Wikipedia rwwiki https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intangiriro MediaWiki 1.48.0-wmf.1 first-letter Itangazamakuru Ibidasanzwe Ibiganiro Umukoresha Ibiganiro by'umukoresha Wikipedia Ibiganiro kuri Wikipedia Dosiye Ibiganiro kuri dosiye MediyaWiki Ibiganiro kuri MediyaWiki Inyandikorugero Ibiganiro ku nyandikorugero Ubufasha Ibiganiro ku bufasha Ikiciro Ibiganiro ku byiciro TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 775 148727 148474 2026-11-03T13:17:52Z NSHUTIYIMANA Moise 17987 /* */ 148727 wikitext text/x-wiki {| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+<big>'''Repubulika y'u Rwanda<br />Republic of Rwanda<br />République du Rwanda<br />Jamhuri ya Rwanda'''</big> |- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan=2 | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |- | align="center" width="140px" | [[File:Flag of Rwanda.svg|125px]] | align="center" width="140px" | [[File:Coat of arms of Rwanda.svg|125px]] |- | align="center" width="140px" | [[Ibendera rya Repubulika y’u Rwanda|<span style="color:grey">Ibendera rya Repubulika y’u Rwanda</span>]] | align="center" width="140px" | [[Ikimenyetso mpamo cy’inyandiko za Leta y’u Rwanda|<span style="color:grey">Ikimenyetso mpamo cy’inyandiko za Leta y’u Rwanda</span>]] |} |- | align=center colspan=2 | [[File:Rwanda (orthographic projection with locator).svg|300px]] |} '''U [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]]''' ni igihugu giherereye muri Afurika y'uburasirazuba, mu karere k’[[Ibiyaga Bigari|ibiyaga bigari]]. Umurwa mukuru wacyo ni [[Kigali]]. U Rwanda rufite ubuso bwa km² 26 338. Rutuwe n’abaturage barenga miliyoni 14 (2024). U Rwanda ni kimwe mu bihugu bifite ubucucike bw’abaturage buri hejuru muri [[Afurika]]. U Rwanda rugizwe n'uturere 30 n'imirenge 416. == Imiterere n’Imipaka == U Rwanda ntirukora ku nyanja. Ruhana imbibi n'ibihugu bine: * [[Uburundi|Burundi]] mu majyepfo, * [[Tanzaniya]] mu burasirazuba, * [[Uganda]] mu majyaruguru, * [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]] mu burengerazuba. Igihugu gifite [[Ibirunga byu Rwanda|ibirunga]], ibiyaga (nk’[[ikiyaga cya Kivu]], [[Ikiyaga cya Rweru|Rweru]], [[Ikiyaga cya Ruhondo|Ruhondo]], [[Ikiyaga cya Muhazi|Muhazi]],...) n’imigezi myinshi. Umwe muri iyo migezi ni isoko y’uruzi rwa [[Nili]]. Umusozi muremure kurusha indi ni [[Umusozi wa kalisimbi|Kalisimbi]], ufite ubutumburuke bwa m 4 519. Ahantu hari hasi cyane ni mu kibaya cya Rusizi (m 950). == Ubuyobozi == U Rwanda ni Repubulika. Iyoborwa na Perezida utorwa n'abaturage mu [[Amatora|matora]]. Ubuyobozi bugendera ku Itegeko Nshinga ryatowe mu 2003. Igihugu kigizwe n’intara enye n’Umujyi wa Kigali. Kigizwe kandi n'[[Uturere tw’u Rwanda|uturere]] 30, imirenge 416, [[Akagari|utugari]] 2 148 n'[[imidugudu]] 14 837.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.westernprovince.gov.rw/en/intara-1/uturere |title=Uturere |website=Intara y'Iburengerazuba (Western Province) |access-date=2025-11-11 |archive-date=2024-11-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241103205840/https://www.westernprovince.gov.rw/en/intara-1/uturere |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ururimi == Abanyarwanda bose bavuga ururimi rumwe. Urwo rurimi rurabahuza kandi rukabaranga aho bari hose. Mu Rwanda hemewe indimi enye: * [[Ikinyarwanda]] (ururimi gakondo), * [[Icyongereza]], * [[Igifaransa]], * [[Igiswahili|Igiswayire]]. == Ibimenyetso by’Igihugu == U Rwanda rufite ibirango bitatu biruranga mu ruhando rw'ibindi bihugu. Ibyo birango (ibimenyetso) ni ibi bikurikira:<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://x.com/lyvine_rwanda/status/1854124418471256089 |title=Lyvine Rwanda (@lyvine_rwanda) |website=X (Twitter) |date=2024-11-06 |language=rw}}</ref> * Ibendera: Ibendera ry'u Rwanda rifite amabara atatu. Uhereye hejuru ugana hasi, ni ubururu, umuhondo n'icyatsi kibisi. Mu ibara ry'ubururu harimo ishusho y'izuba. Iryo zuba rifite imirasire 24 y'ibara rya zahabu. Iyo mirasire isobanura urumuri rumurikira Abanyarwanda, abaturarwanda n'inshuti z'u Rwanda. Isobanura kandi gukorera hamwe nta vangura no kurwanya ubujiji. Ibara ry'ubururu risobanura amahoro n'umutekano urambye by'Abanyarwanda. Ibara ry'umuhondo risobanura iterambere ry'ubukungu rishingiye ku mbaraga z'Abanyarwanda. Ibara ry'icyatsi kibisi risobanura icyizere kirambye cy'Abanyarwanda. * Ikirangantego: Ku kirangantego cy'u Rwanda handitseho intego y'igihugu: « Ubumwe, Umurimo, Gukunda Igihugu ». * Indirimbo yubahiriza igihugu: Indirimbo yubahiriza igihugu cy'u Rwanda yitwa ''[[Rwanda Nziza]]''. Iyi ndirimbo igizwe n'ibitero bine. == Ubukungu == Ubukungu bushingiye ku buhinzi, cyane cyane [[ikawa]] n’[[icyayi]]. Ibindi bihingwa ni [[Igitoki|ibitoki]], [[imyumbati]], [[amasaka]] n’[[Ikirayi|ibirayi]]. Amatungo ([[inka]], [[ihene]], [[intama]]) na yo ni ingenzi mu mibereho y’abaturage. == Ubukerarugendo == U Rwanda rwamenyekanye cyane ku bukerarugendo bushingiye ku nyamaswa n’umurage w’umuco. Pariki zikomeye ni: * [[Pariki y’Igihugu y’Ibirunga|Pariki y’Ibirunga]], * [[Pariki ya Nyungwe]], * [[Pariki y'Akagera|Pariki y’Akagera]]. == Idini == Abaturage benshi ni [[Ubukirisitu|Abakirisitu]] ([[Kiliziya Gatolika|Abagatolika]], Abangilikani, Abaporotesitanti). Hari kandi [[Islamu|Abayisilamu]] n’abayoboke b'amadini mato atandukanye.[[Dosiye:View from Virunga Lodge in Rwanda of Mount Muhavura.jpg|thumb|281x281px|Imisozi y'u Rwanda n'ikirunga cya Muhabura]] [[File:Rwanda (rw) pronunciation.ogg|thumb|Rwanda (rw) pronunciation]] [[Dosiye:Kigali Arena|thumb|Aho u Rwanda rugeze mu iterambere]] U Rwanda ni [[igihugu]] giherereye muri [[Afurika]] y'uburasirazuba, mu karere k’Ibiyaga Bigari. Ruri munsi y'umurongo wa Koma y'Isi. [[Dosiye:Communes_of_Rwanda_in_1994.svg|thumb|Komini z'u Rwanda mu 1994]] [[Umurwa]] mukuru w’u Rwanda ni [[Kigali]]. Iki gihugu gikunze kwitwa « igihugu cy'imisozi igihumbi ». Gikoresha indimi enye: [[Ikinyarwanda]], [[Icyongereza]], [[Igifaransa]] n'[[igiswahili|Igiswayire]]. Ururimi gakondo rw'Abanyarwanda ni Ikinyarwanda. Ubutegetsi bw'u Rwanda burigenga. Ubuyobozi bufite intego yo guteza imbere abaturage. Imiyoborere y'igihugu ntishingiye ku idini. [[Ibirango by’igihugu]] cy’u Rwanda ni [[ibendera]], ikimenyetso mpamo cy’inyandiko z'ubuyobozi, intego n’indirimbo y’igihugu. [[Intego ya Repubulika]] ni [[Ubumwe]], [[Umurimo]], [[Gukunda Igihugu]]. [[Indirimbo y’Igihugu]] ni [[Rwanda Nziza]]. U Rwanda rugizwe n'intara 4 n'Umujyi wa Kigali, uturere 30 n'imirenge 416. Rufite abaturage barenga miliyoni 14. == [[Amateka y'u Rwanda|Amateka]] == U Rwanda ruri mu bihugu 10 bya mbere bikungahaye ku [[ubukerarugendo|bukerarugendo]] bushingiye ku muco n'umurage ndangamateka. == Ubumenyi bw'isi == [[File:Map of Rwanda.png|300px|Map of Rwanda]] U Rwanda ni igihugu kidakora ku nyanja. Kiri muri Afurika y'uburasirazuba, mu karere k’Ibiyaga Bigari. Rufite [[Ikirunga|ibirunga]] bitanu, ibiyaga 23 n’imigezi myinshi. Umwe muri iyo migezi ni isoko y’uruzi rwa [[Nili]]. U Rwanda rufite ubuso bwa km² 26 338. Ubutaka bufite km² 24 948, amazi agafite km² 1 390. Mu 2016, abaturage babarirwaga hafi 11 533 446 (National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda). Ni ukuvuga abantu 438 kuri km². U Rwanda ruri mu bihugu bituwe cyane muri Afurika. [[File:Rwanda Gitarama landscape.JPG|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;"></span>]] Imipaka y'u Rwanda n'ibihugu bituranye na rwo ireshya na km 893: [[Uburundi]] mu majyepfo (km 290), [[Tanzaniya]] mu burasirazuba (km 217), [[Ubugande]] mu majyaruguru (km 169) na [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]] mu burengerazuba (km 217). U Rwanda rufite ibihe bibiri by’imvura. [[Itumba]] riva muri Gashyantare rikageza muri Gicurasi. Umuhindo uva muri Nzeri ukageza muri Mutarama. Mu misozi, ikirere kiba gikonje gato. Rimwe na rimwe hagwa urubura. Imiterere y’ubutaka bw'igihugu iratandukanye. Mu majyaruguru higanje ibirunga. Mu burengerazuba hari [[Ikiyaga cya Kivu]]. Pariki y’Igihugu y’Ibirunga iri mu misozi miremire n’amashyamba yo mu majyaruguru. Iyo pariki ibamo [[ingagi]] zizwi cyane ku Isi. Ingagi ni [[inyamaswa]] nini zizwiho kwita ku miryango yazo. Ikiyaga cya Kivu gifite umusenyi mwiza ku nkengero zacyo, cyane cyane ku [[Akarere ka Karongi|Kibuye]]. Kivu irimo kandi uturwa twinshi. Ahantu hari hasi cyane mu Rwanda ni mu kibaya cya Rusizi, ku butumburuke bwa m 950. Ahantu harehare cyane ni ikirunga cya Kalisimbi, gifite ubutumburuke bwa m 4 519. Pariki z’igihugu ni izi: * [[Pariki ya Nyungwe]] * [[Pariki y'Akagera]] * [[Pariki y’Igihugu y’Ibirunga]] [[File:Tour_du_Rwanda_2020.png|thumb|Tour du Rwanda 2020]] == Intara == Igihugu cy’u Rwanda kigabanyijemo intara 4 n’Umujyi wa Kigali. Intara zigabanyijemo uturere, imirenge, utugari n'imidugudu. Igihugu cyose gifite uturere 30 n'imirenge 416. Kugeza mu 2005, u Rwanda rwari rugabanyijemo intara 12 na komini 116. Izo ntara zari: Umujyi wa Kigali, intara ya Kigali Ngali, intara ya Gitarama, intara ya [[Butare]], intara ya Gikongoro, [[Cyangugu|intara ya Cyangugu]], intara ya Kibuye, intara ya Gisenyi, intara ya Ruhengeri, intara ya [[Byumba]], intara y’Umutara, intara ya Kibungo. Ibi byahindutse ku wa 1 Mutarama 2006. Byakozwe muri gahunda yo kwegereza ubuyobozi abaturage no kuvugurura ubutegetsi. U Rwanda rwagabanyijwemo intara enye n’Umujyi wa Kigali. Izo nzego zigabanyijemo [[Uturere tw’u Rwanda|uturere]] 30. Uturere tugabanyijemo imirenge 416 n’[[Akagari|utugari]] 2 148. Amazina, umubare n’ibyicaro by’intara n’iby’Umujyi wa Kigali bigaragara mu mbonerahamwe ikurikira: [[Dosiye:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|200px|<span style="color:grey;">Intara n’Uturere</span>]] {| border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="5" |- bgcolor="#aaaaaa" |N° |Izina |Icyicaro |Akarere karimo icyicaro |- bgcolor="#dddddd" |1 |[[Intara y’Amajyaruguru]] |[[Kinihira]] |[[Akarere ka Rulindo]] |- bgcolor="#dddddd" |2 |[[Intara y’Amajyepfo]] |[[Busasamana]] |[[Akarere ka Nyanza]] |- bgcolor="#dddddd" |3 |[[Intara y'Iburasirazuba|Intara y'Uburasirazuba]] |[[Kigabiro]] |[[Akarere ka Rwamagana]] |- bgcolor="#dddddd" |4 |[[Intara y'Uburengerazuba]] |[[Bwishyura]] |[[Akarere ka Karongi]] |- bgcolor="#dddddd" |5 |[[Umujyi wa Kigali]] |[[Nyarugenge]] |[[Akarere ka Nyarugenge]] |} == [[Idini|Iyobokamana]] == [[Dosiye:RwamaganaChurch.jpg|thumb|left|100px|]] [[Abanyarwanda]] benshi ni abayoboke b'amadini abiri akomeye: [[Ubukirisitu]] ([[Kiliziya Gatolika|Abagatolika]], [[Abaporoso]], [[Abapresibuteliyani]] n’[[abangilikani]]) n’[[Islamu|Ubuyisilamu]]. Hari kandi [[Abahamya ba Yehova]]. [[Kiliziya Gatolika]] ni yo yashinze imizi cyane mu Rwanda. Abanyarwanda benshi ni Abagatolika. Kiliziya rero ifite uruhare runini mu buzima bwa buri munsi. Hari n'andi madini y’Abakirisitu mu Rwanda, ariko ntakomeye nka Kiliziya Gatolika. Kiliziya Gatolika ni yo dini rya mbere ryinjiye mu Rwanda, mu 1900. Yari iyobowe na Musenyeri Hirth wo mu muryango w’Abapadiri Bera. Abapadiri Bera bazanywe mu Rwanda n’[[Ubudage|Abadage]]. Icyo gihe Abadage bategekaga u Rwanda, u Burundi na Tanzaniya. Abadage barindaga Abapadiri Bera. Bizeraga ko na bo bazashyigikira ubutegetsi bw’Abadage mu Rwanda. Ibarura ry’abaturage rya 2002 ryagaragaje uko amadini ahagaze: Abagatolika (49.5%), Abaporotesitanti bo mu madini atandukanye (27.2%), Abadivantisiti (12.2%), Abahamya ba Yehova n'andi madini ya gikirisitu (4%), abatagira idini (3.6%), Abayisilamu (1.8%) n'indi myemerere (1.7%). Iri barura ryagaragaje ko 98.3% by’abatuye u Rwanda bavuga ko bafite idini. Amadini rero ahuza abantu benshi. Atandukanye n’idini gakondo kuko ahuza abayoboke bayo. Abaha kandi gahunda y’imitekerereze n’imyitwarire. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ishami Rishinzwe Uburere Mboneragihugu, Ukwakire, 2006 |url=http://www.nurc.gov.rw/documents/researches/Syllabus_Ingando.pdf |access-date=2010-12-25 |archive-date=2012-10-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121029113019/http://www.nurc.gov.rw/documents/researches/Syllabus_Ingando.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ibendera rya Repubulika y’u Rwanda == [[Dosiye:Secretary Kerry and Rwandan President Kagame Pose for A Photo With Rwandan Foreign Minister Musikiwabo and U.S. Ambassador Barks-Ruggles in Kigali (30326383225).jpg|center|thumb|480x480px|Paul Kagame, Perezida wa Repubulika y'u Rwanda (uwa kabiri uhereye iburyo)]] [[Ibendera]] ry’igihugu rigizwe n’amabara atatu: ubururu, umuhondo n’icyatsi kibisi. == [[Ubukungu bw’u Rwanda]] == Ubukungu bw’u Rwanda bushingiye ahanini ku [[ubuhinzi|buhinzi]]. Abahinzi benshi batunzwe n’ibyo bahinga. Ubukungu buhura n’ikibazo cy’uko abantu ari benshi kurusha ubutaka buhari. Kuba u Rwanda rudakora ku nyanja byongera icyo kibazo. Bituma igihugu kigera ku masoko mpuzamahanga bigoranye. Ibihingwa ngengabukungu by'ingenzi ni [[ikawa]], [[icyayi]] n’ibireti. Byoherezwa ku masoko mpuzamahanga. Mu gihugu hahingwa ibitoki, imyumbati, amasaka, [[imboga]] n’ibirayi. Ariko ntibihagije ku isoko ryo mu Rwanda, ibindi bigatumizwa mu mahanga. Amatungo ([[inka]], ihene n’intama) na yo atunga Abanyarwanda.<ref name="KituoChaKatiba">{{Cite report |url=http://www.kituochakatiba.org/index2.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_view&gid=1199&Itemid=36 |title=Ugushakisha Ukuri n’Ubumuntu |publisher=Kituo Cha Katiba |date=2006 |type=Raporo (Nyakanga 2004 – Gashyantare 2006) |language=rw}}</ref> === Aho u Rwanda rugeze mu iterambere === Iterambere ry'u Rwanda rirebwa mu bihe bibiri: hagati ya 1962 na 1994, n'imyaka 30 iri hagati ya 1995 na 2025. Ubukungu bwavuye ku gusabiriza bugera ku bukungu bugabye amashami. Mu 1989, [[amabuye y'agaciro]] u Rwanda rwohereje mu mahanga yinjije amadovize angana na miliyoni 2.5 z'amadolari. Mu 2023, yinjije miliyari 1.1 y'amadolari. Uwo musaruro wikubye inshuro amagana. Iterambere nk'iri rigaragaza ko [[Ubukungu bw'U Rwanda|ubukungu bw'u Rwanda]] bwagabye amashami. Mu burezi, abasoza kaminuza bari bake. Mu 1994, abari barasoje kaminuza bari 2 870. Mu 2022, uwo mubare wageze ku 431 606. Imihanda myiza ifasha iterambere ry'igihugu. Mu 1993, u Rwanda rwari rufite km 530 z’imihanda ya kaburimbo. Uyu munsi, iyo mihanda igera kuri km 2 652. Ibi byoroshya ubuhahirane n'iterambere. Kugeza mu 1994, [[ubuvuzi]] mu Rwanda bwari ku rwego rwo hasi. Abaturage 2.6% gusa ni bo bari bafite ubwishingizi mu kwivuza. Iyo umuntu yarwaraga indwara ikomeye, umuryango we washoboraga gukena cyane. Rimwe na rimwe ntiyabonaga ubuvuzi ku gihe, akaba yapfa. Uyu munsi, Abanyarwanda 97.3% bafite ubwishingizi mu kwivuza. Serivisi z'ubuvuzi zariyongereye kandi zegerejwe abaturage.<ref>{{Cite report |title=Raporo z’Ikigega cy’Isi cy’Imari |publisher=Ikigega Mpuzamahanga cy’Imari (IMF) |language=rw}}</ref> == Amashyaka ya Politiki == [[Dosiye:Kagame.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Paul Kagame</span>]] U Rwanda ni igihugu kigendera kuri [[demokarasi]] y’amashyaka menshi. Amashyaka ya politiki n’abayayobora ni aya: [[Parti Démocratique Chrétien]] (PDC) iyobowe na [[Alfred Mukezamfura]] ; [[Parti Social Démocratique]] (PSD) iyobowe na [[Vincent Biruta]] ; [[Union Démocratique du Peuple Rwandais]] (UDPR) iyobowe na [[Adrien Rangira]] ; [[Mouvement Démocratique Républicain]] (MDR) yasheshwe ikaba yarayoborwaga na [[Kabanda Célestin]] ; [[Parti Démocratique Islamique]] (PDI) iyobowe na [[André Bumaya]] ; [[Parti Libéral]] (PL) iyobowe na [[Prosper Higiro]] ; na [[Ishyaka FPR - Inkotanyi|Front Patriotique Rwandais]] (FPR) iyobowe na [[Paul Kagame]]. Hari n’andi mashyaka yahagaritswe kubera ko atemewe n’amategeko. Ayo ni [[Parti Socialiste Rwandais]] (PSR), [[Parti pour le Progres et la Concorde]] (PPC) na Parti pour le Renouveau Démocratique. === Amashyaka yo mu wa 1959 === Amashyaka yo mu 1959 ari mu byiciro bibiri. Icya mbere ni ayo bamwe bita "partis nationaux". Ayo mashyaka yari afite abayoboke benshi kandi yari asakaye mu gihugu cyangwa mu duce tunini. Yari afite uburyo bugaragara bwo kwamamaza ibitekerezo byayo n'abayobozi bazwi. Ayo mashyaka n'igihe yavukiye ni aya: <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.grandslacs.net/doc/2529.pdf |title=Ubumwe bw'Abanyarwanda, Kigali, Kanama 1999 |access-date=2010-12-24 |archive-date=2010-07-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100704012542/http://www.grandslacs.net/doc/2529.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> :1. APROSOMA [[Association pour la Promotion Sociale de la Masse]] 15/02/1959 :2. UNAR [[Union Nationale Rwandaise]] 13/09/1959 :3. RADER [[Rassemblement Democratique Rwandaise]] 14/09/1959 :4. PARMEHUTU [[Parti du Mouvement de l’Emancipation des Bahutu]] 09/10/1959 Hari n'andi mashyaka agera hafi kuri makumyabiri atari afite uburemere nk'ayo ane. Amwe muri ayo mashyaka mato yari yegamiye ku mashyaka ane manini. Ayo mashyaka mato ni aya: :1) ABAKI [[Alliance des Bakiga]] :2) ABESC [[Association des Bahutu evuluant pour la suppression des castes]] :3) ACR [[Association des Cultivateurs du Rwanda]] :4) APADEC [[Association du Parti Democrate Chretien]] :5) APROCOMIN [[Association des Commerçants Indigenes]] :6) AREDETWA [[Association pour le Relevement Democratique des Batwa]] :7) ARUCO [[Alliance du Ruanda - Urundi et du Congo]] :8) ASSERU [[Association des Eleveurs du Rwanda]] :9) MOMOR [[Mouvement Monarchiste Rwandais]] :10) MUR [[Mouvement pour 1'Union Rwandaise]] :11) PAMOPRO [[Parti Monarchiste Progressiste]] :12) PSCR [[Parti Social Chrétien du Rwanda]] :13) UAARU [[Union des Aborozi Africains du Rwanda]] :14) UMAR [[Union des Masses Rwandaises]] :15) UNAFREUROP [[Union Afro-Europeenne]] :16) UNINTERCOKI [[Union des Intérêts Communs du Kinyaga]] == Ibigo n'inzego == * [[Banki Nkuru y'u Rwanda|Banki y’Amajyamabere y’u Rwanda]] (BRD) * [[Ofisi y’Ubukerarugendo na Pariki Nasiyonali mu Rwanda]] (ORTPN) * [[Perezidansi ya Repubulika]] * [[Ibiro Bikuru by’Ishoramari rya Leta n’Inkunga Ituruka Hanze y’Igihugu]] (CEPEX) * [[Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe Guteza Imbere Ishoramari n'Ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu Mahanga]] (RIEPA) * [[Urugaga Nyarwanda rw’Abikorera ku Giti cyabo]] (RPSF) [[Dosiye:I&M Bank Rwanda plc logo.png|thumb|Ikirango cya I&M Bank Rwanda]] == Amabanki == * [[Banki ya Kigali|Banque de Kigali]] (BK) * Banque Rwandaise de Développement (BRD) * I&M bank Rwanda * Compagnie Générale de Banque (COGEBANQUE) * Banque Commerciale du Rwanda (BCR) * Ecobank Rwanda * Banque de l'Habitat du Rwanda (BHR) * Banque Populaire du Rwanda (BPR) * Urwego Opportunity Microfinance Bank (UOMB) * BANCOR SA * Banque Populaire du Rwanda SA *[[Kenya]] commercial bank (KCB) *Equity bank *Urwego Opportunity Bank(UOB) *Zigama CSS *Co-operative Bank Rwanda == Sosiyete Sivile mu Rwanda == [[File:OLPC classroom teaching.JPG|thumbnail|[[:en:One Laptop per Child|OLPC]] classroom teaching]] Sosiyete sivile yo mu Rwanda ifite amateka yayo, imiterere yayo n’amashami menshi. Ifitanye imikoranire na Leta y'u Rwanda n’abaterankunga. Ihura kandi n’imbogamizi zitandukanye. Sosiyete sivile ni urwego rw’ubukorerabushake ruri hagati y’abaturage na Leta. Igizwe n'amashyirahamwe yigenga. Ayo mashyirahamwe yashinzwe n’abantu ku giti cyabo kugira ngo barengere amahame n’indangagaciro zabo. Sosiyete sivile ihuza amashyirahamwe y’abakozi bo mu nzego zose: abunganizi mu mategeko (avocats), amadini, amakoperative, amashyirahamwe y’abana n’ay’abagore, n’andi mashyirahamwe ashinzwe imibereho myiza y’abaturage. <ref name="KituoChaKatiba" /> * [[Kituo Cha Katiba]] * [[Avega Agahozo]] * [[Haguruka]] == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Imiyoboro == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20260616092247/http://presidency.gov.rw/ Perezidansi ya Repubulika y'u Rwanda] – urubuga rwemewe * [https://www.livinginkigali.com/ Living in Kigali] – amakuru ku buzima i Kigali * [https://web.archive.org/web/20230113062710/https://discover.rw/ Discover Rwanda] (archive, 13 Mutarama 2023) {{Afurika}} {{Commonscat|Rwanda}} [[Category:Rwanda]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] [[Category:Afurika]] 9857hgj11subzvm4cn373t43wdlboyc 0 2005 148741 133696 2026-11-03T14:35:51Z Score Beethoven 11559 148741 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox igihugu | common_name = Tanzaniya | conventional_long_name = Repubulika Yunze Ubumwe ya Tanzaniya | native_name = Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania<br />United Republic of Tanzania | image_flag = Flag of Tanzania.svg | image_coat = Coat of arms of Tanzania.svg | image_map = Tanzania (orthographic projection).svg | capital = [[Dodoma]] | largest_city = Dar es Salaam | official_languages = [[Igiswahili]] n'[[Icyongereza]] | leader_title1 = Perezida | leader_name1 = [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]] | sovereignty_type = Ishingwa | established_event1 = Ukwihuza kwa Tanganyika na [[Zanzibar]] | established_date1 = 1964 | area_km2 = 945500 | population_estimate = 70 551 000 | population_estimate_year = 2026 | currency = Ishilingi rya Tanzaniya | iso3166code = omit }} '''Tanzaniya''' (izina ryemewe: Repubulika Yunze Ubumwe ya Tanzaniya; mu [[Igiswahili]]: ''Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania''; mu [[Icyongereza]]: ''United Republic of Tanzania'') ni igihugu cyo muri [[Afurika]] y'Iburasirazuba. Kiri mu majyepfo gato ya Ekwateri. Umurwa mukuru ni [[Dodoma]]. Umujyi munini ni Dar es Salaam. Tanzaniya yashinzwe mu 1964, ubwo Tanganyika na [[Zanzibar]] byihuzaga. Indimi zemewe ni Igiswahili n'Icyongereza. Perezida wa Tanzaniya ni [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]]. == Imiterere == [[File:Dar es salaam City.jpg|thumb|left|Umujyi wa Dar es Salaam]] Igice cya Tanzaniya kiri ku mugabane gihana imbibi na [[Ubugande]], [[Ikiyaga cya Victoriya]] na [[Kenya]] mu majyaruguru. Mu burasirazuba, gikora ku Nyanja y'Abahinde. Mu majyepfo no mu majyepfo y'uburengerazuba, gihana imbibi na [[Mozambike]], [[Ikiyaga cya Malawi]], [[Malawi]] na [[Zambiya]]. Mu burengerazuba, gihana imbibi n'[[Ikiyaga cya Tanganyika]], [[Uburundi]] n'u [[Rwanda]].<ref name="britannica">{{Cite web |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Tanzania |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |language=en |access-date=2026-11-03}}</ref> Tanzaniya ifite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 945 500.<ref name="facts">{{Cite web |title=Tanzania: Quick Facts |url=https://www.britannica.com/facts/Tanzania |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |language=en |access-date=2026-11-03}}</ref> Uretse inkombe n'ibirwa, igice kinini cy'ubutaka buri ku mugabane kiri hejuru ya metero 200. Hari umusozi wa Kilimanjaro, ari wo muremure kurusha iyindi muri Afurika. Ufite ubutumburuke bwa metero 5 895. Ikiyaga cya Tanganyika ni icya kabiri ku isi mu kugira ubujyakuzimu burebure. Gifite ubujyakuzimu bwa metero 1 436.<ref name="britannica" /> == Amateka == Tanzaniya yashinzwe nk'igihugu cyigenga mu 1964. Yavutse ku kwihuza kwa Tanganyika na Zanzibar, byari ibihugu bitandukanye. Tanganyika ifata ibirenze 99 % by'ubuso bwose. Ibirwa bya Zanzibar na Pemba bifite ubutegetsi bwabyo bwihariye.<ref name="britannica" /> == Politiki == Tanzaniya ni repubulika ifite amashyaka menshi. Inteko ishinga amategeko ifite umutwe umwe. Perezida ni Samia Suluhu Hassan.<ref name="facts" /> == Abaturage n'imijyi == Mu mwaka wa 2026, Tanzaniya yari ifite abaturage bagera kuri 70 551 000 (ikigereranyo). Indimi zemewe ni Igiswahili n'Icyongereza.<ref name="facts" /> Dodoma, umurwa mukuru, iri hagati mu gihugu. Dar es Salaam ni wo mujyi munini kandi ni cyo cyambu kinini cy'igihugu.<ref name="britannica" /> == Ubukungu == Ifaranga rikoreshwa ni Ishilingi rya Tanzaniya.<ref name="facts" /> == Reba kandi == * [[Abaperezida ba Tanzaniya]] == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Tanzania|Amafoto ya Tanzaniya]] kuri Wikimedia Commons {{Afurika}} [[Ikiciro:Tanzaniya| ]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Ibihugu]] 2o4dl6m9tqxlumvfl1pc9dxbfme2kzt 0 2938 148767 144432 2026-11-03T15:44:10Z Score Beethoven 11559 148767 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Cecile_Kayirebwa.jpg|thumb|Ifoto ya Cecile Kayirebwa]]'''Cécile Kayirebwa''' (yavutse ku wa 22 Ukwakira 1946) ni umwanditsi, umusizi, n'umuririmbyikazi w'Umunyarwanda.<ref>https://rushyashya.net/cecile-kayirebwa-aritegura-gushyira-hanze-igitabo-cye-cya-mbere-yise-wowe-utuma-mpimba-kizaba-gikubiyemo-ibisigo-bye/</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Cecile Kayirebwa ni umunyarwanda wa mbere werekanye ko umuziki utazanywe mu [[Rwanda]] n’abazungu. Yamenyekanishije ubwiza bw’umuziki gakondo w’u Rwanda mu mahanga kandi kugeza n’ubu ntawe uramuhiga, ariganwa ariko ntarashyikirwa. Cécile Kayirebwa yavutse mu 1946 I [[Kigali]]. Kuri iki gihe,abantu bari babayeho mu mahoro nubwo u Rwanda rwari ku ngoyi y’umukoloni. Se yayoboraga chorale ya Paroisse akanigisha abana be indirimbo mu [[Ikinyarwanda|Kinyarwanda]] n’[[Ikilatini]]. Ageze muri secondaire yabaye umwe mu bashinze ''[[Rwandan Epic|Rwandan]] Song and Dance Circle'' ; ni bwo yatangiye kuririmba indirimbo gakondo atangira no guhimba ize bwite yishimisha, azitura inshuti ze cyangwa azinyujije kuri Radio [[Rwanda]].<ref>https://rushyashya.net/cecile-kayirebwa-aritegura-gushyira-hanze-igitabo-cye-cya-mbere-yise-wowe-utuma-mpimba-kizaba-gikubiyemo-ibisigo-bye/</ref> Akazi ke nka ''assistante sociale'' katumye ahura n’abantu bo mu bice bitandukanye by’[[igihugu]] n’ubwiza bw’umuco gakondo n’[[ubuvanganzo]] bitandukanye. Yatangiye gukorana n’abaririmbyi n’abacuranzi cyane cyane ab’inanga. Nk’umuntu ujijutse, yatangiye kubona ko umuziki gakondo Nyarwanda ushobora kuzatakaza agaciro, afata icyemezo cyo kuwuteza imbere no kuwumenyekanisha hose utarazimira. *[[1973|1974]] : Ibintu byatangiye kumera nabi mu gihugu Cécile n’umugabo we bahungira mu [[Ububiligi|Bubiligi]] aho akiri kugeza n’ubu ; kubona impapuro z’icumbi (les papiers de séjour) ntibyamworoheye. Yanahuye n’ivangura (''racisme'') ; *Hagati ya 1975 na 1980, yashinze itorero Inyange ryari rigizwe n’abagabo n’abagore. Nibwo twavuga ko yatangiye gutekereza ku kuririmba nk’umwuga ; *Muri 1981 nibwo yasohoye cassette ya mbere yari yarakorewe mu Bubiligi. Iyi yaje gukurikirwa n’izindi muri 1983 na 1986; *Hagati aho ariko muri [[1983]] yari yaratangiye kwiga ibyerekeye n’umuziko gakondo wa Kinyarwanda muri Musée Royal d’ Afrique Centrale (Tervuren) ; naho muri 1984 yatangiye gukorana na groupe Bula Sangoma kugeza na n’ubu ; *1986 ; yakinnye muri film ‘’Umulisa’’ *Muri 1987 yazenguritse u Rwanda na [[Ubugande|Uganda]] ari kumwe na Orchestre Ingeli yitabira n’ibirori byo kwibuka Umwami [[Mutara III Rudahigwa]] byari byateguwe n’Abanyarwanda babaga mu [[Ubusuwisi|Busuwisi]] ; *[[1988]]: yumvise ko nyina arwaye cyane ahita agaruka mu Rwanda ariko atinzwa mu nzira bituma asanga umukecuru yarangije kuvamo umwuka ; *Mu 1990 yasohoye cassette ye ya kane ’’Ubumanzi ‘’ yakunzwe bitangaje, anakora tournée y’amezi ane anakora ibitaramo byo gufasha imfubyi n’abarwaye SIDA ; *Muri 1994 nibwo yasohoye album ya nyayo yitwa ‘’[[Rwanda]]’’ mu nzu yitwa Globestyle yari ikubiyemo zimwe mu ndirimbo za cassette zabanje ; N’ubwo yakoze iki gikorwa kitoroshye ariko yababajwe cyane n'ubwicanyi bwabaye mu Rwanda aho [[Interahamwe]] zicaga abatutsi n'abahutu bashira mu gaciro mugihe FPR-Inkotanyi zari zatangije intambara yo kubohoza i gihugu. Kayirebwa nawe yatakaje abantu benshi yari azi. Ikindi ni uko muri iyi album yaririmbaga ubwiza bw’u Rwanda nk’igihugu abana bacyo bagomba kwitangira no kubanamo mu mahoro. Muri iyi album harimo indirimbo nka Rwanamiza,Tarihinda,Kana,Inkindi,Mundeke Mbaririmbire,Urusamaza,Rubyiruko,Umulisa,Cyusa,Ndare na Umunezero.<ref>https://www.google.com/search?q=cecile+kayirebwa+amateka+&rlz=1C1SQJL_enRW929RW929&sxsrf=ALiCzsZJpTafqyqiIz4TYRd_jVeeFU8-rQ%3A1652288306012&ei=Mut7YowdtoC6vg_us7P4CQ&ved=0ahUKEwiM_q7M9df3AhU2gM4BHe7ZDJ8Q4dUDCA0&uact=5&oq=cecile+kayirebwa+amateka+&gs_lcp=Cgdnd3Mtd2l6EAMyBQghEKABMggIIRAWEB0QHjoHCAAQRxCwAzoHCAAQsAMQQzoFCAAQgAQ6BggAEBYQHjoECAAQEzoICAAQFhAeEBNKBAhBGABKBAhGGABQ-AJYyBJg_RRoAXABeACAAd4DiAHvFpIBBTMtNy4xmAEAoAEByAEGwAEB&sclient=gws-wiz</ref> *[[1998]]: yitabiriye “Fespad” ya mbere i Kigali *[[1999]]: yitabiriye “Robben Island Event” I Cap muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika y’epfo]]. *[[2001]]: yitabiriye « Holocaust Memorial Event » i London anasohora “Rwanda Rugali” *[[2002]]: yasohoye album ye ya 2 “Amahoro” ahita anakora tournée muri [[Amerika ya Ruguru|Amerika ya ruguru]] (USA, Canada); *[[2005]]: yasohoye CD,”Ibihozo’’ *[[2006]]: Yaririmbye soundtrack ya film “Shooting Dogs” mu muziki wahimbwe na Dario Marianelli. == Notes == {{Reflist}} == Imiyoboro == *https://web.archive.org/web/20171119051132/http://africanmusiciansprofiles.com/CecileKayirebwa.htm <span style="color:grey;">(mu cyongereza)</span> [[Category:Abaririmbyi]] [[Category:Abagore]] man125w1onwoww0zknzaa2jjuc615xk 0 3017 148760 145778 2026-11-03T15:10:17Z Cnyirahabihirwe12345 13702 Gukosora amakosa y'imyandikire y'ikinyarwanda 148760 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Zea_mays_-_Köhler–s_Medizinal-Pflanzen-283.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikigori</span>]] [[Dosiye:Maispflanze.jpg|thumb|Maispflanze]] [[Dosiye:Maize plant diagram.svg|thumb|Maize plant diagram]] [[Dosiye:Starr-120606-7054-Zea mays-ears for sale-Laulima Farm Kipahulu-Maui (25026486812).jpg|thumb|ikigori]] [[Dosiye:Zea mays 'glass gem' MHNT.BOT.2015.34.43.jpg|thumb|Ikigori]] [[Dosiye:Zea mays 'lourdious' MHNT.BOT.2015.34.4.jpg|thumb|Ikigori]] [[Dosiye:Maize Plant (2).JPG|thumb|Maize Plant ]] [[Dosiye:Zea mays (2943636083).jpg|thumb|Zea mays ]] [[Dosiye:Zea mays 15-p.bot-zea.mays-19.jpg|thumb|Zea mays ]] [[Dosiye:Zea mays 15-p.bot-zea.mays-25.jpg|thumb|Imizi yigiti kikigori]] [[Dosiye:Zea mays 15-p.bot-zea.mays-24.jpg|thumb|Zea mays ]] [[Dosiye:Zea mays 15-p.bot-zea.mays-08.jpg|thumb|Ikigori]] [[Dosiye:Zea mays drought (01).jpg|thumb|Zea mays drought ]] [[Dosiye:Zea mays convar. saccharata cob.jpg|thumb|Ikigori]] [[Dosiye:Field in Drôme 01.jpg|thumb|Imurima wibigori]] [[Dosiye:Zea mays var. ceratina.jpg|thumb|Zea mays var]] [[Dosiye:Zea mays 004.JPG|thumb|Zea mays]] [[Dosiye:Specimen of Zea Mays Everta.jpg|thumb|Specimen of Zea Mays Everta]] [[Dosiye:Maisfeld - Zea mays 1.jpg|thumb|Maisfeld - Zea mays]] [[Dosiye:Zea mays subsp. Mays. Locatie De Kruidhof.JPG|thumb|Zea mays subsp. Mays]] [[Dosiye:Maize Farm in Northern Ghana.jpg|thumb|Maize Farm]] [[Dosiye:Zea mays subsp. mays inflorescence.jpg|thumb|Zea mays subsp]] [[Dosiye:Zea mays 15-p.bot-zea.mays-10.jpg|thumb|Ikigori]] [[Dosiye:Maize 4.jpg|thumb|Maize ]] [[Dosiye:Zea mays fraise MHNT.BOT.2011.18.21.jpg|thumb|Ikigori]] [[Dosiye:Maíz (Zea mays) - Coloración de los granos.jpg|thumb|Maíz (Zea mays) ]] [[Dosiye:Multicolored glass gem corn.jpg|thumb|GEM corn]] [[Dosiye:Glass gem corn with husk.jpg|thumb|'''Glass gem corn with husk''']] [[Dosiye:Zea mays 'Ottofile giallo Tortonese' MHNT.BOT.2015.34.1.jpg|thumb|Ikigori]] <ref>[https://www.bing.com/search?pglt=43&q=ikigori&cvid=28d3956e237c494ca8bfe52be0fc6c56&gs_lcrp=EgRlZGdlKgYIABBFGDkyBggAEEUYOTIGCAEQRRg8MgYIAhBFGDwyBggDEEUYPNIBCDMxNTBqMGoxqAIAsAIA&FORM=ANNTA1&PC=U531 ikigori - Search]</ref>'''Ikigori''' (''ubuke'': '''Ibigori'''; izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Zea mays''; izina mu [[cyongereza]]: ''Maize'' cyangwa ''Corn''; izina mu [[gifaransa]]: ''Maïs'') ni [[ikimera]] n’[[ikiribwa]]. === Intungamubiri === [[File:Ab food 06.jpg|thumb|Ikigori|249x249px]] [[Dosiye:Zea mays 'Ohcholi Sunul' MHNT.BOT.2015.34.10.jpg|left|thumb|ikigori]] Ikigoli , ni igihingwa kigira intungamubiri nyinshi, iyo umuntu ariye ikigoli kimwe, aba ariye intungamubiri zingana n'amagarama 100. Muri zo, harimo: amazi angana na garama 10,3. Garama 362 za [[kalisiyumu]], Karoli muri garama 100 zingana na 8,1. Harimo kandi amagarama 76,9 by’ibinyasukari, gararama 3,6 bya Lipide, gr 6,16 bya Vitamine A, 0,385 bya vitamine B1 NA Miligarama 0,201 za B2, miligarama 3,632 za vitamine B3 na PP, Miligarama 241 za acide gras, miligarama 304 z’umunyu ngugu na7,3 gr za Fibre, 6gr z’umunyu ngugu wa Feri, 3,5garama za [[Potasiyumu]], 2,87 garama za [[manyeziyumu]], 127gr za [[sodiyumu]] na 35garama za [[fosifori]]. Ikigori ni kimwe mu binyampeke bigaragara mu ifunguro ry’ibanze rya hafi kandi rifatiye runini umubiri w’umuntu. Nk’uko urubuga rwa interineti Doctissimo.fr rubivuga, ngo icyo kiribwa kigirira akamaro gakomeye umubiri w’umuntu, kuko gikungahaye ku bitera imbaraga byinshi n’ibyubaka umubiri biringaniye. Inzobere mu mbonezamirire zo mu kigo cya Mississippi zivuga ko icyo gihingwa gikize cyane kuri “Amido”ndetse kikaba gifite inkomoko muri Korombiya aho abaturage baho ba kera bagifataga nk’ikiribwa cy’ibanze. [[File:Ibigori.jpg|thumb|Ibigori]] [[File:Corncobs.jpg|thumb|250px|left|<span style="color:grey;">Ibigori</span>]] [[File:Zea mays fraise MHNT.BOT.2011.18.21.jpg|250px|thumb|IROZA]] [[File:Dent Corn 'Oaxacan Green' (Zea mays) MHNT 2.jpg|thumb|250px|INTETE ZICYATSI]] [[File:Zea mays 'Ottofile giallo Tortonese' MHNT.BOT.2015.34.1.jpg|thumb|250px|INTETE]] Icyo kiribwa cyaje gukwirakwira muri [[Afurika]], i [[Burayi]] n’ahandi, kikaba cyarafashe umwanya ukomeye mu binyampeke byahingwaga icyo gihe nk’ingano ndetse n’uburo aho ibyo binyampeke byavagamo ibintu byinshi bitandukanye nk’igikoma, ubugali n’ibindi. Kurya cyane icyo kinyampeke udakuraho ariko ngo si byiza kuko bishobora gutera indwara ya “Pelle-agra” ni ukuvuga indwara y’uruhu iterwa no kubura Vitamine PP. Ibyo ariko ngo bikaba biterwa n’ubutamenya bushingiye ku buryo icyo kinyampeke cyakagombye gukoreshwa. Ubundi ifu y’icyo kinyampeke ngo ikennye kuri proteyine za ngombwa umubiri ukeneye ariko ushobora kuba wazikura mu bindi biribwa ndetse bitanahenze bityo ibyo bikaba byaherekeza ifunguro ryiganjemo ibigori. Ariko kandi bitewe n’ikoranabuhanga rimaze gutera imbere igihingwa cy’ibigori ngo gisigaye kivangwa n’ibindi biribwa bityo ngo bigatanga indyo nziza kandi ikize ku ntungamubiri zose. [[Dosiye:Zea_mays_(2943636083).jpg|thumb|UMURIMA WIBIGORI]] Icyo gihe ikigori kiribwa gitetse, cyangwa bakifashisha ifarini yacyo aho bakoramo amoko menshi anyuranye y’ibiribwa rimwe na rimwe babanje kubicisha mu mavuta. Ikindi kandi hashobora kwifashishwa ifu igashyirwa hejuru y’inyama maze ukabishyira mu mavuta nk’uko biri mu muco gakondo w’Abanyamerika bafite inkomoko mu [[Ubuhinde|Buhinde]]. Ibigori ni kimwe mu binyampeke bihingwa ku isi yose, mu turere twose tw'ubuhinzi haba imisozi migifi, iringaniye ndetse n'imisozi miremire. Ibigori byera mu butaka bunyuranye cyane cyane byera neza mu butaka bw'isi ndende, buseseka kandi buhitisha amazi, burimo ibumba n'ifumbire y'imborera ibuha intungagihingwa zihagije. Ibigori bihingwa mu butaka bw'isi ndende, bubika amazi, bworoshye kandi bufumbiye. N'ubwo ibigori byera ku butaka bunyuranye, ntabwo byera neza mu butaka bwagundutse burimo umucanga mwinshi n'ibumba ryinshi, kereka bashyizemo ifumbire nyinshi mvaruganda, kandi ni ngombwa cyane guhinga bajya hasi kandi bagasukira kugira ngo amazi ahite neza.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://umutihealth.com/ibigori/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226124254/https://umutihealth.com/ibigori/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Amoko yamamazwa n’ibiyaranga === * Mu misozi migufi n’iciriritse hahingwa amoko ya Kigega (ZM607), ISARM081 (Pool15_ QPM_SR), Ndaruhutse (Pool 32), H513, SC513, SC525, ISARM101, ISARM103, RHM101, RHM102, RHM103. WH505. * Mu misozi miremire hera Tamira (Pool 9A), Mamesa (Pool 8A), ISARH071, PAN691,H 628, H 624 na PAN 691. * Hari kandi imbuto z'ibyimanyi ziboneka habanguriwe amoko asanzwe y'ibigori n'andi moko arangwa n'ibyo umushakashatsi ukora amoko y'imbuto yifuza (zihanganira amapfa cyangwa indwara n'ibyonnyi, yera vuba cyangwa se atanga umusaruro mwiza n'ibindi. Muri ayo moko twavuga: '''1. RHM104:'''yihanganira izuba kandi iberanye n'imisozi iringaniye kuva kuri m 900 kugeza kuri m 1800 z'ubutumburuke. Impuzandengo y'umusaruro ugera kuri toni 7.9kuri hegitari. Imbuto shingiro y'ubu bwoko ituburwa n'ishami rya RAB rishinzwe imbuto n’ama sosiyeti amwe n’amwe y’abikorera mu butubuzi bw’imbuto. '''2. RHM1407''': iberanye n'imisozi iciriritse, iri hagati ya m 900 na m 1800 z'ubutumburuke. Iyi mbuto yakorewe igenzura mu buryo bwa laburatwari n'uburyo busanzwe bigaragara ko yihanganira indwara ya Cyumya y'ibigori. Aho yageregerejwe yatanze umusaruro mpuzandengo wa toni 7.87 kuri Ha. '''3. RHT132:''' iberanye n'imisozi iringaniye, iri hagati ya m 1400 na m 2000 z'ubutumburuke. Yakorewe isuzuma muri Laburatwari no mu mirima hagamijwe kureba niba yihanganira indwara ya Cyumya y'ibigori, bigaragara ko iyihanganira. '''4. RHM1409:''' iberanye n'imisozi iringaniye, iri hagati ya m 900 na m 1700 z'ubutumburuke. Yakorewe isuzuma muri Laburatwari no mu mirima hagamijwe kureba niba yihanganira indwara ya Cyumya y'ibigori, bigaragara ko iyihanganira mu rugero. Umusaruro mpuzandengo wayo ni toni 8.67 kuri hegitari. '''5. RHM1402:''' iberanye n'imisozi iringaniye, iri hagati ya m 900 na m 1800 z'ubutumburuke. Itanga umusaruro mpuzandengo wa toni 8.59 kuri hegitari. Nta sosiyeti irafata iyi mbuto kugira ngo iyitubure. '''6. RHMM111:'''iberanye by'umwihariko n'imisozi iringaniye ariko ikonja. Ni imbuto yera vuba cyane, yerera iminsi 100. Itanga umusaruro mpuzandengo wa toni 6.16 kuri hegitari. '''7.''' '''RHMMM113:''' iberanye n'imisozi iringaniye iri hagati ya m 900 na m 1700 z'ubutumburuke. Ni imbuto yerera iminsi 110. Itanga umusaruro mpuzandengo wa toni 8.23 kuri hegitari. '''8.''' '''RHMH1520''' iberanye n'imisozi miremire, iri ku butumburuke muri hejuru ya m 1800. Ifite umusaruro mpuzantengo wa toni 7.8 kuri hegitari. [[Dosiye:Drying maize picture.jpg|thumb|Ikigoli]] 9. '''RHMH1521:''' : iberanye n'imisozi miremire, iri ku butumburuke muri hejuru ya m 1800. Ifite umusaruro mpuzantengo wa toni 7.8 kuri hegitari.<ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/amakuru-56336649</ref> === Uburyo bukoreshwa mu gutegura umurima === Mu [[Rwanda]], abahinzi benshi b'ibigori bakoresha uburyo bumenyerewe bwo gutegura umurima: * '''Isuka''' Uburyo bwo gutegura umurima bakoresheje isuka bukoreshwa cyane cyane n'abahinzi bafite ubutaka buto. Ubu buryo ntibwihuta, bukoresha abakozi benshi ariko burizewe. * '''Imashini zihinga''' Imashini zihinga zikoreshwa cyane cyane n'abahinzi bafite ubutaka buringanye cyangwa bunini kubera ko izi mashini zihenda kandi ntizibonerwe ibyuma bisimbura ibishaje ku buryo bworoshye, igiciro cyo hejuru cy'amavuta zikoresha ndetse n'igiciro gihanitse cyo kuzikodesha. * '''Imashini nto zisunikwa''' Ubu ni uburyo bwiza ku bahinzi bafite ubutaka buto cyangwa buringaniye kuko zikoresha amavuta make kandi zikaba zidahenze n'ubwo zitaberanye n'ubutaka bukomeye. Izi mashini zikoreshwa ibintu byinshi kandi biroroshye kuzikoresha. Icyakora abahinzi benshi ntibarasobanukirwa n'ibyiza byo gukoresha imashini, bitewe ahari n'uko zikiri nshya ku isoko. * '''Inyamaswa zihinga''' Ubu ni uburyo bwo gukoreshwa inyamaswa zikurura amasuka ahinga. Ubu buryo bufasha umuhinzi guhinga ubutaka bunini no gutera ibigori byinshi ugereranyije no guhingisha isuka isanzwe. Gusa rero ubu buryo ntibuberanye n'ubutaka bukomeye cyangwa buhanamye.Ubu buryo kandi busaba kugura no korora imfizi yifashishwa mu gukurura amasuka ahinga. Nyuma yo kureba uburyo bukoreshwa mu gutegure umurima, ni ngombwa kandi kurwanya isuri mu murima kugira ngo itazangiza ibigori umusaruro umuhinzi yari yizeye ntuboneke.