Gadgets could use the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>requiresES6</nowiki></code></bdi> option. This option is no longer needed and will be removed in the future. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T75714] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Bot passwords|Bot passwords]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/Owner-only consumers|owner-only OAuth consumers]] can now be restricted to allow editing only specific pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T349957] * You can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Thanks|thank]] edits made by bots. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341388] * An update on the status of the Community Wishlist Survey for 2024 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Future Of The Wishlist/January 4, 2024 Update|has been published]]. Please read and give your feedback. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.14|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-16|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-17|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-18|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * Starting on January 17, it will not be possible to login to Wikimedia wikis from some specific old versions of the Chrome browser (versions 51–66, released between 2016 and 2018). Additionally, users of iOS 12, or Safari on Mac OS 10.14, may need to login to each wiki separately. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344791] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>jquery.cookie</code></bdi> module was deprecated and replaced with the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>mediawiki.cookie</code></bdi> module last year. A script has now been run to replace any remaining uses, and this week the temporary alias will be removed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T354966] '''Future changes''' * Wikimedia Deutschland is working to [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Reusing references|make reusing references easier]]. They are looking for people who are interested in participating in [https://wikimedia.sslsurvey.de/User-research-into-Reusing-References-Sign-up-Form-2024/en/ individual video calls for user research in January and February]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/03|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W03"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:13, 16 Mutarama 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26074460 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-04</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W04"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/04|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * A bug in UploadWizard prevented linking to the userpage of the uploader when uploading. It has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T354529] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.15|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-23|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-24|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-25|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/04|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W04"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:04, 23 Mutarama 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26096197 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-05</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W05"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/05|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Starting Monday January 29, all talk pages messages' timestamps will become a link. This link is a permanent link to the comment. It allows users to find the comment they are looking for, even if this comment was moved elsewhere. This will affect all wikis except for the English Wikipedia. You can read more about this change [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/01/29/talk-page-permalinks-dont-lose-your-threads/ on Diff] or [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#Talk_pages_permalinking|on Mediawiki.org]].<!-- The Diff post will be published on Monday morning UTC--> [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T302011] * There are some improvements to the CAPTCHA to make it harder for spam bots and scripts to bypass it. If you have feedback on this change, please comment on [[phab:T141490|the task]]. Staff are monitoring metrics related to the CAPTCHA, as well as secondary metrics such as account creations and edit counts. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.16|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-30|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-31|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-01|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] On February 1, a link will be added to the "Tools" menu to download a [[w:en:QR code|QR code]] that links to the page you are viewing. There will also be a new [[{{#special:QrCode}}]] page to create QR codes for any Wikimedia URL. This addresses the [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Mobile and apps/Add ability to share QR code for a page in any Wikimedia project|#19 most-voted wish]] from the [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Results|2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T329973] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets|Gadgets]] which only work in some skins have sometimes used the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>targets</code></bdi> option to limit where you can use them. This will stop working this week. You should use the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>skins</code></bdi> option instead. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328497] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/05|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W05"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:31, 29 Mutarama 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26137870 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-06</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W06"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/06|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' *The mobile site history pages now use the same HTML as the desktop history pages. If you hear of any problems relating to mobile history usage please point them to [[phab:T353388|the phabricator task]]. *On most wikis, admins can now block users from making specific actions. These actions are: uploading files, creating new pages, moving (renaming) pages, and sending thanks. The goal of this feature is to allow admins to apply blocks that are adequate to the blocked users' activity. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community health initiative/Partial blocks#action-blocks|Learn more about "action blocks"]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T242541][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T280531] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.17|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-06|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-07|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-08|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * Talk pages permalinks that included diacritics and non-Latin script were malfunctioning. This issue is fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T356199] '''Future changes''' * [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews#24WPs|24 Wikipedias]] with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reference_Tooltips|Reference Tooltips]] as a default gadget are encouraged to remove that default flag. This would make [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Reference_Previews|Reference Previews]] the new default for reference popups, leading to a more consistent experience across wikis. For [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews#46WPs|46 Wikipedias]] with less than 4 interface admins, the change is already scheduled for mid-February, [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews#Reference Previews to become the default for previewing references on more wikis.|unless there are concerns]]. The older Reference Tooltips gadget will still remain usable and will override this feature, if it is available on your wiki and you have enabled it in your settings. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/ReferencePreviews#Reference_Previews_to_become_the_default_for_previewing_references_on_more_wikis][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T355312] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/06|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W06"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:22, 5 Gashyantare 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26180971 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-07</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W07"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/07|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [[d:Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS graph split|WDQS Graph Split experiment]] is working and loaded onto 3 test servers. The team in charge is testing the split's impact and requires feedback from WDQS users through the UI or programmatically in different channels. [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata_talk:SPARQL_query_service/WDQS_graph_split][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T356773][https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/User:Sannita_(WMF)] Users' feedback will validate the impact of various use cases and workflows around the Wikidata Query service. [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:SPARQL_query_service/WDQS_backend_update/October_2023_scaling_update][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikidata_Query_Service/User_Manual#Federation] '''Problems''' *There was a bug that affected the appearance of visited links when using mobile device to access wiki sites. It made the links appear black; [[phab:T356928|this issue]] is fixed. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.18|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-13|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-14|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-15|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] As work continues on the grid engine deprecation,[https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/News/Toolforge_Grid_Engine_deprecation] tools on the grid engine will be stopped starting on February 14th, 2024. If you have tools actively migrating you can ask for an extension so they are not stopped. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Portal:Toolforge/About_Toolforge#Communication_and_support] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/07|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W07"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 05:49, 13 Gashyantare 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26223994 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-08</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W08"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/08|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * If you have the "{{int:Tog-enotifwatchlistpages}}" option enabled, edits by bot accounts no longer trigger notification emails. Previously, only minor edits would not trigger the notification emails. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T356984] * There are changes to how user and site scripts load for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Vector/2022| Vector 2022]] on specific wikis. The changes impacted the following Wikis: all projects with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Vector|Vector legacy]] as the default skin, Wikivoyage, and Wikibooks. Other wikis will be affected over the course of the next three months. Gadgets are not impacted. If you have been affected or want to minimize the impact on your project, see [[Phab:T357580| this ticket]]. Please coordinate and take action proactively. *Newly auto-created accounts (the accounts you get when you visit a new wiki) now have the same local notification preferences as users who freshly register on that wiki. It is effected in four notification types listed in the [[phab:T353225|task's description]]. *The maximum file size when using [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Upload_Wizard|Upload Wizard]] is now 5 GiB. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T191804] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.19|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-20|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-21|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-22|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Selected tools on the grid engine have been [[wikitech:News/Toolforge_Grid_Engine_deprecation|stopped]] as we prepare to shut down the grid on March 14th, 2024. The tool's code and data have not been deleted. If you are a maintainer and you want your tool re-enabled reach out to the [[wikitech:Portal:Toolforge/About_Toolforge#Communication_and_support|team]]. Only tools that have asked for extension are still running on the grid. * The CSS <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>[https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/filter filter]</code></bdi> property can now be used in HTML <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>style</code></bdi> attributes in wikitext. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308160] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/08|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W08"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 15:37, 19 Gashyantare 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26254282 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-09</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W09"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/09|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor_on_mobile|mobile visual editor]] is now the default editor for users who never edited before, at a small group of wikis. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor_on_mobile/VE_mobile_default#A/B_test_results| Research ]] shows that users using this editor are slightly more successful publishing the edits they started, and slightly less successful publishing non-reverted edits. Users who defined the wikitext editor as their default on desktop will get the wikitext editor on mobile for their first edit on mobile as well. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352127] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/ResourceLoader/Core modules#mw.config|mw.config]] value <code>wgGlobalGroups</code> now only contains groups that are active in the wiki. Scripts no longer have to check whether the group is active on the wiki via an API request. A code example of the above is: <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>if (/globalgroupname/.test(mw.config.get("wgGlobalGroups")))</code></bdi>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T356008] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.20|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-27|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-28|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-29|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''Future changes''' * The right to change [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Tags|edit tags]] (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>changetags</code></bdi>) will be removed from users in Wikimedia sites, keeping it by default for admins and bots only. Your community can ask to retain the old configuration on your wiki before this change happens. Please indicate in [[phab:T355639|this ticket]] to keep it for your community before the end of March 2024. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/09|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W09"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:23, 26 Gashyantare 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26294125 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-10</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W10"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/10|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>Special:Book</code></bdi> page (as well as the associated "Create a book" functionality) provided by the old [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Collection|Collection extension]] has been removed from all Wikisource wikis, as it was broken. This does not affect the ability to download normal books, which is provided by the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Wikisource|Wikisource extension]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358437] * [[m:Wikitech|Wikitech]] now uses the next-generation [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid|Parsoid]] wikitext parser by default to generate all pages in the Talk namespace. Report any problems on the [[mw:Talk:Parsoid/Parser_Unification/Known_Issues|Known Issues discussion page]]. You can use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:ParserMigration|ParserMigration]] extension to control the use of Parsoid; see the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration|ParserMigration help documentation]] for more details. * Maintenance on [https://etherpad.wikimedia.org etherpad] is completed. If you encounter any issues, please indicate in [[phab:T316421|this ticket]]. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=| Advanced item]] [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets|Gadgets]] allow interface admins to create custom features with CSS and JavaScript. The <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>Gadget</code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>Gadget_definition</code></bdi> namespaces and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>gadgets-definition-edit</code></bdi> user right were reserved for an experiment in 2015, but were never used. These were visible on Special:Search and Special:ListGroupRights. The unused namespaces and user rights are now removed. No pages are moved, and no changes need to be made. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T31272] * A usability improvement to the "Add a citation" in Wikipedia workflow has been made, the insert button was moved to the popup header. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T354847] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.21|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-05|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-06|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-07|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''Future changes''' * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on March 20. This is planned at 14:00 UTC. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358233] * The HTML markup of headings and section edit links will be changed later this year to improve accessibility. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Heading_HTML_changes|Heading HTML changes]] for details. The new markup will be the same as in the new Parsoid wikitext parser. You can test your gadget or stylesheet with the new markup if you add <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>?useparsoid=1</code></bdi> to your URL ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration#Selecting_a_parser_using_a_URL_query_string|more info]]) or turn on Parsoid read views in your user options ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration#Enabling_via_user_preference|more info]]). * '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/10|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W10"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:47, 4 werurwe 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26329807 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-11</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W11"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/11|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.22|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-12|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-13|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-14|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * After consulting with various communities, the line height of the text on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Minerva Neue|Minerva skin]] will be increased to its previous value of 1.65. Different options for typography can also be set using the options in the menu, as needed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358498] *The active link color in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Minerva Neue|Minerva]] will be changed to provide more consistency with our other platforms and best practices. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358516] * [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Structured data|Structured data on Commons]] will no longer ask whether you want to leave the page without saving. This will prevent the “information you’ve entered may not be saved” popups from appearing when no information have been entered. It will also make file pages on Commons load faster in certain cases. However, the popups will be hidden even if information has indeed been entered. If you accidentally close the page before saving the structured data you entered, that data will be lost. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T312315] '''Future changes''' * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on March 20. This is planned at 14:00 UTC. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358233][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server_switch] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/11|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W11"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:04, 11 werurwe 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26374013 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-12</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W12"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/12|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The notice "Language links are at the top of the page" that appears in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Vector/2022|Vector 2022 skin]] main menu has been removed now that users have learned the new location of the Language switcher. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T353619] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IP_Editing:_Privacy_Enhancement_and_Abuse_Mitigation/IP_Info_feature|IP info feature]] displays data from Spur, an IP addresses database. Previously, the only data source for this feature was MaxMind. Now, IP info is more useful for patrollers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341395] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The Toolforge Grid Engine services have been shut down after the final migration process from Grid Engine to Kubernetes. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Obsolete:Toolforge/Grid][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/News/Toolforge_Grid_Engine_deprecation][https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2022/03/14/toolforge-and-grid-engine/] * Communities can now customize the default reasons for undeleting a page by creating [[MediaWiki:Undelete-comment-dropdown]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326746] '''Problems''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/RevisionSlider|RevisionSlider]] is an interface to interactively browse a page's history. Users in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:RevisionSlider/Developing_a_RTL-accessible_feature_in_MediaWiki_-_what_we%27ve_learned_while_creating_the_RevisionSlider|right-to-left]] languages reported RevisionSlider reacting wrong to mouse clicks. This should be fixed now. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352169] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.23|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-19|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-20|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-21|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on March 20. This is planned at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1710943200 14:00 UTC]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358233][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server_switch] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/12|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W12"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:40, 18 werurwe 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26410165 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-13</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W13"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/13|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] An update was made on March 18th 2024 to how various projects load site, user JavaScript and CSS in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Vector/2022|Vector 2022 skin]]. A [[phab:T360384|checklist]] is provided for site admins to follow. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.24|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-26|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-27|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-28|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/13|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W13"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:57, 25 werurwe 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26446209 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-14</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W14"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/14|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Users of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility_for_reading|reading accessibility]] beta feature will notice that the default line height for the standard and large text options has changed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T359030] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.25|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-02|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-03|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-04|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''Future changes''' * The Wikimedia Foundation has an annual plan. The annual plan decides what the Wikimedia Foundation will work on. You can now read [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Product & Technology OKRs#Draft Key Results|the draft key results]] for the Product and Technology department. They are suggestions for what results the Foundation wants from big technical changes from July 2024 to June 2025. You can [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Product & Technology OKRs|comment on the talk page]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/14|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W14"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 03:36, 2 Mata 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26462933 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-15</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W15"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/15|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Web browsers can use tools called [[:w:en:Browser extension|extensions]]. There is now a Chrome extension called [[m:Future Audiences/Experiment:Citation Needed|Citation Needed]] which you can use to see if an online statement is supported by a Wikipedia article. This is a small experiment to see if Wikipedia can be used this way. Because it is a small experiment, it can only be used in Chrome in English. * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] A new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit Recovery|Edit Recovery]] feature has been added to all wikis, available as a [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|user preference]]. Once you enable it, your in-progress edits will be stored in your web browser, and if you accidentally close an editing window or your browser or computer crashes, you will be prompted to recover the unpublished text. Please leave any feedback on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Edit-recovery feature|project talk page]]. This was the #8 wish in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey. * Initial results of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check|Edit check]] experiments [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit_check#4_April_2024|have been published]]. Edit Check is now deployed as a default feature at [[phab:T342930#9538364|the wikis that tested it]]. [[mw:Talk:Edit check|Let us know]] if you want your wiki to be part of the next deployment of Edit check. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T342930][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361727] * Readers using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Minerva Neue|Minerva skin]] on mobile will notice there has been an improvement in the line height across all typography settings. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T359029] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.26|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-09|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-10|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-11|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * New accounts and logged-out users will get the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor|visual editor]] as their default editor on mobile. This deployment is made at all wikis except for the English Wikipedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361134] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/15|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W15"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:37, 8 Mata 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26564838 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-16</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W16"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/16|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * Between 2 April and 8 April, on wikis using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:FlaggedRevs|Flagged Revisions]], the "{{Int:tag-mw-reverted}}" tag was not applied to undone edits. In addition, page moves, protections and imports were not autoreviewed. This problem is now fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361918][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361940] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.1|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-16|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-17|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-18|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#DEFAULTSORT|Default category sort keys]] will now affect categories added by templates placed in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Cite|footnotes]]. Previously footnotes used the page title as the default sort key even if a different default sort key was specified (category-specific sort keys already worked). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T40435] * A new variable <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>page_last_edit_age</code></bdi> will be added to [[Special:AbuseFilter|abuse filters]]. It tells how many seconds ago the last edit to a page was made. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T269769] '''Future changes''' * Volunteer developers are kindly asked to update the code of their tools and features to handle [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]]. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers/2024-04 CTA|Learn more]]. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Four database fields will be removed from database replicas (including [[quarry:|Quarry]]). This affects only the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>abuse_filter</code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>abuse_filter_history</code></bdi> tables. Some queries might need to be updated. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361996] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/16|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W16"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:29, 15 Mata 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26564838 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-17</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W17"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/17|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Starting this week, newcomers editing Wikipedia [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Positive reinforcement#Leveling up 3|will be encouraged]] to try structured tasks. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature summary#Newcomer tasks|Structured tasks]] have been shown to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Personalized first day/Structured tasks/Add a link/Experiment analysis, December 2021|improve newcomer activation and retention]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T348086] * You can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award|nominate your favorite tools]] for the fifth edition of the Coolest Tool Award. Nominations will be open until May 10. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.2|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-23|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-24|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-25|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''Future changes''' * This is the last warning that by the end of May 2024 the Vector 2022 skin will no longer share site and user scripts/styles with old Vector. For user-scripts that you want to keep using on Vector 2022, copy the contents of [[{{#special:MyPage}}/vector.js]] to [[{{#special:MyPage}}/vector-2022.js]]. There are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Features/Loading Vector 2010 scripts|more technical details]] available. Interface administrators who foresee this leading to lots of technical support questions may wish to send a mass message to your community, as was done on French Wikipedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T362701] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/17|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W17"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:28, 22 Mata 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26647188 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-18</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W18"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/18|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' [[File:Talk_pages_default_look_(April_2023).jpg|thumb|alt=Screenshot of the visual improvements made on talk pages|Example of a talk page with the new design, in French.]] * The appearance of talk pages changed for the following wikis: {{int:project-localized-name-azwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-dewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hiwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-idwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ptwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-rowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-thwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ukwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-viwiki/en}}. These wikis participated to a test, where 50% of users got the new design, for one year. As this test [[Mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability/Analysis|gave positive results]], the new design is deployed on these wikis as the default design. It is possible to opt-out these changes [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|in user preferences]] ("{{int:discussiontools-preference-visualenhancements}}"). The deployment will happen at all wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341491] * Seven new wikis have been created: ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q33014|Betawi]] ([[w:bew:|<code>w:bew:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T357866] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q35708|Kusaal]] ([[w:kus:|<code>w:kus:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T359757] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q35513|Igala]] ([[w:igl:|<code>w:igl:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361644] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wiktionary}} in [[d:Q33541|Karakalpak]] ([[wikt:kaa:|<code>wikt:kaa:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T362135] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource}} in [[d:Q9228|Burmese]] ([[s:my:|<code>s:my:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361085] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource}} in [[d:Q9237|Malay]] ([[s:ms:|<code>s:ms:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T363039] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource}} in [[d:Q8108|Georgian]] ([[s:ka:|<code>s:ka:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T363085] * You can now [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Support#Early_access:_Watch_Message_Groups_on_Translatewiki.net watch message groups/projects] on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/translatewiki.net|Translatewiki.net]]. Initially, this feature will notify you of added or deleted messages in these groups. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T348501] * Dark mode is now available on all wikis, on mobile web for logged-in users who opt into the [[Special:MobileOptions|advanced mode]]. This is the early release of the feature. Technical editors are invited to [https://night-mode-checker.wmcloud.org/ check for accessibility issues on wikis]. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading/Updates/2024-04|more detailed guidelines]]. '''Problems''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] maps can use an alternative visual style without labels, by using <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mapstyle="osm"</nowiki></code></bdi>. This wasn't working in previews, creating the wrong impression that it wasn't supported. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T362531] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.3|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-30|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-01|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-02|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/18|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W18"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 03:34, 30 Mata 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26689057 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-19</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W19"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/19|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' [[File:Talk_pages_default_look_(April_2023).jpg|thumb|alt=Screenshot of the visual improvements made on talk pages|Example of a talk page with the new design, in French.]] * The appearance of talk pages changed for all wikis, except for Commons, Wikidata and most Wikipedias ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/18|a few]] have already received this design change). You can read the detail of the changes [[diffblog:2024/05/02/making-talk-pages-better-for-everyone/|on ''Diff'']]. It is possible to opt-out these changes [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|in user preferences]] ("{{int:discussiontools-preference-visualenhancements}}"). The deployment will happen at remaining wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352087][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T319146] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Interface admins now have greater control over the styling of article components on mobile with the introduction of the <code>SiteAdminHelper</code>. More information on how styles can be disabled can be found [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:WikimediaMessages#Site_admin_helper|at the extension's page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T363932] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise|Wikimedia Enterprise]] has added article body sections in JSON format and a curated short description field to the existing parsed Infobox. This expansion to the API is also available via Wikimedia Cloud Services. [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/article-sections-and-description/] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.4|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-07|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-08|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-09|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * When you look at the Special:Log page, the first view is labelled "All public logs", but it only shows some logs. This label will now say "Main public logs". [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T237729] '''Future changes''' * A new service will be built to replace [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph|Extension:Graph]]. Details can be found in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph/Plans|the latest update]] regarding this extension. * Starting May 21, English Wikipedia and German Wikipedia will get the possibility to activate "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]". This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to all Wikipedias]]. These communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|activate and configure the feature locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308144] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/19|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W19"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16:45, 6 Gicurasi 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26729363 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-20</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W20"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/20|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * On Wikisource there is a special page listing pages of works without corresponding scan images. Now you can use the new magic word <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>__EXPECTWITHOUTSCANS__</code></bdi> to exclude certain pages (list of editions or translations of works) from that list. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344214] * If you use the [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|user-preference]] "{{int:tog-uselivepreview}}", then the template-page feature "{{int:Templatesandbox-editform-legend}}" will now also work without reloading the page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T136907] * [[mw:Special:Mylanguage/Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] maps can now specify an alternative text via the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>alt=</nowiki></code></bdi> attribute. This is identical in usage to the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>alt=</nowiki></code></bdi> attribute in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Images#Syntax|image and gallery syntax]]. An exception for this feature is wikis like Wikivoyage where the miniature maps are interactive. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328137] * The old [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GuidedTour|Guided Tour]] for the "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit Review Improvements/New filters for edit review|New Filters for Edit Review]]" feature has been removed. It was created in 2017 to show people with older accounts how the interface had changed, and has now been seen by most of the intended people. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T217451] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.5|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-14|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-15|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-16|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The [[{{#special:search}}]] results page will now use CSS flex attributes, for better accessibility, instead of a table. If you have a gadget or script that adjusts search results, you should update your script to the new HTML structure. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T320295] '''Future changes''' * In the Vector 2022 skin, main pages will be displayed at full width (like special pages). The goal is to keep the number of characters per line large enough. This is related to the coming changes to typography in Vector 2022. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading/Updates|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T357706] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Two columns of the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:pagelinks table|pagelinks]]</code></bdi> database table (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>pl_namespace</code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>pl_title</code></bdi>) are being dropped soon. Users must use two columns of the new <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>[[mw:special:MyLanguage/Manual:linktarget table|linktarget]]</code></bdi> table instead (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>lt_namespace</code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>lt_title</code></bdi>). In your existing SQL queries: *# Replace <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>JOIN pagelinks</code></bdi> with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>JOIN linktarget</code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>pl_</code></bdi> with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>lt_</code></bdi> in the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>ON</code></bdi> statement *# Below that add <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>JOIN pagelinks ON lt_id = pl_target_id</code></bdi> ** See <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[phab:T222224]]</bdi> for technical reasoning. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T222224][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T299947] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/20|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W20"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:59, 13 Gicurasi 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26762074 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-21</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W21"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/21|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Nuke|Nuke]] feature, which enables administrators to mass delete pages, will now correctly delete pages which were moved to another title. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T43351] * New changes have been made to the UploadWizard in Wikimedia Commons: the overall layout has been improved, by following new styling and spacing for the form and its fields; the headers and helper text for each of the fields was changed; the Caption field is now a required field, and there is an option for users to copy their caption into the media description. [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:WMF_support_for_Commons/Upload_Wizard_Improvements#Changes_to_%22Describe%22_workflow][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361049] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.6|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-21|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-22|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-23|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The HTML used to render all headings [[mw:Heading_HTML_changes|is being changed to improve accessibility]]. It will change on 22 May in some skins (Timeless, Modern, CologneBlue, Nostalgia, and Monobook). Please test gadgets on your wiki on these skins and [[phab:T13555|report any related problems]] so that they can be resolved before this change is made in all other skins. The developers are also considering the introduction of a [[phab:T337286|Gadget API for adding buttons to section titles]] if that would be helpful to tool creators, and would appreciate any input you have on that. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/21|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W21"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:04, 20 Gicurasi 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26786311 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-22</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W22"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/22|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Several bugs related to the latest updates to the UploadWizard on Wikimedia Commons have been fixed. For more information, see [[:phab:T365107|T365107]] and [[:phab:T365119|T365119]]. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] In March 2024 a new [[mw:ResourceLoader/Core_modules#addPortlet|addPortlet]] API was added to allow gadgets to create new portlets (menus) in the skin. In certain skins this can be used to create dropdowns. Gadget developers are invited to try it and [[phab:T361661|give feedback]]. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Some CSS in the Minerva skin has been removed to enable easier community configuration. Interface editors should check the rendering on mobile devices for aspects related to the classes: <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>.collapsible</code></bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>.multicol</code></bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>.reflist</code></bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>.coordinates</code></bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>.topicon</code></bdi>. [[phab:T361659|Further details are available on replacement CSS]] if it is needed. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.7|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-28|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-29|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-30|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * When you visit a wiki where you don't yet have a local account, local rules such as edit filters can sometimes prevent your account from being created. Starting this week, MediaWiki takes your global rights into account when evaluating whether you can override such local rules. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T316303] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/22|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W22"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:15, 28 Gicurasi 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26832205 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-23</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W23"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/23|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * It is now possible for local administrators to add new links to the bottom of the site Tools menu without JavaScript. [[mw:Manual:Interface/Sidebar#Add or remove toolbox sections|Documentation is available]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T6086] * The message name for the definition of the tracking category of WikiHiero has changed from "<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>MediaWiki:Wikhiero-usage-tracking-category</code></bdi>" to "<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>MediaWiki:Wikihiero-usage-tracking-category</code></bdi>". [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/c/mediawiki/extensions/wikihiero/+/1035855] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q5317225|Kadazandusun]] ([[w:dtp:|<code>w:dtp:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T365220] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.8|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-04|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-05|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-06|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''Future changes''' * Next week, on wikis with the Vector 2022 skin as the default, logged-out desktop users will be able to choose between different font sizes. The default font size will also be increased for them. This is to make Wikimedia projects easier to read. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading/Updates/2024-06 deployments|Learn more]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/23|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W23"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:35, 3 Kamena 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26844397 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-24</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W24"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/24|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The software used to render SVG files has been updated to a new version, fixing many longstanding bugs in SVG rendering. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T265549] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The HTML used to render all headings [[mw:Heading HTML changes|is being changed to improve accessibility]]. It was changed last week in some skins (Vector legacy and Minerva). Please test gadgets on your wiki on these skins and [[phab:T13555|report any related problems]] so that they can be resolved before this change is made in Vector-2022. The developers are still considering the introduction of a [[phab:T337286|Gadget API for adding buttons to section titles]] if that would be helpful to tool creators, and would appreciate any input you have on that. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The HTML markup used for citations by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid|Parsoid]] changed last week. In places where Parsoid previously added the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>mw-reference-text</code></bdi> class, Parsoid now also adds the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>reference-text</code></bdi> class for better compatibility with the legacy parser. [[mw:Specs/HTML/2.8.0/Extensions/Cite/Announcement|More details are available]]. [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/1036705] '''Problems''' * There was a bug with the Content Translation interface that caused the tools menus to appear in the wrong location. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366374] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.9|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-11|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-12|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-13|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The new version of MediaWiki includes another change to the HTML markup used for citations: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid|Parsoid]] will now generate a <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki><span class="mw-cite-backlink"></nowiki></code></bdi> wrapper for both named and unnamed references for better compatibility with the legacy parser. Interface administrators should verify that gadgets that interact with citations are compatible with the new markup. [[mw:Specs/HTML/2.8.0/Extensions/Cite/Announcement|More details are available]]. [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/1035809] * On multilingual wikis that use the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki><translate></nowiki></code></bdi> system, there is a feature that shows potentially-outdated translations with a pink background until they are updated or confirmed. From this week, confirming translations will be logged, and there is a new user-right that can be required for confirming translations if the community [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Requesting wiki configuration changes|requests it]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T49177] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/24|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W24"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:20, 10 Kamena 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26893898 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-25</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W25"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/25|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * People who attempt to add an external link in the visual editor will now receive immediate feedback if they attempt to link to a domain that a project has decided to block. Please see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit_check#11_June_2024|Edit check]] for more details. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366751] * The new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CommunityConfiguration|Community Configuration extension]] is available [[testwiki:Special:CommunityConfiguration|on Test Wikipedia]]. This extension allows communities to customize specific features to meet their local needs. Currently only Growth features are configurable, but the extension will support other [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Community_configuration#Use_cases|Community Configuration use cases]] in the future. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T323811][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T360954] * The dark mode [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]] is now available on category and help pages, as well as more special pages. There may be contrast issues. Please report bugs on the [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Accessibility_for_reading|project talk page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366370] '''Problems''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Cloud Services tools were not available for 25 minutes last week. This was caused by a faulty hardware cable in the data center. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incidents/2024-06-11_WMCS_Ceph] * Last week, styling updates were made to the Vector 2022 skin. This caused unforeseen issues with templates, hatnotes, and images. Changes to templates and hatnotes were reverted. Most issues with images were fixed. If you still see any, [[phab:T367463|report them here]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T367480] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.10|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-18|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-19|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-20|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * Starting June 18, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#ref|Reference Edit Check]] will be deployed to [[phab:T361843|a new set of Wikipedias]]. This feature is intended to help newcomers and to assist edit-patrollers by inviting people who are adding new content to a Wikipedia article to add a citation when they do not do so themselves. During [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit_check#Reference_Check_A/B_Test|a test at 11 wikis]], the number of citations added [https://diff.wikimedia.org/?p=127553 more than doubled] when Reference Check was shown to people. Reference Check is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Configuration|community configurable]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361843]<!-- NOTE: THE DIFF BLOG WILL BE PUBLISHED ON MONDAY --> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Mailing_lists|Mailing lists]] will be unavailable for roughly two hours on Tuesday 10:00–12:00 UTC. This is to enable migration to a new server and upgrade its software. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T367521] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/25|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W25"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:49, 17 Kamena 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26911987 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-26</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W26"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/26|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Editors will notice that there have been some changes to the background color of text in the diff view, and the color of the byte-change numbers, last week. These changes are intended to make text more readable in both light mode and dark mode, and are part of a larger effort to increase accessibility. You can share your comments or questions [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading|on the project talkpage]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361717] * The text colors that are used for visited-links, hovered-links, and active-links, were also slightly changed last week to improve their accessibility in both light mode and dark mode. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366515] '''Problems''' * You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#Talk pages permalinking|copy permanent links to talk page comments]] by clicking on a comment's timestamp. [[mw:Talk pages project/Permalinks|This feature]] did not always work when the topic title was very long and the link was used as a wikitext link. This has been fixed. Thanks to Lofhi for submitting the bug. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T356196] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.11|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-25|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-26|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-27|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * Starting 26 June, all talk pages messages' timestamps will become a link at English Wikipedia, making this feature available for you to use at all wikis. This link is a permanent link to the comment. It allows users to find the comment they were linked to, even if this comment has since been moved elsewhere. You can read more about this feature [[DiffBlog:/2024/01/29/talk-page-permalinks-dont-lose-your-threads/|on Diff]] or [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#Talk pages permalinking|on Mediawiki.org]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T365974] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/26|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W26"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:33, 24 Kamena 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26989424 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-27</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W27"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/27|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Over the next three weeks, dark mode will become available for all users, both logged-in and logged-out, starting with the mobile web version. This fulfils one of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community_Wishlist_Survey_2023/Reading/Dark_mode|top-requested community wishes]], and improves low-contrast reading and usage in low-light settings. As part of these changes, dark mode will also work on User-pages and Portals. There is more information in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility_for_reading/Updates#June_2024:_Typography_and_dark_mode_deployments,_new_global_preferences|the latest Web team update]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366364] * Logged-in users can now set [[m:Special:GlobalPreferences#mw-prefsection-rendering-skin-skin-prefs|global preferences for the text-size and dark-mode]], thanks to a combined effort across Foundation teams. This allows Wikimedians using multiple wikis to set up a consistent reading experience easily, for example by switching between light and dark mode only once for all wikis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341278] * If you use a very old web browser some features might not work on the Wikimedia wikis. This affects Internet Explorer 11 and versions of Chrome, Firefox and Safari older than 2016. This change makes it possible to use new [[d:Q46441|CSS]] features and to send less code to all readers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T288287][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:How_to_make_a_MediaWiki_skin#Using_CSS_variables_for_supporting_different_themes_e.g._dark_mode] * Wikipedia Admins can customize local wiki configuration options easily using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Community Configuration|Community Configuration]]. Community Configuration was created to allow communities to customize how some features work, because each language wiki has unique needs. At the moment, admins can configure [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature_summary|Growth features]] on their home wikis, in order to better recruit and retain new editors. More options will be provided in the coming months. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366458] * Editors interested in language issues that are related to [[w:en:Unicode|Unicode standards]], can now discuss those topics at [[mw:Talk:WMF membership with Unicode Consortium|a new conversation space in MediaWiki.org]]. The Wikimedia Foundation is now a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/WMF membership with Unicode Consortium|member of the Unicode Consortium]], and the coordination group can collaboratively review the issues discussed and, where appropriate, bring them to the attention of the Unicode Consortium. * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q2891049|Mandailing]] ([[w:btm:|<code>w:btm:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368038] '''Problems''' * Editors can once again click on links within the visual editor's citation-preview, thanks to a bug fix by the Editing Team. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368119] '''Future changes''' * Please [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/758713?lang=en help us to improve Tech News by taking this short survey]. The goal is to better meet the needs of the various types of people who read Tech News. The survey will be open for 2 weeks. The survey is covered by [https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Legal:Tech_News_Survey_2024_Privacy_Statement this privacy statement]. Some translations are available. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/27|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W27"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:59, 1 Nyakanga 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27038456 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-28</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W28"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/28|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * At the Wikimedia Foundation a new task force was formed to replace the disabled Graph with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project|more secure, easy to use, and extensible Chart]]. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Newsletter:Chart Project|subscribe to the newsletter]] to get notified about new project updates and other news about Chart. * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents]] extension is now available on Meta-wiki, Igbo Wikipedia, and Swahili Wikipedia, and can be requested on your wiki. This extension helps in managing and making events more visible, giving Event organizers the ability to use tools like the Event registration tool. To learn more about the deployment status and how to request this extension for your wiki, visit the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment_status|CampaignEvents page on Meta-wiki]]. * Editors using the iOS Wikipedia app who have more than 50 edits can now use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/iOS Suggested edits#Add an image|Add an Image]] feature. This feature presents opportunities for small but useful contributions to Wikipedia. * Thank you to [[mw:MediaWiki Product Insights/Contributor retention and growth/Celebration|all of the authors]] who have contributed to MediaWiki Core. As a result of these contributions, the [[mw:MediaWiki Product Insights/Contributor retention and growth|percentage of authors contributing more than 5 patches has increased by 25% since last year]], which helps ensure the sustainability of the platform for the Wikimedia projects. '''Problems''' * A problem with the color of the talkpage tabs always showing as blue, even for non-existent pages which should have been red, affecting the Vector 2022 skin, [[phab:T367982|has been fixed]]. '''Future changes''' * The Trust and Safety Product team wants to introduce [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] with as little disruption to tools and workflows as possible. Volunteer developers, including gadget and user-script maintainers, are kindly asked to update the code of their tools and features to handle temporary accounts. The team has [[mw:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers|created documentation]] explaining how to do the update. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers/2024-04 CTA|Learn more]]. '''Tech News survey''' * Please [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/758713?lang=en help us to improve Tech News by taking this short survey]. The goal is to better meet the needs of the various types of people who read Tech News. The survey will be open for 1 more week. The survey is covered by [https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Legal:Tech_News_Survey_2024_Privacy_Statement this privacy statement]. Some translations are available. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/28|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W28"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:32, 8 Nyakanga 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27080357 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-29</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W29"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/29|Translations]] are available. '''Tech News survey''' * Please [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/758713?lang=en help us to improve Tech News by taking this short survey]. The goal is to better meet the needs of the various types of people who read Tech News. The survey will be open for 3 more days. The survey is covered by [https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Legal:Tech_News_Survey_2024_Privacy_Statement this privacy statement]. Some translations are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Wikimedia developers can now officially continue to use both [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Gerrit|Gerrit]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]], due to a June 24 decision by the Wikimedia Foundation to support software development on both platforms. Gerrit and GitLab are both code repositories used by developers to write, review, and deploy the software code that supports the MediaWiki software that the wiki projects are built on, as well as the tools used by editors to create and improve content. This decision will safeguard the productivity of our developers and prevent problems in code review from affecting our users. More details are available in the [[mw:GitLab/Migration status|Migration status]] page. * The Wikimedia Foundation seeks applicants for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Proposal|Product and Technology Advisory Council]] (PTAC). This group will bring technical contributors and Wikimedia Foundation together to co-define a more resilient, future-proof technological platform. Council members will evaluate and consult on the movement's product and technical activities, so that we develop multi-generational projects. We are looking for a range of technical contributors across the globe, from a variety of Wikimedia projects. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Proposal#Joining the PTAC as a technical volunteer|Please apply here by August 10]]. * Editors with rollback user-rights who use the Wikipedia App for Android can use the new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/Anti Vandalism|Edit Patrol]] features. These features include a new feed of Recent Changes, related links such as Undo and Rollback, and the ability to create and save a personal library of user talk messages to use while patrolling. If your wiki wants to make these features available to users who do not have rollback rights but have reached a certain edit threshold, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android#Contact us|you can contact the team]]. You can [[diffblog:2024/07/10/ِaddressing-vandalism-with-a-tap-the-journey-of-introducing-the-patrolling-feature-in-the-mobile-app/|read more about this project on Diff blog]]. * Editors who have access to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/The_Wikipedia_Library|The Wikipedia Library]] can once again use non-open access content in SpringerLinks, after the Foundation [[phab:T368865|contacted]] them to restore access. You can read more about [[m:Tech/News/Recently_resolved_community_tasks|this and 21 other community-submitted tasks that were completed last week]]. '''Changes later this week''' * This week, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading/Updates/2024-07 deployments|dark mode will be available on a number of Wikipedias]], both desktop and mobile, for logged-in and logged-out users. Interface admins and user script maintainers are encouraged to check gadgets and user scripts in the dark mode, to find any hard-coded colors and fix them. There are some [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Recommendations for night mode compatibility on Wikimedia wikis|recommendations for dark mode compatibility]] to help. '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Next week, functionaries, volunteers maintaining tools, and software development teams are invited to test the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] feature on testwiki. Temporary accounts is a feature that will help improve privacy on the wikis. No further temporary account deployments are scheduled yet. Please [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|share your opinions and questions on the project talk page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T348895] * Editors who upload files cross-wiki, or teach other people how to do so, may wish to join a Wikimedia Commons discussion. The Commons community is discussing limiting who can upload files through the cross-wiki upload/Upload dialog feature to users auto-confirmed on Wikimedia Commons. This is due to the large amount of copyright violations uploaded this way. There is a short summary at [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Cross-wiki upload|Commons:Cross-wiki upload]] and [[c:Commons:Village pump/Proposals#Deactivate cross-wiki uploads for new users|discussion at Commons:Village Pump]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/29|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' You can also get other news from the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin]]. </div><section end="technews-2024-W29"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:31, 16 Nyakanga 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27124561 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-30</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W30"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/30|Translations]] are available. '''Feature News''' * Stewards can now [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_blocks|globally block]] accounts. Before [[phab:T17294|the change]] only IP addresses and IP ranges could be blocked globally. Global account blocks are useful when the blocked user should not be logged out. [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_locks|Global locks]] (a similar tool logging the user out of their account) are unaffected by this change. The new global account block feature is related to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|Temporary Accounts]] project, which is a new type of user account that replaces IP addresses of unregistered editors that are no longer made public. * Later this week, Wikimedia site users will notice that the Interface of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:FlaggedRevs|FlaggedRevs]] (also known as "Pending Changes") is improved and consistent with the rest of the MediaWiki interface and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|Wikimedia's design system]]. The FlaggedRevs interface experience on mobile and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:MinervaNeue|Minerva skin]] was inconsistent before it was fixed and ported to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|Codex]] by the WMF Growth team and some volunteers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T191156] * Wikimedia site users can now submit account vanishing requests via [[m:Special:GlobalVanishRequest|GlobalVanishRequest]]. This feature is used when a contributor wishes to stop editing forever. It helps you hide your past association and edit to protect your privacy. Once processed, the account will be locked and renamed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T367329] * Have you tried monitoring and addressing vandalism in Wikipedia using your phone? [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/10/%d9%90addressing-vandalism-with-a-tap-the-journey-of-introducing-the-patrolling-feature-in-the-mobile-app/ A Diff blog post on Patrolling features in the Mobile App] highlights some of the new capabilities of the feature, including swiping through a feed of recent changes and a personal library of user talk messages for use when patrolling from your phone. * Wikimedia contributors and GLAM (galleries, libraries, archives, and museums) organisations can now learn and measure the impact Wikimedia Commons is having towards creating quality encyclopedic content using the [https://doc.wikimedia.org/generated-data-platform/aqs/analytics-api/reference/commons.html Commons Impact Metrics] analytics dashboard. The dashboard offers organizations analytics on things like monthly edits in a category, the most viewed files, and which Wikimedia articles are using Commons images. As a result of these new data dumps, GLAM organisation can more reliably measure their return on investment for programs bringing content into the digital Commons. [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/19/commons-impact-metrics-now-available-via-data-dumps-and-api/] '''Project Updates''' * Come share your ideas for improving the wikis on the newly reopened [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist|Community Wishlist]]. The Community Wishlist is Wikimedia’s forum for volunteers to share ideas (called wishes) to improve how the wikis work. The new version of the wishlist is always open, works with both wikitext and Visual Editor, and allows wishes in any language. '''Learn more''' * Have you ever wondered how Wikimedia software works across over 300 languages? This is 253 languages more than the Google Chrome interface, and it's no accident. The Language and Product Localization Team at the Wikimedia Foundation supports your work by adapting all the tools and interfaces in the MediaWiki software so that contributors in our movement who translate pages and strings can translate them and have the sites in all languages. Read more about the team and their upcoming work on [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/17/building-towards-a-robust-multilingual-knowledge-ecosystem-for-the-wikimedia-movement/ Diff]. * How can Wikimedia build innovative and experimental products while maintaining such heavily used websites? A recent [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/09/on-the-value-of-experimentation/ blog post] by WMF staff Johan Jönsson highlights the work of the [[m:Future Audiences#Objectives and Key Results|WMF Future Audience initiative]], where the goal is not to build polished products but test out new ideas, such as a [[m:Future_Audiences/Experiments: conversational/generative AI|ChatGPT plugin]] and [[m:Future_Audiences/Experiment:Add a Fact|Add a Fact]], to help take Wikimedia into the future. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/30|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' You can also get other news from the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin]]. </div><section end="technews-2024-W30"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:04, 23 Nyakanga 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27142915 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-31</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W31"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/31|Translations]] are available. '''Feature news''' * Editors using the Visual Editor in languages that use non-Latin characters for numbers, such as Hindi, Manipuri and Eastern Arabic, may notice some changes in the formatting of reference numbers. This is a side effect of preparing a new sub-referencing feature, and will also allow fixing some general numbering issues in Visual Editor. If you notice any related problems on your wiki, please share details at the [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|project talkpage]]. '''Bugs status''' * Some logged-in editors were briefly unable to edit or load pages last week. [[phab:T370304|These errors]] were mainly due to the addition of new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Linter|linter]] rules which led to caching problems. Fixes have been applied and investigations are continuing. * Editors can use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/IP Info|IP Information tool]] to get information about IP addresses. This tool is available as a Beta Feature in your preferences. The tool was not available for a few days last week, but is now working again. Thank you to Shizhao for filing the bug report. You can read about that, and [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks#2024-07-25|28 other community-submitted tasks]] that were resolved last week. '''Project updates''' * There are new features and improvements to Phabricator from the Release Engineering and Collaboration Services teams, and some volunteers, including: the search systems, the new task creation system, the login systems, the translation setup which has resulted in support for more languages (thanks to Pppery), and fixes for many edge-case errors. You can [[phab:phame/post/view/316/iterative_improvements/|read details about these and other improvements in this summary]]. * There is an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates|update on the Charts project]]. The team has decided which visualization library to use, which chart types to start focusing on, and where to store chart definitions. * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikivoyage}} in [[d:Q9056|Czech]] ([[voy:cs:|<code>voy:cs:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370905] '''Learn more''' * There is a [[diffblog:2024/07/26/the-journey-to-open-our-first-data-center-in-south-america/|new Wikimedia Foundation data center]] in São Paulo, Brazil which helps to reduce load times. * There is new [[diffblog:2024/07/22/the-perplexing-process-of-uploading-images-to-wikipedia/|user research]] on problems with the process of uploading images. * Commons Impact Metrics are [[diffblog:2024/07/19/commons-impact-metrics-now-available-via-data-dumps-and-api/|now available]] via data dumps and API. * The latest quarterly [[mw:Technical Community Newsletter/2024/July|Technical Community Newsletter]] is now available. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/31|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W31"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:11, 29 Nyakanga 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27164109 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-32</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W32"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/32|Translations]] are available. '''Feature news''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Two new parser functions will be available this week: <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic_words#dir|#dir]]<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> and <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic_words#bcp47|#bcp47]]<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code>. These will reduce the need for <code>Template:Dir</code> and <code>Template:BCP47</code> on Commons and allow us to [[phab:T343131|drop 100 million rows]] from the "what links here" database. Editors at any wiki that use these templates, can help by replacing the templates with these new functions. The templates at Commons will be updated during the Hackathon at Wikimania. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T359761][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366623] * Communities can request the activation of the visual editor on entire namespaces where discussions sometimes happen (for instance ''Wikipedia:'' or ''Wikisource:'' namespaces) if they understand the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/FAQ#WPNS|known limitations]]. For discussions, users can already use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] in these namespaces. * The tracking category "Pages using Timeline" has been renamed to "Pages using the EasyTimeline extension" [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3ATimeline-tracking-category&namespace=8 in TranslateWiki]. Wikis that have created the category locally should rename their local creation to match. '''Project updates''' * Editors who help to organize WikiProjects and similar on-wiki collaborations, are invited to share ideas and examples of successful collaborations with the Campaigns and Programs teams. You can fill out [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Campaigns/WikiProjects|a brief survey]] or share your thoughts [[m:Talk:Campaigns/WikiProjects|on the talkpage]]. The teams are particularly looking for details about successful collaborations on non-English wikis. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] The new parser is being rolled out on {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikivoyage}} wikis over the next few months. The {{int:project-localized-name-enwikivoyage}} and {{int:project-localized-name-hewikivoyage}} were [[phab:T365367|switched]] to Parsoid last week. For more information, see [[mw:Parsoid/Parser_Unification|Parsoid/Parser Unification]]. '''Learn more''' * There will be more than 200 sessions at Wikimania this week. Here is a summary of some of the [[diffblog:2024/08/05/interested-in-product-and-tech-here-are-some-wikimania-sessions-you-dont-want-to-miss/|key sessions related to the product and technology area]]. * The latest [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2024/07-02|Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin]] is available. * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2024/July|Language and Internationalization newsletter]] is available. It includes: New design previews for Translatable pages; Updates about MinT for Wiki Readers; the release of Translation dumps; and more. * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters/31|Growth newsletter]] is available. * The latest monthly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Reports/July 2024|MediaWiki Product Insights newsletter]] is available. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/32|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W32"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:43, 5 Kanama 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27233905 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-33</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W33"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/33|Translations]] are available. '''Feature news''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]] editors and maintainers can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter/Actions#Show a CAPTCHA|make a CAPTCHA show if a filter matches an edit]]. This allows communities to quickly respond to spamming by automated bots. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T20110] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Stewards|Stewards]] can now specify if global blocks should prevent account creation. Before [[phab:T17273|this change]] by the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product|Trust and Safety Product]] Team, all global blocks would prevent account creation. This will allow stewards to reduce the unintended side-effects of global blocks on IP addresses. '''Project updates''' * [[wikitech:Help talk:Toolforge/Toolforge standards committee#August_2024_committee_nominations|Nominations are open on Wikitech]] for new members to refresh the [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Toolforge standards committee|Toolforge standards committee]]. The committee oversees the Toolforge [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Right to fork policy|Right to fork policy]] and [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Abandoned tool policy|Abandoned tool policy]] among other duties. Nominations will remain open until at least 2024-08-26. * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q2880037|West Coast Bajau]] ([[w:bdr:|<code>w:bdr:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T371757] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/33|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W33"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:22, 12 Kanama 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27253654 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-34</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W34"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/34|Translations]] are available. '''Feature news''' * Editors who want to re-use references but with different details such as page numbers, will be able to do so by the end of 2024, using a new [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Sub-referencing in a nutshell|sub-referencing]] feature. You can read more [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|about the project]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Test|how to test the prototype]]. * Editors using tracking categories to identify which pages use specific extensions may notice that six of the categories have been renamed to make them more easily understood and consistent. These categories are automatically added to pages that use specialized MediaWiki extensions. The affected names are for: [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Aintersection-category&namespace=8 DynamicPageList], [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Akartographer-tracking-category&namespace=8 Kartographer], [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Aphonos-tracking-category&namespace=8 Phonos], [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Arss-tracking-category&namespace=8 RSS], [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Ascore-use-category&namespace=8 Score], [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Awikihiero-usage-tracking-category&namespace=8 WikiHiero]. Wikis that have created the category locally should rename their local creation to match. Thanks to Pppery for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T347324] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Technical volunteers who edit modules and want to get a list of the categories used on a page, can now do so using the <code><bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">categories</bdi></code> property of <code><bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">[[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#Title objects|mw.title objects]]</bdi></code>. This enables wikis to configure workflows such as category-specific edit notices. Thanks to SD001 for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T50175][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T85372] '''Bugs status''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Your help is needed to check if any pages need to be moved or deleted. A maintenance script was run to clean up unreachable pages (due to Unicode issues or introduction of new namespaces/namespace aliases). The script tried to find appropriate names for the pages (e.g. by following the Unicode changes or by moving pages whose titles on Wikipedia start with <code>Talk:WP:</code> so that their titles start with <code>Wikipedia talk:</code>), but it may have failed for some pages, and moved them to <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">[[Special:PrefixIndex/T195546/]]</bdi> instead. Your community should check if any pages are listed there, and move them to the correct titles, or delete them if they are no longer needed. A full log (including pages for which appropriate names could be found) is available in [[phab:P67388]]. * Editors who volunteer as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Mentorship|mentors]] to newcomers on their wiki are once again able to access lists of potential mentees who they can connect with to offer help and guidance. This functionality was restored thanks to [[phab:T372164|a bug fix]]. Thank you to Mbch331 for filing the bug report. You can read about that, and 18 other community-submitted tasks that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Project updates''' * The application deadline for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Proposal|Product & Technology Advisory Council]] (PTAC) has been extended to September 16. Members will help by providing advice to Foundation Product and Technology leadership on short and long term plans, on complex strategic problems, and help to get feedback from more contributors and technical communities. Selected members should expect to spend roughly 5 hours per month for the Council, during the one year pilot. Please consider applying, and spread the word to volunteers you think would make a positive contribution to the committee. '''Learn more''' * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award#2024 Winners|2024 Coolest Tool Awards]] were awarded at Wikimania, in seven categories. For example, one award went to the ISA Tool, used for adding structured data to files on Commons, which was recently improved during the [[m:Event:Wiki Mentor Africa ISA Hackathon 2024|Wiki Mentor Africa Hackathon]]. You can see video demonstrations of each tool at the awards page. Congratulations to this year's recipients, and thank you to all tool creators and maintainers. * The latest [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2024/08-01|Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin]] is available, and includes some highlights from Wikimania, an upcoming Language community meeting, and other news from the movement. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/34|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W34"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:54, 20 Kanama 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27307284 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-35</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W35"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/35|Translations]] are available. '''Feature news''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Administrators can now test the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] feature on test2wiki. This was done to allow cross-wiki testing of temporary accounts, for when temporary accounts switch between projects. The feature was enabled on testwiki a few weeks ago. No further temporary account deployments are scheduled yet. Temporary Accounts is a project to create a new type of user account that replaces IP addresses of unregistered editors which are no longer made public. Please [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|share your opinions and questions on the project talk page]]. * Later this week, editors at wikis that use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:FlaggedRevs|FlaggedRevs]] (also known as "Pending Changes") may notice that the indicators at the top of articles have changed. This change makes the system more consistent with the rest of the MediaWiki interface. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T191156] '''Bugs status''' * Editors who use the 2010 wikitext editor, and use the Character Insert buttons, will [[phab:T361465|no longer]] experience problems with the buttons adding content into the edit-summary instead of the edit-window. You can read more about that, and 26 other community-submitted tasks that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Project updates''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] Please review and vote on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas|Focus Areas]], which are groups of wishes that share a problem. Focus Areas were created for the newly reopened Community Wishlist, which is now open year-round for submissions. The first batch of focus areas are specific to moderator workflows, around welcoming newcomers, minimizing repetitive tasks, and prioritizing tasks. Once volunteers have reviewed and voted on focus areas, the Foundation will then review and select focus areas for prioritization. * Do you have a project and are willing to provide a three (3) month mentorship for an intern? [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Outreachy|Outreachy]] is a twice a year program for people to participate in a paid internship that will start in December 2024 and end in early March 2025, and they need mentors and projects to work on. Projects can be focused on coding or non-coding (design, documentation, translation, research). See the Outreachy page for more details, and a list of past projects since 2013. '''Learn more''' * If you're curious about the product and technology improvements made by the Wikimedia Foundation last year, read [[diffblog:2024/08/21/wikimedia-foundation-product-technology-improving-the-user-experience/|this recent highlights summary on Diff]]. * To learn more about the technology behind the Wikimedia projects, you can now watch sessions from the technology track at Wikimania 2024 on Commons. This week, check out: ** [[c:File:Wikimania 2024 - Ohrid - Day 2 - Community Configuration - Shaping On-Wiki Functionality Together.webm|Community Configuration - Shaping On-Wiki Functionality Together]] (55 mins) - about the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Community Configuration|Community Configuration]] project. ** [[c:File:Wikimania 2024 - Belgrade - Day 1 - Future of MediaWiki. A sustainable platform to support a collaborative user base and billions of page views.webm|Future of MediaWiki. A sustainable platform to support a collaborative user base and billions of page views]] (30 mins) - an overview for both technical and non technical audiences, covering some of the challenges and open questions, related to the [[mw:MediaWiki Product Insights|platform evolution, stewardship and developer experiences]] research. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/35|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W35"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:34, 26 Kanama 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27341211 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-36</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W36"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/36|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Editors and volunteer developers interested in data visualisation can now test the new software for charts. Its early version is available on beta Commons and beta Wikipedia. This is an important milestone before making charts available on regular wikis. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates|read more about this project update]] and help to test the charts. '''Feature news''' * Editors who use the [[{{#special:Unusedtemplates}}]] page can now filter out pages which are expected to be there permanently, such as sandboxes, test-cases, and templates that are always substituted. Editors can add the new magic word [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#EXPECTUNUSEDTEMPLATE|<code dir="ltr"><nowiki>__EXPECTUNUSEDTEMPLATE__</nowiki></code>]] to a template page to hide it from the listing. Thanks to Sophivorus and DannyS712 for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T184633] * Editors who use the New Topic tool on discussion pages, will [[phab:T334163|now be reminded]] to add a section header, which should help reduce the quantity of newcomers who add sections without a header. You can read more about that, and {{formatnum:28}} other community-submitted tasks that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. * Last week, some Toolforge tools had occasional connection problems. The cause is still being investigated, but the problems have been resolved for now. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373243] * Translation administrators at multilingual wikis, when editing multiple translation units, can now easily mark which changes require updates to the translation. This is possible with the [[phab:T298852#10087288|new dropdown menu]]. '''Project updates''' * A new draft text of a policy discussing the use of Wikimedia's APIs [[m:Special:MyLanguage/API Policy Update 2024|has been published on Meta-Wiki]]. The draft text does not reflect a change in policy around the APIs; instead, it is an attempt to codify existing API rules. Comments, questions, and suggestions are welcome on [[m:Talk:API Policy Update 2024|the proposed update’s talk page]] until September 13 or until those discussions have concluded. '''Learn more''' * To learn more about the technology behind the Wikimedia projects, you can now watch sessions from the technology track at Wikimania 2024 on Commons. This week, check out: ** [[c:File:Wikimania 2024 - Ohrid - Day 2 - Charts, the successor of Graphs - A secure and extensible tool for data visualization.webm|Charts, the successor of Graphs - A secure and extensible tool for data visualization]] (25 mins) – about the above-mentioned Charts project. ** [[c:File:Wikimania 2024 - Ohrid - Day 3 - State of Language Technology and Onboarding at Wikimedia.webm|State of Language Technology and Onboarding at Wikimedia]] (90 mins) – about some of the language tools that support Wikimedia sites, such as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation|Content]]/[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation/Section translation|Section Translation]], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MinT|MinT]], and LanguageConverter; also the current state and future of languages onboarding. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368772] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/36|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W36"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:08, 3 Nzeri 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27390268 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-37</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W37"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/37|Translations]] are available. '''Feature news''' * Starting this week, the standard [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|syntax highlighter]] will receive new colors that make them compatible in dark mode. This is the first of many changes to come as part of a major upgrade to syntax highlighting. You can learn more about what's to come on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|help page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T365311][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T259059] * Editors of wikis using Wikidata will now be notified of only relevant Wikidata changes in their watchlist. This is because the Lua functions <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>entity:getSitelink()</code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>mw.wikibase.getSitelink(qid)</code></bdi> will have their logic unified for tracking different aspects of sitelinks to reduce junk notifications from [[m:Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects/Projects/Watchlist Wikidata Sitelinks Tracking|inconsistent sitelinks tracking]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T295356] '''Project updates''' * Users of all Wikis will have access to Wikimedia sites as read-only for a few minutes on September 25, starting at 15:00 UTC. This is a planned datacenter switchover for maintenance purposes. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370962] * Contributors of [[phab:T363538#10123348|11 Wikipedias]], including English will have a new <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>MOS</code></bdi> namespace added to their Wikipedias. This improvement ensures that links beginning with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>MOS:</code></bdi> (usually shortcuts to the [[w:en:Wikipedia:Manual of Style|Manual of Style]]) are not broken by [[w:en:Mooré|Mooré]] Wikipedia (language code <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>mos</code></bdi>). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T363538] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/37|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W37"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:53, 9 Nzeri 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27424457 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-38</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W38"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/38|Translations]] are available. '''Improvements and Maintenance''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] Editors interested in templates can help by reading the latest Wishlist focus area, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas/Template recall and discovery|Template recall and discovery]], and share your feedback on the talkpage. This input helps the Community Tech team to decide the right technical approach to build. Everyone is also encouraged to continue adding [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist|new wishes]]. * The new automated [[{{#special:NamespaceInfo}}]] page helps editors understand which [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Namespaces|namespaces]] exist on each wiki, and some details about how they are configured. Thanks to DannyS712 for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T263513] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Reference check|References Check]] is a feature that encourages editors to add a citation when they add a new paragraph to a Wikipedia article. For a short time, the corresponding tag "Edit Check (references) activated" was erroneously being applied to some edits outside of the main namespace. This has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373692] * It is now possible for a wiki community to change the order in which a page’s categories are displayed on their wiki. By default, categories are displayed in the order they appear in the wikitext. Now, wikis with a consensus to do so can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Requesting wiki configuration changes|request]] a configuration change to display them in alphabetical order. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373480] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Tool authors can now access ToolsDB's [[wikitech:Portal:Data Services#ToolsDB|public databases]] from both [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Research:Quarry|Quarry]] and [[wikitech:Superset|Superset]]. Those databases have always been accessible to every [[wikitech:Portal:Toolforge|Toolforge]] user, but they are now more broadly accessible, as Quarry can be accessed by anyone with a Wikimedia account. In addition, Quarry's internal database can now be [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Research:Quarry#Querying Quarry's own database|queried from Quarry itself]]. This database contains information about all queries that are being run and starred by users in Quarry. This information was already public through the web interface, but you can now query it using SQL. You can read more about that, and {{formatnum:20}} other community-submitted tasks that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. * Any pages or tools that still use the very old CSS classes <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>mw-message-box</code></bdi> need to be updated. These old classes will be removed next week or soon afterwards. Editors can use a [https://global-search.toolforge.org/?q=mw-message-box&regex=1&namespaces=&title= global-search] to determine what needs to be changed. It is possible to use the newer <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>cdx-message</code></bdi> group of classes as a replacement (see [https://doc.wikimedia.org/codex/latest/components/demos/message.html#css-only-version the relevant Codex documentation], and [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tech/Header&diff=prev&oldid=27449042 an example update]), but using locally defined onwiki classes would be best. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374499] '''Technical project updates''' * Next week, all Wikimedia wikis will be read-only for a few minutes. This will start on September 25 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1727276400 15:00 UTC]. This is a planned datacenter switchover for maintenance purposes. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|This maintenance process also targets other services.]] The previous switchover took 3 minutes, and the Site Reliability Engineering teams use many tools to make sure that this essential maintenance work happens as quickly as possible. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370962] '''Tech in depth''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] The latest monthly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Reports/August 2024|MediaWiki Product Insights newsletter]] is available. This edition includes details about: research about [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Hooks|hook]] handlers to help simplify development, research about performance improvements, work to improve the REST API for end-users, and more. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] To learn more about the technology behind the Wikimedia projects, you can now watch sessions from the technology track at Wikimania 2024 on Commons. This week, check out: ** [[c:File:Wikimania 2024 - Auditorium Kyiv - Day 4 - Hackathon Showcase.webm|Hackathon Showcase]] (45 mins) - 19 short presentations by some of the Hackathon participants, describing some of the projects they worked on, such as automated testing of maintenance scripts, a video-cutting command line tool, and interface improvements for various tools. There are [[phab:T369234|more details and links available]] in the Phabricator task. ** [[c:File:Co-Creating a Sustainable Future for the Toolforge Ecosystem.webm|Co-Creating a Sustainable Future for the Toolforge Ecosystem]] (40 mins) - a roundtable discussion for tool-maintainers, users, and supporters of Toolforge about how to make the platform sustainable and how to evaluate the tools available there. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/38|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W38"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:03, 17 Nzeri 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27460876 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-39</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W39"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/39|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * All wikis will be [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|read-only]] for a few minutes on Wednesday September 25 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1727276400 15:00 UTC]. Reading the wikis will not be interrupted, but editing will be paused. These twice-yearly processes allow WMF's site reliability engineering teams to remain prepared to keep the wikis functioning even in the event of a major interruption to one of our data centers. '''Updates for editors''' [[File:Add alt text from a halfsheet, with the article behind.png|thumb|A screenshot of the interface for the Alt Text suggested-edit feature]] * Editors who use the iOS Wikipedia app in Spanish, Portuguese, French, or Chinese, may see the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/iOS Suggested edits project/Alt Text Experiment|Alt Text suggested-edit experiment]] after editing an article, or completing a suggested edit using "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/iOS Suggested edits project#Hypothesis 2 Add an Image Suggested Edit|Add an image]]". Alt-text helps people with visual impairments to read Wikipedia articles. The team aims to learn if adding alt-text to images is a task that editors can be successful with. Please share any feedback on [[mw:Talk:Wikimedia Apps/iOS Suggested edits project/Alt Text Experiment|the discussion page]]. * The Codex color palette has been updated with new and revised colors for the MediaWiki user interfaces. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Design System Team/Color/Design documentation#Updates|most noticeable changes]] for editors include updates for: dark mode colors for Links and for quiet Buttons (progressive and destructive), visited Link colors for both light and dark modes, and background colors for system-messages in both light and dark modes. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] It is now possible to include clickable wikilinks and external links inside code blocks. This includes links that are used within <code><nowiki><syntaxhighlight></nowiki></code> tags and on code pages (JavaScript, CSS, Scribunto and Sanitized CSS). Uses of template syntax <code><nowiki>{{…}}</nowiki></code> are also linked to the template page. Thanks to SD0001 for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368166] * Two bugs were fixed in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Account vanishing|GlobalVanishRequest]] system by improving the logging and by removing an incorrect placeholder message. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370595][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T372223] * View all {{formatnum:25}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:25|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] From [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise|Wikimedia Enterprise]]: ** The API now enables 5,000 on-demand API requests per month and twice-monthly HTML snapshots freely (gratis and libre). More information on the updates and also improvements to the software development kits (SDK) are explained on [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/enhanced-free-api/ the project's blog post]. While Wikimedia Enterprise APIs are designed for high-volume commercial reusers, this change enables many more community use-cases to be built on the service too. ** The Snapshot API (html dumps) have added beta Structured Contents endpoints ([https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/structured-contents-snapshot-api/ blog post on that]) as well as released two beta datasets (English and French Wikipedia) from that endpoint to Hugging Face for public use and feedback ([https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/hugging-face-dataset/ blog post on that]). These pre-parsed data sets enable new options for researchers, developers, and data scientists to use and study the content. '''In depth''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] The Wikidata Query Service (WDQS) is used to get answers to questions using the Wikidata data set. As Wikidata grows, we had to make a major architectural change so that WDQS could remain performant. As part of the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS graph split|WDQS Graph Split project]], we have new SPARQL endpoints available for serving the "[https://query-scholarly.wikidata.org scholarly]" and "[https://query-main.wikidata.org main]" subgraphs of Wikidata. The [http://query.wikidata.org query.wikidata.org endpoint] will continue to serve the full Wikidata graph until March 2025. After this date, it will only serve the main graph. For more information, please see [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update/September 2024 scaling update|the announcement on Wikidata]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/39|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W39"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:37, 23 Nzeri 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27493779 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-40</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W40"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/40|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Readers of [[phab:T375401|42 more wikis]] can now use Dark Mode. If the option is not yet available for logged-out users of your wiki, this is likely because many templates do not yet display well in Dark Mode. Please use the [https://night-mode-checker.wmcloud.org/ night-mode-checker tool] if you are interested in helping to reduce the number of issues. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Recommendations for night mode compatibility on Wikimedia wikis|recommendations page]] provides guidance on this. Dark Mode is enabled on additional wikis once per month. * Editors using the 2010 wikitext editor as their default can access features from the 2017 wikitext editor by adding <code dir=ltr>?veaction=editsource</code> to the URL. If you would like to enable the 2017 wikitext editor as your default, it can be set in [[Special:Preferences#mw-input-wpvisualeditor-newwikitext|your preferences]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T239796] * For logged-out readers using the Vector 2022 skin, the "donate" link has been moved from a collapsible menu next to the content area into a more prominent top menu, next to "Create an account". This restores the link to the level of prominence it had in the Vector 2010 skin. [[mw:Readers/2024 Reader and Donor Experiences#Donor Experiences (Key Result WE 3.2 and the related hypotheses)|Learn more]] about the changes related to donor experiences. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373585] * The CampaignEvents extension provides tools for organizers to more easily manage events, communicate with participants, and promote their events on the wikis. The extension has been [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status|enabled]] on Arabic Wikipedia, Igbo Wikipedia, Swahili Wikipedia, and Meta-Wiki. [[w:zh:Wikipedia:互助客栈/其他#引進CampaignEvents擴充功能|Chinese Wikipedia has decided]] to enable the extension, and discussions on the extension are in progress [[w:es:Wikipedia:Votaciones/2024/Sobre la política de Organizadores de Eventos|on Spanish Wikipedia]] and [[d:Wikidata:Project chat#Enabling the CampaignEvents Extention on Wikidata|on Wikidata]]. To learn how to enable the extension on your wiki, you can visit [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents|the CampaignEvents page on Meta-Wiki]]. * View all {{formatnum:22}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:22|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Developers with an account on Wikitech-wiki should [[wikitech:Wikitech/SUL-migration|check if any action is required]] for their accounts. The wiki is being changed to use the single-user-login (SUL) system, and other configuration changes. This change will help reduce the overall complexity for the weekly software updates across all our wikis. '''In depth''' * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|server switch]] was completed successfully last week with a read-only time of [[wikitech:Switch Datacenter#Past Switches|only 2 minutes 46 seconds]]. This periodic process makes sure that engineers can switch data centers and keep all of the wikis available for readers, even if there are major technical issues. It also gives engineers a chance to do maintenance and upgrades on systems that normally run 24 hours a day, and often helps to reveal weaknesses in the infrastructure. The process involves dozens of software services and hundreds of hardware servers, and requires multiple teams working together. Work over the past few years has reduced the time from 17 minutes down to 2–3 minutes. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/66ZW7B2MG63AESQVTXDIFQBDBS766JGW/] '''Meetings and events''' * October 4–6: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WikiIndaba conference 2024|WikiIndaba Conference's Hackathon]] in Johannesburg, South Africa * November 4–6: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Fall 2024|MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Fall 2024]] in Vienna, Austria '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/40|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W40"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:20, 30 Nzeri 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27530062 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-41</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W41"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/41|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Communities can now request installation of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Automoderator|Automoderator]] on their wiki. Automoderator is an automated anti-vandalism tool that reverts bad edits based on scores from the new "Revert Risk" machine learning model. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AutoModerator/Deploying|read details about the necessary steps]] for installation and configuration. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336934] '''Updates for editors''' * Translators in wikis where [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation/Section translation#Try the tool|the mobile experience of Content Translation is available]], can now customize their articles suggestion list from 41 filtering options when using the tool. This topic-based article suggestion feature makes it easy for translators to self-discover relevant articles based on their area of interest and translate them. You can [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&active-list=suggestions try it with your mobile device]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368422] * View all {{formatnum:12}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:12|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * It is now possible for <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki><syntaxhighlight></nowiki></code></bdi> code blocks to offer readers a "Copy" button if the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>copy=1</nowiki></code></bdi> attribute is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:SyntaxHighlight#copy|set on the tag]]. Thanks to SD0001 for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T40932] * Customized copyright footer messages on all wikis will be updated. The new versions will use wikitext markup instead of requiring editing raw HTML. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375789] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Later this month, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] will be rolled out on several pilot wikis. The final list of the wikis will be published in the second half of the month. If you maintain any tools, bots, or gadgets on [[phab:T376499|these 11 wikis]], and your software is using data about IP addresses or is available for logged-out users, please check if it needs to be updated to work with temporary accounts. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers|Guidance on how to update the code is available]]. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Rate limiting has been enabled for the code review tools [[Wikitech:Gerrit|Gerrit]] and [[Wikitech:GitLab|GitLab]] to address ongoing issues caused by malicious traffic and scraping. Clients that open too many concurrent connections will be restricted for a few minutes. This rate limiting is managed through [[Wikitech:nftables|nftables]] firewall rules. For more details, see Wikitech's pages on [[Wikitech:Firewall#Throttling with nftables|Firewall]], [[Wikitech:GitLab/Abuse and rate limiting|GitLab limits]] and [[Wikitech:Gerrit/Operations#Throttling IPs|Gerrit operations]]. * Five new wikis have been created: ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q49224|Komering]] ([[w:kge:|<code>w:kge:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374813] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q36096|Mooré]] ([[m:mos:|<code>m:mos:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374641] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wiktionary}} in [[d:Q36213|Madurese]] ([[wikt:mad:|<code>wikt:mad:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374968] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikiquote}} in [[d:Q2501174|Gorontalo]] ([[q:gor:|<code>q:gor:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375088] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikinews}} in [[d:Q56482|Shan]] ([[n:shn:|<code>n:shn:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375430] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/41|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W41"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:43, 7 Ukwakira 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27557422 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-42</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W42"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/42|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The Structured Discussion extension (also known as Flow) is starting to be removed. This extension is unmaintained and causes issues. It will be replaced by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]], which is used on any regular talk page. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured Discussions/Deprecation#Deprecation timeline|A first set of wikis]] are being contacted. These wikis are invited to stop using Flow, and to move all Flow boards to sub-pages, as archives. At these wikis, a script will move all Flow pages that aren't a sub-page to a sub-page automatically, starting on 22 October 2024. On 28 October 2024, all Flow boards at these wikis will be set in read-only mode. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Structured_Discussions/Deprecation][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370722] * WMF's Search Platform team is working on making it easier for readers to perform text searches in their language. A [[phab:T332342|change last week]] on over 30 languages makes it easier to find words with accents and other diacritics. This applies to both full-text search and to types of advanced search such as the <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">''hastemplate''</bdi> and <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">''incategory''</bdi> keywords. More technical details (including a few other minor search upgrades) are available. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/User:TJones_%28WMF%29/Notes/Language_Analyzer_Harmonization_Notes#ASCII-folding/ICU-folding_%28T332342%29] * View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check|EditCheck]] was installed at Russian Wikipedia, and fixes were made for some missing user interface styles. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Editors who use the Toolforge tool [[toolforge:copyvios|Earwig's Copyright Violation Detector]] will now be required to log in with their Wikimedia account before running checks using the "search engine" option. This change is needed to help prevent external bots from misusing the system. Thanks to Chlod for these improvements. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:New_pages_patrol/Reviewers#Authentication_is_now_required_for_search_engine_checks_on_Earwig's_Copyvio_Tool] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Phabricator|Phabricator]] users can create tickets and add comments on existing tickets via Email again. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Phabricator/Help#Using email|Sending email to Phabricator]] has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T356077] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Some HTML elements in the interface are now wrapped with a <code><nowiki><bdi></nowiki></code> element, to make our HTML output more aligned with Web standards. More changes like this will be coming in future weeks. This change might break some tools that rely on the previous HTML structure of the interface. Note that relying on the HTML structure of the interface is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Stable interface policy/Frontend#What is not stable?|not recommended]] and might break at any time. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375975] '''In depth''' * The latest monthly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Reports/September 2024|MediaWiki Product Insights newsletter]] is available. This edition includes: updates on Wikimedia's authentication system, research to simplify feature development in the MediaWiki platform, updates on Parser Unification and MathML rollout, and more. * The latest quarterly [[mw:Technical Community Newsletter/2024/October|Technical Community Newsletter]] is now available. This edition include: research about improving topic suggestions related to countries, improvements to PHPUnit tests, and more. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/42|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W42"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:21, 14 Ukwakira 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27597254 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-43</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W43"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/43|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Mobile Apps team has released an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Navigation Refresh#Phase 1: Creating a user Profile Menu (T373714)|update]] to the iOS app's navigation, and it is now available in the latest App store version. The team added a new Profile menu that allows for easy access to editor features like Notifications and Watchlist from the Article view, and brings the "Donate" button into a more accessible place for users who are reading an article. This is the first phase of a larger planned [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Navigation Refresh|navigation refresh]] to help the iOS app transition from a primarily reader-focused app, to an app that fully supports reading and editing. The Wikimedia Foundation has added more editing features and support for on-wiki communication based on volunteer requests in recent years. [[File:IOS App Navigation refresh first phase 05.png|thumb|iOS Wikipedia App's profile menu and contents]] '''Updates for editors''' * Wikipedia readers can now download a browser extension to experiment with some early ideas on potential features that recommend articles for further reading, automatically summarize articles, and improve search functionality. For more details and to stay updated, check out the Web team's [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Content Discovery Experiments|Content Discovery Experiments page]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Newsletter:Web team's projects|subscribe to their newsletter]]. * Later this month, logged-out editors of [[phab:T376499|these 12 wikis]] will start to have [[mw:Special:Mylanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] created. The list may slightly change - some wikis may be removed but none will be added. Temporary account is a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/User account types|type of user account]]. It enhances the logged-out editors' privacy and makes it easier for community members to communicate with them. If you maintain any tools, bots, or gadgets on these 12 wikis, and your software is using data about IP addresses or is available for logged-out users, please check if it needs to be updated to work with temporary accounts. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers|Guidance on how to update the code is available]]. Read more about the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Updates|deployment plan across all wikis]]. * View all {{formatnum:33}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:33|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the [[w:nr:Main Page|South Ndebele]], [[w:rsk:Главни бок|Pannonian Rusyn]], [[w:ann:Uwu|Obolo]], [[w:iba:Lambar Keterubah|Iban]] and [[w:tdd:ᥞᥨᥝᥴ ᥘᥣᥲ ᥖᥥᥰ|Tai Nüa]] Wikipedia languages were created last week. [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36785][https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35660][https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36614][https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33424][https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36556] * It is now possible to create functions on Wikifunctions using Wikidata lexemes, through the new [[f:Z6005|Wikidata lexeme type]] launched last week. When you go to one of these functions, the user interface provides a lexeme selector that helps you pick a lexeme from Wikidata that matches the word you type. After hitting run, your selected lexeme is retrieved from Wikidata, transformed into a Wikidata lexeme type, and passed into the selected function. Read more about this in [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-10-17#Function of the Week: select representation from lexeme|the latest Wikifunctions newsletter]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Users of the Wikimedia sites can now format dates more easily in different languages with the new <code dir="ltr">{{[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserFunctions##timef|#timef]]:…}}</code> parser function. For example, <code dir="ltr"><nowiki>{{#timef:now|date|en}}</nowiki></code> will show as "<bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">{{#timef:now|date|en}}</bdi>". Previously, <code dir="ltr"><nowiki>{{#time:…}}</nowiki></code> could be used to format dates, but this required knowledge of the order of the time and date components and their intervening punctuation. <code dir="ltr">#timef</code> (or <code dir="ltr">#timefl</code> for local time) provides access to the standard date formats that MediaWiki uses in its user interface. This may help to simplify some templates on multi-lingual wikis like Commons and Meta. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T223772][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserFunctions##timef] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Commons and Meta users can now efficiently [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#Localization|retrieve the user's language]] using <code dir="ltr"><nowiki>{{USERLANGUAGE}}</nowiki></code> instead of using <code dir="ltr"><nowiki>{{int:lang}}</nowiki></code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T4085] * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product and Tech Advisory Council]] (PTAC) now has its pilot members with representation across Africa, Asia, Europe, North America and South America. They will work to address the [[Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy/Initiatives/Technology Council|Movement Strategy's Technology Council]] initiative of having a co-defined and more resilient technological platform. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Movement_Strategy/Initiatives/Technology_Council] '''In depth''' * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters/32|Growth newsletter]] is available. It includes: an upcoming Newcomer Homepage Community Updates module, new Community Configuration options, and details on new projects. * The Wikimedia Foundation is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Security Team#CNA Partnership|now an official partner of the CVE program]], which is an international effort to catalog publicly disclosed cybersecurity vulnerabilities. This partnership will allow the Security Team to instantly publish [[w:en:Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures|common vulnerabilities and exposures]] (CVE) records that are affecting MediaWiki core, extensions, and skins, along with any other code the Foundation is a steward of. * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist|Community Wishlist]] is now [[m:Community Wishlist/Updates#October 16, 2024: Conversations Made Easier: Machine-Translated Wishes Are Here!|testing machine translations]] for Wishlist content. Volunteers can now read machine-translated versions of wishes and dive into discussions even before translators arrive to translate content. '''Meetings and events''' * 24 October - Wiki Education Speaker Series Webinar - [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/N4XTB4G55BUY3M3PNGUAKQWJ7A4UOPAK/ Open Source Tech: Building the Wiki Education Dashboard], featuring Wikimedia interns and a Web developer in the panel. * 20–22 December 2024 - [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Indic Wikimedia Hackathon Bhubaneswar 2024|Indic Wikimedia Hackathon Bhubaneswar 2024]] in Odisha, India. A hackathon for community members, including developers, designers and content editors, to build technical solutions that improve contributors' experiences. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/43|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W43"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:53, 21 Ukwakira 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27634672 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-44</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W44"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/44|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Later in November, the Charts extension will be deployed to the test wikis in order to help identify and fix any issue. A security review is underway to then enable deployment to pilot wikis for broader testing. You can read [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates#October 2024: Working towards production deployment|the October project update]] and see the [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Charts latest documentation and examples on Beta Wikipedia]. * View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, [[w:en:PediaPress|Pediapress.com]], an external service that creates books from Wikipedia, can now use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Maps|Wikimedia Maps]] to include existing pre-rendered infobox map images in their printed books on Wikipedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375761] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Wikis can use [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GuidedTour|the Guided Tour extension]] to help newcomers understand how to edit. The Guided Tours extension now works with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Dark mode|dark mode]]. Guided Tour maintainers can check their tours to see that nothing looks odd. They can also set <code>emitTransitionOnStep</code> to <code>true</code> to fix an old bug. They can use the new flag <code>allowAutomaticBack</code> to avoid back-buttons they don't want. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T73927#10241528] * Administrators in the Wikimedia projects who use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Nuke|Nuke Extension]] will notice that mass deletions done with this tool have the "Nuke" tag. This change will make reviewing and analyzing deletions performed with the tool easier. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366068] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/44|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W44"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:56, 28 Ukwakira 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27668811 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-45</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W45"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/45|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Stewards can now make [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global blocks|global account blocks]] cause global [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Autoblock|autoblocks]]. This will assist stewards in preventing abuse from users who have been globally blocked. This includes preventing globally blocked temporary accounts from exiting their session or switching browsers to make subsequent edits for 24 hours. Previously, temporary accounts could exit their current session or switch browsers to continue editing. This is an anti-abuse tool improvement for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|Temporary Accounts]] project. You can read more about the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Updates|progress on key features for temporary accounts]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368949] * Wikis that have the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status|CampaignEvents extension enabled]] can now use the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Event list#October 29, 2024: Collaboration List launched|Collaboration List]] feature. This list provides a new, easy way for contributors to learn about WikiProjects on their wikis. Thanks to the Campaign team for this work that is part of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Product %26 Technology OKRs#WE KRs|the 2024/25 annual plan]]. If you are interested in bringing the CampaignEvents extension to your wiki, you can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status#How to Request the CampaignEvents Extension for your wiki|follow these steps]] or you can reach out to User:Udehb-WMF for help. * The text color for red links will be slightly changed later this week to improve their contrast in light mode. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370446] * View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, on multilingual wikis, users [[phab:T216368|can now]] hide translations from the WhatLinksHere special page. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * XML [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Data dumps|data dumps]] have been temporarily paused whilst a bug is investigated. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/xmldatadumps-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/BXWJDPO5QI2QMBCY7HO36ELDCRO6HRM4/] '''In depth''' * Temporary Accounts have been deployed to six wikis; thanks to the Trust and Safety Product team for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|this work]], you can read about [[phab:T340001|the deployment plans]]. Beginning next week, Temporary Accounts will also be enabled on [[phab:T378336|seven other projects]]. If you are active on these wikis and need help migrating your tools, please reach out to [[m:User:Udehb-WMF|User:Udehb-WMF]] for assistance. * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2024/October|Language and Internationalization newsletter]] is available. It includes: New languages supported in translatewiki or in MediaWiki; New keyboard input methods for some languages; details about recent and upcoming meetings, and more. '''Meetings and events''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Fall 2024|MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Fall 2024]] is happening in Vienna, Austria and online from 4 to 6 November 2024. The conference will feature discussions around the usage of MediaWiki software by and within companies in different industries and will inspire and onboard new users. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/45|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W45"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:50, 4 Ugushyingo 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27693917 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-46</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W46"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/46|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * On wikis with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Translate|Translate extension]] enabled, users will notice that the FuzzyBot will now automatically create translated versions of categories used on translated pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T285463] * View all {{formatnum:29}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:29|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the submitted task to use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:SecurePoll|SecurePoll extension]] for English Wikipedia's special [[w:en:Wikipedia:Administrator elections|administrator election]] was resolved on time. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T371454] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] In <code dir="ltr">[[mw:MediaWiki_1.44/wmf.2|1.44.0-wmf-2]]</code>, the logic of Wikibase function <code>getAllStatements</code> changed to behave like <code>getBestStatements</code>. Invoking the function now returns a copy of values which are immutable. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T270851] * [https://en.wikipedia.org/api/rest_v1/ Wikimedia REST API] users, such as bot operators and tool maintainers, may be affected by ongoing upgrades. The API will be rerouting some page content endpoints from RESTbase to the newer [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:REST API|MediaWiki REST API]] endpoints. The [[phab:T374683|impacted endpoints]] include getting page/revision metadata and rendered HTML content. These changes will be available on testwiki later this week, with other projects to follow. This change should not affect existing functionality, but active users of the impacted endpoints should verify behavior on testwiki, and raise any concerns on the related [[phab:T374683|Phabricator ticket]]. '''In depth''' * Admins and users of the Wikimedia projects [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator_Tools/Automoderator#Usage|where Automoderator is enabled]] can now monitor and evaluate important metrics related to Automoderator's actions. [https://superset.wmcloud.org/superset/dashboard/unified-automoderator-activity-dashboard/ This Superset dashboard] calculates and aggregates metrics about Automoderator's behaviour on the projects in which it is deployed. Thanks to the Moderator Tools team for this Dashboard; you can visit [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Automoderator/Unified Activity Dashboard|the documentation page]] for more information about this work. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T369488] '''Meetings and events''' * 21 November 2024 ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 21 November 2024 8:00 UTC|8:00 UTC]] & [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 21 November 2024 16:00 UTC|16:00 UTC]]) - [[c:Commons:WMF support for Commons/Commons community calls|Community call]] with Wikimedia Commons volunteers and stakeholders to help prioritize support efforts for 2025-2026 Fiscal Year. The theme of this call is how content should be organised on Wikimedia Commons. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/46|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W46"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:07, 12 Ugushyingo 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27732268 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-47</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W47"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/47|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Users of Wikimedia sites will now be warned when they create a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Redirects|redirect]] to a page that doesn't exist. This will reduce the number of broken redirects to red links in our projects. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326057] * View all {{formatnum:42}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:42|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Pywikibot/Overview|Pywikibot]], which automates work on MediaWiki sites, was upgraded to 9.5.0 on Toolforge. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378676] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * On wikis that use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:FlaggedRevs|FlaggedRevs extension]], pages created or moved by users with the appropriate permissions are marked as flagged automatically. This feature has not been working recently, and changes fixing it should be deployed this week. Thanks to Daniel and Wargo for working on this. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379218][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368380] '''In depth''' * There is a new [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/11/05/say-hi-to-temporary-accounts-easier-collaboration-with-logged-out-editors-with-better-privacy-protection Diff post] about Temporary Accounts, available in more than 15 languages. Read it to learn about what Temporary Accounts are, their impact on different groups of users, and the plan to introduce the change on all wikis. '''Meetings and events''' * Technical volunteers can now register for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Hackathon 2025|2025 Wikimedia Hackathon]], which will take place in Istanbul, Turkey. [https://pretix.eu/wikimedia/hackathon2025/ Application for travel and accommodation scholarships] is open from '''November 12 to December 10 2024'''. The registration for the event will close in mid-April 2025. The Wikimedia Hackathon is an annual gathering that unites the global technical community to collaborate on existing projects and explore new ideas. * Join the [[C:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:WMF%20support%20for%20Commons/Commons%20community%20calls|Wikimedia Commons community calls]] this week to help prioritize support for Commons which will be planned for 2025–2026. The theme will be how content should be organised on Wikimedia Commons. This is an opportunity for volunteers who work on different things to come together and talk about what matters for the future of the project. The calls will take place '''November 21, 2024, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 21 November 2024 8:00 UTC|8:00 UTC]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 21 November 2024 16:00 UTC|16:00 UTC]]'''. * A [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization/Community meetings#29 November 2024|Language community meeting]] will take place '''November 29, 16:00 UTC''' to discuss updates and technical problem-solving. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/47|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W47"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 02:01, 19 Ugushyingo 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27806858 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-48</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W48"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/48|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] A new version of the standard wikitext editor-mode [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|syntax highlighter]] will be available as a [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]] later this week. This brings many new features and bug fixes, including right-to-left support, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Template folding|template folding]], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Autocompletion|autocompletion]], and an improved search panel. You can learn more on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|help page]]. * The 2010 wikitext editor now supports common keyboard shortcuts such <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>Ctrl</code>+<code>B</code></bdi> for bold and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>Ctrl</code>+<code>I</code></bdi> for italics. A full [[mw:Help:Extension:WikiEditor#Keyboard shortcuts|list of all six shortcuts]] is available. Thanks to SD0001 for this improvement. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T62928] * Starting November 28, Flow/Structured Discussions pages will be automatically archived and set to read-only at the following wikis: <bdi>bswiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>elwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>euwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>fawiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>fiwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>frwikiquote</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>frwikisource</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>frwikiversity</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>frwikivoyage</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>idwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>lvwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>plwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>ptwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>urwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>viwikisource</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>zhwikisource</bdi>. This is done as part of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured_Discussions/Deprecation|StructuredDiscussions deprecation work]]. If you need any assistance to archive your page in advance, please contact [[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]]. * View all {{formatnum:25}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:25|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a user creating a new AbuseFilter can now only set the filter to "protected" [[phab:T377765|if it includes a protected variable]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]], which can be used in JavaScript, CSS, JSON, and Lua pages, [[phab:T377663|now offers]] live autocompletion. Thanks to SD0001 for this improvement. The feature can be temporarily disabled on a page by pressing <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>Ctrl</code>+<code>,</code></bdi> and un-selecting "<bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">Live Autocompletion</bdi>". * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Tool-maintainers who use the Graphite system for tracking metrics, need to migrate to the newer Prometheus system. They can check [https://grafana.wikimedia.org/d/K6DEOo5Ik/grafana-graphite-datasource-utilization?orgId=1 this dashboard] and the list in the Description of the [[phab:T350592|task T350592]] to see if their tools are listed, and they should claim metrics and dashboards connected to their tools. They can then disable or migrate all existing metrics by following the instructions in the task. The Graphite service will become read-only in April. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/KLUV4IOLRYXPQFWD6WKKJUHMWE77BMSZ/] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/NewPP parser report|New PreProcessor parser performance report]] has been fixed to give an accurate count for the number of Wikibase entities accessed. It had previously been resetting after 400 entities. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T279069] '''Meetings and events''' * A [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization/Community meetings#29 November 2024|Language community meeting]] will take place November 29 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1732896000 16:00 UTC]. There will be presentations on topics like developing language keyboards, the creation of the Mooré Wikipedia, the language support track at [[m:Wiki Indaba|Wiki Indaba]], and a report from the Wayuunaiki community on their experiences with the Incubator and as a new community over the last 3 years. This meeting will be in English and will also have Spanish interpretation. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/48|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W48"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:42, 25 Ugushyingo 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27847039 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-49</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W49"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/49|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Two new parser functions were added this week. The <code dir="ltr"><nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#interwikilink|#interwikilink]]<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> function adds an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Links#Interwiki links|interwiki link]] and the <code dir="ltr"><nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#interlanguagelink|#interlanguagelink]]<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> function adds an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Links#Interlanguage links|interlanguage link]]. These parser functions are useful on wikis where namespaces conflict with interwiki prefixes. For example, links beginning with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>MOS:</code></bdi> on English Wikipedia [[phab:T363538|conflict with the <code>mos</code> language code prefix of Mooré Wikipedia]]. * Starting this week, Wikimedia wikis no longer support connections using old RSA-based HTTPS certificates, specifically rsa-2048. This change is to improve security for all users. Some older, unsupported browser or smartphone devices will be unable to connect; Instead, they will display a connectivity error. See the [[wikitech:HTTPS/Browser_Recommendations|HTTPS Browser Recommendations page]] for more-detailed information. All modern operating systems and browsers are always able to reach Wikimedia projects. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/CTYEHVNSXUD3NFAAMG3BLZVTVQWJXJAH/] * Starting December 16, Flow/Structured Discussions pages will be automatically archived and set to read-only at the following wikis: <bdi>arwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>cawiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>frwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>mediawikiwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>orwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>wawiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>wawiktionary</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>wikidatawiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>zhwiki</bdi>. This is done as part of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured_Discussions/Deprecation|StructuredDiscussions deprecation work]]. If you need any assistance to archive your page in advance, please contact [[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380910] * This month the Chart extension was deployed to production and is now available on Commons and Testwiki. With the security review complete, pilot wiki deployment is expected to start in the first week of December. You can see a working version [[testwiki:Charts|on Testwiki]] and read [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates|the November project update]] for more details. * View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug with the "Download as PDF" system was fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T376438] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * In late February, temporary accounts will be rolled out on at least 10 large wikis. This deployment will have a significant effect on the community-maintained code. This is about Toolforge tools, bots, gadgets, and user scripts that use IP address data or that are available for logged-out users. The Trust and Safety Product team wants to identify this code, monitor it, and assist in updating it ahead of the deployment to minimize disruption to workflows. The team asks technical editors and volunteer developers to help identify such tools by adding them to [[mw:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers/Impacted tools|this list]]. In addition, review the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers|updated documentation]] to learn how to adjust the tools. Join the discussions on the [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|project talk page]] or in the [[discord:channels/221049808784326656/1227616742340034722|dedicated thread]] on the [[w:Wikipedia:Discord|Wikimedia Community Discord server (in English)]] for support and to share feedback. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/49|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W49"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:23, 2 Ukuboza 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27873992 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-50</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W50"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/50|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Technical documentation contributors can find updated resources, and new ways to connect with each other and the Wikimedia Technical Documentation Team, at the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Documentation|Documentation hub]] on MediaWiki.org. This page links to: resources for writing and improving documentation, a new <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">#wikimedia-techdocs</bdi> IRC channel on libera.chat, a listing of past and upcoming documentation events, and ways to request a documentation consultation or review. If you have any feedback or ideas for improvements to the documentation ecosystem, please [[mw:Wikimedia Technical Documentation Team#Contact us|contact the Technical Documentation Team]]. '''Updates for editors''' [[File:Edit Check on Desktop.png|thumb|Layout change for the Edit Check feature]] * Later this week, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check|Edit Check]] will be relocated to a sidebar on desktop. Edit check is the feature for new editors to help them follow policies and guidelines. This layout change creates space to present people with [[mw:Edit check#1 November 2024|new Checks]] that appear ''while'' they are typing. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check#Reference Check A/B Test|initial results]] show newcomers encountering Edit Check are 2.2 times more likely to publish a new content edit that includes a reference and is not reverted. * The Chart extension, which enables editors to create data visualizations, was successfully made available on MediaWiki.org and three pilot wikis (Italian, Swedish, and Hebrew Wikipedias). You can see a working examples [[testwiki:Charts|on Testwiki]] and read [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates|the November project update]] for more details. * Translators in wikis where the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation/Section translation#Try the tool|mobile experience of Content Translation is available]], can now discover articles in Wikiproject campaigns of their interest from the "[https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=specialcx&filter-type=automatic&filter-id=collections&active-list=suggestions&from=es&to=en All collection]" category in the articles suggestion feature. Wikiproject Campaign organizers can use this feature, to help translators to discover articles of interest, by adding the <code dir=ltr><nowiki><page-collection> </page-collection></nowiki></code> tag to their campaign article list page on Meta-wiki. This will make those articles discoverable in the Content Translation tool. For more detailed information on how to use the tool and tag, please refer to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Translation suggestions: Topic-based & Community-defined lists/How to use the features|the step-by-step guide]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378958] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Nuke|Nuke]] feature, which enables administrators to mass delete pages, now has a [[phab:T376379#10310998|multiselect filter for namespace selection]]. This enables users to select multiple specific namespaces, instead of only one or all, when fetching pages for deletion. * The Nuke feature also now [[phab:T364225#10371365|provides links]] to the userpage of the user whose pages were deleted, and to the pages which were not selected for deletion, after page deletions are queued. This enables easier follow-up admin-actions. Thanks to Chlod and the Moderator Tools team for both of these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T364225#10371365] * The Editing Team is working on making it easier to populate citations from archive.org using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid/Enabling Citoid on your wiki|Citoid]] tool, the auto-filled citation generator. They are asking communities to add two parameters preemptively, <code dir=ltr>archiveUrl</code> and <code dir=ltr>archiveDate</code>, within the TemplateData for each citation template using Citoid. You can see an [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template%3ACite_web%2Fdoc&diff=1261320172&oldid=1260788022 example of a change in a template], and a [https://global-search.toolforge.org/?namespaces=10&q=%5C%22citoid%5C%22%3A%20%5C%7B&regex=1&title= list of all relevant templates]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374831] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikivoyage}} in [[d:Q9240|Indonesian]] ([[voy:id:|<code>voy:id:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380726] * Last week, all wikis had problems serving pages to logged-in users and some logged-out users for 30–45 minutes. This was caused by a database problem, and investigation is ongoing. [https://www.wikimediastatus.net/incidents/3g2ckc7bp6l9] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:19}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:19|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add Link]] feature has been fixed. Previously, the list of sections which are excluded from Add Link was partially ignored in certain cases. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380455][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380329] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|Codex]], the design system for Wikimedia, now has an early-stage [[git:design/codex-php|implementation in PHP]]. It is available for general use in MediaWiki extensions and Toolforge apps through [https://packagist.org/packages/wikimedia/codex Composer], with use in MediaWiki core coming soon. More information is available in [[wmdoc:design-codex-php/main/index.html|the documentation]]. Thanks to Doğu for the inspiration and many contributions to the library. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379662] * [https://en.wikipedia.org/api/rest_v1/ Wikimedia REST API] users, such as bot operators and tool maintainers, may be affected by ongoing upgrades. On December 4, the MediaWiki Interfaces team began rerouting page/revision metadata and rendered HTML content endpoints on [[testwiki:|testwiki]] from RESTbase to comparable MediaWiki REST API endpoints. The team encourages active users of these endpoints to verify their tool's behavior on testwiki and raise any concerns on the related [[phab:T374683|Phabricator ticket]] before the end of the year, as they intend to roll out the same change across all Wikimedia projects in early January. These changes are part of the work to replace the outdated [[mw:RESTBase/deprecation|RESTBase]] system. * The [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/986172 2024 Developer Satisfaction Survey] is seeking the opinions of the Wikimedia developer community. Please take the survey if you have any role in developing software for the Wikimedia ecosystem. The survey is open until 3 January 2025, and has an associated [[foundation:Legal:Developer Satisfaction Survey 2024 Privacy Statement|privacy statement]]. * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''Meetings and events''' * The next meeting in the series of [[c:Commons:WMF support for Commons/Commons community calls|Wikimedia Foundation discussions with the Wikimedia Commons community]] will take place on [[m:Event:Commons community discussion - 12 December 2024 08:00 UTC|December 12 at 8:00 UTC]] and [[m:Event:Commons community discussion - 12_December 2024 16:00 UTC|at 16:00 UTC]]. The topic of this call is new media and new contributors. Contributors from all wikis are welcome to attend. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/50|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W50"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:16, 9 Ukuboza 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27919424 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-51</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W51"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/51|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Interested in improving event management on your home wiki? The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] offers organizers features like event registration management, event/wikiproject promotion, finding potential participants, and more - all directly on-wiki. If you are an organizer or think your community would benefit from this extension, start a discussion to enable it on your wiki today. To learn more about how to enable this extension on your wiki, visit the [[m:CampaignEvents/Deployment status#How to Request the CampaignEvents Extension for your wiki|deployment status page]]. '''Updates for editors''' * Users of the iOS Wikipedia App in Italy and Mexico on the Italian, Spanish, and English Wikipedias, can see a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Personalized Wikipedia Year in Review|personalized Year in Review]] with insights based on their reading and editing history. * Users of the Android Wikipedia App in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia can see the new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/Rabbit Holes|Rabbit Holes]] feature. This feature shows a suggested search term in the Search bar based on the current article being viewed, and a suggested reading list generated from the user’s last two visited articles. * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global reminder bot|global reminder bot]] is now active and running on nearly 800 wikis. This service reminds most users holding temporary rights when they are about to expire, so that they can renew should they want to. See [[m:Global reminder bot/Technical details|the technical details page]] for more information. * The next issue of Tech News will be sent out on 13 January 2025 because of the end of year holidays. Thank you to all of the translators, and people who submitted content or feedback, this year. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was [[phab:T374988|fixed]] in the Android Wikipedia App which had caused translatable SVG images to show the wrong language when they were tapped. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * There is no new MediaWiki version next week. The next deployments will start on 14 January. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar/2025] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/51|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W51"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:25, 16 Ukuboza 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27942374 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-03</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W03"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/03|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Single User Login system is being updated over the next few months. This is the system which allows users to fill out the login form on one Wikimedia site and get logged in on all others at the same time. It needs to be updated because of the ways that browsers are increasingly restricting cross-domain cookies. To accommodate these restrictions, login and account creation pages will move to a central domain, but it will still appear to the user as if they are on the originating wiki. The updated code will be enabled this week for users on test wikis. This change is planned to roll out to all users during February and March. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Platform Team/SUL3#Deployment|the SUL3 project page]] for more details and a timeline. '''Updates for editors''' * On wikis with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:PageAssessments|PageAssessments]] installed, you can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:PageAssessments#Search|filter search results]] to pages in a given WikiProject by using the <code dir=ltr>inproject:</code> keyword. (These wikis: {{int:project-localized-name-arwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-enwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-enwikivoyage/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-frwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-huwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-newiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-zhwiki/en}}) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378868] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q34129|Tigre]] ([[w:tig:|<code>w:tig:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381377] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:35}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:35|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, there was a bug with updating a user's edit-count after making a rollback edit, which is now fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382592] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Wikimedia REST API users, such as bot operators and tool maintainers, may be affected by ongoing upgrades. Starting the week of January 13, we will begin rerouting [[phab:T374683|some page content endpoints]] from RESTbase to the newer MediaWiki REST API endpoints for all wiki projects. This change was previously available on testwiki and should not affect existing functionality, but active users of the impacted endpoints may raise issues directly to the [[phab:project/view/6931/|MediaWiki Interfaces Team]] in Phabricator if they arise. * Toolforge tool maintainers can now share their feedback on Toolforge UI, an initiative to provide a web platform that allows creating and managing Toolforge tools through a graphic interface, in addition to existing command-line workflows. This project aims to streamline active maintainers’ tasks, as well as make registration and deployment processes more accessible for new tool creators. The initiative is still at a very early stage, and the Cloud Services team is in the process of collecting feedback from the Toolforge community to help shape the solution to their needs. [[wikitech:Wikimedia Cloud Services team/EnhancementProposals/Toolforge UI|Read more and share your thoughts about Toolforge UI]]. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] For tool and library developers who use the OAuth system: The identity endpoint used for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/For Developers#Identifying the user|OAuth 1]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/For Developers#Identifying the user 2|OAuth 2]] returned a JSON object with an integer in its <code>sub</code> field, which was incorrect (the field must always be a string). This has been fixed; the fix will be deployed to Wikimedia wikis on the week of January 13. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382139] * Many wikis currently use [[:mw:Parsoid/Parser Unification/Cite CSS|Cite CSS]] to render custom footnote markers in Parsoid output. Starting January 20 these rules will be disabled, but the developers ask you to ''not'' clean up your <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[MediaWiki:Common.css]]</bdi> until February 20 to avoid issues during the migration. Your wikis might experience some small changes to footnote markers in Visual Editor and when using experimental Parsoid read mode, but if there are changes these are expected to bring the rendering in line with the legacy parser output. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370027] '''Meetings and events''' * The next meeting in the series of [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:WMF support for Commons/Commons community calls|Wikimedia Foundation Community Conversations with the Wikimedia Commons community]] will take place on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 15 January 2025 08:00 UTC|January 15 at 8:00 UTC]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 15 January 2025 16:00 UTC|at 16:00 UTC]]. The topic of this call is defining the priorities in tool investment for Commons. Contributors from all wikis, especially users who are maintaining tools for Commons, are welcome to attend. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/03|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W03"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:42, 14 Mutarama 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28048614 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-04</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W04"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/04|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Administrators can mass-delete multiple pages created by a user or IP address using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Nuke|Extension:Nuke]]. It previously only allowed deletion of pages created in the last 30 days. It can now delete pages from the last 90 days, provided it is targeting a specific user or IP address. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380846] * On [[phab:P72148|wikis that use]] the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Patrolled edits|Patrolled edits]] feature, when the rollback feature is used to revert an unpatrolled page revision, that revision will now be marked as "manually patrolled" instead of "autopatrolled", which is more accurate. Some editors that use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:New filters for edit review/Filtering|filters]] on Recent Changes may need to update their filter settings. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T302140] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the Visual Editor's "Insert link" feature did not always suggest existing pages properly when an editor started typing, which has now been [[phab:T383497|fixed]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The Structured Discussion extension (also known as Flow) is being progressively removed from the wikis. This extension is unmaintained and causes issues. It will be replaced by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]], which is used on any regular talk page. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured Discussions/Deprecation#Deprecation timeline|The last group of wikis]] ({{int:project-localized-name-cawikiquote/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fiwikimedia/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gomwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kabwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ptwikibooks/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sewikimedia/en}}) will soon be contacted. If you have questions about this process, please ping [[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] at your wiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380912] * The latest quarterly [[mw:Technical_Community_Newsletter/2025/January|Technical Community Newsletter]] is now available. This edition includes: updates about services from the Data Platform Engineering teams, information about Codex from the Design System team, and more. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/04|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W04"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:37, 21 Mutarama 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28129769 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-05</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W05"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/05|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Patrollers and admins - what information or context about edits or users could help you to make patroller or admin decisions more quickly or easily? The Wikimedia Foundation wants to hear from you to help guide its upcoming annual plan. Please consider sharing your thoughts on this and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Product & Technology OKRs|13 other questions]] to shape the technical direction for next year. '''Updates for editors''' * iOS Wikipedia App users worldwide can now access a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Personalized Wikipedia Year in Review/How your data is used|personalized Year in Review]] feature, which provides insights based on their reading and editing history on Wikipedia. This project is part of a broader effort to help welcome new readers as they discover and interact with encyclopedic content. * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] Edit patrollers now have a new feature available that can highlight potentially problematic new pages. When a page is created with the same title as a page which was previously deleted, a tag ('Recreated') will now be added, which users can filter for in [[{{#special:RecentChanges}}]] and [[{{#special:NewPages}}]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T56145] * Later this week, there will be a new warning for editors if they attempt to create a redirect that links to another redirect (a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Redirects#Double redirects|double redirect]]). The feature will recommend that they link directly to the second redirect's target page. Thanks to the user SomeRandomDeveloper for this improvement. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326056] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Wikimedia wikis allow [[w:en:WebAuthn|WebAuthn]]-based second factor checks (such as hardware tokens) during login, but the feature is [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Miscellaneous/Fix security key (WebAuthn) support|fragile]] and has very few users. The MediaWiki Platform team is temporarily disabling adding new WebAuthn keys, to avoid interfering with the rollout of [[mw:MediaWiki Platform Team/SUL3|SUL3]] (single user login version 3). Existing keys are unaffected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378402] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * For developers that use the [[wikitech:Data Platform/Data Lake/Edits/MediaWiki history dumps|MediaWiki History dumps]]: The Data Platform Engineering team has added a couple of new fields to these dumps, to support the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|Temporary Accounts]] initiative. If you maintain software that reads those dumps, please review your code and the updated documentation, since the order of the fields in the row will change. There will also be one field rename: in the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>mediawiki_user_history</code></bdi> dump, the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>anonymous</code></bdi> field will be renamed to <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>is_anonymous</code></bdi>. The changes will take effect with the next release of the dumps in February. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/LKMFDS62TXGDN6L56F4ABXYLN7CSCQDI/] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/05|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W05"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:15, 27 Mutarama 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28149374 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-06</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W06"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/06|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Editors who use the "Special characters" editing-toolbar menu can now see the 32 special characters you have used most recently, across editing sessions on that wiki. This change should help make it easier to find the characters you use most often. The feature is in both the 2010 wikitext editor and VisualEditor. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T110722] * Editors using the 2010 wikitext editor can now create sublists with correct indentation by selecting the line(s) you want to indent and then clicking the toolbar buttons.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380438] You can now also insert <code><nowiki><code></nowiki></code> tags using a new toolbar button.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383010] Thanks to user stjn for these improvements. * Help is needed to ensure the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid/Enabling Citoid on your wiki|citation generator]] works properly on each wiki. ** (1) Administrators should update the local versions of the page <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:Citoid-template-type-map.json</code> to include entries for <code dir=ltr>preprint</code>, <code dir=ltr>standard</code>, and <code dir=ltr>dataset</code>; Here are example diffs to replicate [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki%3ACitoid-template-type-map.json&diff=1189164774&oldid=1165783565 for 'preprint'] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki%3ACitoid-template-type-map.json&diff=1270832208&oldid=1270828390 for 'standard' and 'dataset']. ** (2.1) If the citoid map in the citation template used for these types of references is missing, [[mediawikiwiki:Citoid/Enabling Citoid on your wiki#Step 2.a: Create a 'citoid' maps value for each citation template|one will need to be added]]. (2.2) If the citoid map does exist, the TemplateData will need to be updated to include new field names. Here are example updates [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template%3ACitation%2Fdoc&diff=1270829051&oldid=1262470053 for 'preprint'] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template%3ACitation%2Fdoc&diff=1270831369&oldid=1270829480 for 'standard' and 'dataset']. The new fields that may need to be supported are <code dir=ltr>archiveID</code>, <code dir=ltr>identifier</code>, <code dir=ltr>repository</code>, <code dir=ltr>organization</code>, <code dir=ltr>repositoryLocation</code>, <code dir=ltr>committee</code>, and <code dir=ltr>versionNumber</code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383666] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia/en}} in [[d:Q15637215|Central Kanuri]] ([[w:knc:|<code>w:knc:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T385181] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the [[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Wikisource/Wikimedia OCR|OCR (optical character recognition) tool]] used for Wikisource now supports a new language, Church Slavonic. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T384782] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/06|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W06"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:09, 4 Gashyantare 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28203495 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-07</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W07"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/07|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Product and Technology Advisory Council (PTAC) has published [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/February 2025 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|a draft of their recommendations]] for the Wikimedia Foundation's Product and Technology department. They have recommended focusing on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/February 2025 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback/Mobile experiences|mobile experiences]], particularly contributions. They request community [[m:Talk:Product and Technology Advisory Council/February 2025 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|feedback at the talk page]] by 21 February. '''Updates for editors''' * The "Special pages" portlet link will be moved from the "Toolbox" into the "Navigation" section of the main menu's sidebar by default. This change is because the Toolbox is intended for tools relating to the current page, not tools relating to the site, so the link will be more logically and consistently located. To modify this behavior and update CSS styling, administrators can follow the instructions at [[phab:T385346|T385346]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T333211] * As part of this year's work around improving the ways readers discover content on the wikis, the Web team will be running an experiment with a small number of readers that displays some suggestions for related or interesting articles within the search bar. Please check out [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Content Discovery Experiments#Experiment 1: Display article recommendations in more prominent locations, search|the project page]] for more information. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Template editors who use TemplateStyles can now customize output for users with specific accessibility needs by using accessibility related media queries (<code dir=ltr>[https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/@media/prefers-reduced-motion prefers-reduced-motion]</code>, <code dir=ltr>[https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/@media/prefers-reduced-transparency prefers-reduced-transparency]</code>, <code dir=ltr>[https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/@media/prefers-contrast prefers-contrast]</code>, and <code dir=ltr>[https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/@media/forced-colors forced-colors]</code>). Thanks to user Bawolff for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T384175] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:22}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:22|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the global blocks log will now be shown directly on the {{#special:CentralAuth}} page, similarly to global locks, to simplify the workflows for stewards. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T377024] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Wikidata [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Default values for labels and aliases|now supports a special language as a "default for all languages"]] for labels and aliases. This is to avoid excessive duplication of the same information across many languages. If your Wikidata queries use labels, you may need to update them as some existing labels are getting removed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T312511] * The function <code dir="ltr">getDescription</code> was invoked on every Wiki page read and accounts for ~2.5% of a page's total load time. The calculated value will now be cached, reducing load on Wikimedia servers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383660] * As part of the RESTBase deprecation [[mw:RESTBase/deprecation|effort]], the <code dir="ltr">/page/related</code> endpoint has been blocked as of February 6, 2025, and will be removed soon. This timeline was chosen to align with the deprecation schedules for older Android and iOS versions. The stable alternative is the "<code dir="ltr">morelike</code>" action API in MediaWiki, and [[gerrit:c/mediawiki/services/mobileapps/+/982154/13/pagelib/src/transform/FooterReadMore.js|a migration example]] is available. The MediaWiki Interfaces team [[phab:T376297|can be contacted]] for any questions. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/GFC2IJO7L4BWO3YTM7C5HF4MCCBE2RJ2/] '''In depth''' * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/January|Language and Internationalization newsletter]] is available. It includes: Updates about the "Contribute" menu; details on some of the newest language editions of Wikipedia; details on new languages supported by the MediaWiki interface; updates on the Community-defined lists feature; and more. * The latest [[mw:Extension:Chart/Project/Updates#January 2025: Better visibility into charts and tabular data usage|Chart Project newsletter]] is available. It includes updates on the progress towards bringing better visibility into global charts usage and support for categorizing pages in the Data namespace on Commons. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/07|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W07"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:12, 11 Gashyantare 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28231022 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-08</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W08"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/08|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Communities using growth tools can now showcase one event on the <code>{{#special:Homepage}}</code> for newcomers. This feature will help newcomers to be informed about editing activities they can participate in. Administrators can create a new event to showcase at <code>{{#special:CommunityConfiguration}}</code>. To learn more about this feature, please read [[diffblog:2025/02/12/community-updates-module-connecting-newcomers-to-your-initiatives/|the Diff post]], have a look [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Community updates module|at the documentation]], or contact [[mw:Talk:Growth|the Growth team]]. '''Updates for editors''' [[File:Page Frame Features on desktop.png|thumb|Highlighted talk pages improvements]] * Starting next week, talk pages at these wikis – {{int:project-localized-name-eswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-frwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-itwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-jawiki/en}} – will get [[diffblog:2024/05/02/making-talk-pages-better-for-everyone/|a new design]]. This change was extensively tested as a Beta feature and is the last step of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Feature summary|talk pages improvements]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379102] * You can now navigate to view a redirect page directly from its action pages, such as the history page. Previously, you were forced to first go to the redirect target. This change should help editors who work with redirects a lot. Thanks to user stjn for this improvement. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T5324] * When a Cite reference is reused many times, wikis currently show either numbers like "1.23" or localized alphabetic markers like "a b c" in the reference list. Previously, if there were so many reuses that the alphabetic markers were all used, [[MediaWiki:Cite error references no backlink label|an error message]] was displayed. As part of the work to [[phab:T383036|modernize Cite customization]], these errors will no longer be shown and instead the backlinks will fall back to showing numeric markers like "1.23" once the alphabetic markers are all used. * The log entries for each change to an editor's user-groups are now clearer by specifying exactly what has changed, instead of the plain before and after listings. Translators can [[phab:T369466|help to update the localized versions]]. Thanks to user Msz2001 for these improvements. * A new filter has been added to the [[{{#special:Nuke}}]] tool, which allows administrators to mass delete pages, to enable users to filter for pages in a range of page sizes (in bytes). This allows, for example, deleting pages only of a certain size or below. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378488] * Non-administrators can now check which pages are able to be deleted using the [[{{#special:Nuke}}]] tool. Thanks to user MolecularPilot for this and the previous improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T376378] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:25}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:25|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed in the configuration for the AV1 video file format, which enables these files to play again. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382193] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Parsoid Read Views is going to be rolling out to most Wiktionaries over the next few weeks, following the successful transition of Wikivoyage to Parsoid Read Views last year. For more information, see the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification|Parsoid/Parser Unification]] project page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T385923][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T371640] * Developers of tools that run on-wiki should note that <code dir=ltr>mw.Uri</code> is deprecated. Tools requiring <code dir=ltr>mw.Uri</code> must explicitly declare <code dir=ltr>mediawiki.Uri</code> as a ResourceLoader dependency, and should migrate to the browser native <code dir=ltr>URL</code> API soon. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T384515] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/08|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W08"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:17, 17 Gashyantare 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28275610 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-09</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W09"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/09|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Administrators can now customize how the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User language|Babel feature]] creates categories using [[{{#special:CommunityConfiguration/Babel}}]]. They can rename language categories, choose whether they should be auto-created, and adjust other settings. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374348] * The <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[https://www.wikimedia.org/ wikimedia.org]</bdi> portal has been updated – and is receiving some ongoing improvements – to modernize and improve the accessibility of our portal pages. It now has better support for mobile layouts, updated wording and links, and better language support. Additionally, all of the Wikimedia project portals, such as <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[https://wikibooks.org wikibooks.org]</bdi>, now support dark mode when a reader is using that system setting. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373204][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368221][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Project_portals] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wiktionary/en}} in [[d:Q33965|Santali]] ([[wikt:sat:|<code>wikt:sat:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386619] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed that prevented clicking on search results in the web-interface for some Firefox for Android phone configurations. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381289] '''Meetings and events''' * The next Language Community Meeting is happening soon, February 28th at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1740751200 14:00 UTC]. This week's meeting will cover: highlights and technical updates on keyboard and tools for the Sámi languages, Translatewiki.net contributions from the Bahasa Lampung community in Indonesia, and technical Q&A. If you'd like to join, simply [[mw:Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Community meetings#28 February 2025|sign up on the wiki page]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/09|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W09"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:41, 25 Gashyantare 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28296129 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-10</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W10"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/10|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * All logged-in editors using the mobile view can now edit a full page. The "{{int:Minerva-page-actions-editfull}}" link is accessible from the "{{int:minerva-page-actions-overflow}}" menu in the toolbar. This was previously only available to editors using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Advanced mobile contributions|Advanced mobile contributions]] setting. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T387180] * Interface administrators can now help to remove the deprecated Cite CSS code matching "<code dir="ltr">mw-ref</code>" from their local <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[MediaWiki:Common.css]]</bdi>. The list of wikis in need of cleanup, and the code to remove, [https://global-search.toolforge.org/?q=mw-ref%5B%5E-a-z%5D&regex=1&namespaces=8&title=.*css can be found with this global search] and in [https://ace.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki:Common.css&oldid=145662#L-139--L-144 this example], and you can learn more about how to help on the [[mw:Parsoid/Parser Unification/Cite CSS|CSS migration project page]]. The Cite footnote markers ("<code dir="ltr">[1]</code>") are now rendered by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid|Parsoid]], and the deprecated CSS is no longer needed. The CSS for backlinks ("<code dir="ltr">mw:referencedBy</code>") should remain in place for now. This cleanup is expected to cause no visible changes for readers. Please help to remove this code before March 20, after which the development team will do it for you. * When editors embed a file (e.g. <code><nowiki>[[File:MediaWiki.png]]</nowiki></code>) on a page that is protected with cascading protection, the software will no longer restrict edits to the file description page, only to new file uploads.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T24521] In contrast, transcluding a file description page (e.g. <code><nowiki>{{:File:MediaWiki.png}}</nowiki></code>) will now restrict edits to the page.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T62109] * When editors revert a file to an earlier version it will now require the same permissions as ordinarily uploading a new version of the file. The software now checks for 'reupload' or 'reupload-own' rights,[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T304474] and respects cascading protection.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T140010] * When administrators are listing pages for deletion with the Nuke tool, they can now also list associated talk pages and redirects for deletion, alongside pages created by the target, rather than needing to manually delete these pages afterwards. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T95797] * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/03|previously noted]] update to Single User Login, which will accommodate browser restrictions on cross-domain cookies by moving login and account creation to a central domain, will now roll out to all users during March and April. The team plans to enable it for all new account creation on [[wikitech:Deployments/Train#Tuesday|Group0]] wikis this week. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Platform Team/SUL3#Deployment|the SUL3 project page]] for more details and an updated timeline. * Since last week there has been a bug that shows some interface icons as black squares until the page has fully loaded. It will be fixed this week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T387351] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia/en}} in [[d:Q2044560|Sylheti]] ([[w:syl:|<code>w:syl:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386441] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed with loading images in very old versions of the Firefox browser on mobile. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386400] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.19|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/10|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W10"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 02:31, 4 werurwe 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28334563 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-11</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W11"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/11|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Editors who use password managers at multiple wikis may notice changes in the future. The way that our wikis provide information to password managers about reusing passwords across domains has recently been updated, so some password managers might now offer you login credentials that you saved for a different Wikimedia site. Some password managers already did this, and are now doing it for more Wikimedia domains. This is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Platform Team/SUL3|SUL3 project]] which aims to improve how our unified login works, and to keep it compatible with ongoing changes to the web-browsers we use. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T385520][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T384844] * The Wikipedia Apps Team is inviting interested users to help improve Wikipedia’s offline and limited internet use. After discussions in [[m:Afrika Baraza|Afrika Baraza]] and the last [[m:Special:MyLanguage/ESEAP Hub/Meetings|ESEAP call]], key challenges like search, editing, and offline access are being explored, with upcoming focus groups to dive deeper into these topics. All languages are welcome, and interpretation will be available. Want to share your thoughts? [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Improving Wikipedia Mobile Apps for Offline & Limited Internet Use|Join the discussion]] or email <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">aramadan@wikimedia.org</bdi>! * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on March 19. This is planned at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1742392800 14:00 UTC]. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.20|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters/33|Growth newsletter]] is available. It includes: the launch of the Community Updates module, the most recent changes in Community Configuration, and the upcoming test of in-article suggestions for first-time editors. * An old API that was previously used in the Android Wikipedia app is being removed at the end of March. There are no current software uses, but users of the app with a version that is older than 6 months by the time of removal (2025-03-31), will no longer have access to the Suggested Edits feature, until they update their app. You can [[diffblog:2025/02/24/sunset-of-wikimedia-recommendation-api/|read more details about this change]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/11|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W11"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:10, 10 werurwe 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28372257 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-12</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W12"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/12|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Twice a year, around the equinoxes, the Wikimedia Foundation's Site Reliability Engineering (SRE) team performs [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|a datacenter server switchover]], redirecting all traffic from one primary server to its backup. This provides reliability in case of a crisis, as we can always fall back on the other datacenter. [http://listen.hatnote.com/ Thanks to the Listen to Wikipedia] tool, you can hear the switchover take place: Before it begins, you'll hear the steady stream of edits; Then, as the system enters a brief read-only phase, the sound stops for a couple of minutes, before resuming after the switchover. You can [[diffblog:2025/03/12/hear-that-the-wikis-go-silent-twice-a-year/|read more about the background and details of this process on the Diff blog]]. If you want to keep an ear out for the next server switchover, listen to the wikis on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1742392800 March 19 at 14:00 UTC]. '''Updates for editors''' * The [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&filter-type=automatic&filter-id=previous-edits&active-list=suggestions&from=en&to=es improved Content Translation tool dashboard] is now available in [[phab:T387820|10 Wikipedias]] and will be available for all Wikipedias [[phab:T387821|soon]]. With [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation#Improved translation experience|the unified dashboard]], desktop users can now: Translate new sections of an article; Discover and access topic-based [https://ig.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&active-list=suggestions&from=en&to=ig&filter-type=automatic&filter-id=previous-edits article suggestion filters] (initially available only for mobile device users); Discover and access the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Translation suggestions: Topic-based & Community-defined lists|Community-defined lists]] filter, also known as "Collections", from wiki-projects and campaigns. * On Wikimedia Commons, a [[c:Commons:WMF support for Commons/Upload Wizard Improvements#Improve category selection|new system to select the appropriate file categories]] has been introduced: if a category has one or more subcategories, users will be able to click on an arrow that will open the subcategories directly within the form, and choose the correct one. The parent category name will always be shown on top, and it will always be possible to come back to it. This should decrease the amount of work for volunteers in fixing/creating new categories. The change is also available on mobile. These changes are part of planned improvements to the UploadWizard. * The Community Tech team is seeking wikis to join a pilot for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Multiblocks|Multiblocks]] feature and a refreshed Special:Block page in late March. Multiblocks enables administrators to impose multiple different types of blocks on the same user at the same time. If you are an admin or steward and would like us to discuss joining the pilot with your community, please leave a message on the [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Multiblocks|project talk page]]. * Starting March 25, the Editing team will test a new feature for Edit Check at [[phab:T384372|12 Wikipedias]]: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Multi-check|Multi-Check]]. Half of the newcomers on these wikis will see all [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#ref|Reference Checks]] during their edit session, while the other half will continue seeing only one. The goal of this test is to see if users are confused or discouraged when shown multiple Reference Checks (when relevant) within a single editing session. At these wikis, the tags used on edits that show References Check will be simplified, as multiple tags could be shown within a single edit. Changes to the tags are documented [[phab:T373949|on Phabricator]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379131] * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global reminder bot|Global reminder bot]], which is a service for notifying users that their temporary user-rights are about to expire, now supports using the localized name of the user-rights group in the message heading. Translators can see the [[m:Global reminder bot/Translation|listing of existing translations and documentation]] to check if their language needs updating or creation. * The [[Special:GlobalPreferences|GlobalPreferences]] gender setting, which is used for how the software should refer to you in interface messages, now works as expected by overriding the local defaults. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386584] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:26}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:26|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the Wikipedia App for Android had a bug fixed for when a user is browsing and searching in multiple languages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379777] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Later this week, the way that Codex styles are loaded will be changing. There is a small risk that this may result in unstyled interface message boxes on certain pages. User generated content (e.g. templates) is not impacted. Gadgets may be impacted. If you see any issues [[phab:T388847|please report them]]. See the linked task for details, screenshots, and documentation on how to fix any affected gadgets. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.21|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/12|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W12"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:48, 17 werurwe 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28412594 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-13</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W13"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/13|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Wikimedia Foundation is seeking your feedback on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Product & Technology OKRs|drafts of the objectives and key results that will shape the Foundation's Product and Technology priorities]] for the next fiscal year (starting in July). The objectives are broad high-level areas, and the key-results are measurable ways to track the success of their objectives. Please share your feedback on the talkpage, in any language, ideally before the end of April. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] will be released to multiple wikis (see [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status#Global Deployment Plan|deployment plan]] for details) in April 2025, and the team has begun the process of engaging communities on the identified wikis. The extension provides tools to organize, manage, and promote collaborative activities (like events, edit-a-thons, and WikiProjects) on the wikis. The extension has three tools: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaboration list|Collaboration List]], and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Invitation list|Invitation Lists]]. It is currently on 13 Wikipedias, including English Wikipedia, French Wikipedia, and Spanish Wikipedia, as well as Wikidata. Questions or requests can be directed to the [[mw:Help talk:Extension:CampaignEvents|extension talk page]] or in Phabricator (with <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr" style="white-space: nowrap;">#campaigns-product-team</bdi> tag). * Starting the week of March 31st, wikis will be able to set which user groups can view private registrants in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]], as part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents]] extension. By default, event organizers and the local wiki admins will be able to see private registrants. This is a change from the current behavior, in which only event organizers can see private registrants. Wikis can change the default setup by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Requesting wiki configuration changes|requesting a configuration change]] in Phabricator (and adding the <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr" style="white-space: nowrap;">#campaigns-product-team</bdi> tag). Participants of past events can cancel their registration at any time. * Administrators at wikis that have a customized <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[MediaWiki:Sidebar]]</bdi> should check that it contains an entry for the {{int:specialpages}} listing. If it does not, they should add it using <code dir=ltr style="white-space: nowrap;">* specialpages-url|specialpages</code>. Wikis with a default sidebar will see the link moved from the page toolbox into the sidebar menu in April. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T388927] * The Minerva skin (mobile web) combines both Notice and Alert notifications within the bell icon ([[File:OOjs UI icon bell.svg|16px|link=|class=skin-invert]]). There was a long-standing bug where an indication for new notifications was only shown if you had unseen Alerts. This bug is now fixed. In the future, Minerva users will notice a counter atop the bell icon when you have 1 or more unseen Notices and/or Alerts. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344029] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * VisualEditor has introduced a [[mw:VisualEditor/Hooks|new client-side hook]] for developers to use when integrating with the VisualEditor target lifecycle. This hook should replace the existing lifecycle-related hooks, and be more consistent between different platforms. In addition, the new hook will apply to uses of VisualEditor outside of just full article editing, allowing gadgets to interact with the editor in DiscussionTools as well. The Editing Team intends to deprecate and eventually remove the old lifecycle hooks, so any use cases that this new hook does not cover would be of interest to them and can be [[phab:T355555|shared in the task]]. * Developers who use the <code dir=ltr>mw.Api</code> JavaScript library, can now identify the tool using it with the <code dir=ltr>userAgent</code> parameter: <code dir=ltr>var api = new mw.Api( { userAgent: 'GadgetNameHere/1.0.1' } );</code>. If you maintain a gadget or user script, please set a user agent, because it helps with library and server maintenance and with differentiating between legitimate and illegitimate traffic. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373874][https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Policy:Wikimedia_Foundation_User-Agent_Policy] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.22|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/13|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W13"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:43, 24 werurwe 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28443127 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-14</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W14"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/14|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The Editing team is working on a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit Check|Edit check]]: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check#26 March 2025|Peacock check]]. This check's goal is to identify non-neutral terms while a user is editing a wikipage, so that they can be informed that their edit should perhaps be changed before they publish it. This project is at the early stages, and the team is looking for communities' input: [[phab:T389445|in this Phabricator task]], they are gathering on-wiki policies, templates used to tag non-neutral articles, and the terms (jargon and keywords) used in edit summaries for the languages they are currently researching. You can participate by editing the table on Phabricator, commenting on the task, or directly messaging [[m:user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]]. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Platform Team/SUL3|Single User Login]] has now been updated on all wikis to move login and account creation to a central domain. This makes user login compatible with browser restrictions on cross-domain cookies, which have prevented users of some browsers from staying logged in. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:35}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:35|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Starting on March 31st, the MediaWiki Interfaces team will begin a limited release of generated OpenAPI specs and a SwaggerUI-based sandbox experience for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:REST API|MediaWiki REST APIs]]. They invite developers from a limited group of non-English Wikipedia communities (Arabic, German, French, Hebrew, Interlingua, Dutch, Chinese) to review the documentation and experiment with the sandbox in their preferred language. In addition to these specific Wikipedia projects, the sandbox and OpenAPI spec will be available on the [[testwiki:Special:RestSandbox|on the test wiki REST Sandbox special page]] for developers with English as their preferred language. During the preview period, the MediaWiki Interfaces Team also invites developers to [[mw:MediaWiki Interfaces Team/Feature Feedback/REST Sandbox|share feedback about your experience]]. The preview will last for approximately 2 weeks, after which the sandbox and OpenAPI specs will be made available across all wiki projects. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.23|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * Sometimes a small, [[gerrit:c/operations/cookbooks/+/1129184|one line code change]] can have great significance: in this case, it means that for the first time in years we're able to run all of the stack serving <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[http://maps.wikimedia.org/ maps.wikimedia.org]</bdi> - a host dedicated to serving our wikis and their multi-lingual maps needs - from a single core datacenter, something we test every time we perform a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|datacenter switchover]]. This is important because it means that in case one of our datacenters is affected by a catastrophe, we'll still be able to serve the site. This change is the result of [[phab:T216826|extensive work]] by two developers on porting the last component of the maps stack over to [[w:en:Kubernetes|kubernetes]], where we can allocate resources more efficiently than before, thus we're able to withstand more traffic in a single datacenter. This work involved a lot of complicated steps because this software, and the software libraries it uses, required many long overdue upgrades. This type of work makes the Wikimedia infrastructure more sustainable. '''Meetings and events''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Workshop Spring 2025|MediaWiki Users and Developers Workshop Spring 2025]] is happening in Sandusky, USA, and online, from 14–16 May 2025. The workshop will feature discussions around the usage of MediaWiki software by and within companies in different industries and will inspire and onboard new users. Registration and presentation signup is now available at the workshop's website. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/14|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W14"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:05, 1 Mata 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28473566 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-15</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W15"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/15|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * From now on, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Interface administrators|interface admins]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Central notice administrators|centralnotice admins]] are technically required to enable [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two-factor authentication|two-factor authentication]] before they can use their privileges. In the future this might be expanded to more groups with advanced user-rights. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T150898] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The Design System Team is preparing to release the next major version of Codex (v2.0.0) on April 29. Editors and developers who use CSS from Codex should see the [[mw:Codex/Release Timeline/2.0|2.0 overview documentation]], which includes guidance related to a few of the breaking changes such as <code dir=ltr style="white-space: nowrap;">font-size</code>, <code dir=ltr style="white-space: nowrap;">line-height</code>, and <code dir=ltr style="white-space: nowrap;">size-icon</code>. * The results of the [[mw:Developer Satisfaction Survey/2025|Developer Satisfaction Survey (2025)]]  are now available. Thank you to all participants. These results help the Foundation decide what to work on next and to review what they recently worked on. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.24|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Hackathon 2025|2025 Wikimedia Hackathon]] will take place in Istanbul, Turkey, between 2–4 May. Registration for attending the in-person event will close on 13 April. Before registering, please note the potential need for a [https://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkish-representations.en.mfa visa] or [https://www.mfa.gov.tr/visa-information-for-foreigners.en.mfa e-visa] to enter the country. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/15|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W15"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:53, 7 Mata 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28507470 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-16</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W16"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/16|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Later this week, the default thumbnail size will be increased from 220px to 250px. This changes how pages are shown in all wikis and has been requested by some communities for many years, but wasn't previously possible due to technical limitations. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T355914] * File thumbnails are now stored in discrete sizes. If a page specifies a thumbnail size that's not among the standard sizes (20, 40, 60, 120, 250, 330, 500, 960), then MediaWiki will pick the closest larger thumbnail size but will tell the browser to downscale it to the requested size. In these cases, nothing will change visually but users might load slightly larger images. If it doesn't matter which thumbnail size is used in a page, please pick one of the standard sizes to avoid the extra in-browser down-scaling step. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Images#Thumbnail_sizes][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T355914] '''Updates for editors''' * The Wikimedia Foundation are working on a system called [[m:Edge Uniques|Edge Uniques]] which will enable [[:w:en:A/B testing|A/B testing]], help protect against [[:w:en:Denial-of-service attack|Distributed denial-of-service attacks]] (DDoS attacks), and make it easier to understand how many visitors the Wikimedia sites have. This is so that they can more efficiently build tools which help readers, and make it easier for readers to find what they are looking for. * To improve security for users, a small percentage of logins will now require that the account owner input a one-time password [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:EmailAuth|emailed to their account]]. It is recommended that you [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-personal-email|check]] that the email address on your account is set correctly, and that it has been confirmed, and that you have an email set for this purpose. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T390662] * "Are you interested in taking a short survey to improve tools used for reviewing or reverting edits on your Wiki?" This question will be [[phab:T389401|asked at 7 wikis starting next week]], on Recent Changes and Watchlist pages. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools|Moderator Tools team]] wants to know more about activities that involve looking at new edits made to your Wikimedia project, and determining whether they adhere to your project's policies. * On April 15, the full Wikidata graph will no longer be supported on <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">[https://query.wikidata.org/ query.wikidata.org]</bdi>. After this date, scholarly articles will be available through <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr" style="white-space:nowrap;">[https://query-scholarly.wikidata.org/ query-scholarly.wikidata.org]</bdi>, while the rest of the data hosted on Wikidata will be available through the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">[https://query.wikidata.org/ query.wikidata.org]</bdi> endpoint. This is part of the scheduled split of the Wikidata Graph, which was [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update/September 2024 scaling update|announced in September 2024]]. More information is [[d:Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS graph split|available on Wikidata]]. * The latest quarterly [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Newsletter/First quarter of 2025|Wikimedia Apps Newsletter]] is now available. It covers updates, experiments, and improvements made to the Wikipedia mobile apps. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The latest quarterly [[mw:Technical Community Newsletter/2025/April|Technical Community Newsletter]] is now available. This edition includes: an invitation for tool maintainers to attend the Toolforge UI Community Feedback Session on April 15th; recent community metrics; and recent technical blog posts. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.25|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/16|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W16"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:25, 15 Mata 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28540654 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-17</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W17"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/17|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Main Page|Wikifunctions]] is now integrated with [[w:dag:Solɔɣu|Dagbani Wikipedia]] since April 15. It is the first project that will be able to call [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Introduction|functions from Wikifunctions]] and integrate them in articles. A function is something that takes one or more inputs and transforms them into a desired output, such as adding up two numbers, converting miles into metres, calculating how much time has passed since an event, or declining a word into a case. Wikifunctions will allow users to do that through a simple call of [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Catalogue|a stable and global function]], rather than via a local template. [https://www.wikifunctions.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status_updates/2025-04-16] * A new type of lint error has been created: [[Special:LintErrors/empty-heading|{{int:linter-category-empty-heading}}]] ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Lint errors/empty-heading|documentation]]). The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Linter|Linter extension]]'s purpose is to identify wikitext patterns that must or can be fixed in pages and provide some guidance about what the problems are with those patterns and how to fix them. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368722] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:37}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:37|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Following its publication on HuggingFace, the "Structured Contents" dataset, developed by Wikimedia Enterprise, is [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/kaggle-dataset/ now also available on Kaggle]. This Beta initiative is focused on making Wikimedia data more machine-readable for high-volume reusers. They are releasing this beta version in a location that open dataset communities already use, in order to seek feedback, to help improve the product for a future wider release. You can read more about the overall [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/structured-contents-snapshot-api/#open-datasets Structured Contents project], and about the [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/structured-contents-wikipedia-infobox/ first release that's freely usable]. * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''Meetings and events''' * The Editing and Machine Learning Teams invite interested volunteers to a video meeting to discuss [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Peacock check|Peacock check]], which is the latest [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check|Edit check]] that will detect "peacock" or "overly-promotional" or "non-neutral" language whilst an editor is typing. Editors who work with newcomers, or help to fix this kind of writing, or are interested in how we use artificial intelligence in our projects are encouraged to attend. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Editing team/Community Conversations#Next Conversation|meeting will be on April 28, 2025]] at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1745863200 18:00–19:00 UTC] and hosted on Zoom. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/17|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W17"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:01, 21 Mata 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28578245 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-18</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W18"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/18|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Event organizers who host collaborative activities on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status#Global Deployment Plan|multiple wikis]], including Bengali, Japanese, and Korean Wikipedias, will have access to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] this week. Also, admins in the Wikipedia where the extension is enabled will automatically be granted the event organizer right soon. They won't have to manually grant themselves the right before they can manage events as [[phab:T386861|requested by a community]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:19}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:19|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The release of the next major version of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|Codex]], the design system for Wikimedia, is scheduled for 29 April 2025. Technical editors will have access to the release by the week of 5 May 2025. This update will include a number of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Release_Timeline/2.0#Breaking_changes|breaking changes]] and minor [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Release_Timeline/2.0#Visual_changes|visual changes]]. Instructions on handling the breaking and visual changes are documented on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Release Timeline/2.0#|this page]]. Pre-release testing is reported in [[phab:T386298|T386298]], with post-release issues tracked in [[phab:T392379|T392379]] and [[phab:T392390|T392390]]. * Users of [[wikitech:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Wiki_Replicas|Wiki Replicas]] will notice that the database views of <code dir="ltr">ipblocks</code>, <code dir="ltr">ipblocks_ipindex</code>, and <code dir="ltr">ipblocks_compat</code> are [[phab:T390767|now deprecated]]. Users can query the <code dir="ltr">[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block_table|block]]</code> and <code dir="ltr">[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block_target_table|block_target]]</code> new views that mirror the new tables in the production database instead. The deprecated views will be removed entirely from Wiki Replicas in June, 2025. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.27|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/April|Language and Internationalization Newsletter]] is now available. This edition includes an overview of the improved [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=es&filter-type=automatic&filter-id=previous-edits&active-list=suggestions&from=en#/ Content Translation Dashboard Tool], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/April#Language Support for New and Existing Languages|support for new languages]], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/April#Wiki Loves Ramadan Articles Made In Content Translation Mobile Workflow|highlights from the Wiki Loves Ramadan campaign]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Research:Languages Onboarding Experiment 2024 - Executive Summary|results from the Language Onboarding Experiment]], an analysis of topic diversity in articles, and information on upcoming community meetings and events. '''Meetings and events''' * The [[Special:MyLanguage/Grants:Knowledge_Sharing/Connect/Calendar|Let's Connect Learning Clinic]] will take place on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1745937000 April 29 at 14:30 UTC]. This edition will focus on "Understanding and Navigating Conflict in Wikimedia Projects". You can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Learning Clinic %E2%80%93 Understanding and Navigating Conflict in Wikimedia Projects (Part_1)|register now]] to attend. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Hackathon 2025|2025 Wikimedia Hackathon]], which brings the global technical community together to connect, brainstorm, and hack existing projects, will take place from May 2 to 4th, 2025, at Istanbul, Turkey. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/18|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W18"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:32, 28 Mata 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28585685 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-19</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W19"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/19|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Wikimedia Foundation has shared the latest draft update to their [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026|annual plan]] for next year (July 2025–June 2026). This includes an [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026|executive summary]] (also on [[diffblog:2025/04/25/sharing-the-wikimedia-foundations-2025-2026-draft-annual-plan/|Diff]]), details about the three main [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals|goals]] ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Product & Technology OKRs|Infrastructure]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals/Volunteer Support|Volunteer Support]], and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals/Effectiveness|Effectiveness]]), [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Global Trends|global trends]], and the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Budget Overview|budget]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Financial Model|financial model]]. Feedback and questions are welcome on the [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026|talk page]] until the end of May. '''Updates for editors''' * For wikis that have the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status|CampaignEvents extension enabled]], two new feature improvements have been released: ** Admins can now choose which namespaces are permitted for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]] via [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Community Configuration|Community Configuration]] ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Registration/Permitted namespaces|documentation]]). The default setup is for event registration to be permitted in the Event namespace, but other namespaces (such as the project namespace or WikiProject namespace) can now be added. With this change, communities like WikiProjects can now more easily use Event Registration for their collaborative activities. ** Editors can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Transclusion|transclude]] the Collaboration List on a wiki page ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Collaboration list/Transclusion|documentation]]). The Collaboration List is an automated list of events and WikiProjects on the wikis, accessed via {{#special:AllEvents}} ([[w:en:Special:AllEvents|example]]). Now, the Collaboration List can be added to all sorts of wiki pages, such as: a wiki mainpage, a WikiProject page, an affiliate page, an event page, or even a user page. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Developers who use the <code dir=ltr>moment</code> library in gadgets and user scripts should revise their code to use alternatives like the <code dir=ltr>Intl</code> library or the new <code dir=ltr>mediawiki.DateFormatter</code> library. The <code dir=ltr>moment</code> library has been deprecated and will begin to log messages in the developer console. You can see a global search for current uses, and [[phab:T392532|ask related questions in this Phabricator task]]. * Developers who maintain a tool that queries the Wikidata term store tables (<code dir=ltr style="white-space: nowrap;">wbt_*</code>) need to update their code to connect to a separate database cluster. These tables are being split into a separate database cluster. Tools that query those tables via the wiki replicas must be adapted to connect to the new cluster instead. [[wikitech:News/2025 Wikidata term store database split|Documentation and related links are available]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T390954] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.28|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The latest [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates|Chart Project newsletter]] is available. It includes updates on preparing to expand the deployment to additional wikis as soon as this week (starting May 6) and scaling up over the following weeks, plus exploring filtering and transforming source data. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/19|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W19"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:15, 6 Gicurasi 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28665011 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-20</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W20"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/20|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia URL Shortener|"Get shortened URL"]] link on the sidebar now includes a [[phab:T393309|QR code]]. Wikimedia site users can now use it by scanning or downloading it to quickly share and access shared content from Wikimedia sites, conveniently. '''Updates for editors''' * The Wikimedia Foundation is working on a system called [[m:Edge Uniques|Edge Uniques]], which will enable [[w:en:A/B testing|A/B testing]], help protect against [[w:en:Denial-of-service attack|distributed denial-of-service attacks]] (DDoS attacks), and make it easier to understand how many visitors the Wikimedia sites have. This is to help more efficiently build tools which help readers, and make it easier for readers to find what they are looking for. Tech News has [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/16|previously written about this]]. The deployment will be gradual. Some might see the Edge Uniques cookie the week of 19 May. You can discuss this on the [[m:Talk:Edge Uniques|talk page]]. * Starting May 19, 2025, Event organisers in wikis with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] enabled can use [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]] in the project namespace (e.g., Wikipedia namespace, Wikidata namespace). With this change, communities don't need admins to use the feature. However, wikis that don't want this change can remove and add the permitted namespaces at [[Special:CommunityConfiguration/CampaignEvents]]. * The Wikipedia project now has a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia/en}} in [[d:Q36720|Nupe]] ([[w:nup:|<code>w:nup:</code>]]). This is a language primarily spoken in the North Central region of Nigeria. Speakers of this language are invited to contribute to [[w:nup:Tatacin feregi|new Wikipedia]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Developers can now access pre-parsed Dutch Wikipedia, amongst others (English, German, French, Spanish, Italian, and Portuguese) through the [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/docs/snapshot/#structured-contents-snapshot-bundle-info-beta Structured Contents snapshots (beta)]. The content includes parsed Wikipedia abstracts, descriptions, main images, infoboxes, article sections, and references. * The <code dir="ltr">/page/data-parsoid</code> REST API endpoint is no longer in use and will be deprecated. It is [[phab:T393557|scheduled to be turned off]] on June 7, 2025. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.1|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/News/2025_Cloud_VPS_VXLAN_IPv6_migration IPv6 support] is a newly introduced Cloud virtual network that significantly boosts Wikimedia platforms' scalability, security, and readiness for the future. If you are a technical contributor eager to learn more, check out [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2025/05/06/wikimedia-cloud-vps-ipv6-support/ this blog post] for an in-depth look at the journey to IPv6. '''Meetings and events''' * The 2nd edition of 2025 of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Afrika Baraza|Afrika Baraza]], a virtual platform for African Wikimedians to connect, will take place on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1747328400 May 15 at 17:00 UTC]. This edition will focus on discussions regarding [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026|Wikimedia Annual planning and progress]]. * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MENA Connect Community Call|MENA Connect Community Call]], a virtual meeting for [[w:en:Middle East and North Africa|MENA]] Wikimedians to connect, will take place on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1747501200 May 17 at 17:00 UTC]. You can [[m:Event:MENA Connect (Wiki_Diwan) APP Call|register now]] to attend. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/20|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W20"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:38, 12 Gicurasi 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28714188 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-21</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W21"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/21|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Editing Team and the Machine Learning Team are working on a new check for newcomers: [[mw:Edit check/Peacock check|Peacock check]]. Using a prediction model, this check will encourage editors to improve the tone of their edits, using artificial intelligence. We invite volunteers to review the first version of the Peacock language model for the following languages: Arabic, Spanish, Portuguese, English, and Japanese. Users from these wikis interested in reviewing this model are [[mw:Edit check/Peacock check/model test|invited to sign up at MediaWiki.org]]. The deadline to sign up is on May 23, which will be the start date of the test. '''Updates for editors''' * From May 20, 2025, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Oversight policy|oversighters]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Meta:CheckUsers|checkusers]] will need to have their accounts secured with two-factor authentication (2FA) to be able to use their advanced rights. All users who belong to these two groups and do not have 2FA enabled have been informed. In the future, this requirement may be extended to other users with advanced rights. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Mandatory two-factor authentication for users with some extended rights|Learn more]]. * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Multiblocks|Multiblocks]] will begin mass deployment by the end of the month: all non-Wikipedia projects plus Catalan Wikipedia will adopt Multiblocks in the week of May 26, while all other Wikipedias will adopt it in the week of June 2. Please [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Multiblocks|contact the team]] if you have concerns. Administrators can test the new user interface now on your own wiki by browsing to [{{fullurl:Special:Block|usecodex=1}} {{#special:Block}}?usecodex=1], and can test the full multiblocks functionality [[testwiki:Special:Block|on testwiki]]. Multiblocks is the feature that makes it possible for administrators to impose different types of blocks on the same user at the same time. See the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Manage blocks|help page]] for more information. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T377121] * Later this week, the [[{{#special:SpecialPages}}]] listing of almost all special pages will be updated with a new design. This page has been [[phab:T219543|redesigned]] to improve the user experience in a few ways, including: The ability to search for names and aliases of the special pages, sorting, more visible marking of restricted special pages, and a more mobile-friendly look. The new version can be [https://meta.wikimedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Special:SpecialPages previewed] at Beta Cluster now, and feedback shared in the task. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T219543] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Chart extension]] is being enabled on more wikis. For a detailed list of when the extension will be enabled on your wiki, please read the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project#Deployment Timeline|deployment timeline]]. * [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Main Page|Wikifunctions]] will be deployed on May 27 on five Wiktionaries: [[wikt:ha:|Hausa]], [[wikt:ig:|Igbo]], [[wikt:bn:|Bengali]], [[wikt:ml:|Malayalam]], and [[wikt:dv:|Dhivehi/Maldivian]]. This is the second batch of deployment planned for the project. After deployment, the projects will be able to call [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Introduction|functions from Wikifunctions]] and integrate them in their pages. A function is something that takes one or more inputs and transforms them into a desired output, such as adding up two numbers, converting miles into metres, calculating how much time has passed since an event, or declining a word into a case. Wikifunctions will allow users to do that through a simple call of [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Catalogue|a stable and global function]], rather than via a local template. * Later this week, the Wikimedia Foundation will publish a hub for [[diffblog:2024/07/09/on-the-value-of-experimentation/|experiments]]. This is to showcase and get user feedback on product experiments. The experiments help the Wikimedia movement [[diffblog:2023/07/13/exploring-paths-for-the-future-of-free-knowledge-new-wikipedia-chatgpt-plugin-leveraging-rich-media-social-apps-and-other-experiments/|understand new users]], how they interact with the internet and how it could affect the Wikimedia movement. Some examples are [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Future Audiences/Generated Video|generated video]], the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Future Audiences/Roblox game|Wikipedia Roblox speedrun game]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Future Audiences/Discord bot|the Discord bot]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:29}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:29|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, there was a bug with creating an account using the API, which has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T390751] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Gadgets and user scripts that interact with [[{{#special:Block}}]] may need to be updated to work with the new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Manage blocks|manage blocks interface]]. Please review the [[mw:Help:Manage blocks/Developers|developer guide]] for more information. If you need help or are unable to adapt your script to the new interface, please let the team know on the [[mw:Help talk:Manage blocks/Developers|talk page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T377121] * The <code dir=ltr>mw.title</code> object allows you to get information about a specific wiki page in the [[w:en:Wikipedia:Lua|Lua]] programming language. Starting this week, a new property will be added to the object, named <code dir=ltr>isDisambiguationPage</code>. This property allows you to check if a page is a disambiguation page, without the need to write a custom function. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T71441] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] User script developers can use a [[toolforge:gitlab-content|new reverse proxy tool]] to load javascript and css from [[gitlab:|gitlab.wikimedia.org]] with <code dir=ltr>mw.loader.load</code>. The tool's author hopes this will enable collaborative development workflows for user scripts including linting, unit tests, code generation, and code review on <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">gitlab.wikimedia.org</bdi> without a separate copy-and-paste step to publish scripts to a Wikimedia wiki for integration and acceptance testing. See [[wikitech:Tool:Gitlab-content|Tool:Gitlab-content on Wikitech]] for more information. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.2|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * The 12th edition of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Workshop 2025|Wiki Workshop 2025]], a forum that brings together researchers that explore all aspects of Wikimedia projects, will be held virtually on 21-22 May. Researchers can [https://pretix.eu/wikimedia/wikiworkshop2025/ register now]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/21|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W21"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:13, 19 Gicurasi 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28724712 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-22</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W22"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/22|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * A community-wide discussion about a very delicate issue for the development of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia|Abstract Wikipedia]] is now open on Meta: where to store the abstract content that will be developed through functions from Wikifunctions and data from Wikidata. The discussion is open until June 12 at [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content|Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content]], and every opinion is welcomed. The decision will be made and communicated after the consultation period by the Foundation. '''Updates for editors''' * Since last week, on all wikis except [[phab:T388604|the largest 20]], people using the mobile visual editor will have [[phab:T385851|additional tools in the menu bar]], accessed using the new <code>+</code> toolbar button. To start, the new menu will include options to add: citations, hieroglyphs, and code blocks. Deployment to the remaining wikis is [[phab:T388605|scheduled]] to happen in June. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] The <code dir=ltr>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserFunctions##ifexist|#ifexist]]</code> parser function will no longer register a link to its target page. This will improve the usefulness of [[{{#special:WantedPages}}]], which will eventually only list pages that are the target of an actual red link. This change will happen gradually as the source pages are updated. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T14019] * This week, the Moderator Tools team will launch [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|a new filter to Recent Changes]], starting at Indonesian Wikipedia. This new filter highlights edits that are likely to be reverted. The goal is to help Recent Changes patrollers identify potentially problematic edits. Other wikis will benefit from this filter in the future. * Upon clicking an empty search bar, logged-out users will see suggestions of articles for further reading. The feature will be available on both desktop and mobile. Readers of Catalan, Hebrew, and Italian Wikipedias and some sister projects will receive the change between May 21 and mid-June. Readers of other wikis will receive the change later. The goal is to encourage users to read the wikis more. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Content Discovery Experiments/Search Suggestions|Learn more]]. * Some users of the Wikipedia Android app can use a new feature for readers, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/TrivaGame|WikiGames]], a daily trivia game based on real historical events. The release has started as an A/B test, available to 50% of users in the following languages: English, French, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, Arabic, Chinese, and Turkish. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Newsletter|Newsletter extension]] that is available on MediaWiki.org allows the creation of [[mw:Special:Newsletters|various newsletters]] for global users. The extension can now publish new issues as section links on an existing page, instead of requiring a new page for each issue. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T393844] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The previously deprecated <code dir=ltr>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Ipblocks table|ipblocks]]</code> views in [[wikitech:Help:Wiki Replicas|Wiki Replicas]] will be removed in the beginning of June. Users are encouraged to query the new <code dir=ltr>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block table|block]]</code> and <code dir=ltr>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block target table|block_target]]</code> views instead. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.3|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Wikidata and Sister Projects|Wikidata and Sister Projects]] is a multi-day online event that will focus on how Wikidata is integrated to Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia projects. The event runs from May 29 – June 1. You can [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Wikidata and Sister Projects#Sessions|read the Program schedule]] and [[d:Special:RegisterForEvent/1291|register]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/22|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W22"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:05, 26 Gicurasi 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28788673 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-23</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W23"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/23|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Chart extension]] is now available on all Wikimedia wikis. Editors can use this new extension to create interactive data visualizations like bar, line, area, and pie charts. Charts are designed to replace many of the uses of the legacy [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph|Graph extension]]. '''Updates for editors''' * It is now easier to configure automatic citations for your wiki within the visual editor's [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid/Enabling Citoid on your wiki|citation generator]]. Administrators can now set a default template by using the <code dir=ltr>_default</code> key in the local <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[MediaWiki:Citoid-template-type-map.json]]</bdi> page ([[mw:Special:Diff/6969653/7646386|example diff]]). Setting this default will also help to future-proof your existing configurations when [[phab:T347823|new item types]] are added in the future. You can still set templates for individual item types as they will be preferred to the default template. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T384709] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Starting the week of June 2, bots logging in using <code dir=ltr>action=login</code> or <code dir=ltr>action=clientlogin</code> will fail more often. This is because of stronger protections against suspicious logins. Bots using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Bot passwords|bot passwords]] or using a loginless authentication method such as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/Owner-only consumers|OAuth]] are not affected. If your bot is not using one of those, you should update it; using <code dir=ltr>action=login</code> without a bot password was deprecated [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/3EEMN7VQX5G7WMQI5K2GP5JC2336DPTD/|in 2016]]. For most bots, this only requires changing what password the bot uses. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395205] * From this week, Wikimedia wikis will allow ES2017 features in JavaScript code for official code, gadgets, and user scripts. The most visible feature of ES2017 is <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>async</code>/<code>await</code></bdi> syntax, allowing for easier-to-read code. Until this week, the platform only allowed up to ES2016, and a few months before that, up to ES2015. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381537] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.4|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * Scholarship applications to participate in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM Wiki 2025|GLAM Wiki Conference 2025]] are now open. The conference will take place from 30 October to 1 November, in Lisbon, Portugal. GLAM contributors who lack the means to support their participation can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM Wiki 2025/Scholarships|apply here]]. Scholarship applications close on June 7th. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/23|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W23"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:55, 2 Kamena 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28819186 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-24</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W24"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/24|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product|Trust and Safety Product team]] is finalizing work needed to roll out [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] on large Wikipedias later this month. The team has worked with stewards and other users with extended rights to predict and address many use cases that may arise on larger wikis, so that community members can continue to effectively moderate and patrol temporary accounts. This will be the second of three phases of deployment – the last one will take place in September at the earliest. For more information about the recent developments on the project, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Updates|see this update]]. If you have any comments or questions, write on the [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|talk page]], and [[m:Event:CEE Catch up Nr. 10 (June 2025)|join a CEE Catch Up]] this Tuesday. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist expiry|watchlist expiry]] feature allows editors to watch pages for a limited period of time. After that period, the page is automatically removed from your watchlist. Starting this week, you can set a preference for the default period of time to watch pages. The [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-watchlist-pageswatchlist|preferences]] also allow you to set different default watch periods for editing existing pages, pages you create, and when using rollback. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T265716] [[File:Talk pages default look (April 2023).jpg|thumb|alt=Screenshot of the visual improvements made on talk pages|Example of a talk page with the new design, in French.]] * The appearance of talk pages will change at almost all Wikipedias ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/19|some]] have already received this design change, [[phab:T379264|a few]] will get these changes later). You can read details about the changes [[diffblog:2024/05/02/making-talk-pages-better-for-everyone/|on ''Diff'']]. It is possible to opt out of these changes [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion|in user preferences]] ("{{int:discussiontools-preference-visualenhancements}}"). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T319146][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T392121] * Users with specific extended rights (including administrators, bureaucrats, checkusers, oversighters, and stewards) can now have IP addresses of all temporary accounts [[phab:T358853|revealed automatically]] during time-limited periods where they need to combat high-speed account-hopping vandalism. This feature was requested by stewards. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386492] * This week, the Moderator Tools and Machine Learning teams will continue the rollout of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|a new filter to Recent Changes]], releasing it to several more Wikipedias. This filter utilizes the Revert Risk model, which was created by the Research team, to highlight edits that are likely to be reverted and help Recent Changes patrollers identify potentially problematic contributions. The feature will be rolled out to the following Wikipedias: {{int:project-localized-name-afwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hawwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-iswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-simplewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/en}}. The rollout will continue in the coming weeks to include [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|the rest of the Wikipedias in this project]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391964] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * AbuseFilter editors active on Meta-Wiki and large Wikipedias are kindly asked to update AbuseFilter to make it compatible with temporary accounts. A link to the instructions and the private lists of filters needing verification are [[phab:T369611|available on Phabricator]]. * Lua modules now have access to the name of a page's associated thumbnail image, and on [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/g/operations/mediawiki-config/+/2e4ab14aa15bb95568f9c07dd777065901eb2126/wmf-config/InitialiseSettings.php#10849 some wikis] to the WikiProject assessment information. This is possible using two new properties on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#added-by-extensions|mw.title objects]], named <code dir=ltr>pageImage</code> and <code dir=ltr>pageAssessments</code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T131911][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380122] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.5|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/24|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W24"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:17, 10 Kamena 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28846858 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-25</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W25"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/25|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * You can [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/359761?lang=en nominate your favorite tools] for the sixth edition of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award|Coolest Tool Award]]. Nominations are anonymous and will be open until June 25. You can re-use the survey to nominate multiple tools. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:33}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:33|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.6|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * Foundation staff and technical volunteers use Wikimedia APIs to build the tools, applications, features, and integrations that enhance user experiences. Over the coming years, the MediaWiki Interfaces team will be investing in Wikimedia web (HTTP) APIs to better serve technical volunteer needs and protect Wikimedia infrastructure from potential abuse. You can [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2025/06/12/apis-as-a-product-investing-in-the-current-and-next-generation-of-technical-contributors/ read more about their plans to evolve the APIs in this Techblog post]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/25|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W25"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:38, 16 Kamena 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28870688 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-26</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W26"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/26|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * This week, the Moderator Tools and Machine Learning teams will continue the rollout of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|a new filter to Recent Changes]], releasing it to the third and last batch of Wikipedias. This filter utilizes the Revert Risk model, which was created by the Research team, to highlight edits that are likely to be reverted and help Recent Changes patrollers identify potentially problematic contributions. The feature will be rolled out to the following Wikipedias: {{int:project-localized-name-azwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-swwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tlwiki/en}}. The rollout will continue in the coming weeks to include [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|the rest of the Wikipedias in this project]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391964] '''Updates for editors''' * Last week, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] were rolled out on Czech, Korean, and Turkish Wikipedias. This and next week, deployments on larger Wikipedias will follow. [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|Share your thoughts]] about the project. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T340001] * Later this week, the Editing team will release [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Multi check|Multi Check]] to all Wikipedias (except English Wikipedia). This feature shows multiple [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Reference check|Reference checks]] within the editing experience. This encourages users to add citations when they add multiple new paragraphs to a Wikipedia article. This feature was previously available as an A/B test. [https://analytics.wikimedia.org/published/reports/editing/multi_check_ab_test_report_final.html#summary-of-results The test shows] that users who are shown multiple checks are 1.3 times more likely to add a reference to their edit, and their edit is less likely to be reverted (-34.7%). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395519] * A few pages need to be renamed due to software updates and to match more recent Unicode standards. All of these changes are related to title-casing changes. Approximately 71 pages and 3 files will be renamed, across 15 wikis; the complete list is in [[phab:T396903|the task]]. The developers will rename these pages next week, and they will fix redirects and embedded file links a few minutes later via a system settings update. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:24}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:24|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed that had caused pages to scroll upwards when text near the top was selected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T364023] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Editors can now use Lua modules to filter and transform tabular data for use with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Extension:Chart]]. This can be used for things like selecting a subset of rows or columns from the source data, converting between units, statistical processing, and many other useful transformations. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Transforms|Information on how to use transforms is available]]. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates] * The <code dir=ltr>all_links</code> variable in [[Special:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]] is now renamed to <code dir=ltr>new_links</code> for consistency with other variables. Old usages will still continue to work. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391811] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.7|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters/34|Growth newsletter]] is available. It includes: the recent updates for the "Add a Link" Task, two new Newcomer Engagement Features, and updates to Community Configuration. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/26|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W26"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:21, 23 Kamena 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28870688 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-27</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W27"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/27|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] has been enabled on all Wikipedias. The extension makes it easier to organize and participate in collaborative activities, like edit-a-thons and WikiProjects, on the wikis. The extension has three features: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaboration list|Collaboration List]], and [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Invitation list|Invitation List]]. To request the extension for your wiki, visit the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status#How to Request the CampaignEvents Extension for your wiki|Deployment information page]]. '''Updates for editors''' * AbuseFilter maintainers can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:IPReputation/AbuseFilter variables|match against IP reputation data]] in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilters]]. IP reputation data is information about the proxies and VPNs associated with the user's IP address. This data is not shown publicly and is not generated for actions performed by registered accounts. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T354599] * Hidden content that is within [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Collapsible elements|collapsible parts of wikipages]] will now be revealed when someone searches the page using the web browser's "Find in page" function (Ctrl+F or ⌘F) in supporting browsers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T327893][https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Reference/Global_attributes/hidden#browser_compatibility] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] A new feature, called [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData/Template discovery|Favourite Templates]], will be deployed later this week on all projects (except English Wikipedia, which will receive the feature next week), following a piloting phase on Polish and Arabic Wikipedia, and Italian and English Wikisource. The feature will provide a better way for new and experienced contributors to recall and discover templates via the template dialog, by allowing users to put templates on a special "favourite list". The feature works with both the visual editor and the wikitext editor. The feature is a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas/Template recall and discovery|community wishlist focus area]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed that had caused some Notifications to be sent multiple times. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T397103] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.8|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/27|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W27"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:41, 30 Kamena 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28917415 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-28</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W28"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/28|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Temporary accounts|Temporary accounts]] have been rolled out on 18 large and medium-sized Wikipedias, including German, Japanese, French, and Chinese. Now, about 1/3 of all logged-out activity across wikis is coming from temporary accounts. Users involved in patrolling may be interested in two new documentation pages: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Access to IP|Access to IP]], explaining everything related to access to temporary account IP addresses, and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Repository|Repository]] with a list of new gadgets and user scripts. '''Updates for editors''' * Anyone can play an experimental new game, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/New Engagement Experiments/WikiRun|WikiRun]], that lets you race through Wikipedia by clicking from one article to another, aiming to reach a target page in as few steps and in as little time as possible. The project's goal is to explore new ways of engaging readers. [https://wikirun-game.toolforge.org/ Try playing the game] and let the team know what you think [[mw:Talk:New Engagement Experiments/WikiRun|on the talk page]]. * Users of the Wikipedia Android app in some languages can now play the new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/TrivaGame|trivia game]]. ''Which came first?'' is a simple history game where you guess which of two events happened earlier on today's date. It was previously available as an A/B test. It is now available to all users in English, German, French, Spanish, Portuguese, Russian, Arabic, Turkish, and Chinese. The goal of the feature is to help engage with new generations of readers. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/22] * Users of the iOS Wikipedia App in some languages may see a new tabbed browsing feature that enables you to open multiple tabs while reading. This feature makes it easier to explore related topics and switch between articles. The A/B test is currently running in Arabic, English, and Japanese in selected regions. More details are available on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Tabbed Browsing (Tabs)|Tabbed Browsing project page]]. * Bureaucrats on Wikimedia wikis can now use [[{{#special:VerifyOATHForUser}}]] to check if users have enabled [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two-factor authentication|two-factor authentication]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T265726] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] A new feature related to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas/Template recall and discovery|Template Recall and Discovery]] will be deployed later this week to all Wikimedia projects: a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData/Template discovery#Template categories|template category browser]] will be introduced to assist users in finding templates to put in their “favourite” list. The browser will allow users to browse a list of templates which have been organised into a given category tree. The feature has been requested by the community [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Wishes/Select templates by categories|through the Community Wishlist]]. * It is now possible to access watchlist preferences from the watchlist page. Also the redundant button to edit the watchlist has been removed. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Moderator_Tools/Watchlist] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * As part of [[mw:MediaWiki_1.44|MediaWiki 1.44]] there is now a unified built-in Notifications system that makes it easier for developers to send, manage, and customize notifications. Check out the updated documentation at [[mw:Manual:Notifications|Manual:Notifications]], information about migration in [[phab:T388663|T388663]] and details on deprecated hooks in [[phab:T389624|T389624]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.9|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Event:WikidataCon 2025|WikidataCon 2025]], the conference dedicated to Wikidata is now open for [https://pretalx.com/wikidatacon-2025/cfp session proposals] and for [[d:Special:RegisterForEvent/1340|registration]]. This year's event will be held online from October 31 – November 02 and will explore on the theme of "Connecting People through Linked Open Data". '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/28|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W28"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:06, 8 Nyakanga 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28930584 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-29</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W29"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/29|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData/Template discovery#Featured templates|Featured templates]], a new feature related to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas/Template recall and discovery|Template Recall and Discovery]] will be deployed this week to all Wikimedia projects: With this feature, editors will be able to quickly access a list of templates that are likely to be useful. These templates will be displayed in a list, under the "featured" tab of the template discovery interface. Administrators can define the list via the Community Configuration interface. The feature fulfills a request by the community [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Wishes/Easy access Templates|through the Community Wishlist]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T367428][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T392896] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the request to add Malayalam fonts in the [[oldWikisource:Special:MyLanguage/Wikisource:WS Export|Wikisource Book Export Tool]] was resolved and now, the rendering of Malayalam letters in exported Wikisource books are accurate. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374457] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.10|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * Developers, designers, and all Wikimedians are invited to [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/7953/ submit a project idea] for the Wikimania Hackathon 2025. Read [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/06/30/call-for-projects-wikimania-hackathon-2025-is-coming-to-nairobi/ this Diff blog post] for more details. '''Meetings and events''' * [[m:WikiIndaba conference 2025|WikiIndaba 2025]] scholarship application and program submission is open until 23:59 GMT on July 20. WikiIndaba is a regional conference for African Wikimedians both on the continent and in the diaspora to unite and grow together. Submit [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdJTv68R1OPASXXDfpIl8EWiMLTM-TDwh6_5gNVvFuWccFZ2Q/viewform your scholarship application] and [https://ee.kobotoolbox.org/x/BI3omIfH program proposal] now! * [https://br.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiCon_Brasil_2025 WikiCon Brasil 2025] will take place on July 19-20 in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. The Brazilian community members are encouraged to register and attend! '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/29|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W29"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:10, 14 Nyakanga 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28980963 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-30</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W30"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/30|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The Translation Suggestions feature in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation|Content Translation tool]] now has another level of article filters added to the "[https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&filter-type=automatic&filter-id=previous-edits&active-list=suggestions&from=en&to=fi#/ ... More]" category. Translators who use the Suggestions feature can now select and receive article suggestions that are customized to geographical locations of their interest using the new "{{int:Cx-sx-suggestions-filters-tab-regions}}" filter. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T113257] * Administrators can now limit "Add a Link" to newcomers. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|"Add a Link"]] Structured Task [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Constructive activation experimentation#Enwiki A/B test & "Add a Link" Improvements (Wiki Experiences 1.2.11 & 1.2.16)|helps new account holders start editing]], but some communities have requested the ability to restrict it to its intended audience: newcomers. Administrators can configure this setting within the [[Special:CommunityConfiguration/GrowthSuggestedEdits|Community Configuration]] feature. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:29}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:29|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * For AbuseFilter editors on [[phab:T392144|some wikis]], it is now possible to filter edits based on the RevertRisk score of the edit being attempted. It is only populated if the action being evaluated is an edit. For more information, please see the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:ORES/AbuseFilter variables#What variables are available for use|ORES/AbuseFilter variables]] documentation. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Beta Cluster|Beta Cluster]] wikis have [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/YDABPV75LADRQCXMJAFWUP256N4EQ25B/|been moved]] from <code dir=ltr>beta.wmflabs.org</code> to <code dir=ltr>beta.wmcloud.org</code>. Users may need to update URLs in any tools, or in their password managers. Any related issues can be [[phab:T289318|reported in the task]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.11|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WikiCite 2025|WikiCite 2025]] will take place from 29–31 August, both online and in-person in Bern, Switzerland. The event's goals are to reconnect communities, institutions, and individuals working with open citations, bibliographic data, and the Wikidata/Wikibase ecosystem. Registration is open and the call for proposals will be announced soon. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikidata@lists.wikimedia.org/message/KQZUG3ETKLBWPBYSB2YAWZIRPWHS24TG/] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/30|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W30"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:43, 21 Nyakanga 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29005283 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-31</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W31"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/31|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Community Tech team will be focusing on wishes related to Watchlists and Recent Changes pages, over the next few months. They are looking for feedback. Please [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates#July 24, 2025: Watchlists and Recent Changes pages|read the latest update]], and if you have ideas, please [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist|submit a wish]] on the topic. '''Updates for editors''' * The Wikimedia Commons community has decided to block [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Upload dialog|cross-wiki uploads]] to Wikimedia Commons, for all users without autoconfirmed rights on that wiki, starting on August 16. This is because of [[:c:Commons:Cross-wiki media upload tool/History|widespread problems]] related to files that are uploaded by newcomers. Users who are affected by this will get an error message with a link to the less restrictive UploadWizard on Commons. Please help translating the [[:c:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki:Abusefilter-disallowed-cross-wiki-upload|message]] or give feedback on the message text. Please also update your local help pages to explain this restriction. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370598] * On wikis with temporary accounts enabled and Meta-Wiki, administrators may now set up a footer for the Special:Contributions pages of temporary accounts, similar to those which can be shown on IP and user-account pages. They may do it by creating the page named <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:Sp-contributions-footer-temp</code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398347] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.12|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2025:Wikimania|Wikimania 2025]] will run from August 6–9. The [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/schedule/ program is available] for you to plan which sessions you want to attend. Most sessions will be live-streamed, with exceptions for those that show the "no camera" icon. If you are joining online to watch live-streams and use the interactive features, please [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2025:Registration|register]] for a free virtual ticket. For example, you may be interested in technical sessions such as: ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/KFEFVG/ Temporary Accounts: Enhancing privacy for our unregistered editors] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/TVCVAB/ Building a Sustainable Future for Wikimedia Contributors] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/WTRQCJ/ A dozen visions for wikitext!] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/8YKKP9/ Coordinate Across Stakeholders with the Product and Technology Advisory Council] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Fall 2025|MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference, Fall 2025]] will be held 28–30 October 2025 in Hanover, Germany. This event is organized by and for the third-party MediaWiki community. You can propose sessions and register to attend. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/31|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W31"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:27, 29 Nyakanga 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29051727 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-32</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W32"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/32|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Editors can now enable the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Anti-abuse signals/User Info|User Info card]]. This feature adds an icon next to usernames on history pages and similar user-contribution log pages. When you tap or click on the icon, it displays data related to that user account such as the number of edits, reverted edits, blocks, and more. It's part of a broader project to make it easier for moderators to evaluate account trustworthiness. The feature can be enabled in [[testwiki:Special:GlobalPreferences#mw-prefsection-rendering|your global preferences]], and later this week it will be available in local preferences. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386439] * Everybody is invited to share comments on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaborative contributions|Collaborative Contributions]], a project recently launched by the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Connection Team|Connection team]]. The project aims to create a new way to display the impact of collaborative editing activities (such as edit-a-thons, backlog drives, and WikiProjects) on the wikis. Post your comments on the [[m:Talk:CampaignEvents/Collaborative contributions|project talk page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378035] * Administrators can now define the default block duration for temporary accounts. To do that, they need to create a page named <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:Ipb-default-expiry-temporary-account</code> and use a value defined in <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:Ipboptions</code>. This allows administrators to easily block temporary accounts for 90 days, which is functionally equivalent to an indefinite block. The advantage of this solution is that it does not clutter Special:BlockList. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block and unblock#Default block duration options|More documentation]] is available. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398626] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Gadgets can now include <code dir=ltr>.vue</code> files. This makes it easier to develop modern user interfaces using [[mw:Vue.js|Vue.js]], in particular using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|Codex]], the official design system of Wikimedia. [[wmdoc:codex/latest/icons/overview.html|Codex icons]] can be loaded through the gadget definition. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets#Pages|The documentation]] has examples. For user scripts that use Vue.js, an [[mw:API:CodexIcons|API module]] now exists to load Codex icons. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T340460][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T311099] * Module developers can now use a [[mw:Help:Extension:Translate/Message Bundles/Lua reference|Lua interface]] to simplify the preparation of Lua modules for translation on Meta-Wiki. This improvement makes it easier for translators to find and edit module strings without dealing with raw Lua code. It helps prevent mistakes that could break the module during translation. Module developers and translators are invited to [[commons:File:Translatable modules video demo July 2025.webm|watch the demo video]], read more about [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Translatable modules|translatable modules]] to understand how it works, refer to Meta-Wiki's [[m:Module:User Wikimedia project|Module:User Wikimedia project]] for example usage, and [[mw:Talk:Translatable modules|share their feedback]] on how well it addresses the challenges in their workflow. The interface still has some performance issues, so it should not be used in widely used modules yet. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T359918] * Developers of external tools that connect to Wikimedia pages must set a user-agent that complies with [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Wikimedia Foundation User-Agent Policy|the user-agent policy]]. This policy will start to be more strongly enforced in August because of external crawlers that are [[diffblog:2025/04/01/how-crawlers-impact-the-operations-of-the-wikimedia-projects/|overusing]] Wikimedia's resources. Tools that are hosted on Wikimedia's Toolforge or Cloud VPS will not be affected by this for now, but should still set a user-agent. [[phab:T400119|More technical details are available]], and related questions are welcome in that task. * Parsoid Read Views is going to be rolling out to some smaller Wikipedias over the next few weeks, following the successful transition of Wikivoyages and Wiktionaries to Parsoid Read Views. For more information, see the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification|Parsoid/Parser Unification]] project page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/profile/7694/] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.13|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2025:Wikimania|Wikimania 2025]] will run from August 6–9. The [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/schedule/ program is available] for you to plan which sessions you want to attend. Most sessions will be live-streamed, with exceptions for those that show the "no camera" icon. If you are joining online to watch live-streams and use the interactive features, please [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2025:Registration|register]] for a free virtual ticket. For example, you may be interested in technical sessions such as: ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/GEH9DH/ Wikimedia’s knowledge infrastructure in a changing internet: Establishing sustainable pathways for content reuse] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/7ELN9Q/ Wikifunctions is coming soon to a wiki near you!] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/ZMGVJV/ Shaping the Future of Wikipedia’s Reader Experience] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/KCKTFZ/ Making Wikipedia More Readable: What Comes Next] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/32|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W32"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 03:41, 5 Kanama 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29083927 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-33</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W33"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/33|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The WikiEditor toolbar now includes [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:WikiEditor#Keyboard shortcuts|its keyboard shortcuts]] in the tooltips for its buttons. This will help to improve the discoverability of this feature. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400583] * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product and Technology Advisory Council]] published a set of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/August 2025 draft PTAC proposals for feedback|proposed experiments]] the Wikimedia Foundation can try to improve communication with community. Feedback on the proposals are welcomed until August 22 on [[m:Talk:Product and Technology Advisory Council/August 2025 draft PTAC proposals for feedback|this talk page]]. * The search bar on the Minerva skin (mobile) has been updated to use the same type-ahead search component that is used on the Vector 2022 skin. There are no changes in search functionality but there are minor visual changes. Specifically, the close-search button has been changed from an "X" to a back arrow. This helps to distinguish it from the other "X" button that is used to clear any text. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T393944] * Editors on some wikis will see a new toggle for "Group results by page" on watchlist, related changes, and recent changes pages. This is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Watchlist/Experiment|an A/B experiment]] that is planned to start on August 11, and will run for 3–6 weeks on the Bengali, Chinese, Czech, French, Greek, Portuguese, and Urdu Wikipedias. The experiment will examine how making this feature more discoverable might affect editors' ability to find the edits they are looking for. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T396789] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The multiwiki datasets of [[:wikt:en:Module:Unicode data|Unicode data]] have been moved to [[c:Category:Unicode Module Datasets|Category:Unicode Module Datasets]] on Wikimedia Commons, to follow the idea of "One common data source, multiple local wikis". Most wikis have been updated to use the Commons version. You can ask questions at [[c:Category talk:Unicode Module Datasets|the talkpage]]. [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Module_talk:Unicode_data#Data_from_commons] * Lua code can add warnings when something is wrong, by using the <code dir=ltr>mw.addWarning()</code> function. It is now possible to add more than one warning, instead of new warnings replacing old ones. If you maintain a Lua module that used warnings, you should check it still works as expected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398390] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.14|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/33|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W33"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:30, 11 Kanama 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29106516 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-34</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W34"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/34|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Later this week, people who are logged-in and have the "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Feature summary|Discussion tools]]" [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Beta Feature]] enabled will gain the ability to "Thank" individual comments directly from talk pages, rather than needing to navigate to page history. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Feature summary#Comment actions|Learn more about this feature]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400849] * An A/B test comparing two versions of the desktop donate link launched on testwiki on 12 August and on English Wikipedia 14 August for 0.1% of logged out users on the desktop site. The experiment will run for three weeks, ending on 12 September. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395716] * An A/A test to measure the baseline for reader retention was launched 12 August using [[wikitech:Experimentation Lab|Experimentation Lab]]. This measures the percentage of users who revisit a wiki after their initial visit over a 14-day period. No visual changes are expected. The experiment will run through 31 August. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399227] * Five new wikis have been created: ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource/en}} in [[d:Q34057|Tagalog]] ([[s:tl:|<code>s:tl:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T388639] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource/en}} in [[d:Q36213|Madurese]] ([[s:mad:|<code>s:mad:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391747] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia/en}} in [[d:Q3450749|Rakhine]] ([[w:rki:|<code>w:rki:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T392490] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikibooks/en}} in [[d:Q13324|Minangkabau]] ([[b:min:|<code>b:min:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395452] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wiktionary/en}} in [[d:Q7598268|Standard Moroccan Amazigh]] ([[wikt:zgh:|<code>wikt:zgh:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399684] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:46}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:46|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.15|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/34|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W34"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:39, 19 Kanama 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29127690 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-35</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W35"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/35|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Template authors can now use additional CSS properties, since the CSS sanitizer used by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateStyles|TemplateStyles]] was updated. For example: <code>width: fit-content</code>; <code>ruby-align</code>; relative units such as <code>lh</code>; and custom strings in <code>list-style-type</code>. These improvements are a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Wishes/Allow use of modern CSS in templates by updating the TemplateStyles CSS sanitizer|Community Wishlist wish]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T271958][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T277755][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T293633][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T295088][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326906][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T340057][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T360725][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T371809][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375344][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T394619] * On large wikis, the default time period to display edits from, within the Special:RecentChanges page, has been changed from 7 days to 1 day. This is part of a performance improvement project. This should have no user-facing impact due to the quantity of edits on these wikis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399455] * Administrators can now access the [[{{#special:BlockedExternalDomains}}]] page from the [[{{#special:CommunityConfiguration}}]] list page. This makes it easier to find. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T393240] * Wikimedia Commons videos were not shown in the Videos tab in Google Search. The problem was investigated and reported to Google who have now fixed the issue. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T396168][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Community_Wishlist/Wishes/Do_something_about_Google_%26_DuckDuckGo_search_not_indexing_media_files_and_categories_on_Commons] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wiktionary/en}} in [[d:Q33014|Betawi]] ([[wikt:bew:|<code>wikt:bew:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402130] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:39}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:39|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Two fields of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Recentchanges table|recentchanges database table]] are being removed. <code>rc_new</code> and <code>rc_type</code> are being removed in favor of <code>rc_source</code>. Queries to these older fields will start to fail starting this week and developers should use <code>rc_source</code> instead. These older fields were deprecated over 10 years ago and should not be in use. This is part of work to improve the performance and stability of queries to the recentchanges table. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400696] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.16|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/July|Language and Internationalization Newsletter]] is now available. This edition includes: support for new languages in MediaWiki and translatewiki; the start of the Language Onboarding and Development project to help support the growth of new and small wikis; updates on research projects; and more. '''Meetings and events''' * The next [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Community meetings#29 August 2025|Language Community Meeting]] is happening soon, August 29th at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1756479600 15:00 UTC]. This week's meeting will cover: the Avro keyboard developers from Wikimedia Bangladesh, who were recently awarded a national award for their contributions to this keyboard; and other topics. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/35|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W35"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:13, 26 Kanama 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29175124 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-36</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W36"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/36|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Editing team wants to compile a list of templates, jargon terms, and policies used in edit summaries when a copyright violation is removed. This will help them identify the number of edits reverted due to copyright issues. We invite community members from the following Wikis to list these terms in [[Phab:T402601|T402601]], or to share their list with [[User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek_(WMF)]]: {{int:project-localized-name-arwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-dewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-enwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-eswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-frwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-idwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-itwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-jawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-plwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ptwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ukwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-viwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-zhwiki/en}}. This project is open until September 9th 2025. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] has been enabled for all Wikisources. The extension makes it easier to organize and participate in collaborative activities, like edit-a-thons and WikiProjects, on the wikis. The extension has three features: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaboration list|Collaboration List]], and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Connection Team/Invitation list|Invitation List]]. To request the extension for your wiki, visit the Deployment information page. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/CampaignEvents/Deployment_status#How_to_Request_the_CampaignEvents_Extension_for_your_wiki] * The lists in the footer of the editing interface, such as "Templates used on this page," will now be organized into columns when there is enough space. This enhancement minimizes scrolling when editing lengthy articles on Wikipedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401066] * On September 3rd, 2025 we will increase the sampling percentages of our [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Watchlist/Experiment#Scope of the experiment|group by toggle experiment]] of the <code>Special:RecentChanges</code>, <code>Special:Watchlist</code>, and <code>Special:RelatedChanges</code> pages on the Chinese, French, and Portuguese Wikipedias to 100 percent, allowing more editors to be part of this experiment. This adjustment is intended to ensure we have sufficient data to make informed decisions when evaluating the experiment results. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402958][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T396789] * Upon clicking an empty search bar, logged-out users will see suggestions of articles for further reading on English Wikipedia beginning the week of September 22. The feature will be available on both desktop and mobile. All non-English wikis received this change in June and July. The goal is to make it easier for users to find articles. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Content Discovery Experiments/Search Suggestions|Learn more]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:37}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:37|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.17|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * Wikifunctions now has a new capability called "lightweight enumeration types", an enumeration type is simply a fixed set of values that's in the type's definition. This capability makes it quick and easy to define such a type, and allows for the reuse of values that are already present in Wikidata. Here is [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-07-19|a newsletter]] to learn more. * The latest [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Newsletter updates#August 2025: Newsletter #1|Readers Newsletter]] is now available. This edition includes: the formation of two new teams — Reader Growth and Reader Experience; insights into declining pageviews and account creations; highlights from the Wikimania Nairobi panel on improving the reading experience; upcoming experiments to engage new and existing readers; and more. '''Meetings and events''' * Spotlight on some Wikimania 2025 Sessions: ** Identifying AI-generated text by searching for ISBNs whose checksums fail: Mathias Schindler of WMDE [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dw9o8Lsl974&t=15910s shared tools to help communities search for these]. ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/TCHZKH/ La durabilité du mouvement Wikimedia face aux défis actuels et futurs]: This session explored how Wikimedia can stay a trusted source of knowledge in the age of generative AI, information overload, and disinformation. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/36|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W36"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:51, 1 Nzeri 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29196010 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-37</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W37"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/37|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Editing team is working on a new check: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Paste check|Paste check]]. This check informs newcomers who paste text into Wikipedia that the content might not be accepted. This check is an effort to increase the likelihood that the new content people are adding to Wikipedia is aligned with the Movement's commitment to offering information under a free content license. This check will soon be tested at a few wikis. If your community is interested in this test, please [[phab:T403680|tell us in this task]], or [[mw:Talk:Edit check|contact the team]]. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Later this week, users of the "{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}" [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]] will be able to use a [[w:en:Lint (software)|linting tool]] to see errors or other potential problems in wikitext in real time. See the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Linting|help page for more information]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381577] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] When browsing a wiki (like <code dir=ltr>en.wikipedia.org</code>), the software responds in one of two ways: a desktop page, or a redirect to a mobile version on an "m" domain (like <code dir=ltr>en.m.wikipedia.org</code>). Over the next three weeks, MediaWiki will start displaying the mobile version to mobile devices directly on the standard domain, without this redirect. This change does not affect existing m-dot URLs, or the "Desktop view" opt-out. [[mw:Requests for comment/Mobile domain sunsetting/2025 Announcement|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T214998] * When an edit changes the categories of a page, the changes to the category membership counts are now happening asynchronously. This improves the speed of saving edits, especially when moving many pages to or from the same category, and reduces the risk of site outages, but it means that the counts can show outdated information for a few minutes. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T365303] * Edits on Wikidata to qualifiers (properties and values) and references (properties and values) in a Wikidata item statement will now not add entries to the RecentChanges or Watchlist pages on all other Wikis. This is a temporary change to improve performance while other solutions are created. Wikidata's own pages remain unchanged. [[m:Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects/Reduce change propagation noise#Phase 1: Turn off (temporarily) Qualifiers and References Wikidata edits to the Recent Changes tables|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401286][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400698] * Japanese-language wikis have had a major upgrade to the way that search works. The new search should generally give more accurate and more relevant search results. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T318269] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.18|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/37|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W37"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:15, 9 Nzeri 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29238161 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-38</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W38"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/38|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * References lists that are made using the <code dir=ltr><nowiki><references/></nowiki></code> [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Cite#references-tag|tag]] will now automatically display with columns in Vector 2022 when readers are using its 'standard' settings for text-size and page-width. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334941] * Starting in the week of October 6, on [[git:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/small.dblist|small wikis]] and [[git:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/medium.dblist|medium wikis]] that have the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] enabled, all autoconfirmed users will be able to use [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]] as an organizer. No changes will be made for [[git:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/large.dblist|large wikis]] unless requested in Phabricator. This change is being made to make it easier for more people to use Event Registration, especially on wikis that are less likely to have policies related to the Event Organizer right. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Proposal to grant autoconfirmed users on small and medium wikis the organizer access to the event registration tool|Learn more]]. * Users that search using regular expressions (regex) can now use additional features including: ** for the <code dir=ltr>intitle:</code> keyword: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#Metacharacters|metacharacters]] for start-of-line (<code dir=ltr>^</code>) and end-of-line (<code dir=ltr>$</code>) anchors [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T317599] ** for both <code dir=ltr>intitle:</code> and <code dir=ltr>insource:</code> keywords: shorthand [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#Character_Classes|character classes]] for digits (<code dir=ltr>\d</code>), whitespace (<code dir=ltr>\s</code>), and word characters (<code dir=ltr>\w</code>); and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#Escape codes|escape codes]] for line feed (<code dir=ltr>\r</code>), newline (<code dir=ltr>\n</code>), tab (<code dir=ltr>\t</code>), and unicode (e.g. <code dir=ltr>\uHHHH</code>). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T403212] * When you search for text that looks like an IP, the system will now show search results. It used to take you to the contributions for that IP instead of showing search results. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T306325] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|All wikis will be read-only]] for a few minutes on September 24. This is planned at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1758726000 15:00 UTC]. This is for the datacenter server switchover backup tests which happen twice a year. You can [[diffblog:2025/03/12/hear-that-the-wikis-go-silent-twice-a-year/|read more about the background and details of this process on the Diff blog]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:24}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:24|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed that affected users who used the page-tabs to switch from wikitext editing of a section into the visualeditor. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401043] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The MediaWiki Interfaces team is redesigning the Wikimedia REST API Sandbox with Codex. If you have feedback on improvements for the API documentation or what makes developer experiences smooth (or frustrating), you’re invited to [https://calendar.google.com/calendar/u/0/appointments/schedules/AcZssZ2aZzbXeQvjOF7gB1fJXiwAYemQjKf4sXNaRODPA7_obFyNBwkzNkoVCoTF-aeov89kIjXHbCQm join an upcoming discovery interview], or [[mw:MediaWiki Interfaces Team/Developer Feedback/Wikimedia Web APIs|leave feedback onwiki]]. [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/C4FBAOA57PH6G5ORVMAUF5TGYBLZDU5Q/|Learn more]]. * Edits to Wikidata aliases (an alternative name for an item or a property) will now be shown in RecentChanges and Watchlist entries on other wikis less often, reducing unnecessary notifications. This will reduce the overall quantity of 'noisy' entries. Wikidata's own pages remain unchanged. [[m:Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects/Reduce change propagation noise#Phase 1: More granular Alias tracking|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401288] * The new [https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode17.0.0/ Unicode 17.0] version has been released. The [[:c:Category:Unicode Module Datasets|datasets on Commons]] for the [[:d:Q39301585|Module:Unicode data]] have been updated. Wikipedias that do not use the Commons datasets should either update their own data or switch to the Commons datasets. * Users of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise|Wikimedia Enterprise]] Structured Contents endpoints can now access [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/parsed-wikipedia-tables/ Parsed Tables]. The new Parsed Tables feature extracts and represents Wikipedia tables in structured JSON. This improves machine accessibility as part of the [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/api/structured-contents/ Structured Contents initiative]. Structured Contents output is freely available through the [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/docs/on-demand/#article-structured-contents-beta On-demand API], or through Wikimedia Cloud Services. * A [https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/wikimedia-foundation/english-wikipedia-people-dataset dataset of English Wikipedia biographical information] from [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise|Wikimedia Enterprise]] has been published on Kaggle, for evaluation and research. This provides structured data from more than 1.5 million biographies, including birth and death dates, education, affiliations, careers, awards, and more (from a June 2024 snapshot). * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.19|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2026:Scholarships|Scholarship applications]] for Wikimania 2026 in Paris, France, are open until October 31. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/38|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W38"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:08, 15 Nzeri 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29263921 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-39</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W39"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/39|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1758726000 On September 24th at 15:00 UTC], all Wikimedia sites users will experience a brief read-only period due to a scheduled [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|datacenter server switchover]]. The Wikimedia Foundation's Site Reliability Engineering (SRE) team will redirect all traffic from one primary server to its backup. You can listen to the switchover using the [http://listen.hatnote.com/ "Listen to Wikipedia"] tool, where you will hear edits stop for a few minutes during the read-only phase, then resume. This twice-yearly datacenter server switchover ensures reliability by testing the backup datacenter, so that our sites can stay online even if the primary datacenter fails. You can [[diffblog:2025/03/12/hear-that-the-wikis-go-silent-twice-a-year/|read more about the process on the Diff blog]]. '''Updates for editors''' * Editors of [[f:Special:Mylanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-09-12#Next round of Wiktionaries to receive embedded Wikifunctions calls|60 more Wiktionaries]] will soon be able to call [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Introduction|functions from Wikifunctions]] and integrate them into their pages. A function takes one or more inputs and transforms them into a desired output, like adding numbers, converting miles to meters, calculating elapsed time, or declining a word into a case. They will join the other [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-08-29#Wikifunctions available on 65 Wiktionaries|65 Wiktionary language editions]], which already have access to embedded Wikifunctions calls. Later this year, plans are in place to expand to more Wiktionaries and the Incubator. * A new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#Technical metadata of another page|parser function]] has been added: <code><nowiki>{{#contentmodel}}</nowiki></code>. Template editors and admins can use it to get the localized or canonical name of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:ChangeContentModel|content model]] of a specific page. The function makes it easier to create and edit system messages, such as ''MediaWiki:editinginterface'', even when you switch types of pages, like wiki, JavaScript, CSS or JSON page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328254] * Adding or editing a <code>DISPLAYTITLE</code> for an article using VisualEditor will no longer be broken. Editors who use VisualEditor mode to modify the <code><nowiki>{{DISPLAYTITLE}}</nowiki></code> would no longer have the literal text "DISPLAYTITLE" or its localized variant added to their articles. A list of pages that may have been affected and might need cleanup is documented in [[phab:P83438|this ticket]]. * Beta users of the Wikipedia Android app can now try the redesigned [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/Activity Tab Experiment|Activity tab]], which replaces the Edits tab. The new tab offers personalized insights into reading, editing, and donation activity, while simplifying navigation and making app use more engaging. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:12}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:12|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.20|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * Wikifunctions users can now import many essential facts involving [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Z6011|geo-coordinates]], [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Z6010|quantities]] and [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Z6064|time]] values from Wikidata. This is made possible by the creation of Wikifunctions types for these values, which makes them available for use by functions in Wikifunctions. Learn more about how this works in [[c:File:ImportingWikidataDatatypesIntoWikifunctions.webm|this video]] and Wikifunctions' [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-08-01#News in Types I: Wikidata quantity|August 1 newsletter]] (for quantities) and [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-08-22#News in Types: Wikidata geo-coordinate|August 22 newsletter]] (for geo-coordinates). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/39|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W39"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:56, 22 Nzeri 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29305556 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-40</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W40"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/40|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * A major software upgrade has been made to [[phab:|Phabricator]]. The update introduces performance improvements, a refreshed search interface, enhancements to Maniphest task search, updates to user profile pages and project workboards, new Herald automation features, as well as general text input, mobile experience improvements and more. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/phame/post/view/321/iterative_improvements_september_2025/] '''Updates for editors''' * The Community Tech team will release the new Community Wishlist extension on October 1, that will improve the way wishes will be submitted. The new extension will allow users to add tags to their wishes to better categorise them, and (in a future iteration) to filter them by status, tags and focus areas. It will also be possible to support individual wishes again, as requested by the community in many instances. The old system will be retired. There will be a brief period of downtime while the extension is deployed and wishes are migrated to the new system. You can read more about this [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates|in the latest update]] or you can consult the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CommunityRequests|current documentation on MediaWiki]]. * As announced [[diffblog:2025/09/02/better-detecting-bots-and-replacing-our-captcha/|on Diff blog]], the production trial of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Anti-abuse signals/hCaptcha|hCaptcha]] service for bot detection has begun. The trial is currently using hCaptcha to protect account creation on Chinese, Persian, Portuguese, Indonesian, Japanese, and Turkish Wikipedias, where it will replace our existing [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:ConfirmEdit#FancyCaptcha|CAPTCHA]] (FancyCaptcha). The goal with the trial is to better block bots while also improving usability and accessibility for users who encounter CAPTCHA challenges. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents]] extension has been [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status|deployed]] to Wikimedia Commons. The extension makes it easier to organize and participate in collaborative activities, like edit-a-thons and WikiProjects, on the wikis. On Commons, anyone who is a registered user can use it as an event participant. To use it as an organizer, someone needs to have the [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Event organizers|event organizer right]]. * [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]], a new feature to re-use references with different details has been released to German Wikipedia. You can [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#test|test the feature]] on testwiki or [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmcloud.org/wiki/Sub-referencing on betawiki] as well. Please share your thoughts on [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Templates used in sub-references|using templates in sub-references]] or [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Pilot wikis|volunteer to become a pilot wiki]]. * On wikis using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Mentorship|Mentorship]] system, communities can now opt experienced editors out of Mentorship through [[{{#special:CommunityConfiguration/Mentorship}}]]. Within this setting, communities may define thresholds, based on edit count and account age, to decide when an editor is considered experienced enough to no longer receive Mentorship. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T403563] * The Editing Team and the Machine Learning Team are working on a new check for newcomers: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Tone Check|Tone check]]. Using a prediction model, this check will encourage editors to improve the tone of their edits, using artificial intelligence. We invite volunteers to review the first version of the Tone language model for the following languages: Arabic, Czech, German, Hebrew, Indonesian, Dutch, Polish, Russian, Turkish, Chinese, Farsi, Italian, Norwegian, Romanian and Latvian. Users from these wikis interested in reviewing this model are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit_check/Tone_Check/Model_evaluation|invited to sign up at MediaWiki.org]]. The deadline to sign up is on October 3, which will be the start date of the test. * The rollout of [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Manage blocks|multiblocks]] had the side effect that non-active block logs may have been shown on {{#special:Contributions}} and on blocked users' user and user_talk pages. This issue will be fully resolved in a few days. As part of the fix, [{{fullurl:Special:Allmessages|prefix=sp-contributions-blocked-notice}} messages prefixed with <code>sp-contributions-blocked-notice</code>] will be removed and replaced with [{{fullurl:Special:Allmessages|prefix=blocked-notice-logextract}} those prefixed with <code>blocked-notice-logextract</code>] in a few weeks. Please help translate the new messages and update any local overrides if needed. * There was a bug with links added using visual editor if they included characters such as <code dir=ltr><nowiki>[ ] |</nowiki></code> after the fragment identifier (<code><nowiki>#</nowiki></code>). They were not encoded properly creating an incorrect link. This has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T404823] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikiquote/en}} in [[d:Q9237|Malay]] ([[q:ms:|<code>q:ms:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T404698] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Anti-abuse signals/User Info|User Info Card]] now displays currently active global lock/blocks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401128] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Later this week, editors using Lua modules will be able to use the <code>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#mw.title.newBatch|mw.title.newBatch]]</code> function to look up the existence of up to 25 pages at once, in a way that only increases the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Parser functions#Expensive parser functions|expensive function]] count once. * A new [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group|Unsupported Tools Working Group]] has been formed as part of ongoing efforts to collectively determine technical work priorities, similar to the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product & Technology Advisory Council]] (PTAC). The working group will help prioritize and review requests for support of unmaintained extensions, gadgets, bots, and tools. For the first cycle, the group will be prioritizing an unsupported Wikimedia Commons tool. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.21|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/40|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W40"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:53, 29 Nzeri 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29355230 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-41</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W41"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/41|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#paste|Paste Check]] is a new Edit Check feature to help avoid and fight copyright violations. When editors paste text into an article, Paste Check prompts them to confirm the origin and licensing of the content. Starting Wednesday, 8 October, [[phab:T403680|22 wikis will test Paste Check]]. Paste Check will help new volunteers understand and follow the policies and guidelines necessary to make constructive contributions to Wikipedia projects. '''Updates for editors''' * Mobile devices will receive mobile articles directly on the standard domain (like <code>en.wikipedia.org</code>), instead of via a redirect to an "m" domain (like <code>en.m.wikipedia.org</code>). This change improves performance. This week it will be enabled on Wikipedias. The existing mobile URLs and the "Desktop view" opt-out remain available. [[mw:Requests for comment/Mobile domain sunsetting/2025 Announcement|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T214998] * New [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#creationdate and lasteditdate|date filters]], <code dir=ltr>creationdate:</code> and <code dir=ltr>lasteditdate:</code>, are now available in the wiki search engine. This allows users to filter search results by a page's first or last revision date. The filters support comparison operators (e.g. <code dir=ltr>>2024</code>) and relative dates (e.g. <code dir=ltr>today-1d</code>), making it easier to find recently updated content or pages within specific age ranges. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T403593] * [[f:|Wikifunctions]] now supports rich text in embedded calls across the 150 wikis where it's enabled. To showcase this, the team created a [[f:Z26333|Latin declination table]] that Wiktionary editors can use to automatically generate noun forms, producing clear, formatted results — see an [[f:Wikifunctions:Embedded function calls/Wiktionary tables demonstration|example output]]. If you need any help or have any feedback, please [[f:Wikifunctions:Project chat|contact the Wikifunctions Team]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T397402] * An edit link will now appear inside the categories box on article pages for logged in users, which will directly launch the VisualEditor category dialog. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T291691] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:34}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:34|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, there was a problem downloading pdf files last week and that has been resolved. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T405957] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The field <code dir=ltr>rev_sha1</code> in the revision database table is being removed in favor of <code dir=ltr>content_sha1</code> in the content database table. See [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/cloud@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/2D2M3SP4WHR6BXXKTZ2PBLZQYR3EGQVR/ the announcement] for more information. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web|Reader Experience team]] will roll out [[w:en:Light-on-dark color scheme|Dark Mode]] user interface on all Wikimedia sites on October 29, 2025. All anonymous users of Wikimedia sites will have the option to activate a color scheme that features light-colored text on a dark background. This is designed to provide a more comfortable reading experience, especially in low-light situations. Template authors and technical contributors are encouraged to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading/Updates/2024-04|learn how to make pages ready for Dark mode]] and address any compatibility issues found in templates in their wiki before the enablement. Please contact the Web team for questions or any support on [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading#|this talk page]] before the enablement. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395628] * Starting on Monday, October 6, API endpoints under the <code>rest.php</code> path will be rerouted through a new internal API Gateway. Individual wikis will be updated based on the standard release groups, with total traffic increased over time. This change is expected to be non-breaking and non-disruptive. If any issues are observed, please file a Phabricator ticket to the [[phab:tag/serviceops/|Service Ops team board]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400130] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.22|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/41|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W41"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:24, 6 Ukwakira 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29400897 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-42</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W42"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/42|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Last week, improvements to account security and two-factor authentication (2FA) features were enabled across all wikis. These changes include user interface improvements for [https://auth.wikimedia.org/metawiki/wiki/Special:AccountSecurity Special:AccountSecurity], the support of multiple 2FA methods via authenticator apps and portable security keys (previously users could only enable one method), and a new Recovery Codes module which facilitates fewer account lockouts due to lost two-factor apps and devices. As part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Account Security]] project, work is continuing through the rest of 2025 on further user experience improvements, and support for passkeys as an alternate second factor. '''Updates for editors''' * Another part of the Account security project is making 2FA generally available to all users. Along with editors with advanced privileges, such as administrators and bureaucrats, 40% of editors now have access to 2FA. You can check if you have access at [https://auth.wikimedia.org/metawiki/wiki/Special:AccountSecurity Special:AccountSecurity]. Instructions for activation are on the linked page. The plan is to continue increasing availability if it is determined that the user support capabilities are able to support global usage. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400579] * This week, users at wikis where talk page [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability|Usability Improvements]] are already available by default (everywhere ''except'' the 12 wikis listed in [[phab:T379264|T379264]]) will gain the ability to Thank a comment directly from the talk page it appears on. Before this change, Thanking could only be done by visiting the revision history of the talk page. You can [[diffblog:2025/10/13/revolutionizing-gratitude-a-new-era-of-thanking-comments/|learn more about this change]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366095] * Users who have not [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-personal-email|verified their email address]] will soon be receiving monthly Notification reminders to do so. This is because users who have verified their email can more easily recover their account. These reminders will not be sent if the user is inactive or removes the unverified email from their account. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Email_confirmation][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T58074] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a fix was made for an occasional error with saving translated paragraphs in the Content Translation tool, and the related error messages are now easier to see. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T376531] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The Unsupported Tools Working Group has chosen [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Video2commons|Video2Commons]] as the first tool for its pilot cycle. The group will explore ways to improve and sustain the tool over the coming months. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group|Learn more on Meta]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.23|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/42|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W42"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:00, 13 Ukwakira 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29434481 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-43</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W43"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/43|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * To optimize how user data is stored in our databases, the saved preferences of users who haven't logged in for over five years and have fewer than 100 edits will be cleared. When those users return, default settings will apply. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406724] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, there was a broken link from the GlobalContributions interface message to the XTools GlobalContributions page which has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406415] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The work to reroute all traffic to API endpoints under the <code dir=ltr><nowiki>rest.php</nowiki></code> route through a common API gateway is now complete. If any issues are observed, please file a phabricator ticket to the [[phab:tag/serviceops/|Service Ops team board]]. * Edits to Wikidata references or qualifiers will now be shown in RecentChanges and Watchlist entries on other wikis less often, reducing unnecessary notifications. This will reduce the overall quantity of 'noisy' entries. Wikidata's own pages remain unchanged. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401290] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.24|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/43|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W43"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:37, 20 Ukwakira 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29478670 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-44</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W44"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/44|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The Wikipedia iOS app has launched an A/B/C test of improvements made to the tabbed browsing feature for select regions and languages. The test, named “More dynamic tabs”, explores new tab experiences and includes “Did you know” and “Because you read” article recommendations. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Tabbed Browsing (Tabs)/New Tab Experience and Recommendations Experiment|read more on the project page]]. * Autoconfirmed users on [[git:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/small.dblist|small]] and [[git:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/medium.dblist|medium wikis]] with the CampaignEvents extension can now use [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]] without the Event Organizer right. This feature lets organizers enable registration, manage participants, and lets users register with one click instead of signing event pages. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue of flashing colors when holding or pressing the arrow keys under the dark mode settings in Vector 2022 has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402285] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The CampaignEvents extension will be deployed to all remaining wikis during the week of 17 November 2025. The extension currently includes three features: Event Registration, Collaboration List, and Invitation List. For this rollout, Invitation List will not be enabled on Wikifunctions and MediaWiki unless requested by those communities. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status|Visit the deployment page to learn more]]. * The SwaggerUI-based REST sandbox experience is now live on all wiki projects. The sandbox can be accessed through the [[{{#special:RestSandbox}}]] page. Please report any issues to the MediaWiki Interfaces team board, or join the discussion on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Interfaces Team/Feature Feedback/REST Sandbox|project launch]] page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/6931/] * Transform endpoints with a trailing slash path in the MediaWiki REST API are now marked as deprecated. They will remain functional during this time, but removal is expected by the end of January 2026. All API users currently calling them are encouraged to transition to the non-trailing slash versions. Both endpoint variations can be found and tested using the [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?api=mw-extra&title=Special%3ARestSandbox REST Sandbox]. See the [[mw:API/Deprecation|MediaWiki REST API Deprecation]] page for more detailed information about the API deprecation policies and procedures. * A dedicated [[mw:API:REST API/Changelog|changelog now exists for the MediaWiki REST API]]. The changelog provides an overview of these changes, making it easier for developers to keep track of improvements and iterations. Announcements will also continue to flow through the standard communication channels, including Tech News and email distribution lists, but can now be more easily referenced from a central location. If you have feedback about the style, structure, or content of this changelog, please [[mw:API talk:REST API/Changelog|join the discussion]]. * Administrators can delete the tracking category which was previously added by the JsonConfig extension, as it is no longer used. See the categories linked from [[d:Q130635582#sitelinks-wikipedia|Q130635582]]. It is OK if there are still pages listed in the category as that is just a caching issue, and they will be automatically cleared out the next time each page is edited. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378352] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.25|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/44|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W44"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:32, 27 Ukwakira 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29513638 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-45</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W45"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/45|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Administrators will now find that [[{{#special:MergeHistory}}]] is now significantly more flexible about what it can merge. It can now merge sections taken from the middle of the history of the source (rather than only the start) and insert revisions anywhere in the history of the destination page (rather than only the start). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382958] * For users with "{{int:discussiontools-preference-autotopicsub}}" [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|enabled in their preferences]], starting a new topic or adding a reply to an existing topic will now subscribe them to replies to that topic. Previously, this would only happen if the DiscussionTools "{{int:Skin-action-addsection}}" or "{{int:Discussiontools-replybutton}}" widgets were used. When DiscussionTools was originally launched existing accounts were not opted in to automatic topic subscriptions, so this change should primarily affect newer accounts and users who have deliberately changed their preferences since that time. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T290778] * Scribunto modules can now be used to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#SVG library|generate SVG images]]. This can be used to build charts, graphics and other visualizations dynamically through Lua, reducing the need to compose them externally and upload them as files. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T405861] * Wikimedia sites now provide all anonymous users with the option to enable a dark mode color scheme, featuring light-colored text on a dark background. This enhancement aims to deliver a more enjoyable reading experience, especially in dimly lit environments. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395628] * Users with large watchlists have long faced timeouts when editing [[Special:EditWatchlist|Special:EditWatchlist]]. The page now loads entries in smaller sections instead of all at once due to a paging update, allowing everyone to edit their watchlists smoothly. As part of the database update, sorting by expiry has been removed because it was over 100× slower than sorting by title. A [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Community_Wishlist/W454 community wish] has been created to explore alternative ways to restore sort-by-expiry. If this feature is important to you, please support the wish! [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T41510] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the fixing of the persisting highlighting when using VisualEditor find and replace during a query. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T407318] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Since 2019 the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia URL Shortener|Wikimedia URL Shortener]] at https://w.wiki is available for all Wikimedia wikis to create short links to articles, permalinks, diffs, etc. It is available in the sidebar as "Get shortened URL". There are 30 wikis that also install an older "ShortUrl" extension. The old extension will soon be removed. This means <code>/s/</code> URLs will not be advertised under article titles via HTML <code dir=ltr>class="title-shortlink"</code>. The <code>/s/</code> URLs will keep working. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T107188] * On Thursday, October 30, the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Interfaces Team|MediaWiki Interfaces]] and [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Site Reliability Engineering|SRE Service Operations]] teams began rerouting Action API traffic through a common API gateway. Individual wikis will be updated based on the standard release groups, with total traffic increased over time. This change is expected to be non-breaking and non-disruptive. If any issues are observed, please file a Phabricator ticket to the [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/tag/serviceops/ Service Ops team] board. * MediaWiki Train deployments will pause for the final two weeks of 2025: 22 December and 29 December. Backport windows will also pause between Monday, 22 December 2025 and Thursday, 2 January 2026. A backport window is a scheduled time to add things like bug fixes and configuration changes. There are seven deployment trains remaining for 2025. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/SMWTEAES4SDLDUSK4HMWNBSKNCXZAWYN/] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.26|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * In 2025, the Wikimedia Foundation reported that AI systems and search engines increasingly use Wikipedia content without driving users to the site, contributing to an 8% drop in human pageviews compared to 2024. After detecting bots disguised as humans, Wikimedia updated its traffic data to reflect this shift. Read more about current user trends on Wikipedia in [[diffblog:2025/10/17/new-user-trends-on-wikipedia/|a Diff blog post]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/45|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W45"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:35, 3 Ugushyingo 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29552512 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-46</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W46"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/46|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' [[File:Talk pages default look (April 2023).jpg|thumb|alt=Screenshot of the visual improvements made on talk pages|Example of a talk page with the new design, in French.]] * Starting November 12, users will see a change in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Feature summary#Usability improvements|appearance of talk pages]] on [[Phab:T379264|some Wikipedias]]. Almost [[phab:T392121|all wikis]] have received this design change; [[phab:T409297|English Wikipedia]] will get these changes later. You can read more [[diffblog:2024/05/02/making-talk-pages-better-for-everyone/|on ''Diff'']]. Users can opt out of these changes [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|in their user preferences]] in "{{int:discussiontools-preference-visualenhancements}}". [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379264] * MediaWiki can now display a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Protection indicators|page indicator]] automatically while a page is protected. This feature is disabled by default. It can be enabled by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Requesting wiki configuration changes|community request]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T12347] * Using the "{{int:showpreview}}" or "{{int:showdiff}}" buttons in the wikitext editor will now carry over certain URL parameters like '[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Parameters to index.php#useskin|useskin]]', '[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Parameters to index.php#uselang|uselang]]' and '[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Section#Editing sections|section]]'. This update also fixes an issue where, if the browser crashed while previewing an edit to a single section, saving this edit could overwrite the entire page with just that section’s content. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T62744][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T24029][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T155097] * Wikivoyage wikis can use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer#Markers and counters|colored map markers in the article text]]. The text of these markers will now be shown in contrasting black or white color, instead of always being white. Local workarounds for the problem can be removed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T369454] * The Activity tab in the Wikipedia Android app is now available for all users. The new tab offers personalized insights into reading, editing, and donation activity, while simplifying navigation and making app use more engaging. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/Android/Activity_Tab_Experiment] * The Reader Growth team is launching an experiment called "Image browsing" to test how to make it easier for readers to browse and discover images on Wikipedia articles. This experiment, a mobile-only A/B test, will go live on English Wikipedia in the week of November 17 and will run for four weeks, affecting 0.05% of users on English wiki. The test launched on November 3 on Arabic, Chinese, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese wikis, affecting up to 10% of users on those wikis. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Readers/Reader_Growth/WE3.1.3_Image_Browsing] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example the inability to lock accounts on mobile sites has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T256185] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[wikitech:Help talk:Toolforge/Toolforge standards committee#November 2025 committee nominations|Nominations are open on Wikitech]] for new [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Toolforge standards committee|Toolforge standards committee]] members. The committee oversees the Toolforge [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Right to fork policy|Right to fork policy]] and [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Abandoned tool policy|Abandoned tool policy]] among other duties. Nominations will remain open through 2025-11-28. * The [[w:JSON Web Token#Standard fields|JWT issuer field]] in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/For Developers#OAuth 2|OAuth 2 access tokens]] for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Unified login|SUL wikis]] has been changed to <code><nowiki>https://meta.wikimedia.org</nowiki></code>. Old access tokens will still work. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399199] * The [[w:JSON Web Token#Standard fields|JWT subject field]] in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/For Developers#OAuth 2|OAuth 2 access tokens]] will soon change from <code><user id></code> to <code dir=ltr style="white-space:nowrap">mw:<identity type>:<user id></code>, where <code><identity type></code> is typically <code dir=ltr>CentralAuth:</code><!-- not a typo --> (for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Unified login|SUL wikis]]) or <code dir=ltr style="white-space:nowrap">local:<wiki id></code> (for other wikis). This is to avoid conflicts between different user ID types, and to make OAuth 2 access tokens and the <code>sessionJwt</code> cookie more similar. Old access tokens will still work. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399199] * MediaWiki's block messages ([[MediaWiki:Blockedtext|blockedtext]], [[MediaWiki:Blockedtext-partial|blockedtext-partial]], [[MediaWiki:Autoblockedtext|autoblockedtext]], [[MediaWiki:Systemblockedtext|systemblockedtext]], [[MediaWiki:Blockedtext-tempuser|blockedtext-tempuser]], [[MediaWiki:Autoblockedtext-tempuser|autoblockedtext-tempuser]]) now support additional parameters indicating whether the user is blocked from editing their own user talk page <code><nowiki>$9</nowiki></code> or emailing other users <code><nowiki>$</nowiki><nowiki>10</nowiki></code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T285612] * A <code>REL1_45</code> branch for MediaWiki core and each of the extensions and skins in Wikimedia git has been created. This is the first step in the release process for MediaWiki 1.45.0, scheduled for late November 2025. If you are working on a critical bug fix or working on a new feature, you may need to take note of this change. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/ZUY7TY3Z6XPZWZVAZV63OPO5OW52Q6GE/] * The process for generating CirrusSearch dumps has been updated due to slowing performance. If you encounter any issues migrating to the replacement dumps, please contact the Search Platform Team for support. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366248][https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/3KQPOR6ACVN6OVLMLZPIBXQSWQKW4E3K/] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.2|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/46|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W46"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:38, 10 Ugushyingo 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29606150 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-47</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W47"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/47|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Reader Experience team]] is experimenting with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4_Reading lists|reading lists on mobile web]], allowing logged-in readers with no edits to save private lists of articles for later. The experiment is running on Arabic, Chinese, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese Wikipedias since the week of 10 November, and will begin on English Wikipedia the week of 17 November. * Users who can’t receive their email verification code during login can now get help by submitting a form on a new special page. This update is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Account Security]] initiative. If your account has an email address, please make sure you still have access to it. When logging in from a new device or location without 2FA, you may be asked to enter a 6-digit code sent by email to finish logging in. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security#Why are you requiring me to enter a code from my email to log in? Can I opt out of this?|Learn more]]. * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource}} in [[d:Q13324|Minangkabau]] ([[s:min:|<code>s:min:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T408317] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * As part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification|Parser Unification]] project, the Content Transform Team rolled out Parsoid as the default parser to many low-traffic Wikipedias and is preparing the next step to high traffic ones. This message is an invitation for you to opt-in to Parsoid, as described in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration|Extension:ParserMigration]] documentation, and identify any issues you might encounter with your own workflow using bots, gadgets, or user scripts. Please, let us know through the ''"Report Visual Bug"'' link in the Tools sidebar or create a phab ticket and tag the [[phab:project/view/5846|Content Transform Team in Phabricator]]. * Unsupported Tools: Several issues with [[:c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Video2commons|Video2Commons]] have been fixed, including filename-related upload failures, black-video imports, and retry handling. AV1 support has also been added. Ongoing work focuses on backend stability, ffmpeg errors, subtitle imports, metadata handling, and playlist uploads. To track specific tasks, check the [[phab:tag/video2commons/|Phabricator board]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.3|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * Save the date for the next Wikimedia Hackathon happening in Milan, Italy from May 1–3, 2026. Registration will open in January 2026. [https://pretix.eu/wikimedia/Hackathon-2026/ Scholarship applications are currently open], and will close on November 28, 2025. If you have any questions, please email <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">hackathon@wikimedia.org</bdi>. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/47|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W47"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:26, 17 Ugushyingo 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29627455 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-48</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W48"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/48|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Last week, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Search Platform|Wikimedia Search Team]] recreated the "DWIM" (Do What I Mean) gadget functionality server-side, for Russian and Hebrew Wikipedias. This feature adds cross-keyboard suggestions to the standard search-box suggestions. For example, searching for ''<span lang="und" dir="ltr">cxfcnmt</span>'' on Russian Wikipedia will now add suggestions for ''<span lang="ru" dir="ltr">счастье</span>'' ("happiness") that the user probably intended. They plan to enable this feature for other Russian and Hebrew wikis this week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T408734] * Later this week, users of the "{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}" [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]] will have syntax highlighting available in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]]. This requires that the "{{int:discussiontools-preference-sourcemodetoolbar}}" preference be set. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T407918] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|Campaign events extension]] – the set of tools for coordinating events and other on-wiki collaborations has now been deployed to all Wikimedia wikis. A new feature known as [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaborative contributions|Collaborative contribution]] to help organizers and participants see the impact of activities has also been added. Join the upcoming [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Connection learning session 3|learning session]] to see the new feature in action and share your feedback. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:24}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:24|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the bug which stopped CodeReviewBot from working, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T410417] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Users of Wikimedia API can join a usability study to help validate the new design of Wikimedia REST API sandboxes. Interested participants should fill the [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/487662 recruitment survey]. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/IREJRRWTZTGCYWQHDMSNJFTQAEPOOAE3/] * The MediaWiki Interfaces team is deprecating XSLT stylesheets within the Action API. Support for <code dir=ltr>format=xml'''&xlst={stylesheet}'''</code> will be removed from Wikimedia projects by the end of November, 2025. In addition, it will soon be disabled by default in MediaWiki release versions: v1.43 (LTS), v1.44, and v1.45. Support for XSLT stylesheets will be fully removed from MediaWiki v1.46 (expected to release between April and May 2026). [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/5AX7UWAVVUNUSBOIRHMNOKWOZ5EZI3JX/] * The WDQS legacy endpoint ([https://query-legacy-full.wikidata.org/ query-legacy-full.wikidata.org]) will be decommissioned at the end of December 2025, and finally closed down on 7th January 2026. After this date, users should expect requests to query.wikidata.org that require the full graph to fail or return invalid results if they are not rewritten to use SPARQL federation. The team encourages users to ensure that tools and workflows use the supported WDQS endpoints (<span dir=ltr><nowiki>https://query.wikidata.org/</nowiki></span> - Main graph or <span dir=ltr><nowiki>https://query-scholarly.wikidata.org/</nowiki></span> - Scholarly graph). For support with migrating use cases, please review the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Data_access|Data Access]] and [[d:Wikidata:Request_a_query|Request a Query]] pages for details and assistance on alternative access methods. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.4|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/48|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W48"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 15:57, 24 Ugushyingo 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29702226 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-49</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W49"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/49|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The Wikipedia Year in Review 2025 will be available on December 2 for users of iOS and Android Wikipedia apps, featuring new personalized insights, updated reading highlights, and refreshed designs. Learn more on the review's [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Wikipedia Year in Review/Updates|project page]]. * The Growth team is working on improving the text and presentation of the Verification Email sent to new users to make them more welcoming, useful and informative. Some new text have been drafted for A/B testing and you can help by translating them. See [[phab:T396155|Phabricator]]. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]] will now be deployed at Japanese, Urdu and Chinese Wikipedias on December 2. Add a link is based on a prediction model that suggests links to be added to articles. While this feature has already been available on most Wikipedias, the prediction model could not support certain languages. A new model has now been developed to handle these languages, and it will be gradually rolled out to other Wikipedias over time. If you would like to know more, please contact [[mw:user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:34}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:34|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where search boxes on some Commons pages showed no results due to switch from SpecialSearch to MediaSearch, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399476] * Two new wikis have been created: ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q36846|Toki Pona]] ([[w:tok:|<code>w:tok:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T404457] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikiquote}} in [[d:Q33655|Nigerian Pidgin]] ([[q:pcm:|<code>q:pcm:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T408318] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.5|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The Wikimedia Foundation is in the early stages of exploring approaches to '''Article guidance'''. The initiative aims to identify interventions that could help new editors easily understand and apply existing Wikipedia practices and policies when creating an article. The project is in the exploration and early experimental design phase. All community members are encouraged to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|learn more]] about the project, and share their thoughts on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Article guidance|the talk page]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/49|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W49"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:58, 1 Ukuboza 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29732328 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-50</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W50"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/50|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Anybody who wishes to secure their user account can now use [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two-factor authentication|two-factor authentication]] (2FA). This is available to all registered users of all Wikimedia projects. This is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Account Security]] initiative. Later, 2FA will be required for all users who can take security- or privacy-sensitive actions. '''Updates for editors''' * Following last week's deployments, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]] feature, which allows editors to add suggested links during editing, will be available to an additional [[Phab:T410469|33 Wikipedias]] starting on 9 December. This expansion is possible thanks to the new prediction model that now supports all languages, including those that were previously not covered. While the feature has been available on most Wikipedias for some time, this rollout brings us closer to using the improved model everywhere. If you have any questions or would like more details please contact [[mw:user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]]. * Last week, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Search Platform|Search Platform team]] added [[w:en:Transliteration|transliterated]] as-you-type search suggestions to Georgian wikis. If there are only a few regular search suggestions, then queries in Latin or Cyrillic script [[phab:T127003|are now rewritten into Georgian script]] to look for more matches. For example, searching for either <bdi lang="ka-Latn" dir="ltr">''bedniereba''</bdi> or <bdi lang="ka-Cyrl" dir="ltr">''бедниереба''</bdi> will now suggest the existing article about <bdi lang="ka" dir="ltr">ბედნიერება</bdi> ("happiness"). You can recommend other languages where transliterated suggestions would be useful [[phab:T375215|on Phabricator]] for future development. * Later this week, a controlled experiment will begin for editors on the 100 largest Wikipedias who are editing a section in the mobile web visual editor. 50% of these editors will notice a new "Edit full page" button that will enable them to expand their editing session to the whole page. This feature is intended to make it easier for people on mobile web to edit any article section, regardless of which section-edit icon they tapped to begin. The experiment will last ~4 weeks. You can find [[phab:T409112|more details]] about the project. * Later this week, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth|Reader Growth team]] will launch a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/WE3.1.14 Expanded Mobile Sections|mobile web experiment]] to expand all article sections by default (currently they are collapsed by default) and pin the section header the user is currently reading to the top of the page. The experiment will affect 10% of users on Arabic, Chinese, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese Wikipedias. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409485] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Wikipedia Year in Review/2025 Year in Review|Wikipedia Year in Review 2025]], a feature in the Wikipedia mobile apps (iOS and Android) that provides users with a personalised summary of their engagement with Wikipedia over the year, is now available on the iOS and Android apps. This edition includes expanded personalised insights, improved reading highlights, new donor messaging, and updated designs. Open the app to view your Year in Review and explore your reading journey from 2025. * A recent software bug caused edits made with VisualEditor to make unintended changes to wikitext, including removing whitespace and replacing spaces with underscores in wikilinks inside citations. This was partially fixed last week, and further fixes are in progress. Editors who used VisualEditor between November 28 and December 2 should review their edits for unexpected modifications. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411238] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the incorrect handling of URLs copied from the address bar of Microsoft Edge users, has been resolved. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341281] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Starting this week, users of the "{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}" [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]] will have [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] as the editor for Lua, JavaScript, CSS, JSON and Vue content models, instead of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]]. With this, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Linting|linters]] will be upgraded. This is part of a larger effort to eventually replace CodeEditor and provide a consistent code editing experience. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373711] * Developers are encouraged to take the [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/552643 2025 Developer Satisfaction Survey], which remains open until 5 January 2026. If you build software for the Wikimedia ecosystem and would like to share your experiences or feedback, your participation is greatly appreciated. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/W4WBKO6Q55UWWCCSFWQATKEXBEHP3QNR/] * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/50|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W50"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:45, 8 Ukuboza 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29738112 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-51</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W51"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/51|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:18}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:18|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, one of the fixes addressed an issue for temporary accounts adding an external URL, which triggered an hCaptcha request in more cases than intended, and did not display the required popup on the first attempt to publish the edit. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411927] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * To improve database and site performance, external links to Wikimedia projects will no longer be stored in the database. This means they will not be searchable in [[{{#special:LinkSearch}}]], will not be checked by the Spam Blacklist or AbuseFilter as new links, and will not be in the <code dir=ltr>externallinks</code> table on database replicas. In the future this may be extended to other highly-linked trusted websites on a per-wiki basis, such as Creative Commons links on Wikimedia Commons. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T405005] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.7|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/51|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W51"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:03, 15 Ukuboza 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29796010 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-52</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W52"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/52|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * From January, edit filters [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter/Access flags|can be set]] to automatically suppress their details such as rules and list of attempted edits and actions. This will help oversighters use edit filters to prevent doxxing or other suppressible material. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T290324] * The next issue of Tech News will be sent out on 12 January 2026 because of the end of year holidays. Thank you to all of the translators, and people who submitted content or feedback, this year. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:16}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:16|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the crash that occurred when tapping "First Steps" in the Wikipedia Android Year in Review has now been fixed, and the feature opens as expected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411546] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Interface elements such as diffs and categories generated by MediaWiki used to have the attribute <code dir=ltr>data-mw="interface"</code> to distinguish from wiki content. The attribute has been replaced with <code dir=ltr>data-mw-interface=""</code>, to avoid potential conflicts with other <code dir=ltr>data-mw</code> attributes, which are generated by Parsoid. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409187] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] There is no new MediaWiki version this week or next week. '''Meetings and events''' * The [[mw:Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026|Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026]] will take place on 13-14 March 2026 in Arnhem, the Netherlands. Applications just opened mid-December and will close in mid-January or earlier if capacity is reached. With space for approximately 100 participants, early application is encouraged. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/52|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W52"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:45, 22 Ukuboza 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29831856 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-03</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W03"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/03|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Wikimedia Foundation has shared some guiding questions for the July 2026–June 2027 Annual Plan on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027/Product & Technology OKRs|Meta]] and ''[[diffblog:2025/12/10/shaping-wikimedia-foundations-2026-2027-annual-goals-key-questions-for-the-wikimedia-movement/|Diff]]''. These focus on global trends, faster and healthier experimentation, better support for newcomers, strengthening editors and advanced users, improving collaboration across projects, and growing and retaining readership. Feedback and ideas are welcome on the [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027|talk page]]. '''Updates for editors''' * As part of the current work of Community Tech team on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/W372|Multiple watchlists]] project, the display of [[Special:EditWatchlist|EditWatchlist]] will be updated as a first step towards multiple watchlists. Additionally, the pagination on [[Special:Search|Search]] will be updated too, as a part of the work on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/W186|Revamp pagination / page navigation]] wish. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411596] * [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|The Global Watchlist]] is a MediaWiki [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] that lets you see your watchlists from different wikis on the same page. It was recently updated to look more like the regular [[Special:Watchlist|Watchlist]], such as preparing it for temporary accounts in IP masking (including rerouting user links to contributions pages), making page titles bold, and opening links in edit summaries and tags in new browser tabs. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398361][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T298919][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T273526][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T286309] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:28}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:28|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where global blocks did not have the option to disable sending emails, has now been fixed, and will be available for use in the week of January 13. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401293] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Citation tool|VisualEditor citation tool]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Reference Previews|Reference Previews]] now support "map" as a reference type. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411083] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.10|MediaWiki]]/[[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.11|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/03|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W03"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:34, 12 Mutarama 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29907192 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-04</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W04"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/04|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The tray shown on [[Special:Diff|Special:Diff]] in mobile view has been redesigned. It is now collapsed by default, and incorporates a link to undo the edit being viewed, making it easier for mobile editors and reviewers to take action while keeping the interface uncluttered. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402297] * [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|The Global Watchlist]] lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on one page. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] continues to improve — it now automatically determines the text direction (ensuring correct display of sites with unusual domain names) and shows detailed descriptions for log actions. Later this week, a new permanent link for page creations and CSS classes for each entry element will be added. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T412505][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T287929][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T262768][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414135] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the previously observed issue in Vector 2022, where anchor link targets were obscured by the sticky header, has now been addressed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406114] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * As mentioned in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/44|October 2025 deprecation announcement]], MediaWiki Interfaces team will begin sunsetting all transform endpoints containing a trailing slash from the MediaWiki REST API the week of January 26. Changes are expected to roll out to all wikis on or before January 30th. All API users currently calling them are encouraged to transition to the non-trailing slash versions. Both endpoint variations can be found, compared, and tested using the [https://test.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RestSandbox REST Sandbox]. If you have questions or encounter any problems, please file a ticket in Phabricator to the [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/view/6931/ #MW-Interfaces-Team board]. * Interactive reference documentation for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia REST API|Wikimedia REST API]] has moved. Requests to API docs previously hosted through [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/RESTBase|RESTBase]] (e.g.: <code dir=ltr>https://en.wikipedia.org/api/rest_v1/</code>) are now redirected to the [[w:en:Special:RestSandbox|REST Sandbox]]. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata Platform|WMF Wikidata Platform team]] (WDP) has published its [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Wikidata Platform team/Newsletter|January 2026 newsletter]]. It includes updates on the legacy full-graph endpoint decommissioning, the User-Agent policy change, the monthly Blazegraph migration office hours, and efforts to reduce regressions caused by the legacy endpoint shutdown. As a reminder, you can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/WDP team updates|subscribe to the WDP newsletter]]! * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.12|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * The [[mw:Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026|Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026]] will take place on 13-14 March 2026 in Arnhem, the Netherlands. Applications opened mid-December and will close soon or when capacity is reached. It's a two-day, technically oriented hackathon bringing together Wikimedians from the region. Hope to see you there! '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/04|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W04"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:30, 19 Mutarama 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29943403 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-05</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W05"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/05|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Wikimedia Foundation invites comments on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Year1 Reflections and Proposed Way Forward 2026 Update|proposed future]] of the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product and Technology Advisory Council]] until 28 February. * All users with registered accounts can now use passkeys for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two-factor authentication|two-factor authentication]] (2FA). Passkeys are a simple way to log in without using a second device. They verify the user's identity using a fingerprint, face scan, or a PIN code. To set up a passkey, first set up a regular 2FA method. Currently, to log in with a passkey, users must also use a password. Later this quarter, passwordless login will allow users to log in with a single click and a passkey. Users with advanced rights will also be required to have 2FA enabled. This is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Account Security]] project. * Unregistered contributors on blocked IPs or blocked IP ranges can now interact on-wiki to appeal a block by creating a temporary account to appeal a block on the user talk page, unless the "prevent this user from editing their own talk page" is enabled. This solves the problem of logged-out users unable to use the default unblock process via user talk page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398673] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the Two-Factor Authentication (2FA) methods description on the management page has been updated. It is now clearer and easier for users to understand and make use of. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T332385] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * A new AbuseFilter variable, <code>account_type</code>, has been added to provide a reliable way to determine the account type being created in the <code>createaccount</code> and <code>autocreateaccount</code> actions. As part of this change, the variable <code>accountname</code> has been renamed to <code>account_name</code>, and <code>accountname</code> is now deprecated. Edit filter managers should update any filters that use hardcoded account type checks or the deprecated variable. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414049] * Image thumbnails that are requested in non-standard sizes, and using non-standard methods such as direct requests to <code dir=ltr><nowiki>upload.wikimedia.org/…</nowiki></code> will stop working in the near future. This change is to prevent ongoing external abuse by web-scrapers and bots. Some users with custom CSS/JS, Interface Admins who can fix gadgets and local skins, and Tool-authors, will need to update their code to use standard thumbnail sizes. [[phab:T414805|Details, search-links, and examples of how to fix them, are available in the task]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.13|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/05|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W05"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:18, 26 Mutarama 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29969530 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-06</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W06"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/06|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The "{{int:pageinfo-toolboxlink}}" feature, which gives validating information about a page ([{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|action=info}} example]), now automatically includes a table of contents. If there is a local [[{{ns:8}}:Pageinfo-header]] page created by individual users, it can now be removed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T363726] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, VisualEditor previously added bold or italic formatting inside link descriptions, making the wikicode complex. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409669] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * There was no XML dump on 20 January. Additionally, from now on, dumps will be generated once per month only. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414389] * The MediaWiki Interfaces team removed support for all transform endpoints containing a trailing slash from the [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/API:REST%20API MediaWiki REST API]. All API users currently calling those endpoints are encouraged to transition to the non-trailing slash versions. If you have questions or encounter any problems, please file a ticket in phabricator to the [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/view/6931/ #MW-Interfaces-Team board]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.14|MediaWiki]] '''Weekly highlight''' * Users are reminded that the Wikimedia Foundation has shared some guiding questions for the July 2026–June 2027 Annual Plan on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027/Product & Technology OKRs|Meta]] and ''[[diffblog:2025/12/10/shaping-wikimedia-foundations-2026-2027-annual-goals-key-questions-for-the-wikimedia-movement/|Diff]]''. These focus on global trends, faster and healthier experimentation, better support for newcomers, strengthening editors and advanced users, improving collaboration across projects, and growing and retaining readership. Feedback and ideas are welcome on the [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027|talk page]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/06|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W06"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:44, 2 Gashyantare 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30000986 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-07</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W07"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/07|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] Logged-in contributors who manage large or complex watchlists can now organise and filter watched pages in ways that improve their workflows with the new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist labels|Watchlist labels]] feature. By adding custom labels (for example: pages you created, pages being monitored for vandalism, or discussion pages) users can more quickly identify what needs attention, reduce cognitive load, and respond more efficiently. This improves watchlist usability, especially for highly active editors. * A new feature available on [[Special:Contributions|Special:Contributions]] shows [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] that are likely operated by the same person, and so makes patrolling less time-consuming. Upon checking contributions of a temporary account, users with access to temporary account IP addresses can now see a view of contributions from the related temporary accounts. The feature looks up all the IPs associated with a given temporary account within the data retention period and shows all the contributions of all temporary accounts that have used these IPs. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts#February 2026: Improvements to the patroller tooling|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415674] * When editors preview a wikitext edit, the reminder box that they are only seeing a preview (which is shown at the top), now has a grey/neutral background instead of a yellow/warning background. This makes it easier to distinguish preview notes from actual warnings (for example, edit conflicts or problematic redirect targets), which will now be shown in separate warning or error boxes. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414742] * The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]] lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on one page. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] continues to improve — it now properly supports more than one Wikibase site, for example both [[d:|Wikidata]] and [[testwikidata:|testwikidata]]. In addition, issues regarding text direction have been fixed for users who prefer Wikidata or other Wikibase sites in right-to-left (RTL) languages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415440][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415458] * The automatic "magic links" for ISBN, RFC, and PMID numbers have been [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic links|deprecated in wikitext since 2021]] due to inflexibility and difficulties with localization. Several wikis have successfully replaced RFC and PMID magic links with equivalent external links, but a template was often required to replace the functionality of the ISBN magic link. There is now a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#isbn|built-in parser function]] <code dir=ltr><nowiki>{{#isbn}}</nowiki></code> available to replace the basic functionality of the ISBN magic link. This makes it easier for wikis who wish to migrate off of the deprecated magic link functionality to do so. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T145604] * Two new wikis have been created: ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q35401|Jju]] ([[w:kaj:|<code>w:kaj:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413283] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q1186896|Nawat]] ([[w:ppl:|<code>w:ppl:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413273] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * A new global user group has been created: [[{{int:grouppage-local-bot}}|{{int:group-local-bot}}]]. It will be used internally by the software to allow community bots to bypass rate limits that are applied to abusive [[w:en:Web scraping|web scrapers]]. Accounts that are approved as bots on at least one Wikimedia wiki will be automatically added to this group. It will not change what user permissions the bot has. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415588] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.15|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Spring 2026|MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference, Spring 2026]] will be held March 25–27 in Salt Lake City, USA. This event is organized by and for the third-party MediaWiki community. You can propose sessions and register to attend. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/AZBWVI46SDEB65PGR5J6E4TYOQQEZXM7/] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/07|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W07"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:31, 9 Gashyantare 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30026671 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-08</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W08"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/08|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Site Reliability Engineering|SRE Team]] will be performing a cleanup of Wikimedia's [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Etherpad|Etherpad]] instance, the web-based editor for real-time collaborative document editing. All pads will be permanently deleted after 30 April, 2026 – if there are still migration projects in progress at that point the team can revisit the date on a case by case basis. Please create local backups of any content you wish to keep, as deleted data cannot be recovered. This cleanup helps reduce database size and minimize infrastructure footprint. Etherpad will continue to support real-time collaboration, but long-term storage should not be expected. Additional cleanups may occur in the future without prior notice. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415237] '''Updates for editors''' * The Information Retrieval team will be launching an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Information Retrieval/Phase 1|Android mobile app experiment]] that tests hybrid search capabilities which can handle both semantic and keyword queries. The improvement of on-platform search will enable readers to find what they’re looking for directly on Wikipedia more easily. The experiment will first be launched on Greek Wikipedia in late February, followed by English, French, and Portuguese in March. [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/01/08/semantic-search-making-it-easier-to-find-the-information-readers-want/ Read more] on Diff blog. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Readers/Information_Retrieval] * The Reader Growth team will run [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/WE3.10.2 Mobile Table of Contents|an experiment]] for mobile web users, that adds a table of contents and automatically expands all article sections, to learn more about navigation issues they face. The test will be available on Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese Wikipedias. * Previously, site notices ([[{{ns:8}}:Sitenotice]] and [[{{ns:8}}:Anonnotice]]) would only render on the desktop site. Now, they will render on all platforms. Users on mobile web will now see these notices and be informed. Site administrators should be prepared to test and fix notices on mobile devices to avoid interference with articles. To opt out, interface admins can add <code dir="ltr">#siteNotice { display: none; }</code> to [[{{ns:8}}:Minerva.css]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T138572][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416644] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:19}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:19|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue on [[Special:RecentChanges|Special:RecentChanges]] has been fixed. Previously, clicking hide in the active filters caused the "view new changes since…" button to disappear, though it should have remained visible. The button now behaves as expected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406339] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * New documentation is now available to help editors debug on-site search features. It supports troubleshooting when pages do not appear in results, when ranking seems unexpected, and when you need to inspect what content is being indexed, helping make search behavior easier to understand and analyze. [[mw:Help:CirrusSearch/Debug|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411169] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.16|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/08|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W08"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:17, 16 Gashyantare 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30086330 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-09</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W09"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/09|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Reference Check|Reference Check]] has been deployed to English Wikipedia, completing its rollout across all Wikipedias. The feature prompts newcomers to add a citation before publishing new content, helping reduce common citation-related reverts and improve verifiability. In A/B testing, the impact was substantial: newcomers shown Reference Check were approximately 2.2 times more likely to include a reference on desktop and about 17.5 times more likely on mobile web. [https://analytics.wikimedia.org/published/reports/editing/reference_check_ab_test_report_final_2025.html] '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:InterwikiSorting|InterwikiSorting extension]], which allowed for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Interwiki sorting order|sorting of interwiki links]], has been undeployed from Wikipedia. As a result, editors who had enabled interwiki link sorting in non-compact mode (full list format) will now see links reordered. The links moving forward will be listed in the alphabetical order of language code. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T253764] * Later this week, people who are editing a page-section using the mobile visual editor, will notice a new "Edit full page" button. When tapped, you will be able to edit the entire article. This helps when the change you want to make is outside the section you initially opened. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T387175][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409112] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|The Reader Experience team]] is inviting editors to assess whether dark mode should still be considered "beta" on their wiki, based on their experience of how well it functions on desktop and mobile. If the feature is deemed mature, editors can update the interface messages in <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:skin-theme-description</code> and <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:Vector-night-mode-beta-tag</code> to indicate that dark mode is ready and no longer considered beta. * The improved [[mw:Wikimedia_Apps/Team/iOS/Activity_Tab|Activity tab]] which displays user-insights is now available to all users of the Wikipedia iOS app (version 7.9.0 and later). Following earlier A/B testing that showed higher account creation among users with access to the feature, it has been rolled out to 100% of users along with some updates. The Activity tab now shows your edited articles in the timeline, offers editing impact insights like contribution counts and article view trends, and customization options to improve in-app experience for users. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug that prevented [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] from working on mobile has now been fixed, restoring full functionality. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415303] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]] lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on one page. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] that makes this possible continues to improve. The latest upgrade is the inclusion of a [[mw:Extension:GlobalWatchlist#hook|new hook]], <code dir=ltr>ext.globalwatchlist.rebuild</code>, which fires after each watchlist rebuild. This allows you to run gadgets and user scripts for the Special page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T275159] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.17|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/09|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W09"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:04, 23 Gashyantare 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30119102 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-10</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W10"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/10|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Wikipedia 25 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments|Birthday mode]] is now live on Betawi, Breton, Chinese, Czech, Dutch, English, French, Gorontalo, Indonesian, Italian, Luxembourgish, Madurese, Sicilian, Spanish, Thai, and Vietnamese Wikipedias! This limited-time campaign feature celebrates 25 years of Wikipedia with a birthday mascot, Baby Globe. When turned on, Baby Globe is shown on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments/article configuration|~2,500 articles]], waiting to be discovered by readers. Communities can choose to turn Birthday mode on by getting consensus from their community and asking an admin to enable the feature and customize it via [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments#Community Configuration Demo|community configuration]] on the local wiki. '''Updates for editors''' * [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]], a new feature to re-use references with different details has been released to Swedish Wikipedia, Polish Wikipedia and [[:phab:T418209|a couple of other wikis]]. You can [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#test|try the feature]] on these projects or on testwiki and [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmcloud.org/wiki/Sub-referencing betawiki]. Learnings from the first pilot wiki German Wikipedia have been [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing/Learnings|published in a report]]. Reach out to the Wikimedia Deutschland team if you are [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Pilot wikis|interested in becoming a pilot wiki]]. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Paste check|Paste Check]] will become available at all Wikipedias this week. The feature prompts newcomers who are pasting text they are not likely to have written into VisualEditor to consider whether doing so risks a copyright violation. Paste Check [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Tags|tags]] all edits where it is shown for potential review. Local administrators can configure various aspects of the feature via [[{{#special:EditChecks}}]]. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Paste Check#A/B Experiment|Research]] across 22 wikis found that Paste Check resulted in an 18% decrease in relative reverted-edits compared to the control group. Translators can [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&group=ext-visualeditor-ve-mw-editcheck&filter=&optional=1&action=translate help to localize] this and related features. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Reader Experience team]] will be standardizing the user menu in the top right for all mobile users so that it is closer to the desktop experience. Currently this user menu is only visible to users with Advanced Mobile Controls (AMC) turned on. The only change is that a couple buttons previously in the left-side menu will move to the top right for users who do not have AMC turned on. This change is expected to go out March 9 and seeks to improve the user interface. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413912] * Starting in the week of March 2, the emails sent out when an email address was added, removed, or changed for an account will switch to a substantially nicer and clearer HTML email from the prior plaintext one. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T410807] * Notifications are currently limited to 2,000 historic entries per user, and extend back to 2013 when the feature was released. This is going to be changed to only store Notifications from the last 5 years, but up to 10,000 of them. This will help with long-term infrastructure health and help to prevent more recent notifications from disappearing too soon. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383948] * The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]] which lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on a single page continues to see improvements. The latest update improves label usage experience. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] now allows activating the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Language#Fallback languages|language fallback system]] for Wikidata items without labels in the viewed language, and showing those labels in the user’s preferred Wikidata language if no <code dir=ltr>uselang=</code> URL parameter is provided. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373686][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416111] * The Wikipedia Android team has started a beta test of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Information Retrieval/Phase 1|hybrid search]] on Greek Wikipedia. Hybrid search capabilities can handle both semantic and keyword queries enabling readers to find what they’re looking for directly on Wikipedia more easily. * For security reasons, members of certain user groups are [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Mandatory two-factor authentication for users with some extended rights|required to have two-factor authentication]] (2FA) enabled. Currently, 2FA is required to use the group, but not to be a member of it. Given that this model still has some vulnerabilities, the situation will [[phab:T418580|gradually change in March]]. Members of these groups will be unable to disable last 2FA method on their account, and it will be impossible to add users without 2FA to these groups. Users will still be able to add new authentication methods or remove them, as long as at least one method is continuously enabled. In the second half of March, users without 2FA will be removed from these groups. This applies to: CentralNotice administrators, checkusers, interface administrators, suppressors, Wikidata staff, Wikifunctions staff, WMF Office IT and WMF Trust & Safety. Nothing will change for other users. See the linked task for deployment schedule. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418580] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue preventing users from creating an instance in [https://www.wikibase.cloud/ Wikibase.cloud] has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416807] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * To help ensure [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]], over the next month the Wikimedia Foundation will implement global API rate limits across our APIs. In early March, stricter limits will be applied to unidentified requests from outside Toolforge/WMCS and API requests that are made from web browsers. In April, higher limits will be applied to identified traffic. These limits are intentionally set as high as possible to minimise impact on the community. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]]. * The Wikidata Query Service Linked Data Fragment (LDF) endpoint will be decommissioned in February. This endpoint served limited traffic, which was successfully migrated to other data access methods that were better suited to support existing use cases. The hardware used to support the LDF endpoint will be reallocated to support the ongoing backend migration efforts. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415696] * The new Parsoid parser [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Updates|continues to be deployed to additional wikis]], improving platform sustainability and making it easier to introduce new reading and editing features. Parsoid is now the default parser on 488 WMF wikis (268 Wikipedias), now covering more than 10% of all Wikipedia page views. * The process and criteria for [[Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise#Access|requesting exceptional access]] to the high volume feed of the ''Wikimedia Enterprise'' APIs (at no cost for mission-aligned usecases), [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Enterprise#Exceptional access criteria|have now been published]]. This is to provide more thorough and clearer documentation for users. * [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/ Tech Blog], the blog dedicated to the Wikimedia technical community [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2026/02/24/a-tech-blog-diff/ will be migrating] to [[diffblog:|Diff]], the community news and event blog. The migration should be complete in April 2026, after which new posts will be accepted for publishing. Readers will be able to access posts – old and new – on the landing page at https://diff.wikimedia.org/techblog. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.18|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/10|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W10"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:52, 2 werurwe 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30137798 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-11</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W11"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/11|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|All wikis will be read-only]] for a few minutes on Wednesday, 25 March 2026 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1774450800 15:00 UTC]. This is for the datacenter server switchover backup tests, [[wikitech:Deployments/Yearly calendar|which happen twice a year]]. During the switchover, all Wikimedia website traffic is shifted from one primary data center to the backup data center to test availability and prevent service disruption even in emergencies. * Last week, all wikis had 2 hours of read-only time, and extended unavailability for user-scripts and gadgets. This was due to a security incident which has since been resolved. Work is ongoing to prevent re-occurrences. For current information please see the [[m:Steward's noticeboard#Statement on Meta about today's user script security incident|post on the Stewards' noticeboard]] ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Product and Technology/Product Safety and Integrity/March 2026 User Script Incident|translations]]). '''Updates for editors''' * Users facing multiple blocks on mobile will now see the reasons for each block separately, instead of a generic message. This helps them understand why they are blocked and what steps they can take to resolve the issue. For example, users affected for using common VPNs (such as [[Special:MyLanguage/Apple iCloud Private Relay|iCloud Private Relay]]) will receive clearer guidance on what they need to do to start editing again. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T357118] * Later this week, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|Suggestion Mode]] will become available as a beta feature within the visual editor at all Wikipedias. This feature proactively suggests various types of actions that people can consider taking to improve Wikipedia articles, and learn about related guidelines. The feature is locally configurable, and can also be locally expanded with custom Suggestions. Current settings can be seen at [[Special:EditChecks]] and there are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Suggestion mode#For administrators %E2%80%93 local customization|instructions for how administrators can customize]] the links to point to local guidelines. The feature is connected to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check|Edit check]] which suggests improvements while someone is writing new content. In the future, the Editing team plans to evaluate the feature's impact with newcomers through a controlled experiment. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T404600] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where the cursor became misaligned during the use of CodeMirror’s syntax highlighting, which makes wikitext and code easier to read, has now been fixed. This problem specifically affected users who defined a font rule in a custom stylesheet while creating a new topic with DiscussionTools. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418793] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * API rate limiting update: To help ensure [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]], global API rate limits will be applied this week to requests without a compliant User-Agent that originate from outside Toolforge/WMCS and to unauthenticated requests made from web browsers. Higher limits will be applied to identified traffic in April. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]]. * The new GraphQL API has been released. The API was developed as a flexible alternative to select features of the Wikidata Query Service (WDQS), to improve developer experience and foster adaptability, and efficient data access. Try it out and [[d:Wikidata:Wikibase GraphQL#Feedback and development|give feedback]]. You can also [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/GraphQLAPI/apply sign up for usability tests]. * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group|PTAC Unsupported Tools Working Group]] continued improvements to [[commons:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Video2commons#|Video2Commons]] in February, with fixes addressing authentication errors, large-file handling, task queue visibility, and clearer upload behavior. Work is still ongoing in some areas, including changes related to deprecated server-side uploads. Read [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group#February 2026|this update]] to learn more. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.19|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The Article Guidance team invites experienced Wikipedia editors from selected [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Pilot wikis and collaborators#Collaborators|pilot wikis]] and interested contributors from other Wikipedias to fill out this questionnaire which is available in [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfmLeVWnxmsCbPoI_UF2jyRcn73WRGWCVPHzerXb4Cz97X_Ag/viewform English], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSd6rzr4XXQw8r4024fE3geTPFe13M_6w7Mitj-YJi0sOlWTAw/viewform?usp=header Arabic], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdok3-RfB18lcugYTUMGkpwmqG_8p760Wv4dCXitOXOszjUDw/viewform?usp=header Bengali], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfjTfYp4jEo0akA4B1e-Nfg3QZPCudUjhJzHzzDi6AHyAaMGA/viewform?usp=header Japanese], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScteVoI29Aue4xc72dekk-6RYtvmMgQxzMI900UOawrFrSTWg/viewform?usp=header Portuguese], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSetdxnYwL3ub2vqA7awCg5hJZPMIYcDPaiTe12rY9h0GYnVlw/viewform?usp=header Persian], and [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScNvfJF-Ot-4pzA4qAN771_0QDJ4Li19YcUsaTgSKW8Nc7U_Q/viewform?usp=header Turkish]. Your answers will help the team customize guidance for less experienced editors and help them learn community policies and practices while creating an article. Learn more [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|on the project page]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/11|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W11"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:53, 9 werurwe 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30213008 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-12</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W12"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/12|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]] beta feature, also known as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror 6]], has been used for wikitext syntax highlighting since November 2024. It will be promoted out of beta by May 2026 in order to bring improvements and new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Features|features]] to all editors who use the standard syntax highlighter. If you have any questions or concerns about promoting the feature out of beta, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help talk:Extension:CodeMirror|please share]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T259059] * Some changes to local user groups are performed by stewards on Meta-Wiki and logged there only. Now, interwiki rights changes will be logged both on Meta-Wiki and the wiki of the target user to make it easier to access a full record of user's rights changes on a local wiki. Past log entries for such changes will be backfilled in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T6055] * On wikis using [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Flagged Revisions|Flagged Revisions]], the number of pending changes shown on [[{{#Special:PendingChanges}}]] previously counted pages which were no longer pending review, because they have been removed from the system without being reviewed, e.g. due to being deleted, moved to a different namespace, or due to wiki configuration changes. The count will be correct now. On some wikis the number shown will be much smaller than before. There should be no change to the list of pages itself. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413016] * Wikifunctions composition language has been rewritten, resulting in a new version of the language. This change aims to increase service stability by reducing the orchestrator's memory consumption. This rewrite also enables substantial latency reduction, code simplification, and better abstractions, which will open the door to later feature additions. Read more about [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-03-11|the changes]]. * Users can now sort search results alphabetically by page title. The update gives an additional option to finding pages more easily and quickly. Previously, results could be sorted by Edit date, Creation date, or Relevance. To use the new option, open 'Advanced Search' on the search results page and select 'Alphabetically' under 'Sorting Order'. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T403775] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:28}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:28|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the bug that prevented UploadWizard on Wikimedia Commons from importing files from Flickr has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419263] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * A new special page, [[{{#special:LintTemplateErrors}}]], has been created to list transcluded pages that are flagged as containing lint errors to help users discover them easily. The list is sorted by the number of transclusions with errors. For example: [[{{#special:LintTemplateErrors}}/night-mode-unaware-background-color]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T170874] * Users of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]] beta feature have been using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] instead of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]] for syntax highlighting when editing JavaScript, CSS, JSON, Vue and Lua content pages, for some time now. Along with promoting CodeMirror 6 out of beta, the plan is to replace CodeEditor as the standard editor for these content models by May 2026. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help talk:Extension:CodeMirror|Feedback or concerns are welcome]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419332] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] JavaScript modules will soon be upgraded to CodeMirror 6. Leading up to the upgrade, loading the <code dir=ltr>ext.CodeMirror</code> or <code dir=ltr>ext.CodeMirror.lib</code> modules from gadgets and user scripts was deprecated in July 2025. The use of the <code dir=ltr>ext.CodeMirror.switch</code> hook was also deprecated in March 2025. Contributors can now make their scripts or gadgets compatible with CodeMirror 6. See the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror#Gadgets and user scripts|migration guide]] for more information. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373720] * The MediaWiki Interfaces team is expanding coverage of REST API module definitions to include [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:REST API/Extensions|extension APIs]]. REST API modules are groups of related endpoints that can be independently managed and versioned. Modules now exist for [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414470 GrowthExperiments] and [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419053 Wikifunctions] APIs. As we migrate extension APIs to this structure, documentation will move out of the main MediaWiki OpenAPI spec and REST Sandbox view, and will instead be accessible via module-specific options in the dropdown on the [https://test.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RestSandbox REST Sandbox] (i.e., [[{{#Special:RestSandbox}}]], available on all wiki projects). * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto|Scribunto]] extension provides different pieces of information about the wiki where the module is being used via the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual|mw.site]] library. Starting last week, the library also provides a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#mw.site.wikiId|way]] of accessing the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Wiki ID|wiki ID]] that can be used to facilitate cross-wiki module maintenance. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T146616] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.20|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award|2026 Coolest Tool Award]] celebrating outstanding community tools, is now open for nominations! Nominate your favorite tool using the [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/435684?lang=en nomination survey] form by 23 March 2026. For more information on privacy and data handling, please see the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Legal:Coolest_Tool_Award_2026_Survey_Privacy_Statement|survey privacy statement]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/12|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W12"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:36, 16 werurwe 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30260505 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-13</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W13"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/13|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Wikimedia site users can now log in without a password using passkeys. This is a secure method supported by fingerprint, facial recognition, or PIN. With this change, all users who opt for passwordless login will find it easier, faster, and more secure to log in to their accounts using any device. The new passkey login option currently appears as an autofill suggestion in the username field. An additional [[phab:T417120|"Log in with passkey" button]] will soon be available for users who have already registered a passkey. This update will improve security and user experience. The [[c:File:Passwordless_login_screencast.webm|screen recording]] demonstrates the passwordless login process step by step. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|All wikis will be read-only]] for a few minutes on Wednesday, 25 March 2026 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1774450800 15:00 UTC]. This is for the datacenter server switchover backup tests, [[wikitech:Deployments/Yearly calendar|which happen twice a year]]. During the switchover, all Wikimedia website traffic is shifted from one primary data center to the backup data center to test availability and prevent service disruption even in emergencies. '''Updates for editors''' * Wikimedia site users can now export their notifications older than 5 years using a [[toolforge:echo-chamber|new Toolforge tool]]. This will ensure that users retain their important notifications and avoid them being lost based on the planned change to delete notifications older than 5 years, as previously announced. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383948] * Wikipedia editors in Indonesian, Thai, Turkish, and Simple English now have access to Special:PersonalDashboard. This is an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Dashboard|early version of an experience]] that introduces newer editors to patrolling workflows, making it easier for them to move from making edits to participating in more advanced moderation work on their project. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402647] * The [[Special:Block]] now has two minor interface changes. Administrators can now easily perform indefinite blocks through a dedicated radio button in the expiry section. Also, choosing an indefinite expiry provides a different set of common reasons to select from, which can be changed at: [[MediaWiki:Ipbreason-indef-dropdown]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401823] * Mobile editors [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#Logged-out|at several wikis]] can now see an improved logged-out edit warning, thanks to the recent updates from the Growth team. These changes released last week are part of ongoing efforts and tests to enhance [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments|account creation experience on mobile]] and then increase participation. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T408484] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:36}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:36|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the bug that prevented mobile web users from seeing the block information when affected by multiple blocks has been fixed. They can now see messages of all the blocks currently affecting them when they access Wikipedia. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Images built using Toolforge will soon get the upgraded buildpacks version, bringing support for newer language versions and other upstream improvements and fixes. If you use Toolforge Build Service, review the recent [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/cloud-announce@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/EMYTA32EV2V5SQ2JIEOD2CL66YFIZEKV/ cloud-announce email] and update your build configuration as necessary to ensure your tools are compatible. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Help:Toolforge/Building_container_images&oldid=2392097#Buildpack_environment_upgrade_process][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380127] * The [https://api.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page API Portal] documentation wiki will shut down in June 2026. API keys created on the API Portal will continue to work normally. api.wikimedia.org endpoints will be deprecated gradually starting in July 2026. Documentation on the API Portal is moving to [[mw:Wikimedia APIs|mediawiki.org]]. Learn more on the [[wikitech:API Portal/Deprecation|project page]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.21|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes]] is considering improvements to [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names|automatically generated reference names in VisualEditor]]. Please check out the [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names#Proposed solutions|proposed solutions]] and participate in the [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names#Request for comment|request for comment]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/13|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W13"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16:51, 23 werurwe 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30268305 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-14</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W14"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/14|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Beta version of [[abstract:|Abstract Wikipedia]] a new Wikimedia project which is language-independent, was launched last week. The project allows communities to build Wikipedia articles in their native language, which can be readily accessed by other users in their own languages. The wiki is powered by instructions from Wikifunctions and also based on structured content from Wikidata. [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-03-26|Read more]]. '''Updates for editors''' * The Growth team is running an A/B test to evaluate a clearer, more user-friendly message that promotes account creation on wikis. Currently when logged-out mobile users begin editing, they see a jarring warning message that can feel abrupt and discouraging. This also presents temporary account editing as the default rather than encouraging account creation. The test is running on ten Wikipedias, including Arabic, French, Spanish and German. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#2. Improve logged-out warning message (T415160)|Read more]]. * The Wikimedia Apps team is inviting feedback on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Future of Editing on the Mobile Apps|how editing should work on the Wikipedia mobile apps]]. The discussion focuses on improving how users access editing tools when they tap "Edit". This is part of a broader effort to convert readers who develop an interest in editing, to access a more user-friendly pathway to start contributing. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:45}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:45|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where citation fetching from the large newspaper archive [https://www.newspapers.com Newspapers.com] was no longer working, due to a block in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid|Citoid]] requests, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419903] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.22|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/14|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W14"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:26, 30 werurwe 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30329462 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-15</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W15"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/15|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] now includes a new group goal-setting feature, enabling organizers to set and track event goals such as the number of articles created and participating contributors in real time. Similarly, participants can work toward shared targets and see their collective impact as the event unfolds. The feature is now available on all Wikimedia wikis. Learn more in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Registration/Collaborative contributions#Goal setting|the documentation]]. * [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] The new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist labels|watchlist labels]] feature (announced in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/07|Tech News 2026-07]]) is now available via VisualEditor, the source editor, and the 'watchstar' (or watch link, for skins that don't have a star icon). Previously it was only possible to assign labels via [[Special:EditWatchlist|EditWatchlist]]. In all three places it is a new field following the expiry field. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where talk pages on mobile with Parsoid are unusable after empty section headers, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419171] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|sub-referencing feature]], which lets editors add details to an existing reference without duplicating it, will be gradually rolled out to [[phab:T414094|more wikis]] later this year. Wikis using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reference Tooltips|Reference Tooltips]] gadget are encouraged to update their version (typically at [[m:MediaWiki:Gadget-ReferenceTooltips.js|MediaWiki:Gadget-ReferenceTooltips.js]] as shown [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?diff=1344408362 here]) to ensure compatibility. Other reference-related gadgets may also be affected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416304] * All Wikinews editions will be closed and switched to read-only mode on 4 May 2026. Content will remain accessible, but no new edits or articles can be added. This closure was approved by the Board of Trustees of the Wikimedia Foundation following extended discussions. [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard#Board of Trustees Approves Closure of Wikinews|Read more]]. * The [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:Action API|Action API]] has had several formats for requested output. One of them, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>format=php</nowiki></code></bdi>, is being removed soon. Please ensure your scripts or bots use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:Data formats#Output|JSON format]]. This removal should affect very few scripts and bots. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T118538] * The [[Special:NamespaceInfo|Special:NamespaceInfo]] page now includes namespace aliases. For example "WP" for the "Project" ("Wikipedia") namespace on the German Wikipedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381455] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.23|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/15|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W15"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16:19, 6 Mata 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30362761 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-16</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W16"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/16|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Experienced editors are invited to [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Main_Page test] the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|Article guidance]] feature, designed to help less-experienced editors create well-structured, policy-compliant Wikipedia articles. Testing instructions are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Test feature guide|available]]. Also, after reviewing [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Category:Pages_using_article_guidance the outlines], please provide feedback on the [[mw:Talk:Article guidance|project talk page]]. Based on your input, the feature will be refined and transferred to the pilot Wikipedias to translate and adapt. Check out [[c:File:Article Guidance workflow demo - April 2026.webm|the video]] explaining the feature. '''Updates for editors''' * On most wikis, all autoconfirmed users can now use [[Special:ChangeContentModel|Special:ChangeContentModel]] page to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:ChangeContentModel|create new pages with custom content models]], such as mass message lists, making custom page formats more accessible. Check [[Special:ListGroupRights|Special:ListGroupRights]] for the status of your wiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T248294] * The Growth team has launched an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account_Creation_Experiments|account creation experiment]] to evaluate whether adding an account creation button to the mobile web header increases new account registrations and encourages more mobile users to contribute to the wikis. The experiment is currently live on Hindi, Indonesian, Bengali, Thai, and Hebrew Wikipedia, and targets 10% of logged-out mobile web users. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where VisualEditor could get stuck loading on Windows devices with animations turned off, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382856] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Starting later this week, {{int:group-abusefilter}} who have the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]] beta feature enabled will have [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] instead of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]] as the editor at [[Special:AbuseFilter|Special:AbuseFilter]]. This is part of the broader effort to make the user experience more consistent across all editors. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399673][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419332] * Tools and bots that access the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Notifications/API|Notifications API]] (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=query&meta=notifications</nowiki></code></bdi>) will need to update their OAuth or BotPassword grants to also include access to private notifications. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T421991] * Due to a library upgrade, listings on category pages may be displayed out of order starting on Monday, 20th April. A migration script will be run to correct this, and will take hours to days depending on the size of the wiki (up to a week for English Wikipedia). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T422544] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.24|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/16|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W16"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 15:19, 13 Mata 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30380527 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-17</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W17"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/17|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * After two years of development, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]], also known as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror 6]], is to be promoted out of beta on Tuesday, April 21. It brings better code and wikitext readability, reduction in typing errors, and other [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|benefits]] to all users of the standard syntax highlighter. A huge thank you to volunteer [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/p/Bhsd/ Bhsd] who developed many of the new features, including [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Code folding|code folding]], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Autocompletion|autocompletion]], and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Linting|linting]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T259059] * A major update to the Wikipedia app for iOS is now rolling out, redesigning the interface to align with Apple's latest "Liquid Glass" visual design. [https://apps.apple.com/us/app/wikipedia/id324715238 Download the latest version] and explore the update. '''Updates for editors''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4 Reading lists|Reading lists]] is a feature which allows readers to save articles to a list for reading later. This feature is now in beta on Arabic, French, Indonesian, Vietnamese, and Chinese Wikipedias and by default for all new accounts on all Wikipedias. * An experiment which explores extending [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Mobile page previews|Page Previews to mobile web]] will be launched in the week of April 20 on Arabic, English, French, Italian, Polish, and Vietnamese Wikipedias. Page Previews are pop-ups that display a thumbnail, lead paragraph, and a link to open the full article of a blue link, thereby improving content discovery. The feature is already available on desktop and in the apps. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/List of experiments in Product and Technology#Template|Read more about this experiment and others]]. * On several wikis, logged-in editors who haven't [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Email confirmation|confirmed their email addresses]] can now see a banner encouraging them to do so. Having the email address confirmed allows a user to restore access to the account if they lose it. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security#Encouraging users to confirm their email addresses|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T421366] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:15}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:15|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where editing very large wiki pages in the 2017 wikitext editor caused slow loading, preview and scrolling lag, and performance issues when selecting, cutting, or pasting content, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T184857] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * As part of the promotion of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] from a beta feature, all users will use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] instead of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]] for syntax highlighting when editing JavaScript, CSS, JSON, Vue and Lua content pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419332] * The <code>mirrors.wikimedia.org</code> service for Debian and Ubuntu users will sunset and stop working on May 15. The resources for the service will be replaced with new and better options. Some users may need to switch to a different server which should take about a minute. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/LJYRIS4WB66HIRCAO4GIDTXCMDVZRBMA/ You can read more]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416707] * The <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>image</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>oldimage</nowiki></code></bdi> table will be removed from [[wikitech:Help:Wiki Replicas|wikireplicas]]. If your tools or queries access <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>image</nowiki></code></bdi> or <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>oldimage</nowiki></code></bdi> directly, please update them to use the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>file</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>filerevision</nowiki></code></bdi> table before 28 May. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T28741] * Following the recent implementation of global API rate limits on unidentified traffic, the Wikimedia Foundation will continue efforts to ensure [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]] by applying global limits to identified API traffic beginning the last week of April. These limits are intentionally set as high as possible to minimise impact on the community. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits/FAQ|Frequently Asked Questions]]. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Attribution API|Attribution API]] is now available as a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Stability policy|beta]]. The API fetches information for crediting Wikimedia articles and media files wherever they are used. Reference documentation is available through the REST Sandbox special page available on all Wikimedia wikis (such as the [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?api=attribution.v0-beta&title=Special%3ARestSandbox REST sandbox on English Wikipedia]). Share your feedback on the [[mw:Talk:Attribution API|project talk page]]. * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/17|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W17"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 15:01, 20 Mata 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30432763 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-18</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W18"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/18|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * There is a change in how new users are autoconfirmed that will improve anti-vandalism protection. Currently, users who have had an account for a few days and made a few edits are automatically added to the [[{{int:grouppage-autoconfirmed/{{CONTENTLANGUAGE}}}}|{{int:group-autoconfirmed}}]] group. This configuration tends to be exploited by some vandals, who create accounts and start to use them only after some time. To mitigate this, the configuration will be updated next week so that – for the purpose of becoming autoconfirmed – the account age will be counted from their first edit, instead of registration date. The numeric value of the age threshold will remain the same. This change will be deployed only to wikis which require at least one edit as part of the autoconfirmation conditions. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418484] * All Wikipedia users with new accounts and those who activated the "automatically enable most beta features" option in their preference can now use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4 Reading lists|reading lists]] beta feature to save articles for later reading. This helps organize reading interests in one place for convenient access. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where infobox images have huge padding in Firefox, has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423676] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * As a reminder, the global API rate limits will be applied this week to identified API traffic. This is to help ensure [[mw:MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]]. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, including the actual rate limits, see [[mw:Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]] and [[mw:Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits/FAQ|Frequently Asked Questions]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.26|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/18|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W18"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:06, 27 Mata 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30458046 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-19</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W19"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/19|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|Article guidance]] team invites experienced editors of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Pilot wikis and collaborators|pilot Wikipedias]]—Arabic, Bangla, Japanese, Portuguese, Persian, Turkish, Simple English, Spanish, and French—to help translate and adapt [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Category:Pages_using_article_guidance sample outlines]. These outlines will guide editors in creating clear, well-structured, and policy-compliant articles when using [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Special:NewArticle the feature] once it is launched in May 2026. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance#Adapting a sample outline in a Wikipedia|Simple instructions]] on how to translate and adapt the outlines are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product and Technology Advisory Council]] has published [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/May 2026 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|draft recommendations]] on a model that affiliates can follow when contributing to the technical space. Community members are invited to provide feedback on the recommendation until May 8th [[:m:Talk:Product and Technology Advisory Council/May 2026 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|on the talk page]]. * The number of available thumbnail size preferences in MediaWiki is being reduced to three standardized options—Small (180px), Regular (250px), and Large (400px), as part of ongoing efforts to improve performance and reduce strain on thumbnail services. As a result, existing preferences will be mapped to the nearest new size (for example, smaller selections like 120px or 150px will render at 180px, while larger ones like 300px or 360px will render at 400px). The preferences interface will soon be updated to reflect these changes, and users who wish to opt out or provide feedback can do so. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424909] * From now on, even when a permission expires automatically, users will receive an Echo notification similar to the standard notification for permission changes. There is a difference between this and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global reminder bot|Global reminder bot]] in that the latter reminds users a week ''before'' the rights are due to expire, so that they can renew the rights. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the problem where the ULS language selector in [[m:Special:Translate|Special:Translate]] would scroll vertically when it shouldn't, has been resolved. Previously, when users opened the "Translate to English" dropdown and typed certain inputs, the dialog would scroll vertically by a few pixels even when there was enough space to display all results. The dropdown no longer shifts unnecessarily when filtering languages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358864] * The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]], which lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on a single page, continues to improve. For example, watchlists for Wikibase sites such as [[:d:|Wikidata]] now support [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:EntitySchema|EntitySchema]] elements for better tracking. The Live Updates mode now refreshes the special page every 60 seconds to comply with the updated [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|global API rate limits]] for improved real-time responsiveness. Additionally, a directionality bug that displayed links as "changes 3" instead of "3 changes" in mixed-direction lists has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415450][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424422][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418091] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The second phase of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|global API rate limits]] has been rolled out to reduce the [[diffblog:2026/03/26/quo-vadis-crawlers-progress-and-whats-next-on-safeguarding-our-infrastructure/|impact of AI crawlers]] and ensure fair, sustainable access to Wikimedia resources, prioritising human and mission-aligned traffic. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits#Limits|Limits]] have been shifted from per-hour to per-minute, producing smoother traffic patterns and more predictable API load. Community users are not expected to be affected, and no action is required. Early indications show some User-Agent-based requestors are adjusting behaviour, and around 64% of automated API traffic has been identified. Monitoring continues, and Wikimedia Enterprise remains available for commercial support. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.27|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/19|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W19"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:43, 4 Gicurasi 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30498077 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-20</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W20"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/20|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Community Tech has published [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/How to write a good wish|new guidance]] explaining how wishes on Community Wishlist are triaged and prioritized. The documentation is intended to help contributors write stronger proposals by clarifying the factors that influence prioritization decisions. Beyond vote counts, the guidance highlights considerations such as potential impact on the community when determining which wishes move forward. '''Updates for editors''' * The Reader Growth team is launching an experiment to test a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader_Growth/Share_Card|Share Card feature]] that allows readers to create visually engaging cards from Wikipedia articles or selected article sections and share them online, with each card linking back to the original article to help expand readership and article discovery. The mobile-only A/B test will be available to a portion of readers on Arabic, Chinese, French, Vietnamese, and English Wikipedia to better understand reading and sharing habits, and is scheduled to begin the week of May 18 and run for four weeks. * The Android and iOS Wikipedia apps recently released the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/25th_Birthday_Reading_Challenge|25-day reading challenge]] into Beta, as part of efforts to drive reader engagement by encouraging users to complete reading milestones. To track their reading streak during the challenge, App users can add a widget featuring Baby Globe to their home screen. The challenge officially begins May 11. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:17}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:17|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where the global preference for enabling syntax highlighting in wikitext could unexpectedly disable itself after being turned on, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T425286] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The ResourceLoader module <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mediawiki.ui.input</nowiki></code></bdi>, deprecated since [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/39|September 2023]], will be removed this week. There is a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Migrating_from_MediaWiki_UI|guide for migrating from MediaWiki UI to Codex]] for any tools that use it. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T420125] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.2|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/20|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W20"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:20, 11 Gicurasi 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30524429 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-21</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W21"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/21|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Abstract Wikipedia team has identified five potential pilot wikis to assess their interest in adopting abstract articles on their wikis. The pilots are Malayalam, Bengali, Dagbani, Arabic, and Indonesian Wikipedia. The feedback period will be open until May 22. If your community is interested in becoming a pilot, [[m:Talk:Abstract Wikipedia|let us know on Meta]]. '''Updates for editors''' * An experiment to show [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|Reading Lists]] to logged-out readers on mobile web will launch on May 18 across German, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, Polish, Dutch, Turkish, and Urdu Wikipedias, and will run for one month. The effort supports broader goals of helping readers save and organize articles for later reading, while encouraging habits that could lead to future Wikipedia contributions. * To support a bookmark button in the Reading List beta feature, the "Tools > Action" menu has been updated to display icons, including the watch star indicator that helps editors identify temporarily watched articles. The icons now also match those used on mobile, improving consistency across platforms. The change is currently limited to the actions menu and mainly affects editors with privileged user rights. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T426008] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|Suggestion Mode]] was released as an [[w:en:A/B test|A/B test]] for newcomer editors on the mobile website at [[phab:T421189|~15 Wikipedias]]. The experiment will measure the impact that Suggestion Mode has on the proportion of newcomer mobile web edit sessions that result in constructive (un-reverted) article edits. The experiment will also evaluate the feature's impact on editor retention, and monitor changes in revert and block rates. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue in the Wikipedia Android app where images could sometimes fail to load after opening a recommended reading list notification, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418231] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata Platform|Wikidata Platform team]] has published its [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update/Backend Replacement|backend replacement recommendation]] and accompanying [[wikitech:Wikidata Query Service/WDQS Architecture re-design|technical architecture]] for the migration of the Wikidata Query Service (WDQS) away from Blazegraph. Feedback is invited until May 25th 2026, especially on potential gaps and impacts on advanced use cases. Wikidata community members and WDQS users are also encouraged to help identify high-impact tools and workflows that may need attention on [[d:Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update/High-Impact Use Cases|this page]]. Feedback can be shared on the [[d:Wikidata talk:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update|Migration talk page]] or during the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Blazegraph Migration Office Hours|next office hour]]. See the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Wikidata Platform team/Newsletter|WDP team newsletter]] for more details. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.3|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * On English, French, Japanese, and a few other Wikipedias, there was a [[diffblog:2025/09/02/better-detecting-bots-and-replacing-our-captcha/|trial of hCaptcha]], a third-party bot detection service. The trial showed that hCaptcha effectively detects and deters some bad-faith automated activity, on its own and by giving [[w:en:Wikipedia:Village pump (technical)/Archive 225#Introducing SuggestedInvestigations|checkusers and stewards]] signals to look into. Because the results were positive, hCaptcha will be rolled out across all wikis over the next few weeks. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Anti-abuse signals/hCaptcha|See the hCaptcha project page]] for technical information about the implementation and privacy protections. [[diffblog:2026/05/04/better-detecting-bots-and-replacing-our-captcha-part-2/|Learn more]]. * The latest Community Tech update is now available, with progress across several Community Wishlist initiatives, including Reading Lists expansion from the mobile app to the website, new language support for "Who Wrote That" and the Personal Dashboard, improvements to 3D rendering and Charts, and upcoming work on talk page sorting, audio playback, and editing workflows. The update also shares current priorities, wishlist status trends, and opportunities for community feedback on future focus areas and the Wikimedia Foundation’s 2026–2027 Annual Plan. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates#May 13, 2026: Latest updates from the Community Tech team|Read the full newsletter for details]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/21|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W21"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:22, 18 Gicurasi 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30539262 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-22</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W22"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/22|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Following a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#LOWM|successful account creation experiment]], an improved logged-out edit warning message will be deployed to all Wikimedia wikis in the first week of June. The change will only affect logged-out users on mobile web who open an editing session. The updated experience is designed to encourage account creation more clearly, while still allowing users to edit with temporary accounts. Results from the experiment showed a significant increase in account creation, with a 27% relative lift among users shown the updated message. As expected, as more people funnel into account creation, temporary accounts decreased by a relative 16%. The experiment did not show any significant changes in constructive edit rates or other monitored contributor metrics. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424595] '''Updates for editors''' * For security reasons, members of certain user groups are [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Mandatory two-factor authentication for users with some extended rights|required to have two-factor authentication]] (2FA) enabled. Members of these groups will be unable to disable the last 2FA method on their account, and it will be impossible to add users without 2FA to these groups. Users will still be able to add new authentication methods or remove them, as long as at least one method is continuously enabled. In the next few weeks, users without 2FA will be removed from these groups. Notably, this applies to bureaucrats. See the linked tasks for deployment schedules. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423119][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423120] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes]] will run an [[w:en:A/B testing|A/B test]] on [[:phab:T415904|10 wikis]], testing [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/Reference Previews|potential improvements for Reference Previews]]. The experiment will run for ~2 weeks at the end of May / beginning of June and will affect 10% of desktop readers on the participating wikis. * After two successful experiments, the Reader Growth team is rolling out an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Image Browsing|Image Browsing]] beta feature for all Wikipedias on mobile on May 25. This means that anyone who has all beta features on by default will start to see this feature, and others can check the box to turn it on in their preferences. The beta feature will include a carousel of all an article's images at the top of the article, with controls for editors to [[mw:Readers/Reader_Growth/Image_Browsing#Phase_2.1_beta_feature|exclude images from the article's carousel or to exclude an article from the feature entirely]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, three dimensional STL files were being rendered incorrectly by the media viewer 3D extension which is now fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416723] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The legacy CSS classes <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>tleft</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>tright</nowiki></code></bdi> have been replaced with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>floatleft</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>floatright</nowiki></code></bdi> as the former do not work consistently across all MediaWiki platforms, notably mobile web and mobile apps. Projects relying on these classes are encouraged to review related usage and plan for migration. Please note that <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>floatleft</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>floatright</nowiki></code></bdi> may also be deprecated in future, although there are currently no plans to do so. [[phab:T426452|Read more]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.4|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/22|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W22"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:52, 25 Gicurasi 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30584502 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-23</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W23"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/23|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Reader Experience team]] is conducting an experiment to show the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|reading lists]] feature, which is still in development, to logged-out mobile readers to test whether it encourages account creation at a higher rate compared to the watchstar button. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists#Experiment timeline|experiment]] was launched on May 18th on German, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, Polish, Dutch, Turkish, and Urdu wikis, and it will run for a month. * The Wikimedia Apps team released [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Explore Feed Refresh/Phase 1|Phase 1]] of the redesigned Home Feed to the Android Beta app. The new Home Feed includes a refreshed "Community" tab and a personalized "For You" tab featuring daily updated reading recommendations. The redesign is part of a broader effort to improve content discovery and create more engaging learning experiences in the Wikipedia apps. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:18}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:18|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where images could fail to load for some suggested edits on [[w:Special:Homepage|Special:Homepage]], leaving the thumbnail stuck in a loading state, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424048] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.5|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/23|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W23"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:09, 1 Kamena 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30613639 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-24</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W24"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/24|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Wikimedia Enterprise has increased the free usage limits for its API offerings. The monthly request limit for the On-demand API has increased from 5,000 to 50,000 requests, while the Snapshot API limit has increased from 15 to 30 requests per month. In addition, Structured Contents snapshots are now available for free accounts. These changes expand access to Wikimedia Enterprise data for developers, researchers, and organizations using Wikimedia content. [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/enhanced-free-api] '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/Explore Feed Refresh/Phase 1|refreshed Explore Feed]], now called the Home Feed, is rolling out to 50% of users of the Wikipedia Android app. The Home Feed helps readers discover relevant content through two new tabs: ''Community'' and ''For You''. The Community tab provides a scrollable feed of curated content and updates from the broader Wikimedia community and movement, while the ''For You'' tab offers a full-screen, swipeable experience that shows content tailored to a user's interests. The redesign is part of a broader effort to improve discovery and enhance the learning experience in the Wikipedia app. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/"Which came first?" Game|Which came first?]] daily trivia game is now available in the beta version of the Wikipedia iOS app in English, German, French, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, Arabic, Chinese, and Turkish. The game uses historical events from Wikipedia's "On This Day" content and challenges readers to guess which of two events happened first. The game was previously released on Android. Communities interested in making the game available in their languages can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/Games#Game availability by language|read the instructions and requirements]]. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]], a new MediaWiki feature that allows editors to reuse references with different details, will begin rolling out to Wikimedia wikis following a successful pilot phase. Deployment will start on 8 June for most [[wikitech:Deployments/Train#Wednesday|Group 1 wikis]] and French Wikipedia, with additional Wikipedia language editions receiving the feature over the coming months. Communities are encouraged to prepare by checking for [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&group=ext-cite&language=en&action_source=search&filter=%21translated&optional=1&action=translate untranslated Cite extension messages] in their language and reviewing any use of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reference Tooltips|Reference Tooltips]], which may require [[:phab:T416304#11668731|updates]] to support the new functionality. Wikis using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Reference Previews|Reference Previews]] do not need to take any action. Communities may also wish to create the ''cite-tracking-category-ref-details'' [[Special:TrackingCategories|tracking category]] as a hidden category using <code><nowiki>__HIDDENCAT__</nowiki></code> (or a dedicated template), and connect it to the corresponding Wikidata item [[d:Q129764848]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T425662] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Mobile page previews#Experimentation|Page Previews experiment]] on mobile web has concluded. The team decided not to roll out the feature after the results showed no statistically significant impact on reader retention, as the primary success metric was retention improvement. Page Previews, which are already available on desktop and in the apps, display a thumbnail, lead paragraph, and link to the full article when readers tap a blue link. The experiment tested this experience on mobile web across six Wikipedias. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Design/Icons|user interface icon library]] will be [[phab:T399175|updated later this week or next week]]. Most of the ~300 icons have been slightly refined and ~30 new icons have been added. These changes improve the icons to make them more consistent and comprehensible, and provide more visual balance when they are used in groups. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Language Selector|Universal Language Selector]] (ULS) interface in MediaWiki, which helps users select content in other languages, has been updated. The new version improves speed and accessibility, and users of Wikimedia projects can now pin languages for quicker language switching. The deployment to Wikimedia sites will happen gradually in the coming weeks. You can test it now as a beta feature by selecting [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta features]] in your profile preferences and share your feedback on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Language Selector/New ULS|the project page]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where the Pageviews Analysis dashboard on pageviews.wmcloud.org stopped updating graph data in May 2026, affecting all users, has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427171] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The function signature for <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mw.util.addPortletLink()</nowiki></code></bdi> has been simplified. Developers can now pass a configuration object instead of a list of positional parameters when creating portlet links. The previous function signature remains supported for backwards compatibility. For example, instead of: <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mw.util.addPortletLink('p-cactions', '#', 'Stub', 'ca-stubtag', 'Add a stub tag to this page');</nowiki></code></bdi> use <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mw.util.addPortletLink('p-cactions', { href: '#', text: 'Stub', id: 'ca-stubtag', tooltip: 'Add a stub tag to this page' });</nowiki></code></bdi>. Script maintainers are encouraged to review existing uses of <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>addPortletLink()</nowiki></code></bdi> and update them where appropriate. This change will be available on all wikis from 11 June. Thanks to community volunteer Gerges for contributing this improvement. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427945] * '''Community Wishlist discussion''': Product & Technology [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates#May 20, 2026: Community Tech becomes a program|introduced changes]] meant to increase the number and complexity of wishes fulfilled, including the disbanding of the Community Tech team. They are [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates|engaging in discussions]] about a [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist#Proposed direction for Wishlist|proposed direction for the wishlist]] from community members. Includes ways to structure annual voting, better tracking of wishes, removing focus areas, and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates|staffing updates]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.6|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/24|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W24"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:30, 8 Kamena 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30650573 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-25</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W25"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/25|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth|Reader Growth team]] has launched an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Image Browsing|Image Browsing]] beta feature on the mobile web version of all Wikipedias. The feature shows an image carousel at the top of articles with 3 or more images. Editors can configure this feature with the following controls: to hide a specific image from a page, either use <code>class=notpageimage</code> excluding it from thumbnail previews, or <code>class=noviewer</code> excluding it from MediaViewer. The carousel can also be disabled from a page entirely, with the magic word <code><nowiki>__NOMEDIAVIEWERCAROUSEL__</nowiki></code>. To submit feedback or flag bugs, please visit the [[mw:Talk:Readers/Reader Growth/Image Browsing|project page]]. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Tables#class="wikitable"|Wikitables]] can now be [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Sortable tables#Forcing the initial sort direction|sorted in descending order]] on the first click by adding <code dir=ltr>data-sort-order="desc"</code> to the header cell. Previously, by default, clicking a column header for the first time sorts it in ascending order. This addition to a Wikitable gives it more control and flexibility, while the default behavior for subsequent clicks remains unchanged. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398416] '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|Article guidance]] feature is currently being tested with some editors creating new articles on the Simple English, French, and Turkish Wikipedias. The experiment will soon begin on the Arabic and Bangla Wikipedias as well. [[w:simple:Special:NewArticle|This feature]] gives editors community-curated guidance to help them create articles that follow community standards. Experienced editors can continue creating or adapting outlines for specific article types that are commonly created by less experienced contributors. The outlines guide less experienced editors in creating high-quality articles. A quick guide to markups used in outlines can be found on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Test feature guide#Markups in outlines|this page]]. [[w:simple:Wikipedia:Article Guidance|Example outlines]] that can be adapted and instructions for how to adapt them are on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance#Adapting a sample outline in a Wikipedia|this section]] of the project page. * Wikis that wish to replace the "indefinitely" button in Special:Block for temporary accounts (for example, wikis that block temporary users only until account expiration) will be able to do so by creating [[MediaWiki:ipb-indefinite-expiry-temporary-account]] with the block duration they want. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427125] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:41}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:41|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * By the end of June, a valid user-agent string will be required for automated dumps downloads from the dumps.wikimedia.org website. Automated requests that provide a generic or empty user-agent will be blocked. This [[phab:T400119|extends enforcement]] of the long standing [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Wikimedia Foundation User-Agent Policy|user-agent policy]]. Access to dumps through Wikimedia Cloud Services will not change. * The roll out of global [[mw:Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|API rate limits]] is now complete, with limits enforced across all APIs and at the documented levels for all groups. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki remain exempt. All bots should continue to follow the documented best practices to avoid being rate limited. * The [https://api.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page API Portal wiki] will be read only starting this week (June 15-18). The following week (June 22-25), all API Portal wiki URLs will redirect to [[mw:Wikimedia APIs|Wikimedia APIs on mediawiki.org]]. Learn more on the [[wikitech:API Portal/Deprecation|project page]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.7|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * On June 17th at 6pm UTC the WMF will be holding Discord call focused on a code review. We've heard through the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Developer Satisfaction Survey/2026|Developer Satisfaction Survey]] that volunteers are struggling with code review and we'd like to discuss these experiences with the goal of surfacing workable solutions. You can join the call [https://discord.gg/wikipedia?event=1514727511102062664 via the Wikimedia Community Discord server]. * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Conferencia Wikimedia de América Latina 2026|Latin American Wikimedia Conference]] will host a regional hackathon that will bring together the Wikimedia movement’s technical community including developers, system administrators, data scientists, and users with extended rights. Interested technical contributors can [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSf4osJzTHBJjQbYJk7TMVEJjTEQv7IgtsUDfP-o-qTgeRQQxw/viewform apply for a scholarship] to participate until June 21 at midnight (Bolivia time, UTC-4). * Sign up for Wikimania Team Challenges to join this special event. The Team challenges will take place online and in person from July 21 to 22, before Wikimania conference. Everyone is welcome, regardless of skills or Wikimania registration. Teams will work on 10 important challenges supporting the Wikimedia community. For details, visit [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2026:Team challenges|the Team Challenges page]] and [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/wm/teamchallenges/ register there]. Registration closes on June 20th at 11pm UTC. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/25|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W25"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16:49, 15 Kamena 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30689604 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-26</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W26"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/26|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature summary|Growth features]] are [[phab:T418115|now available at Wikidata]]. This update enables access to Mentorship ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Mentorship|if configured]]), Impact module, the Help Panel, and a simplified Newcomer Homepage (without Suggested Edits). Wikidata administrators are still configuring the features through Community Configuration. '''Updates for editors''' * The special page [[{{#special:RangeCalculator}}]] has been created. It allows users to find an IP range without needing to rely on external tools. Until now, this tool was only available to CheckUsers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T268429] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]] is a new MediaWiki feature that allows editors to reuse references with different details. It will be deployed to most small and medium-sized Wikipedia language versions on June 23. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#deployment|FAQ]] lists possible actions to take on your wiki to support the deployment. Check the [[:phab:T414094|rollout plan]] for the next deployment steps. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T428902] * Starting next week, users will get a notification when they are blocked or unblocked from editing, or if this block changes. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T100974] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Starting next week, abuse filters that are set to "require CAPTCHA verification" will begin to also affect users with the <code>skipcaptcha</code> right, which includes most autoconfirmed users. Bots are exempted. This change only affects edits that trigger an abuse filter. The <code>skipcaptcha</code> right will continue to exempt users from having to solve CAPTCHAs in the ordinary course of using the wikis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402595] * Reference documentation for the [[wikitech:Machine_Learning/LiftWing/API|Lift Wing API]] has moved from the API Portal to the interactive [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?api=lift-wing&title=Special%3ARestSandbox REST Sandbox]. * The API Portal wiki is now closed. For API documentation, see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_APIs|Wikimedia APIs on mediawiki.org]]. All API Portal wiki URLs (https://api.wikimedia.org/wiki/) will redirect to the mediawiki.org page starting June 22. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427537] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.8|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * Join an online call on 25 June at 2:30pm UTC to meet the current Wikimedia interns for [[mw:Google_Summer_of_Code/2026|Google Summer of Code]] and [[mw:Outreachy/Round_32|Outreachy]]. Interns will provide an overview of their projects and a brief demo of their work so far. Attendees are encouraged to [[mw:event:Google_Summer_of_Code/Summer_2026_June_Internship_open_session|share ideas and connections in their community]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/26|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W26"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 13:05, 23 Kamena 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30722494 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-27</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W27"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/27|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * As part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments|Account Creation Experiments]], the Growth team tested adding a user account icon in the mobile web header for logged-out users, providing direct access to "Create account" and "Log in" actions. The experiment increased account creation by about 20% without negatively affecting edit quality or constructive edit rates. The feature will now be rolled out to all Wikimedia Foundation wikis on mobile web in the first week of July. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T428220] * After a [[phab:T426248|successful experiment]], logged-in users who did not [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Email_confirmation|confirm their email address]] when their account was created see a new banner asking them to complete that process. This helps reduce the risk that users get locked out of their account, and makes account email addresses overall more reliable. This is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Account Security]] project. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T428292] * An update to [[Special:Search|Search]] is refining how the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>-prefix:</nowiki></code></bdi> behaves when used to exclude results. Previously, using <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>-prefix:</nowiki></code></bdi> with negation could unintentionally broaden search results by adding the namespaces included in the search scope, leading to confusing behavior for users expecting a straightforward exclusion filter. With the update, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>-prefix:</nowiki></code></bdi> will now strictly exclude matching page titles as intended and may display a warning if the relevant namespace has not been explicitly selected. The behavior of <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>prefix:</nowiki></code></bdi> without negation however remains unchanged. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427443] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:33}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:33|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where reviewers using the Page Curation toolbar were not automatically subscribed to talk page discussions they started has now been fixed. Reviewers will now receive notifications when someone replies to those discussions. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T329346] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Starting June 29th, automated downloads from the dumps.wikimedia.org website will be subject to the [[Foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Wikimedia Foundation User-Agent Policy|user-agent policy]]. Automated requests that provide a generic or empty user-agent will be blocked. Access to dumps through Wikimedia Cloud Services remains unaffected. This is a follow up to the announcement made in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/25|2026/25 issue of Tech News]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.9|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/27|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W27"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 11:48, 29 Kamena 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30744833 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-28</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W28"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/28|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:34}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:34|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where the search bar results on Wikidata, showed English results instead of using the correct language fallback for users of language variants, has now been fixed. Search suggestions will now follow the expected language fallback chain. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T429769] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * In preparation for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Celebrate Women|Celebrate Women campaign]] planned for March 2027, the Wikimedia Foundation’s [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Advancement/Community Growth/Content Enablement|Content Enablement team]] has launched a 22-question survey to better understand technical contributions by women+ (anyone who identifies as a woman) across Wikimedia projects. The survey takes approximately 15–20 minutes to complete and will remain open until 20 July 2026. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Celebrate Women/Technical contributions survey|questions]] are also available on-wiki for review in advance. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Score|Score extension]] now supports rendering music scores as SVG images in addition to PNG, addressing a long-standing [[:phab:T49578|feature request]] and resolving historical image quality issues. Both formats are now provided to clients, with PNG in the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>src</nowiki></code></bdi> attribute and SVG in the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>srcset</nowiki></code></bdi> attribute. * The new [[wikitech:Parsoid|Parsoid]] parser [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser_Unification/Updates|continues to be deployed to additional wikis]], making it easier to introduce new reading and editing features. It was enabled on French Wikipedia, bringing total progress to covering 78.9% of Wikipedia page views. Rollout to English Wikipedia desktop will progress through this week. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.10|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The Wikimedia Hackathon 2026 [[diffblog:2026/06/29/wikimedia-hackathon-2026-building-collaborating-and-shaping-the-future-together/|recap blog post]] is now live. It highlights the projects, sessions, and social activities from this year’s event, and shares initial plans for the 2027 Wikimedia Hackathon. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/28|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W28"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 13:57, 6 Nyakanga 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30773578 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-29</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W29"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/29|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Revise_Tone|Revise Tone]] helps newcomers identify passages in Wikipedia articles that may contain non-encyclopedic language and encourages them to consider revising the tone. The feature was [[w:en:A/B_testing|A/B tested]] on the Arabic, English, French, and Portuguese Wikipedias, where newcomer task completion rates [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Revise_Tone#Experiment_Results|increased by 38.7%]] compared to the default Copyedit task, with no decrease in edit quality. The test ended on July 9, and the feature is now available for everyone on these wikis, configurable via Community Configuration. [[phab:T426364|The plan]] is to release Revise Tone to more wikis. * The community configuration that allows [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Mentorship#Automated mentor list cleanup|automatic removal of inactive mentors]] based on configurable criteria will be enabled on Thursday 16, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Deployment|on some wikis]] to keep mentor lists up to date. Mentors are experienced contributors who opt in to help new users on-wiki through the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature summary|Growth Features]]. Administrators can now prepare the settings via [[w:Special:CommunityConfiguration/Mentorship|Special:CommunityConfiguration/Mentorship]]; they will take effect starting Thursday. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:38}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:38|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where some users of the Wikipedia Android app were logged out immediately after signing in, preventing them from staying logged in and editing pages, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T316916] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Editing a page via user scripts or gadgets was causing watchlist labels that the user had assigned to that page to reset. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423778] * To work around a Safari bug (see [[phab:T425211]]), on Parsoid-enabled wikis, wikilink hrefs now use absolute urls instead of protocol-relative urls. REST API output remains unchanged and continue to use protocol-relative urls. Gadgets, user scripts, bots, and CSS might need to be adapted if they relied on the presence of protocol-relative urls in wikilink hrefs. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T431358] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.11|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The Wikimedia Foundation’s Experiment Platform Team has published a blog post reflecting on its first year of structured experimentation. It highlights successful experiments such as Paste Check, Reference Check, and Tone Check, which improved editing outcomes and have been rolled out to more users, as well as experiments that did not lead to product changes. [[diffblog:2026/07/07/moving-the-needle-how-we-test-new-ideas-across-wikimedia-projects|Read more]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/29|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W29"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16:12, 13 Nyakanga 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30804401 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-30</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W30"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/30|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reader/Reader Experience|Reader Experience team]] has incorporated community feedback around the placement of watchstar and watchlist buttons for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4 Reading lists|Reading Lists beta feature]], which would allow for saving articles for later reading – a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/W102|wishlist item]] to bring the functionality to web. Editors are invited to enable the beta feature to test it out and [[phab:T426453|share their thoughts]]. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|Suggestion Mode]] offers edit suggestions within the VisualEditor for improving Wikipedia articles. [[Special:EditChecks|All suggestions]] are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Suggestion mode#For administrators – local customization|community-configurable]]. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/TextMatch|TextMatch]] feature is a way for volunteers to create custom local suggestions. The feature searches in articles for strings of text, and now includes support for regular expressions. This gives volunteers greater precision and flexibility over the kinds of local suggestions they can create. Note: Suggestions [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Configuration#:~:text=maximumEditcount|can be targeted]] based on the edit count of the person editing as well as other aspects of the page. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Suggestion mode#Create custom local types of Suggestions|find examples from other communities]] for inspiration, including TextMatches that detect: typos, grammar-errors, potential advertisements, clichés, incorrect dash or hyphen usage, non-specific time keywords, outdated names, and more. Any [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|feedback]] is appreciated. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where the SVG Translate tool could use an outdated version of a file, causing existing translations to be overwritten when new ones were uploaded, has now [[phab:T430577|been fixed]]. Overall, in the last quarter from April – June 2026 about 337 community tasks were resolved by the Wikimedia Foundation. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * On Parsoid-enabled wikis, Parsoid now renders a maximum of 1,250 images per page. A new tracking category, "media-limit-reached", will be soon made available to identify pages where this limit is reached, making it easier to find content whose media output may have been restricted during rendering. See [[phab:T430854]] for more information and to provide feedback. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.12|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/30|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W30"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 05:47, 21 Nyakanga 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30836091 --> ax76ebikcatukt026w5ssmqkio0ddtx 0 14159 134049 111800 2026-07-22T16:26:08Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 134049 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:A water Tank being filled with water on a moving Vehicle in Ado-Ekiti.jpg|thumb|Ibigega bifata amazi|162x162px]] [[Dosiye:Virunga National Park-108017.jpg|thumb|virunga water|151x151px]] [[Dosiye:Water drop impact on a water-surface - (2).jpg|thumb]] == Intangiriro == Mu gihe Umushinga Water for Virunga urimo gusoza ibikorwa byawo nyuma y'imyaka 4 ufasha abaturage abatuye Umurenge wa Bugeshi ku nkengero za Pariki y'ibirunga mu bikorwa byo gufata amazi no kurwanya isuri, abagenerwa bikorwa basabwe gufatanya n'Ubuyobozi gukomeza kubisigasira.<ref>https://www.rba.co.rw/post/Abaturage-150-bo-muri-Rubavu-bavuze-ko-bahangayikishijwe-ningurane-idakwiye-babariwe</ref> == Igihe Uzamara == [[Dosiye:United Potable Water Truck Sonoma 2023.jpg|thumb|Imodoka z'ibigenga byamazi zikoreshwa mukuyakwirakwiza|145x145px]] Muri iki gihe cy'imyaka 4 ,Abaturage baturiye Ibirunga mu turere twa Burera, Musanze, Nyabihu na Rubavu bafashijwe n'Umushinga wa Water for Virunga kubona ibigega bifata amazi ndetse no gutera ibiti mu rwego rwo kurwanya isuri.<ref>https://rushyashya.net/rubavu-ikibazo-cyabimuwe-mu-ishyamba-rya-gishwati-cyongeye-gukurura-impaka-imbere-ya-perezida-kagame/</ref> == Ibigenga == Nk'uko byagarutsweho n'Umuhuzabikorwa w’umushinga Water For Virunga mu Rwanda, Uganda na Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo, Gertjan Leereveld yavuze ko ibigega batanze byafashije mu gukumira amazi yambukaga muri Congo bigateza amakimbirane n’abaturage bo mu gace ka Kibumba.<ref>https://www.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/rubavu-upfushije-umuntu-abunza-imitima-ashaka-aho-kumushyingura?fbclid=IwAR01AyiJj0QJpp-K0dAQdN3jazvgOJgpLgxyI5LMoaEPpr0RKJag5Tvcw5k</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.rubavu.gov.rw/soma-ibikurikira/abaturaye-bugeshi-basabwe-gusigazira-ibyo-bagejejweho-na-water-for-virunga |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-23 |archive-date=2023-02-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230223062113/https://www.rubavu.gov.rw/soma-ibikurikira/abaturaye-bugeshi-basabwe-gusigazira-ibyo-bagejejweho-na-water-for-virunga |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiti]] [[Ikiciro:Umushinga wo kurengera ibidukikije]] kcub4ytfmgkucsd3h3yqb8u2whh2agx 0 14322 133890 132290 2026-07-20T21:48:44Z Clemy Keza 18414 Amakosa y’imyandikire. 133890 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Fljótsdalur.jpg|thumb|Akabande]] [[Dosiye:Kubura k'ubwatsi.jpg|thumb|umubande]] Akabande cyangwa imibande ni ahantu hari hagati y’utununga cyangwa imisozi ibiri harangwa n’isoko y’amazi y’imusozi cyangwa y’ikuzimu. Kandi cyikaba igice kigaragara hejuru ku buso bw’isi kibaho ibinyabuzima harimo ibimera, inyamaswa n’abantu.<ref name=":0">https://bwiza.com/?Ahantu-hagiye-habera-ubwicanyi-bukomeye-muri-Jenoside-yakorewe-Abatutsi-ku</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://inyangenewss.com/?p=7947 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2025-06-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250605204528/https://inyangenewss.com/?p=7947 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":1">https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/iya-24-mata-1994-inkotanyi-zatangiye-guhungishiriza-i-byumba-abo-zari-zarokoye?url_reload=24</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/gicumbi-muri-2018-abaturage-bose-bazaba-batuye-mu-midugudu</ref> === Ibikorwa === Akabande cyangwa umubande hakunze kuba harangwa n'amazi cyangwa ubutaka bworoshye, ibi bituma bigorana kuhatura cyangwa kuhashyira inyubako, akenshi Akabande cyangwa umubande hakunze gukorerwa ibikorwa by'ubuhinzi nk'imirima y'imigenda cyangwa imitabo, hakaba kandi hakorerwa ibikorwa by'ubworozi.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ijamboryumwana.com/uruhinja-rwamezi-10-rwakomerekeye-bikomeye-mu-mpanuka-ikomeye-yabereye-i-karongi/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226074428/https://ijamboryumwana.com/uruhinja-rwamezi-10-rwakomerekeye-bikomeye-mu-mpanuka-ikomeye-yabereye-i-karongi/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.urwego.com/2012/11/bahoneza-rwanda-social-welfare-rwanda_9.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226074439/https://www.urwego.com/2012/11/bahoneza-rwanda-social-welfare-rwanda_9.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.inyenyerinews.org/politiki/impinduka-mu-rwanda/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226074434/https://www.inyenyerinews.org/politiki/impinduka-mu-rwanda/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ar.umuseke.rw/kigali-kajugujugu-ya-gisirikare-yakoze-impanuka-i-rusororo.hmtl |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226074428/https://ar.umuseke.rw/kigali-kajugujugu-ya-gisirikare-yakoze-impanuka-i-rusororo.hmtl |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Dosiye:Igishanga mu Rwanda.jpg|thumb|Igishanga]] Aha mu kabande cyangwa umubande niho usanga ibikorwa bitandukanye bicukurwamo maze bigatanga amashanyarazi nka nyiramugengeri. Hari utubande tugiye tuzwi nk'akabande ka Nyarubera ku Kibuga, aha ubu ni mu [[Akarere ka Huye|Karere ka Huye]].<ref name=":0" /> === Inyamaswa mu mubande === [[Dosiye:Umusambi.jpg|thumb|Umusambi]] Ubundi hari inyamaswa zibera mu gishanga, nk'umusambi; rero umusambi ukunze kuba munsi y’urugo ahantu hakonje, cyangwa ahegereye igishanga, cyangwa mu bishanga birimo amavomo aho mu cyaro yitwa Kano. Imisambi isigaye iba hamwe, kuko ubusanzwe muri kamere yayo itungwa n’udukoko two mu gishanga, ikogoga umubande wose ishaka ibyo kurya ku buryo yashoboraga kuva mu murenge umwe ikirirwa mu gishanga cy’undi murenge ikaza gutaha igihe cy’izuba rya Kiberinka. Hari imisambi yabaga mu mubande wegereye igishanga cya Kanyonyomba. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://rwandanews24.rw/2022/12/30/kubungabunga-ibinyabuzima-ntibikiri-umuco-wabanyarwanda-kubera-iterambere-rutangarwamaboko/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-28 |archive-date=2023-03-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328082215/https://rwandanews24.rw/2022/12/30/kubungabunga-ibinyabuzima-ntibikiri-umuco-wabanyarwanda-kubera-iterambere-rutangarwamaboko/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ar.umuseke.rw/u-rwanda-rusigaranye-imisambi-300-gusa-mu-gihe-rwigeze-kugira-isaga-10-000.hmtl |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-28 |archive-date=2023-03-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328082215/https://ar.umuseke.rw/u-rwanda-rusigaranye-imisambi-300-gusa-mu-gihe-rwigeze-kugira-isaga-10-000.hmtl |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Amazi === Mu gishanga n'ubwo hakorerwa ibikorwa bitandukanye, amazi hayo akunze kuba ari mabi, afite umwanda cyane ndetse anatera indwara.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://inyarwanda.com/index.php/inkuru/124267/kayonza-barinubira-indwara-ziterwa-numwanda-kubera-amazi-arimo-umwanda-bavoma-124267.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-28 |archive-date=2023-03-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328082218/https://inyarwanda.com/index.php/inkuru/124267/kayonza-barinubira-indwara-ziterwa-numwanda-kubera-amazi-arimo-umwanda-bavoma-124267.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Rero ku baturiye akabande bavoma mu dusoko, cyangwa se bakadaha amazi hasi. Ni ukuvuga ko bavoma amazi mabi bikagira ingaruka mbi ku buzima bwabo kubera umwanda, harimo no gutera abana kurwara inzoka. <ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/kamonyi-barishimira-umuyoboro-w-amazi-meza-n-inzu-z-abatishoboye-bujuje</ref> === Ibishanga === Mu bishanga bizwi, harimo '''igishanga cya Rwampara''', '''igishanga cya Gikondo''', '''igishanga cya Nyabugog'''o, '''igishanga cya''' '''Rugenge''' ahazwi nko mu Rwintare na Kibumba. <ref name=":2">https://www.rba.co.rw/post/Ibindi-bishanga-5-byo-mu-Mujyi-wa-Kigali-bigiye-gutunganywa</ref> == Ibyiza by'ibishanga == 𝗜𝗯𝗶𝘀𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗴𝗮 𝗻𝗶 𝘂𝗺𝘂𝘁𝘂𝗻𝗴𝗼 𝗸𝗮𝗺𝗲𝗿𝗲 ufatiye 𝗿𝘂𝗻𝗶𝗻𝗶 abantu. Ibishanga ni icyigega cy'amazi, bifasha kuyungurura amazi, ni indiri y’urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima. Ibishanga bidufasha guhangana n’ibiza.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ubutaka]] njthoqr9pgg3ha4p41nkyic61vyob34 0 14334 133889 100088 2026-07-20T21:36:20Z Clemy Keza 18414 Amakosa y’imyandikire 133889 wikitext text/x-wiki <center>[[Dosiye:Nyandungupark.jpg|thumb|Nyandungu Park ahantu ho kuruhukira.]]</center> [[Dosiye:Nyandungu park.jpg|thumb|'''Nyandungu Park''' ahantu heza ho gutembera no kuruhukira.]] Ushobora kuba utagira akazi kenshi cyangwa se ukora buri munsi (full time), gusa uko byagenda kose, ukeneye umwanya wo kuruhuka ukagarura imbaraga mbere yo gusubira mu kazi mu cyumweru gitaha. Bigusaba kuruhuka mu mpera z’icyumweru, kandi burya uburyo bwiza bwabyo si ukuryama nk’uko bamwe bajya babyibeshyaho. Gutembera, kwicara ahantu hatuje ukitekerezaho bigufasha guhindura ibitekerezo kurushaho. Ni yo mpamvu ugomba kumenya ahantu heza wasura cyangwa se wasohokera mu mpera z'icyumweru ukagabanya umunaniro wo mu mibyizi. == Aho wasohokera == Ahantu wasohokera mu mpera z'icyumweru hamwe n’umuryango, inshuti cyangwa umukunzi: === '''Inzora Rooftop Café''' === Niba ushaka ahantu wajya kuruhukira wenyine, ugasoma igitabo uri kunywa ikawa, ureba hirya no hino muri Kigali, Inzora Rooftop Café yaba amahitamo meza. Inzora iherereye ku Kacyiru mu Ikirezi Bookstore, ni ahantu heza ku bakunda gusoma ibitabo. Menu yabo iba ikubiyemo amafunguro agenewe abadakunda inyama (Vegetarian food) nubwo abazirya nabo batibagiranye. === '''Gate 10''' === Iyo usohokanye n’umuntu bwa mbere cyane cyane mutaziranye, hari igihe mushobora kubura ingingo muganira. Biba byiza kujya ahantu hari ibintu byabaha icyo muganira ku buryo bworoshye. Gate 10 rero ni amahitamon meza. Iyi restaurant iherereye ku Kimihurura. Iyo uhageze usanganirwa n’imitako ifite igisobanuro gikomeye mu mateka. === '''Saray Spa''' === Waba ushaka massage, ibishashara cyangwa kwita ku ruhu rwo mu maso? Muri iyi Spa iba muri Kigali Marriott Hotel ushobora kubibona byose ukaruhuka nyuma y’akazi kenshi. Massage ifasha umuntu kuruhura umubiri, nta mpamvu yo kuba ufite imyaka 30 ariko umuntu yakubona akagira ngo uri umusaza wa 50 kubera iminkanyari igutamirije mu gahanga! Ibiciro byo muri Saray Spa bijyana n’icyo ushaka. Ntabwo ari ahantu ho kwisukirwa na buri wese mu biciro, gusa wagerageza nibura inshuro imwe. === '''Brachetto''' === Niba uri umukunzi wa Vino, wagerageza Brachetto, iherereye ku Kacyiru. Brachetto ni restaurant y’Abataliyani ikora ibintu bigezweho kandi bikoranye ubuhanga. Bafite Vino nyinshi zituruka mu Butaliyani, u Bufaransa n’izo muri Afuruka y’Epfo. Ni ahantu heza wasohokanira n’inshuti zawe ariko uzibuke kwitwaza menshi kuko ntihorohera ikofi. === '''Inema Art Center''' === [[Dosiye:Inema Art Center.jpg|thumb|175x175px|Inema Art Center]] Niba ushaka gusura ahantu muri weekend ukareba ibikorwa by’ubugeni, Inema Art Center hakunezeza. Inema Art Center iherereye ku Kacyiru. Uhasanga ibikorwa bitandukanye nko gushushanya, Gallery, wakora Yoga kandi ukanezezwa n’ababyinnyi baho. Ushobora kuhasura uri kumwe n’inshuti, umugabo cyangwa umugore wawe cyangwa n’umukunzi wawe. === '''Spiderman Game Center''' === Abana muri iyi minsi bakunze cyane Spiderman, nibakubwira ko bashaka gusohoka uzabajyane kuri Spiderman Game Center i Masaka. Ntihahenze kandi hari imikino myinshi ishimisha abana. Bajya bavuga ngo “iyo umwana yishimye n’umubyeyi aba yishimye”. === '''Kigali Golf Resort And Villas''' === [[Dosiye:Golf Course (213635061).jpeg|thumb|187x187px|Kigali Golf Resort.]] Niba ukunda umukino wa golf cyangwa se ukaba utaranawukina, muri iyi weekend uzasure Kigali Golf Resort and Villas iherereye i Nyarutarama. Ni ahantu heza kandi hari amahumbezi. Ushobora kwiyandikisha ukajya ujyayo igihe uboneye umwanya. Byagufasha kandi kwiyungura ubumenyi muri uyu mukino no kumenya n’abantu bashya. Weekend yatangiye, kora budget uhamagare inshuti mugire ibihe byiza uko mwifashe. === '''MONACO CAFÉ''' === Aha ni ahantu benshi bamenyereye gusohokera cyane ko ari mu mujyi rwagati dore ko ari mu nyubako izwi nka T2000, aha hazwi cyane mu kugira amafunguro meza ndetse bakanerekana imipira ku ma televiziyo ya rutura cyane ko ariho ha mbere bagira televiziyo nini mu Rwanda, iyi bakaba bayerekaniraho umupira uhuza Real Madrida na PSG kimwe n’indi mikino ihari dore ko umwe mu myihariko aha hantu hagira harimo nio kuba hazwiho kwerekana imipira myinshi kandi icyarimwe arinayo mpamvu benshi bakunda kuhasohokera. Usibye ko aha arinahantu hasanzwe hakunze gusohokera abakundana no kuri iyi nshuro ntawabura guhamya ko ari ahantu heza ho gusohokana umukunzi. === Excellent Restaurant === “Excellent Restaurant” ni restora iri i Nyamirambo imbere ya Saint André muri Etage hejuru, ikaba iri ari ahantu heza ho gusohokera kuko uhicara witegereza ibyiza bitatse Umujyi wa Kigali. Iyi restora iri mu nyubako ya CENAKULUM, ikorerwamo n’abandi bantu bazwi mu Rwanda nk’umuhanzi King James ufitemo “Alimentation”, rwiyemezamirimo Sina Gérard n’abandi. == Reba == <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.impamba.com/2020/09/24/nyamirambo-muri-excellent-restaurant-ni-ahantu-heza-wasohokera/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226111758/http://www.impamba.com/2020/09/24/nyamirambo-muri-excellent-restaurant-ni-ahantu-heza-wasohokera/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>http://mobile.igihe.com/ubukerarugendo/article/ahantu-ushobora-kuruhukira-muri-weekend-i-kigali</ref> <ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubukerarugendo/ahantu/Kigali-iri-ku-mwanya-wa-gatanu-w-ahantu-heza-ho-gutemberera-muri-2020-Urutonde-Amafoto</ref> <ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/80423/ahantu-hanyuranye-ho-gusohokana-umukunzi-muri-kigali-kuri-uy-80423.html</ref> bobwkc37ac8jkhn0dy6ykp598o947fv 0 14351 133906 130494 2026-07-21T12:42:20Z CommonsDelinker 88 Replacing Corn_shows_the_affect_of_drought.jpg with [[File:Corn_shows_the_effect_of_drought.jpg]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[:c:COM:FR#FR3|Criterion 3]] (obvious error)). 133906 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Change_in_Average_Temperature_With_Fahrenheit.svg|alt=The global map shows sea temperature rises of 0.5 to 1 degree Celsius; land temperature rises of 1 to 2 degree Celsius; and Arctic temperature rises of up to 4 degrees Celsius.|thumb| Ikigereranyo cy'ubushyuhe bwo mu kirere kuva mu mwaka wa 2011 kugeza mu wa 2021 ugereranije na 1956–1976]] [[Dosiye:Global_Temperature_And_Forces_With_Fahrenheit.svg|alt=The graph from 1880 to 2020 shows natural drivers exhibiting fluctuations of about 0.3 degrees Celsius. Human drivers steadily increase by 0.3 degrees over 100 years to 1980, then steeply by 0.8 degrees more over the past 40 years.|thumb| Guhindura mubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwikirere kuva Revolution Revolution yinganda, wongeyeho abashoferi kuri izo mpinduka. Ibikorwa byabantu byatumye ubushyuhe bwiyongera, hamwe nimbaraga karemano zongeramo ibintu bitandukanye. ]] Mu mikoreshereze rusange, '''imihindagurikire y’ikirere''' isobanura '''ubushyuhe bw’isi''' cyangwa kwiyongera kubushyuhe ku isi,- kwiyongera kw’ubushyuhe buringaniye ku isi - n'ingaruka zabyo ku miterere y’ikirere ku isi. Imihindagurikire y’ibihe mu buryo bwagutse ikubiyemo n’imihindagurikire yigihe kirekire y’ikirere k'isi.Ubwiyongere bw'ubushyuhe bwo ku isi burihuta kurusha impinduka zabanjirije iyi, kandi biterwa ahanini n'abantu batwika ibicanwa . Gukoresha lisansi y’ibinyabuzima, gutema amashyamba, hamwe n’ibikorwa bimwe na bimwe by’ubuhinzi n’inganda byongera imyuka ihumanya ikirere, cyane cyane karuboni ya dioxide na metani . Imyuka ya parike ikurura ubushyuhe isi imurika nyuma yo gushyuha izuba. Umubare munini wiyi myuka ifata ubushyuhe bwinshi mukirere cyo hasi k'isi, bigatuma ubushyuhe bu isi Kubera imihindagurikire y’ikirere, ubutayu buragenda bwiyongera, mu gihe ubushyuhe bw’umuriro n’umuriro bigenda bigaragara. Ubushyuhe bwiyongera muri Arctique bwagize uruhare mu gushonga permafrost, umwiherero w’ibarafu no gutakaza urubura rwo mu nyanja. Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru nabwo butera umuyaga mwinshi, amapfa, n'ibindi bihe bikabije . Imihindagurikire y’ibidukikije mu misozi, amabuye ya korali, na Arctique ihatira amoko menshi kwimuka cyangwa kuzimangana . <ref>{{Cite web |last=EPA |date=19 January 2017 |title=Climate Impacts on Ecosystems |url=https://19january2017snapshot.epa.gov/climate-impacts/climate-impacts-ecosystems_.html#Extinction |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180127185656/https://19january2017snapshot.epa.gov/climate-impacts/climate-impacts-ecosystems_.html#Extinction |archive-date=27 January 2018 |access-date=5 February 2019 |quote=Mountain and arctic ecosystems and species are particularly sensitive to climate change... As ocean temperatures warm and the acidity of the ocean increases, bleaching and coral die-offs are likely to become more frequent.}}</ref> Nubwo imbaraga zo kugabanya ubushyuhe buzaza zigenda neza, ingaruka zimwe zizakomeza ibinyejana byinshi. Harimo gushyushya inyanja, aside yo mu nyanja no kuzamuka ku inyanja . Imihindagurikire y’ibihe ibangamira abantu bafite ikibazo cy’ibiribwa n’amazi, kwiyongera kw’umwuzure, ubushyuhe bukabije, indwara nyinshi, ndetse n’ubukungu . Kwimuka kwabantu namakimbirane nabyo birashobora kuba ibisubizo. Ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima (OMS) ryita imihindagurikire y’ikirere kibangamiye ubuzima bw’isi yose mu kinyejana cya 21. Abaturage barashobora guhangana n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere binyuze mu mbaraga nko kurinda inkombe cyangwa kwagura uburyo bwo guhumeka ikirere, ariko ingaruka zimwe ntizishobora kwirindwa. Ibihugu bikennye bifite uruhare runini ku byuka bihumanya ikirere ku isi, nyamara bifite ubushobozi buke bwo guhangana n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere . Ingaruka nyinshi z’imihindagurikire y’ikirere zimaze kugaragara kuri 1.2 ° C (2.2 ° F) urwego rwo gushyuha. Ubushyuhe bwiyongereye buzongera izo ngaruka kandi burashobora gukurura ingingo, nko gushonga k'urubura rwa Greenland . Mu masezerano y’i [[Paris]] 2015, ibihugu byose byemeranije gukomeza gushyuha "munsi yimyaka 2&nbsp;° C ". Ariko, hamwe n’imihigo yatanzwe mu masezerano, ubushyuhe bw’isi buzakomeza kugera kuri 2.7 ° C (4.9 ° F) mu mpera z'ikinyejana. Kugabanya ubushyuhe kuri 1.5&nbsp;° C bizasaba kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere mu 2030 no kugera kuri 2050 imyuka ihumanya <div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:302px;max-width:302px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:300px;max-width:300px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:151px;overflow:hidden">[[File:Bobcat_Fire,_Los_Angeles,_San_Gabriel_Mountains.jpg|alt=Bobcat Fire in Monrovia, CA, September 10, 2020|298x298px]]</img></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:167px;max-width:167px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:96px;overflow:hidden">[[File:Bleached_colony_of_Acropora_coral.jpg|alt=Bleached colony of Acropora coral|165x165px]]</img></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:131px;max-width:131px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:96px;overflow:hidden">[[File:California_Drought_Dry_Lakebed_2009.jpg|alt=A dry lakebed in California, which is experiencing its worst megadrought in 1,200 years.|129x129px]]</img></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption"> Ingaruka zimwe z’imihindagurikire y’ikirere, yerekeza ku isaha uhereye hejuru ibumoso: [[Wildfire|Inkongi y'umuriro]] yakajije umurego kubera ubushyuhe n’amapfa, [[Drought|ubukana bw’amapfa]] bwangiza amazi, hamwe no [[Coral bleaching|guhumanya amakorali]] yatewe n’ubushyuhe [[Marine heatwave|bwo mu nyanja]] . </div></div></div></div> [[Category:Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images]] Kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya bisaba kubyara amashanyarazi aturuka kuri karubone nkeya aho gutwika ibicanwa. Iyi mpinduka ikubiyemo gukuraho amakara y’amashanyarazi na gaze gasanzwe, kongera cyane imikoreshereze y’umuyaga, izuba, n’ubundi bwoko bw’ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu, no kugabanya ikoreshwa ry’ingufu . Amashanyarazi akomoka ku masoko adatanga imyuka ya karubone azakenera gusimbuza ibicanwa biva mu kirere kugira ngo bitwarwe n’amashanyarazi, inyubako zishyushya, n’inganda zikora inganda. Carbone irashobora kandi gukurwa mu kirere, urugero nko [[Kurinda amashyamba|kongera amashyamba]] no guhinga hakoreshejwe uburyo bufata karubone mu butaka . == Amagambo akunze gukoreshwa == Mbere ya za 1980, igihe bitari byumvikana neza niba ubushyuhe bwo kongera imyuka ihumanya ikirere bwarushaga imbaraga ubukonje bw’imyuka ihumanya [[Imyuka Ihumanya Ikirere|ikirere]], abahanga mu bya siyansi bakoresheje iryo jambo ''ry’imihindagurikire y’ikirere batabishaka'' bavuga ku ngaruka z’abantu ku kirere. Mu myaka ya za 1980, ijambo ''ubushyuhe bw’isi'' n’imihindagurikire ''y’ikirere'' byabaye byinshi. Nubwo ayo magambo yombi rimwe na rimwe akoreshwa mu buryo bumwe, mu buhanga, ''ubushyuhe bw’isi'' bwerekana gusa ubushyuhe bw’ubushyuhe bwo hejuru, mu gihe ''imihindagurikire y’ikirere'' isobanura impinduka zose z’imiterere y’ikirere ku isi. ''Ubushyuhe bukabije ku isi'' - bwakoreshejwe mu 1975 <ref name="Science_Broeker_19750808">{{Cite journal|pages=460–463}}</ref> - bwabaye ijambo ryamamaye cyane nyuma y’uko umuhanga mu bumenyi bw’ikirere wa NASA, James Hansen abukoresheje mu buhamya yatanze mu 1988 muri Sena ya Amerika . Kuva mu myaka ya za 2000, ''imihindagurikire y’ikirere'' yiyongereye mu mikoreshereze. ''Imihindagurikire y’ibihe'' irashobora kandi kwerekeza cyane ku mpinduka zatewe n'abantu cyangwa impinduka kamere mu mateka y'isi. Abahanga mu bya siyansi, abanyapolitiki ndetse n’itangazamakuru ubu bakoresha ijambo ''ikibazo cy’ikirere'' cyangwa ''ibihe byihutirwa by’ikirere'' kugira ngo baganire ku bijyanye n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere, n’ubushyuhe ''bw’isi'' aho gukoresha ''ubushyuhe bw’isi'' . == Ubushyuhe bwerekanwe == [[Dosiye:Common_Era_Temperature.svg|thumb| Kwiyongera k'ubushyuhe ku isi mu myaka 2000 ishize ukoresheje amakuru ya porokisi kuva ku mpeta y'ibiti, korali, hamwe na ice cores mubururu. Ibyatanzwe byerekanwe neza biri mumutuku. <ref name="nasa temperatures">{{Cite web |title=Global Annual Mean Surface Air Temperature Change |url=https://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/graphs_v4/ |access-date=23 February 2020 |publisher=[[NASA]] |archive-date=16 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200416074510/https://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/graphs_v4/ |url-status=live }}</ref>]] Imibare myinshi yigenga yibikoresho byerekana ko ikirere gishyuha. Imyaka icumi ya 2011–2020 yashyushye ku kigereranyo cya 1.09&nbsp;° C [0.95–1.20&nbsp;° C] ugereranije n’ibanze byabanjirije inganda (1850–1900). Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru buriyongera hafi 0.2&nbsp;° C ku myaka icumi, hamwe na 2020 igera ku bushyuhe bwa 1.2&nbsp;° C hejuru yigihe cyabanjirije inganda. [31] Kuva mu 1950, iminsi yubukonje nijoro nijoro byagabanutse, kandi iminsi yubushyuhe nijoro byiyongera. Habayeho ubushyuhe buke hagati yikinyejana cya 18 hagati yikinyejana cya 19. Amakuru y’ikirere muri kiriya gihe aturuka ku miterere y’ikirere, nk'ibiti hamwe n’ibarafu . Inyandiko za Thermometero zatangiye gutanga amakuru ku isi ahagana mu 1850. Uburyo bwamateka yubushyuhe no gukonja, nka Climate Animate ya Medieval hamwe nigihe gito cyibarafu, ntibyigeze bibera icyarimwe mubice bitandukanye. Ubushyuhe bushobora kuba bwarageze hejuru nko mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 20 mu turere duto. Habayeho ibice byabanjirije amateka yubushyuhe bwisi, nka Paleocene - Eocene Thermal Maximum . Nyamara, ubwiyongere bugezweho bwiyongera bwubushyuhe hamwe nubushyuhe bwa CO bwihuse cyane kuburyo ibintu bitunguranye bya geofiziki mumateka yisi bitegereye igipimo kiriho. Ibimenyetso by'ubushyuhe buva mu bipimo by'ubushyuhe bwo mu kirere bishimangirwa n'ibindi byinshi byagaragaye. [39] Urugero, harahanuwe kandi harebwa impinduka z’amazi karemano y’amazi, nko kwiyongera inshuro n’ubukonje bw’imvura nyinshi, gushonga kwa shelegi n’ibarafu y’ubutaka, ndetse n’ubushyuhe bw’ikirere bwiyongera. Ibimera n'ibinyabuzima nabyo bitwara muburyo bujyanye n'ubushyuhe; kurugero, ibimera birabya kare mugihe cyizuba. Ikindi kimenyetso cyingenzi ni ugukonjesha ikirere cyo hejuru, byerekana ko imyuka ya parike irimo gufata ubushyuhe hafi yisi kandi ikayirinda gukwirakwira mu kirere. <ref>{{Cite web |date=3 June 2010 |title=Global Warming |url=https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/features/GlobalWarming |access-date=11 September 2020 |publisher=[[NASA JPL]] |quote=Satellite measurements show warming in the troposphere but cooling in the stratosphere. This vertical pattern is consistent with global warming due to increasing greenhouse gases but inconsistent with warming from natural causes. |archive-date=14 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220814105952/https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/features/GlobalWarming |url-status=live }}</ref> Uturere twisi dushyushye kubiciro bitandukanye . Igishushanyo cyigenga aho imyuka ihumanya ikirere isohoka, kubera ko imyuka ikomeza igihe kirekire kuburyo ikwirakwira kwisi. Kuva mu bihe byabanjirije inganda, impuzandengo yubushyuhe bwo hejuru yubutaka bwiyongereye hafi inshuro ebyiri nkubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwisi. Ibi biterwa nubushyuhe bunini bwinyanja, kandi kubera ko inyanja itakaza ubushyuhe bwinshi mukumuka . Ingufu zumuriro muri gahunda y’ikirere ku isi ziyongereye hamwe n’ikiruhuko gito kuva byibuze mu 1970, kandi hejuru ya 90% y’izo mbaraga ziyongereye zabitswe mu nyanja . <ref name="ocean heat absorption">{{Cite web |year=2018 |title=Climate Change: Ocean Heat Content |url=https://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/climate-change-ocean-heat-content |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190212110601/https://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/climate-change-ocean-heat-content |archive-date=12 February 2019 |access-date=20 February 2019 |publisher=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|NOAA]]}}</ref> Ahasigaye hashyushye ikirere, ushonga urubura, kandi ususurutsa imigabane. <ref name="EarthSysSciData_20200907">{{Cite journal|pages=2013–2041}}</ref> Amajyaruguru y'Amajyaruguru na Pole y'Amajyaruguru byashyushye cyane kurusha Pole y'Amajyepfo n'Amajyepfo y'isi . Amajyaruguru y’Amajyaruguru ntabwo afite ubutaka bwinshi gusa, ahubwo afite ibihe byinshi byurubura hamwe nubura bwinyanja . Mugihe iyi mibumbe ihindagurika yerekana urumuri rwinshi rukaba umwijima nyuma yuko urubura rushonga, batangira gukuramo ubushyuhe bwinshi . Ububiko bwa karubone bwaho bwirabura kuri shelegi na barafu nabyo bigira uruhare mubushyuhe bwa Arctique. Ubushyuhe bwa Arctique buriyongera hejuru yikubye kabiri igipimo cyisi yose . Gushonga kw'ibarafu hamwe n'ibibarafu muri Arctique bihagarika urujya n'uruza rw'inyanja, harimo n'umugezi wa Kigobe wagabanutse, bikomeza guhindura ikirere. == Inshingano yubushyuhe bwa vuba == [[Dosiye:Physical_Drivers_of_climate_change.svg|right|thumb| Abatwara imihindagurikire y’ikirere kuva 1850–1900 kugeza 2010–2019. Nta ntererano ihambaye yatanzwe kuva imbere imbere cyangwa abashoferi b'izuba n'ibirunga.]] Imiterere yikirere ihura ninzinguzingo zitandukanye zishobora kumara imyaka (nka El Niño - Oscillation y'Amajyepfo (ENSO)), imyaka mirongo cyangwa ibinyejana. Izindi mpinduka ziterwa nubusumbane bwingufu "ziva" mumiterere yikirere, ariko ntabwo buri gihe hanze yisi. Ingero z’agahato ko hanze zirimo impinduka ziterwa nubushyuhe bwa gaze ya parike, urumuri rwizuba, kuruka [[Ikirunga|kwikirunga]], hamwe nuburyo butandukanye mubizenguruka isi kuzenguruka izuba. Kugirango hamenyekane uruhare rwabantu mu mihindagurikire y’ikirere, hagomba kuvaho imihindagurikire y’ikirere imbere n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere. Uburyo bw'ingenzi ni ukumenya "igikumwe" kidasanzwe ku mpamvu zose zishobora gutera, hanyuma ugereranye ibyo bitoki hamwe nuburyo bugaragara bw’imihindagurikire y’ikirere. Kurugero, guhatira izuba birashobora kuvaho nkimpamvu ikomeye. Urutoki rwarwo rwaba rushyushye mu kirere cyose. Nyamara, ikirere cyo hasi gusa cyarashyushye, kijyanye na gazi ya parike. Uruhare rw’imihindagurikire y’ikirere ruheruka kwerekana ko umushoferi nyamukuru azamuye imyuka ihumanya ikirere, hamwe na aerosole igira ingaruka mbi. === Imyuka yangiza ikirere === [[Dosiye:Carbon_Dioxide_800kyr.svg|thumb|Ubushuhe bwa CO mumyaka 800.000 iheze nkuko bipimye kurubura rwa barafu <ref>{{Cite journal|pages=379–382}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|pages=1712–1714}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|pages=735–738}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Etheridge |first=D. |last2=Steele |first2=L. |last3=Langenfelds |first3=R. |last4=Francey |first4=R. |last5=Barnola |first5=J.-M. |last6=Morgan |first6=V. |date=1998 |title=Historical CO2 Records from the Law Dome DE08, DE08-2, and DSS Ice Cores |url=https://cdiac.ess-dive.lbl.gov/trends/co2/lawdome.html |access-date=2022-11-20 |website=Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory |archive-date=2017-11-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171113165236/https://cdiac.ess-dive.lbl.gov/trends/co2/lawdome.html |url-status=live }}</ref> (ubururu / icyatsi) kandi butaziguye <ref>{{Cite web |last=Keeling |first=C. |author-link=Charles David Keeling |last2=Whorf |first2=T. |date=2004 |title=Atmospheric CO2 Records from Sites in the SIO Air Sampling Network |url=https://cdiac.ess-dive.lbl.gov/trends/co2/sio-keel.html |access-date=2022-11-20 |website=[[Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center]], [[Oak Ridge National Laboratory]] |archive-date=2017-09-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170929234352/https://cdiac.ess-dive.lbl.gov/trends/co2/sio-keel.html |url-status=live }}</ref> (umukara)]] Imyuka ya parike ibonerana ku zuba, bityo ikayemerera kunyura mu kirere kugira ngo ishyushya isi. Isi irabagirana nkubushyuhe, kandi imyuka ya parike ikurura igice cyayo . Uku kwinjiza bidindiza umuvuduko ubushyuhe bwahungira mu kirere, ugafata ubushyuhe hafi yubuso bwisi kandi bugashyuha mugihe runaka. <ref>{{Cite web |last=NASA |title=The Causes of Climate Change |url=https://climate.nasa.gov/causes |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190508000022/https://climate.nasa.gov/causes/ |archive-date=8 May 2019 |access-date=8 May 2019 |website=Climate Change: Vital Signs of the Planet}}</ref> Mbere y’Impinduramatwara mu nganda, ibisanzwe bisanzwe byuka bihumanya ikirere byatumye umwuka uri hafi yubuso ugera kuri 33&nbsp;° C hashyushye kuruta uko byari kugenda iyo badahari. <ref>{{Cite web |last=ACS |author-link=American Chemical Society |title=What Is the Greenhouse Effect? |url=https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/climatescience/climatesciencenarratives/what-is-the-greenhouse-effect.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190526110653/https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/climatescience/climatesciencenarratives/what-is-the-greenhouse-effect.html |archive-date=26 May 2019 |access-date=26 May 2019}}</ref> Mugihe imyuka y'amazi (~ 50%) n'ibicu (~ 25%) aribyo bigira uruhare runini mubikorwa bya parike, byiyongera nkibikorwa byubushyuhe bityo bikaba ibisubizo . Ku rundi ruhande, imyuka ya gaze nka CO (~ 20%), tropone ya ozone, CFCs na okiside ya nitrous ntabwo biterwa n'ubushyuhe, bityo rero ni imbaraga zo hanze. Ibikorwa byabantu kuva Revolisiyo yinganda, cyane cyane gukuramo no gutwika ibicanwa biva mu kirere ( amakara, peteroli, na gaze gasanzwe ), byongereye imyuka ya parike mu kirere, bivamo ubusumbane bukabije . Muri 2019, ingufu za CO na metani zariyongereyeho hafi 48% na 160%, kuva mu 1750. Izi nzego za CO zirarenze uko zigeze mugihe icyo aricyo cyose mumyaka miriyoni 2 ishize. Kwishyira hamwe kwa metani birarenze kure cyane uko byari bimeze mumyaka 800.000 ishize. [70] [[Dosiye:CO2 Emissions by Source.svg|right|thumb| Umushinga wa Carbone Global werekana uburyo kwiyongera kuri CO kuva 1880 byatewe ninkomoko zitandukanye zigenda ziyongera.]] Kwangiza imyuka ihumanya ikirere ku isi muri 2019 byari bihwanye na 59&nbsp;toni miliyari ya CO . Muri ibyo byuka, 75% ni CO , 18% ni metani, 4% ni okiside ya nitrous, naho 2% ni gaze ya fluor . Imyuka CO [71] ituruka ahanini ku gutwika ibicanwa kugira ngo bitange ingufu mu gutwara, gukora, gushyushya, n'amashanyarazi. Ibindi byuka bya CO biva mu gutema amashyamba no mu nganda, birimo CO yarekuwe n’imiti yo gukora sima, ibyuma, aluminium, n’ifumbire . Ibyuka bya metani biva mu bworozi, ifumbire, [[Umuceli|guhinga umuceri]], imyanda, amazi mabi, no gucukura amakara, ndetse no gucukura peteroli na gaze . Umwuka wa azote uva ahanini muri mikorobe yangirika y'ifumbire . N’ubwo uruhare rw’amashyamba rwangiza imyuka ihumanya ikirere, hejuru yubutaka bwisi, cyane cyane amashyamba yacyo, bikomeje kuba imyanda ikomeye ya CO . Uburyo bwo kurohama ku butaka, nko gutunganya karubone mu butaka na fotosintezeza, bikuraho hafi 29% by’imyuka ihumanya ikirere ya CO ku isi. Inyanja nayo ikora nka karubone ikomeye ikoresheje inzira ebyiri. Ubwa mbere, CO ishonga mumazi yo hejuru. Nyuma yaho, kuzenguruka kwinyanja gukwirakwira mu nyanja imbere, aho ikusanyiriza hamwe igihe kimwe murwego rwa karubone . Mu myaka 20 ishize, inyanja yisi yakiriye 20 kugeza 30% bya CO yasohotse. === Indege n'ibicu === Guhumanya ikirere, muburyo bwa aerosole, bigira ingaruka ku kirere ku rugero runini. Indege ikwirakwiza kandi ikurura imirasire y'izuba. Kuva mu 1961 kugeza 1990, kugabanuka gahoro gahoro k'izuba ryageze ku isi byagaragaye. Iyi phenomenon izwi cyane nka ''global dimming'', kandi iterwa na aerosole ikomoka kumukungugu, umwanda no gutwika ibicanwa na lisansi. <ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Aerosol pollution has caused decades of global dimming |url=https://news.agu.org/press-release/aerosol-pollution-caused-decades-of-global-dimming/ |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-03-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230327143716/https://news.agu.org/press-release/aerosol-pollution-caused-decades-of-global-dimming/ |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|pages=761–769}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=4 June 2020 |title=Global Dimming Dilemna |url=https://www.scientistswarning.org/2020/06/04/dimming-dilemma/ |access-date=26 February 2023 |archive-date=29 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221129150231/https://www.scientistswarning.org/2020/06/04/dimming-dilemma/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Ku isi hose, aerosole yagabanutse kuva mu 1990 kubera kurwanya umwanda, bivuze ko batagihisha ubushyuhe bwa gaze ya parike. Aerosole nayo igira ingaruka zitaziguye ku ngengo yimirasire yisi . Sulfate aerosole ikora nka nuclei igicu kandi iganisha ku bicu bifite byinshi kandi bito bitonyanga. Ibi bicu byerekana imirasire yizuba neza kuruta ibicu bifite ibitonyanga bike kandi binini. Bigabanya kandi imikurire yimvura, ituma ibicu bigaragarira kumurasire yizuba. Ingaruka zitaziguye za aerosole nizo nini zidashidikanywaho muguhatira imirasire. Mugihe ubusanzwe aerosole igabanya ubushyuhe bwisi yerekana urumuri rwizuba, karubone yumukara muri soot igwa kumubura cyangwa urubura birashobora kugira uruhare mubushyuhe bwisi. Ntabwo ibyo byongera gusa kwinjiza izuba, byongera gushonga no kuzamuka kurwego rwinyanja. Kugabanya ububiko bushya bwa karubone muri Arctique bishobora kugabanya ubushyuhe bwisi 0.2&nbsp;° C muri 2050. === Ubutaka burahinduka === [[Dosiye:20210331_Global_tree_cover_loss_-_World_Resources_Institute.svg|left|thumb| Igipimo cyo gutakaza ibiti ku isi cyikubye hafi kabiri kuva 2001, kugeza igihombo cyumwaka cyegereye agace kangana n’Ubutaliyani. ]] Abantu bahindura isi cyane cyane kugirango bahinge [[Umurima|ubutaka bwubuhinzi]] . Muri iki gihe, ubuhinzi bufata 34% by'ubutaka bw'isi, mu gihe 26% ari amashyamba, naho 30% akaba adashobora guturwa (ibibarafu, ubutayu, n'ibindi. ). Umubare w'ubutaka bw'amashyamba ukomeje kugabanuka, akaba ari yo mpinduka nyamukuru ikoreshwa ry'ubutaka itera ubushyuhe ku isi. Gutema amashyamba birekura CO iri mu biti iyo byangiritse, byongeye kandi birinda ibyo biti kwinjiza CO nyinshi mugihe kizaza. Impamvu nyamukuru zitera amashyamba ni: guhindura imikoreshereze yubutaka buhoraho kuva mumashyamba kugera kubutaka bwubuhinzi butanga umusaruro nkinka n amavuta yintoki (27%), gutema ibiti byamashyamba / amashyamba (26%), guhinga mugihe gito (24%), n'umuriro (23%). Ubwoko bwibimera mukarere bigira ingaruka kubushyuhe bwaho. Ihindura uko urumuri rw'izuba rugaruka mu kirere ( albedo ), n'ubushyuhe butakara bitewe no guhumeka . Kurugero, impinduka ziva mumashyamba yijimye zijya mubyatsi bituma ubuso bworoha, bigatuma bugaragaza urumuri rwizuba. Gutema amashyamba birashobora kandi kugira ingaruka kubushyuhe muguhindura irekurwa ryimiti igabanya ibicu, no guhindura imiterere yumuyaga. Mu turere dushyuha kandi dushushe ingaruka nziza ni ugutanga ubushyuhe bugaragara, mugihe ku burebure bwegereye inkingi inyungu ya albedo (nkuko ishyamba risimbuzwa igifuniko cya shelegi) biganisha ku gukonja. <ref name="Seymour 2019" /> Kwisi yose, izi ngaruka zagereranijwe ko zatumye hakonja gato, byiganjemo kwiyongera kwa albedo. === Ibikorwa by'izuba n'ibirunga === Nkuko izuba ariryo soko ryambere ryingufu zisi, impinduka zumucyo wizuba zigira ingaruka muburyo bwimiterere yikirere. Imirasire y'izuba yapimwe na satelite, kandi ibipimo bitaziguye birahari guhera mu ntangiriro ya 1600. <ref name="USGCRP_2017_ch2" /> Nta cyerekezo cyigeze kigaragara mu bwinshi bw'ingufu z'izuba zigera ku isi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Is the Sun causing global warming? |url=https://climate.nasa.gov/faq/14/is-the-sun-causing-global-warming |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190505160051/https://climate.nasa.gov/faq/14/is-the-sun-causing-global-warming/ |archive-date=5 May 2019 |access-date=10 May 2019 |website=Climate Change: Vital Signs of the Planet}}</ref> Ibirunga biturika biturika byerekana imbaraga nini nini mugihe cyinganda. Iyo kuruka gukomeye bihagije (hamwe na dioxyde de sulfure igera kuri stratosifera), urumuri rwizuba rushobora guhagarikwa igice mumyaka ibiri. Ikimenyetso cy'ubushyuhe kimara hafi kabiri. Mu gihe cy’inganda, ibikorwa by’ibirunga byagize ingaruka zitari nke ku bijyanye n’ubushyuhe bw’isi. Muri iki gihe imyuka y’ibirunga CO <nowiki><sub id="mwAgI">2</sub></nowiki> ihwanye na munsi ya 1% y’imyuka ya antropogene ya CO ₂ . [99] Imiterere yimiterere yimiterere yimiterere ntishobora kubyara ubushyuhe bwihuse bwagaragaye mumyaka mirongo ishize iyo urebye gusa itandukaniro ryumusaruro wizuba nibikorwa byibirunga. Ibindi bimenyetso byerekana imyuka ihumanya ikirere itera ubushyuhe bwisi biva mubipimo byerekana ubushyuhe bwikirere cyo hasi ( troposfer ), hamwe no gukonjesha ikirere cyo hejuru ( stratosifera ). Niba imirasire y'izuba ari yo nyirabayazana w'ubushyuhe bwagaragaye, troposse na stratosifike byombi byari gushyuha. === Ibitekerezo by’imihindagurikire y’ibihe === [[Dosiye:NORTH_POLE_Ice_(19626661335).jpg|thumb| Urubura rwo mu nyanja rugaragaza 50% kugeza 70% by'izuba ryinjira, mu gihe inyanja yijimye, igaragaza 6% gusa. Mugihe agace k'ibarafu yo mu nyanja gashonga kandi kakagaragaza inyanja nyinshi, ubushyuhe bwinshi bwinjizwa ninyanja, bikazamura ubushyuhe bushonga urubura rwinshi. Iyi nzira nigitekerezo cyiza. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Thermodynamics: Albedo |url=https://nsidc.org/cryosphere/seaice/processes/albedo.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011021602/https://nsidc.org/cryosphere/seaice/processes/albedo.html |archive-date=11 October 2017 |access-date=10 October 2017 |website=NSIDC}}</ref>]] Igisubizo cy’imihindagurikire y’ikirere ku gahato ka mbere cyahinduwe n’ibisubizo: byongerewe no "kwikomeza" cyangwa "ibyiza" kandi bigabanywa no "kuringaniza" cyangwa "bibi" . <ref>{{Cite web |year=2013 |title=The study of Earth as an integrated system |url=https://climate.nasa.gov/nasa_science/science/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190226190002/https://climate.nasa.gov/nasa_science/science/ |archive-date=26 February 2019 |series=Vitals Signs of the Planet |publisher=Earth Science Communications Team at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory / California Institute of Technology}}</ref> Ibyingenzi bishimangira ibitekerezo nibitekerezo byamazi-imyuka, ibitekerezo bya ice-albedo, hamwe ningaruka nziza yibicu. [104] Uburyo bwibanze bwo kuringaniza ni ubukonje bukabije, kuko ubuso bwisi butanga ubushyuhe bwinshi mukirere bitewe nubushyuhe bwiyongera. [106] kugabanuka k'ubushyuhe, hari n'ibisubizwa mu cyerekezo cya karubone, nk'ingaruka zifumbire ya CO ku mikurire y'ibihingwa. Kutamenya neza ibyasubiwemo nimpamvu nyamukuru ituma imiterere itandukanye yikirere igaragaza ubunini butandukanye bwubushyuhe kubwinshi bw’ibyuka bihumanya. Iyo umwuka ushyushye, irashobora gufata ubuhehere bwinshi . Umwuka wamazi, nka gaze ya parike ikomeye, ifata ubushyuhe mukirere. [104] Niba igicu cyiyongereye, urumuri rwizuba ruzagaruka mumwanya, bikonje isi. Niba ibicu bibaye byinshi kandi byoroheje, bikora nka insulator, byerekana ubushyuhe buva hepfo inyuma bukamanuka no gushyushya isi. [109] Ingaruka yibicu nisoko nini yo gutanga ibitekerezo bidashidikanywaho. Ikindi gitekerezo cyingenzi nukugabanya igifuniko cyurubura hamwe nubura bwinyanja muri Arctique, bigabanya kugaragariza isi. Ingufu nyinshi zizuba ubu zinjiye muri utwo turere, bigira uruhare mu kongera ubushyuhe bw’ubushyuhe bwa Arctique . Arctic amplification nayo irimo gushonga permafrost, irekura metani na CO mukirere. Imihindagurikire y’ibihe irashobora kandi gutuma metani irekurwa mu bishanga, sisitemu yo mu nyanja, hamwe n’amazi meza. [114] Muri rusange, ibisubizo by’ikirere biteganijwe ko bizagenda neza. Hafi ya kimwe cya kabiri cy’imyuka yatewe na CO yatewe n’ibimera byubutaka ninyanja. Ku butaka, kuzamura CO hamwe nigihe kinini cyo gukura byatumye imikurire ikura. Imihindagurikire y’ibihe yongera amapfa n’ubushyuhe bukabije bibuza imikurire y’ibihingwa, bigatuma bidashidikanywaho niba iyi karuboni izakomeza kwiyongera mu bihe biri imbere. Ubutaka burimo karubone nyinshi kandi burashobora kurekura bimwe iyo bishyushye . Nkuko CO nubushyuhe bwinshi byinjizwa ninyanja, irahindura aside, ihindagurika ryayo kandi phytoplankton ifata karubone nkeya, bikagabanya umuvuduko inyanja ikuramo karubone yo mu kirere. Muri [119], hejuru ya CO hejuru yisi Isi izakuramo igice gito cyibyuka byangiza. == Icyitegererezo == [[Dosiye:Projected_Change_in_Temperatures_by_2090.svg|thumb| Biteganijwe ko ubushyuhe bwubuso bwisi buhinduka ugereranije na 1850–1900, bushingiye kuri CMIP6 -moderi nyinshi bisobanura impinduka]] Icyitegererezo cy’ikirere kigaragaza imikorere y’umubiri, imiti, n’ibinyabuzima bigira ingaruka kuri gahunda y’ikirere. Moderi ikubiyemo kandi inzira karemano nkimpinduka zuzenguruka isi, impinduka zamateka mubikorwa byizuba, hamwe no guhatira ibirunga. Icyitegererezo gikoreshwa mukugereranya urugero rwubushyuhe bwoherezwa mu kirere hazaza bizatera igihe hasuzumwe imbaraga z’imihindagurikire y’ikirere, hagati yubutaka nikirere. Imyifatire ifatika yicyitegererezo igeragezwa mugusuzuma ubushobozi bwabo bwo kwigana ibihe byubu cyangwa ibyahise. Ingero zashize zasuzuguye igipimo cyo kugabanuka kwa Arctique kandi zidaha agaciro umuvuduko w’imvura. Ubwiyongere bw'inyanja kuva mu 1990 ntibwigeze busuzumwa mu buryo bwa kera, ariko imiterere ya vuba iremeranya neza n’ubushakashatsi. Isuzumabumenyi ry’ikirere ryasohowe na Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika muri 2017 rivuga ko "imiterere y’ikirere ishobora kuba idaha agaciro cyangwa ikabura uburyo bwo gutanga ibitekerezo". Igice kinini cyimiterere yikirere cyongera ibintu byabaturage muburyo bworoshye bwikirere. Izi ngero zigereranya uburyo abaturage, ubwiyongere bwubukungu, nogukoresha ingufu bigira ingaruka – no gukorana na – ikirere cy'umubiri. Hamwe naya makuru, izo moderi zirashobora gutanga ibintu byerekana ibyuka bihumanya ikirere. Ibi noneho bikoreshwa nkibintu byerekana imiterere yimiterere yikirere hamwe nicyitegererezo cya karubone kugirango hamenyekane uburyo ikirere cyo mu kirere cya gaze ya parike ishobora guhinduka mugihe kizaza. Ukurikije imibereho yubukungu nubukungu bworoheje, moderi zitanga ingufu za CO ₂ zo mu kirere zingana hagati ya 380 na 1400 ppm. Raporo ya gatandatu ya IPCC Raporo yerekana ko ubushyuhe bwisi bushobora kugera kuri 1.0&nbsp;° C kugeza 1.8&nbsp;° C mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 21 munsi y’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere . Hagati aho ubushyuhe bwisi bwagera kuri 2.1&nbsp;° C kugeza kuri 3.5&nbsp;° C, na 3.3&nbsp;° C kugeza 5.7&nbsp;° C munsi yikirere cyinshi cyane . Ibiteganijwe bishingiye ku cyitegererezo cy’ikirere hamwe no kureba. [135] Ingengo yimari ya karubone isigaye igenwa no kwerekana icyerekezo cya karubone hamwe n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere kuri gaze ya parike. Nk’uko IPCC ibivuga, ubushyuhe bw’isi burashobora kubikwa munsi ya 1.5&nbsp;° C hamwe na bibiri bya gatatu amahirwe niba imyuka ihumanya nyuma ya 2018 itarenze 420 cyangwa 570 gigatonnes ya CO . Ibi bihuye nimyaka 10 kugeza 13 yimyuka ihumanya ikirere. Hano hari byinshi bidashidikanywaho kubyerekeye ingengo yimari. Kurugero, irashobora kuba gigatonnes 100 ya CO ntoya kubera metani irekurwa na permafrost nigishanga . Icyakora, biragaragara ko ibikomoka kuri peteroli y’ibinyabuzima ari byinshi cyane ku buryo ibura ryashingirwaho mu kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere mu kinyejana cya 21. == Ingaruka == [[Dosiye:Soil_moisture_and_climate_change.svg|thumb| Raporo ya gatandatu ya IPCC Isuzuma Raporo ihinduka mubushuhe bwubutaka bwubutaka bushobora guhungabanya ubuhinzi nibidukikije. Kugabanuka k'ubushuhe bwubutaka kubwo gutandukana bisanzwe bivuze ko impuzandengo yubutaka bwubutaka buzahuza numwaka wa cyenda wumye hagati ya 1850 na 1900 aho hantu.]] === Ingaruka ku bidukikije === Ingaruka z’ibidukikije z’imihindagurikire y’ikirere ni nini kandi igera kure, bigira ingaruka ku nyanja, urubura, n’ikirere. Impinduka zirashobora kubaho buhoro buhoro cyangwa vuba. Ibimenyetso kuri izo ngaruka biva mu kwiga imihindagurikire y’ikirere mu bihe byashize, biturutse ku kwerekana imiterere, no mu bushakashatsi bugezweho. Kuva mu myaka ya za 1950, amapfa nubushyuhe byagaragaye icyarimwe hamwe no kongera inshuro. Ibihe bitose cyangwa byumye mugihe cyimvura cyiyongereye mubuhinde no muri [[Aziya]] yuburasirazuba. Igipimo cy’imvura n’ubukomezi bwa serwakira na serwakira birashoboka ko byiyongera, kandi imiterere y’akarere ishobora kwaguka poleward bitewe n’ubushyuhe bw’ikirere. <ref>{{Cite journal|pages=14–28}}</ref> Inshuro za serwakira zo mu turere dushyuha ntiziyongereye bitewe n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere. <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 July 2020 |title=Hurricanes and Climate Change |url=https://www.c2es.org/content/hurricanes-and-climate-change/ |website=[[Center for Climate and Energy Solutions]] |access-date=26 February 2023 |archive-date=2 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202042723/https://www.c2es.org/content/hurricanes-and-climate-change/ |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Dosiye:Sea_level_history_and_projections.svg|thumb| Amateka y’inyanja yongeye kwiyubaka hamwe n’ibiteganijwe kugera kuri 2100 byasohowe muri 2017 na Porogaramu ishinzwe ubushakashatsi ku mpinduka z’Amerika muri Amerika ]] Urwego rw'inyanja ku isi ruzamuka bitewe n'ingaruka zo gushonga kw'ibarafu, gushonga kw'ibarafu muri Greenland na Antaragitika, no kwaguka k'ubushyuhe. Hagati ya 1993 na 2020, izamuka ryiyongereye igihe, ugereranije 3.3&nbsp;±&nbsp;0.3&nbsp;mm ku mwaka. Mu kinyejana cya 21, imishinga ya IPCC ivuga ko mu kirere cyinshi cyane ikirere gishobora kuzamuka kuri 61-110&nbsp;cm. Ubwiyongere bw'ubushyuhe bwo mu nyanja burimo gutesha agaciro kandi bugatera ubwoba ko hazacukurwa ahantu h'ibarafu ya Antaragitika, hashobora kubaho gushonga cyane ku rubura rwa barafu kandi bikaba bishoboka ko inyanja ya metero 2 yazamuka ikagera kuri 2100 bitewe n’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere. [149] Imihindagurikire y’ibihe yatumye imyaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo igabanuka kandi igabanuka rya barafu yo mu nyanja ya Arctique . Mugihe icyi kitarimo urubura giteganijwe kuba gake kuri 1.5&nbsp;° C dogere yubushyuhe, biteganijwe kubaho rimwe mumyaka itatu cyangwa icumi kurwego rwo gushyuha rwa 2&nbsp;° C. Ubushyuhe bwo mu kirere CO bwateye impinduka muri chimie yo mu nyanja . Ubwiyongere bwa CO bwasheshwe butera inyanja aside . Byongeye kandi, umwuka wa ogisijeni uragabanuka kuko ogisijeni idashonga mu mazi ashyushye. Uturere twapfuye mu nyanja, uturere dufite ogisijeni nkeya, nazo ziraguka. === Gutanga amanota n'ingaruka z'igihe kirekire === Ubushyuhe bukabije bw’ubushyuhe bukabije ku isi byongera ibyago byo kunyura ' ahantu hahanamye ' - imbibi zirenze izo ngaruka zimwe na zimwe ntizishobora kwirindwa nubwo ubushyuhe bwagabanutse. <ref>{{Cite journal|pages=eabn7950}}</ref> Urugero ni ugusenyuka kw'ibarafu ya Antaragitika y'Iburengerazuba na Greenland, aho ubushyuhe buzamuka 1.5 kugeza 2&nbsp;° C irashobora kwiyemeza amabati gushonga, nubwo igihe cyo gushonga kitazwi kandi biterwa nubushyuhe buzaza. <ref name="NESSC2018">{{Cite web |date=12 November 2018 |title=Tipping points in Antarctic and Greenland ice sheets |url=https://www.nessc.nl/tipping-points-ice-sheets/ |access-date=25 February 2019 |website=NESSC |archive-date=26 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190226045737/https://www.nessc.nl/tipping-points-ice-sheets/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Impinduka nini nini zishobora kubaho mugihe gito, nko guhagarika imigezi imwe yinyanja nka Atlantike Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). Ingingo zitanga inama zirashobora kandi kubamo kwangirika bidasubirwaho kubidukikije nkibiti byamashyamba ya Amazone hamwe namabuye ya korali. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Pearce |first=Rosamund |last2=Prater |first2=Tom |date=10 February 2020 |title=Nine Tipping Points That Could Be Triggered by Climate Change |url=https://www.carbonbrief.org/explainer-nine-tipping-points-that-could-be-triggered-by-climate-change/ |access-date=27 May 2022 |publisher=CarbonBrief |archive-date=7 October 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241007002119/https://www.carbonbrief.org/explainer-nine-tipping-points-that-could-be-triggered-by-climate-change/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Ingaruka z'igihe kirekire z’imihindagurikire y’ikirere ku nyanja zirimo gushonga urubura, ubushyuhe bw’inyanja, izamuka ry’inyanja, hamwe na aside aside . Mu bihe by’ibinyejana kugeza mu binyejana byinshi, ubunini bw’imihindagurikire y’ikirere buzagenwa cyane cyane n’imyuka ihumanya ikirere CO . Ibi biterwa na CO 'ndende yubuzima bwikirere. Kwakira inyanja CO biratinda bihagije kuburyo aside yo mu nyanja izakomeza kumyaka ibihumbi kugeza ibihumbi. [163] Bivugwa ko ibyo byuka byongereye igihe cy’ibihe by’ibihe byibuze imyaka 100.000. Ubwiyongere bw'inyanja buzakomeza mu binyejana byinshi, bivugwa ko izamuka rya 2.3 metres per degree Celsius (4.2 ft / ° F) nyuma yimyaka 2000. === Kamere n'ibinyabuzima === Ubushyuhe bwa vuba bwateje amoko menshi yo ku isi n’amazi meza poleward no kugera ahirengeye . Urwego rwo hejuru rwo mu kirere CO hamwe nigihe kinini cyo gukura byatumye habaho icyatsi kibisi. Nyamara, ubushyuhe n’amapfa byagabanije umusaruro w’ibidukikije mu turere tumwe na tumwe. Impirimbanyi zizaza zizi ngaruka zinyuranye ntizisobanutse. [167] Imihindagurikire y’ibihe yagize uruhare mu kwagura ahantu humye h’ikirere, nko kwagura ubutayu muri subtropique . Ingano n'umuvuduko w'ubushyuhe bukabije ku isi birahindura impinduka zitunguranye muri urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima bishoboka. [169] Muri rusange, biteganijwe ko imihindagurikire y’ikirere izavamo amoko menshi. [170] Inyanja yashyushye gahoro gahoro kurusha ubutaka, ariko ibimera ninyamaswa zo mu nyanja bimukiye mu nkingi zikonje vuba kurusha amoko yo ku butaka. Kimwe no ku butaka, ubushyuhe bwo mu nyanja bubaho kenshi bitewe n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere, bikangiza ibinyabuzima byinshi nka korali, kelp, n’inyoni zo mu nyanja . Acide acide yo mu nyanja ituma bigora ibinyabuzima byo mu nyanja nka mussele, barnacle na korali kubyara ibishishwa na skeleti ; nubushyuhe bwahumuye amabuye ya korali . [173] Indabyo mbi ya algal yongerewe n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere hamwe na eutrophasi igabanya urugero rwa ogisijeni, bigahungabanya imiyoboro y’ibiribwa kandi bigatakaza ubuzima bw’inyanja. Ibinyabuzima byo ku nkombe birahangayitse cyane. Hafi ya kimwe cya kabiri cy’ibishanga ku isi byarazimye kubera imihindagurikire y’ikirere n’izindi ngaruka z’abantu. [175] {| class="center toccolours" |+'''Imihindagurikire y’ibihe igira ingaruka ku bidukikije''' |<gallery mode="packed" heights="120" style="line-height:120%"> Dosiye:Bleachedcoral.jpg|alt = Amafoto yo mumazi ya korali ishami ryera ryera | [[Ecological collapse|Isenyuka ry’ibidukikije]] . Guhumura [[Coral bleaching|kwa korali]] biturutse [[Marine heatwave|kumyuka yubushyuhe]] byangije [[Great Barrier Reef|inyanja nini]] kandi bibangamira [[Coral reef|amabuye ya korali]] kwisi yose. Dosiye:Orroral Valley Fire viewed from Tuggeranong January 2020.jpg|alt = Ifoto ya nimugoroba mugace ka kibaya. Igishushanyo cyumusozi uri hakurya cyaka gitukura kuva mumuriro. | [[Extreme weather|Ikirere gikabije]] . Uruzuba hamwe nubushuhe bukabije bwarushijeho gukomera muri [[2019–20 Australian bushfire season#Climate change|2020 muri Ositaraliya]] . Dosiye:National Park Service Thawing permafrost (27759123542).jpg|alt = Ahantu nyaburanga harahagarikwa ninkovu nini yuzuye ibyondo aho ubutaka bwagabanutse. | [[Climate change in the Arctic|Ubushyuhe bwa Arctique]] . [[Permafrost#Climate change effects|Permafrost yonona]] ibikorwa remezo no [[Arctic methane emissions|kurekura metani]], gaze ya parike. <ref name="Turetsky 2019" /> Dosiye:Endangered arctic - starving polar bear edit.jpg|alt = Ikidubu cyacitse intege gihagaze hejuru y ibisigazwa byurubura rushonga. | [[Habitat destruction|Kurimbuka]] . Inyamaswa nyinshi zo mu majyaruguru zishingiye ku rubura rwo mu nyanja, zagiye zicika muri Arctique ishyuha. Dosiye:Mountain Pine Beetle damage in the Fraser Experimental Forest 2007.jpg|alt = Ifoto yikibanza kinini cyamashyamba. Ibiti byatsi bivanze nibiti binini byangiritse cyangwa byapfuye bihinduka ibara ry'umuyugubwe-umutuku n'umutuku. | [[Climate change and invasive species|Gukwirakwiza udukoko]] . Ubukonje bworoheje butuma [[Mountain pine beetle|inyenzi]] nyinshi zinanasi zibaho kugirango zice amashyamba manini. </gallery> |} === Abantu === [[Dosiye:20211109_Frequency_of_extreme_weather_for_different_degrees_of_global_warming_-_bar_chart_IPCC_AR6_WG1_SPM.svg|thumb| Ikirere gikabije kizagenda kigaragara cyane uko isi ishyuha. ]] Ingaruka z’imihindagurikire y’ikirere zigira ingaruka ku bantu ahantu hose ku isi. Ingaruka zirashobora kugaragara ubu kumugabane wose no mukarere kinyanja, hamwe nuburinganire buke, uduce tudateye imbere duhura ningaruka zikomeye. Ubushuhe bukomeje kugira “ingaruka zikomeye, zikwirakwira kandi zidasubirwaho” ku bantu no ku bidukikije. Ingaruka ziratangwa ku buryo butangana, ariko muri rusange ni nyinshi kubantu batishoboye mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere kandi byateye imbere. ==== Ibiryo n'ubuzima ==== OMS yashyize ahagaragara imihindagurikire y’ikirere nk’ikibazo gikomeye ku buzima bw’isi yose mu kinyejana cya 21. Ikirere gikabije kiganisha ku gukomeretsa no gutakaza ubuzima, no kunanirwa kw'ibihingwa ku mirire mibi . Indwara zitandukanye zandura zandura mu buryo bworoshye mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe, nka feri ya dengue na malariya . [188] Abana bato ni bo bibasirwa cyane no kubura ibiryo. Abana ndetse n'abantu bakuru bakunze kwibasirwa n'ubushyuhe bukabije. [189] ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima (OMS) ryagereranije ko hagati ya 2030 na 2050, imihindagurikire y’ikirere yatera impfu zigera ku 250.000 ku mwaka. Basuzumye impfu ziterwa n'ubushyuhe ku bageze mu zabukuru, kwiyongera kw'impiswi, malariya, dengue, umwuzure wo ku nkombe, n'imirire mibi y'abana. Biteganijwe ko buri mwaka hapfa abantu barenga 500.000 bapfa bakuze bitewe no kugabanuka kw'ibiribwa ndetse n'ubuziranenge. Kugeza 2100, 50% kugeza 75% byabatuye isi barashobora guhura nikirere cyangiza ubuzima bitewe ningaruka ziterwa nubushyuhe bukabije nubushuhe. Imihindagurikire y’ibihe igira ingaruka ku kwihaza mu biribwa . Byatumye igabanuka ry'umusaruro w'ibigori, ingano, na soya hagati ya 1981 na 2010. Ubushyuhe buzaza bushobora kurushaho kugabanya umusaruro wisi ku bihingwa bikomeye. Umusaruro w’ibihingwa birashoboka ko uzagira ingaruka mbi mubihugu bidafite uburinganire buke, mugihe ingaruka zamajyaruguru zishobora kuba nziza cyangwa mbi. Abantu bagera kuri miliyoni 183 biyongera ku isi, cyane cyane abafite amikoro make, bafite inzara kubera izo ngaruka. Imihindagurikire y’ibihe nayo igira ingaruka ku baturage b’amafi. Kwisi yose, bike bizaboneka kuroba. [197] Uturere dushingiye ku mazi y’ibarafu, uturere tumaze gukama, n’ibirwa bito bifite ibyago byinshi byo guhangayikishwa n’amazi bitewe n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere. ==== Imibereho ==== Ibyangiritse mu bukungu bitewe n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere birashobora kuba bikomeye kandi hari amahirwe y’ingaruka mbi. Imihindagurikire y’ibihe ishobora kuba imaze kongera ubusumbane mu bukungu ku isi, kandi biteganijwe ko izakomeza. Ingaruka nyinshi ziteganijwe muri Afurika yo munsi y'Ubutayu bwa Sahara, aho abaturage benshi baho batunzwe n'umutungo kamere n'ubuhinzi ''',''' na Aziya y'Amajyepfo-Uburasirazuba. Banki y'isi ivuga ko imihindagurikire y’ikirere ishobora gutuma abantu barenga miliyoni 120 mu bukene mu 2030. [203] Ubusumbane buriho bushingiye ku butunzi n'imibereho myiza bwarushijeho kwiyongera kubera imihindagurikire y’ikirere. Ingorane zikomeye mu kugabanya, guhuza n'imihindagurikire y'ikirere, no guhangana n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere zihura n’abantu bahejejwe inyuma badafite ubushobozi buke ku mutungo. <ref name=":7">Grabe, Grose and Dutt, 2014; FAO, 2011; FAO, 2021a; Fisher and Carr, 2015; IPCC, 2014; Resurrección et al., 2019; UNDRR, 2019; Yeboah et al., 2019.</ref> Abasangwabutaka, batunzwe n'ubutaka bwabo ndetse n'ibidukikije, bazahura n'ingaruka z'imibereho yabo n'imibereho yabo kubera imihindagurikire y'ikirere. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Climate Change {{!}} United Nations For Indigenous Peoples |url=https://www.un.org/development/desa/indigenouspeoples/climate-change.html |access-date=29 April 2022 |website=United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs |archive-date=13 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171113073917/https://www.un.org/development/desa/indigenouspeoples/climate-change.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Impuguke zatanzwe zanzuye ko uruhare rw’imihindagurikire y’ikirere mu ntambara yitwaje intwaro rwabaye ruto ugereranije n’ibintu nk’ubusumbane mu mibereho n’ubukungu ndetse n’ubushobozi bwa Leta. [207] Ibirwa biri hasi hamwe n’abaturage bo ku nkombe babangamiwe n’izamuka ry’inyanja, bigatuma imyuzure ikunze kugaragara. Rimwe na rimwe, ubutaka bwatakaye burundu ku nyanja. [208] Ibi bishobora gutera ubwenegihugu kubantu bo mu bihugu birwa, nka [[Malidivezi|Malidiya]] na [[Tuvalu]] . Mu turere tumwe na tumwe, izamuka ry’ubushyuhe n’ubushuhe birashobora kuba bibi cyane ku buryo abantu batabimenyera. [210] Hamwe n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere ikabije, imishinga yerekana ko hafi kimwe cya gatatu cy’ikiremwamuntu ishobora gutura mu bihe bishyushye cyane kandi bidashobora guturwa, bisa n’ikirere kiriho ubu kiboneka muri Sahara. Izi ngingo zishobora gutwara kwimuka kw ibidukikije, haba mubihugu ndetse no mubihugu. Abantu benshi biteganijwe ko bazimurwa kubera izamuka ry’inyanja, ikirere gikabije n’amakimbirane biturutse ku guhatanira kongera umutungo kamere. Imihindagurikire y’ibihe irashobora kandi kongera intege nke, biganisha ku "baturage bafashwe" badashobora kwimuka kubera kubura amikoro. {| class="center toccolours" |+'''Imihindagurikire y’ibihe igira ingaruka ku bantu''' |<gallery mode="packed" heights="120" style="line-height:120%"> Dosiye:Village Telly in Mali.jpg|[[Environmental migrant|Kwimuka kw'ibidukikije]] . Imvura idasanzwe iganisha ku [[Desertification|butayu]] bwangiza ubuhinzi kandi bushobora kwimura abaturage. Yerekanwa: Telly, Mali (2008). Dosiye:Corn shows the effect of drought.jpg|[[Effects of climate change on agriculture|Impinduka mu buhinzi]] . Amapfa, ubushyuhe bwiyongera, nikirere gikabije bigira ingaruka mbi mubuhinzi. Yerekanwa: Texas, Amerika (2013). Dosiye:Acqua alta in Piazza San Marco-original.jpg|[[Tidal flooding|Umwuzure w'amazi]] . Ubwiyongere bw'inyanja bwongera umwuzure mu turere two ku nkombe z'inyanja. Yerekanwa: [[Venice#Flooding|Venise, Ubutaliyani]] (2004). Dosiye:US Navy 071120-M-8966H-005 An aerial view over southern Bangladesh reveals extensive flooding as a result of Cyclone Sidr.jpg|[[Tropical cyclones and climate change|Kwiyongera k'umuyaga]] . Bangaladeshi nyuma ya [[Cyclone Sidr|serwakira Sidr]] (2007) ni urugero rwumwuzure w’ibiza uturutse ku mvura yiyongereye. Dosiye:The heat is on ESA19461898.jpeg|Ubushyuhe bukabije. Ibintu nka [[June 2019 European heat wave|Kamena 2019 ubushyuhe bwi Burayi]] buragenda bwiyongera. </gallery> |} == Kugabanya no gufata ibyuka bihumanya == [[Dosiye:Greenhouse_gas_emission_scenarios_01.svg|left|thumb| Ibyuka bihumanya ikirere ku isi hose, bishingiye kuri politiki n'imihigo guhera ku ya 11/21]] Imihindagurikire y’ibihe irashobora kugabanywa mu kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere no kongera imyanda ikurura imyuka ihumanya ikirere. Kugirango ugabanye ubushyuhe bwisi kugeza munsi ya 1.5&nbsp;° C ibyuka bihumanya ikirere ku isi bigomba kuba net-zeru muri 2050, cyangwa muri 2070 hamwe na 2&nbsp;Intego ya C. Ibi bisaba impinduka zigera kure, zitunganijwe muburyo butigeze bubaho mu mbaraga, ubutaka, imigi, ubwikorezi, inyubako, n'inganda. Gahunda y’umuryango w’abibumbye ishinzwe ibidukikije ivuga ko ibihugu bigomba kwikuba gatatu ibyo byiyemeje mu masezerano y’i Paris mu myaka icumi iri imbere kugira ngo ubushyuhe bw’isi bugere kuri 2&nbsp;° C. Urwego runini rwo kugabanya rusabwa kugirango rwuzuze 1.5&nbsp;° C intego. Hamwe n'imihigo yatanzwe mu masezerano guhera mu Kwakira 2021, ubushyuhe bw’isi buracyafite amahirwe ya 66% yo kugera kuri 2.7&nbsp;° C (intera: 2.2–3.2&nbsp;° C) mu mpera z'ikinyejana. Kwisi yose, kugabanya ubushyuhe kuri 2&nbsp;° C irashobora kuvamo inyungu zirenze ibiciro. Nubwo nta nzira imwe yo kugabanya ubushyuhe bwisi kuri 1.5 cyangwa 2&nbsp; C. Kugabanya umuvuduko w’ibinyabuzima no kongera ubushobozi bwa gahunda ya karubone, impinduka nazo zaba nkenerwa mu buhinzi n’amashyamba, nko gukumira amashyamba no kugarura urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima hakoreshejwe amashyamba . Ubundi buryo bwo kugabanya imihindagurikire y’ikirere bufite ibyago byinshi. Scenarios igabanya ubushyuhe bwisi kuri 1.5&nbsp;° C mubisanzwe umushinga munini wo gukoresha uburyo bwo gukuraho karuboni ya dioxyde mu kinyejana cya 21. Hano hari impungenge, nubwo, gushingira cyane kuri tekinoroji, n'ingaruka ku bidukikije. Imicungire y'izuba (SRM) nayo ninyongera ishoboka yo kugabanya cyane imyuka ihumanya ikirere. Ariko, SRM yazamura ibibazo bikomeye byimyitwarire namategeko, kandi ingaruka ntizisobanutse neza. === Ingufu zisukuye === [[Dosiye:Global_Energy_Consumption.svg|thumb| Amakara, peteroli, na gaze gasanzwe bikomeza kuba isoko yambere yingufu zisi nubwo ibivugururwa byatangiye kwiyongera byihuse. ]] [[Dosiye:Lisberg_Burg_Windräder_Solar_power_PC313027.jpg|thumb| Umuyaga n'izuba, Ubudage]] Ingufu zisubirwamo ni urufunguzo rwo kugabanya imihindagurikire y’ikirere. Ibicanwa biva mu kirere byagize 80% by'ingufu z'isi muri 2018. Umugabane wasigaye wagabanijwe hagati y’ingufu za kirimbuzi n’ibishobora kongerwa (harimo amashanyarazi, bioenergy, umuyaga n’izuba n’ingufu za geothermal ). Urwo ruvange ruteganijwe guhinduka cyane mumyaka 30 iri imbere. Imirasire y'izuba hamwe n'umuyaga wo ku nkombe ubu biri muburyo buhendutse bwo kongerera ingufu amashanyarazi mashya ahantu henshi. Ibishobora kuvugururwa byagaragazaga 75% by'amashanyarazi mashya yose yashyizwe muri 2019, hafi izuba n'umuyaga. Ubundi buryo bwingufu zisukuye, nka kirimbuzi n’amashanyarazi, kuri ubu bifite uruhare runini mu gutanga ingufu. Ariko, iteganyagihe ryiterambere ryabo risa nkaho rigereranijwe. Kugera kuri 2050 kutabogama kwa karubone, ingufu zishobora kuba uburyo bwambere bwo kubyara amashanyarazi, bikazamuka kugera kuri 85% cyangwa birenga muri 2050 mubihe bimwe. Ishoramari mu makara ryavaho kandi ikoreshwa ry’amakara hafi ya 2050. Amashanyarazi aturuka ku masoko ashobora kuvugururwa nayo agomba kuba isoko nyamukuru yo gushyushya no gutwara. Ubwikorezi burashobora kuva mumodoka ya moteri yaka imbere no kugana ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi, inzira nyabagendwa, hamwe nubwikorezi bukora (gusiganwa ku magare no kugenda). <ref>{{Cite web |date=2016 |title=Transport emissions |url=https://ec.europa.eu/clima/eu-action/transport-emissions_en |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211010225533/https://ec.europa.eu/clima/eu-action/transport-emissions_en |archive-date=10 October 2021 |access-date=2 January 2022 |website=Climate action |publisher=[[European Commission]]}}</ref> Kubyohereza no kuguruka, lisansi nkeya yagabanya ibyuka bihumanya. <ref name=":6" /> Ubushyuhe bushobora kurushaho kuba decarbonone hamwe nikoranabuhanga nka pompe yubushyuhe . Hariho inzitizi zo gukomeza kwiyongera byihuse byingufu zisukuye, harimo nibishobora kuvugururwa. Ku muyaga n'izuba, hari ibidukikije n'imikoreshereze y'ubutaka ku mishinga mishya. Umuyaga nizuba nabyo bitanga ingufu mugihe kimwe nigihe gihindagurika . Ubusanzwe, ingomero za hydro zifite ibigega hamwe ninganda zisanzwe zikoreshwa mugihe umusaruro uhindagurika ari muke. Kujya imbere, ububiko bwa batiri burashobora kwagurwa, ingufu zikenewe hamwe nibitangwa birashobora guhuzwa, kandi kohereza intera ndende birashobora guhinduka neza kubishobora kuvugururwa. Bioenergy ntabwo iba idafite karubone kandi ishobora kugira ingaruka mbi kubiribwa. Ubwiyongere bw'ingufu za kirimbuzi bugarukwaho n'impaka zishingiye ku myanda ya kirimbuzi, ikwirakwizwa ry'intwaro za kirimbuzi, n'impanuka . <ref>{{Cite journal|pages=S38–49}}</ref> Iterambere ry’amashanyarazi rigarukira ku kuba ahantu heza hateguwe, kandi imishinga mishya ikaba ihanganye n’ibibazo by’imibereho n’ibidukikije. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Hydropower |url=https://www.iea.org/reports/hydropower |access-date=12 October 2020 |website=iea.org |publisher=[[International Energy Agency]] |quote=Hydropower generation is estimated to have increased by over 2% in 2019 owing to continued recovery from drought in Latin America as well as strong capacity expansion and good water availability in China (...) capacity expansion has been losing speed. This downward trend is expected to continue, due mainly to less large-project development in China and Brazil, where concerns over social and environmental impacts have restricted projects. |archive-date=13 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201013011718/https://www.iea.org/reports/hydropower |url-status=live }}</ref> Ingufu nke za karubone zitezimbere ubuzima bwabantu mukugabanya imihindagurikire y’ikirere. Ifite kandi inyungu mu gihe cya vuba cyo kugabanya impfu ziterwa n’ikirere, zagereranyaga miliyoni 7 buri mwaka mu 2016. Kuzuza intego zamasezerano ya Paris agabanya ubushyuhe kuri 2&nbsp;Ubwiyongere bwa C bushobora gukiza abagera kuri miliyoni muri ubwo buzima mu mwaka wa 2050, mu gihe ubushyuhe bw’isi bugera kuri 1.5&nbsp;° C irashobora kuzigama miriyoni kandi icyarimwe ikongerera umutekano ingufu no kugabanya ubukene. Kuzamura ikirere kandi bifite inyungu zubukungu zishobora kuba nini kuruta ibiciro bya mituweli. === Kubungabunga ingufu === Kugabanya ingufu zikenewe ni ikindi kintu gikomeye cyo kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere. Niba ingufu nke zikenewe, haribindi byoroshye guhinduka byiterambere ryingufu. Bituma kandi byoroha gucunga amashanyarazi, kandi bikagabanya iterambere ryibikorwa remezo byibanda cyane. Kwiyongera kwinshi mu ishoramari ry’ingufu bizasabwa kugera ku ntego z’ikirere, ugereranije n’urwego rw’ishoramari mu mbaraga zishobora kubaho. Impinduka nyinshi za COVID-19 zijyanye no gukoresha ingufu, ishoramari rikoresha ingufu, ninkunga byatumye iteganyagihe ryiyi myaka icumi rigoye kandi ridashidikanywaho. Ingamba zo kugabanya ingufu zikenerwa ziratandukanye. Mu bwikorezi, abagenzi n’imizigo barashobora guhinduka muburyo bwiza bwo gukora ingendo, nka bisi na gari ya moshi, cyangwa gukoresha ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi. Ingamba zinganda zo kugabanya ingufu zikenewe zirimo kunoza sisitemu yo gushyushya na moteri, gukora ibicuruzwa bitita cyane ku mbaraga, no kongera ubuzima bwibicuruzwa. Mu rwego rwubwubatsi hibandwa ku gishushanyo mbonera cy’inyubako nshya, n’urwego rwo hejuru rw’ingufu zikoreshwa muri retrofiting. Gukoresha tekinoroji nka pompe yubushyuhe birashobora kandi kongera ingufu zubaka. === Ubuhinzi n'inganda === [[Dosiye:Greenhouse_Gas_Emissions_by_Economic_Sector.svg|thumb| Urebye imyuka ihumanya itaziguye kandi itaziguye, inganda nizo nzego zifite uruhare runini rw’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere.]] Ubuhinzi n’amashyamba bihura n’ingorabahizi eshatu zo kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere, birinda ko amashyamba ahinduka mu butaka bw’ubuhinzi, ndetse no kwiyongera kw’ibiribwa ku isi. Ibikorwa byinshi bishobora kugabanya ubuhinzi n’amashyamba ashingiye ku mashyamba bibiri bya gatatu kuva ku rwego rwa 2010. Muri byo harimo kugabanya ubwiyongere bukenewe ku biribwa n’ibindi bicuruzwa by’ubuhinzi, kongera umusaruro w’ubutaka, kurinda no kugarura amashyamba, no kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere biva mu buhinzi. Kuruhande rwibisabwa, igice cyingenzi cyo kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere ni uguhindura abantu ibiryo bikomoka ku bimera . Kurandura umusaruro w’amatungo y’inyama n’amata byakuraho hafi 3/4 by’ibyuka bihumanya biva mu buhinzi n’ikoreshwa ry’ubutaka. Amatungo kandi afite 37% yubutaka butagira urubura kwisi kandi akoresha ibiryo biva kuri 12% yubutaka bukoreshwa mubihingwa, gutwara amashyamba no kwangirika kwubutaka. Umusaruro w'ibyuma na sima ushinzwe hafi 13% byangiza imyanda ya CO . Muri izo nganda, ibikoresho byibanda cyane kuri karubone nka kokiya na lime bigira uruhare runini mu musaruro, ku buryo kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere CO bisaba ubushakashatsi mu bundi buryo bwa shimi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Low and zero emissions in the steel and cement industries |url=https://www.oecd.org/greengrowth/GGSD2019_IssuePaper_CementSteel.pdf |pages=11, 19–22 |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2022-09-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220901044811/https://www.oecd.org/greengrowth/GGSD2019_IssuePaper_CementSteel.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> === Urutonde rwa karubone === [[Dosiye:Carbon_Dioxide_Partitioning.svg|thumb| Ibyuka byinshi byangiza imyuka CO byinjijwe no kurohama karubone, harimo gukura kw'ibimera, gufata ubutaka, no gufata inyanja (Ingengo y’imari ya 2020 ya Carbone ).]] Imyuka ya karubone isanzwe irashobora kongererwa imbaraga kugirango ikurikirane cyane CO irenze urwego rusanzwe rusanzwe. Gutema amashyamba no gutera ibiti ku butaka butari amashyamba biri mu buhanga bukuze bukurikirana, nubwo bwa nyuma butera impungenge ibiribwa. Abahinzi barashobora guteza imbere ikwirakwizwa rya karubone mu butaka binyuze mu bikorwa nko gukoresha ibihingwa bitwikiriye imbeho, kugabanya ubukana n’inshuro yo guhinga, no gukoresha ifumbire n’ifumbire nkivugurura ubutaka. Kugarura / kwidagadura ibishanga byo ku nkombe n’ibyatsi byo mu nyanja byongera gufata karubone mu bintu kama ( karubone yubururu ). Iyo karubone ifashwe mubutaka no mubintu kama nkibiti, harikibazo cyuko karubone yongeye kurekurwa mukirere nyuma binyuze mumihindagurikire yimikoreshereze yubutaka, umuriro, cyangwa izindi mpinduka mubidukikije. Iyo ingufu zitanga ingufu cyangwa CO - inganda zikomeye zikomeje gutanga imyanda CO , gaze irashobora gufatwa ikabikwa aho kurekurwa mukirere. Nubwo ikoreshwa ryayo rigarukira mubipimo kandi bihenze, gufata no kubika karubone (CCS) birashobora kugira uruhare runini mukugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere cya CO mu kinyejana rwagati. [270] Ubu buhanga, bufatanije na bioenergy ( BECCS ) bushobora kuvamo imyuka mibi: CO ikurwa mu kirere. Kugeza ubu ntiharamenyekana neza niba tekinike yo gukuramo karubone izashobora kugira uruhare runini mu kugabanya ubushyuhe kuri 1.5&nbsp;° C. Ibyemezo bya politiki bishingiye ku gukuraho karuboni ya dioxyde byongera ibyago byo gushyuha kwisi kuzamuka kurenza intego mpuzamahanga. == Kurwanya == [[Dosiye:FrontLines-EGAT_2011_Environment_Photo_Contest_Top_Entry_(5842818280).jpg|thumb| Gutera Mangrove hamwe no kubungabunga ibidukikije birashobora kugabanya imyuzure yo ku nkombe .]] [[Dosiye:Seawallventnor.jpg|thumb| Inyanja yo kurinda umuyaga ukabije watewe no kuzamuka kwinyanja]] [[Dosiye:20080708_Chicago_City_Hall_Green_Roof_Edit1.jpg|thumb| Igisenge kibisi kugirango gitange ubukonje mumijyi]] Kurwanya imihindagurikire y'ikirere ni "inzira yo guhindura imihindagurikire y'ikirere cyangwa iteganijwe mu kirere n'ingaruka zayo". <ref name=":32">IPCC, 2022: [https://web.archive.org/web/20230122220619/https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg2/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGII_SummaryForPolicymakers.pdf Summary for Policymakers] [H.-O. Pörtner, D.C. Roberts, E.S. Poloczanska, K. Mintenbeck, M. Tignor, A. Alegría, M. Craig, S. Langsdorf, S. Löschke, V. Möller, A. Okem (eds.)]. In: [https://web.archive.org/web/20220318140208/https://www.ipcc.ch/report/sixth-assessment-report-working-group-ii/ Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change] [H.-O. Pörtner, D.C. Roberts, M. Tignor, E.S. Poloczanska, K. Mintenbeck, A. Alegría, M. Craig, S. Langsdorf, S. Löschke, V. Möller, A. Okem, B. Rama (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK and New York, NY, USA, pp. 3–33, doi:10.1017/9781009325844.001.</ref> : 5 Hatabayeho kugabanuka kworoheje, kurwanya imihindagurikire y'ikirere ntibishobora gukumira ingaruka z’ingaruka zikomeye, zikwirakwira kandi zidasubirwaho. [274] Imihindagurikire y’ikirere ikabije isaba guhuza n'imihindagurikire y'ikirere, bishobora kuba bihenze cyane. [275] Ubushobozi nubushobozi abantu bashobora kumenyera bikwirakwizwa mu turere dutandukanye ndetse n’abaturage, kandi ibihugu biri mu nzira y'amajyambere muri rusange bifite bike. Imyaka 20 yambere yikinyejana cya 21 hagaragaye kwiyongera mubushobozi bwo kurwanya imihindagurikire y’imihindagurikire y’ibihugu byinshi bikennye kandi biciriritse hamwe n’iterambere ry’isuku n’amashanyarazi, ariko iterambere riratinda. Ibihugu byinshi byashyize mu bikorwa politiki yo kurwanya imihindagurikire y'ikirere. Ariko, hariho itandukaniro rinini hagati yimari ikenewe kandi iboneka. [277] Kumenyera kuzamuka kwinyanja bigizwe no kwirinda ahantu hashobora kwibasirwa n’akaga, kwiga kubana n’umwuzure wiyongereye no kurindwa. Niba ibyo binaniwe, umwiherero ucungwa urashobora gukenerwa. Hano hari inzitizi zubukungu mugukemura ingaruka zubushyuhe. Kwirinda akazi gakomeye cyangwa kugira ubukonje ntibishoboka kuri bose. [279] Mu buhinzi, uburyo bwo kurwanya imihindagurikire y’ikirere burimo guhinduranya indyo irambye, gutandukana, kurwanya isuri no kunoza imiterere y’imiterere hagamijwe kwihanganira imihindagurikire y’ikirere. [280] Ubwishingizi butanga kugabana ibyago, ariko akenshi biragoye kubona kubantu binjiza amafaranga make. <ref>{{Cite journal|pages=333–334}}</ref> Uburezi, abimukira hamwe na sisitemu yo kuburira hakiri kare birashobora kugabanya ingaruka z’ikirere. [282] Gutera mangrove cyangwa gutera inkunga ibindi bimera byo ku nkombe birashobora guhagarika umuyaga. <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=Mangroves against the storm |url=https://social.shorthand.com/IUCN_forests/nCec1jyqvn/mangroves-against-the-storm.html |access-date=2023-01-20 |website=Shorthand |language=en |archive-date=2023-01-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230120195218/https://social.shorthand.com/IUCN_forests/nCec1jyqvn/mangroves-against-the-storm.html |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=How marsh grass could help protect us from climate change |url=https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2021/10/how-marsh-grass-protects-shorelines/ |access-date=2023-01-20 |website=World Economic Forum |language=en |archive-date=2023-01-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230120195234/https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2021/10/how-marsh-grass-protects-shorelines/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima ruhuza n'imihindagurikire y'ikirere, inzira ishobora gushyigikirwa n'abantu. Mugukomeza guhuza urusobe rwibinyabuzima, amoko arashobora kwimuka mubihe byiza byikirere. Ubwoko burashobora kandi kwerekanwa mubice bifite ikirere cyiza . Kurinda no gusana ahantu nyaburanga nigice cya kamere bifasha kubaka imbaraga, byorohereza urusobe rwibinyabuzima guhinduka. Byinshi mubikorwa biteza imbere imihindagurikire y’ibinyabuzima, bifasha kandi abantu kumenyera binyuze mu kurwanya ibidukikije . Kurugero, kugarura gahunda yumuriro karemano bituma umuriro wibiza udashoboka, kandi bikagabanya guhura kwabantu. Guha inzuzi umwanya munini bituma habaho kubika amazi muri sisitemu karemano, kugabanya ibyago byumwuzure. Amashyamba yagaruwe akora nk'icyuzi cya karubone, ariko gutera ibiti mu turere tudakwiye birashobora kongera ingaruka z’ikirere. Hariho imikoranire hamwe nubucuruzi hagati yo kurwanya no kugabanya ibicuruzwa. Kurwanya imihindagurikire y'ikirere akenshi bitanga inyungu z'igihe gito, mu gihe kugabanuka bifite inyungu z'igihe kirekire. <ref>{{Cite journal|pages=381–393}}</ref> Kongera imikoreshereze yumuyaga bituma abantu barushaho guhangana nubushyuhe, ariko byongera ingufu zikenewe. [[IMITURIRE|Iterambere ryimijyi]] irashobora gutuma imyuka igabanuka mu bwikorezi no kubaka. Muri icyo gihe, irashobora kongera ingaruka zo mu birwa byo mu mujyi, biganisha ku bushyuhe bwo hejuru no kwiyongera. Kongera umusaruro w'ibiribwa bifite inyungu nini haba mu kurwanya no kugabanya. == Ingamba na politiki == Ibihugu byibasirwa cyane n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere ubusanzwe byashinzwe uruhare ruto rw’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere. Ibi bitera kwibaza kubyerekeye ubutabera nubutabera. Imihindagurikire y’ibihe ifitanye isano n’iterambere rirambye. Kugabanya ubushyuhe bw’isi byoroha kugera ku ntego z’iterambere rirambye, nko kurandura ubukene no kugabanya ubusumbane. Ihuriro ryemewe mu ntego zirambye z’iterambere 13 ari "gufata ingamba zihutirwa zo kurwanya imihindagurikire y’ikirere n'ingaruka zayo". Intego ku biribwa, amazi meza no kurengera ibidukikije bifite aho bihurira no guhangana n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere. [291] Geopolitike y’imihindagurikire y’ikirere iragoye. Byakunze gushyirwaho nkikibazo cyo gutwara abantu ku buntu, aho ibihugu byose byungukira mu kugabanya ibicuruzwa byakozwe n’ibindi bihugu, ariko ibihugu bitandukanye byatakaza kuva mu bukungu buke bwa karubone ubwabyo. Uku gushiraho kwamaganwe. Kurugero, inyungu zamakara ziva mubuzima rusange nibidukikije byaho birenze ibiciro hafi yakarere kose. Byongeye kandi, abatumiza mu mahanga ibicuruzwa biva mu kirere batsindira mu bukungu kuva mu guhindura ingufu zisukuye, bigatuma abatumiza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga bahura n’umutungo wangiritse : ibicanwa bidashobora kugurisha. === Amahitamo ya politiki === Politiki, amabwiriza, n'amategeko menshi birakoreshwa mukugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere. Kugeza muri 2019, ibiciro bya karubone bikubiyemo hafi 20% byuka bihumanya ikirere ku isi. Carbone irashobora kugurwa imisoro ya karubone hamwe na sisitemu yubucuruzi bwangiza . Inkunga ya peteroli y’ibinyabuzima ku isi yageze kuri miliyari 319 z'amadolari muri 2017, na tiriyari 5.2 z'amadolari igihe ibiciro nko guhumanya ikirere biguzwe. Kurangiza ibyo birashobora gutuma igabanuka rya 28% byangiza imyuka y’ikirere no kugabanuka kwa 46% by’impfu z’ikirere. Amafaranga yazigamiwe ku nkunga y’ibinyabuzima ashobora gukoreshwa mu gushyigikira inzibacyuho y’ingufu zisukuye aho. Ubundi buryo butaziguye bwo kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere harimo ibipimo ngenderwaho by’imodoka, ibipimo bya lisansi ishobora kongerwa, n’amabwiriza yangiza ikirere ku nganda zikomeye. Ibihugu byinshi bisaba ibikorwa byingirakamaro kugirango byongere umugabane wibishobora kuvugururwa mumashanyarazi . Politiki yateguwe binyuze mu butabera bw’ikirere igerageza gukemura ibibazo by’uburenganzira bwa muntu n’ubusumbane mu mibereho. Kurugero, ibihugu bikize bifite uruhare runini rwibyuka bihumanya ikirere byishyura ibihugu bikennye kugirango bihuze. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Gabbatiss |first=Josh |last2=Tandon |first2=Ayesha |date=4 October 2021 |title=In-depth Q&A: What is 'climate justice'? |url=https://www.carbonbrief.org/in-depth-qa-what-is-climate-justice |access-date=16 October 2021 |website=Carbon Brief |language=en |archive-date=15 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211015213312/https://www.carbonbrief.org/in-depth-qa-what-is-climate-justice |url-status=live }}</ref> Mugihe ikoreshwa ryibicanwa bigabanuka, imirimo mumirenge iratakara. Kugirango bagere ku nzibacyuho iboneye, aba bantu bakeneye imyitozo kugirango bakore indi mirimo. Imiryango ifite abakozi ba peteroli benshi bakeneye ishoramari ryiyongera. === Amasezerano mpuzamahanga y’ikirere === [[Dosiye:Total_CO2_by_Region.svg|thumb| Kuva mu 2000, izamuka rya CO mu Bushinwa ndetse no ku isi yose ryarenze umusaruro w’Amerika n'Uburayi. ]] [[Dosiye:Per_Capita_CO2_by_Region.svg|thumb| Ku muntu, Reta zunzubumwe zamerika zitanga CO ku kigero cyihuta cyane kuruta utundi turere twibanze. ]] Ibihugu hafi ya byose ku isi bifite uruhare mu masezerano y’umuryango w’abibumbye y’imihindagurikire y’ikirere mu 1994 (UNFCCC). Intego ya UNFCCC ni ugukumira abantu babangamira gahunda z’ikirere . Nkuko byavuzwe muri iryo koraniro, ibi bisaba ko ingufu za gaze ya parike zihagarara mu kirere ku buryo urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima rushobora guhuza n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere, umusaruro w’ibiribwa ntubangamiwe, kandi iterambere ry’ubukungu rishobora gukomeza. UNFCCC ubwayo ntabwo igabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere ahubwo itanga urwego rwa protocole ikora. Ibyuka bihumanya ikirere byiyongereye kuva UNFCCC yashyirwaho umukono. Inama zayo ngarukamwaka nicyiciro cyibiganiro byisi. Amasezerano ya Kyoto yo mu 1997 yongereye UNFCCC kandi akubiyemo amasezerano yiyemeje kubahiriza ibihugu byinshi byateye imbere kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere. Muri iyo mishyikirano, G77 (ihagarariye ibihugu bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere ) yasabye manda isaba ibihugu byateye imbere "gufata iyambere" mu kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere, kubera ko ibihugu byateye imbere byagize uruhare runini mu kwegeranya imyuka ihumanya ikirere mu kirere. Umwuka w’umuturage nawo wari ukiri muto mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere kandi ibihugu biri mu nzira y'amajyambere byakenera kohereza byinshi kugira ngo bikemure iterambere ryabyo. Amasezerano ya Copenhagen yo mu 2009 yagaragaye cyane ko atengushye kubera intego zayo nkeya, kandi yangwa n’ibihugu bikennye harimo na G77. Amashyirahamwe yunze ubumwe yari agamije kugabanya ubushyuhe bwisi ku isi munsi ya 2&nbsp;° C. Amasezerano yashyizeho intego yo kohereza miliyari 100 z'amadolari ku mwaka mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere mu rwego rwo kugabanya no kurwanya imihindagurikire y'ikirere bitarenze 2020, anasaba ko hashyirwaho ikigega cy’ibidukikije . As of 2020 , ikigega cyananiwe kugera ku ntego cyari giteganijwe, kandi gishobora kugabanuka mu nkunga yacyo. <ref>{{Cite journal|pages=95–108}}</ref> Muri 2015 ibihugu byose by’umuryango w’abibumbye byaganiriye n’amasezerano y'i Paris, agamije gukomeza ubushyuhe bw’isi munsi ya 2.0&nbsp;° C kandi ikubiyemo intego yo gukomeza gushyuha munsi ya 1.5 ° C. [316] Amasezerano yasimbuye Protokole ya Kyoto. Bitandukanye na Kyoto, nta ntego zoguhumanya ikirere zashyizweho mu masezerano y'i Paris. Ahubwo, urutonde rwibikorwa byakozwe bihuza. Ibihugu bigomba guhora byishyiriraho intego zikomeye kandi bigasubiramo intego buri myaka itanu. Amasezerano y'i Paris yasubiyemo ko ibihugu biri mu nzira y'amajyambere bigomba gushyigikirwa n'amafaranga. As of October 2021 , Ibihugu 194 n’umuryango [[Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’Ibihugu by’i Burayi|w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi]] byashyize umukono kuri ayo masezerano naho ibihugu 191 kandi Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi byemeje cyangwa byemera ayo masezerano. Amasezerano mpuzamahanga ya Montreal yo mu 1987, amasezerano mpuzamahanga yo guhagarika kohereza imyuka yangiza ozone, ashobora kuba yarabaye ingirakamaro mu gukumira ibyuka bihumanya ikirere kuruta amasezerano ya Kyoto yagenewe kubikora. Ivugurura rya Kigali ryo mu mwaka wa 2016 ry’amasezerano ya Montreal rigamije kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere cya hydrofluorocarbone, itsinda ry’imyuka ihumanya ikirere yabaye umusimbura wa gaze ya ozone yabujijwe. Ibi byatumye Protokole ya Montreal amasezerano akomeye yo kurwanya imihindagurikire y’ikirere. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Yeo |first=Sophie |date=10 October 2016 |title=Explainer: Why a UN climate deal on HFCs matters |url=https://www.carbonbrief.org/explainer-why-a-un-climate-deal-on-hfcs-matters |access-date=10 January 2021 |website=Carbon Brief |archive-date=22 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220722162400/https://www.carbonbrief.org/explainer-why-a-un-climate-deal-on-hfcs-matters/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Muri 2019, inteko ishinga amategeko y’Ubwongereza ibaye guverinoma ya mbere y’igihugu yatangaje ko ibihe byihutirwa. Ibindi bihugu nubutabera byakurikiranye. Muri uwo mwaka, Inteko ishinga amategeko y’Uburayi yatangaje "ikirere cyihutirwa n’ibidukikije". Komisiyo y’Uburayi yerekanye amasezerano y’ibihugu by’i Burayi hagamijwe guhindura Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi mu 2050. Ibihugu bikomeye muri Aziya byiyemeje imihigo nk'iyi: Koreya y'Epfo n'Ubuyapani byiyemeje kutagira aho bibogamiye muri 2050, n'Ubushinwa mu 2060. Mu 2021, Komisiyo y’Uburayi yashyize ahagaragara gahunda y’amategeko “ Fit for 55 ”, ikubiyemo amabwiriza agenga inganda z’imodoka ; imodoka zose nshya ku isoko ry’iburayi zigomba kuba imodoka zeru ziva mu 2035. Mu gihe [[Ubuhinde]] bufite imbaraga zo kongera ingufu, burateganya kandi kwagura amakara muri iki gihugu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 September 2021 |title=India |url=https://climateactiontracker.org/countries/india/ |access-date=3 October 2021 |website=Climate Action Tracker |archive-date=4 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211004183827/https://climateactiontracker.org/countries/india/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Kugeza mu 2021, hashingiwe ku makuru aturuka muri gahunda 48 z’ikirere z’igihugu, zihagarariye 40% by’amasezerano y’i Paris, byagereranijwe ko ibyuka bihumanya ikirere bizaba biri munsi ya 0.5% ugereranije n’urwego rwa 2010, munsi y’intego zo kugabanya 45% cyangwa 25% kugeza gabanya ubushyuhe bwisi kuri 1.5&nbsp;° C cyangwa 2&nbsp;° C. == Sosiyete == === Guhakana no gutanga amakuru atariyo === [[Dosiye:20200327_Climate_change_deniers_cherry_picking_time_periods.gif|right|thumb|Ibyatoranijwe byatoranijwe kuva mugihe gito kugirango bibeshye ko ubushyuhe bwisi butiyongera. Ibara ry'ubururu ryerekana ibihe bigufi byerekana ubushyuhe bwigihe kirekire (red redlines). Utudomo twubururu twerekana icyo bita ubushyuhe bwisi . [330]]] Impaka rusange zerekeye imihindagurikire y’ikirere zagize ingaruka zikomeye ku guhakana imihindagurikire y’ikirere no gutanga amakuru atari yo, byaturutse muri Amerika kandi kuva ubwo bikwira mu bindi bihugu, cyane cyane [[Kanada]] na Ositaraliya. Abagize uruhare mu guhakana imihindagurikire y’ikirere bagize ihuriro ryatewe inkunga kandi ihuriweho n’amasosiyete y’ibikomoka kuri peteroli, amatsinda y’inganda, ibitekerezo by’ibitekerezo byita ku bidukikije, hamwe n’abahanga mu bya siyansi. Kimwe n'inganda z'itabi, ingamba nyamukuru z'aya matsinda kwari ugushidikanya ku makuru ya siyansi n'ibisubizo. Benshi bahakana, bakirukana, cyangwa bashidikanya ku buryo budashidikanywaho ku bwumvikane bwa siyansi ku bijyanye n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere bwiswe "abakekeranya n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere", abahanga benshi bavuga ko ari amakosa . Hariho uburyo butandukanye bwo guhakana ikirere: bamwe bahakana ko ubushyuhe bubaho na gato, bamwe bakemera ubushyuhe ariko bakavuga ko ari ingaruka kamere, ndetse bamwe bagabanya ingaruka mbi z’imihindagurikire y’ikirere. Gukora ibintu bidashidikanywaho kuri siyanse nyuma byaje kuba impaka zakozwe : bitera kwizera ko hari ugushidikanya gukomeye ku bijyanye n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere mu bumenyi bwa siyansi hagamijwe gutinza impinduka za politiki. Ingamba zo guteza imbere ibyo bitekerezo zirimo kunenga ibigo bya siyansi, no kwibaza impamvu abahanga ku giti cyabo. <ref name="Björnberg 2017" /> Urugereko rwerekana imbuga nkoranyambaga n’itangazamakuru byateje ikibazo cyo kutumva neza imihindagurikire y’ikirere. === Kumenyekanisha rubanda n'ibitekerezo === [[Dosiye:20220629_Public_estimates_of_scientific_consensus_on_climate_change_-_horizontal_bar_chart.svg|thumb| Abaturage basuzugura cyane urugero rw'ubwumvikane bwa siyansi bwerekana ko abantu batera imihindagurikire y’ikirere. <ref name="KingsCollegeReport_20220629">{{Cite web |date=June 2022 |title=Public perceptions on climate change |url=https://peritia-trust.eu/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/4-Climate-change_EU.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220715062933/https://peritia-trust.eu/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/4-Climate-change_EU.pdf |archive-date=15 July 2022 |website=PERITIA Trust EU - The Policy Institute of Kings College London |page=4}}</ref> Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe kuva 2019 kugeza 2021 <ref name="Powell_2019">{{Cite journal|pages=183–184}}</ref> bwerekanye ko ubumenyi bwa siyanse buri hagati ya 98.7 na 100%.]] Imihindagurikire y’ibihe yaje kumenyeshwa n’amahanga mu mpera za 1980. Bitewe n’itangazamakuru mu ntangiriro ya za 90, abantu bakunze kwitiranya imihindagurikire y’ikirere n’ibindi bibazo by’ibidukikije nko kubura ozone. Mu muco uzwi cyane, filime y’impimbano y’ikirere ''Umunsi ukurikira ejo'' (2004) hamwe na documentaire ya Al Gore ''Ukuri kutorohewe'' (2006) yibanze ku mihindagurikire y’ikirere. <ref name=":3" /> [[Intara]] zikomeye z’akarere, uburinganire, imyaka n’itandukaniro rya politiki zirahari haba mu kwita ku baturage no gusobanukirwa n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere. Abantu benshi bize cyane, ndetse no mu bihugu bimwe na bimwe, [[Umugore|abagore]] n’urubyiruko, wasangaga babona ko imihindagurikire y’ikirere ari ikibazo gikomeye. Ikinyuranyo cy’amashyaka kibaho no mu bihugu byinshi, kandi ibihugu bifite imyuka ihumanya ikirere ya CO usanga bititaweho cyane. Ibitekerezo ku mpamvu z’imihindagurikire y’ikirere biratandukanye cyane hagati y’ibihugu. Impungenge ziyongereye igihe, <ref name="auto1" /> kugeza aho mu 2021 abaturage benshi mu bihugu byinshi bagaragaza impungenge nyinshi z’imihindagurikire y’ikirere, cyangwa bakabona ko ari ibintu byihutirwa ku isi. Inzego zo hejuru zo guhangayikishwa no gushyigikira abaturage muri politiki zita ku mihindagurikire y’ikirere. ==== Imihindagurikire y’ibihe ==== Imyigaragambyo y’ibihe isaba abayobozi ba politiki gufata ingamba zo gukumira imihindagurikire y’ikirere. Bashobora gufata uburyo bwo kwerekana imyigaragambyo rusange, kugabanya ibicanwa bya fosile, kuburana nibindi bikorwa. Imyiyerekano ikomeye irimo imyigaragambyo yishuri ryikirere . Muri iki gikorwa, urubyiruko rwo ku isi rwigaragambyaga kuva mu 2018 rusiba ishuri ku wa gatanu, ruyobowe n’umwangavu wo muri Suwede Greta Thunberg . Ibikorwa rusange byo kutumvira kwabaturage byakozwe nitsinda nka Extinction Rebellion bigaragambije bahagarika imihanda no gutwara abantu. Imanza zikoreshwa cyane nk'igikoresho cyo gushimangira ibikorwa by'ikirere bituruka mu bigo bya Leta n'ibigo. Abaharanira inyungu kandi batangiza imanza zireba guverinoma kandi bagasaba ko bafata ingamba zikomeye cyangwa kubahiriza amategeko ariho yerekeye imihindagurikire y’ikirere. Imanza ziregwamo amasosiyete y’ibikomoka kuri peteroli muri rusange arasaba indishyi z’igihombo n’ibyangiritse == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Pages with unreviewed translations]] hiqq689j9ajh0lvq659yuhds271u6ba 0 14451 133983 91828 2026-07-22T08:26:44Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 133983 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kwikiriza William uzwi''' nka '''Kadu''' ni umunyamakuru w’imikino wabigize umwuga  yakoreye ibitangazamakuru bitandukanye birimo Flash FM Rwanda  ari naho yatangirye umwuga w’itangazamakuru mu mikino na siporo, ariho akora ubu.<ref name=":0">https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/81611/umunyamakuru-w-imikino-kuri-flash-fm-william-kadu-yamaze-kwi-81611.html</ref><ref name=":1">https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/79631/william-kadu-umunyamakuru-w-imikino-kuri-flash-fm-agiye-kuru-79631.html</ref><ref name=":2">https://igihe.com/imikino/football/article/inkundura-hagati-y-abanyamakuru-b-imikino-ku-maradiyo?url_reload=1</ref><ref name=":3">https://umuryango.rw/ad-restricted/article/abanyamakuru-ba-sports-mu-rwanda-byabanze-mu-nda-bagaragaza-amarangamutima-y</ref><ref name=":4">https://www.rwandamag.com/urutonde-rurerure-rwabanyamakuru-bimikino-mu-rwanda-namakipe-bafana/</ref><ref name=":5">https://amarebe.com/abanyamakuru-bakomeye-ba-siporo-bo-mu-rwanda-beruye-bagaragaza-amakipe-bafana/</ref><ref name=":6">{{Cite web |url=https://yegob.rw/ngaba-abanyamakuru-bimikino-mu-rwanda-namakipe-bihebeye-mu-bwongereza/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-01 |archive-date=2023-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301010950/https://yegob.rw/ngaba-abanyamakuru-bimikino-mu-rwanda-namakipe-bihebeye-mu-bwongereza/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Ubukwe === Kadu William akaba aherutse gusezerana n’[[umugore]] we witwa  MWIZA Brenda umuhango wo gusezerana imbere y’Imana ubera rusengero rwa EEAR rw’i Remera, batumirwa bakirirwa muri Salle ya Pinacle Gardens I Kimironko, Umuhango wo gusaba wabereye I Masaka.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" /><ref name=":5" /><ref name=":6" /> === Siporo === Kadu William avuga amakuru y’imikino na siporo, yogeza imipira kandi ni umusesenguzi ku mikino itandukanye yo mu [[Rwanda]] ndetse niyo kumugabane w’I [[burayi]]. Kadu William ni umufana wa Manchester United yo mu [[Ubwongereza|bwongereza]].<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":6" /> === Amashakiro === [[Ikiciro:Siporo]] [[Ikiciro:Abanyamakuru]] nxijdeuvp46t539b0ailts65sxno3uo 0 14453 134012 133315 2026-07-22T14:27:07Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 134012 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ukurikiyimfura Eric Tony''' ni umunyamakuru wa [[siporo]] wa bigize umwuga. Ukurikiyimfura Eric Tony yakoze kubitangazamakuru byandika nk’[[Igiherero|IGIHE]], akomereza ku kinyamakuru cyandika yashinze kandi akanakiyobora Rwanda magazine, akoraho ubu., aha hose yandikaga akanavuga imikino n’inkuru za siporo. Ukurikiyimfura Eric Tony abarizwa mu ishyirahamwe ry'abanyamakuru ba siporo AJSPOR, Ukurikiyimfura Eric Tony ni umufana w’ikipe ya Manchester United yo mu gihugu cyu [[Ubwongereza|bwongereza]]. <ref>https://www.rwandamag.com/urutonde-rurerure-rwabanyamakuru-bimikino-mu-rwanda-namakipe-bafana/</ref><ref>https://igihe.com/auteur/eric-tony-ukurikiyimfura</ref><ref>https://amarebe.com/abanyamakuru-bakomeye-ba-siporo-bo-mu-rwanda-beruye-bagaragaza-amakipe-bafana/</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://yegob.rw/ngaba-abanyamakuru-bimikino-mu-rwanda-namakipe-bihebeye-mu-bwongereza/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-01 |archive-date=2023-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301010950/https://yegob.rw/ngaba-abanyamakuru-bimikino-mu-rwanda-namakipe-bihebeye-mu-bwongereza/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://umuryango.rw/ad-restricted/article/abanyamakuru-ba-sports-mu-rwanda-byabanze-mu-nda-bagaragaza-amarangamutima-y</ref> === AMASHAKIRO; === [[Ikiciro:Siporo]] [[Ikiciro:Abanyamakuru]] [[Ikiciro:Abanyamakuru ba siporo]] 8mgl8vxrdfnwl7rar0qz7z4mgwnh8xr 0 14454 134001 91831 2026-07-22T11:25:19Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 134001 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Rabbin Iman Isaac''' ni umunyamakuru wa siporo wa bigize umwuga. Rabbin Iman Isaac yakoze kubitangazamakuru bitandukanye nka radiyo, twavuga nka RadioTV1, akomeza akora kuri radio voice of Africa na aza nogukora kuri radio Isango Star akoraho ubu. Rabbin Iman Isaac aha hose yavugaga imikino n’inkuru za siporo. Rabbin Iman Isaac abarizwa mu ishyirahamwe rya banyamakuru ba siporo AJSPOR, kandi ni umufana w’ikipe ya  Manchester United yo mu gihugu cyu [[Ubwongereza|bwongereza]] kumugabane w'uburayi.Rabbin Iman Isaac yagiye aherekeza ikipe y'igihugu y'umupira wa maguru yu [[Rwanda]] [[Amavubi|Amavubu]], ndetse na n'amakipe ya ma club, aho yabaga yasohotse hanze yigihugu, yagiye gukina.<ref>https://umuryango.rw/ad-restricted/article/abanyamakuru-ba-sports-mu-rwanda-byabanze-mu-nda-bagaragaza-amarangamutima-y</ref><ref>https://www.rwandamag.com/urutonde-rurerure-rwabanyamakuru-bimikino-mu-rwanda-namakipe-bafana/</ref><ref>https://amarebe.com/abanyamakuru-bakomeye-ba-siporo-bo-mu-rwanda-beruye-bagaragaza-amakipe-bafana/</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://yegob.rw/ngaba-abanyamakuru-bimikino-mu-rwanda-namakipe-bihebeye-mu-bwongereza/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-01 |archive-date=2023-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301010950/https://yegob.rw/ngaba-abanyamakuru-bimikino-mu-rwanda-namakipe-bihebeye-mu-bwongereza/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Amashakiro === [[Ikiciro:Siporo]] [[Ikiciro:Abanyamakuru]] [[Ikiciro:Abanyamakuru ba siporo]] 2j9iyxl23k5wmpazxs5u3r8wc046t03 0 14456 134045 118570 2026-07-22T16:02:27Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 134045 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Uwihanganye Barahira Fuadi''' ni umunyamakuru w’umupira w’amaguru na [[siporo]], akaba akorera ikigo cy’itangazamakuru B&B FM Umwezi akora ikinagiro Sports Bar. Uwihanganye Barahira Fuadi yakoreye ibitangazamakuru bitandukanye aho yatangiriye ku kinyamakuru cyandika kuri interinete cyitwa The Magasinsports akomereza kuri RadioTV10. Uwihanganye Barahira Fuadi ni  umusesenguzi ku mikino itandukanye  yo mu [[Rwanda]] ndetse niyo kumugabane w’I [[burayi]]. Uwihanganye Barahira Fuadi ni umufana wa Kiyovu Sports yo mu Rwanda ndetse n’ikipe ya Chelsea na Sunderland yo mu [[Ubwongereza|Bwongereza]], Saint Etienne yo mu [[Ubufaransa|Bufaransa]] na Werder Bremen yo mu [[Ubudage|Budage]].<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/75950/fuadi-uwihanganye-75950.html</ref><ref>https://imirasiretv.com/abanyamakuru-10-bogeza-umupira-wamaguru-babahanga-kurusha-abandi-mu-rwanda-amafoto/</ref><ref>https://www.rwandamag.com/urutonde-rurerure-rwabanyamakuru-bimikino-mu-rwanda-namakipe-bafana/</ref><ref>https://amarebe.com/abanyamakuru-bakomeye-ba-siporo-bo-mu-rwanda-beruye-bagaragaza-amakipe-bafana/</ref><ref>https://umuryango.rw/ad-restricted/article/abanyamakuru-ba-sports-mu-rwanda-byabanze-mu-nda-bagaragaza-amarangamutima-y</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://yegob.rw/ngaba-abanyamakuru-bimikino-mu-rwanda-namakipe-bihebeye-mu-bwongereza/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-01 |archive-date=2023-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301010950/https://yegob.rw/ngaba-abanyamakuru-bimikino-mu-rwanda-namakipe-bihebeye-mu-bwongereza/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Amashakiro === [[Ikiciro:Siporo]] [[Ikiciro:Abanyamakuru ba siporo]] [[Ikiciro:Abanyamakuru]] 8p35ovvsznjsqo8i859kixw84l1vy17 0 14469 134003 118715 2026-07-22T13:51:48Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 134003 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tuyishime Aline''' uzwi nka Aline the Bosschick ni umukobwa w’umunyamakurukazi ukora ibiganiro by’imikino na siporo mu [[Rwanda]]. Tuyishimire Aline  usanzwe akorra ikigo cy' igitangamakuru cya radio namashusho cya BTN TV. Tuyishime yakoze kubindi bitangazamakuru bitandukanye , aho yakoraga kuri radiyo nka  Contact FM na Contact TV. Tuyishime ni umufana ukomeye wa Manchester United yo mugihugu cyu [[Ubwongereza]] ku mugabane wi [[burayi]].<ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/inkumi-10-z-uburanga-n-ikimero-mu-itangazamakuru-ryo-mu-rwanda-amafoto</ref><ref>https://www.rwandamag.com/urutonde-rurerure-rwabanyamakuru-bimikino-mu-rwanda-namakipe-bafana/</ref><ref>https://amarebe.com/abanyamakuru-bakomeye-ba-siporo-bo-mu-rwanda-beruye-bagaragaza-amakipe-bafana/</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://yegob.rw/ngaba-abanyamakuru-bimikino-mu-rwanda-namakipe-bihebeye-mu-bwongereza/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-01 |archive-date=2023-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301010950/https://yegob.rw/ngaba-abanyamakuru-bimikino-mu-rwanda-namakipe-bihebeye-mu-bwongereza/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":0">https://umuryango.rw/ad-restricted/article/abanyamakuru-ba-sports-mu-rwanda-byabanze-mu-nda-bagaragaza-amarangamutima-y</ref> == Mu itangazamakuru == Tuyishime Aline yagiye agaragara mu marushanwa anyuranye aho yagiye abera mu gihugu cyu [[Rwanda]] no hanze i mahanga, aho yagiye kandi y'itabira bitandukanye, mu [[umupira w'amaguru]] yaba aya bahugu cyangwa abakobwa, yagiye nanone mu marushwa atandukanye yo gusiganwa ku [[igare]] nk'umunyamakuru , nkaho yaje kuba umwe mubari n'abategarugori bakora itangazamakuru bari bari muri [[Tour du Rwanda]], afata amafoto, imyiyerekano, inkuru z'icukumbuye, ndetse n'ibiganiro, akorera ikigo cy'itangazamakuru cya Contact Fm .<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Siporo]] [[Ikiciro:Abanyamakuru ba siporo]] [[Ikiciro:Abanyamakuru]] <references /> [[Ikiciro:Umunyamakurukazi]] b3nlg82c4nphl6hux09e5jnzjdqzu5x 0 14487 134028 121758 2026-07-22T14:54:09Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 134028 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Umutoni Claire''' ni umunyarwandakazi akaba umunyamakurukazi wa bigize umwuga ukora inkuru zi mikino na siporo . Umutoni Claire yakoze kubitangazamakuru bitandukanye haba ibyandika ndetse na radiyo, yakoze kubitangazamakuru bitandukanye nka Power FM yakomeje akazi ki tangazamakuru rya siporo kuri Flash FM aha hose yavugaga imikino n’inkuru za siporo. Umutoni Claire abarizwa mu ishyirahamwe rya banyamakuru ba siporo AJSPOR. Mugabo  ni umufana wa Manchester United yo mu gihugu cyu [[Ubwongereza|bwongereza]] ku mugabane w'[[iburayi]].<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/80608/jean-butoyi-yongeye-gutorerwa-kuyobora-ishyirahamwe-ry-abany-80608.html</ref><ref>https://www.rba.co.rw/post/Kwibora-25-Ishusho-rusange-yiterambere-rya-siporo-mu-myaka-25-ishize</ref><ref>https://umuryango.rw/ad-restricted/article/abanyamakuru-ba-sports-mu-rwanda-byabanze-mu-nda-bagaragaza-amarangamutima-y</ref><ref>https://www.rwandamag.com/urutonde-rurerure-rwabanyamakuru-bimikino-mu-rwanda-namakipe-bafana/</ref><ref>https://amarebe.com/abanyamakuru-bakomeye-ba-siporo-bo-mu-rwanda-beruye-bagaragaza-amakipe-bafana/</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://yegob.rw/ngaba-abanyamakuru-bimikino-mu-rwanda-namakipe-bihebeye-mu-bwongereza/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-01 |archive-date=2023-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301010950/https://yegob.rw/ngaba-abanyamakuru-bimikino-mu-rwanda-namakipe-bihebeye-mu-bwongereza/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/imikino/article/ntibagoheka-mu-guhihibikanira-iterambere-ryayo-abanyamakurukazi-bari-muri</ref> == Mu itangazamakuru == Umutoni Claire yagiye agaragara mu marushanwa atandukanye atari amwe aho yagiye abera mu gihugu cyu [[Rwanda]] no hanze m'umahanga, aho yagiye kandi y'itabira bitandukanye, y'umupira w'amaguru yaba aya bahugu cyangwa abakobwa, yagiye agaragara nanone mu marushwa atandukanye yo gusiganwa ku [[igare]] , nkaho yaje kuba umwe mubari n'abategarugori bakora itangazamakuru bari bari muri [[Tour du Rwanda]], afata amafoto, inkuru z'icukumbuye, ndetse n'ibiganiro, akorera ikigo cy'itangazamakuru cya Power FM .<ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/imikino/amagare/article/ni-bo-bari-inyuma-ya-ya-mashusho-n-amakuru-abaherekeje-tdrwanda23-amafoto</ref> == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Siporo]] [[Ikiciro:Abanyamakuru]] [[Ikiciro:Abanyamakuru ba siporo]] <references /> [[Ikiciro:Umunyamakurukazi]] b5n6hqrcnwws53fqlszin7lu4853f78 0 14492 133995 120244 2026-07-22T10:10:56Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 133995 wikitext text/x-wiki Ngabo Roben ni umunyarwanda akaba umunyamakuru wa siporo wandika ndetse agakora no kuri radiyo zitandukanye. Ngabo Roben yandikiye  ibitangazamakuru bitandukanye nk’Ikinyamakuru cyitwa IGIHE.com, yaje kandi kwandika mu kindi kinyamakuru cyitwa Umuseke ibi binyamakuru bikorera kuri interinete aha hose yandikaga inkuru za siporo. Ngabo Roben yakoreye radiyo zitandukanye nka radio Isango Star, aza gukora nokuri Radio/TV1. Ngabo yakoze byigihe gito muri [[FERWAFA|Ferwafa]], [[Ishyirahamwe ry’Umupira w’Amaguru mu Rwanda|Ishyirahamwe ry’umupira w’amaguru mu Rwanda]]. Ngabo ni umufana wa Arsenal yo mu gihugu cyu [[Ubwongereza|bwongereza]] ku mugabane w[[Burayi|'iburayi]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ar.umuseke.rw/yahingiye-barumuna-be-ayobora-akagali-ahita-aba-vice-mayorurugendo-rwurugero.hmtl |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-01 |archive-date=2023-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301060840/https://ar.umuseke.rw/yahingiye-barumuna-be-ayobora-akagali-ahita-aba-vice-mayorurugendo-rwurugero.hmtl |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/auteur/ngabo-roben</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://umuyoboro.rw/index.php/2022/08/08/abanyamakuru-bakoreye-ferwafa-amaso-yaheze-mu-kirere/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-01 |archive-date=2023-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301060845/https://umuyoboro.rw/index.php/2022/08/08/abanyamakuru-bakoreye-ferwafa-amaso-yaheze-mu-kirere/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://yegob.rw/ngaba-abanyamakuru-bimikino-mu-rwanda-namakipe-bihebeye-mu-bwongereza/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-01 |archive-date=2023-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301010950/https://yegob.rw/ngaba-abanyamakuru-bimikino-mu-rwanda-namakipe-bihebeye-mu-bwongereza/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imyidagaduro/muzika/article/tuyisenge-uzwiho-kogosha-abasitari-barimo-meddy-the-ben-na-diamond-na-we-yinjiye-mu-muziki</ref><ref>https://amarebe.com/abanyamakuru-bakomeye-ba-siporo-bo-mu-rwanda-beruye-bagaragaza-amakipe-bafana/</ref><ref>https://www.rwandamag.com/umutoza-adil-azabwire-umuryango-we-napfa-bazamushyingure-yambaye-jezi-ya-apr-fc-umunyamakuru-wimikino-ukomeye-mu-rwanda/</ref> == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Siporo]] [[Ikiciro:Abanyamakuru ba siporo]] [[Ikiciro:Abanyamakuru]] kiu02cjijnt7q14cy9d14caknc1ke6j 0 14534 133993 100454 2026-07-22T09:59:14Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 133993 wikitext text/x-wiki '''NDIZERA Ange''' NDIZERA Ange is a Rwandan professional sports journalist. NDIZERA Ange has worked in different media houses. He started his career at Energy Radio FM, and he continued to work as a sports journalist at Isango Star radio and Isango TV, where he use to cover sports news. NDIZERA Ange is a member of the sports journalists association AJSPOR. NDIZERA Ange is a fan of Manchester United. Moreover, He is a Bachelor holder in civil engineering and master in transportation science.<ref>https://umuryango.rw/ad-restricted/article/abanyamakuru-ba-sports-mu-rwanda-byabanze-mu-nda-bagaragaza-amarangamutima-y</ref><ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/80608/jean-butoyi-yongeye-gutorerwa-kuyobora-ishyirahamwe-ry-abany-80608.html</ref><ref>https://www.rwandamag.com/urutonde-rurerure-rwabanyamakuru-bimikino-mu-rwanda-namakipe-bafana/</ref><ref>https://amarebe.com/abanyamakuru-bakomeye-ba-siporo-bo-mu-rwanda-beruye-bagaragaza-amakipe-bafana/</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://yegob.rw/ngaba-abanyamakuru-bimikino-mu-rwanda-namakipe-bihebeye-mu-bwongereza/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-01 |archive-date=2023-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301010950/https://yegob.rw/ngaba-abanyamakuru-bimikino-mu-rwanda-namakipe-bihebeye-mu-bwongereza/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Amashakiro === [[Ikiciro:Siporo]] [[Ikiciro:Abanyamakuru ba siporo]] [[Ikiciro:Abanyamakuru]] 8hluebwlmac2h66t41o7g9wx0cl61d1 0 14536 133991 97908 2026-07-22T09:45:00Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 133991 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Capital FM's Olive Burrows shoots a question to Secretary Kerry at the Press Conference. (29098472161).jpg|thumb|Mugabo]] '''Mugabo Anneth''' ni umunyarwandakazi akaba umunyamakurukazi wa bigize umwuga ukora inkuru zi mikino na [[siporo]] . Mugabo Anneth yakoze kubitangazamakuru bitandukanye haba ibyandika ndetse na radiyo, yakoze kubitangazamakuru bitandukanye nka Hot FM yakomeje akazi ki tangazamakuru rya siporo kuri RadioTV10 aha hose yavugaga imikino n’inkuru za siporo. Mugabo Anneth abarizwa mu ishyirahamwe rya banyamakuru ba siporo AJSPOR. Mugabo  ni umufana wa Manchester United yo mu gihugu cyu [[Ubwongereza|bwongereza]] ku mugabane w'[[iburayi]].<ref name=":0">https://umuryango.rw/ad-restricted/article/abanyamakuru-ba-sports-mu-rwanda-byabanze-mu-nda-bagaragaza-amarangamutima-y</ref><ref>https://www.rwandamag.com/urutonde-rurerure-rwabanyamakuru-bimikino-mu-rwanda-namakipe-bafana/</ref><ref>https://amarebe.com/abanyamakuru-bakomeye-ba-siporo-bo-mu-rwanda-beruye-bagaragaza-amakipe-bafana/</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://yegob.rw/ngaba-abanyamakuru-bimikino-mu-rwanda-namakipe-bihebeye-mu-bwongereza/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-01 |archive-date=2023-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301010950/https://yegob.rw/ngaba-abanyamakuru-bimikino-mu-rwanda-namakipe-bihebeye-mu-bwongereza/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://radiotv10.rw/</ref><ref>https://vymaps.com/RW/103-6-Hot-Fm-Kigali-337599906410372/</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://umuryango.rw/index.php?page=print&id_article=43271 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-01 |archive-date=2023-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301150349/https://umuryango.rw/index.php?page=print&id_article=43271 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Akazi == Mugabo Anneth yagiye akorera ibitangazamakuru bitandukanye aho yakoze ku ikigo cy'igihugu cy'itangazamakuru RBA, ari ku ishami ryayo rya KC2, aza nogukorera radiyo y'abanyamerika VIO, hose avuga amakuru y'imikino. akabayaraje guhagararira u Rwanda nku munyamakuru mu mikino yisi ya bagore.<ref name=":0" /> === Amashakiro === [[Ikiciro:Siporo]] [[Ikiciro:Abanyamakuru ba siporo]] [[Ikiciro:Abanyamakuru]] juhpbqwdo7p6tby774vs0q7y4g5ofle 0 14582 133911 128539 2026-07-21T17:00:19Z Niyonagirajoy 18593 impinduka ntoya 133911 wikitext text/x-wiki 'Abaturage n'ibidukikije', ni ishami ry'ubushakashatsi riga isano iri hagati y'imiterere n'ibidukikije. Ryibanda ku buryo ubwiyongere bw'abaturage, ikwirakwira ryabo, iyimuka ry[[Abaturage Ubuzima n’Imiturire|'abaturage]], imiturire n'ibikorwa by'ubukungu bigira [[Ingaruka ry'ihindagurika ry'ibihe kubuzima bwa muntu.|ingaruka]] ku mutungo kamere n'ibidukikije, ndetse n'uko impinduka z'[[ibidukikije]] zigira [[Ingaruka Zitabi|ingaruka]] ku mibereho n[[Iterambere|'iterambere]] ry'[[Abaturage Ubuzima n’Imiturire|abaturage]].[https://www.rfa.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/RFA/Publications/6.OTHERS/Gahunda_yo_kubungabunga_ibidukikije_n_imibereho_myiza__ESMF_.pdf] == Amavu n'amavuko == Ubushakashatsi ku isano iri hagati y'abaturage n'ibidukikije bwatangiye kwitabwaho cyane mu kinyejana cya makumyabiri, cyane cyane nyuma y'ubwiyongere bw'abaturage ku rwego rw'isi ndetse n'ingaruka zabwo ku mashyamba, ubutaka, amazi n'ikirere.[https://www.rfa.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/RFA/Publications/6.OTHERS/Gahunda_yo_kubungabunga_ibidukikije_n_imibereho_myiza__ESMF_.pdf] Umuryango w'Abibumbye (UN) watangiye gushyira imbere iyi ngingo mu nama n'inyandiko zitandukanye zigamije guteza imbere iterambere rirambye.[https://www.igihe.com/ibidukikije/ibungabunga/abaturage-baturiye-pariki-y-ibirunga-bakomeje-guhugurirwa-gutubura-imugano] [[Dosiye:Ibidukikije n.jpg|thumb|Ibidukikije.]] == Abanditsi bashize == Abantu bakurikira babaye umwanditsi mukuru: * 2007-2017 Lori Hunter ( Kaminuza ya Colorado Boulder ) * 2004-2007 Landis MacKellar ( Ikigo cya Vienne Institute of Demography ) * 1999-2004 Kevin MacDonald ( Kaminuza ya Leta ya Californiya, Long Beach ) * 1988-1999 Virginia Abernethy ( Kaminuza ya Vanderbilt ) * 1984-1988 Burton Mindick ( Kaminuza ya Cornell ) na Ralph Taylor ( Kaminuza ya Johns Hopkins ) * 1977-1984 Vaida D. Thompson ( Kaminuza ya Carolina y'Amajyaruguru, Umusozi wa Chapel ) == Reba == <references /> == Ihuza ryo hanze == * Official website {{population|state=collapsed}} gka4jb3n0fhw25fa41xnlv8960x3h4p 0 14664 133921 131536 2026-07-21T18:13:13Z Score Beethoven 11559 133921 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:LL-Q33573 (kin)-IRAKOZE Anastase-Bugeshi.wav|thumb|Uko izina Bugeshi rivugwa.]] '''Umurenge wa Bugeshi''' ni umwe mu [[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|mirenge]] 12 igize [[Akarere ka Rubavu]], mu [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba]] bw’u [[Rwanda]].<ref name="kigali-today">Eric Muvara, [https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubukungu/iterambere/article/abaturage-biyubakiye-ibiro-by-umurenge-byuzuye-bitwaye-miliyoni-196rwf « Abaturage biyubakiye ibiro by’umurenge byuzuye bitwaye miliyoni 196 RWF »], ''[[Kigali Today]]'', 4 Ukuboza 2017, yasuwe ku wa 21 Nyakanga 2026.</ref> == Abaturage == Umurenge wa Bugeshi ufite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 31,05. Ibarura rusange ry’abaturage ryo mu 2022 ryagaragaje ko wari utuwe n’abaturage 33.892, barimo abagore 17.636 n’abagabo 16.256. Ubucucike bw’abaturage bwari abantu 1.092 kuri kilometero kare.<ref name="citypopulation">[https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/rubavu/3301__bugeshi/ « Bugeshi (Sector, Rwanda) »], ''City Population'', yasuwe ku wa 21 Nyakanga 2026.</ref> Mu baturage bose, 12.786 bari bafite imyaka iri munsi ya 15, abagera kuri 19.885 bari hagati y’imyaka 15 na 64, naho 1.221 bari bafite imyaka 65 cyangwa irenga. Abaturage 29.599 bari batuye mu cyaro, mu gihe 4.293 bari batuye mu mijyi.<ref name="citypopulation"/> == Ibikorwa remezo == Mu 2017, abaturage ba Bugeshi biyubakiye ibiro bishya by’umurenge bifite agaciro ka miliyoni 196 z’amafaranga y’u Rwanda. Akarere ka Rubavu katanze miliyoni 70, andi mafaranga atangwa n’abaturage, banagize uruhare mu mirimo yo kubaka binyuze mu muganda.<ref name="kigali-today"/> Muri uwo mwaka, Umurenge wa Bugeshi wabaye uwa kabiri mu Rwanda mu bikorwa by’umuganda.<ref name="kigali-today"/> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Rubavu]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Bugeshi]] 56ic556y17lig3xjx6bg6czjn4zyelc 0 14675 133977 107855 2026-07-22T08:21:51Z Score Beethoven 11559 133977 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Improvised transport operator Kibeho.jpg|thumb|'''Improvised transport operator Kibeho''']] Umurenge wa Kibeho uhererereye mu [[Intara y'amajyepfo|majyepfo]]. Ni umwe mu mirenge igize [[Akarere ka Nyaruguru]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.kigalitoday.com/umutekano/imbere-mu-gihugu/article/nyaruguru-gitifu-w-umurenge-wa-kibeho-yatawe-muri-yombi |title=Nyaruguru: Gitifu w'Umurenge wa Kibeho yatawe muri yombi |website=Kigali Today |language=rw }}</ref>. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Intara y'amajyepfo]] [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Nyaruguru]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda]] dugp7i24l37bdb81xr2fy2z3emj4k7x 0 14678 133973 104525 2026-07-22T08:16:04Z Score Beethoven 11559 133973 wikitext text/x-wiki Umurenge wa Munini uhererereye mu [[Intara y'amajyepfo|majyepfo]]. Ni umwe mu mirenge igize [[akarere ka Nyaruguru]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/football/Nyaruguru-Munini-yihariye-ibikombe-muri-Umurenge-Kagame-Cup |title=Nyaruguru: Munini yihariye ibikombe muri "Umurenge Kagame Cup" |website=Kigali Today |language=rw }}</ref>. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Intara y'amajyepfo]] [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Nyaruguru]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda]] f6u4lxd4qacjd076hie0hl7b40w0mfo 0 14680 133944 104534 2026-07-21T22:31:29Z Score Beethoven 11559 133944 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Umurenge wa Ngoma''' ni umwe mu mirenge 14 igize [[Akarere ka Nyaruguru]], mu [[Intara y’Amajyepfo]] y’u Rwanda. Ntugomba kwitiranywa n’indi mirenge yitwa Ngoma iri mu turere twa Huye na Rulindo. == Imiterere y’ubuyobozi == Akarere ka Nyaruguru kagizwe n’imirenge 14, utugari 72 n’imidugudu 332. Ngoma iri ku rutonde rw’imirenge igize ako karere.<ref>[https://www.nyaruguru.gov.rw/en/ « Nyaruguru District »], urubuga rwemewe rw’Akarere ka Nyaruguru.</ref> == Abaturage == Mu ibarura rusange ry’abaturage n’imiturire ryo mu 2012, Umurenge wa Ngoma wari utuwe n’abaturage 22.950. Mu 2022, abaturage bari bageze kuri 24.358, barimo abagore 12.844 n’abagabo 11.514.<ref name="abaturage">[https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/nyaruguru/2309__ngoma/ « Ngoma (Sector, Rwanda) »], ''City Population'', hashingiwe ku mibare y’Ikigo cy’Igihugu cy’Ibarurishamibare cy’u Rwanda.</ref> Muri abo baturage, 9.786 bari munsi y’imyaka 15, abari hagati y’imyaka 15 na 64 bari 13.221 naho abafite imyaka 65 cyangwa irenga bari 1.351.<ref name="abaturage" /> Ibarura ryo mu 2022 ryagaragaje ko abaturage bose b’Umurenge wa Ngoma bari batuye mu bice by’icyaro.<ref name="abaturage" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Nyaruguru|Ngoma]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Ngoma]] dzvdy19ty73olh7jtlx8hzypgs63j4w 0 14681 133979 104535 2026-07-22T08:24:59Z Score Beethoven 11559 133979 wikitext text/x-wiki Umurenge wa Nyabimata uhererereye mu [[Intara y'amajyepfo|majyepfo]]. Ni umwe mu mirenge igize [[Akarere ka Nyaruguru]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://umuryango.rw/amakuru/mu-rwanda/umutekano/article/nyaruguru-abantu-bitwaje-imbunda-bateye-nyabimata-bica-abantu-bakomeretsa |title=Nyaruguru: Abantu bitwaje imbunda bateye Nyabimata bica abantu, bakomeretsa Gitifu banatwika imodoka ye n’icumbi yabagamo |website=Umuryango |language=rw }}</ref>. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Intara y'amajyepfo]] [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Nyaruguru]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda]] 2kt0yflf4uyi1l18zszoj4mmrsh03i3 0 14682 133981 104536 2026-07-22T08:25:30Z Score Beethoven 11559 133981 wikitext text/x-wiki Umurenge wa Nyagisozi uhererereye mu [[Intara y'amajyepfo|majyepfo]]. Ni umwe mu mirenge igize [[Akarere ka Nyaruguru]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://bwiza.com/?Disi-Dieudonne-yasabiye-Gitifu-w-Umurenge-wa-Nyagisozi-ikiruhuko-igihe |title=Disi Dieudonne yasabiye Gitifu w'Umurenge wa Nyagisozi ikiruhuko igihe kitazwi |website=Bwiza |language=rw }}</ref>. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Intara y'amajyepfo]] [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Nyaruguru]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda]] nal0teszv3tq48ibcmouhyrodm2h5g3 0 14684 133987 122710 2026-07-22T08:35:48Z Score Beethoven 11559 133987 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:RW_Nyamagabe_(Gikongoro)_(2).jpg|thumb|RW Nyamagabe (Gikongoro) (2)]] Umurenge wa Ruramba uhererereye mu [[Intara y'amajyepfo|majyepfo]]. Ni umwe mu mirenge igize [[Akarere ka Nyaruguru]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://bwiza.com/?Nyaruguru-Ruramba-Bavuga-ko-iterambere-ryabo-ridindira-kubera-kutagira-umuriro |title=Nyaruguru: Ruramba bavuga ko iterambere ryabo ridindira kubera kutagira umuriro |website=Bwiza |language=rw }}</ref>. == Ibikorwaremezo == Ruramba ni umwe mu mirenge y'Akarere ka Nyaruguru itaragiraga amashanyarazi.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/nyaruguru-umurenge-wa-ruramba-watangiye-kubona-amashanyarazi |title=Nyaruguru: Umurenge wa Ruramba watangiye kubona amashanyarazi |website=IGIHE |language=rw }}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Intara y'amajyepfo]] [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Nyaruguru]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda]] 491gpgh1b9d4k1frxy2y3j057llcj3k 0 14685 133970 104539 2026-07-22T07:57:20Z Score Beethoven 11559 133970 wikitext text/x-wiki Umurenge wa Rusenge uhererereye mu [[Intara y'amajyepfo|majyepfo]]. Ni umwe mu mirenge igize [[akarere ka Nyaruguru]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://rugali.com/abaturage-batuye-mu-kagari-ka-rusenge-umurenge-wa-rusenge-ho-mu-karere-ka-nyaruguru-baratangaza-ko-kuva-bavuka-binywera-amazi-yimigezi-itemba/ |title=Abaturage batuye mu Kagari ka Rusenge, Umurenge wa Rusenge ho mu Karere ka Nyaruguru baratangaza ko kuva bavuka binywera amazi y’imigezi itemba |website=Rugali |language=rw }}</ref>. == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Intara y'amajyepfo]] [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Nyaruguru]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda]] sqyfrxcq1f16y9rqzwdys0wz3rd5zzb 0 15082 133956 130202 2026-07-22T03:22:02Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 133956 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Edwin Kwabla Gadayi''' (yavutse 14 Gashyantare 2001) ni umukinnyi wo gusiganwa mu kwiruka muri [[Gana]]. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Edwin Kwabla GADAYI {{!}} Profile {{!}} World Athletics |url=https://worldathletics.org/athletes/ghana/edwin-kwabla-gadayi-14786172 |access-date=2023-03-01 |website=worldathletics.org}}</ref> Muri Mata 2021, yashyizwe mu itsinda ry'abagabo batanu bitabiriye imikino ngororamubiri ku isi yabereye i Silesia, muri [[Polonye]]. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ghana set for World Athletics Relays |url=https://www.businessghana.com/ |access-date=2023-03-01 |website=BusinessGhana}}</ref> Yitabiriye kimwe cya kabiri kirangiza muri metero 200 mu mikino nyafurika yabereye muri Maroc aho yari uwa 4 akoresheje iminota 20.92. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2019-08-29 |title=African Games Day 11: Deborah Acquah wins silver in women’s Long Jump. |url=https://citisportsonline.com/2019/08/29/african-games-day-11-deborah-acquah-wins-silver-in-womens-long-jump/ |access-date=2023-03-01 |website=Citi Sports Online |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301012125/https://citisportsonline.com/2019/08/29/african-games-day-11-deborah-acquah-wins-silver-in-womens-long-jump/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Muri Nyakanga 2022, yashyizeho agahigo mu ikipe yi gihugu muri metero 200 muri Shampiyona ya 2023 yabereye i Cape Coast mu gihe cy'amasegonda 20.848. == Imibereho == Gadayi afite icyicaro mu karere ka Ashanti muri Gana. <ref>{{Cite web |last=media_editor |date=2022-07-01 |title=Ashanti region's Edwin Gadayi sets 200m national record in 2022 |url=https://www.accra2023ag.com/ashanti-regions-edwin-gadayi-sets-200m-national-record-in-2022/ |access-date=2023-03-01 |website=13th African Games - Accra 2023 |language=en-GB |archive-date=2023-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301012129/https://www.accra2023ag.com/ashanti-regions-edwin-gadayi-sets-200m-national-record-in-2022/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ni umunyeshuri wa kaminuza ya Cape Coast . <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=UCC's Edwin Gadayi wins 100m race in GAA Open Championship |url=https://ghanaguardian.com/uccs-edwin-gadayi-wins-100m-race-in-gaa-open-championship |access-date=2023-03-01 |website=The Ghana Guardian News |archive-date=2023-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301012125/https://ghanaguardian.com/uccs-edwin-gadayi-wins-100m-race-in-gaa-open-championship |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Icyubahiro == Yatsindiye umudari wa bronze muri Shampiyona nyafurika U20 . <ref name=":1"/> Yagaragaye kandi nk'uwatsinze mu ishyirahamwe ry’imikino ngororamubiri muri Gana ryaberaga muri Shampiyona yabereye muri Paa Joe muri KNUST . <ref name=":3"/> == Ibyagezweho == {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ !Umwaka ! Irushanwa ! Umwanya ! Icyabaye ! Igihe ! Umuyaga (m / s) ! Ikibanza ! Inyandiko |- | 2019 | Imikino Nyafurika | Icya 4 | 4 × 100 m | 20.92 | | [[Rabat|Rabat, Maroc]] | <ref name=":0"/> |- | rowspan="3" | 2022 | LOC 2023 Shampiyona y'Ubutumire | Icya 1 | 200m | 20.848 | | Cape Coast | |- | Ishyirahamwe ryimikino ngororamubiri muri Gana | Icya 1 | 100m | 10.626 | | KNUST Paa Joe Parike | <ref name=":3"/> |} == Reba == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wo mu misiri]] t7b7zudg6acexchwnuvo6nhnkrgchy3 0 15228 133884 122989 2026-07-20T21:15:44Z Clemy Keza 18414 Clemy Keza moved page [[Agricultural pollution]] to [[Ihumana Rikomoka ku Buhinzi]]: Title yari mu rurimi runyuranye n'inkuru 122989 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Air pollution, bord du Canal de l'Esplanade, fumée noire, inversion atmosphérique Lille Bois Citadelle 25 février 2019a 03.jpg|thumb|ikirere]] '''Ihumana ry’ubuhinzi''' ryerekeza ku binyabuzima biva mu [[Ubuhinzi|buhinzi]] bivamo kwanduza cyangwa kwangiza ibidukikije, kandi bikomeretsa abantu n’inyungu z’ubukungu. Umwanda urashobora guturuka ahantu hatandukanye, uhereye kumyanda ihumanya y’amazi ukagenda hamwe no gukwirakwira cyane, ku rwego rw’imiterere, bizwi kandi ko bitanduye bituruka ku bidukikije ndetse n’umwanda [[Imyuka Ihumanya Ikirere|uhumanya ikirere]] . Iyo mwanda mu bidukikije ishobora kugira ingaruka mbi mu bidukikije , ni ukuvuga kwica inyamaswa zo muri ako gace cyangwa kwanduza amazi yo kunywa,<ref>https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2019/11/SRCCL-Full-Report-Compiled-191128.pdf</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://water.epa.gov/polwaste/nps/agriculture_facts.cfm |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-14 |archive-date=2015-09-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907203903/http://water.epa.gov/polwaste/nps/agriculture_facts.cfm |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://doi.org/10.3389%2Ffsufs.2020.546167%2Ffull</ref><ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2610176</ref><ref>https://www.canr.msu.edu/news/nitrogen_cycle_and_nitrogen_fertilizer_sources_part_1</ref> == Inkomoko ya Abiotic == === Imiti yica udukoko === [[Dosiye:Cropduster_spraying_pesticides.jpg|alt=Cropduster spraying pesticides.|thumb| Gukoresha mu kirere imiti yica udukoko .]] ==== Imiti yica udukoko ==== === Ifumbire === ==== Azote ==== ==== Fosifore ==== [[Dosiye:Soil_erosion_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1135515.jpg|alt=Soil erosion|right|thumb| Isuri y'ubutaka: ubutaka bwogejwe mumurima uhinze unyuze muri iri rembo no mumigezi y'amazi hakurya.]] === Imiti yica udukoko === === Gucunga amatungo ===   == Reba == {{Reflist|2}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] bk5l4xr0xw65kcu5anv8bcec9n43v1e 133886 133884 2026-07-20T21:17:57Z Clemy Keza 18414 Clemy Keza moved page [[Ihumana Rikomoka ku Buhinzi]] to [[Ihumana Rikomoka ku Ubuhinzi]] 122989 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Air pollution, bord du Canal de l'Esplanade, fumée noire, inversion atmosphérique Lille Bois Citadelle 25 février 2019a 03.jpg|thumb|ikirere]] '''Ihumana ry’ubuhinzi''' ryerekeza ku binyabuzima biva mu [[Ubuhinzi|buhinzi]] bivamo kwanduza cyangwa kwangiza ibidukikije, kandi bikomeretsa abantu n’inyungu z’ubukungu. Umwanda urashobora guturuka ahantu hatandukanye, uhereye kumyanda ihumanya y’amazi ukagenda hamwe no gukwirakwira cyane, ku rwego rw’imiterere, bizwi kandi ko bitanduye bituruka ku bidukikije ndetse n’umwanda [[Imyuka Ihumanya Ikirere|uhumanya ikirere]] . Iyo mwanda mu bidukikije ishobora kugira ingaruka mbi mu bidukikije , ni ukuvuga kwica inyamaswa zo muri ako gace cyangwa kwanduza amazi yo kunywa,<ref>https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2019/11/SRCCL-Full-Report-Compiled-191128.pdf</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://water.epa.gov/polwaste/nps/agriculture_facts.cfm |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-14 |archive-date=2015-09-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907203903/http://water.epa.gov/polwaste/nps/agriculture_facts.cfm |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://doi.org/10.3389%2Ffsufs.2020.546167%2Ffull</ref><ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2610176</ref><ref>https://www.canr.msu.edu/news/nitrogen_cycle_and_nitrogen_fertilizer_sources_part_1</ref> == Inkomoko ya Abiotic == === Imiti yica udukoko === [[Dosiye:Cropduster_spraying_pesticides.jpg|alt=Cropduster spraying pesticides.|thumb| Gukoresha mu kirere imiti yica udukoko .]] ==== Imiti yica udukoko ==== === Ifumbire === ==== Azote ==== ==== Fosifore ==== [[Dosiye:Soil_erosion_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1135515.jpg|alt=Soil erosion|right|thumb| Isuri y'ubutaka: ubutaka bwogejwe mumurima uhinze unyuze muri iri rembo no mumigezi y'amazi hakurya.]] === Imiti yica udukoko === === Gucunga amatungo ===   == Reba == {{Reflist|2}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] bk5l4xr0xw65kcu5anv8bcec9n43v1e 0 15234 133888 131379 2026-07-20T21:29:45Z Clemy Keza 18414 Ibisobanuro bimwe bitari byuzuye 133888 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Agroforesterie_(maïs_et_châtaigner)(2).jpg|thumb| Ibigori]] [[Dosiye:Faidherbia_albida.JPG|thumb| ibigori muri [[Burukina Faso|Burkina Faso]]]] '''Ni Ubuhinzi-Bworozi buvanze n'amashyamba cyangwa ibiti.''' Bivuga uburyo ubwo aribwo bwose bwo gukoresha ubutaka aho urwuri n'ibihingwa bihujwe [[Igiti|n'ibiti]] n'amashyamba.Guhuza ubuhinzi, ubworozi n’amashyamba bifite inyungu nyinshi, nko kongera umusaruro ukomoka ku bihingwa by’ibiribwa by’ibanze, kuzamura imibereho y’abahinzi kuva ku musaruro, kongera urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima, kuzamura ubutaka n’ubuzima, kugabanya isuri mu mirima. Ubu buryo kandi bunabungabunga ibidukikije.<ref name="USDA">{{Cite web |title=National Agroforestry Center |url=https://fs.usda.gov/nac/practices/index.shtml |publisher=USDA National Agroforestry Center (NAC)}}</ref> Mu kwifashisha ubu buryo ushobora gutera ibiti by'imbuto, n'ibindi bicuruzwa by'ingirakamaro bifite agaciro mu bukungu. Ibikorwa by'ubuhinzi bwiganje cyane mu turere dushyuha, cyane ahantu hato dufite akamaro kanini muri Afurika yo munsi y'Ubutayu bwa Sahara. <ref>{{Cite journal|pages=1–19}}</ref> Nyamara, kubera inyungu zayo nyinshi, urugero ni intungamubiri zo kugabanya amapfa, byemejwe muri Amerika no mu Uburayi. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Iqbal |first=Nausheen |title=A Food Forest Grows in Atlanta |url=https://www.usda.gov/media/blog/2018/05/04/food-forest-grows-atlanta |access-date=17 June 2018 |website=USDA.gov blog}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|pages=106916}}</ref> [[Dosiye:Agroforestry_contour_planting.jpg|thumb| Gutera ibiti bya Agroforestry byahujwe no kurisha amatungo mu murima wa Taylor's Run, Ositaraliya]] == Ishingiro ry'ubumenyi == == Inyungu == === Ibinyabuzima bitandukanye === == Inkomoko ==  {{Reflist}} == Ibindi gusoma no gutegera == *   * ''The Springer Journal'', "Agroforestry Systems" (ISSN 1572-9680); Editor-In-Chief: Prof. Shibu Jose, H.E. Garrett Endowed Professor and Director, The Center for Agroforestry, University of Missouri *   * [http://loe.org/shows/segments.html?programID=16-P13-00048&segmentID=6 Interview with Eric Toensmeier on carbon farming] (archive [https://web.archive.org/web/20161125194808/http://loe.org/shows/segments.html?programID=16-P13-00048&segmentID=6 here], audio [http://loe.org/content/2016-11-25/loe_161125_c1_carbon%20farming.mp3 here]), from ''Living on Earth'' show broadcast 25 November 2016. == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [http://www.fs.usda.gov/nac/practices/alleycropping.shtml Ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe ubuhinzi (USDA)] * [http://www.worldagroforestry.org Ikigo cy’ubuhinzi bw’ubuhinzi ku isi] * [http://www.foreststreesagroforestry.org/ Porogaramu y'Ubushakashatsi ya CGIAR ku mashyamba, ibiti n'ibiti by'amashyamba (FTA)] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20210307181300/http://centerforagroforestry.org/ Ikigo cya Agroforestry muri kaminuza ya Missouri] * [http://www.agroforestry.org.au Fondasiyo ya Australiya Agroforestry] * [http://www.agroforestry.net.au Ubuhinzi bwo muri Australiya] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20190922064433/http://www.greenbeltmovement.org/ Icyatsi kibisi] * [[Dosiye:Spruce forest at Holma.jpg|thumb|Ishyamba]][http://www.pfaf.org Ibimera by'ejo hazaza] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20190407232445/https://yaaxche.org/ Icyizere cyo kubungabunga Ya'axché] * [http://www.plant-trees.org Ibiti by'ejo hazaza] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100707051700/http://www.plant-trees.org/resources/data.htm#download Igitabo cyamahugurwa yubuhinzi bwa Agroforestry kubuntu (kuva kubiti by'ejo hazaza)] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100414124659/http://www.viskogen.se/English/Organisation.aspx Vi-Agroforestry] * [http://www.agropark.org Agroforst muri Deutschland] * [http://www.agroof.net Agroforestry mu Bufaransa no mu Burayi] ; Itangazamakuru * [http://www.dandc.eu/articles/220681/index.en.shtml "Agroforestry yumvikana ku bantu bahejejwe inyuma mu misozi ya Filipine"] (Erhardt / Bünner), ingingo mu kinyamakuru ''D + C Iterambere n'Ubufatanye'' * The short film . * The short film . * The short film . * The short film . * The short film . * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vfCPs-Uyvt8 Agroforestry, imigabane nibitekerezo.] Umusaruro ukomoka ku buhinzi, Liagre F. na Girardin N. [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] keuf9fenx2v6cjs80615ni33o0bbn6q 0 15379 133910 93230 2026-07-21T16:20:26Z Niyonagirajoy 18593 impinduka ntoya 133910 wikitext text/x-wiki '''[[Ibiti bivangwa n'Imyaka|Ibiti]]''' '''bivangwa n'imyaka''' ni [[UBURYO BWO GUTERA IBITI NO GUFATA NEZA AMASHYAMBA|uburyo]] bwo guhinga buhuza ibiti n’imyaka mu murima umwe, bigamije [[Kurinda Amashyamba kimeza|kurinda]] [[Ubutaka mu Rwanda|ubutaka]] isuri no kongera umusaruro.[https://www.rfa.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/RFA/Publications/1.LAWS/Itegeko_Rigenga_Amashyamba_n__Ibiti_mu_Rwanda_-68-114.pdf] Mu [[Rwanda]], iyi [[Gahunda ya 2063|gahunda]] yashyizwe mu bikorwa mu turere twinshi, harimo n[[Akarere ka Bugesera|’Akarere]] ka [https://mobile.igihe.com/ibidukikije/article/rutsiro-mu-myaka-ibiri-hatewe-ibiti-miliyoni-2-8-mu-guhangana-n-ibiza-byibasira Rutsiro].[https://igihe.com/amakuru/article/rutsiro-hagiye-guterwa-ibiti-bya-kawa-bishya-ibihumbi-195] === Amateka n’ishyirwa mu bikorwa === Mu myaka ishize, Akarere ka Rutsiro kakunze kwibasirwa n’[[Inkangu mu Rwanda|inkangu]] n’[[ISURI MU RWANDA|isuri]] kubera imiterere y[[Imisozi ya Virunga|’imisoz]]<nowiki/>i miremire igize isunzu rya Congo-Nil.[https://mobile.igihe.com/ibidukikije/article/rutsiro-mu-myaka-ibiri-hatewe-ibiti-miliyoni-2-8-mu-guhangana-n-ibiza-byibasira] Mu rwego rwo [[Guhangana n’ingaruka z’imihindagurikire muri Kirehe|guhangana]] n’iki kibazo, mu kagari ka [[Akarere ka Ngoma|Ngoma]] hatangiye gukorwa '''[[Amaterasi y'indinganire|amaterasi y’indinganire]]''' aterwaho [[Ibiti bivangwa n'Imyaka|ibiti]] bivangwa n’imyaka. Ibi bikorwa byatangiye mu myaka irenga umunani ishize, kandi ubu byatangiye gutanga umusaruro.[https://mobile.igihe.com/ibidukikije/article/rutsiro-mu-myaka-ibiri-hatewe-ibiti-miliyoni-2-8-mu-guhangana-n-ibiza-byibasira] oo364v2w4ds3ibile1jzdn1bbomr2ca 0 15520 133960 129886 2026-07-22T05:05:09Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 133960 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Nyarubuyevis.jpg|thumb|Ibitare bya Nyarubuye.]] Mu Murenge wa Nyarubuye hari uduce tugizwe n’amabuye y’ibitare, aho yiganje cyane ni i Nyabitare. Ni ahantu heza ku buryo hari abafata umwanya wo kujya kuhatemberera, kuhifotoreza no kuhakoreshereza ibirori bitandukanye.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://muhaziyacu.rw/amakuru/ahantu-nyaburanga-10-wasura-mu-karere-ka-kireheamafoto/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-21 |archive-date=2023-03-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321211222/https://muhaziyacu.rw/amakuru/ahantu-nyaburanga-10-wasura-mu-karere-ka-kireheamafoto/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.kirehe.gov.rw/default-7a9e1f5473 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-21 |archive-date=2023-03-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321211229/https://www.kirehe.gov.rw/default-7a9e1f5473 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Imiterere == Aya mabuye agaragara mu Murenge wa Nyarubuye n’uwa Nasho ahagaragara imisozi ibereye ubukerrugend bushingiye ku kurira imisozi, moto zo mu misozi n’ibindi bikorwa bitandukanye umuntu ashobora gukorera mu misozi myiza yaho. Iyo umuntu abashije kurira nibura umusozi umwe akagera hejuru aba yitegeye ibiyaga bitandukanye birimo nk’icya Nasho, ikiyaga cya Mpanga, ndetse n’ikiyaga cya Cyambwe byose bibarizwa muri aka Karere.<ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/ubukerarugendo/article/amabuye-abereye-ubukerarugendo-muri-kirehe-amafoto</ref> == Reba == i9z5jl5mgmp07hcgfvoyfw07nv37b0f 0 15555 134011 129916 2026-07-22T14:25:26Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 134011 wikitext text/x-wiki Ni udusozi tubiri twegeranye, dukoze ku buryo dusongoye duherereye mu Murenge wa Kigarama mu kuboko kw’iburyo werekeza ku mupaka wa Rusumo, ni hafi yo kuri uyu mupaka.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://muhaziyacu.rw/amakuru/ahantu-nyaburanga-10-wasura-mu-karere-ka-kireheamafoto/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-22 |archive-date=2023-03-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321211222/https://muhaziyacu.rw/amakuru/ahantu-nyaburanga-10-wasura-mu-karere-ka-kireheamafoto/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ni udusozi twiza twa Bwiza budashira irora duherereye mu murenge wa Kigarama.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.kirehe.gov.rw/default-7a9e1f5473 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-22 |archive-date=2023-03-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321211229/https://www.kirehe.gov.rw/default-7a9e1f5473 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Reba == 35s74qhn0tkx3ifvq8gb0xyfkf17yzr 0 15557 133966 129889 2026-07-22T06:25:13Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 133966 wikitext text/x-wiki Imisozi ya Cyanjuna iherereye mu Murenge wa Mushikiri, ni imisozi ibereye amaso igizwe n’igice kigizwe n’amabuye y’ibitere, n’ibyatsi bigufi cyane ku buryo biba bibereye ijisho. Iyo misozi yitegeye ahari ikicaro cy’Akarere ka Kirehe.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://muhaziyacu.rw/amakuru/ahantu-nyaburanga-10-wasura-mu-karere-ka-kireheamafoto/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-22 |archive-date=2023-03-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321211222/https://muhaziyacu.rw/amakuru/ahantu-nyaburanga-10-wasura-mu-karere-ka-kireheamafoto/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.kirehe.gov.rw/default-7a9e1f5473 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-22 |archive-date=2023-03-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321211229/https://www.kirehe.gov.rw/default-7a9e1f5473 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Reba == iobqci1tuuggj618i3qj3o295o3q2ws 0 15559 134026 129918 2026-07-22T14:53:23Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 134026 wikitext text/x-wiki Umusozi wa Nyamurindira uherereye mu murenge wa Mushikiri ufite ubutumburuke bwa metero 1,898. Iyo uhagaze kuri uyu musozi uba ureba neza ikiyaga cya Cyambwe n'ikirwa cya Marenga tutibagiwe n'icyanya cyuhirwa cya Nasho byose bikanezeza ababireba.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.kirehe.gov.rw/default-7a9e1f5473 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-22 |archive-date=2023-03-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321211229/https://www.kirehe.gov.rw/default-7a9e1f5473 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Umusozi wa Nyamurindira uherereye mu Mudugudu wa Nyamurindira, mu Kagari ka Ntaruka mu Murenge wa Nasho, ugaragara nk’uruziga, bamwe bavuga ko nubwo abantu benshi batawuzi ariko uwawusura yaryoherwa no kuhareba.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://muhaziyacu.rw/amakuru/ahantu-nyaburanga-10-wasura-mu-karere-ka-kireheamafoto/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-22 |archive-date=2023-03-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321211222/https://muhaziyacu.rw/amakuru/ahantu-nyaburanga-10-wasura-mu-karere-ka-kireheamafoto/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Imisozi imeze nka wo kandi ni yo abantu bakoreraho za siporo zo kurira imisozi.<ref name=":0" /> == Reba == r7kw1diniq5meflj09qm6uxf9vys05a 0 15563 134027 93507 2026-07-22T14:53:27Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 134027 wikitext text/x-wiki Umusozi wa Remera uherereye mu murenge wa  Nyarubuye mu karere ka Kirehe. Uyu musozi ufite ubutumburuke bungana na 1,919 m ukanezeza amaso y’abawureba. Uhagaze ku musozi wa Remera, uba witegeye kandi ureba neza ibiyaga bya Mpanga na Nasho.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.kirehe.gov.rw/default-7a9e1f5473 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-22 |archive-date=2023-03-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321211229/https://www.kirehe.gov.rw/default-7a9e1f5473 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Reba == onjeu6rolgcxzakz1owxx8bbyg2wddf 0 15564 133862 93509 2026-07-20T14:53:14Z Yves ganwa 13251 133862 wikitext text/x-wiki Agasozi ka Kanyirarebe gaherereye mu Karere ka Burera, Umurenge wa Gahunga, kakaba gahuriweho n’utugari tubiri aritwo Buramba na Nyangwe.<ref name=":0">https://mobile.igihe.com/ubukerarugendo/ahantu-nyaburanga/article/musanze-inkomoko-y-izina-ry-agasozi-ka-kanyirarebe-ryaturutse-ku-murwayi-wo-mu</ref> == Amateka == Amateka avuga ko kuri aka gasozi habaga igiti kinini cyane cy’inganzamarumbu cy’umunyinya cyari cyaritsemo inyoni zitandukanye, gusa ngo nta bantu benshi bari bahatuye , igice kinini cyari kigizwe n’ibihuru.<ref name=":0" /> Nk’uko abantu bakuze batuye kuri aka gasozi babisobanura, bavuga ko inkomoko y’izina Kanyirarebe ryaturutse ku mugore wabanaga n’ubumuga bwo mu mutwe witwaga Nyirarebe, waje aturuka mu Gihugu cy’abaturanyi cya Uganda mu gace ka Bufumbira, maze aruhukira munsi y’icyo giti ahubaka akazu k’ibyatsi agaturamo.<ref name=":0" /> == Ibindi == Kuri ubu ku Kanyirarebe harangwa n’ibikorwaremezo bitandukanye birimo umuriro w’amashanyarazi, inzu z’ubucuruzi, izo guturamo n’ibindi bikorwa byinshi by’iterambere. Abaturage baho batunzwe cyane n’ubuhinzi bw’ibirayi bakuramo amafaranga abatunga mu buzima bwabo bwa buri munsi, abandi bagakora ubucuruzibw’ibintu bitandukanye. == Reba == 0pg7afw4q9e42z2joxcawmzs7jb9m90 0 16785 133866 132407 2026-07-20T15:07:40Z Igiraneza Divine 15375 Impinduka ntoya 133866 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Bank of Skotia.jpg|thumb|AB Bank]] [[Dosiye:ASC Leiden - Rwanda 2021 - 107 - A list of businesses on a wall in a building - Kigali.jpg|thumb|ab bank]] '''AB Bank Rwanda''' (ABR), ni banki ifite imari iciriritse mu [[Rwanda]] . Ni banki imwe muri banki zemewe muri Repubulika y'u Rwanda. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2014 |title=List of Licensed Banks In Rwanda |url=http://www.bnr.rw/index.php?id=317 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140712183101/http://bnr.rw/index.php?id=317 |archive-date=12 July 2014 |access-date=3 August 2014 |publisher=[[National Bank of Rwanda]]}}</ref> == Incamake == ABR ni banki iciriritse yo mu Rwanda, ifitwe n’ibigo mpuzamahanga, yashinzwe mu 2013. Ifitanye isano, kandi ni ishami rya Access Holding, ishoramari rito ry’ubucuruzi n’imishinga iciriritse ikorera mu [[Ubudage|Budage]], ifite amashami muri [[Azeribayijani|Azaribayijan]], [[Madagasikari]], [[Tanzaniya]], [[Nijeriya]], [[Liberiya]], [[Tajikisitani|Tajikistan]], [[Zambiya]] n'u [[Rwanda]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Overview of Access Microfinance Holding AG (AccessHolding) |url=http://www.accessholding.com/About_Us/ |access-date=3 August 2014 |publisher=[[AccessHolding]] (AMFHAG) |archive-date=21 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140821132349/http://accessholding.com/About_Us/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Dosiye:AB_Bank_Zambia.jpg|thumb|AB Bank ya Zambia]] == Amateka == Banki yahawe uruhushya rwa banki na [[Banki Nkuru y'u Rwanda|Banki nkuru y’u Rwanda]], akaba ari umugenzuzi w’amabanki mu gihugu, muri 2013 itangira serivisi z’amabanki y’ubucuruzi muri uwo mwaka. Muri Kamena 2014, AB Banki y'u Rwanda yagumanye konti zo kubitsa zirenga 4000 hamwe na konti zirenga 1.300. [[Igitabo]] cy'inguzanyo cyarenze RWF: miliyari 1 z'amafaranga y'u Rwanda (miliyoni 1.5 z'amadolari y'Amerika). <ref>{{Cite web |last=Gasore |first=Ben |date=13 June 2014 |title=AB Bank Rwanda Loan Book Hits RWF:1 Billion |url=http://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/index.php?i=15752&a=77534 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140810101613/http://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/index.php?i=15752&a=77534 |archive-date=2014-08-10 |access-date=3 August 2014 |publisher=[[The New Times (Rwanda)]]}}</ref> == Nyirubwite (Ownership) == Umugabane wa banki ufite abikorera ku giti cyabo. As of December 2013, imigabane muri banki nkuko bigaragara mu mbonerahamwe ikurikira: <ref>{{Cite web |date=2013 |title=AB Bank Rwanda: Shareholders |url=http://www.abbank.rw/shareholders.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140810030212/http://www.abbank.rw/shareholders.html |archive-date=10 August 2014 |access-date=3 August 2014 |publisher=AB Bank Rwanda}}</ref> {| style="font-size:100%;" | align="center" width="100%" |'''AB Banki yu Rwanda''' |- valign="top" | {| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto" ! style="width:2em;" | Urutonde ! Izina rya nyirubwite ! Ijanisha nyirizina |- | 1 | Kwinjira | 67.9 |- | 2 | Banki ishinzwe iterambere ry’Ubudage (KfW) | 17.1 |- | 3 | Isosiyete mpuzamahanga ishinzwe imari (IFC) <ref>{{Cite web |date=8 April 2014 |title=Rwanda: IFC, Access Bank Rwanda Sign $300,000 Pact To Support Rural SMES |url=http://www.microfinancenigeria.com/other-news/rwanda-ifc-access-bank-rwanda-sign-300000-pact-to-support-rural-smes/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140811183229/http://www.microfinancenigeria.com/other-news/rwanda-ifc-access-bank-rwanda-sign-300000-pact-to-support-rural-smes/ |archive-date=11 August 2014 |access-date=3 August 2014 |publisher=MicroFinanceNigeria.Com}}</ref> | 15 |- | | '''Igiteranyo''' | '''100.00''' |- |} |- |} == Umuyoboro w'ishami == Kugeza muri Werurwe 2019, banki ifite amashami atandatu hamwe n’ibicuruzwa bitandatu by’inguzanyo mu gihugu hose. # Ishami rya Nyamirambo - [[Nyamirambo]], Kigali # Ishami rya Nyarugenge - Nyarugenge, [[Kigali]] - '''Ishami rikuru''' # Ishami rya Gisozi - [[Akarere ka Gasabo|Gasabo]], Kigali # Ishami rya Kimironko - [[Akarere ka Gasabo|Kimironko]], Kigali # Ishami rya Nyabugogo - [[Nyabugogo]], Kigali # Ishami rya Musanze - Musanze # Muhanga Inguzanyo - Muhanga # Rwamagana Inguzanyo - [[Rwamagana]] # Kabarondo Inguzanyo - Kabarondo # Huye Inguzanyo - [[Butare|Huye]] # [[Gicumbi Ibiti ibihumbi 12 byatewe mu gukumira isuri n’inkangu|Gicumb]]<nowiki/>i Inguzanyo - [[Akarere ka Gicumbi|Gicumbi]] # [[Akarere ka Nyagatare|Nyagatare]] Inguzanyo - Nyagatare # Rubavu Inguzanyo - [[Akarere ka Rubavu|Rubavu]] # Rusizi Inguzanyo - Kamembe # [[Nyamata]] Inguzanyo - [[Akarere ka Bugesera|Bugesera]] # Nyanza Inguzanyo - Nyanza # Ruhango Inguzanyo - Ruhango == Reba kandi == * Urutonde rwa banki mu Rwanda * [[Ubukungu bw'U Rwanda|Ubukungu bw'u Rwanda]] == AMASHAKIRO; == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [http://www.abbank.rw/ Urubuga rwa AB Bank Rwanda] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20180201194700/http://www.bnr.rw/ Urubuga rwa Banki nkuru yigihugu yu Rwanda] [[Ikiciro:Banki]] [[Ikiciro:Banki Nkuru y'u Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ubucuruzi]] cakyilnrzr8m7oa38kk6hjip5iy6ht8 0 16794 133997 120246 2026-07-22T10:12:55Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 133997 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ni Nyagasambu rirarema'''<ref>[[I nyagasambu]]</ref> Ni mvugo yamamaye mu [[Rwanda]], ndetse ihimbwamo n’indirimbo, ngo yakomotse ku bakozi ba MININTER, ubwo bajyaga gukora umuganda wo gutera ibiti i Nyagasambu, bataha bakahahahira ibiribwa bitandukanye ku giciro giciriritse, nyuma bajya mu masoko ya [[Kigali]] bagasanga ibyaho bihenze, bati “N’Inyagasambu rirarema.”ikindi wamenya n'uko nyagasambu iherereye mukarere ka rwamgana. == Icyo wamenya == Nyagasambu Ni ahantu mu Rwanda hamenyekanye kubera umugani ngo '[https://www.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/n-i-nyagasambu-rirarema-imvugo-yakomotse-ku-bakozi-ba-mininter N'i Nyagasambu rirarema]<ref>https://www.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/n-i-nyagasambu-rirarema-imvugo-yakomotse-ku-bakozi-ba-mininter</ref>', ubu ni Mu [https://www.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/rwamagana-bahawe-amazi-meza-basabwa-kunoza-isuku-no-kuyafata-neza Akagari ka Nyagasambu]<ref>https://www.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/rwamagana-bahawe-amazi-meza-basabwa-kunoza-isuku-no-kuyafata-neza</ref>, Umurenge wa Fumbwe mu Karere ka [[Rwamagana Fc|Rwamagana]], Intara y'iburasirazuba.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.rwamagana.gov.rw/akarere/abanyamabanga-nshingwabikorwa-bimirenge |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-06-07 |archive-date=2023-06-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616031406/https://www.rwamagana.gov.rw/akarere/abanyamabanga-nshingwabikorwa-bimirenge |url-status=dead }}</ref> Abaturage bo muri aka gace bavuga ko abari abakozi ba Minisiteri icyo gihe yitwaga (MININTER) ‘Minisiteri y’Ubutegetsi bw’Igihugu n’Amajyambere ya Komini’, mu myaka ya za 1975 bajyaga mu muganda wo gutera ibiti bya Pinusi i Nyagasambu mu cyahoze ari [https://www.ikirundi.org/indirimbo/amajambo-y-indirimbo/n-i-nyagasambu-rirarema Komini Bicumbi]<ref>https://www.ikirundi.org/indirimbo/amajambo-y-indirimbo/n-i-nyagasambu-rirarema</ref> baturutse i Kigali. Mu minsi isanzwe itari iyo kujya ku muganda, birumvikana ko aba bakozi bajyaga guhahira mu masoko asanzwe yo muri Kigali, bakabwirwa ibiciro bihanitse ugereranyije n’iby’i Nyagasambu maze nabo bagasubiza ko n’i Nyagasambu rirema. Ni uko kuva icyo gihe kugeza ubu imvugo iba kimomo, [https://web.archive.org/web/20230616031400/https://ar.umuseke.rw/ni-nyagasambu-rirarema-gusa-ubu-riremera-ku-zuba-kuri-bamwe-nimvura-yagwa-bakaremura.hmtl iyo umuntu akwimye ikintu]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ar.umuseke.rw/ni-nyagasambu-rirarema-gusa-ubu-riremera-ku-zuba-kuri-bamwe-nimvura-yagwa-bakaremura.hmtl |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-06-07 |archive-date=2023-06-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616031400/https://ar.umuseke.rw/ni-nyagasambu-rirarema-gusa-ubu-riremera-ku-zuba-kuri-bamwe-nimvura-yagwa-bakaremura.hmtl |url-status=dead }}</ref> runaka cyangwa se iyo aguhenze, uramusubiza uti “N’inyagasambu rirarema.” == Reba aha == iysdbvkcb8op3rop2r1mqva0svcqe2x 0 17039 134022 97329 2026-07-22T14:42:07Z Igiraneza Divine 15375 Impinduka ntoya 134022 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Tripartite Free Trade Area.png|thumb|Ikarita igaragaza ibihugu bigize amasezerano y'ubutatu.]] '''Agace k'Ubucuruzi Bw’Ubutatu''' ( '''Tripartite Free Trade Area,''' '''TFTA''' ) ni amasezerano y’ubucuruzi ny'afurika ateganijwe hagati y’isoko rusange ry’Afurika y’iburasirazuba n’Amajyepfo ( COMESA ), [[Umuryango Ugamije Iterambere ry’Afurika y’amajyepfo|Umuryango w’iterambere ry’Afurika yepfo]] ( SADC ) n’umuryango [[Umuryango w’Ibihugu by’Iburasirazuba bw’Afurika|w’Afurika y’iburasirazuba]] ( EAC ). <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |last2= |first2= |date= |title=TRIPARTITE COOPERATION |url=http://www.sadc.int/about-sadc/continental-interregional-integration/tripartite-cooperation/ |access-date=14 March 2015 |website= |publisher=South African Development Community}}</ref> Ku ya 10 Kamena 2015, amasezerano yasinyiwe mu Misiri n'ibihugu byerekanwe hepfo (mu gihe hagitegerejwe kwemezwa n'inteko ishinga amategeko ). == Ibihugu == Ku ya 15 Kamena 2015, mu nama ya 25 y’umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Afurika Yabereye i Johannesburg, [[Afurika y’Epfo|muri Afurika yepfo]], hatangijwe imishyikirano yo gushyiraho akarere k’ubucuruzi n’ubucuruzi bw’umugabane wa Afurika ( CFTA ) bitarenze muri 2017, twizeraga ko ibihugu 54 bigize Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Afurika nk’abanyamuryango b’ubucuruzi bwisanzuye mu akarere. Urutonde : {| class="wikitable" !Igihugu ! Agace k'ubucuruzi muri iki gihe |- | Angola | [[Umuryango Ugamije Iterambere ry’Afurika y’amajyepfo|SADC]] |- | Botswana | [[Umuryango Ugamije Iterambere ry’Afurika y’amajyepfo|SADC]] |- | Burundi | COMESA & [[Umuryango w’Ibihugu by’Iburasirazuba bw’Afurika|EAC]] |- | Comoros | COMESA |- | Djibouti | COMESA |- | Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo | COMESA & [[Umuryango Ugamije Iterambere ry’Afurika y’amajyepfo|SADC]] |- | Misiri | COMESA |- | Eritereya | COMESA |- | Eswatini | COMESA & [[Umuryango Ugamije Iterambere ry’Afurika y’amajyepfo|SADC]] |- | Etiyopiya | COMESA |- | Kenya | COMESA & [[Umuryango w’Ibihugu by’Iburasirazuba bw’Afurika|EAC]] |- | Lesotho | [[Umuryango Ugamije Iterambere ry’Afurika y’amajyepfo|SADC]] |- | Libiya | COMESA |- | Madagasikari | COMESA & [[Umuryango Ugamije Iterambere ry’Afurika y’amajyepfo|SADC]] |- |Malawi | COMESA & [[Umuryango Ugamije Iterambere ry’Afurika y’amajyepfo|SADC]] |- | Maurice | COMESA & [[Umuryango Ugamije Iterambere ry’Afurika y’amajyepfo|SADC]] |- | Mozambique | [[Umuryango Ugamije Iterambere ry’Afurika y’amajyepfo|SADC]] |- | Namibiya | [[Umuryango Ugamije Iterambere ry’Afurika y’amajyepfo|SADC]] |- |Rwanda | COMESA & [[Umuryango w’Ibihugu by’Iburasirazuba bw’Afurika|EAC]] |- | Seychelles | COMESA & [[Umuryango Ugamije Iterambere ry’Afurika y’amajyepfo|SADC]] |- | Afurika y'Epfo | [[Umuryango Ugamije Iterambere ry’Afurika y’amajyepfo|SADC]] |- | Sudani y'Amajyepfo | [[Umuryango w’Ibihugu by’Iburasirazuba bw’Afurika|EAC]] |- | Sudani | COMESA |- | Tanzaniya | [[Umuryango Ugamije Iterambere ry’Afurika y’amajyepfo|SADC]] & [[Umuryango w’Ibihugu by’Iburasirazuba bw’Afurika|EAC]] |- | Uganda | COMESA & [[Umuryango w’Ibihugu by’Iburasirazuba bw’Afurika|EAC]] |- | Zambiya | COMESA & [[Umuryango Ugamije Iterambere ry’Afurika y’amajyepfo|SADC]] |- |Zimbabwe | COMESA & [[Umuryango Ugamije Iterambere ry’Afurika y’amajyepfo|SADC]] |} == AMASHAKIRO; == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * Official website (archived) [[Ikiciro:Ubucuruzi]] itei2cqmkfad73xgrpsr6qr4dzs44d3 0 17043 133953 123207 2026-07-22T00:13:28Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 133953 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''African IXP Association''' , cyangwa '''AFIX''', ni ihuriro ry’ingurane za interineti zikorera mu karere ka Afurika. <ref>{{Cite web |title=About the African IXP Association |url=http://www.af-ix.net/?q=about |access-date=2023-06-14 |archive-date=2023-10-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231023021442/https://www.af-ix.net/?q=about |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ni umuryango uyobowe n'abaturage ugamije guteza imbere inyungu z'abanyamuryango no kunoza imikoranire ku mugabane. AFIX ni umunyamuryango wa federasiyo yo guhanahana amakuru kuri interineti (IX-F). <ref>{{Cite web |title=About the IX-F |url=http://www.ix-f.net/about.html |access-date=2023-06-14 |archive-date=2023-10-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231023065509/https://www.ix-f.net/about.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kuba umunyamuryango muri AFIX ni ubuntu kandi amarembo aruguruye ku bantu bose bakoresha enterineti ya Exchange Points in Africa. [[Dosiye:Group Picture of Decolonising the Internet-East Africa convening 2.jpg|thumb|afria IXP association]] == Amateraniro == Ishyirahamwe nyafurika rya IXP risanzwe riterana buri mwaka mu ihuriro nyafurika ry’urungano n’umuhuza (AfPIF) kandi rimwe na rimwe riterana kabiri-buri mwaka mu nama nyafurika (AIS). == Reba kandi == * Urutonde rw'ingingo za interineti == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20230602004328/https://www.af-ix.net/ Ishyirahamwe Nyafurika IXP] [[Ikiciro:Interineti]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] 0ts8g972m35cfx71sgnoty8inkc3v3f 0 17307 133955 120600 2026-07-22T01:05:53Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 133955 wikitext text/x-wiki == Annet Mugabo == Izina Annet Mugabo ni izina ritari rishya mu mattwi y'abanyarwanda bose cyane cyyane cyane abatuye mu [[Rwanda]] ni<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/67184/umuhanzi-gisa-yatandukanye-n-umunyamakuru-annet-mugabo-ashin-67184.html</ref> izina rymenyekanye cyane mu biganiro bya siporo mu [[Rwanda]] Annet Mugabo ni umunyarwandakazi umaze imyaka isaga icumi (10) mu itangaza makuru rya Sport<ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/imikino/article/uko-yaraye-muri-stade-muri-qatar-ruswa-y-igitsina-n-imyambarire-ivugisha-benshi</ref> == Umwihariko == Annet Mugabo ni umwe mubanyamakuru bo mu [[Rwanda]] babashije kwitabira igikombe kisi Giheruka kubera mu gihugu ca [[Katari|Qatar]] cyabayye mu mwaka ushize wa 2022 cyegukanyywe n'ikipe yya [[Arijantine|Argentine]] Annet Mugabo amaze ukwezi kurenga i [[Doha]] aho yarimo akurikiranira hafi igikombe k ISI<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://yegob.rw/umunyamakuru-annet-mugabo-wa-radiotv10-yageze-muri-qatar-aho-agiye-kwitabira-igikombe-cyisi-gusa-ubushyuhe-bwicyo-gihugu-bamwemejevidewo/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-08-02 |archive-date=2023-08-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802092939/https://yegob.rw/umunyamakuru-annet-mugabo-wa-radiotv10-yageze-muri-qatar-aho-agiye-kwitabira-igikombe-cyisi-gusa-ubushyuhe-bwicyo-gihugu-bamwemejevidewo/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Imirimo ye == Annet Mugabo yabanje kwimenyereza umwuga kuri Radio Isango Star mu mwaka wa 2013 nyuma yaho aza kwerekeza muri Radio 10 mumwaka wa 2014 kugeza muri 2016 aza gusezera ajya guomeza amasomo ye nubwo bitamuhiriye ahubwo akagaruka gukorera Radio 10 ari naho agikorera umwuga we w'itangazamakuru. nk'umurimo yakundaga kuva mubwana bwe. == Reba == oet9qhutigqkz73l5em88iqwte3haok 0 17333 134042 124402 2026-07-22T15:58:46Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 134042 wikitext text/x-wiki == Usanase Anitha Dolton == Usanase Anitha Dalton ni umukobwa ukiri muto wamenyekanye cyane mu gufata amashusho y'ikipe ya [[Rayon Sports Women Football Club|Reyon sport]] hano mu [[Rwanda]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://kura.rw/rw/abakobwa-bari-inyuma-yamashusho-namafoto-akeye-aryoshya-siporo-yu-rwanda/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-08-07 |archive-date=2024-05-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240530001756/https://kura.rw/rw/abakobwa-bari-inyuma-yamashusho-namafoto-akeye-aryoshya-siporo-yu-rwanda/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Uburambe n'imirimo == Anitha Dalton ni umufotozi wabigize umwuga amaze imyaka isaga itandatu akora aka kazi ni umukobwa ukiri muto ufotora ikipe y[[Rayon sports fc|a Reyon Sport]] <ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/imikino/article/ntibagoheka-mu-guhihibikanira-iterambere-ryayo-abanyamakurukazi-bari-muri</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://yegob.rw/rayon-sports-yabonye-gafotozi-mushya-wumukobwa-usimbura-renzaho-inashyiraho-team-manager-mushya-usimbura-nkubana-adrien/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-08-07 |archive-date=2023-08-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230807135831/https://yegob.rw/rayon-sports-yabonye-gafotozi-mushya-wumukobwa-usimbura-renzaho-inashyiraho-team-manager-mushya-usimbura-nkubana-adrien/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Inama n'akamaro == Anitha Dalton avugako uyumwuga wo gufotora ari umwuga wagutunga nubwo sosiyete nyarwanda ikibifata nk'ibidashobotse kugitsina gore mu [[Rwanda]]. ngo uretse kwihangana no kwiga ibishya burimunsi ntayindi ntwaro watsindisha. == Amashakiro == 4qanlx9jtfkcmioij7sahp9x9pepl6a 0 17355 133972 104488 2026-07-22T08:15:37Z Score Beethoven 11559 133972 wikitext text/x-wiki Umurenge wa Mwiri ndetse n'uwa Murundi ni imwe mu mirenge y'icyahoze ari urweya rw'umubali wa Kabeja nk'uko amateka abivuga. [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Kayonza]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda]] nb46h0njecah4vddsno9mqs7e1lss9m 0 17372 133897 127240 2026-07-20T21:58:59Z Clemy Keza 18414 Amakosa y’imyandikire. 