Wikipedia rwwiki https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intangiriro MediaWiki 1.48.0-wmf.1 first-letter Itangazamakuru Ibidasanzwe Ibiganiro Umukoresha Ibiganiro by'umukoresha Wikipedia Ibiganiro kuri Wikipedia Dosiye Ibiganiro kuri dosiye MediyaWiki Ibiganiro kuri MediyaWiki Inyandikorugero Ibiganiro ku nyandikorugero Ubufasha Ibiganiro ku bufasha Ikiciro Ibiganiro ku byiciro TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 6143 148348 144407 2026-10-30T02:37:44Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 148348 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Latrans-Turkey location Istanbul.svg|thumb|right|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’Intara y’Istanbul </span>]] [[File:Istanbul location districts.svg|thumb|right|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Uturere tw’Istanbul</span>]] [[File:Istanbul and Bosporus big.jpg|thumb|right|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Istanbul</span>]] [[File:DSC03832 Istanbul - Aya Sophia - Foto G. Dall'Orto 24-5-2006.jpg|thumb|right|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Istanbul</span>]] [[File:Halic.png|thumb|right|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Istanbul</span>]] '''Intara y’Istanbul''' cyangwa '''Intara y’İstanbul''' (izina mu [[giturukiya]] : ''İstanbul ili'') n’[[intara]] muri [[Turukiya]]. Umurwa mukuru w’intara y’Istanbul witwa [[Istanbul (umujyi)|umujyi wa Istanbul]]. Intara y’Istanbul gatuwe n’abaturage bagera kuri 12.915.158 (abagabo 6.498.997 n’abagore 6.416.161)<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://report.tuik.gov.tr/reports/rwservlet?adnksdb2=&report=idari_yapi_09sonrasi.RDF&p_il1=34&p_yil=2009&p_dil=1&desformat=html&ENVID=nufus2000db2Env |title=TÜİK |access-date=2011-04-01 |archive-date=2011-10-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111004071604/http://report.tuik.gov.tr/reports/rwservlet?adnksdb2=&report=idari_yapi_09sonrasi.RDF&p_il1=34&p_yil=2009&p_dil=1&desformat=html&ENVID=nufus2000db2Env |url-status=dead }}</ref>, batuye kubuso bwa km² 5343 . == Uturere tw’Istanbul == * [[Akarere k’Adalar]] * [[Akarere k’Arnavutköy]] * [[Akarere k’Ataşehir]] * [[Akarere k’Avcılar]] * [[Akarere ka Bağcılar]] * [[Akarere ka Bahçelievler]] * [[Akarere ka Bakırköy]] * [[Akarere ka Başakşehir]] * [[Akarere ka Bayrampaşa]] * [[Akarere ka Beşiktaş]] * [[Akarere ka Beykoz]] * [[Akarere ka Beylikdüzü]] * [[Akarere ka Beyoğlu]] * [[Akarere ka Büyükçekmece]] * [[Akarere ka Çatalca]] * [[Akarere ka Çekmeköy]] * [[Akarere k’Esenler]] * [[Akarere k’Esenyurt]] * [[Akarere k’Eyüp]] * [[Akarere ka Fatih]] * [[Akarere ka Gaziosmanpaşa]] * [[Akarere ka Güngören]] * [[Akarere ka Kadıköy]] * [[Akarere ka Kağıthane]] * [[Akarere ka Kartal]] * [[Akarere ka Küçükçekmece]] * [[Akarere ka Maltepe]] * [[Akarere ka Pendik]] * [[Akarere ka Sancaktepe]] * [[Akarere ka Sarıyer]] * [[Akarere ka Silivri]] * [[Akarere ka Sultanbeyli]] * [[Akarere ka Sultangazi]] * [[Akarere ka Şile]] * [[Akarere ka Şişli]] * [[Akarere ka Tuzla]] * [[Akarere k’Ümraniye]] * [[Akarere k’Üsküdar]] * [[Akarere ka Zeytinburnu]] == Ubuyobozi bw’Istanbul == :Umuyobozi w’intara : Hüseyin Avni Mutlu :Umuyobozi w’umujyi : Kadir Topbaş == Imibare y’abaturage == {| class="wikitable" | valign="top" | {| ! style="background:#efefef;" | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; uturere &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; ! style="background:#efefef;" | abaturage |- | [[Adalar]] || align="right" | 10.460 |- | [[Arnavutköy]] || align="right" | 148.419 |- | [[Ataşehir]] || align="right" | 345.588 |- | [[Avcılar]] || align="right" | 322.190 |- | [[Bağcılar]] || align="right" | 719.267 |- | [[Bahçelievler]] || align="right" | 571.711 |- | [[Bakırköy]] || align="right" | 214.821 |- | [[Başakşehir]] || align="right" | 193.750 |- | [[Bayrampaşa]] || align="right" | 272.196 |- | [[Beşiktaş]] || align="right" | 191.513 |- |} | valign="top" | {| ! style="background:#efefef;" | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; uturere &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; ! style="background:#efefef;" | abaturage |- | [[Beykoz]] || align="right" | 241.833 |- | [[Beylikdüzü]] || align="right" | 186.847 |- | [[Beyoğlu]] || align="right" | 247.256 |- | [[Büyükçekmece]] || align="right" | 151.954 |- | [[Çatalca]] || align="right" | 61.566 |- | [[Çekmeköy]] || align="right" | 135.603 |- | [[Esenler]] || align="right" | 468.448 |- | [[Esenyurt]] || align="right" | 335.316 |- | [[Eyüp]] || align="right" | 317.695 |- | [[Fatih]] || align="right" | 455.499 |} | valign="top" | {| ! style="background:#efefef;" | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; uturere &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; ! style="background:#efefef;" | abaturage |- | [[Gaziosmanpaşa]] || align="right" | 464.109 |- | [[Güngören]] || align="right" | 318.545 |- | [[Kadıköy]] || align="right" | 550.801 |- | [[Kağıthane]] || align="right" | 418.229 |- | [[Kartal]] || align="right" | 427.156 |- | [[Küçükçekmece]] || align="right" | 662.566 |- | [[Maltepe]] || align="right" | 415.117 |- | [[Pendik]] || align="right" | 520.486 |- | [[Sancaktepe]] || align="right" | 223.755 |- | [[Sarıyer]] || align="right" | 276.407 |} | valign="top" | {| ! style="background:#efefef;" | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; uturere &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; ! style="background:#efefef;" | abaturage |- | [[Silivri]] || align="right" | 118.304 |- | [[Sultanbeyli]] || align="right" | 272.758 |- | [[Sultangazi]] || align="right" | 436.935 |- | [[Şile]] || align="right" | 25.169 |- | [[Şişli]] || align="right" | 314.684 |- | [[Tuzla]] || align="right" | 225.523 |- | [[Ümraniye]] || align="right" | 553.352 |- | [[Üsküdar]] || align="right" | 529.550 |- | [[Zeytinburnu]] || align="right" | 288.743 |- | <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ibb.gov.tr/tr-TR/kurumsal/Pages/IlceveIlkKademe.aspx |title=Archive copy |access-date=2011-04-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160527111831/http://www.ibb.gov.tr/tr-TR/kurumsal/Pages/IlceveIlkKademe.aspx |archive-date=2016-05-27 |url-status=dead}}</ref> |} |} == references == {{Reflist}} == Imiyoboro == * [http://www.istanbul.gov.tr/ Ubuyobozi bw’Intara y’Istanbul] * [http://www.istanbul.bel.tr/ Ubuyobozi bw’Umujyi w’Istanbul] [[Category:Intara ya Turukiya|I]] pee4tsajj1q9f3udmuaj99zjpw83nln 0 7545 148338 68743 2026-10-29T21:39:34Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 148338 wikitext text/x-wiki {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" style="margin-left:1em; background:#f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |---- |---- bgcolor="#e3e3e3" ! colspan="2" bgcolor="#e3e3e3" |[[file:Concepcion-Chile(001).jpg|250px]] |---- |---- bgcolor="#e3e3e3" ! colspan="2" bgcolor="#e3e3e3" | Concepción: [http://tools.wikimedia.de/~magnus/geo/geohack.php?language=en&params=36_46_22_S_73_03_47_W 36° 46' 22" S 73° 03' 47" W] |---- | align="center" | | align="center" | [[file:Comuna de Concepción.svg|250px]] |---- | align="center" style="background:#e3e3e3;" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | |} [[file:Coat of arms of Concepcion, Chile.svg|70px|left]] '''Concepción''' [''kon.sepˈsjon''] ni [[umujyi]] w’u [[Shili]]. <gallery perrow=4> File:Arco de Medicina UdeC.jpg| File:Moderno Edificio en Concepción.jpg| File:Desembocadura del Biobío.jpg| File:Ex Catedral de Concepción.jpg| File:Biobus01.jpg| File:Hotel El Araucano.JPG| File:Plaza de Armas Concepción.jpg| </gallery> == Links == * https://web.archive.org/web/20100211124604/http://www.concepcion.cl/ {{commons|Concepcion, Chile|Concepción}} [[Category:Shili| ]] etxxu99k62klffk3tg5r1acnihi4ius 0 8534 148331 142282 2026-10-29T20:52:52Z NSHUTIYIMANA Moise 17987 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 148331 wikitext text/x-wiki Umugabekazi ni inyito yitwaga nyina w'Umwami. Umugabekazi (izina mu [[Cyongereza]] a Queen mother or a dowager queen) [[Dosiye:Jean_d'_Amour_NTIRENGANTA_with_Queen_of_the_Netherlands_-_Maxima_-_During_Food_first_conference_-_Copy.jpg|thumb|Umunyarwanda Jean d' Amour NTIRENGANYA n' umugabekazi wa Netherlands - Maxima, mu inama yo guteza imbere imirire myiza.]] == Mu Rwanda == Ubutegetsi bw'ingoma ya cyami mu Rwanda rwo hambere bwari bushingiye k'umwami ariwe nyir'igihugu ariko bukagenda bugira izindi nzego cyangwa abandi bantu batandukanye bagendaga bafasha cyangwa se bunganiraga [[Umwami]] uri ku ngomba mu buryo butandukanye.<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/rw/amakuru/amateka-uko-umwami-yimaga-ingoma-mu-rwanda-59377</ref> Amatwara y'Ingoma-Ngabe aboneka mu bwiru; yavugaga ko iyo umwami yimaga, yimanaga na nyina, umwana akaba umwami w'igihugu, undi akaba umugabekazi wacyo, Umugabekazi akaba yaranganyaga ububasha n'Umwami. ibyemezo byose biyobora igihugu bakabifatira hamwe, ariko nanone nubwo amahame ya cyami yavugaga ko [[Umugore|abagore]] bose ari ab'Umwami, ntibishaka kuvugako umugore w'Umwami wese ari umwamikazi. Umwami yagiraga Umwamikazi umwe, abandi bakaba inshoreke. bityo rero umwamikazi yagiraga aho akomoka akaba ari nawe uzaba umugabekazi, agategekana n'umuhungu we igihe Umwami yabaga [https://web.archive.org/web/20201019221900/http://www.wikirwanda.org/index.php?title=Ikeshamvugo yatanze.]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://umusare.co.rw/isomero/amateka-yu-rwanda-ibyo-wamenya-ku-itorwa-numumaro-wabagabekazi-mu-butegetsi-bwa-cyami |accessdate=2020-10-13 |archive-date=2020-10-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201013194659/https://umusare.co.rw/isomero/amateka-yu-rwanda-ibyo-wamenya-ku-itorwa-numumaro-wabagabekazi-mu-butegetsi-bwa-cyami |deadurl=yes }}</ref> umugabekazi yabaga aumwe numwamikazi umwe kungo nayo yabaga iyobowe n'umwami umwe gusa rukumbi.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/umuco/amateka/article/menya-abami-n-abagabekazi-batabarijwe-i-rutare-muri-gicumbi-ahaberaga-igiterane</ref> [[Dosiye:Queen_Mother_Nyiramavugo_III_Kankazi_palace_ruins.jpg|thumb|Queen Mother Nyiramavugo III Kankazi palace ruins]] == Amateka n'imishyirirweho y'abagabekazi == Amateka agaragaza ko kuva Gihanga yahanga ingoma nyiginya y'I Gasabo, aha ndavuga ahasaga mu w'1090 kugeza mu w'1124, Abamikazi ari nabo bavagamo abagabekazi bagiraga imiryango n'ubwoko bakomokagamo. umuryango bakomokagamo witwaga IBIBANDA. ibibanda bwari ubwoko bubyara abagabekazi.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/umuco/amateka/article/menya-abami-n-abagabekazi-batabarijwe-i-rutare-muri-gicumbi-ahaberaga-igiterane</ref> [[Dosiye:The_Shelter_of_the_Last_Queen_of_Rwanda_Rosarie_Gicanda.jpg|thumb|Icumbi ry'umugabekazi wanyuma w' u Rwanda Rosarie Gicanda]] == Umumaro w'Umugabekazi == Umugabekazi yabaga afite ububasha mu gufata ibyemezo, ubwo bubasha yabugiraga nyuma yuko umuhungu we yimye Ingoma akaba umwami. kuko mugihe yabaga ari Umwamikazi yaherekezaga umwami mu birori cyangwa mu butumire butandukanye ari ntabyemezo ashobora kugiramo uruhare kugeza Umwami atanze umuhungu we akima Ingoma.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/umuco/amateka/article/menya-abami-n-abagabekazi-batabarijwe-i-rutare-muri-gicumbi-ahaberaga-igiterane</ref> Ikindi nuko ntamwami wagiraga umugabe akazi ari mukase. == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Imiyoboro == rrxp1r314yrhkz9y57bvduu5i4jitzw 0 10489 148353 145641 2026-10-30T04:02:02Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 148353 wikitext text/x-wiki Kateshunga Agasaro Uwase Sandrine, uzwi cyane ku izina rya '''Sacha'''<ref name=":0" />''',''' ni umuhanzi nyarwanda uririmba injyana zirimo '''RnB''', '''Afrobeat''' n'izindi njyana zigezweho. Yatangiye umuziki mu mwaka wa 2012, akaba yaramenyekanye binyuze mu ndirimbo yakoranye n'abahanzi batandukanye bo mu [[Rwanda]]<ref name=":1" />. == Ubuzima n'amashuri<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://mobile.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/muzika/abahanzi/sacha/biography-31266 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2026-07-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260725210947/https://mobile.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/muzika/abahanzi/sacha/biography-31266 |archive-date=2026-07-25 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Kateshunga Agasaro Uwase Sandrine yavutse ku wa 4 Mata 1993. Ni umukobwa wa Kateshunga Emmanuel na Mukanshirimpaka Angelique, akaba ari umwana wa gatatu mu bana bane.Amashuri y'incuke yayize ku Ishuri rya Gisimba riherereye i [[Nyamirambo]]. Amashuri abanza yayize kuri APAPER [[Akarere ka Kicukiro|Kicukiro]], naho ayisumbuye ayatangirira kuri APE Rugunga mbere yo kuyakomereza no kuyarangiriza kuri St. Famille. Yize mu ishami rya Tourism Management [[Ubukerarugendo mu Rwanda|(Ubukerarugendo]]). == Umuziki == Sacha yatangiye umwuga w'umuziki mu mwaka wa '''2012'''. Indirimbo ye ya mbere yabaye '''"Igikwiye"''', yayiririmbanye n'umuhanzi '''Danny Nanone'''. Mu kiganiro 3 yigeze gutanga, yavuze ko mbere yo kwinjira mu muziki yakundaga kubyina<ref name=":1">https://inyarwanda.com/rw/amakuru/nyuma-y-umwaka-yibarutse-umuhanzikazi-sacha-atwite-indi-nda-66795</ref>, ariko Danny Nanone amushishikariza kugerageza kuririmba nyuma yo kubona ko afite impano yo kuririmba. Nyuma y'iyo ndirimbo, yakomeje gukora izindi ndirimbo zirimo: * '''Nsobanurira''' (yakoranye na '''Bablee''') * '''Ndaremba''' (yakoranye na '''Tom Close''') * '''Wowe Gusa''' == Ibikorwa mpuzamahanga == Mu Ukuboza '''2012''', Sacha yitabiriye igikorwa cyabereye muri '''[[Kote Divuwari|Côte d'Ivoire]]''', aho yari yatowe nk'umwe mu bahanzi b'abagore bakizamuka bo muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba. Muri icyo gikorwa yahuriye n[[ABAHANZI BO MU RWANDA|'abahanzi]] batandukanye bazwi ku rwego mpuzamahanga, barimo '''[[Chris Crawford|Chris Brow]]<nowiki/>n'''.Mu ntangiriro za '''2013''', yatangaje gahunda yo gukorana indirimbo n'umuhanzi '''Tonnx''' wo muri '''Kampala''', muri [[Uganda Airlines|Uganda.]] ====== Indirimbo ====== * Igikwiye (afatanyije na Danny Nanone) * Nsobanurira (afatanyije na Bablee) * Ndaremba (afatanyije na Tom Close) * Wowe Gusa ====== Reba kandi ====== * [[ABAHANZI BO MU RWANDA|Urutonde rw'abahanzi bo mu Rwanda]] * [[Umuziki gakondo w'u Rwanda|Umuziki mu Rwanda]] == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Abahanzi ba abanyarwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore ba bahanzi]] [[Ikiciro:Umuziki nyarwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abaririmbyi]] tqkruxzobwlj0xpz5q2gl1qny6pp9qq 14 12781 148365 105850 2026-10-30T09:05:24Z Score Beethoven 11559 148365 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Hidden category}} Ururimi rukoreshwa n'abantu bose [[Category:CS1 foreign language sources|en]] pgfipxs8xbi4r4mgwjxuio1k6c9orxm 0 13611 148368 121316 2026-10-30T09:36:30Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 148368 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Igishanga.jpg|thumb| Ibidukikije bya Gicumbi]] '''umushinga wa Green Gicumbi''', ni umushinga wa leta uzamara imyaka itandatu, watangijwe ku ya 26 Ukwakira 2019 na Guverinoma y’u [[Rwanda]], ubinyujije muri Minisiteri y’ibidukikije n’ikigega cy’ibidukikije cy’u Rwanda (FONERWA) ) hagamijwe kongera ubudahangarwa ku mihindagurikire y'ikirere bimyuze mu baturage bo mu cyaro mu majyaruguru y'u [[Rwanda]] , cyane cyane mu [[Akarere ka Gicumbi|Karere ka Gicumbi]] . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Rwanda to launch major green growth investment to strengthen climate resilience in Gicumbi District |url=https://www.environment.gov.rw/news-detail/rwanda-to-launch-major-green-growth-investment-to-strengthen-climate-resilience-in-gicumbi-district-1 |access-date=2022-03-21 |website=www.environment.gov.rw |language=en-US |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220131003153/https://www.environment.gov.rw/news-detail/rwanda-to-launch-major-green-growth-investment-to-strengthen-climate-resilience-in-gicumbi-district-1 |archive-date=2022-01-31 |url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Fund |first=Green Climate |date=2018-03-01 |title=FP073: Strengthening Climate Resilience of Rural Communities in Northern Rwanda |url=https://www.greenclimate.fund/project/fp073 |access-date=2022-03-21 |website=Green Climate Fund |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-10-27 |title=Rwf30 billion climate resilience project launched in Gicumbi |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/rwf30-billion-climate-resilience-project-launched-gicumbi |access-date=2022-03-21 |website=The New Times {{!}} Rwanda |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Yanditswe na Jean Claude Munyantore |title=Abarimo kubakirwa inzu na Green Gicumbi barishimira ko bagiye kuva muri ntuye nabi |url=https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/abarimo-kubakirwa-inzu-na-green-gicumbi-barishimira-ko-bagiye-kuva-muri-ntuye-nabi |access-date=2022-04-01 |website=Kigali Today |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Dosiye:Mulindi13.jpg|thumb| ikirere cya gicumbi]] == Amavu n'amavuko == Umushinga ugomba gushyirwa mu bikorwa n'ikigega cy'igihugu gishinzwe ibidukikije. Jean Marie Vianney Kagenza ni Umuyobozi wumushinga. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Project Background {{!}} Green Gicumbi |url=http://fonerwa.org/greengicumbi/project-background |access-date=2022-03-21 |website=fonerwa.org |archive-date=2022-04-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220416192944/http://fonerwa.org/greengicumbi/project-background |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-10-27 |title=Rwf30 billion climate resilience project launched in Gicumbi |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/rwf30-billion-climate-resilience-project-launched-gicumbi |access-date=2022-03-21 |website=The New Times {{!}} Rwanda |language=en}}</ref> <ref name="fonerwa">{{Cite web |date=2019-10-24 |title=Green Gicumbi – Strengthening Climate Resilience |url=http://www.fonerwa.org/sites/default/files/2021-06/Green_Climate_Fund_Green_Gicumbi_Information_Note_2019.pdf |access-date=2022-03-21 |archive-date=2021-12-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211207084703/http://fonerwa.org/sites/default/files/2021-06/Green_Climate_Fund_Green_Gicumbi_Information_Note_2019.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-06-16 |title=See 25 photos showing the implementation of the Green Gicumbi project 18 months after its launch {{!}} TOP AFRICA NEWS |url=https://www.topafricanews.com/2021/06/16/see-25-photos-showing-the-implementation-of-the-green-gicumbi-project-18-months-after-its-launch/ |access-date=2022-03-21 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ibigize Umushinga == Minisiteri y’ibidukikije mu [[Rwanda]] ivuga ko umushinga wa Green Gicumbi urimo ibice bikurikira: <ref>{{Cite web |title=Rwanda to launch major green growth investment to strengthen climate resilience in Gicumbi District |url=https://www.environment.gov.rw/news-detail/rwanda-to-launch-major-green-growth-investment-to-strengthen-climate-resilience-in-gicumbi-district-1 |access-date=2022-03-28 |website=www.environment.gov.rw |language=en-US |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220131003153/https://www.environment.gov.rw/news-detail/rwanda-to-launch-major-green-growth-investment-to-strengthen-climate-resilience-in-gicumbi-district-1 |archive-date=2022-01-31 |url-status=dead}}</ref> # Kurinda amazi n’ubuhinzi bwangiza ikirere # Gucunga amashyamba n'ingufu zirambye # imyubakire itangiza ikirere # Guteza imbere ubumenyi == Ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry'umushinga == Muri Mutarama 2022, [[Rwanda|Guverinoma y'u Rwanda]], ibinyujije mu mushinga wa Green Gicumbi, yatangiye kubaka amazu 200 atanga umusanzu mu kurwanya imihindagurikire y’ikirere ahanini ku baturage ba [[Akarere ka Gicumbi|Gicumbi]], abaturage benshi bimuwe bazaba bari mu cyiciro cya mbere n'icya kabiri cy'Ubudehe batuye mu manegeka, ahantu hashobora kwibasirwa cyane. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-01-24 |title='Green Gicumbi' Invests Rwf1.6billion In Model Village |url=https://www.ktpress.rw/2022/01/green-gicumbi-invests-rwf1-6billion-in-model-village/ |access-date=2022-03-21 |website=KT PRESS |language=en-US}}</ref> Umuyobozi w’umushinga yatangaje ko umushinga w’imiturire igezweho uherereye mu mirenge ya Rubaya na Kaniga, ukaba ufatwa nk’umudugudu w’icyitegererezo aho abagenerwabikorwa bazahabwa izindi nkunga nk’[[inka]] ndetse n’umutungo wo kwikenura harimo imirima y’[[imboga]] mu mudugudu, nk'uko byatangajwe n’umuyobozi w’umushinga. <ref name=":0"/> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Yanditswe na Jean Claude Munyantore |title=Abarimo kubakirwa inzu na Green Gicumbi barishimira ko bagiye kuva muri ntuye nabi |url=https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/abarimo-kubakirwa-inzu-na-green-gicumbi-barishimira-ko-bagiye-kuva-muri-ntuye-nabi |access-date=2022-04-01 |website=Kigali Today |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ibisubizo biri kuvamo == * '''Kugenzura isuri yubutaka, bityo byongera umusaruro mbere yuko''' habaho ubutaka bwangijwe nisuri ariko ubu umushinga wa Green Gicumbi ni igisubizo cyo kurwanya isuri no kongera umusaruro nbikozwe 'abahinzi. * '''Imihindagurikire y’ibihe''' ni igice cya gatatu cyumushinga wa Green Gicumbi ni “Imyubakire yita ku kurwanya imihidagurikire y'ikirere”. Kugeza ubu amazu 40 atanga umusanzu ku kurwanya imihindagurikire y’ikirere amaze kubakwa no guturwa n’abagenerwabikorwa benshi batishoboye baturuka mu turere dufite ibyago ibyago byinshi mu murenge wa Rubaya, mu gihe andi mazu 60 arimo kubakwa mu murenge wa Kaniga, akagari ka Mulindi kugira ngo yakire imiryango itishoboye ituye ahantu hashobora kwibasirwa cyane. mu murenge umwe. Kugeza ubu ibikorwa byabo byo kubaka biri kuri 70% kandi biteganijwe ko ibikorwa byubwubatsi bizarangira muri Nyakanga 2023. * '''Gucunga neza amashyamba''' . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Nkurunziza |first=Michel |date=2023-01-30 |title=How Green Gicumbi Project is strengthening climate resilience in vulnerable communities |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/4602/news/featured/how-green-gicumbi-project-is-strengthening-climate-resilience-in-vulnerable-communities |access-date=2023-01-30 |website=The New Times |language=en}}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} 8q95n0drbrmonytj31rt8cd4zhjpuku 0 13708 148332 146265 2026-10-29T20:53:18Z NSHUTIYIMANA Moise 17987 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 148332 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Lightning striking the Eiffel Tower - NOAA.jpg|thumb|Inkuba|265x265px]] [[Dosiye:Thunder light by Fatima.jpg|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Street Light - Thunder Bay, Ontario.jpg|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Thunder Storm (8497618033).jpg|thumb|Thunder Storm]] [[Dosiye:Light of sky thunder.jpg|thumb|Light of sky thunder]] [[Dosiye:Thunder (152794253).jpeg|thumb|Thunder (152794253)]] == Inkuba ni iki == '''Inkuba''' ni ingufu zamashanyarazi zifite wate miriyari,ingufu ziruka kurenza isasu,ingufu zamasharazi zica umuntu wese ihura nawe, ni amashanyarazi ashobora gushongesha urutare.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://umuseke.rw/2023/02/nyanza-inkuba-yakubise-umugabo-bari-kumwogosha/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-16 |archive-date=2023-02-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230216123140/https://umuseke.rw/2023/02/nyanza-inkuba-yakubise-umugabo-bari-kumwogosha/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Bigenda gute == [[Dosiye:Lightning 14.07.2009 20-42-33.JPG|thumb|Umurabyo|148x148px]] inkuba kenshi mu mvura mbere yuko twumva inkuba iturika tubanza kubona umurabyo uza mu ishusho yi [[igiti]] cyangwa umuzi wigiti ufite umuvuduko urenze uwo guhumbya umuvuduko w’ibirometero miriyoni mu isaha cyangwa umuvuduko wibirometero 25/sec umurongo ufite miriyari ya vorute.<ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/rutsiro-inkuba-yishe-umuturage-umwe-undi-arakomereka</ref><ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/51440479</ref> == Ku Muntu == [[Dosiye:Thunder, Khulna.jpg|thumb|166x166px|inkuba]] Iyo ukubiswe ninkuba amashanyarizi akomeye yinjira muri wowe akuzura mu mubiri bitewe nuko mumubiri haba harimo ama aside yo kugirango adufashe kubaho, umubiri uhita wirekura kugirango amashanyari awusohokemo kuko amaraso yose ahurira ku mutima, amashanyarazi yirunda mu mutima ugahagarara ,ahandi hantu inkuba yirukira ni murutirigongo kubera ko [[ubwonko]] bukoresha amashanyarazi kamere kugirango amakuru agere mu mubiri birivanga. Ingaruka ziba nuko ubwonko bwawe budakora neza kuko nkumuntu wakubiswe ni nkuba ushobora kumutuma ikaramu akamara umunota atekereza ikaramu icyo aricyo.<ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/amakuru-60225842</ref><ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/amakuru-36596573</ref> == Inama no Kuyirinda == [[Dosiye:Thunder.jpg|thumb|188x188px|Inkuba]] inama batanga kukwirinda gukubitwa ni inkuba, nubona umurabyo ukanumva ijwi hadashize byibuze amasegonda 10 uzihutire kujya munzu kuko mukirere urimo harimo inkuba nyinshi,munzu aho kwihisha inkuba hagomba kuba Atari kumadirishya. Kwirinda kujya ku mapisine mugihe cyimvura,ukirinda kujya ahantu hejuru nko kubisenge by’amazu,kwirinda kuryama urambaraye kubutaka ahubwo ugasutama ukapfuka amatwi umutwe ukawushyira hagati yamaguru ukawumanura uko ushoboye,niba uri mu ishyamba irinde kwegera ahantu hari igiti kimwe ahubwo ujye mu itsinda ryibita ahagaragara nko mugikombe,ikindi nuko ugomba kuzimya ibikoresho byose bikoresha amashanyarazi.<ref>https://www.rba.co.rw/post/Abantu-273-bahitanywe-nibiza-byinkuba-mu-gihugu-hose-mu-gihe-cyimyaka-5-ishize</ref><ref>https://www.google.com/search?q=inkuba+ni+iki&biw=1366&bih=625&sxsrf=AJOqlzV-36KXOkFEwr83NXQiWIuCx_YXNQ%3A1676549412108&ei=JB3uY_2XBteYkdUPvsCAgAc&ved=0ahUKEwj9uaChgZr9AhVXTKQEHT4gAHAQ4dUDCA4&uact=5&oq=inkuba+ni+iki&gs_lcp=Cgxnd3Mtd2l6LXNlcnAQAzIGCAAQFhAeOgoIABBHENYEELADOg0IABCABBDLARBGEP8BOggIABCABBDLAToHCAAQHhDxBDoLCAAQFhAeEA8Q8QQ6CAgAEBYQHhAKSgQIQRgAULgIWL8UYO8WaAFwAXgAgAH0BYgByBSSAQc0LTMuMS4xmAEAoAEByAEDwAEB&sclient=gws-wiz-serp#fpstate=ive&vld=cid:dd7f4bc2,vid:paJYNMSOMdk</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] 8fu016t1px16mesp8x3y87e0tdwb6u7 0 13793 148347 144795 2026-10-30T02:24:53Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 148347 wikitext text/x-wiki Inkangu yaturutse ku ku musozi waridutse yagwiriye abana babiri Ibi biza bikaba byarabereye mu Mudugudu wa Huye, Akagari ka Nyundo, Umurenge wa Nyundo, Akarere ka Rubavu.kandi nanone Mu murenge wa Kibimbi mu karere ka Nyamasheke inkangu yatewe n’imvura nyinshi yaguye yishe abantu batandatu barimo abana batanu.<ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/nyamasheke-inkangu-yishe-abantu-batanu</ref> [[Dosiye:Gabon_Lambaréné_Brousse_03_20191202.jpg|thumb|Inkangu muri Gabon|164x164px]] [[Dosiye:Landslide_in_Cusco,_Peru_-_2018.jpg|thumb|Inkangu |167x167px]] == Ibyo Wamenya ku Inkangu == Mu turere twa Rubavu na Rutsiro mu mirenge yegereye ishyamba rya Gishwati n’umugezi wa Sebeya mu gihe cy’imvura hakunze kugaragara inkangu zituruka mu misozi itenguka igahitana abantu.<ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/rubavu-inkangu-yahitanye-abana-babiri-hakomeje-gushakishwa-abandi</ref>Abikorera bo mu Karere ka Rutsiro biyemeje gutanga umusanzu mu isanwa ry’ibiraro 57 byasenyutse bigatuma ubuhahirane buhagarara mu mirenge 13 igize aka karere ko mu Ntara y’Iburengerazuba.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/rutsiro-ibiraro-birenga-50-byarasenyutse-bihagaritse-ubuhahirane |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230218153926/https://www.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/rutsiro-ibiraro-birenga-50-byarasenyutse-bihagaritse-ubuhahirane |archive-date=2023-02-18 |url-status=dead}}</ref>Rutsiro ni akarere k’imisozi miremire kagusha imvura nyinshi. Iyi miterere yiyongeraho kuba gafite ubutaka bwinshi bw’igishonyi, bigatuma imvura ihaguye iteza inkangu n’imyuzure bigasenya ibikorwaremezo birimo n’ibiraro.Umucuruzi ukuye ibicuruzwa i Kigali ashaka kubigeza mu murenge wa Manihira bimugora kubera amateme atatu yangiritse.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/rutsiro-ibiraro-birenga-50-byarasenyutse-bihagaritse-ubuhahirane |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230218153926/https://www.