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ehinga.org/kin/articles/maize/pests_and_diseases/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226124254/http://www.ehinga.org/kin/articles/maize/pests_and_diseases |url-status=dead }}</ref> * '''Kurwanya isuri hifashijwe :''' Amaterasi y’indinganire Gucukura imiringoti, Gutera ibiti bivangwa n'imyaka bifata ubutaka * '''Kurima bwa mbere''' bavanamo urwiri n'ibindi byatsi bibi  iyo biri mu murima. * '''Guhinga bwa kabiri''' (gutabira) cyangwa gusanza bagiye gutera imbuto. '''Gufumbira''' Mu murima ugiye guterwamo ibigori hashyirwa Toni 10 kuri ha z’ifumbire y’imborera iboze neza mu gihe cy’itabira. Iyo ubutaka bwagundutse cyane, batera ishwagara mu murima mu byumweru bibiri mbere yo gutera ku rugero rwa Toni 2,5 na Toni 5 z’ishwagara kuri ha, ikamaramo ibihembwe bine by‘ihinga. Hashyirwa mu murima ifumbire mvaruganda: kg 250 za NPK(17-17-17) kuri ha, cyangwa kg 100 za DAP mu gihe cy’itera cyangwa imaze kumera. Iyo hashize ibyumweru bitandatu nyuma yo gutera, bakongeramo 100 kg za Ire kuri ha.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubuhinzi/ubuhinzi/article/nyagatare-bishimiye-igiciro-gishya-cy-ibigori-bakifuza-ko-cyakurikizwa</ref> === Gutera imbuto === * Haterwa imbuto ingana na kg 20-25 z’imbuto kuri ha. * Ibigori biterwa ku ntera ya cm 80 hagati y’imirongo na cm 30 hagati y’utwobo tw’imbuto, kandi hagaterwa ibigori bibiri muri buri kobo. Iyo bashaka gutera ikigori kimwe mu kobo, batera ku ntera ya cm 70 hagati y’imirongo na cm 30 y’utwobo tw’imbuto. ==== Igihe cyo gutera ==== * Ku gihembwe cy’ihinga cy'umuhindo, mu misozi migufi no mu misozi iciriritse, batera ibigori mu byumweru bibiri bya nyuma by’ukwezi kwa Nzeli, n’ibyumweru bibiri bya mbere by’ukwezi k’Ukwakira.   * Ku gihembwe cy'ihinga cya kabiri, batera mu kwezi kwa Gashyantare. * Mu misozi mireremire, batera mu kwezi k’Ukwakira ku gihembwe cy’ihinga cya mbere no mu kwezi kwa Gashyantare mu gihembwe cya kabiri, ariko hari n’abageza mu kwezi kwa Werurwe bagitera. * Mu bishanga batera mu kwezi kwa Kamena, ibishanga bimaze kumuka.<ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/ubukungu/iterambere/article/hari-icyizere-ko-ku-bwiza-n-umusaruro-w-ibigori-byatuburiwe-mu-rwanda</ref> === Kubikenura (Kubikorera cyangwa gufata neza ibigori) === Imirimo ikorwa mu rwego rwo gukenura cyangwa gufata neza igihingwa cy'ibigori, harimo kubagara inshuro ebyiri, kwicira, no gusukira. * '''Kubagara''' Ibigori bibagarwa inshuro ya mbere bikimara kumera bifite cm 10 z’uburebure. Iryo bagara rigamije gukuramo ibyatsi bibi byacuranwa intungagihingwa n'ibigori, no kumena ubutaka kugira ngo ibigori bibashe gukura neza. * '''Kwicira''' Ibigori babyicira mu gihe babagara ubwa kabiri. Kwicira ni ukurandura utugori tudasa neza nk'ibindi, biba bigaragara ko tutazera neza cyangwa se kugabanya umubare w'ibigori  byameze mu mwobo umwe iyo birenze bibiri. * '''Gusukira/ Kuhira''' Iyo ibigori bimaze kugera ku burebure bwa cm30, barabisukira. Gusukira ni ukwegereza agataka ibigori, hagamijwe kubishyigikira kugira ngo bikure neza kandi bishinge imizi byoye guhungabanywa n'umuyaga. === Kurwanya indwara n’ibyonnyi by’ingenzi ku bigori === '''1. ''Nkongwa y’ibigori''''': ni udukoko bita Busseola fusca, sesania colanistis, eldana sacharina. Utwo dukoko dukwirakwizwa n’utunyugunyugu dutera amagi mu bigori mu gihe cy’imicyo. Ubwone bu­garagazwa n’imyobo mu ruti, mu ntete no ku mababi y’ibigori, ikikijwe n’amabyi ya nkong­wa.<ref>https://bwiza.com/?Ubucuruzi-bw-ibigori-byokeje-n-ibitetse-bwaciwe-i-Bujumbura</ref> ==== ''Ibimenyetso bya nkongwa y’ibigori'' ==== '''Ibimenyetso bya Nkongwa y’ibigori: ubwone bwa''' Busseola fusca ku mababi y’ibigori (A) imyobo y’ubwone (B) imyobo n’umwanda wa Nkongwa mu ruti rw’ikigori rw’ikigori (C), umutima w’igihingwa cy’kigori wapfuye(D), ubwone ku kigori n’intete zacyo, (E) n’imyobo yuzuyemo umwanda wa Nkongwa n.intete zariwe (F). Bayirwanya batera kare, basimburanya ibihingwa, kurunda ibigorigori mu kimpoteri cyabyo cyangwa gukoresha imiti nka Dursban 48% 1,5l/Ha cyangwa béta-cyfluthrine 2,5%  hakoreshejwe ml 10 z’umuti muri litiro 10 z’amazi kuri ari 1. '''2''. Indwara y’imigongo cyangwa ingenge y’amabara''''' bita “Maize streak virus” ikwirakwizwa n’agakoko bita Cicadulina rubila. Igaragazwa n’imirongo y’umweru ku kibabi.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://umuseke.rw/2023/02/breaking-impanuka-ikomeye-yubwanikiro-bwibigori-biravugwa-ko-yaguyemo-abantu/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226124259/https://umuseke.rw/2023/02/breaking-impanuka-ikomeye-yubwanikiro-bwibigori-biravugwa-ko-yaguyemo-abantu/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==== ''Ibimenyetso bw’ingenge z’amababi y’ibigori'' ==== Bayirwanya baterera rimwe kandi kare,  bakarandura ibyafashwe bishobora gukwirakwiza indwara. '''3. ''Kubabuka kw’amababi y’ibigori''''': iyi indwara iterwa n’agahumyo bita “Helmnthosporium turcicum“. Ni indwa­ra ifata amababi y’ikigori ikagaragazwa n’amabara manini arambuye ku mababi. Ikara cyane mu gihe cy’imvura.<ref>https://www.rba.co.rw/post/Bubakiwe-uruganda-rwibigori-ariko-rumaze-imyaka-2-rudakora</ref> ==== '''''Ibimenyetso by’indwara ibabura amababi y’ibigori'''''. ==== Mu kuyikumira no kuyirwanya, batera ku gihe imbuto zihanganira iyo ndwara kandi hagakores­hwa imbuto ihungijwe umuti wa Thiran na benomyl. Ni ngombwa kandi kurunda ibigorigori mu cyimpoteri cyabyo ahitaruye. '''4. ''Nkongwa idasanzwe''''' Nkongwa idasanzwe (Fall Armyworm: Spodoptera frugiper- da) ni icyonnyi kidasanzwe gitera igihombo kinini cyane iyo kitarwanyijwe bikwiye. Icyi cyonnyi cyibasira cyane cyane ibigori ndetse n’ibindi bihingwa nk’amasaka n’ibisheke. [[Dosiye:Zea mays male flowers.jpg|thumb|ikigori]] ''Nkongwa idasanzwe n’ubwone bwayo    Nkongwa idasanzwe ifite ishushyo y’inyuguti ya “Y”'' === Kuyirinda === * Guhinga ugeza isuka hasi  ugamije  kugaragaza, kuvanamo cyangwa gutaba  nkongwa    n’ibikonoshwa byayo, * Kubagara umurima igihe cyose hagaragayemo ibyatsi no kugira isuku mu nkengero zawo, * Gukura mu murima ibisigazwa by’ibihingwa nyuma yo gusarura, * Kongerera ibihingwa ubudahangarwa hakoreshwa ifumbire y’imborera iboze neza n’imvar   uganda ku bipimo nyabyo hamwe no kuhira, * Gusimburanya mu murima ibinyampeke n’ibinyamisogwe (ibishyimbo, [[soya]],..) cyangwa   n’ibinyabijumba (ibirayi, ibijumba), * Gusura umurima byibuze inshuro eshatu mu cyumweru, ureba niba nta bimenyetso by’iki   cyonnyi birimo. Igihe ubisanzemo ihutire gutanga amakuru ku babishinzwe (Abajyanamab’ubuhinzi, abafashamyumvire, n’abashinzwe ubuhinzi mu Kagari, Umurenge, Akarere,RAB…) === Kuyirwanya === * Gutoragura nkongwa mumurima no kuzica, * Gukoresha umuti wica udukoko nka: * Cypermethrin 4%+profenofos 40% (urugero: roket, target, cypro, jaket,…)    ku rugero rwa 1-2 ml z’umuti muri 1l z’amazi, * Lambda-Cyhalothrin 50g/l, ku rugero rwa 1-2 ml z’umuti muri 1l z’amazi, * Pyrethrum 5% EWC, ku rugero rwa 8ml muri 1l y’amazi * Acetamiprid 20g/l + Lambda-Cyhalothrin 16g/l, 4-6ml muri 1l y’amazi, * Imidacloprid 200g/l ku rugero rwa 1ml muri 1l y’amazi. === ''Cyumya/ Kirabiranya y’ibigori'' === Cyumya/ Kirabiranya y’ibigori ni idwara iterwa na virusi z’ubwoko bubiri ari zo  ''Maize chlorotic mottle virus'' (Machlomovirus: Tombusviridae) na  ''Sugarcane mosaic virus'' (Potyvirus: Potyviridae) cyangwa se ubundi bwoko bwa virusi ifata ibinyampeke yo mu bwoko bwitwa Potyviridae. '''Ibimenyetso''' Cyumya/ Kirabiranya y’ibigori yigaragaza ku buryo bwinshi bitewe n’ubwoko, ikigero cy’ubwandu n’ibihe. Mu bimenyetso biyigaragaza harimo amababi y’ikigori cyafashwe ahinduka umuhondo hanyuma agatangira kwuma ahereye ku mpande agana imbere. Iyo gifashwe kikiri gito cyuma gihereye ku mutwe. Iyo gifashwe cyaramaze guheka, umuheko ugaragara nk’aho ikigori cyeze, nyamara iyo uwuvanyeho ibishishwa usanga imbere intete zidakuze kandi ari nke cyane (Castillo and Herbert, 1974; Castillo Loayza, 1977; Niblett and Caflin, 1978; Uyemoto et al., 1981).<ref>https://www.radiyoyacuvoa.com/a/6946641.html</ref> === Uburyo bwo kuyirinda no kuyirwanya === * Gukoresha imbuto zujuje ubuziranenge ziboneka ku bacuruzi b’inyongera  musaruro bemewe; * Gukurikiza amabwiriza y’imihingire myiza atangwa n’abamamaza buhinzi (urugero: guterera ku gihe, guterera rimwe, intera zo gutereraho, igerambuto, gufumbira neza, kubagara, n’ibindi…), * Kurandura no gukuraho ibigori byose byagaragaje uburwayi bigatabwa nibura mu cyobo gifite metero imwe (m1) y’ubujyakuzimu, * Kwirinda gutera ibigori hafi y’umurima ugaragaramo Cyumya/Kirabiranya, * Gusimburanya ibigori n’ibindi bihingwa bitari ibinyampeke, * Kutagaburira amatungo impungure zasaruwe ku bigori birwaye, * Kwirinda gukwirakwiza imbuto cyangwa ibikomoka ku bigori byagarayeho indwara, uva mu karere ujya mu kandi.<ref>https://umuryango.rw/ubuzima-115/article/kigali-biravugwa-ko-impanuka-ikomeye-y-ubwanikiro-bw-ibigori-bwaguye-yahitanye</ref> === Gusarura === * Sarura ibigori bimaze kwera neza no kuma, * Amababi n’ibishishwa biba byarumye * Igice cy’ikigori gifashe ku giti kiba cyatangiye guhindura ibara kibaba ikigina cyangwa umukara, * Bigori biba byumye utabyotsa * Iyo usatuye intete usanga imbere harumye * Byibyra ¾ by’ibigori biba byaratangiye kugwa bisa n’ibigiye kuva ku biti, * Urugero rw’ubuhehere ruba rugeze kuri 35%. ==== Gutema, kwanika no gutonora ibigori ==== * Bishobora gukorwa n’intoki bahwanyuza kimwe kimwe cyangwa bagatema ibiti byabyo bikiriho ibigori hanyuma bakabyanika mu murima kugira ngo bikomeze kuma. Ibigori byanitse mu murima byuma nka nyuma y’ibyumweru kuva kuri kimwe kugera kuri bitatu  bitewe n’uko ibihe by’izuba n’imvura bimeze. Nyuma y’aho ibigori bishobora gutonorwa  bigahunikwa.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://yegob.rw/sobanukirwa-akamaro-ko-gukoresha-imisatsi-yibigori/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226124258/https://yegob.rw/sobanukirwa-akamaro-ko-gukoresha-imisatsi-yibigori/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Kumisha no guhumgura === Kwanika ibigori mu murima bishobora kunganirwa no kongera kubyanika mu nyubako zabugenewe kuko bigabanya ibyago byo kuzana uruhumbu. Ibigori bishobora kujyanwa hanze y’ubwanikiro bikanikwa ku zuba ku birago cyangwa ibindi bikoresho kugira ngo byume neza bigere ku ugero rw’ubuhehere rwifuzwa mbere y’uko bihungurwa. Ibigori bigomba guhungurwa bigeze ku gipimo cy’ubuhehere cya 13-14%. Guhungura n’intoki ni bwo buryo bumenyerewe. Ubundi buryo bwo guhunguza udukoresho bafata mu ntoki cyangwa imashini zihungura ibigori bishobora koroshya akazi no kongera ubushobozi bwo guhungura byinshi. ''Akuma gahungura ibigori   Imashini ihungura ibigori.'' Ibigori bihungurwa kubera impamvu zikurikira: * Guhungira intete biroroha kandi bikagira umumaro kurushaho, * Kubihungira bikorwa n’uuti muke * Ibigori bihunguye bimara igihe kinini bitangiritse * Hakenerwa umwanya muto wo kubihunika * Biroroshye kugenzura no gusuzuma umusaruro * Ibyonnyi ntibibyangiza nk’uko byakwangiza ibigori bidahunguye.Iyo ibigori bimaze guhungurwa, biragosorwa, bigahungirwa hakoreshejwe umuti wa Actellic super ku rugero rwa gr 10 z’umuti muri kg 100 z’ibigori. === Guhunika === * Ibigori byumye bishobora guhunikwa bidahunguye cyangwa ari intete zigunguye.  Bihunikwa mu bitebo, ibigega cyangwa imifuka. Imifuka igomba guterekwa ku mbaho zigiye hejuru y’ubutaka kugira ngo umwuka utemberemo.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://muhaziyacu.rw/amakuru/intandaro-yigabanuka-ryumusaruro-wibigori-muri-bugesera/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226124251/https://muhaziyacu.rw/amakuru/intandaro-yigabanuka-ryumusaruro-wibigori-muri-bugesera/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Imiyoboro == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110728134018/http://www.orinfor.gov.rw/printmedia/news.php?type=rw&volumeid=141&cat=35&storyid=3949 Ikigori : Ingirakamaro mu bitunga umubiri] == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Ibigori]] [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Ubuhinzi]] nklxnistzhmgkydc067rivrsp4knwa8 0 3261 148577 143685 2026-11-03T13:03:03Z Score Beethoven 11559 148577 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Akarere ka Rutsiro''' ni kamwe mu turere turindwi tugize [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Kari ku [[Ikiyaga cya Kivu]]. Gafite ubuso bwa 1 157,3 km² n'abaturage 369 180. Kagizwe n'imirenge 13. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → Uturere → [[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Imirenge]] → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Ubuso n'imbibi == Mu majyaruguru, Akarere ka Rutsiro gahana imbibi n'[[Akarere ka Rubavu]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.rubavu.gov.rw/akarere/menya-akarere |title=Menya Akarere |website=rubavu.gov.rw |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-22}}</ref> Mu burasirazuba hari [[Akarere ka Ngororero]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ngororero.gov.rw/akarere/menya-akarere |title=Menya Akarere |website=ngororero.gov.rw |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-22}}</ref> Mu majyepfo hari [[Akarere ka Karongi]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.karongi.gov.rw/akarere/menya-akarere |title=Menya Akarere |website=karongi.gov.rw |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-21}}</ref> Mu burengerazuba, akarere gakora ku Kiyaga cya Kivu.<ref name="menya">{{Cite web |url=https://www.rutsiro.gov.rw/akarere/menya-akarere |title=Menya Akarere |website=rutsiro.gov.rw |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-22}}</ref> Icyicaro cy'akarere kiri mu Murenge wa Gihango, mu Kagari ka Congo-Nil, mu Mudugudu wa Nduba. Akarere kagizwe n'[[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|imirenge]] 13, [[akagari|utugari]] 62 n'[[imidugudu]] 482. Gafite ubuso bwa 1 157,3 km² n'abaturage 369 180.<ref name="menya"/> == Imirenge == Akarere ka Rutsiro kagizwe n'imirenge 13:<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/32__rutsiro/ |title=Rutsiro (District, Rwanda) – Sectors |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-22}}</ref> {{div col|colwidth=15em}} # Boneza # Gihango # Kigeyo # Kivumu # Manihira # Mukura # Murunda # Musasa # Mushonyi # Mushubati # Nyabirasi # Ruhango # Rusebeya {{div col end}} == Ubukerarugendo n'ibidukikije == [[File:A Kivu belt Road in Rutsiro District, Western Province of Rwanda. Emmanuel Kwizera.jpg|thumb|left|Umuhanda wa Kivu Belt mu Karere ka Rutsiro]] Akarere ka Rutsiro kazwi kubera Umurwa w'Umubyeyi Bikira Mariya kuri Crête Congo-Nil. Gafite igice cya [[Pariki y'ishyamba rya Gishwati-Mukura|Pariki y'Igihugu ya Gishwati-Mukura]]. Muri iyi pariki haba inkima n'inkende. Hari kandi inzira z'ubukerarugendo za Congo Nil na Rutsiro Riverside.<ref name="menya"/> Amashyamba aterwa afite ubuso bwa hegitari 10 395. Amashyamba kimeza n'inkengero zayo afite ubuso bwa hegitari 3 706,5.<ref name="menya"/> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Rutsiro District|Amafoto y'Akarere ka Rutsiro]] kuri Wikimedia Commons {{Palette Intara n'Uturere by'u Rwanda}} {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Rutsiro}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Rutsiro]] [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Rutsiro| ]] 6zrj62fi7is2kkomr8mjbpt7cn7my7h 0 3263 148554 143664 2026-11-03T13:01:58Z Score Beethoven 11559 148554 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Akarere ka Huye''' ni kamwe mu turere umunani tugize [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Intara y'Amajyepfo]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Gafite ubuso bwa 581,5 km² n'abaturage 381 900. Kagizwe n'imirenge 14. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → Uturere → [[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Imirenge]] → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Ubuso n'imbibi == [[File:National Museum of Rwanda - Butare - Flickr - Dave Proffer (2).jpg|thumb|left|[[Ingoro ndangamurage y’Imibereho y’abanyarwanda (Rwanda)|Ingoro ndangamurage y’Imibereho y’Abanyarwanda]] i Huye]] Mu majyaruguru, Akarere ka Huye gahana imbibi n'[[Akarere ka Nyanza]]. Mu majyepfo hari [[Akarere ka Nyaruguru]]. Mu burengerazuba hari [[Akarere ka Nyamagabe]]. Mu burasirazuba hari [[Akarere ka Gisagara]].<ref name="menya">{{Cite web |url=https://www.huye.gov.rw/akarere/menya-akarere |title=Menya Akarere |website=huye.gov.rw |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-22}}</ref> Akarere kagizwe n'[[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|imirenge]] 14, [[akagari|utugari]] 77 n'[[imidugudu]] 508. Gafite ubuso bwa 581,5 km². Muri 2022, gafite abaturage 381 900. Ubucucike ni abaturage 657 kuri km². Umujyi w'Akarere ka Huye ni umwe mu mijyi yunganira [[Kigali|Umujyi wa Kigali]].<ref name="menya"/> == Imirenge == Akarere ka Huye kagizwe n'imirenge 14:<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/24__huye/ |title=Huye (District, Rwanda) – Sectors |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-22}}</ref> {{div col|colwidth=15em}} # Gishamvu # Huye # Karama # [[Umurenge wa Kigoma|Kigoma]] # Kinazi # Maraba # Mbazi # Mukura # Ngoma # Ruhashya # Rusatira # Rwaniro # Simbi # [[Umurenge wa Tumba|Tumba]] {{div col end}} == Reba kandi == * [[Ishyamba rya Arboretum I Ruhande]] * [[Kaminuza y'u Rwanda]] == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Huye District|Amafoto y'Akarere ka Huye]] kuri Wikimedia Commons {{Palette Intara n'Uturere by'u Rwanda}} {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Huye}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Huye]] [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Huye| ]] f05pt2m12pk3ayxq17040dw95euzoaw 0 3264 148570 143678 2026-11-03T13:02:39Z Score Beethoven 11559 148570 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Akarere ka Nyanza''' ni kamwe mu turere umunani tugize [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Intara y'Amajyepfo]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Kazwi nk'igicumbi cy'umuco n'amateka by'u Rwanda. Gafite ubuso bwa 671,2 km² n'abaturage 365 718. Kagizwe n'imirenge 10. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → Uturere → [[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Imirenge]] → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Amateka n'ubukerarugendo == [[File:King of Rwanda's Inyambo cattle in Nyanza (8).jpg|thumb|left|Inyambo z'Umwami i Nyanza]] Nyanza yabaye umurwa w'ubwami bw'u Rwanda guhera mu mwaka wa 1899. Ni yo mpamvu akarere kazwi nk'igicumbi cy'umuco n'amateka by'u Rwanda.<ref name="menya">{{Cite web |url=https://www.nyanza.gov.rw/akarere/menya-akarere |title=Menya Akarere |website=nyanza.gov.rw |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-22}}</ref> Ahantu nyaburanga h'ingenzi ni Ingoro y'Amateka y'Abami mu Rukari, Ingoro yo Kwigira n'Icyuzi cya Nyamagana. Hari kandi inzira gakondo z'ubukerarugendo. Ubukungu bw'akarere bushingiye ku buhinzi, ubworozi, ubucuruzi n'ubukerarugendo.<ref name="menya"/> == Ubuso n'abaturage == Akarere ka Nyanza kagizwe n'[[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|imirenge]] 10, [[akagari|utugari]] 51 n'[[imidugudu]] 420. Gafite ubuso bwa 671,2 km². Gatuwe n'abaturage 365 718 n'ingo 93 007. Ubucucike ni abaturage 545 kuri km².<ref name="menya"/> == Imirenge == Akarere ka Nyanza kagizwe n'imirenge 10:<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/21__nyanza/ |title=Nyanza (District, Rwanda) – Sectors |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-22}}</ref> {{div col|colwidth=15em}} # Busasamana # Busoro # Cyabakamyi # Kibirizi # Kigoma # Mukingo # Muyira # Ntyazo # Nyagisozi # Rwabicuma {{div col end}} == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Nyanza District|Amafoto y'Akarere ka Nyanza]] kuri Wikimedia Commons {{Palette Intara n'Uturere by'u Rwanda}} {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Nyanza}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Nyanza]] [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Nyanza| ]] 2yrkialke6na5e4y898k51op2l7yuiz 0 3269 148551 143661 2026-11-03T13:01:51Z Score Beethoven 11559 148551 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Akarere ka Gatsibo''' ni kamwe mu turere turindwi tugize [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Gaherereye iburasirazuba bw'Intara. Gafite ubuso bwa 1 585,3 km² n'abaturage 551 164. Kagizwe n'imirenge 14. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → Uturere → [[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Imirenge]] → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Ubuso n'imbibi == Akarere ka Gatsibo gahana imbibi n'uturere twa [[Akarere ka Nyagatare|Nyagatare]], [[Akarere ka Kayonza|Kayonza]], [[Akarere ka Rwamagana|Rwamagana]] na [[Akarere ka Gicumbi|Gicumbi]]. Akarere kagizwe n'[[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|imirenge]] 14, [[akagari|utugari]] 69 n'imidugudu 602. Gafite ubuso bwa 1 585,3 km². Muri 2022, gafite abaturage 551 164. Ibiro by'akarere biri mu Murenge wa Kabarore.<ref name="menya">{{Cite web |url=https://www.gatsibo.gov.rw/updates/announcements-1 |title=Menya Akarere |website=gatsibo.gov.rw |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-21}}</ref> == Imirenge == Akarere ka Gatsibo kagizwe n'imirenge 14:<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.gatsibo.gov.rw/updates/announcements/imirenge-nutugari |title=Imirenge n'utugari |website=gatsibo.gov.rw |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-21}}</ref> {{div col|colwidth=15em}} # [[Umurenge wa Gasange|Gasange]] # [[Umurenge wa Gatsibo|Gatsibo]] # Gitoki # Kabarore # Kageyo # [[Umurenge wa Kiramuruzi|Kiramuruzi]] # [[Umurenge wa Kiziguro|Kiziguro]] # Muhura # Murambi # Ngarama # [[Umurenge wa Nyagihanga|Nyagihanga]] # Remera # Rugarama # Rwimbogo {{div col end}} == Ubukungu == [[File:Banana plantation in Gatsibo.jpg|thumb|left|Urutoki muri Gatsibo]] Ubukungu bw'akarere bushingiye ku buhinzi, ubworozi n'ubucuruzi. Abahinzi bahinga cyane cyane ibigori, ibishyimbo n'umuceri. Muri Mata 2023, abaturage 48 % ni bo bari bafite amashanyarazi. Akarere kateganyaga kugera kuri 80 % mu mpera za 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/gatsibo-2023-izarangira-80-bafite-umuriro-w-amashanyarazi |title=Gatsibo: 2023 izarangira 80% bafite umuriro w'amashanyarazi |website=Kigali Today |date=2023-04-26 |language=rw}}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Gatsibo District|Amafoto y'Akarere ka Gatsibo]] kuri Wikimedia Commons {{Palette Intara n'Uturere by'u Rwanda}} {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Gatsibo}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Gatsibo]] [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Gatsibo| ]] 32kgtm88nje8h6rmzl1o1a3vavhi5dv 0 3272 148557 143666 2026-11-03T13:02:03Z Score Beethoven 11559 148557 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Akarere ka Karongi''' ni kamwe mu turere turindwi tugize [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Kari ku [[Ikiyaga cya Kivu]]. Gafite ubuso bwa 993 km² n'abaturage 373 869. Kagizwe n'imirenge 13. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → Uturere → [[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Imirenge]] → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Ubuso n'imbibi == Mu majyaruguru, Akarere ka Karongi gahana imbibi n'uturere twa [[Akarere ka Rutsiro|Rutsiro]] na [[Akarere ka Ngororero|Ngororero]]. Mu burasirazuba, gahana imbibi n'uturere twa [[Akarere ka Ruhango|Ruhango]] na [[Akarere ka Muhanga|Muhanga]] two mu Ntara y'Amajyepfo. Mu majyepfo hari [[Akarere ka Nyamagabe]]. Mu majyepfo ashyira uburengerazuba hari [[Akarere ka Nyamasheke]]. Mu burengerazuba, Ikiyaga cya Kivu kigabanya akarere na [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]]. Akarere kagizwe n'[[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|imirenge]] 13, [[akagari|utugari]] 88 n'[[imidugudu]] 537. Gafite ubuso bwa 993 km². Muri 2022, gafite abaturage 373 869, ni ukuvuga abaturage 377 kuri km².<ref name="menya">{{Cite web |url=https://www.karongi.gov.rw/akarere/menya-akarere |title=Menya Akarere |website=karongi.gov.rw |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-21}}</ref> == Imirenge == {{div col|colwidth=15em}} # [[Umurenge wa Bwishyura|Bwishyura]] # Gashari # Gishyita # Gitesi # Mubuga # Murambi # Murundi # Mutuntu # Rubengera # Rugabano # Ruganda # Rwankuba # Twumba {{div col end}} == Ubukungu == [[File:Mugonero Hills.jpg|thumb|left|Imisozi ya Mugonero]] Igice kimwe cy'akarere kiri ku [[Kongo Nili|Isunzu rya Kongo-Nili]]. Ubukonje bwaho butuma [[icyayi]] cya Gisovu kigira uburyohe bwihariye. Ibindi bihingwa ni ibigori, amashaza, ibirayi n'ingano. Hafi y'Ikiyaga cya Kivu bahinga ikawa, ibigori, imyumbati, ibijumba, ibishyimbo, imboga n'imbuto.<ref name="menya"/> == Ubukerarugendo == Akarere ka Karongi gafite ahantu nyaburanga henshi. Harimo [[Isoko ya nil|Isoko ya Nili]], inkengero z'Ikiyaga cya Kivu, Ibigabiro bya Rwabugiri, [[Pariki ya Nyungwe]], icyayi cya Gisovu n'[[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Bisesero]].<ref name="menya"/> Akarere ka Karongi gafite ahantu habiri hari ku rutonde rw'Umurage w'Isi wa UNESCO: Ishyamba rya Nyungwe n'Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Bisesero. Ahandi hantu nyaburanga ni urutare rwa Rwabisuka mu Murenge wa Rugabano. Uru rutare rufite uburebure bwa metero 200. Hari kandi Isumo rya Coza n'umusozi wa Sakinnyaga.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.igihe.com/ubukerarugendo/article/ibintu-birindwi-bigira-umwihariko-karongi-y-ubukerarugendo |title=Ibintu birindwi bibumbatiye ubwiza bwa Karongi y'ubukerarugendo |website=IGIHE |date=2025-06-08 |language=rw}}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Karongi District|Amafoto y'Akarere ka Karongi]] kuri Wikimedia Commons {{Palette Intara n'Uturere by'u Rwanda}} {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Karongi}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Karongi]] [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Karongi| ]] s3e20t8bxsbpxe23rm0trl0keoz5xun 0 3275 148561 143670 2026-11-03T13:02:15Z Score Beethoven 11559 148561 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Akarere ka Muhanga''' ni kamwe mu turere umunani tugize [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Intara y'Amajyepfo]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Gafite ubuso bwa 647,7 km² n'abaturage 369 491. Kagizwe n'imirenge 12. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → Uturere → [[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Imirenge]] → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Ubuso n'imbibi == [[File:Busy people in Muhanga District.jpg|thumb|left|Abantu mu mujyi wa Muhanga]] Mu majyaruguru, Akarere ka Muhanga gahana imbibi n'[[Akarere ka Gakenke]]. Mu majyepfo hari [[Akarere ka Ruhango]]. Mu burasirazuba hari [[Akarere ka Kamonyi]]. Mu burengerazuba hari [[Akarere ka Ngororero]].<ref name="menya">{{Cite web |url=https://www.muhanga.gov.rw/akarere/menya-akarere |title=Menya Akarere |website=muhanga.gov.rw |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-22}}</ref> Akarere kagizwe n'[[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|imirenge]] 12, [[akagari|utugari]] 63 n'[[imidugudu]] 331. Gafite ubuso bwa 647,7 km². Gatuwe n'abaturage 369 491 n'ingo 87 342. Igice cy'umujyi kigizwe n'imirenge ya Nyamabuye, Shyogwe, Cyeza na Muhanga.<ref name="menya"/> == Imirenge == Akarere ka Muhanga kagizwe n'imirenge 12:<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/27__muhanga/ |title=Muhanga (District, Rwanda) – Sectors |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-22}}</ref> {{div col|colwidth=15em}} # Cyeza # Kabacuzi # Kibangu # Kiyumba # Muhanga # Mushishiro # Nyabinoni # Nyamabuye # Nyarusange # Rongi # Rugendabari # [[Umurenge wa Shyogwe|Shyogwe]] {{div col end}} == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Muhanga District|Amafoto y'Akarere ka Muhanga]] kuri Wikimedia Commons {{Palette Intara n'Uturere by'u Rwanda}} {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Muhanga}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Muhanga]] [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Muhanga| ]] hs7v2x9q2fmpuu6mwh7klciwbd2x6gr 0 3276 148563 143672 2026-11-03T13:02:21Z Score Beethoven 11559 148563 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Akarere ka Ngoma''' ni kamwe mu turere turindwi tugize [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Ibiro byako biri i Kibungo. Gafite ubuso bwa 867,74 km² n'abaturage 404 048. Kagizwe n'imirenge 14. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → Uturere → [[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Imirenge]] → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Ubuso n'imbibi == [[File:Cyasemakamba Stadium (cropped).jpg|thumb|left|Sitade ya Cyasemakamba i Kibungo]] Akarere ka Ngoma gahana imbibi n'uturere dukurikira: * mu burengerazuba bw'amajyaruguru: [[Akarere ka Rwamagana|Rwamagana]]; * mu burasirazuba bw'amajyaruguru: [[Akarere ka Kayonza|Kayonza]]; * mu burengerazuba: [[Akarere ka Bugesera|Bugesera]]; * mu burasirazuba: [[Akarere ka Kirehe|Kirehe]]; * mu majyepfo: Komini Giteranyi yo mu Ntara ya Muyinga, mu [[Uburundi]]. Ibiro by'akarere biri mu Murenge wa Kibungo, mu Kagari ka Cyasemakamba. Akarere kagizwe n'[[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|imirenge]] 14, [[akagari|utugari]] 64 n'[[imidugudu]] 473. Gafite ubuso bwa 867,74 km². Muri 2022, gafite abaturage 404 048, ni ukuvuga abaturage 469 kuri km².<ref name="menya">{{Cite web |url=https://www.ngoma.gov.rw/akarere/1 |title=Menya Akarere |website=ngoma.gov.rw |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-21}}</ref> == Imirenge == Akarere ka Ngoma kagizwe n'imirenge 14:<ref name="menya"/> {{div col|colwidth=15em}} # Gashanda # Jarama # Karembo # [[Umurenge wa Kazo|Kazo]] # Kibungo # [[Umurenge wa Mugesera|Mugesera]] # [[Umurenge wa Murama|Murama]] # Mutenderi # Remera # Rukira # Rukumberi # Rurenge # Sake # Zaza {{div col end}} == Ubukerarugendo == Akarere ka Ngoma gafite ahantu nyaburanga hakurura ba mukerarugendo. Harimo [[Ikiyaga cya Mugesera]], [[Ikiyaga cya Sake]], Ikiyaga cya Birira n'Umugezi w'Akagera. Mu Murenge wa Zaza, ku nkengero z'Ikiyaga cya Mugesera, harimo kubakwa hoteli y'inyenyeri eshanu. Yitwa Lakeside Recreation Resort.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://muhaziyacu.rw/amakuru/ngoma-turebe-ubwiza-bwa-hoteli-iri-kubakwa-ku-nkengero-zikiyaga-cya-mugeseraamafoto/ |title=Ngoma: Turebe ubwiza bwa hoteli iri kubakwa ku nkengero z'Ikiyaga cya Mugesera |website=Muhazi Yacu |author=Angelo Manzi |date=2024-11-09 |language=rw |access-date=2025-06-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241107100103/https://muhaziyacu.rw/amakuru/ngoma-turebe-ubwiza-bwa-hoteli-iri-kubakwa-ku-nkengero-zikiyaga-cya-mugeseraamafoto/ |archive-date=2024-11-07 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Imikino == Muri 2025, amakipe ya volleyball y'Akarere ka Ngoma yegukanye igikombe cy'Umurenge Kagame Cup mu Ntara y'Iburasirazuba. Ikipe y'abagabo yatsinze iya Bugesera. Ikipe y'abagore yatsinze iya Kayonza.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ngoma.gov.rw/soma-ibindi/ngoma-yongeye-kwisubiza-igikombe-cyamarushanwa-umurenge-kagame-cup-ku-rwego-rwintara-yiburasirazuba |title=Ngoma yongeye kwisubiza igikombe cy'amarushanwa Umurenge Kagame Cup ku rwego rw'Intara y'Iburasirazuba |website=ngoma.gov.rw |language=rw |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250331113740/https://www.ngoma.gov.rw/soma-ibindi/ngoma-yongeye-kwisubiza-igikombe-cyamarushanwa-umurenge-kagame-cup-ku-rwego-rwintara-yiburasirazuba |archive-date=2025-03-31 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Mu karere, Umurenge wa Jarama wegukanye Umurenge Kagame Cup 2025 mu mupira w'amaguru. Watsinze Umurenge wa Mugesera ibitego 3-1.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://muhaziyacu.rw/amakuru/ngoma-jarama-yongeye-kwegukana-umurenge-kagame-cup-2025amafoto/ |title=Ngoma: Jarama yongeye kwegukana Umurenge Kagame Cup 2025 |website=Muhazi Yacu |date=2025-06-28 |language=rw}}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Ngoma District|Amafoto y'Akarere ka Ngoma]] kuri Wikimedia Commons {{Palette Intara n'Uturere by'u Rwanda}} {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Ngoma}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Ngoma]] [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Ngoma| ]] 00s0rq9i7zvtz8uxjhxup7tb146hkkc 0 3277 148567 143675 2026-11-03T13:02:31Z Score Beethoven 11559 148567 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Akarere ka Nyagatare''' ni kamwe mu turere turindwi tugize [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Gahana imbibi na [[Ubugande]] na [[Tanzaniya]]. Gafite ubuso bwa 1 919 km² n'abaturage 653 861. Kagizwe n'imirenge 14. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → Uturere → [[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Imirenge]] → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Ubuso n'imbibi == Icyicaro cy'akarere kiri mu Murenge wa Nyagatare, mu Kagari ka Nyagatare. Akarere ka Nyagatare gahana imbibi n'[[Akarere ka Gatsibo]] mu majyepfo n'[[Akarere ka Gicumbi]] mu burengerazuba. Gahana kandi imbibi n'Ubugande mu majyaruguru na Tanzaniya mu burasirazuba. Akarere kagizwe n'[[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|imirenge]] 14, [[akagari|utugari]] 106 n'[[imidugudu]] 628. Gafite ubuso bwa 1 919 km² n'abaturage 653 861, ni ukuvuga abaturage 373 kuri km².<ref name="menya">{{Cite web |url=https://www.nyagatare.gov.rw/akarere/menya-akarere |title=Menya Akarere |website=nyagatare.gov.rw |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-21}}</ref> == Imirenge == Akarere ka Nyagatare kagizwe n'imirenge 14:<ref name="menya"/> {{div col|colwidth=15em}} # [[Umurenge wa Gatunda|Gatunda]] # Karama # [[Umurenge wa Karangazi|Karangazi]] # Katabagemu # Kiyombe # Matimba # Musheri # Mimuri # Mukama # Nyagatare # Rwempasha # Rwimiyaga # Rukomo # Tabagwe {{div col end}} == Imiterere n'ikirere == [[File:Hippo pod edit.jpg|thumb|left|Imvubu]] Akarere ka Nyagatare kagizwe ahanini n'imisozi migufi n'ibibaya. Kagira imvura nkeya n'ubushyuhe. Igihe cy'izuba gishobora kumara amezi 3 kugeza kuri 5. Umugezi munini ni Muvumba. Umugezi w'Akagera n'Umuyanja bigize umupaka na Tanzaniya n'Ubugande. Igice cya [[Pariki y'Akagera]] kiri mu Karere ka Nyagatare. Iyi pariki ibamo [[imbogo]], impala n'inyoni z'ubwoko bwinshi. Mu mugezi wa Muvumba habamo [[imvubu]]. == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Nyagatare District|Amafoto y'Akarere ka Nyagatare]] kuri Wikimedia Commons {{Palette Intara n'Uturere by'u Rwanda}} {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Nyagatare}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Nyagatare]] [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Nyagatare| ]] chq5gduq2g6i06f464aqx3kxf3l9mku 0 3283 148574 143682 2026-11-03T13:02:52Z Score Beethoven 11559 148574 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Akarere ka Ruhango''' ni kamwe mu turere umunani tugize [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Intara y'Amajyepfo]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Gafite ubuso bwa 628,8 km² n'abaturage 359 121. Kagizwe n'imirenge 9. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → Uturere → [[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Imirenge]] → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Amateka == Akarere ka Ruhango kashyizweho n'Itegeko No 29/2005 ryo ku wa 31 Ukuboza 2005. Kagizwe n'ibyari uturere twa Kabagali, Ntenyo na Ntongwe, n'Umujyi wa Ruhango.<ref name="menya">{{Cite web |url=https://www.ruhango.gov.rw/akarere/menya-akarere |title=Menya Akarere ka Ruhango |website=ruhango.gov.rw |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-22}}</ref> == Ubuso n'imbibi == [[File:Ruhango (cropped).jpg|thumb|left|Umuhanda mu mujyi wa Ruhango]] Mu majyaruguru, Akarere ka Ruhango gahana imbibi n'[[Akarere ka Muhanga]]. Mu majyepfo hari uturere twa [[Akarere ka Nyanza|Nyanza]] na [[Akarere ka Nyamagabe|Nyamagabe]]. Mu burengerazuba hari [[Akarere ka Karongi]]. Mu burasirazuba hari uturere twa [[Akarere ka Kamonyi|Kamonyi]] na [[Akarere ka Bugesera|Bugesera]]. Akarere gakora ku nzuzi za [[Umugezi wa Nyabarongo|Nyabarongo]] n'[[Umugezi w'Akanyaru|Akanyaru]].<ref name="menya"/> Akarere kagizwe n'[[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|imirenge]] 9, [[akagari|utugari]] 59 n'[[imidugudu]] 533. Gafite ubuso bwa 628,8 km². Muri 2022, gafite abaturage 359 121. Ibiro by'akarere biri mu Murenge wa Ruhango, mu Kagari ka Nyamagana. Biri ku birometero 73 uvuye mu Mujyi wa Kigali, ugana i Huye.<ref name="menya"/> == Imirenge == Akarere ka Ruhango kagabanyijemo ibice bitatu:<ref name="menya"/> * Amayaga: imirenge ya Mbuye, Kinazi na Ntongwe. * Akabagali: imirenge ya Bweramana, Kabagali na Kinihira. * Igice cyo hagati: imirenge ya Ruhango, Byimana na Mwendo. == Ubukungu == Ubukungu bw'Akarere ka Ruhango bushingiye ahanini ku buhinzi n'ubworozi. Ibihingwa by'ingenzi ni imyumbati, ibishyimbo, ibigori, umuceri n'ikawa. Akarere gafite ibishanga binini.<ref name="menya"/> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Ruhango District|Amafoto y'Akarere ka Ruhango]] kuri Wikimedia Commons {{Palette Intara n'Uturere by'u Rwanda}} {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Ruhango}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Ruhango]] [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Ruhango| ]] cjzx2e7v2nis86tob0emfbq5foq0x35 0 3381 148610 143850 2026-11-03T13:04:26Z Score Beethoven 11559 148610 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox umurenge}} '''Umurenge wa Gitega''' ni umwe mu [[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|mirenge]] 10 igize [[Akarere ka Nyarugenge]], mu [[Kigali|Mujyi wa Kigali]], mu [[Rwanda]]. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, Umurenge wa Gitega wari utuwe n’abaturage 26 668. Ugizwe n’utugari 6. Abaturage bawo bose batuye mu mujyi. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → [[Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Uturere]] → Imirenge → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Utugari == [[Dosiye:Rwanda, Nyarugenge District.png|thumb|left|Ikarita y’Akarere ka Nyarugenge]] Umurenge wa Gitega ni umwe mu mirenge 10 y’Akarere ka Nyarugenge. Ugizwe n’[[Akagari|utugari]] 6:<ref name="utugari">{{Cite web |url=https://www.nyarugenge.gov.rw/akarere/imirenge-nutugali |title=Imirenge n'Utugari |website=Akarere ka Nyarugenge |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> {{div col|colwidth=15em}} * Akabahizi * Akabeza * Gacyamo * Kigarama * Kinyange * Kora {{div col end}} == Abaturage == Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2012, Umurenge wa Gitega wari utuwe n’abaturage 28 728. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, wari utuwe n’abaturage 26 668. Abagabo bari 13 699. Abagore bari 12 969. Abaturage bose bari batuye mu mujyi.<ref name="citypop">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/nyarugenge/1101__gitega/ |title=Gitega (Sector, Rwanda) – Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Mu 2022, abaturage 7 152 bari munsi y’imyaka 15. Abaturage 19 055 bari hagati y’imyaka 15 na 64. Abaturage 461 bari bafite imyaka 65 cyangwa irenga.<ref name="citypop"/> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Gitega Sector|Amafoto y’Umurenge wa Gitega]] kuri Wikimedia Commons {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Nyarugenge}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Nyarugenge|Gitega]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Gitega]] 3up2aga81bn936f5vc7sq46kom2o6j0 0 3385 148642 143857 2026-11-03T13:05:38Z Score Beethoven 11559 148642 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox umurenge}} '''Umurenge wa Mageragere''' ni umwe mu [[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|mirenge]] 10 igize [[Akarere ka Nyarugenge]], mu [[Kigali|Mujyi wa Kigali]], mu [[Rwanda]]. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, Umurenge wa Mageragere wari utuwe n’abaturage 59 747. Ugizwe n’utugari 7. Muri uyu murenge hari gereza ya Nyarugenge. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → [[Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Uturere]] → Imirenge → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Utugari == [[Dosiye:Rwanda, Nyarugenge District.png|thumb|left|Ikarita y’Akarere ka Nyarugenge]] Umurenge wa Mageragere ni umwe mu mirenge 10 y’Akarere ka Nyarugenge. Ugizwe n’[[Akagari|utugari]] 7:<ref name="utugari">{{Cite web |url=https://www.nyarugenge.gov.rw/akarere/imirenge-nutugali |title=Imirenge n'Utugari |website=Akarere ka Nyarugenge |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> {{div col|colwidth=15em}} * Kankuba * Kavumu * Mataba * Ntungamo * Nyarufunzo * Nyarurenzi * Runzenze {{div col end}} == Ubumenyi bw’isi == Umurenge wa Mageragere uhana imbibi n’[[Umurenge wa Kigali]] n’[[Nyamirambo|Umurenge wa Nyamirambo]]. Hakurya y’umugezi wa [[Umugezi wa Nyabarongo|Nyabarongo]], uhana imbibi n’[[Akarere ka Kamonyi]].<ref name="igihe">{{Cite web |url=https://igihe.com/amakuru/muri-afurika/u-rwanda/article/impinduka-mu-iterambere-rya-mageragere-yahoze-ari-igice-kitikozwa-n-abifite |title=Impinduka mu iterambere rya Mageragere yahoze ari igice kitikozwa n’abifite (Amafoto) |author=Thamimu Hakizimana |website=IGIHE |date=2018-07-06 |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> == Abaturage == Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2012, Umurenge wa Mageragere wari utuwe n’abaturage 23 407. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, wari utuwe n’abaturage 59 747. Abagabo bari 34 038. Abagore bari 25 709. Abaturage 35 230 bari batuye mu mujyi. Abaturage 24 517 bari batuye mu cyaro.<ref name="citypop">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/nyarugenge/1105__mageragere/ |title=Mageragere (Sector, Rwanda) – Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> == Iterambere == Mu 2018, ikinyamakuru IGIHE cyanditse ko Mageragere yahoze ari agace k’icyaro. Nta mihanda, amazi meza, amashanyarazi n’amashuri byari bihari. Abaturage bavomaga amazi mu mugezi wa Nyabarongo. Nyuma, hubatswe amavomo rusange n’imihanda. Hubatswe kandi amasoko 2 n’ibigo nderabuzima 2.<ref name="igihe"/> Gereza ya Nyarugenge iri mu Murenge wa Mageragere. Ishobora kwakira abantu bagera ku 9 000.<ref name="igihe"/> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Nyarugenge}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Nyarugenge|Mageragere]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Mageragere]] hv404dn3be0hnf2oz3qi8lhvfavw4l4 0 3387 148622 143858 2026-11-03T13:04:53Z Score Beethoven 11559 148622 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox umurenge}} '''Umurenge wa Kanyinya''' ni umwe mu [[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|mirenge]] 10 igize [[Akarere ka Nyarugenge]], mu [[Kigali|Mujyi wa Kigali]], mu [[Rwanda]]. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, Umurenge wa Kanyinya wari utuwe n’abaturage 31 026. Ugizwe n’utugari 3. Muri uyu murenge hari uruganda rutunganya amazi rwa Nzove. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → [[Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Uturere]] → Imirenge → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Utugari == [[Dosiye:Rwanda, Nyarugenge District.png|thumb|left|Ikarita y’Akarere ka Nyarugenge]] Umurenge wa Kanyinya ni umwe mu mirenge 10 y’Akarere ka Nyarugenge. Ugizwe n’[[Akagari|utugari]] 3:<ref name="utugari">{{Cite web |url=https://www.nyarugenge.gov.rw/akarere/imirenge-nutugali |title=Imirenge n'Utugari |website=Akarere ka Nyarugenge |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> {{div col|colwidth=15em}} * Nyamweru * Nzove * Taba {{div col end}} == Abaturage == Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2012, Umurenge wa Kanyinya wari utuwe n’abaturage 21 859. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, wari utuwe n’abaturage 31 026. Abagabo bari 15 776. Abagore bari 15 250. Abaturage 14 437 bari batuye mu mujyi. Abaturage 16 589 bari batuye mu cyaro.<ref name="citypop">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/nyarugenge/1102__kanyinya/ |title=Kanyinya (Sector, Rwanda) – Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Mu 2022, abaturage 11 640 bari munsi y’imyaka 15. Abaturage 18 732 bari hagati y’imyaka 15 na 64. Abaturage 654 bari bafite imyaka 65 cyangwa irenga.<ref name="citypop"/> == Ibikorwa remezo == Uruganda rutunganya amazi rwa Nzove ruri mu Murenge wa Kanyinya. Rwatangiye gukora mu 2009. Rushobora gutunganya metero kibe 80 000 z’amazi ku munsi.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.wasac.rw/en/about/water-treatment-plants |title=Water Treatment Plants |website=WASAC Group |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Nyarugenge}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Nyarugenge|Kanyinya]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Kanyinya]] qynfl9qvrl856v5xxekoxfxoup7i3n3 0 3389 148635 143851 2026-11-03T13:05:20Z Score Beethoven 11559 148635 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox umurenge}} '''Umurenge wa Kimisagara''' ni umwe mu [[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|mirenge]] 10 igize [[Akarere ka Nyarugenge]], mu [[Kigali|Mujyi wa Kigali]], mu [[Rwanda]]. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, Umurenge wa Kimisagara wari utuwe n’abaturage 56 534. Ugizwe n’utugari 3. Abaturage bawo bose batuye mu mujyi. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → [[Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Uturere]] → Imirenge → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Utugari == [[Dosiye:Rwanda, Nyarugenge District.png|thumb|left|Ikarita y’Akarere ka Nyarugenge]] Umurenge wa Kimisagara ni umwe mu mirenge 10 y’Akarere ka Nyarugenge. Ugizwe n’[[Akagari|utugari]] 3:<ref name="utugari">{{Cite web |url=https://www.nyarugenge.gov.rw/akarere/imirenge-nutugali |title=Imirenge n'Utugari |website=Akarere ka Nyarugenge |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> {{div col|colwidth=15em}} * Kamuhoza * Katabaro * Kimisagara {{div col end}} == Abaturage == [[Dosiye:Houses of Kimisagara.jpg|thumb|left|Inzu zo mu Murenge wa Kimisagara]] Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2012, Umurenge wa Kimisagara wari utuwe n’abaturage 46 753. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, wari utuwe n’abaturage 56 534. Abagabo bari 28 905. Abagore bari 27 629. Abaturage bose bari batuye mu mujyi.<ref name="citypop">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/nyarugenge/1104__kimisagara/ |title=Kimisagara (Sector, Rwanda) – Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Kimisagara Sector|Amafoto y’Umurenge wa Kimisagara]] kuri Wikimedia Commons {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Nyarugenge}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Nyarugenge|Kimisagara]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Kimisagara]] 72s1x46oujv2c5gd40welowmchk4py3 0 3392 148652 143852 2026-11-03T13:06:05Z Score Beethoven 11559 148652 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox umurenge}} '''Umurenge wa Muhima''' ni umwe mu [[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|mirenge]] 10 igize [[Akarere ka Nyarugenge]], mu [[Kigali|Mujyi wa Kigali]], mu [[Rwanda]]. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, Umurenge wa Muhima wari utuwe n’abaturage 22 531. Ugizwe n’utugari 7. Ufite ubuso bwa km² 2,92. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → [[Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Uturere]] → Imirenge → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Utugari == [[Dosiye:Rwanda, Nyarugenge District.png|thumb|left|Ikarita y’Akarere ka Nyarugenge]] Umurenge wa Muhima ni umwe mu mirenge 10 y’Akarere ka Nyarugenge. Ugizwe n’[[Akagari|utugari]] 7:<ref name="utugari">{{Cite web |url=https://www.nyarugenge.gov.rw/akarere/imirenge-nutugali |title=Imirenge n'Utugari |website=Akarere ka Nyarugenge |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> {{div col|colwidth=15em}} * Amahoro * Kabasengerezi * Kabeza * Nyabugogo * Rugenge * Tetero * Ubumwe {{div col end}} Utwo tugari tugizwe n’[[imidugudu]] 39.<ref name="muhima"/> == Ubumenyi bw’isi == Umurenge wa Muhima ufite ubuso bwa km² 2,92. Uhana imbibi n’[[Umurenge wa Kimisagara]], [[Umurenge wa Gitega]] n’[[Umurenge wa Nyarugenge]]. Uhana imbibi kandi n’umwe mu mirenge y’[[Akarere ka Gasabo]].<ref name="muhima">{{Cite web |url=http://muhimasector.net/ |title=Umurenge wa Muhima |website=muhimasector.net |language=rw |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101230145827/http://muhimasector.net/ |archive-date=2010-12-30 |url-status=dead |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> == Abaturage == Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2002, Umurenge wa Muhima wari utuwe n’abaturage 48 466.<ref name="muhima"/> Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2012, Umurenge wa Muhima wari utuwe n’abaturage 29 768. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, wari utuwe n’abaturage 22 531. Abagabo bari 12 286. Abagore bari 10 245. Abaturage bose bari batuye mu mujyi.<ref name="citypop">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/nyarugenge/1106__muhima/ |title=Muhima (Sector, Rwanda) – Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Muhima Sector|Amafoto y’Umurenge wa Muhima]] kuri Wikimedia Commons {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Nyarugenge}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Nyarugenge|Muhima]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Muhima]] jy7zzf0jikh69v576ghod9tyj559u2i 0 3418 148549 143658 2026-11-03T13:01:46Z Score Beethoven 11559 148549 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Akarere ka Burera''' ni kamwe mu turere dutanu tugize [[Intara y’Amajyaruguru y’u Rwanda|Intara y'Amajyaruguru]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Gahana imbibi na [[Ubugande|Uganda]]. Gafite ubuso bwa 644,5 km² n'abaturage 387 729. Kagizwe n'imirenge 17. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → Uturere → [[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Imirenge]] → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Ubuso n'imbibi == [[File:THE HARVEST TRANSPORTER.jpg|thumb|left|Igare ritwara umusaruro mu Karere ka Burera]] Akarere ka Burera gahana imbibi na Uganda ku birometero 63. Imirenge 6 muri 17 ikora kuri Uganda. Akarere gahana kandi imbibi n'uturere twa [[Akarere ka Gakenke|Gakenke]], [[Akarere ka Musanze|Musanze]], [[Akarere ka Rulindo|Rulindo]] na [[Akarere ka Gicumbi|Gicumbi]].<ref name="menya">{{Cite web |url=https://www.burera.gov.rw/akarere/menya-akarere |title=Menya Akarere |website=burera.gov.rw |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-22}}</ref> Akarere kagizwe n'[[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|imirenge]] 17, [[akagari|utugari]] 69 n'[[imidugudu]] 571. Gafite ubuso bwa 644,5 km². Muri 2022, gafite abaturage 387 729. Abagabo ni 184 782, abagore ni 202 947.<ref name="menya"/> Muri Kamena 2024, hatashywe inyubako nshya y'ibiro by'akarere. Iri mu Murenge wa Rusarabuye, mu Kagari ka Kabona, mu Mudugudu wa Rutuku.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://igihe.com/mu-rwanda/article/hatashywe-inyubako-y-ibiro-by-akarere-ka-burera-yatwaye-hafi-miliyari-eshatu |title=Hatashywe inyubako y'Ibiro by'Akarere ka Burera yatwaye hafi miliyari 3 Frw |website=IGIHE |date=2024-06-18 |language=rw}}</ref> == Imirenge == Akarere ka Burera kagizwe n'imirenge 17:<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/44__burera/ |title=Burera (District, Rwanda) – Sectors |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-22}}</ref> {{div col|colwidth=15em}} # Bungwe # Butaro # Cyanika # Cyeru # [[Umurenge wa Gahunga|Gahunga]] # Gatebe # Gitovu # Kagogo # Kinoni # Kinyababa # Kivuye # Nemba # Rugarama # Rugengabari # Ruhunde # Rusarabuye # Rwerere {{div col end}} == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Burera District|Amafoto y'Akarere ka Burera]] kuri Wikimedia Commons {{Palette Intara n'Uturere by'u Rwanda}} {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Burera}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Burera]] [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Burera| ]] 9lme27qnxp72129l6h9ug747zp84164 0 3667 148808 144115 2026-11-03T16:42:46Z Score Beethoven 11559 148808 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox igihugu | common_name = Afurika y’Epfo | conventional_long_name = Repubulika y'Afurika y'Epfo | native_name = Republic of South Africa | image_flag = Flag of South Africa.svg | image_coat = Coat of arms of South Africa (heraldic).svg | image_map = South Africa (orthographic projection).svg | capital = Pretoria (ubutegetsi), [[Cape Town]] (inteko), Bloemfontein (ubutabera) | official_languages = Indimi 12 | leader_title1 = Perezida | leader_name1 = [[Cyril Ramaphosa]] | area_km2 = 1221037 | population_estimate = 63 000 000 | currency = Rand | currency_code = ZAR | calling_code = +27 | iso3166code = omit }} '''Afurika y'Epfo''' (izina ryemewe: Repubulika y'Afurika y'Epfo; mu [[Icyongereza]]: ''Republic of South Africa'') ni igihugu giherereye mu majyepfo y'umugabane wa [[Afurika]]. Kigizwe n'intara icyenda. Gifite inkombe ya kilometero 2 798 ku Nyanja ya Atalantika no ku Nyanja y'u Buhinde. Mu majyaruguru, Afurika y'Epfo ihana imbibi na [[Namibiya]], [[Botswana]] na [[Zimbabwe]]. Mu burasirazuba, ihana imbibi na [[Mozambike]] na [[Eswatini]]. Ikikije igihugu cya [[Lesoto|Lesotho]]. Ifite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 1 221 037. Ituwe n'abaturage barenga miliyoni 63. Ni igihugu cya gatandatu gituwe cyane muri Afurika. === Inkomoko y'izina === Izina "Afurika y'Epfo" rikomoka ku mwanya w'iki gihugu ku mugabane wa Afurika, kuko giherereye ku mpera y'amajyepfo yawo. Igihe cyashingwaga, cyiswe Ubumwe bw'Afurika y'Epfo (Union of South Africa) mu [[Icyongereza|Cyongereza]] na Unie van Zuid-Afrika mu Kidage (Dutch), bigaragaza ko cyaturutse ku ihuzwa ry'ubukoloni bune bwari buyobowe n'u [[Ubwongereza|Bwongereza]]. Kuva mu mwaka wa 1961, izina ryemewe n'amategeko mu Cyongereza ryabaye Repubulika y'Afurika y'Epfo (Republic of South Africa), naho mu rurimi rw'[[Ikinyafurikansi]] (Afrikaans) ryitwa Republiek van Suid-Afrika. Kugeza ubu, iki gihugu gifite amazina yemewe mu ndimi zacyo 12 zemewe n'amategeko.<ref name="en42">{{Cite web|url=https://www.parliament.gov.za/press-releases/na-approves-south-african-sign-language-12th-official-language|title=The NA Approves South African Sign Language as the 12th Official Language |website=Parliament of South Africa |date=3 May 2023 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231222131030/https://www.parliament.gov.za/press-releases/na-approves-south-african-sign-language-12th-official-language |archive-date= 22 December 2023 }}</ref> Ijambo Mzansi, rikomoka ku izina uMzantsi ryo mu rurimi rw'[[Ikigisosa|Ikixhosa]] risobanura "Amajyepfo", ni izina rikunze gukoreshwa mu mvugo ya buri munsi bavuga Afurika y'Epfo.<ref name="en43">{{cite book|editor1-first=Sarah|editor2-first=Achille|last=Livermon|first=Xavier|title=Johannesburg: The Elusive Metropolis|chapter=Sounds in the City|year=2008|publisher=Duke University Press|location=Durham|isbn=978-0-8223-8121-1|page=283|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hNONyzwm420C|quote=''Mzansi'' is another black urban vernacular term popular with the youth and standing for South Africa.|editor-last=Nuttall|editor2-last=Mbembé|access-date=5 January 2016|archive-date=2 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502074447/https://books.google.com/books?id=hNONyzwm420C|url-status=live}}</ref> Hari kandi amashyaka amwe n'amwe ashyigikira ihame rya Pan-Afurikanisime akoresha izina Azania, nubwo iri jambo rikomoka mu [[Ikigereki|Kigereki]] aho kidakomoka mu ndimi nyafurika.<ref name="en44">{{Cite news|url=https://www.voanews.com/a/south-african-party-says-call-it-azania/1855679.html|title=South African Party Says Call Their Country 'Azania'|last=Taylor|first=Darren|newspaper=VOA|access-date=18 February 2017|language=en|archive-date=24 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160624200956/http://www.voanews.com/content/south-african-party-says-call-it-azania/1855679.html|url-status=live}}</ref> === Amazina mu ndimi zemewe === :izina mu [[cyongereza]] : Republic of South Africa :izina mu [[kinyafurikansi]] : Republiek van Suid-Afrika :izina mu kindebele (amajyepfo) : IRiphabliki yeSewula Afrika :izina mu [[kigisosa]] : IRiphabliki yaseMzantsi Afrika :izina mu kizulu : IRiphabliki yaseNingizimu Afrika :izina mu gisotho (amajyaruguru) : Rephaboliki ya Afrika-Borwa :izina mu gisotho (amajyepfo) : Rephaboliki ya Afrika Borwa :izina mu gitswana : Rephaboliki ya Aforika Borwa :izina mu giswati : IRiphabhulikhi yeNingizimu Afrika :izina mu [[kivenda]] : Riphabuḽiki ya Afurika Tshipembe[[File:Boulders_Beach,_South_Africa.jpg|thumb|Boulders Beach, South Africa]]izina mu gitsonga : Riphabliki ra Afrika Dzon === Amateka ya kera === [[File:Taung child.jpg|thumb|left|Igihanga cya Taung Child]] Afurika y'Epfo ni hamwe mu hantu ha kera cyane habonetse ibisigazwa by'abakurambere b'abantu.<ref name="en1">{{cite book|last= Wymer|first= John|author2= Singer, R|year= 1982|title= The Middle Stone Age at Klasies River Mouth in South Africa|url= https://archive.org/details/middlestoneageat0000sing|location= Chicago|publisher= University of Chicago Press|isbn= 978-0-226-76103-9}}</ref> Ibisigazwa byinshi byabonetse mu buvumo bwa Cradle of Humankind, mu ntara ya Gauteng. Aha hantu ni Umurage w'Isi wemewe na UNESCO. Igisigazwa cyitwa Taung Child cyabonetse hafi ya Taung mu 1924.<ref name="en2">{{cite journal |last1=Marean |first1=Curtis W. |title=Pinnacle Point Cave 13B (Western Cape Province, South Africa) in context: The Cape Floral kingdom, shellfish, and modern human origins |journal=Journal of Human Evolution |date=September 2010 |volume=59 |issue=3–4 |pages=425–443 |doi=10.1016/j.jhevol.2010.07.011 |pmid=20934095 |bibcode=2010JHumE..59..425M }}</ref> Abakurambere b'abantu babaye muri Afurika y'Epfo guhera hafi ku myaka miliyoni eshatu ishize.<ref name="en3">{{cite web|url= http://www.yale.edu/ynhti/curriculum/units/1979/6/79.06.02.x.html|title= Hominid Evolution|publisher= Yale-New Haven Teachers Institute|first= Stephen P.|last= Broker|access-date= 19 June 2008|archive-date= 7 April 2008|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080407181350/http://www.yale.edu/ynhti/curriculum/units/1979/6/79.06.02.x.html|url-status= live}}</ref> Abantu b'iki gihe bamaze nibura imyaka 170 000 batuye mu majyepfo ya Afurika.<ref name="en4">{{cite book| title = An Encyclopedia of World History| editor-last = Langer| editor-first = William L.| edition = 5th| publisher = Houghton Mifflin Company| location = Boston| year = 1972| isbn = 978-0-395-13592-1| page = [https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaworl00will/page/9 9]| url = https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaworl00will/page/9 }}</ref> === Igihe cyabanjirije ubukoloni === Abaturage ba mbere bari batuye mu majyepfo ya Afurika ni Abasan (San) n'Abakhoikhoi (Khoikhoi). Abasan ahanini batungwaga no guhiga no kwegeranya imyaka yimeza, mu gihe Abakhoikhoi bo, uretse guhiga no kwegeranya, banororaga amatungo.<ref name="en5">{{Cite journal|title=Khoisan hunter-gatherers have been the largest population throughout most of modern-human demographic history|first1=Hie Lim|last1=Kim|first2=Aakrosh|last2=Ratan|first3=George H.|last3=Perry|first4=Alvaro|last4=Montenegro|first5=Webb|last5=Miller|first6=Stephan C.|last6=Schuster|date=4 December 2014|journal=Nature Communications|volume=5|issue=1|pages=5692|doi=10.1038/ncomms6692|doi-access=free|pmid=25471224 |pmc=4268704 |bibcode=2014NatCo...5.5692K |hdl=11449/130054|hdl-access=free}}</ref> Abantu b'Abakhoisan bashobora kuba bakomoka ku bantu ba mbere bafite imiterere y'umuntu w'iki gihe bageze mu majyepfo ya Afurika mbere y'imyaka 150,000 ishize. Nyuma yaho, benshi muri bo basimbuwe cyangwa bashyirwa mu yandi moko bitewe n'ikwirakwira ry'Ababantu (Bantu Expansion) ryabaye hagati y'imyaka 2,000 na 1,500 ishize. Abantu bavuga indimi z'Abantu batangiye kwimukira mu majyepfo ahagana mu 3000 mbere ya Yezu.<ref name="en6">{{Cite journal|title=Bantu expansion shows that habitat alters the route and pace of human dispersals|first1=Rebecca|last1=Grollemund|first2=Simon|last2=Branford|first3=Koen|last3=Bostoen|first4=Andrew|last4=Meade|first5=Chris|last5=Venditti|first6=Mark|last6=Pagel|date=27 October 2015|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|volume=112|issue=43|pages=13296–13301|doi=10.1073/pnas.1503793112|doi-access=free |pmid=26371302|pmc=4629331 |bibcode=2015PNAS..11213296G }}</ref> Mu kinyejana cya kane n'icya gatanu, bari bamaze gutura mu majyepfo y'[[Umugezi wa Limpopo|uruzi rwa Limpopo]]. Bari abahinzi n'aborozi. Bari bazi no gucura ibyuma. Itsinda ryageze kure mu majyepfo ni iry'Abaxhosa. Ahagana mu 1220, abayobozi ba K2 bashinze umurwa mukuru w'Ubwami bwa Mapungubwe. Mu 1250, uwo murwa wari utuwe n'abantu bagera ku 5 000. Ubwami bwari bufite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 30 000. Bwakungahajwe n'ubucuruzi bwo ku Nyanja y'u Buhinde. Ubwami bwa Mapungubwe bwasenyutse ahagana mu 1300.<ref name="en7">{{Cite book |last1=Chirikure |first1=Shadreck |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3pa7CgAAQBAJ&dq=kingdom+of+mapungubwe&pg=PT6 |title=Mapungubwe Reconsidered: A Living Legacy: Exploring Beyond the Rise and Decline of the Mapungubwe State |last2=Delius |first2=Peter |last3=Esterhuysen |first3=Amanda |last4=Hall |first4=Simon |last5=Lekgoathi |first5=Sekibakiba |last6=Maulaudzi |first6=Maanda |last7=Neluvhalani |first7=Vele |last8=Ntsoane |first8=Otsile |last9=Pearce |first9=David |date=2015-10-01 |publisher=Real African Publishers Pty Ltd. |isbn=978-1-920655-06-8 |language=en}}</ref> Hagati y'ikinyejana cya 15 n'icya 17, imikoranire hagati y'Abashona ba mbere, abandi Bashona bimukiye nyuma ndetse n'abavuga Ikinyasotho mu karere ka Soutpansberg yatumye havuka ururimi n'ubwoko bw'Abavenda (Venda).<ref name="en8">{{Cite journal |last=Huffman|first=Thomas|date=2022|title=The origins of Tshivenda: an archaeological challenge to historical linguistics|url=https://journals.co.za/doi/full/10.10520/ejc-nmsa_sah_v35_n1_a1|journal=Southern African Humanities|volume=35|issue=1|pages=|doi=}}</ref> Mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 17, itsinda ry'Abasingo (Singo) rikomoka ku Bwami bwa Rozvi ryimukiye mu majyepfo, rishinga icyicaro cyarwo i Dzata, cyabaye umurwa mukuru w'Ubwami bwa Venda. Mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 18, ubwami bwatangiye gusenyuka bitewe n'ihinduka ry'inzira z'ubucuruzi. Mu miryango yakomeje kugira imbaraga harimo Ramabulana Singo mu burengerazuba bwa Soutpansberg, na Tshivhase Singo hamwe na Mphaphuli Singo mu burasirazuba bwaho. === Ubushakashatsi bw'Abanyaporutigari === Mu 1487, Umunyaporutigali Bartolomeu Dias yayoboye urugendo rwa mbere rw'Abanyaburayi rwageze ku nkombe z'amajyepfo ya Afurika.<ref name="en9">{{cite book|last=Domville-Fife|first=C.W.|title=The encyclopedia of the British Empire the first encyclopedic record of the greatest empire in the history of the world ed|year=1900|publisher=Rankin|location=London|page=25|url=https://archive.org/stream/encyclopediaofbr01domvuoft#page/24/mode/2up}}</ref> Dias yise umutwe w'amajyepfo Cabo das Tormentas. Umwami John II wa [[Porutigali]] yawuhinduriye izina awita Cabo da Boa Esperança (Cape of Good Hope).<ref name="en10">{{Cite news |title=The Lusiads {{!}} Portuguese epic, 16th century, epic poem {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/The-Lusiads |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250910060626/https://www.britannica.com/topic/The-Lusiads |archive-date=2025-09-10 |access-date=2026-01-11 |work=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> === Ubukoloni bw'Abaholandi n'Abongereza muri Cape === [[File:Castle of Good Hope, Cape Town 01.jpg|thumb|left|Castle of Good Hope i Cape Town]] Abaholandi bageze bwa mbere ku nkombe z'amajyepfo ya Afurika mu mwaka wa 1595. Mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 17, ubwo ububasha bwa Porutigali mu bwikorezi bwo mu nyanja bwagendaga bugabanuka, abacuruzi b'Abongereza n'Abaholandi batangiye guhatanira kwigarurira ubucuruzi bw'ibirungo bwari bwariganjemo na Porutigali. Guhera mu mwaka wa 1601, sosiyete y'Abongereza y'Ubucuruzi n'u Buhinde (British East India Company) yajyaga ihagarara ku Cape ishaka ibiribwa n'amazi yo guha amato, ariko nyuma ihitamo gukoresha ibirwa bya Ascension na Saint Helena nk'ibyambu byo kuruhukiraho. Mu mwaka wa 1647, abakozi babiri ba Sosiyete y'Abaholandi y'Ubucuruzi n'u Buhinde (Dutch East India Company) bakoze impanuka y'ubwato kuri Cape maze bahamara amezi menshi. Babashije kubaho babikesha amazi meza, inyama bahawe n'abaturage bahasangaga ndetse no guhinga ku butaka bwera. Basubiye mu [[Ubuholandi|Buholandi]] batangaza ko Cape yari ahantu heza ho kubaka ikigo cyo kubikamo ibiribwa no gutegurira amato akora ingendo ndende. Mu 1652, Jan van Riebeeck yashinze ikigo cyo guha amato ibiribwa ku Cape of Good Hope. Yari ahagarariye Sosiyete y'Abaholandi y'Ubucuruzi mu Buhinde bw'Iburasirazuba. Aho hantu haje kuvamo umujyi wa Cape Town.<ref name="en11">{{cite web|url=http://courses.wcupa.edu/jones/his311/timeline/t-19saf.htm|title=African History Timeline|publisher=West Chester University of Pennsylvania|access-date=16 June 2008|archive-date=7 January 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090107070748/http://courses.wcupa.edu/jones/his311/timeline/t-19saf.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> Abaholandi bazanye [[imbata]] ibihumbi zivuye muri [[Indonesiya]], [[Madagasikari]] no mu burasirazuba bwa Afurika. Kuva mu kinyejana cya 17, habaye amakimbirane hagati y'Abakhoisan n'Abaholandi bapfaga ubutaka. Mu 1795, Ubwongereza bwigaruriye Cape Town. Mu 1803, Cape yasubiye mu maboko y'Abaholandi. Mu 1806, Ubwongereza bwongeye kuyigarurira.<ref name="en12">{{cite book| last = Keegan| first = Timothy| title = Colonial South Africa and the Origins of the Racial Order| year = 1996| url = https://archive.org/details/colonialsouthafr0000keeg| url-access = registration|edition= 1996|pages= [https://archive.org/details/colonialsouthafr0000keeg/page/85 85–86]| publisher = David Philip Publishers (Pty) Ltd| isbn = 978-0-8139-1735-1}}</ref> Mu 1820, abimukira benshi b'Abongereza bageze muri Cape. === Mfecane n'ikwaguka ry'ubukoloni === Mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 19 habaye igihe cy'imvururu n'imihindagurikire gikomeye kizwi nka Mfecane ("gusenyuka" cyangwa "gutatanywa"), cyaranzwe n'intambara, kwimuka kw'abaturage no kuvuka kw'ubwami bushya. Ibi byatewe n'ihurirana ry'ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga, imihindagurikire y'ibidukikije ndetse n'ikwaguka ry'ubukoloni bw'Abanyaburayi. Ubwami butandukanye bwahanganiye kugenzura inzira z'ubucuruzi n'urwuri, bituma havuka ubwami bwa Ndwandwe na Mthethwa. Ndwandwe yatsinze Mthethwa, ariko nyuma ubwami bwayo burasenyuka, maze umwe mu bayobozi ba Mthethwa ari we Shaka ashinga kandi akomeza Ubwami bw'Abazulu (Zulu Kingdom). Muri icyo gihe kandi havutse Ubwami bwa Gaza, bwahanganye n'Abazulu. Mu 1867, havumbuwe diyama. Mu 1884, havumbuwe zahabu. Ibi byatangije igihe cyiswe Mineral Revolution. Ubukungu bwarazamutse kandi abimukira bariyongera.<ref name="en13">{{cite book|author=Williams, Garner F|title=The Diamond Mines of South Africa, Vol II|year=1905|publisher=B. F Buck & Co.|location=New York|pages=Chapter XX|url=http://www.farlang.com/diamonds/williams_diamond_mines_2/page_285|access-date=27 November 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081010200842/http://www.farlang.com/diamonds/williams_diamond_mines_2/page_285|archive-date=10 October 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ku wa 16 Gicurasi 1876, Perezida Thomas François Burgers wa Repubulika y'Afurika y'Epfo yatangaje intambara ku bwoko bw'Abapedi. Umwami Sekhukhune yatsinze ingabo za Boers inshuro nyinshi, ariko nyuma y'uko Abongereza bagabye ibitero bikurikirana, bamutsinze mu Ugushyingo 1879 bifashishije ingabo z'Abongereza, Ababuru n'Abaswazi.<ref name="en14">{{Cite web|title=South African Military History Society – Journal- THE SEKUKUNI WARS|url=http://samilitaryhistory.org/vol025hk.html|access-date=15 August 2020|website=samilitaryhistory.org|archive-date=23 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200723053419/http://samilitaryhistory.org/vol025hk.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Mu 1879, habaye Intambara y'Abongereza n'Abazulu. Abazulu batsinze Abongereza i Isandlwana. Nyuma, Abazulu baratsinzwe. Ubwami bw'Abazulu bwatakaje ubwigenge bwabwo.<ref name="en15">{{cite book | last = Knight | first = Ian | title = Zulu Rising: The Epic Story of Isandlwana and Rorke's Drift | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=s2mbl5xPOcUC&q=Zulu+Victory:+The+Epic+of+Isandlwana+and+the+cover-up | isbn = 9781447202233 | publisher = Pan Macmillan | date = 6 May 2011 | access-date = 26 December 2023 | archive-date = 28 June 2024 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20240628010915/https://books.google.com/books?id=s2mbl5xPOcUC&q=Zulu+Victory:+The+Epic+of+Isandlwana+and+the+cover-up | url-status = live }}</ref> === Intambara z'Ababuru n'ubwigenge === Repubulika z'Ababuru zatsinze Abongereza mu Ntambara ya Mbere y'Ababuru (1880–1881). Mu Ntambara ya Kabiri y'Ababuru (1899–1902), Abongereza bagarutse bafite ingabo nyinshi. Batwitse imitungo kandi bashyira abaturage mu nkambi. Abaturage b'Ababuru bagera ku 27 000 bapfiriye muri izo nkambi.<ref name="en16">{{cite news|title=5 of the worst atrocities carried out by the British Empire|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/worst-atrocities-british-empire-amritsar-boer-war-concentration-camp-mau-mau-a6821756.html|work=The Independent|date=19 January 2016|access-date=22 September 2019|archive-date=27 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190927142647/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/worst-atrocities-british-empire-amritsar-boer-war-concentration-camp-mau-mau-a6821756.html|url-status=live }}</ref> Nyuma y'imyaka umunani Intambara ya Kabiri y'Ababuru irangiye, ndetse n'imyaka ine y'imishyikirano, Itegeko rya Afurika y'Epfo ryo mu 1909 (South Africa Act 1909) ryashinzwe Ubumwe bw'Afurika y'Epfo (Union of South Africa) ku wa 31 Gicurasi 1910, riha igihugu ubwigenge bugarukira ku rwego runaka. Ubu bumwe bwari bugizwe n'ubukoloni bwa Cape, Transvaal, Natal, hamwe na Orange Free State. Mu 1913, hashyizweho Itegeko ry'Ubutaka bw'Abasangwabutaka (Natives Land Act), ryagabanyije cyane uburenganzira bw'Abirabura bwo gutunga ubutaka, kuko icyo gihe bemerewe kugenzura hafi 7% gusa by'ubutaka bw'igihugu.<ref name="en17">{{cite web|url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/pages/chronology/thisday/1913-06-19.htm|title=Native Land Act|publisher=South African Institute of Race Relations|date=19 June 1913|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101014095049/http://www.sahistory.org.za/pages/chronology/thisday/1913-06-19.htm|archive-date=14 October 2010 }}</ref> Nyuma, ubuso bwagenewe abaturage kavukire bwaje kongerwaho gato. Mu 1931, Ubumwe bw'Afurika y'Epfo bwabonye ubwigenge busesuye ku Bwami bw'u Bwongereza binyuze mu Statute of Westminster, yakuyeho ububasha bw'Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y'u Bwongereza bwo gushyiraho amategeko muri Afurika y'Epfo. Mu 1934, South African Party na National Party byishyize hamwe bishinga United Party, mu rwego rwo kunga Abafurikana n'Abazungu bavuga Icyongereza. Icyakora, mu 1939 iryo shyaka ryaracitse kubera kutumvikana ku kwinjira kw'Afurika y'Epfo mu Ntambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose ku ruhande rw'u Bwongereza.<ref name="en18">{{Cite web|url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/article/national-party-np|title=National Party (NP) &#124; South African History Online|website=www.sahistory.org.za|access-date=25 December 2023|archive-date=8 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200508083820/https://www.sahistory.org.za/article/national-party-np|url-status=live}}</ref> === Igihe cya Apartheid === [[File:The Hector Pieterson Memorial (4611836835).jpg|thumb|left|Urwibutso rwa Hector Pieterson i Soweto]] Mu 1948, National Party yatsinze amatora maze ifata ubutegetsi. Yakomeje kandi ishimangira politiki y'ivanguramoko yari yaratangiye mu gihe cy'ubukoloni bw'Abaholandi n'Abongereza. Hashingiwe ku mategeko ya Indian Act yo muri Kanada, abaturage bashyizwe mu byiciro bitatu: Abazungu, Abirabura, n'Abahinde n'Abavangavanze (Coloureds), buri tsinda rigenerwa uburenganzira n'imbogamizi zitandukanye. Guverinoma yari iyobowe n'Abazungu bake yashyizeho ku mugaragaro politiki y'ivanguramoko yiswe Apartheid. Mu gihe Abazungu babagaho ubuzima bwiza bugereranywa n'ubwo mu bihugu byateye imbere byo mu Burengerazuba, Abirabura bo bakomeje guhezwa mu bijyanye n'uburezi, amafaranga binjizaga, amazu ndetse n'icyizere cyo kubaho igihe kirekire. Mu 1955, Freedom Charter yemejwe n'ihuriro rya Congress Alliance, isaba ko habaho igihugu kitagira ivangura rishingiye ku moko. Ku wa 31 Gicurasi 1961, Afurika y'Epfo yabaye repubulika nyuma ya referandumu yemerewe gusa Abazungu.<ref name="en19">{{cite web|title=Hendrik Frensch Verwoerd|url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/people/hendrik-frensch-verwoerd|publisher=South African History Online|quote=On 5 October 1960 a referendum was held in which White voters were asked: "Do you support a republic for the Union?" – 52 percent voted 'Yes'.|access-date=9 March 2013|archive-date=29 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171129002322/http://www.sahistory.org.za/people/hendrik-frensch-verwoerd|url-status=live}}</ref> Intara ya Natal yiganjemo abayobokaga u Bwongereza yarwanyije uwo mwanzuro. Elizabeth II yambuwe izina ry'Umwamikazi wa Afurika y'Epfo, maze Charles Robberts Swart aba Perezida wa mbere wa Repubulika. Mu 1983, itegekonshinga rya P. W. Botha ryakuyeho umwanya wa Minisitiri w'Intebe, rishyiraho Perezida ufite ububasha bukomeye. Muri uwo mwaka wa 1961, Afurika y'Epfo yanikuye mu muryango wa Commonwealth of Nations kubera igitutu cy'ibihugu biwugize. === Nyuma ya Apartheid === [[File:Nelson Mandela 1994.jpg|thumb|left|[[Nelson Mandela]] mu 1994]] Mu 1974, Mahlabatini Declaration of Faith, yashyizweho umukono na Mangosuthu Buthelezi na Harry Schwarz, yashyize imbere amahame yo guhererekanya ubutegetsi mu mahoro no guha abaturage bose uburenganzira bungana.<ref name="en20">{{Cite web |title=Russia, China And Palestine – Part III |url=https://crescent.icit-digital.org/articles/russia-china-and-palestine-part-iii |access-date=2026-06-18 |website=Crescent International}}</ref> Mu 1993, Perezida F.W. de Klerk yatangiye ibiganiro na [[Nelson Mandela]] bigamije kurangiza Apartheid no gushyiraho ubutegetsi bushingiye kuri demokarasi. Nyuma ya Apartheid, Afurika y'Epfo yakomeje kugira ituze rya politiki nubwo yahuye n'ibibazo birimo ubushomeri n'ubusumbane bukabije mu bukungu. Igihugu cyagize kandi ibihe by'urugomo, birimo imyigaragambyo yo mu 2008 yibasiraga abanyamahanga, yahitanye abantu barenga 60 ikanahungisha abarenga 100,000.<ref name="en21">{{cite journal|url=http://www.slate.com/id/2193949/|title=Broke-on-Broke Violence|journal=Slate |date=20 June 2008 |access-date=6 July 2011|archive-date=8 September 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110908002524/http://www.slate.com/id/2193949/|url-status=live|last1=Chance |first1=Kerry }}</ref> Mu 2012, habaye [[ubwicanyi]] bwa Marikana, bwabaye bwo bwicanyi bukomeye bwakozwe n'inzego z'umutekano ku baturage kuva imyigaragambyo ya Soweto.<ref name="en22">{{cite news |agency=Associated Press |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/south-african-police-open-fire-on-striking-mine-workers-several-injured/2012/08/16/c9c99e3c-e7ad-11e1-9739-eef99c5fb285_story.html|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120817062827/http://www.washingtonpost.com/business/south-african-police-open-fire-on-striking-mine-workers-several-injured/2012/08/16/c9c99e3c-e7ad-11e1-9739-eef99c5fb285_story.html|archive-date=17 August 2012|title=South African police open fire as striking miners charge, killing and wounding workers|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=16 August 2012|access-date=16 August 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Mu gihe cya Perezida Jacob Zuma, ruswa n'iyigarurirwa ry'inzego za Leta byabaye ikibazo gikomeye. Ifungwa rye by'agateganyo mu 2021 ryateje imvururu zahitanye abantu 354.<ref name="en23">{{Cite web |last=Campbell |first=John |date=2021-07-15 |title=South Africa Sees the Best of Times and the Worst of Times |url=https://www.cfr.org/blog/south-africa-sees-best-times-and-worst-times |access-date=2024-06-04 |website=Council on Foreign Relations |language=en |archive-date=4 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240604133942/https://www.cfr.org/blog/south-africa-sees-best-times-and-worst-times |url-status=live }}</ref> Kuva mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 21, ishyaka ANC ryagiye ritakaza imbaraga mu matora. Mu matora rusange yo mu 2024, ku nshuro ya mbere ryananiwe kubona ubwiganze busesuye mu [[Inteko ishinga amategeko|Nteko Ishinga Amategeko]].