133897 wikitext text/x-wiki == Akabanga == [[Dosiye:ASC Leiden - Rwanda 2021 - 110 - A hotel table with a bottle of Akabanga Chili Oil - Kigali.jpg|thumb|Urusenda Akabanga]] Akabanga ni bimwe mu bicuruzwa bya "Entreprise" Urwibutso cyangwa bakunze kwita kwa Nyirangarama. Habarizwa mu [[Akarere ka Rulindo|karere ka Rulindo]] mu Ntara y'Amajyaruguru mu gihugu cy'u [[Rwanda]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://murukali.com/products/akabanga-250ml |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-08-21 |archive-date=2023-08-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230821075403/https://murukali.com/products/akabanga-250ml |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Akabanga ni iki? == Akabanga ni urusenda bongera mu byo kurya. Kubarukoresha ni urusenda bokera mu mavuta. Abarurya bavuga ko ari urusenda rw'umwimerere. == Reba == 9jnc4joyarv7ijf1fsb7ex9slma7v2k 0 17444 134020 105364 2026-07-22T14:41:52Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 134020 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Umurenge wa Nyarugenge''' mu [[Akarere ka Bugesera|karere ka Bugesera]] witiriranwa n'undi wa Nyarugenge uri mu mujyi wa [[Kigali]], uri kuri Km60 uvuye Kigali Rondpoint. Umurenge wa Nyarugenge ya Bugesera uhana imbibi n'uwa [[Umurenge wa Ruhuha|Ruhuha]], [[Umurenge wa Mareba|Mareba]] na [[Umurenge wa Shyara|Shyara]], uwa [[Umurenge wa Busoro|Busoro]] wo mu [[Akarere ka Nyanza|karere ka Nyanza]], intara y'Amajyepfo, unyuze ku cyambu cya Rwabusoro, n'igihugu cy'[[Uburundi|uBurundi]] hakurya y'[[Ikiyaga cya Cohoha|ikiyaga cya Cyohoha sud]]. Ni umurenge munini cyane kandi ufite ibyiza byinshi by'ubukerarugendo, harimo nk'umuhanda uhuza intara y'uBurasirazuba n'iy'Amajyepfo, agasozi ka Ngoma kahoze ari ingoro y'Abami b'uBugesera bitwaga Nsoro, ubuhinzi bw'umuceri buhambaye n'amacumbi meza yakira abakora ubukerarurugendo mpuzabantu (Social Tourism in Rwanda) == Imiyoboro == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20240502214410/https://www.bugesera.gov.rw/default-05333b7a14 ''Menya Bugesera'']. ''bugesera.gov.rw'' [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Bugesera]] 3l02k9mgwq5kq7y26ho865ddmy49y5e 0 17484 134015 121303 2026-07-22T14:40:26Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 134015 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Umurenge wa kigabiro''' ni umwe mumirenge igize akarere ka [[Akarere ka Rwamagana|Rwamagana]]. ukaba uherereye mu ntara y' [[Intara y’Iburasirazuba|iburasirazuba]]<ref>[https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubukungu/iterambere/Kigabiro-Urubyiruko-rwungutse-igishoro-cy-ibikoresho-by-imyuga ''Kigabiro: Urubyiruko rwungutse igishoro cy’ibikoresho by’imyuga''], 14-02-2015, [[Kigali Today]]</ref>. Umurenge wa kigabiro uyoborwa n' Umunyamabanga nshingwabikorwa witwa RUSHIMISHA Marc. Umurenge wa kigabiro w' ubatsemo [https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/gare-ya-rwamagana-irimo-na-internet-yatashywe-nyuma-yo-gutwara-asaga-miliyoni gare] igezweho yakarere ka [[Rwamagana]] Kandi nihohubatsemo Ibirobyakarereka Rwamagana Mumurengew'a[[kigabiro]] Dusangamo Ikibugabakoreraho ibizamini byuruhushya Rwaburundu Rwogutwara ibinyabiziga [[Dosiye:RWAMAGANA Coffee Monument.jpg|thumb|kigabiro]] AMASHAKIRO<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20230616031406/https://www.rwamagana.gov.rw/akarere/abanyamabanga-nshingwabikorwa-bimirenge Imirenge n'Utugari], rwamagana.gov.rw</ref> == Inyandiko zifashishijwe == [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Rwamagana]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda]] <references />uyu murenge wa KIGABIRO ugizwe nutugari dutanu(5): # nyagasenyi # sibagire # sovu # cyanya # bwiza.<ref>https://muhaziyacu.rw/ingenzi/umuhinde-rwamagana-yubatse-ikigo-cyishuri-agiha-akarere/</ref> s5ew9uhyipapkublmnht24unfqdojdl 0 17486 133918 131130 2026-07-21T17:59:11Z Score Beethoven 11559 133918 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Rwamagana district Economy.jpg|thumb|143x143px|Ikibumbano gisobanura ubukungu n’iterambere mu Karere ka Rwamagana.]] '''Umurenge wa Gishari''' ni umwe mu [[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|mirenge]] igize [[Akarere ka Rwamagana]], mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]] bw’u [[Rwanda]].<ref>[https://www.geonames.org/11186794/gishali.html « Gishali »], ''GeoNames'', yasuwe ku wa 21 Nyakanga 2026.</ref> == Ubuyobozi == Umurenge wa Gishari uyoborwa n’umunyamabanga nshingwabikorwa Ntwari Emmanuel.<ref name="rwamagana">[https://www.rwamagana.gov.rw/akarere/abanyamabanga-nshingwabikorwa-bimirenge « Imirenge n’Utugari »], ''Akarere ka Rwamagana'', yasuwe ku wa 21 Nyakanga 2026.</ref> == Imiterere y’ubuyobozi == Umurenge wa Gishari ugizwe n’utugari turindwi: * Kavumu; * Binunga; * [[Akagari ka Bwinsanga|Bwinsanga]]; * Kinyana; * Gati; * Ruhunda; * Ruhimbi.<ref name="rwamagana"/> Icyicaro cy’Umurenge wa Gishari giherereye mu Kagari ka Ruhimbi. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Rwamagana]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda]] dq92nm0065z0r8u30j61e4lfti42nws 133919 133918 2026-07-21T18:04:06Z Score Beethoven 11559 133919 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Rwamagana district Economy.jpg|thumb|143x143px|Ikibumbano gisobanura ubukungu n’iterambere mu Karere ka Rwamagana.]] '''Umurenge wa Gishari''' ni umwe mu [[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|mirenge]] igize [[Akarere ka Rwamagana]], mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]] bw’u [[Rwanda]].<ref>[https://www.geonames.org/11186794/gishali.html « Gishali »], ''GeoNames'', yasuwe ku wa 21 Nyakanga 2026.</ref> == Ubuyobozi == Umurenge wa Gishari uyoborwa n’umunyamabanga nshingwabikorwa Ntwari Emmanuel.<ref name="rwamagana">[https://www.rwamagana.gov.rw/akarere/abanyamabanga-nshingwabikorwa-bimirenge « Imirenge n’Utugari »], ''Akarere ka Rwamagana'', yasuwe ku wa 21 Nyakanga 2026.</ref> == Imiterere y’ubuyobozi == Umurenge wa Gishari ugizwe na selile zirindwi (7): Kavumu, Binunga, Bwinsanga, Kinyana, Gati, Ruhunda, na Ruhimbi. Icyicaro cy’umurenge giherereye mu kagari ka Ruhimbi, gafite ibikorwa remezo nka sitasiyo ya polisi n’ishuri rya Bella Flowers. Imirimo irakomeje, harimo no kubaka umuhanda uhuza Kwakarangara na Ikavumu, ahari ishuri ry’indabyo rya Bella (Indabo). Muri uyu murenge kandi harimo ishuri rya GS St. Poul Gishari, riherereye mu kagari ka Bwinsanga hafi ya sitasiyo ya polisi, ndetse n’ishuri rya GS Saint Robert Ruhunda, riherereye mu kagari ka Kabinunga<ref name="rwamagana" />. Umurenge wa Gishari ugizwe n’utugari turindwi: * Kavumu; * Binunga; * [[Akagari ka Bwinsanga|Bwinsanga]]; * Kinyana; * Gati; * Ruhunda; * Ruhimbi.<ref name="rwamagana"/> Icyicaro cy’Umurenge wa Gishari giherereye mu Kagari ka Ruhimbi. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Rwamagana]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda]] clrvradidgdrkegoq4wuv6bwbawen6k 134014 133919 2026-07-22T14:39:50Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 134014 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Rwamagana district Economy.jpg|thumb|143x143px|Ikibumbano gisobanura ubukungu n’iterambere mu Karere ka Rwamagana.]] '''Umurenge wa Gishari''' ni umwe mu [[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|mirenge]] igize [[Akarere ka Rwamagana]], mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]] bw’u [[Rwanda]].<ref>[https://www.geonames.org/11186794/gishali.html « Gishali »], ''GeoNames'', yasuwe ku wa 21 Nyakanga 2026.</ref> == Ubuyobozi == Umurenge wa Gishari uyoborwa n’umunyamabanga nshingwabikorwa Ntwari Emmanuel.<ref name="rwamagana">[https://web.archive.org/web/20230616031406/https://www.rwamagana.gov.rw/akarere/abanyamabanga-nshingwabikorwa-bimirenge « Imirenge n’Utugari »], ''Akarere ka Rwamagana'', yasuwe ku wa 21 Nyakanga 2026.</ref> == Imiterere y’ubuyobozi == Umurenge wa Gishari ugizwe na selile zirindwi (7): Kavumu, Binunga, Bwinsanga, Kinyana, Gati, Ruhunda, na Ruhimbi. Icyicaro cy’umurenge giherereye mu kagari ka Ruhimbi, gafite ibikorwa remezo nka sitasiyo ya polisi n’ishuri rya Bella Flowers. Imirimo irakomeje, harimo no kubaka umuhanda uhuza Kwakarangara na Ikavumu, ahari ishuri ry’indabyo rya Bella (Indabo). Muri uyu murenge kandi harimo ishuri rya GS St. Poul Gishari, riherereye mu kagari ka Bwinsanga hafi ya sitasiyo ya polisi, ndetse n’ishuri rya GS Saint Robert Ruhunda, riherereye mu kagari ka Kabinunga<ref name="rwamagana" />. Umurenge wa Gishari ugizwe n’utugari turindwi: * Kavumu; * Binunga; * [[Akagari ka Bwinsanga|Bwinsanga]]; * Kinyana; * Gati; * Ruhunda; * Ruhimbi.<ref name="rwamagana"/> Icyicaro cy’Umurenge wa Gishari giherereye mu Kagari ka Ruhimbi. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Rwamagana]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda]] dawwtvgnsl8arh5t8j67h5l8hw0sa6o 0 17760 133907 109754 2026-07-21T12:56:50Z CommonsDelinker 88 Replacing Peter_Gendron,_Toledo,_Ohio_(approximately_1888)_-_DPLA_-_bc640c51e8f9d641fa53ee66477a34d3.jpg with [[File:Peter_Gendron,_Toledo,_Ohio_(approximately_1888)_-_DPLA_-_fa4f0f64f999c5509a1ec4be4c608770.jpg]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDeli 133907 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Peter Gendron, Toledo, Ohio (approximately 1888) - DPLA - fa4f0f64f999c5509a1ec4be4c608770.jpg|thumb|Peter Gendron washinze Gendron, Inc.]] Gendron ''',''' '''Inc.''' ni isosiyete y'abanyamerika ukora ibikoresho by'abamugaye, ibitanda by'ibitaro, n'ibindi bikoresho by'ubuvuzi biherereye i Bryan, Ohio <ref name="blade">[http://toledoblade.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20080520/COLUMNIST02/805200361 Better wheel invented in Toledo blazed path toward autos], Homer Brickey, ''[[Toledo Blade]]'', 20 May 2008 (retrieved 14 September 2010)</ref> == Amateka == Isosiyete ya Gendron Iron Wheel yashinzwe muri 1872 i Toledo, muri Leta ya Ohio muri Amerika, ishingwa na Peter Gendron (wavutse muri 1844-1910). <ref name="blade">[http://toledoblade.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20080520/COLUMNIST02/805200361 Better wheel invented in Toledo blazed path toward autos], Homer Brickey, ''[[Toledo Blade]]'', 20 May 2008 (retrieved 14 September 2010)</ref> Gendron yabanje gukora amapine y'insinga z'imodoka. Muri 1890, amapine y'amagare, amapikipiki, intebe, amagare y’abana, <ref name="trifetish">[https://web.archive.org/web/20180819222644/https://www.tricyclefetish.com/gendron.php Gendron], Tricycle Fetish (archived 19 August 2018)</ref> y’ibipupe, amapine ya kwasteri, n'ayabamugaye, <ref>[http://www.caranddriver.com/reviews/comparisons/00q4/cars_for_kids-comparison_tests/pedal_car_classics_gendron_pioneer_roadster_page_3 Pedal Car Classics Gendron Pioneer Roadster - Comparison Tests], Brad Nevin, ''[[Car and Driver]]'', December 2000 (retrieved 14 September 2010)</ref> Muri 1927, Gendron yabaye ishami ry'igihugu cy'Amerika . Umunyamerika washinzwe isosiyete ifasha ibigo bitatu: Toledo Metal Wheel, National Wheel, na American Wheel. <ref name="trifetish">[https://web.archive.org/web/20180819222644/https://www.tricyclefetish.com/gendron.php Gendron], Tricycle Fetish (archived 19 August 2018)</ref> Ibicuruzwa by'Abanyamerika, Toledo, na Gendron byagurishijwe ku mazina y'ubucuruzi ya Pioneer, Skippy, Express, Reliance, Hi-Speed, Hi-Way, Umuvuduko wihuta, Blue Streak, Sampson, na Streamline. <ref name="trifetish" /> [[Dosiye:Peter Gendron House vertical.jpg|thumb|Inzu ya Gengron]] Mu mpera za 1930, Igihugu cy'amerika yagize ibibazo byamafaranga. Muri 1941, umutungo n'uburenganzira bwose ku murongo w'ibicuruzwa byaguzwe n'itsinda ry'inganda za Toledo ziyobowe na Walter H. Diemer, wahoze ari Perezida wa Amerika . Aho isosiyete nshya yashinzwe nka sosiyete ya '''Gendron Wheel Company''' yimukira i Perrysburg, muri Leta ya Ohio . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Front and Center |url=https://www.utoledo.edu/library/virtualexhibitions/dvx/ctrpc_gendron.html}}</ref> Isosiyete yateguwe na " gukora, gutumiza mu mahanga, kohereza mu mahanga, kugura, kugurisha, no muri rusange mu igare ry’ibimuga, ibikoresho byo gukoresha n’ibindi byorohereza abana bato ". <ref name="trifetish">[https://web.archive.org/web/20180819222644/https://www.tricyclefetish.com/gendron.php Gendron], Tricycle Fetish (archived 19 August 2018)</ref> Muri iki gihe Gendron , Inc. kuri ubu ikora nk'isosiyete yo gucunga abarwayi igendanwa yo gutwara, kuvura ihahamuka, gufata amashusho, abarwaye ibibari, ndetse n'uburyo bwihariye <ref name="trifetish">[https://web.archive.org/web/20180819222644/https://www.tricyclefetish.com/gendron.php Gendron], Tricycle Fetish (archived 19 August 2018)</ref> == Reba == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ubumuga]] fycb8x4de3zpr7wmrqcmsok918qankw 0 17794 133859 132099 2026-07-20T14:34:12Z Igiraneza Divine 15375 Impinduka ntoya 133859 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Wheelchair rugby classification.jpg|thumb|Wheelchair Rugby|283x283px]] [[Dosiye:Wheelchair rugby 191020d3.jpg|thumb|Wheelchair rugby game]] Umukino w'anyuma w'igikombe cyisi cyo muri 2021 cy'ababana numuga muri Rugby League yari umwe mu mikino itatu yanyuma y'igikombe cy'isi cya 2021 cya Rugby League ( cyasubitswe kandi kiba muri 2022). Yakiniwe ahitwa i Manchester Central Convention Complex i Manchester ku ya 18 Ugushyingo 2022, ejobundi haba umukino wa nyuma w’abagabo n’abagore . <ref name="Fixtures">{{Cite web |date=19 November 2022 |title=Rugby League World Cup 2021 {{!}} Schedule |url=https://www.rlwc2021.com/schedule |access-date=22 July 2020 |website=www.rlwc2021.com |archive-date=22 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200722011744/https://www.rlwc2021.com/schedule |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ubwongereza bwatsinze Ubufaransa muri 28-24 kugira ngo butware igikombe cya kabiri. == Amavu n'amavuko == Ubwongereza n'Ubufaransa niyo ma kipe abiri yashyizwe ku mwanya wa mbere muri IRL Wheelchair ya World Rankings yagize mu irushanwa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=12 June 2020 |title=Inaugural Wheelchair Rugby League World Rankings revealed |url=https://www.rugby-league.com/article/56843/inaugural-wheelchair-rugby-league-world-rankings-revealed |access-date=19 November 2022 |website=www.rugby-league.com |publisher=RFL}}</ref> Bari mu matsinda atandukanye ku mikino yo mu matsinda. Ubwongereza bwatsinze irushanwa rya mbere muri 2008, Ubufaransa bwatsinze Ubwongereza ku mukino wa nyuma n'andi marushanwa abiri muri 2013 na 2017. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2022-11-18 |title=England edge out France to win Wheelchair Rugby League World Cup |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2022/nov/18/england-edge-out-france-to-win-wheelchair-rugby-league-world-cup |access-date=19 November 2022 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> == Inzira ijya ku mukino wa nyuma == Ubufaransa n'Ubwongereza byombi byatsinze amatsinda amanota atatu, buri wese yatsinze imikino itatu yose yo mu matsinda. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Wheelchair Rugby League World Cup 2021 |url=https://www.rlwc2021.com/tournament/wheelchair-tournament |access-date=19 November 2022 |website=www.rlwc2021.com |archive-date=10 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221110171923/https://www.rlwc2021.com/tournament/wheelchair-tournament |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ubufaransa bwatsinze kimwe cya kabiri kirangiza na Ositaraliya n'amanota arenga 40, mu gihe Ubwongereza bwatsinze ubwabwo na Walesi amanota arenga 100 mu mukino yabahuje. == Umukino == == Kohereza umukino == [[Dosiye:England_wheelchair_rugby_league_team_celebrating_at_Old_Trafford.jpg|thumb| Ikipe y'Ubwongereza yishimira intsinzi y'igikombe cyisi kuri Old Trafford]] == AMASHAKIRO; == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] k8als650nz651kqpbmwrvn8bd9jbljb 0 18056 134033 120662 2026-07-22T15:18:17Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 134033 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Inside of Rwanda cultural house.jpg|thumb|igisenge]] '''Urusenge''' ni igice cy'inzu ya kinyarwanda, aho urugenge rwakundaga kuba mu igikoni , inzu batekeragamo, aho wasanga munsi y'urusenge hari iziko cyangwa se ishyiga bacanagaho , maze hakazamukira umuriro , ariwo watumaga ibintu byose biri kurusenge bitangirika, nk'inyama z'imiranzi, ibigori, nibidi. == Uko rukoze == Urusenge twabaga rukoze mu nibiti bigiye bitambitse bigenda bikinjira mu gikuta cy'inzu, ndetse nabyo bikaba biziritseho imbariro cyangwa se imbigo bikomeye bituma ibyo bashyize hejuru yabyo bitagwa.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://yegob.rw/mbega-ikigare-tugenderamo-dore-ubusobanuro-bwo-kubaka-inzu-zifite-urusenge-rurerure-kadasiteri/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-03-19 |archive-date=2024-03-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240319140229/https://yegob.rw/mbega-ikigare-tugenderamo-dore-ubusobanuro-bwo-kubaka-inzu-zifite-urusenge-rurerure-kadasiteri/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Umuco]] byg6vxcwqg0hlpsqa0kuwl11wx9h2pc 0 18251 133994 104256 2026-07-22T10:09:10Z Igiraneza Divine 15375 Impinduka ntoya 133994 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Izere Santhiana''' ni umugore akaba ari [[Rwanda|umunyarwandakazi]] mu gukina imikono igiye itandukanye harimo imikini y'amaboko, yakiniye ikipe agiye atandukanye ubu akinira ikipe ya RP-IPRC Huye Women mu marushanwa agiye atandukanye. Yakinnye shampiyona y’igihugu ya Basketball I tegurwa [[FERWAFA|FERWABA]], Ishyirahamwe rya Basketball mu Rwanda, ndetse n'ibindi bikombe bitandukanye harimo igikombe cy'amahoro, igikombe cya gaciro, n' igikombe gitegurwa na FIBA Women's AfroBasket. Yitabiriye amarushanwa agiye atandukanye ku rwego rwa Afurika nki rushanwa ry'imikino ya shampion league mu mukino wa basketball y'[[Umugore|abagore]]. Ni umukinnyi w'ikipe y'igihugu yabasketball y'abagore y'u Rwanda .<ref>https://ferwaba.web.geniussports.com/competitions/?WHurl=%2Fcompetition%2F37985%2Fleaders</ref> == AMASHAKIRO; == [[Ikiciro:Siporo]] [[Ikiciro:Siporo ya basketball]] tf9dh3wbd4sixz7l5hzfj4ffyrumlzj 0 18413 134004 112575 2026-07-22T13:52:21Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 134004 wikitext text/x-wiki Akarere ka [[Rwamagana Fc|Rwamagana]], ubwako gafite umuvuduko mwinshi mu iterambere kandi ibikorwa by’iterambere ntibisiba kuhakwirakwizwa.  Imihanda ikomeje gukorwa neza ku buryo ubuhahirane bworoshye ku buryo bwose bushoboka. Ibi bituma imari wahashora yose yakunguka kandi igatera imbere. Bimwe mu byo ushobora gushoramo imari muri kano karere ni ibi bikurikira;Akarere ka Rwamagana gafite ibiyaga bibiri biharaze ubwiza nyaburanga. Kuri ibyo biyaga hamaze kugera aho kwiyakiririra yaba amahoteli cyangwa Moteli (Hotels&Motels) ku buryo baba abashaka kuharuhukira cyangwa abashaka kuhakorera amahugurwa n’izindi nama basubijwe. Gusa ibibanza biracyahari, bityo abifuza gushora imari mu bukerarugendo mukaba mushonje muhishiwe. Ntimutegereze kuzaza ibihebuje barabimaze, naho ubwiza bwo ni ubwa byose. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.rwamagana.gov.rw/default-e9d7c2d4f1 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-05-17 |archive-date=2023-12-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231218135359/https://www.rwamagana.gov.rw/default-e9d7c2d4f1 |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Dosiye:Rwamagamana.jpg|thumb|Rwamagamana]] [[Dosiye:Lake_Muhazi_part_of_Rwamagana.jpg|thumb|Lake Muhazi part of Rwamagana]] [[Dosiye:Muhazi_Rwamagana_At_evening_View.jpg|thumb|Muhazi Rwamagana ]] [[Dosiye:Rwamagana.jpg|thumb|Rwamagana]] f6bzqqfwrlaylzutzqo9ol61uztlty4 0 18416 134018 121296 2026-07-22T14:41:18Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 134018 wikitext text/x-wiki * [[Umurenge wa mwurire]] umurenge wa Mwurire uherereye mu karerer ka rwamagana ukaba uhana imbibi n'umirenge Gishali,Munyiginya,Rubona ,Musha,ndetse na .kigabiro ==== UYUMURENGE UGIZWE NU TUGARI DUTANDATU: ==== * bushenyi * mwulire * ntunga * bicumbi.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20230616031406/https://www.rwamagana.gov.rw/akarere/abanyamabanga-nshingwabikorwa-bimirenge Imirenge n'Utugari] rwamagana.gov.rw</ref> * AMASHAKIRO == Inyandiko zifashishijwe == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Rwamagana]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda]] 0skkbfcwfa23rl6krsn2fhdj7zwz8bu 0 18440 133945 129702 2026-07-21T22:32:26Z Score Beethoven 11559 133945 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Umurenge wa Musha''' ni umwe mu mirenge 14 igize [[Akarere ka Rwamagana]], mu [[Intara y’Iburasirazuba]] y’u Rwanda. Ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro, cyane cyane amabati na tantale, buri mu bikorwa by’ubukungu bikorerwa muri uyu murenge. == Imiterere y’ubuyobozi == Umurenge wa Musha ugizwe n’utugari dutandatu: * Akabare; * Budahanda; * Kagarama; * Musha; * Nyabisindu; * Nyakabanda.<ref>[https://www.rwamagana.gov.rw/akarere/abanyamabanga-nshingwabikorwa-bimirenge « Imirenge n’Utugari »], Akarere ka Rwamagana.</ref> Umurenge uhana imbibi n’imirenge ya Murambi, Munyiginya, Mwulire, Gahengeri na Fumbwe. == Abaturage == Mu ibarura rusange ry’abaturage n’imiturire ryo mu 2012, Umurenge wa Musha wari utuwe n’abaturage 21.145. Mu 2022, abaturage bari bageze kuri 27.525, barimo abagore 14.316 n’abagabo 13.209.<ref name="abaturage">[https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/rwamagana/5109__musha/ « Musha (Sector, Rwanda) »], ''City Population'', hashingiwe ku mibare y’Ikigo cy’Igihugu cy’Ibarurishamibare cy’u Rwanda.</ref> Muri abo baturage, 25.918 bari batuye mu bice by’icyaro naho 1.607 bakaba bari batuye mu bice by’umujyi.<ref name="abaturage" /> == Ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro == Mu Murenge wa Musha habarizwa ibirombe bya Musha bicukurwamo cyane cyane amabati na tantale. Ibyo birombe biri mu ruhushya rw’ubucukuzi rufite ubuso bwa hegitari 6.094 kandi biherereye ku birometero hafi 45 uvuye i Kigali.<ref name="Trinity">[https://trinity-metals.com/en/projects/musha-mine « Trinity Musha Mines »], Trinity Metals.</ref> Trinity Metals, ikigo gikoresha ibyo birombe, gitangaza ko Musha ari cyo kirombe cya kabiri gitanga amabati menshi mu Rwanda nyuma y’icya Rutongo. Ikirombe gitanga toni z’amabati ziri hagati ya 30 na 40 buri kwezi kandi kigaha akazi abantu barenga 2.200.<ref name="Trinity" /> Mu 2025, hatangajwe gahunda yo kongera ubushobozi bw’uruganda rutunganya amabuye acukurwa muri Musha no gutangira gucukura tantale ku rugero rwagutse.<ref>[https://www.rwandainzimbabwe.gov.rw/actualites/info-details/trinity-metals-plans-100m-investment-in-rwanda-mineral-operations « Trinity Metals plans $100m investment in Rwanda mineral operations »], Ambasade y’u Rwanda muri Zimbabwe.</ref> Ubucukuzi butemewe na bwo bwagiye butera impanuka muri uyu murenge. Mu 2017, Polisi y’u Rwanda yasabye abaturage kwirinda kwinjira mu birombe nta ruhushya cyangwa ibikoresho by’umutekano.<ref>[https://police.gov.rw/media/news-detail/news/police-warns-against-illegal-mining-as-one-dies-in-rwamagana/ « Police warns against illegal mining as one dies in Rwamagana »], Polisi y’u Rwanda, 18 Werurwe 2017.</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Rwamagana|Musha]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Musha]] eucxx4uiydiv31l4582iq5r422k5k29 134017 133945 2026-07-22T14:41:17Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 134017 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Umurenge wa Musha''' ni umwe mu mirenge 14 igize [[Akarere ka Rwamagana]], mu [[Intara y’Iburasirazuba]] y’u Rwanda. Ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro, cyane cyane amabati na tantale, buri mu bikorwa by’ubukungu bikorerwa muri uyu murenge. == Imiterere y’ubuyobozi == Umurenge wa Musha ugizwe n’utugari dutandatu: * Akabare; * Budahanda; * Kagarama; * Musha; * Nyabisindu; * Nyakabanda.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20230616031406/https://www.rwamagana.gov.rw/akarere/abanyamabanga-nshingwabikorwa-bimirenge « Imirenge n’Utugari »], Akarere ka Rwamagana.</ref> Umurenge uhana imbibi n’imirenge ya Murambi, Munyiginya, Mwulire, Gahengeri na Fumbwe. == Abaturage == Mu ibarura rusange ry’abaturage n’imiturire ryo mu 2012, Umurenge wa Musha wari utuwe n’abaturage 21.145. Mu 2022, abaturage bari bageze kuri 27.525, barimo abagore 14.316 n’abagabo 13.209.<ref name="abaturage">[https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/rwamagana/5109__musha/ « Musha (Sector, Rwanda) »], ''City Population'', hashingiwe ku mibare y’Ikigo cy’Igihugu cy’Ibarurishamibare cy’u Rwanda.</ref> Muri abo baturage, 25.918 bari batuye mu bice by’icyaro naho 1.607 bakaba bari batuye mu bice by’umujyi.<ref name="abaturage" /> == Ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro == Mu Murenge wa Musha habarizwa ibirombe bya Musha bicukurwamo cyane cyane amabati na tantale. Ibyo birombe biri mu ruhushya rw’ubucukuzi rufite ubuso bwa hegitari 6.094 kandi biherereye ku birometero hafi 45 uvuye i Kigali.<ref name="Trinity">[https://trinity-metals.com/en/projects/musha-mine « Trinity Musha Mines »], Trinity Metals.</ref> Trinity Metals, ikigo gikoresha ibyo birombe, gitangaza ko Musha ari cyo kirombe cya kabiri gitanga amabati menshi mu Rwanda nyuma y’icya Rutongo. Ikirombe gitanga toni z’amabati ziri hagati ya 30 na 40 buri kwezi kandi kigaha akazi abantu barenga 2.200.<ref name="Trinity" /> Mu 2025, hatangajwe gahunda yo kongera ubushobozi bw’uruganda rutunganya amabuye acukurwa muri Musha no gutangira gucukura tantale ku rugero rwagutse.<ref>[https://www.rwandainzimbabwe.gov.rw/actualites/info-details/trinity-metals-plans-100m-investment-in-rwanda-mineral-operations « Trinity Metals plans $100m investment in Rwanda mineral operations »], Ambasade y’u Rwanda muri Zimbabwe.</ref> Ubucukuzi butemewe na bwo bwagiye butera impanuka muri uyu murenge. Mu 2017, Polisi y’u Rwanda yasabye abaturage kwirinda kwinjira mu birombe nta ruhushya cyangwa ibikoresho by’umutekano.<ref>[https://police.gov.rw/media/news-detail/news/police-warns-against-illegal-mining-as-one-dies-in-rwamagana/ « Police warns against illegal mining as one dies in Rwamagana »], Polisi y’u Rwanda, 18 Werurwe 2017.</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Rwamagana|Musha]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Musha]] nk302u5rj95knnlpzufplxf0xnuevm5 0 18447 133959 105703 2026-07-22T04:49:22Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 133959 wikitext text/x-wiki Akarere ka Rwamagana, ubwako gafite umuvuduko mwinshi mu iterambere kandi ibikorwa by’iterambere ntibisiba kuhakwirakwizwa. Imihanda ikomeje gukorwa neza ku buryo ubuhahirane bworoshye ku buryo bwose bushoboka. Ibi bituma imari wahashora yose yakunguka kandi igatera imbere. Bimwe mu byo ushobora gushoramo imari muri kano karere ni ibi bikurikira:1)ISOKO cyijyambere rihererye mumurenge wa kigabiro mumugi waRwamagana ririkuvugururwa kugira ngo ribe rijyanye n’igihe tugezemo, bityo ubucuruzi buzajya bukorerwamo bukorwe nta muvundo kandi bwujuje ubuziranenge.Iri soko rikazahabwa inyubako nshyashya zigezweho n’ibyumba byinshi bibereye ubucuruzi 2)Inganda; Hari igice kinini cyaziteganyirijwe (industrial zone). Kugeza ubu inyinshi zaruzuye kandi zirakora neza. Aha twavuga nk’urukora fer a beteau, n’izindi zitandukanye kandi umwanya mugari wo kubakamo inganda uracyahari uhagije ku buryo abashoramari mu nganda bagifite amahirwe menshi yo kubona ibibanza. 3)Agakiriro;Aha ni ahazajya hashakirwa ibikoresho byose by’ubwubatsi ndetse n’ibijyanye n’ububaji. Ibyiciro 2 (Phase I&II) by’aagikiriro bimaze kubakwa kandi birakora neza, ariko kubaka ibindi byiciro biracyakomeje. 4)Stade yimikino ngorora mubiri;Mu mishinga iri hafi gushyirwa mu bikorwa, imyidagaduro ntiyibagiranye. Mu karere ka Rwamagana hakaba hazubakwa stade mpuzamahanga.[https://web.archive.org/web/20231218135359/https://www.rwamagana.gov.rw/default-e9d7c2d4f1 5] (5) amahoteri aherereye iruhande rw'ikiyaga cya muhazi. (6)kiriziya nziza gaturika iherereye mu mujyi rwagati.https://www.rwamagana.gov.rw/default-e9d7c2d4f1 fy1493la5xmcgr38tm8br0thjzq4go1 0 18453 134024 105420 2026-07-22T14:42:20Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 134024 wikitext text/x-wiki umurenge wa nzige numwe mumirenge igize akarere ka rwamagana ukaba uhana imbibi n' umurenge wa fumbwe,nzige,gahengeri niyindi yo mukarere ka Rwamagana ukaba ugizwe nutugari tune aritwo murama, akanzu ,rugarama na kigarama Kandi ukaba ukungahaye kubuhinzi bw'urutoki nindi myaka. == ibikorwa mumurenge wa nzige == 1.Ubuhinzi 2.ubworozi nibindi == umunyamabanga nshingwabikorwa w' umurenge nabutugari == Umunyamabanga nshingwabikorwa w' umurenge wa nzige Mr. NIYOMWUNGERI Richard 0783406803 Umurenge wa Nzige ugizwe n'Utugari tune(4) dukurikira: Murama Umunyamabanga nshingwabikorwa Giramahoro Nestor 0787858490 Akanzu Umunyamabanga nshingwabikorwa w'agateganyo Mukabarinda Florence 0787858491 Kigarama Umunyamabanga nshingwabikorwa Tuyishime Valens 0787858492 Rugarama Umunyamabanga nshingwabikorwa Musengimana Betty 0787858493 == ishakiro == https://web.archive.org/web/20230616031406/https://www.rwamagana.gov.rw/akarere/abanyamabanga-nshingwabikorwa-bimirenge raizdu7ul5jp6el4w888v5u5ikujq1c 0 18466 133967 114192 2026-07-22T06:25:24Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 133967 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Qom City Iran Country Photograph By Mostafa Meraji 10.jpg|thumb]] imiturire myiza nishusho nziza yuburyo abaturage baba batuye kuburyo bugezweho kandi bafite ibikorwa remezo bikenewe nk' amazi ,umuriro amasoko nibindi hagendewe kwishusho igaragara nuko gahunda yo gutura mumidugudu igeze kure aho usanga abagituye mumanegeka aribake cyane kukigero gihari twese duharanire gutura heza ndeste noguharanira kubaho kandi neza ibyo biza fasha akarere kacu mukujya k'isonga ndetse noguhigura byihuse imihigo yabo<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.rwamagana.gov.rw/default-e9d7c2d4f1 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-05-20 |archive-date=2023-12-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231218135359/https://www.rwamagana.gov.rw/default-e9d7c2d4f1 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashyakiro == lzclo8x6cdg89vik8a1hj2tvsoarmaf 0 18468 134010 105047 2026-07-22T13:58:46Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 134010 wikitext text/x-wiki Ubugeni n'ubukorikori n'imirimo gakondo umuntu akoresha ibikoresho byabugenewe gakondo ibyo haromo kubumba ,gushushanya,kuboha ibintu bitandukanye imitako ndetse nimyambaro ibyo bikaba umusingi mugari wo gusigasira umuco wabanyarwanda ndetse no kuwurinda kuzima kuruhando mpuza mahanga ibyo bizafasha nabatazabasha kubona umuco nyarwanda ariko wenda ibyo byabafasha twe nkurubyiruko duharanire kubumenya kugirango tuzabone ibyo tuvuga tubwira abadukomotseho dufite amazu meshi akora ibijyanye numuco nyarwanda haba mukarere kacu ndetse no mugihugu harimo umurage craft,imigongo hand craft nibindi<ref>v<nowiki/>https://web.archive.org/web/20231218135359/https://www.rwamagana.gov.rw/default-e9d7c2d4f1</ref> kcg5gxmns4gbfv7iyvk5oeljmdbvsp3 0 18471 133980 105050 2026-07-22T08:25:16Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 133980 wikitext text/x-wiki Nki bigaragara kwihangira umurimo tubibwirwa kenshi numukuru wigihugu ndetse n'abandi bashizwe iterambere ry'urubyiruko. urubyiruko kandi rwarahagurutse muguhangana kwisoko ryumurimo aho usanga 90 kwijana ari urubyiruko Bimwe mubyo dukunze kubona urubyiruko rwibandaho muguhanga udushya no gushyigikirana mubyo bakora bityo bigatuma bigaragarira bur'umwe wese bikanatera ishema Urwanda mw'imurikagurishwa muz'amahanga ibyo kandi bifasha urubyiruko gukura amaboko mumufuka bigatuma habaho kwitez'imbere ndetse nokugaragara kwisoko ryumurimo<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.rwamagana.gov.rw/default-e9d7c2d4f1 |title=https://www.rwamagana.gov.rw/defau |access-date=2024-05-20 |archive-date=2023-12-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231218135359/https://www.rwamagana.gov.rw/default-e9d7c2d4f1 |url-status=dead }}</ref> 69wjkse0osd2qxmkfx0bjqy7l67th3c 0 18477 134008 105659 2026-07-22T13:57:31Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 4 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 134008 wikitext text/x-wiki Umurenge wa Munyiginya ni umurenge uherereye mu karere ka RWAMAGANA Intara y'IBURASIRAZUUmunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa w'Umurenge wa Munyiginya yitwa Ms .MUKANTAMBARA Brigitte.utugari tw'umurenge wa munyiginya: bwana,nkomangwa,nyarubuye, ndetse n'utundi Uyu murenge ninaho uruganda rukora ferabeto(stealrwa)ruherereye. = UTUGARI TUGIZE MUNYIGINYA UKO ARI DUTANDATU NI; = * Binunga * Bwana * Cyarukamba * Cyimbazi * Nkomangwa * Nyarubuye.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.rwamagana.gov.rw/akarere/abanyamabanga-nshingwabikorwa-bimirenge |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-05-20 |archive-date=2023-06-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616031406/https://www.rwamagana.gov.rw/akarere/abanyamabanga-nshingwabikorwa-bimirenge |url-status=dead }}</ref> <references /> == Abanyamabanga nshingwabikorwa b'utugari tugize umurenge wa munyiginya == Binunga Umunyamabanga nshingwabikorwa Mukamwiza Chantal 0787858246 Bwana Umunyamabanga nshingwabikorwa Shumbusho Emmanuel 0787858247 Cyarukamba Umunyamabanga nshingwabikorwa Rwiyegura Froduard 0787858248 Cyimbazi Umunyamabanga nshingwabikorwa Semana Emmanuel 0787858249 Nkomangwa Umunyamabanga nshingwabikorwa Nzimbirinda Theogene 0787858468 Nyarubuye Umunyamabanga nshingwabikorwa Mukashyaka Joseline 0787858469 == Amashakiro == Mu murenge wa MUNYIGINYA ahagana mu kagari ka cyarukamba . habamo ikigo cyitwa JETHA JOBANPUTRA SCHOOL, iki kigo cyubatswe n'umuhinde wavukiye i RWAMAGANA buswayilini yitwa KISHOR JOBANPUTRA . Ababahinde bageze mu RWANDA mu mwaka wa 1919 .Byashimishije abaturage baho kuko nta kigo cyabaga muri cyarukamba .bitewe nuko uyu muhinde yagihaye LETA bwana MBONYUMUVUNYI RADJAB wa karere ka RWAMAGANA.<ref>https://muhaziyacu.rw/ingenzi/umuhinde-rwamagana-yubatse-ikigo-cyishuri-agiha-akarere/</ref>uyu murenge ufite abaturage biteje imbere mu buhinzi n'ubworozi.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.rwamagana.gov.rw/akarere/abanyamabanga-nshingwabikorwa-bimirenge |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-05-20 |archive-date=2023-06-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616031406/https://www.rwamagana.gov.rw/akarere/abanyamabanga-nshingwabikorwa-bimirenge |url-status=dead }}</ref> https://web.archive.org/web/20230616031406/https://www.rwamagana.gov.rw/akarere/abanyamabanga-nshingwabikorwa-bimirenge <references />muri aka kagari Kari haruguru ka Binunga habamo ikigo cyamashuri kitwa GS /TSS MUNYIGINYA .<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.rwamagana.gov.rw/akarere/abanyamabanga-nshingwabikorwa-bimirenge |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-05-20 |archive-date=2023-06-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616031406/https://www.rwamagana.gov.rw/akarere/abanyamabanga-nshingwabikorwa-bimirenge |url-status=dead }}</ref> bv2wdzhxtbr8th7ac5dzx25vk1get7f 0 18479 134007 105635 2026-07-22T13:57:29Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 134007 wikitext text/x-wiki Umurenge wa MUNYAGA ni umurenge uherereye mu karere ka RWAMGANA intara y'IBURASIRAZUBA. = UMUYOBOZI = Umunyamabanga nshingwabikorwa yitwa Mr.MUNYENTWARI Damascene TEL:0783406799 = UTUGARI TWA MUNYAGA NABANYAMABANGA NSHINGWABIKORWA BATWO = Kaduha Umunyamabanga nshingwabikorwa Munyankindi Eric 0787858242 Rweru Umunyamabanga nshingwabikorwa Giramahoro Janviere 0787858243 Zinga Umunyamabanga nshingwabikorwa Murwanashyaka Jean Pierre 0787858244 Nkungu Umunyamabanga nshingwabikorwa Mfitumukiza Samuel 0787858245 * <references />Abaturage b'Umurenge wa Munyaga biteje imbere,bahinga umuceri ukera cyane kuko hari ibishanga byishi cyane. Mu mateka y'u Rwanda umurenge wa Munyaga uzwi nk'umurenge w'Abakemba. Uyu murenge ufite ibigo byamashuri aribyo G.S Nkungu na G.S Munyaga, ikigo cya G.S Nkungu cyegerenye n,urwibutso rw'abazize Jenocide yakorewe Abatutsi,ndetse na santre de sente.ibyo bigo byose birera abana mu byiciro byose. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.rwamagana.gov.rw/akarere/abanyamabanga-nshingwabikorwa-bimirenge |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-05-20 |archive-date=2023-06-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616031406/https://www.rwamagana.gov.rw/akarere/abanyamabanga-nshingwabikorwa-bimirenge |url-status=dead }}</ref> sdf0w7qssytp5b22e6agmplmwnj46ua 0 18482 134009 105066 2026-07-22T13:57:32Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 134009 wikitext text/x-wiki Umurenge wa MUYUMBO ni umurenge uherereye mu karere ka RWAMAGANA intara y'IBURASIRAZUBA. = UMUYOBOZI = Umunyamabanga nshingwa bikorwa yitwa Mr.MUHAMYA Amani <nowiki>TEL:0783406800</nowiki> = UTUGARI TUGIZE MUYUMBO = Muyumbo igizwe nutugari dutandatu(5): * akinyambo * bujyujyu * murehe * ntebe * nyarukombe.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.rwamagana.gov.rw/akarere/abanyamabanga-nshingwabikorwa-bimirenge |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-05-20 |archive-date=2023-06-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616031406/https://www.rwamagana.gov.rw/akarere/abanyamabanga-nshingwabikorwa-bimirenge |url-status=dead }}</ref> nl50ix8uqlnoq2n7ib9ui7le94zzdv2 0 18498 133880 128512 2026-07-20T20:11:06Z Niyonagirajoy 18593 Impinduka ntoya 133880 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Amahugurwa y'[[Ubumwe]] n'Ubudaheranwa''' ni gahunda itegurwa n'Umuryango '''Unity Club Intwararumuri''' igamije kubaka ubushobozi bw'[[urubyiruko]] no kwimakaza indangagaciro z'[[ubumwe]], ubunyarwanda n'ubudaheranwa mu banyeshuri biga mu mashuri makuru na kaminuza zo mu Rwanda. Aya mahugurwa akorwa ku bufatanye n'inzego zitandukanye za Leta n'abafatanyabikorwa.[http://www.unity-club.rw/news-details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=1&cHash=77afd9835f168bda042b1ce20e367cd6] Mu mwaka wa '''2024''', Unity Club Intwararumuri yasoje icyiciro cya kane cy'aya mahugurwa, cyabereye mu Karere ka [[Musanze Fc|Musanze]] ku wa '''28 na 29 Mata 2024'''. Iki gikorwa cyari kimwe mu bikorwa by'ingenzi bigize umushinga ugamije kwimakaza [[Umunyarwandakazi|Ubunyarwanda]] mu rubyiruko, uzwi ku izina rya '''Ndi Umunyarwanda Integration Project'''.[https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/mu-rwanda/article/umuryango-unity-club-intwararumuri-watangiye-icyiciro-cya-kane-cy-umushinga-wo-kwimakaza-ndi-umunyarwanda-mu-rubyiruko] == Amavu n'amavuko == Umushinga '''Ndi Umunyarwanda Integration Project''' watangiye mu mwaka wa '''2019''' '''[https://www.minubumwe.gov.rw/news-detail/min-dr-bizimana-yasabye-abiga-muri-seminari-nkuru-ya-kabgayi-kwimakaza-ndi-umunyarwanda]''', utangizwa n'ibiganiro bigamije kwimakaza gahunda ya '''Ndi [[Umunyarwandakazi|Umunyarwanda]]''' mu rubyiruko. Ushyirwa mu bikorwa na '''Unity Club Intwararumuri''' ku bufatanye na Minisiteri y'Ubumwe bw'Abanyarwanda n'Inshingano Mboneragihugu ([[MINUBUMWE]]), Minisiteri y'Urubyiruko n'Iterambere ry'Ubuhanzi (MoYA), Minisiteri y'Uburezi (MINEDUC), Ishuri Rikuru rya Gisirikare rya Nyakinama ndetse n'Ikigo cy'Ubushakashatsi n'Ubusabane bigamije Amahoro (IRDP).[https://www.minubumwe.gov.rw/index.php?eID=dumpFile&t=f&f=151357&token=f48bf90f1e1f1b6bf26385a36978ad92194ebeb6] === Intego === Icyiciro cya kane cy'uyu mushinga cyari kigamije kubaka ubushobozi bw'Amahuriro y'[[Ubumwe]] n'Ubudaheranwa akorera mu mashuri makuru na kaminuza '''32''' zo hirya no hino mu [[Rwanda]]. Aya mahuriro afasha abanyeshuri gusobanukirwa amateka y'u [[Rwanda]], kwimakaza [[ubumwe]] bw'[[Abanyarwanda]], ubudaheranwa no kugira uruhare mu iterambere ry'igihugu. [https://www.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/abayobozi-b-amahuriro-y-ubumwe-n-ubudaheranwa-muri-kaminuza-biyemeje-kwimakaza] === Gusoza amahugurwa === Mu muhango wo gusoza aya mahugurwa, '''Visi Perezida wa kabiri wa Unity Club Intwararumuri, Hon. Uwacu Julienne''', yagarutse ku butumwa bwa Perezida wa Repubulika y'u [[Rwanda]], '''[[Paul Kagame]]''', bukangurira [[urubyiruko]] kwizera ubushobozi rufite no kugira uruhare rugaragara mu kubaka igihugu no gukomeza kwimakaza indangagaciro z'[[Umunyarwandakazi|Ubunyarwanda]].[https://umuryango.rw/amakuru/article/uwacu-julienne-yatangiye-imirimo-mishya-muri-unity-club-intwararumuri] Aya mahugurwa akomeje kugira uruhare mu kongerera [[urubyiruko]] ubumenyi n'indangagaciro zibafasha kuba abaturage bafite inshingano, bakunda [[igihugu]] kandi bagira uruhare mu kubungabunga [[ubumwe]] n'ubudaheranwa bw'[[Abanyarwanda]].[https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/urubyiruko-rwasabwe-kurwanya-ibyonona-ubumwe-bw-abanyarwanda] === Amashakiro === gy3z35436vdp81wos3y8yvw91nqvisk 0 18505 133877 131440 2026-07-20T18:54:26Z Niyonagirajoy 18593 I 133877 wikitext text/x-wiki <u>AMAHIRWE YO KWIHANGIRA IMIRIMO MURUBYIRUKO RW'URWANDA.</u> [https://m.imvahonshya.co.rw/urubyiruko-rwu-rwanda-20-000-rurafashwa-kuba-inzobere-mu-ikoranabuhanga/ '''Amahirwe''' ni ijambo ryo mu Kinyarwanda rifite ibisobanuro bitandukanye, rikaba rikoreshwa mu buzima bwa buri munsi mu buryo bwagutse. Rishobora gusobanura: Umugisha cyangwa ubuntu, aho umuntu abona ibyiza atabanje kubivunikira cyane. Uburyo cyangwa amahitamo yo kugerageza ikintu runaka. Ubushobozi cyangwa umugisha wihariye ufitanye isano n’imyizerere, aho abantu bamwe babifata nk’impano y’Imana cyangwa ubuzima bwamuhiriye.] [https://m.imvahonshya.co.rw/urubyiruko-rwu-rwanda-20-000-rurafashwa-kuba-inzobere-mu-ikoranabuhanga/ Ijambo *amahirwe* rifite umwanya ukomeye mu mibereho y’Abanyarwanda, rikaba rikoreshwa mu nzego zitandukanye z’ubuzima harimo akazi, imyidagaduro, imyizerere, ndetse n’ubukungu. Mu Cyerekezo cy’igihugu cya 2050, amahirwe mu ikoranabuhanga n’ubumenyi ni kimwe mu byitezweho gufungura inzira z’ubukungu bushingiye ku bumenyi.] == Ijambo "amahirwe" mu mivugo n’imvugo z’imigani == *'''Imigani n’imvugo:''' ** "Amahirwe y’undi siyo yawe" – Bivuga ko buri wese afite igihe cye n’inzira ye. ** "Amahirwe ntasimbuka kabiri" – Bivuga ko igihe cy’amahirwe iyo kije kigomba gukoreshwa neza, kuko kitagaruka kenshi.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://greenfund.rw/kin/adaptation |title=Archive copy |access-date=2025-11-18 |archive-date=2024-10-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241014201530/https://greenfund.rw/kin/adaptation |url-status=dead }}</ref> ** <nowiki>''Amahirwe aza rimwe mubuzima''</nowiki>_ Bivuga ko amahirwe iyo utayafatiranye harigihe ataharuka.<ref>https://www.bugesera.gov.rw/soma-ibindi/amahirwe-yishoramari-nubucuruzi </ref> == Ibitekerezo bijyanye n’ijambo amahirwe: == * Amahirwe ntiyizana gusa, akenshi arategurwa.<ref>https://www.minicom.gov.rw/news-detail/amahirwe-yo-guhabwa-igishoro-kuri-ba-rwiyemezamirimo-burubyiruko-nabagore-bakora-ubucuruzi-buciriritse-bwambukiranya-imipaka</ref> * Amahirwe meza ajyana n’akazi, ubushishozi, no gutekereza mbere yo gukora. === Mu ncamake: === {| class="wikitable" !Ijambo !Amahariwe |- |Ubwoko |Izina ry'ikinyarwanda (mu bwinshi) |- |Ibisobanuro |Ibyiza umuntu abonye, umugisha |- |Rikoreshwa mu |Ubuzima bwa buri munsi, imyizerere, imivugo |} ==== ''AMASHAKIRO'' ==== kbf7rv6pwequ01wrueitfl8hejffug9 0 18512 133863 132216 2026-07-20T14:56:52Z Igiraneza Divine 15375 Igiraneza Divine moved page [[ABAKORANA BUSHAKE BURUBYIRUKO]] to [[ABAKORANA BUSHAKE]]: Misspelled title 132216 wikitext text/x-wiki Umuyobozi mukuru wa Polisi y’ u [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]] CGP, Emmanuel K. Gasana, Kuri uyu wa 31 Kanama yahuye n’ urubyiruko rw’ abakorerabushake ruteraniye mu kigo cy’ amashuli cya Polisi giherereye mu Karere ka Musanze, aha umuyobozi wa Polisi akaba yabasabye kuba umusemburo w’ iterambere, bashyira imbaraga mu gukumira no kurwanya ibyaha binyuze mu guhanahana amakuru ku gihe n’inzego z’umutekano. Ni amahugurwa yah awe urubyiruko rugera kuri 300 mu gihe kingana n'iminsi 10, Umuyobozi Mukuru wa Polisi yavuze ko guhanahana amakuru ku gihe no guhabwa amahugurwa atandukanye ko ari ngombwa kugira ngo ibyaha birimo nk’icuruzwa ry'abantu no kwigana amafaranga bibashe kurwanywa no gukumirwa mu gihugu<ref>https://police.gov.rw/media/news-detail/news/urubyiruko-rw-abakoranabushake-rwasabwe-kuba-umusemburo-w-iterambere/?tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&cHash=23897a551a1cd73b7e8df442aaeec2d7</ref>. Abari mumahugurwa bagaragaje ubushake bukomeye bwo kurwanya no gukumira ibyaha bitandukanye bafatanya ninzego zumutekano. '''AMASHAKIRO;''' https://police.gov.rw/media/news-detail/news/urubyiruko-rw-abakoranabushake-rwasabwe-kuba-umusemburo-w-iterambere/?tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&cHash=23897a551a1cd73b7e8df442aaeec2d7 tm7gru8u66tvvn3x6edmj83wq4vuty1 134052 133863 2026-07-22T18:47:35Z Niyonagirajoy 18593 impinduka ntoya 134052 wikitext text/x-wiki <nowiki>''Abakoranabushake burubyiruko''</nowiki>, ni [[Gahunda yogukumira Abantu Kwiyahura|gahunda]] ihuza urubyiruko n'inzego z'[[Umutekano n'iterambere|umutekano]] mu [[Rwanda]] hagamijwe guteza imbere [[Umutekano n'iterambere|umutekano]], gukumira ibyaha no gushishikariza [[Abaturage Ubuzima n’Imiturire|abaturage]] uruhare rwabo mu bikorwa bifitiye [[igihugu]] akamaro. Iyo [[Gahunda yogukumira Abantu Kwiyahura|gahunda]] itegurwa ku bufatanye bwa Polisi y'u Rwanda n'izindi nzego z'ubuyobozi, aho [[urubyiruko]] ruhabwa [[AMAHUGURWA Y'UBUMWE N'UBUDAHERANWA|amahugurwa]] ku nshingano zarwo n'[[Uruhare rw’Umuryango w’Abibumbye mu Kurengera Uburenganzira bwa Muntu”|uruhare]] rwarwo mu kubungabunga [[Umutekano n'iterambere|umutekano]].[https://police.gov.rw/media/news-detail/news/urubyiruko-rwabakoranabushake-basoje-amahugurwa-basabwa-kuba-umusemburo-wumutekano-niterambere/?tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&cHash=2d202aa6e961b24cd534ea92a2427522][https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/u-rwanda-rufite-urubyiruko-rw-abakoranabushake-miliyoni-1-9] === Intego === [[Gahunda yogukumira Abantu Kwiyahura|Gahunda]] y'abakoranabushake mu rubyiruko igamije: * Gushishikariza urubyiruko kugira uruhare mu gukumira ibyaha. * Guteza imbere ubufatanye hagati y'[[Abaturage Ubuzima n’Imiturire|abaturage]] n[[Inzego za Leta ku iterambere|'inzego]] z[[Umutekano n'iterambere|'umutekano]]. * [[Gutanga Ubutaka mu Rwanda|Gutanga]] amahugurwa ku [[Gukumira no kurwanya Ibiza|gukumira]] no kurwanya ibyaha bitandukanye. * Kwimakaza [[umuco]] wo gutanga amakuru ku gihe ku bibangamira umutekano. Abari mumahugurwa bagaragaje ubushake bukomeye bwo kurwanya no gukumira ibyaha bitandukanye bafatanya ninzego z’umutekano.[https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/u-rwanda-rufite-urubyiruko-rw-abakoranabushake-miliyoni-1-9][https://police.gov.rw/media/news-detail/news/urubyiruko-rwabakoranabushake-basoje-amahugurwa-basabwa-kuba-umusemburo-wumutekano-niterambere/?tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&cHash=2d202aa6e961b24cd534ea92a2427522][https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/ibyo-kwitega-muri-gahunda-yo-guteza-imbere-urubyiruko-izatwara-arenga-miliyari] ==== Amahugurwa ==== Polisi y'u Rwanda itegura amahugurwa ahabwa urubyiruko rw'abakoranabushake agamije kubongerera [[Ubumenyi bw'u Rwanda|ubumenyi]] ku bijyanye no gukumira ibyaha no gukorana n[[Inzego za Leta ku iterambere|'inzego]] z'umutekano. Mu mahugurwa, hitabwaho cyane [[Ingingo ya 15 mu mategeko agenga Imicungire n’Imikoreshereze y’Ubutaka: Kongera cyangwa kuvana muri rejisitiri abafite uburenganzira ku butaka|ingingo]] zirimo gukumira icuruzwa ry'abantu, kurwanya uburiganya bukoresha [[amafaranga]] y'impimbano, kurwanya ikoreshwa ry[[IBIYOBYABWENGE MURUBYIRUKO|'ibiyobyabwenge]] n'ubundi bwoko bw'ibyaha bishobora guhungabanya umutekano.[https://www.police.gov.rw/media/news-detail/news/icyiciro-cya-2-cyurubyiruko-rwabakoranabushake-rwatangiye-amahugurwa-yo-ku-rwanya-no-gukumira-ibya/?tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&cHash=d65691fbf4353bf840f0fba3619781e6] ===== Uruhare mu kubungabunga umutekano ===== Abakoranabushake mu rubyiruko bakorana n'inzego z'ibanze ndetse na Polisi y'u Rwanda mu bukangurambaga bwo gukumira ibyaha, gutanga amakuru ku gihe no gushishikariza urubyiruko [[Kwirinde indwara zo mu kanwa n’iz’amenyo|kwirinda]] ibikorwa bishobora guteza umutekano muke. Iyi gahunda iri mu bikorwa bigamije kongera uruhare rw'abaturage mu kubungabunga umutekano w'igihugu.[https://www.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/polisi-y-u-rwanda-yashimye-uruhare-rw-urubyiruko-rw-abakorerabushake-mu] '''AMASHAKIRO;''' https://police.gov.rw/media/news-detail/news/urubyiruko-rw-abakoranabushake-rwasabwe-kuba-umusemburo-w-iterambere/?tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&cHash=23897a551a1cd73b7e8df442aaeec2d7 9pmaheombx6pvbh4xno6q5qkrs96ifz 0 18532 133958 105415 2026-07-22T04:49:19Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 133958 wikitext text/x-wiki ===== [[Rwamagana]] ni kamwe muturere tugize u [[Rwanda]]. Rwamagana izi ku isonga muturere duhaza amashanyarazi abaturage bagatuye kucyigero cya 30%. ===== Rwamagana ikaba iri muturere twungirije umujyi wa kigari ikaba ikurikira Musanze. Iyi Rwamagana ikaba izwiho ubuhinzi bwimyaka itandukanye harimo nk'imyumbati, umuceri, ibijumba, ibitoki, ibishyimbo,ndetse nindi myaka igiye itandukanye hakazamo nuburobyi kubera inzuzi zibonekayo. Mubyiza nyaburanga bigize akarere ka Rwamagana harimo; uruzi rwa muhazi,bella flower akaba ari ikigo gihinga indabo, hakaza akagera national park.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.rwamagana.gov.rw/default-e9d7c2d4f1 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-05-22 |archive-date=2023-12-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231218135359/https://www.rwamagana.gov.rw/default-e9d7c2d4f1 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Muri Rwamagana tunasangayo ikigo gikomeye cya police aricyo GISHARI cyikaba cyibarizwa mu murenge wa gishari. sibyo gusa i Rwamagana dusangayo ibikorwa remezo harimo; amazi, imihanda, umuriro, amashuri, ibitaro,nibindi bigiye bitandukanye. Rwamagana ikaba iyoborwa na MR. MBONYUVUNYI Radjab ikaba ari iya mbere muturere twesa imihigo mu rwanda.<ref>https://www.facebook.com/igihe/posts/mbese-ni-iki-cyatumye-akarere-ka-rwamagana-kaba-aka-mbere-mu-kwesa-imihigo-muri-/10155751030367114/</ref> nh4itibik3ld48buywjtsz0axilkh3u 0 18533 134006 105244 2026-07-22T13:57:28Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 134006 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Egrets on Lake Muhazi, Rwanda.jpg|thumb]] Umurenge wa MUHAZI numwe mumirenge 14 igize akare ka [[Rwamagana Fc|Rwamagana]] ukaba uhana imbibi nimirenge ariyo;Gishali,Kigabiro ndetse na karere ka kayonza ukaba unakora kucyiyaga cya Muhazi yumurenge uherereye mu karere ka [[Rwamagana Fc|RWAMAGANA]] intara y'IBURASIRAZUBA. = UMUYOBOZI = Umunyamabanga nshingwabikorwa wa muhazi yitwa Mr.HANYURWIMFURAA Egide TEL:0785414895 = UTUGARI TUGIZE UMURENGE WAMUHAZI = Umurenge wamuhazi ugizwe nutugari icyenda(9): * ntebe * byeza * nyarusange * karitutu * nsinda * kitazigurwa * karambi * murambi * [[Dosiye:Rwamagana district Map.jpg|thumb|IKARITA YA RWAMAGANA NIMIRENGE]]kabare.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.rwamagana.gov.rw/akarere/abanyamabanga-nshingwabikorwa-bimirenge |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-05-21 |archive-date=2023-06-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616031406/https://www.rwamagana.gov.rw/akarere/abanyamabanga-nshingwabikorwa-bimirenge |url-status=dead }}</ref> dyk9fu4tdmju1v65c1s2209ctgd6xpj 0 18538 133971 105231 2026-07-22T08:15:32Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 133971 wikitext text/x-wiki komite nyobozi y'akarere ka Rwamagana igizwe n'abayobozi aribo aba bakurikira; (1mayor;MBONYUMUVUNYI RADJAB (2)KAGABO RICHARD RWAMUNONO umuyobozi w'akarere wungirije ushinzwe ubukungu (3)madame;UMUTONI JEANNE umuyobozi wungirije ushinzwe imibereho myiza y'abaturage<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.rwamagana.gov.rw/akarere/komite-nyobozi |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-05-21 |archive-date=2023-08-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802225831/https://www.rwamagana.gov.rw/akarere/komite-nyobozi |url-status=dead }}</ref> <references /><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.rwamagana.gov.rw/akarere/komite-nyobozi |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-05-21 |archive-date=2023-08-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802225831/https://www.rwamagana.gov.rw/akarere/komite-nyobozi |url-status=dead }}</ref> lqkjndqp1nibws77ae0ybj0r1895dl8 0 18548 134023 105540 2026-07-22T14:42:15Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 134023 wikitext text/x-wiki Umurenge wa FUMBWE ni umurenge uherereye mukarere ka RWAMAGANA. NI UMURENGE MWIZA CYANE .uyu murenge ukaba uhana imbibi n'umurenge wa gahengeri na nyakariro. = UMUYOBOZI = Umunyamabanga nshingwabikorwa wa fumbwe yitwa Mr.MUHIGIRWA David = UTUGARI TUGIZE FUMBWE = FUMBWE ni umurenge ugizwe nutugari dutandatu(6): # nyakakunga # nyagasambu # mununu # nyarubuye # [[Dosiye:Rwamagana district Map.jpg|thumb|ikarita ya rwamagana]]nyamirama # sasabirago.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.rwamagana.gov.rw/akarere/abanyamabanga-nshingwabikorwa-bimirenge |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-05-21 |archive-date=2023-06-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616031406/https://www.rwamagana.gov.rw/akarere/abanyamabanga-nshingwabikorwa-bimirenge |url-status=dead }}</ref> <references /> == Abanyamabanga b'utugari two mumurenge wa fumbwe == Nyakagunga Umunyamabanga nshingwabikorwa Uwimanimpaye Dieudone 0787858200 Nyagasambu Umunyamabanga nshingwabikorwa Nirere Marie Chantal 0787858201 Mununu Umunyamabanga nshingwabikorwa Gisagara Jean Bosco 0787858202 Nyarubuye Umunyamabanga nshingwabikorwa Ngerageze Charles 0787858203 Nyamirama Umunyamabanga nshingwabikorwa Muhongayire Sandrine 0787858204 Sasabirago Umunyamabanga nshingwabikorwa Bayisenge Alphonsine 0787858205 9bwys0kvw29ejrh3oo3we5wmcjjbjpe 0 18571 133986 105372 2026-07-22T08:35:07Z Score Beethoven 11559 133986 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Umurenge wa Rurenge''' uherereye mu [[Akarere ka Ngoma|karere ka Ngoma]] mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba|Ntara y'Iburasirazuba]]. Ugizwe n'utugari dutandatu ari two:<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://197.243.22.137/ngoma/fileadmin/_migrated/content_uploads/urutonde_rw_utugali_tugize_akarere_ka_ngoma.pdf |title=Urutonde rw'utugari tugize Akarere ka Ngoma |website=Akarere ka Ngoma |language=rw }}</ref> * Musya * Akagarama * Rwikubo * Rujyese * Muhurire * Rujambara == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Ngoma]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda]] kdgcavzdobipl3a53rd8vitzmwgquxe 0 18580 134005 105388 2026-07-22T13:55:19Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 134005 wikitext text/x-wiki Gahengeri numwe mumirenge iherereye mukarere ka Rwamagana ukaba uhana imbibi nindi mirenge nka musha fumbwe niyindi == UMUNYAMABANGA NSHINGWABIKORWA NAB'UTUGARI<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.rwamagana.gov.rw/akarere/abanyamabanga-nshingwabikorwa-bimirenge |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-05-22 |archive-date=2023-06-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616031406/https://www.rwamagana.gov.rw/akarere/abanyamabanga-nshingwabikorwa-bimirenge |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa Mr. BYARUHANGA John Bosco 0783406795 Umurenge wa Gahengeri ugizwe n'utugari ugizwe n'Utugari umunani (8) dukurikira: Gihumuza Umunyamabanga nshingwabikorwa Twiringiyimana Siphora 0787858206 Kagezi Umunyamabanga nshingwabikorwa Kabera Raphael 0787858207 Kanyangese Umunyamabanga nshingwabikorwa Mukanoheri Henriette 0787858208 Kibare Umunyamabanga nshingwabikorwa Yankurije Capitholine 0787858209 l8a1cm3ckmlyo4ojtymo7r41q7m2bhr 0 18588 133891 105821 2026-07-20T21:52:43Z Clemy Keza 18414 Amakosa y’imyandikire. 133891 wikitext text/x-wiki Akagari ka Ruhunda kagizwe n'imidugudu itatu ariyo: Nyagakombe, Nyagahinga na Mpungwe. Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa akaba yitwa Kaneza Alphonsine. == Amateka == Aka Kagari gaherereye mu murenge wa Gishari Akarere ka Rwamagana. Aka kagari niko gafite ibikorwa remezo byinshi birimo ibigo by'amashuri. == Ibikorwa == Duhereye ku bikorwa remezo harimo imihanda urugero: Umuhanda ugera muri [[Bella flowers|Bella Flowers]] == Urubyiruko == Ibikorwa by'urubyiruko muri aka kagari. == Amashakiro == ssm3qqq3zp3p02lmw4ohf6fr0onir4m 133892 133891 2026-07-20T21:53:21Z Clemy Keza 18414 Clemy Keza moved page [[Akagari Ka Ruhunda]] to [[Akagari ka Ruhunda]]: Amakosa y'imyandikire 133891 wikitext text/x-wiki Akagari ka Ruhunda kagizwe n'imidugudu itatu ariyo: Nyagakombe, Nyagahinga na Mpungwe. Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa akaba yitwa Kaneza Alphonsine. == Amateka == Aka Kagari gaherereye mu murenge wa Gishari Akarere ka Rwamagana. Aka kagari niko gafite ibikorwa remezo byinshi birimo ibigo by'amashuri. == Ibikorwa == Duhereye ku bikorwa remezo harimo imihanda urugero: Umuhanda ugera muri [[Bella flowers|Bella Flowers]] == Urubyiruko == Ibikorwa by'urubyiruko muri aka kagari. == Amashakiro == ssm3qqq3zp3p02lmw4ohf6fr0onir4m 0 18666 133988 110334 2026-07-22T08:48:44Z Score Beethoven 11559 133988 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:RwamaganaMap.jpg|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Rwamagana district Map.jpg|thumb|152x152px|Umurenge wa Munyiginya]] '''Umurenge wa Munyiginya''' ni umwe mu mirenge igize [[Akarere ka Rwamagana]], mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba|Ntara y'Iburasirazuba]]. Ibarura rusange ry'abaturage ryo mu mwaka wa 2022 ryagaragaje ko wari utuwe n'abaturage 24.197.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/rwamagana/5108__munyiginya/ |title=Munyiginya (Sector, Rwanda) - Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location |website=City Population |language=en }}</ref> == Inyandiko zifashishijwe == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Rwamagana]] 1pue3ejuhq86llpsygp6ttrh9n287ny 0 18754 133894 106060 2026-07-20T21:55:16Z Clemy Keza 18414 Amakosa y’imyandikire. 133894 wikitext text/x-wiki Akagali ka Rwesero ni kamwe mu tugari duherereye mu Rwanda tugize umurenge wa Busasamana mu Akarere ka Nyanza, mu Ntara y'Amajyepfo. Ako kagari niho dusanga ibiro by'Akarere ka Nyanza, ndetse n'Ingoro y'Umwami Rudahigwa iri ahitwa mu Rukari muri ako kagali. <ref>https://www.nyanza.gov.rw/menya-akarere</ref> ouq8i9fugrrn7ep0xrez0xpuedvdx2t 133895 133894 2026-07-20T21:55:44Z Clemy Keza 18414 Clemy Keza moved page [[Akagali ka rwesero]] to [[Akagali ka Rwesero]]: Amakosa y'imyandikire 133894 wikitext text/x-wiki Akagali ka Rwesero ni kamwe mu tugari duherereye mu Rwanda tugize umurenge wa Busasamana mu Akarere ka Nyanza, mu Ntara y'Amajyepfo. Ako kagari niho dusanga ibiro by'Akarere ka Nyanza, ndetse n'Ingoro y'Umwami Rudahigwa iri ahitwa mu Rukari muri ako kagali. <ref>https://www.nyanza.gov.rw/menya-akarere</ref> ouq8i9fugrrn7ep0xrez0xpuedvdx2t 0 19014 133878 128494 2026-07-20T19:16:10Z Niyonagirajoy 18593 Impinduka ntoya 133878 wikitext text/x-wiki Aya ni amwe mu magambo n'ibisobanuro by’ingenzi bigenga urwego rw’amashyamba mu [[Rwanda]], nk'uko biteganywa n' Itegeko Rigenga [[Amashyamba]] n’Ibiti. Aya mabwiriza afasha mu kurengera no kubungabunga ibidukikije ndetse no kumenya uko [[Ibiti byimeza|ibiti]] byitabwaho no gusarurwa.[https://www.policyvault.africa/wp-content/uploads/policy/RWA223.pdf] # '''Amabwiriza arebana n’amashyamba:''' amabwiriza ya Ministiri ateganywa n’iritegeko.<ref name=":0">https://www.google.com/search?q=imikoreshereze+yamashyamba&oq=imiko&gs_lcrp=EgZjaHJvbWUqBggBECMYJzIGCAAQRRg5MgYIARAjGCcyDAgCEAAYFBiHAhiABDIHCAMQABiABDIHCAQQABiABDIHCAUQABiABDIHCAYQABiABDIPCAcQABgKGIMBGLEDGIAEMgcICBAAGIAEMgkICRAAGAoYgATSAQg3MDE5ajBqN6gCCLACAQ&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8</ref> # '''Gufata neza''' '''amashyamba''': uburyo butuma amashyamba arindwa,  afatwa neza, avugururwa kandi akabyazwa umusaruro ku buryo burambye.<ref name=":1">https://www.google.com/search?q=imikoreshereze+yamashyamba&oq=imiko&gs_lcrp=EgZjaHJvbWUqBggBECMYJzIGCAAQRRg5MgYIARAjGCcyDAgCEAAYFBiHAhiABDIHCAMQABiABDIHCAQQABiABDIHCAUQABiABDIHCAYQABiABDIPCAcQABgKGIMBGLEDGIAEMgcICBAAGIAEMgkICRAAGAoYgATSAQg3MDE5ajBqN6gCCLACAQ&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8</ref> # '''Gufatira:''' igikorwa cyo kwambura by’agateganyo umuntu uburengazira bwo gukoresha ibikomoka ku mashyamba n’ibikoresho byifashishijwe bitewe n’uko atubahirije ibiteganywa n’iri tegeko.<ref name=":0" /> # '''Gukonorera:''' igikorwa cyo gukorera  amashyamba hatemwa amashami make yo hasi ku biti bitayatakaza mu buryo bwa kamere yabyo bigakorwa hagamijwe kongera ubwiza  bw’igihimba.<ref name=":1" /> # '''Gukoresha ishyamba:''' gusarura ibikomoka ku mashyamba kimwe no kuyakoresha mu bukerarugendo, mu kwidagadura cyangwa mumirimo irebana n’ibidukikije n’ubushakashatsi.<ref name=":2">https://audiomack.com/radio_rwanda/song/imicungire-nimikoreshereze-yamashyamba-mu-rwanda</ref> # '''Gukuraho ishyamba:''' kurandura ibiti cyangwa kubitema n’ibish'''y'''itsi bikarandurwa kugira ngo ubutaka ryari ririho bukoreshwe ikindi.<ref name=":3">https://www.iucn.org/sites/default/files/2024-02/community-approach-guidelines-for-sebeya-project-kinyarwanda-version.pdf</ref> # '''Gusarura ishyamba''': ''' '''gukura mu ishyamba ibikomoka ku mashyamba hagamijwe kubicuruza cyangwa kubikoresha ikindi kintu.<ref name=":3" /> # '''Gutsemba ishyamba:''' ibikorwa byangiza ishyamba bigatuma rishiraho ku buryo ridashobora kwisubira; # '''Ibarura ry’amashyamba:''' inyigo ikorwa kugira ngo mu karere runaka hagaragazwe imiterere n’ingano by’ishyamba cyangwa akarere kagenewe ishyamba.<ref name=":1" /> # '''Ibikomoka mu ishyamba:''' ibiti, ingiga z’ibiti, inkwi, imbaho, amakara, ibarizo, ibishishwa, amakakama, amavuta, amababi, indabo, imbuto, umurama, ubuhiho, ivu, isaso, ubuki, ibihumyo, ibyatsi n’ibindi binyabuzima cyangwa ibibikomokaho, itaka, amabuye, urusekabuye, ibumba, umusenyi n’ibindi bitari ibinyabuzima bikomoka mu ishyamba.<ref name=":3" /> # '''Ibikorwa byo kubungabunga amashyamba:''' ibikorwa bigamije gushyiraho ibyemezo mu rwego rwa tekiniki, ubukungu, inganda, amategeko n’ubutegetsi, kugira ngo bayiteho maze arusheho gutanga umusaruro.<ref name=":0" /> # '''Ibikorwa byo gusubiranya ishyamba:''' ibikorwa bigamije kuziba icyuho mu ishyamba bongeramo ibindi biti cyangwa bakareka ibisanzwe bigakura kugira ngo ritange umusaruro ukwiye ritezweho.<ref name=":1" /> # '''Ibiti bikomye:''' ni ibiti bidasanzwe bifite akamaro kanini mu kubungabunga ibidukikije, kurwanya isuri, no gufata ubutaka, bishyirwaho urutonde na Minisitiri ufite amashyamba mu nshingano.<ref name=":2" /> # '''Ibungabunga rirambye ry’amashyamba:''' ikoreshwa ry’umutungo w’amashyamba ku buryo n’abavuka bawusanga na bo bakawugiraho uruhare n’uburenganzira.<ref name=":4">https://archive.gazettes.africa/archive/rw/2015/rw-government-gazette-dated-2015-07-06-no-27.pdf</ref> # '''Igenamigabi ry’amashyamba:''' inyandiko ikubiyemo ibikorwa bijyanye no gutunganya, gucunga no gukoresha amashyamba mu gihe n’ahantu runaka.<ref name=":3" /> # '''Igenzura ry’ibanze:''' isuzuma  rikorerwa ishyamba hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa gihanga kugira ngo haboneke amakuru y’ibanze arebana n’ishyamba runaka mu rwego rwo gutegura  ibarura ryimbitse cyangwa gufata ibyemezo birebana n’imicungire yaryo.<ref name=":0" /> # '''Igiti:''' ikimera kimara igihe kirekire ku butaka kigira nibura ubuhagarike bwa metero esheshatu (6) gusubiza hejuru iyo gikuze, kikanagira igihimba n’igice cyo hejuru kigizwe n’amashami n’amababi.<ref name=":1" /> # '''Igiti kibazwa:''' igiti kitagenewe gucanwa, gishobora kuba ari igice cy’igiti cyatemwe cyangwa cyaguye,  kibajwe cyangwa kitabajije, gisatuye, kidasatuye cyangwa hari ukundi bakigenje.<ref name=":2" /> # '''Ikigo:''' Ikigo cy’Igihugu gifite mu nshingano zacyo  gucunga no guteza imbere amashyamba.<ref name=":2" /> # '''Ishyamba:''' ubutaka butwikiriwe n’ibiti n’uduti n’ibindi bimera cyangwa ubutaka bwahozeho ibiti rikaba ririmo kwisubira cyangwa barimo guteramo ibindi biti, cyangwa ubutaka butahozeho ibiti bukaba buzigamiwe gutanga ibikomoka ku mashyamba cyangwa imirimo ifitanye isano nayo.<ref name=":1" /> # '''Ishyamba-fatizo:'''  ishyamba rigabanijemo uturere hakurikijwe ibiranga buri karere byihariye. # '''Ishyamba rikomye:'''  ishyamba ridashobora gukorerwamo imirimo iyo ari yo yose keretse ibyagenwa ukundi n’iri tegeko.<ref name=":3" /> # '''Ishyamba ry’Akarere:''' ishyamba riri ku butaka bw’Akarere ryatewe n’Akarere, umushinga w’Akarere, umuganda cyangwa urundi rwego urwo ari rwo rwose rukorana n’Akarere,  iryo ku nkengero z’imihanda y’Akarere, n’iryeguriwe Akarere.<ref name=":0" /> # '''Ishyamba rya Leta:''' ishyamba riri ku  butaka bwa Leta ryatewe na Leta, umushinga wa Leta, umuganda cyangwa urundi rwego urwo ari rwo rwose, irya cyimeza, iryo ku nkengero z’imihanda ya Leta, iryo ku nkengero z’inzuzi n’ibiyaga,  iryeguriwe Leta n’ishyamba ryose ritagira nyiraryo.<ref name=":4" /> # '''Ishyamba ryo kubyaza umusaruro:''' ishyamba  ryagenewe kubyazwa umusaruro nk’uko bigenwa n’iri tegeko.<ref name=":5" /> # '''Ishyamba ry’umuntu:''' ishyamba ryatewe na nyiraryo, na Leta, umuganda cyangwa undi uwo ari we wese ku butaka bw’umuntu, iryatewe n’abantu bishyize hamwe bafite cyangwa badafite ubuzima gatozi  ku butaka bwabo.<ref name=":1" /> # '''Itwika rigamije gukingira ishyamba:''' gutwika inkengero cyangwa  imihora iri hagati mu ishyamba  mu rwego rwo kuririnda inkongi z’umuriro.<ref name=":2" /> # '''Kwicira:''' igikorwa  cyo gutema ibiti bimwe na bimwe mu ishyamba rigikura hagamijwe kongera umusaruro waryo no kongera ubwiza bw’ibiti bisigaye.<ref name=":3" /> # '''Minisitiri:''' Ministiri ufite amashyamba  mu nshingano ze. # '''Ubuhanga mu kubungabunga amashyamba:''' uburyo bwo gucunga, gukoresha, gufata neza amashyamba n’ibiti, kuyabyaza umusaruro no gufata neza ubutaka budateweho ibiti ariko buri mu gace kagenewe amashyamba.<ref name=":4" /> # '''Ubumenyi mu by’amashyamba:''' ubuhanga bwo gutera amashyamba, kuyitaho, kuyasarura no kongerera agaciro ibiyakomokaho;<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":5">https://audiomack.com/radio_rwanda/song/imicungire-nimikoreshereze-yamashyamba-mu-rwanda</ref><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" /> ==== Indanganturo ==== 37ha59ebmgd8mlqoa87yvugjv1zyxr2 133879 133878 2026-07-20T19:26:50Z Niyonagirajoy 18593 Impinduka ntoya 133879 wikitext text/x-wiki Aya ni amwe mu magambo n'ibisobanuro by’ingenzi bigenga urwego rw’amashyamba mu [[Rwanda]], nk'uko biteganywa n' Itegeko Rigenga [[Amashyamba]] n’Ibiti [https://www.rfa.rw/index.php?eID=dumpFile&t=f&f=105761&token=f0c3ddf206bbf998c7f564c62c8c5128a84e714a]. Aya mabwiriza afasha mu kurengera no kubungabunga ibidukikije ndetse no kumenya uko [[Ibiti byimeza|ibiti]] byitabwaho no gusarurwa.[https://www.policyvault.africa/wp-content/uploads/policy/RWA223.pdf] # '''Amabwiriza arebana n’amashyamba:''' amabwiriza ya Ministiri ateganywa n’iritegeko.<ref name=":0">https://www.google.com/search?q=imikoreshereze+yamashyamba&oq=imiko&gs_lcrp=EgZjaHJvbWUqBggBECMYJzIGCAAQRRg5MgYIARAjGCcyDAgCEAAYFBiHAhiABDIHCAMQABiABDIHCAQQABiABDIHCAUQABiABDIHCAYQABiABDIPCAcQABgKGIMBGLEDGIAEMgcICBAAGIAEMgkICRAAGAoYgATSAQg3MDE5ajBqN6gCCLACAQ&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8</ref> # '''Gufata neza''' '''amashyamba''': uburyo butuma amashyamba arindwa,  afatwa neza, avugururwa kandi akabyazwa umusaruro ku buryo burambye.<ref name=":1">https://www.google.com/search?q=imikoreshereze+yamashyamba&oq=imiko&gs_lcrp=EgZjaHJvbWUqBggBECMYJzIGCAAQRRg5MgYIARAjGCcyDAgCEAAYFBiHAhiABDIHCAMQABiABDIHCAQQABiABDIHCAUQABiABDIHCAYQABiABDIPCAcQABgKGIMBGLEDGIAEMgcICBAAGIAEMgkICRAAGAoYgATSAQg3MDE5ajBqN6gCCLACAQ&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8</ref> # '''Gufatira:''' igikorwa cyo kwambura by’agateganyo umuntu uburengazira bwo gukoresha ibikomoka ku mashyamba n’ibikoresho byifashishijwe bitewe n’uko atubahirije ibiteganywa n’iri tegeko.<ref name=":0" /> # '''Gukonorera:''' igikorwa cyo gukorera  amashyamba hatemwa amashami make yo hasi ku biti bitayatakaza mu buryo bwa kamere yabyo bigakorwa hagamijwe kongera ubwiza  bw’igihimba.<ref name=":1" /> # '''Gukoresha ishyamba:''' gusarura ibikomoka ku mashyamba kimwe no kuyakoresha mu bukerarugendo, mu kwidagadura cyangwa mumirimo irebana n’ibidukikije n’ubushakashatsi.<ref name=":2">https://audiomack.com/radio_rwanda/song/imicungire-nimikoreshereze-yamashyamba-mu-rwanda</ref> # '''Gukuraho ishyamba:''' kurandura ibiti cyangwa kubitema n’ibish'''y'''itsi bikarandurwa kugira ngo ubutaka ryari ririho bukoreshwe ikindi.<ref name=":3">https://www.iucn.org/sites/default/files/2024-02/community-approach-guidelines-for-sebeya-project-kinyarwanda-version.pdf</ref> # '''Gusarura ishyamba''': ''' '''gukura mu ishyamba ibikomoka ku mashyamba hagamijwe kubicuruza cyangwa kubikoresha ikindi kintu.<ref name=":3" /> # '''Gutsemba ishyamba:''' ibikorwa byangiza ishyamba bigatuma rishiraho ku buryo ridashobora kwisubira; # '''Ibarura ry’amashyamba:''' inyigo ikorwa kugira ngo mu karere runaka hagaragazwe imiterere n’ingano by’ishyamba cyangwa akarere kagenewe ishyamba.<ref name=":1" /> # '''Ibikomoka mu ishyamba:''' ibiti, ingiga z’ibiti, inkwi, imbaho, amakara, ibarizo, ibishishwa, amakakama, amavuta, amababi, indabo, imbuto, umurama, ubuhiho, ivu, isaso, ubuki, ibihumyo, ibyatsi n’ibindi binyabuzima cyangwa ibibikomokaho, itaka, amabuye, urusekabuye, ibumba, umusenyi n’ibindi bitari ibinyabuzima bikomoka mu ishyamba.<ref name=":3" /> # '''Ibikorwa byo kubungabunga amashyamba:''' ibikorwa bigamije gushyiraho ibyemezo mu rwego rwa tekiniki, ubukungu, inganda, amategeko n’ubutegetsi, kugira ngo bayiteho maze arusheho gutanga umusaruro.<ref name=":0" /> # '''Ibikorwa byo gusubiranya ishyamba:''' ibikorwa bigamije kuziba icyuho mu ishyamba bongeramo ibindi biti cyangwa bakareka ibisanzwe bigakura kugira ngo ritange umusaruro ukwiye ritezweho.<ref name=":1" /> # '''Ibiti bikomye:''' ni ibiti bidasanzwe bifite akamaro kanini mu kubungabunga ibidukikije, kurwanya isuri, no gufata ubutaka, bishyirwaho urutonde na Minisitiri ufite amashyamba mu nshingano.<ref name=":2" /> # '''Ibungabunga rirambye ry’amashyamba:''' ikoreshwa ry’umutungo w’amashyamba ku buryo n’abavuka bawusanga na bo bakawugiraho uruhare n’uburenganzira.<ref name=":4">https://archive.gazettes.africa/archive/rw/2015/rw-government-gazette-dated-2015-07-06-no-27.pdf</ref> # '''Igenamigabi ry’amashyamba:''' inyandiko ikubiyemo ibikorwa bijyanye no gutunganya, gucunga no gukoresha amashyamba mu gihe n’ahantu runaka.<ref name=":3" /> # '''Igenzura ry’ibanze:''' isuzuma  rikorerwa ishyamba hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa gihanga kugira ngo haboneke amakuru y’ibanze arebana n’ishyamba runaka mu rwego rwo gutegura  ibarura ryimbitse cyangwa gufata ibyemezo birebana n’imicungire yaryo.<ref name=":0" /> # '''Igiti:''' ikimera kimara igihe kirekire ku butaka kigira nibura ubuhagarike bwa metero esheshatu (6) gusubiza hejuru iyo gikuze, kikanagira igihimba n’igice cyo hejuru kigizwe n’amashami n’amababi.<ref name=":1" /> # '''Igiti kibazwa:''' igiti kitagenewe gucanwa, gishobora kuba ari igice cy’igiti cyatemwe cyangwa cyaguye,  kibajwe cyangwa kitabajije, gisatuye, kidasatuye cyangwa hari ukundi bakigenje.<ref name=":2" /> # '''Ikigo:''' Ikigo cy’Igihugu gifite mu nshingano zacyo  gucunga no guteza imbere amashyamba.<ref name=":2" /> # '''Ishyamba:''' ubutaka butwikiriwe n’ibiti n’uduti n’ibindi bimera cyangwa ubutaka bwahozeho ibiti rikaba ririmo kwisubira cyangwa barimo guteramo ibindi biti, cyangwa ubutaka butahozeho ibiti bukaba buzigamiwe gutanga ibikomoka ku mashyamba cyangwa imirimo ifitanye isano nayo.<ref name=":1" /> # '''Ishyamba-fatizo:'''  ishyamba rigabanijemo uturere hakurikijwe ibiranga buri karere byihariye. # '''Ishyamba rikomye:'''  ishyamba ridashobora gukorerwamo imirimo iyo ari yo yose keretse ibyagenwa ukundi n’iri tegeko.<ref name=":3" /> # '''Ishyamba ry’Akarere:''' ishyamba riri ku butaka bw’Akarere ryatewe n’Akarere, umushinga w’Akarere, umuganda cyangwa urundi rwego urwo ari rwo rwose rukorana n’Akarere,  iryo ku nkengero z’imihanda y’Akarere, n’iryeguriwe Akarere.<ref name=":0" /> # '''Ishyamba rya Leta:''' ishyamba riri ku  butaka bwa Leta ryatewe na Leta, umushinga wa Leta, umuganda cyangwa urundi rwego urwo ari rwo rwose, irya cyimeza, iryo ku nkengero z’imihanda ya Leta, iryo ku nkengero z’inzuzi n’ibiyaga,  iryeguriwe Leta n’ishyamba ryose ritagira nyiraryo.<ref name=":4" /> # '''Ishyamba ryo kubyaza umusaruro:''' ishyamba  ryagenewe kubyazwa umusaruro nk’uko bigenwa n’iri tegeko.<ref name=":5" /> # '''Ishyamba ry’umuntu:''' ishyamba ryatewe na nyiraryo, na Leta, umuganda cyangwa undi uwo ari we wese ku butaka bw’umuntu, iryatewe n’abantu bishyize hamwe bafite cyangwa badafite ubuzima gatozi  ku butaka bwabo.<ref name=":1" /> # '''Itwika rigamije gukingira ishyamba:''' gutwika inkengero cyangwa  imihora iri hagati mu ishyamba  mu rwego rwo kuririnda inkongi z’umuriro.<ref name=":2" /> # '''Kwicira:''' igikorwa  cyo gutema ibiti bimwe na bimwe mu ishyamba rigikura hagamijwe kongera umusaruro waryo no kongera ubwiza bw’ibiti bisigaye.<ref name=":3" /> # '''Minisitiri:''' Ministiri ufite amashyamba  mu nshingano ze. # '''Ubuhanga mu kubungabunga amashyamba:''' uburyo bwo gucunga, gukoresha, gufata neza amashyamba n’ibiti, kuyabyaza umusaruro no gufata neza ubutaka budateweho ibiti ariko buri mu gace kagenewe amashyamba.<ref name=":4" /> # '''Ubumenyi mu by’amashyamba:''' ubuhanga bwo gutera amashyamba, kuyitaho, kuyasarura no kongerera agaciro ibiyakomokaho;<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":5">https://audiomack.com/radio_rwanda/song/imicungire-nimikoreshereze-yamashyamba-mu-rwanda</ref><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" /> ==== Indanganturo ==== j3oge5y3a0hl8zpqe7zg8zncc8a6cn5 0 19094 133882 109816 2026-07-20T21:06:26Z Clemy Keza 18414 Ppunctuation 133882 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Ahantu abantu babarizwa.jpg|thumb|Ahantu]] == Ahantu == [[Dosiye:Ni ahantu Inka zororokera.jpg|thumb|Ahantu ]] Ahantu hahehereye hazwiho kuba urusobe rw’ibintu bihumeka n’ibidahumeka bikoze ireme n’umwimerere by’ahantu mu rwego rw’ibidukikije bitanga umusaruro kurusha ibindi ku isi. Bimwe mu byo dukesha ahantu hahehereye, ari byo abantu bungukiramo ni ukwisubiranya, kw’ibitunga ubutaka, gukumira ibyondo n’iyandura, kugabanya imyuzure no gusubiza amazi mu butaka.<ref>https://rba.co.rw/post/Min-Mujawamariya-Hakenewe-ubufatanye-bwinzego-mu-kubungabunga-ibidukikije#google_vignette</ref> == Inyamaswa == Hejuru y’izo nyungu z’uburyo buziguye, ahantu hahehereye ni ho hakomoka inyamaswa, amafi, ibiti n’ibiti by’ishyamba bifite umubyimba woroheje (non-timber products) byinshi abaturage bakoresha cyane. Icy’ikubitiro nanone, ubutaka bw’ahantu hahehereye bushobora kugira agaciro kanini mu byerekeranye n’ubuhinzi bukoreshejwe neza. == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Ishyamba]] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] mxfc6ipkr2zik4um06rid1lv2xzexdr 0 19284 133999 132958 2026-07-22T10:59:59Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 133999 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Palast Rock''' ni Hoteri iherereye mu Kagari ka Nyamata mu mujyi w' u [[Nyamata|Murenge wa Nyamata]], [[akarere ka Bugesera]] mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba|ntara y'Uburasirazuba]] bw'u [[Rwanda]] . <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bugesera.gov.rw/default-05333b7a14 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-08-28 |archive-date=2024-05-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240502214410/https://www.bugesera.gov.rw/default-05333b7a14 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://igisabo.rw/2021/04/07/palast-rock-hotel-ubutumwa-bwo-kwibuka-27/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-08-28 |archive-date=2024-08-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240828093559/https://igisabo.rw/2021/04/07/palast-rock-hotel-ubutumwa-bwo-kwibuka-27/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Serivisi == Hoteri itanga serivisi ku bakiriya bifuza kurara, kwakira ubukwe, pisine, masage, ifunguro na resitora, siporo gym, n'ibyumba by'inama.<ref>https://www.palasthotelrwanda.com/service.html</ref> == Indanganturo == [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ubucuruzi]] [[Ikiciro:Ubukerarugendo mu Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Bugesera]] aebpcgotfy2woaxli8txu3o0adqwr5j 0 19285 133965 130241 2026-07-22T06:24:55Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 133965 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Bugesera district map.jpg|thumb|Ikarita y'akarere ka Bugesera ]] [[Akarere ka Bugesera]] gaherereye mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba|Ntara y'Uburasirazuba]] bw'u [[Rwanda]], kagizwe n'Imirenge cumi n'itanu (15), Utugari mirongo irindwi na tubiri (72), ndetse n'imidugudu magana atanu na mirongo inani n'umwe (581). Aha turibanda ku mirenge mu gihe wakwifuza amakuru wakwifashisha nomero za terelefone z'abayobozi kuva ku karere kugeza ku mudugudu.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bugesera.gov.rw/default-05333b7a14 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-08-28 |archive-date=2024-05-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240502214410/https://www.bugesera.gov.rw/default-05333b7a14 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[[:en:Bugesera_District#:~:text=Bugesera%20district%20is%20divided%20into,%2C%20Ruhuha%2C%20Rweru%20and%20Shyara.|https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bugesera_District#:~:text=Bugesera%20district%20is%20divided%20into,%2C%20Ruhuha%2C%20Rweru%20and%20Shyara.]]</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://muhaziyacu.rw/amakuru/imirenge-yose-yo-muri-bugesera-yahawe-aba-gitifu-bashya/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-08-28 |archive-date=2025-02-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250228094507/https://muhaziyacu.rw/amakuru/imirenge-yose-yo-muri-bugesera-yahawe-aba-gitifu-bashya/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Urutonde rw'Imirenge == === Umurenge wa Nyamata === [[Nyamata]] ni umurenge w'umugi, ndetse ni naho ibiro bikuru by'akarere ka Bugesera kubatse, ukaba igizwe n'utugari dutanu Kanazi, Nyamata Ville, Kayumba, Maranyundo, Murama, mu gihe wakwifuza amakuru ukaba wakwifashisha nomero zatazwe haruguru. === Umurenge wa Ntarama === [[Umurenge wa Ntarama|Ntarama]] ni umurenge w'umugi nawo, cyane ko ariwo murenge ushyikiramo iyo uturutse i Kigali uza i Bugesera unyuze mu muhanda wa kaburimbo, ukaba igizwe n'utugari dutatu aritwo Cyugaro, Kanzenze, Kibungo, uyu Murenge ufite ubuso bunini budatuwe ndetse ukaba ukeneye abashora imari yabo cyane mu buhinzi mu gihe wakwifuza amakuru ukaba wakwifashisha nomero zatazwe haruguru. === Umurenge wa Mayange === Mayange ni Umurenge w'umugi nawo, cyane ko hagiye hashyira ibikorwa by'iterambere bitandukanye kubera umushinga wa Millemium Village Project wakoreyemo, uyu murenge unyurwamo n'umuhanda wa kaburimbo ukaba igizwe n'utugari dutanu aritwo Kibenga, Kagenge, Gakamba, Kabirizi, Mbyo. Uyu murenge ufite ubuso bunini budatuwe ndetse ukaba ukeneye abashora imari yabo cyane mu buhinzi mu gihe wakwifuza amakuru ukaba wakwifashisha nomero zatazwe haruguru. === Umurenge wa Musenyi === Musenyi ni umurenge ugaragara nk'icyaro, nubwo ufite abaturage benshi, imishinga itandukanye iri kuwukorerwamo cyane uwo kuwugezamo amashanyarazi ukaba igizwe n'utugari tune aitwo Musenyi, Gicaca, Rulindo, Nyagihunika. Mu buhinzi uyu murenge uteye imbere cyane kubera ukikijwe n'amazi mu gihe wakwifuza amakuru ukaba wakwifashisha nomero zatazwe haruguru. === Umurenge wa Mwogo === Mwogo ni umurenge ugaragara nk'icyaro, ukorerwamo cyane ubuhinzi ku buso buhuje ku muceri mu gishanga cya rurambi, ndetse n'urutoke, ukaba ukorerwamo cyane n'imirimo y'ubworozi ukaba igizwe n' utugari tune Rurenge, Bitaba, Rugunga na Kagasa buhinzi uyu murenge uteye imbere cyane kubera ukikijwe n'amazi mu gihe wakwifuza amakuru ukaba wakwifashisha nomero zatazwe haruguru. === Umurenge wa Juru === [[Umurenge wa Juru|Juru]] ni Umurenge ugaragara nk'icyaro, ukorerwamo cyane ubuhinzi ku buso buhuje ku rutoke, ukaba ukorerwamo cyane n'imirimo y'ubworozi bw'inzuki, ndetse hakaba hagaragara amabuye meza y'ubwibatsi atandukanye ukaba igizwe n' utugari dutanu Kabukuba, Mugorore, Juru, Rwinume, na Musovu ku yandi makuru ukaba wakwifashisha nomero zatazwe haruguru. === Umurenge wa Rilima === [[Rilima]] ni Umurenge ufite ibiyaga byinshi, ukorerwamo cyane ubuhinzi ku buso buhuje ku bishyimbo n'ibigoro, ukaba uteganywa kubakwamo ikibuga cy'indege  ugizwe n' utugari dutanu Nyabagendwa, Kabeza, Kimaranzara, Karera, na Ntarama ku yandi makuru ukaba wakwifashisha nomero zatazwe haruguru. === Umurenge wa Gashora === [[Gashora]] ni Umurenge ukorerwamo cyane ubuhinzi ku buso buhuje ku bishyimbo n'ibigoro, ukaba ugizwe n'utugari dutanu Biryogo, Kabuye, Kagomasi, Mwendo, na Ramiro ku yandi makuru ukaba wakwifashisha nomero zatazwe haruguru. === Umurenge wa Rweru === Rweru ni Umurenge  ukorerwamo cyane ubuhinzi ku buso buhuje ku bishyimbo n'ibigoro, ukaba ugizwe n'utugari dutanu Sharita, Batima, Kintambwe, Mazane (Abaturage bakimuwemo kubera kari mu manegeka), Nemba, Nkanga ku yandi makuru ukaba wakwifashisha nomero zatazwe haruguru. Umurenge wa Kamabaye Kamabuye ni Umurenge uherereye ku mupaka w'uRwanda n'uBurundi ukorerwamo cyane ubuhinzi ku buso bw'imyumbati n'ibigo buhuje, ukaba ugizwe n'utugari dutanu Burenge, Biharagu, Nyakayaga, Tunda, na Kampeka hakaba hari ibiyaga bifasha aribyo cyohohaha, ku yandi makuru ukaba wakwifashisha nomero zatazwe haruguru. === Umurenge wa Ngeruka === Ngeruka ni Umurenge uherereye ukaba ufite ubuso bunini, ndetse hagakorerwa ibikorwa bitandukanye cyane cyane ubuhinzi bw'imyumbati umurenge ugizwe n'utugari dutanu Murama, Rutonde, Ngeruka, Nyakayenzi, na Gihembe ku yandi makuru ukaba wakwifashisha nomero zatazwe haruguru. === Umurenge wa Ruhuha === Ruhuha ni Umurenge uteye imbere ukaba ugaragari nk'ihuriro ry'Imirenge ya Ngeruka, Shyara, Mareba, hakorerwa ibikorwa cyane by'ubucuruzi, ariko ubuhinzi buteye imbere harimo umuceri (Hari uruganda ry'Umuceri) cyane cyane ubuhinzi bw'imbuto (Inyanya, Ubunyobwa, imyebwe) ugizwe n'utugari dutanu Ruhuha, Bihari, Kindama, Gikundamvura, na Gatanga ku yandi makuru ukaba wakwifashisha nomero zatazwe haruguru. === Umurenge wa Mareba === Mareba ni Umurenge ukorerwamo ubuhinzi cyane bw'umuceri kuko hagaragara ibishanga bitanduakanye bikorerwamo ubuhinzi bw'umuceri, hakaba hari igishanga kinini cyo gukamura kugingo hakorerwemo ibikorwa by'ubuhinzi bishobora gutanga umusaruro uhagije, ugizwe n'utugari dutanu Gakomeye, Bushenyi, Nyamigina, Rango, na Rugarama ku yandi makuru ukaba wakwifashisha nomero zatazwe haruguru. === Umurenge wa Shyara === Shyara ni Umurenge ukorerwamo ubuhinzi cyane bw'umuceri, ndetse hakaba n'ubutaka bwiza butanga amatafari y'ubwubatsi, ukaba uhana urubibe n'akarere ka Nyanza mu majyepfo ukaba ugizwe n'utugari dutanu Nziranziza, Rebero, Kamabuye, Rutare, na Kabagugu ku yandi makuru ukaba wakwifashisha nomero zatazwe haruguru. === Umurenge wa Nyarugenge === [[Umurenge wa Nyarugenge|Nyarugenge]] ni Umurenge ukorerwamo ubuhinzi cyane bw'imyumbando, ndetse , ukaba uhana ukaba ugizwe n'utugari dutanu Murambi, Ngenda, Gihinga, Kabuye, na Rugando ku yandi makuru ukaba wakwifashisha nomero zatazwe haruguru. == Indanganturo == [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Intara y'iburasirazuba]] [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Bugesera]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda]] s1mqpiz2y7j5udq8jcay6y0cxkm6l9p 0 19292 134036 117536 2026-07-22T15:30:34Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 134036 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Akarere ka Bugesera]] kagizwe n'Utugari mirongo irindwi na tubiri (72), Urwego rw'Akagari n' u Rwego ruyoborwa n'Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa w'Akagali, Afatanyije n'Ushinzwe Imibereho Myiza, ndetse n'iterambere -SEDO (Social Economic Development Officer), nirwo rwego rwegereye abaturage, rukaba rushinzwe cyane cyane ubukangurambaga mu buhinzi, ubworozi, ubuzima, ndetse na gahunda za Leta.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bugesera.gov.rw/default-05333b7a14 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-08-28 |archive-date=2024-05-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240502214410/https://www.bugesera.gov.rw/default-05333b7a14 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://m.imvahonshya.co.rw/bugesera-abaturage-biyuzurije-ibiro-byakagari-ka-rugunga-byatwaye-miliyoni-zisanga-70/</ref> == Komite == Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa w'Akagari akorana bya hafi n'inzego zatowe n'abaturage cyane Njyanama, abashinzwe ubuzima n'abandi bashobora gufasha mu iterambere rusange ry'Abaturage. Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa n'Uwo bafatanya - SEDO batanga raporo ku rwego rw'Umurenge, Mu gihe mwakifufa kuvugisha Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa w'Akagari, cyangwa Ushinzwe Iterambere n'Imibereho myiza ku Kagari Mwakwifashisha nomero musanga kuri link ikurikira. == Indanganturo == [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Bugesera]] [[Ikiciro:Intara y'iburasirazuba]] l8o9bxxjfb4iuemik11jubuygx4r4rs 0 19294 134037 117539 2026-07-22T15:30:38Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 134037 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Akarere ka Bugesera]] kagizwe n'imidugudu magana atanu mirongo inani n'Umwe (581), nkuko bisanzwe iyi midugudu iyoborwa n'Abaturage cyane ko Abaturage bose bagize umugudugu aribo bafata icyemezo mu nteko rusange y'umudugudu ku iterambere ry'Umudugudu.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bugesera.gov.rw/default-05333b7a14 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-08-28 |archive-date=2024-05-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240502214410/https://www.bugesera.gov.rw/default-05333b7a14 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://muhaziyacu.rw/amakuru/bugesera-abagore-bahize-kugira-umudugudu-ntangarugero-muri-buri-murenge/</ref><ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/bugesera-abakuru-b-imidugudu-bahawe-amagare-yitezweho-kubafasha-kwegera-abo</ref> == Imiyoborere == Abaturage bitoramo abayobozi barimo Umukuru w'umudugudu, abanyabuzima, abakurikirana umutekano, ndetse n'abajyanama, umudugudu utanga raporo ku rwego rw'Akagari nubwo umuyobozi w'umudugudu aba ari umukorera bushake (Adahembwa).<ref>https://muhaziyacu.rw/amakuru/bugesera-abayobozi-bimidugudu-barenga-560-bahawe-amagare-amafoto/</ref> == Serivisi == Muri service zitangirwa ku mugudugu hari ibyangobwa, ndetse n'ibyemezo bihabwa abaturage, umudugudu kandi ukorana n'izindi nzego zishinzwe cyane ibijyanye n'Iterambere rusange, Umutekano, ndetse n'Umutuzo w'Abaturage n'ibyabo. == Indanganturo == [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Bugesera]] [[Ikiciro:Intara y'iburasirazuba]] ghbda3dbuucw80dskgr2esisk33orsd 0 19304 133990 127556 2026-07-22T09:20:32Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 133990 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Akarere ka Rwamagana]] kashyizweho n’itegeko muri Mutarama 2006, ni kamwe mu turere 7 tugize [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba|intara y’Iburasirazuba]], akaba ari nako karimo icyicaro cy’[[Intara y'Iburasirazuba|Intara]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.rwamagana.gov.rw/default-e9d7c2d4f1 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-08-29 |archive-date=2023-12-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231218135359/https://www.rwamagana.gov.rw/default-e9d7c2d4f1 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.ktpress.rw/2023/12/2024-presidential-legislative-elections-rwandans-to-go-to-polls-on-july-15/</ref><ref>https://www.ktpress.rw/2022/09/rwamagana-district-procurement-authority-in-blame-game-before-pac/</ref> == Amateka == Akarere ka Rwamagana, kagizwe n’icyari Akarere ka Muhazi, icyari akarere ka Bicumbi, Imirenge 2 yari iya Gasabo ( Fumbwe na Mununu) n’Imirenge 3 yari iya Kabarondo (Kaduha, Rweru na Nkungu) hiyongereyeho icyari Umujyi wa Rwamagana. [[Akarere ka Rwamagana]] gahana imbibi n’utundi turere ku buryo bukurikira:  Mu majyaruguru yako hari uturere twa [[Akarere ka Gatsibo|Gatsibo]] na [[Akarere ka Gicumbi|Gicumbi]], Mu burasirazuba bwako hari [[Akarere ka Kayonza]], Mu majyepfo yako hari uturere twa [[Akarere ka Ngoma|Ngoma]] na [[Akarere ka Bugesera|Bugesera]], naho mu burengerazuba bwako hari Uturere twa [[Akarere ka Kicukiro|Kicukiro]] na [[Akarere ka Gasabo|Gasabo]]. [[Akarere ka Rwamagana]] kagizwe n’Imirenge 14, Utugali 82 n’Imidugudu 474. Gafite ubuso bungana na 682 km2 n’abaturage 484,953, bari ku bucucike bwa 740/Km2. == Indanganturo == [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Intara y'iburasirazuba]] [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Rwamagana]] nnpg2ak4x65y6ko15uvz8lu2pgm247t 0 19376 133975 132907 2026-07-22T08:19:55Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 133975 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Akarere ka Rwamagana]] ni kamwe mu turere turindwi tugize [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba|intare y'Iburasirazuba]] bw'u [[Rwanda]]. Ku wa 9 Ugushyingo 2023, mu nteko rusange, Ubuyobozi bw’Akarere bwiyemeje gufatanya n’Ihuriro ry’Abafatanyabikorwa, JADF mu gukura mu bukene imiryango 4000 mu gihe cy’imyaka ibiri.<ref name=":0">https://www.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/rwamagana-akarere-kiyemeje-gukura-mu-bukene-imiryango-4000-mu-myaka-ibiri</ref> == Amateka == [[Akarere ka Rwamagana]] kagizwe n’Imirenge 14, Utugali 82 n’Imidugudu 474. Gafite ubuso bungana na 682 km2 n’abaturage 484,953, bari ku bucucike bwa 740/Km2.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.rwamagana.gov.rw/default-e9d7c2d4f1 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-09-06 |archive-date=2023-12-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231218135359/https://www.rwamagana.gov.rw/default-e9d7c2d4f1 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Mu nama yo ku wa 9 Ugushyingo 2023, Umuyobozi w’[[Akarere ka Rwamagana]] wungirije ushinzwe imibereho myiza y’abaturage, [[Umutoni Jeanne]] yagaragaje ko [[Akarere ka Rwamagana]] gafite ingo zisaga ibihumbi 26 zikennye kandi ko kihaye intego ko nibura ingo 4000 zigomba kuba zavuye mu bukene myaka ibiri2024 na 2025, akaba ari naho ubuyobozi bwasabye aba bafatanyabikorwa kubafasha mu gukurikirana aba baturage bakava mu bukene binyuze mu bikorwa bitandukanye bizakorerwa abaturage.<ref name=":0" /> == Guhanga akazi == Visi Meya Umutoni yavuze ko bimwe mu byo abaturage bazakorerwa ngo bikure mu bukene harimo guhabwa ifumbire, amatungo, ibikoresho ku bana babo biga, abatiga basubizwe mu ishuri abandi bashyirwe mu myuga. Bazahabwa kandi akazi muri VUP, batangirwe mituweli n’ibindi byinshi harimo ibyo bazakorerwa n’Akarere n’ibindi bazakorerwa n’abafatanyabikorwa. <ref name=":0" /> Umuhuzabikorwa w’[[Akarere ka Rwamagana|Abafatanyabikorwa b’Akarere ka Rwamagana]], Uwayezu Valens, yavuze ko bari basanzwe bafasha abaturage ku giti cyabo ariko ko ubu bagiye guhuza imbaraga mu kugabana abaturage 4000 ku buryo buri wese agira uruhare rwe mu kubafasha. == Indanganturo == [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Intara y'iburasirazuba]] [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Rwamagana]] [[Ikiciro:Ubukungu bw’u Rwanda]] g4c6ht15tj2d568204jiribhp0uuxes 0 19681 133861 125949 2026-07-20T14:41:04Z Igiraneza Divine 15375 Impinduka ntoya 133861 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Singing with joy.jpg|thumb|umuririmbyi]] Abahanzi ni abantu bafasha abandi kwishima baka nongera bagasusurutsa ababikeneye kandi ukanashimisha abawukora <ref>Abahanzi ni abantu bafashabandi kwishima baka nongera bagasusurutsa ababikeneye kandi ushobora gusanga nabo bibashimisha</ref> [[Dosiye:Active again.jpg|thumb|Bamwe mu bahanzi]] == <u>AKAMARO K'ABAHANZI</u> == * Abahanzi badufasha kuruhuka mu mutwe mu gihe tunaniwe<ref>Abahanzi badufasha kuruhuka mu mutwe mu gihe tunaniwe</ref> * Abahanzi bafasha igihugu gutera imbere<ref>Abahanzi bafasha igihugu gutera imbere</ref> * Abahanzi bafasha kwiga == <u>IBIBI BY'ABAHANZI</u> == # Batuma abana bishora mu busambanyi # batuma abana bakura batekereza nabi # batuma abana batiga neza<ref>Batuma abana bishora mu busambanyi batuma abana bakura batekereza nabi batuma abana batiga neza</ref> == <u>INGERO Z'ABAHANZI BATANDUKANYE</u> == * chriss eazy * nesa * zeo trap[[Dosiye:Dubois-BD-Traction.jpg|thumb|ibyerekeye abahanzi]]beat killa<ref>chriss eazy nesa zeo trap beat killa</ref> [[Dosiye:Dodge ZEO Concept 003.jpg|thumb|imodoka y'umuhanzi wa mbere mu rwanda]] == IBYO NAVUGA KU BAHANZI NIBYO NGIBYO .<ref>IBYO NAVUGA KU BAHANZI NIBYO NGIBYO .</ref> == <references /> === AMASHAKIRO === q45d42m64o61c6bdq8nt9hi3x51h08l 0 19728 133927 119718 2026-07-21T19:20:19Z Score Beethoven 11559 133927 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Umurenge wa Nkungu''' ni umwe mu [[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|mirenge]] 18 igize [[Akarere ka Rusizi]], mu [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba]] bw’u [[Rwanda]]. == Ubumenyi bw’isi == Umurenge wa Nkungu ufite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 38,23. Uhana imbibi n’imirenge ya Giheke, Nyakarenzo, Nyakabuye na Gitambi yo mu Karere ka Rusizi, ndetse na Karengera na Ruharambuga yo mu [[Akarere ka Nyamasheke]].<ref name="citypopulation">[https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/rusizi/3614__nkungu/ « Nkungu (Sector, Rwanda) »], ''City Population'', yasuwe ku wa 21 Nyakanga 2026.</ref> == Imiterere y’ubuyobozi == Umurenge wa Nkungu ugizwe n’utugari tune n’imidugudu 40: * '''Gatare''': Bahuro, Cyandarama, Kimpundu, Kivugiza, Madaho, Njambwe, Rubona na Rutegamatwi; * '''Kiziguro''': Byugaro, Gasarabuye, Kabigohe, Kabuga, Kabuganza, Kadashya, Kamabuye, Karongoro, Mpinga, Mukenke, Rebero na Ryamibuga; * '''Mataba''': Gashashi, Gatagara, Gatondo, Gikombe, Honga, Kabinyugwe, Kamajumba, Migazo, Muhora, Rubona na Rwamaraba; * '''Ryamuhirwa''': Gako, Gatarange, Kigurwe, Kinanira, Kiyanza, Nyarushishi, Rugabe, Rususa na Ryamaraza.<ref>[https://gitlab.com/Bercove/rwanda-locations/-/blob/master/Rwanda_Locations.json « Rwanda Locations »], ''GitLab'', yasuwe ku wa 21 Nyakanga 2026.</ref> == Abaturage == Ibarura rusange ry’abaturage ryo mu 2022 ryagaragaje ko Umurenge wa Nkungu wari utuwe n’abaturage 21.696. Ubucucike bw’abaturage bwari abantu 568 kuri kilometero kare. Mu 2012, umurenge wari utuwe n’abaturage 20.697.<ref name="citypopulation"/> == Ubuzima == Umurenge ufite Ikigo Nderabuzima cya Nkungu, gitanga serivisi z’ubuvuzi ku baturage bo muri Nkungu no mu bice biyikikije.<ref>[https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/26101/health-centre-lacks-crucial-equipment « Health Centre lacks crucial equipment »], ''The New Times'', 23 Nzeri 2009, yasuwe ku wa 21 Nyakanga 2026.</ref> == Ubukungu == Ubuhinzi n’ubworozi biri mu bikorwa by’ingenzi by’ubukungu muri Nkungu. Icyayi kiri mu bihingwa bihingwa muri uyu murenge, aho bamwe mu baturage bakora mu mirima y’icyayi ihabwa umusaruro n’uruganda rwa Shagasha.<ref>Muhire Donatien, [https://umuseke.rw/inkuba-yatwaye-ubuzima-bwumuntu/ « Inkuba yatwaye ubuzima bw’umuntu »], ''Umuseke'', 30 Nzeri 2025, yasuwe ku wa 21 Nyakanga 2026.</ref> Muri Nkungu kandi hakorera ishyirahamwe Zirarese Nkungu rikusanya amata y’aborozi kugira ngo agezwe ku isoko. Mu 2018 ryubakiwe inyubako ifite agaciro ka miliyoni 17,5 z’amafaranga y’u Rwanda ku bufatanye bwa Caritas ya Diyosezi ya Cyangugu n’Urwego rw’Igihugu rw’Iterambere.<ref>Fidèle Nshimiyimana, [https://www.diocesecyangugu.com/en/cyangugu-diocesan-caritas-has-built-a-house-for-zirarese-nkungu/ « Cyangugu Diocesan Caritas has built a house for “Zirarese Nkungu” »], ''Diyosezi Gatolika ya Cyangugu'', 6 Ukuboza 2018, yasuwe ku wa 21 Nyakanga 2026.</ref> Ishyamba rya Cyamudongo, riri hafi y’umurenge, ni igice cya [[Pariki y'Igihugu ya Nyungwe]] kandi ribamo inyamaswa zirimo inguge zo mu bwoko bw’impundu.<ref name="caritas">[https://www.diocesecyangugu.com/en/cyangugu-diocesan-caritas-has-built-a-house-for-zirarese-nkungu/ « Cyangugu Diocesan Caritas has built a house for “Zirarese Nkungu” »], ''Diyosezi Gatolika ya Cyangugu'', 6 Ukuboza 2018, yasuwe ku wa 21 Nyakanga 2026.</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Rusizi]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Nkungu]] n82x5eovpqethhoy5g9je9wup1t8su0 133928 133927 2026-07-21T19:25:09Z Score Beethoven 11559 /* Ubukungu */ 133928 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Umurenge wa Nkungu''' ni umwe mu [[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|mirenge]] 18 igize [[Akarere ka Rusizi]], mu [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba]] bw’u [[Rwanda]]. == Ubumenyi bw’isi == Umurenge wa Nkungu ufite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 38,23. Uhana imbibi n’imirenge ya Giheke, Nyakarenzo, Nyakabuye na Gitambi yo mu Karere ka Rusizi, ndetse na Karengera na Ruharambuga yo mu [[Akarere ka Nyamasheke]].<ref name="citypopulation">[https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/rusizi/3614__nkungu/ « Nkungu (Sector, Rwanda) »], ''City Population'', yasuwe ku wa 21 Nyakanga 2026.</ref> == Imiterere y’ubuyobozi == Umurenge wa Nkungu ugizwe n’utugari tune n’imidugudu 40: * '''Gatare''': Bahuro, Cyandarama, Kimpundu, Kivugiza, Madaho, Njambwe, Rubona na Rutegamatwi; * '''Kiziguro''': Byugaro, Gasarabuye, Kabigohe, Kabuga, Kabuganza, Kadashya, Kamabuye, Karongoro, Mpinga, Mukenke, Rebero na Ryamibuga; * '''Mataba''': Gashashi, Gatagara, Gatondo, Gikombe, Honga, Kabinyugwe, Kamajumba, Migazo, Muhora, Rubona na Rwamaraba; * '''Ryamuhirwa''': Gako, Gatarange, Kigurwe, Kinanira, Kiyanza, Nyarushishi, Rugabe, Rususa na Ryamaraza.<ref>[https://gitlab.com/Bercove/rwanda-locations/-/blob/master/Rwanda_Locations.json « Rwanda Locations »], ''GitLab'', yasuwe ku wa 21 Nyakanga 2026.</ref> == Abaturage == Ibarura rusange ry’abaturage ryo mu 2022 ryagaragaje ko Umurenge wa Nkungu wari utuwe n’abaturage 21.696. Ubucucike bw’abaturage bwari abantu 568 kuri kilometero kare. Mu 2012, umurenge wari utuwe n’abaturage 20.697.<ref name="citypopulation"/> == Ubuzima == Umurenge ufite Ikigo Nderabuzima cya Nkungu, gitanga serivisi z’ubuvuzi ku baturage bo muri Nkungu no mu bice biyikikije.<ref>[https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/26101/health-centre-lacks-crucial-equipment « Health Centre lacks crucial equipment »], ''The New Times'', 23 Nzeri 2009, yasuwe ku wa 21 Nyakanga 2026.</ref> == Ibikorwa, ubukungu == Ubuhinzi n’ubworozi biri mu bikorwa by’ingenzi by’ubukungu muri Nkungu. Icyayi kiri mu bihingwa bihingwa muri uyu murenge, aho bamwe mu baturage bakora mu mirima y’icyayi ihabwa umusaruro n’uruganda rwa Shagasha.<ref>Muhire Donatien, [https://umuseke.rw/inkuba-yatwaye-ubuzima-bwumuntu/ « Inkuba yatwaye ubuzima bw’umuntu »], ''Umuseke'', 30 Nzeri 2025, yasuwe ku wa 21 Nyakanga 2026.</ref> Muri Nkungu kandi hakorera ishyirahamwe Zirarese Nkungu rikusanya amata y’aborozi kugira ngo agezwe ku isoko. Mu 2018 ryubakiwe inyubako ifite agaciro ka miliyoni 17,5 z’amafaranga y’u Rwanda ku bufatanye bwa Caritas ya Diyosezi ya Cyangugu n’Urwego rw’Igihugu rw’Iterambere.<ref>Fidèle Nshimiyimana, [https://www.diocesecyangugu.com/en/cyangugu-diocesan-caritas-has-built-a-house-for-zirarese-nkungu/ « Cyangugu Diocesan Caritas has built a house for “Zirarese Nkungu” »], ''Diyosezi Gatolika ya Cyangugu'', 6 Ukuboza 2018, yasuwe ku wa 21 Nyakanga 2026.</ref> Ishyamba rya Cyamudongo, riri hafi y’umurenge, ni igice cya [[Pariki y'Igihugu ya Nyungwe]] kandi ribamo inyamaswa zirimo inguge zo mu bwoko bw’impundu.<ref name="caritas">[https://www.diocesecyangugu.com/en/cyangugu-diocesan-caritas-has-built-a-house-for-zirarese-nkungu/ « Cyangugu Diocesan Caritas has built a house for “Zirarese Nkungu” »], ''Diyosezi Gatolika ya Cyangugu'', 6 Ukuboza 2018, yasuwe ku wa 21 Nyakanga 2026.</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Rusizi]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Nkungu]] 247brpgkazjkbgedcr6bc1p9itmjtw7 0 19731 133929 119726 2026-07-21T19:28:39Z Score Beethoven 11559 133929 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Umurenge wa Giheke''' ni umwe mu [[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|mirenge]] 18 igize [[Akarere ka Rusizi]], mu [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba]] bw’u [[Rwanda]]. == Ubumenyi bw’isi == Umurenge wa Giheke ufite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 35,80. Uhana imbibi n’imirenge ya Gihundwe, Nkungu na Nkanka yo mu Karere ka Rusizi, ndetse na Bushenge na Ruharambuga yo mu [[Akarere ka Nyamasheke]].<ref name="citypopulation">[https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/rusizi/3605__giheke/ « Giheke (Sector, Rwanda) »], ''City Population'', yasuwe ku wa 21 Nyakanga 2026.</ref> == Imiterere y’ubuyobozi == Umurenge wa Giheke ugizwe n’utugari umunani n’imidugudu 36: * '''Cyendajuru''': Burembo, Kabeza, Kibakure na Murinzi; * '''Gakomeye''': Buzi, Gacyamo, Kabuga, Kagarama na Ruvumbu; * '''Giheke''': Karambo, Murambi, Rugombo, Rwumvangoma na Wimana; * '''Kamashangi''': Gitwa, Isha, Kamuhozi na Rukombe; * '''Kigenge''': Gahinga, Gahurubuka na Rwamiko; * '''Ntura''': Bubanga, Kabujyogoro, Kabyuma, Karambi, Kavuye, Kigenge, Ntura na Rebero; * '''Rwega''': Impala, Kanoga na Rwega; * '''Turambi''': Kamuhoza, Munyove, Rwinkwavu na Turambi.<ref>[https://gitlab.com/Bercove/rwanda-locations/-/blob/master/Rwanda_Locations.json « Rwanda Locations »], ''GitLab'', yasuwe ku wa 21 Nyakanga 2026.</ref> == Abaturage == Ibarura rusange ry’abaturage ryo mu 2022 ryagaragaje ko Umurenge wa Giheke wari utuwe n’abaturage 20.740. Ubucucike bw’abaturage bwari abantu 579 kuri kilometero kare. Mu 2012, umurenge wari utuwe n’abaturage 19.359.<ref name="citypopulation"/> == Ubukungu == Ubuhinzi bw’icyayi n’ikawa buri mu bikorwa by’ingenzi by’ubukungu muri Giheke. Muri uyu murenge hari uruganda rwa Shagasha rutunganya icyayi gihingwa n’abahinzi bo muri ako gace. Uruganda rwashinzwe mu 1963 kandi rukorana n’amakoperative y’abahinzi b’icyayi.<ref>[https://visitrusizi.com/parks-and-attractions/rusizi-a-hub-for-sustainable-agriculture/ « Rusizi — A Hub for Sustainable Agriculture »], ''Visit Rusizi'', yasuwe ku wa 21 Nyakanga 2026.</ref> Koperative Gisuma Coffee, ikorera mu Kagari ka Kigenge, yatangiye gukora mu 2010. Ikusanya kandi igatunganya ikawa y’abahinzi bo muri ako gace.<ref>[https://gisumacoffee.rw/about « Our Story »], ''Gisuma Coffee'', yasuwe ku wa 21 Nyakanga 2026.</ref> Muri Giheke kandi hakorera Giheke Dairy, ikusanya kandi igatunganya amata y’aborozi.<ref>[https://gihekedairy.rw/contact.html « Giheke Dairy »], ''Giheke Dairy'', yasuwe ku wa 21 Nyakanga 2026.</ref> == Ubuzima == Abaturage ba Giheke bavurirwa ku Kigo Nderabuzima cya Giheke. Mu Kagari ka Ntura kandi hashyizweho iposita y’ubuzima kugira ngo serivisi z’ubuvuzi zirushaho kwegera abaturage bari basanzwe bakora urugendo rurenga kilometero zirindwi bajya ku kigo nderabuzima.<ref>[https://worldconnect.global/projects/acquisition-of-equipment-for-ntura-health-post « Acquisition of drugs, equipment and health staff for Ntura Health Post »], ''World Connect'', yasuwe ku wa 21 Nyakanga 2026.</ref> Giheke yari kandi mu mirenge yatoranyijwe mu mushinga wo kubaka amaposita arindwi y’ubuzima mu Karere ka Rusizi, watangiye mu 2020.<ref>[https://www.aimf.asso.fr/actualite/construction-de-7-postes-de-sante-a-rusizi-rwanda-les-travaux-avancent/ « Construction de sept postes de santé à Rusizi »], ''Association internationale des maires francophones'', 26 Mutarama 2021, yasuwe ku wa 21 Nyakanga 2026.</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Rusizi]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Giheke]] n98pm3uqeipxmn5aol1rp6efmj66g6c 0 19959 133948 121160 2026-07-21T22:36:49Z Score Beethoven 11559 133948 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Umurenge wa Mukarange''' ni umwe mu mirenge 12 igize [[Akarere ka Kayonza]], mu [[Intara y’Iburasirazuba]] y’u Rwanda. Umujyi wa Kayonza n’icyicaro cy’Akarere ka Kayonza biherereye muri uyu murenge. == Imiterere y’ubuyobozi == Umurenge wa Mukarange ugizwe n’utugari dutanu: * Bwiza * Kayonza * Mburabuturo * Nyagatovu * Rugendabari Akarere ka Kayonza kagizwe n’imirenge 12, utugari 50 n’imidugudu 421.<ref>[https://www.kayonza.gov.rw/en/ « Kayonza District »], urubuga rwemewe rw’Akarere ka Kayonza, rwasuwe ku wa 21 Nyakanga 2026.</ref> == Abaturage == Ibarura rusange ry’abaturage ryo mu 2012 ryagaragaje ko Mukarange yari ituwe n’abaturage 42.055. Mu ibarura ryo mu 2022, abaturage bariyongereye bagera kuri 54.818, barimo abagore 28.074 n’abagabo 26.744.<ref name="population">[https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/kayonza/5404__mukarange/ « Mukarange (Sector, Rwanda) »], ''City Population'', amakuru akomoka mu Kigo cy’Igihugu cy’Ibarurishamibare cy’u Rwanda, yasuwe ku wa 21 Nyakanga 2026.</ref> Muri abo baturage, 29.476 bari batuye mu gice cy’umujyi, naho 25.342 batuye mu cyaro. Abari munsi y’imyaka 15 bari 20.896, abafite hagati y’imyaka 15 na 64 bari 32.271, naho abafite imyaka 65 cyangwa irenga bari 1.651.<ref name="population" /> == Ubukungu n’ibikorwa remezo == Ubuhinzi n’ubucuruzi biri mu bikorwa by’ubukungu bikorerwa muri Mukarange. Muri uyu murenge hubatswe ibikorwa remezo bifasha mu kubika no gutunganya umusaruro w’ubuhinzi, birimo ububiko, imbuga zo kwanikiraho imyaka n’imashini zumisha umusaruro. Ibyo bikorwa bigamije kugabanya umusaruro wangirika nyuma yo gusarurwa no kongera agaciro k’ibikomoka ku buhinzi.<ref>[https://www.kayonza.gov.rw/soma-ibindi/kayonza-goverineri-rubingisa-yasuye-ibikorwaremezo-bibikwamo-bikanatunganyirizwamo-umusaruro-ukomoka-ku-buhinzi « Kayonza: Guverineri Rubingisa yasuye ibikorwa remezo bibikwamo bikanatunganyirizwamo umusaruro ukomoka ku buhinzi »], Akarere ka Kayonza, 28 Ukwakira 2025.</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Kayonza|Mukarange]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Mukarange]] fcve2s0x8db37df82uidn7x8gwo1y6v 0 20142 133932 131530 2026-07-21T20:54:04Z Score Beethoven 11559 133932 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:LL-Q33573 (kin)-Adeline07-Ngororero.wav|thumb|Uko izina Ngororero rivugwa]] '''Umurenge wa Ngororero''' ni umwe mu mirenge 13 igize [[Akarere ka Ngororero]], mu [[Intara y'Iburengerazuba]]. Muri uyu murenge ni ho hari icyicaro cy’akarere n’umujyi wa Ngororero. == Ubumenyi bw’isi == Umurenge wa Ngororero uherereye hagati mu Karere ka Ngororero. Ufite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 58,50.<ref name="abaturage">[https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/ngororero/3511__ngororero/ « Ngororero (Sector, Rwanda) »], ''City Population'', hashingiwe ku mibare y’Ikigo cy’Igihugu cy’Ibarurishamibare cy’u Rwanda.</ref> Uhana imbibi n’imirenge ya Sovu, Hindiro, Bwira na Kabaya.<ref>[https://www.ngororero.gov.rw/index.php?eID=dumpFile&f=21943&t=f&token=75b4a66b55db52006881b56cfee7ea9bafc67339 Ikarita y’Akarere ka Ngororero], urubuga rw’Akarere ka Ngororero.</ref> == Imiterere y’ubuyobozi == Umurenge wa Ngororero ugizwe n’utugari dutandatu: * Kaseke; * Kazabe; * Mugano; * Nyange; * Rususa; * Torero. Akarere ka Ngororero kagizwe n’imirenge 13, utugari 73 n’imidugudu 419.<ref>[https://www.ngororero.gov.rw/ « Akarere ka Ngororero »], urubuga rwemewe rw’Akarere ka Ngororero.</ref> == Abaturage == Ibarura rusange ry’abaturage n’imiturire ryo mu 2022 ryagaragaje ko Umurenge wa Ngororero wari utuwe n’abaturage 38.823, bavuye ku 34.559 bari bahabaruwe mu 2012.<ref name="abaturage" /> Muri abo baturage bo mu 2022, abagore bari 20.569 naho abagabo bari 18.254. == Ubwikorezi == Umurenge wa Ngororero unyurwamo n’umuhanda Muhanga–Ngororero–Kabaya–Mukamira. Icyicaro cy’Akarere ka Ngororero kiri kuri uwo muhanda, ku birometero 46,6 uvuye i Muhanga no ku birometero 60 ugana i Mukamira.<ref>[https://www.ngororero.gov.rw/ « Menya Akarere ka Ngororero »], urubuga rwemewe rw’Akarere ka Ngororero.</ref> Inyigo y’iterambere ry’ubukungu bw’Akarere ka Ngororero yagaragaje ko imwe mu mihanda ihuza ibice by’akarere yari ikeneye kuvugururwa kugira ngo yoroshye ubwikorezi n’ubucuruzi.<ref>[https://www.ngororero.gov.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/ngororero/Inyandiko/Igenamigambi/Ngororero_District__LED_Strategy__final_doc_approved_by_DC__31_January_2018__new.pdf ''Local Economic Development Strategy for Ngororero District, 2018–2024''], Akarere ka Ngororero, Mutarama 2018.</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Ngororero|Ngororero]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Ngororero]] dffzruc3wrddfcxpqp8kzjmnr38m0qb 0 20150 133964 123816 2026-07-22T06:14:52Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 133964 wikitext text/x-wiki Ikiyaga cya cyambwe giherereye mukarere ka kirehe mumurenge wa nasho iki kiyaga kizwi ku izina rya rwehikama. === IBINYABUZIMA BIGARAGARAMO === .amafi .imvubu .ingona ==== Akamaro ki kiyaga ku karere ==== akarere ka kirehe gashimangirako iki kiyaga gitanga umusaruro munini wamafi kigateza imbere ubuhinzi aho hakurwamo amazi akoreshwa mukuhira muri irrigation nasho. kandi kagashishikariza abaturajye bahegereye kukibungabunga no kwirinda uburobyi butemewe kuko hagaragaramo ibinyabuzima byica nkingona nimvubu.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.kirehe.gov.rw/default-7a9e1f5473 |title=Menya Akarere |access-date=2025-07-16 |archive-date=2023-03-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321211229/https://www.kirehe.gov.rw/default-7a9e1f5473 |url-status=dead }}</ref> i251hi726dilm0j6ujxe1z7s8nip6ht 0 20169 133922 131538 2026-07-21T18:15:12Z Score Beethoven 11559 133922 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:LL-Q33573 (kin)-IRAKOZE Anastase-Busasamana.wav|thumb|Uko izina Busasamana rivugwa.]] '''Umurenge wa Busasamana''' ni umwe mu [[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|mirenge]] 12 igize [[Akarere ka Rubavu]], mu [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba]] bw’u [[Rwanda]]. == Imiterere y’ubuyobozi == Busasamana ni umwe mu mirenge 12 y’Akarere ka Rubavu.<ref name="citypopulation">[https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/rubavu/3302__busasamana/ « Busasamana (Sector, Rwanda) »], ''City Population'', yasuwe ku wa 21 Nyakanga 2026.</ref> == Abaturage == Umurenge wa Busasamana ufite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 35,15. Ibarura rusange ry’abaturage ryo mu 2022 ryagaragaje ko wari utuwe n’abaturage 40.542, barimo abagore 21.143 n’abagabo 19.399. Ubucucike bw’abaturage bwari abantu 1.153 kuri kilometero kare.<ref name="citypopulation"/> Mu baturage bose, 17.379 bari bafite imyaka iri munsi ya 15, abagera kuri 21.831 bari hagati y’imyaka 15 na 64, naho 1.332 bari bafite imyaka 65 cyangwa irenga.<ref name="citypopulation"/> Abaturage 36.007 bari batuye mu cyaro, bangana na 88,8% by’abaturage bose, mu gihe 4.535 bari batuye mu mijyi, bangana na 11,2%.