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/rutsiro-ibiraro-birenga-50-byarasenyutse-bihagaritse-ubuhahirane |archive-date=2023-02-18 |url-status=dead}}</ref>Kubera ko ari ibiraro by’ibiti bitameze neza toni zirenze 5 ntizemerewe kunyuraho. Barahagera bakabanza bakagabanya bangera hakurya bakongera bagapakira. Hari FUSO iherutse kugwamo ipakiye ifumbire urumva ko uwo mucuruzi yahahombeye. [[Dosiye:Mountain_slide_due_to_severe_flooding_in_Burundi.jpg|thumb|Inkangu Burundi|168x168px]] [[Dosiye:Landslide_in_Burundi_Bujumbura,_Burundi.jpg|thumb|Inkangu |182x182px]] == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] eo1lwees5gsylcz10o4hyjz1vz8iob9 0 14312 148349 106874 2026-10-30T02:44:39Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 148349 wikitext text/x-wiki Mu Rwanda dufite amoko menshi y’inyoni n’ibisiga bikesha imibereho yabyo amazi mu buryo butandukanye. Inyoni zimwe kimwe n’ibisiga bishobora kuba biba mu biti cyangwa imusozi ariko bikazinduka bigiye gushaka mu mazi amafi n’ibindi binyabuzima bibamo kugira ngo bibirye. [[File:Black Crake (Amaurornis flavirostra) (11669063524).jpg|thumb|Inyoni ya Black crake]] Nubwo bimeze bityo ku rundi ruhande dufite inyoni n’ibishuhe biba ku mazi imibereho yabyo yose ku buryo ushaka kubireba nta handi wabisanga. Imwe muri izo nyoni ikesha imibereho yayo yose amazi ni Black crake tugiye kugarukaho uyu munsi. == Imiterere == Black crake iyo ikuze amababa yayo aba yirabura. Ku gice cyo hejuru cy’amababa igurukisha igira ibara rijya gusa n’ikigina. Amaso yayo ni umutuku kandi umunwa wayo ni umuhondo ukeye. Amaguru yayo n’amano biba bisa n’umutuku ariko bishobora kuba atari umutuku mwiza iyo itari mu gihe cyo kororoka. Iyi nyoni ya Black crake ikiri nto iba ifite amababa y’ikijuju, umunwa uba ujya gusa n’icyatsi kibisi. Amaguru n’amano biba ari umutuku udakeye. Ku rwego rw’Isi habarurwa inyoni za Black crake miliyoni, uburebure bwayo bubarirwa hagati ya 19-23cm, uburemere bwayo buri hagati ya 69-118g, uburebure bw’amababa yayo ni 25 cm. == Ahantu Black crake ikunda kuba == [[Dosiye:Black Crake (Amaurornis flavirostra) (11669063524).jpg|thumb]] Iyi nyoni ikunda kuba ahantu hari amazi kandi hakaba hari ibyatsi n’ibiti kuri ayo mazi. Ahantu hari amazi atemba cyangwa adatemba iyi nyoni ishobora kuhaba. Aho twavuga nk’ibishanga, ibyuzi, ibizenga, ahantu hakusanyirizwa amazi akoreshwa mu buhinzi n’ahandi. Ikindi ni uko ahantu hashobora kuza amazi bitewe n’umwuzure w’amazi avuye nko mu migezi. Iyo aho hantu hari nk’urufunzo, umuberanya, ibyatsi n’ibiti bitandukanye byo mu gishanga Black crake ishobora kuhaboneka. Mu Rwanda nk’igihugu kiri munsi y’ubutayu bwa Sahara iyi nyoni irahaboneka. Muri Kigali iyi nyoni ibasha kuboneka ahantu hatandukanye nko mu gishanga gihingwamo umuceri mu Gatsata ahateganye n’amagaraje, i Masaka ku Nyange Industries, Nyarutarama ku cyuzi cyo kwa Nyagahene, akenshi iyo ugenda mu muhanda uva Nyabugogo ugana mu Karere ka Kamonyi ushobora kuzibona mu mirima y’umuceri n’ahandi hatandukanye. == Imirire == Black crake ni indyabyose kuko irya ibiburangoro n’ibinyangoro byo mu mazi. Mu biburangoro harimo iminyorogoto, ibinyamujonjorerwa, udusimba duto n’ibindi. Mu binyangoro ibasha kurya ibikeri, imitubu mito, amafi mato. Black crake kandi ishobora kurya amagi n’ibyana by’ibiyongoyongo n’amasandi. Ikindi irya ni utubuto tw’ibyatsi bimera mu mazi. Akenshi kuko hari inyoni zubaka hejuru y’amazi no mu mpande z’amazi iyo hagize ibyana by’inyoni bihanuka hasi Black crake irabirya. == Imyororokere == Black crake yororoka mu buryo busa n’ubutandukanye n’izindi nyoni kuko hari izigira ibigore byinshi cyangwa se ikigabo kikagira ikigore kimwe ubuzima bwose. Gusa kuri Black crake yo ikigabo kigira ikigore kimwe igihe kimwe cyo kororoka n’uko ubutaha mu kindi gihe ikigabo kigashaka ikindi kigore bityo bityo. Iyi nyoni yubaka icyari mu byatsi biri hejuru y’amazi. Iyo icyari kimaze kuboneka ikigore gitera amagi atatu y’umweru ariho utudomo tw’ikigina. Igihe cyo kurarira amagi ni iminsi 13-19 kandi bigakorwa n’ababyeyi bombi. Imishwi imaze iminsi itatu gusa iba ishobora kuva mu cyari. Ababyeyi bayo n’imishwi bivukana yavutse mbere bikomeza kwita kuri iyo mishwi ikiri mito biyigaburira mu gihe cy’ibyumweru biri hagati ya 3-6. Imishwi imaze ibyumweru 6 iba ishobora kuguruka neza. Iyo imishwi imaze nibura ibyumweru bitatu muri icyo gihe andi magi araterwa no kurarirwa. Muri rusange, mu gihe kimwe Black ishobora gutera amagi no guturaga inshuro 4. == Imibereho yayo iki gihe == Black crake muri Afurika yo munsi y’ubutayu bwa Sahara ziracyagaragara. Mu gihugu cya Malawi na Nigeria izi nyoni abaturage baho barazihiga kugira ngo bazirye cyangwa bazikoreshe mu buvuzi bwabo bwa gakondo. Kuba izi nyoni ziba mu bishanga none muri iki gihe amazi ajya mu bishanga akaba ashobora kuba yanduye ni ukuvugako ibyo birimo kuzigiraho ingaruka nyinshi. Ikindi ni uko amagi ya Black crake n’imishwi biribwa n’inyoni n’ibikururanda bitandukanye. Mu minsi ishize izi nyoni zari zitangiye kugaragara Rwandex ahahoze inganda nyuma y’uko zimuwe ariko kuko abaturage bahigabije bakahahinga byatumye izi nyoni ndetse n’andi moko atandukanye y’inyoni ahitamo kwigendera. Nubwo Black crake ihura n’izo mbogamizi ariko Umuryango Mpuzamahanga wita ku bidukikije uzishyira ku rutonde rw’inyoni zitageramiwe. <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://mobile.igihe.com/ubukerarugendo/pariki-n-amashyamba/article/black-crake-inyoni-ifite-umwihariko-mu-guturaga |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230225202220/http://mobile.igihe.com/ubukerarugendo/pariki-n-amashyamba/article/black-crake-inyoni-ifite-umwihariko-mu-guturaga |archive-date=2023-02-25 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Reba == {{reflist}} 0tzhfofhuoywf0trl0bir2h2y1qsfc7 0 14415 148335 138852 2026-10-29T20:55:08Z NSHUTIYIMANA Moise 17987 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|1 */ 148335 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Amaranthus cruentus Szarłat wiechowaty 2017-10-15 03.jpg|thumb|Imboga rwatsi|428x428px]] [[Dosiye:Lactuca sativa Great Lakes 0zz.jpg|thumb|Lactuca sativa Great Lakes ]] [[Dosiye:Kropsla herfst.jpg|thumb|'''Kropsla herfst''']] [[Dosiye:Lechuga china o wosun (2).jpg|thumb|'''Lechuga''']] [[Dosiye:Kleinmarkthalle Frankfurt Gemüsestand.jpg|thumb|Imboga zitandukanye]] [[Dosiye:Vegetables in Mumbai.jpg|thumb|Ibitunguru]] [[Dosiye:Amaranthus cruentus1.jpg|left|thumb]] Imboga rwatsi ni mboga zose ziri mu itsinda ry’ibimera byitwa ''Amaranth species'' mu cyongereza, zikaba imboga zirimo amoko agera muri 80. Muri yo harimo izo duhinga, iza kimeza ndetse no mu kinyarwanda amazina aratandukanye. Izo mboga twavuga [[imbwija]] nyirizina, dodo, imbogeri, imiriri. Izi mboga kuri ubu ku mafunguro menshi uzisangaho zaba zitetse ukwazo cyangwa zitekanywe n’ibindi byo kurya, Izi mboga ni isoko nziza ya poroteyine, imyunyungugu inyuranye na calcium, potassium, na za vitamini nka vitamini A, C na K. Ibi rero bituma zigirira akamaro kanyuranye ubuzima bwacu.<ref name=":0">https://www.teradignews.rw/menya-akamaro-gakomeye-ko-kurya-imboga-zimbwija/</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |url=https://umutihealth.com/akamaro-ko-kurya-imbwija/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-28 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226161650/https://umutihealth.com/akamaro-ko-kurya-imbwija/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":2">https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/78157/imboga-rwatsi-ngo-ni-iza-mbere-mu-gutanga-intungamubiri-zita-78157.html</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/utuntu-n-utundi/article/dore-impamvu-ukwiye-kurya-imboga-buri-munsi</ref><ref name=":3">https://umuryango.rw/ad-restricted/article/reba-akamaro-gakomeye-utari-uzi-ku-buzima-bwawe-no-ku-ruhu-ko-kurya-imboga-za</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web |url=https://www.urwego.com/2012/02/kurya-imbuto-nimboga-rwatsi-byatuma.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-28 |archive-date=2023-02-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230228085938/https://www.urwego.com/2012/02/kurya-imbuto-nimboga-rwatsi-byatuma.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == akamaro kanyuranye == ==== Imbwija ni isoko ya poroteyine ==== Icyo ni cyo kintu cya mbere wamenya kuri ubu bwoko bw’imboga, kuko ni umwihariko wazo. Poroteyine ni ingenzi mu mikurire yacu, mu ikorwa ry’uturemangingo dushya no mu gusana utwangiritse. Si ibyo gusa kuko poroteyine zinafasha mu mikorere y’umubiri no mu gukora kw’inzungano zinyuranye.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" /> ==== Gusohora uburozi mu mubiri ==== [[Dosiye:Amaranthus polygonoides.jpg|thumb|282x282px|Imboga Rwatsi]] Kimwe na soya, izi mboga zifite muri zo ubushobozi bwo gusohora uburozi mu mubiri bityo bikawurinda kurwara kanseri zinyuranye. Si ibyo gusa kuko binagabanya uric acid bityo bikarinda kurwara indwara zinyuranye zo kubyimba no kuribwa mu ngingo.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> ==== Gukura kw’amagufa ==== Mu mbwija harimo imyunyungugu inyuranye by’umwihariko harimo calcium. Kubona izindi mboga zikize kuri calcium nk’imbwija biragoye. Calcium ifasha mu gutuma amagufa akomera, amenyo agakomera bityo bikakurinda kugaragaza ubusaza burangwa no gukuka amenyo no kumungwa amagufa.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> ==== Igogorwa ==== Imbwija zikize kuri fibre. Fibre zizwiho gufasha igifu mu mikorere yacyo bityo kikabasha gukamura intungamubiri mu byo twariye. Ikindi cyiza ni uko imbwija nta gasukari na gacye kabamo, bituma ntawe utemerewe kuzirya.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> [[Dosiye:Green Leafy Vegetables.jpg|thumb|imboga]] ==== Umutima n’imiyoboro y’amaraso ==== Ziriya fibre tumaze kuvuga zifasha mu kuringaniza igipimo cya cholesterol mu mubiri hasohorwa imbi. Mu mbwija dusangamo kandi vitamini K ifasha mu mikorere myiza y’umutima dore ko ifasha amaraso kuvura iyo ukomeretse. Potasiyumu irimo nayo ifasha mu kurwanya umuvuduko udasanzwe w’amaraso.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> [[Dosiye:Kwikorera mwibase.jpg|thumb|Imbwija nazo ni ubwoko bw'imboga ]] ==== Kubyimbura imiyoboro y’amaraso ==== Ku bantu bamwe cyane cyane abageze mu zabukuru imitsi yabo cyane cyane iyo ku maguru no ku maboko ihora yareze ndetse inaryana. Mu mbwija rero dusangamo ikinyabutabire cyitwa rutin, kikaba kizwiho guhangana n’icyo kibazo. Ndetse no kuba harimo [[vitamini C]] bifasha muri ubu burwayi kuko iyi vitamini ituma hakorwa collagen, ikomeza imitsi y’amaraso.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> ==== Kureba neza ==== Birazwi ko imboga rwatsi hafi ya zose ari isoko nziza ya vitamini A. Iyi vitamini rero tunayisanga mu mbwija aho iboneka ku gipimo gihagije. Iyi vitamini irinda indwara yo guhuma ikunze gufata abashaje kimwe n’abandi igatuma kureba neza nijoro biba ingorabahizi. Kurya imbwija rero bikosora icyo kibazo bikanarinda abo bitarabaho.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> ==== Kurinda umwana uri mu nda ==== Imbwija zirimo kandi vitamini B9 izwi ku izina rya folic acid cyangwa folate. Iyi vitamini ni ingenzi ku mugore utwite kuko irinda umwana uri mu nda kuzavukana ubusembwa cyangwa ubumuga.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> ==== Kurwanya umubyibuho ==== Kuba izi mboga zirimo poroteyine nyinshi bituma kuzirya mbere y’andi mafunguro bitera igihagisha nuko ukaza kurya bicye bityo ibiro ntibyiyongere ahubwo bikaba byagabanyuka.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":5">https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubuzima/urusobe-rw-ubuzima/article/dore-impamvu-imboga-zidakwiye-kubura-ku-ifunguro-ryawe</ref> [[Dosiye:Local market sceneries vegetable leaf.jpg|thumb|imboga]] ==== I'''misatsi mizima''' ==== Niba ushaka kugira imisatsi ikomeye kandi isa neza, imbwija ntizikabure ku meza yawe. Zirimo amino acid itaboneka henshi yitwa lysine kandi umubiri ntubasha kuyikorera, tuyikura mu byo turya gusa. Iyi lysine ituma umubiri winjiza calcium nyinshi bigatuma imizi y’imisatsi ikomera. Birinda kandi uruhara rukunze kuzanwa n’abagabo.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":5" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiti]] [[Ikiciro:Imboga]] [[Ikiciro:Ibimera]] 79kxgtxamfbx04j6gy5g6m2p2wdihy2 0 14582 148324 145206 2026-10-29T19:22:24Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 148324 wikitext text/x-wiki 'Abaturage n'ibidukikije', ni ishami ry'ubushakashatsi riga isano iri hagati y'imiterere n'ibidukikije. Ryibanda ku buryo ubwiyongere bw'abaturage, ikwirakwira ryabo, iyimuka ry[[Abaturage Ubuzima n’Imiturire|'abaturage]], imiturire n'ibikorwa by'ubukungu bigira [[Ingaruka ry'ihindagurika ry'ibihe kubuzima bwa muntu.|ingaruka]] ku mutungo kamere n'ibidukikije, ndetse n'uko impinduka z'[[ibidukikije]] zigira [[Ingaruka Zitabi|ingaruka]] ku mibereho n[[Iterambere|'iterambere]] ry'[[Abaturage Ubuzima n’Imiturire|abaturage]].[https://www.rfa.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/RFA/Publications/6.OTHERS/Gahunda_yo_kubungabunga_ibidukikije_n_imibereho_myiza__ESMF_.pdf] == Amavu n'amavuko == Ubushakashatsi ku isano iri hagati y'abaturage n'ibidukikije bwatangiye kwitabwaho cyane mu kinyejana cya makumyabiri, cyane cyane nyuma y'ubwiyongere bw'abaturage ku rwego rw'isi ndetse n'ingaruka zabwo ku mashyamba, ubutaka, amazi n'ikirere.[https://www.rfa.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/RFA/Publications/6.OTHERS/Gahunda_yo_kubungabunga_ibidukikije_n_imibereho_myiza__ESMF_.pdf] Umuryango w'Abibumbye (UN) watangiye gushyira imbere iyi ngingo mu nama n'inyandiko zitandukanye zigamije guteza imbere iterambere rirambye.[https://web.archive.org/web/20260721223039/https://www.igihe.com/ibidukikije/ibungabunga/abaturage-baturiye-pariki-y-ibirunga-bakomeje-guhugurirwa-gutubura-imugano] [[Dosiye:Ibidukikije n.jpg|thumb|Ibidukikije.]] == Abanditsi bashize == Abantu bakurikira babaye umwanditsi mukuru: * 2007-2017 Lori Hunter ( Kaminuza ya Colorado Boulder ) * 2004-2007 Landis MacKellar ( Ikigo cya Vienne Institute of Demography ) * 1999-2004 Kevin MacDonald ( Kaminuza ya Leta ya Californiya, Long Beach ) * 1988-1999 Virginia Abernethy ( Kaminuza ya Vanderbilt ) * 1984-1988 Burton Mindick ( Kaminuza ya Cornell ) na Ralph Taylor ( Kaminuza ya Johns Hopkins ) * 1977-1984 Vaida D. Thompson ( Kaminuza ya Carolina y'Amajyaruguru, Umusozi wa Chapel ) == Reba == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * Official website {{population|state=collapsed}} iuyo6etwabzzk296ien34qodlz2zcej 0 14588 148352 145311 2026-10-30T03:52:48Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 148352 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kamonyi WFC''' (kamonyi Women Football Club)  ikipe yashizwe kandi irebererwa na [[Akarere ka Kamonyi|karere ka kamonyi]] ni ikipe y’umupira wa maguru waba bigize umwuga. Ni ikipe igaragaramo [[Umugore|abagore]] n’abakobwa mugukina shampiyona y’igihugu I tegurwa na [[FERWAFA]], [[Ishyirahamwe ry’Umupira w’Amaguru mu Rwanda|Ishyirahamwe ry’umupira w’amaguru mu Rwanda]] ndetse n’igikombe cy’amahoro cy’igihugu. Kamonyi WFC yakinnye mu shampiyona y’icyiciro cy’akabiri mu [[Rwanda]], irazamuka ubu ikaba iri mu cyiciro cya mbere cya shampiyona mu mupira w’amaguru mu bari na [[Umugore|bategarugori]].<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/football/article/as-kigali-y-abagore-yisubije-igikombe-cy-amahoro-inyagiye-kamonyi</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://umuseke.rw/2022/05/igikombe-cyamahoro-cyabagore-as-kigali-na-kamonyi-zitwaye-neza/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-02 |archive-date=2023-03-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230302154052/https://umuseke.rw/2022/05/igikombe-cyamahoro-cyabagore-as-kigali-na-kamonyi-zitwaye-neza/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://umuseke.rw/2022/06/amafoto-as-kigali-yabagore-yisubije-igikombe-cyamahoro/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-02 |archive-date=2023-03-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230302154053/https://umuseke.rw/2022/06/amafoto-as-kigali-yabagore-yisubije-igikombe-cyamahoro/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://rwanda-football.com/as-kigali-yabagore-yisubije-igikombe-cyamahoro/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220701062441/https://rwanda-football.com/as-kigali-yabagore-yisubije-igikombe-cyamahoro/ |archive-date=2022-07-01 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/91361/women-football-ikipe-izatwara-igikombe-cya-shampiyona-izahabwa-arenga-3000000-frw-91361.html</ref><ref>https://www.rwandamagazine.com/imikino/article/nyirahafashimana-yafashije-scandivia-wfc-kunyagira-inyemera-amafoto</ref><ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/88672/women-football-ikipe-yigihugu-mu-myiteguro-ya-nyuma-mbere-yo-kwakira-dr-congo-amafoto-88672.html</ref><ref>https://rushyashya.net/abakinnyi-39-bikipe-yigihugu-yu-rwanda-yabagore-bari-munsi-yimyaka-20-yatangiye-umwiherero-mu-rwego-rwo-guhatanira-itike-yigikombe-cyisi-cya-2022/</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://yegob.rw/kapiteni-wikipe-yabagore-ya-kamonyi-yavugishije-abantu-amagambo-menshi-amafoto/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-02 |archive-date=2023-03-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230302154053/https://yegob.rw/kapiteni-wikipe-yabagore-ya-kamonyi-yavugishije-abantu-amagambo-menshi-amafoto/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amarushanwa == Kamonyi WFC ( kamonyi Women Football Club ) yagiye yitabira amarushanwa menshi kandi agiye atandukanye, twavuga [[Igikombe cy’Amahoro|igikombe cy'amahoro]] ndetse n'igikombe cya shampiyona haba ari mu cy'iciro cya mbere cyangwa icyiciro cy'akabili, aha twavigako iherutse gukina na ikipe ya [[Rayon Sports Women Football Club|rayon sports women football club]] hari mugikombe cy'amahoro, bari gukina imikino yo muri 1/8 cy'irangiza muri icy gikombe.<ref>https://rwandamagazine.com/imikino/article/peace-cup-rayon-sports-wfc-yatomboye-kamonyi-wfc-uko-tombola-yagenze</ref> == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Siporo]] [[Ikiciro:Ikipe ya bagore]] {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Umukino w'abagore]] r7xwy1as5itv56fwq9nnsteplmpeikp 0 14592 148346 137629 2026-10-30T01:58:25Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 148346 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Team éperviers.jpg|thumb|Ikipe]] [[Dosiye:Match de VolleyBall.jpg|thumb|ikipe]] '''Ikipe''' y’umupira w’amaguru ni uruganda,ikipe igizwe n’inzego zitandukanye zuzuzanya, hazamo gukorana neza kandi kinyamwuga kuri buri mukozi uri muri izo nzego harimo abayobozi, abatoza, abakinnyi, abashinzwe umutungo, abategura amafunguro y’abakinnyi, abakora isuku, abashinzwe umutekano, abashoferi niwo musaruro mubona mu kibuga no hanze yacyo mu makipe akomeye.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://www.rwandamagazine.com/imikino/article/ni-iki-kibura-kugira-ngo-amakipe-yo-mu-rwanda-abe-ay-ubucuruzi |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230302164443/https://www.rwandamagazine.com/imikino/article/ni-iki-kibura-kugira-ngo-amakipe-yo-mu-rwanda-abe-ay-ubucuruzi |archive-date=2023-03-02 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/imikino-60277032</ref><ref>https://yegob.rw/ni-iki-kiri-mu-biganiro-byahuje-perezida-wa-ferwafa-numuyobozi-wikipe-ikomeye-mu-budage/</ref> === inzego za ikipe === Peresida wa ikipe hagakurikiraho Inama y'ubutegetsi hagakurikiraho Ushinzwe ikipe ( CEO ) hakaza abashizwe umutungo, abashizwe ibya tekinike, abashizwe abakozi, abashizwe kumenyekanisha ibikorwa n;ubucuruzi.<ref name=":0" /><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/amagare/article/muhoza-eric-yungutse-iki-nk-umunyarwanda-wahize-abandi-muri-tour-du-rwanda</ref><ref>https://www.isimbi.rw/siporo/article/apr-fc-ni-ikipe-nk-izindi-perezida-wa-rayon-sports</ref> '''Inyungu za ikipe''' Amafaranga ikipe ibona aturuka ahantu hatandukanye, haba abaterankunga, haba amafaranga ava ku bibuga, kugurisha uburenganzira bwo kwerekana amashusho y’ikipe kuri television, kugurisha bimwe mubice bigize stade ku bafatanyabikorwa, kugurisha abakinnyi ahandi, umusanzu w’abafa ni nkunga.<ref name=":0" /><ref>https://www.rba.co.rw/post/Imikino-yigikombe-cyIsi-isigiye-iki-ibihugu-mu-gutegura-abakinnyi</ref><ref>http://www.isimbi.rw/siporo/article/exclusive-umwana-nareze-njyenyine-ni-yo-yagira-ikibazo-bikurebaho-iki-ntawantegeka-uko-nkora-ibintu-haruna-niyonzima-wahishuye-byinshi</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Siporo]] [[Ikiciro:Umuyobozi muri Siporo]] 34a1ebc5wpawc21i3fm0l3qs5jdgra8 0 15280 148357 145991 2026-10-30T07:04:20Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 148357 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Rose Hart''' (wavutse ku ya 9 Mutarama 1942) ni umukinnyi wabigize umwuga mu bagore wasezeye ari mu kiruhuko cyiza ukomoka muri [[Gana]] . Yari inzobere mu kugenda, gusiganwa ku maguru no gutera umuhunda mu gihe cye. <ref>https://hoopshype.com/lists/knicks-rumors-josh-hart-rj-barrett-derrick-rose-immanuel-quickley-tom-thibodeau/</ref><ref>https://www.yardbarker.com/nba/articles/report_josh_hart_expected_to_decline_13_million_player_option_and_re_sign_with_knicks/s1_15032_38557811</ref><ref>https://dailyknicks.com/2023/03/09/nba-rumors-latest-knicks-report-insight-josh-hart-immanuel-quickley-future/</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.beverlyreview.net/sports/article_e5181126-bd23-11ed-91b8-bbe0218fa610.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230316094307/https://www.beverlyreview.net/sports/article_e5181126-bd23-11ed-91b8-bbe0218fa610.html |archive-date=2023-03-16 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>https://www.hoopsrumors.com/2023/02/knicks-notes-rose-brunson-hart-grimes.html</ref><ref>https://wegotthiscovered.com/movies/a-quickly-forgotten-kevin-hart-comedy-has-climbed-to-the-top-of-the-streaming-charts/</ref> Hart yaserukiye Gana mu mikino Olempike yo mu 1964 . Yatsinze inshuro ebyiri umudari wa zahabu,ahagarariye igihugu cye kavukire cya Afurika y'Iburengerazuba mu mikino ya Afurika muri 1965 na 1973. <ref>https://www.summitdaily.com/news/summit-county-births-for-february-2023/</ref><ref>https://www.edinburghnews.scotsman.com/read-this/love-island-star-amy-hart-gives-birth-to-first-child-with-boyfriend-sam-rason-and-shares-the-cutest-snaps-4054785</ref><ref>https://www.si.com/nba/lakers/news/knicks-could-have-a-perfect-free-agent-for-la-ak1987</ref><ref>https://www.modernghana.com/sports/1217939/objective-of-asafa-powells-visit-to-ghana-was.html</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20200418113356/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/ha/rose-hart-1.html siporo] [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa Gana]] 9xkiej1hqql6a50ozyuhngywiq22a20 0 16100 148329 147984 2026-10-29T20:52:04Z NSHUTIYIMANA Moise 17987 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 148329 wikitext text/x-wiki Mu Rwanda muri rusange hari ubuvumo burenga 50, i Musanze honyine hari 12 bufitanye isano n’uruhererekane rw’ibisozi binini cyane byitwa [[Ibirunga byu Rwanda|Ibirunga]]. Aha hamaze kuba agace k’ubukerarugendo bunogeye ijisho ku banyamahanga ndetse n’abanyarwanda bagenda batahura ibyiza bitatse igihugu cyabo.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://ar.umuseke.rw/interamatsiko-wari-wasura-ubuvumo-bwo-munsi-yibirunga.hmtl |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-04-07 |archive-date=2023-04-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407134900/https://ar.umuseke.rw/interamatsiko-wari-wasura-ubuvumo-bwo-munsi-yibirunga.hmtl |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[File:Abakora umwuga wo gutwara ba mukerarugendo , ubuvumo bwa Musanze ni umwimerere.jpg|thumb|Ubuvumo bwa Musanze]] == Imiterere == Ubu buvumo bufite uburebure hafi kilometero ebyiri,ubujyakuzimu bwa metero10 na 40, n’ubugari bwa metero 3 kugeza kuri metero 10.<ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/ubukerarugendo/ahantu-nyaburanga/article/minadef-na-rdb-batashye-ubuvumo</ref> Ubumenyi bw’isi ariko bugaragaza ko ubu buvumo bukomoka ku iruka ry’ibirunga biri hejuru yabwo ryabayeho mu myaka ibihumbi byinshi ishize, aho ibikoma (magma) biva mu birunga aribyo byagiye byuma bigasigaramo ibyanya munsi ari nabyo byavuyemo ubu buvumo. Mu mateka ya vuba aha hantu habaye ubwihisho bw’abateraga u Rwanda bavuye muri Congo [[Kinshasa]] bita abacengezi, gusa intambara yo kubarwanya irangira bayitsinzwe ndetse benshi babugwamo.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubukerarugendo/ahantu/Ingabo-z-u-Rwanda-zashyikirije-RDB-ubuvumo-bwa-Musanze-ku-mugaragaro</ref> == Ibindi == Ubu buvumo buratangaje cyane kuko hari n’ibice byabwo bikomeza bikagera no muri Congo Kinshasa, igihande cy’i Musanze na Kinigi kiratunganyije cyane, harimo urumuri ruhagije n’umutekano usesuye, ni ahantu heza ho gusura kuri buri munyarwanda wifuza kubona ibyiza by’igihugu cye kuri kiriya giciro.<ref name=":0" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} nt5zpgsltervpn943llckf8klocyepi 0 16105 148350 146980 2026-10-30T02:46:17Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 148350 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Woodcock earthworm.jpg|thumb|Inyoni ya Woodcock irimo kurya umunyorogoto.]] Hariho ubwoko bw’inyoni zimuka imigabane cyangwa se ahandi hantu ziba zisanzwe zituye kubera impamvu zitandukanye, mu ngendo zazo ariko zigenda zihagararara kugira ngo ziruhuke, nyamara inyoni zitwa bécasses (mu Gifaransa) cyangwa woodcock (mu Cyongereza) ziruka ahantu hangana kuriya nta kuruhuka ndetse zinagendera ku butumburuke buri hejuru cyane, ahantu hataba umuyaga.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://mobile.igihe.com/ibidukikije/inyamaswa/article/hari-inyoni-yambukiranya-imigabane |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-04-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407145258/https://mobile.igihe.com/ibidukikije/inyamaswa/article/hari-inyoni-yambukiranya-imigabane |archive-date=2023-04-07 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Imiterere == Iyi nyoni ya woodcock ibasha kuguruka ahantu hareshya n’ibilometero ibihumbi 4 na metero 620 mu gihe kingana n’iminsi ibiri gusa, mu gihe zagurutse ahantu hareshya n’ibilometero 7153 mu minsi itatu n’igice. <ref name=":0" /> == Ibindi == Izi nyoni zitura muri Afurika y’Epfo mu gihe umugabane w’u Burayi uri mu bihe by’ubukonje, zikongera kwimuka zihagaruka mu gihe impeshyi igeze, zigatura mu Burayi bw’Uburasirazuba.<ref name=":0" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} 0hc17u4uqf7rodlwramre4lq9lln5lv 0 16868 148358 146094 2026-10-30T07:19:15Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 148358 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Diane Shima Rwigara''' ni [[Rwanda|umucuruzi]], akaba rwiyemezamirimo n’umucungamari wabaye umukandida wigenga mu matora y’umukuru w’i gihugu ya Rwanda 2017. Rwigara yashinjwaga ku ya 23 Nzeri 2017, ari kumwe na nyina ndetse n'abandi baregwana bane, kuba yarateje imvururu mu bindi birego, <ref name="amnesty">{{Cite web |date=22 May 2018 |title=Rwanda: Fair trial must be guaranteed for former presidential hopeful |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2018/05/rwanda-fair-trial-must-be-guaranteed-for-former-presidential-hopeful/ |access-date=25 August 2018}}</ref> ariko agirwa umwere hamwe na nyina ku ya 6 Ukuboza 2018. [[Dosiye:Diane_Shima_Rwigara.jpg|thumb|right|Diane Shima Rwigara]] == Ubuzima bwo hambere == Diane Rwigara yavukiye i [[Kigali]] muri 1982 avukira mu muryango [[Abatutsi|w'abatutsi]] kandi afite barumuna be batatu. <ref name="whois">{{Cite web |last=Lepapa |first=Naipanoi |date=14 May 2017 |title=Who is Diane Rwigara, Rwanda's First Female Independent Presidential Candidate |url=https://www.africanexponent.com/post/8365-we-are-in-the-thick-of-revolution-in-africa |access-date=2 June 2017 |website=The African Exponent |archive-date=8 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171008133222/https://www.africanexponent.com/post/8365-we-are-in-the-thick-of-revolution-in-africa |url-status=dead }}</ref> Se, ni Assinapol Rwigara, umunyenganda akaba n’umunyemari ukomeye w’umuryango [[Ishyaka FPR-Inkotanyi|w’igihugu ukunda igihugu cya Rwanda]], yaguye mu mpanuka y’imodoka ku ya 4 Gashyantare 2015 i Gacuriro, muri Kigali. Umuryango wemeza ko impanuka yatewe na politiki. <ref name="whois" /> <ref name="business">{{Cite web |last=Babatunde |first=Mark |date=5 May 2017 |title=35-Year-Old Businesswoman Diane Rwigara To Challenge Kagame in Rwandan Presidential Elections |url=https://face2faceafrica.com/article/diane-rwigara |access-date=2 June 2017 |website=Face 2 Face Africa}}</ref> Polisi yavuze ko yahise yicwa ubwo imodoka y'aMercedez-Benz yari atwaye yari igonganye n'ikamyo iremereye. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Family of deceased tycoon Assinapol Rwigara petitions President Kagame |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/rwanda/News/Family-of-deceased-tycoon-Rwigara-petitions-President-Kagame/1433218-2653598-myixcwz/index.html |access-date=4 March 2015 |publisher=The East African}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=The curious case of the death of Mr Assinapol Rwigara |url=http://www.therwandan.com/the-curious-case-of-the-death-of-mr-assinapol-rwigara-rip/ |access-date=5 October 2018 |publisher=The Rwandan |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181006000206/http://www.therwandan.com/the-curious-case-of-the-death-of-mr-assinapol-rwigara-rip/ |archive-date=6 October 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Dosiye:Diane_Rwigara.png|thumb|right|Diane RWIGARA]] Rwigara ni umucungamari watojwe. <ref name="business"/> Yakunze kuvuga nabi imiyoborere y’igihugu iyoborwa na [[Perezida wa Repubulika y’u Rwanda|Perezida]] [[Paul Kagame]] <ref name="backing">{{Cite web |last=Okey-Nwosu |first=Muna |date=9 May 2017 |title=Rwandese Presidential Candidate Diane Shima Rwigara isn't Backing Out Despite Leaked Nude Photos |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2017/05/rwandese-presidential-candidate-diane-shima-rwigara-isnt-backing-despite-leaked-nude-photos/ |access-date=2 June 2017 |website=Bella Naija}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Runsewe |first=Oreoluwa |date=9 May 2017 |title=Young, Single And Independent: The Obstacles Facing Rwanda's Potential First Female President |url=http://venturesafrica.com/young-single-and-independent-the-obstacles-facing-rwandas-potential-first-female-president/ |access-date=2 June 2017 |website=Ventures Africa}}</ref> hamwe ndetse n’akarengane n’agahato. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Finn |first=Brandon |date=27 April 2017 |title=Op-Ed: Activism and Rwanda's Development Model – Diane Rwigara takes a stand |url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2017-04-27-op-ed-activism-and-rwandas-development-model-diane-rwigara-takes-a-stand/#.WTDjcMbL2NY |access-date=2 June 2017 |website=Daily Maverick}}</ref> Ku ya 3 Gicurasi 2017, Rwigara yatangaje ko yifuza kwitabira amatora ya perezida. Nyuma y'amasaha 72, amafoto ye yambaye ubusa yashyizwe ahagaragara m'uburyo bugaragara bwo kumukoza isoni no kumutera ubwoba. <ref name="backing"/> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Babtunde |first=Mark |date=10 May 2017 |title=Nude Photos of Rwandan Presidential Candidate Surface Online |url=https://face2faceafrica.com/article/diane-rwigara-photos |access-date=2 June 2017 |website=Face 2 Face Africa |archive-date=5 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170805015555/https://face2faceafrica.com/article/diane-rwigara-photos |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yashimangiye ko afite intego yo kwiyamamaza, yiyemeza kwiyamamaza mu rwego rwo guca burundu ubukene, gushyiraho ubwishingizi bw’ubuzima ku isi hose no guharanira ubwisanzure. <ref name="business"/> Ku 7 Nyakanga 2017, Komisiyo y’igihugu ishinzwe amatora yabwiye ko ataziyamamaza Rwigara mu matora ku mpamvu za tekiniki, <ref name="guardian">{{Cite web |last=Gardner |first=Tom |date=4 August 2017 |title='Rwanda is like a pretty girl with a lot of makeup, but the inside is dark and dirty' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2017/aug/04/rwanda-pretty-girl-makeup-inside-dark-and-dirty-diane-rwigara-paul-kagame-election |access-date=30 August 2017 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> avuga ko yakoresheje imikono mpimbano mu ipiganwa rye rya perezida <ref name="AP">{{Cite web |last=Ssuuna |first=Ignatius |date=30 August 2017 |title=Former Rwandan Presidential Candidate Accused of Forgery |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-08-30/former-rwanda-presidential-candidate-accused-of-forgery |access-date=30 August 2017 |website=Bloomberg Politics |publisher=Associated Press}}</ref> kandi ko yatanze imikono 572 yemewe aho kuba 600 isabwa. Rwigara yavuze ko yatanze imikono y'abamusinyiye bagera 958, hiyongeraho 120 nyuma yuko bamwe batemerewe. <ref>{{Cite web |date=8 July 2017 |title=Rwanda disqualifies only female presidential candidate |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-rwanda-election-idUSKBN19S2L6 |access-date=30 August 2017 |website=Reuters}}</ref> Abandi bakandida babiri na bo ntibemerewe, bituma Amnesty International ivuga ko ayo matora azabera mu bihe by'ubwoba no gukandamizwa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=7 July 2017 |title=Three Rwandan Presidential Candidates Disqualified Amid Criticism |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/three-rwandan-presidential-candidates-disqualified/3933118.html |access-date=30 August 2017 |website=VOA News |publisher=Associated Press}}</ref> Iki cyemezo kandi cyanenzwe na Minisiteri y’ububanyi n’amahanga y'Amerika n’ubumwe [[Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’Ibihugu by’i Burayi|bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi]]. <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 August 2017 |title=Police Investigating Critic Of Rwandan President For Forgery |url=https://www.pmnewsnigeria.com/2017/08/30/police-investigating-critic-rwandan-president-forgery/ |access-date=30 August 2017 |website=PM News Nigeria}}</ref> <ref name="critic">{{Cite web |date=30 August 2017 |title=Critic of Rwandan President Investigated for Forgery |url=https://www.nytimes.com/reuters/2017/08/30/world/africa/30reuters-rwanda-opposition.html |access-date=30 August 2017 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> Kagame yatsinze amatora yo ku ya 4 Kanama n'amajwi 98%. <ref name="AP" /> Rwigara yatangije umutwe w'abaharanira inyungu witwa Agakiza ka Rubanda kugira ngo uhangane n'ubutegetsi ku gitabo cy’uburenganzira bwa muntu, avuga ko inteko ishinga amategeko y'igihugu itarenze kashe. <ref name="guardian" /> <ref name="fake">{{Cite web |last=Busari |first=Stephani |last2=idowu |first2=Torea |date=5 August 2017 |title=Fake nude photos were used to 'silence me', disqualified Rwandan candidate says |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2017/08/04/africa/rwanda-election-nude-photos-candidate/index.html |access-date=30 August 2017 |publisher=CNN}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Akwei |first=ismail |date=15 July 2017 |title=Disqualified Rwandan presidential aspirant forms anti-Kagame movement |url=http://www.africanews.com/2017/07/15/disqualified-rwandan-aspirant-forms-anti-kagame-movement// |website=Africa News |access-date=9 June 2023 |archive-date=7 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231207060256/https://www.africanews.com/2017/07/15/disqualified-rwandan-aspirant-forms-anti-kagame-movement/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Umuryango uharanira agakiza ka rubanda nk'uko Rwigara abitangaza, ngo azakomeza imirimo ye yo gukangurira Abanyarwanda uburenganzira bwabo no kunenga politiki n'ibikorwa [[Ishyaka FPR-Inkotanyi|by'ishyaka riri ku butegetsi rishinzwe gukunda igihugu]] (FPR). <ref>(14 July 2017 Friday). Diane Rwigara now launches rights movement. ''The East African.'' Retrieved from Nexis Uni.</ref> Ku ya 7 Kamena 2024, Komisiyo y’igihugu ishinzwe amatora (NEC) yanze kandidatire ya Diane Rwigara mu matora y’umukuru w’igihugu ya 2024.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/article/2024/jun/07/rwanda-opposition-leader-diane-rwigara-barred-from-standing-against-president|title=Rwanda opposition leader barred from standing against president|work=The Guardian|date=07 June 2024|first=|last=}}</ref> === Ifatwa === Ku ya 30 Kanama 2017, inzu ya Rwigara yagabweho igitero, abapolisi bavuga ko arimo gukorwaho iperereza ku mpimbano no kunyereza imisoro. <ref name="AP"/> Umuryango wa Rwigara wavuze ko yabuze, bavuga ko abantu bitwaje imbunda bitazwi bambaye imyenda ya gisivili bamufatanye imbunda mu gihe inzu yashakishwaga, ariko abapolisi bahakana ko yatawe muri yombi. <ref name="critic"/> Ibinyamakuru byinshi byatangaje muri Nzeri 2017 ko Rwigara atarashobora kuboneka kandi umuryango we wakomeje kuvuga ko yabuze. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Alfa Shaban |first=Abdur Rahman |date=30 August 2017 |title=Rwanda police must produce 'missing' female critic of Kagame |url=http://www.africanews.com/2017/08/31/rwanda-police-must-produce-missing-female-critic-of-kagame/ |access-date=1 September 2017 |website=Africanews}}</ref> Leon Orsmond, umuhanzi wo mugihugu cya Afurika y'Epfo w'amamaza udushya, wafashije Rwigara mu gikorwa cyo kwamamaza imbuga nkoranyambaga na we yabuze mu Rwanda kuva mu Gashyantare 2018. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Du Plessis |first=Carien |date=27 July 2018 |title=Five months later, South African still missing in Rwanda |url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2018-07-27-five-months-later-south-african-still-missing-in-rwanda/ |access-date=25 August 2018 |website=Daily Maverick}}</ref> Mbere yo kubura, Orsmond ntiyigeze ahisha ko adakunda leta ya Kagame. Muri Kamena 2018, [[Ikigo cy'u Rwanda gishinzwe Imisoro n'Amahoro|ikigo cy’imisoro n’u Rwanda]] cyagurishije imashini ziba mu bucuruzi bw’itabi ry’umuryango ku madolari agera kuri miliyoni 2 mu rwego rwo kugaruza ibyo bavugaga ko ari miliyoni 7 z’ibirarane by’imisoro. <ref name="auction">{{Cite web |date=18 June 2018 |title=Diane Rwigara: Rwandan politician's assets auctioned - BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-44521197 |access-date=25 August 2018 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Cyamunara yabanje kugurisha umutungo w'ubucuruzi bwumuryango wa Rwigara, itabi ryatunganijwe, ryinjije amafaranga arenga miliyoni 500 yu Rwanda. <ref name="auction" /> ikigo Amnesty International yahamagariye ubucamanza bwu Rwanda kureba niba urubanza rutabaye ubundi buryo bwo gutoteza abanenga guverinoma. <ref name="amnesty"/> Muri Kanama 2018, habayeho #FreeDianeRwigara yakoreshwaga nabanya kenya kurubuga rwa Twitter bahamagarira Kagame kurekura Rwigara. Ibi bibaye nyuma y'iminsi mike abakoresha Twitter muri [[Kenya]] babigiriye nk’umudepite wa [[Ubugande|Uganda]],nyuma Robert Kyagulanyi, uzwi cyane ku izina rya Bobby Wine. <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 August 2018 |title=#FREEBOBBYWINE: KENYANS NOW TURN GUNS ON STRONGMAN KAGAME |url=https://nairobinews.nation.co.ke/news/freebobbywine-kenyans-now-turn-guns-strongman-kagame/ |access-date=25 August 2018 |website=nairobi news}}</ref> Ku ya 5 Ukwakira 2018, urukiko rwategetse ko Rwigara na nyina Adeline Rwigara barekurwa by'agateganyo; <ref>{{Cite web |title=Rwandan opposition activist Diane Rwigara released on bail |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2018/10/rwanda-opposition-activist-diane-rwigara-released-bail-181005174901472.html |access-date=2018-10-07 |website=www.aljazeera.com}}</ref> ibi bibaye nyuma y'ibyumweru bike nyuma yo gufungurwa hakiri kare abakatiwe 2140, barimo Victoire Ingabire na [[Kizito Mihigo]]. Nyuma y’umwaka urenga muri gereza, Urukiko Rukuru rw’u Rwanda rwarekuye Rwigara na nyina Adeline ingwate. Basabwe kutava mu murwa mukuru, Kigali, nta ruhushya, kandi urubanza rwabo ruzakomeza. <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 October 2018 |title=Rwanda: Is Rwanda's Political Thaw Real? |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201810160537.html |access-date=26 October 2018 |website=allAfrica.com}}</ref> Abasenateri benshi bo muri Amerika barimo Dick Durbin, Ann Wagner, Patrick Leahy na Barbara Lee, ndetse n'abagize komisiyo ishinzwe uburenganzira bwa muntu muri kongere ya Tom Lantos bahamagariye guverinoma y'u Rwanda kureka ibyo birego kuko ari ukurenga ku bwisanzure mu gutanga ibitekerezo. <ref name="US">{{Cite web |date=2 December 2018 |title=Rwanda tells US to keep off Rwigara trial |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/news/ea/Rwanda-tells-US-to-keep-off-Rwigara-trial/4552908-4877302-1877y9z/index.html |access-date=4 May 2019 |website=The East African}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 November 2018 |title=Rwandan Dissident Draws US Congressional Support |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/rwandan-dissident-draws-us-congressional-support/4678705.html |access-date=4 May 2019 |website=VOA News}}</ref> Abayobozi b'u Rwanda bashinje abanyapolitiki bo muri Amerika kwivanga mu manza zabo. <ref name="US" /> === Kwemererwa === Ku ya 6 Ukuboza 2018, inteko y'abacamanza batatu b'urukiko rukuru rw'u Rwanda yagizwe umwere Rwigara hamwe na nyina, basanga ibyo baregwa byose bidafite ishingiro. Urukiko rwasanze Rwigara yarakoresheje uburenganzira bwe bwo kuvuga mu kunegura Perezida kandi ko atateje urugomo. Nyina yagizwe umwere kubera guteza imbere amacakubiri, amacakubiri ashingiye ku moko no gukurura urugomo. <ref name="free">{{Cite web |last=Mugisha |first=Ivan R. |date=8 December 2018 |title=Free at last, Rwigara vows to continue fight |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/news/ea/Free-at-last-Rwigara-vows-to-continue-fight/4552908-4886668-cwybgo/index.html |access-date=4 May 2019 |website=The East African}}</ref> Rwigara yagejeje ijambo ku bitangazamakuru biri mu cyumba cy'urukiko, agira ati: Nizeye ko ibi bivuze ko ibitotezo njye n'umuryango wanjye twahuye nabyo byarangiye kandi ko mfite umudendezo wo kuvuga icyo ntekereza. Nicyo nzakomeza kurwanira mu gihugu hose. <ref name="free" /> Icyemezo cy'urukiko cyakiriwe neza na Amnesty International, yahamagariye guverinoma y'u Rwanda gukora "hagamijwe guteza imbere ubworoherane no kwemera ibindi bitekerezo kandi binenga." <ref name="free" /> Ubujurire bw'Ubushinjacyaha ku rwego rw'igihugu bwatanze ubujurire bwo ku ya 27 Ukuboza. <ref name="drop">{{Cite web |last=Mugisha |first=Ivan R. |date=9 January 2019 |title=Rwigara welcomes decision to drop appeal, vows to continue with her rights crusade |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/news/ea/Rwigara-welcomes-decision-to-drop-appeal/4552908-4927390-v8tuu3z/index.html |access-date=4 May 2019 |website=The East African}}</ref> Ku ya 9 Mutarama 2019, urwego rw’ubushinjacyaha rwa Kagame, rumaze guhabwa amabwiriza na minisiteri y’ubutabera, rwanze ubujurire bwarwo bwo kuba abere. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Himbara |first=David |date=9 January 2019 |title=Diane Rwigara, Adeline Rwigara, And The Bible Humbled Kagame |url=http://www.therwandan.com/diane-rwigara-adeline-rwigara-and-the-bible-humbled-kagame/ |access-date=4 May 2019 |website=The Rwandan}}</ref> Rwigara yishimiye iki cyemezo, avuga ko "azakomeza guharanira ubwisanzure mu gutanga ibitekerezo n'uburenganzira bwa muntu mu Rwanda." <ref name="drop" /> == Reba == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwiyemezamirimo]] [[Ikiciro:Umugore]] [[Ikiciro:Pages with unreviewed translations]] qa1chnc0ejahykiytbxf9j4ztitv0t8 0 18034 148337 122297 2026-10-29T21:32:28Z IGANZE 11347 148337 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Doriane Kundwa.jpg|thumb|'''Doriane Kundwa''']] '''Kundwa Doriane''' ni Umunyarwandakazi wavutse Ku itariki ya 21 Mata 1995, ni umunyamideri,yabaye Nyampinga w'u [[Rwanda]] mu mwaka wa 2015. Yavukiye i [[Nyamirambo]] mu murenge wa Rwezamenyo, [[akarere ka Nyarugenge]],mu mujyi wa [[Kigali]]. == Amateka yamuranze == Doriane yegukanye irushunwa rya Nyampinga w' u Rwanda 2015 Tariki 21 Gashyantare muri Serena Hoteli i Kigali ni ho habereye umuhango. amashuri abanza mu mugi wa Kigali avukana n'abana batatu b'abakobwa nawe wa kane akaba ari nawe muhererezi murugo iwabo.yize muri kaminuza ya Antorio teck muri Canada ibijyanye n'ubuzima n'ubutabire <ref>https://inyarwanda.com/rw/amakuru/miss-rwanda-2015-kundwa-doriane-yibarutse-imfura-1789885379493</ref> <ref>https://igihe.com/miss-rwanda-mu-myaka-ishize/article/kundwa-doriane</ref> == Inkomoko == 1<nowiki/>https://www.igihe.com/serivisi/special-pages/miss-rwanda-2018/miss-rwanda-mu-myaka-ishize/article/kundwa-doriane 2<nowiki/>https://web.archive.org/web/20240318080912/https://ar.umuseke.rw/nyampinga-wu-rwanda-2015-ni-kundwa-doriane.hmtl 58y4wkfap91dei80g5i8ioz3i30zf32 148339 148337 2026-10-29T21:43:16Z IGANZE 11347 148339 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Doriane Kundwa.jpg|thumb|'''Doriane Kundwa''']] '''Kundwa Doriane''' ni Umunyarwandakazi wavutse Ku itariki ya 21 Mata 1995, ni umunyamideri,yabaye Nyampinga w'u [[Rwanda]] mu mwaka wa 2015. Yavukiye i [[Nyamirambo]] mu murenge wa Rwezamenyo, [[akarere ka Nyarugenge]],mu mujyi wa [[Kigali]]. == Amateka yamuranze == Doriane yegukanye irushunwa rya Nyampinga w' u Rwanda 2015 Tariki 21 Gashyantare muri Serena Hoteli i Kigali ni ho habereye umuhango. Kundwa Doriane kandi yabaye Visi Perezida w’umuryango International Rwandan Youth for Development (IRYD). Yize amashuri abanza mu mugi wa Kigali akomereza icyiciro cya kaminuza muri Antorio teck muri Canada ibijyanye n'ubuzima bw' ubutabire.Avukana n'abana batatu b'abakobwa nawe wa kane akaba ari nawe muhererezi murugo iwabo. <ref>https://inyarwanda.com/rw/amakuru/miss-rwanda-2015-kundwa-doriane-yibarutse-imfura-1789885379493</ref> <ref>https://igihe.com/miss-rwanda-mu-myaka-ishize/article/kundwa-doriane</ref> == Ubuzima bwe == Miss Doriane ubu yarabyaye nawe ni umubyeyi afite umwana umwe <ref>https://inyarwanda.com/rw/amakuru/miss-rwanda-2015-kundwa-doriane-yibarutse-imfura-1789885379493</ref> == Inkomoko == 1<nowiki/>https://www.igihe.com/serivisi/special-pages/miss-rwanda-2018/miss-rwanda-mu-myaka-ishize/article/kundwa-doriane 2<nowiki/>https://web.archive.org/web/20240318080912/https://ar.umuseke.rw/nyampinga-wu-rwanda-2015-ni-kundwa-doriane.hmtl 2gc7rcfxz4bxope6dabewk7amknek2o 148340 148339 2026-10-29T21:45:27Z IGANZE 11347 148340 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Doriane Kundwa.jpg|thumb|'''Doriane Kundwa''']] '''Kundwa Doriane''' ni Umunyarwandakazi wavutse Ku itariki ya 21 Mata 1995, ni umunyamideri,yabaye Nyampinga w'u [[Rwanda]] mu mwaka wa 2015. Yavukiye i [[Nyamirambo]] mu murenge wa Rwezamenyo, [[akarere ka Nyarugenge]],mu mujyi wa [[Kigali]]. == Amateka yamuranze == Doriane yegukanye irushunwa rya Nyampinga w' u Rwanda 2015 Tariki 21 Gashyantare muri Serena Hoteli i Kigali ni ho habereye umuhango. Kundwa kandi yabaye Visi Perezida w’umuryango International Rwandan Youth for Development (IRYD). Yize amashuri abanza mu mugi wa Kigali akomereza icyiciro cya kaminuza muri Antorio teck muri Canada ibijyanye n'ubuzima bw' ubutabire.Avukana n'abana batatu b'abakobwa nawe wa kane akaba ari nawe muhererezi murugo iwabo. <ref>https://inyarwanda.com/rw/amakuru/miss-rwanda-2015-kundwa-doriane-yibarutse-imfura-1789885379493</ref> <ref>https://igihe.com/miss-rwanda-mu-myaka-ishize/article/kundwa-doriane</ref> == Ubuzima bwe == Miss Doriane ubu yarabyaye nawe ni umubyeyi afite umwana umwe <ref>https://inyarwanda.com/rw/amakuru/miss-rwanda-2015-kundwa-doriane-yibarutse-imfura-1789885379493</ref> == Inkomoko == 1<nowiki/>https://www.igihe.com/serivisi/special-pages/miss-rwanda-2018/miss-rwanda-mu-myaka-ishize/article/kundwa-doriane 2<nowiki/>https://web.archive.org/web/20240318080912/https://ar.umuseke.rw/nyampinga-wu-rwanda-2015-ni-kundwa-doriane.hmtl pbo2inaz25t595ixqfmh31295u524qg 148341 148340 2026-10-29T21:53:06Z IGANZE 11347 148341 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Doriane Kundwa.jpg|thumb|'''Doriane Kundwa''']] '''Kundwa Doriane''' ni Umunyarwandakazi wavutse Ku itariki ya 21 Mata 1995, ni umunyamideri,yabaye Nyampinga w'u [[Rwanda]] mu mwaka wa 2015. Yavukiye i [[Nyamirambo]] mu murenge wa Rwezamenyo, [[akarere ka Nyarugenge]],mu mujyi wa [[Kigali]]. == Amateka yamuranze == Doriane yegukanye irushunwa rya Nyampinga w' u Rwanda 2015 Tariki 21 Gashyantare muri Serena Hoteli i Kigali ni ho habereye umuhango.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/116259/News/video-doriane-kundwa-crowned-miss-rwanda-2015</ref> Kundwa kandi yabaye Visi Perezida w’umuryango International Rwandan Youth for Development (IRYD). Yize amashuri abanza mu mugi wa Kigali akomereza icyiciro cya kaminuza muri Antorio teck muri Canada ibijyanye n'ubuzima bw' ubutabire. Doriane yitabiriye ibirori byo kumurika imideli byiswe “Kigali International Fashion Week” byabereye kumugabane w' u Burayi mu Budage, Ubuholandi n’Ububiligi mu mwaka wa 2018 .<ref>https://kigalitoday.com/imyidagaduro/ibirori/article/miss-doriane-na-colombe-bazamurikira-amahanga-imyenda-ikorerwa-mu-rwanda</ref> <ref>https://inyarwanda.com/rw/amakuru/miss-rwanda-2015-kundwa-doriane-yibarutse-imfura-1789885379493</ref> <ref>https://igihe.com/miss-rwanda-mu-myaka-ishize/article/kundwa-doriane</ref> == Ubuzima bwe == Miss Doriane avukana n'abana batatu b'abakobwa nawe wa kane akaba ari nawe muhererezi murugo iwabo. Mu Kwezi kwa cyenda 2026 nawe yarabyaye ubu ni umubyeyi afite umwana umwe <ref>https://inyarwanda.com/rw/amakuru/miss-rwanda-2015-kundwa-doriane-yibarutse-imfura-1789885379493</ref> == Inkomoko == 1<nowiki/>https://www.igihe.com/serivisi/special-pages/miss-rwanda-2018/miss-rwanda-mu-myaka-ishize/article/kundwa-doriane 2<nowiki/>https://web.archive.org/web/20240318080912/https://ar.umuseke.rw/nyampinga-wu-rwanda-2015-ni-kundwa-doriane.hmtl 8aiyou73269qlo7gc4dt08w8670letb 0 18333 148367 146062 2026-10-30T09:28:31Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 148367 wikitext text/x-wiki Umukandara ni umwenda umuntu yambara kugirango ufate ipantaro cyangwa ijipo itamanuka.ariko hakaba hari numukandara wo mumodoka uyu mukandara wo mumodoka umuntu iyo agiye kurugendo ari mumodoka arawambara uvuye mukwaha ukagera kurutugu ariko uyu mukandara ufashe kumodoka == Akamaro k'umukandara wo mumodoka == uyu mukandara wo mumodoka wifashishwa kugirango urinde umugenzi ndetse numushoferi kuba yahura n'impanuka igihe imodoka iri kwihuta ndetse nigihe imodoka igeze ahantu hahanamye uyu mukandara akamaro kawo kagereranwa nakamaro kingofero umuntu yambara iyo ari kuri moto kubwizo mpamvu police y'u RWANDA ishishikariza abantu kwambara uyu mukandara igihe cyose bari murugendo rw'imodoka <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/barasaba-ko-imodoka-zidafite-imikandara-ku-ntebe-zose-zikumirwa |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-05-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240510112928/https://www.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/barasaba-ko-imodoka-zidafite-imikandara-ku-ntebe-zose-zikumirwa |archive-date=2024-05-10 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ibihano bihabwa abatubahiriza aya mabwiriza == Abagenzi ndetse n'abashoferi batubahiriza aya mabwiriza yo kwambara umukandara n'ingofero igihe bari kurugendo,iyo bafashwe bacibwa amande ndetse bagahabwa n'igifungo igihe bibaye ngombwa<ref>https://police.gov.rw/rw/amakuru/amakuru-ya-polisi/news-detail/news/kutambara-umukandara-wo-mu-modoka-ningofero-ku-bagenda-kuri-moto-ni-ugushyira-ubuzima-mu-kaga-kand/</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} pch0zp547b3mjbjiv5x6t7mdgpvtrt5 0 20352 148328 147774 2026-10-29T20:50:02Z NSHUTIYIMANA Moise 17987 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 148328 wikitext text/x-wiki Ishuri rya ECOLE DES SCIENCES SAINT LOUIS DE MONTFORT riherereye mu murenge wa [[busasamana]], mu karere ka nyanza, [[intara]] yamajyepfo. <ref>https://imvahonshya.co.rw/e-sc-saint-louis-de-montfort-nyanza-itangazo-ryo-gupiganira-isoko-ryigihembwe-cya-gatatu-2022-2023/</ref> abize nabakoze muri ECOLE DES SCIENCES SAINT LOUIS DE MONTFORT bagiye kuri ririya shuri bizeho bahemba abanyeshuri batsinze neza. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://umuseke.rw/2025/06/abize-nabakoze-muri-e-sc-l-m-nyanza-bahembye-abatsinze-neza-bahiga/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2025-08-27 |archive-date=2025-07-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250718232215/https://umuseke.rw/2025/06/abize-nabakoze-muri-e-sc-l-m-nyanza-bahembye-abatsinze-neza-bahiga/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> kuri uyu wa 22kamena abize nabakoze muri ryo shuri guhera 1965 kugeza 2024 bishyize hamwe bitwa E.SC.L.M NYANZA ALUMNI <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://umuseke.rw/2025/06/abize-nabakoze-muri-e-sc-l-m-nyanza-bahembye-abatsinze-neza-bahiga/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2025-08-27 |archive-date=2025-07-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250718232215/https://umuseke.rw/2025/06/abize-nabakoze-muri-e-sc-l-m-nyanza-bahembye-abatsinze-neza-bahiga/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> nibo basuye aho bize bahemba abanyeshuri batsinze neza.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://umuseke.rw/2025/06/abize-nabakoze-muri-e-sc-l-m-nyanza-bahembye-abatsinze-neza-bahiga/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2025-08-27 |archive-date=2025-07-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250718232215/https://umuseke.rw/2025/06/abize-nabakoze-muri-e-sc-l-m-nyanza-bahembye-abatsinze-neza-bahiga/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} 0co4y0vqqfi3kbl33ue67rzbl5as4ub 0 20599 148370 144733 2026-10-30T11:01:21Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 148370 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''''West of Zanzibar (1954 film)''''' nifilime yomu Bwongereza yomuri 1954 yayobowe na Harry Watt ikinwamo na Anthony Steel, Sheila Sim na Edric Connor . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2009-04-16 |title=BFI &#124; Film & TV Database &#124; WEST OF ZANZIBAR (1954) |url=http://ftvdb.bfi.org.uk/sift/title/57545 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090114021653/http://ftvdb.bfi.org.uk/sift/title/57545 |archive-date=2009-01-14 |access-date=2014-02-22 |publisher=Ftvdb.bfi.org.uk}}</ref> igendeye ''aho Nta Vultures Fly'' (1951), yaba kuwayiyoboye numwe na producer nibamwe, kandi ugakomeza ibyabaye kumucungamutungo Bob Payton, wongeye gukinwa na Anthony Steel. Ingingo yiyifilime ni magendu yinzovu, kandi nubwo iyifilime isankaho ishyigikiye kubasagwa butaka nyafurika barwanya ikoreshwa ryubukungu, yabujijwe na guverinoma ya Kenya, yabonaga ko uburyo bwayo ari ubuvandimwe. <ref name="tvguide1">{{Cite web |date= |title=West Of Zanzibar Review |url=http://movies.tvguide.com/west-of-zanzibar/review/122605 |access-date=2014-02-22 |publisher=Movies.tvguide.com |archive-date=2014-02-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140225141326/http://movies.tvguide.com/west-of-zanzibar/review/122605 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=BFI Screenonline: West of Zanzibar (1954) |url=http://www.screenonline.org.uk/film/id/1403334/index.html |access-date=2014-02-22 |publisher=Screenonline.org.uk |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140223115717/http://www.screenonline.org.uk/film/id/1403334/index.html |archive-date=2014-02-23 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Umugambi == Umuryango womur Afurika Galana mucyaro wimukiye i Mombasa nyuma yamapfa. Inzira zamahoro zumuryango zirasenywa n’abacuruzi b’inzovu zitemewe. Ushinzwe umukino, Bob Payton ahinduka umugenzacyaha, yerekeza muri [[Zanzibar]] kuvumbura umuyobozi wihishe inyuma yinzovu. Payton akurikirana kariyeri ye binyuze mubice bimwe byahemutse byo mukarere ka Zanzibar. Nubwo hari inzitizi zirimo ingona n'imvubu, Payton amaherezo agana umugome. Umuyobozi w'agatsiko yahaye isambu y'umuryango w'Afurika isubiza amahembe yinzovu, ariko arishyurwa kubera umugambi we igihe umuryango wamuhindukiriye. <ref name="tvguide1"/> <ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=West of Zanzibar &#124; BFI &#124; BFI |url=http://explore.bfi.org.uk/4ce2b6ba757c7 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120712172304/http://explore.bfi.org.uk/4ce2b6ba757c7 |archive-date=2012-07-12 |access-date=2014-02-22 |publisher=Explore.bfi.org.uk}}</ref> == Abakinnyi == * Anthony Steel nka Bob Payton * Sheila Sim nka Mary Payton * Edric Connor nka Ushington * Orlando Martins nka M'Kwongi * William Simons nka Tim Payton * Martin Benson nka Dhofar * David Osieli nka Ambrose * Igishushanyo cya Betelehemu nka Betelehemu * Peter Illing nka Yhingoni * Edward Johnson nka Halfbreed * Juma nka Juma * Howard Marion-Crawford nkibiti * Stuart Lindsell nka Coloneli Ryan * Sheik Abdullah nka capitaine wa Dhow * Alan Webb nkumuyobozi mukuru == Ukoyakozwe == ''Aho No Vultures Fly'' yarimwe mu zamenyekanye cyane mu '''biro by’Ubwongereza''' muwi 1951 bityo Studios ya Ealing yahisemo gukora urukurikirane rwinyenyeri imwe, umuyobozi na producer, hanyuma yongera gufatanya numuryango wa Schlesinger. Dinah Sheridan yasimbuwe na Sheila Sim. Kuri stade imwe byari biteganijwe kofilm izakorerwa muri 3-D ariko siko byagenze. <ref>{{Cite news |date=1 March 1953 |title=You'll See Height, Width, Depth In Colour First "Three-D" Films Here By End Of Year. |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article18514527 |access-date=13 January 2015 |work=[[The Sunday Herald (Sydney)|The Sunday Herald]] |publisher=National Library of Australia |location=Sydney |page=4}}</ref> Kimwe nafirime yambere, yafatiwe ahantu murAfrika. Umutwe wageze i [[Nairobi]] muri Mutarama 1953. <ref>{{Cite news |date=26 January 1953 |title=LOCATION SEARCH IN AFRICA. |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article142719110 |access-date=13 January 2015 |work=[[South Coast Times and Wollongong Argus]] |publisher=National Library of Australia |location=NSW |page=3 Section: South Coast Times AND WOLLONGONG ARGUS FEATURE SECTION}}</ref> Nimwe muri firime nke ya Steel yakoze kumpinga yeaho atari ashyigikiye umukinnyi wumugabo ukuze. == Amajwi == Indirimbo imbyino byakonzwe cyane mugihe cyo gufata amashusho yari indirimbo yabaswahili yitwa "Jambo Sigara Baridl". Abakinnyi bafirime bakunze injyana cyane bahitamo kuyishyiramo nkumuziki wambere. Nyuma hafashwe umwanzuro wogutegura [[icyongereza]] cyindirimbo, Anthony Steel aririmba amajwi ayoboye, hamwe nitsinda, Radio Revelers. Abajijwe niba ashobora kuririmba, Steel yarashubije ati: "Usibye gutera urusaku mu bwogero, sinigeze ngerageza." Icyuma cyanditse indirimbo ukobyagenda kose kandibyagenze neza kurutonde. <ref>{{Cite news |date=19 November 1954 |title=MOVIE NEWS. |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article118435873 |access-date=13 January 2015 |work=[[The Queensland Times]] |publisher=National Library of Australia |page=5 Edition: Daily}}</ref> == Kurekura == Abakurikirana amafilime yomuri Kenya baciye iyi filime kubera ko yakangiza umubano wamoko muriki gihugu. <ref>{{Cite news |date=20 August 1954 |title=Kenya Bans A Film. |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article49875447 |access-date=13 January 2015 |work=[[The West Australian]] |publisher=National Library of Australia |location=Perth |page=21}}</ref> Iyifilime kandi yabujijwe muBuhinde nyuma yimyigaragambyo yabanyeshuri babanyafurika murikiriya gihugu. <ref>{{Cite news |date=21 May 1956 |title=Films hurt the Africans. |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article71804186 |access-date=13 January 2015 |work=[[The Argus (Melbourne)|The Argus]] |publisher=National Library of Australia |location=Melbourne |page=2}}</ref> == Kwakira == === Box office === Universal yakwirakwije film muri Amerika. Bafunguye kuri Theatre yisi yose muri New York, yakundaga kwerekana amafilime yo gukoresha - byari ikigeragezo kugira ngo iyi filime ifatwe nkiyikoreshwa muburyo butandukanye n'ikintu cy’ubukorikori, cyarisoko gakondo rya firime zo mu Bwongereza muramerika. Ubushakashatsi ntabwo bwagenze neza. Filime yarangije gufata amadorari 400.000 muramerika hamwe na booking zirenga 10,000. Muwi 1957, iyifilime yashyizwe kurutonde rwa filime cumi na zirindwi zizwi cyane Rank Organisation yigeze gusohora muramerika. === Kwakira neza === ''Variety'' yaravuze ati "Urudodo rwatejwe imbere nkumudandaza ukomeye udasanzwe aho imigenzo gakondo hamwe no guhatana bigira uruhare runini. Hariho kugerageza gato kwerekana imyitwarire iboneye, nubwo ishobora kubari nziza, igaragara kuriferi kuri ecran." Bosley Crowther yanditse mu ''kinyamakuru The New York Times'', "ni ishusho ishimishije kandimuri rusange yizewe kubijyanye niki gihe cya Afurika yIburasirazuba." <ref>{{Cite web |last=Crowther |first=Bosley |date=1955-01-18 |title=Movie Review – West of Zanzibar – The Screen in Review; Adventure Film, 'West of Zanzibar,' Opens |url=https://www.