<ref name="en24">{{Cite web |last1=Chothia |first1=Farouk |last2=Byaruhanga |first2=Catherine |date=2024-05-31 |title=South Africa election result: Will ANC share power with MK party or DA? |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cyeek2xlgzzo |access-date=2024-06-04 |website=BBC News |language=en-GB |archive-date=1 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240601124426/https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cyeek2xlgzzo |url-status=live }}</ref> Nyuma y'ayo matora, Perezida Cyril Ramaphosa yashyizeho Guverinoma y'Ubumwe bw'Igihugu (Government of National Unity) ifatanyije n'andi mashyaka, harimo Democratic Alliance.<ref name="en25">{{Cite web |date=2024-06-14 |title=South Africa's ANC moves closer to forming coalition government |url=https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20240614-south-africa-s-anc-reaches-last-minute-deal-for-coalition-government |access-date=2024-06-15 |website=France 24 |language=en |archive-date=15 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240615221341/https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20240614-south-africa-s-anc-reaches-last-minute-deal-for-coalition-government |url-status=live }}</ref> == Imiterere y'igihugu == [[File:Cape-town-port-boats.jpg|thumb|left|Icyambu cya Cape Town]] Afurika y'Epfo iherereye mu majyepfo y'umugabane wa Afurika, ikagira inkombe z'inyanja zifite uburebure burenga kilometero 2,500, zihana imbibi n'Inyanja ya Atalantika y'Amajyepfo ndetse n'Inyanja y'u Buhinde. Ifite ubuso bungana na kilometero kare 1,219,912, bikayigira igihugu cya 24 kinini ku isi.<ref name="en26">{{Cite web|title=Demographic Yearbook – 2015 |date=2016 |url=https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/dyb2015.htm|access-date=12 December 2017|website=United Nations Statistics Division |archive-date=8 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180708191849/https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/dyb2015.htm|url-status=live }}</ref> Uretse ibirwa bya Prince Edward, igihugu kiri hagati ya dogere 22° na 35° z'amajyepfo (S) na dogere 16° na 33° z'iburasirazuba (E). Igice kinini cy'imbere mu gihugu kigizwe n'ikibaya kinini kiri ku butumburuke buri hagati ya metero 1,000 na 2,100 hejuru y'inyanja. Iki kibaya kiri hejuru cyane mu burasirazuba, kikagenda kigabanuka buhoro buhoro werekeza iburengerazuba, amajyaruguru n'amajyepfo y'iburengerazuba. Gikikijwe n'umusozi muremure uzwi nka Great Escarpment, aho igice cyawo cyo mu burasirazuba kandi kiri hejuru cyane cyitwa [[Drakensberg]].<ref name="en27">Encyclopædia Britannica (1975); Micropaedia Vol. III, p. 655. Helen Hemingway Benton Publishers, Chicago.</ref> Umusozi wa Mafadi, uherereye muri Drakensberg, ni wo muremure kurusha indi muri Afurika y'Epfo, ufite ubuhagarike bwa metero 3,450 hejuru y'inyanja.<ref name="en28">Atlas of Southern Africa. (1984). p. 151. Reader's Digest Association, Cape Town</ref> Umupaka uhuza intara ya KwaZulu-Natal na Lesotho unyura ku gice kiri hejuru cyane cya Great Escarpment, kigera ku butumburuke burenga metero 3,000. Agace k'inkombe kari munsi ya Great Escarpment, guhera mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba, kagizwe na Limpopo Lowveld, gakomeza muri Mpumalanga Lowveld, munsi ya Mpumalanga Drakensberg. Aka gace karangwa n'ubushyuhe bwinshi n'imvura nke ugereranyije na Highveld, kandi ubuhinzi ntibuhakorwa cyane. Muri aka karere ni ho haherereye Pariki y'Igihugu ya Kruger (Kruger National Park), imwe mu z'ingenzi muri Afurika, ifite ubuso bungana na kilometero kare 19,633.<ref name="en29">{{Cite web|title=Kruger National Park|url=http://www.africa.com/south-africa/travel/what-to-do/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141218164142/http://www.africa.com/south-africa/travel/what-to-do/|archive-date=18 December 2014|access-date=16 December 2014|publisher=Africa.com}}</ref> Mu burengerazuba bw'inkombe, uhereye mu majyaruguru ya Cape Peninsula, hari akarere ka Swartland na Malmesbury Plain, kazwi cyane mu buhinzi bw'[[ingano]] bushingiye ku mvura y'itumba.<ref name="en30">Atlas of Southern Africa. (1984). p. 113. Reader's Digest Association, Cape Town</ref> Mu majyaruguru yaho hari Namaqualand, igenda irushaho gukama yegereye Uruzi rwa Orange.<ref name="en31">Atlas of Southern Africa. (1984). p. 19. Reader's Digest Association, Cape Town</ref> Nubwo aka karere kagwa imvura nke, iyo imvura yaguye mu gihe cy'itumba, mu mpeshyi (Kanama–Nzeri) huzura indabo z'amoko menshi zigakwira mu bibaya, bikaba kimwe mu bintu bikurura ba mukerarugendo benshi ku isi. == Ikirere == [[File:Amphitheatre Drakensberg.jpg|thumb|left|Imisozi ya Drakensberg]] Afurika y'Epfo ifite ikirere giciriritse muri rusange, bitewe n'uko ikikijwe n'Inyanja ya Atalantika n'Inyanja y'u Buhinde ku mpande eshatu, ikaba iri mu gice cy'amajyepfo y'Isi gifite ikirere kidakabije, ndetse n'uko ubutumburuke bw'igihugu bugenda bwiyongera werekeza mu majyaruguru no hagati mu gihugu. Imiterere y'ubutaka n'ingaruka z'inyanja bituma igihugu kigira ubwoko butandukanye bw'ikirere. Mu majyaruguru y'iburengerazuba hari ubutayu bwa Namib bufite ubushyuhe n'ubukame bukabije, mu gihe mu burasirazuba, ku mupaka wa [[Mozambike]] n'Inyanja y'u Buhinde, hari ikirere cy'ubushyuhe n'imvura nyinshi (subtropical). Igihe cy'itumba muri Afurika y'Epfo kiba hagati ya Kamena na Kanama. Ahantu hakonja kurusha ahandi ni Buffelsfontein mu ntara ya Eastern Cape. Mu 2013, hapimwe ubushyuhe bwa −20,1 °C.<ref name="en32">{{Cite web|date=1 July 2018|title=These are the lowest ever temperatures recorded in South Africa|url=https://www.thesouthafrican.com/lifestyle/lowest-temperature-recorded-south-africa/|access-date=11 September 2020|website=The South African|language=en-US|archive-date=11 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200911142956/https://www.thesouthafrican.com/lifestyle/lowest-temperature-recorded-south-africa/|url-status=live }}</ref> Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwemewe bwapimwe i Vioolsdrif muri Mutarama 1993. Bwageze kuri 48,8 °C.<ref name="en33">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SMdzAAAAMAAJ|title=South Africa yearbook|publisher=South African Communication Service|year=1997|isbn=9780797035447|page=3|access-date=14 October 2015|archive-date=24 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160124000311/https://books.google.com/books?id=SMdzAAAAMAAJ|url-status=live }}</ref> === Ubutegetsi n'umukuru w'igihugu === [[File:Union Buildings, Pretoria.jpg|thumb|left|Union Buildings i Pretoria]] Afurika y’Epfo igendera ku mfashanyigisho y'inteko ishinga amategeko (parliamentary republic), ariko ifite umwihariko: * Perezida: Ni umukuru w’igihugu akaba n'umukuru w’guverinoma. Agomba kuba afite icyizere cy’Inteko Ishinga Amategeko kugira ngo agume ku gutegeka. * Gutora Perezida: Nyuma y'amatora y'inteko, Abadepite (National Assembly) batora umwe mu bagize inteko akaba Perezida. * Manda: Perezida amara imyaka 5 ku ntebe, kandi ashobora kuyobora manda ebyiri gusa.<ref name="en34">{{cite news|url=https://www.economist.com/leaders/2006/04/06/when-enough-is-enough|title=Term Limits in Africa|newspaper=The Economist|date=6 April 2006|access-date=26 June 2013|archive-date=19 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019194644/http://www.economist.com/node/6772433|url-status=live }}</ref> * Cabinet: Perezida ashyiraho Icyegera cye (Deputy President) na ba Minisitiri. Inteko iramutse imukupye icyizere (''motion of no confidence''), Perezida na guverinoma ye bashobora gukurvaho. * Uburenganzira bw'Itegeko Nshinga: Inzego zose (Itafata ibyemezo, Ishinga amategeko, n'Ubutabera) zitwarwa n'Itegeko Nshinga. Inkiko nkuru zifite ububasha bwo kuburizamo ibyemezo cyangwa amategeko anyuranyije naryo. === Inteko ishinga amategeko === Inteko ifite inzu ebyiri: # National Assembly (Inzu yo Pasi): Igizwe n'abadepite 400 batorwa ku mfashanyigisho y'ijanisha ry'amajwi amashyaka yaboneye (''party-list proportional representation'') buri myaka 5. # National Council of Provinces (Inzu yo Mu hisi): Igizwe n'abajyanama 90 (buri ntara mu ziri 9 itora abantu 10). === Amatora yo ku wa 29 Gicurasi 2024 === Aya matora yabaye amateka kuko ishyaka rya ANC yatakaje ubwiganze mu nteko ku buryo bw'umwihariko kuva Apartheid yagera ku musozo:<ref name="en35">{{Cite news |last=Akinwotu |first=Emmanuel |date=1 June 2024 |title=In a historic election, South Africa's ANC loses majority for the first time |url=https://www.npr.org/2024/06/01/nx-s1-4987616/south-africa-election-results |access-date=26 August 2024 |work=NPR}}</ref> * ANC: Yabonye 40% (imyanya 159). * DA (Democratic Alliance): Yabonye 22% (imyanya 87) - Ishyaka rikuru rirwanya ubutegetsi. * uMkhonto weSizwe (MK): Yabonye 14.6% (imyanya 58) - Ryashinzwe na Jacob Zuma. * EFF (Economic Freedom Fighters): Yabonye 9.5% (imyanya 39) - Ryashinzwe na Julius Malema.<ref name="en36">{{Cite news |last=Usher |first=Barbara Plett |date=14 June 2024 |title=A landmark moment in South Africa for a humbled ANC |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cw55w4z3gqeo |access-date=26 August 2024 |work=BBC}}</ref> <blockquote>Nyuma y'amatora, ANC yafatanyije na DA n'ayandi mashyaka mato gukora Guverinoma y'Ubumwe bw'Igihugu (Government of National Unity).</blockquote> === Imirwa mikuru === Afurika y’Epfo ntabwo ifite umurwa mukuru umwe utenganwa mu buryo bw'itegeko. Ubutegetsi bugabanyije mu mijyi itatu:<ref name="en37">{{cite web |title=South Africa's Three Capital Cities |url=https://www.gov.za/about-sa/south-africas-three-capital-cities |publisher=Government of South Africa |access-date=19 July 2025}}</ref> * Cape Town (Umurwa mukuru w'amategeko): Ibyicaro by'Inteko Ishinga Amategeko. * Pretoria (Umurwa mukuru w'ubutegetsi): Ibyicaro vya Perezida, Cabinet, n'ambasade z'amahanga. * Bloemfontein (Umurwa mukuru w'ubutabera): Ibyicaro by'Urukiko Rusange rwayo (''Supreme Court of Appeal''). ''(Nyamara, Urukiko Rurembereye rw'Itegeko Nshinga ruherereye i Johannesburg kuva mu 1994).'' === Amategeko n'inkiko === Amategeko ya Afurika y'Epfo ashingiye ku mbata y'imvange y'amateka babayemo: # Roman-Dutch law: Amategeko yazanywe n'Abaholandi mu bihe bya Koni.<ref name="en38">{{cite web|url=http://www.llrx.com/features/southafrica.htm|title=Researching South African Law|access-date=23 June 2008|first1=Pamela|last1=Snyman|first2=Amanda|last2=Barratt|name-list-style=amp|date=2 October 2002|publisher=w/ Library Resource Xchange|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080617154356/http://www.llrx.com/features/southafrica.htm|archive-date=17 June 2008 }}</ref> # English Common law: Amategeko y'Abongereza yazanywe mu kinyejana cya 19. Urutonde rw'inkiko, uhereye ku rwego rwo hejuru: * Constitutional Court: Urukiko rurembereye (i Johannesburg). * Supreme Court of Appeal: Urukiko rugenewe ibindi bibazo bitari ibyo mu Itegeko Nshinga (i Bloemfontein). * High Court: Inkiko zisumbuye mu turere dutandukanye. * Magistrates' Courts: Inkiko z'ibanze ziburanisha ibyaha bito n'imbatshwa z'ubucuruzi ziciriritse. === Imyigaragambyo, imiyoborere n'uburenganzira bwa muntu === * Imyigaragambyo: Kuva mu 2004, iki gihugu cyagize imyigaragambyo myinshi mu baturage (harimo n'iy'urugomo), ku buryo gushaka kuvugwa ko ari cyo gihugu gihura n'imyigaragambyo myinshi mu isi.<ref name="en39">{{cite news |last1=Alexander |first1=Peter |title=Protests and Police Statistics: Some Commentary |url=https://www.amandla.org.za/protests-and-police-statistics-some-commentary-by-prof-peter-alexander/ |work=Amandla |date=27 March 2012 |access-date=8 April 2024 |archive-date=28 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231128234908/https://www.amandla.org.za/protests-and-police-statistics-some-commentary-by-prof-peter-alexander/ |url-status=live }}</ref> * Icyerekezo cy'Ibrahim Index (2022): Afurika y’Epfo yaje ku mwanya wa 6 mu bihugu 48 bya Afurika yo munsi ya Sahara.<ref name="en40">{{cite web|title=South Africa's recent performance in the Ibrahim Index of African Governance|url=http://www.moibrahimfoundation.org/south-africa/|publisher=Mo Ibrahim Foundation|access-date=16 February 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130218132708/http://www.moibrahimfoundation.org/south-africa/|archive-date=18 February 2013 }}</ref> Yagize amanota meza mu Gutegekesha Itegeko, Mu Bweranda, n'Uburenganzira bwa Muntu, ariko igira amanota make mu Mutekano. * Uburenganzira bw'Abahuje Igitsina: Mu 2006, yabaye imwe mu nshingano za mbere mu isi yemereye gushyingiranwa ku bahuje igitsina (''same-sex marriage'').<ref name="en41">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/6159991.stm|title=SA marriage law signed|work=BBC News|date=30 November 2006|access-date=26 June 2013|archive-date=20 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211120235651/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/6159991.stm|url-status=live }}</ref> == Ubukungu == [[File:Johannesburg Skyline.jpg|thumb|left|Umujyi wa Johannesburg]] Afurika y'Epfo ifite ubukungu buvanze (mixed economy) burangwa n'urwego rw'imari rwateye imbere, inganda zitandukanye, ndetse n'umutungo kamere mwinshi. Ni cyo gihugu gifite ubukungu bunini muri Afurika, kandi kizwi nk'igihugu cyateye imbere cyane mu rwego rw'inganda, ikoranabuhanga n'ubukungu butandukanye ku mugabane wa Afurika. Mu mwaka wa 2026, umusaruro mbumbe w'igihugu (GDP) warengeje miliyari 450 z'amadolari ya Amerika, kandi gifite umwe mu musaruro mbumbe ku muturage (GDP per capita) uri hejuru cyane muri Afurika yo munsi y'Ubutayu bwa Sahara. [[Ifaranga]] ry'Afurika y'Epfo, Rand (ZAR), ni ryo rikoreshwa cyane mu bucuruzi bw'ivunjisha muri Afurika. Isoko ry'imari ry'i Johannesburg (Johannesburg Stock Exchange – JSE) ni ryo rinini ku mugabane wa Afurika, kandi mu mwaka wa 2026 ryari ku mwanya wa 16 ku isi mu gaciro k'amasosiyete aribarizwaho, gafite agaciro kagera kuri tiriyoni 1.53 z'amadolari ya Amerika.<ref name="en46">{{Cite web |title=JSE Trading Hours & Market Holidays [2023]|url=https://www.tradinghours.com/markets/jse|access-date=2023-03-26|website=www.tradinghours.com|archive-date=26 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326195115/https://www.tradinghours.com/markets/jse|url-status=live}}</ref> Afurika y'Epfo ni na yo gihugu rukumbi cyo muri Afurika kiri mu muryango wa G20, kandi ni umunyamuryango wa BRICS, ibintu bigaragaza uruhare rukomeye gifite mu bukungu bw'isi.<ref name="en45">{{Cite web |title=South Africa's membership of BRICS has tangible benefits for South Africans|url=https://www.thedtic.gov.za/wp-content/uploads/BRICS-Benefits-to-South-Africa.pdf|website=The Department of Trade Industry and Competition}}</ref> Afurika y'Epfo ni kimwe mu bihugu bikomeye mu bucuruzi mpuzamahanga, aho ibyoherezwa mu mahanga bifite uruhare runini mu bukungu bwacyo. Ibicuruzwa byoherezwa hanze cyane birimo amabuye y'agaciro, ibinyabiziga, imashini, umusaruro w'ubuhinzi ndetse n'ibicuruzwa by'inganda.<ref name="en47">{{cite web |title=South Africa|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/south-africa/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210110042951/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/south-africa|archive-date=10 January 2021|access-date=23 January 2021|website=The World Factbook|publisher=CIA}}</ref> Abafatanyabikorwa bayo bakomeye mu bucuruzi barimo [[Ubushinwa]], Umuryango w'Ubumwe bw'u Burayi (EU), [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika]], [[Ubudage]], [[Ubuyapani]], u [[Ubuhinde|Buhinde]] n'Ubwami bw'Abongereza. Iki gihugu kandi cyungukira ku masezerano y'ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga arimo Isoko Rusange ry'Ubucuruzi muri Afurika (AfCFTA) n'itegeko rya African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA), bikomeza kugiha umwanya ukomeye nk'igicumbi cy'ubucuruzi n'ishoramari muri Afurika. Nubwo nyuma y'iherezo rya politiki y'ivanguramoko (Apartheid) mu 1994 hashyizweho amavugurura menshi mu bukungu, Afurika y'Epfo iracyahanganye n'ibibazo bikomeye by'imibereho n'ubukungu. Muri byo harimo ubushomeri buri ku rwego rwo hejuru, ubukene bukabije, ndetse n'ubusumbane bukabije mu kwinjiza amafaranga, aho igihugu kiri mu bifite ikinyuranyo kinini hagati y'abakire n'abakene ku isi. Abaturage barenga kimwe cya kabiri babaho munsi y'umurongo w'ubukene, kandi igipimo cya Gini coefficient, gipima ubusumbane mu kwinjiza amafaranga, kiri mu biri hejuru cyane ku rwego mpuzamahanga.<ref name="en48">{{Cite web|url=https://databankfiles.worldbank.org/public/ddpext_download/poverty/33EF03BB-9722-4AE2-ABC7-AA2972D68AFE/Global_POVEQ_ZAF.pdf|publisher=World Bank |title=Poverty & Equity Brief: South Africa |date=April 2020 |access-date=7 April 2023|archive-date=20 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230420193850/https://databankfiles.worldbank.org/public/ddpext_download/poverty/33EF03BB-9722-4AE2-ABC7-AA2972D68AFE/Global_POVEQ_ZAF.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="en49">{{Cite web |title=World Bank Open Data |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?locations=1W-ZA&most_recent_value_desc=true |access-date=2024-04-04 |website=World Bank Open Data |archive-date=4 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240404210056/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?locations=1W-ZA&most_recent_value_desc=true |url-status=live }}</ref> === Inganda na serivisi === Urwego rwa serivisi ni rwo rugira uruhare runini mu bukungu bwa Afurika y'Epfo, rutanga hafi 70% by'Umusaruro Mbumbe w'Igihugu (GDP) kandi rukaba rwanatanga akazi ku mubare munini w'abaturage. Umujyi wa Johannesburg ni wo kigo gikomeye cy'imari muri Afurika, ukaba ubarizwamo amabanki manini ku mugabane, ibigo mpuzamahanga byinshi, ndetse n'Isoko ry'Imigabane rya Johannesburg (Johannesburg Stock Exchange), rifite agaciro k'isoko kageraga kuri tiriyoni 1.36 z'amadolari ya Amerika mu mwaka wa 2023. Iryo soko ryihariye hafi 90% by'agaciro k'amasoko y'imigabane yose muri Afurika. Ubucuruzi nabwo bufite uruhare runini mu bukungu bw'igihugu. Afurika y'Epfo ifite isoko rinini ry'ubucuruzi muri Afurika kandi iza ku mwanya wa gatandatu ku isi mu kugira umubare munini w'amaduka manini acururizwamo (shopping centres). Ni na ho havuye urunigi rwa resitora Nando's, rumaze gukwira mu bihugu birenga 20 ku isi.<ref name="en52">{{cite web |last=Seth Thorne|date=25 July 2024|title=The men behind Nando's – South Africa's global Peri-Peri chicken empire|url=https://businesstech.co.za/news/business/784074/the-men-behind-nandos-south-africas-global-peri-peri-chicken-empire/|website=BusinessTech|access-date=April 5, 2026}}</ref> [[Inganda]] zikora ibintu (manufacturing) zikomeza kuba inkingi ikomeye y'ubukungu, zitanga hafi 13% bya GDP kandi zigaha akazi abantu barenga miliyoni 1.7.<ref name="en50">{{cite news|url=https://www.economist.com/special-report/2010/06/05/jobless-growth|title=South Africa, Jobless growth – The Economist|newspaper=The Economist}}</ref> Afurika y'Epfo ifite urwego rw'inganda ruteye imbere kandi rutandukanye kurusha urw'ibindi bihugu bya Afurika. Inganda zikora imodoka ni zo ziza ku isonga, aho ibigo nka Toyota, Volkswagen, BMW, Ford, Mercedes-Benz, na Nissan bifite inganda nini ziteranyirizwamo imodoka. Igihugu gikora imodoka zirenga 600,000 buri mwaka, kikaba ari cyo cya mbere muri Afurika mu gukora imodoka, kandi nyinshi zoherezwa ku masoko yo mu Burayi, Aziya no mu bindi bihugu bya Afurika.<ref name="en51">{{Cite web |title=Automotive - BDO|url=https://www.bdo.co.za/en-za/industries/consumer-markets/automotive|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250718132112/https://www.bdo.co.za/en-za/industries/consumer-markets/automotive|archive-date=2025-07-18|access-date=2025-11-05|website=www.bdo.co.za|language=en-ZA}}</ref> Ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro bukomeje kuba imwe mu nkingi z'ubukungu bw'igihugu. Bugira uruhare rwa 7–8% bya GDP, kandi bwinjiza amafaranga arenga kimwe cya kabiri cy'ibyoherezwa mu mahanga. Afurika y'Epfo ni kimwe mu bihugu bikomeye ku isi mu bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro. Ni cyo gihugu cya mbere ku isi mu gutunganya platine, chrome, manganese, na vanadium, kandi kiri mu bihugu bikomeye mu gucukura amakara, ubutare bw'icyuma (iron ore), diyama, uranium, titanium, na zahabu. Afurika y'Epfo ifite umutungo munini cyane w'amabuye y'agaciro ufite agaciro karenga tiriyoni 2.5 z'amadolari ya Amerika, kandi iri mu bihugu icumi bya mbere ku isi bifite amabuye y'agaciro menshi atandukanye.<ref name="en53">{{Cite web |title=Critical Minerals and Metals Strategy South Africa 2025|url=https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/202505/critical-minerals-and-metals-strategy-south-africa-2025.pdf|website=www.gov.za}}</ref> Ifite kandi hafi 88% by'ububiko bwa platine ku isi, 80% bya manganese, na 72% bya chromite.<ref name="en53" /> === Ubukerarugendo === [[Ubukerarugendo]] ni imwe mu nkingi z'ingenzi z'ubukungu bwa Afurika y'Epfo. Bugira uruhare rwa hafi 3.3% by'Umusaruro Mbumbe w'Igihugu (GDP) kandi butanga akazi ku bantu bagera kuri miliyoni 1.8, bingana n'ibice birenga 10% by'abakozi bose mu gihugu. Mu mwaka wa 2024, Afurika y'Epfo yakiriye abakerarugendo mpuzamahanga bagera kuri miliyoni 8.9 binjiye banyuze ku mipaka n'ibyambu bitandukanye. Mu 2025, ikinyamakuru ''The Daily Telegraph'' cyayishyize mu bihugu bikunzwe cyane ku isi mu bukerarugendo ndetse kiba igihugu cya mbere muri Afurika no mu karere k'Inyanja y'u Buhinde mu gukundwa n'abagenzi.<ref name="en54">{{cite web |author=Sibuliso Duba|date=25 July 2025|title=SA ranked fourth-best country in the world as tourism flourishes|url=https://www.capetownetc.com/news/sa-ranked-fourth-best-country-in-the-world-as-tourism-flourishes/|access-date=27 July 2025|publisher=CapeTown ETC}}</ref> Afurika y'Epfo ifite Ahantu 12 ndangamurage z'Isi za UNESCO (UNESCO World Heritage Sites), zigaragaza akamaro k'iki gihugu mu kubungabunga ibidukikije, amateka n'umuco.<ref name="en55">{{Cite web |title=Tourism |url=https://www.gcis.gov.za/sites/default/files/docs/Tourism.pdf |website=www.statssa.gov.za}}</ref> Muri zo harimo Robben Island, Cradle of Humankind, iSimangaliso Wetland Park, Cape Floral Region Protected Areas, Mapungubwe National Park, Maloti-Drakensberg Park, na Richtersveld Cultural and Botanical Landscape. Izi ndangamurage zikomeza gukurura ba mukerarugendo baturutse impande zose z'isi kandi zigira uruhare rukomeye mu iterambere ry'ubukungu bw'igihugu.[[Dosiye:Ciudad_del_Cabo_desde_Cabeza_de_León,_Sudáfrica,_2018-07-22,_DD_34.jpg|thumb|Ciudad del Cabo desde Cabeza de León, Sudáfrica, 2018-07-22, DD 34]] == Ubumenyi n'ikoranabuhanga == Afurika y'Epfo ni kimwe mu bihugu bya Afurika byatanze umusanzu ukomeye mu iterambere ry'ubumenyi n'ikoranabuhanga. Mu 2025, cyashyizwe ku mwanya wa 61 ku Isi mu rutonde rw'Ibihugu Bigaragaza Udushya n'Ubushakashatsi (''Global Innovation Index'').<ref name="en56">{{Cite book |last1=Dutta |first1=Soumitra |url=https://www.wipo.int/web-publications/global-innovation-index-2025/en/index.html |title=Global Innovation Index 2025: Innovation at a Crossroads |last2=Lanvin |first2=Bruno |publisher=World Intellectual Property Organization |year=2025 |isbn=978-92-805-3797-0 |page=19 |language=en |doi=10.34667/tind.58864 |access-date=2025-10-17}}</ref> * Max Theiler, wakoze urukingo rw'indwara ya Yellow Fever (umuriro w'umuhondo). * Allan MacLeod Cormack, wagize uruhare rukomeye mu guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga rya CT Scan (Computed Tomography) rikoreshwa mu gusuzuma indwara imbere mu mubiri. * Aaron Klug, yateje imbere uburyo bwo gukoresha electron microscopy mu bushakashatsi ku miterere y'utunyangingo. Mu rwego rw'ikoranabuhanga, Mark Shuttleworth yashinze Thawte, kimwe mu bigo bya mbere byatanze serivisi z'umutekano wa interineti (Internet Security).<ref name="en57">{{Cite web |title=About Thawte - SSL and Code Signing Certificates from Thawte, Inc. |url=https://www.thawte.com/about/ |access-date=2024-05-11 |website=www.thawte.com}}</ref> Nyuma yaje no kuba umwe mu Banyafurika ba mbere bakoze urugendo rwo mu isanzure (space). Afurika y'Epfo ifite kandi urwego rw'ubushakashatsi mu by'inyenyeri n'isanzure (Astronomy) ruteye imbere. Ni ho hari Southern African Large Telescope (SALT), ari yo telesikopi nini cyane ikoresha urumuri (optical telescope) mu gice cy'Amajyepfo y'Isi.<ref name="en58">{{cite web |date=2 April 2011 |title=SKA announces Founding Board and selects Jodrell Bank Observatory to host Project Office |url=http://www.skatelescope.org/news/2nd-april-news/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121029041532/http://www.skatelescope.org/news/2nd-april-news/ |archive-date=29 October 2012 |access-date=14 April 2011 |publisher=SKA 2011}}</ref> Iki gihugu kandi kirimo kubaka Karoo Array Telescope, igice cy'umushinga mpuzamahanga wa Square Kilometre Array (SKA), uzaba umwe mu mishinga minini cyane ku isi mu bushakashatsi bw'isanzure. Mu rwego rw'ikoranabuhanga rya gisirikare, Afurika y'Epfo yatanze umusanzu ukomeye mu gukora imodoka za gisirikare zirinda abasirikare ibisasu bishyingurwa mu butaka (landmines) n'ibindi bisasu byaturikirizwa kure (MRAP – Mine-Resistant Ambush Protected vehicles).<ref name="en59">{{Cite web |last=FinGlobal |date=2020-06-11 |title=South African inventions: What is South Africa famous for? |url=https://www.finglobal.com/2020/06/11/south-african-inventions/ |access-date=2025-08-13 |website=FinGlobal |language=en-US}}</ref> Izi modoka zaje kuba urugero rwakurikijwe n'ibihugu byinshi byo ku isi. == Ubwikorezi == [[File:Train at Sandton Gautrain station.jpg|thumb|left|Gari ya moshi ya Gautrain i Sandton]] Afurika y'Epfo ni cyo gihugu gifite ibikorwaremezo by'ubwikorezi binini kandi biteye imbere kurusha ibindi muri Afurika. Ifite urusobe ruhujwe rw'imihanda, gari ya moshi, ibibuga by'indege, ibyambu n'imiyoboro itwara ibikomoka kuri peteroli na gaz. Igihugu gifite ibilometero bisaga 750,000 by'imihanda, bikaba ari urusobe rw'imihanda runini muri Afurika ndetse rukaba ruri ku mwanya wa 12 ku isi.<ref name="en60">{{Cite web |title=SANRAL |url=https://www.nra.co.za/live/content.php?Item_ID=96 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180915122331/https://www.nra.co.za/live/content.php?Item_ID=96 |archive-date=2018-09-15 |access-date=2025-07-05 |website=www.nra.co.za}}</ref> Ikigo cya Leta cyitwa South African National Roads Agency (SANRAL) ni cyo gishinzwe kubungabunga no guteza imbere imihanda y'igihugu. Mu mihanda y'ingenzi harimo N1, N2, N3 na N4, ihuza imijyi minini y'igihugu kandi ikaba iri mu mihanda mpuzamahanga nka Cape to Cairo Highway, ihuza Amajyepfo n'Amajyaruguru ya Afurika. Urusobe rwa gari ya moshi rureshya n'ibilometero 36,000, rukaba ari rwo runini muri Afurika ndetse rukaza ku mwanya wa karindwi ku isi. Gutwara imizigo bikorwa cyane n'ikigo Transnet Freight Rail, naho gutwara abagenzi bikorwa n'ikigo Passenger Rail Agency of South Africa (PRASA). Hari kandi Gautrain, gari ya moshi yihuta ihuza Johannesburg na Pretoria, ikaba ari yo serivisi ya gari ya moshi yihuta yonyine muri Afurika y'Epfo.<ref name="en61">{{Cite web |title=High-speed trains for South Africa are coming: Ramaphosa |url=https://businesstech.co.za/news/government/797467/high-speed-trains-for-south-africa-are-coming-ramaphosa/ |access-date=2025-07-24 |language=en-US}}</ref> Afurika y'Epfo ifite ibibuga by'indege birenga 1,500, bikaba biri mu mubare munini cyane ku isi kandi ari byo byinshi kurusha ibindi bihugu bya Afurika.<ref name="en62">{{Cite web |title=Department of Transport: National Airports Development Plan: NADP March 2024 |url=https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/202604/54520gen3893.pdf |website=www.gov.za}}</ref> Ikibuga cy'Indege Mpuzamahanga cya O.R. Tambo giherereye i Johannesburg ni cyo kinini kandi gikoreshwa cyane muri Afurika, kikaba ari na cyo cyinjirirwamo n'abagenzi benshi baturuka cyangwa bajya mu mahanga.<ref name="en63">{{Cite web |author1=Theafricalogistics |date=2019-07-08 |title=Top 10 largest airports in Africa |url=https://theafricalogistics.com/2019/07/08/top-10-largest-airports-in-africa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230402230217/https://theafricalogistics.com/2019/07/08/top-10-largest-airports-in-africa/ |archive-date=2 April 2023 |access-date=2023-04-02 |website=The Africa Logistics |language=en-US}}</ref> Ibindi bibuga bikomeye ni Cape Town International Airport, King Shaka International Airport, na Chief Dawid Stuurman International Airport. Mu rwego rw'ubwikorezi bwo mu mazi, Afurika y'Epfo ifite ibyambu bikomeye birimo Durban, Cape Town, Gqeberha, Richards Bay, Saldanha Bay, na East London.<ref name="en64">{{Cite news |title=The bottleneck |url=https://www.economist.com/middle-east-and-africa/2016/03/19/the-bottleneck |access-date=2025-07-24 |newspaper=The Economist |issn=0013-0613}}</ref> Icyambu cya Durban ni cyo cyambu gikomeye kurusha ibindi byo munsi y'Ubutayu bwa Sahara mu kwakira no kohereza kontineri, kandi kiri ku mwanya wa kane mu gice cy'Amajyepfo y'Isi. Icyambu cya Richards Bay na cyo kiri mu byambu binini ku isi byoherezamo ibicuruzwa byinshi, cyane cyane amabuye y'agaciro n'ibindi bicuruzwa byinshi. {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:South Africa|Amafoto y'Afurika y'Epfo]] kuri Wikimedia Commons {{Afurika}} [[Ikiciro:Afurika y’Epfo]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Ibihugu]] cnwipab5mlwkhpv0ohqy9sbhvn5s8f4 0 3668 148796 144117 2026-11-03T15:54:55Z Score Beethoven 11559 148796 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox igihugu | common_name = Aligeriya | conventional_long_name = Repubulika ya Rubanda ya Demokarasi ya Aligeriya | native_name = الجمهورية الجزائرية الديمقراطية الشعبية | image_flag = Flag of Algeria.svg | image_coat = Emblem of Algeria.svg | image_map = Algeria (orthographic projection).svg | capital = Alger | official_languages = [[Icyarabu]] n'Igitamazight | leader_title1 = Perezida | leader_name1 = [[Abdelmadjid Tebboune]] | leader_title2 = Minisitiri w'Intebe | leader_name2 = Sifi Ghrieb | sovereignty_type = Ubwigenge | established_event1 = Ku [[Ubufaransa]] | established_date1 = 5 Nyakanga 1962 | area_km2 = 2381741 | population_estimate = 48 472 000 | population_estimate_year = 2026 | currency = Idinari ya Aligeriya | iso3166code = omit }} '''Aligeriya''' (mu [[Icyarabu]]: الجزائر; mu Gitamazight: ⴷⵣⴰⵢⴻⵔ) ni igihugu cyo muri [[Afurika]] y'Amajyaruguru. Ni cyo gihugu kinini kurusha ibindi muri Afurika. Umurwa mukuru ni Alger. Aligeriya yakolonijwe n'[[Ubufaransa]] imyaka 132. Yabonye ubwigenge mu 1962. Indimi zemewe ni Icyarabu n'Igitamazight. Perezida w'igihugu ni [[Abdelmadjid Tebboune]]. == Imiterere == [[File:Annaba, algeria04.jpg|thumb|left|Umujyi wa Annaba]] Aligeriya ifite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 2 381 741. Ni cyo gihugu gifite ubuso bunini muri Afurika.<ref name="summary">{{Cite web |title=Algeria summary |url=https://www.britannica.com/summary/Algeria |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |language=en |access-date=2026-11-03}}</ref> Mu majyaruguru, Aligeriya ikora ku Nyanja ya Mediterane. Iburasirazuba, ihana imbibi na [[Tunisiya]] na [[Libiya]]. Mu majyepfo, ihana imbibi na [[Nigeri]], [[Mali]] na [[Moritaniya]]. Iburengerazuba, ihana imbibi na [[Maroke]] na Sahara y'Iburengerazuba.<ref name="britannica">{{Cite web |title=Algeria |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Algeria |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |language=en |access-date=2026-11-03}}</ref> [[Ubutayu bwa sahara|Ubutayu bwa Sahara]] bufite ibirenga bine bya gatanu by'ubuso bw'igihugu.<ref name="britannica" /> Mu majyaruguru, hari imisozi ya Atlas. Umusozi muremure ni Chélia. Ufite ubutumburuke bwa metero 2 328.<ref name="summary" /> == Amateka == Mu ntangiriro z'ikinyagihumbi cya mbere mbere ya Yezu, abacuruzi b'Abafenisiya batuye muri ako karere. Mu mwaka wa 40, Abaroma bategekaga inkombe ya Mediterane.<ref name="summary" /> Mu kinyejana cya 7, Abarabu bazanye [[Islamu]].<ref name="summary" /> Mu 1830, Abafaransa binjiye muri Aligeriya. Mu 1847, ingabo z'Abafaransa zategekaga igice kinini cy'igihugu.<ref name="summary" /> Intambara y'ubwigenge yabaye kuva mu 1954 kugeza mu 1962.<ref name="summary" /> Ku wa 1 Nyakanga 1962, Abanyaligeriya batoye ubwigenge muri referendumu. Ubufaransa bwemeye ubwo bwigenge ku wa 3 Nyakanga. Abanyaligeriya babwizihije ku wa 5 Nyakanga 1962. Ubwo bwigenge bwarangije imyaka 132 y'ubutegetsi bw'Abafaransa.<ref name="armee">{{Cite web |title=Independent Algeria (1962) |url=https://www.musee-armee.fr/ExpositionAlgerie/independent-algeria-1962.html |website=Musée de l'Armée |language=en |access-date=2026-11-03}}</ref> Mu ntangiriro z'imyaka ya 1990, habaye imirwano hagati y'ingabo n'imitwe y'intagondwa z'Abayisilamu.<ref name="summary" /> == Politiki == Abdelmadjid Tebboune yongeye gutorwa ku wa 7 Nzeri 2024. Yabonye amajwi 84,3%. Ni manda ye ya kabiri.<ref name="tebboune">{{Cite web |title=Présidentielles en Algérie : la Cour constitutionnelle annonce les résultats définitifs |url=https://www.tsa-algerie.com/presidentielles-en-algerie-la-cour-constitutionnelle-annonce-les-resultats-definitifs/ |website=TSA |date=2024-09-14 |language=fr |access-date=2026-11-03}}</ref> Ku wa 14 Nzeri 2025, Sifi Ghrieb yagizwe Minisitiri w'Intebe.<ref name="ghrieb">{{Cite web |title=Le Président Abdelmadjid Tebboune nomme Sifi Ghrib Premier ministre |url=https://www.lapresse.tn/?p=260013 |website=La Presse de Tunisie |date=2025-09-14 |language=fr |access-date=2026-11-03}}</ref> == Abaturage == Mu 2026, abaturage ba Aligeriya bagereranywaga na 48 472 000. Ururimi rwemewe ni Icyarabu. Igitamazight ni ururimi rw'igihugu. Igifaransa na cyo kirakoreshwa.<ref name="summary" /> == Ubukungu == Ubukungu bwa Aligeriya bushingiye cyane kuri peteroli na gaze. Igihugu kirabicukura kandi kikabyohereza mu mahanga.<ref name="summary" /> Ifaranga rikoreshwa ni Idinari ya Aligeriya.<ref name="summary" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Algeria|Amafoto ya Aligeriya]] kuri Wikimedia Commons {{Afurika}} [[Ikiciro:Aligeriya| ]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Ibihugu]] 20k6vj82jvu8cjyic0wtdpq4rzvrhwq 0 3706 148732 107326 2026-11-03T14:09:15Z Score Beethoven 11559 148732 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox igihugu | common_name = Cade | conventional_long_name = Repubulika ya Cade | native_name = جمهورية تشاد<br />République du Tchad | image_flag = Flag of Chad.svg | image_coat = Coat of arms of Chad.svg | image_map = Chad (orthographic projection).svg | capital = N'Djamena | official_languages = [[Icyarabu]] n'[[Igifaransa]] | leader_title1 = Perezida | leader_name1 = Mahamat Idriss Déby Itno | leader_title2 = Minisitiri w'Intebe | leader_name2 = Allamaye Halina | sovereignty_type = Ubwigenge | established_event1 = Ku [[Ubufaransa]] | established_date1 = 11 Kanama 1960 | area_km2 = 1284000 | population_estimate = 20 024 000 | population_estimate_year = 2026 | currency = Ifaranga rya CFA | iso3166code = omit }} '''Cade''' cyangwa '''Cadi''' (izina ryemewe: Repubulika ya Cade; mu [[Icyarabu]]: ''تشاد''; mu [[Igifaransa]]: ''Tchad'') ni igihugu cyo muri [[Afurika]] y'Amajyaruguru rwagati. Ntigikora ku nyanja. Umurwa mukuru ni N'Djamena. Cade ni igihugu cya gatanu kinini muri Afurika. Igice kinini cy'amajyaruguru yacyo kiri mu butayu bwa Sahara. Yabonye ubwigenge ku [[Ubufaransa]] mu 1960. == Imiterere == [[File:Well of the Young Girls in the Ennedi Mountains - northeastern Chad 2015.jpg|thumb|left|Iriba mu misozi ya Ennedi, mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba bwa Cade]] Cade ihana imbibi na [[Libiya]] mu majyaruguru. Mu burasirazuba, ihana imbibi na [[Sudani]]. Mu majyepfo, ihana imbibi na [[Repubulika ya Santara Afurika]]. Mu burengerazuba, ihana imbibi na [[Kameruni]], [[Nijeriya]] na [[Nigeri]].<ref name="britannica">{{Cite web |title=Chad |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Chad |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |language=en |access-date=2026-11-03}}</ref> Cade ifite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 1 284 000.<ref name="facts">{{Cite web |title=Chad: Quick Facts |url=https://www.britannica.com/facts/Chad |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |language=en |access-date=2026-11-03}}</ref> Igihugu ni nk'ikibaya kidakomeye. Kizamuka buhoro buhoro uvuye ku Kiyaga cya Cade mu burengerazuba. Kizengurutswe n'imisozi mu majyaruguru, mu burasirazuba no mu majyepfo. Inzuzi za Chari na Logone zisuka amazi mu Kiyaga cya Cade.<ref name="britannica" /> == Amateka == Mu 1946, Cade yabaye intara yo hanze y'igihugu cya Repubulika y'Ubufaransa. Mu Gushyingo 1958, yabaye repubulika yigenga mu muryango w'Abafaransa. Yabonye ubwigenge bwuzuye ku wa 11 Kanama 1960.<ref name="history">{{Cite web |title=Chad – History |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Chad/History |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |language=en |access-date=2026-11-03}}</ref> == Politiki == Perezida wa Cade ni Mahamat Idriss Déby Itno. Afatanya na Minisitiri w'Intebe Allamaye Halina. Inteko ishinga amategeko ifite imitwe ibiri.<ref name="facts" /> == Abaturage == Mu mwaka wa 2026, Cade yari ifite abaturage bagera kuri 20 024 000 (ikigereranyo). Indimi zemewe ni Icyarabu n'Igifaransa.<ref name="facts" /> Abaturage benshi batunzwe n'ubuhinzi.<ref name="britannica" /> == Ubukungu == Mu majyepfo bahinga ipamba. Hagati mu gihugu borora inka. Mu 2003, Cade yatangiye gucukura peteroli.<ref name="britannica" /> Ifaranga rikoreshwa ni Ifaranga rya CFA.<ref name="facts" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Chad|Amafoto ya Cade]] kuri Wikimedia Commons {{Afurika}} [[Ikiciro:Cade| ]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Ibihugu]] mrr2drsdtp0h1yl06nd5f4ri69gedor 0 3710 148797 81724 2026-11-03T15:58:28Z Score Beethoven 11559 148797 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox igihugu | common_name = Eritereya | conventional_long_name = Leta ya Eritereya | native_name = ሃገረ ኤርትራ<br />دولة إرتريا | image_flag = Flag of Eritrea.svg | image_coat = Emblem of Eritrea (or argent azur).svg | image_map = Eritrea (orthographic projection).svg | capital = [[Asmara]] | leader_title1 = Perezida | leader_name1 = [[Isaias Afwerki]] | sovereignty_type = Ubwigenge | established_event1 = Ku [[Etiyopiya]] | established_date1 = 24 Gicurasi 1993 | area_km2 = 121100 | population_estimate = 6 344 000 | population_estimate_year = 2024 | currency = Nakfa | iso3166code = omit }} '''Eritereya''' (izina ryemewe: Leta ya Eritereya; mu Gitigirinya: ኤርትራ; mu [[Icyarabu]]: إرتريا; mu [[Icyongereza]]: ''Eritrea'') ni igihugu cyo mu Ihembe rya Afurika. Kiri ku nkombe y'Inyanja Itukura. Umurwa mukuru ni [[Asmara]]. Eritereya yabaye ubukoloni bw'[[Ubutaliyani]]. Nyuma yaho, yomekwe kuri [[Etiyopiya]]. Yabonye ubwigenge mu 1993, nyuma y'intambara yamaze imyaka hafi 30. Perezida w'igihugu ni [[Isaias Afwerki]]. == Imiterere == [[File:Massawa Eritrea Old Palace.jpg|thumb|left|Ingoro ya kera i Massawa]] Eritereya ifite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 121 100. Ifite inkombe ya kilometero hafi 1 000 ku Nyanja Itukura. Iyo nkombe irimo ibirwa bya Dahlak.