<ref name="citypopulation"/> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Rubavu]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Busasamana]] ghnbn63chcgzve0zxbxyw4qkhs7fau9 0 20175 133925 123111 2026-07-21T18:50:25Z Score Beethoven 11559 133925 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Umurenge wa Cyanzarwe''' ni umwe mu [[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|mirenge]] 12 igize [[Akarere ka Rubavu]], mu [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba]] bw’u [[Rwanda]]. == Ubumenyi bw’isi == Umurenge wa Cyanzarwe ufite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 34,80. Uhana imbibi n’imirenge ya Busasamana, Kanzenze, Rubavu na Nyakiriba.<ref name="citypopulation">[https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/rubavu/3303__cyanzarwe/ « Cyanzarwe (Sector, Rwanda) »], ''City Population'', yasuwe ku wa 21 Nyakanga 2026.</ref> == Abaturage == Ibarura rusange ry’abaturage ryo mu 2022 ryagaragaje ko Umurenge wa Cyanzarwe wari utuwe n’abaturage 38.977, barimo abagore 20.315 n’abagabo 18.662. Ubucucike bw’abaturage bwari abantu 1.120 kuri kilometero kare.<ref name="citypopulation"/> Mu baturage bose, 17.700 bari bafite imyaka iri munsi ya 15, abagera kuri 20.147 bari hagati y’imyaka 15 na 64, naho 1.130 bari bafite imyaka 65 cyangwa irenga. Abaturage 32.456 bari batuye mu cyaro, mu gihe 6.521 bari batuye mu mijyi.<ref name="citypopulation"/> {| class="wikitable" |+ Abaturage hakurikijwe ibyiciro by’imyaka mu 2022 ! Icyiciro cy’imyaka ! Umubare w’abaturage |- | Imyaka 80 cyangwa irenga | 193 |- | Imyaka 70–79 | 467 |- | Imyaka 60–69 | 1.184 |- | Imyaka 50–59 | 1.540 |- | Imyaka 40–49 | 2.926 |- | Imyaka 30–39 | 4.856 |- | Imyaka 20–29 | 5.464 |- | Imyaka 10–19 | 10.232 |- | Imyaka 0–9 | 12.115 |} <ref name="citypopulation"/> Mu 2012, Umurenge wa Cyanzarwe wari utuwe n’abaturage 29.615. Umubare w’abaturage wariyongereye ugera kuri 38.977 mu 2022.<ref name="citypopulation"/> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Rubavu]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Cyanzarwe]] cqcd3k36av83kgtp5j5qn13w9h95ili 0 20177 133924 131534 2026-07-21T18:49:44Z Score Beethoven 11559 133924 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:LL-Q33573 (kin)-IRAKOZE Anastase-Gisenyi.wav|thumb|Uko izina Gisenyi rivugwa.]] [[Dosiye:The streets of Rubavu-Gisenyi.jpg|thumb|Agace ko mu Murenge wa Gisenyi.]] '''Umurenge wa Gisenyi''' ni umwe mu [[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|mirenge]] 12 igize [[Akarere ka Rubavu]], mu [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba]] bw’u [[Rwanda]]. == Ubumenyi bw’isi == Umurenge wa Gisenyi ufite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 11,25. Uhana imbibi n’[[Umurenge wa Rubavu]] ndetse n’[[Umurenge wa Rugerero]].<ref name="citypopulation">[https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/rubavu/3304__g4isenyi/ « Gisenyi (Sector, Rwanda) »], ''City Population'', yasuwe ku wa 21 Nyakanga 2026.</ref> == Abaturage == Ibarura rusange ry’abaturage ryo mu 2022 ryagaragaje ko Umurenge wa Gisenyi wari utuwe n’abaturage 51.594, barimo abagore 26.138 n’abagabo 25.456. Ubucucike bw’abaturage bwari abantu 4.587 kuri kilometero kare.<ref name="citypopulation"/> Mu baturage bose, 15.271 bari bafite imyaka iri munsi ya 15, abagera kuri 34.721 bari hagati y’imyaka 15 na 64, naho 1.602 bari bafite imyaka 65 cyangwa irenga. Abaturage bose b’umurenge bari batuye mu gice cy’umujyi.<ref name="citypopulation"/> Mu 2012, Umurenge wa Gisenyi wari utuwe n’abaturage 53.603; bityo umubare w’abaturage wagabanutse hagati ya 2012 na 2022.<ref name="citypopulation"/> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Rubavu]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Gisenyi]] 3a7mvonvwwvepmfvv8j6uq0s1fek7mw 0 20187 134039 133527 2026-07-22T15:40:30Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 134039 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kibuye''' ubu rukaba ruzwi nk'urwibutso rwa jenoside yakorewe abatutsi rwa Gatwaro muri Mata 1994 ku [[Kibuye, Rwanda|Kibuye]] umujyi muto uherereye mu burengerazuba bw'u Rwanda ku nkombe z'ikiyaga [[Ikiyaga cya Kivu|cya Kivu]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.karongi.gov.rw/akarere/imirenge-nutugari |title=Archive copy |access-date=2026-04-18 |archive-date=2026-01-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260108140458/https://www.karongi.gov.rw/akarere/imirenge-nutugari |url-status=dead }}</ref>, mu gihe cya [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|Jenoside yakorerwe abatutsi mu Rwanda]].<ref>https://www.minubumwe.gov.rw/news-detail/tariki-ya-11-mata-1994-uko-jenoside-yakorewe-abatutsi-yakozwe-hirya-no-hino-mu-gihugu</ref> Urwibutso rwubatswe ahahoze urusengero rya kera, iruhande rwa stade ishaje ya Gatwaro ahabereye iyicwa rubozo ry'abatutsi, bazengurutswe kandi bufungwa n’inzego z’ibanze. Ku kibanza cyahoze ari stade, ubu hubatswe ishuri, rihuza urwibutso. == Aho biherereye == Urwibutso rwubatswe aho umubare mwinshi w' [[abatutsi]] biciwe.Ikibanza cyubatswe aho paruwasi yitiriwe mutagatifu Piyere ya Kibuye yahoze kandi hafi y’ahahoze sitade ya Gatwaro, ubu isimburwa n’ishuri ribanza.<ref>https://www.travelorwanda.com/places-to-visit/genocide-in-gatwaro-stadium/</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=Kibuye, Rwanda - 2008 août - Stade Gatwaro ce mémorial, pour les 10,000 massacrés au stade Kibuye, se trouve sur le côté du terrain du stade. Insid Photo Stock - Alamy |url=https://www.alamyimages.fr/kibuye-rwanda-2008-aout-stade-gatwaro-ce-memorial-pour-les-10000-massacres-au-stade-kibuye-se-trouve-sur-le-cote-du-terrain-du-stade-insid-image437153747.html |access-date=2022-12-17 |website=www.alamyimages.fr |language=}}</ref> Uru rwibutso ni rumwe mu nzibutso zigihugu cy'u Rwanda zibuka [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|jenoside yakorewe abatutsi mu 1994]] . Izindi ni nk'[[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Murambi|urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Murambi,]] [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Bisesero]]<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TK5Nctiam08</ref><ref>http://gmvirtualtour.minubumwe.gov.rw/bisesero/</ref>, [[Urwibutso rwa jenoside rwa Ntarama|Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Ntarama]]<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GtQ-MncCeuo</ref>, [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kigali]]<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-1THxQFJkZ0</ref> n'Urwibutso rwa jenoside [[Mémorial de Nyarubuye|rwa Nyarubuye]] <ref name="unesco">{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=Sites mémoriaux du génocide : Nyamata, Murambi, Bisesero et Gisozi |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5753/ |access-date=2022-12-18 |website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |language=en}}</ref> . Hariho inzibutso nyinshi za jenoside yakorewe abatutsi zagiye zikusanyirizwamo imibiri y'abatutsi bazize jenoside mu Rwanda.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.westernprovince.gov.rw/en/amakuru/karongi-hibutswe-abatutsi-biciwe-muri-sitade-gatwaro-no-mu-nkengero-zaho |title=Archive copy |access-date=2025-07-16 |archive-date=2025-08-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250802180114/https://www.westernprovince.gov.rw/en/amakuru/karongi-hibutswe-abatutsi-biciwe-muri-sitade-gatwaro-no-mu-nkengero-zaho |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kibuye Genocide Memorial Site - Rwanda |url=https://www.gorillaugandasafaris.com/Kibuye-genocide-memorial-site/ |access-date=2022-12-16 |website=Gorilla Trekking Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref> == Amateka y'ubwicanyi == Umubare munini w'abategetsi b'u Rwanda mu gihe cya Jenoside waturutse mu majyaruguru no mu burengerazuba bw'igihugu. Mu gihe [[Ishyaka FPR - Inkotanyi|urugamba rwo kubohora igihugu cy'u Rwanda]] rwatangiraga ruhagarariwe n'ishyaka rya [[Ishyaka FPR - Inkotanyi|FPR]] inkotanyi,binjiye mu [[Rwanda]] baturutse mu majyaruguru, uduce two mu majyaruguru y'igihugu, imijyi nka [[Umujyi wa Rubavu|Gisenyi]] na Kibuye, habaye disikuru za jenoside zatanzwe n'abayobozi ba leta. Dukurikije imibare y'ibarura rusange ry’igihugu ryo mu 1991, abatutsi bo mu cyahoze ari perefegitura ya Kibuye bagera ku 71225, ni ukuvuga 15% by'abaturage . [[León Mugesera|Léon Mugesera]], umunyamuryango wa [[Ihuriro ry’igihugu riharanira demokarasi n’iterambere|MRND]], yatangaje kuwa 22 Ugushyingo 1992 i Gisenyi. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title={{25e}} Commémoration du Génocide perpétré contre les Tutsis |url=http://kwibuka.rw/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Kwibuka25_Booklet_French_Web.pdf?_t=1555320707 |website=kwibuka.rw |access-date=2025-07-16 |archive-date=2023-04-30 |archive-url=https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20230430065746/http://kwibuka.rw/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Kwibuka25_Booklet_French_Web.pdf?_t=1555320707 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kuva kuwa 20 kugeza kuwa 22 Gashyantare 1993, Kibuye yahuye n’ubwicanyi bukabije bw’abatutsi bicwa byagashinyaguro n’abasirikare ba MRND na CDR <ref name=":1"/> kandi ubwo bwicanyi bwakorewe no muri perefegitura ya Byumba, [[Gasenyi|Gisenyi]], Kibuye na Ruhengeri. Kuwa 4 Kanama 1993, hasinywe amasezerano y’amahoro ya Arusha. Kuwa 17 Mata 1994, igitero cyagabwe kuri [[Stade de Gatwaro|stade Gatwaro]], ikigo cya paruwasi yitiriwe Mutagatifu Misheli ya Kibuye ndetse n’ishuri ry’ubuhinzi rya Nyamishaba . Perefe Kayishema Clément yatanze ikimenyetso cy'ubwicanyi yica abatutsi ba mbere. <ref>{{Cite web |last=République du Rwanda |title=Le 18 avril 1994 : la mise en œuvre du génocide contre les Tutsi à travers tout le pays |url=https://ibuka.ch/download/Planification%20du%20Genocide,%2018%20avril,%201994 |access-date=2025-07-16 |archive-date=2022-12-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221217185646/https://ibuka.ch/download/Planification%20du%20Genocide,%2018%20avril,%201994 |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Dosiye:Une_des_fosses_communes_de_Kibuye.png|thumb|375x375px| Imwe mu mva rusange iruhukiye mucyubahiro imibiri y'abazize jenoside yakorewe abatutsi i Kibuye (Ugushyingo 2022)]] Umuganga w’Ubudage wari i Kibuye mu gihe cya Jenocide avuga ko kuri stade Gatwaro no kuri paruwasi yitiriwe Mutagatifu Misheli i Kibuye hariyo umubare munini w' impunzi z’abatutsi .<ref>https://flash.rw/2019/07/02/karongi-abarenga-15000-biciwe-muri-stade-gatwaro-bashyinguwe-mu-rwibutso-rushya/</ref> Nk’uko byatangajwe na Colonel Patrick Sartre<ref>https://www.igihe.com/ubutabera-2047/article/gen-sartre-yicujije-gukingira-ikibaba-muhayimana-uri-kuburanishwa-ku-ruhare-rwe</ref>, ushinzwe iperereza ku ngabo z’Ubufaransa zari mu Rwanda mu gihe cya jenoside, abatutsi 15000 bishwe ku ya 16 na 17 Mata ku kibuga cya Sitade Gatwaro<ref>gihe.com/amakuru/muri-afurika/u-rwanda/article/karongi-imibiri-117-y-abatutsi-bishwe-muri-jenoside-yashyinguwe-mu-cyubahiro</ref>, ikigo cya paruwasi ya Kibuye, ndetse no mubice bihegereye. Liyetona Koloneli Eric wa Strabenrath yasobanuye ko yasanze imirambo 4300 yegeranye hejuru ya paruwasi kandi avuga ko muri sitade habonetse imirambo iri hagati ya 7000 na 9000 ugenekereje.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.karongi.gov.rw/soma-ibikurikira/kwibuka-ku-nshuro-ya-31-jenoside-yakorewe-abatutsi-byatangiriye-ku-rwibutso-rwa-gatwaro |title=Archive copy |access-date=2025-07-16 |archive-date=2025-08-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250802180157/https://www.karongi.gov.rw/soma-ibikurikira/kwibuka-ku-nshuro-ya-31-jenoside-yakorewe-abatutsi-byatangiriye-ku-rwibutso-rwa-gatwaro |url-status=dead }}</ref> Muri 2020, abarokotse jenoside yakorewe abatutsi bakomeje gushakisha imibiri y'ababo bakundaga kugirango bashyingurwe mu cyubahiro ku rwibutso rwa Jenoside.<ref>{{Cite web |last=AFP |date=2021-01-27 |title=Rwanda: dans l'abîme du génocide, l'extraordinaire survie à l'innommable d'Albertine |url=https://www.challenges.fr/monde/dans-l-abime-du-genocide-l-extraordinaire-survie-a-l-innommable-d-albertine_747940 |access-date=2022-12-17 |website=Challenges |language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Hommage au courage Dossier : Docteur Blam Wolfgang |url=http://www.francegenocidetutsi.org/NzarambaWolfgangBlam.pdf |website=francegenocidetutsi.org}}</ref> Mu 2017, Claude Muhayimana, umukozi w’impunzi ya Rouen mu Rwanda, yashinjwaga n'[[Ubufaransa]] kuba yaragize uruhare mu bwicanyi bwabereye i Kibuye ndetse no kuba yarajyanye imitwe yitwara gisirikari ahabereye ubwicanyi bw’abatutsi mu 1994.<ref>https://flash.rw/2019/07/02/karongi-abarenga-15000-biciwe-muri-stade-gatwaro-bashyinguwe-mu-rwibutso-rushya/</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=A Rouen, un Franco-Rwandais renvoyé aux assises pour "complicité" dans le génocide des Tutsi |url=https://france3-regions.francetvinfo.fr/normandie/seine-maritime/rouen/rouen-franco-rwandais-renvoye-aux-assises-complicite-genocide-tutsi-1370043.html |access-date=2022-12-17 |website=France 3 Normandie |language=fr-FR}}</ref> == Aho wakura amakuru yizewe kuri jenoside yakorewe abatutsi muri 1994 == Sura MINUBUMWE<ref>https://www.minubumwe.gov.rw/</ref> == Inyandiko == <references responsive="1"></references> == Reba kandi == === Ingingo zijyanye === * Kibuye === Ihuza ryo hanze === * Umunsi wo [https://www.theguardian.com/world/ng-interactive/2014/jul/04/-sp-rwanda-genocide-Kibuye-liberation-day-photography Kwibohoza kwa Kibuye], urugendo rwa panoramic muri 2014, The Guardian * [https://web.archive.org/web/20200720072109/http://www.genocidearchiverwanda.org.rw/ Ububiko bwa Jenoside] {{Palette|Génocide au Rwanda}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Kibuye, Mémorial du génocide}} 3el4zon9icdoulxuhrqgqcj783aczdh 0 20272 133989 133564 2026-07-22T08:49:34Z Score Beethoven 11559 133989 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Rwezamenyo''' ni umurenge uherereye mu [[Umujyi wa Kigali]], mu [[Akarere ka Nyarugenge]], mu [[Rwanda]]. Uherereye mu majyepfo y'uburengerazuba bw'Umujyi wa Kigali. == Imibare y'abaturage == Mu mwaka wa 2012, abaturage bawo bari 16.763. Ibarura rusange ry'abaturage ryo mu mwaka wa 2022 ryagaragaje ko Umurenge wa Rwezamenyo wari utuwe n'abaturage 14.754, barimo abagabo 7.556 n'abagore 7.198.<ref name="citypopulation">{{Cite web |url=https://citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/nyarugenge/1110__rwezamenyo/ |title=Rwezamenyo (Sector, Rwanda) - Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location |website=City Population |language=en }}</ref> Ikigo cy'[[Rwanda Environment Management Authority]] cyagaragaje ko umubare munini w'abagabo ugereranyije n'abagore ushobora guterwa n'uko abagabo bimukira mu mujyi bashaka akazi katari ubuhinzi, mu gihe abagore benshi baguma mu ngo zo mu cyaro.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://na.unep.net/siouxfalls/publications/Kigali_SOE.pdf |title=Kigali: State of Environment and Outlook Report 2013 |website=Rwanda Environment Management Authority |date=2013 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230212070018/https://na.unep.net/siouxfalls/publications/Kigali_SOE.pdf |archive-date=2023-02-12 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Hafi ya kimwe cya kane cy'abaturage (24,1%) bari munsi y'imyaka 15, naho 73,3% bari hagati y'imyaka 15 na 64. Abafite imyaka irenga 64 banganaga na 2,6%.<ref name="citypopulation" /><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/kigali-umurenge-wa-rwezamenyo-wahize-indi-mu-isuku-n-umutekano-wegukana-imodoka |title=Kigali: Umurenge wa Rwezamenyo wahize indi mu isuku n'umutekano wegukana imodoka |website=IGIHE |language=rw }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ingenzinyayo.com/2020/05/17/umurenge-wa-rwezamenyo-wo-mu-karere-ka-nyarugenge-inzego-zitandukanye-zabungabunze-ubuzima-bwababana-na-gakoko-gatera-sida-muri-iki-gihe-cya-coronavirus/ |title=Umurenge wa Rwezamenyo: Inzego zitandukanye zabungabunze ubuzima bw'ababana na virusi itera SIDA muri iki gihe cya Coronavirus |website=Ingenzi Nyayo |language=rw }}</ref> == Imirenge == Akarere ka Nyarugenge kagabanijwemo [[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|imirenge]] 10 ari yo: * Gitega * Kanyinya * [[Kigali (umurenge)|Kigali]] * [[Umurenge wa Kimisagara|Kimisagara]] * [[Umurenge wa Mageragere|Mageragere]] * [[Umurenge wa Muhima|Muhima]] * Nyakabanda * [[Nyamirambo]] * Nyarugenge * Rwezamenyo.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nyarugenge.gov.rw/index.php?eID=dumpFile&t=f&f=22076&token=c8375955669c511102b39c10e5e9c6a795f70fc4 |title=Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) |website=Republic of Rwanda |language=en }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.rwandamagazine.com/amakuru/mu-rwanda/article/umurenge-wa-rwezamenyo-wahembwe-imodoka-nyuma-yo-guhiga-iyindi-mu-isuku-n |title=Umurenge wa Rwezamenyo wahembwe imodoka nyuma yo guhiga iyindi mu isuku |website=Rwanda Magazine |language=rw }}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Nyarugenge]] [[Ikiciro:Kigali]] [[Ikiciro:Umujyi wa Kigali]] 4c7kc3koqxtrfx5gjwol1ia6n7rpxao 2 20429 133898 124100 2026-07-20T23:07:33Z CommonsDelinker 88 Removing [[:c:File:Mbissine_Thérèse_Diop_as_Diouana.jpg|Mbissine_Thérèse_Diop_as_Diouana.jpg]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:The Squirrel Conspiracy|The Squirrel Conspiracy]] because: per [[:c:Commons:Deletion requests/File:Mbissine Thérè 133898 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''''Umukobwa w'umwirabura''''' ( French ) ni filime yikinamico yo mu 1966 yakiniwe muri Senegali no mubufaransa ikinywa n'aba faransa senegari , yanditswe kandi iyobowe na Ousmane Sembène mu buhanzi bwe bwa mbere . <ref>{{Cite book |last=Nowell-Smith |first=Geoffrey |year=1996 |title=The Oxford History of World Cinema |url=https://archive.org/details/oxfordhistoryofw00geof |isbn=0-19-874242-8 |url-access=registration}}</ref> Ishingiye ku nkuru ngufi yavuye mu cyegeranyo cya Sembène cyo mu 1962 cyitwa ''Voltaique,'' nacyo kikaba cyaratututse ku gitekerezo cy ’ibyabaye mu buzima. ''Umukobwa wumwirabura'' akina Mbissine Thérèse Diop nka Diouana, umukobwa ukiri muto wo muri Senegal wimukiye i Dakar, muri Senegali yerekeza muri Antibes, mu Bufaransa gukorera couple y’abafaransa. Mu Bufaransa, Diouana yizeye gukomeza akazi yakoraga nk'umubyaza kandi ateganya ubuzima bushya bw'isi. Ariko, ageze muri Antibes, Diouana ahura n’umugabo n'umugore, bamuhatira gukora nk'umukozi. Agenda arushaho kumenya imiterere ye kandi itandukanijwe kandi atangira kwibaza ubuzima bwe m'ubufaransa. ''Umukobwa wumwirabura'' akunze gufatwa nka film ya mbere yo munsi yubutayu bwa Sahara numukinnyi wamafirime nyafurika yitabiriwe n’amahanga. Nubwo yakiriwe nabi n’abanenga amafilime y’iburengerazuba nyuma yo gusohoka bwa mbere, mu myaka ya za 2010 yaje kugaragara nka filime wa sinema ku isi . == Inkuru ya Filimi == iyi nkuru igaragaza ihindagurika ry'ubuzima bwa Diouana muri iki gihe mu Bufaransa, aho akorera umukozi wo mu rugo, kandi bikagaruka ku mibereho ye ya mbere muri Senegali. Muri (mu ahahise) flashbacks, hagaragara ko akomoka mu mudugudu ukennye hanze ya Dakar . Abantu benshi ntibazi gusoma no kwandika, kandi Diouana yazereraga mu mujyi ashaka akazi. Umunsi umwe, Madame yaje ashaka umukozi ahitamo Diouana mu bagore badafite akazi. Diouana yaratoranijwe kubera ko atari nkabandi bagore yasabaga akazi mu kinyabupfura kandi adafite amahane ; bitandukanye n'abandi, Madame aha akazi Diouana ko kwita ku bana be i Dakar. Nkimpano, Diouana aha abakoresha be mask gakondo yari yaguze nu muhungu muto kuri gineya 50, kandi barayerekana murugo rwabo. mbere Iyo Diouana yabaga atari gukora , yajyaga gutembera gutembera hamwe n'umukunzi we we. Monsieur na Madame bamaze guha Diouana akazi kubakorera mu bufaransa. Diouana arishima ubwo ahita atangira kurota ubuzima bwe bushya ari mubufaransa. Amaze kuhagera, Diouana yagowe no guteka no gukorera isuku uwo muryango n'inshuti zabo.gusa Madame amufata nabi cyane Diouana akoyoberwa impamvu . Yatekereje ko azita ku bana nko muri Senegali kandi ko ashobora kujya hanze akazenguruka Ubufaransa. Icyakora, mu Bufaransa, ntabwo yabaga yemerewe kuva mu nzu kandi ateka gusa akanasukura imbere mu nzu - ibyo bikaba bitandukanye cyane n'ubuzima bwe bwa mbere muri Senegali, aho yamaze igihe kinini hanze. Iyo Diouana yajyaga yabaga ari gukora yambaye imyenda myia n'inkweto . Nyirabuja yamubwiraga kubikuraho, ati: "Ntiwibagirwe ko uri umukozi wo murugo." Mu birori byo gusangira , umwe mu nshuti zabo yasomye Diouana ku matama mu buryo busanzwe bw'umuco w’Uburayi, aravuga ati: "Sinigeze nsoma umukobwa w’umwirabura!" Diouana yakiriye ibaruwa ya nyina, Monsieur amusomera. Nyina wa Diouana abaza impamvu atigeze yumva umukobwa we agasaba amafaranga. Diouana yaciye ibaruwa.madamu ntityatumaga asinzira kuko yamubyutaga kare cyane ngo atangire akazi aruko. Diouana agerageza gusubiza mask yahaye Madame, haza kubaho urugamba. Madame abwira Diouana ko niba adakora, adashobora kurya. Kubera iyo mpamvu, Diouana yanze gukora. Nyuma yuko Monsieur agerageje kwishyura umushahara we Diouana akanga kwakira amafaranga, Diouana yiyahuye amaze kwica madamu kubera yahoraga umutoteza mu bwiherero bwo muryo rugo. Filime irangira Monsieur yerekeje muri Senegali gusubiza ivalisi, mask, n'amafaranga umuryango we. Aha nyina wa Diouana amafaranga, ariko arayanga. Ubwo Monsieur yavaga mu mudugudu, umwana muto ufite mask yiruka inyuma ye. * Mbissine Thérèse Diop nka Gomis Diouana * Anne-Marie Jelinek nka Madame * Robert Fontaine nka Monsieur * Momar Nar Sene nkumukunzi wa Diouana == UBURYO YAKOZWE == Mu gihe cyo gukina, ufata anafoto ukora muri Actualitiés Sénégalaises yafashe ifoto ya Mbissine Thérèse Diop, wagaragaye nk’umukinnyi wa filime Sembène, wavuganye na Diop ku bijyanye ''n’umukobwa w’irabura'' . Umuryango wa Diop wabanje kutemera Diop akina filime, ariko Sembène amaze gusura na Diop yarabyemeye. Umuryango we n'abaturanye ntibumvise neza amahitamo ye byarabarajkaje cyane. mu ifatwa rya film hafi ya yose <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2016 |title=M’Bissine Thérèse Diop on BLACK GIRL |url=https://www.criterionchannel.com/black-girl/videos/m-bissine-therese-diop-on-black-girl |url-status=live |access-date=2025-08-31 |website=[[The Criterion Collection]]}}</ref> Nk’uko Diop yabyivugiye mu 2016, imyambaro yose yambaye muri iriya film yari iye bwite buretse a polka-ak yahawe nk'umwambaro wa film. <ref name=":2" /> Amashusho y’umukobwa ''w’umwirabura'' yanzwe na Minisiteri ishinzwe ibiro bya sinema y’ubutwererane, yatanze inkunga yo kuvuga igifaransa, bishoboka kubera ikibazo cya firime. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Clark |first=Ashley |date=2017-01-23 |title=Black Girl: Self, Possessed |url=https://www.criterion.com/current/posts/4402-black-girl-self-possessed |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250422081010/https://www.criterion.com/current/posts/4402-black-girl-self-possessed |archive-date=2025-04-22 |access-date=2025-08-31 |website=[[The Criterion Collection]]}}</ref> Sembène yagabanije igihe film yamagara ayigeza ku gihe cy'isaha yubahiriza amabwiriza ya Centre national du cinéma, akoresha ingengo y'imari iri hasi cyane . Sembene yahimbye imvugo ''mégotage'' (bisobanurwa ngo "cinema-butt cinema") kugirango asobanure imiterere yibikorwa bye byo gukina film. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-19 |title=Ousmane Sembène, Cinematic Revolutionary |url=https://harvardfilmarchive.org/programs/ousmane-sembene-cinematic-revolutionary-2 |access-date=2025-09-01 |website=Harvard Film Archive |language=en}}</ref> == Insanganyamatsiko == * 1966, Prix Jean Vigo kuri firime nziza * 1966, Tanit d'Or, Iserukiramuco rya Filime ya Carthage == Ifatashingiro == {{Reflist}} t8yhyfflrl5yjstk262pdwhngoehjht 0 20599 134050 124601 2026-07-22T16:31:02Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 134050 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''''West of Zanzibar (1954 film)''''' nifilime yomu Bwongereza yomuri 1954 yayobowe na Harry Watt ikinwamo na Anthony Steel, Sheila Sim na Edric Connor . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2009-04-16 |title=BFI &#124; Film & TV Database &#124; WEST OF ZANZIBAR (1954) |url=http://ftvdb.bfi.org.uk/sift/title/57545 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090114021653/http://ftvdb.bfi.org.uk/sift/title/57545 |archive-date=2009-01-14 |access-date=2014-02-22 |publisher=Ftvdb.bfi.org.uk}}</ref> igendeye ''aho Nta Vultures Fly'' (1951), yaba kuwayiyoboye numwe na producer nibamwe, kandi ugakomeza ibyabaye kumucungamutungo Bob Payton, wongeye gukinwa na Anthony Steel. Ingingo yiyifilime ni magendu yinzovu, kandi nubwo iyifilime isankaho ishyigikiye kubasagwa butaka nyafurika barwanya ikoreshwa ryubukungu, yabujijwe na guverinoma ya Kenya, yabonaga ko uburyo bwayo ari ubuvandimwe. <ref name="tvguide1">{{Cite web |date= |title=West Of Zanzibar Review |url=http://movies.tvguide.com/west-of-zanzibar/review/122605 |access-date=2014-02-22 |publisher=Movies.tvguide.com |archive-date=2014-02-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140225141326/http://movies.tvguide.com/west-of-zanzibar/review/122605 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=BFI Screenonline: West of Zanzibar (1954) |url=http://www.screenonline.org.uk/film/id/1403334/index.html |access-date=2014-02-22 |publisher=Screenonline.org.uk}}</ref> == Umugambi == Umuryango womur Afurika Galana mucyaro wimukiye i Mombasa nyuma yamapfa. Inzira zamahoro zumuryango zirasenywa n’abacuruzi b’inzovu zitemewe. Ushinzwe umukino, Bob Payton ahinduka umugenzacyaha, yerekeza muri [[Zanzibar]] kuvumbura umuyobozi wihishe inyuma yinzovu. Payton akurikirana kariyeri ye binyuze mubice bimwe byahemutse byo mukarere ka Zanzibar. Nubwo hari inzitizi zirimo ingona n'imvubu, Payton amaherezo agana umugome. Umuyobozi w'agatsiko yahaye isambu y'umuryango w'Afurika isubiza amahembe yinzovu, ariko arishyurwa kubera umugambi we igihe umuryango wamuhindukiriye. <ref name="tvguide1"/> <ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=West of Zanzibar &#124; BFI &#124; BFI |url=http://explore.bfi.org.uk/4ce2b6ba757c7 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120712172304/http://explore.bfi.org.uk/4ce2b6ba757c7 |archive-date=2012-07-12 |access-date=2014-02-22 |publisher=Explore.bfi.org.uk}}</ref> == Abakinnyi == * Anthony Steel nka Bob Payton * Sheila Sim nka Mary Payton * Edric Connor nka Ushington * Orlando Martins nka M'Kwongi * William Simons nka Tim Payton * Martin Benson nka Dhofar * David Osieli nka Ambrose * Igishushanyo cya Betelehemu nka Betelehemu * Peter Illing nka Yhingoni * Edward Johnson nka Halfbreed * Juma nka Juma * Howard Marion-Crawford nkibiti * Stuart Lindsell nka Coloneli Ryan * Sheik Abdullah nka capitaine wa Dhow * Alan Webb nkumuyobozi mukuru == Ukoyakozwe == ''Aho No Vultures Fly'' yarimwe mu zamenyekanye cyane mu '''biro by’Ubwongereza''' muwi 1951 bityo Studios ya Ealing yahisemo gukora urukurikirane rwinyenyeri imwe, umuyobozi na producer, hanyuma yongera gufatanya numuryango wa Schlesinger. Dinah Sheridan yasimbuwe na Sheila Sim. Kuri stade imwe byari biteganijwe kofilm izakorerwa muri 3-D ariko siko byagenze. <ref>{{Cite news |date=1 March 1953 |title=You'll See Height, Width, Depth In Colour First "Three-D" Films Here By End Of Year. |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article18514527 |access-date=13 January 2015 |work=[[The Sunday Herald (Sydney)|The Sunday Herald]] |publisher=National Library of Australia |location=Sydney |page=4}}</ref> Kimwe nafirime yambere, yafatiwe ahantu murAfrika. Umutwe wageze i Nairobi muri Mutarama 1953. <ref>{{Cite news |date=26 January 1953 |title=LOCATION SEARCH IN AFRICA. |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article142719110 |access-date=13 January 2015 |work=[[South Coast Times and Wollongong Argus]] |publisher=National Library of Australia |location=NSW |page=3 Section: South Coast Times AND WOLLONGONG ARGUS FEATURE SECTION}}</ref> Nimwe muri firime nke ya Steel yakoze kumpinga yeaho atari ashyigikiye umukinnyi wumugabo ukuze. == Amajwi == Indirimbo imbyino byakonzwe cyane mugihe cyo gufata amashusho yari indirimbo yabaswahili yitwa "Jambo Sigara Baridl". Abakinnyi bafirime bakunze injyana cyane bahitamo kuyishyiramo nkumuziki wambere. Nyuma hafashwe umwanzuro wogutegura icyongereza cyindirimbo, Anthony Steel aririmba amajwi ayoboye, hamwe nitsinda, Radio Revelers. Abajijwe niba ashobora kuririmba, Steel yarashubije ati: "Usibye gutera urusaku mu bwogero, sinigeze ngerageza." Icyuma cyanditse indirimbo ukobyagenda kose kandibyagenze neza kurutonde. <ref>{{Cite news |date=19 November 1954 |title=MOVIE NEWS. |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article118435873 |access-date=13 January 2015 |work=[[The Queensland Times]] |publisher=National Library of Australia |page=5 Edition: Daily}}</ref> == Kurekura == Abakurikirana amafilime yomuri Kenya baciye iyi filime kubera ko yakangiza umubano wamoko muriki gihugu. <ref>{{Cite news |date=20 August 1954 |title=Kenya Bans A Film. |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article49875447 |access-date=13 January 2015 |work=[[The West Australian]] |publisher=National Library of Australia |location=Perth |page=21}}</ref> Iyifilime kandi yabujijwe muBuhinde nyuma yimyigaragambyo yabanyeshuri babanyafurika murikiriya gihugu. <ref>{{Cite news |date=21 May 1956 |title=Films hurt the Africans. |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article71804186 |access-date=13 January 2015 |work=[[The Argus (Melbourne)|The Argus]] |publisher=National Library of Australia |location=Melbourne |page=2}}</ref> == Kwakira == === Box office === Universal yakwirakwije film muri Amerika. Bafunguye kuri Theatre yisi yose muri New York, yakundaga kwerekana amafilime yo gukoresha - byari ikigeragezo kugira ngo iyi filime ifatwe nkiyikoreshwa muburyo butandukanye n'ikintu cy’ubukorikori, cyarisoko gakondo rya firime zo mu Bwongereza muramerika. Ubushakashatsi ntabwo bwagenze neza. Filime yarangije gufata amadorari 400.000 muramerika hamwe na booking zirenga 10,000. Muwi 1957, iyifilime yashyizwe kurutonde rwa filime cumi na zirindwi zizwi cyane Rank Organisation yigeze gusohora muramerika. === Kwakira neza === ''Variety'' yaravuze ati "Urudodo rwatejwe imbere nkumudandaza ukomeye udasanzwe aho imigenzo gakondo hamwe no guhatana bigira uruhare runini. Hariho kugerageza gato kwerekana imyitwarire iboneye, nubwo ishobora kubari nziza, igaragara kuriferi kuri ecran." Bosley Crowther yanditse mu ''kinyamakuru The New York Times'', "ni ishusho ishimishije kandimuri rusange yizewe kubijyanye niki gihe cya Afurika yIburasirazuba." <ref>{{Cite web |last=Crowther |first=Bosley |date=1955-01-18 |title=Movie Review – West of Zanzibar – The Screen in Review; Adventure Film, 'West of Zanzibar,' Opens |url=https://www.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9C01E2DC1238E23BBC4052DFB766838E649EDE |access-date=2014-02-22 |website=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> BFI Screenonline yaje kwandika:<blockquote>''West of Zanzibar'' yashizweho kugirango bunguke intsinzi yababanjirije ariko film nyirizina, n'amateka yayohamwe nabayireba, ntishobora gutandukana cyane. Harry Watt ... yashoboye gukomeza umuvuduko ushimishije, cinematografi nziza nokwibanda ku nyamaswa zatumye film ya mbere ikundwa cyane, ariko ''Uburengerazuba bwa Zanzibar'' bufite itandukaniro rimwe ryingenzi: ingingo yaryo. Irasimbuza impungenge zikwiye zita ku mibereho yinyamanswa Ahantu Nta Bisiga biguruka hamwe n’ikibazo kirenze impaka z’ubutabazi - kwimura amoko yo murafurika yo mu cyaro no kugira uruhare muguhiga amahembe yinzovu. Ariko bihakana rwose igisubizo ... Bivugwa ko Watt yatunguwe, ariko icyemezo cyinama y’ubuyobozi bwa Kenya cyafashe icyemezo cyerekana ibibazo bya firime byerekana politiki y’amoko. Iburengerazuba bwa Zanzibar kuva yabuze abantu bose, kandi ikomeza kuba imwe mu mazina azwi cyane ya Ealing. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Cave |first=Dylan |title=West of Zanzibar |url=http://www.screenonline.org.uk/film/id/1403334/index.html |website=Screenonline}}</ref></blockquote>Sky Movies yagize ati: "Anthony Steel yongeye kubamuyobozi wimikino, Bob Payton. Asangiye ubushobozi bwintwari ya Hollywood bwo gutsinda urugamba rukabije ntagitambaro kitagira inenge kiboheye kuri bicep imwe." <ref>{{Cite web |date=2002-05-23 |title=West of Zanzibar – Sky Movies HD |url=http://skymovies.sky.com/west-of-zanzibar/review |access-date=2014-02-22 |publisher=Skymovies.sky.com}}</ref> ''TV Guide'' yaranditse ati: "twishingikirije cyane kugace kezaka Afurika, iyi mitekerereze yAbongereza igenda gahoro." <ref name="tvguide1"/> == Reba == <references /> == Ihuza ryo hanze == * West of Zanzibar at IMDb * [http://www.screenonline.org.uk/film/id/1403334/index.html ''West of Zanzibar''] at BFI Screenonline * [https://letterboxd.com/film/west-of-zanzibar-1954/ West of Zanzibar] at Letterbox DVD * [http://www.colonialfilm.org.uk/node/74 West of Zanzibar] at Colonial Film * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160308030813/http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b6ba757c7 West of Zanzibar] at BFI * [https://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/95353/west-of-zanzibar#credits West of Zanzibar] at TCMDB * [[iarchive:variety194-1954-04/page/n5|Review of film]] at ''Variety'' [[Ikiciro:Pages with unreviewed translations]] p5eo5pfinjni043ixdl2xfoopblf4q8 0 20659 134000 125028 2026-07-22T11:23:49Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 134000 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''''Progressive Tailors Club''''', ni filime yogusebanya ya politiki yo muri Nijeriya 2021 iyobowe na Biodun Stephen ikaba yarakoranye na Niyi Akinmolayan na Victoria Akujobi. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Gary |date=27 August 2021 |title=The Progressive Tailors Club |url=https://contentnigeria.net/tag/the-progressive-tailors-club/ |access-date=2021-10-04 |website=Content Nigeria |language=en-US |archive-date=2021-10-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211004114159/https://contentnigeria.net/tag/the-progressive-tailors-club/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ] <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-07-20 |title=Progressive Tailors Club: Watch first teaser |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/progressive-tailors-club-watch-first-teaser/ge08c29 |access-date=2021-10-04 |website=Pulse Nigeria |language=en |archive-date=2021-10-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211004114152/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/progressive-tailors-club-watch-first-teaser/ge08c29 |url-status=dead }}</ref>​​​​ <ref>{{Cite web |last=Tv |first=Bn |date=2021-07-21 |title=Watch the Teaser for Anthill Studios' Forthcoming Film "Progressive Tailors Club" |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2021/07/teaser-progressive-tailors-club/ |access-date=2021-10-04 |website=BellaNaija |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-06-21 |title=Anthill Studios unveils cast of Biodun Stephen's 'Progressive Tailors Club' |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/anthill-studios-unveils-cast-of-biodun-stephens-progressive-tailors-club/57l43d5 |access-date=2021-10-04 |website=Pulse Nigeria |language=en}}</ref> Filime yafatiwe i Lagos nomuri Nijeriya nohafi yayo. Yerekanwe bwa mbere ku ya 29 Ukwakira 2021. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-08-06 |title='Progressive Tailors Club' gets theatrical release date |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/progressive-tailors-club-gets-theatrical-release-date/xq0fqlt |access-date=2021-10-04 |website=Pulse Nigeria |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-08-15 |title=Progressive Tailors Club - 2021 Movie Download |url=https://www.infowaka.com/progressive-tailors-club |access-date=2021-10-04 |website=Infowaka |language=en-US |archive-date=2021-10-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211004114154/https://www.infowaka.com/progressive-tailors-club |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-09-17 |title=Biodun Stephen's film, "Progressive Tailors Club" is Coming to Cinemas in October |url=https://mediarants.com/biodun-stephens-film-progressive-tailors-club-is-coming-to-cinemas-in-october/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210918122135/https://mediarants.com/biodun-stephens-film-progressive-tailors-club-is-coming-to-cinemas-in-october/ |archive-date=September 18, 2021 |access-date=2021-10-04 |website=Media Rants |language=en-US}}</ref> == Umugambi == Abagize urugaga rw'abadozi bateye imbere bateranira munama yogutora umuyobozi wabo mushya. Batanze ibitekerezo byinshi bitemewe kuri ibyo. Ariko, iyo umuyobozi umaze igihe kirekire kandi wizewe akuweho kubera ruswa, guhitamo biza kumusaza, ibishya, kandi bisekeje. <ref>{{Cite web |last=user |date=2021-08-11 |title=Teaser: Progressive Tailors Club - Nolly Silver Screen |url=http://nollysilverscreen.com/2021/08/11/teaser-progressive-tailors-club/ |access-date=2021-10-04 |language=en-US |archive-date=2021-10-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211004114157/http://nollysilverscreen.com/2021/08/11/teaser-progressive-tailors-club/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Naijaray |title=DOWNLOAD: Progressive Tailors Club – Latest Nollywood Movie — Naijaray |url=https://naijaray.com.ng/download-progressive-tailors-club-latest-nollywood-movie/ |access-date=2021-10-04 |website=naijaray.com.ng |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Abakinnyi == * Beverly Osu nka Cynthia * Uzor Arukwe nka Mazi Chibuzor * Amagufwa asekeje nka Fidelis * Mugisha Jessica Obasi * Rachel Oniga nka Madamu Edem * Lizzy Jay nka Mummy Lekan * Adedimeji Lateef nka Saheed * Bolaji Ogunmola nka Bisi * Femi Adebayo nka Agbabiaka * Kolawole Ajeyemi nka Alfa * Adesina Adebayo nka Eko * Alakija Adebayo nka Wasiu * Chika Agwuike nka Festus * Mitchell Amaechi nka Emordi * Imoh Eboh nka Agnes * Ates Brown nk'ibyishimo == Gutanga ibihembo == {| class="wikitable" !Umwaka ! Igihembo ! Icyiciro ! Uwakiriye ! Igisubizo ! Réf |- | 2022 | Afurika Magic Viewers Choice Awards | Umukinnyi mwiza muri Urwenya | Femi Adebayo| {{nom}} | <ref>{{Cite news |title=2022 Africa Magic Awards Nominees don land- See who dey list |url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-60818021 |access-date=2022-03-26 |work=BBC News Pidgin}}</ref> |} == Reba == {{Reflist}} 6j52n29cmi66n813jirowm4xxrv2wbr 0 20965 133923 128520 2026-07-21T18:49:39Z Niyonagirajoy 18593 impinduka ntoya 133923 wikitext text/x-wiki Ababana n’[[ubumuga]] bo mu karere ka [[Musanze Fc|Musanze]] bitabiriye [[AMAHUGURWA Y'UBUMWE N'UBUDAHERANWA|amahugurwa]] amaze [[ukwezi]] abera mu kigo cy’[[urubyiruko]] cy’akarere ka Musanze, Yego Center Musanze, abagera kuri 20 babana n’ubumuga bwo mungingo n’ubwo kutabona. Mu kuyasoza, batahanye [[Ingamba k'umusaruro w'ishyamba|ingamba]] zo kubakira ku bumenyi bungukiyemo bakarushaho kongera ireme ry’umusaruro w’ibyo bakora.<ref>[https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/mu-rwanda/article/musanze-abafite-ubumuga-bigishijwe-ikoranabuhanga-bitezweho-guhanga-udushya#:~:text=Come%20Ndemezo%2C%20Umukozi%20w'umushinga,Urubyiruko%20cy'Akarere%20ka%20Musanze. https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/mu-rwanda/article/musanze-abafite-ubumuga-bigishijwe-ikoranabuhanga-bitezweho-guhanga-udushya#:~:text=Come%20Ndemezo%2C%20Umukozi%20w'umushinga,Urubyiruko%20cy'Akarere%20ka%20Musanze.]</ref> == Ikoranabuhanga == [[Ikigo gishinzwe iterambere mu Rwanda|Ikigo]] cy'[[Ubwishingizi bw'ubuhinzi mu Rwanda|ubwishingizi]] cya [https://www.bkinsurance.rw/ BK insurance] cyahaye [[Inkunga u Rwanda ruhabwa mu kubungabunga Ibidukikije|inkunga]] ya mudasobwa ababana n'ubumuga muri cooperative ikorera mu Karere ka Musanze izwi nka '''Dukomezubuzima.''' Mudasobwa zigera kuri eshatu n'imashini icapa impapuro n'ibikoresho bibafasha mu kubona murandasi kuburyo bworoshye <ref>https://igihe.com/ubukungu/article/bk-insurance-yahaye-abafite-ubumuga-b-i-musanze-ibikoresho-by-ikoranabuhanga</ref>.[https://mobile.igihe.com/ubukungu/article/bk-insurance-yahaye-abafite-ubumuga-b-i-musanze-ibikoresho-by-ikoranabuhanga] == Umusaruro == Ubumenyi kuri mudasobwa:Umwe yavuze ko kumenya gukoresha ikoranabuhanga bizabafasha kumenyekanisha ibyo bakora kubigeza kubakiriya bashya, gukoresha serivisi z’ikoranabuhanga bitiriye jya kure bityo bakazabona inyungu nyinshi mu byo bakora.[https://mobile.igihe.com/ikoranabuhanga/mudasobwa/article/sobanukirwa-n-ibimenyetso-ndakumirwa-mu-ikoranabuhanga-rikoresha-mudasobwa] == Amashakiro == [https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/mu-rwanda/article/musanze-abafite-ubumuga-bigishijwe-ikoranabuhanga-bitezweho-guhanga-udushya#:~:text=Come%20Ndemezo%2C%20Umukozi%20w'umushinga,Urubyiruko%20cy'Akarere%20ka%20Musanze. https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/mu-rwanda/article/musanze-abafite-ubumuga-bigishijwe-ikoranabuhanga-bitezweho-guhanga-udushya#:~:text=Come%20Ndemezo%2C%20Umukozi%20w'umushinga,Urubyiruko%20cy'Akarere%20ka%20Musanze.] pjiegcslf8r8byvij0dnl5vo8btauus 0 21350 134002 126550 2026-07-22T13:17:03Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 134002 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Austin Iornongu Iwar Jnr''' <ref name="TW Magazine">{{Cite web |date=9 January 2018 |title=tw Hidden Gems: Tay Iwar |url=https://twmagazine.net/news/entertainment/tw-hidden-gems-tay-iwar/ |access-date=6 January 2022 |website=TW Magazine |archive-date=6 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220106094944/https://twmagazine.net/news/entertainment/tw-hidden-gems-tay-iwar/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>(wavukiye ku ya 9 Kamena 1997), uzwi nka '''Tay Iwar''', ni umuhanzi uririmba, wandika indirimbo, ucuranga, ukora injyana z’amajwi ndetse akanatunganya amajwi. Azwi cyane mu guhuza R na B n’injyana ya Afro-fusion. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Interviews |first=Clash Magazine Music News, Reviews & |last2=ClashMusic |date=2021-05-17 |title=Tay Iwar Is Nigeria's Shining Neo-Soul Beacon |url=https://www.clashmusic.com/features/tay-iwar-is-nigerias-shining-neo-soul-beacon/ |access-date=2024-08-07 |website=Clash Magazine Music News, Reviews & Interviews |language=en-GB}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-05-14 |title=Tay Iwar Transcends Genre & Style |url=https://djbooth.net/features/2021-05-14-tay-iwar-interview-audiomack/ |access-date=2024-08-07 |website=DJBooth |language=en-US}}</ref> Umwuga we watangiye hakiri kare cyane akiri muto yasohoraga imishinga ye ya mbere irimo Renascentia yo mu 2016. Yatangiye kumenyekana cyane kubera Gemini yo mu 2019, yasohotse ibinyujijwe kuri Soulection, itsinda rye rya muzika ryo muri Los Angeles.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-04-12 |title=With Gemini, Tay Iwar follows the trend of not following a trend |url=http://http//https%3A%2F%2Fpan-african-music.com%2Fen%2Freview-tay-iwar-gemini%2F |access-date=2024-08-07 |website=PAM - Pan African Music |language=en-US}}</ref> Yaje mu muziki hamwe na alubumu ivanze yumuziki yamamaye cyane yitwa Passport, yamuhesheje igihembo ku mwanya wa 3 n'uwa 4 zo muri Nigeriya Teens Choice Awards mu cyiciro cya Choice Mixtape / EP mu 2014 na 2015. Ku ya 23 Ugushyingo 2021, " [[Wiz kid|Wizkid]] 's ''Made in Lagos'' deluxe studio album, yatowe muri GRAMMYs kandi imuha ibihembo bidasanzwe, binyuze cyane muri [[:en:The_Recording_Academy|The Recording Academy]] <ref>{{Cite web |title=See First-Time Nigerian Artists Who Got Grammy Nominations. He was also one of the writers for Chris Brown's "Shooter" from the 11:11 deluxe album released in 2024. |url=https://www.coolfm.ng/port-harcourt/news/editorial/see-first-time-nigerian-artists-who-got-grammy-nominations/ |access-date=3 January 2022 |website=Cool FM - Your Number One Hit Music Station ! |language=en}}</ref> == Ubuzima bwo hambere == Austin Iornongu Iwar yavutse ku ya 9 Kamena 1997 i Marina, akurira hagati ya Lagos na [[Abuja]] . Igaragara rye rya mbere muri muzika, ryaturutse kuri mukuru we Suté Iwar. Austin watangiye guhanga umuziki afite imyaka cumi nine, akoresheje sofutiware yumuziki wa digitale FL Studio . <ref name="TW Magazine"/> == Umwuga == Ku ya 22 Mata 2016, Tay Iwar yasohoye umuzingo w'indirimbo Indirimbo-zirindwi witwa Renascentia, irimo Suté Iwar. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ade-Unuigbe |first=Adesola |date=2016-04-25 |title=BN Music: Tay Iwar’s New Mixtape “Renascentia” is a Must Listen for Music Lovers! |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2016/04/bn-music-tay-iwars-new-mixtape-renascentia-is-a-must-listen-for-music-lovers/ |access-date=2024-10-28 |website=BellaNaija |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=BellaNaija.com |date=2017-02-09 |title=The Song Everyone is Talking About after #SGIT3…”Equestrian Love” by Tay Iwar |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2017/02/the-song-everyone-is-talking-about-equestrian-love-by-tay-iwar/ |access-date=2024-10-28 |website=BellaNaija |language=en-US}}</ref> inzira "Urukundo rwo kugendera ku mafarasi," yaje kugaragara ku majwi y’igihembwe <ref>{{Cite web |last=Nigeria |first=Guardian |date=2017-08-27 |title=Five New Interesting African Musicians |url=https://guardian.ng/life/life-features/five-new-interesting-african-musicians/ |access-date=2024-10-28 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US}}</ref> ''cy’umukobwa w’uruhu muri Transit'' mu 2017. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Native |first=The |date=2017-04-28 |title=A Win for Bantu: Tay Iwar is opening for Asa's Encore Concert. |url=https://thenativemag.com/win-bantu-tay-iwar-opening-asas-encore-concert/ |access-date=2024-10-28 |website=The NATIVE |language=en-US}}</ref> Muri 2019, Iwar yashyize ahagaragara alubumu ye ya sitydiyo GEMINI, ikubiyemo abashyitsi bagaragaye muri Cruel Santino, Preyé, Odunsi (Moteri), na Suté Iwar. Inzira "Utero" yatumye Iwar abahatanira ibihembo byiza byijwi (Umugabo) ku nshuro <ref>{{Cite web |last=Alake |first=Motolani |date=2019-04-15 |title=Tay Iwar’s 'GEMINI' talks bad love affairs with great songwriting |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/album-review-a-track-by-track-breakdown-of-tay-iwars-gemini/2n82kh6 |access-date=2024-10-28 |website=Pulse Nigeria |language=en}}</ref> ya 14 ya The Headies. Ku ya 13 Mata 2019, indirimbo ze "Diamond" na "Komeza" zo muri GEMINI zagaragaye kuri radiyo Soulection. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Joe Kay Focuses on Nigerian Music in This Episode of Soulection Radio - Okayplayer |url=https://www.okayafrica.com/soulection-radio-nigerian-music-focus/ |access-date=2024-10-28 |website=www.okayafrica.com |language=en}}</ref> Muri 2020, Iwar yakoranye na Wizkid munzira "Urukundo nyarwo," hamwe na Projexx, nyuma yaje kumuha izina rya mbere rya Grammy. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Nwangwu |first=Adaora |date=2022-06-17 |title=Grammy-nominated Artiste Tay Iwar Unveils New Track ‘Bad4u’ |url=https://culturecustodian.com/grammy-nominated-artiste-tay-iwar-unveils-new-track-bad4u/ |access-date=2024-10-28 |website=The Culture Custodian (Est. 2014.) |language=en-GB}}</ref> Yagaragaje kandi kuri Album ''y’umuhungu wenyine'' wa Omah Lay mu 2022. Ku ya 29 Werurwe 2022, [[Wiz kid|Wizkid]] yashyize ahagaragara amashusho y’indirimbo "Urukundo nyarwo," arimo Tay Iwar na Projexx. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Wynter |first=Courtney |date=2022-03-29 |title=WizKid Enlists Winnie Harlow In Video For "True Love" Featuring Tay Iwar & Projexx |url=https://grmdaily.com/wizkid-true-love-tay-iwar-projexx/ |access-date=2024-10-28 |website=GRM Daily |language=en-GB}}</ref> Muri 2024, Tay Iwar yagaragaye kuri Alubumu ''ya nyuma'' ya Headie One kumurongo "Imbunda & Amafaranga". Yasohoye kandi igice cya kabiri cya Zahabu EP hamwe na Le Mav ku ya 12 Nyakanga <ref>{{Cite web |last=Nigeria |first=Guardian |date=2021-10-11 |title=Wizkid's "Made In Lagos" Hits One Billion Streams |url=https://guardian.ng/life/wizkids-made-in-lagos-hits-one-billion-streams/ |access-date=2024-10-28 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ubucukumbuzi == === Imvange z'indirimbo === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" |+Urutonde rwimvange hamwe nibisobanuro byatoranijwe ! scope="col" style="width:11em;" | Umutwe ! scope="col" style="width:20em;" | Ibisobanuro birambuye |- ! scope="row" | ''Passeport'' | * Yarekuwe: 20 Mata 2014 * Akarango: BANTU * Imiterere: Gukuramo Digital, gutembera |} === Alubumu za sitidiyo === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" |+Urutonde rwa alubumu ya studio hamwe nibisobanuro byatoranijwe ! scope="col" style="width:11em;" | Umutwe ! scope="col" style="width:20em;" | Ibisobanuro bya Album |- ! scope="row" | ''GEMINI'' | * Yarekuwe: 29 Werurwe 2019 * Akarango: Guhitamo * Imiterere: Gukuramo Digital, gutembera |} === Imizingo migufi === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" |+Urutonde rwimikino yagutse hamwe nibisobanuro byatoranijwe ! scope="col" style="width:11em;" | Umutwe ! scope="col" style="width:20em;" | Ibisobanuro bya EP |- ! scope="row" | ''Renascentia'' | * Yarekuwe: 22 Mata 2016 * Akarango: Bantu * Imiterere: Gukuramo Digital, gutembera |- ! scope="row" | ''1997'' | * Yarekuwe: 26 Kanama 2018 * Akarango: Guhitamo * Imiterere: Gukuramo Digital, gutembera |- ! scope="row" | ''Zahabu'' hamwe na Le Mav | * Itariki yo gusohora: 13 Ukuboza 2019 * Akarango: Zahabu * Imiterere: Gukuramo Digital, gutembera |- ! scope="row" | ''Urukundo & Kwigunga'' | * Yarekuwe: 16 Mata 2021 * Akarango: Ishyamba / Bantu * Imiterere: Gukuramo Digital, gutembera |- ! scope="row" | ''Umuyaga'' | * Yarekuwe: 9 Kamena 2023 * Akarango: CoolSweat, Emera UK * Imiterere: Gukuramo Digital, gutembera | |- ! scope="row" | ''Zahabu II hamwe na Le Mav'' | * Yarekuwe: Ku ya 12 Nyakanga 2024 * Akarango: CoolSweat, Emera UK * Imiterere: Gukuramo Digital, gutembera |} === Izindi ndirimbo zazamutse cyane === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" border="1" style="text-align:center;" |+Urutonde rwindirimbo zishushanyije, hamwe nimbonerahamwe yatoranijwe ! rowspan="2" scope="col" style="width:18em;" | Umutwe ! rowspan="2" scope="col" style="width:1em;" | Umwaka ! colspan="1" scope="col" | Imyanya y'imbonerahamwe ! rowspan="2" scope="col" style="width:15em;" | Album ! rowspan="2" scope="col" style="width:15em;" | Kugurisha ! rowspan="2" scope="col" style="width:15em;" | Impamyabumenyi |- ! scope="col" style="width:2.8em;font-size:90%;" | Amerika<nowiki><br id="mw-A"></nowiki><nowiki><br></nowiki><nowiki><br></nowiki><nowiki><br></nowiki> Afrobeats<br /><br /><br /><br /> |- ! scope="row" | "Urukundo nyarwo"<br /><br /><br /><br /> <span style="font-size:85%;">( [[Wiz kid|Wizkid]] irimo Tay Iwar & Projexx)</span> | rowspan="1" | 2020 | 46 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Cusson |first=Michael |date=29 March 2022 |title=Billboard U.S. Afrobeats Songs |url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/billboard-u-s-afrobeats-songs/2022-04-09/ |access-date=8 April 2022 |website=Billboard}}</ref> | ''Byakozwe i Lagos'' | * Amerika: 100.000 <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 March 2022 |title=Wizkid’s ‘True Love’ With Projexx, Tay Iwar Sells 100k Units In US |url=https://www.dancehallmag.com/2022/03/17/news/wizkids-true-love-with-projexx-tay-iwar-sells-100k-units-in-us.html |access-date=8 April 2022 |website=DancehallMag}}</ref><br /><br /><br /><br /> <small>(guhera muri Werurwe 2022)</small> | * RISA : Platinum <ref>{{Cite web |title=Wizkid feat. Tay Iwar & Projexx - True Love |url=https://risa.org.za/website/certification/certifications/?artist=Wizkid&title=True+Love&label=Starboy%2FRCA+Records |access-date=6 June 2024 |website=RISA}}</ref> |} == Amashimwe == {| class="wikitable" !Umwaka ! Icyabaye ! Igihembo ! Uwakiriye ! Igisubizo |- | rowspan="" | 2014 | rowspan="2" | Ibihembo byo muri Nigeriya | rowspan="2" | Guhitamo Imvange / EP | rowspan="2" | ''Passeport''|{{nom}} |- |2015|{{nom}} |- | 2020 | Umutwe | Imikorere myiza y'ijwi (Umugabo) | rowspan="" | Tay Iwar kuri "Utero"|{{nom}} |- | rowspan="3" | 2022 | Grammy Awards | Kumenyekana bidasanzwe | Tay Iwar ya ( ''Yakozwe i Lagos (Deluxe)'' na [[Wiz kid|Wizkid]] )|{{nom}} |- | Umutwe | Imikorere myiza y'ijwi (Umugabo) | rowspan="" | Tay Iwar kuri "Peaking" <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 May 2022 |title=2022 Headies Full List Nominees |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2022/05/2022-headies-full-list-nominees/ |access-date=25 May 2022 |website=Vanguard News}}</ref>|{{nom}} |- | Ibihembo bya muzika yo muri Afrika yepfo | Ahasigaye Umuhanzi Umuhanzi | rowspan="" | Tay Iwar kubwurukundo ''no kwigunga'' <ref>{{Cite web |last=Shumba |first=Ano |date=29 August 2022 |title=South African Music Awards 2022: All the winners |url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/south-african-music-awards-2022-all-winners |access-date=10 June 2023 |website=Music In Africa |language=en}}</ref>|{{nom}} |- | 2024 | TurnTable Music Awards | Ibyagezweho mu Kwandika Indirimbo muri Muzika | We ubwe|{{Won}} | <ref>{{Cite web |title=The TurnTable 2024 Music Awards |url=https://www.turntablecharts.com/magazine/6th/134 |access-date=2 April 2025 |website=TurnTable Charts |publisher=TurnTable}}</ref> |} == Reba == [[Ikiciro:Short description is different from Wikidata]] impkl07aj09lgzwx4h0yws48sfqu7w1 0 21376 134043 126808 2026-07-22T15:59:09Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 134043 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Uwamahoro Antoinette''' (yavutse ku ya 25 Ukuboza 1975 i [[Kigali]] ) ni umukinnyi wa filrimi w'umunyarwandakazi == Umwuga == Uwamahoro Antoinette uzwi ku izina rya "Intare y'igore", "Siperansiya" amaze imyaka makumyabiri akina muri firime mu [[Rwanda]]. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Innocent |first=Hategekimana |title=Urugendo rw’umukinnyi wa Film uzwi nka Siperansiya - Amakuru y’Akazi, Ubukungu na Serivisi - JOBCENTER.RW |url=https://www.jobcenter.rw/amakuru/umugore-mu-iterambere/article/urugendo-rw-umukinnyi-wa-film-uzwi-nka-siperansiya |access-date=2022-08-05 |website=Jobcenter - Akazi {{!}} Ubucuruzi {{!}} Serivisi |language=en |archive-date=2024-12-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241226071722/https://www.jobcenter.rw/amakuru/umugore-mu-iterambere/article/urugendo-rw-umukinnyi-wa-film-uzwi-nka-siperansiya |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yamenyekanye cyane muri [https://web.archive.org/web/20211021105603/https://yegob.rw/byinshi-wamenya-kuri-siperansiya-wo-muri-seburikoko/ firime zitandukanye zo mu Rwanda] zirimo Serikwira, Giramata, Mukadata, Intare y'ingore n'abandi. bifata iyindi ntera muri [[SEBURIKOKO|Seburikoko]] kuri Televiziyo y'u Rwanda. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Harerimana |first=Jean Claude |date=2021-07-16 |title=Byinshi wamenya kuri Siperansiya wo muri Seburikoko. |url=https://yegob.rw/byinshi-wamenya-kuri-siperansiya-wo-muri-seburikoko/ |access-date=2022-08-05 |website=YEGOB |language=en-US |archive-date=2021-10-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211021105603/https://yegob.rw/byinshi-wamenya-kuri-siperansiya-wo-muri-seburikoko/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Umukangurambaga == Yumvaga abaye umustar wa firime nka Commando . <ref name=":0"/> == Ubuzima bwite == Ni imfura mu bana barindwi Bavukana. Arubatse, afite abana batatu. Kuri ubu, atuye mu [[Akarere ka Nyarugenge|Karere ka Nyarugenge]] mu Murenge wa [[Nyamirambo]]. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Munezero |first=Martin |title=Menya iby’urukundo ruri kuvugwa hagati ya Seburikoko na Antoinette uzwi nka Intare y’Ingore |url=http://www.umuryango.rw/ad-restricted/article/menya-iby-urukundo-ruri-kuvugwa-hagati-ya-seburikoko-na-antoinette-uzwi-nka |access-date=2022-08-05 |website=Umuryango - Kinyarwanda |language=en}}</ref> [https://umuryango.rw/ad-restricted/article/menya-iby-urukundo-ruri-kuvugwa-hagati-ya-seburikoko-na-antoinette-uzwi-nka] == Reba == {{Reflist}} okjpa5v14fgec3t9khdyqv0mjr41jhu 0 21503 133930 131556 2026-07-21T20:49:50Z Score Beethoven 11559 133930 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:LL-Q33573 (kin)-Adeline07-Nyange.wav|thumb|Uko izina Nyange rivugwa.]] [[Dosiye:LL-Q33573 (kin)-DERRICK KWIZERA-NYANGE CENTRE.wav|thumb|Uko izina Nyange Centre rivugwa.]] '''Umurenge wa Nyange''' ni umwe mu [[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|mirenge]] igize [[Akarere ka Ngororero]], mu [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba]] bw’u [[Rwanda]]. == Ubumenyi bw’isi == Umurenge wa Nyange ufite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 54,37. Uherereye mu majyepfo y’Akarere ka Ngororero, hafi y’imbibi z’[[Akarere ka Muhanga]]. Igice cy’imbibi zawo gikurikira [[uruzi rwa Nyabarongo]].<ref name="citypopulation">[https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/ngororero/3512__nyange/ « Nyange (Sector, Rwanda) »], ''City Population'', yasuwe ku wa 21 Nyakanga 2026.</ref> Urugomero rw’amashanyarazi rwa Nyabarongo I ruherereye hakurya y’uruzi, mu Murenge wa Mushishiro wo mu Karere ka Muhanga. Amazi y’urugomero ari mu gace k’imisozi ihanamye kandi akoreshwa mu gutanga amashanyarazi.<ref>[https://waterportal.rwb.rw/sites/default/files/2017-06/Upper%20Nyabarongo%20Rehabilitation%20Plan.pdf « Upper Nyabarongo Catchment Rehabilitation Plan »], ''Rwanda Water Resources Board'', 2017, yasuwe ku wa 21 Nyakanga 2026.</ref> == Abaturage == Ibarura rusange ry’abaturage ryo mu 2022 ryagaragaje ko Umurenge wa Nyange wari utuwe n’abaturage 24.859. Ubucucike bw’abaturage bwari abantu 457 kuri kilometero kare. Mu 2012, umurenge wari utuwe n’abaturage 21.932.<ref name="citypopulation"/> == Ibikorwa n’ubukungu == Ubuhinzi, ubworozi, ubucuruzi n’ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro biri mu bikorwa by’ubukungu bikorerwa muri Nyange. Akarere ka Ngororero kari mu duce tw’icyogogo cya Nyabarongo yo haruguru turangwamo ibikorwa byinshi by’ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro.<ref>[https://waterportal.rwb.rw/sites/default/files/2017-06/Upper%20Nyabarongo%20Rehabilitation%20Plan.pdf « Upper Nyabarongo Catchment Rehabilitation Plan »], ''Rwanda Water Resources Board'', 2017, yasuwe ku wa 21 Nyakanga 2026.</ref> Mu murenge kandi hari ikigo cy’ikoranabuhanga gifasha abaturage n’abacuruzi bato kunguka ubumenyi mu gukoresha mudasobwa n’ikoranabuhanga mu bucuruzi.<ref>[https://www.ngororero.gov.rw/news-detail-1/ngororero-3 « DOT Rwanda yongereye ingufu Telecenter y’Umurenge wa Nyange »], ''Akarere ka Ngororero'', yasuwe ku wa 21 Nyakanga 2026.</ref> == Amateka == Mu Murenge wa Nyange hari urwibutso rw’abazize [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]] mu 1994. Aho hantu hakoreshwa mu kwibuka abazize Jenoside no kwigisha amateka y’ingaruka z’imiyoborere ishingiye ku ivangura.<ref>[https://www.rgb.rw/updates/news-detail/the-history-of-nyange-is-an-essential-lesson-for-rgb-staff-profshyaka-anastase « The history of Nyange is an essential lesson for RGB staff »], ''Rwanda Governance Board'', 8 Kamena 2018, yasuwe ku wa 21 Nyakanga 2026.</ref> Nyange izwi kandi kubera abanyeshuri bo mu ishuri ryisumbuye rya Nyange banze kwitandukanya hakurikijwe ubwoko igihe ishuri ryabo ryagabwagaho igitero mu ijoro ryo ku wa 18 rishyira ku wa 19 Werurwe 1997. Abo banyeshuri bashyizwe mu cyiciro cy’Intwari z’Imena.<ref>[https://www.ngororero.gov.rw/news-detail-1/ngororero-intwari-zimena-zabanyeshuli-bi-nyange-mu-mateka-yu-rwanda « Intwari z’Imena z’abanyeshuri b’i Nyange mu mateka y’u Rwanda »], ''Akarere ka Ngororero'', yasuwe ku wa 21 Nyakanga 2026.</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Ngororero]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Nyange]] e59vdgqra04g2yjfhpjst3qpzl1mxwn 0 21550 134048 129115 2026-07-22T16:24:27Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 134048 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Vision FC''' ni ikipe y’[[umupira w’amaguru]] ibarizwa mu [[Rwanda]], yakinaga mu mu Cyiciro cya Mbere muri shampiyona ya 2024, yakirira amakipe mu rugo ku kibuga cya Mumena, m[[Umujyi wa Kigali|u muyi wa Kigali]] .<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/rw/amakuru/ikipe-ya-vision-fc-yabonye-umuterankunga-mushya-148463</ref><ref>https://umuseke.rw/vision-yamwenyuye-kiyovu-ikomeza-kugana-ahabi-amafoto/</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://yegob.rw/ikipe-ya-vision-fc-izamukanye-ingamba-shya/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2026-02-21 |archive-date=2025-01-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250114022642/https://yegob.rw/ikipe-ya-vision-fc-izamukanye-ingamba-shya/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Abakinnyi bayizamukiyemo == Vision FC yakinnyemo abakinnyi batandukanye nka Karema Eric, Ishimwe Christian, Byiringiro Lague, Nizeyimana Djuma n'abandi<ref>https://ukwelitimes.com/vision-fc-irushije-rayon-sports-muhazi-united-yirwanaho-imbere-ya-police-fc-uko-imikino-yagenze</ref><ref>https://umuseke.rw/vision-fc-yatandukanye-nabarimo-ndekwe-felix/</ref> == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Umupira w’amaguru]] [[Ikiciro:Amakipe]] a6x1xtbxtkhs7eyvhjd529u576t0swq 0 22121 133963 129285 2026-07-22T05:56:10Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 133963 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football club|clubname=NEC|founded=2017|league=[[Uganda Premier League]]|season=2023-24|website=https://necfcuganda.com|fullname=National Enterprise Corporation FC|ground=MTN Omondi Stadium, Lugogo|capacity=10,000|image=|caption=}}'''National Enterprise Corporation FC''' yitwa kandi '''NEC FC,''' nikipe y'umupira w'amaguru [[Ubugande|ya Uganda]] yashinzwe mu 2017 i Bugolobi, Kampala . <ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title=Big League: NEC, Kitara meet in crunch clash |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/NV_155531 |access-date=2023-10-14 |website=New Vision |language=en}}</ref> <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Muyita |first=Joel |date=2023-05-18 |title=NEC secure final promotion slot to Uganda Premier League |url=http://kawowo.com/2023/05/18/nec-secure-final-promotion-slot-to-uganda-premier-league/ |access-date=2023-10-14 |website=Kawowo Sports |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Sports |first=Pulse |date=2023-05-29 |title=NEC set to snap Wakiso Giants coach, Ayala |url=https://www.pulsesports.ug/football/story/nec-set-to-snap-wakiso-giants-coach-ayala-2023052914534246746 |access-date=2023-10-14 |website=Pulse Sports Uganda |language=en |archive-date=2023-10-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231016124006/https://www.pulsesports.ug/football/story/nec-set-to-snap-wakiso-giants-coach-ayala-2023052914534246746 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ikinamuri shampiyona y'icyiciro cya mbere cy'Uganda . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2023-09-16 |title=UGANDA PREMIER LEAGUE: NEC joins Bul FC and Kitara as day one winners |url=https://www.ntv.co.ug/ug/news/sports/uganda-premier-league-nec-joins-bul-fc-and-kitara-as-day-one-winners-4370488 |access-date=2023-10-14 |website=NTV Uganda |language=en |archive-date=2024-08-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240808201116/https://www.ntv.co.ug/ug/news/sports/uganda-premier-league-nec-joins-bul-fc-and-kitara-as-day-one-winners-4370488 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=SC Villa beat NEC to register first win of the campaign |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/NV_171459 |access-date=2023-10-14 |website=New Vision |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=NEC ewonyezza eyali owa URA akatebe |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/BUK_140848 |access-date=2023-10-14 |website=New Vision |language=en}}</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" |+ | align="left" valign="top" | | |- | Izina ryuzuye | NEC FC |- | Yashinzwe | align="right" | 2017 |- | Ubutaka | Sitade ya MTN Phillip Omondi |- | Ubushobozi | align="right" | 10,000 |- | Perezida | Liyetona Jenerali James Mugira |- | Umuyobozi | Kaddu Badru Mukasa |- | Shampiyona | Shampiyona y'icyiciro cya mbere cya Uganda |- | Urubuga | https://necfcuganda.com/ |} == Amateka == NEC FC yashinzwe mu 2017, izamurwamuntera ijyamuri FUFA mucyiciro cya 5 mu 2018 iyobowe n'ishyirahamwe ry'umupira w'amaguru rya Nakawa. <ref name=":6">{{Cite web |date=2023-10-12 |title=History – NEC FC |url=https://necfcuganda.com/history/ |access-date=2023-10-14 |language=en-US}}</ref> Mu 2019, NEC FC yazamutse ijyamuri shampiyona y'akarere ya Kampala ivamucyiciro cya 4, nyumizamurwa ijyamuri FUFA Big League mu 2022 ahoyaje kumwanya wagatatu kurutonde rwa shampiyona bityizamuka muri shampiyona y'icyiciro cyambere cy'Uganda . <ref name=":6"/> NEC FC yazamutse mur'Uganda Premier League shampiyona ya 2023/24 kunshuro yayoya mbere nyumayo kurangiza kumwanya wagatatu kurutonde rw'amakipe yakinnye muri FUFA Big League n'amanota 57 mu mikino 30 yakinnye, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sports |first=Pulse |date=2023-07-03 |title=NEC to conduct open trials, Mbalangu confirms |url=https://www.pulsesports.ug/football/story/nec-to-conduct-open-trials-mbalangu-confirms-2023070316033343224 |access-date=2023-10-14 |website=Pulse Sports Uganda |language=en |archive-date=2023-10-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231016124010/https://www.pulsesports.ug/football/story/nec-to-conduct-open-trials-mbalangu-confirms-2023070316033343224 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=FUFA BIg League: NEC hold Mbarara City as Kitara go top |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/NV_155060 |access-date=2023-10-14 |website=New Vision |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Mbarara City FC take on FUFA Big League leaders NEC |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/NV_154895 |access-date=2023-10-14 |website=New Vision |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-08-27 |title=NEC FC - BUL FC |url=https://bulfc.co.ug/club/nec-fc |access-date=2023-10-14 |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-18 |title=NEC gains promotion to Uganda Premier League |url=https://sports.mtn.co.ug/2023/05/18/nec-gains-promotion-to-uganda-premier-league/ |access-date=2023-10-14 |website=MTN Sports |language=en-US}}</ref> Julius Walugembe yatsinze ibitego 2 hamwe na Marvin Kavuma na Tonny Kiberu batsinze igitego kimwe buriwese bituma batsinda ibitego 4 byose hamwe, byatumyebatsinda kandibakazamuka. <ref name=":2"/> '''Umwirondoro w'ikipe''' ''Guhera muri Gashyantare 2026.'' <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-09-05 |title=SEASON PREVIEW - Mbalangu seeks to keep Nec afloat |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/soccer/season-preview-mbalangu-seeks-to-keep-nec-afloat-4358886 |access-date=2024-05-25 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> * Perezida - Brian Buhanda * Umuyobozi Mukuru - Jonathan Okorotum * Kapiteni - Marvin Kavuma * Umutoza mukuru- Kaddu Badru Mukasa * Ikibuga cy'urugo - Sitade ya Philip Omondi. == Sitade == NEC FC yakoreshejikibuga cya Coffee i Bugolobi nk'ikibuga cyakirimikino muri shampiyona ya FUFA Big League 2022/23. <ref name=":5"/> <ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Sports |first=Pulse |date=2023-06-01 |title=Newly promoted NEC FC secure new home ground for next season |url=https://www.pulsesports.ug/football/story/newly-promoted-nec-fc-secure-new-home-ground-for-next-season-2023060109323441605 |access-date=2023-10-14 |website=Pulse Sports Uganda |language=en |archive-date=2023-10-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231016124009/https://www.pulsesports.ug/football/story/newly-promoted-nec-fc-secure-new-home-ground-for-next-season-2023060109323441605 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=PICTORIAL: Kitara beat NEC to move into top spot |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/NV_155580 |access-date=2023-10-14 |website=New Vision |language=en}}</ref> Kandubwo yazamukaga muri Uganda Premier League, NEC FC ikoresha ikibuga cya MTN Omondi nk'ikibuga cyayo cyogukiniramo. <ref name=":4" /> == Ikipe == ''Bamwe mu bishyuye kugeza muri Gashyantare 2026'' <ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-02-25 |title=Players – NEC FC |url=https://necfcuganda.com/players/ |access-date=2026-02-25 |website=NEC Football Club |language=en-US}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" | colspan="3" |Abakinnyi ba NEC FC |- | align="right" | 6 | DF | Ibrahim Kiyemba |- | align="right" | 17 | DF | Gideon Odongo |- | align="right" | 20 | DF | Dhata Joseph Stephen Lujang |- | align="right" | 13 | MF | Shamiru Kimwero |- | align="right" | 15 | MF | Joseph Seremba |- | align="right" | 19 | GK | Hannington Sebwalunyo |- | align="right" | 3 | DF | Warren Buule |- | align="right" | 16 | DF | Ibrahim Musa |- | align="right" | 29 | FW | Ronald Media Innocent |- | align="right" | 5 | MF | Daniel Shabene |- | align="right" | 10 | MF | Allan Mugalu |- | align="right" | 8 | MF | Marvin Kavuma |- | align="right" | 14 | FW | Paul Mucureezi |- | align="right" | 28 | MF | Emmanuel Kulanga |- | align="right" | 23 | DF | Patrick Bayiga |- | align="right" | 1 | GK | Samson Kiirya |- | align="right" | 27 | FW | James Jarieko |- | align="right" | 7 | FW | Emmanuel Ajo |- | align="right" | 30 | FW | Hudson Mbalire |- | align="right" | 18 | MF | Muzamiru Mutyaba |- | align="right" | 26 | MF | Jackson Ssembatya |} == Inyandiko == === Amarushanwa === NEC FC yageze mucyiciro cya 64 cya Stanbic Uganda Cup 2022-23 ahoyakinnye na Pajule Lions kukibuga cyayo i Pader mazitsindwa na 1-0 n'uwakiriye. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Abdusalam |first=Kigozi |date=2023-01-24 |title=Uganda Cup: Police FC Draws Apuutun on Round of 64 |url=https://chimpreports.com/uganda-cup-police-fc-draws-apuutun-on-round-of-64/ |access-date=2023-10-14 |website=Chimp reports}}</ref> <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Abdusalam |first=Kigozi |date=2023-01-23 |title=Uganda Cup: Kitara Propels to Round of 32, NEC FC, Northern Gateway Bow Out |url=https://chimpreports.com/uganda-cup-kitara-propels-to-round-of-32-nec-fc-northern-gateway-bow-out/ |access-date=2023-10-14 |website=Chim reports}}</ref> == Reba kandi == # Urutonde rw'amakipe y'umupira w'amaguru muri Uganda # Shampiyona y'icyiciro cya mbere cya Uganda # Mbarara City FC # Ikipe ya Express FC == Amareferensi == <references /> mz4mkx7op2dehypdx68oy4ds8h379ch 0 22484 134051 133272 2026-07-22T16:56:20Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 134051 wikitext text/x-wiki == INGABIRE YVONNE == ''Ingabire Yvonne'' ni umunyamakuru w'umunyarwandakazi ukorera Rwanda Broadcasting Agency(RBA), ikigo cya Leta gishinzwe gutangaza amakuru mu Rwanda. Yvonne azwi cyane mu biganiro bya radiyo na Televiziyo, cyane cyane kuri Radio Rwanda na Televiziyo y'u Rwanda(RTV).<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://yegob.rw/impeshyi-nawe-ntimusiga-akiryama-wenyine-umunyamakuru-wa-rba-ingabire-yvonne-yakorewe-ibirori-byo-gusezera-ubukumi-bridal-shower-amafoto/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2026-04-10 |archive-date=2025-04-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250425015346/https://yegob.rw/impeshyi-nawe-ntimusiga-akiryama-wenyine-umunyamakuru-wa-rba-ingabire-yvonne-yakorewe-ibirori-byo-gusezera-ubukumi-bridal-shower-amafoto/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == UBUZIMA BWITE == Ku italiki ya 5 Kanama 2023 yashakanye na ''Nkubito Egide.''<ref name=":0" /> == IBIGANIRO == Yakoze kandi akora ibiganiro bitandukanye birimo: Waramutse Rwanda<ref>https://yegob.rw/mu-mafoto-yindobanure-ahogoza-benshi-ihere-ijisho-uburanga-bwumunyamakuru-ingabire-yvonne-wagize-isabukuru-yamavuko-amafoto/</ref>, Umuti, Amahumbezi, ndetse n'ibindi.<ref name=":0" /> == AMASHAKIRO; == a9epxllfpej6ylvq9acrcy30801kog4 0 22510 134041 131427 2026-07-22T15:49:52Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 134041 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:MuyumbuGenocideMemorial08.jpg|thumb|Urwibutso rwa jenocide rwa muyumbu<ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:MuyumbuGenocideMemorial08.jpg</ref>]] '''Urwibutso rwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi rwa Muyumbu'''<ref name=":0">https://muhaziyacu.rw/amakuru/rwamagana-hashyinguwe-mu-cyubahiro-imibiri-yabonetse-yabishwe-muri-jenoside/</ref> ni rumwe mu nzibutso zubatswe mu rwego rwo guha icyubahiro abazize [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994]].<ref>[[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994]]</ref> Ruri mu Murenge wa Muyumbu, [[Akarere ka Rwamagana]], mu Ntara y’Iburasirazuba bw’u Rwanda. Uru rwibutso rushyinguyemo imibiri y’inzirakarengane zisaga ibihumbi cumi na bine magana atatu na cumi n'ikenda(14,319). rukaba ari ahantu h’ingenzi mu kubungabunga amateka, kwigisha urubyiruko no gukomeza kwimakaza ubumwe n’ubudaheranwa bw’[[Abanyarwanda|Abanyarwanda.]]<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |url=https://www.rwamagana.gov.rw/soma-ibindi/depite-beline-uwineza-yifatanyije-nabanyarwamagana-mu-gikorwa-cyo-kwibuka-abatutsi-biciwe-ku-muyumbu-no-mu-nkengero-zaho-hanashyingurwa-mu-cyubahiro-imibiri-10-yabonetse |title=Archive copy |access-date=2026-04-18 |archive-date=2022-06-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220620132654/https://www.rwamagana.gov.rw/soma-ibindi/depite-beline-uwineza-yifatanyije-nabanyarwamagana-mu-gikorwa-cyo-kwibuka-abatutsi-biciwe-ku-muyumbu-no-mu-nkengero-zaho-hanashyingurwa-mu-cyubahiro-imibiri-10-yabonetse |url-status=dead }}</ref> == '''Amateka y'urwibutso'''<ref name=":0" /> == Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Muyumbu<ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Muyumbu_Genocide_Memorial</ref> rwashyizweho nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994, hagamijwe gushyingura mu cyubahiro imibiri y’abishwe no kubika amateka y’ibyabaye muri ako gace. Mu gihe cya Jenoside, Abatutsi benshi biciwe mu Murenge wa Muyumbu no mu nkengero zawo, bakicirwa mu ngo zabo, mu mashyamba no mu bindi bice byegeranye.Nyuma yo guhagarika Jenoside n’ingabo za [[Ishyaka FPR - Inkotanyi|RPA-Inkotanyi]], hatangiye igikorwa cyo gushakisha imibiri y’abishwe kugira ngo ishyingurwe mu cyubahiro. Ibi byatumye hubakwa uru rwibutso, rukaba rukomeje kwakira indi mibiri igenda iboneka uko imyaka ishira, bikagaragaza ubukana Jenoside yakoranywe ndetse n’uko hari abacyanga gutanga amakuru y’aho imibiri iri.Uru rwibutso ni hamwe mu hafasha Abanyarwanda n’inshuti z’u [[Rwanda]] kwibuka Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, kwigira ku mateka yayo no gukomeza urugendo rwo kubaka igihugu cyunze ubumwe. Buri mwaka, mu gihe cyo kwibuka Jenoside (Kwibuka), habera ibikorwa byo kuzirikana abazize Jenoside, birimo gutanga ubuhamya, ibiganiro n’imihango yo gushyingura mu cyubahiro imibiri iba yarabonetse<ref name=":1" />. Perezida wa [[Kwibuka|IBUKA]] mu Karere ka Rwamagana, Musabyeyezu Dative<nowiki>''</nowiki>yagaragaje impungenge ku bantu bagikomeje kudatanga amakuru ku hantu hashyinguye imibiri y’abazize Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994 itaraboneka ngo ishyingurwe mu cyubahiro. Yavuze ko, nubwo hashize imyaka 32 Jenoside ihagaritswe, urugendo rwo gusana igihugu no kongera kubaka imitima y’abarokotse rukomeje kuba rutoroshye. Yashimangiye ko Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yangije bikomeye ubumwe bw’Abanyarwanda, ikanasiga ingaruka zikomeye mu bukungu no mu mibereho myiza y’abaturage, cyane cyane ku barokotse Jenoside<ref>https://muhaziyacu.rw/amakuru/rwamagana-hashyinguwe-mu-cyubahiro-imibiri-yabonetse-yabishwe-muri-jenoside/</ref><nowiki>''</nowiki>. == '''aho urwibutso ruhereye'''<ref name=":0" /> == [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside]] rwa Muyumbu ruherereye mu Murenge wa Muyumbu, [[Akarere ka Rwamagana]], [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba|Intara y’Iburasirazuba]] mu Rwanda. Rwegereye umuhanda uhuza Kigali n’Iburasirazuba, bigatuma rworohereza abarusura kugerayo no kwiga amateka yarwo.<ref name=":1" /> == '''inkomoko''' == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Inzibutso za jenoside yakorewe abatutsi mu Rwanda]] 490aazu9kgkouq7kgce05x3fj761pr1 0 22520 134038 131429 2026-07-22T15:32:47Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 134038 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|excludeProperties=Q139494393|useImage=[[File:Kibungo-Ngoma Genocide MemorIal19.jpg|Kibungo-Ngoma_Genocide_MemorIal19]]}} Urwibutso rwa Jenocide rwa Kibungo<ref>https://rebero.rw/2026/04/15/ngoma-kibungo-imibiri-ibihumbi-25-niyo-iruhukiye-mu-rwibutso-rwa-kibungo/</ref> ni urwibutso hashyinguye imibiri isaga ibihumbi makumyabiri na bitanu (25,000) y'[[Abatutsi]] bazize Jenocide yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994. Leta y’u [[Rwanda]] n’ubuyobozi bw’[[Akarere ka Ngoma]] bashyizeho uru rwibutso kugira ngo rube Ahantu ho kunamira,Isomo ry’amateka,Guhamya ukuri ku byabaye kugira ngo bitazibagirana cyangwa ngo bihakanwe.<ref name=":0">https://muhaziyacu.rw/amakuru/kibungo-hashyinguwe-mu-cyubahiro-imibiri-8-yabazize-jenoside/</ref> == Aho ruherereye<ref name=":1">https://rebero.rw/2026/04/15/ngoma-kibungo-imibiri-ibihumbi-25-niyo-iruhukiye-mu-rwibutso-rwa-kibungo/</ref> == Urwibutso rwa Jenocide rwa Kibungo ruri mu Ntara y’Iburasirazuba, mu Karere ka Ngoma, mu Murenge wa Kibungo, bukaba ari na bwo mujyi rwagati w’icyahoze ari Intara ya Kibungo. Mu buryo bw’umwihariko, uru rwibutso ruherereye mu gace gasanzwe kamanje ibikorwa remezo by’ingenzi, aho rwegereye Ibitaro by’Akarere ka Ngoma (Ngoma District Hospital) ndetse n’icyicaro gikuru cya Arikidiyosezi Gatolika ya Kibungo, ibi bikaba bituma hagerwa n’ubashaka kuhasura cyangwa kuhafata amakuru bitagoranye<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |url=https://www.ngoma.gov.rw/soma-ibindi/ngoma-imibiri-igera-ku-7000-yimuriwe-mu-rwibutso-rwa-kibungo |title=Archive copy |access-date=2026-04-20 |archive-date=2022-07-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220712025557/https://www.ngoma.gov.rw/soma-ibindi/ngoma-imibiri-igera-ku-7000-yimuriwe-mu-rwibutso-rwa-kibungo |url-status=dead }}</ref>. [[Dosiye:Kibungo-Ngoma Genocide MemorIal19.jpg|thumb]] == Amateka y’Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kibungo<ref name=":2" /> == Amateka y’uru rwibutso n’agace ruherereyemo ashingiye ku kureba uburyo Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yateguwe ikanashyirwa mu bikorwa mu cyahoze ari Perefegitura ya Kibungo. '''1.Itoteza ryamaze igihe:''' Amateka agaragaza ko itoteza n'akarengane mu gace ka Kibungo bitatangiye muri Mata 1994 gusa. Abanyeshuri n'abaturage baho barokotse bagaragaza ko kuva mu mwaka wa '''1990''', itoteza ryari ryaratangiye, aho benshi bafungirwaga muri Gereza ya Kibungo (yari haruguru gato y’aho urwibutso ruri ubu) bashinjwa kuba "Ibyitso"<ref name=":2" />. 2.'''Itariki yo kwibuka by’umwihariko:''' Mu Karere ka Ngoma, by’umwihariko mu mujyi wa Kibungo, tariki ya '''14 Mata''' ni itariki y’amateka akomeye. Ni bwo kwibuka ku rwego rw’Akarere bikorwa mu rwego rwo kuzirikana Abatutsi benshi<ref name=":0" /> bishwe kuri uwo munsi muri kariya gace.<ref name=":3">https://www.kigalitoday.com/kwibuka/article/ngoma-urwibutso-rwa-jenoside-rwa-kibungo-rwongeye-kugarukwaho</ref> 3.'''Ubwicanyi ndengakamere:''' Muri Mata '''1994''', kariya gace kiciwemo Abatutsi benshi bari bahungiye kuri Arikidiyosezi ya Kibungo, mu Bitaro, ndetse no mu nzu z’ubuyobozi bwa Perefegitura. Abasaga '''25,000''' ni bo bashyinguye mu cyubahiro muri uru rwibutso, bakaba barakuwe mu bice bitandukanye by’umujyi n’inkengero zawo<ref name=":1" />. 4.'''Urugendo rwo Kwiyubaka'''<ref name=":1" />''':''' Mu myaka '''32''' ishize (kuva mu 1994 kugeza mu 2026), abarokotse banyuze mu rugendo rurerure rwo kwiyubaka. Nk’uko byashimangiwe n’abayobozi mu muhango wo kwibuka, intego ni uko aya mateka ashaririye abera abazavuka intwaro yo kurwanya ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside n'ubuhakanyi bukiyerekana mu bihugu bimwe na bimwe duturanye<ref name=":3" />. 5.'''Uruhare rw'Ingabo za RPA:''' Amateka y’uru rwibutso ntagenda kure y’ubutwari bw’ingabo zari iza RPA zahagaritse Jenoside muri kariya gace, zikagarura umucyo n’icyizere cy’ubuzima ku bari bamaze imyaka ine mu kaga k’itoteza n’ubwicanyi.<ref name=":2" /> == '''Inyandiko y'Ubuhamya'''<ref name=":2" /> == Ubuhamya bwa '''Tanganyika Djuma''' bugaragaza ishusho y’ubugome ntagereranywa bwakorewe mu gace ka Kibungo. * '''Umuco n'Icyubahiro byishwe:''' Nyogokuru we, '''Nyiranama Bernadette''', wari ufite imyaka 116, yari ahagarariye amateka y’u Rwanda n’ubunararibonye bw’ibihe bitandukanye. Kumwica mu buryo bwa kanyamaswa (kumanurwa mu musarani biturutse ku ijosi rye rirerire ryamenyekanye nka "Urugunda"), byari bigamije gufuta ishusho y'u Rwanda rwa kera no gucunshura abasigaye. * '''Ingaruka ku Biragano:''' Amagambo ye avuga ko "Kaka yapfuye yicaye hejuru y'abazukuru be" ashimangira ko Jenoside itari igamije kwica abantu gusa, ahubwo kwari ukurimbura imiryango (genetics) n'amateka yayo yose. == Akagari ka Remera n'Umurenge wa Kibungo: Isura nshya y'Akarere ka Ngoma kagiye gahinduka cyane nyuma ya 1994, kava mu gace karangwagwa n'ihungabana n'ubukene bukabije kavuzwe na '''Biseruka Omar (IBUKA)''', kamenyekana nk'agace k’ubuhinzi bw’inanasi n’ibitoki, ariko amateka akomeza kuba umusingi w’iterambere ryako<ref>https://www.easternprovince.gov.rw/ibindi/kibungo-imibiri-8-yabazize-jenoside-yakorewe-abatutsi-yashyinguwe-mu-cyubahiro-1</ref>. == * '''Inshingano yo Gushakisha:''' Kuba haracyaboneka imibiri mu mirenge nka Remera na Kibungo nyuma y’imyaka 31, bishimangira ko "ukuri n’ubwiyunge" bitaragerwaho 100% mu gihe hari abantu bakizi aho imibiri iri ariko bakaba barinangiye badashaka kuyigaragaza. '''Ubutumwa bwa Leta:''' Dr. '''Nyirahabimana Jeanne''' yashimangiye ko ubu "kwibuka" bitagomba kuba umuhango gusa, ahubwo bigomba kuba intwaro yo kurwanya ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside igaragara mu buryo buziguye cyangwa butaziguye. == '''amashakiro''' == ltxkzldp45zw906k2ojdjiwp940g9d1 0 22565 134035 133702 2026-07-22T15:29:07Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 134035 wikitext text/x-wiki == jenoside <ref>[[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994]]</ref> == Ni ubwicanyi bwateguwe kandi bugakorwa bugamije kurimbura itsinda ry’abantu binzirakarengane hashingiwe ku bwoko bwabo, akarere bakomokamo, ibara ryuruhu nibindi baba batarahisemo bo ubwabo.Urugero rukomeye ni [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994]], yabaye hagati ya Mata na Nyakanga 1994 ya tangiye ku wa 7 mata, aho [[Abatutsi]] barenga miliyoni bishwe bazira uko bavutse. Mu rwego rwo gusigasira ayo mateka asharira igihugu cyanyuzemo hari zimwe mu nzibutso za jenocide yakorewe abatutsi mu [[Rwanda]] Zubatswe twavugamo: # [[Dosiye:Genocide Memorial site of Gisozi Kigali Genocide Memorial 009.jpg|thumb|URWIBUTSO RWA JENOCIDE YAKOREWE ABATUTSI 1994 RWA GISOZI]]Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kigali<ref>[[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kigali]] </ref>:Urwibutso ndetse ari nayo nzu ibitse amateka iri ku [[Akarere ka Gasabo|Gisozi]] nk' iminota icumi uvuye hagati mu mugi wa Kigali. # Urwibutso rwa jenocide rwa bisesero<ref>[[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Bisesero]] </ref>:urwibutso ruherereye hafi y’umujyi wa Kibuye, mu karere ka [[Akarere ka Karongi|Karongi]] mu Ntara y’Iburengerazuba bw’u [[Rwanda]]. # [[Dosiye:Genocide memorial of Nyamata.jpg|thumb|URWIBUTSO RWA NYAMATA]]Urwibutso rwa jenocide rwa nyamata<ref>[[Urwibutso rwa jenocide rwa Nyamata]] </ref>:ruherereye mu Murenge wa Nyamata, mu karere ka [[Akarere ka Bugesera|Bugesera]], mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba|Ntara y'Iburasirazuba]]. # [[Dosiye:Bisesero Genocide Memorial Centre 01.jpg|thumb|URWIBUTSO RWA BISESERO]]Urwibutso rwa jenocide rwa Bisesero<ref>[[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Bisesero]]</ref>:ruherereye hafi y’umujyi wa Kibuye, mu karere ka [[Akarere ka Karongi|Karongi]] mu ntara y’Iburengerazuba bw’u [[Rwanda]]. # Urwibutso rwa jenocide rwa Ntarama<ref>[[Dosiye:Exterior of Ntarama Genocide Memorial Site - Rwanda - 01.jpg|thumb|Urwibutso rwa jenoside rwa Ntarama]] [[Urwibutso rwa jenoside rwa Ntarama]]</ref>:ruherereye mu murenge wa ntarama mu karere ka [[Akarere ka Bugesera|bugesera]] mu intara y'Iburasirazuba. # [[Dosiye:Rwandan Genocide Murambi skulls.jpg|thumb|URWIBUTSO RWA JENOCIDEYAKOREWEABATUTSI 1994 RWA MURAMBI]]'''Urwibutso rwa jenocide rwa Murambi'''<ref>[[Dosiye:RW Murambi (1) (16638079334).jpg|thumb]] [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Murambi]]</ref>:rumwe mu nzibutso z’ingenzi zibitse amateka ya [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]] mu 1994 mu [[Rwanda]]. Ruherereye mu majyepfo y’u [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda,]] hafi y’umujyi wa Nyamagabe umurenge wa Cyanika, akagari ka Murambi, mu mudugudu wa Gasiza.<ref>[[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Murambi#cite note-1]]</ref> # '''Urwibutso rwa jenocide rwa kibeho''':Urwibutso rwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi rwa Kibeho ruherereye mu [[Umurenge wa Kibeho|Murenge wa Kibeho]], mu [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Ntara y'Amajyepfo]]. Urwibutso rwubatswe hafi cyangwa muri Kiliziya ya Kibeho ([https://www.radiomariakibeho.rw/rw/i-kibeho-bikira-mariya-yaje-kudukangurira-kwicuza-kwusubiraho-no-guhinduka/ Paruwasi ya Kibeho]) # '''Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Rebero'''<ref>[[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Rebero]]</ref>''':'''ruherereye mu Murenge wa Kigarama, [[Akarere ka Kicukiro]], mu Mujyi wa [[Kigali]]. # '''Urwibutso rw'ingabo z'ababirigi rwa Camp Kigali'''<ref>[[Urwibutso rw'ingabo z'ababirigi rwa Camp Kigali]]</ref>:ruherereye mu murenge wa kiyovu akagali [[Akarere ka Nyarugenge|akarere ka nyarugenge]] mu mugi wa [[Kigali|Kigali.]] # '''urwibutso rwa jenocide rwa bigogwe'''<ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/muri-afurika/u-rwanda/article/rubavu-imirimo-yo-kuvugurura-urwibutso-rwa-bigogwe-yatwaye-asaga-miliyari-1-4</ref>:ruherereye mu Kagari ka Nyamirango, [[Umurenge wa Kanzenze]] mu Karere ka [[Umujyi wa Rubavu|Rubavu]]. # '''Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa''' '''cyanika'''<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/kwibuka/article/urwibutso-rwa-jenoside-rwa-cyanika-rugiye-gutahwa-ku-mugaragaro</ref>''':''' ruherereye mu murenge wa Cyanika, [[Akarere ka Nyamagabe]] mu ntara y'amajyepfo. # '''Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa''' '''Gashirabwa'''<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/kwibuka/article/barifuza-ko-urwibutso-rwa-gashirabwoba-rwashyirwa-mu-murage-w-isi</ref> ''':''' ruherereye Umudugudu wa Ruhinga ya II mu Kagari ka Kagatamu,.mu Murenge wa Bushenge, [[Akarere ka Nyamasheke]], [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba]]. # '''Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa''' '''gahanga'''<ref>https://www.kicukiro.gov.rw/soma-ibindi/gahanga-abaturage-basabwe-kurwanya-ingengabitekerezo-ya-jenoside</ref> ''':''' ruherereye mu Murenge wa Gahanga, [[akarere ka Kicukiro]], mu mujyi wa [[Kigali Convention Centre|Kigali]].[https://umuseke.rw/kicukiro-imibiri-10224-yabazize-jenoside-yimuriwe-mu-rwibutso-rwa-gahanga/] # '''Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa''' '''musanze'''<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/mu-rwanda/article/urwibutso-rwa-jenoside-rwa-musanze-rugeze-kuri-80-rushyirwamo-ibimenyetso-ndangamateka</ref>''':'''ruherereye mu [[Umurenge wa Muhoza|Murenge wa Muhoza]], Akagari ka Ruhengeri mu karere ka [[Akarere ka Musanze|musanze.]] # '''Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa''' '''mvuzo'''<ref>https://www.northernprovince.gov.rw/ibindi/kwibuka29-ku-rwibutso-rwa-jenoside-rwa-mvuzo-hashyinguwe-mu-cyubahiro-imibiri-itatu-yabazize-jenoside-yakorewe-abatutsi</ref>:ruherereye mu [[Umurenge wa Murambi|Murenge wa Murambi]], mu Karere ka [[Akarere ka Rulindo|Rulindo]], mu [[Intara y’Amajyaruguru y’u Rwanda|Ntara y'Amajyaruguru]]. # '''Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa''' '''mugonero'''<ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/article/karongi-hibutswe-inzirakarengane-za-jenoside-ziciwe-ahitwa-mugonero</ref>''':'''ruherereye mu Karere ka [[Akarere ka Karongi|Karongi]], [https://web.archive.org/web/20260108140458/https://www.karongi.gov.rw/akarere/imirenge-nutugari Umurenge wa Gishyita], hafi y'[https://www.igihe.com/ubuzima/article/ab-i-ngoma-bashobora-kubona-ibitaro-bishya-by-akarere ibitaro bya Ngoma]. # '''Urwibutso rwa Jenoside''' '''rwa kaduha:'''ruherereye mu [https://www.nyamagabe.gov.rw/default-title-9/mu-murenge-wa-kaduha-hasorejwe-ukwezi-k-ubumwe-n-ubudaheranwa-bw-abanyarwanda Murenge wa Kaduha], [[Akarere ka Nyamagabe]], mu Ntara y'Amajyepfo mu [[Rwanda]]. # '''Urwibutso rwa Jenoside''' '''rwa Mutete'''<ref>[[Urwibutso rwa jenocide rwa mutete]] </ref>''':'''Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Mutete ruherereye mu [[Umurenge wa mutete|murenge wa Mutete]], mu Karere ka [[Akarere ka Gicumbi|Gicumbi]], mu ntara y’Amajyaruguru y’u [[Rwanda]]. # '''Urwibutso rwa Jenoside''' '''rwa gisuna'''<ref>[[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Gisuna]]</ref>''':'''Urwibutso rwa Gisuna ruherereye mu karere ka [[Akarere ka Gicumbi|Gicumbi]], mu murenge wa [[Byumba]], ahahoze ari [[Byumba|Perefegitura ya Byumba]] # '''Urwibutso rwa Jenoside''' '''rwa Ngororero:'''ruherereye mu Murenge wa [https://www.ngororero.gov.rw/news-detail-1/umurenge-wa-muhororo-bralirwa-yabahaye-urumuri Muhororo], mu Kagari ka Rususa, mu Mudugudu wa Kabagari mu Karere ka [[Akarere ka Ngororero|Ngororero]]. # '''Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Gashora'''<ref>'''Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Gashora'''</ref>:ruherereye mu Karere ka Bugesera, rushyinguyemo imibiri isaga 5,200 y'Abatutsi bazize [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside]] yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994 == Amashakiro == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Urutonde rw'inzibutso za jenoside mu Rwanda]] j4f82fu0u6kress1o4ehi5kl28vpine 0 22568 133938 131017 2026-07-21T21:47:15Z Score Beethoven 11559 133938 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Umurenge wa Musange''' ni umwe mu mirenge 17 igize [[Akarere ka Nyamagabe]], mu [[Intara y’Amajyepfo]] y’u Rwanda. Ni umurenge w’icyaro, aho ubuhinzi n’ubworozi biri mu bikorwa by’ingenzi by’abaturage. == Imiterere y’ubuyobozi == Urubuga rwemewe rw’Akarere ka Nyamagabe rushyira Musange ku rutonde rw’imirenge 17 igize ako karere.<ref>[https://www.nyamagabe.gov.rw/ « Akarere ka Nyamagabe »], urubuga rwemewe rw’Akarere ka Nyamagabe.</ref> Umurenge wa Musange ugizwe n’utugari dutandatu: * Gasave; * Jenda; * Masagara; * Masangano; * Masizi; * Nyagisozi. Icyicaro cy’umurenge giherereye mu Kagari ka Jenda. == Abaturage == Mu ibarura rusange ry’abaturage n’imiturire ryo mu 2012, Umurenge wa Musange wari utuwe n’abaturage 18.680. Mu 2022, abaturage bari bageze kuri 20.345, barimo abagore 10.460 n’abagabo 9.885.<ref name="abaturage">[https://citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/nyamagabe/2512__musange/ « Musange (Sector, Rwanda) »], ''City Population'', hashingiwe ku mibare y’Ikigo cy’Igihugu cy’Ibarurishamibare cy’u Rwanda.</ref> Ibarura ryo mu 2022 ryagaragaje ko abaturage bose b’umurenge bari batuye mu bice by’icyaro.<ref name="abaturage" /> == Ibikorwa n’ubukungu == Abaturage bo mu Murenge wa Musange bakora cyane cyane ubuhinzi n’ubworozi. Mu matungo yororwa harimo inka, ihene, ingurube n’andi matungo magufi. == Uburezi == Umurenge wa Musange urimo amashuri y’inshuke, abanza n’ayisumbuye. Mu bigo by’amashuri bivugwa muri uyu murenge harimo GS Mutakara, GS Gasave na GS Musange. GS Musange kandi ifite ishami ry’amashuri y’imyuga n’ubumenyingiro. == Ibikorwa remezo == Umuhanda wa Gasaka–Musange uhuza umurenge n’umujyi wa Nyamagabe. Mu 2012, ubuyobozi bw’Akarere ka Nyamagabe bwatangaje gahunda yo gutunganya uwo muhanda wari ufite uburebure bwa kilometero 30, kugira ngo woroshye ingendo no kugeza umusaruro w’ubuhinzi ku masoko.<ref>Emmanuel Nshimiyimana, [https://kigalitoday.com/ubukungu/iterambere/article/nyamagabe-umuhanda-uhuza-umurenge-wa-musange-n-umujyi-wa-nyamagabe-ugiye « Nyamagabe: Umuhanda uhuza Umurenge wa Musange n’umujyi wa Nyamagabe ugiye gukorwa »], ''Kigali Today'', 25 Ukwakira 2012.</ref> == Imishinga y’iterambere == Umuryango GiveDirectly watangije umushinga wo gutanga amafaranga ku ngo zo mu Murenge wa Musange. Ubuyobozi bw’Akarere ka Nyamagabe bwatangaje ko ingo zari kuzuza ibisabwa zari guhabwa amafaranga arenga 800.000 mu byiciro bibiri.<ref name="GiveDirectly">[https://www.nyamagabe.gov.rw/default-title-9/musange-hatangijwe-umushinga-ugiye-kunganira-iterambere-ryabaturage « Musange hatangijwe umushinga ugiye kunganira iterambere ry’abaturage »], Akarere ka Nyamagabe.</ref> Abakozi ba GiveDirectly batangaje ko bari gusura ingo no gukusanya amakuru, kandi abaturage basabwa kwirinda abantu babaka ruswa kugira ngo babandike muri uwo mushinga. Inkunga yari igenewe gufasha imiryango gukora ibikorwa by’iterambere, birimo kugura amatungo no kuvugurura amazu.<ref name="GiveDirectly" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Nyamagabe|Musange]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Musange]] 6ydcdi2cthvpi0pe2wu89922oku0icn 0 22673 133949 131573 2026-07-21T22:38:07Z Score Beethoven 11559 133949 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:LL-Q33573 (kin)-Anne Peline-Rushashi.wav|thumb|Izina « Rushashi » rivugwa mu Kinyarwanda.]] '''Umurenge wa Rushashi''' ni umwe mu mirenge 19 igize [[Akarere ka Gakenke]], mu [[Intara y’Amajyaruguru]] y’u Rwanda. == Imiterere y’ubuyobozi == Akarere ka Gakenke kagizwe n’imirenge 19, utugari 97 n’imidugudu 617.<ref>[https://www.gakenke.gov.rw/en/translate-to-english-akarere/about-district « About District »], Akarere ka Gakenke, yasuwe ku wa 21 Nyakanga 2026.</ref> Rushashi igizwe n’utugari umunani: * Burimba * Busanane * Joma * Kageyo * Mbogo * Razi * Rwankuba * Shyombwe <ref>[https://www.mindat.org/feature-11186766.html « Rushashi, Gakenke District, Northern Province, Rwanda »], ''Mindat'', yasuwe ku wa 21 Nyakanga 2026.</ref> == Abaturage == Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2012, Umurenge wa Rushashi wari utuwe n’abaturage 17.806. Mu 2022, abaturage bari 18.835, barimo abagore 9.861 n’abagabo 8.974.<ref name="population">[https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/gakenke/4219__rushashi/ « Rushashi (Sector, Rwanda) »], ''City Population'', amakuru akomoka mu Kigo cy’Igihugu cy’Ibarurishamibare cy’u Rwanda, yasuwe ku wa 21 Nyakanga 2026.</ref> Muri abo baturage, 6.368 bari munsi y’imyaka 15, abari hagati y’imyaka 15 na 64 bari 11.194, naho abafite imyaka 65 cyangwa irenga bari 1.273. Mu ibarura ryo mu 2022, abaturage bose ba Rushashi bashyizwe mu cyiciro cy’abatuye mu cyaro.<ref name="population" /> == Ibikorwa, ubukungu == Ubuhinzi, cyane cyane ubw’ikawa, buri mu bikorwa by’ubukungu bikorerwa muri Rushashi. Koperative Abakundakawa Rushashi yari ifite abanyamuryango 2.109 mu 2022, barimo abagore 1.067. Muri uwo mwaka, koperative yohereje ku isoko mpuzamahanga toni 200 z’ikawa itunganyije, ziyinjiriza amafaranga y’u Rwanda arenga miliyari 1,3.<ref>[https://www.gakenke.gov.rw/soma-ibindi/abahinzi-bibumbiye-muri-koperative-abakundakawa-rushashi-bahembwe-ibikoresho-namatungo-bifite-agaciro-ka-miliyoni-128 « Abahinzi bibumbiye muri Koperative Abakundakawa Rushashi bahembwe ibikoresho n’amatungo bifite agaciro ka miliyoni 128 »], Akarere ka Gakenke, 24 Gicurasi 2022.</ref> Igishushanyombonera cy’Akarere ka Gakenke giteganya guteza imbere isantere ya Rushashi. Aho iherereye ku muhanda uhuza Giticyinyoni, Ruli na Gakenke hafasha mu bucuruzi bw’imyaka, ibiribwa n’ibindi bicuruzwa.<ref>[https://fr.scribd.com/document/1003107094/MINISTERIAL-ORDER-N-004-25-10-TC-OF-28-07-2025-ESTABLISHING-LAND-USE-AND-DEVELOPMENT-MASTER-PLAN-OF-GAKENKE-DISTRICT « Gakenke District Land Use and Development Master Plan 2023–2050 »], ''Official Gazette'', 30 Nyakanga 2025.</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Gakenke|Rushashi]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Rushashi]] bw82u34kg27bjor4v1v7jl29k6ewcqs 0 22964 133961 132610 2026-07-22T05:45:09Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 133961 wikitext text/x-wiki Ikigo Nderabuzima cya Kayumbu<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.kamonyi.gov.rw/default-title-8/ikigo-nderabuzima-cya-kayumbu-cyaruzuye-hasigaye-ibikoresho-kigatangira-gukora |title=Archive copy |access-date=2026-06-23 |archive-date=2026-06-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260623174613/https://www.kamonyi.gov.rw/default-title-8/ikigo-nderabuzima-cya-kayumbu-cyaruzuye-hasigaye-ibikoresho-kigatangira-gukora |url-status=dead }}</ref> ni ivuriro rya leta ryubatse kagari ka Muyange mu Murenge wa Kayumbu, mu [[Akarere ka Kamonyi|Karere ka Kamonyi]], mu [[Intara y'amajyepfo|ntara]] [[Intara y'amajyepfo|y'amajyepfo]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Uru ni urutonde rw’izindi serivisi z’ubuzima zitangwa n’Ikigo Nderabuzima cya Kayumbu: === Serivisi z’Ingenzi z’Ubuvuzi<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/mu-rwanda/article/kamonyi-ikigo-nderabuzima-cya-kayumbu-kigiye-kugurirwa-ibikoresho</ref> === * Kuvura abagwayi batashye: Gupima no kuvura indwara rusange nka malariya, inkorora, n'izindi mbyiro. * [[Ubuvuzi mu Rwanda|Ubuvuzi]] bw’amenyo: Serivisi zihariye zo gupima, kuvura, no gukura amenyo arwaye. * Serivisi z'Innyo: Kwita no kuvura ibibazo bijyanye n'umuyoboro w'inyo no gusuzuma indwara zaho. * Laboratwari: Gupima amaraso, inkari, n'imyanda ngo hamenyekane indwara zitandukanye. * Guherekeza no kubaga byoroshye: Kwitaho no gufunga ibisebe bito n'izindi mpuruza zihuse. Ubuzima bw'Ababyeyi n'[[Abana]]: * Kugenzura abagore batwite: Gupima no gukurikirana ubuzima bw'umubyeyi n'umwana uri mu nda. * Kubyaza: Serivisi z'ababyeyi babyara mu buryo busanzwe kandi mu mutekano. * Kuvura abana: Gukurikirana n'ubuvuzi bw'indwara zibasira abana bari munsi y'imyaka itanu. * Gukingira: Gutanga inkingo z'ibanze ku bana n'abagore batwite. * Kuboneza urubaro: Gutanga inshunge, ibinini, n'izindi buryo bwo guhindura imbyaro. Izindi Serivisi z’Ubuzima<ref>https://imvahonshya.co.rw/kamonyi-kayumbu-barifuza-ubuvuzi-bwamenyo-bagaca-ukubiri-no-kuyivuza-magendu/</ref>: * Gahunda y'imirire: Gupima abana bafite imirire mibi no kubagira inama z'uburyo bwo kuyikosora. * Ubujyanama n'Ibizami bya HIV: Gupima ku bushake no gutanga imiti igabanya ubukana bwa [[SIDA]]. * Ubuzima bwo mu mutwe: Gutanga ubujyanama n'ubufasha bw'ibanze ku bafite ibibazo byo mu mutwe. == Amashakiro == jhwqhm1rpfo38o825qoobdx37xqu1g8 0 22977 133962 133596 2026-07-22T05:49:00Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 133962 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ikigo Nderabuzima cya Ngeruka'''<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://muhaziyacu.rw/amakuru/ubuzima/ikigo-nderabuzima-cya-ngeruka-kigiye-kongererwa-abaganga-mbere-yuko-kigirwa-ibitaro/ |title=Ikigo Nderabuzima cya Ngeruka kigiye kongererwa Abaganga mbere y’uko kigirwa Ibitaro – MUHAZI YACU |access-date=2026-06-24 |archive-date=2026-06-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260624133534/https://muhaziyacu.rw/amakuru/ubuzima/ikigo-nderabuzima-cya-ngeruka-kigiye-kongererwa-abaganga-mbere-yuko-kigirwa-ibitaro/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ni ikigo cy’ubuzima cya Leta giherereye mu Murenge wa Ngeruka, Akarere ka Bugesera, [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba|Intara y’Iburasirazuba]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Iki kigo gitanga serivisi z’ubuvuzi bw’ibanze ku baturage batuye muri ako gace no mu nkengero zako. === Aho giherereye<ref name=":0" /> === [[Ikigo nderabuzima|Ikigo Nderabuzima]] cya Ngeruka kiri mu Murenge wa Ngeruka, umwe mu mirenge igize [[Akarere ka Bugesera]]. Aka gace kazwi cyane kubera ibikorwa by’[[ubuhinzi]] n’[[Ubworozi mu Rwanda|ubworozi]], kandi gatuwe n’abaturage benshi bakeneye serivisi z’ubuzima zegereye aho batuye<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |url=https://www.bugesera.gov.rw/soma-ibindi/serivise-zubuvuzi-zatangirwaga-gusa-ku-bitaro-bya-nyamata-ziri-gutangirwa-muri-ngeruka |title=Serivise z’ubuvuzi zatangirwaga gusa ku bitaro bya Nyamata ziri gutangirwa mu muri Ngeruka |access-date=2026-06-24 |archive-date=2026-06-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260624133519/https://www.bugesera.gov.rw/soma-ibindi/serivise-zubuvuzi-zatangirwaga-gusa-ku-bitaro-bya-nyamata-ziri-gutangirwa-muri-ngeruka |url-status=dead }}</ref>. ====== Serivisi zitangwa<ref name=":1" /> ====== Iki kigo nderabuzima gitanga serivisi z’ubuzima bw’ibanze, zirimo: * Kuvura [[Indwara y'Umusonga|indwara]] zisanzwe nk’umuriro, [[Malaria|malaria,]] inkorora n’[[ibicurane]] * Serivisi z’ababyeyi harimo kwipimisha inda (ANC) no kubyara * Gukingira [[abana]] hakurikijwe gahunda y’igihugu * Gukurikirana imikurire y’abana bato * Serivisi z’ubujyanama ku [[Ubuzima bw’imyororokere|buzima bw’imyororokere]] * Kohereza abarwayi ku bitaro bikuru iyo bibaye ngombwa. == Amashakiro == tjhkzu8x9g6m5gza8khhpqdelg3dinz 0 22987 133867 133181 2026-07-20T15:10:34Z HiAmos 18412 Nongeye andi makuru 133867 wikitext text/x-wiki '''AMADINI :''' ni uburyo abantu bishyira hamwe bakizera Imana cyangwa ikindi bemera cyera, bakagendera ku nyigisho, amahame n'imigenzo bibafasha kubaho no gusenga<ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/kuki-amadini-yemera-imana-imwe-agira-imigenzo-itandukanye</ref>[[Dosiye:Sankt Jakob im Rosental Maria Elend Wallfahrtskirche Maria Elend 20032015 0981.jpg|thumb|Urusengero]] Kugeza ubu, mu Rwanda habarurwa imiryango itari iya Leta igera ku 2,366, muri yo 577 ikaba ishingiye ku myemerere. RGB isaba ko hakazwa ubufatanye mu gukumira ibi byago hakiri kare, hagamijwe kurinda umutekano w’igihugu n’uw’abaturage bose<ref>https://imvahonshya.co.rw/amadini-namatorero-mu-rwanda-bibonwamo-ibyago-byiyezandonke-nibikorwa-byiterabwoba/</ref> Urwego rw’Igihugu rw’Imiyoborere (RGB) rwatangaje ko imiryango itari iya Leta ishingiye ku myemerere (FBOs) ari yo ifite ibyago byinshi byo kwibasirwa n’iyezandonke ndetse n’ibikorwa by’iterabwoba. Ibi byagarutsweho ku wa 17 Nzeri 2025, ubwo RGB yaganiraga n’abayobozi b’amadini n’amatorero ku bijyanye na politiki nshya igamije kurwanya iyezandonke no gukumira iterabwoba<ref>https://imvahonshya.co.rw/amadini-namatorero-mu-rwanda-bibonwamo-ibyago-byiyezandonke-nibikorwa-byiterabwoba/</ref> ==== '''Impamvu zatumye insengero zifungwa''' ==== [[Dosiye:Fortified church in Viscri, Brașov 93.jpg|thumb|urusengero rutujuje ibisabwa]] Insengero nyinshi mu Rwanda zafunzwe n’Urwego rw’Igihugu rw’Imiyoborere (RGB) kubera kutuzuza ibisabwa n’amategeko n’amabwiriza agenga ibikorwa by’amadini n’amatorero. Mu bugenzuzi bwakozwe, byagaragaye ko zimwe mu nsengero zakoreraga mu nyubako zitujuje ubuziranenge, zitagira imirindankuba, inzira zihagije zo gusohokamo mu gihe cy’impanuka, cyangwa izindi ngamba z’umutekano zarindaga abasengeramo. Hari kandi izakoraga zidafite ubuzima gatozi cyangwa zitemerewe gukora mu buryo bwemewe n’amategeko. RGB yavuze ko izi ngamba zafashwe hagamijwe kurinda umutekano n’ubuzima bw’abaturage, kandi ko insengero zuzuza ibisabwa zikomeza kongera gufungurirwa nyuma y’ubugenzuzi<ref>https://umwezi.rw/?p=15725</ref> ==== '''Ese kugira idini ni ngombwa?''' ==== ''Mu Abaheburayo 10:24, 25. haravuga ngo “Tujye tuzirikanana kugira ngo duterane ishyaka ryo gukundana no gukora imirimo myiza, tutirengagiza guteranira hamwe.” kdi'' Mu Baheburayo 10:25 hakoreshwa imvugo igira iti “tutirengagiza guteranira hamwe.” Ayo magambo agaragaza ko Imana yifuza ko abantu bagira gahunda yo guteranira hamwe mu rwego rw’itsinda bagasenga. Ariko se buri wese akwiriye kugira uburyo bwe bwo kumenya Imana n’ibyo idusaba? Oya. Bibiliya ivuga ko abasenga Imana mu buryo yemera bose bagombye ‘kuvuga rumwe, bakunga ubumwe mu bitekerezo kandi bakagira imyumvire imwe’ (1 Abakorinto 1:10<ref>https://www.jw.org/rw/isomero/amagazeti/g201407/amadini/</ref> 13kgu2gdbi3771qptyu2ldltykjee9s 0 23028 133864 2026-07-20T14:56:52Z Igiraneza Divine 15375 Igiraneza Divine moved page [[ABAKORANA BUSHAKE BURUBYIRUKO]] to [[ABAKORANA BUSHAKE]]: Misspelled title 133864 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ABAKORANA BUSHAKE]] ofdjlf7crxs22fmo9kt1ylom3xcmhr8 0 23029 133875 2026-07-20T18:28:00Z Clemy Keza 18414 Clemy Keza moved page [[Abayisenga Marie Grace]] to [[Abayizera Marie Grace]]: Wrong name 133875 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Abayizera Marie Grace]] h4kx7i9ggogx20lavaoqqed6lrscxgk 0 23030 133885 2026-07-20T21:15:44Z Clemy Keza 18414 Clemy Keza moved page [[Agricultural pollution]] to [[Ihumana Rikomoka ku Buhinzi]]: Title yari mu rurimi runyuranye n'inkuru 133885 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ihumana Rikomoka ku Buhinzi]] pd8nyb7wjr1lqvu6z47ao03yy184ntr 0 23031 133887 2026-07-20T21:17:57Z Clemy Keza 18414 Clemy Keza moved page [[Ihumana Rikomoka ku Buhinzi]] to [[Ihumana Rikomoka ku Ubuhinzi]] 133887 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ihumana Rikomoka ku Ubuhinzi]] fsdhhx0bok4wxekuw9uy8g2mri076qh 0 23032 133893 2026-07-20T21:53:21Z Clemy Keza 18414 Clemy Keza moved page [[Akagari Ka Ruhunda]] to [[Akagari ka Ruhunda]]: Amakosa y'imyandikire 133893 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Akagari ka Ruhunda]] cbfz5px88m6zn54v8d09kfhjcy85rxz 0 23033 133896 2026-07-20T21:55:44Z Clemy Keza 18414 Clemy Keza moved page [[Akagali ka rwesero]] to [[Akagali ka Rwesero]]: Amakosa y'imyandikire 133896 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Akagali ka Rwesero]] cojwhv7iat0c5i38962ge38fpdl34xy 0 23034 133912 2026-07-21T17:32:38Z Score Beethoven 11559 Created page with "[[Dosiye:Rwanda_Sectors.PNG|thumb|umurenge wa mageragere ugaragara ku ikarita y'u Rwanda mu mujyi wa Kigali, akarere ka Nyarugenge]] '''Umurenge wa Mageragere''' ni umwe mu mirenge icumi(10)igize [[Akarere ka Nyarugenge]], ni umurenge wahoze mu cyahoze ari [[Akarere ka Butamwa]] mbere y’ivugururwa ry’ubutegetsi.<ref name="Mageragere" /> === Ubumenyi bw'isi === Umurenge wa Mageragere ufite ubuso bwa km 2 54.8 n’abaturage '''59,747''' mu ibarura ryakozwe mu mwaka wa..." 133912 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Rwanda_Sectors.PNG|thumb|umurenge wa mageragere ugaragara ku ikarita y'u Rwanda mu mujyi wa Kigali, akarere ka Nyarugenge]] '''Umurenge wa Mageragere''' ni umwe mu mirenge icumi(10)igize [[Akarere ka Nyarugenge]], ni umurenge wahoze mu cyahoze ari [[Akarere ka Butamwa]] mbere y’ivugururwa ry’ubutegetsi.<ref name="Mageragere" /> === Ubumenyi bw'isi === Umurenge wa Mageragere ufite ubuso bwa km 2 54.8 n’abaturage '''59,747''' mu ibarura ryakozwe mu mwaka wa 2022. Ugizwe n’utugari turindwi aritwo Nyarufunzo, Kankuba, Mataba, Nyarurenzi, Runzenze, Ntungamo na Kavumu.<ref name="Mageragere" /> === Umuco === N’ubwo Mageragere iri mu mujyi wa [[Kigali]], abaturage bayo babayeho ubuzima bw’igiturage. Abo baturage barangwa nogukora ubuhinzi kandi bagakoresha ibicanwa nk'inkwi n'amakara muguteka.<ref name="Mageragere">[https://www.nyarugenge.gov.rw/soma-ibindi/mageragere-hakozwe-igikorwa-cyo-kubakira-abatishoboye « Mageragere: Hakozwe igikorwa cyo kubakira abatishoboye »], ''Akarere ka Nyarugenge'', yasuwe ku wa 21 Nyakanga 2026.</ref> === Ingamba === Muri gahunda y’umwaka umwe, umurenge uzita kubikorwa bizacyemura ibibazo abawutuye bose bahura nabyo. Ibi byose kandi amurenge uzabikora utibagiwe ko bigomba kuba ibikorwa birambye,<ref>[https://www.facebook.com/tv1rwanda/posts/820281156777203/ « Abaturage b'Umurenge wa Mageragere mu Karere ka Nyarugenge batewe impungenge »], ''TV1 Rwanda'', yasuwe ku wa 21 Nyakanga 2026.</ref> ni ukuvuga ko mu bizakorwa byose hazitabwa mu kubungabunga ibidukikije harwanywa isuri kandi hanarindwa amashyamba.<ref name="Mageragere" /> Ibindi ni uko isuku izakomeza kuranga abaturage ba Mageragere kandi nk’uko bizwi ko Umuturage ariwe shingiro ry’amajyambere, hazakorwa ibishoboka byose ngo abaturage barindwe indwara z’ibyorezo nka [[SIDA]] na Malariya n'izindi ndwara ziterwa nisuku nke cyangwa imirire mibi kandi banakangurirwe kujya mu bwisungane mu kwivuza.<ref name="Mageragere" /> === Iterambere === Imishinga izashyirwa mu bikorwa muri uyu mwaka ni iyo , ku baka gereza nkuru ya [[kigali]],kugeza amazi meza ku baturage,gusana ibiro by'umurenge,amashyiga ya kijyambere, gushinga ishami rya banki y'[[Abaturage Ubuzima n’Imiturire|abaturage]], kandi bunguka ubumenyi mu gukora imirimo itandukanye. [[Abaturage Rusange|Abaturage]] bazakangurirwa kuzigama, gutegura udushinga duto bskagana banki bakoroherezwa kubona ibishoro maze ibi bizatume bivana koko mu bukene.<ref>[https://imvahonshya.co.rw/umurenge-wa-mageragere-isoko-ryo-gukora-maintenance-yimashini-na-accesoires-zazo-gukora-printer-iryo-gutanga-internet-niryo-gukora-isuku/ « Umurenge wa Mageragere: Isoko ryo gukora maintenance y'imashini na accessoires zazo, gukora printer, iryo gutanga internet n'iryo gukora isuku »], ''Imvaho Nshya'', yasuwe ku wa 21 Nyakanga 2026.</ref><ref>[https://igihe.com/amakuru/muri-afurika/u-rwanda/article/impinduka-mu-iterambere-rya-mageragere-yahoze-ari-igice-kitikozwa-n-abifite « Impinduka mu iterambere rya Mageragere yahoze ari igice kitikozwa n'abifite »], ''IGIHE'', yasuwe ku wa 21 Nyakanga 2026.</ref> Ku bijyanye n’inkiko gacaca uyu mwaka uzarangira amadosiye 80% y’abaregwa yaramaze kuburanishwa. Umurenge ushyize imbere imikorere myiza mu gutanga service vuba kubawugana, uyu murenge ukaba usaba inkunga y’ abawutuye bose ngo iyi gahunda izashyirwe mu bikorwa kubufatanye bwimpande zombi.<ref>[https://x.com/Mageragere_Sect « Umurenge wa Mageragere »], ''X'', yasuwe ku wa 21 Nyakanga 2026.</ref> === Amashakiro === <references /> [[Category:Akarere ka Nyarugenge]] [[Category:Imirenge y’u Rwanda]] clh8wy5h4xj83xow8o89sd05ofjf3e1 133917 133912 2026-07-21T17:55:05Z Score Beethoven 11559 133917 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | official_name = Bwishyura | settlement_type = [[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Umurenge]] | subdivision_type = Igihugu | subdivision_name = [[Rwanda]] | subdivision_type1 = Intara | subdivision_name1 = [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba]] | subdivision_type2 = Akarere | subdivision_name2 = [[Akarere ka Karongi]] | population_as_of = 2022 | population_total = 40720 }} '''Bwishyura''' ni umwe mu [[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|mirenge]] igize [[Akarere ka Karongi]], mu [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba]] bw’u [[Rwanda]]. Ufite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 46,21. Ibarura rusange ry’abaturage ryo mu 2022 ryagaragaje ko wari utuwe n’abaturage 40.720.<ref>[https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/karongi/3101__bwishyura/ « Bwishyura (Sector, Rwanda) »], ''City Population'', yasuwe ku wa 21 Nyakanga 2026.</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Karongi]] kff3bywpu6d1kli8q3duip1vp84gfif 0 23035 134053 2026-07-23T06:10:29Z PK2 848 Redirected page to [[Intangiriro]] 134053 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Intangiriro]] c4j3nbjkh6vtfjytx6tj8y7hmhuzccb