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9C01E2DC1238E23BBC4052DFB766838E649EDE |access-date=2014-02-22 |website=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> BFI Screenonline yaje kwandika:<blockquote>''West of Zanzibar'' yashizweho kugirango bunguke intsinzi yababanjirije ariko film nyirizina, n'amateka yayohamwe nabayireba, ntishobora gutandukana cyane. Harry Watt ... yashoboye gukomeza umuvuduko ushimishije, cinematografi nziza nokwibanda ku nyamaswa zatumye film ya mbere ikundwa cyane, ariko ''Uburengerazuba bwa Zanzibar'' bufite itandukaniro rimwe ryingenzi: ingingo yaryo. Irasimbuza impungenge zikwiye zita ku mibereho yinyamanswa Ahantu Nta Bisiga biguruka hamwe n’ikibazo kirenze impaka z’ubutabazi - kwimura amoko yo murafurika yo mu cyaro no kugira uruhare muguhiga amahembe yinzovu. Ariko bihakana rwose igisubizo ... Bivugwa ko Watt yatunguwe, ariko icyemezo cyinama y’ubuyobozi bwa Kenya cyafashe icyemezo cyerekana ibibazo bya firime byerekana politiki y’amoko. Iburengerazuba bwa Zanzibar kuva yabuze abantu bose, kandi ikomeza kuba imwe mu mazina azwi cyane ya Ealing. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Cave |first=Dylan |title=West of Zanzibar |url=http://www.screenonline.org.uk/film/id/1403334/index.html |website=Screenonline |access-date=2025-09-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251110103843/http://www.screenonline.org.uk/film/id/1403334/index.html |archive-date=2025-11-10 |url-status=dead}}</ref></blockquote>Sky Movies yagize ati: "Anthony Steel yongeye kubamuyobozi wimikino, Bob Payton. Asangiye ubushobozi bwintwari ya Hollywood bwo gutsinda urugamba rukabije ntagitambaro kitagira inenge kiboheye kuri bicep imwe." <ref>{{Cite web |date=2002-05-23 |title=West of Zanzibar – Sky Movies HD |url=http://skymovies.sky.com/west-of-zanzibar/review |access-date=2014-02-22 |publisher=Skymovies.sky.com}}</ref> ''TV Guide'' yaranditse ati: "twishingikirije cyane kugace kezaka Afurika, iyi mitekerereze yAbongereza igenda gahoro." <ref name="tvguide1"/> == Reba == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * West of Zanzibar at IMDb * [https://web.archive.org/web/20251110103843/http://www.screenonline.org.uk/film/id/1403334/index.html ''West of Zanzibar''] at BFI Screenonline * [https://letterboxd.com/film/west-of-zanzibar-1954/ West of Zanzibar] at Letterbox DVD * [http://www.colonialfilm.org.uk/node/74 West of Zanzibar] at Colonial Film * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160308030813/http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b6ba757c7 West of Zanzibar] at BFI * [https://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/95353/west-of-zanzibar#credits West of Zanzibar] at TCMDB * [[iarchive:variety194-1954-04/page/n5|Review of film]] at ''Variety'' [[Ikiciro:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 3uqctwe5cjl2nzzr54xbk41f963xnjr 0 20940 148361 138062 2026-10-30T08:16:07Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 148361 wikitext text/x-wiki '''TecAccess''' ni isosiyete y'Abanyamerika iherereye i Rockville, muri Virijiniya, ishushanya ibikoresho byo kwiga kumurongo hamwe nurubuga rwabafite [[ubumuga]] . Isosiyete itanga serivisi zubujyanama, guteza imbere software, kugerageza no gusuzuma, amahugurwa, kugenzura, kwemeza, no gusuzuma politiki. Yibanze ku gice cya 508 kubahiriza no kugera kuri IT kumiryango ya leta n’abikorera. <ref name="PCI">{{Cite news |title=Company Overview of TecAccess LLC |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=8750192 |access-date=December 2, 2016 |work=Bloomberg}}</ref> == Amateka == Mu 2001, Debra Ruh yashinze ikigo cya TecAccess (izwi kandi nka Strategic Performance Solutions). <ref name="VA firm" /> <ref name="RD">{{Cite news |title=Debra Ruh of TecAccess |url=http://www.richmond.com/business/article_e6aa2ccc-655c-56fe-be75-71616f912c78.html |access-date=December 3, 2016 |work=Richmond Times-Dispatch |location=Richmond, Virginia |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231010230344/https://richmond.com/business/article_e6aa2ccc-655c-56fe-be75-71616f912c78.html |archive-date=October 10, 2023 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Ubucuruzi bwateye imbere nyuma y’ingingo ya 508 y’ivugururwa ry’itegeko ryita ku buzima busanzwe ryo mu 1998, ryatangiye gukurikizwa ku ya 21 Kamena 2001, risaba ko ababana n’ubumuga bafite itumanaho ryoroshye, imbuga za interineti, ndetse n’ibikoresho bya mudasobwa. <ref name="Good business">{{Cite news |last=Rayasam |first=Ranuka |date=November 6, 2006 |title=How Hiring the Disabled Means Good Business |url=https://www.usnews.com/usnews/biztech/articles/061106/6tecaccess.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100113192532/http://www.usnews.com/usnews/biztech/articles/061106/6tecaccess.htm |archive-date=January 13, 2010 |access-date=July 20, 2010 |work=U.S. News & World Report}}</ref> <ref name="PCI"/> <ref name="VA firm">{{Cite news |date=August 27, 2001 |title=Virginia Web Firm Plans to Help Make Sites Accessible to the Disabled |url=https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-77567374.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220043210/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-77567374.html |archive-date=December 20, 2016 |access-date=December 3, 2016 |work=Knight Ridder/Tribune Business News |via=HighBeam Research}}</ref> TecAccess yahawe akazi muri 2003 na Canon kugirango fotokopi igere kubantu badashobora gukoresha amaboko cyangwa bafite ikibazo cy'ubumuga bwo kutabona; bahimbye uburyo bwo kumenyekanisha amajwi murukurikirane rwa ImageRunner. Aba fotokopi batsindiye igihembo cyatanzwe na Fondasiyo y'Abanyamerika ishinzwe abatabona mu <ref name="Disabled techies rock">{{Cite web |last=Hise |first=Phaedra |date=September 15, 2008 |title=Why disabled techies rock |url=https://money.cnn.com/2008/09/11/smallbusiness/disabled_techies_rock.fsb/index.htm |access-date=November 29, 2016 |website=CNN Money |archive-date=February 21, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250221143154/https://money.cnn.com/2008/09/11/smallbusiness/disabled_techies_rock.fsb/index.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=October 2005 |title=Secretary of Labor Announces Seven Recipients Of the Secretary’s New Freedom Initiative Awards |url=http://www.dol.gov/opa/media/press/odep/odep20052078.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090116192301/https://www.dol.gov/opa/media/press/odep/odep20052078.htm |archive-date=January 16, 2009 |access-date=December 3, 2016 |website=Department of Labor}}</ref> Mu 2006, sosiyete yari ifite miliyoni 2.5 z'amadolari yo kugurisha ibigo bya leta n'ubucuruzi. Abakiriya bayo barimo Ishami ry’Uburezi, Serivisi ishinzwe kwinjiza imisoro n’imbere, Hewlett-Packard, hamwe n’ibiro bishinzwe ipiganwa n’ubucuruzi . Uyu muryango uherereye i Rockville, muri Virijiniya, ariko benshi mu <ref name="Good business"/> itumanaho. Mu 2006, hari abakozi 25 na bagenzi be 60.) <ref name="Good business" /> 80% by'abakozi bafite babana n'ubumuga, <ref name="Good business" /> kandi bakora akazi kabo bakoresheje ikoranabuhanga rihuza n'imiterere kuburyo bakora akazi kabo neza. <ref name="Disabled techies rock"/> TecAccess yahujwe na SSB BART Group mu mwaka wa 2011. Ruh yagizwe umuyobozi mukuru ushinzwe kwamamaza mu kigo cya SSB akomeza kuba umuyobozi mukuru wa TecAccess, ikora nk'ikigo cyihariye. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Hazard |first=Carol |date=April 23, 2011 |title=TecAccess joins forces with N. Va. firm |url=http://www.richmond.com/business/article_08e8e28d-cbfe-5459-a3f7-d2a77a1e7e2d.html |access-date=December 5, 2016 |website=Richmond Times Dispatch}}</ref> Muri 2016, umuyobozi mukuru wa TecAccess yari Rich Belyea naho Ruh yari perezida. <ref name="PCI"/> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} 4xkxx6vvyunctgi9j9myhnouqhwe03o 0 20995 148334 125356 2026-10-29T20:54:16Z NSHUTIYIMANA Moise 17987 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 148334 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Night Writting''' '''ni izina ryahawe uburyo bwo kwandika bwagenewe abafite ubumuga bwo kutabona''' kandi bunakireshywa n'abantu batandukanye bwaritondewe cyane kuko bwahimbwe na [[Charles Barbier|Charles Barbier de la Serre]] (1767–1841). Nuburyo bumwe muburyo butandukanye bwo kwandika bwatanzwe mugitabo cyasohowe mu 1815: ''Essai sur divers procédés d'expéditive française, contenant douze écritures différentes, avec une planche pour chaque procédé'' (Inyandiko ku nzira zitandukanye z’urugendo rw’Abafaransa, ikubiyemo inyandiko cumi na zibiri zitandukanye, hamwe n'isahani kuri buri nzira). <ref>{{Cite web |last=Barbier |first=Charles |year=1815 |title=Essai sur divers procédés d'expéditive française, contenant douze écritures différentes, avec une planche pour chaque procédé |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lkVzrUr1RvEC |via=Google Books}}</ref> Ijambo (mu [[Igifaransa|gifaransa]]: ''écriture nocturne'' ) ntiriboneka mu gitabo, ariko nyuma ryakoreshejwe ku buryo bwerekanwe ku cyapa cya VII cy'icyo gitabo. Ubu buryo bwo kwandika hamwe nududomo twazamuye dushobora gusomwa no gukoraho byemejwe mu kigo Royale des Jeunes Aveugles ( Ikigo cy’umwami cy’urubyiruko rutabona ) i [[Paris]] mu 1821. == Imikorere == Ihame ryiyi sisitemu ryitiriwe Night Writing rikoreshwa mu kwandukura ukoresheje amajwi 36 atandukanye ya fonetike, buri kimwe kigereranwa nuburyo bwazamuye utudomo muri 2&nbsp;×&nbsp;Imiyoboro 6. {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="7" |Imbonerahamwe yandikirana hagati ya foneme na coordinateur bijyanye |- ! ! 1 ! 2 ! 3 ! 4 ! 5 ! 6 |- ! 1 | a | i | o | u | é | è |- ! 2 | an | in | ku | un | eu | ou |- ! 3 | b | d | g | j | v | z |- ! 4 | p | t | q | ch | f | s |- ! 5 | l | m | n | r | gn | ll |- ! 6 | oi | oin | ian | ien | ion | ieu |} Foneme "t" ihagarariwe gutya: * nta guhuza utudomo twabayeho kugirango tugereranye inyuguti nkuru, injyana ya muzika, ibimenyetso by'imibare, nibindi. * uburebure bwa gride (amanota 2 × 6) byatumye bidashoboka gusoma mugihe kimwe ukoresheje urutoki rumwe * amakuru ashobora guteshwa agaciro: urusobe rwamanota 12 rwakwemerera ibimenyetso bigera kuri 2 ¹² (cyangwa 4096) guhagararirwa, mugihe Barbier yerekanaga ibimenyetso 36 gusa. {{Unicode UCSUR chart Night Writing}} == Reba kandi == * Nyctography * Ingingo ya New York == Reba == {{Reflist}} diwo0s30untfnv8itowrdlqb2f0jm8e 0 21305 148371 145988 2026-10-30T11:15:37Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 148371 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jordan Alexander Ward''' (wavutse ku ya 1 Gashyantare 1995), uzwi cyane nka '''Jordan Ward''', ni umuririmbyi, umwanditsi w’indirimbo ndetse n’umubyinnyi w’umunyamerika. <ref name=":22">{{Cite magazine|last=Lee|first=Cydney|date=2023-03-13|title=Meet Jordan Ward, The Dancer-Turned-Musician Bringing a New Wave to Hip-Hop|url=https://www.billboard.com/music/rb-hip-hop/jordan-ward-interview-forward-dancer-1235285305/|access-date=2024-07-31|magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|language=en-US}}</ref> Yatangiye umwuga we nk’umubyinnyi mbere yo kwinjira mu muziki. Yatangiriye umuziki mu mwaka wa '''2017''', maze mu '''2023''' asohora alubumu ye ya mbere ya studio yitwa ''Imbere''. Mu '''2024''', yatorewe '''igihembo cya NAACP Image Award''' mu cyiciro cy’umuhanzi mushya w’indashyikirwa mu bihembo bya 55 bya NAACP == Ubuzima bwo hambere == Jordan Ward yavutse ku ya 1 Gashyantare 1995 kandi yakuriye i St. Louis, muri Missouri . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Johnson |first=Kevin C. |date=2021-12-08 |title=After dancing with the stars, St. Louis native Jordan Ward makes music of his own |url=https://www.stltoday.com/news/local/after-dancing-with-the-stars-st-louis-native-jordan-ward-makes-music-of-his-own/article_92714719-6b5e-5d92-9e2f-d6ec0a47756f.html |access-date=2024-07-31 |website=[[St. Louis Post-Dispatch]] |language=en}}</ref> Kuva akiri muto, yerekanye ishyaka rikomeye ry'ubuhanzi, cyane cyane imbyino n'umuziki. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Williams |first=Aaron |date=2023-10-25 |title=Who Is Jordan Ward? Meet The 'White Crocs' Singer |url=https://uproxx.com/music/who-is-jordan-ward/ |access-date=2024-07-31 |website=[[Uproxx]] |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Mowatt |first=Robyn |date=2023-07-05 |title=Ward Is in His Jordan Year |url=https://officemagazine.net/ward-his-jordan-year |access-date=2024-07-31 |website=[[Office Magazine]] |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Nixon |first=Khari |date=August 28, 2023 |title=Jordan Ward's Wings Have Spread |url=https://www.spin.com/2023/08/jordan-wards-wings-have-spread/ |access-date=August 6, 2024 |website=[[Spin (magazine)|Spin]]}}</ref> == Umwuga == === Umwuga wo kubyina === Yorodani yize kubyina, harimo ballet, jazz, na hip-hop, akiri ingimbi. <ref name=":0"/> Mbere yo kwishora mu muziki, Jordan Ward yigaragaje nk'umubyinnyi, imyitozo ndetse anakorana n’amasosiyete atandukanye yo kubyina ndetse no mu bitaramo byinshi. <ref name=":0" /> Amaze kurangiza amashuri yisumbuye, yimukiye i Los Angeles, ari naho yakoraga nk'umubyinnyi winyuma, azenguruka abahanzi barimo Justin Bieber, Becky G, Janet Jackson, na Beyoncé . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Jordan Ward |url=https://www.abconcerts.be/en/agenda/jordan-ward/a105J0000071Ix5QAE |access-date=2024-07-31 |website=[[Ancienne Belgique]] |language=en}}</ref> === Umwuga wa muzika === Ward yatangiye kwandika no gufata amashusho y'indirimbo ze mu <ref>{{Cite web |last=Simpson |first=Joe |date=2023-09-22 |title="We're Not Even At Chapter One Of The Story" – An MM Exclusive With Jordan Ward |url=https://www.mixtapemadness.com/blog/music/jordan-ward-mm-exclusive-interview |access-date=2024-07-31 |website=[[Mixtape Madness]] |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Friar |first=Kat |date=2023-11-23 |title=Jordan Ward [@JORDANWARD] on his dance background, being on tour and his new album Forward |url=https://guap.co/jordan-ward-jordanward-on-his-dance-background-being-on-tour-and-his-album-forward/ |access-date=2024-07-31 |website=guap.co |language=en-GB |archive-date=2024-08-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240803220329/https://guap.co/jordan-ward-jordanward-on-his-dance-background-being-on-tour-and-his-album-forward/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Muri 2017, Jordan Ward yashyize ahagaragara umushinga we wa mbere, ''A Peak mu nama'' . <ref name=":2" /> <ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=2019-08-26 |title=Meet Jordan Ward, the St. Louis Hopeful Who Is Making Himself His Top Priority |url=https://djbooth.net/features/2019-08-26-meet-jordan-ward-interview-valley-hopefuls/ |access-date=2024-11-17 |website=DJBooth |language=en-US}}</ref> Nyuma yibi, yasohoye indirimbo nyinshi, harimo "Mustard" irimo 6LACK . <ref name=":6">{{Cite web |last=Simpson |first=Joe |date=2023-08-08 |title=Jordan Ward Taps 6LACK For New Track 'MUSTARD' |url=https://www.mixtapemadness.com/blog/music/jordan-ward-6lack-mustard |access-date=2024-07-31 |website=Mixtape Madness |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Perkins |first=Njera |date=March 12, 2024 |title=2024 NAACP Image Awards: Jordan Ward's Collaborative Brilliance: 5 Unforgettable Features with Fellow Artists |url=https://www.bet.com/article/km3dty/2024-naacp-image-awards-jordan-wards-collaborative-brilliance-5-unforgettable-features-with-fellow-artists |access-date=2024-07-31 |website=[[BET]] |language=en |archive-date=2024-07-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240731102500/https://www.bet.com/article/km3dty/2024-naacp-image-awards-jordan-wards-collaborative-brilliance-5-unforgettable-features-with-fellow-artists |url-status=dead}}</ref> Mu Kwakira 2021, yasohoye EP yitwa ''Guma Gutuza.'' Muri Werurwe <ref>{{Cite web |last=Folk |first=Antwane |date=2021-10-29 |title=Jordan Ward Releases New EP 'Remain Calm' |url=https://ratedrnb.com/2021/10/jordan-ward-releases-new-ep-remain-calm/ |access-date=2024-07-31 |website=[[Rated R&B]] |language=en-US}}</ref> Ward yashyize ahagaragara alubumu ye ya mbere, ''Imbere'', muri Interscope Records . Iyi <ref>{{Cite web |last=Armstrong |first=Sam |date=2023-03-05 |title=R&B Standout Jordan Ward Releases Debut Album 'FORWARD' |url=https://www.udiscovermusic.com/news/jordan-ward-forward/ |access-date=2024-07-31 |website=uDiscover Music |language=en-US}}</ref> yakozwe na Lido, igaragaramo ubufatanye na Joyce Wrice, Ryan Trey, Gwen Bunn, na Joony . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Folk |first=Antwane |date=2023-03-03 |title=Jordan Ward Moves 'Forward' on Debut Album: Listen |url=https://ratedrnb.com/2023/03/jordan-ward-moves-forward-on-debut-album-listen/ |access-date=2024-11-17 |website=Rated R&B |language=en}}</ref> Isohora, ''Imbere'' yashushanyije ku mbonerahamwe ya Billboard R&amp;amp;B yo muri Amerika mu cyumweru cyayo cya mbere. ''['' <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2024)">needed</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> ''Rolling Stone'' yashyize ''Imbere'' kurutonde rwayo rwa Album 100 Nziza zo mu <ref name=":7">{{Cite web |date=2023-10-27 |title=5 Minutes with Jordan Ward: The St. Louis R&B star on his deluxe album, 'moreward(FORWARD)' |url=https://hungermag.com/music/5-minutes-with-jordan-ward-the-st-louis-rb-star-on-his-deluxe-album-morewardforward |access-date=2024-07-31 |website=Hunger Mag |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Schube |first=Will |date=2023-08-30 |title=Jordan Ward Releases Music Video For ‘Zoomies’ |url=https://www.udiscovermusic.com/news/jordan-ward-zoomies-video/ |access-date=2024-11-17 |website=uDiscover Music |language=en-US}}</ref> Mu gihembwe cya kane cya 2023, yazengurutse u Burayi bwose. <ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Schube |first=Will |date=2023-09-12 |title=Jordan Ward Announces European Tour |url=https://www.udiscovermusic.com/news/jordan-ward-european-tour/ |access-date=2024-07-31 |website=[[uDiscover Music]] |language=en-US}}</ref> Ward yatorewe igihembo cy’ishusho cya NAACP kubera umuhanzi mushya w’indashyikirwa mu bihembo bya 55 bya NAACP . Ward <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=2024-01-25 |title=Nominees Announced for the 55th NAACP Image Awards |url=https://naacp.org/articles/nominees-announced-55th-naacp-image-awards |access-date=2024-10-14 |website=[[NAACP]] |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Fabian Brathwaite |first=Lester |date=March 17, 2024 |title=2024 NAACP Image Award winners: See full list |url=https://ew.com/2024-naacp-image-award-winners-see-full-list-8609542 |access-date=2024-11-17 |website=EW.com |language=en}}</ref>​ <ref>{{Cite web |last=Lamarre |first=Carl |date=2024-06-29 |title=Cardi B, Gunna, Sexyy Red & Davido Light Up L.A. for 2024 BET Experience Concert Series |url=https://www.billboard.com/music/rb-hip-hop/cardi-b-gunna-sexyy-red-2024-bet-experience-concert-series-1235720820/ |access-date=2024-10-19 |website=Billboard |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Brown |first=Preezy |date=2024-09-24 |title=7 Best Moments From Music At The Intersection Festival 2024 |url=https://www.vibe.com/lists/best-moments-music-at-the-intersection-festival-2024/jordan-wards-energy-proves-kinetic/ |access-date=2024-10-19 |website=Vibe |language=en-US}}</ref> Muri Mata 2024, yasohoye indirimbo "Umukinnyi wa kabiri" mu majwi ya ''Ntubwire Mama Wapfuye Umwana .'' Ku ya ''<ref name=":8">{{Cite web |date=12 April 2024 |title=Jordan Ward is heading to the movies with "Player Two" song featured in "Don't Tell mom the Babysitter's Dead" Film |url=https://www.universalmusic.ca/press-releases/jordan-ward-is-heading-to-the-movies-with-player-two-song-featured-in-dont-tell-mom-the-babysitters-dead-film/ |access-date=2024-10-14 |website=[[Universal Music Canada]]}}</ref>'' 2025, Ward yasohoye indirimbo imwe 'JUICY' yakozwe na Michael Uzowuru na Teo Halm . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Interviews |first=Clash Magazine Music News, Reviews & |last2=Hussain |first2=Shahzaib |date=2025-09-10 |title=Jordan Ward Returns With New Single 'JUICY' {{!}} News |url=https://www.clashmusic.com/news/jordan-ward-returns-with-new-single-juicy/ |access-date=2025-09-12 |website=Clash Magazine Music News, Reviews & Interviews |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Muburyo bwa muzika hamwe ningaruka == Umuziki wa Ward uhumekwa na funk, ubundi rock, na hip hop . <ref name=":9">{{Cite web |date=2023-08-17 |title=Jordan Ward (Interscope) |url=https://hitsdailydouble.com/the_bside&id=337216&title=Jordan-Ward-(Interscope) |access-date=2024-07-31 |website=[[Hits Daily Double]] |language=en}}</ref> == Discography == === Album za studio === * ''Imbere'' (2023) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Davis |first=Chad |date=2023-05-09 |title=Rising R&B singer Jordan Ward comes home to St. Louis to promote debut album 'Forward' |url=https://www.stlpr.org/arts/2023-05-09/rising-r-b-singer-jordan-ward-comes-home-to-st-louis-to-promote-debut-album-forward |access-date=2024-11-18 |website=[[KWMU|STLPR]] |language=en}}</ref> === Imvange === * ''Ibyiringiro byo mu kibaya'' (2019) === Uruhererekane rw'indirimbo === * ''Impinga mu nama'' (2017) <ref name=":5"/> * ''Komeza gutuza'' (2021) <ref name=":10">{{Cite web |last=Bolden |first=Janeé |date=2021-10-08 |title=We Got A Lil Baby Crush: R&B Newcomer Jordan Ward Releases His New EP 'Remain Calm' |url=https://bossip.com/2045078/jordan-ward/ |access-date=2024-07-31 |website=[[Bossip]]}}</ref> * ''JRNY'' (hamwe na Joony ) (2024) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Samuels |first=Keithan |date=2024-10-08 |title=Jordan Ward and Joony Take a Quick 'JRNY' on New EP: Stream |url=https://ratedrnb.com/2024/10/jordan-ward-and-joony-take-a-quick-jrny-on-new-ep-stream/ |access-date=2024-10-14 |website=Rated R&B |language=en-US}}</ref> === Ingaragu === * "Tapas" * "Lalaland" * "Umukandida" * "Mfata inyuma" * "Okok" (Hibachi) <ref name=":11">{{Cite web |last=Griffin |first=Marc |date=2023-04-12 |title=Jordan Ward's 'FORWARD' Is Best Understood When Going Backward |url=https://www.vibe.com/features/editorial/jordan-ward-forward-interview-1234740477/ |access-date=2024-07-31 |website=[[Vibe (magazine)|Vibe]] |language=en-US}}</ref> * "Sandiego" <ref name=":11" /> * "Lil Baby Crush" <ref>{{Cite web |last=Robles |first=Jonathan |date=2021-09-09 |title=We're addicted to Jordan Ward's new single 'Lil Baby Crush' |url=https://www.variancemagazine.com/sights/12403-lil-baby-crush |access-date=2024-11-17 |website=[[Variance (magazine)|Variance]] |language=en-gb |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241215195222/https://www.variancemagazine.com/sights/12403-lil-baby-crush |archive-date=2024-12-15 |url-status=dead}}</ref> * "IDC" irimo Joony <ref>{{Cite web |last=Rouhani |first=Neena |last2=Lee |first2=Cydney |date=2022-10-18 |title=R&B Fresh Picks of the Week: Central Cee, Rini, Kirby & More |url=https://www.billboard.com/music/rb-hip-hop/best-new-hip-hop-central-cee-rini-1235157012/ |access-date=2024-11-18 |website=Billboard |language=en-US}}</ref> * "Crocs Yera" irimo Ryan Trey <ref name=":1"/> * "Cherimoya" <ref>{{Cite web |last=Rouhani |first=Neena |last2=Lee |first2=Cydney |date=2023-02-13 |title=R&B/Hip-Hop Fresh Picks of the Week: Central Cee, Daniel Caesar, Kash Doll & More |url=https://www.billboard.com/music/rb-hip-hop/best-new-rb-hip-hop-central-cee-daniel-caesar-fresh-picks-1235214001/ |access-date=2024-11-18 |website=Billboard |language=en-US}}</ref> * "Sinapi" irimo 6lack <ref name=":6"/> * "Gutegereza Ubusa" <ref>{{Cite web |last=Horvath |first=Zachary |date=2024-02-19 |title=Jordan Ward Beautifully Covers Bob Marley & The Wailers' "Waiting In Vain" For Spotify Singles |url=https://www.hotnewhiphop.com/765445-jordan-ward-waiting-in-vain-spotify-singles-hip-hop-news |access-date=2024-07-31 |website=[[HotNewHipHop]] |language=en}}</ref> * "Umukinnyi wa kabiri" <ref name=":8"/> * "Umutobe" <ref>{{Cite web |last=Interviews |first=Clash Magazine Music News, Reviews & |last2=Hussain |first2=Shahzaib |date=2025-09-10 |title=Jordan Ward Returns With New Single 'JUICY' {{!}} News |url=https://www.clashmusic.com/news/jordan-ward-returns-with-new-single-juicy/ |access-date=2025-09-12 |website=Clash Magazine Music News, Reviews & Interviews |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Imizenguruko == '''Umutwe''' * TEURWARD (2023) (EU) <ref name=":4"/> '''Gushyigikira''' * 6 GUKURIKIRA - " Kuva Mfite Umukunzi " Urugendo (2023) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Williams |first=Aaron |date=2023-10-02 |title=Here Is 6lack’s ’Since I Have A Lover Tour’ Setlist |url=https://uproxx.com/music/6lack-since-i-have-a-lover-tour-setlist/ |access-date=2024-11-18 |website=Uproxx |language=en-US}}</ref> * Smino - Urugendo rwa "Louphoria" (2023) (EU) <ref name=":9"/> * JID & Smino - "Luv Is 4Ever" Urugendo (2023) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Barlas |first=Jon |date=2023-03-13 |title=Jordan Ward Interview: 'I just want the music to speak for itself' |url=https://ourgenerationmusic.com/exclusive/forward-jordan-ward-interview/ |access-date=2024-07-31 |website=Our Generation Music |language=en-US}}</ref> * Duckwrth - Urugendo "SuperGood" (2021) <ref name=":10"/> == Ibihembo yatsindiye naho yashyizwe kurutonde rwabahatanye. == {| class="wikitable" !Umwaka ! Icyabaye ! Icyiciro ! Igisubizo ! Réf |- | 2023 | Ibihembo bya NAACP | NAACP Ishusho Igihembo cyumuhanzi mushya udasanzwe|{{nom}} | <ref name=":3"/> |} == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Short description is different from Wikidata]] 8q1gknr1fp8a16uktx8pmcj9o4scwk3 0 21406 148360 142492 2026-10-30T08:07:04Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 148360 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | above = Spiro | label1 = Ubwoko | data1 = Ikigo cy'ubucuruzi cyigenga | label2 = Urwego | data2 = [[Moto]] z'amashanyarazi, guhinduranya bateri | label3 = Yatangiye ibikorwa | data3 = 2022 ([[Togo]] na [[Bene]]) | label4 = Umuyobozi mukuru | data4 = Kaushik Burman | label5 = Ibihugu ikoreramo | data5 = [[Togo]], [[Bene]], [[Kenya]], [[Rwanda]], [[Ubugande]], [[Nijeriya]] | label6 = Urubuga | data6 = [https://www.spironet.com spironet.com] }} '''Spiro''' ni ikigo cy'ubucuruzi gikorera muri [[Afurika]], gikora kandi gicuruza [[moto]] z'amashanyarazi, kikanatanga serivisi yo guhinduranya bateri (''battery swapping'') ku bamotari. Gikorera mu bihugu bitandatu by'Afurika, harimo n'[[Rwanda]], aho cyatangiye ibikorwa mu 2023. Kigamije kugabanya ikoreshwa ry'ibikomoka kuri peteroli mu bwikorezi no kugabanya ingaruka mbi ku [[Ibidukikije|bidukikije]]. == Amateka == Spiro yatangiye ibikorwa byayo muri [[Togo]] na [[Bene]] mu 2022, maze mu 2023 igera muri [[Kenya]], [[Rwanda]], [[Ubugande]] na [[Nijeriya]].