<ref name="summary">{{Cite web |title=Eritrea summary |url=https://www.britannica.com/summary/Eritrea |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |language=en |access-date=2026-11-03}}</ref> Eritereya ihana imbibi na [[Jibuti]] mu majyepfo y'iburasirazuba. Mu majyepfo, ihana imbibi na [[Etiyopiya]]. Iburengerazuba, ihana imbibi na [[Sudani]].<ref name="britannica">{{Cite web |title=Eritrea |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Eritrea |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |language=en |access-date=2026-11-03}}</ref> Hagati mu gihugu, hari imisozi miremire ifite ikirere gikonje. Ku nkombe, hari ibibaya by'ubutayu. Iburengerazuba, hari ibibaya by'ibyatsi.<ref name="summary" /> == Amateka == Mu bihe bya kera, ibyambu byo muri ako karere byari iby'ubwami bwa Aksum. Mu kinyejana cya 16, Abaturuki b'Abanyotomani batangiye kuhategeka.<ref name="summary" /> Mu 1890, Eritereya yabaye ubukoloni bw'[[Ubutaliyani]]. Mu 1941, ingabo z'[[Ubwongereza]] zarayifashe. Mu 1952, Eritereya yahujwe na [[Etiyopiya]] mu buryo bwa federasiyo. Mu 1962, yagizwe intara ya Etiyopiya.<ref name="summary" /> Nyuma yaho, habaye intambara y'ubwigenge yamaze imyaka hafi 30.<ref name="britannica" /> Muri Mata 1993, Abanyeritereya batoye ubwigenge muri referendumu. Abatoye "yego" bari 99,8%. Eritereya yabonye ubwigenge ku wa 24 Gicurasi 1993.<ref name="csm">{{Cite web |title=Eritrea's recent past |url=https://www.csmonitor.com/1994/1130/30112.html |website=The Christian Science Monitor |date=1994-11-30 |language=en |access-date=2026-11-03}}</ref> Kuva mu 1998 kugeza mu 2000, Eritereya yarwanye intambara na Etiyopiya bapfa imipaka.<ref name="summary" /> == Politiki == Isaias Afwerki ni Perezida kuva Eritereya ibonye ubwigenge mu 1993. Eritereya ntiyigeze ikora amatora y'igihugu kuva icyo gihe. Itegeko nshinga ryemejwe mu 1997, ariko ntiryigeze rishyirwa mu bikorwa.<ref name="fh">{{Cite web |title=Eritrea: Freedom in the World 2023 Country Report |url=https://freedomhouse.org/country/eritrea/freedom-world/2023 |website=Freedom House |language=en |access-date=2026-11-03}}</ref> Perezida ni we muyobozi w'igihugu kandi ni we uyobora guverinoma.<ref name="summary" /> == Abaturage == Mu 2024, abaturage ba Eritereya bagereranywaga na 6 344 000. Eritereya nta rurimi rwemewe ifite. Hafi kimwe cya kabiri cy'abaturage bavuga Igitigirinya. Havugwa kandi Icyarabu, Icyongereza n'Igitaliyani.<ref name="summary" /> == Ubukungu == Ubukungu bwa Eritereya bushingiye ku bworozi no ku buhinzi bwo kwitunga. I Asmara, hari inganda z'ibiribwa, imyenda n'impu.<ref name="summary" /> Ifaranga rikoreshwa ni Nakfa.<ref name="summary" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Eritrea|Amafoto ya Eritereya]] kuri Wikimedia Commons {{Afurika}} [[Ikiciro:Eritereya| ]] [[Ikiciro:Ihembe ry’Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Ibihugu]] 1fl28en4hiyp8ntc8ebp6l7kx443175 148798 148797 2026-11-03T16:00:32Z Score Beethoven 11559 148798 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox igihugu | common_name = Eritereya | conventional_long_name = Leta ya Eritereya | native_name = ሃገረ ኤርትራ | image_flag = Flag of Eritrea.svg | image_coat = Emblem of Eritrea (or argent azur).svg | image_map = Eritrea (Africa orthographic projection).svg | capital = [[Asmara]] | official_languages = Igitigirinya, Icyarabu, Icyongereza (indimi z'akazi) | leader_title1 = Perezida | leader_name1 = [[Isaias Afwerki]] | sovereignty_type = Ubwigenge | established_event1 = Kuri Etiyopiya | established_date1 = 24 Gicurasi 1993 | area_km2 = 121100 | population_estimate = 3 535 603 | population_estimate_year = 2024 | currency = Nakfa | currency_code = ERN | calling_code = +291 }} '''Eritereya''' (mu Gitigirinya: ኤርትራ; mu [[Icyarabu]]: إرتريا; mu [[Icyongereza]]: ''Eritrea'') ni igihugu cyo mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba bwa [[Afurika]]. Eritereya ihana imbibi na [[Sudani]], [[Etiyopiya]] na [[Jibuti]]. Eritereya ikora ku [[Inyanja itukura|Nyanja Itukura]]. Umurwa mukuru wayo ni [[Asmara]]. Eritereya yabaye ubukoloni bw'[[Ubutaliyani]]. Nyuma, yometswe kuri Etiyopiya. Eritereya yabonye ubwigenge mu 1993. Perezida wayo ni [[Isaias Afwerki]]. == Imiterere == [[File:Massawa Eritrea Old Palace.jpg|thumb|left|Ingoro ya kera i Massawa]] Eritereya ifite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 121 100.<ref name="facts">{{Cite web |title=Eritrea – Facts |url=https://www.britannica.com/facts/Eritrea |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |language=en |access-date=2026-11-03}}</ref> Mu burengerazuba, Eritereya ihana imbibi na Sudani. Mu majyepfo, ihana imbibi na Etiyopiya. Mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba, ihana imbibi na Jibuti.<ref name="britannica">{{Cite web |title=Eritrea |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Eritrea |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |language=en |access-date=2026-11-03}}</ref> Inkombe ya Eritereya ku Nyanja Itukura ifite uburebure bwa kilometero zigera ku 1 000. Ibirwa bya Dahlak biri mu Nyanja Itukura. Ni ibirwa bito birenga 100.<ref name="britannica" /> Umusozi muremure wa Eritereya ni Soira. Ufite metero 3 013.<ref name="britannica" /> == Amateka == Ku wa 1 Mutarama 1890, umwami w'Ubutaliyani yashyizeho ubukoloni bwa Eritereya. Mu 1941, Abongereza batsinze Abataliyani. Kuva mu 1941 kugeza mu 1952, Eritereya yategekwaga n'[[Ubwongereza]].<ref name="upenn">{{Cite web |title=Eritrea |url=https://www.africa.upenn.edu/Country_Specific/erit_outline.html |website=African Studies Center, University of Pennsylvania |language=en |access-date=2026-11-03}}</ref> Mu 1952, Eritereya yahujwe na Etiyopiya muri leta ihuriweho. Iki cyemezo cyari cyafashwe n'Umuryango w'Abibumbye mu 1950. Mu 1962, umwami w'abami Haile Selassie yasheshe inteko ishinga amategeko ya Eritereya. Yometse Eritereya kuri Etiyopiya.<ref name="upenn" /> Intambara yo guharanira ubwigenge yamaze imyaka myinshi. Muri Gicurasi 1991, Eritereya yose yabohowe. Muri Mata 1993, habaye kamarampaka. Abatoye 99,8% bemeje ubwigenge. Eritereya yizihiza umunsi w'ubwigenge ku wa 24 Gicurasi.<ref name="upenn" /> == Politiki n'ubukungu == Perezida wa Eritereya ni Isaias Afwerki.<ref name="facts" /> Umurwa mukuru ni Asmara.<ref name="britannica" /> Ifaranga rya Eritereya ni Nakfa.<ref name="facts" /> == Abaturage == Mu mwaka wa 2024, Eritereya yari ifite abaturage bagera kuri 3 535 603.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Population, total – Eritrea |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL?locations=ER |website=World Bank |language=en |access-date=2026-11-03}}</ref> Abatigirinya bagize hafi kimwe cya kabiri cy'abaturage. Abatigre bagize hafi kimwe cya gatatu. Hari n'andi moko, nk'Abafari, Abasaho, Ababilen n'Abakunama.<ref name="britannica" /> Eritereya nta rurimi rwemewe ku mugaragaro ifite. Ubutegetsi bukoresha Igitigirinya, Icyarabu n'Icyongereza. Eritereya nta dini rya Leta ifite.<ref name="facts" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Eritrea|Amafoto ya Eritereya]] kuri Wikimedia Commons {{Afurika}} [[Ikiciro:Eritereya| ]] [[Ikiciro:Ihembe ry’Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Ibihugu]] jhiguyly0zh1nkxnr22s3i9erpbqgq4 148803 148798 2026-11-03T16:23:52Z Score Beethoven 11559 148803 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox igihugu | common_name = Eritereya | conventional_long_name = Leta ya Eritereya | native_name = ሃገረ ኤርትራ<br />دولة إرتريا | image_flag = Flag of Eritrea.svg | image_coat = Emblem of Eritrea (or argent azur).svg | image_map = Eritrea (orthographic projection).svg | capital = [[Asmara]] | leader_title1 = Perezida | leader_name1 = [[Isaias Afwerki]] | sovereignty_type = Ubwigenge | established_event1 = Ku [[Etiyopiya]] | established_date1 = 24 Gicurasi 1993 | area_km2 = 121100 | population_estimate = 6 344 000 | population_estimate_year = 2024 | currency = Nakfa | iso3166code = omit }} '''Eritereya''' (izina ryemewe: Leta ya Eritereya; mu Gitigirinya: ኤርትራ; mu [[Icyarabu]]: إرتريا; mu [[Icyongereza]]: ''Eritrea'') ni igihugu cyo mu Ihembe rya Afurika. Kiri ku nkombe y'Inyanja Itukura. Umurwa mukuru ni [[Asmara]]. Eritereya yabaye ubukoloni bw'[[Ubutaliyani]]. Nyuma yaho, yomekwe kuri [[Etiyopiya]]. Yabonye ubwigenge mu 1993, nyuma y'intambara yamaze imyaka hafi 30. Perezida w'igihugu ni [[Isaias Afwerki]]. == Imiterere == [[File:Massawa Eritrea Old Palace.jpg|thumb|left|Ingoro ya kera i Massawa]] Eritereya ifite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 121 100. Ifite inkombe ya kilometero hafi 1 000 ku Nyanja Itukura. Iyo nkombe irimo ibirwa bya Dahlak.<ref name="summary">{{Cite web |title=Eritrea summary |url=https://www.britannica.com/summary/Eritrea |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |language=en |access-date=2026-11-03}}</ref> Eritereya ihana imbibi na [[Jibuti]] mu majyepfo y'iburasirazuba. Mu majyepfo, ihana imbibi na [[Etiyopiya]]. Iburengerazuba, ihana imbibi na [[Sudani]].<ref name="britannica">{{Cite web |title=Eritrea |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Eritrea |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |language=en |access-date=2026-11-03}}</ref> Hagati mu gihugu, hari imisozi miremire ifite ikirere gikonje. Ku nkombe, hari ibibaya by'ubutayu. Iburengerazuba, hari ibibaya by'ibyatsi.<ref name="summary" /> == Amateka == Mu bihe bya kera, ibyambu byo muri ako karere byari iby'ubwami bwa Aksum. Mu kinyejana cya 16, Abaturuki b'Abanyotomani batangiye kuhategeka.<ref name="summary" /> Mu 1890, Eritereya yabaye ubukoloni bw'[[Ubutaliyani]]. Mu 1941, ingabo z'[[Ubwongereza]] zarayifashe. Mu 1952, Eritereya yahujwe na [[Etiyopiya]] mu buryo bwa federasiyo. Mu 1962, yagizwe intara ya Etiyopiya.<ref name="summary" /> Nyuma yaho, habaye intambara y'ubwigenge yamaze imyaka hafi 30.<ref name="britannica" /> Muri Mata 1993, Abanyeritereya batoye ubwigenge muri referendumu. Abatoye "yego" bari 99,8%. Eritereya yabonye ubwigenge ku wa 24 Gicurasi 1993.<ref name="csm">{{Cite web |title=Eritrea's recent past |url=https://www.csmonitor.com/1994/1130/30112.html |website=The Christian Science Monitor |date=1994-11-30 |language=en |access-date=2026-11-03}}</ref> Kuva mu 1998 kugeza mu 2000, Eritereya yarwanye intambara na Etiyopiya bapfa imipaka.<ref name="summary" /> == Politiki == Isaias Afwerki ni Perezida kuva Eritereya ibonye ubwigenge mu 1993. Eritereya ntiyigeze ikora amatora y'igihugu kuva icyo gihe. Itegeko nshinga ryemejwe mu 1997, ariko ntiryigeze rishyirwa mu bikorwa.<ref name="fh">{{Cite web |title=Eritrea: Freedom in the World 2023 Country Report |url=https://freedomhouse.org/country/eritrea/freedom-world/2023 |website=Freedom House |language=en |access-date=2026-11-03}}</ref> Perezida ni we muyobozi w'igihugu kandi ni we uyobora guverinoma.<ref name="summary" /> == Abaturage == Mu 2024, abaturage ba Eritereya bagereranywaga na 6 344 000. Eritereya nta rurimi rwemewe ifite. Hafi kimwe cya kabiri cy'abaturage bavuga Igitigirinya. Havugwa kandi Icyarabu, Icyongereza n'Igitaliyani.<ref name="summary" /> == Ubukungu == Ubukungu bwa Eritereya bushingiye ku bworozi no ku buhinzi bwo kwitunga. I Asmara, hari inganda z'ibiribwa, imyenda n'impu.<ref name="summary" /> Ifaranga rikoreshwa ni Nakfa.<ref name="summary" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Eritrea|Amafoto ya Eritereya]] kuri Wikimedia Commons {{Afurika}} [[Ikiciro:Eritereya| ]] [[Ikiciro:Ihembe ry’Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Ibihugu]] 1fl28en4hiyp8ntc8ebp6l7kx443175 0 3711 148799 109976 2026-11-03T16:08:01Z Score Beethoven 11559 148799 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox igihugu | common_name = Etiyopiya | conventional_long_name = Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Federasiyo ya Etiyopiya | native_name = ኢትዮጵያ | image_flag = Flag of Ethiopia.svg | image_coat = Emblem of Ethiopia.svg | image_map = Ethiopia (Africa orthographic projection).svg | capital = [[Addis Ababa]] | official_languages = Icyamuhariki (ururimi rw'akazi) | leader_title1 = Perezida | leader_name1 = [[Taye Atske Selassie]] | leader_title2 = Minisitiri w'Intebe | leader_name2 = Abiy Ahmed | area_km2 = 1120000 | population_estimate = 132 059 767 | population_estimate_year = 2024 | currency = Birr | currency_code = ETB | calling_code = +251 }} '''Etiyopiya''' (mu Cyamuhariki: ኢትዮጵያ) ni igihugu cyo mu burasirazuba bwa [[Afurika]]. Etiyopiya ntikora ku nyanja. Ihana imbibi na [[Eritereya]], [[Jibuti]], [[Somaliya]], [[Kenya]], Sudani y'Epfo na [[Sudani]]. Umurwa mukuru wayo ni [[Addis Ababa]]. Mu 1896, Etiyopiya yatsinze ingabo z'[[Ubutaliyani]] i Adwa. Perezida wa Etiyopiya ni [[Taye Atske Selassie]]. Minisitiri w'Intebe ni Abiy Ahmed. == Imiterere == [[File:Addis Ababa (16314616596).jpg|thumb|left|Umujyi wa Addis Ababa]] Etiyopiya ifite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 1 120 000.<ref name="facts">{{Cite web |title=Ethiopia – Facts |url=https://www.britannica.com/facts/Ethiopia |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |language=en |access-date=2026-11-03}}</ref> Mu majyaruguru, Etiyopiya ihana imbibi na Eritereya. Mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba, ihana imbibi na Jibuti. Mu burasirazuba, ihana imbibi na Somaliya. Mu majyepfo, ihana imbibi na Kenya. Mu burengerazuba, ihana imbibi na Sudani y'Epfo. Mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba, ihana imbibi na Sudani.<ref name="worldatlas">{{Cite web |title=Ethiopia Maps & Facts |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/maps/ethiopia |website=WorldAtlas |language=en |access-date=2026-11-03}}</ref> Umusozi muremure wa Etiyopiya ni Ras Dashen. Ufite metero 4 533. Ikiyaga kinini ni Ikiyaga cya Tana. Igice cyo hasi cyane kiri mu kibaya cya Afar. Kiri kuri metero 125 munsi y'urwego rw'inyanja.<ref name="worldatlas" /> == Amateka == Ku wa 1 Werurwe 1896, ingabo za Etiyopiya zatsinze ingabo z'Ubutaliyani mu ntambara ya Adwa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Italo-Ethiopian Wars |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Italo-Ethiopian_Wars/ |website=World History Encyclopedia |language=en |access-date=2026-11-03}}</ref> Mu 1935, Ubutaliyani bwateye Etiyopiya. Mu 1941, Abanyetiyopiya n'Abongereza birukanye Abataliyani. Umwami w'abami Haile Selassie yagarutse mu gihugu.<ref name="csm">{{Cite web |title=Ethiopia: a chronology |url=https://www.csmonitor.com/1991/0523/23042.html |website=The Christian Science Monitor |date=1991-05-23 |language=en |access-date=2026-11-03}}</ref> Mu 1974, Haile Selassie yakuwe ku butegetsi. Mengistu Haile Mariam yafashe ubutegetsi buhoro buhoro. Ku wa 21 Gicurasi 1991, Mengistu yeguye arahunga.<ref name="csm" /> == Politiki == Ku wa 7 Ukwakira 2024, Taye Atske Selassie yarahiriye kuba Perezida wa Etiyopiya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ethiopia: Ambassador Taye Sworn in As President |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/202410080057.html |website=AllAfrica |date=2024-10-08 |language=en |access-date=2026-11-03}}</ref> Ku wa 5 Ukwakira 2026, Abiy Ahmed yarahiriye manda ya kabiri nka Minisitiri w'Intebe.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ethiopia's Abiy Sworn In for Second Term, Vows to Protect National Interests |url=https://www.dawan.africa/news/ethiopias-abiy-sworn-in-for-second-term-vows-to-protect-national-interests |website=Dawan Africa |date=2026-10-05 |language=en |access-date=2026-11-03}}</ref> == Abaturage == Mu mwaka wa 2024, Etiyopiya yari ifite abaturage bagera kuri 132 059 767.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Population, total – Ethiopia |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL?locations=ET |website=World Bank |language=en |access-date=2026-11-03}}</ref> Nta rurimi rwemewe ku mugaragaro. Icyamuhariki ni ururimi rw'akazi.<ref name="facts" /> == Ubukungu == Ifaranga rya Etiyopiya ni Birr.<ref name="facts" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Ethiopia|Amafoto ya Etiyopiya]] kuri Wikimedia Commons {{Afurika}} [[Ikiciro:Etiyopiya| ]] [[Ikiciro:Ihembe ry’Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Ibihugu]] d2l475aiiypmbdwe0xyfdleaz2obqz7 0 3714 148800 115081 2026-11-03T16:12:58Z Score Beethoven 11559 148800 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox igihugu | common_name = Gabon | conventional_long_name = Repubulika ya Gabon | native_name = République gabonaise | image_flag = Flag of Gabon.svg | image_coat = Coat of arms of Gabon.svg | image_map = Gabon (orthographic projection).svg | capital = Libreville | official_languages = Igifaransa | leader_title1 = Perezida | leader_name1 = [[Brice Clotaire Oligui Nguema]] | sovereignty_type = Ubwigenge | established_event1 = Ku Bufaransa | established_date1 = 17 Kanama 1960 | area_km2 = 267667 | population_estimate = 2 538 952 | population_estimate_year = 2024 | currency = Ifaranga CFA | currency_code = XAF | calling_code = +241 | iso3166code = omit }} '''Gabon''' cyangwa '''Gabo''' (mu [[Igifaransa]]: ''Gabon'') ni igihugu cyo muri [[Afurika]] yo Hagati. Gabon ikora ku Nyanja ya Atalantika. Umurongo wa Ekwateri unyura muri Gabon. Umurwa mukuru wayo ni Libreville. Gabon yahoze ari ubukoloni bw'[[Ubufaransa]]. Ibice bitatu bya kane by'igihugu biriho amashyamba manini. Perezida wa Gabon ni [[Brice Clotaire Oligui Nguema]]. == Imiterere == [[File:Éléphant du Gabon.jpg|thumb|left|Inzovu yo mu ishyamba rya Gabon]] Gabon ifite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 267 667.<ref name="facts">{{Cite web |title=Gabon – Facts |url=https://www.britannica.com/facts/Gabon |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |language=en |access-date=2026-11-03}}</ref> Mu majyaruguru, Gabon ihana imbibi na [[Kameruni]]. Mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba, ihana imbibi na [[Gineya Ekwatoriyale]]. Mu burasirazuba no mu majyepfo, ihana imbibi na Repubulika ya [[Kongo]]. Mu burengerazuba, Gabon ikora ku Nyanja ya Atalantika.<ref name="worldatlas">{{Cite web |title=Gabon Maps & Facts |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/maps/gabon |website=WorldAtlas |language=en |access-date=2026-11-03}}</ref> Umurongo wa Ekwateri unyura muri Gabon. Uruzi runini kandi rurerure ni Ogooué. Umusozi muremure ni Iboundji. Ufite metero 1 575.<ref name="worldatlas" /> Hafi bitatu bya kane by'ubutaka bwa Gabon biriho ishyamba ry'inzitane.<ref name="britannica">{{Cite web |title=Gabon |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Gabon |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |language=en |access-date=2026-11-03}}</ref> == Amateka == Gabon yahoze ari ubukoloni bw'Ubufaransa. Gabon iracyafitanye umubano ukomeye n'Ubufaransa.<ref name="britannica" /> Umuryango wa Bongo wayoboye Gabon imyaka 55. Muri Kanama 2023, Brice Clotaire Oligui Nguema yakuye ku butegetsi Perezida Ali Bongo.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gabon to swear in ex-junta chief Oligui as president |url=https://www.ewn.co.za/2025/05/03/gabon-to-swear-in-ex-junta-chief-oligui-as-president |website=Eyewitness News |date=2025-05-03 |language=en |access-date=2026-11-03}}</ref> == Politiki == Ku wa 12 Mata 2025, Brice Clotaire Oligui Nguema yatsinze amatora ya perezida. Yabonye amajwi 94,85%. Yarahiriye kuyobora Gabon ku wa 3 Gicurasi 2025.<ref name="a24">{{Cite web |title=Gabon : the Constitutional Court confirms the election of Brice Clotaire Oligui Nguema to the presidency |url=https://africa24tv.com/gabon-the-constitutional-court-confirms-the-election-of-brice-clotaire-oligui-nguema-to-the-presidency/ |website=Africa24 TV |date=2025-04-25 |language=en |access-date=2026-11-03}}</ref> == Abaturage == Mu mwaka wa 2024, Gabon yari ifite abaturage bagera kuri 2 538 952.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Population, total – Gabon |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL?locations=GA |website=World Bank |language=en |access-date=2026-11-03}}</ref> Gabon ifite amoko agera kuri 40. Menshi muri yo avuga indimi z'Abantu. Abafang bagize abarenga kimwe cya kane cy'abaturage. Batuye mu majyaruguru y'uruzi Ogooué.<ref name="britannica" /> Ururimi rwemewe ni [[Igifaransa]].<ref name="facts" /> == Ubukungu == Ifaranga rya Gabon ni ifaranga CFA.<ref name="facts" /> Umujyi wa Port-Gentil ni ihuriro ry'inganda za peteroli n'ibiti.<ref name="britannica" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Gabon|Amafoto ya Gabon]] kuri Wikimedia Commons {{Afurika}} [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Ibihugu]] 14gqy28ebgztbzfkx42hpi9fhw24hcs 148801 148800 2026-11-03T16:18:50Z Score Beethoven 11559 148801 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox igihugu | common_name = Gabon | conventional_long_name = Repubulika ya Gabon | native_name = République gabonaise | image_flag = Flag of Gabon.svg | image_coat = Coat of arms of Gabon.svg | image_map = Gabon (orthographic projection).svg | capital = Libreville | official_languages = Igifaransa | leader_title1 = Perezida | leader_name1 = [[Brice Clotaire Oligui Nguema]] | sovereignty_type = Ubwigenge | established_event1 = Ku Bufaransa | established_date1 = 17 Kanama 1960 | area_km2 = 267667 | population_estimate = 2 538 952 | population_estimate_year = 2024 | currency = Ifaranga CFA | currency_code = XAF | calling_code = +241 | iso3166code = omit }} '''Gabon''' cyangwa '''Gabo''' (mu [[Igifaransa]]: ''Gabon'') ni igihugu cyo muri [[Afurika]] yo Hagati. Gabon ikora ku Nyanja ya Atalantika. Umurongo wa Ekwateri unyura muri Gabon. Umurwa mukuru wayo ni Libreville. Gabon yahoze ari ubukoloni bw'[[Ubufaransa]]. Ibice bitatu bya kane by'igihugu biriho amashyamba manini. Perezida wa Gabon ni [[Brice Clotaire Oligui Nguema]]. == Imiterere == [[File:Le Gabon.jpg|thumb|left|Imikindo isize amabara y'ibendera rya Gabon i Libreville]] Gabon ifite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 267 667.<ref name="facts">{{Cite web |title=Gabon – Facts |url=https://www.britannica.com/facts/Gabon |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |language=en |access-date=2026-11-03}}</ref> Mu majyaruguru, Gabon ihana imbibi na [[Kameruni]]. Mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba, ihana imbibi na [[Gineya Ekwatoriyale]]. Mu burasirazuba no mu majyepfo, ihana imbibi na Repubulika ya [[Kongo]]. Mu burengerazuba, Gabon ikora ku Nyanja ya Atalantika.<ref name="worldatlas">{{Cite web |title=Gabon Maps & Facts |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/maps/gabon |website=WorldAtlas |language=en |access-date=2026-11-03}}</ref> Umurongo wa Ekwateri unyura muri Gabon. Uruzi runini kandi rurerure ni Ogooué. Umusozi muremure ni Iboundji. Ufite metero 1 575.<ref name="worldatlas" /> Hafi bitatu bya kane by'ubutaka bwa Gabon biriho ishyamba ry'inzitane.<ref name="britannica">{{Cite web |title=Gabon |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Gabon |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |language=en |access-date=2026-11-03}}</ref> == Amateka == Gabon yahoze ari ubukoloni bw'Ubufaransa. Gabon iracyafitanye umubano ukomeye n'Ubufaransa.<ref name="britannica" /> Umuryango wa Bongo wayoboye Gabon imyaka 55. Muri Kanama 2023, Brice Clotaire Oligui Nguema yakuye ku butegetsi Perezida Ali Bongo.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gabon to swear in ex-junta chief Oligui as president |url=https://www.ewn.co.za/2025/05/03/gabon-to-swear-in-ex-junta-chief-oligui-as-president |website=Eyewitness News |date=2025-05-03 |language=en |access-date=2026-11-03}}</ref> == Politiki == Ku wa 12 Mata 2025, Brice Clotaire Oligui Nguema yatsinze amatora ya perezida. Yabonye amajwi 94,85%. Yarahiriye kuyobora Gabon ku wa 3 Gicurasi 2025.<ref name="a24">{{Cite web |title=Gabon : the Constitutional Court confirms the election of Brice Clotaire Oligui Nguema to the presidency |url=https://africa24tv.com/gabon-the-constitutional-court-confirms-the-election-of-brice-clotaire-oligui-nguema-to-the-presidency/ |website=Africa24 TV |date=2025-04-25 |language=en |access-date=2026-11-03}}</ref> == Abaturage == Mu mwaka wa 2024, Gabon yari ifite abaturage bagera kuri 2 538 952.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Population, total – Gabon |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL?locations=GA |website=World Bank |language=en |access-date=2026-11-03}}</ref> Gabon ifite amoko agera kuri 40. Menshi muri yo avuga indimi z'Abantu. Abafang bagize abarenga kimwe cya kane cy'abaturage. Batuye mu majyaruguru y'uruzi Ogooué.<ref name="britannica" /> Ururimi rwemewe ni [[Igifaransa]].<ref name="facts" /> == Ubukungu == Ifaranga rya Gabon ni ifaranga CFA.<ref name="facts" /> Umujyi wa Port-Gentil ni ihuriro ry'inganda za peteroli n'ibiti.<ref name="britannica" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Gabon|Amafoto ya Gabon]] kuri Wikimedia Commons {{Afurika}} [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Ibihugu]] 856j0hy0ledl4s2ud67u6om2e7em8qv 0 3715 148802 81750 2026-11-03T16:21:29Z Score Beethoven 11559 148802 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox igihugu | common_name = Gambiya | conventional_long_name = Repubulika ya Gambiya | native_name = Republic of The Gambia | image_flag = Flag of The Gambia.svg | image_coat = Coat of arms of The Gambia.svg | image_map = Gambia (orthographic projection with inset).svg | capital = [[Banjul]] | official_languages = Icyongereza | leader_title1 = Perezida | leader_name1 = [[Adama Barrow]] | sovereignty_type = Ubwigenge | established_event1 = Ku Bwongereza | established_date1 = 18 Gashyantare 1965 | area_km2 = 10689 | population_estimate = 2 759 988 | population_estimate_year = 2024 | currency = Dalasi | currency_code = GMD | calling_code = +220 | iso3166code = omit }} '''Gambiya''' (mu [[Icyongereza]]: ''The Gambia'') ni igihugu cyo mu burengerazuba bwa [[Afurika]]. Ni cyo gihugu gito kurusha ibindi ku mugabane wa Afurika. Gambiya ikikijwe na [[Senegali]], uretse ku nkombe y'Inyanja ya Atalantika. Umurwa mukuru wayo ni [[Banjul]]. Gambiya yabonye ubwigenge mu 1965. Mbere, yategekwaga n'[[Ubwongereza]]. Perezida wayo ni [[Adama Barrow]]. == Imiterere == [[File:Banjul-uitzicht.jpg|thumb|left|Umujyi wa Banjul]] Gambiya ifite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 10 689.<ref name="facts">{{Cite web |title=The Gambia – Facts |url=https://www.britannica.com/facts/The-Gambia |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |language=en |access-date=2026-11-03}}</ref> Gambiya ni nk'umukandara muremure kandi muto. Ubugari bwayo ntiburenga kilometero 48. Gambiya ikikijwe na Senegali. Mu burengerazuba, ikora ku Nyanja ya Atalantika.<ref name="worldatlas">{{Cite web |title=The Gambia Maps & Facts |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/maps/gambia |website=WorldAtlas |language=en |access-date=2026-11-03}}</ref> Uruzi rwa Gambiya rufite uburebure bwa kilometero 1 130. Rutangirira muri [[Gineya]]. Rwisuka mu Nyanja ya Atalantika i Banjul. Ahantu harehare cyane ni agasozi kari mu burasirazuba. Gafite metero 53 gusa.<ref name="worldatlas" /> == Amateka == Ku wa 18 Gashyantare 1965, Gambiya yabonye ubwigenge ku Bwongereza. Dawda Jawara yayoboye igihugu kuva icyo gihe. Ku wa 23 Nyakanga 1994, Yahya Jammeh yamukuye ku butegetsi akoresheje igisirikare.<ref name="graphic">{{Cite web |title=President Jammeh’s surprise defeat - What comes next? |url=https://graphiconline.com/features/opinion/president-jammeh-s-surprise-defeat-what-comes-next.html |website=Graphic Online |language=en |access-date=2026-11-03}}</ref> Ku wa 1 Ukuboza 2016, Adama Barrow yatsinze Yahya Jammeh mu matora ya perezida. Barrow yari ashyigikiwe n'amashyaka arindwi.<ref name="graphic" /> == Politiki == Perezida wa Gambiya ni Adama Barrow.<ref name="facts" /> Amatora ya perezida ateganyijwe ku wa 5 Ukuboza 2026. Barrow arashaka manda ya gatatu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gambie : Des défis pour sortir de l’emprise autocritique |url=https://africacenter.org/fr/spotlight/fr-elections-2026/gambia/ |website=Africa Center for Strategic Studies |language=fr |access-date=2026-11-03}}</ref> == Abaturage == Mu mwaka wa 2024, Gambiya yari ifite abaturage bagera kuri 2 759 988.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Population, total – Gambia, The |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL?locations=GM |website=World Bank |language=en |access-date=2026-11-03}}</ref> Ururimi rwemewe ni Icyongereza.<ref name="facts" /> == Ubukungu == Ifaranga rya Gambiya ni Dalasi.<ref name="facts" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:The Gambia|Amafoto ya Gambiya]] kuri Wikimedia Commons {{Afurika}} [[Ikiciro:Gambiya| ]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Ibihugu]] 8goi8oghcp3yn1emkqbx8eszquiq1x9 0 3716 148807 81751 2026-11-03T16:38:00Z Score Beethoven 11559 148807 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox igihugu | common_name = Gana | conventional_long_name = Repubulika ya Gana | native_name = Republic of Ghana | image_flag = Flag of Ghana.svg | image_coat = Coat of arms of Ghana.svg | image_map = Ghana (orthographic projection).svg | capital = [[Accra]] | official_languages = Icyongereza | leader_title1 = Perezida | leader_name1 = [[John Dramani Mahama]] | leader_title2 = Visi Perezida | leader_name2 = Jane Naana Opoku-Agyemang | sovereignty_type = Ubwigenge | established_event1 = Ku Bwongereza | established_date1 = 6 Werurwe 1957 | area_km2 = 238533 | population_estimate = 34 427 414 | population_estimate_year = 2024 | currency = Cedi | currency_code = GHS | calling_code = +233 | iso3166code = omit }} '''Gana''' (mu [[Icyongereza]]: ''Ghana'') ni igihugu cyo mu burengerazuba bwa [[Afurika]]. Gana ikora ku Kigobe cya Gineya. Ihana imbibi na [[Kote Divuwari]], [[Burukina Faso]] na [[Togo]]. Umurwa mukuru wayo ni [[Accra]]. Mbere, Gana yitwaga Gold Coast. Yari ubukoloni bw'[[Ubwongereza]]. Gana yabonye ubwigenge mu 1957. Perezida wayo ni [[John Dramani Mahama]]. == Imiterere == [[File:Accra General Post Office.jpg|thumb|left|Iposita nkuru ya Accra]] Gana ifite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 238 533.<ref name="facts">{{Cite web |title=Ghana – Facts |url=https://www.britannica.com/facts/Ghana |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |language=en |access-date=2026-11-03}}</ref> Mu burengerazuba, Gana ihana imbibi na Kote Divuwari. Mu majyaruguru, ihana imbibi na Burukina Faso. Mu burasirazuba, ihana imbibi na Togo. Mu majyepfo, Gana ifite inkombe ya kilometero 537 ku Kigobe cya Gineya.<ref name="worldatlas">{{Cite web |title=Ghana Maps & Facts |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/maps/ghana |website=WorldAtlas |language=en |access-date=2026-11-03}}</ref> Ikiyaga cya Volta cyakozwe n'abantu. Cyaturutse ku rugomero rwa Akosombo. Gifite ubuso bwa kilometero kare zigera ku 8 500.<ref name="britannica">{{Cite web |title=Ghana |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Ghana |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |language=en |access-date=2026-11-03}}</ref> Umusozi muremure ni Afadjato. Ufite metero 885. Gana igabanyijemo intara 16.<ref name="worldatlas" /> == Amateka == Mbere y'ubwigenge, Gana yari ubukoloni bw'Abongereza bwitwaga Gold Coast. Ku wa 6 Werurwe 1957, Gana yabonye ubwigenge. Kwame Nkrumah ni we wayoboye urugamba rwo kubuharanira. Gana ni cyo gihugu cya mbere cy'Abirabura cyo munsi y'Ubutayu bwa Sahara cyabonye ubwigenge.<ref name="britannica" /> == Politiki == Ku wa 7 Mutarama 2025, John Dramani Mahama yarahiriye kuba Perezida wa Gana. Jane Naana Opoku-Agyemang yarahiriye kuba Visi Perezida. Ni we mugore wa mbere wabaye Visi Perezida wa Gana.<ref>{{Cite web |title=John Mahama inaugurated as Ghana’s sixth President |url=https://univers.ug.edu.gh/?p=25607 |website=UniversNews, University of Ghana |date=2025-01-07 |language=en |access-date=2026-11-03}}</ref> Ibirori byabereye kuri Black Star Square i Accra.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mahama is now Ghana’s President |url=https://citinewsroom.com/2025/01/mahama-is-now-ghanas-president/ |website=Citi Newsroom |date=2025-01-07 |language=en |access-date=2026-11-03}}</ref> == Abaturage == Mu mwaka wa 2024, Gana yari ifite abaturage bagera kuri 34 427 414.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Population, total – Ghana |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL?locations=GH |website=World Bank |language=en |access-date=2026-11-03}}</ref> Abakan ni bo bwoko bunini. Andi moko akomeye ni Abamole-Dagbani, Abayewe, Abaga-Adangme n'Abagurma.<ref name="britannica" /> Ururimi rwemewe ni Icyongereza.<ref name="facts" /> == Ubukungu == Ifaranga rya Gana ni Cedi.<ref name="facts" /> Kakao ni kimwe mu bicuruzwa by'ingenzi Gana yohereza mu mahanga. Zahabu ni yo yahaye Gold Coast izina ryayo.<ref name="britannica" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Ghana|Amafoto ya Gana]] kuri Wikimedia Commons {{Afurika}} [[Ikiciro:Gana| ]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Ibihugu]] cbzf4p95yuh24trm76phj7g139mljwr 0 3737 148805 81776 2026-11-03T16:33:37Z Score Beethoven 11559 148805 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox igihugu | common_name = Gineya | conventional_long_name = Repubulika ya Gineya | native_name = République de Guinée | image_flag = Flag of Guinea.svg | image_coat = Coat of arms of Guinea.svg | image_map = Guinea (orthographic projection).svg | capital = Conakry | official_languages = Igifaransa | leader_title1 = Perezida | leader_name1 = [[Mamadi Doumbouya]] | leader_title2 = Minisitiri w'Intebe | leader_name2 = Amadou Oury Bah | sovereignty_type = Ubwigenge | established_event1 = Ku Bufaransa | established_date1 = 1958 | area_km2 = 245857 | population_estimate = 14 754 785 | population_estimate_year = 2024 | currency = Ifaranga rya Gineya | currency_code = GNF | calling_code = +224 | iso3166code = omit }} '''Gineya''' (mu [[Igifaransa]]: ''Guinée'') ni igihugu cyo mu burengerazuba bwa [[Afurika]]. Gineya ikora ku Nyanja ya Atalantika. Umurwa mukuru wayo ni Conakry. Gineya yabonye ubwigenge mu 1958. Mbere, yategekwaga n'[[Ubufaransa]]. Perezida wayo ni [[Mamadi Doumbouya]]. == Imiterere == [[File:Conakry city,Guinea.jpg|thumb|left|Umujyi wa Conakry]] Gineya ifite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 245 857.<ref name="facts">{{Cite web |title=Guinea – Facts |url=https://www.britannica.com/facts/Guinea |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |language=en |access-date=2026-11-03}}</ref> Gineya ihana imbibi na Gineya-Bisawu, [[Senegali]], [[Mali]], [[Kote Divuwari]], [[Liberiya]] na [[Siyera Lewone]].<ref name="britannica">{{Cite web |title=Guinea |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Guinea |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |language=en |access-date=2026-11-03}}</ref> Inzuzi eshatu nini zitangirira muri Gineya. Ni uruzi rwa Nijeri, uruzi rwa Senegali n'uruzi rwa Gambiya.<ref name="britannica" /> Imisozi ya Nimba iri ku mupaka wa Gineya na Liberiya.<ref name="britannica" /> == Amateka == Mbere y'ubwigenge, Gineya yitwaga Gineya y'Abafaransa. Yari igice cy'Afurika y'Iburengerazuba y'Abafaransa. Gineya yabonye ubwigenge mu 1958.<ref name="britannica" /> Muri Nzeri 2021, Mamadi Doumbouya yakuye ku butegetsi Perezida Alpha Condé. Ku wa 28 Ukuboza 2025, Doumbouya yatsinze amatora ya perezida. Yabonye amajwi 86,72%.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Doumbouya Pledges Integrity as Guinea President |url=https://newscentraltv.com/?p=379675 |website=News Central |language=en |access-date=2026-11-03}}</ref> Yarahiriye kuyobora Gineya muri Mutarama 2026.<ref name="africanews">{{Cite web |title=Guinea's junta leader Mamadi Doumbouya sworn in as president |url=https://www.africanews.com/2026/01/18/guineas-junta-leader-mamadi-doumbouya-sworn-in-as-president/ |website=Africanews |date=2026-01-18 |language=en |access-date=2026-11-03}}</ref> == Politiki == Perezida wa Gineya ni Mamadi Doumbouya. Manda ye ni imyaka irindwi.<ref name="africanews" /> Muri Mutarama 2026, Doumbouya yagumishije Amadou Oury Bah ku mwanya wa Minisitiri w'Intebe.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Guinée: le président Doumbouya confirme Amadou Oury Bah au poste de Premier ministre |url=https://afrique.le360.ma/politique/guinee-le-president-doumbouya-confirme-amadou-oury-bah-au-poste-de-premier-ministre_R72AP3S2JZHQJKJETSBBEPZNMY/ |website=Le360 Afrique |language=fr |access-date=2026-11-03}}</ref> == Abaturage n'ubukungu == Mu mwaka wa 2024, Gineya yari ifite abaturage bagera kuri 14 754 785.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Population, total – Guinea |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL?locations=GN |website=World Bank |language=en |access-date=2026-11-03}}</ref> Ururimi rwemewe ni Igifaransa. Ifaranga ni ifaranga rya Gineya.<ref name="facts" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Guinea|Amafoto ya Gineya]] kuri Wikimedia Commons {{Afurika}} [[Ikiciro:Gineya| ]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Ibihugu]] oddln82wj83zzn1oyb23l1k0tidc95m 0 3751 148746 107332 2026-11-03T14:44:50Z Score Beethoven 11559 148746 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox igihugu | common_name = Zimbabwe | conventional_long_name = Repubulika ya Zimbabwe | native_name = Republic of Zimbabwe | image_flag = Flag of Zimbabwe.svg | image_coat = Coat of arms of Zimbabwe.svg | image_map = Zimbabwe (orthographic projection).svg | capital = Harare | official_languages = Indimi 16 | leader_title1 = Perezida | leader_name1 = [[Emmerson Mnangagwa]] | sovereignty_type = Ubwigenge | established_event1 = Ubwigenge bwemewe n'amahanga | established_date1 = Mata 1980 | area_km2 = 390757 | population_estimate = 16 176 000 | population_estimate_year = 2026 | iso3166code = omit }} '''Zimbabwe''' (izina ryemewe: Repubulika ya Zimbabwe; mu [[Icyongereza]]: ''Republic of Zimbabwe'') ni igihugu cyo muri [[Afurika]] y'Amajyepfo. Ntigikora ku nyanja. Umurwa mukuru ni Harare. Zimbabwe yabonye ubwigenge bwemewe n'amahanga muri Mata 1980. Perezida wa Zimbabwe ni [[Emmerson Mnangagwa]]. == Imiterere == [[File:Harare Africa Unity 1992.jpg|thumb|left|Umujyi wa Harare mu 1992]] Zimbabwe ifite umupaka wa kilometero 200 na [[Afurika y’Epfo]] mu majyepfo. Mu majyepfo y'uburengerazuba no mu burengerazuba, ihana imbibi na [[Botswana]]. Mu majyaruguru, ihana imbibi na [[Zambiya]]. Mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba no mu burasirazuba, ihana imbibi na [[Mozambike]].<ref name="britannica">{{Cite web |title=Zimbabwe |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Zimbabwe |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |language=en |access-date=2026-11-03}}</ref> Zimbabwe ifite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 390 757.<ref name="facts">{{Cite web |title=Zimbabwe: Quick Facts |url=https://www.britannica.com/facts/Zimbabwe |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |language=en |access-date=2026-11-03}}</ref> Igihugu hafi cyose kiri hejuru ya metero 300. Umurongo w'imisozi urambuka ibirometero 640 kuva mu majyepfo y'uburengerazuba kugera mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba. Imisozi ya Inyanga itandukanya Zimbabwe na Mozambike.<ref name="britannica" /> == Amateka == Mbere, Harare yitwaga Salisbury. Zimbabwe yamaze igihe kirekire mu bukoloni. Mu 1965, ubutegetsi bw'abazungu bake bwatangaje ubwigenge budakurikije amategeko (''UDI''). Nyuma y'imyaka 15, muri Mata 1980, Zimbabwe yabonye ubutegetsi bwa benshi n'ubwigenge bwemewe n'amahanga.<ref name="britannica" /> == Politiki == Zimbabwe ni repubulika. Inteko ishinga amategeko ifite imitwe ibiri. Perezida ni Emmerson Mnangagwa.<ref name="facts" /> == Abaturage == Mu mwaka wa 2026, Zimbabwe yari ifite abaturage bagera kuri 16 176 000 (ikigereranyo). Zimbabwe ifite indimi 16 zemewe, harimo Icyongereza, Igishona n'Igindebele.<ref name="facts" /> == Ubukungu == Ku wa 12 Mata 2009, idolari rya Zimbabwe ryahagaritswe kubera ihindagurika rikabije ry'ibiciro. Kuva muri Mutarama 2009, amafaranga menshi y'amahanga, nk'idolari ry'Amerika na randi ya Afurika y'Epfo, yemewe gukoreshwa.<ref name="facts" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Zimbabwe|Amafoto ya Zimbabwe]] kuri Wikimedia Commons {{Afurika}} [[Ikiciro:Zimbabwe| ]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Ibihugu]] ogshlvrwqfja3158762bkb8jx4wlpsz 0 3752 148745 102023 2026-11-03T14:44:47Z Score Beethoven 11559 148745 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox igihugu | common_name = Zambiya | conventional_long_name = Repubulika ya Zambiya | native_name = Republic of Zambia | image_flag = Flag of Zambia.svg | image_coat = Coat of arms of Zambia.svg | image_map = Zambia (orthographic projection).svg | capital = Lusaka | official_languages = [[Icyongereza]] | leader_title1 = Perezida | leader_name1 = [[Hakainde Hichilema]] | sovereignty_type = Ubwigenge | established_event1 = Itangazwa ry'ubwigenge | established_date1 = 1964 | area_km2 = 752612 | population_estimate = 22 445 000 | population_estimate_year = 2026 | currency = Kwacha ya Zambiya | iso3166code = omit }} '''Zambiya''' (izina ryemewe: Repubulika ya Zambiya; mu [[Icyongereza]]: ''Republic of Zambia'') ni igihugu cyo muri [[Afurika]] y'Amajyepfo rwagati. Ntigikora ku nyanja. Umurwa mukuru ni Lusaka. Zambiya iri ku kibaya kinini cyo hejuru. Izina ryayo rikomoka ku ruzi rwa Zambezi. Yabonye ubwigenge mu 1964. Perezida wa Zambiya ni [[Hakainde Hichilema]]. == Imiterere == [[File:Cataratas Victoria, Zambia-Zimbabue, 2018-07-27, DD 04.jpg|thumb|left|Isumo rya Victoria hagati ya Zambiya na Zimbabwe]] Mu burengerazuba, Zambiya ifite umupaka muremure na [[Angola]]. Mu majyepfo, uruzi rwa Zambezi ruyitandukanya n'abaturanyi bayo. Mu majyepfo y'uburengerazuba, hari agace gato ka [[Namibiya]] kitwa Caprivi. Ikiyaga cya Kariba, cyakozwe n'abantu, kigize igice cy'umupaka na [[Zimbabwe]].<ref name="britannica">{{Cite web |title=Zambia |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Zambia |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |language=en |access-date=2026-11-03}}</ref> Abandi baturanyi ni [[Mozambike]] mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba, [[Malawi]] mu burasirazuba, na [[Tanzaniya]] mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba. Umupaka muremure na [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]] utangirira ku [[Ikiyaga cya Tanganyika]].<ref name="britannica" /> Zambiya ifite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 752 612.<ref name="facts">{{Cite web |title=Zambia: Quick Facts |url=https://www.britannica.com/facts/Zambia |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |language=en |access-date=2026-11-03}}</ref> == Amateka == Mbere, Zambiya yitwaga Rodeziya y'Amajyaruguru.<ref name="facts" /> Kenneth Kaunda yayoboye Zambiya igana ku bwigenge mu 1964. Yabaye perezida wayo kugeza mu 1991.<ref name="kaunda">{{Cite web |title=Kenneth Kaunda |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Kenneth-Kaunda |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |language=en |access-date=2026-11-03}}</ref> == Politiki == Zambiya ni repubulika ifite amashyaka menshi. Inteko ishinga amategeko ifite umutwe umwe. Perezida ni Hakainde Hichilema.<ref name="facts" /> == Abaturage == Mu mwaka wa 2026, Zambiya yari ifite abaturage bagera kuri 22 445 000 (ikigereranyo). Ururimi rwemewe ni Icyongereza.<ref name="facts" /> Ibice byinshi by'igihugu bituwe n'abantu bake. Abaturage benshi batuye mu karere kanyuramo inzira ya gari ya moshi ihuza akarere k'umuringa (Copperbelt), Lusaka na Livingstone.<ref name="britannica" /> == Ubukungu == Ifaranga rikoreshwa ni Kwacha ya Zambiya.<ref name="facts" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Zambia|Amafoto ya Zambiya]] kuri Wikimedia Commons {{Afurika}} [[Ikiciro:Zambiya| ]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Ibihugu]] 3kjza6ybe6k3h5bybu9ec0d82aeor4n 0 3811 148726 121149 2026-11-03T13:14:01Z Score Beethoven 11559 148726 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox igihugu | common_name = Repubulika ya Santara Afurika | conventional_long_name = Repubulika ya Santara Afurika | native_name = République centrafricaine<br />Ködörösêse tî Bêafrîka | image_flag = Flag of the Central African Republic.svg | image_coat = Coat of arms of the Central African Republic.svg | image_map = Central African Republic (orthographic projection).svg | capital = [[Bangui]] | official_languages = [[Igifaransa]] n'Igisango | leader_title1 = Perezida | leader_name1 = [[Faustin-Archange Touadéra]] | leader_title2 = Minisitiri w'Intebe | leader_name2 = Félix Moloua | sovereignty_type = Ubwigenge | established_event1 = Ku [[Ubufaransa]] | established_date1 = 1960 | area_km2 = 622436 | population_estimate = 6 736 000 | population_estimate_year = 2026 | currency = Ifaranga rya CFA | iso3166code = omit }} '''Repubulika ya Santara Afurika''' (mu [[Igifaransa]]: ''République centrafricaine''; mu Gisango: ''Ködörösêse tî Bêafrîka'') ni igihugu kiri hagati muri [[Afurika]]. Ntigikora ku nyanja. Umurwa mukuru ni [[Bangui]]. Igihugu cyabonye ubwigenge ku [[Ubufaransa]] mu 1960. Indimi zemewe ni Igifaransa n'Igisango. Perezida ni [[Faustin-Archange Touadéra]]. == Imiterere == Repubulika ya Santara Afurika ihana imbibi na [[Cade]] mu majyaruguru. Mu majyaruguru no mu burasirazuba, ihana imbibi na [[Sudani]] na [[Sudani y’Amajyepfo]]. Mu majyepfo, ihana imbibi na [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]] na [[Kongo|Repubulika ya Kongo]]. Mu burengerazuba, ihana imbibi na [[Kameruni]].<ref name="britannica">{{Cite web |title=Central African Republic |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Central-African-Republic |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |language=en |access-date=2026-11-03}}</ref> Igihugu gifite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 622 436.<ref name="facts">{{Cite web |title=Central African Republic: Quick Facts |url=https://www.britannica.com/facts/Central-African-Republic |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |language=en |access-date=2026-11-03}}</ref> Kiri ku kibaya kinini cyo hejuru. Icyo kibaya gitandukanya ibibaya by'Ikiyaga cya Cade n'iby'uruzi rwa Kongo. Uruzi rwa Ubangi rugize umupaka wo mu majyepfo.<ref name="britannica" /> == Amateka == Abantu batuye muri ako karere nibura mu myaka 8 000 ishize. Abatuye mbere bashobora kuba ari abakurambere b'Abaka bo muri iki gihe. Mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 19, uturere tw'igihugu twagiye mu butegetsi bw'ubukoloni bw'Abafaransa.<ref name="britannica" /> Igihugu cyabonye ubwigenge mu 1960. Nyuma, habaye ibihe by'imvururu n'ubutegetsi bw'igitugu. Muri ibyo bihe harimo ubutegetsi bwa Bokassa I, wiyise umwami w'abami. Yahinduye izina ry'igihugu ryitwa « Ingoma ya Santara Afurika ».<ref name="britannica" /> Umurwa mukuru Bangui washinzwe mu 1889 nk'ahantu h'ubucuruzi h'Abafaransa. Uri ku nkombe z'uruzi rwa Ubangi.<ref name="britannica" /> == Politiki == Repubulika ya Santara Afurika ni repubulika ifite amashyaka menshi. Inteko ishinga amategeko ifite umutwe umwe. Perezida ni Faustin-Archange Touadéra. Minisitiri w'Intebe ni Félix Moloua.<ref name="facts" /> == Abaturage == Mu mwaka wa 2026, igihugu cyari gifite abaturage bagera kuri 6 736 000 (ikigereranyo). Indimi zemewe ni Igifaransa n'Igisango.<ref name="facts" /> == Ubukungu == Ifaranga rikoreshwa ni Ifaranga rya CFA.<ref name="facts" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Central African Republic|Amafoto ya Repubulika ya Santara Afurika]] kuri Wikimedia Commons {{Afurika}} [[Ikiciro:Repubulika ya Santara Afurika| ]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Ibihugu]] 2679m8q6zay2zvb5lavi2s3psdz1kf4 0 3826 148794 101279 2026-11-03T15:46:10Z Score Beethoven 11559 148794 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox igihugu | common_name = Kongo | conventional_long_name = Repubulika ya Kongo | native_name = République du Congo | image_flag = Flag of the Republic of the Congo.svg | image_coat = Coat of arms of the Republic of the Congo.svg | image_map = Republic of the Congo (orthographic projection).svg | capital = [[Brazzaville]] | official_languages = [[Igifaransa]] | leader_title1 = Perezida | leader_name1 = [[Denis Sassou Nguesso]] | leader_title2 = Minisitiri w'Intebe | leader_name2 = Anatole Collinet Makosso | sovereignty_type = Ubwigenge | established_event1 = Ku [[Ubufaransa]] | established_date1 = 15 Kanama 1960 | area_km2 = 342000 | population_estimate = 6 302 000 | population_estimate_year = 2026 | currency = Ifaranga rya CFA | iso3166code = omit }} '''Kongo''' (izina ryemewe: Repubulika ya Kongo; mu [[Igifaransa]]: ''République du Congo''; mu [[Ilingala]]: ''Republiki ya Kongó'') ni igihugu cyo muri [[Afurika]] yo Hagati. Bakunze kucyita Kongo-Brazzaville. Iryo zina rituma kititiranywa na [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]]. Umurwa mukuru ni [[Brazzaville]]. Kongo yakolonijwe n'[[Ubufaransa]]. Yabonye ubwigenge ku wa 15 Kanama 1960. Ururimi rwemewe ni Igifaransa. Perezida w'igihugu ni [[Denis Sassou Nguesso]]. == Imiterere == [[File:Route au bord de la ville de Brazzaville Corniche Bokoba veroly.jpg|thumb|left|Brazzaville ku nkombe y'[[Umugezi wa Congo]]]] Kongo ifite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 342 000.<ref name="facts">{{Cite web |title=Republic of the Congo: Facts & Stats |url=https://www.britannica.com/facts/Republic-of-the-Congo |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |language=en |access-date=2026-11-03}}</ref> Igihugu kiri ku murongo wa Ekwateri.<ref name="britannica">{{Cite web |title=Republic of the Congo |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Republic-of-the-Congo |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |language=en |access-date=2026-11-03}}</ref> Kongo ihana imbibi na [[Gabon]], [[Kameruni]], [[Repubulika ya Santara Afurika]], [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]] na [[Angola]]. Mu mijyi yayo harimo Brazzaville, Pointe-Noire na Owando.<ref name="britannica" /> == Amateka == Mu kinyejana cya 15, Abanyaporutugali batangije ubucuruzi bw'abacakara muri ako karere. Ubwo bucuruzi bwahagaritswe mu kinyejana cya 19.<ref name="summary">{{Cite web |title=Republic of the Congo summary |url=https://www.britannica.com/summary/Republic-of-the-Congo |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |language=en |access-date=2026-11-03}}</ref> Mu kinyejana cya 19, Abafaransa bageze muri ako karere. Bagiranye amasezerano n'ubwami bubiri. Nyuma yaho, ako karere kabaye igice cya Kongo y'Abafaransa.<ref name="summary" /> Mu 1910, Kongo yabaye kimwe mu bihugu bine bigize Afurika y'Abafaransa yo ku Ekwateri (AEF). Brazzaville yari umurwa mukuru wa AEF.<ref name="africamuseum">{{Cite web |title=République du Congo (Brazzaville) |url=https://independance.africamuseum.be/en/node/180 |website=AfricaMuseum |language=en |access-date=2026-11-03}}</ref> Kongo yabonye ubwigenge ku wa 15 Kanama 1960.<ref name="africamuseum" /> Perezida wa mbere yakuwe ku butegetsi mu 1963. Mu 1968, Marien Ngouabi yafashe ubutegetsi ku ngufu. Yashyizeho Repubulika ya Rubanda ya Kongo. Ngouabi yishwe mu 1977.<ref name="summary" /> Mu 1997, imitwe yitwaje intwaro yararwanye. Iyo mirwano yangije cyane ubukungu bw'igihugu. Amasezerano y'amahoro yo mu 2003 yahagaritse imirwano myinshi.<ref name="summary" /> == Politiki == Denis Sassou Nguesso yayoboye Kongo kuva mu 1979 kugeza mu 1992. Yongeye gufata ubutegetsi mu 1997.<ref name="aljazeera">{{Cite web |title=Congolese President Sassou Nguesso wins fifth term: Provisional results |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/3/17/congos-president-nguesso-to-secure-fifth-term-provisional-results-predict |website=Al Jazeera |date=2026-03-17 |language=en |access-date=2026-11-03}}</ref> Ku wa 15 Werurwe 2026, yongeye gutorwa n'amajwi 94,82%. Ni manda ye ya gatanu.<ref name="aljazeera" /> Ku wa 23 Mata 2026, Anatole Collinet Makosso yongeye kugirwa Minisitiri w'Intebe.<ref name="jo">{{Cite web |title=Journal officiel de la République du Congo N° 18-2026 |url=https://sgg.cg/JO/2026/congo-jo-2026-18.pdf |website=Secrétariat général du Gouvernement |language=fr |access-date=2026-11-03}}</ref> == Abaturage == Mu 2026, abaturage ba Kongo bagereranywaga na 6 302 000.<ref name="facts" /> Ururimi rwemewe ni Igifaransa. Indimi z'igihugu ni [[Ilingala]] n'Ikituba (Monokutuba).<ref name="facts" /> Muri Kongo havugwa n'izindi ndimi zirenga 40.<ref name="africamuseum" /> == Ubukungu == Ibikomoka ku birombe, peteroli na gaze bigize ibirenga 90% by'ibyo Kongo yohereza mu mahanga.<ref name="summary" /> Ifaranga rikoreshwa ni Ifaranga rya CFA.<ref name="facts" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Republic of the Congo|Amafoto ya Kongo]] kuri Wikimedia Commons {{Afurika}} [[Ikiciro:Repubulika ya Kongo| ]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Ibihugu]] a1iv0s494seost02s501bb8n95uy1ax 0 3834 148795 81695 2026-11-03T15:48:43Z Score Beethoven 11559 148795 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox igihugu | common_name = Kote Divuwari | conventional_long_name = Repubulika ya Kote Divuwari | native_name = République de Côte d'Ivoire | image_flag = Flag of Côte d'Ivoire.svg | image_coat = Coat of Arms of the Ivory Coast.svg | image_map = Côte d'Ivoire (orthographic projection).svg | capital = Yamoussoukro | official_languages = [[Igifaransa]] | leader_title1 = Perezida | leader_name1 = [[Alassane Ouattara]] | leader_title2 = Minisitiri w'Intebe | leader_name2 = Robert Beugré Mambé | sovereignty_type = Ubwigenge | established_event1 = Ku [[Ubufaransa]] | established_date1 = 7 Kanama 1960 | area_km2 = 322462 | population_estimate = 32 065 000 | population_estimate_year = 2024 | currency = Ifaranga rya CFA | iso3166code = omit }} '''Kote Divuwari''' (izina ryemewe: Repubulika ya Kote Divuwari; mu [[Igifaransa]]: ''Côte d'Ivoire'') ni igihugu cyo muri [[Afurika]] y'Iburengerazuba. Umurwa mukuru wemewe ni Yamoussoukro. Umujyi wa [[Abidjan]] ni wo murwa mukuru w'ubukungu. Kote Divuwari yakolonijwe n'[[Ubufaransa]]. Yabonye ubwigenge ku wa 7 Kanama 1960. Ururimi rwemewe ni Igifaransa. Perezida w'igihugu ni [[Alassane Ouattara]]. == Imiterere == [[File:Le Plateau depuis le Pont ADO – Abidjan.jpg|thumb|left|Agace ka Plateau mu mujyi wa [[Abidjan]]]] Kote Divuwari ifite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 322 462.<ref name="summary">{{Cite web |title=Côte d'Ivoire summary |url=https://www.britannica.com/summary/Cote-dIvoire |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |language=en |access-date=2026-11-03}}</ref> Kote Divuwari ihana imbibi na [[Gineya]], [[Liberiya]], [[Mali]], [[Burukina Faso]] na [[Gana]]. Mu majyepfo, igihugu gikora ku Nyanja ya Atalantika.<ref name="britannica">{{Cite web |title=Côte d'Ivoire |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Cote-dIvoire |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |language=en |access-date=2026-11-03}}</ref> == Amateka == Mu kinyejana cya 15, Abanyaburayi batangiye kugurira amahembe y'inzovu n'abacakara muri ako karere. Mu kinyejana cya 19, Abafaransa bagize ijambo rikomeye mu bwami bwaho.<ref name="summary" /> Mu 1893, Abafaransa bashinze ubukoloni bwa Kote Divuwari. Kote Divuwari yabonye ubwigenge ku wa 7 Kanama 1960.<ref name="summary" /><ref name="africamuseum">{{Cite web |title=République de Côte-d'Ivoire |url=https://independance.africamuseum.be/en/node/177 |website=AfricaMuseum |language=en |access-date=2026-11-03}}</ref> Félix Houphouët-Boigny yabaye perezida wa mbere. Yapfuye mu 1993.<ref name="summary" /> Mu 2002, intambara y'abenegihugu yagabanyije igihugu mo ibice bibiri. Mu 2007, impande zombi zasinye amasezerano yo gusangira ubutegetsi. Amatora ya perezida yo mu 2010 yateje amakimbirane. Ayo makimbirane yarangiye mu 2011.<ref name="summary" /> == Politiki == Alassane Ouattara yatowe mu 2010. Yongeye gutorwa mu 2015 no mu 2020.<ref name="apa">{{Cite web |title=Alassane Ouattara prête serment pour un 4e mandat |url=https://fr.apanews.net/news/alassane-ouattara-prete-serment-pour-un-4e-mandat/ |website=APA News |date=2025-12-08 |language=fr |access-date=2026-11-03}}</ref> Ku wa 25 Ukwakira 2025, yatorewe manda ya kane n'amajwi 89,77%.<ref name="apa" /> Ku wa 21 Mutarama 2026, Robert Beugré Mambé yongeye kugirwa Minisitiri w'Intebe.<ref name="mambe">{{Cite web |title=Côte d'Ivoire : Robert Beugré Mambé reconduit au poste de Premier ministre |url=https://fr.allafrica.com/stories/202601210325.html |website=AllAfrica |date=2026-01-21 |language=fr |access-date=2026-11-03}}</ref> == Abaturage == Mu 2024, abaturage ba Kote Divuwari bagereranywaga na 32 065 000. Ururimi rwemewe ni Igifaransa. Havugwa kandi izindi ndimi, nka Baule, Bete, Bambara na Dan.<ref name="summary" /> == Ubukungu == Hafi kimwe cya kabiri cy'abakozi bakora ubuhinzi. Kote Divuwari yeza kakawo nyinshi kandi icukura peteroli. Yohereza kandi mu mahanga ibiti n'[[ikawa]].<ref name="summary" /> Ifaranga rikoreshwa ni Ifaranga rya CFA.<ref name="africamuseum" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Ivory Coast|Amafoto ya Kote Divuwari]] kuri Wikimedia Commons {{Afurika}} [[Ikiciro:Kote Divuwari| ]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Ibihugu]] 9j753psashh1vhlyfr8xkfmehyop12z 0 3846 148693 128071 2026-11-03T13:07:54Z Score Beethoven 11559 148693 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox igihugu | common_name = Namibiya | conventional_long_name = Repubulika ya Namibiya | native_name = Republic of Namibia | image_flag = Flag of Namibia.svg | image_coat = Coat of arms of Namibia.svg | image_map = Namibia (orthographic projection).svg | capital = Windhoek | official_languages = [[Icyongereza]] | leader_title1 = Perezida | leader_name1 = [[Netumbo Nandi-Ndaitwah]] | leader_title2 = Visi Perezida | leader_name2 = Lucia Witbooi | sovereignty_type = Ubwigenge | established_event1 = Itangazwa ry'ubwigenge | established_date1 = 21 Werurwe 1990 | area_km2 = 824292 | population_estimate = 3 281 000 | population_estimate_year = 2026 | currency = Idolari rya Namibiya | iso3166code = omit }} '''Namibiya''' (izina ryemewe: Repubulika ya Namibiya; mu [[Icyongereza]]: ''Republic of Namibia'') ni igihugu kiri ku nkombe y'amajyepfo y'uburengerazuba bwa [[Afurika]]. Umurwa mukuru ni Windhoek. Ururimi rwemewe ni Icyongereza. Namibiya yabonye ubwigenge mu 1990. Mbere, yategekwaga n'[[Ubudage]] n'[[Afurika y’Epfo]]. Igice kinini cyayo ni ubutayu. Perezida wa Namibiya ni [[Netumbo Nandi-Ndaitwah]]. == Imiterere == [[File:Sossusvlei, Namibia, 2018-08-06, DD 017.jpg|thumb|left|Sossusvlei mu butayu bwa Namib]] Namibiya ihana imbibi na [[Angola]] mu majyaruguru. Mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba, ihana imbibi na [[Zambiya]]. Mu burasirazuba, ihana imbibi na [[Botswana]]. Mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba no mu majyepfo, ihana imbibi na Afurika y'Epfo. Mu burengerazuba, ikora ku Nyanja ya Atalantika.<ref name="britannica">{{Cite web |title=Namibia |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Namibia |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |language=en |access-date=2026-11-03}}</ref> Namibiya ifite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 824 292.<ref name="facts">{{Cite web |title=Namibia: Quick Facts |url=https://www.britannica.com/facts/Namibia |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |language=en |access-date=2026-11-03}}</ref> Mu majyaruguru ni ahantu humutse. Ku nkombe no mu burasirazuba ni ubutayu. Ku nkombe hari ubutayu bwa Namib. Mu burasirazuba hari akarere kumutse ka Kalahari.<ref name="britannica" /> Inzuzi zihoraho ni Kunene, Okavango, Kwando na Zambezi mu majyaruguru, na Orange mu majyepfo.<ref name="britannica" /> == Amateka == Namibiya yategetswe n'Abadage n'Afurika y'Epfo mu gihe cy'imyaka 106. Yabonye ubwigenge ku wa 21 Werurwe 1990. Icyo gihe yashyizeho itegeko nshinga rigendera kuri demokarasi n'amashyaka menshi.<ref name="britannica" /> == Politiki == Namibiya ni repubulika. Inteko ishinga amategeko ifite imitwe ibiri. Perezida ni Netumbo Nandi-Ndaitwah. Afatanya na Visi Perezida Lucia Witbooi.<ref name="facts" /> == Abaturage == Mu mwaka wa 2026, Namibiya yari ifite abaturage bagera kuri 3 281 000 (ikigereranyo). Ururimi rwemewe ni Icyongereza.<ref name="facts" /> == Ubukungu == Ifaranga rikoreshwa ni Idolari rya Namibiya.<ref name="facts" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Namibia|Amafoto ya Namibiya]] kuri Wikimedia Commons {{Afurika}} [[Ikiciro:Namibiya| ]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Ibihugu]] 0576x72pq1uempbpi74xy58c2yhu2t4 0 3847 148504 113475 2026-11-03T12:00:54Z Score Beethoven 11559 148504 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox igihugu | common_name = Madagasikari | conventional_long_name = Repubulika ya Madagasikari | native_name = Repoblikan'i Madagasikara<br />République de Madagascar | image_flag = Flag of Madagascar.svg | image_coat = Seal of Madagascar.svg | image_map = Madagascar (orthographic projection).svg | capital = [[Antananarivo]] | official_languages = Ikimaragasi n'[[Igifaransa]] | leader_title1 = Perezida | leader_name1 = Michael Randrianirina | leader_title2 = Minisitiri w'Intebe | leader_name2 = Mamitiana Rajaonarison | sovereignty_type = Ubwigenge | established_event1 = Ku [[Ubufaransa]] | established_date1 = 26 Kamena 1960 | area_km2 = 591896 | population_estimate = 32 659 000 | population_estimate_year = 2026 | currency = Ariary | iso3166code = omit }} '''Madagasikari''' (izina ryemewe: Repubulika ya Madagasikari; mu Kimaragasi: ''Repoblikan'i Madagasikara''; mu [[Igifaransa]]: ''République de Madagascar'') ni igihugu kiri ku kirwa mu Nyanja y'Abahinde. Kiri hafi y'inkombe y'amajyepfo y'uburasirazuba bwa [[Afurika]]. Umurwa mukuru ni [[Antananarivo]]. Madagasikari ni ikirwa cya kane kinini ku isi. Yabonye ubwigenge ku [[Ubufaransa]] mu 1960. Inyamaswa n'ibimera byaho byinshi ntibiboneka ahandi. == Imiterere == [[File:Allée des Baobabs near Morondava, Madagascar.jpg|thumb|left|Allée des Baobabs, hafi ya Morondava]] Madagasikari iri mu majyepfo y'uburengerazuba bw'Inyanja y'Abahinde. Itandukanywa na Afurika n'Umuhora wa [[Mozambike]]. Uwo muhora ufite ubugari bwa kilometero 400. Madagasikari ni ikirwa cya kane kinini ku isi, nyuma ya Greenland, Nouvelle-Guinée na Borneo.<ref name="britannica">{{Cite web |title=Madagascar |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Madagascar |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |language=en |access-date=2026-11-03}}</ref> Madagasikari ifite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 591 896.<ref name="facts">{{Cite web |title=Madagascar: Facts & Stats |url=https://www.britannica.com/facts/Madagascar |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |language=en |access-date=2026-11-03}}</ref> Umusozi muremure kurusha iyindi ni Maromokotro. Ufite ubutumburuke bwa metero 2 876.<ref name="britannica" /> Inyamaswa n'ibimera byinshi byo muri Madagasikari ntibiboneka ahandi. Bitandukanye cyane n'ibyo muri Afurika yegeranye na yo.<ref name="britannica" /> == Amateka == Madagasikari yahoze ikolonijwe n'Ubufaransa.<ref name="britannica" /> Yabonye ubwigenge ku wa 26 Kamena 1960. Philibert Tsiranana yabaye perezida wa mbere, kuva mu 1960 kugeza mu 1972.<ref name="tsiranana">{{Cite web |title=Philibert Tsiranana |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Philibert-Tsiranana |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |language=en |access-date=2026-11-03}}</ref> Mu Kwakira 2025, habaye imyigaragambyo ikomeye. Perezida Andry Rajoelina yahunze igihugu. Koloneli Michael Randrianirina yafashe ubutegetsi.<ref name="aljazeera">{{Cite news |title=Madagascar names anticorruption chief as PM days after cabinet dissolved |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/3/16/madagascar-names-anticorruption-chief-as-pm-days-after-cabinet-dissolved |work=Al Jazeera |date=2026-03-16 |language=en |access-date=2026-11-03}}</ref> == Politiki == Perezida wa Madagasikari ni Koloneli Michael Randrianirina. Muri Werurwe 2026, yagize Mamitiana Rajaonarison Minisitiri w'Intebe. Mbere, Rajaonarison yayoboraga urwego rurwanya ruswa.<ref name="aljazeera" /><ref name="facts" /> == Abaturage == Mu mwaka wa 2026, Madagasikari yari ifite abaturage bagera kuri 32 659 000 (ikigereranyo). Indimi zemewe ni Ikimaragasi n'Igifaransa.<ref name="facts" /> Abaturage benshi bafitanye isano n'abaturage bo muri Indoneziya, aho kuba abo muri Afurika.<ref name="britannica" /> == Ubukungu == Ifaranga rikoreshwa ni Ariary.<ref name="facts" /> Madagasikari ifite ubutaka bwera bushobora guhingwa cyane, nko hafi y'Ikiyaga cya Alaotra.<ref name="britannica" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Madagascar|Amafoto ya Madagasikari]] kuri Wikimedia Commons {{Afurika}} [[Ikiciro:Madagasikari| ]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Ibihugu]] grq6jkxr412nwao3autn59at2zp4plt 0 3849 148505 102622 2026-11-03T12:14:42Z Score Beethoven 11559 148505 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox igihugu | common_name = Malawi | conventional_long_name = Repubulika ya Malawi | native_name = Republic of Malawi | image_flag = Flag of Malawi.svg | image_coat = Coat of arms of Malawi.svg | image_map = Malawi (orthographic projection).svg | capital = Lilongwe | leader_title1 = Perezida | leader_name1 = [[Peter Mutharika]] | sovereignty_type = Ubwigenge | established_event1 = Ku [[Ubwongereza]] | established_date1 = 6 Nyakanga 1964 | area_km2 = 118760 | population_estimate = 21 202 000 | population_estimate_year = 2026 | currency = Kwacha ya Malawi | iso3166code = omit }} '''Malawi''' (izina ryemewe: Repubulika ya Malawi; mu [[Igicewa]]: ''Malaŵi''; mu [[Icyongereza]]: ''Republic of Malawi'') ni igihugu cyo muri [[Afurika]] y'Amajyepfo y'Iburasirazuba. Ntigikora ku nyanja. Umurwa mukuru ni Lilongwe. Mbere, Malawi yitwaga Nyasaland. Yabonye ubwigenge ku [[Ubwongereza]] mu 1964. [[Ikiyaga cya Malawi]] gifata igice kinini cy'igihugu. Perezida wa Malawi ni [[Peter Mutharika]]. == Imiterere == [[File:Ilala on malawi lake.jpg|thumb|left|Ubwato Ilala ku Kiyaga cya Malawi]] Malawi ihana imbibi na [[Tanzaniya]] mu majyaruguru. Mu burasirazuba, hari Ikiyaga cya Malawi. Mu burasirazuba no mu majyepfo, ihana imbibi na [[Mozambike]]. Mu burengerazuba, ihana imbibi na [[Zambiya]].<ref name="britannica">{{Cite web |title=Malawi |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Malawi |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |language=en |access-date=2026-11-03}}</ref> Malawi ifite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 118 760.<ref name="facts">{{Cite web |title=Malawi: Facts & Stats |url=https://www.britannica.com/facts/Malawi |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |language=en |access-date=2026-11-03}}</ref> Ikiyaga cya Malawi gifata ibirenze igice kimwe cya gatanu cy'ubuso bw'igihugu. Igihugu gifite uburebure bwa kilometero 840 kuva mu majyaruguru kugera mu majyepfo.<ref name="britannica" /> Ikibaya cy'Ubutaka Bwasadutse (''Rift Valley'') ni cyo kiranga cyane imiterere ya Malawi. Umusozi wa Mulanje ni wo muremure kurusha iyindi. Ufite ubutumburuke bwa metero 3 002.<ref name="britannica" /> == Amateka == Mbere y'ubwigenge, Malawi yari koloni y'Abongereza yitwaga Nyasaland. Yabonye ubwigenge ku wa 6 Nyakanga 1964.<ref name="cvce">{{Cite web |title=Malawi Independence Act (1964) |url=https://www.cvce.eu/en/obj/malawi_independence_act_1964-en-9a1dc3c8-8cbd-4e71-9836-5dbd9031067f.html |website=CVCE.eu |language=en |access-date=2026-11-03}}</ref> Hastings Kamuzu Banda yabaye Minisitiri w'Intebe kuva mu 1964 kugeza mu 1966. Nyuma, yabaye perezida wa mbere wa Malawi, kuva mu 1966 kugeza mu 1994.<ref name="banda">{{Cite web |title=Hastings Kamuzu Banda |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Hastings-Kamuzu-Banda |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |language=en |access-date=2026-11-03}}</ref> == Politiki == Perezida wa Malawi ni Peter Mutharika.<ref name="facts" /> Yarahiriye kuba perezida wa karindwi wa Malawi mu Kwakira 2025. Icyo gihe yari afite imyaka 85. Mbere, yari yarabaye perezida kuva mu 2014 kugeza mu 2020.<ref name="mg">{{Cite news |title=Malawi's Mutharika sworn in after rare comeback, vows to end 'honeymoon of looting' |url=https://mg.co.za/news/africa/2025-10-05-malawi-s-mutharika-sworn-in-after-rare-comeback-vows-to-end-honeymoon-of-looting/ |work=Mail & Guardian |date=2025-10-05 |language=en |access-date=2026-11-03}}</ref> == Abaturage == Mu mwaka wa 2026, Malawi yari ifite abaturage bagera kuri 21 202 000 (ikigereranyo). Itegeko nshinga ntirivuga ururimi rwemewe. Icyongereza ni rwo rurimi rwigishwamo. Igicewa ni rwo rurimi rw'igihugu rukoreshwa cyane.<ref name="facts" /> Inkiko nkuru ziri i Blantyre.<ref name="britannica" /> == Ubukungu == Malawi yohereza mu mahanga ibikomoka ku mirima minini y'[[icyayi]] n'[[Igikamba|itabi]].<ref name="britannica" /> Ifaranga rikoreshwa ni Kwacha ya Malawi.<ref name="facts" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Malawi|Amafoto ya Malawi]] kuri Wikimedia Commons {{Afurika}} [[Ikiciro:Malawi| ]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Ibihugu]] ci0x00wjsnu9fg6wkf50g0kq4zhujyn 0 3866 148521 102638 2026-11-03T12:40:22Z Score Beethoven 11559 148521 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox igihugu | common_name = Maroke | conventional_long_name = Ubwami bwa Maroke | native_name = المملكة المغربية<br />ⵜⴰⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ | image_flag = Flag of Morocco.svg | image_coat = Coat of arms of Morocco.svg | image_map = Morocco in its region (de-facto and disputed hatched).svg | capital = [[Rabat]] | official_languages = [[Icyarabu]] n'Igitamazight | leader_title1 = Umwami | leader_name1 = Mohammed VI | leader_title2 = Minisitiri w'Intebe | leader_name2 = Fatima Zahra El Mansouri | sovereignty_type = Ubwigenge | established_event1 = Ku [[Ubufaransa]] | established_date1 = 1956 | area_km2 = 415560 | population_estimate = 36 694 000 | population_estimate_year = 2026 | currency = Dirham ya Maroke | iso3166code = omit }} '''Maroke''' (izina ryemewe: Ubwami bwa Maroke; mu [[Icyarabu]]: ''المملكة المغربية''; mu [[Igifaransa]]: ''Royaume du Maroc'') ni igihugu cyo muri [[Afurika]] y'Amajyaruguru. Kiri hakurya y'Umuhora wa Gibraltar, imbere ya [[Esipanye]]. Umurwa mukuru ni [[Rabat]]. Maroke yabaye ubutaka burinzwe n'[[Ubufaransa]] mu 1912. Yongeye kwigenga mu 1956. Ni bwo bwami bwonyine buri muri Afurika y'Amajyaruguru. == Imiterere == [[File:Tour Hassan-Rabat cropped.jpg|thumb|left|Umunara wa Hassan i Rabat]] Maroke ihana imbibi na [[Aligeriya]] mu burasirazuba no mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba. Mu majyepfo, ihana imbibi na Sahara y'Iburengerazuba. Mu burengerazuba, ikora ku Nyanja ya Atalantika. Mu majyaruguru, ikora ku Nyanja ya Mediterane. Ni cyo gihugu cyonyine cya Afurika gikora kuri izo nyanja zombi.<ref name="britannica">{{Cite web |title=Morocco |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Morocco |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |language=en |access-date=2026-11-03}}</ref> Maroke ifite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 415 560.<ref name="facts">{{Cite web |title=Morocco: Quick Facts |url=https://www.britannica.com/facts/Morocco |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |language=en |access-date=2026-11-03}}</ref> Ubwo buso ntibubariyemo Sahara y'Iburengerazuba, igenzurwa na Maroke. Imijyi mito ibiri ya Esipanye, Ceuta na Melilla, iri ku nkombe y'amajyaruguru.<ref name="britannica" /> Igice kinini cya Maroke kiri hejuru, ku butumburuke bwa metero 800 ugereranyije. Imisozi ya Rif iri mu majyaruguru. Imisozi ya Atlas yambukiranya hagati mu gihugu.<ref name="britannica" /> == Amateka == Maroke ni igihugu cy'abasangwabutaka bitwa Ababeriberi (Imazighen). Ubwami bwa Carthage bwayitegetse kera. Nyuma, yabaye intara y'iburengerazuba ya kure y'Ubwami bw'Abaroma. Mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 7, Abarabu barayigaruriye. Abaturage benshi bemera idini rya [[Islamu]].<ref name="britannica" /> Mu kinyejana cya 11, ingoma ya Almoravide yategetse ubwami bugari kuva mu majyepfo ya Esipanye kugera mu bice bya Afurika yo munsi ya Sahara.<ref name="britannica" /> Mu 1912, Maroke yabaye ubutaka burinzwe n'Ubufaransa. Yongeye kwigenga mu 1956.<ref name="britannica" /> == Politiki == Maroke ni ubwami bugendera ku itegeko nshinga. Inteko ishinga amategeko ifite imitwe ibiri. Umwami ni Mohammed VI.<ref name="facts" /> Ku wa 29 Nzeri 2026, Umwami Mohammed VI yagize Fatima Zahra El Mansouri Minisitiri w'Intebe. Ni we mugore wa mbere uyoboye guverinoma ya Maroke. Yashyizweho nyuma y'uko ishyaka rye, PAM, ritsinze amatora y'abadepite.<ref name="euronews">{{Cite news |title=Fatima Ezzahra El Mansouri devient la première femme Première ministre du Maroc |url=https://fr.euronews.com/2026/09/29/fatima-ezzahra-el-mansouri-devient-la-premiere-femme-premiere-ministre-du-maroc |work=Euronews |date=2026-09-29 |language=fr |access-date=2026-11-03}}</ref> == Abaturage == Mu mwaka wa 2026, Maroke yari ifite abaturage bagera kuri 36 694 000 (ikigereranyo). Indimi zemewe ni Icyarabu n'Igitamazight. Idini rya Leta ni Islamu.<ref name="facts" /> Casablanca ni wo mujyi munini kurusha iyindi. Ni n'icyambu gikomeye ku Nyanja ya Atalantika.<ref name="britannica" /> == Ubukungu == Casablanca ni ihuriro ry'inganda n'ubucuruzi.<ref name="britannica" /> Ifaranga rikoreshwa ni Dirham ya Maroke.<ref name="facts" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Morocco|Amafoto ya Maroke]] kuri Wikimedia Commons {{Afurika}} [[Ikiciro:Maroke| ]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Ibihugu]] 78koyashvk7f8mjdp1263w11mk2pqq6 0 3878 148515 102666 2026-11-03T12:36:29Z Score Beethoven 11559 148515 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox igihugu | common_name = Moritaniya | conventional_long_name = Repubulika ya Kisilamu ya Moritaniya | native_name = الجمهورية الإسلامية الموريتانية | image_flag = Flag of Mauritania.svg | image_coat = Seal of Mauritania.svg | image_map = Mauritania (orthographic projection).svg | capital = Nouakchott | official_languages = [[Icyarabu]] | leader_title1 = Perezida | leader_name1 = Mohamed Ould Cheikh Ghazouani | leader_title2 = Minisitiri w'Intebe | leader_name2 = Mokhtar Ould Diay | sovereignty_type = Ubwigenge | established_event1 = Ku [[Ubufaransa]] | established_date1 = 28 Ugushyingo 1960 | area_km2 = 1030700 | population_estimate = 5 311 000 | population_estimate_year = 2026 | currency = Ouguiya | iso3166code = omit }} '''Moritaniya''' (izina ryemewe: Repubulika ya Kisilamu ya Moritaniya; mu [[Icyarabu]]: ''موريتانيا'') ni igihugu kiri ku nkombe ya Atalantika muri [[Afurika]]. Umurwa mukuru ni Nouakchott. Ururimi rwemewe ni Icyarabu. Moritaniya ihuza Afurika y'Amajyaruguru n'Afurika y'Iburengerazuba. Igice kinini cyayo kiri mu butayu bwa Sahara. Yabonye ubwigenge ku [[Ubufaransa]] mu 1960. == Imiterere == [[File:Nouakchott,AlKhaima.jpg|thumb|left|Umujyi wa Nouakchott]] Moritaniya ihana imbibi na Sahara y'Iburengerazuba mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba. Mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba, ihana imbibi na [[Aligeriya]]. Mu burasirazuba no mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba, ihana imbibi na [[Mali]]. Mu majyepfo y'uburengerazuba, ihana imbibi na [[Senegali]]. Mu burengerazuba, ikora ku Nyanja ya Atalantika. Inkombe yayo ifite uburebure bwa kilometero 700.<ref name="britannica">{{Cite web |title=Mauritania |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Mauritania |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |language=en |access-date=2026-11-03}}</ref> Moritaniya ifite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 1 030 700.<ref name="facts">{{Cite web |title=Mauritania: Quick Facts |url=https://www.britannica.com/facts/Mauritania |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |language=en |access-date=2026-11-03}}</ref> Igice kinini cy'igihugu kiri mu butayu bwa Sahara. Ubutaka bwinshi ni bugari kandi bushashe.<ref name="britannica" /> == Amateka == Mu gice cya mbere cy'ikinyejana cya 20, Moritaniya yategekwaga n'Ubufaransa nka koloni. Yabonye ubwigenge ku wa 28 Ugushyingo 1960.<ref name="britannica" /> Mbere y'amapfa yo mu myaka ya 1970, abaturage benshi bari aborozi bimuka.<ref name="britannica" /> == Politiki == Perezida wa Moritaniya ni Mohamed Ould Cheikh Ghazouani.<ref name="facts" /> Yongeye gutorwa muri Kamena 2024.<ref name="mwn">{{Cite news |title=Morocco-Trained Moctar Ould Diay Appointed as Mauritania's New Prime Minister |url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2024/08/364350/morocco-trained-moctar-ould-diay-appointed-as-mauritanias-new-prime-minister |work=Morocco World News |date=2024-08-04 |language=en |access-date=2026-11-03}}</ref> Minisitiri w'Intebe ni Mokhtar Ould Diay. Mu Kwakira 2026, Perezida Ghazouani yongeye kumugira Minisitiri w'Intebe. Hashyizweho guverinoma nshya iyobowe na we.<ref name="le360">{{Cite news |title=Mauritanie: voici la composition du nouveau gouvernement |url=https://afrique.le360.ma/politique/mauritanie-voici-la-composition-du-nouveau-gouvernement_FXM2353TZRGXLHLLTOMVGKFWVE/ |work=Le360 Afrique |date=2026-10-11 |language=fr |access-date=2026-11-03}}</ref> Itegeko nshinga rivuga ko Islamu ari idini rya Leta. Ariko Repubulika yemera ubwisanzure bw'imyemerere.<ref name="britannica" /> == Abaturage == Mu mwaka wa 2026, Moritaniya yari ifite abaturage bagera kuri 5 311 000 (ikigereranyo).<ref name="facts" /> Ururimi rwemewe ni Icyarabu. Igifula, Igisoninke n'Igiwolofu ni indimi z'igihugu.<ref name="britannica" /> == Ubukungu == Moritaniya ifite ubutare bwinshi bw'icyuma, umuringa na gypse. Ibyo byose birimo gucukurwa. Igihugu gifite kandi peteroli nkeya.