<ref name="time">{{Cite news |last=Höije |first=Katarina |date=2024-05-30 |title=TIME100 Most Influential Companies 2024: Spiro |url=https://time.com/6980333/spiro/ |work=TIME |language=en}}</ref> Umuyobozi wayo mukuru ni Kaushik Burman.<ref name="time" /> Muri Gicurasi 2024, ikinyamakuru ''TIME'' cyayishyize ku rutonde rw'ibigo 100 bifite ijambo rikomeye ku isi (''TIME100 Most Influential Companies''); icyo gihe yari ifite moto z'amashanyarazi zigera ku 14 000.<ref name="time" /> Mu Kwakira 2025, Spiro yabonye ishoramari rya miliyoni 100 z'amadolari y'Amerika, harimo miliyoni 75 zatanzwe n'ikigega FEDA cya Banki Nyafurika y'Ubucuruzi bw'Ibyoherezwa mu Mahanga (Afreximbank).<ref name="guardian">{{Cite news |last=Jeremiah |first=Kingsley |date=2025-10-23 |title=FEDA leads $100m investment to expand regional electric mobility |url=https://guardian.ng/business-services/feda-leads-100m-investment-to-expand-regional-electric-mobility/ |work=The Guardian Nigeria |language=en}}</ref> == Ibikorwa mu Rwanda == Mu Rwanda, ibiro bya Spiro biri i Remera–Giporoso, mu mujyi wa [[Kigali]].<ref name="spiro">{{Cite web |title=Our Presence |url=https://www.spironet.com/contact-us |website=Spiro |language=en |access-date=2026-10-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260610210031/https://www.spironet.com/contact-us |archive-date=2026-06-10 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Muri Nzeri 2025, Spiro yamuritse imideli mishya ya moto, Ekon 450M1 na Ekon 450M2, iteranyirizwa mu gihugu kandi ku giciro kiri hasi ugereranyije n'iyabanje.<ref name="nt2025">{{Cite news |last=Ntarindwa |first=Frank |date=2025-09-08 |title=Spiro launches sleeker, safer new e-bike models at lower cost |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/29529/news/featured/spiro-launches-sleeker-safer-new-e-bike-models-at-lower-cost |work=The New Times |language=en}}</ref> Ku wa 14 Kanama 2026, yamuritse moto nshya, EKON M1 V3, yakorewe imisozi n'imihanda igoye yo mu Rwanda, mu imurikagurisha ry'i [[Gikondo]].<ref name="nt2026">{{Cite news |last=Nyandwi |first=Charles |date=2026-08-15 |title=Spiro unveils new e-motorcycle built for Rwanda's tough terrain |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/38192/news/featured/spiro-unveils-new-e-motorcycle-built-for-rwandas-tough-terrain |work=The New Times |language=en}}</ref> Muri Nyakanga 2026, Spiro yari ifite mu Rwanda moto z'amashanyarazi zirenga 28 000 na sitasiyo zirenga 300 zo guhinduranya bateri, harimo eshatu nini i Kigali; yari imaze no guha akazi abantu barenga 3 000.<ref name="ktpress">{{Cite news |last=Nkurunziza |first=Sam |date=2026-07-02 |title=Spiro Builds Rwanda's Largest Electric Mobility Ecosystem in Just Three Years |url=https://www.ktpress.rw/2026/07/spiro-builds-rwandas-largest-electric-mobility-ecosystem-in-just-three-years/ |work=KT Press |language=en}}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Reba kandi == === Ingingo zijyanye === * [[Moto]] * [[Ibidukikije]] === Ihuza ryo hanze === * [https://www.spironet.com Urubuga rwemewe rwa Spiro] (mu Cyongereza) {{Stub}} [[Ikiciro:Moto]] [[Ikiciro:Ubucuruzi]] [[Ikiciro:Ubwikorezi]] rtzbgqqpc1c9hsv3exw13ftxv4lde77 0 21440 148351 147206 2026-10-30T03:13:33Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 148351 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Isis Fashion Awards (IFA)''' ni irushanwa mpuzamahanga n'ibirori byo guhemba abahanga mu mideli bibera mu [[Ubuholandi]]. Ni ryo birori bya mbere mu Buholandi byahariwe gusa abashushanya ibikoresho by'imideli (accessories) nk'inkweto, amasakoshi, imitako, n'ingofero.<ref name="salto2022">[https://www.salto.nl/blog/isis-fashion-awards-de-modeshow-voor-accessoire-designers/ Isis Fashion Awards – dé modeshow voor accessoire designers] ''SALTO'', 23 Ukuboza 2022.</ref> Izina Isis rikomoka ku mana y'Abanyamisiri ya kera Isis.<ref name="nlmagazine">[https://www.nlmagazine.nl/cultuur-uitgaan1/cultuur-uitgaan/4252-patricia-paay-jureert-tweede-editie-modeshow-isis-fashion-awards-voor-accessoire-ontwerpers-op-1-juni Patricia Paay jureert tweede editie modeshow Isis Fashion Awards voor accessoire-ontwerpers op 1 juni] ''NL Magazine'', 2024.</ref><ref name="ondatv">[https://www.ondatv.it/38-ultime-notizie/45211-ondatv-in-olanda-per-gli-isis-fashion-adwards.html OndaTV in Olanda per gli Isis Fashion Awards] ''OndaTV'', 5 Gicurasi 2025.</ref> == Amateka == Isis Fashion Awards yashinzwe n'utunganya ibiganiro n'amafilime w'Umuholandi witwa [[Jan-Willem Breure]], akaba ari nawe washinze ibihembo bya [[Septimius Awards]].<ref name="salto2022"/><ref name="weesmeer">[https://weesmeer.nl/jan-willem-breure-accessoireontwerpers-worden-vaak-gezien-als-de-underdogs-in-de-mode-industrie/ Jan-Willem Breure: "Accessoireontwerpers worden vaak gezien als de 'underdogs' in de mode-industrie"] ''Wees Meer'', 27 Gicurasi 2024.</ref> Ibi bihembo byashizweho kugira ngo bihe urubuga abashushanya ibikoresho by'imideli bakunze kwibagirana mu bindi birori by'imideli byibanda cyane ku myambaro gusa.<ref name="weesmeer"/> Iri shyirahamwe ryiyemeje kuba ijwi ry'abashushanya imideli bafite impano ariko bataramenyekana cyane (underdogs), rishimangira ubuhanga n'ubuhanzi buri mu gukora imitako n'ibikoresho bijyana n'imyambaro.<ref name="weesmeer"/><ref name="salto2026">[https://www.salto.nl/blog/isis-fashion-awards-2026/ Isis Fashion Awards 2026] ''SALTO'', 16 Kamena 2026.</ref> Ibirori bya mbere byabaye ku wa 10 Ukuboza 2022 i Rotterdam. Igihembo cyatanzwe na Sylvana Simons na Ruby Ketting Olivier.<ref name="salto2022"/> == Amatariki n'aho byabereye == * '''2022''' – 10 Ukuboza, Rotterdam.<ref name="salto2022"/> * '''2024''' – 1 Kamena, Diamond Plaza, Rotterdam. Akanama nkemurampaka kari kagizwe na Patricia Paay, Regilio Tuur, Maik de Boer na Maureen Powel.<ref name="nlmagazine"/><ref name="weesmeer"/> * '''2025''' – 8 Gicurasi, Amsterdam.<ref name="ondatv"/> Akanama nkemurampaka kari kayobowe na Donnalyn Bartolome.<ref name="playboy"/> * '''2026''' – 6 Gicurasi, De Koning Party & Events, Amsterdam. Iyi yari inshuro ya kane ibirori biba, n'inshuro ya kabiri bibera muri De Koning. Byatambutse kuri SALTO TV.<ref name="salto2026"/> == Imigendekere y'Ibirori == IFA ni ibirori by'umunsi umwe bigizwe n'ibiganiro ku itapi itukura, imyiyerekano y'imideli, n'umuhango wo gutanga ibihembo.<ref name="salto2022"/> Abashushanya bashobora kwerekana ubwoko bwinshi bw'ibikoresho, birimo inkweto, amasakoshi, amadarubindi, imitako, amasaha, imikandara, ingofero n'ibindi (gloves, scarves, masks).<ref name="salto2022"/><ref name="saltoprog">[https://www.salto.nl/programma/isis-fashion-awards/ Isis Fashion Awards (programu)] ''SALTO''.</ref> * '''Red Carpet:''' Itambayiro ry'umutuku aho abashushanya imideli, ibyamamare, n'abanyamakuru banyura berekana imideli.<ref name="salto2022"/> * '''Catwalk Show:''' Bitandukanye n'ibindi birori, IFA yibanda ku buryo ibikoresho (accessories) ari byo biba biri ku ntebe y'imbere. Aberekana imideli bagenda ku rubyiniro batambaye imyenda, bambaye ibikoresho gusa, kugira ngo amaso y'abantu yerekeze ku bikoresho.<ref name="ondatv"/><ref name="powned">[https://www.powned.tv/article/poedelnaakte-modeshow-prins-albert-weer-trending~1277/ Poedelnaakte modeshow: 'Prins Albert weer trending?'] ''PowNed'', 3 Kamena 2024.</ref> * '''Jury Review:''' Imyiyerekano igabanyijemo ibice by'iminota 20, nyuma ya buri gice akanama nkemurampaka gahita gatanga ibitekerezo ku bikoresho byerekanywe.<ref name="nlmagazine"/><ref name="weesmeer"/> * '''Imihango yo Guhemba:''' Abashushanya imideli batatu ba mbere batoranyijwe n'akanama nkemurampaka bahabwa igikombe cya zahabu gishushanya imana Isis.<ref name="nlmagazine"/><ref name="weesmeer"/> == Abatwaye Ibihembo Bazwi == Ibi bihembo bikurura abahanga mu mideli baturutse mu Burayi, Afurika, n'Aziya. Mu batsinze bazwi harimo: * '''Princess Margarita of Bourbon-Parme''' (De Parme Design) – Yegukanye umwanya wa mbere mu mwaka wa 2025. == Itangazamakuru == Isis Fashion Awards yagiye itambuka kuri televiziyo SALTO kuva mu 2022.<ref name="saltoprog"/> Ibirori kandi byavuzweho na ShowNieuws,<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20241226191513/https://www.shownieuws.nl/uitzendingen/shownieuws/KwsLlhAxtpm ShowNieuws] (uhereye ku munota wa 26:10).</ref> PowNed kuri NPO 3,<ref name="powned"/><ref>[https://npo.nl/npo3/zien-lekkere-wijven-bij-naakte-modeshow-win-winsituatie/02-06-2024/WO_POWN_20196823 PowNed] ''NPO 3'', 2 Kamena 2024.</ref> OndaTV mu Butaliyani,<ref name="ondatv"/><ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oyQfdBn2X48 Photojournalist Michele Isgrò in Amsterdam at the prestigious Isis Fashion Award] ''OndaTV Sicilia'' (YouTube).</ref> ikinyamakuru cyo muri Ukraine Plitky,<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20230416191618/https://plitky.online/moda/isis-fashion-awards-pokaz-oholenykh-aksesuariv-na-podiumi-5534/ Isis Fashion Awards] ''Plitky'' (yabitswe kuri Web Archive, 16 Mata 2023).</ref> na ''Playboy'' y'Ubuholandi, yanditse ku myiyerekano y'ikirango VoyeurX mu 2025.<ref name="playboy">[https://playboy.nl/artikel/644472/hoog-playboy-gehalte-bij-fetisj-primeur-op-de-nederlandse-catwalk Hoog Playboy-gehalte bij fetisj-primeur op de Nederlandse catwalk] ''Playboy'', 8 Nyakanga 2025.</ref> == Inshyakuvura == {{Reflist}} == Imiyoboro yo hanze == * [https://isisfashionawards.com/ Urubuga rwa Interineti rwa Isis Fashion Awards] ju1a4jfth7enyk5s3apougnci0jpung 148356 148351 2026-10-30T05:59:26Z Score Beethoven 11559 148356 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | title = Isis Fashion Awards | label1 = Ubwoko | data1 = Irushanwa ry'imideli | label2 = Igihugu | data2 = [[Ubuholandi]] | label3 = Uwarishinze | data3 = [[Jan-Willem Breure]] | label4 = Ibirori bya mbere | data4 = 10 Ukuboza 2022 | label5 = Urubuga | data5 = [https://isisfashionawards.com/ isisfashionawards.com] }} '''Isis Fashion Awards''' (IFA) ni irushanwa mpuzamahanga ry'imideli ribera mu [[Ubuholandi]]. Iri rushanwa ryibanda gusa ku bikoresho by'imideli (''accessories''), nk'inkweto, amasakoshi n'imitako. Isis Fashion Awards yashinzwe na [[Jan-Willem Breure]]. Ibirori bya mbere byabaye mu 2022. Ibirori bitambuka kuri televiziyo SALTO y'i [[Amsterdam]]. == Amateka == Isis Fashion Awards yashinzwe na [[Jan-Willem Breure]]. Jan-Willem Breure ni we kandi washinze [[Septimius Awards]].<ref name="weesmeer">{{Cite web |url=https://weesmeer.nl/jan-willem-breure-accessoireontwerpers-worden-vaak-gezien-als-de-underdogs-in-de-mode-industrie/ |title=Jan-Willem Breure: "Accessoireontwerpers worden vaak gezien als de 'underdogs' in de mode-industrie" |website=Wees Meer |date=2024-05-27 |language=nl |access-date=2026-10-30}}</ref> Breure avuga ko urugendo rwe ruva mu [[Rwanda]] rujya mu Buholandi rwamuhaye igitekerezo cy'ibi bihembo.<ref name="nlmagazine">{{Cite web |url=https://www.nlmagazine.nl/cultuur-uitgaan1/cultuur-uitgaan/4252-patricia-paay-jureert-tweede-editie-modeshow-isis-fashion-awards-voor-accessoire-ontwerpers-op-1-juni |title=Patricia Paay jureert tweede editie modeshow Isis Fashion Awards voor accessoire-ontwerpers op 1 juni |website=NL Magazine |language=nl |access-date=2026-10-30}}</ref><ref name="weesmeer"/> Abashushanya ibikoresho by'imideli ntibakunze kwitabwaho. Abantu bitaye cyane ku bashushanya imyenda. Isis Fashion Awards yashinzwe kugira ngo ibahe urubuga.<ref name="salto2022">{{Cite web |url=https://www.salto.nl/blog/isis-fashion-awards-de-modeshow-voor-accessoire-designers/ |title=Isis Fashion Awards – dé modeshow voor accessoire designers |website=SALTO |date=2022-12-23 |language=nl |access-date=2026-10-30}}</ref><ref name="weesmeer"/> Ni ryo rushanwa rya mbere mu Buholandi ryahariwe ibikoresho by'imideli gusa.<ref name="salto2022"/> Izina Isis rikomoka ku mana Isis y'Abanyamisiri ba kera.<ref name="nlmagazine"/><ref name="ondatv">{{Cite web |url=https://www.ondatv.it/38-ultime-notizie/45211-ondatv-in-olanda-per-gli-isis-fashion-adwards.html |title=OndaTV in Olanda per gli Isis Fashion Adwards |website=OndaTV |date=2025-05-05 |language=it |access-date=2026-10-30}}</ref> == Ibirori == * 2022 – Ibirori bya mbere byabaye ku wa 10 Ukuboza 2022. Igihembo cyatanzwe na Sylvana Simons na Ruby Ketting Olivier.<ref name="salto2022"/><ref name="plitky">{{Cite web |url=https://plitky.online/moda/isis-fashion-awards-pokaz-oholenykh-aksesuariv-na-podiumi-5534/ |title=Isis Fashion Awards – показ оголених аксесуарів на подіумі |website=Plitky |language=uk |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230416191618/https://plitky.online/moda/isis-fashion-awards-pokaz-oholenykh-aksesuariv-na-podiumi-5534/ |archive-date=2023-04-16 |url-status=dead |access-date=2026-10-30}}</ref> * 2024 – Ibirori bya kabiri byabaye ku wa 1 Kamena 2024 muri Diamond Plaza i Rotterdam. Akanama nkemurampaka kari kagizwe na Patricia Paay, Regilio Tuur, Maik de Boer na Maureen Powel.<ref name="nlmagazine"/><ref name="weesmeer"/> * 2025 – Ibirori byabaye ku wa 8 Gicurasi 2025 i [[Amsterdam]].<ref name="ondatv"/> Akanama nkemurampaka kari kayobowe na Donnalyn Bartolome.<ref name="playboy">{{Cite web |url=https://playboy.nl/artikel/644472/hoog-playboy-gehalte-bij-fetisj-primeur-op-de-nederlandse-catwalk |title=Hoog Playboy-gehalte bij fetisj-primeur op de Nederlandse catwalk |website=Playboy |date=2025-07-08 |language=nl |access-date=2026-10-30}}</ref> * 2026 – Ibirori bya kane byabaye ku wa 6 Gicurasi 2026 muri De Koning Party & Events i Amsterdam.<ref name="salto2026">{{Cite web |url=https://www.salto.nl/blog/isis-fashion-awards-2026/ |title=Isis Fashion Awards 2026 |website=SALTO |date=2026-06-16 |language=nl |access-date=2026-10-30}}</ref> == Imigendekere y'ibirori == IFA ni ibirori by'umunsi umwe. Bigizwe n'ibiganiro ku itapi itukura, imyiyerekano y'imideli n'umuhango wo gutanga ibihembo.<ref name="salto2022"/> Abashushanya berekana ubwoko bwinshi bw'ibikoresho. Muri byo harimo inkweto, amasakoshi, amadarubindi, imitako, amasaha, imikandara n'ingofero.<ref name="salto2022"/><ref name="saltoprog">{{Cite web |url=https://www.salto.nl/programma/isis-fashion-awards/ |title=Isis Fashion Awards |website=SALTO |language=nl |access-date=2026-10-30}}</ref> Aberekana imideli ntibaba bambaye imyenda. Baba bambaye ibikoresho gusa. Ibi bituma abantu bareba ibikoresho.<ref name="nlmagazine"/><ref name="ondatv"/><ref name="powned">{{Cite web |url=https://www.powned.tv/article/poedelnaakte-modeshow-prins-albert-weer-trending~1277/ |title=Poedelnaakte modeshow: 'Prins Albert weer trending?' |website=PowNed |date=2024-06-03 |language=nl |access-date=2026-10-30}}</ref> Imyiyerekano igabanyijemo ibice by'iminota 20. Nyuma ya buri gice, akanama nkemurampaka gatanga ibitekerezo.<ref name="nlmagazine"/><ref name="weesmeer"/> Abashushanya batatu ba mbere bahabwa igikombe cya zahabu gishushanya imana Isis.<ref name="nlmagazine"/><ref name="weesmeer"/> == Itangazamakuru == Isis Fashion Awards itambuka kuri televiziyo SALTO kuva mu 2022.<ref name="salto2022"/><ref name="saltoprog"/> Ibirori bya 2026 byatambutse kuri SALTO2 ku wa 25 Kamena 2026.<ref name="salto2026"/> Ibirori byavuzweho kandi n'ibindi bitangazamakuru. Muri byo harimo ShowNieuws,<ref name="shownieuws">{{Cite web |url=https://www.shownieuws.nl/uitzendingen/shownieuws/KwsLlhAxtpm |title=Shownieuws: Seizoen 2024 Aflevering 153 |website=Shownieuws |date=2024-06-01 |language=nl |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241226191513/https://www.shownieuws.nl/uitzendingen/shownieuws/KwsLlhAxtpm |archive-date=2024-12-26 |url-status=dead |access-date=2026-10-30}}</ref> PowNed,<ref name="powned"/> OndaTV yo mu [[Ubutaliyani|Butaliyani]],<ref name="ondatv"/><ref name="youtube">{{Cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oyQfdBn2X48 |title=Photojournalist Michele Isgrò in Amsterdam at the prestigious Isis Fashion Award |website=OndaTV Sicilia (YouTube) |language=en |access-date=2026-10-30}}</ref> ikinyamakuru Plitky cyo muri [[Ikerene]]<ref name="plitky"/> na ''Playboy'' y'Ubuholandi.<ref name="playboy"/> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [https://isisfashionawards.com/ Urubuga rwa Isis Fashion Awards] * [https://www.salto.nl/programma/isis-fashion-awards/ Isis Fashion Awards] kuri SALTO [[Ikiciro:Imideli]] [[Ikiciro:Ubuholandi]] 6xavbqh51wtrtjrdzkwhotr388nh5fe 0 21644 148322 134527 2026-10-29T19:01:23Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 148322 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Shampiyona y'Ubwongereza ya 2024–25''' ni shampiyona ya 48 ya [[Shampiyona y’ icyiciro cya mbere mu mupira w’amaguru mu Rwanda|shampiyona y'Ubwongereza]], shampiyona [[Umupira w’amaguru|y'umupira w'amaguru]] yo mu cyiciro cya mbere mu [[Rwanda]] . Shampiyona yatangiye kuri 15 Kanama 2024 irangira kuri 28 Gicurasi 2025. [[APR FC]] yambitswe igikombe, yegukana igikombe cyagatandatu yikurikiranya, [[Rayon sports fc|Rayon Sports]] iriku mwanya wakabiri. [[Muhazi United]] na [[Vision F.C. (Rwanda)|Vision FC]] nizo kipe zombi zavuye muri shampiyona y'Ubwongereza. <ref>{{Cite web |last= |date= |title=Rwanda 2024/25 |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesr/rwan2025.html |access-date=16 June 2025 |website=rsssf.org}}</ref> == Incamake y'igihembwe == Muntangiriro z'uyu mwaka w'imikino, kugeza mumpera za 2024, ikipe ya [[Rayon sports fc|Rayon Sports yari yiganjemo abakinnyi bayo ba Rayon Sports]], bari barimo bashakisha igikombe cyabo cyambere kuva mumwaka wa 2018-19. Nyuma y'imikino icumi, iyikipe yayoboye urutonde rw'abakinnyi ku manota atandatu imbere ya [[AS Kigali]], ahorutahizamu w'umunyasenegali [[Ngagne Fall]] ari wewayoboye abandi batsinze ibitego bitandatu. [[APR FC]], yatwaye ibikombe bitanu byabanje, yari kumwanya wagatanu muntangiriro z'Ukuboza, ariko yari imaze gukina imikino myinshi mike ugereranyije n'abo bahanganye. <ref>{{Cite web |last= |date= |title=Rwanda: Rayon Sport maintains the pace; APR gain ground at AS Kigali |url=https://www.panafricafootball.com/post/rwanda-rayon-sport-maintains-the-pace-apr-gain-ground-at-as-kigali |access-date=16 June 2025 |website=Pan-Africa Football |quote=Senegalese striker Ngagne Fall |archive-date=13 July 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250713132454/https://www.panafricafootball.com/post/rwanda-rayon-sport-maintains-the-pace-apr-gain-ground-at-as-kigali |url-status=dead }}</ref> Shampiyona yafashe ikiruhuko hagati mumwaka wa shampiyona muri Mutarama, Rayon Sports yariyoboye amanota atanu icyogihe nyuma y’uko yombi na APR yari ku mwanya wakabiri batsinzwe imikino yabo yanyuma mbere y’ikiruhuko, haba kuri [[Stade Huye|Sitade ya Huye]], [[Mukura Victory Sports]] na [[Amagaju FC|Amagaju]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=INGABIRE |first=FLORIEN |date=13 January 2025 |title=Rwanda Premier League: Shocking Defeats for Rayon Sports and APR FC in Huye District – Hobe News |url=https://hobenews.com/rwanda-premier-league-shocking-defeats-for-rayon-sports-and-apr-fc-in-huye-district/ |access-date=16 June 2025 |website=Hobe News |quote=Amagaju}}</ref> Amakipe abiri yambere yari arusha andi makipe menshi muriki cyiciro, AS Kigali yari kumwanya wa gatatu yarinyuma ya APR amanota atandatu mugihe cy’ikiruhuko. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Okwi |first=Isaac |date=23 January 2025 |title=Denis Omedi’s Three-Word Promise To APR Fans – NBS Sport |url=https://nbssport.co.ug/2025/01/23/denis-omedis-three-word-promise-to-apr-fans/ |access-date=16 June 2025 |website=NBS Sport |archive-date=9 August 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250809021814/https://nbssport.co.ug/2025/01/23/denis-omedis-three-word-promise-to-apr-fans/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Shampiyona yongeye gusubukurwa muri Gashyantare, aho APR yagabanyije amanota abirubwo amakipe yombi yahuraga kumukino wa kabiri w'umwaka kuya 9 Werurwe kuri Sitade Amahoro. Uyumukino warangiye ari 0-0 nta mpande zombi zabonye amahirwe menshi yo gutsinda. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Lusulire |first=Ronald |date=9 March 2025 |title=Rwanda Premier League: APR FC and Rayon Sports play out stalemate in Thousand Hills Derby |url=https://www.panafricafootball.com/post/rwanda-premier-league-apr-fc-and-rayon-sports-play-out-stalemate-in-thousand-hills-derby |access-date=16 June 2025 |website=Pan-Africa Football |archive-date=16 June 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250616163618/https://www.panafricafootball.com/post/rwanda-premier-league-apr-fc-and-rayon-sports-play-out-stalemate-in-thousand-hills-derby |url-status=dead }}</ref> Muri Mata, Rayon Sports yirukanye umutoza wayo Robertinho nyuma yo kunganya na Marine FC ibitego 2-2. Iyikipe yari imaze gukina imikino itatu gusa mw' icumi mbere y’iyo ngingo, kandi yatakaje umwanya wa mbere ku rutonde rw’amakipe yatsinzwe na APR. <ref>{{Cite web |last=www.igihe.org |date=14 April 2025 |title=Rayon Sports yahagaritse Robertinho na Mazimpaka André |url=https://mobile.igihe.com/imikino/football/Rayon-Sports-yahagaritse-Robertinho-na-mazimpaka-Andre |access-date=16 June 2025 |website=IGIHE |language=rw |quote=Marine FC |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250516210228/https://mobile.igihe.com/imikino/football/Rayon-Sports-yahagaritse-Robertinho-na-mazimpaka-Andre |archive-date=16 May 2025 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Nubwa mbere Rayon itarayobora urutonde kuva umwaka wa 2025 watangira. [[Claude Rwaka]], umutoza w’abagore wa Ryon wegukanye igikombe, yasimbuye Robertinho. <ref name="KeyMoments">{{Cite web |last=Gyimah |first=Edmund Okai |date=2 June 2025 |title=Key moments that defined 2024/25 Rwanda Premier League |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/26921/sports/football/key-moments-that-defined-202425-rwanda-premier-league |access-date=16 June 2025 |website=[[The New Times (Rwanda)|The New Times]]}}</ref> Kw' itariki ya 17 Gicurasi, umukino wa Bugesera na Rayon Sports wagombaga gusubikwa nyuma y'iminota 57 ubwo abafana ba Rayon batangiraga kwigaragambya nogutera ibisasu mukibuga. Icyo gihe Bugesera yariyoboye ibitego 2-0, [[Umar Abba]] akaba yari amaze gutsinda igitego cyakabiri binyuze muri penaliti iteye ubwoba, nyuma gato y'uko Rayon yangiwe penaliti yayo kugira ngigere kumukino. APR yatsinze umukino wayo kuruwo munsi, itsinda Gorilla FC igitego 1-0 - igitego kimwe rukumbi cyaje nogutsindwa na penaliti iteye ikibazo - kandi yatsinze amanota abiri kumwanya wa mbere w'ikipe. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Gyimah |first=Edmund Okai |date=17 May 2025 |title=Bugesera vs Rayon game halted amid fans protest as APR move top |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/26513/sports/football/bugesera-vs-rayon-game-halted-amid-fans-protest-as-apr-move-top |access-date=16 June 2025 |website=[[The New Times (Rwanda)|The New Times]]}}</ref> Umukino wa Bugesera na Rayon wasubukuwe nyuma y'iminsi ine, uhereye ahowari warasubitswe, kandi nubwo yatsinze igitego kumunota wa 84, yatsinzwe umukino ibitego 2-1. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Niyonyungu |first=Aloys |date=21 May 2025 |title=Bugesera FC Triumphs Over Rayon Sports in Resumed League Match {{! }} InyaRwanda.com |url=https://inyarwanda.com/en/news/bugesera-fc-triumphs-over-rayon-sports-in-resumed-league-match-1747840274228 |access-date=16 June 2025 |website=InyaRwanda.com}}</ref> Vision FC yabaye ikipe ya mbere yasezerewe kuri 13 Gicurasi nyuma y'umwaka umwe mucyiciro cyambere, nyuma yogutsindwa na Marines FC ibitego 2-1. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Gyimah |first=Edmund Okai |date=13 May 2025 |title=Match day 27 recap: Refereeing drama, steward on the spot, Vision FC relegated… |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/26391/sports/football/match-day-27-recap-refereeing-drama-steward-on-the-spot-vision-fc-relegated |access-date=16 June 2025 |website=The New Times}}</ref> Hanyuma APR FC yegukanye igikombe cya Premier League kuri 24 Gicurasi ubwo yatsindaga [[Muhazi United F.C.|Muhazi United]] igitego 1-0, mu gihe Rayon Sports yanganyije na Vision FC ku busa. Iyintsinzi yahaye APR amanota animbere ya Rayon hasigaye umukino umwe gusa ngo irangire. <ref name="NBSPORT">{{Cite web |date=25 May 2025 |title=Omedi’s APR Crowned Rwanda Premier League Champions – NBS Sport |url=https://nbssport.co.ug/2025/05/25/omedis-apr-crowned-rwanda-premier-league-champions/ |access-date=16 June 2025 |website=NBS Sport |archive-date=23 June 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250623005458/https://nbssport.co.ug/2025/05/25/omedis-apr-crowned-rwanda-premier-league-champions/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Intambara yokwirinda umwanya wakabiri wo kumanuka mu cyiciro cya kabiri yagiye kumunsi wanyuma, ubwo Amagaju yahuraga na Muhazi United, ifite amanota atatu imbere y'abo bahanganye. Amagaju yatsinze umukino ibitego 2-1, igabanya Muhazi ijya mucyiciro cyakabiri. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kamasa |first=Peter |date=28 May 2025 |title=Muhazi United relegated from Rwanda Premier League |url=https://www.msn.com/en-xl/africa/top-stories/muhazi-united-relegated-from-rwanda-premier-league/ar-AA1FF0hk |access-date=16 June 2025 |website=msn.com}}</ref> == Ingaruka == Igikombe cya APR cyaricya 23 muri rusange muri shampiyona y'u Rwanda - cyongereye agahigo kabo - ndetse n'igikombe cya 6 cyikurikiranya muntangiriro za 2020. <ref name="NBSPORT"/> Barangije kandi igikombe cya kabiri cya shampiyona n'igikombe, ndetse batwaye [[Rwandan Cup|igikombe cy'u Rwanda cyo]] muri 2024-25. <ref>{{Cite web |last= |date= |title=APR FC crowned 2024/2025 Rwanda Premier League champions |url=https://cecafaonline.com/apr-fc-crowned-2024-2025-rwanda-premier-league-champions/ |access-date=16 June 2025 |website=cecafaonline.com}}</ref> Umuhango wo gutanga ibihembo wabereye muri [[Kigali Convention Centre]] kuri 30 Gicurasi 2025, murwego rwoguha icyubahiro abakinnyi bagize uruhare runini mumwaka wa 2024-25. [[Niyigena Clement|Clement Niyigena]] womuri APR yegukanye igihembo cy'umukinnyi mwiza, [[Djibirl Ouattara]] womuri APR na [[Umar Abba]] womuri Bugesera nabo bari mumarushanwa yo guhatanira igihembo. Niyigena kandi yari yatwaye igihembo cy'umukinnyi w'irushanwa rya Kagame Interclub Cup 2024 mu ntangiriro z'umwaka wa shampiyona. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Gyimah |first=Edmund Okai |date=31 May 2025 |title=Niyigena wins Rwanda Premier League player of the season award |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/26869/sports/football/niyigena-wins-rwanda-premier-league-player-of-the-season-award |access-date=16 June 2025 |website=[[The New Times (Rwanda)|The New Times]]}}</ref> == Urutonde rwa shampiyona == == Amareferensi == {{Reflist}} dunag9mgonvj8p6toaptnnsahs39kyq 0 22206 148327 144750 2026-10-29T20:05:54Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 148327 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Imyambaro y'intore.jpg|thumb|263x263px|Imyambaro]] '''Abanyarwanda ba kera''' dukomokaho bari bafite uburyo bakoraga imyambaro bambara mubikoresho bitandukanye haba mu mpu z’[[inyamaswa]], mu bishishwa by’ibiti nk’ibivumu n’ibivovo by’[[insina]]. Bifashishaga ubumenyi gakondo mu gukora imyambaro myiza, yerekana indangagaciro z’umuco na kirazira hari imyambaro bari bafite twavuga.<ref>https://www.igihe.com/amakuru/mu-mateka/article/kera-habayeho-uko-ubucuruzi-bwakorwaga-mu-rwanda-mbere-y-umwaduko-w-ifaranga</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.igihe.com/twinigure/ubibona-ute/article/ese-koko-mu-rwanda-rwo-hambere-ntibambaraga |title=Archive copy |access-date=2026-10-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240715155012/https://www.igihe.com/twinigure/ubibona-ute/article/ese-koko-mu-rwanda-rwo-hambere-ntibambaraga |archive-date=2024-07-15 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>https://urwenya.wordpress.com/2015/01/23/uko-abanyarwanda-bambaraga-mbere-yumwaduko-wabazungu/</ref> == amoko == * URUYONGA – imyenda y’ingimbi, ikozwe mu ruhu rutoroshye. * Uruhu rw’inyana – imyambaro y’abasore n’abagabo, isobanura imbaraga n’ubudahangarwa. * INKANDA & IBICIRANE – imyambaro y’abagore, yoroshye kandi y’uburanga. * Uruhu rw’ingwe – imyambaro y’abami n’abatware, ikimenyetso cy’ubutware n’icyubahiro. == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Amadini gakondo]] [[Ikiciro:Amadini n'amatorero]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco w' U Rwanda]] {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rite]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco wacu]] h48g3n12yzhd05mrr0mtlwu2ec5p9gq 0 22210 148345 145063 2026-10-29T23:55:31Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 148345 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Naissance du Wetr.jpg|thumb|umuco]] '''Gushikisha mu Rwanda''', ni igikorwa cyo gusura [[abapfumu]] cyangwa abashitsi ufite intego yo kuraguza, gusobabanuza ibyahishwe, cyangwa kumenya ibizaba ukoresheje imbaraga z'imyuka itandukanye. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.igihe.com/twinigure/ubibona-ute/article/ese-koko-mu-rwanda-rwo-hambere-ntibambaraga |title=Archive copy |access-date=2026-03-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240715155012/https://www.igihe.com/twinigure/ubibona-ute/article/ese-koko-mu-rwanda-rwo-hambere-ntibambaraga |archive-date=2024-07-15 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Igikorwa == Gusjikisha ubundi bikunze gukorwa n'abashaka kuvugana n'abantu bapfuye cyangwa gushaka ubufasha mu bapfuye haba ibitekerezo, imbaraga cyangwa ibindi . == amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Amadini gakondo]] [[Ikiciro:Ukwemera]] {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rite]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco wacu]] h50qk2u7fl2oofzm788ptu972gtyei3 0 22838 148330 131872 2026-10-29T20:52:27Z NSHUTIYIMANA Moise 17987 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 148330 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river|name=Tano River<br>''Rivière Tanoé''|native_name=|native_name_lang=|name_other=|name_etymology=<!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP -->|image=The Tano River.jpg|image_size=|image_caption=|map=Bia - Tano - Ankobra OSM.png|map_size=|map_caption=South Ghana with the Tano|pushpin_map=|pushpin_map_size=|pushpin_map_caption=<!---------------------- LOCATION -->|subdivision_type1=Countries|subdivision_name1=[[Ghana]] and [[Ivory Coast]]|subdivision_type2=|subdivision_name2=|subdivision_type3=|subdivision_name3=|subdivision_type4=|subdivision_name4=|subdivision_type5=|subdivision_name5=<!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS -->|length={{convert|400|km|mi|abbr=on}}|width_min=|width_avg=|width_max=|depth_min=|depth_avg=|depth_max=|discharge1_location=[[Mouth]]|discharge1_min=|discharge1_avg=|discharge1_max=<!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES -->|source1=|source1_location=|source1_coordinates=|source1_elevation=|mouth=[[Atlantic Ocean]]|mouth_location=|mouth_coordinates={{coord|7|37|50|N|1|53|58|W|display=inline,title}}|mouth_elevation=|progression=|river_system=|basin_size=|tributaries_left=|tributaries_right=|custom_label=|custom_data=<ref>{{cite book |last1=Konadu |first1=Kwasi |last2=Campbell |first2=Clifford C. |title=The Ghana Reader |date=2016 |publisher=Duke University |location=Durham. North Carolina and London, England |isbn=978-0-8223-5992-0 |pages=39–40}}</ref>|extra=}}Uruzi rwa Tano cyangwa Tanoé ([[Igifaransa]]: Rivière Tano) ni uruzi rwo muri Gana. Rutemba mu birometero 400 uvuye mu mujyi witwa Traa, akarere ka Techiman, [[umurwa]] mukuru w’Akarere ka Bono k’Iburasirazuba muri Repubulika ya Gana ukagera kuri Ehy Lagoon, Tendo Lagoon hanyuma amaherezo Aby Lagoon muri Ivory Coast aho winjira mu Nyanja ya Atalantika. Uruzi rwa Tano rugize ibirometero bike bya nyuma by’umupaka mpuzamahanga w’ubutaka hagati ya Gana na Ivory Coast.[1][2] [3] Imyizerere y’abaturage kavukire ya Bond ivuga ko Taakora, imana nini cyane ya Bono ku Isi, ituye ku isoko y’uruzi.[1] Inyamaswa nke za nyuma za Miss Waldron's Red Colobus (Piliocolobus badius waldronae), imwe mu nyamaswa ziri mu kaga gakomeye ku isi, bikekwa ko ziba mu ishyamba riri hagati y'uruzi na Ehy Lagoon.[1] Hagati mu mwaka wa 2008, aka gace kateganijwe gutemwa n'Unilever, hagamijwe kugasimbuza imirima y'ibitoki.[2][3] Muri Mutarama 2020, ikamyo yari irimo aside sulfure nyinshi yaguye mu ruzi rwa Tano. Ku ya 13 Mutarama abaturage bagiriwe inama yo kutanywa amazi kubera umwanda. Kuva icyo gihe uruzi rwasubijwe uko rwari rumeze mbere.[1] == Reba kandi == * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7IB1GNP8Prw Uruzi rwa Tano] * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aXCcgllSV5A Gukama k'uruzi rwa Tano] * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q6QKc0Mz2DA Ibikorwa bya muntu byumutse uruzi rwa Tano] * Abaturage ba Tanoso ntibarya amafi mu ruzi rwa Tano <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} == Amareferensi == *   (2005): Update on the Search for Miss Waldron's Red Colobus Monkey. ''International Journal of Primatology'' '''26'''(3): 605–619. <small> </small> (HTML abstract) *   (2008): [http://www.wildvet.at/modules.php?op=modload&name=News&file=article&sid=193&mode=thread&order=0&thold=0 Tanoé Swamps Forest destruction by Unilever] . Version of 2008-MAY-28. Retrieved 2008-JUN-24. {{Rivers of Ghana}}{{Clear}} [[Ikiciro:Short description is different from Wikidata]] tqz909yphhxesn5evzdnpr16uqmyzxu 0 22958 148323 147525 2026-10-29T19:19:38Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 148323 wikitext text/x-wiki Itorero ry’Abadivantisiti b’Umunsi wa Karindwi ni rimwe mu matorero amaze igihe kirekire mu Rwanda, aho ryatangiye ibikorwa byaryo mu mwaka wa 1919 rizanwe n’abamisiyoneri Daniel Elie Delhove na Henry Monnier<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.igihe.com/imyemerere/amadini/article/ibyo-wamenya-ku-bakirisitu-ba-mbere-b-itorero-ry-abadivantisiti-mu-rwanda |title=Archive copy |access-date=2026-06-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260623154943/https://www.igihe.com/imyemerere/amadini/article/ibyo-wamenya-ku-bakirisitu-ba-mbere-b-itorero-ry-abadivantisiti-mu-rwanda |archive-date=2026-06-23 |url-status=dead}}</ref>Aba bagabo bageze i Kilinda muri Werurwe 1919 batangira umurimo w’ivugabutumwa, bakusanya abakirisitu bari barasizwe n’abamisiyoneri bari baravuye mu Rwanda nyuma y’intambara ya mbere y’isi yose. Nyuma baguye ibikorwa byabo hirya no hino mu gihugu, aho Delhove yerekeje i Nyanza agashinga Misiyoni ya Gitwe mu 1920, nyuma yo guhabwa ubutaka n’Umwami Musinga.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.igihe.com/imyemerere/amadini/article/ibyo-wamenya-ku-bakirisitu-ba-mbere-b-itorero-ry-abadivantisiti-mu-rwanda |title=Archive copy |access-date=2026-06-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260623154943/https://www.igihe.com/imyemerere/amadini/article/ibyo-wamenya-ku-bakirisitu-ba-mbere-b-itorero-ry-abadivantisiti-mu-rwanda |archive-date=2026-06-23 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Itariki ya 31 Kanama 2019 izahora yibukwa mu mateka y’Itorero ry’Abadivantisiti b’Umunsi wa Karindwi mu Rwanda, ubwo ryizihizaga isabukuru y’imyaka 100 rimaze ritangiye umurimo w’ivugabutumwa. Ibirori byabereye muri Stade Amahoro byitabiriwe n’ibihumbi by’abakirisitu baturutse hirya no hino mu gihugu, bashima Imana ku rugendo rurerure iri torero rimaze gukora kuva mu 1919<ref>https://igihe.com/imyemerere/amadini/article/itorero-ry-abadiventisiti-ryizihije-isabukuru-y-imyaka-100-rimaze-rishinzwe-mu</ref> Mu ntangiriro z’iri torero, abaturage bake ni bo bitabiriye ubutumwa bwaryo, ariko ibikorwa by’ivugabutumwa n’uburezi byatumye rikura vuba. Ruvugihomvu ni we Munyarwanda wa mbere wabatijwe muri Misiyoni ya Gitwe mu 1924 ahabwa izina rya Yohani, akurikirwa na Rukangarajunga Petero, mu gihe Nyirabigwagwa Mariya yabaye umugore wa mbere wabatijwe mu 1925<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.igihe.com/imyemerere/amadini/article/ibyo-wamenya-ku-bakirisitu-ba-mbere-b-itorero-ry-abadivantisiti-mu-rwanda |title=Archive copy |access-date=2026-06-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260623154943/https://www.igihe.com/imyemerere/amadini/article/ibyo-wamenya-ku-bakirisitu-ba-mbere-b-itorero-ry-abadivantisiti-mu-rwanda |archive-date=2026-06-23 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Umuyobozi ushinzwe itangazamakuru mu itorero, Yadusoneye Onesphore, yavuze ko uyu munsi ari umwanya wo gushimira Imana ku iterambere ry’itorero, by’umwihariko mu burezi, ubuzima n’imibereho myiza y’abaturage. Yagaragaje ko ibikorwa by’iterambere by’itorero birimo amashuri, ibitaro nka Mugonero, ndetse n’imishinga y’uburezi n’ubuzima byagize uruhare rukomeye mu guteza imbere igihugu.<ref>https://isimbi.rw/itorero-ry-abadiventisiti-mu-rwanda-rytangiye-umwaka-w-ijana-na-rimwe-w-urundi.html</ref> Mu bikorwa by’ingenzi byaranze uyu munsi harimo no kugaragaza imishinga ikomeye itorero ryagezeho, nk’ishuri rikuru ry’ubuvuzi riri i Masoro mu Karere ka Gasabo, ndetse n’icyicaro gikuru cy’itorero giherereye mu Mujyi wa Kigali. Hari kandi n’imibare igaragaza ko kugeza icyo gihe itorero ryari rifite abakirisitu barenga 962,766 hamwe n’insengero zigera ku 2,500 hirya no hino mu gihugu<ref>https://igihe.com/imyemerere/amadini/article/itorero-ry-abadiventisiti-ryizihije-isabukuru-y-imyaka-100-rimaze-rishinzwe-mu</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} t461v83mprg48qi9v8hdkzqx3cio19f 0 23165 148369 143166 2026-10-30T10:29:22Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 148369 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | title = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Zaza | image = [[Dosiye:ZazaGenocideMemorial16.jpg|280px]] | caption = Inkengero z'urwibutso (Kanama 2025) | label1 = Igihugu | data1 = [[Rwanda|u Rwanda]] | label2 = Intara | data2 = [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba|Iburasirazuba]] | label3 = Akarere | data3 = [[Akarere ka Ngoma|Ngoma]] | label4 = Umurenge | data4 = Zaza | label5 = Ubwoko | data5 = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside | label6 = Rwibuka | data6 = [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]] (1994) | label7 = Aho biherereye | data7 = {{Coord|-2.149231|30.435862|type:landmark_region:RW|display=inline}} }} '''Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Zaza''' ni urwibutso rwa [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994]]. Ruri i Zaza, mu [[Akarere ka Ngoma]], mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]] y'[[Rwanda|u Rwanda]]. Urwibutso rushyinguyemo imibiri y'abazize Jenoside bo mu mirenge myinshi. Muri Mata 1994, Abatutsi barenga 1&nbsp;000 biciwe kuri paruwasi ya Zaza. == Aho ruherereye == Urwibutso ruri mu Murenge wa Zaza, mu Karere ka Ngoma. Ako karere kari mu Ntara y'Iburasirazuba. Mu Karere ka Ngoma hari izindi nzibutso za Jenoside. Muri zo harimo [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kibungo - Ngoma|Kibungo-Ngoma]], [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Rukira|Rukira]] na [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Rukumberi|Rukumberi]].<ref name="CNLG2021">{{Cite web |title=Preparation and Execution of the Genocide against the Tutsi in Rwanda |url=https://francegenocidetutsi.org/GenocidePlanificationCnlgJanuary2021.pdf |website=France Génocide Tutsi / CNLG |year=2021 |language=en |access-date=2026-04-15}}</ref> {{Ikarita y'Inzibutso za Jenoside mu Rwanda}} Urwibutso rwa Zaza ni rumwe mu nzibutso za Jenoside ziri hirya no hino mu gihugu, zifite uruhare rwo gushyingura mu cyubahiro, kwibuka no kubika amateka.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Genocide Memorials |url=https://genocidearchiverwanda.org.rw/category/Memorials |website=Genocide Archive Rwanda |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> == Amateka == Zaza yari mu cyahoze ari Perefegitura ya Kibungo.<ref name="AA2024">{{Cite web |title=Rwanda: Kwibuka Timeline - April 10, 1994 - Church Sides With Killers |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/202404110045.html |website=AllAfrica |date=2024-04-11 |language=en |access-date=2026-10-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240411074650/https://allafrica.com/stories/202404110045.html |archive-date=2024-04-11 |url-status=dead}}</ref> === Ubwicanyi bwo kuri paruwasi ya Zaza === Perezida [[Juvénal Habyarimana]] amaze gupfa, ubwicanyi bwatangiye muri ako gace. Ku wa 8 Mata 1994, abarokotse ubwicanyi bw'i Sake bageze kuri paruwasi ya Zaza. Abatutsi benshi bahungiye muri kiliziya. Bizeraga ko bazahabona umutekano.<ref name="Humanite">{{Cite news |author=Jean Chatain |title=Massacre avec préméditation dans l'église de Zaza |url=https://francegenocidetutsi.org/MassacreEgliseZazaHumanite6juin1994.pdf |work=L'Humanité |date=1994-06-06 |page=17 |format=PDF |language=fr |access-date=2026-10-19}}</ref> Abicanyi bari Interahamwe za MRND n'Impuzamugambi za CDR. Bari bagera kuri 400. Bari barateguwe n'umudepite wa MRND Sylvain Mutaruka. Ingabo za Leta zarabashyigikiye. Abicanyi bari bafite urutonde rw'abagombaga kwicwa.<ref name="Humanite" /> Abicanyi binjiye muri kiliziya. Bahiciye nibura abantu 600. Abarokotse bahungiye mu Iseminari Nto ya Zaza. Abicanyi bongeye kubatera. Abantu batandatu gusa ni bo barokotse: abapadiri bane n'abahungu babiri.<ref name="Humanite" /> Inkomoko ntizivuga amatariki amwe. L'Humanité ivuga ko ubwicanyi bwatangiye ku cyumweru tariki ya 9 Mata. AllAfrica ivuga ko bwabaye hagati ya tariki ya 10 n'iya 11 Mata 1994. Ivuga ko Abatutsi barenga 1&nbsp;000 bahiciwe.<ref name="AA2024" /> Ubwo bwicanyi bwagizwemo uruhare n'abayobozi b'inzego z'ibanze.<ref name="CNLG2021" /> === Urwibutso === [[Dosiye:ZazaGenocideMemorial09.jpg|left|thumb|Amazina y'abazize Jenoside ku cyapa cy'urwibutso (Kanama 2025)]] Nyuma ya 1994, imibiri y'abazize Jenoside yataburuwe mu mirenge myinshi. Iyo mibiri yashyinguwe i Zaza. Imibiri myinshi yavuye mu mirenge ya [[Umurenge wa Mugesera|Mugesera]], Gashanda, Karembo na Zaza.<ref name="CNLG2021" /> Imihango yo kwibuka ihabera nibura kuva mu myaka ya 2000.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rwanda: Mass Grave 'Turns' Grazing Field |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/200604170114.html |website=AllAfrica |date=2006-04-15 |language=en |access-date=2026-04-15}}</ref> Mu mpera z'imyaka ya 2010, Akarere ka Ngoma kateganyije imirimo yo kurangiza no kuvugurura urwibutso.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Annex II-3: 2018-2019 Development Projects by District – Ngoma District |url=https://www.minecofin.gov.rw/index.php?eID=dumpFile&f=14281&t=f&token=3370836d528ec85465a2f3abe91704c5a6e60dca |website=MINECOFIN |language=en |access-date=2026-04-15}}</ref> == Kwibuka == Urwibutso rwa Zaza ni ahantu ho kunamira abazize Jenoside. Ni n'ahantu ho kubashyingura mu cyubahiro no kwigisha amateka ya Jenoside.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ngoma: Residents Urged to Teach Youth the Truth About the 1994 Genocide Against the Tutsi |url=https://trescapress.com/ngoma-residents-urged-to-teach-youth-the-truth-about-the-1994-genocide-against-the-tutsi/ |website=Tresca Press |date=2026-04-14 |language=en |access-date=2026-04-15}}</ref> Buri mwaka, imihango yo ''[[Kwibuka]]'' ihabera. == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Reba kandi == === Ingingo zijyanye === * [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994]] * [[Akarere ka Ngoma]] * [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Rukumberi]] * [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kibungo - Ngoma]] === Ihuza ryo hanze === {{Commonscat|Zaza Genocide Memorial}} * [[commons:Category:Zaza Genocide Memorial|Amafoto y'Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Zaza]] kuri Wikimedia Commons {{Palette Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda|state=uncollapsed}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Zaza, Urwibutso rwa Jenoside}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Ngoma]] [[Ikiciro:Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994]] 379ba5kbojtuqgd2zze9770qups4bz1 0 23215 148333 143184 2026-10-29T20:53:50Z NSHUTIYIMANA Moise 17987 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 148333 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Julius Maada Bio | image = Julius Maada Bio - 2023 (cropped).jpg | image_size = 220px | caption = Julius Maada Bio mu 2023 | birth_date = 12 Gicurasi 1964 | birth_place = Tihun, akarere ka Bonthe, [[Siyera Lewone]] | nationality = Umunyasiyeralewone | alma_mater = American University | occupation = Umusirikare, umunyapolitiki | title = Perezida wa [[Siyera Lewone]] | term = Kuva ku ya 4 Mata 2018 | predecessor = Ernest Bai Koroma | party = Sierra Leone People's Party (SLPP) | spouse = Fatima Bio (2013) | children = 4 }} '''Julius Maada Wonie Bio''' (yavutse ku ya 12 Gicurasi 1964 i Tihun) ni umusirikare mukuru wavuye mu ngabo akaba n'umunyapolitiki wa [[Siyera Lewone]], Perezida wa gatanu w'icyo gihugu kuva ku ya 4 Mata 2018. Afite ipeti rya burigadiye jenerali. Mu 1992, yari umwe mu basirikare bato bahiritse ubutegetsi bwa Perezida Joseph Momoh, maze mu 1996 ahirika mugenzi we Valentine Strasser, ayobora igihugu kuva ku ya 16 Mutarama kugeza ku ya 29 Werurwe 1996, afite imyaka 32 gusa, mbere yo gushyikiriza ubutegetsi Perezida watowe, Ahmad Tejan Kabbah. Nyuma yo kuva mu gisirikare, yabaye muri [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]], hanyuma agaruka muri politiki mu ishyaka rya Sierra Leone People's Party (SLPP). Yatsinzwe amatora ya perezida ya 2012, atsinda aya 2018, yongera gutorwa mu 2023. Ku butegetsi bwe, yashyizeho uburezi bw'ibanze n'ayisumbuye ku buntu kandi akuraho igihano cy'urupfu. Kuva muri Kamena 2025 kugeza muri Nyakanga 2026, yayoboye Umuryango w'Ubukungu w'Ibihugu bya Afurika y'Iburengerazuba (CEDEAO). == Ubuzima bwe bwa mbere n'amashuri == Julius Maada Wonie Bio yavutse ku ya 12 Gicurasi 1964 mu mudugudu wa Tihun, mu karere ka Bonthe, mu [[Intara y'amajyepfo|ntara y'Amajyepfo]] ya Siyera Lewone. Ni umwana wa 33 mu bana 35 b'umutware gakondo Charlie Bio II <ref name="F1">{{cite web |language=fr |title=Présidentielle en Sierra Leone : Julius Maada Bio, l'atout de l'opposition pour l'alternance |url=http://afrique.lepoint.fr/actualites/sierra-leone-election-qui-est-julius-maada-bio-le-candidat-de-l-opposition-30-03-2018-2206822_2365.php |access-date=2026-10-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190311201456/http://afrique.lepoint.fr/actualites/sierra-leone-election-qui-est-julius-maada-bio-le-candidat-de-l-opposition-30-03-2018-2206822_2365.php |archive-date=2019-03-11 |url-status=dead}}</ref>. Ni Umusherboro (''Sherbro'') <ref name="E2">{{cite web |title=Global African History |url=https://www.blackpast.org/global-african-history/people-global-african-history/julius-maada-wonie-bio-1964/ |website=Black Past}}</ref>, kandi ni Umukristo Gatolika <ref name="E3">{{cite web |author=Lansana Gberie |title=Maada Bio: A Profile Interview |url=http://www.thepatrioticvanguard.com/maada-bio-a-profile-interview |website=The Patriotic Vanguard |date=2011-01-07 |access-date=2018-04-05}}</ref>. Yatangiye amashuri abanza mu ishuri Gatolika rya Tihun, ayarangiriza i Pujehun, aho yabanaga na mukuru we Agnes wari umwarimu. Hanyuma yize imyaka irindwi mu ishuri ryisumbuye rya leta rya Bo (''Bo School''), ariharangiza mu 1984 <ref name="E3" /><ref name="F1" />. == Umwuga wa gisirikare == Mu 1985, Bio yinjiye mu ishuri rya gisirikare rya Benguema, hafi ya Freetown, arirangiza mu Ukwakira 1987 afite ipeti rya su-liyetona <ref name="E3" /><ref name="F1" />. Yakoreye mu birindiro bya Lungi no mu karere ka Kambia, mu mutwe wari ushinzwe kurwanya magendu ku mupaka na [[Gineya]] <ref name="E3" />. Mu 1990, yoherejwe muri [[Liberiya]] mu ngabo za CEDEAO zishinzwe kugarura amahoro (ECOMOG), mu gihe cy'intambara y'abenegihugu yari imaze kuduka muri icyo gihugu <ref name="F1" /><ref name="E3" />. Nyuma y'umwaka umwe, yagaruwe muri Siyera Lewone kurwanya inyeshyamba za Revolutionary United Front (RUF), zari zatangiye gutera imidugudu yo ku mupaka na Liberiya muri Werurwe 1991 <ref name="F2">{{cite web |language=fr |title=Sierra Leone: Julius Maada Bio, l'ex-putschiste de retour au pouvoir |url=https://information.tv5monde.com/afrique/sierra-leone-julius-maada-bio-l-ex-putschiste-de-retour-au-pouvoir-229922 |access-date=2026-10-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180406040407/https://information.tv5monde.com/afrique/sierra-leone-julius-maada-bio-l-ex-putschiste-de-retour-au-pouvoir-229922 |archive-date=2018-04-06 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="E3" />. == Kudeta n'ubutegetsi bwa gisirikare == Ku ya 29 Mata 1992, Bio yari umwe mu basirikare bato bayobowe na Kapiteni Valentine Strasser bahiritse ubutegetsi bwa Perezida Joseph Momoh, washinjwaga kuba yarateje intambara y'abenegihugu (1991–2002) <ref name="F3">{{cite web |language=fr |title=Julius Maada Bio, l'ex-putschiste qui a rendu le pouvoir aux civils en Sierra Leone |url=https://www.voaafrique.com/a/sierra-leone-julius-maada-bio-l-ex-putschiste-qui-a-rendu-le-pouvoir-aux-civils/4323711.html}}</ref><ref name="E3" />. Abo basirikare bashinze akanama ka gisirikare kayoboraga igihugu, National Provisional Ruling Council (NPRC), kayobowe na Strasser. Bio yabanje kuba umunyamabanga wa leta ushinzwe Amajyepfo i Bo, hanyuma ushinzwe itangazamakuru, nyuma aba visi-perezida wa NPRC <ref name="E3" />. Nyuma yaho, yasabye imbabazi ku iyicwa ry'abantu bagera kuri makumyabiri ryabaye muri iyo kudeta <ref name="F1" />. Ku ya 16 Mutarama 1996, Bio yayoboye kudeta yahiritse Strasser, nyuma y'amakimbirane mu buyobozi bwa NPRC ku bijyanye no kumvikana n'inyeshyamba za RUF mbere y'amatora y'amashyaka menshi yari ateganyijwe muri Werurwe 1996 <ref name="E4">{{cite web |author=Ambrose Ganda |title=Captain Strasser Is Ousted From Office |url=http://freespace.virgin.net/ambrose.ganda/Vol2_1.htm |website=Virgin.net |access-date=2018-04-05}}</ref>. Strasser yahise yoherezwa mu buhungiro i Conakry, muri Gineya <ref name="E4" />. Bio yagaruye amatora y'amashyaka menshi, maze muri Werurwe 1996 ashyikiriza ubutegetsi Ahmad Tejan Kabbah wari umaze gutorwa <ref name="F1" />. == Nyuma y'igisirikare == Nyuma yo kuva mu gisirikare mu 1996, Bio yimukiye muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Amerika, aho yabonye impamyabumenyi y'icyiciro cya gatatu (''master'') mu bibazo mpuzamahanga muri American University i Washington <ref name="E5">{{cite web |title=After Sierra Leone's President Took Office, His Wife and Her Family Went Real Estate Shopping |url=https://www.occrp.org/en/investigation/after-sierra-leones-president-took-office-his-wife-and-her-family-went-real-estate-shopping |website=OCCRP |date=2025}}</ref><ref name="F4">{{cite web |language=fr |title=Sierra Leone : Julius Maada Bio élu président 22 ans après son coup d’État |url=http://www.jeuneafrique.com/548406/politique/sierra-leone-julius-maada-bio-elu-president-22-ans-apres-son-coup-detat/}}</ref>. Yayoboye kandi ikigo cy'ubujyanama n'ishoramari cyitwa International Systems Science Corporation <ref name="E6">{{cite web |author=Times Reporter |title=Bio, is new Sierra Leone president |url=http://www.newtimes.co.rw/africa/bio-new-sierra-leone-president |website=The New Times (Rwanda) |date=2018-04-05 |access-date=2018-04-05}}</ref>. == Kugaruka muri politiki == Mu 2005, Bio yinjiye mu ishyaka rya SLPP, ariyamamariza kuriyobora mu nama yaryo yabereye i Makeni, aba uwa gatatu <ref name="E7">{{cite web |author=Sierra Leone State House |title=Vice President Berewa Leads SLPP |url=http://statehouse-sl.org/archives/september2005.html |website=The Republic of Sierra Leone, State House Online |date=2005-09-05 |access-date=2018-04-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070103064019/http://statehouse-sl.org/archives/september2005.html |archive-date=2007-01-03 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="F1" />. Mu 2011, yatowe nk'umukandida wa SLPP mu matora ya perezida ya 2012; yatsinzwe na Perezida Ernest Bai Koroma wari ku butegetsi, abona amajwi 37,4% kuri 58,7% ya Koroma, ariko ashimangira SLPP nk'ishyaka rikomeye ritavuga rumwe n'ubutegetsi <ref name="E8">{{cite web |author=APA-Freetown (Sierra Leone) |title=Sierra Leone: Opposition names ex junta head as standard bearer |url=http://apanews.net/index.php/en/news/sierra-leone-main-opposition-names-bio-as-flag-bearer |website=APANews.net |date=2017-10-16 |access-date=2018-04-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180406040739/http://apanews.net/index.php/en/news/sierra-leone-main-opposition-names-bio-as-flag-bearer |archive-date=2018-04-06 |url-status=dead}}</ref>. Nyuma yaho, yatangiye amasomo y'impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga mu bumenyi bw'amahoro muri Kaminuza ya Bradford, mu Bwongereza <ref name="E5" />. == Perezida wa Siyera Lewone == === Amatora ya 2018 === Mu cyiciro cya kabiri cy'amatora ya perezida cyabaye ku ya 31 Werurwe 2018, Bio yatsinze Samura Kamara wo mu ishyaka ryari ku butegetsi, All People's Congress (APC), n'amajwi 51,8% <ref name="F5">{{cite web |language=fr |title=Sierra Leone : le candidat de l’opposition remporte la présidentielle |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2018/04/05/sierra-leone-le-candidat-de-l-opposition-remporte-la-presidentielle_5280766_3212.html}}</ref><ref name="E9">{{cite web |author=Jaime Yaya Barry |title=Sierra Leone's Opposition Leader Is Sworn In as President |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/04/world/africa/sierra-leone-president.html |website=The New York Times |date=2018-04-04 |access-date=2018-04-05}}</ref>. Yarahiriye kuba perezida ku ya 4 Mata 2018, nubwo uwo bari bahanganye yamaganaga ibyavuye mu matora <ref name="F6">{{cite web |language=fr |title=Sierra Leone : l'opposant Julius Maada Bio remporte la présidentielle, son rival conteste le résultat - France 24 |url=http://www.france24.com/fr/20180405-sierra-leone-julius-maada-bio-remporte-presidentielle-kamara-opposant-consteste-resultat |website=France 24 |access-date=2018-04-05}}</ref>. === Politiki y'imbere mu gihugu === Mu kwezi kwe kwa mbere ku butegetsi, Bio yashyizeho uburezi bw'ibanze n'ayisumbuye ku buntu mu mashuri ya leta. Yahagaritse amasezerano y'inguzanyo ya miliyoni 400 z'amadolari yari yarasinywe na Koroma n'u[[Ubushinwa|Bushinwa]] yo kubaka ikibuga cy'indege mpuzamahanga gishya, kandi atangiza igenzura ry'amasezerano y'ubucukuzi n'ibigo bya leta byo ku butegetsi bwabanje. Guverinoma ye yashinje Koroma na guverinoma ye ruswa ikabije. Muri Gashyantare 2019, Bio yatangaje ibihe bidasanzwe kubera ubwiyongere bw'ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina, yongera ibihano ku cyaha cyo gufata ku ngufu; ibyo bihe bidasanzwe byavanyweho muri Kamena uwo mwaka <ref name="E11">{{cite web |language=en |author=Laura S. Martin |title=Taking stock one year after Sierra Leone's gender violence 'emergency' |url=http://theconversation.com/taking-stock-one-year-after-sierra-leones-gender-violence-emergency-130487 |website=The Conversation |date=2020-01-30 |access-date=2021-03-14}}</ref><ref name="E12">{{cite web |title=Sierra Leone's President Julius Maada Bio Shares Aspirations with Vietnamese Counterpart, Addresses Official State Dinner Marking His Visit |url=https://statehouse.gov.sl/sierra-leones-president-julius-maada-bio-shares-aspirations-with-vietnamese-counterpart-addresses-official-state-dinner-marking-his-visit/ |website=The State House |date=2022-03-15 |access-date=2022-03-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220316184456/https://statehouse.gov.sl/sierra-leones-president-julius-maada-bio-shares-aspirations-with-vietnamese-counterpart-addresses-official-state-dinner-marking-his-visit/ |archive-date=2022-03-16 |url-status=dead}}</ref>. Mu 2022, yatangaje ko guverinoma ye ishyigikiye umushinga w'itegeko wagura uburenganzira bwo gukuramo inda <ref name="E13">{{cite web |author=Emmanuel Akinwotu |title=Sierra Leone backs bill to legalise abortion and end colonial-era law |url=https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2022/jul/06/sierra-leone-backs-bill-to-legalise-abortion-and-end-colonial-era-law |website=The Guardian |date=2022-07-06 |access-date=2023-06-23}}</ref>. Muri Mutarama 2023, yasinye itegeko ry'uburinganire n'iterambere ry'[[Umugore|abagore]], risaba ko nibura 30% by'abakandida mu matora y'abadepite n'ay'inzego z'ibanze baba abagore <ref name="E14">{{cite web |language=en |title=President Bio signs landmark gender equality law – opening doors for more women in parliament – Welcome to the Sierra Leone Telegraph |url=https://www.thesierraleonetelegraph.com/president-bio-signs-landmark-gender-equality-law-opening-doors-for-more-women-in-parliament/ |date=2023-01-22 |access-date=2023-02-23}}</ref>. Abatavuga rumwe na we bamunenga kubera ubukungu bw'igihugu bwifashe nabi <ref name="E15">{{cite web |author=Kemo Cham |title=Sierra Leone gears up for presidential election amid economic crisis, looming protests |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-politics/sierra-leone-ap-julius-maada-bio-freetown-african-b2359660.html |website=The Independent |date=2023-06-18 |access-date=2023-06-23}}</ref>. Muri Kanama 2022, imyigaragambyo yatewe n'izamuka ry'ibiciro yasabaga ko yegura, ihitana abantu benshi <ref name="E16">{{cite web |author=Clarence Roy-Macaulay |title=Deadly anti-government protests erupt in Sierra Leone |url=https://apnews.com/article/africa-west-sierra-leone-julius-maada-bio-freetown-fb3b62ec79c0d7517850092b02e4edb8 |website=Associated Press |date=2022-08-10 |access-date=2023-06-23}}</ref>; Bio yayifashe nk'igerageza ryo guhirika ubutegetsi <ref name="E17">{{cite web |author=Umaru Fofana |title=Sierra Leone president says protests aimed to overthrow the government |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/sierra-leone-president-says-protests-aimed-overthrow-government-2022-08-12/ |website=Reuters |date=2022-08-13 |access-date=2023-06-23}}</ref>. === Ububanyi n'amahanga === Muri Nyakanga 2021, Bio yatumiwe mu nama mpuzamahanga ku burezi i Londres, kubera ibikorwa bye byo kwagura uburezi no guteza imbere ishuri ry'abakobwa <ref name="E19">{{cite web |author=Abdul Rashid Thomas |title=President Bio in London for Global Education Summit |url=https://www.thesierraleonetelegraph.com/president-bio-in-london-for-global-education-summit/ |website=The Sierra Leone Telegraph |date=2021-07-26}}</ref>. Muri Werurwe 2022, yasuye Viyetinamu <ref name="E20">{{cite web |title=Sierra Leone's President Julius Maada Bio and Delegation Sign Agreement With Vietnam Academy of Agriculture Sciences |url=https://statehouse.gov.sl/sierra-leones-president-julius-maada-bio-and-delegation-sign-agreement-with-vietnam-academy-of-agriculture-sciences/ |website=The State House |date=2022-03-20 |access-date=2022-03-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220320115640/https://statehouse.gov.sl/sierra-leones-president-julius-maada-bio-and-delegation-sign-agreement-with-vietnam-academy-of-agriculture-sciences/ |archive-date=2022-03-20 |url-status=dead}}</ref>. Muri Gicurasi 2023, yasabye ko intambara y'Uburusiya muri Ukraine ihagarara « ku bw'inyungu z'ikiremwamuntu » <ref name="E23">{{cite web |language=en |title=Sierra Leone: President Julius Bio urges end to Ukraine war for 'sake of humanity' |url=https://www.africanews.com/2023/05/18/sierra-leone-president-julius-bio-urges-end-to-ukraine-war-for-sake-of-humanity/ |website=Africa News |date=2023-05-18 |access-date=2023-06-11}}</ref>, avuga ko yizeye ko dipolomasi iyobowe n'abayobozi b'Afurika yafasha kuyirangiza <ref name="E24">{{cite web |language=en |author=Katarina Hoije |title=Sierra Leone's Bio Hopes African Mission Can End Ukraine War |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-06-10/sierra-leone-s-bio-hopes-african-mission-can-end-ukraine-war |website=Bloomberg |date=2023-06-10 |access-date=2023-06-11}}</ref>. === Amatora ya 2023 === Mu matora rusange yo muri Kamena 2023, Bio yongeye gutorwa ku cyiciro cya mbere n'amajwi 56,17%, imbere ya Samura Kamara <ref name="E25">{{cite web |title=Sierra Leone president wins re-election, says electoral commission. |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/sierra-leone-president-wins-re-elecion-says-electoral-commission-2023-06-27/ |website=Reuters |date=2023-06-28}}</ref>. Ariko indorerezi z'imbere mu gihugu n'izo mu mahanga zanenze kudakorera mu mucyo mu ibarura ry'amajwi, kandi Kamara yanze kwemera ibyavuye mu matora <ref name="E25" />. Iminsi mike mbere y'amatora, ku ya 21 Kamena 2023, imyigaragambyo yabereye imbere y'icyicaro cya APC yahitanye nibura umuntu umwe <ref name="E18">{{cite web |author=Umaru Fofana |title=Violence flares in Sierra Leone ahead of presidential vote |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/sierra-leone-president-maada-bio-seeks-re-election-amid-economic-woes-2023-06-21/ |website=Reuters |date=2023-06-21 |access-date=2023-06-23}}</ref>. === Jos Leijdekkers === Mu ntangiriro za 2025, ibinyamakuru byinshi byatangaje ko Jos Leijdekkers, [[Ubucuruzi Mpuzamahanga bw’Ibinyabuzima Bwenda Gucika|umucuruzi]] w'ikiyobyabwenge cya kokayine ukomoka mu Buholandi wakatiwe adahari igifungo cy'imyaka 24, yari amaze igihe aba muri Siyera Lewone <ref name="E26">{{cite web |title=Sierra Leone says investigating reports that Dutch drug kingpin took refuge |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/sierra-leone-says-investigating-reports-that-dutch-drug-kingpin-took-refuge-2025-01-26 |website=Reuters |date=2025-01-26 |access-date=2025-10-10}}</ref>. Hagaragaye amashusho amwerekana mu misa yabereye i Freetown ku ya 1 Mutarama 2025, yicaye inyuma ya Perezida Bio, ari kumwe n'umwe mu bakobwa ba Bio, bivugwa ko yashakanye na we <ref name="E26" /><ref name="E27">{{cite web |title=EU most wanted list |url=https://eumostwanted.eu/ |website=EU Most Wanted |access-date=2024-12-29}}</ref>. Leta y'Ubuholandi yagaragaje impungenge ku kuba abayobozi ba Siyera Lewone nta cyo bakoze ku bijyanye na we <ref name="E29">{{cite web |author=Africa Confidential |title=Freetown falls out with The Hague over cocaine |url=https://www.africa-confidential.com/article/id/15356/freetown-falls-out-with-the-hague-over-cocaine |website=Africa Confidential |access-date=2025-10-10}}</ref>. === Umuyobozi wa CEDEAO === Ku ya 22 Kamena 2025, mu nama y'abakuru b'ibihugu yabereye i Abuja, muri [[Nijeriya]], Bio yatorewe kuyobora CEDEAO <ref name="F7">{{cite web |language=fr |title=Julius Maada Bio, président de la Sierra Leone, élu président de la Cédéao - Radio France International |url=https://www.rfi.fr/fr/afrique/20250622-julius-maada-bio-pr%C3%A9sident-de-la-sierra-leone-%C3%A9lu-pr%C3%A9sident-de-la-c%C3%A9d%C3%A9ao |website=RFI |access-date=2025-06-23}}</ref><ref name="E30">{{cite web |title=Julius Maada Bio, president of Sierra Leone, elected president of ECOWAS |url=https://www.rfi.fr/fr/afrique/20250622-julius-maada-bio-pr%C3%A9sident-de-la-sierra-leone-%C3%A9lu-pr%C3%A9sident-de-la-c%C3%A9d%C3%A9ao |website=Radio France International |date=2025-06-22 |access-date=2025-06-23}}</ref>. Yasimbuwe kuri uwo mwanya na [[Bassirou Diomaye Faye]] muri Nyakanga 2026. == Ubuzima bwite == Bio ni Umukristo Gatolika <ref name="E33">{{cite web |language=en |title=Catholic church clears Maada Bio for tomorrow's state wedding, but more questions and cynicism provoked |url=https://cocorioko.net/catholic-church-clears-maada-bio-for-tomorrows-state-wedding-but-more-questions-and-cynicism-provoked/ |website=Cocorioko |date=2020-02-20 |access-date=2021-01-14}}</ref>. Umugore we, Fatima Bio, ni umukinnyi wa filime w'Umuyisilamu, ufite inkomoko muri [[Gambiya]] no muri Siyera Lewone. Bashyingiranwe mu 2013 i Londres, mu muhango wahuje amadini yombi; bafitanye umwana umwe. Bio afite abandi bana batatu yabyaye mu bushyingiranwe bwa mbere <ref name="E34">{{cite web |author=Abdul Rashid Thomas |title=Sierra Leone's presidential hopeful-weds in London |url=http://www.thesierraleonetelegraph.com/sierra-leones-presidential-hopeful-maada-bio-weds-in-london/ |website=Sierra Leone Telegraph |date=2013-11-08 |access-date=2022-01-18}}</ref>. Bamenyaniye mu 2012 i Londres <ref name="E5" />. == Amashakiro == {{reflist}} [[Category:Abagabo]] [[Category:Abaperezida]] [[Category:Abanyapolitiki]] [[Category:Abantu bakiriho muri Afurika]] 31c6zt3x9un35cigu36td1w09azc8w7 0 23238 148355 140961 2026-10-30T04:32:09Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 148355 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Laurent-Désiré Kabila | image = Visit of Laurent Désiré Kabila, President of the Democratic Republic of Congo, to the EC (cropped2).jpg | image_size = 220px | caption = Laurent-Désiré Kabila | birth_date = 27 Ugushyingo 1939 | birth_place = Jadotville (ubu ni Likasi), Kongo y'Ababiligi | death_date = 16 Mutarama 2001 (afite imyaka 61) | death_place = [[Kinshasa]], [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]] | nationality = Umunyekongo | occupation = Inyeshyamba, umunyapolitiki | title = Perezida wa [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]] | term = 17 Gicurasi 1997 – 16 Mutarama 2001 | predecessor = [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] | party = Parti de la révolution populaire (PRP), AFDL | spouse = Sifa Mahanya | children = 10 }} '''Laurent-Désiré Kabila''' (yavutse ku ya 27 Ugushyingo 1939 i Jadotville, ubu ni Likasi, apfa yishwe ku ya 16 Mutarama 2001 i [[Kinshasa]]), uzwi ku izina rya « ''Mzee'' » (« Umukambwe » mu Giswahili), yari inyeshyamba akaba n'umunyapolitiki w'Umunyekongo, Perezida wa gatatu wa [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]] kuva mu 1997 kugeza yishwe mu 2001. Yamenyekanye mu myaka ya 1960 nk'umwe mu barwanyaga ubutegetsi, mu myivumbagatanyo y'aba Simba, maze kuva mu 1967 kugeza mu 1986 ayobora agace k'inyeshyamba ka Fizi, mu Kivu y'Amajyepfo. Mu 1996, yabaye umuyobozi w'umutwe w'inyeshyamba wa AFDL, washyigikiwe n'u [[Rwanda]] n'[[Ubugande]], wahiritse [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] mu ntambara ya mbere ya Kongo, maze ahindura izina ry'igihugu, Zayire, kigasubirana izina rya Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo. Mu 1998, yategetse ingabo z'amahanga kuva mu gihugu, bituma intambara ya kabiri ya Kongo itangira. Muri Mutarama 2001, yiciwe n'umwe mu barinzi be, maze asimburwa n'umuhungu we, Joseph Kabila. == Ubuzima bwe bwa mbere == Kabila yavukiye i Jadotville (ubu ni Likasi), muri Katanga, nubwo andi masoko avuga ko yavukiye i Baudouinville (ubu ni Moba) <ref name="F1">{{cite web |language=en |title=Laurent Kabila |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Laurent-Kabila |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |access-date=2019-09-28}}</ref><ref name="E3">{{cite web |author=Erik Kennes |title=Essai biographique sur Laurent Désiré Kabila: Cahiers 57-58-59 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JlMKDV-koBsC |website=Editions L'Harmattan |date=2003-10-01 |access-date=2021-06-24}}</ref>. Se yari Umuluba, nyina akaba Umulunda. Yize amashuri yisumbuye i Élisabethville (ubu ni Lubumbashi); bivugwa ko yize no mu mahanga, i Paris, Tachkent, Belgrade cyangwa Dar es Salaam, ariko nta bimenyetso byabyo byabonetse <ref name="F2">{{cite web |language=fr |title=L'obscur M. Kabila |url=http://www.lexpress.fr/actualite/monde/afrique/l-obscur-m-kabila_493335.html |website=L'Express |date=1998-06-25}}</ref><ref name="E4">{{cite web |title=L'obscur M. Kabila |url=http://www.lexpress.fr/actualite/monde/afrique/l-obscur-m-kabila_493335.html |website=L'Express |date=1998-06-25 |access-date=2016-07-24}}</ref>. == Ibikorwa bya politiki n'inyeshyamba == Nyuma y'ubwigenge bwa Kongo mu 1960, ubwo Katanga yiyomoraga iyobowe na Moïse Tshombe, Kabila yari umwe mu bayobozi b'urubyiruko rw'ishyaka Balubakat, rwarwanyije uko kwiyomora. Mu 1963, yinjiye mu Komite y'Igihugu yo Kwibohora (CNL), ihuriro ry'abashyigikiye Patrice Lumumba, maze yoherezwa mu burasirazuba bwa Kongo gutegura imyivumbagatanyo, yari igice cy'iyitwaga iy'aba Simba. Mu 1965, yahuye n'impinduramatwara w'Umunyakiba Che Guevara, wari waje gufasha inyeshyamba; Guevara yavuze ko Kabila yari afite imico y'umuyobozi w'abaturage, ariko amunenga kutagaragaza ubushake buhagije mu mpinduramatwara no gukunda kuba kure y'urugamba <ref name="E5">{{cite web |title=Mfi Hebdo |url=http://www.rfi.fr/Fichiers/MFI/PolitiqueDiplomatie/2264.asp |website=RFI |date=2009-07-06 |access-date=2010-05-02}}</ref><ref name="E6">{{cite web |title=Laurent Kabila |url=https://www.economist.com/obituary/2001/01/18/laurent-kabila |website=The Economist |access-date=2016-05-25}}</ref>. Mu 1967, Kabila yashinze ishyaka rya Parti de la révolution populaire (PRP), maze ashyiraho mu misozi ya Fizi-Baraka, muri Kivu y'Amajyepfo, agace kigenga kayoborwaga n'ibitekerezo bya gikomunisiti, gashyigikiwe n'u[[Ubushinwa|Bushinwa]]. Yashinjwe kwigwizaho umutungo binyuze mu bucuruzi bwa zahabu n'amahembe y'inzovu. Ako gace karasenyutse mu myaka ya 1980, maze Kabila ararigiswa. Muri icyo gihe, yagiranye umubano n'abayobozi b'akarere, barimo [[Yoweri Museveni]] na [[Julius Nyerere]], bamumenyekanishije kuri [[Paul Kagame]] <ref name="E7">{{cite web |title=Mfi Hebdo |url=http://www.rfi.fr/Fichiers/MFI/PolitiqueDiplomatie/2264.asp |website=RFI |date=2009-07-06 |access-date=2019-06-02}}</ref>. == Intambara ya mbere ya Kongo == Nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda mu 1994, abasirikare n'abarwanyi bayigizemo uruhare bahungiye muri Zayire, bituma inkambi z'impunzi zo ku mupaka ziba ibirindiro by'abarwanyi bashakaga gusubira gutera u Rwanda. Leta y'u Rwanda yafataga izo nkambi nk'ikibazo gikomeye cy'umutekano <ref name="E8">{{cite web |author=Antoine Lokongo |title=The suffering of Congo |url=https://web-b-ebscohost-com.ezproxy1.lib.asu.edu/ehost/detail/detail?vid=6&sid=086db21c-cbe3-4424-8372-8050f2e512a3%40sessionmgr103&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZSZzY29wZT1zaXRl#AN=3520628&db=aph |website=New African |date=September 2000 |access-date=2020-12-13}}</ref>. Mu Ukwakira 1996, umutwe wa Alliance des forces démocratiques pour la libération du Congo-Zaïre (AFDL) washinzwe n'abanyapolitiki bane b'Abanyekongo bari mu buhungiro, ushyigikiwe n'u Rwanda, Ubugande na Angola; Kabila yabanje kuba umuvugizi wawo, hanyuma muri Mutarama 1997 aba umuyobozi wawo <ref name="F3">{{cite web |language=fr |author=Jean-Claude Willame |title=Laurent Désiré Kabila : les origines d’une anabase |url=http://www.politique-africaine.com/numeros/pdf/072068.pdf |website=Politique africaine |date=1998 |access-date=2026-10-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220818081327/http://www.politique-africaine.com/numeros/pdf/072068.pdf |archive-date=2022-08-18 |url-status=dead}}</ref>. Mu mezi make, AFDL yigaruriye igihugu hafi cyose <ref name="E9">{{cite web |author=J. Tyler Dickovick |title=The World Today Series: Africa 2012 |url=https://archive.org/details/africa20120000dick |website=Stryker-Post Publications}}</ref>. Nyuma y'ibiganiro by'amahoro byananiranye, Mobutu yahunze igihugu ku ya 16 Gicurasi 1997 <ref name="E10">{{cite web |language=en |author=Lynne Duke |title=Zaire's Mobutu Cedes Power, Flees Capital |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1997/05/17/zaires-mobutu-cedes-power-flees-capital/e6580be5-baa9-44a3-ac3e-41323f26ac91/ |website=The Washington Post |date=1997-05-17 |access-date=2025-07-21}}</ref>, maze ku ya 17 Gicurasi Kabila yitangaza Perezida. Yahinduye izina ry'igihugu, Zayire, kigasubirana izina rya Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo, maze arahira ku ya 29 Gicurasi 1997 <ref name="E11">{{cite web |language=en |author=James McBride, Mariel Ferragamo |title=Timeline: Eastern Congo: A Legacy of Intervention |url=https://www.cfr.org/timeline/eastern-congo-legacy-intervention |website=Council on Foreign Relations |access-date=2025-07-21}}</ref>. == Perezida (1997–2001) == Kabila yatangaje ko amatora atazaba mbere y'imyaka ibiri. Nubwo bamwe mu bihugu by'Iburengerazuba babanje kumufata nk'umuyobozi w'« igisekuru gishya », abamunenga bavugaga ko imiyoborere ye itandukanye gake n'iya Mobutu, irangwa n'igitugu, ruswa n'ihohoterwa ry'uburenganzira bwa muntu, ndetse ko yashakaga gushyiraho umuco wo kumuramya <ref name="E12">{{cite web |author=Robert Edgerton |title=The Troubled Heart of Africa: A History of the Congo |url=https://archive.org/details/troubledheartofa00edge |website=St. Martin's Press |date=2002-12-18}}</ref>. Yafunze abatavuga rumwe n'ubutegetsi, barimo Étienne Tshisekedi, n'abanyamakuru. Muri Nyakanga 1998, Kabila yategetse ingabo z'u Rwanda n'iz'Ubugande zari zaramufashije gufata ubutegetsi kuva mu gihugu. Ibyo byatumye intambara ya kabiri ya Kongo itangira: u Rwanda n'Ubugande byashyigikiye imitwe y'inyeshyamba ya Rassemblement congolais pour la démocratie (RCD) na Mouvement de libération du Congo (MLC), mu gihe Angola, Namibiya na Zimbabwe byashyigikiye Kabila. Mu 1999, yasheshe AFDL, ashyiraho Komite z'ubutegetsi bw'abaturage (CPP). == Iyicwa rye == Ku ya 16 Mutarama 2001, Kabila yarasiwe mu biro bye, mu ngoro ya Palais de Marbre i Kinshasa, n'umwe mu barinzi be, Rashidi Mizele, wahise yicwa <ref name="E13">{{cite web |author=Stuart Jeffries |title=Revealed: how Africa's dictator died at the hands of his boy soldiers |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2001/feb/11/theobserver |website=The Guardian |date=2001-02-11 |access-date=2018-12-30}}</ref>. Guverinoma yatangaje ko yari akiri muzima ubwo yajyanwaga kuvurirwa muri Zimbabwe, maze itangaza urupfu rwe ku ya 18 Mutarama <ref name="E14">{{cite web |title=Official SADC Trade, Industry, and Investment Review |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FmfvAAAAMAAJ |website=Southern African Marketing Company |access-date=2021-05-17}}</ref>; ariko Minisitiri w'Ubuzima wari uhari yavuze ko yapfiriye aho. Nyuma y'icyumweru, umurambo we wagaruwe muri Kongo, maze umuhungu we, Joseph Kabila, aba Perezida ku ya 26 Mutarama 2001 <ref name="E15">{{cite web |author=Norimitsu Onishi |title=Glimpse of New President as Joseph Kabila Takes Oath in Congo |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/01/27/world/glimpse-of-new-president-as-joseph-kabila-takes-oath-in-congo.html |website=The New York Times |date=2001-01-27 |access-date=2018-05-22}}</ref>. Iperereza ryatumye abantu 135, barimo abana bane, baburanishwa n'urukiko rwa gisirikare; mu Mutarama 2003, Koloneli Eddy Kapend, mubyara wa Kabila wafatwaga nk'uwayoboye umugambi, n'abandi 25 bakatiwe igihano cy'urupfu, kitigeze gishyirwa mu bikorwa <ref name="E16">{{cite web |title=Murder in Kinshasa |url=http://www.aljazeera.com/programmes/2011/10/20111027131838717148.html |website=Al Jazeera |access-date=2016-05-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170314123026/http://www.aljazeera.com/programmes/2011/10/20111027131838717148.html |archive-date=2017-03-14 |url-status=dead}}</ref>. Abantu benshi bemeza ko urwo rubanza rwaranzwe n'amakosa, kandi ko benshi mu bakatiwe bari abere <ref name="E16" /><ref name="E17">{{cite web |language=fr |author=Arnaud Zajtman |title=Zone d'ombre autour d'un assassinat |website=France 24 |url=http://www.france24.com/fr/20100125-focus-rdc-justice-assassinat-republique-democratique-du-congo-kabila}}</ref>. Muri Mutarama 2021, Perezida [[Félix Tshisekedi]] yababariye abakatiwe bose, barimo Eddy Kapend <ref name="F6">{{cite web |language=fr |author=Stanis Bujakera Tshiamala |title=Assassinat de Laurent-Désiré Kabila : Félix Tshisekedi gracie tous les condamnés |url=https://www.jeuneafrique.com/1098490/societe/assassinat-de-laurent-desire-kabila-felix-tshisekedi-gracie-tous-les-condamnes/ |website=Jeune Afrique |date=2021-01-01}}</ref><ref name="E18">{{cite web |author=Stanis Bujakera Tshiamala |title=DRC: Tshisekedi pardons those convicted in the killing of Laurent-Désiré Kabila |url=https://www.theafricareport.com/57205/drc-tshisekedi-pardons-those-convicted-in-killing-of-laurent-desire-kabila/ |website=The Africa Report |date=2021-01-05 |access-date=2022-02-08}}</ref>. == Ubuzima bwite == Kabila yashakanye na Sifa Mahanya, babyarana abana benshi, barimo impanga Joseph na Jaynet Kabila. == Amashakiro == {{reflist}} [[Category:Abagabo]] [[Category:Abaperezida]] [[Category:Abanyapolitiki]] [[Category:Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]] k2pp8svrkpei0dani2ztskqrpzmbdf9 0 23530 148336 142234 2026-10-29T21:02:27Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 148336 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Speciesbox | genus = Brugmansia | species = suaveolens | authority = (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Sweet | synonyms = ''Datura suaveolens'' Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd. | image = Brugmansia suaveolens - zhank puttra 2019.jpg | image_caption = Indabo za ''Brugmansia suaveolens'' }} '''''Brugmansia suaveolens''''' (mu Kinyarwanda ''ikibutibuti'', mu Gifaransa ''trompette des anges'' cyangwa ''trompette du jugement dernier'', mu Cyongereza ''angel's trumpet'') ni ubwoko bw'igihuru cyangwa igiti gito cyo mu muryango wa ''Solanaceae'', umuryango urimo n'[[Ikirayi|ibirayi]] n'[[inyanya]]. Gikomoka mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba bwa [[Burezile]]. Kizwi kubera indabo zacyo nini zimeze nk'impanda zitendera, z'umweru, iz'umuhondo cyangwa iz'iroza, zihumura cyane nijoro. Giterwa henshi ku isi nk'ikimera cy'imitako, harimo no mu [[Rwanda]]. Ibice byacyo byose ni uburozi bukomeye. == Izina == Ubu bwoko bwasobanuwe bwa mbere ku izina rya ''Datura suaveolens'', nyuma y'ubushakashatsi bwa Alexander von Humboldt na Aimé Bonpland muri Amerika y'Amajyepfo; mu 1818 Robert Sweet abushyira mu bwoko ''Brugmansia''.<ref name="powo" /> Izina ''suaveolens'' risobanura mu Kilatini « gihumura neza ».<ref name="rhs" /> == Imiterere == [[File:Angel Trumpets shrub -- Brugmansia suaveolens.jpg|thumb|left|Igihuru cya ''Brugmansia suaveolens'' kirabije.]] ''Brugmansia suaveolens'' ni igihuru kitari igiti gikomeye, kireshya na metero 3 kugeza kuri 5, akenshi gifite igihimba kigabanyijemo amashami menshi. Amababi yacyo ni maremare ameze nk'igi, ashobora kugera kuri santimetero 25 z'uburebure na 15 z'ubugari.<ref name="preissel" /> Indabo zacyo zireshya na santimetero 24 kugeza kuri 32, zimeze nk'impanda ifite imitwe itanu migufi ihetamiye hanze. Ku manywa zitendera zifunze igice, nijoro zigafunguka neza kandi zigahumura kugira ngo zikurure ibinyugunyugu bya nijoro bizitera intanga.<ref name="preissel" /> Igiti gito gikura gifite uruti rumwe, kikazarabya ari uko kimaze kugira ishami rya mbere ku burebure bwa santimetero 80 kugeza kuri 150.<ref name="preissel" /> == Aho kiboneka == Gikomoka mu mashyamba y'imvura yo ku nkombe z'inyanja mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba bwa Burezile, kuva muri leta ya Bahia kugeza muri Rio Grande do Sul.<ref name="powo" /> Abantu bakijyanye mu bihugu byinshi bishyuha, birimo u [[Rwanda]], [[Ubugande]], [[Kenya]], [[Tanzaniya]], [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]], [[Etiyopiya]] na [[Madagasikari]].<ref name="powo" /> == Uburozi n'imikoreshereze == Ibice byose by'iki kimera, cyane cyane imbuto n'amababi, birimo ''alkaloïdes'' zo mu bwoko bwa ''tropane'' nka scopolamine (hyoscine), zitera ibibonekerwa, umutima utera cyane n'ubundi burozi bushobora kwica.<ref name="evans" /><ref name="ines" /> Mu Rwanda, mu [[Ubuvuzi gakondo|buvuzi gakondo]] bwakoreshwaga mu kuvura [[Indwara zo mu mutwe|indwara zo mu mutwe]], kandi giterwa nk'ikimera cy'imitako.<ref name="ines" /> Ubushakashatsi bwakorewe ku mbeba bwerekanye ko ibivuye mu ndabo zacyo bigabanya ububabare.<ref name="parker" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist|refs= <ref name="powo">{{Cite web |title=Brugmansia suaveolens (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Sweet |url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77109576-1 |website=Plants of the World Online |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew |access-date=2026-10-15 |language=en}}</ref> <ref name="rhs">{{Cite book |last=Harrison |first=Lorraine |title=RHS Latin for Gardeners |year=2012 |publisher=Mitchell Beazley |location=United Kingdom |isbn=978-1845337315 |language=en}}</ref> <ref name="preissel">{{Cite book |author1=Preissel, U. |author2=Preissel, H.-G. |title=Brugmansia and Datura: Angel's Trumpets and Thorn Apples |publisher=Firefly Books |year=2002 |location=Buffalo, New York |pages=106–129 |isbn=978-1-55209-598-0 |language=en}}</ref> <ref name="evans">{{Cite journal |author1=Evans, W. C. |author2=Lampard, J. F. |year=1972 |title=Alkaloids of Datura suaveolens |journal=Phytochemistry |volume=11 |issue=11 |pages=3293–3298 |doi=10.1016/S0031-9422(00)86392-X |language=en}}</ref> <ref name="ines">{{Cite web |title=Brugmansia suaveolens |url=https://medicinalplantsofrwanda.ines.ac.rw/plant_details.php?id=241 |website=Medicinal Plants of Rwanda |publisher=INES-Ruhengeri |access-date=2026-10-15 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240916235936/https://medicinalplantsofrwanda.ines.ac.rw/plant_details.php?id=241 |archive-date=2024-09-16 |url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="parker">{{Cite journal |author1=Parker, A. G. |author2=Peraza, G. G. |author3=Sena, J. |display-authors=etal |title=Antinociceptive Effects of the Aqueous Extract of Brugmansia suaveolens Flowers in Mice |journal=Biological Research for Nursing |year=2007 |volume=8 |issue=3 |pages=234–239 |doi=10.1177/1099800406293984 |pmid=17172322 |language=en}}</ref> }} == Reba kandi == === Ingingo zijyanye === * [[Nerium oleander]], [[Allamanda cathartica]] na [[Plumeria rubra]], ibindi bimera by'imitako bifite uburozi * [[Tecoma stans]] === Ihuza ryo hanze === * [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Brugmansia_suaveolens Amafoto ya ''Brugmansia suaveolens''] kuri Wikimedia Commons [[Ikiciro:Ibimera]] [[Ikiciro:Indabo]] 0ei4w9y8a7vg320xocr5jwi7u8a644x 0 23542 148343 142252 2026-10-29T22:11:38Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 148343 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Speciesbox | genus = Dombeya | species = torrida | authority = (J.F.Gmel.) Bamps (1962) | synonyms = ''Walcuffa torrida'' J.F.Gmel.<br />''Dombeya goetzenii'' K.Schum. | image = Luigi Balugani - Valkoffa (Dombeya torrida) - B1977.14.8966 - Yale Center for British Art.jpg | image_caption = Ishusho ya ''Dombeya torrida'' yashushanyijwe na Luigi Balugani (ikinyejana cya 18) }} '''''Dombeya torrida''''' (mu Kinyarwanda ''umukore'') ni ubwoko bw'igiti cyo mu muryango wa ''Malvaceae'', gikomoka mu misozi miremire ya [[Afurika]] y'Iburasirazuba, harimo n'u [[Rwanda]], no mu majyepfo y'umwigimbakirwa wa Arabiya. Ni igiti cyo mu mashyamba y'imisozi miremire, kizwi kubera indabo zacyo nyinshi z'umweru cyangwa iroza zifite ubuki bwinshi. Gikoreshwa nk'inkwi, mu bwubatsi no mu buvuzi gakondo. == Imiterere == ''Dombeya torrida'' ni igihuru cyangwa igiti gifite amashami menshi, gishobora kugera kuri metero 12 kugeza kuri 15, gifite ikamba rimeze nk'umutaka. Igishishwa cyacyo ni ikijuju kandi kirashashagirana; imbere ni ikigina kirimo imigozi myinshi.<ref name="icraf-eth" /> Amababi yacyo ni manini, afite ubwoya, ameze nk'umutima, ashobora kugera kuri santimetero 30, afite inkombe zimeze nk'amenyo. Indabo zacyo z'umweru cyangwa iroza ziri mu mitwe minini; buri rurabo rufite ibibabi bitanu n'umutima w'umutuku wijimye. Iyo zumye, ibibabi bisigara bizengurutse imbuto bigahinduka ikigina.<ref name="icraf-eth" /> == Aho kiboneka == Gikomoka mu Rwanda, [[Uburundi]], [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]], [[Ubugande]], [[Kenya]], [[Tanzaniya]], [[Malawi]], [[Zambiya]], [[Etiyopiya]], [[Eritereya]], [[Sudani]], [[Yemeni]] na [[Arabiya Sawudite]].<ref name="powo" /> Kiboneka mu mashyamba atoshye yo mu misozi miremire, ku butumburuke bwa metero 1&nbsp;600 kugeza kuri 3&nbsp;400.<ref name="icraf-eth" /> Mu Rwanda, kiboneka mu turere tw'imisozi miremire, ku butumburuke bwa metero 1&nbsp;800 kugeza ku 3&nbsp;000, harimo i Gishwati no mu [[Akarere ka Bugesera|Bugesera]]. Giterwa mu mirima no ku miringoti irwanya isuri.<ref name="icraf-rw" /> == Imikoreshereze == Igiti cyacyo gikoreshwa nk'[[inkwi]], mu gukora [[amakara]], mu bwubatsi no mu gukora ibikoresho by'ubuhinzi. Indabo zacyo zifitiye akamaro [[Uruyuki|inzuki]], naho amababi yacyo afumbira ubutaka.<ref name="icraf-rw" /> Igishishwa cyacyo kivamo imigozi.<ref name="icraf-eth" /> Mu buvuzi gakondo bwo mu Rwanda, igishishwa cyacyo gitekwa kikanyobwa mu kuvura igogora ribi, cyane cyane nyuma yo kurya inyama nyinshi.<ref name="ines" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist|refs= <ref name="powo">{{Cite web |title=Dombeya torrida (J.F.Gmel.) Bamps |url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:823248-1 |website=Plants of the World Online |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew |access-date=2026-10-15 |language=en}}</ref> <ref name="icraf-eth">{{Cite web |title=Dombeya torrida |url=https://apps.worldagroforestry.org/usefultrees/pdflib/Dombeya_torrida_ETH.pdf |website=Useful Trees and Shrubs for Ethiopia |publisher=World Agroforestry (ICRAF) |access-date=2026-10-15 |language=en}}</ref> <ref name="icraf-rw">{{Cite web |title=Dombeya goetzenii |url=https://apps.worldagroforestry.org/suitable-tree/node/22489 |website=Suitable Tree – Rwanda |publisher=World Agroforestry (ICRAF) |access-date=2026-10-15 |language=en}}</ref> <ref name="ines">{{Cite web |title=Dombeya torrida |url=https://medicinalplantsofrwanda.ines.ac.rw/plant_details.php?id=252 |website=Medicinal Plants of Rwanda |publisher=INES-Ruhengeri |access-date=2026-10-15 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240916221309/https://medicinalplantsofrwanda.ines.ac.rw/plant_details.php?id=252 |archive-date=2024-09-16 |url-status=dead}}</ref> }} == Reba kandi == * [[Umukore]] * [[Umugeshi]] * [[Hypericum revolutum]] [[Ikiciro:Ibimera]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiti]] [[Ikiciro:Indabo]] 80wivqei2k4j5zbkiglvkbjwl34ak8b 0 23550 148359 142257 2026-10-30T07:20:53Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 148359 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Speciesbox | name = Rwiziringa | genus = Datura | species = stramonium | authority = L. (1753) | image = Datura stramonium 2 (2005 07 07).jpg | image_caption = Ururabo rwa rwiziringa (''Datura stramonium'') }} '''Rwiziringa''' (''Datura stramonium''; mu Gifaransa ''stramoine'' cyangwa ''pomme épineuse'', mu Cyongereza ''jimsonweed'' cyangwa ''thorn apple'') ni ikimera cyo mu muryango wa ''Solanaceae'', gikomoka muri [[Megizike]] ariko ubu kiboneka hafi ku isi hose, harimo no mu [[Rwanda]]. Kizwi kubera indabo zacyo z'umweru zimeze nk'impanda n'imbuto zacyo zuzuyeho amahwa. Ibice byacyo byose ni uburozi bukomeye, cyane cyane imbuto. == Imiterere == [[File:Datura stramonium fruit 02.jpg|thumb|left|Urubuto rwa rwiziringa rwuzuyeho amahwa.]] Rwiziringa ni ikimera kimara umwaka umwe, gishobora kugera kuri santimetero 50 kugeza kuri metero 1,5 z'uburebure. Amababi yacyo ni manini, ateye nk'igi, areshya na santimetero 8 kugeza kuri 17, afite inkombe zimeze nk'amenyo manini.