<ref name="britannica" /> Ifaranga rikoreshwa ni Ouguiya.<ref name="facts" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Mauritania|Amafoto ya Moritaniya]] kuri Wikimedia Commons {{Afurika}} [[Ikiciro:Moritaniya| ]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Ibihugu]] a2lyo31iyifsjrhs5cpb8s4nfzhherp 0 3879 148522 102668 2026-11-03T12:43:11Z Score Beethoven 11559 148522 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox igihugu | common_name = Mozambike | conventional_long_name = Repubulika ya Mozambike | native_name = República de Moçambique | image_flag = Flag of Mozambique.svg | image_coat = Emblem of Mozambique.svg | image_map = Mozambique (orthographic projection).svg | capital = [[Maputo]] | official_languages = [[Igiporutigali]] | leader_title1 = Perezida | leader_name1 = [[Daniel Chapo]] | sovereignty_type = Ubwigenge | established_event1 = Kuri Porutugali | established_date1 = 1975 | area_km2 = 799380 | population_estimate = 34 959 000 | population_estimate_year = 2026 | currency = Metical | iso3166code = omit }} '''Mozambike''' (izina ryemewe: Repubulika ya Mozambike; mu [[Igiporutigali]]: ''República de Moçambique'') ni igihugu cyo muri [[Afurika]] y'Amajyepfo y'Iburasirazuba. Umurwa mukuru ni [[Maputo]]. Ururimi rwemewe ni Igiporutigali. Mozambike yahoze ari koloni ya Porutugali. Yabonye ubwigenge mu 1975. Ifite inkombe ndende ku Muhora wa Mozambike. Perezida wa Mozambike ni [[Daniel Chapo]]. == Imiterere == [[File:Mozambique - traditional sailboat.jpg|thumb|left|Ubwato gakondo bwo muri Mozambike]] Mozambike ihana imbibi na [[Tanzaniya]] mu majyaruguru. Mu burasirazuba, hari Umuhora wa Mozambike. Uwo muhora uyitandukanya na [[Madagasikari]]. Mu majyepfo no mu majyepfo y'uburengerazuba, ihana imbibi na [[Afurika y’Epfo]] na [[Eswatini]]. Mu burengerazuba, ihana imbibi na [[Zimbabwe]]. Mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba, ihana imbibi na [[Zambiya]], [[Malawi]] n'[[Ikiyaga cya Malawi]].<ref name="britannica">{{Cite web |title=Mozambique |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Mozambique |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |language=en |access-date=2026-11-03}}</ref> Mozambike ifite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 799 380.<ref name="facts">{{Cite web |title=Mozambique: Quick Facts |url=https://www.britannica.com/facts/Mozambique |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |language=en |access-date=2026-11-03}}</ref> Ibibaya biri mu ntara zo mu majyepfo. Uruzi rwa Zambezi rwambukiranya hagati mu gihugu. Ikibaya cya Zambezi ni cyo kintu kigaragara cyane mu miterere y'igihugu.<ref name="britannica" /> Inkombe ya Mozambike ifite ibyambu byiza kamere. Ubutaka bwo mu majyaruguru no hagati ni bwiza ku buhinzi.<ref name="britannica" /> == Amateka == Mozambike yahoze ari koloni ya Porutugali. Yabonye ubwigenge mu 1975.<ref name="britannica" /> Nyuma y'ubwigenge, habaye intambara hagati ya guverinoma n'imitwe yayirwanyaga. Abantu nibura miliyoni enye bavuye mu byabo. Abandi bagera kuri miliyoni bashobora kuba barapfuye bazize urugomo, inzara n'indwara. Iyo ntambara yarangiye ku mugaragaro mu 1992.<ref name="britannica" /> == Politiki == Mozambike ni repubulika ifite amashyaka menshi. Inteko ishinga amategeko ifite umutwe umwe. Perezida wa Mozambike ni Daniel Chapo.<ref name="facts" /> == Abaturage == Mu mwaka wa 2026, Mozambike yari ifite abaturage bagera kuri 34 959 000 (ikigereranyo). Ururimi rwemewe ni Igiporutigali.<ref name="facts" /> == Ubukungu == Uruzi rwa Zambezi rutanga amazi yo kuhira. Ni na rwo shingiro ry'inganda zitanga amashanyarazi akomoka ku mazi. Inkombe n'imicanga yera bikurura ba mukerarugendo.<ref name="britannica" /> Ifaranga rikoreshwa ni Metical.<ref name="facts" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Mozambique|Amafoto ya Mozambike]] kuri Wikimedia Commons {{Afurika}} [[Ikiciro:Mozambike| ]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Ibihugu]] lwi59x8mz5y1kxqzscaksrsny99979g 0 3888 148722 119075 2026-11-03T13:11:31Z Score Beethoven 11559 148722 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox igihugu | common_name = Nigeri | conventional_long_name = Repubulika ya Nigeri | native_name = République du Niger | image_flag = Flag of Niger.svg | image_coat = Coat of arms of Niger.svg | image_map = Niger (orthographic projection).svg | capital = [[Niamey]] | leader_title1 = Perezida w'inzibacyuho | leader_name1 = Abdourahamane Tchiani | leader_title2 = Minisitiri w'Intebe | leader_name2 = Ali Mahaman Lamine Zène | sovereignty_type = Ubwigenge | established_event1 = Ku [[Ubufaransa]] | established_date1 = 3 Kanama 1960 | area_km2 = 1267000 | population_estimate = 29 312 000 | population_estimate_year = 2026 | currency = Ifaranga rya CFA | iso3166code = omit }} '''Nigeri''' (izina ryemewe: Repubulika ya Nigeri; mu [[Igifaransa]]: ''République du Niger''; mu [[Igihawusa]]: ''Jamhuriyar Nijar'') ni igihugu cyo muri [[Afurika]] y'Iburengerazuba. Ntigikora ku nyanja. Umurwa mukuru ni [[Niamey]]. Izina ry'igihugu rikomoka ku ruzi rwa Nigeri. Nigeri yabonye ubwigenge ku [[Ubufaransa]] mu 1960. Kuva mu 2023, iyobowe n'abasirikare. == Imiterere == Nigeri ihana imbibi na [[Aligeriya]] mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba. Mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba, ihana imbibi na [[Libiya]]. Mu burasirazuba, ihana imbibi na [[Cade]]. Mu majyepfo, ihana imbibi na [[Nijeriya]] na [[Bene]]. Mu burengerazuba, ihana imbibi na [[Burukina Faso]] na [[Mali]].<ref name="britannica">{{Cite web |title=Niger |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Niger |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |language=en |access-date=2026-11-03}}</ref> Nigeri ifite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 1 267 000.<ref name="facts">{{Cite web |title=Niger: Quick Facts |url=https://www.britannica.com/facts/Niger |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |language=en |access-date=2026-11-03}}</ref> Uruzi rwa Nigeri runyura mu majyepfo y'uburengerazuba bw'igihugu. Izina Nigeri rikomoka ku magambo yo mu rurimi rw'Igitamashek, asobanura « uruzi mu zindi nzuzi ».<ref name="britannica" /> Igihugu kigabanyijemo uturere dutatu. Mu majyaruguru ni ubutayu. Hagati, aborozi bimuka borora inka. Mu majyepfo, imvura iragwa kurushaho.<ref name="britannica" /> == Amateka == Nigeri yabonye ubwigenge ku Bufaransa ku wa 3 Kanama 1960. Hamani Diori yabaye perezida wa mbere, kuva mu 1960 kugeza mu 1974.<ref name="diori">{{Cite web |title=Hamani Diori |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Hamani-Diori |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |language=en |access-date=2026-11-03}}</ref> Ku wa 26 Nyakanga 2023, Perezida Mohamed Bazoum yakuwe ku butegetsi n'abasirikare. Abasirikare bahagaritse itegeko nshinga. Jenerali Abdourahamane Tchiani yabaye umuyobozi w'inama ya gisirikare. Ku wa 26 Werurwe 2025, Tchiani yarahiriye kuba perezida w'igihe cy'inzibacyuho cy'imyaka itanu.<ref name="facts" /> == Politiki == Nigeri iyobowe na guverinoma ya gisirikare y'inzibacyuho. Perezida ni Jenerali Abdourahamane Tchiani. Minisitiri w'Intebe ni Ali Mahaman Lamine Zène.<ref name="facts" /> == Abaturage == Mu mwaka wa 2026, Nigeri yari ifite abaturage bagera kuri 29 312 000 (ikigereranyo).<ref name="facts" /> Abahawusa ni bo bwoko bunini bushingiye ku rurimi.<ref name="britannica" /> Mu 2025, Igihawusa cyagizwe ururimi rw'igihugu. Icyongereza n'Igifaransa byagizwe indimi z'akazi.<ref name="facts" /> == Ubukungu == Nigeri ifite ubutare bwa uranium. Kubera ivumburwa rya uranium, umujyi wa Agadez warakuze cyane.<ref name="britannica" /> Ifaranga rikoreshwa ni Ifaranga rya CFA.<ref name="facts" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Niger|Amafoto ya Nigeri]] kuri Wikimedia Commons {{Afurika}} [[Ikiciro:Nigeri| ]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Ibihugu]] p6mkjh37j5cocr5c0886nteu99i9s8g 0 3912 148731 102763 2026-11-03T14:01:43Z Score Beethoven 11559 148731 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox igihugu | common_name = Sawo Tome na Purensipe | conventional_long_name = Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Sawo Tome na Purensipe | native_name = República Democrática de São Tomé e Príncipe | image_flag = Flag of São Tomé and Príncipe.svg | image_coat = Coat of arms of São Tomé and Príncipe.svg | image_map = São Tomé and Príncipe (orthographic projection).svg | capital = São Tomé | official_languages = [[Igiporutigali]] | leader_title1 = Perezida | leader_name1 = [[Carlos Vila Nova]] | leader_title2 = Minisitiri w'Intebe | leader_name2 = Américo d'Oliveira Ramos | sovereignty_type = Ubwigenge | established_event1 = Itangazwa ry'ubwigenge | established_date1 = 1975 | area_km2 = 1001 | population_estimate = 213 900 | population_estimate_year = 2026 | currency = Dobra | iso3166code = omit }} '''Sawo Tome na Purensipe''' (izina ryemewe: Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Sawo Tome na Purensipe; mu [[Igiporutigali]]: ''São Tomé e Príncipe'') ni igihugu kigizwe n'ibirwa muri [[Afurika]] yo Hagati. Kiri ku Ekwateri, mu Kigobe cya Gineya. Umurwa mukuru ni São Tomé. Igihugu kigizwe n'ibirwa bibiri binini, São Tomé na Príncipe. Cyabonye ubwigenge mu 1975. Ubukungu bwacyo bushingiye cyane ku buhinzi bwa kakawo. == Imiterere == [[File:Cascade de São Nicolau (São Tomé-et-Principe) (3).jpg|thumb|left|Isumo rya São Nicolau ku kirwa cya São Tomé]] Sawo Tome na Purensipe igizwe n'ibirwa bibiri binini: São Tomé na Príncipe. Hari kandi ibirwa bito by'amabuye, birimo Rôlas, Caroço, Pedras na Tinhosas.<ref name="britannica">{{Cite web |title=Sao Tome and Principe |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Sao-Tome-and-Principe |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |language=en |access-date=2026-11-03}}</ref> São Tomé ni cyo kirwa kinini. Príncipe iri nko ku birometero 145 mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba bwa São Tomé. Umurwa mukuru uri mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba bw'ikirwa cya São Tomé. Ibihugu biri hafi kurusha ibindi ni [[Gabon]] na [[Gineya Ekwatoriyale]].<ref name="britannica" /> Igihugu gifite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 1 001.<ref name="facts">{{Cite web |title=Sao Tome and Principe: Quick Facts |url=https://www.britannica.com/facts/Sao-Tome-and-Principe |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |language=en |access-date=2026-11-03}}</ref> Ubutaka bwaho bukomoka ku birunga kandi burarumbuka.<ref name="britannica" /> == Amateka == Igihugu cyabonye ubwigenge mu 1975. Nyuma y'imyaka myinshi y'ubukoloni budateza imbere, ubukungu bwahungabanye nyuma y'ubwigenge. Kuva hagati mu myaka ya 1980, igihugu cyagerageje kuzahura ubukungu gifashijwe n'Ikigega Mpuzamahanga cy'Imari na Banki y'Isi.<ref name="britannica" /> == Politiki == Sawo Tome na Purensipe ni repubulika ifite amashyaka menshi. Inteko ishinga amategeko ifite umutwe umwe. Perezida ni Carlos Vila Nova. Minisitiri w'Intebe ni Américo d'Oliveira Ramos.<ref name="facts" /> == Abaturage == Mu mwaka wa 2026, igihugu cyari gifite abaturage bagera kuri 213 900 (ikigereranyo).<ref name="facts" /> Abaturage benshi ni Abaforro. Bakomoka ku Banyaburayi bimukiyeyo no ku Banyafurika bari abacakara. Igiporutigali ni rwo rurimi rwemewe. Hafi y'abaturage bose bararwumva.<ref name="britannica" /> == Ubukungu == Ubukungu bushingiye ku buhinzi bwo mu mirima minini, cyane cyane kakawo. Hafi bibiri bya gatanu by'ubutaka bwose birahingwa. Ibiti bya kakawo bifata hafi bibiri bya gatatu by'ubutaka buhingwa. Imikindo ya kokonati ifata igice kinini gisigaye.<ref name="britannica" /> Ifaranga rikoreshwa ni Dobra.<ref name="facts" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:São Tomé and Príncipe|Amafoto ya Sawo Tome na Purensipe]] kuri Wikimedia Commons {{Afurika}} [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Ibihugu]] k8ncj2jz7y13n70wyjqcbubbploz68h 0 3919 148733 102768 2026-11-03T14:14:47Z Score Beethoven 11559 148733 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox igihugu | common_name = Seyishele | conventional_long_name = Repubulika ya Seyishele | native_name = Repiblik Sesel<br />République des Seychelles<br />Republic of Seychelles | image_flag = Flag of the Seychelles.svg | image_coat = Coat of Arms of the Republic of Seychelles.svg | image_map = Seychelles (orthographic projection).svg | capital = Victoria | languages_type = Indimi z'igihugu | languages = Igikerewole, [[Icyongereza]] n'[[Igifaransa]] | leader_title1 = Perezida | leader_name1 = [[Patrick Herminie]] | sovereignty_type = Ubwigenge | established_event1 = Ku [[Ubwongereza]] | established_date1 = 1976 | area_km2 = 446 | population_estimate = 123 700 | population_estimate_year = 2026 | currency = Rupi ya Seyishele | iso3166code = omit }} '''Seyishele''' (izina ryemewe: Repubulika ya Seyishele; mu Gikerewole: ''Repiblik Sesel''; mu [[Igifaransa]]: ''République des Seychelles''; mu [[Icyongereza]]: ''Republic of Seychelles'') ni igihugu kigizwe n'ibirwa mu burengerazuba bw'Inyanja y'Abahinde. Kigizwe n'ibirwa bigera ku 115. Umurwa mukuru ni Victoria, ku kirwa cya Mahé. Seyishele ni kimwe mu bihugu bito kurusha ibindi ku isi. Yabonye ubwigenge mu 1976. Ubukungu bwayo bushingiye cyane ku bukerarugendo. Perezida wa Seyishele ni [[Patrick Herminie]]. == Imiterere == [[File:Fishing in Seychelles.jpg|thumb|left|Uburobyi muri Seyishele]] Ibirwa binini bya Seyishele biri nko ku birometero 1 600 mu burasirazuba bwa [[Kenya]]. Biri kandi nko ku birometero 1 100 mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba bwa [[Madagasikari]].<ref name="britannica">{{Cite web |title=Seychelles |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Seychelles |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |language=en |access-date=2026-11-03}}</ref> Seyishele ifite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 446.<ref name="facts">{{Cite web |title=Seychelles: Quick Facts |url=https://www.britannica.com/facts/Seychelles |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |language=en |access-date=2026-11-03}}</ref> Ibirwa bigabanyijemo amatsinda abiri. Itsinda rya Mahé rigizwe n'ibirwa birenga 40 by'imisozi n'amabuye ya granite. Irindi tsinda rigizwe n'ibirwa birenga 70 bishashe by'amabuye ya korali.<ref name="britannica" /> Umusozi muremure kurusha iyindi ni Morne Seychellois. Ufite ubutumburuke bwa metero 905. Uri ku kirwa cya Mahé.<ref name="britannica" /> == Amateka == Ibirwa byahoze bitagira abantu. Abakoloni ba mbere bari Abafaransa. Intambara hagati y'Ubufaransa n'Ubwongereza yatumye ibirwa bishyikirizwa Abongereza mu 1810. Mu 1814, Amasezerano ya Paris yabihaye Ubwongereza ku mugaragaro.<ref name="history">{{Cite web |title=Seychelles – History |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Seychelles/History |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |language=en |access-date=2026-11-03}}</ref> Mu 1975, Seyishele yahawe kwiyobora. Yabonye ubwigenge mu 1976, iri mu Muryango w'Ibihugu bya Commonwealth. James Mancham yabaye perezida wa mbere.<ref name="history" /> == Politiki == Seyishele ni repubulika ifite amashyaka menshi. Inteko ishinga amategeko ifite umutwe umwe. Perezida ni Patrick Herminie.<ref name="facts" /> == Abaturage == Mu mwaka wa 2026, Seyishele yari ifite abaturage bagera kuri 123 700 (ikigereranyo).<ref name="facts" /> Abaturage benshi bavanze inkomoko. Igikerewole (Seselwa) ni ururimi kavukire rw'abaturage benshi. Itegeko nshinga ryemera Igikerewole, Icyongereza n'Igifaransa nk'indimi z'igihugu. Abarenga bitatu bya kane by'abaturage ni Abagatolika.<ref name="britannica" /> == Ubukungu == Ubukungu bwa Seyishele bushingiye cyane kuri serivisi, by'umwihariko [[ubukerarugendo]].<ref name="britannica" /> Ifaranga rikoreshwa ni Rupi ya Seyishele.<ref name="facts" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Seychelles|Amafoto ya Seyishele]] kuri Wikimedia Commons {{Afurika}} [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Ibihugu]] ekyo4328gxuj99s7y1fbt6nuetm5mea 0 3928 148735 102783 2026-11-03T14:19:32Z Score Beethoven 11559 148735 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox igihugu | common_name = Siyera Lewone | conventional_long_name = Repubulika ya Siyera Lewone | native_name = Republic of Sierra Leone | image_flag = Flag of Sierra Leone.svg | image_coat = Coat of arms of Sierra Leone.svg | image_map = Sierra Leone (orthographic projection).svg | capital = Freetown | official_languages = [[Icyongereza]] | leader_title1 = Perezida | leader_name1 = [[Julius Maada Bio]] | sovereignty_type = Ubwigenge | established_event1 = Ku [[Ubwongereza]] | established_date1 = 1961 | area_km2 = 72929 | population_estimate = 7 914 000 | population_estimate_year = 2026 | currency = Leone | iso3166code = omit }} '''Siyera Lewone''' (izina ryemewe: Repubulika ya Siyera Lewone; mu [[Icyongereza]]: ''Republic of Sierra Leone'') ni igihugu cyo muri [[Afurika]] y'Iburengerazuba. Umurwa mukuru ni Freetown. Ururimi rwemewe ni Icyongereza. Siyera Lewone yabonye ubwigenge mu 1961. Kuva mu 1991 kugeza mu 2002, habaye intambara y'abenegihugu ikomeye. Perezida wa Siyera Lewone ni [[Julius Maada Bio]]. == Imiterere == [[File:Sierra Leone rice farming.jpg|thumb|left|Ubuhinzi bw'umuceri muri Siyera Lewone]] Siyera Lewone ihana imbibi na [[Gineya]] mu majyaruguru no mu burasirazuba. Mu majyepfo, ihana imbibi na [[Liberiya]]. Mu burengerazuba, ikora ku Nyanja ya Atalantika.<ref name="britannica">{{Cite web |title=Sierra Leone |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Sierra-Leone |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |language=en |access-date=2026-11-03}}</ref> Siyera Lewone ifite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 72 929.<ref name="facts">{{Cite web |title=Sierra Leone: Quick Facts |url=https://www.britannica.com/facts/Sierra-Leone |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |language=en |access-date=2026-11-03}}</ref> Igihugu kigabanyijemo uturere tune: ibishanga byo ku nkombe, umwigimbakirwa wa Siyera Lewone, ibibaya byo imbere mu gihugu, n'ikibaya cyo hejuru n'imisozi. Umusozi muremure kurusha iyindi ni Loma Mansa (Bintimani). Ufite ubutumburuke bwa metero 1 948.<ref name="britannica" /> Freetown ifite kimwe mu byambu kamere binini ku isi.<ref name="britannica" /> == Amateka == Izina ry'igihugu rikomoka ku mushakashatsi w'Umunyaporutugali Pedro de Sintra, wo mu kinyejana cya 15. Ni we Munyaburayi wa mbere wabonye icyambu cya Freetown. Izina ry'Igiporutigali ''Serra Lyoa'' risobanura « Imisozi y'Intare ».<ref name="britannica" /> Mu 1959, Milton Margai yayoboye ibiganiro i Londres byo gusaba ubwigenge. Ubwigenge bwatanzwe mu 1961.<ref name="margai">{{Cite web |title=Sir Milton Margai |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Milton-Margai |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |language=en |access-date=2026-11-03}}</ref> Kuva mu mpera z'imyaka ya 1980, amakimbirane y'imbere yashegeshe igihugu. Byavuyemo intambara y'abenegihugu ikaze kuva mu 1991 kugeza mu 2002. Nyuma y'intambara, guverinoma yatangiye kongera kubaka igihugu no guteza imbere ubwiyunge.<ref name="britannica" /> == Politiki == Siyera Lewone ni repubulika. Inteko ishinga amategeko ifite umutwe umwe. Perezida ni Julius Maada Bio.<ref name="facts" /> == Abaturage == Mu mwaka wa 2026, Siyera Lewone yari ifite abaturage bagera kuri 7 914 000 (ikigereranyo). Ururimi rwemewe ni Icyongereza.<ref name="facts" /> == Ubukungu == Abaturage benshi batunzwe n'[[ubuhinzi]] bwo kwitunga. Siyera Lewone ni kandi igihugu gicukura amabuye y'agaciro. Ubutaka bwayo burimo diyama, zahabu, bokisite na rutile.<ref name="britannica" /> Ifaranga rikoreshwa ni Leone.<ref name="facts" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Sierra Leone|Amafoto ya Siyera Lewone]] kuri Wikimedia Commons {{Afurika}} [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Ibihugu]] 95m0h33arh1opgkly7annl7cw06nzl1 0 3929 148734 118820 2026-11-03T14:17:26Z Score Beethoven 11559 148734 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox igihugu | common_name = Somaliya | conventional_long_name = Repubulika ya Leta Zunze Ubumwe ya Somaliya | native_name = Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka ee Soomaaliya<br />جمهورية الصومال الفيدرالية | image_flag = Flag of Somalia.svg | image_coat = Coat of arms of Somalia.svg | image_map = Somalia (orthographic projection)-Blue version.svg | capital = [[Mogadishu]] | official_languages = Igisomali n'[[Icyarabu]] | leader_title1 = Perezida | leader_name1 = [[Hassan Sheikh Mohamud]] | leader_title2 = Minisitiri w'Intebe | leader_name2 = Hamza Abdi Barre | sovereignty_type = Ishingwa | established_event1 = Repubulika ya Somaliya | established_date1 = 1960 | area_km2 = 637657 | population_estimate = 22 326 000 | population_estimate_year = 2026 | currency = Ishilingi rya Somaliya | iso3166code = omit }} '''Somaliya''' (izina ryemewe: Repubulika ya Leta Zunze Ubumwe ya Somaliya; mu Gisomali: ''Soomaaliya''; mu [[Icyarabu]]: ''الصومال'') ni igihugu cyo mu burasirazuba bwa kure bwa [[Afurika]], mu Ihembe rya Afurika. Umurwa mukuru ni [[Mogadishu]]. Indimi zemewe ni Igisomali n'Icyarabu. Repubulika ya Somaliya yashinzwe mu 1960. Kuva mu 1991, igihugu cyagize intambara n'ibibazo by'ubutegetsi. Perezida wa Somaliya ni [[Hassan Sheikh Mohamud]]. == Imiterere == [[File:Mogadishu2017.jpg|thumb|left|Umujyi wa Mogadishu mu 2017]] Somaliya ikora ku Kigobe cya Aden mu majyaruguru. Mu burasirazuba, ikora ku Nyanja y'Abahinde. Mu burengerazuba, ihana imbibi na [[Kenya]] na [[Etiyopiya]]. Mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba, ihana imbibi na [[Jibuti]].<ref name="britannica">{{Cite web |title=Somalia |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Somalia |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |language=en |access-date=2026-11-03}}</ref> Somaliya ifite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 637 657.<ref name="facts">{{Cite web |title=Somalia: Quick Facts |url=https://www.britannica.com/facts/Somalia |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |language=en |access-date=2026-11-03}}</ref> Ikirere ahanini kirumye kandi gishyushye. Uretse akarere k'imisozi ko ku nkombe y'amajyaruguru n'ibibaya by'inzuzi, igice kinini cy'igihugu kirashashe cyane.<ref name="britannica" /> Umupaka w'iburengerazuba washyizweho n'abakoloni. Ugabanya ubutaka abasomali bari batuyeho kuva kera. Ni yo mpamvu abasomali baboneka no muri Jibuti, Etiyopiya na Kenya.<ref name="britannica" /> == Amateka == Repubulika ya Somaliya yashinzwe mu 1960. Yavutse ku kwihuza kwa koloni yahoze ari iy'[[Ubutaliyani]] n'ubutaka bwari burinzwe n'[[Ubwongereza]].<ref name="britannica" /> Mohamed Siad Barre yategetse igihugu nk'umunyagitugu kuva mu Kwakira 1969 kugeza mu Mutarama 1991. Yahiritswe n'intambara y'abenegihugu yarwanywe n'inyeshyamba zishingiye ku moko. Nyuma yaho, intambara yarakomeje, kandi igihugu nticyagira guverinoma ikomeye.<ref name="britannica" /> Mu 1991, mu majyaruguru hatangajwe Repubulika ya Somaliland yigenga. Mu 1998, akarere ka Puntland kiyise akarere kigenga ka Somaliya.<ref name="britannica" /> == Politiki == Somaliya ni repubulika ya leta zunze ubumwe. Inteko ishinga amategeko ifite imitwe ibiri. Perezida ni Hassan Sheikh Mohamud. Minisitiri w'Intebe ni Hamza Abdi Barre.<ref name="facts" /> == Abaturage == Mu mwaka wa 2026, Somaliya yari ifite abaturage bagera kuri 22 326 000 (ikigereranyo). Indimi zemewe ni Igisomali n'Icyarabu. Idini rya Leta ni [[Islamu]].<ref name="facts" /> Abasomali ni Abayisilamu bashingiye ku miryango. Hafi bitatu bya gatanu byabo babaho bimuka, borora amatungo.<ref name="britannica" /> == Ubukungu == Intambara zimaze imyaka myinshi zasenye ubukungu bwa Somaliya.<ref name="britannica" /> Ifaranga rikoreshwa ni Ishilingi rya Somaliya.<ref name="facts" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Somalia|Amafoto ya Somaliya]] kuri Wikimedia Commons {{Afurika}} [[Ikiciro:Somaliya| ]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Ibihugu]] 1wgp6gxec9wjgovhf4asos2seq5int2 0 3930 148736 102787 2026-11-03T14:21:08Z Score Beethoven 11559 148736 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox igihugu | common_name = Sudani | conventional_long_name = Repubulika ya Sudani | native_name = جمهورية السودان | image_flag = Flag of Sudan.svg | image_coat = Emblem of Sudan.svg | image_map = Sudan (orthographic projection).svg | capital = Khartoum | official_languages = [[Icyarabu]] n'[[Icyongereza]] | leader_title1 = Perezida | leader_name1 = [[Abdel Fattah al-Burhan]] | leader_title2 = Minisitiri w'Intebe | leader_name2 = Kamil Idris | sovereignty_type = Ubwigenge | established_event1 = Itangazwa ry'ubwigenge | established_date1 = 1956 | area_km2 = 1840687 | population_estimate = 50 272 000 | population_estimate_year = 2026 | currency = Pawundi ya Sudani | iso3166code = omit }} '''Sudani''' (izina ryemewe: Repubulika ya Sudani; mu [[Icyarabu]]: ''السودان''; mu [[Icyongereza]]: ''Republic of the Sudan'') ni igihugu cyo mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba bwa [[Afurika]]. Umurwa mukuru ni Khartoum. Indimi zemewe ni Icyarabu n'Icyongereza. Sudani yabonye ubwigenge mu 1956. Mu 2011, [[Sudani y’Amajyepfo]] yitandukanyije na yo. Kuva mu 2023, igihugu kiri mu ntambara hagati y'ingabo n'umutwe wa RSF. == Imiterere == [[File:Sudan Meroe Pyramids 2001.JPG|thumb|left|Piramide za Meroe]] Sudani ihana imbibi na [[Misiri]] mu majyaruguru. Mu burasirazuba, ikora ku Nyanja Itukura, ikanahana imbibi na [[Eritereya]] na [[Etiyopiya]]. Mu majyepfo, ihana imbibi na Sudani y'Amajyepfo. Mu burengerazuba, ihana imbibi na [[Repubulika ya Santara Afurika]] na [[Cade]]. Mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba, ihana imbibi na [[Libiya]].<ref name="britannica">{{Cite web |title=Sudan |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Sudan |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |language=en |access-date=2026-11-03}}</ref> Sudani ifite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 1 840 687.<ref name="facts">{{Cite web |title=Sudan: Quick Facts |url=https://www.britannica.com/facts/Sudan |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |language=en |access-date=2026-11-03}}</ref> Umurwa mukuru Khartoum uri hafi hagati mu gihugu. Uri aho Nili y'Ubururu na Nili Yera bihurira.<ref name="britannica" /> == Amateka == Izina Sudani rikomoka ku magambo y'Icyarabu ''bilād al-sūdān'' asobanura « igihugu cy'abirabura ». Abahanga mu bumenyi bw'isi b'Abarabu bo mu Gihe cyo Hagati barikoreshaga ku bihugu byo ku nkengero z'amajyepfo za Sahara.<ref name="britannica" /> Sudani yabonye ubwigenge mu 1956. Kuva icyo gihe, ubutegetsi bwahindutse kenshi.<ref name="britannica" /> Ku wa 9 Nyakanga 2011, Sudani y'Amajyepfo yabaye igihugu cyigenga. Mbere y'icyo gihe, Sudani yari igihugu kinini kurusha ibindi muri Afurika.<ref name="britannica" /> Mu 2023, ubushyamirane hagati y'abayobozi b'ingabo z'igihugu n'umutwe witwara gisirikare wa RSF (''Rapid Support Forces'') bwavuyemo intambara. Mu Kuboza 2024, umuryango IRC watangaje ko ari cyo kibazo cy'ubutabazi kinini kurusha ibindi cyigeze kwandikwa.<ref name="britannica" /> == Politiki == Sudani iyobowe na guverinoma y'inzibacyuho. Perezida ni Jenerali Abdel Fattah al-Burhan. Minisitiri w'Intebe ni Kamil Idris.<ref name="facts" /> == Abaturage == Mu mwaka wa 2026, Sudani yari ifite abaturage bagera kuri 50 272 000 (ikigereranyo). Indimi zemewe ni Icyarabu n'Icyongereza.<ref name="facts" /> == Ubukungu == Khartoum ni ihuriro ry'ubucuruzi n'ubutegetsi.<ref name="britannica" /> Ifaranga rikoreshwa ni Pawundi ya Sudani.<ref name="facts" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Sudan|Amafoto ya Sudani]] kuri Wikimedia Commons {{Afurika}} [[Ikiciro:Sudani| ]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Ibihugu]] 5coizhqykrw654f3icebiib2y0s649f 0 3934 148804 74052 2026-11-03T16:23:57Z Score Beethoven 11559 148804 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox igihugu | common_name = Eswatini | conventional_long_name = Ubwami bwa Eswatini | native_name = Umbuso weSwatini | image_flag = Flag of Eswatini.svg | image_coat = Coat of arms of Eswatini.svg | image_map = LocationEswatini.svg | capital = Mbabane, Lobamba | official_languages = Igiswati, Icyongereza | leader_title1 = Umwami | leader_name1 = Mswati III | sovereignty_type = Ubwigenge | established_event1 = Ku Bwongereza | established_date1 = 6 Nzeri 1968 | area_km2 = 17364 | population_estimate = 1 242 822 | population_estimate_year = 2024 | currency = Lilangeni | currency_code = SZL | calling_code = +268 | iso3166code = omit }} '''Eswatini''' (mu Giswati: ''eSwatini''; mbere yitwaga ''Swaziland'') ni igihugu cyo mu majyepfo ya [[Afurika]]. Eswatini ntikora ku nyanja. Ihana imbibi na [[Afurika y’Epfo]] na [[Mozambike]]. Umurwa mukuru wayo ni Mbabane. Eswatini ni ubwami. Umwami wayo ni Mswati III. Eswatini yabonye ubwigenge mu 1968. Mbere, yarindwaga n'[[Ubwongereza]]. == Imiterere == [[File:Zabras in Mlilwane Wildlife Sanctuary.jpg|thumb|left|Imparage muri pariki ya Mlilwane]] Eswatini ntikora ku nyanja. Mu majyaruguru, mu burengerazuba no mu majyepfo, ihana imbibi na Afurika y’Epfo. Mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba, ihana imbibi na Mozambike.<ref name="worldatlas">{{Cite web |title=Eswatini Maps & Facts |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/maps/eswatini |website=WorldAtlas |language=en |access-date=2026-11-03}}</ref> Eswatini ifite uturere tune tw'imiterere. Highveld iri mu burengerazuba. Ifite ubutumburuke bwa metero 1 200. Umurwa mukuru Mbabane uri muri iki gice. Middleveld ifite metero 700. Ni ho hatuwe cyane. Umujyi wa Manzini uri muri iki gice. Lowveld ifite metero 250. Ifite ibyatsi n'ibiti by'amahwa.<ref name="worldatlas" /> Eswatini igabanyijemo intara enye: Hhohho, Lubombo, Manzini na Shiselweni.<ref name="worldatlas" /> == Amateka == Kuva mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 20, Eswatini yarindwaga n'Ubwongereza. Yabonye ubwigenge bwuzuye mu 1968.<ref name="aj">{{Cite web |title=Swaziland king changes country’s name to Kingdom of Eswatini |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2018/04/swaziland-king-country-kingdom-eswatini-180419171456858.html |website=Al Jazeera |date=2018-04-19 |language=en |access-date=2026-11-03}}</ref> Itariki y'ubwigenge ni 6 Nzeri 1968.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Swaziland’s King Mswati III changes country’s name to Eswatini on birthday |url=https://face2faceafrica.com/?p=61298 |website=Face2Face Africa |date=2018-04-19 |language=en |access-date=2026-11-03}}</ref> Mswati III yabaye umwami mu 1986. Icyo gihe yari afite imyaka 18.<ref name="aj" /> Ku wa 19 Mata 2018, Umwami Mswati III yatangaje ko igihugu cyitwa Eswatini. Mbere cyitwaga Swaziland. Iri zina rishya ryemejwe mu igazeti ya Leta muri Gicurasi 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Swaziland name change to eSwatini is now official |url=https://www.africanews.com/2018/05/19/swaziland-name-change-to-eswatini-is-now-official/ |website=Africanews |date=2018-05-19 |language=en |access-date=2026-11-03}}</ref> == Abaturage == Mu mwaka wa 2024, Eswatini yari ifite abaturage bagera kuri 1 242 822.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Population, total – Eswatini |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL?locations=SZ |website=World Bank |language=en |access-date=2026-11-03}}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Eswatini|Amafoto ya Eswatini]] kuri Wikimedia Commons {{Afurika}} [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Ibihugu]] 0ru5cah4lot0xism38pjie9hin90e6v 148806 148804 2026-11-03T16:37:08Z Score Beethoven 11559 148806 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox igihugu | common_name = Eswatini | conventional_long_name = Ubwami bwa Eswatini | native_name = Umbuso weSwatini | image_flag = Flag of Eswatini.svg | image_coat = Coat of arms of Eswatini.svg | image_map = LocationEswatini.svg | capital = Mbabane, Lobamba | official_languages = Igiswati, Icyongereza | leader_title1 = Umwami | leader_name1 = Mswati III | sovereignty_type = Ubwigenge | established_event1 = Ku Bwongereza | established_date1 = 6 Nzeri 1968 | area_km2 = 17364 | population_estimate = 1 242 822 | population_estimate_year = 2024 | currency = Lilangeni | currency_code = SZL | calling_code = +268 | iso3166code = omit }} '''Eswatini''' (mu Giswati: ''eSwatini''; mbere yitwaga ''Swaziland'') ni igihugu cyo mu majyepfo ya [[Afurika]]. Eswatini ntikora ku nyanja. Ihana imbibi na [[Afurika y’Epfo]] na [[Mozambike]]. Umurwa mukuru wayo ni Mbabane. Eswatini ni ubwami. Umwami wayo ni Mswati III. Eswatini yabonye ubwigenge mu 1968. Mbere, yarindwaga n'[[Ubwongereza]]. == Imiterere == [[File:Zabras in Mlilwane Wildlife Sanctuary.jpg|thumb|left|Imparage muri pariki ya Mlilwane]] Eswatini ntikora ku nyanja. Mu majyaruguru, mu burengerazuba no mu majyepfo, ihana imbibi na Afurika y’Epfo. Mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba, ihana imbibi na Mozambike.<ref name="worldatlas">{{Cite web |title=Eswatini Maps & Facts |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/maps/eswatini |website=WorldAtlas |language=en |access-date=2026-11-03}}</ref> Eswatini ifite uturere dutatu tw'imiterere. Highveld iri mu burengerazuba. Ifite ubutumburuke bwa metero 1 200. Umurwa mukuru Mbabane uri muri iki gice. Middleveld ifite metero 700. Ni ho hatuwe cyane. Umujyi wa Manzini uri muri iki gice. Lowveld ifite metero 250. Ifite ibyatsi n'ibiti by'amahwa.<ref name="worldatlas" /> Eswatini igabanyijemo intara enye: Hhohho, Lubombo, Manzini na Shiselweni.<ref name="worldatlas" /> == Amateka == Kuva mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 20, Eswatini yarindwaga n'Ubwongereza. Yabonye ubwigenge bwuzuye mu 1968.<ref name="aj">{{Cite web |title=Swaziland king changes country’s name to Kingdom of Eswatini |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2018/04/swaziland-king-country-kingdom-eswatini-180419171456858.html |website=Al Jazeera |date=2018-04-19 |language=en |access-date=2026-11-03}}</ref> Itariki y'ubwigenge ni 6 Nzeri 1968.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Swaziland’s King Mswati III changes country’s name to Eswatini on birthday |url=https://face2faceafrica.com/?p=61298 |website=Face2Face Africa |date=2018-04-19 |language=en |access-date=2026-11-03}}</ref> Mswati III yabaye umwami mu 1986. Icyo gihe yari afite imyaka 18.<ref name="aj" /> Ku wa 19 Mata 2018, Umwami Mswati III yatangaje ko igihugu cyitwa Eswatini. Mbere cyitwaga Swaziland. Iri zina rishya ryemejwe mu igazeti ya Leta muri Gicurasi 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Swaziland name change to eSwatini is now official |url=https://www.africanews.com/2018/05/19/swaziland-name-change-to-eswatini-is-now-official/ |website=Africanews |date=2018-05-19 |language=en |access-date=2026-11-03}}</ref> == Abaturage == Mu mwaka wa 2024, Eswatini yari ifite abaturage bagera kuri 1 242 822.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Population, total – Eswatini |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL?locations=SZ |website=World Bank |language=en |access-date=2026-11-03}}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Eswatini|Amafoto ya Eswatini]] kuri Wikimedia Commons {{Afurika}} [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Ibihugu]] kooqyehry6cjxtj0zgwz577pm2rad5z 0 3942 148742 141246 2026-11-03T14:40:15Z Score Beethoven 11559 148742 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox igihugu | common_name = Togo | conventional_long_name = Repubulika ya Togo | native_name = République togolaise | image_flag = Flag of Togo (3-2).svg | image_coat = Coat of arms of Togo.svg | image_map = Togo (orthographic projection).svg | capital = Lomé | official_languages = [[Igifaransa]] | leader_title1 = Perezida w'Inama y'Abaminisitiri | leader_name1 = Faure Gnassingbé | leader_title2 = Perezida wa Repubulika | leader_name2 = Jean-Lucien Savi de Tové | sovereignty_type = Ubwigenge | established_event1 = Itangazwa ry'ubwigenge | established_date1 = 1960 | area_km2 = 56600 | population_estimate = 8 782 000 | population_estimate_year = 2026 | currency = Ifaranga rya CFA | iso3166code = omit }} '''Togo''' (izina ryemewe: Repubulika ya Togo; mu [[Igifaransa]]: ''République togolaise'') ni igihugu cyo muri [[Afurika]] y'Iburengerazuba. Umurwa mukuru ni Lomé. Ni wo mujyi munini kandi ni cyo cyambu kinini cy'igihugu. Togo yabonye ubwigenge mu 1960. Ubukungu bwayo bushingiye cyane ku buhinzi. Igihugu gifite kandi ubutare bwinshi bwa fosifate. == Imiterere == [[File:Monument of independence Lomé 1968.jpg|thumb|left|Urwibutso rw'ubwigenge i Lomé mu 1968]] Togo ifite inkombe ya kilometero 51 ku Kigobe cya Gineya. Kuva ku nkombe, igihugu kirambuka kigana mu majyaruguru ku birometero bigera kuri 515. Kiri hagati ya [[Gana]] mu burengerazuba na [[Bene]] mu burasirazuba. Mu majyaruguru, gihana imbibi na [[Burukina Faso]].<ref name="britannica">{{Cite web |title=Togo |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Togo |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |language=en |access-date=2026-11-03}}</ref> Togo ifite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 56 600.<ref name="facts">{{Cite web |title=Togo: Quick Facts |url=https://www.britannica.com/facts/Togo |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |language=en |access-date=2026-11-03}}</ref> Igihugu kigizwe n'uturere dutandatu tw'imiterere y'ubutaka.<ref name="britannica" /> == Amateka == Mbere ya 1884, ubutaka bwa Togo bwari hagati y'ubwami bwa Asante n'ubwa Dahomey. Mu 1884, bwabaye igice cy'ubutaka bwari burinzwe n'[[Ubudage]] bwitwaga Togoland. Mu 1914, ingabo z'Abongereza n'iz'Abafaransa zarabwigaruriye. Mu 1922, Umuryango w'Ibihugu wahaye Ubufaransa igice cy'iburasirazuba, naho Ubwongereza buhabwa icy'iburengerazuba.<ref name="britannica" /> Togoland y'Abongereza yaje kwomekwa kuri Gold Coast. Togo y'Abafaransa yabaye repubulika yigenga mu Muryango w'Abafaransa. Togo yabonye ubwigenge mu 1960.<ref name="britannica" /> == Politiki == Togo ni repubulika ifite amashyaka menshi. Inteko ishinga amategeko ifite imitwe ibiri. Faure Gnassingbé ni Perezida w'Inama y'Abaminisitiri, akaba umukuru wa guverinoma. Jean-Lucien Savi de Tové ni Perezida wa Repubulika.<ref name="facts" /> == Umutekano == Kuva ku wa 11 Nzeri 2018, Togo ifite igikorwa cya gisirikare cyitwa [[Opération Koundjoaré]] mu Ntara ya Savanes, mu majyaruguru y'igihugu, kigamije kurwanya imitwe y'iterabwoba ituruka muri Sahel.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Le bouclier du Togo face au terrorisme |url=https://www.republicoftogo.com/toutes-les-rubriques/politique/le-bouclier-du-togo-face-au-terrorisme |website=République togolaise |date=2025-01-14 |language=fr}}</ref> == Abaturage == Mu mwaka wa 2026, Togo yari ifite abaturage bagera kuri 8 782 000 (ikigereranyo). Ururimi rwemewe ni Igifaransa.<ref name="facts" /> == Ubukungu == Ubukungu bwa Togo bushingiye cyane ku buhinzi. Ubutare bwinshi bwa fosifate na bwo bufite agaciro gakomeye.