<ref name="foc" /> Indabo zacyo zihagaze, zimeze nk'impanda, zireshya na santimetero 6 kugeza ku 10, zifite ibara ry'umweru cyangwa isine yerurutse. Urubuto rwacyo ni agasanduku k'uruziga kareshya na santimetero 3 kugeza kuri 4,5, kuzuyeho amahwa menshi; iyo gakuze kigabanyamo ibice bine, kakarekura imbuto nyinshi z'umukara.<ref name="foc" /> == Aho kiboneka == Gikomoka muri Megizike, ariko cyakwirakwiye ku migabane yose, harimo no muri Afurika.<ref name="powo" /> Mu Rwanda gikura ahantu hadahinzwe, mu mirima yararaye no ku nkengero z'imihanda, ku butumburuke bwa metero 1&nbsp;400 kugeza ku 2&nbsp;000.<ref name="ines" /> == Uburozi == Ibice byose by'iki kimera ni uburozi, byaba bibisi cyangwa byumye, cyane cyane imbuto. Birimo ibinyabutabire bya ''alkaloïdes'' nka atropine, hyoscyamine na scopolamine.<ref name="nrcs" /> Bitera umutima gutera vuba, imboni z'amaso kwaguka, umunwa kuma no kutabona neza; nyuma bishobora gutera guhumeka buhoro, kugagara na koma.<ref name="nrcs" /> Rwiziringa itera kandi ibibonekerwa.<ref name="ines" /> Amatungo, cyane cyane [[inka]] n'ingurube, ashobora kwicwa no kurya iki kimera.<ref name="nrcs" /> == Imikoreshereze == Mu Rwanda, abavuzi gakondo bakoresha amababi yacyo mu kuvura indwara zo mu mutwe. Ahandi muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba, umutobe w'imbuto zacyo ukoreshwa mu kuvura ububabare bw'amatwi, naho amababi agashyirwa ku ngingo zibyimbye.<ref name="ines" /> Kubera uburozi bwacyo, gukoresha iki kimera nk'umuti bishobora guteza akaga.<ref name="ines" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist|refs= <ref name="powo">{{Cite web |title=Datura stramonium L. |url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:314738-2 |website=Plants of the World Online |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew |access-date=2026-10-15 |language=en}}</ref> <ref name="foc">{{Cite web |title=Datura stramonium |url=http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200020520 |website=Flora of China |publisher=eFloras.org |access-date=2026-10-15 |language=en}}</ref> <ref name="ines">{{Cite web |title=Datura stramonium |url=https://medicinalplantsofrwanda.ines.ac.rw/plant_details.php?id=242 |website=Medicinal Plants of Rwanda |publisher=INES-Ruhengeri |access-date=2026-10-15 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250419220025/https://medicinalplantsofrwanda.ines.ac.rw/plant_details.php?id=242 |archive-date=2025-04-19 |url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="nrcs">{{Cite web |title=Jimsonweed (Datura stramonium) |url=https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/sites/default/files/2022-09/Jimsonweed.pdf |website=Illinois Grazing Manual – Poisonous Plants |publisher=USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service |year=2004 |language=en}}</ref> }} == Reba kandi == === Ingingo zijyanye === * [[Brugmansia suaveolens]] (ikibutibuti), ikindi kimera cyo mu muryango umwe * [[Gloriosa superba]] === Ihuza ryo hanze === * [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Datura_stramonium Amafoto ya rwiziringa] kuri Wikimedia Commons {{DEFAULTSORT:Rwiziringa}} [[Ikiciro:Ibimera]] [[Ikiciro:Indabo]] ablrv5uh0rtpv3jwvtktlykk7gf6cif 0 23555 148326 142262 2026-10-29T19:39:41Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 148326 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Speciesbox | genus = Ageratum | species = conyzoides | authority = L. (1753) | image = Ageratum conyzoides 1.jpg | image_caption = Indabo za ''Ageratum conyzoides'' }} '''''Ageratum conyzoides''''' (mu Kinyarwanda ''inkuruba'' cyangwa ''akaziraruguma'', mu Cyongereza ''billygoat weed'') ni ikimera cyo mu muryango wa ''Asteraceae'', gikomoka muri [[Megizike]] ariko ubu kiboneka mu bihugu byinshi bishyuha, harimo n'u [[Rwanda]]. Ni icyatsi gito gifite indabo nto z'isine cyangwa z'umweru, gikunze kumera mu mirima no ku nkengero z'imihanda. Mu Rwanda gikoreshwa mu buvuzi gakondo, cyane cyane mu kuvura ibikomere. == Imiterere == [[File:Ageratum conyzoides (billy goat weed).jpeg|thumb|left|Ibimera bya ''Ageratum conyzoides'' birabije.]] ''Ageratum conyzoides'' ni icyatsi gihagaze, gishobora kugera kuri santimetero 50 kugeza kuri metero 1, gifite amashami make cyangwa menshi n'ubwoya buke. Amababi yacyo ateye nk'igi, areshya na santimetero 2 kugeza kuri 6, afite inkombe zimeze nk'amenyo n'ubwoya ku mpande zombi.<ref name="nsw" /> Indabo zacyo ziteranye mu mitwe mito y'uruziga ifite umurambararo wa milimetero 5 kugeza kuri 6, ifite ibara ry'isine cyangwa umweru. Imbuto zacyo ni nto, z'umukara, zifite uduhembe dutanu tw'umweru tuzifasha gutwarwa n'umuyaga.<ref name="nsw" /> == Aho kiboneka == Gikomoka muri Megizike, ariko cyakwirakwiye mu turere dushyuha tw'isi yose, harimo u Rwanda n'ibindi bihugu byinshi bya [[Afurika]].<ref name="powo" /> Mu Rwanda gikura mu mirima yararaye no ahantu hahinduwe n'abantu, ku butumburuke bwa metero 1&nbsp;300 kugeza ku 2&nbsp;300.<ref name="ines" /> Ahandi gifatwa nk'icyatsi kibi gikunze kumera mu nzuri no ahantu hadahinzwe.<ref name="nsw" /> == Imikoreshereze == Mu Rwanda, abavuzi gakondo bakoresha amababi yacyo mu kuvura [[Igikomere|ibikomere]], kandi kizwiho kurwanya imiyege. I Kigali, umuvuzi gakondo akoresha amababi yacyo ashyizwe mu mazi ashyushye mu kuvura indwara z'impyiko.<ref name="ines" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist|refs= <ref name="powo">{{Cite web |title=Ageratum conyzoides L. |url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:7086-2 |website=Plants of the World Online |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew |access-date=2026-10-15 |language=en}}</ref> <ref name="nsw">{{Cite web |title=Ageratum conyzoides L. |url=https://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/NSWfl.pl?page=nswfl&lvl=sp&name=Ageratum~conyzoides |website=PlantNET – New South Wales Flora Online |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens Sydney |access-date=2026-10-15 |language=en}}</ref> <ref name="ines">{{Cite web |title=Ageratum conyzoides |url=https://medicinalplantsofrwanda.ines.ac.rw/plant_details.php?id=32 |website=Medicinal Plants of Rwanda |publisher=INES-Ruhengeri |access-date=2026-10-15 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250114132737/https://medicinalplantsofrwanda.ines.ac.rw/plant_details.php?id=32 |archive-date=2025-01-14 |url-status=dead}}</ref> }} == Reba kandi == === Ingingo zijyanye === * [[Inyabarasanya]] * [[Rwiziringa]] === Ihuza ryo hanze === * [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ageratum_conyzoides Amafoto ya ''Ageratum conyzoides''] kuri Wikimedia Commons [[Ikiciro:Ibimera]] [[Ikiciro:Indabo]] on2onlz2e1xmr0v6u3quxo447vdakb4 0 23557 148354 142264 2026-10-30T04:11:03Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 148354 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Speciesbox | name = Kimali | genus = Galinsoga | species = parviflora | authority = Cav. (1795) | image = Estrellitas (Galinsoga parviflora).jpg | image_caption = Indabo za kimali (''Galinsoga parviflora'') }} '''Kimali''' (''Galinsoga parviflora''; mu Gifaransa ''galinsoga à petites fleurs'', mu Cyongereza ''gallant soldier'') ni icyatsi cyo mu muryango wa ''Asteraceae'', gikomoka muri Amerika yo hagati, ariko ubu kiboneka hafi ku isi hose, harimo no mu [[Rwanda]]. Ni icyatsi gito gifite indabo nto z'umweru n'umuhondo, gikunze kumera mu mirima nk'icyatsi kibi. Mu bice bimwe bya Afurika amababi yacyo aribwa nk'imboga, kandi gikoreshwa mu buvuzi gakondo. == Imiterere == [[File:20140701Galinsoga parviflora1.jpg|thumb|left|Kimali irabije.]] Kimali ni icyatsi kimara umwaka umwe, gihagaze, gishobora kugera kuri santimetero 20 kugeza kuri 60, rimwe na rimwe kikagera kuri metero 1,2. Amababi yacyo ateganye, areshya na santimetero 1 kugeza kuri 6,5, afite inkombe zifite amenyo mato.<ref name="prota" /> Indabo zacyo ziteranye mu mitwe mito iri ku mpera z'amashami, akenshi ebyiri ebyiri. Buri mutwe ufite ibibabi bitanu bito by'umweru bizengurutse umutima w'umuhondo.<ref name="prota" /> Ikimera kimwe gishobora kubyara imbuto zirenga 7&nbsp;000.<ref name="prota" /> == Aho kiboneka == Gikomoka muri Amerika yo hagati no muri Amerika y'Amajyepfo, ariko cyakwirakwiye ku migabane yose, harimo u Rwanda.<ref name="powo" /> Muri Afurika ishyuha kiboneka kuva ku nkombe z'inyanja kugeza ku butumburuke bwa metero 2&nbsp;400, ahantu hagwa imvura nyinshi.<ref name="prota" /> Mu Rwanda kimera ku nkengero z'imihanda, mu mirima yararaye, mu mirima ihinzwe no ahandi hahinduwe n'abantu.<ref name="ines" /> Kubera ko imbuto zacyo zikenera urumuri kugira ngo zimere, gikunze kumera ahantu harangaye, cyane cyane mu mirima y'ibihingwa bikiri bito. Ni icyatsi kibi gikomeye mu mirima y'ingano, ibigori n'ipamba, kandi kibamo udukoko na virusi byangiza itabi, ibirayi n'amashu.<ref name="prota" /> == Imikoreshereze == Amababi n'uduti twacyo tukiri duto bitekwa bikaribwa nk'[[imboga]]. Gihabwa kandi amatungo nk'inkoko, inkwavu n'ingurube.<ref name="prota" /> Mu majyaruguru y'u Rwanda, ikimera cyose gikoreshwa mu buvuzi gakondo mu kuvura umunaniro w'ubwonko (''stress'').<ref name="ines" /> Muri Etiyopiya amababi yacyo apfuka ibikomere.<ref name="prota" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist|refs= <ref name="powo">{{Cite web |title=Galinsoga parviflora Cav. |url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:208554-1 |website=Plants of the World Online |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew |access-date=2026-10-15 |language=en}}</ref> <ref name="prota">{{Cite web |last=Schippers |first=R. R. |year=2004 |title=Galinsoga parviflora Cav. |url=https://uses.plantnet-project.org/en/Galinsoga_parviflora_(PROTA) |website=PROTA4U |publisher=Plant Resources of Tropical Africa |access-date=2026-10-15 |language=en}}</ref> <ref name="ines">{{Cite web |title=Galinsoga parviflora |url=https://medicinalplantsofrwanda.ines.ac.rw/plant_details.php?id=52 |website=Medicinal Plants of Rwanda |publisher=INES-Ruhengeri |access-date=2026-10-15 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241106232637/https://medicinalplantsofrwanda.ines.ac.rw/plant_details.php?id=52 |archive-date=2024-11-06 |url-status=dead}}</ref> }} == Reba kandi == === Ingingo zijyanye === * [[Ageratum conyzoides]] * [[Inyabarasanya]] === Ihuza ryo hanze === * [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Galinsoga_parviflora Amafoto ya kimali] kuri Wikimedia Commons {{DEFAULTSORT:Kimali}} [[Ikiciro:Ibimera]] b1yoqezdek8pi618rbqu9thmazm8ub6 0 23645 148325 146216 2026-10-29T19:38:01Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 148325 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Agathe Habyarimana | birth_name = Agathe Kanziga | birth_date = 1942 | birth_place = Karago, Gisenyi, [[Rwanda]] | nationality = Umunyarwandakazi | known_for = Umufasha wa Perezida [[Juvénal Habyarimana]] | spouse = [[Juvénal Habyarimana]] }} '''Agathe Habyarimana''' (yavutse ari Agathe Kanziga mu 1942) ni umufasha wa [[Juvénal Habyarimana]], wahoze ari Perezida w'u Rwanda. Yari umufasha wa Perezida kugeza mu 1994. Agathe Habyarimana aba mu [[Ubufaransa]] kuva mu 1994. Imiryango myinshi imushinja kuba umwe mu bayobozi b'akazu. Kuva mu 2007, ubutabera bw'u Bufaransa bumukoraho iperereza ku bufatanyacyaha muri [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]]. We arabihakana. Ntiyigeze aregwa ku mugaragaro. == Ubuzima == === Ubwana n'amashuri === Agathe Kanziga yavutse mu 1942. Yavukiye i Karago, muri perefegitura ya Gisenyi.<ref name="trial"/> === Umufasha wa Perezida === Agathe Kanziga yashakanye na Juvénal Habyarimana. Habyarimana yabaye Perezida w'u Rwanda kuva mu 1973 kugeza mu 1994. Inkuru nyinshi zivuga ko Agathe Habyarimana yari afite ububasha bukomeye mu gihugu. Avugwa nk'umwe mu bayobozi b'akazu. Akazu kari agatsiko k'abasivili n'abasirikare bari hafi y'ubutegetsi.<ref name="trial"/> Ku ya 6 Mata 1994, indege ya Perezida Habyarimana yarahanuwe. Perezida yaguye muri icyo gitero. Ku ya 9 Mata 1994, abasirikare b'Abafaransa bavanye Agathe Habyarimana mu Rwanda. Yageze i [[Paris]] ku ya 17 Mata 1994.<ref name="trial"/> === Ubutabera === Mu 2004, Agathe Habyarimana yasabye ubuhungiro mu Bufaransa. Mu 2007, ubusabe bwe bwaranzwe. Urukiko rwavuze ko hari impamvu zikomeye zo gukeka ko yagize uruhare muri Jenoside. Mu 2009, Inama y'Igihugu y'Ubutegetsi (Conseil d'État) yemeje icyo cyemezo.<ref name="trial"/> Mu Ugushyingo 2007, ubutabera bw'u Bufaransa bwatangiye iperereza. Ryatangijwe n'ikirego cy'Ishyirahamwe ry'abaregera indishyi ku Rwanda (CPCR).<ref name="trial"/> Mu Ukwakira 2009, u Rwanda rwatanze impapuro zo kumuta muri yombi. Ku ya 2 Werurwe 2010, Agathe Habyarimana yafatiwe mu Bufaransa. Nyuma y'igihe gito, yararekuwe. Ku ya 28 Nzeri 2011, urukiko rw'ubujurire rw'i Paris rwanze kumwohereza mu Rwanda.<ref name="trial"/> Mu 2016, Agathe Habyarimana yahawe sitati ya « témoin assisté ». Ntiyigeze aregwa ku mugaragaro. Muri Kanama 2025, abacamanza b'iperereza bafashe icyemezo cyo guhagarika ikurikiranwa (non-lieu). Bavuze ko nta bimenyetso bihagije bihari.<ref name="afp2026"/> Ku ya 6 Gicurasi 2026, urukiko rw'ubujurire rw'i Paris rwakuyeho icyo cyemezo. Rwasabye ko iperereza rikomeza.<ref name="allafrica"/> Agathe Habyarimana yajuririye mu Rukiko rusesa imanza (Cour de cassation).<ref name="afp2026"/> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist|refs= <ref name="trial">{{Cite web |title=Agathe Kanziga Habyarimana |url=https://trialinternational.org/latest-post/agathe-kanziga-habyarimana/ |website=TRIAL International |language=en |access-date=2026-10-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190716081151/https://trialinternational.org/latest-post/agathe-kanziga-habyarimana/ |archive-date=2019-07-16 |url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="allafrica">{{Cite web |title=Rwanda: Génocide – La justice française annule le non-lieu pour Agathe Habyarimana |url=https://fr.allafrica.com/stories/202605070268.html |website=AllAfrica |date=2026-05-07 |language=fr}}</ref> <ref name="afp2026">{{Cite web |title=Génocide au Rwanda : Agathe Habyarimana se pourvoit en cassation contre la reprise de l'instruction |url=https://www.sudradio.fr/societe/genocide-au-rwanda-agathe-habyarimana-se-pourvoit-en-cassation-contre-la-reprise-de-linstruction |website=Sud Radio (AFP) |date=2026-05-13 |language=fr |access-date=2026-10-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260610035831/https://www.sudradio.fr/societe/genocide-au-rwanda-agathe-habyarimana-se-pourvoit-en-cassation-contre-la-reprise-de-linstruction |archive-date=2026-06-10 |url-status=dead}}</ref> }} == Reba kandi == === Ingingo zijyanye === * [[Juvénal Habyarimana]] * [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994]] * [[Théoneste Bagosora]] {{Palette Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda|state=uncollapsed}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Habyarimana, Agathe}} [[Ikiciro:Abanyarwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore]] kw0ym6st5ecxr3069m83i6aizhvk253 0 23695 148344 142710 2026-10-29T23:09:27Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 148344 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Fulgence Niyonteze | nationality = Umunyarwanda | occupation = Umuyobozi | title = Burugumesitiri wa komini Mushubati (1993–1994) | known_for = Guhamwa n'ibyaha by'intambara mu Busuwisi }} '''Fulgence Niyonteze''' ni Umunyarwanda wahoze ari burugumesitiri wa komini Mushubati, muri perefegitura ya Gitarama. Mu 1994, yagize uruhare mu bwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi mu gihe cya [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside]]. Yaburanishijwe n'inkiko za gisirikare zo mu [[Ubusuwisi]]. Mu 2001, igihano cy'imyaka 14 y'igifungo cyemejwe burundu. == Burugumesitiri wa Mushubati == Niyonteze yatorewe kuba burugumesitiri wa komini Mushubati mu 1992. Yatangiye imirimo muri Mata 1993.<ref name="icrc" /> == Ibyo yakoze muri Jenoside == Mu mpera za Gicurasi 1994, Niyonteze yakoresheje inama ku musozi wa Mushubati. Yasabye abaturage « gukora isuku », ni ukuvuga kwica Abatutsi n'Abahutu batavugaga rumwe n'ubutegetsi. Yashishikarije kwica Abatutsi bari barokotse.<ref name="icrc" /> Nyuma y'iyo nama, abantu benshi barishwe.<ref name="icrc" /> Yagiye kandi i Kabgayi, aho impunzi zo muri komini ye zari zarahungiye. Yazisabye gusubira i Mushubati, kugira ngo zicwe.<ref name="icrc" /><ref name="ji2001" /> Yategetse abasirikare kwica abantu babiri. Umwe muri bo yararokotse.<ref name="icrc" /> == Urubanza mu Busuwisi == Mu 1996, Niyonteze yari atuye mu Busuwisi nk'impunzi. Muri uwo mwaka, yarafashwe, iperereza riratangira.<ref name="icrc" /><ref name="ji2001" /> Urubanza rwe rwabereye mu rukiko rwa gisirikare rw'i Lausanne, kuva ku wa 12 kugeza ku wa 30 Mata 1999. Ni rwo rubanza rwa mbere rwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi rwabereye mu rukiko rw'ikindi gihugu.<ref name="fidh" /> Ku wa 30 Mata 1999, urwo rukiko rwamuhamije ubwicanyi, gushishikariza abandi kwica, n'ibyaha by'intambara. Yakatiwe igifungo cya burundu.<ref name="icrc" /> Muri Gicurasi 2000, urukiko rw'ubujurire rwa gisirikare rwamuhamije gusa ibyaha by'intambara. Igihano cyagabanyijwe kiba imyaka 14 y'igifungo.<ref name="icrc" /> Ntiyahamijwe icyaha cya Jenoside. Icyo gihe, Ubusuwisi bwari butaremeza amasezerano mpuzamahanga yerekeye Jenoside.<ref name="icrc" /> Ku wa 27 Mata 2001, urukiko rusesa imanza rwa gisirikare rwemeje igihano cy'imyaka 14.<ref name="icrc" /><ref name="ji2001" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist|refs= <ref name="icrc">{{Cite web |title=Switzerland, The Niyonteze Case |url=https://casebook.icrc.org/case-study/switzerland-niyonteze-case |website=How does law protect in war? (ICRC Casebook) |publisher=International Committee of the Red Cross |language=en |access-date=2026-10-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260416115858/https://casebook.icrc.org/case-study/switzerland-niyonteze-case |archive-date=2026-04-16 |url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="ji2001">{{Cite news |title=Peine de 14 ans confirmée définitivement pour l'ex-maire de Mushubati |url=https://www.justiceinfo.net/fr/7904-peine-de-14-ans-confirmee-defintivement-pour-lex-maire-de-mushubati4694.html |work=Agence Hirondelle (JusticeInfo.net) |date=2001-04-27 |language=fr |access-date=2026-10-19}}</ref> <ref name="fidh">{{Cite web |title=Un tribunal militaire suisse condamne un auteur du génocide rwandais |url=https://www.fidh.org/fr/regions/afrique/rwanda/Un-tribunal-militaire-suisse |website=FIDH |date=1999-05-27 |language=fr |access-date=2026-10-19}}</ref> }} == Reba kandi == === Ingingo zijyanye === * [[Ubusuwisi]] * [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994]] {{Palette Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Niyonteze, Fulgence}} [[Ikiciro:Abanyarwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abanyapolitiki]] [[Ikiciro:Abagabo]] e9560dkipyxoknrfvfm5n4xxjxdsj4c 0 23699 148362 142717 2026-10-30T08:32:40Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 148362 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Tito Barahira | other_names = Tite Barahirwa | death_date = Nyakanga 2024 | death_place = [[Ubufaransa]] | nationality = Umunyarwanda | occupation = Umuyobozi | title = Burugumesitiri wa komini Kabarondo (1977–1986) | known_for = Ubwicanyi bwa kiliziya ya Kabarondo }} '''Tito Barahira''' (wapfuye muri Nyakanga 2024) yari Umunyarwanda wahoze ari burugumesitiri wa komini Kabarondo, mu [[Akarere ka Kayonza]] y'ubu. Mu 2016, urukiko rwa rubanda rw'i Paris rwamuhamije icyaha cya [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside]] n'ibyaha byibasiye inyokomuntu. Yakatiwe igifungo cya burundu. Yapfiriye muri gereza mu [[Ubufaransa]]. == Ubuzima == Barahira yabaye burugumesitiri wa komini Kabarondo kuva mu 1977 kugeza mu 1986. Yasimbuwe na Octavien Ngenzi.<ref name="amnesty" /> Mu 1994, yari perezida w'ishyaka MRND muri iyo komini.<ref name="amnesty" /> == Ibyo yahamijwe == Ku wa 13 Mata 1994, Abatutsi bari bahungiye muri kiliziya ya Kabarondo barishwe. Bivugwa ko hapfuye abantu barenga 2 000.<ref name="ji2018" /> Abatangabuhamya bavuze ko Barahira yari afite icumu. Bavuze ko yagize uruhare mu gutoranya impunzi zari zarokotse ubwicanyi bwo muri kiliziya.<ref name="ji2018" /> Umwunganizi we yavuze ko atari ari kuri kiliziya. Yavuze ko abarokotse icyenda bemeje ko batamubonye.<ref name="ji2018" /> == Urubanza mu Bufaransa == Barahira yari yarahinduye izina, yiyita Barahirwa. Yafatiwe i Toulouse muri Mata 2013.<ref name="canape2024" /> Muri Nyakanga 2016, urukiko rwa rubanda rw'i Paris rwamuhamije Jenoside n'ibyaha byibasiye inyokomuntu. Yakatiwe igifungo cya burundu.<ref name="canape2024" /> Yaburanishijwe hamwe na Octavien Ngenzi.<ref name="ji2018" /> Ku wa 6 Nyakanga 2018, urukiko rw'ubujurire rwemeje icyo gihano.<ref name="ji2018" /> Ku wa 16 Ukwakira 2019, Urukiko rusesa imanza rwanze ubujurire bwe. Igihano cyabaye ndakuka.<ref name="cpcr2019" /> == Urupfu == Barahira yapfiriye muri gereza mu Bufaransa, afite imyaka 72. Urupfu rwe rwatangajwe ku wa 29 Nyakanga 2024.<ref name="canape2024" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist|refs= <ref name="amnesty">{{Cite web |title=Tito Barahira |url=https://competenceuniverselle.amnesty.fr/affaire/tito-barahira/ |website=Compétence universelle (Amnesty International France) |language=fr |access-date=2026-10-19}}</ref> <ref name="ji2018">{{Cite news |title=Procès de génocide à Paris : la perpétuité confirmée en appel contre deux ex-maires rwandais |url=https://www.justiceinfo.net/fr/37917-genocide-rwandais-perpetuite-confirmee-en-appel-pour-deux-ex-maires-juges-en-france.html |work=JusticeInfo.net |date=2018-07-06 |language=fr |access-date=2026-10-19}}</ref> <ref name="cpcr2019">{{Cite web |last=Gauthier |first=Alain |title=Octavien Ngenzi et Tito Barahira définitivement condamnés |url=https://francegenocidetutsi.org/NgenziBarahiraDefinitivementCondamnes17octobre2019.pdf |publisher=Collectif des parties civiles pour le Rwanda |date=2019-10-17 |language=fr |format=PDF |access-date=2026-10-19}}</ref> <ref name="canape2024">{{Cite news |last=Ndayambaje |first=Vital |title=Rwanda-Génocide : Mort de Tito Barahira en France |url=https://lecanape.rw/rwanda-genocide-mort-de-tito-barahira-en-france/ |work=Le Canapé |date=2024-07-31 |language=fr |access-date=2026-10-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20261019211500/https://lecanape.rw/rwanda-genocide-mort-de-tito-barahira-en-france/ |archive-date=2026-10-19 |url-status=dead}}</ref> }} == Reba kandi == === Ingingo zijyanye === * [[Octavien Ngenzi]] * [[Akarere ka Kayonza]] * [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994]] {{Palette Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Barahira, Tito}} [[Ikiciro:Abanyarwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abanyapolitiki]] [[Ikiciro:Abagabo]] tdoh2u8vju7kbdk9ouiw5c26i7zlkk1 1 23920 148342 2026-10-29T21:55:59Z IGANZE 11347 /* Doriane Kundwa */ new section 148342 wikitext text/x-wiki == Doriane Kundwa == Izina ryanditswe nabi [[Umukoresha:IGANZE|IGANZE]] ([[Ibiganiro by'umukoresha:IGANZE|talk]]) 21:55, 29 Ukwakira 2026 (UTC) r5qgkrqoxpyvsurr9lhtipp3sl67ugi 14 23921 148363 2026-10-30T09:05:22Z Score Beethoven 11559 Created page with "{{Hidden category}} Iki kiciro gikurikirana ingingo zifite inyandiko zanditswe mu Gitaliyani. [[Category:CS1 foreign language sources|it]]" 148363 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Hidden category}} Iki kiciro gikurikirana ingingo zifite inyandiko zanditswe mu Gitaliyani. [[Category:CS1 foreign language sources|it]] 5qmo1wes2q3asb2fq54o5m7hb59vezi 14 23922 148364 2026-10-30T09:05:23Z Score Beethoven 11559 Created page with "{{Hidden category}} Iki kiciro gikurikirana ingingo zifite inyandiko zanditswe mu Kinyayukereni. [[Category:CS1 foreign language sources|uk]]" 148364 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Hidden category}} Iki kiciro gikurikirana ingingo zifite inyandiko zanditswe mu Kinyayukereni. [[Category:CS1 foreign language sources|uk]] r01tjj433u7740h4guuqeefmuu4jvb7 0 23923 148366 2026-10-30T09:20:49Z Score Beethoven 11559 Created page with "[[File:Moi, le dernier Tutsi.jpg|thumb|right|Igitabo ''Moi, le dernier Tutsi'']] '''''Moi, le dernier Tutsi''''' (mu Kinyarwanda: ''Jyewe, Umututsi wa nyuma'') ni igitabo cy'ubuhamya cyanditswe na [[Charles Habonimana]] afatanyije na Daniel Le Scornet. Cyasohotse mu 2019 mu Bufaransa, gisohowe na Plon. Kivuga ku buzima bw'umwanditsi mu gihe cya [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]]. == Ibikubiye mu gitabo == Charles Habonimana yavutse mu 19..." 148366 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Moi, le dernier Tutsi.jpg|thumb|right|Igitabo ''Moi, le dernier Tutsi'']] '''''Moi, le dernier Tutsi''''' (mu Kinyarwanda: ''Jyewe, Umututsi wa nyuma'') ni igitabo cy'ubuhamya cyanditswe na [[Charles Habonimana]] afatanyije na Daniel Le Scornet. Cyasohotse mu 2019 mu Bufaransa, gisohowe na Plon. Kivuga ku buzima bw'umwanditsi mu gihe cya [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]]. == Ibikubiye mu gitabo == Charles Habonimana yavutse mu 1982. Yavukiye i Mayunzwe, mu majyepfo y'u [[Rwanda]].<ref name="gc2019">{{Cite web |url=https://legrandcontinent.eu/fr/2019/04/13/moi-le-dernier-des-tutsis/ |title=Moi, le dernier Tutsi |website=Le Grand Continent |author=Camille Stuckel |date=2019-04-13 |access-date=2026-10-30 |language=fr}}</ref> Mu 1994, Charles yari afite imyaka 12.<ref name="ja">{{Cite web |url=https://www.jeuneafrique.com/757539/societe/charles-habonimana-je-nai-oublie-ni-les-bruits-ni-les-mots-ni-les-images-du-genocide-des-tutsi/ |title=Charles Habonimana : « Je n'ai oublié ni les bruits, ni les mots, ni les images du génocide des Tutsi » |website=Jeune Afrique |date=2019-04-02 |access-date=2026-10-30 |language=fr}}</ref> Ku wa 24 Mata 1994, abicanyi bishe se, Célestin, imbere ye. Bishe kandi Fidel, wo mu muryango we. Nyina, Odette, n'abenshi mu bavandimwe be na bo barishwe.<ref name="ja" /> Sebuhuku yari umuyobozi w'abicanyi ku musozi wabo. Sebuhuku yategetse ko Charles aticwa ako kanya. Yashakaga ko Charles aba « Umututsi wa nyuma ». Charles yagombaga kwicwa nyuma y'Abatutsi bose bo mu gace.<ref name="ja" /><ref name="gc2024">{{Cite web |url=https://legrandcontinent.eu/fr/2024/04/07/la-genocide-des-tutsi-au-rwanda-une-liste-de-lectures/ |title=Le génocide des Tutsi au Rwanda : une liste de lectures |website=Le Grand Continent |author1=Florian Louis |author2=Anthony Guyon |date=2024-04-07 |access-date=2026-10-30 |language=fr}}</ref> Sebuhuku yishe umuryango wa Charles. Ariko Sebuhuku yabaye kandi umurinzi wa Charles. Francine, umugore wa Sebuhuku, yarinze Charles uko ashoboye.<ref name="ja" /> Igitabo kivuga kandi ijambo rya Théodore Sindikubwabo. Iryo jambo ryavugiwe i [[Butare]] ku wa 19 Mata 1994. Nyuma yaryo, abaturanyi b'Abahutu batangiye kwica Abatutsi.<ref name="ja" /> Charles yarokotse Jenoside. == Kwandika igitabo == Charles yatanze ubuhamya bwe mu magambo imyaka myinshi, mu nama zo ku isi hose. Mu ntangiriro z'imyaka ya 2000, yatangiye kwandika ubuhamya bwe mu Kinyarwanda. Mu mpera za 2016, yahuye na Daniel Le Scornet mu Bufaransa. Bombi biyemeje kwandika igitabo mu Gifaransa.<ref name="ja" /> == Isohoka == Igitabo cyasohowe na Plon muri Werurwe 2019.<ref name="gc2019" /> Muri Mata 2019, ikinyamakuru ''Jeune Afrique'' cyagiranye ikiganiro na Charles Habonimana ku gitabo cye.<ref name="ja" /> Mu 2024, ikinyamakuru ''Le Grand Continent'' cyashyize iki gitabo ku rutonde rw'ibitabo byo gusoma kuri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.<ref name="gc2024" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Reba kandi == === Ingingo zijyanye === * [[Charles Habonimana]] * [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994]] * [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Mayunzwe]] === Ibitabo === * {{Cite book |author1=Charles Habonimana |author2=Daniel Le Scornet |title=Moi, le dernier Tutsi |location=Paris |publisher=Plon |year=2019 |isbn=978-2-259-27719-8 |language=fr}} * {{Cite book |author1=Charles Habonimana |author2=Daniel Le Scornet |title=Moi, le dernier Tutsi |location=Paris |publisher=Pocket |year=2020 |isbn=978-2-266-30026-1 |language=fr}} {{Palette Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Moi, le dernier Tutsi}} [[Ikiciro:Ibitabo]] [[Ikiciro:Ubuvanganzo]] 10cigprnjy3nq03j26o4p3o6iezndxf