<ref name="britannica" /> Ifaranga rikoreshwa ni Ifaranga rya CFA.<ref name="facts" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Togo|Amafoto ya Togo]] kuri Wikimedia Commons {{Afurika}} [[Ikiciro:Togo| ]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Ibihugu]] ebx8ezf9fa62xldri1g9g10cx6o6k8q 148747 148742 2026-11-03T14:48:59Z Score Beethoven 11559 148747 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox igihugu | common_name = Togo | conventional_long_name = Repubulika ya Togo | native_name = République togolaise | image_flag = Flag of Togo (3-2).svg | image_coat = Coat of arms of Togo.svg | image_map = Togo (orthographic projection).svg | capital = Lomé | official_languages = [[Igifaransa]] | leader_title1 = Perezida w'Inama y'Abaminisitiri | leader_name1 = Faure Gnassingbé | leader_title2 = Perezida wa Repubulika | leader_name2 = Jean-Lucien Savi de Tové | sovereignty_type = Ubwigenge | established_event1 = Itangazwa ry'ubwigenge | established_date1 = 1960 | area_km2 = 56600 | population_estimate = 8 782 000 | population_estimate_year = 2026 | currency = Ifaranga rya CFA | iso3166code = omit }} '''Togo''' (izina ryemewe: Repubulika ya Togo; mu [[Igifaransa]]: ''République togolaise'') ni igihugu cyo muri [[Afurika]] y'Iburengerazuba. Umurwa mukuru ni Lomé. Ni wo mujyi munini kandi ni cyo cyambu kinini cy'igihugu. Togo yabonye ubwigenge mu 1960. Ubukungu bwayo bushingiye cyane ku buhinzi. Igihugu gifite kandi ubutare bwinshi bwa fosifate. == Imiterere == [[File:Monument of independence Lomé 1968 (straightened).jpg|thumb|left|Urwibutso rw'ubwigenge i Lomé mu 1968]] Togo ifite inkombe ya kilometero 51 ku Kigobe cya Gineya. Kuva ku nkombe, igihugu kirambuka kigana mu majyaruguru ku birometero bigera kuri 515. Kiri hagati ya [[Gana]] mu burengerazuba na [[Bene]] mu burasirazuba. Mu majyaruguru, gihana imbibi na [[Burukina Faso]].<ref name="britannica">{{Cite web |title=Togo |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Togo |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |language=en |access-date=2026-11-03}}</ref> Togo ifite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 56 600.<ref name="facts">{{Cite web |title=Togo: Quick Facts |url=https://www.britannica.com/facts/Togo |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |language=en |access-date=2026-11-03}}</ref> Igihugu kigizwe n'uturere dutandatu tw'imiterere y'ubutaka.<ref name="britannica" /> == Amateka == Mbere ya 1884, ubutaka bwa Togo bwari hagati y'ubwami bwa Asante n'ubwa Dahomey. Mu 1884, bwabaye igice cy'ubutaka bwari burinzwe n'[[Ubudage]] bwitwaga Togoland. Mu 1914, ingabo z'Abongereza n'iz'Abafaransa zarabwigaruriye. Mu 1922, Umuryango w'Ibihugu wahaye Ubufaransa igice cy'iburasirazuba, naho Ubwongereza buhabwa icy'iburengerazuba.<ref name="britannica" /> Togoland y'Abongereza yaje kwomekwa kuri Gold Coast. Togo y'Abafaransa yabaye repubulika yigenga mu Muryango w'Abafaransa. Togo yabonye ubwigenge mu 1960.<ref name="britannica" /> == Politiki == Togo ni repubulika ifite amashyaka menshi. Inteko ishinga amategeko ifite imitwe ibiri. Faure Gnassingbé ni Perezida w'Inama y'Abaminisitiri, akaba umukuru wa guverinoma. Jean-Lucien Savi de Tové ni Perezida wa Repubulika.<ref name="facts" /> == Umutekano == Kuva ku wa 11 Nzeri 2018, Togo ifite igikorwa cya gisirikare cyitwa [[Opération Koundjoaré]] mu Ntara ya Savanes, mu majyaruguru y'igihugu, kigamije kurwanya imitwe y'iterabwoba ituruka muri Sahel.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Le bouclier du Togo face au terrorisme |url=https://www.republicoftogo.com/toutes-les-rubriques/politique/le-bouclier-du-togo-face-au-terrorisme |website=République togolaise |date=2025-01-14 |language=fr}}</ref> == Abaturage == Mu mwaka wa 2026, Togo yari ifite abaturage bagera kuri 8 782 000 (ikigereranyo). Ururimi rwemewe ni Igifaransa.<ref name="facts" /> == Ubukungu == Ubukungu bwa Togo bushingiye cyane ku buhinzi. Ubutare bwinshi bwa fosifate na bwo bufite agaciro gakomeye.<ref name="britannica" /> Ifaranga rikoreshwa ni Ifaranga rya CFA.<ref name="facts" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Togo|Amafoto ya Togo]] kuri Wikimedia Commons {{Afurika}} [[Ikiciro:Togo| ]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Ibihugu]] gkmhd92jx137bli3b14vxq48igra9s5 0 3946 148743 113440 2026-11-03T14:44:37Z Score Beethoven 11559 148743 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox igihugu | common_name = Tunisiya | conventional_long_name = Repubulika ya Tunisiya | native_name = الجمهورية التونسية | image_flag = Flag of Tunisia.svg | image_coat = Coat of arms of Tunisia.svg | image_map = Tunisia (orthographic projection).svg | capital = Tunis | official_languages = [[Icyarabu]] | leader_title1 = Perezida | leader_name1 = Kais Saied | leader_title2 = Minisitiri w'Intebe | leader_name2 = Sara Zaafrani Zenzri | sovereignty_type = Ubwigenge | established_event1 = Ku [[Ubufaransa]] | established_date1 = 1956 | area_km2 = 163610 | population_estimate = 12 135 000 | population_estimate_year = 2026 | currency = Dinari ya Tunisiya | iso3166code = omit }} '''Tunisiya''' cyangwa '''Tuniziya''' (izina ryemewe: Repubulika ya Tunisiya; mu [[Icyarabu]]: ''تونس'') ni igihugu cyo muri [[Afurika]] y'Amajyaruguru. Umurwa mukuru ni Tunis. Ururimi rwemewe ni Icyarabu. Tunisiya ifite inkombe ku Nyanja ya Mediterane. Yabonye ubwigenge ku [[Ubufaransa]] mu 1956. Perezida wa Tunisiya ni Kais Saied. == Imiterere == [[File:Downtown Tunis.jpg|thumb|left|Hagati mu mujyi wa Tunis]] Tunisiya ihana imbibi na [[Aligeriya]] mu burengerazuba no mu majyepfo y'uburengerazuba. Mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba, ihana imbibi na [[Libiya]]. Mu burasirazuba no mu majyaruguru, ikora ku Nyanja ya Mediterane.<ref name="britannica">{{Cite web |title=Tunisia |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Tunisia |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |language=en |access-date=2026-11-03}}</ref> Tunisiya ifite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 163 610.<ref name="facts">{{Cite web |title=Tunisia: Quick Facts |url=https://www.britannica.com/facts/Tunisia |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |language=en |access-date=2026-11-03}}</ref> Imiterere y'ubutaka bwayo ntigira imisozi miremire cyane.<ref name="britannica" /> == Amateka == Mu kinyejana cya 9 mbere ya Yezu Kristo, umujyi wa Carthage washinzwe muri ako karere. Carthage yabaye umwe mu mijyi ikomeye ya kera. Yarwanye intambara nyinshi n'Abaroma. Hagati mu kinyejana cya 2 mbere ya Yezu Kristo, Roma yatsinze, isenya Carthage, maze itegeka ako karere imyaka 500.<ref name="britannica" /> Mu kinyejana cya 7, Abarabu bigaruriye ako karere. Abaturage b'Ababeriberi bemeye idini rya [[Islamu]]. Mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 19, Tunisiya yagiye mu butegetsi bw'ubukoloni bw'Abafaransa. Yabonye ubwigenge mu 1956. Nyuma, yayobowe igihe kirekire n'abaperezida babiri: Habib Bourguiba na Zine al-Abidine Ben Ali.<ref name="britannica" /> == Politiki == Tunisiya ni repubulika. Inteko ishinga amategeko ifite imitwe ibiri. Perezida ni Kais Saied. Minisitiri w'Intebe ni Sara Zaafrani Zenzri.<ref name="facts" /> == Abaturage == Mu mwaka wa 2026, Tunisiya yari ifite abaturage bagera kuri 12 135 000 (ikigereranyo). Ururimi rwemewe ni Icyarabu. Idini rya Leta ni Islamu.<ref name="facts" /> == Ubukungu == Ifaranga rikoreshwa ni Dinari ya Tunisiya.<ref name="facts" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Tunisia|Amafoto ya Tunisiya]] kuri Wikimedia Commons {{Afurika}} [[Ikiciro:Tunisiya| ]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Ibihugu]] dkuu6w6v806pxwnmr2ujvpkgs1fbuyh 0 3948 148744 101281 2026-11-03T14:44:40Z Score Beethoven 11559 148744 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox igihugu | common_name = Ubugande | conventional_long_name = Repubulika y'Ubugande | native_name = Republic of Uganda<br />Jamhuri ya Uganda | image_flag = Flag of Uganda.svg | image_coat = Coat of arms of Uganda.svg | image_map = Uganda (orthographic projection).svg | capital = Kampala | official_languages = [[Icyongereza]] n'[[Igiswahili]] | leader_title1 = Perezida | leader_name1 = [[Yoweri Museveni]] | leader_title2 = Minisitiri w'Intebe | leader_name2 = Robinah Nabbanja | sovereignty_type = Ubwigenge | established_event1 = Ku [[Ubwongereza]] | established_date1 = 9 Ukwakira 1962 | area_km2 = 241553 | population_estimate = 48 850 000 | population_estimate_year = 2026 | currency = Ishilingi rya Ubugande | iso3166code = omit }} '''Ubugande''' cyangwa '''Yuganda''' (izina ryemewe: Repubulika y'Ubugande; mu [[Icyongereza]]: ''Republic of Uganda''; mu [[Igiswahili]]: ''Jamhuri ya Uganda'') ni igihugu cyo muri [[Afurika]] y'Iburasirazuba rwagati. Ntigikora ku nyanja. Umurwa mukuru ni Kampala. Ubugande bwabonye ubwigenge mu 1962. Indimi zemewe ni Icyongereza n'Igiswahili. Perezida w'Ubugande ni [[Yoweri Museveni]]. == Imiterere == [[File:Kampala city.jpg|thumb|left|Umujyi wa Kampala]] Ubugande buhana imbibi na [[Sudani y’Amajyepfo]] mu majyaruguru. Mu burasirazuba, buhana imbibi na [[Kenya]]. Mu majyepfo, buhana imbibi na [[Tanzaniya]] n'u [[Rwanda]]. Mu burengerazuba, buhana imbibi na [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]].<ref name="britannica">{{Cite web |title=Uganda |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Uganda |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |language=en |access-date=2026-11-03}}</ref> Ubugande bufite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 241 553.<ref name="facts">{{Cite web |title=Uganda: Quick Facts |url=https://www.britannica.com/facts/Uganda |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |language=en |access-date=2026-11-03}}</ref> Umurwa mukuru Kampala wubatse ku misozi irindwi, hafi y'inkombe z'[[Ikiyaga cya Victoriya]]. Icyo kiyaga ni cyo kinini cy'amazi meza muri Afurika. Igice cyacyo kigize umupaka n'u Kenya na Tanzaniya.<ref name="britannica" /> == Amateka == Ubugande bwabonye ubwigenge ku mugaragaro ku wa 9 Ukwakira 1962. Imipaka yabwo yashyizweho mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 19. Iyo mipaka yahurije hamwe amoko y'amajyepfo afite ubwami, n'amoko yo mu majyaruguru.<ref name="britannica" /> Igihugu cyagize imyaka myinshi y'amakimbirane ya politiki. Byongeye, icyorezo cya SIDA cyakigizeho ingaruka zikomeye. Mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 21, Ubugande bwari bufite ituze rya politiki. Bwabaye kandi urugero mu kurwanya SIDA.<ref name="britannica" /> == Politiki == Ubugande ni repubulika ifite amashyaka menshi. Inteko ishinga amategeko ifite umutwe umwe. Perezida ni Yoweri Museveni. Afatanya na Minisitiri w'Intebe Robinah Nabbanja.<ref name="facts" /> == Abaturage == Mu mwaka wa 2026, Ubugande bwari bufite abaturage bagera kuri 48 850 000 (ikigereranyo). Indimi zemewe ni Icyongereza n'Igiswahili.<ref name="facts" /> Igihugu gituwe n'amoko menshi. Icyongereza n'ubukirisitu bifasha guhuza ayo moko.<ref name="britannica" /> == Ubukungu == Ifaranga rikoreshwa ni Ishilingi rya Ubugande.<ref name="facts" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Uganda|Amafoto y'Ubugande]] kuri Wikimedia Commons {{Afurika}} [[Ikiciro:Ubugande| ]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Ibihugu]] aq57mw1gxdy80h5teneky26i3lkivfg 0 4148 148764 134699 2026-11-03T15:44:09Z Score Beethoven 11559 148764 wikitext text/x-wiki <u>AMATEKA YA FRANK HABINEZA</u>[[File:Frank Habineza 2016-12-08.jpg|thumb|Frank Habineza|402x402px]] [[Dosiye:Green Party of the United States social media logo.svg|thumb|umuyobozi wa Green party]] Frank Habineza yavukiye I Mityana muri [[Uganda]] <ref name="AllAfrica_121109"><span style="color:grey;">(mu cyongereza)</span>[http://allafrica.com/stories/200911120762.html "No New Ideas From Chairman of New Party in Rwanda"], ''Focus Media'', 12 Ugushyingo 2009</ref> mu 1977, ni [[umunyapolitiki]] w’[[umunyarwanda]]. Ni umwe mu bashinze ishyaka [[Parti Vert Démocratique]] <ref name="HRW_210710"><span style="color:grey;">(mu cyongereza)</span>[http://www.hrw.org/en/news/2010/07/20/rwanda-allow-independent-autopsy-opposition-politician "Rwanda: Allow Independent Autopsy of Opposition Politician"], Human Rights Watch, 21 Nyakanga 2010</ref> , <ref name="AllAfrica_121109"/> , aribera perezida wa mbere, kugeza n’ubu ni we ukiriyobora. Amashuri ye yayize muri [[Kaminuza Nkuru y’u Rwanda]] I [[Butare]] <ref name="AllAfrica_121109"/>. Yashinze ishyaka [[Parti Vert Démocratique]] muri [[Kanama]] 2009, iri rikaba ritavuga rumwe na Leta iyobowe na FPR. Benshi mu bashinze [[Parti Vert Démocratique]] ni abahoze ari abanyamuryango ba FPR <ref name="HRW_210710"/> bakaza kuyivamo. Muri [[Werurwe]] 2010, Habineza yabaye “umutumirwa w’icubahiro muri Kaminuza ny’[[Afurika]] yita ku bidukikije y’I [[Rabat]] muri [[Maroke]] <ref><span style="color:grey;">(mu gifaransa)</span>[http://www.maroc-hebdo.press.ma/MHinternet/Archives_833/html_833/ensemble.html "Ensemble pour défendre l’écologie"], ''Maroc Hebdo''</ref> . Iyi nama yari mu rwego rwo kugirango amashyaka aharanira kubungabunga ibidukikije yo muri Afurika ahurize hamwe imbaraga. Ukwezi kwakurikiyeho yahise atorerwa kuba perezida wa komite nshingabikorwa mu ishyirahamwe ry’amashyaka aharanira ibidukikije muri Afurika. <ref><span style="color:grey;">(mu cyongereza)</span>[https://web.archive.org/web/20101130014607/http://rwandinfo.com/eng/rwanda-green-party-leader-frank-habineza-elected-president-of-african-greens-federation/ "Rwanda Green Party Leader Frank Habineza Elected President of African Greens Federation"], RwandaInfo</ref> Ishyaka [[Parti Vert Démocratique]] Leta y’u [[Rwanda]] ntiraryemerera gukora byemewe n’amategeko, ibi bikaba byaratumye rititabira amatora y’umukuru w’igihugu yabaye muri Kanama 2010. Ibi kandi byatumye iri shyaka ritabasha kujya ribona uburenganzira bwo gukora amanama. Mu Kwakira 2009 imwe mu manama y’iri shyaka yahagaritswe na [[Polisi y’Igihugu]].uyu munyepolotiki amaze igihe kinini anyotewe no kuyobora goverinoma y'URWANDA. [[Dosiye:Université nationale du Rwanda à Butare.JPG|center|thumb|Kaminuza y'u Rwanda Frank yizemo]] == Notes == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Habineza, Frank}} [[Ikiciro:Abanyepolitiki (Rwanda)]] [[Category:Abagabo]] ftoevmbwan2sldqj0xdf27lbxaemcbe 0 6151 148768 139603 2026-11-03T15:44:10Z Score Beethoven 11559 148768 wikitext text/x-wiki == Amateka yamuranze == [[File:Michèle Alliot-Marie - Université d'été du MEDEF 2009.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Michèle Alliot-Marie</span>]] [[Dosiye:Michèle_Alliot-Marie,_French_Minister_of_Foreign_and_European_Affairs_(5277700729)_(cropped).jpg|thumb|Michèle Alliot-Marie, Minisitiri w’ububanyi n’amahanga w’ububanyi n’amahanga n’Uburayi]] [[Dosiye:Msc2011 dett alliot 0149.jpg|thumb|Michèle Alliot-Marie]] Michèle Alliot-Marie (10 Nzeri 1946) wari Minisitiri w’ububanyi n’amahanga w’u [[Bufaransa]].Akaba ari bamwe mubagize inteko ishinga amategeko mu bufaransa, zimnwe mu nshingano zagiye iyagize harimo Kuba umuyobozi w'ingabo Kandi ari umugore umwe mubagize ishyaka ry'abanyaburayi <ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2007/08/23/world/europe/23iht-23excerpts.7231420.html</ref> == Ubuzima bwe == === Michèle Alliot-Marie === Yavukiya mu gihugu cy'ubufaransa ku italiki ya 10 Nzeri mu mwaka wa 46 ,Se umubyara ni Bernard Marie wahoze ari umusifuzi w'umupira wa Ruhago mu makipe mpuzamahaitwa nga ,Nyina yitwa Rennée Leyko akomoka mu gihugu cya [[Polonye]]<ref>[https://translate.google.com/translate?sl=fr&tl=en&prev=_t&hl=en&u=http://www.sudouest.fr/2011/02/17/bernard-marie-en-premiere-ligne-320428-652.php http://www.sudouest.fr/2011/02/17/bernard-marie-en-premiere-ligne-320428-652.php]</ref><ref>Guichoux, Marie (4 December 1999). "Michèle Alliot-Marie, 53 ans, fille de famille gaulliste, présidera peut-être le RPR [...]". ''Libération'' (in French</ref> == Intanganturo == {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Alliot-Marie, Michèle}} [[Category:Abaminisitiri]] [[Category:Abafaransa]] [[Category:Abagore]] mtcaoaiftmvku8neb5q3oigi0qwg86f 0 6206 148779 133899 2026-11-03T15:44:42Z Score Beethoven 11559 148779 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Agnes van Ardenne.jpg|thumb|Agnes van Ardenne]]{{Databox|excludeProperties=Q225902}} '''Anna Maria Agnes "Agnes" van Ardenne-Van der Hoeven''' (wavutse ku wa '''21 Mutarama 1950''') ni umunyapolitiki n'umudipolomate w'Umuholandi wagiye mu kiruhuko cy'izabukuru. Yabaye umwe mu banyamuryango b'ishyaka Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA), aho yagiye anagira imyanya itandukanye muri guverinoma y'u [[Buholandi]] ndetse no mu rwego rwa dipolomasi. == Umwuga == Agnes van Ardenne yavukiye i Maasland mu Buholandi ku wa 21 Mutarama 1950. Mbere yo kwinjira muri Guverinoma y'u Buholandi, yabaye Visi Perezida w'umuryango CORDAID, ukora ibikorwa by'ubutabazi n'iterambere, ndetse aba n'Umunyamabanga Mukuru wa Komite y'igihugu ya UNICEF mu Buholandi.Hagati ya 1994 na 2002, yari umwe mu bagize Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y'u Buholandi. Muri icyo gihe kandi yari mu ntumwa z'Inteko zoherezwaga mu Nteko Ishinga Amategeko y'Inama y'u Burayi (PACE). ====== Minisitiri ushinzwe ubufatanye mu iterambere ====== Kuva mu 2002 kugeza mu 2007, Agnes van Ardenne yabaye Minisitiri ushinzwe Ubutwererane Mpuzamahanga n'Iterambere muri guverinoma ya Minisitiri w'Intebe Jan Peter Balkenende. Mu mwaka wa 2004, ubwo u Buholandi bwari buyoboye Inama y'Umuryango w'Ubumwe bw'u Burayi, yayoboye inama z'abaminisitiri bashinzwe ubufatanye mu iterambere.Mu gihe yari kuri uwo mwanya, yibanze ku gufasha ibihugu bifite intege nke n'ibyugarijwe n'intambara, harimo na [[Sudani]]. Yanashyize imbere ko nibura 50% by'ingengo y'imari y'u Buholandi yagenerwaga ubufatanye bw'ibihugu byombi ishyirwa mu mishinga yo muri Afurika. Mu 2006, yahagaritse inkunga y'amadolari ya Amerika agera kuri miliyoni 150 yagombaga guhabwa guverinoma ya Perezida Mwai Kibaki wa [[Kenya]], bitewe n'impungenge zerekeye ruswa.Nyuma y'umutingito wabaye muri Kashmir mu mwaka wa 2005, yabaye umwe mu bayobozi ba mbere baturutse mu mahanga basuye Pakisitani kugira ngo barebe uko ibikorwa by'ubutabazi byakorwaga. === Gushyigikira uburezi n'ubuzima === Mu 2006, yongereye inkunga u Buholandi bwatangaga mu burezi bwo mu mashuri yisumbuye na kaminuza, ayigeza kuri miliyoni 110 z'amayero ku mwaka. Yanongereye kandi umusanzu watangwaga muri gahunda ya Education for All Fast Track Initiative (FTI) awugeza kuri miliyoni 150 z'amayero.Muri uwo mwaka kandi, yasezeranyije GAVI inkunga igera kuri miliyoni 100 z'amayero mu myaka ine yo gushyigikira gahunda zo gukingira abana no guteza imbere ubuvuzi. Yanatanze indi nkunga ya miliyoni 201 z'amadolari ya Amerika kuri [[UNICEF|UNICEF,]] igamije gufasha abana bibasiwe n'intambara, ibiza cyangwa ibindi bibazo gukomeza amashuri. === Nyuma yo kuva muri guverinoma === Nyuma yo kuva muri guverinoma mu 2007, yabaye Uhagarariye u Buholandi muri FAO, WFP na IFAD i Roma kugeza mu 2011.Hagati ya 2011 na 2014, yabaye Perezida w'Inama y'Ubuhinzi bw'Indabo n'Ibihingwa by'Ubusitani mu Buholandi. Kuva mu 2017, ni Perezida w'Ikigo cy'u Buholandi gishinzwe igenzura ry'ubuhinzi bw'indabo n'ibihingwa by'ubusitani. == Ibindi bikorwa == === Mu miryango mpuzamahanga === Hagati ya 2003 na 2007, Agnes van Ardenne yabaye umwe mu bagize Inama y'Abaguverineri mu mwanya w'uhagarariye u Buholandi mu Banki Nyafurika Itsura Amajyambere (AfDB), Banki Nyafurika Itsura Amajyambere ya Aziya (ADB) ndetse no muri Banki y'Isi (World Bank). ====== Mu miryango idaharanira inyungu ====== Kuva mu '''2013''', ni Perezida w'Inama y'Ubutegetsi y'<nowiki/>'''African Studies Centre (ASC)''' yo muri '''Kaminuza ya Leiden''', ikigo gikora ubushakashatsi ku Afurika.Kuva mu '''2012''', yabaye umwe mu bagize Inama Ngishwanama y'Ubuzima bw'Ibidukikije n'Ibikorwaremezo (RLI) mu Buholandi.Yanabaye Perezida w'Inama y'Ubugenzuzi ya '''Van Hall Larenstein''', ishuri rikuru ryigisha ibijyanye n'ubuhinzi, ibidukikije n'iterambere rirambye. Ni na we uyoboye Inama y'Ubutegetsi y''''Marga Klompé Foundation''', umuryango ukora ibikorwa by'imibereho myiza n'iterambere ry'abaturage. == Imya ya politiki == Ku wa '''30 Werurwe 2012''', Agnes van Ardenne hamwe n'abandi banyapolitiki bakomeye bo mu ishyaka '''Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA)''', barimo ba Minisitiri b'Intebe bahoze ari bo '''Ruud Lubbers''' na '''Piet de Jong''', bashyize umukono ku nyandiko yamaganaga icyemezo cya guverinoma ya Minisitiri w'Intebe '''Mark Rutte''' cyo kugabanya ingengo y'imari yagenerwaga ubufatanye mpuzamahanga n'iterambere. == Amashakiro == # .https://www.ncdo.nl/sites/default/files/Report%20Analysis%20The%20Dutch%20and%20Development%20Cooperation%20FINAL%202013%2003%2004.pdf # https://www.government.nl/documents/reports/2014/04/01/iob-return-on-aid-for-dutch-exports # https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4958316.stm # http://en.rli.nl/news/2012/dutch-government-names-members-of-council-for-the-environment-and-infrastructure [[Dosiye:Famara_Jatta_and_Agnes_van_Ardenne,_IMF_691765l.jpg|thumb|Agnes van Ardenne]] {{commonscat|Agnes van Ardenne}} [[Category:Abaholandi]] [[Category:Abanyepolitiki]] [[Category:Abagore]] lt45edxheswusqielbxhaiglfczoxp3 0 6843 148783 145893 2026-11-03T15:44:52Z Score Beethoven 11559 148783 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Zinedine Zidane 2015 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Zidane 2015|312x312px]] [[File:Zinedine Zidane 20minutos.jpg|thumb|<span style="color:grey;">Zinedine Zidane</span>|301x301px]] [[File:Zinedine Zidane.JPG|thumb|Zinedine zidane muri 2003|370x370px]] nI Umukinyi wabayeho mu mateka w'umupira w'amaguru kandi ukomeje kubaka izina mu bijyanye no gutoza. Zinedine Zidane (23 Kamena 1972, izina mu [[cyarabu]]: زين الدين يزيد زيدان) ni umukinnyi w'umufaransa wagacishijeho m'umupira w'amaguru, wakinaga nka nomero ya 10 mu kibuga mu ikipe y'igihugu y'ubufaransa akaba yarakoze amateka mu makipe nka: [[AS Cannes|Cannes]], [[FC Girondins de Bordeaux|Bordeaux]], [[Juventus F.C.|Juventus]] na Real Madrid yaje kubera umutoza ndetse akayayifasha gutwara ibikombe bikomeye harimo n'icya UEFA akaza kwegura ku wa kane 31 ,Gicurasi ,2018 .<ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/amakuru-53441096</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://igihe.com/imikino/football/article/zinedine-zidane-yeguye-ku-butoza-bwa-real-madrid?url_reload=31 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2020-07-17 |archive-date=2020-07-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200717222716/https://igihe.com/imikino/football/article/zinedine-zidane-yeguye-ku-butoza-bwa-real-madrid?url_reload=31 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>https://rushyashya.net/bitunguranye-zinedine-zidane-yeguye-ku-mirimo-yo-gutoza-real-madrid/</ref>. Yatowe nk'umukinnyi mwiza ku mugabane w'uburayi na [[UEFA Golden Jubilee Poll]]. yakinnye umukino wa mbere mu ikipe y'igihugu taliki ya 17 kanama 1994, mu mukino wa gicuti wahuzaga [[Ubufaransa]] na  [[Czech Republic national football team|Czech Republic]] aho yinjiye mu kibuga asimbura agafasha ikipe ye kunganya ibitego 2-2 nyuma yo gutsinda ibitego bibire wenyine. [[Dosiye:The opening ceremony of the FIFA World Cup 2014 27.jpg|center|thumb|367x367px|Fans]] == Ibikombe yatwaye == mu ikipe ya Bordeaux * [[UEFA Intertoto Cup]]: [[UEFA Intertoto Cup 1995|1995]] mu ikipe ya Juventus * [[Serie A]]: [[1996–97 Serie A|1996–97]], [[1997–98 Serie A|1997–98]] * [[Supercoppa Italiana]]: [[1997 Supercoppa Italiana|1997]] * [[UEFA Super Cup]]: [[1996 UEFA Super Cup|1996]] * [[Intercontinental Cup (football)|Intercontinental Cup]]: [[1996 Intercontinental Cup|1996]] * [[UEFA Intertoto Cup]]: [[UEFA Intertoto Cup 1999|1999]] mu ikipe ya real madrid * [[La Liga]]: [[2002–03 La Liga|2002–03]] * [[Supercopa de España]]: [[2001 Supercopa de España|2001]], [[2003 Supercopa de España|2003]] * [[UEFA Champions League]]: [[2001–02 UEFA Champions League|2001–02]] * [[UEFA Super Cup]]: [[2002 UEFA Super Cup|2002]] * [[Intercontinental Cup (football)|Intercontinental Cup]]: [[2002 Intercontinental Cup|2002]] mu ikipe y'igihugu y'ubufaransa * [[FIFA World Cup]]: [[1998 FIFA World Cup|1998]] * [[UEFA European Football Championship]]: [[2000 UEFA European Football Championship|2000]] === Ibikombe yatwaye nk'umutoza === muri Real madrid * [[UEFA Champions League]]: [[2015–16 UEFA Champions League|2015–16]] * [[UEFA Super Cup]]: [[2016 UEFA Super Cup|2016]] * [[UEFA champions League]] 2018<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://igihe.com/imikino/football/article/zinedine-zidane-yeguye-ku-butoza-bwa-real-madrid?url_reload=31 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2020-07-17 |archive-date=2020-07-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200717222716/https://igihe.com/imikino/football/article/zinedine-zidane-yeguye-ku-butoza-bwa-real-madrid?url_reload=31 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ikipe y’igihugu == {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- ! Ikipe y’igihugu!!Imyaka!!Apps!!Ibitego!! Assists |- | rowspan="13"|'''[[Ubufaransa]]''' |1994||2||2||0 |- |1995||6||2||3 |- |1996||12||2||4 |- |1997||8||1||0 |- |1998||15||5||3 |- |1999||6||1||1 |- |2000||13||4||4 |- |2001||8||2||0 |- |2002||9||1||2 |- |2003||7||3||3 |- |2004||7||4||1 |- |2005||5||2||1 |- |2006||10||3||1 |- ! colspan=2|Igiteranyo||108||31||23 |} == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Umupira w’amaguru]] [[Category:Abafaransa]] [[Category:Abagabo]] r1wpyxbo1aecok61kkwwj5rnuk47se4 0 6912 148809 141423 2026-11-03T18:01:15Z Score Beethoven 11559 148809 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox igihugu | common_name = Uburundi | conventional_long_name = Repubulika y'u Burundi | native_name = Repubulika y'Uburundi | image_flag = Flag of Burundi.svg | image_coat = Coat of arms of Burundi.svg | image_map = Burundi (orthographic projection).svg | capital = Gitega (politiki), [[Bujumbura]] (ubukungu) | official_languages = [[Ikirundi]], [[Igifaransa]], [[Icyongereza]] | leader_title1 = Perezida | leader_name1 = [[Évariste Ndayishimiye]] | leader_title2 = Minisitiri w'Intebe | leader_name2 = Nestor Ntahontuye | sovereignty_type = Ubwigenge | established_event1 = Ku [[Ububiligi]] | established_date1 = 1 Nyakanga 1962 | area_km2 = 27834 | population_estimate = 14 047 786 | population_estimate_year = 2024 | currency = Ifaranga ry'u Burundi | currency_code = BIF | calling_code = +257 | iso3166code = omit }} '''Uburundi''' (ku mugaragaro: Repubulika y'u Burundi) ni [[igihugu]] cyo muri [[Afurika]] yo hagati n'iy'Iburasirazuba. Kiri mu karere k'Ibiyaga Bigari. Uburundi ntibukora ku [[inyanja]]. Uburundi buhana imbibi n'u [[Rwanda]] mu majyaruguru, [[Tanzaniya]] mu burasirazuba no mu majyepfo, na [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]] mu burengerazuba, aho [[Ikiyaga cya Tanganyika]] kigitandukanya na yo. Umurwa mukuru wa politiki ni Gitega, naho [[Bujumbura]] ni wo murwa mukuru w'ubukungu n'umujyi munini. Ni kimwe mu bihugu bito kandi bituwe cyane muri Afurika. == Izina == Izina ''Uburundi'' rikomoka ku bwami bwa kera bw'Abarundi. Abaturage bacyo bitwa Abarundi (umuntu umwe: ''Umurundi''), naho ururimi rwabo ni [[ikirundi]], rwegeranye cyane n'[[ikinyarwanda]]. {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;" ! Ururimi !! Izina |- | [[Ikirundi]] || Repubulika y'Uburundi |- | [[Igifaransa]] || République du Burundi |- | [[Icyongereza]] || Republic of Burundi |} == Imiterere y'igihugu == [[File:Burundi - Lake Tanganyika fisheries.jpg|thumb|left|Abarobyi ku [[Ikiyaga cya Tanganyika]]]] Uburundi bufite ubuso bwa km² 27 834, bukaba bugizwe ahanini n'imisozi n'imirambi miremire. Mu burengerazuba hari ikibaya cya Rusizi n'inkengero z'[[Ikiyaga cya Tanganyika]], hejuru yacyo hakaba umurongo w'imisozi itandukanya ibibaya by'inzuzi Kongo na [[Nili]]. Umusozi muremure ni Heha (m 2 684). Mu burasirazuba, uruzi Ruvubu rwisuka mu [[Umugezi wa Kagera|Kagera]]; isoko iri kure cyane mu majyepfo y'uruzi [[Nili]] ivugwa ko iri mu Burundi, mu ntara ya kera ya Bururi.<ref name="brit">{{Cite web |title=Burundi |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Burundi |website=Encyclopaedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Ikirere ni icy'akarere gashyuha ariko koroherejwe n'ubutumburuke; igihugu kigira ibihe bibiri by'imvura n'ibihe by'izuba. Ishyamba rya Kibira, mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba, rifatanye n'ishyamba rya Nyungwe ryo mu [[Rwanda]].<ref name="brit" /> {{clear}} == Amateka == [[File:Enclos Royal de Muramvya chez MWAMBUTSA.jpg|thumb|left|Urugo rw'umwami Mwambutsa IV i Muramvya]] === Ubwami bw'u Burundi === Ubwami bw'u Burundi bwavutse ahagana mu kinyejana cya 17, buyoborwa n'[[umwami]] (''mwami'') wafatwaga nk'umubyeyi w'igihugu, afashijwe n'abatware b'imiryango y'ibikomangoma (''abaganwa''). Ingoma yari ikimenyetso cy'ubwami.<ref name="brit" /> === Ubukoloni === Mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 19, Uburundi bwinjijwe mu Ntara y'[[Ubudage|Abadage]] y'Afurika y'Iburasirazuba. Nyuma y'Intambara ya Mbere y'Isi Yose, bwahawe [[Ububiligi]] ku buryo bw'ubutegetsi bwa Ishyirahamwe ry'Amahanga, bufatanywa n'u Rwanda mu cyitwaga [[Rwanda-Urundi|Ruanda-Urundi]]. Nyuma ya 1946, bwabaye igihugu kirindwa n'Umuryango w'Abibumbye bukomeza kuyoborwa n'Ababiligi.<ref name="brit" /> Igikomangoma Louis Rwagasore, wari uyoboye ishyaka UPRONA ryatsinze amatora yo mu 1961, yishwe mu Ukwakira 1961.<ref name="bbc">{{Cite web |title=Burundi country profile |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-13085064 |website=BBC News |language=en}}</ref> === Kuva ku bwigenge === [[File:Plaza de la Independencia.JPG|thumb|left|Ikibuga cy'Ubwigenge i [[Bujumbura]]]] Uburundi bwabonye ubwigenge ku wa 1 Nyakanga 1962 ari ubwami buyobowe n'umwami Mwambutsa IV. Mu 1966, Kapiteni Michel Micombero yakuyeho ubwami ashyiraho repubulika.<ref name="brit" /> Amateka y'igihugu nyuma y'ubwigenge yaranzwe n'amakimbirane hagati y'[[Abahutu]] n'[[Abatutsi]], harimo ubwicanyi bwo mu 1972 n'ihirikwa ry'ubutegetsi ryinshi, nk'iryazanye [[Pierre Buyoya]] mu 1987.<ref name="bbc" /> Mu 1993, [[Melchior Ndadaye]] yabaye Perezida wa mbere w'Umuhutu watowe mu matora ya demokarasi, ariko yicwa nyuma y'amezi make, bituma igihugu cyinjira mu ntambara y'abenegihugu yahitanye abantu babarirwa mu 300 000. Uwamusimbuye, Cyprien Ntaryamira, yaguye mu ndege yarashwe i [[Kigali]] ku wa 6 Mata 1994. Amasezerano y'amahoro ya Arusha (2000) yashyizeho inzira yo kugabana ubutegetsi.<ref name="bbc" /> Mu 2005, [[Petero Nkurunziza|Pierre Nkurunziza]] yatorewe kuba Perezida. Icyemezo cye cyo kwiyamamariza manda ya gatatu mu 2015 cyateje imyigaragambyo, igerageza ry'ihirikwa ry'ubutegetsi n'ihunga ry'Abarundi benshi bajya mu bihugu by'abaturanyi, harimo [[Impunzi z'Abarundi mu Rwanda|u Rwanda]]. [[Évariste Ndayishimiye]] yamusimbuye nyuma y'amatora yo mu 2020.<ref name="bbc" /> Mu 2019, Gitega yagizwe umurwa mukuru wa politiki.<ref name="cia">{{Cite web |title=Burundi |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/burundi/ |website=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |language=en |access-date=2026-10-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210122232849/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/burundi/ |archive-date=2021-01-22 |url-status=dead}}</ref> {{clear}} == Politiki n'ubutegetsi == Uburundi ni repubulika iyobowe na Perezida, ari na we mukuru wa guverinoma, afashijwe na Visi-Perezida na Minisitiri w'Intebe. Inteko Ishinga Amategeko igizwe n'imitwe ibiri: Inteko Nshingamategeko na Sena. Ishyaka CNDD-FDD ni ryo riri ku butegetsi kuva mu 2005.<ref name="cia" /> Ku wa 5 Kanama 2025, Perezida Évariste Ndayishimiye yagize Nestor Ntahontuye Minisitiri w'Intebe. Yasimbuye Gervais Ndirakobuca.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Burundi: Ndayishimiye shakes up cabinet, appoints new Prime Minister |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/28661/National/swine-flu-confirmed-in-muhanga/amp |website=The New Times |date=2025-08-06 |language=en |access-date=2026-11-03}}</ref> Ku wa 26 Mata 2026, ishyaka CNDD-FDD ryatoye Ndayishimiye nk'umukandida waryo mu matora ya perezida ya 2027.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Burundi : Évariste Ndayishimiye désigné par le CNDD‑FDD comme candidat à la présidentielle 2027 |url=https://beninwebtv.bj/burundi-evariste-ndayishimiye-designe-par-le-cndd-fdd-comme-candidat-a-la-presidentielle-2027/ |website=Bénin Web TV |date=2026-04-26 |language=fr |access-date=2026-11-03}}</ref> Kuva mu 2025, igihugu kigabanyijemo intara 5 — Buhumuza, Bujumbura, Burunga, Butanyerera na Gitega — zigabanyijemo amakomine 42, bisimbura intara 18 zabanzaga.<ref name="undp">{{Cite web |title=Repenser le territoire pour rapprocher le développement des citoyens |url=https://www.undp.org/fr/node/597941 |website=PNUD |language=fr}}</ref> == Abaturage n'indimi == [[File:Gitega drums.JPG|thumb|left|Abavuzi b'[[ingoma]] i Gitega]] Uburundi bufite abaturage bagera kuri miliyoni 14 (igereranya rya 2024), benshi muri bo baba mu cyaro. Abarundi bagizwe n'[[Abahutu]] (≈ 85 %), [[Abatutsi]] (≈ 14 %) n'[[Abatwa]] (≈ 1 %).<ref name="cia" /> [[Ikirundi]] ni ururimi rw'igihugu ruvugwa n'abaturage hafi ya bose; [[Igifaransa]] n'[[Icyongereza]] na zo ni indimi zemewe. Igiswahili kivugwa cyane cyane i Bujumbura no mu bucuruzi.<ref name="cia" /> === Amadini === Abenshi mu Barundi ni Abakirisitu: [[Kiliziya Gatolika|Abagatolika]] ni bo benshi, bagakurikirwa n'Abaporotesitanti. Hari kandi abayoboke ba [[Islamu]] bake n'abakurikiza imyemerere gakondo.<ref name="cia" /> === Umuco === Ingoma z'i Burundi zizwi ku isi yose. Mu 2014, imbyino gakondo y'ingoma y'ubwami yashyizwe na UNESCO ku rutonde rw'umurage ndangamuco udafatika w'abantu bose.<ref name="unesco">{{Cite web |title=Ritual dance of the royal drum |url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/ritual-dance-of-the-royal-drum-00989 |website=UNESCO |language=en}}</ref> {{clear}} == Ubukungu == [[File:Truck and bicylists near Gitega, Burundi.jpg|thumb|left|Umuhanda hafi ya Gitega]] Ubukungu bw'u Burundi bushingiye cyane ku buhinzi, bukoresha igice kinini cy'abakozi. Ibihingwa by'ingenzi byoherezwa mu mahanga ni [[ikawa]] n'[[icyayi]]; abaturage bahinga kandi [[igitoki]], imyumbati, ibijumba, ibigori n'ibishyimbo.<ref name="brit" /> Uburundi ni kimwe mu bihugu bikennye cyane ku isi, bukaba bufite ibibazo byo kubura amadovize, ubucucike bw'abaturage n'imirire mibi.<ref name="wb">{{Cite web |title=Burundi Overview |url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/burundi/overview |website=Banki y'Isi |language=en}}</ref> {{clear}} == Imibanire n'amahanga == Uburundi ni umunyamuryango w'Umuryango w'Abibumbye, w'Ubumwe bw'Afurika, n'Umuryango w'Afurika y'Iburasirazuba (EAC) kuva mu 2007. Ni kandi umunyamuryango w'Umuryango Mpuzamahanga w'Ibihugu Bikoresha Igifaransa (OIF).<ref name="cia" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Reba kandi == {{Commonscat|Burundi|Uburundi}} === Ingingo zijyanye === {{Div col|colwidth=15em}} * [[Afurika]] * [[Bujumbura]] * Gitega * [[Ikirundi]] * [[Évariste Ndayishimiye]] * [[Petero Nkurunziza]] * [[Melchior Ndadaye]] * [[Pierre Buyoya]] * [[Ikiyaga cya Tanganyika]] * [[Rwanda-Urundi]] * [[Impunzi z'Abarundi mu Rwanda]] * [[Rwanda]] * [[Tanzaniya]] * [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]] {{Div col end}} === Ihuza ryo hanze === * [[commons:Category:Burundi|Amafoto y'u Burundi]] kuri Wikimedia Commons * [https://presidence.gov.bi/ Présidence de la République du Burundi] – urubuga rwa Perezidansi y'u Burundi <small>(mu gifaransa)</small> * [https://www.britannica.com/place/Burundi Burundi] – Encyclopaedia Britannica <small>(mu cyongereza)</small> * [https://web.archive.org/web/20210122232849/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/burundi/ Burundi] – The World Factbook <small>(mu cyongereza)</small> * [https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/burundi/overview Burundi] – Banki y'Isi <small>(mu cyongereza)</small> {{Afurika}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Burundi}} [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Ibihugu]] 3313ttrx05n50vj29gpwhcggx9orqnl 0 7030 148700 143814 2026-11-03T13:08:13Z Score Beethoven 11559 148700 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox umurenge}} '''Umurenge wa Rubona''' ni umwe mu mirenge 14 igize [[Akarere ka Rwamagana]], mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]], mu [[Rwanda]]. Ugizwe n'utugari 6 n'imidugudu 38. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, Umurenge wa Rubona wari utuwe n'abaturage 29 916. Muri uyu murenge hari Umudugudu w'Urubyiruko wa Agahozo-Shalom. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → [[Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Uturere]] → Imirenge → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Imiterere == [[Dosiye:Rwanda, Rwamagana District.png|thumb|left|Ikarita y'Akarere ka Rwamagana]] Umurenge wa Rubona uri mu majyepfo y'Akarere ka Rwamagana. Ugera ku [[Ikiyaga cya Mugesera]], gitandukanya Akarere ka Rwamagana n'[[Akarere ka Ngoma]]. Umurenge ufite ubuso bwa 55,53 km². == Utugari == Umurenge wa Rubona ugizwe n'[[Akagari|utugari]] 6 n'[[Imidugudu|imidugudu]] 38:<ref name="imirenge">{{Cite web |url=https://www.rwamagana.gov.rw/akarere/abanyamabanga-nshingwabikorwa-bimirenge |title=Imirenge n'Utugari |website=Akarere ka Rwamagana |language=rw |access-date=2024-05-21 |archive-date=2023-06-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616031406/https://www.rwamagana.gov.rw/akarere/abanyamabanga-nshingwabikorwa-bimirenge |url-status=dead}}</ref> {{div col|colwidth=15em}} * Byinza (imidugudu 8) * Kabatasi (imidugudu 10) * Kabuye (imidugudu 4) * Karambi (imidugudu 5) * Mabare (imidugudu 8) * Nawe (imidugudu 3) {{div col end}} == Abaturage == Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2012, Umurenge wa Rubona wari utuwe n'abaturage 24 136. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, wari utuwe n'abaturage 29 916.<ref name="citypop">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/rwamagana/5114__rubona/ |title=Rubona (Sector, Rwanda) – Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> == Uburezi == Umudugudu w'Urubyiruko wa Agahozo-Shalom (Agahozo-Shalom Youth Village) uri mu Murenge wa Rubona.<ref name="newtimes">{{Cite web |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/90860/National/agahozo-shalom-the-home-of-hope |title=Agahozo Shalom, the home of hope |website=The New Times |date=2013-04-08 |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Ni ikigo cyakira urubyiruko. Gifite ishuri ryisumbuye. Andi mashuri yisumbuye ari muri uyu murenge ni: * Groupe Scolaire Rubona * École Secondaire de Mabare * GS Nawe [[Ishuri ry’Imyuga rya Rubona mu karere ka Rwamagana|Ishuri ry’Imyuga rya Rubona]] (Tubona Vocational Training Centre) naryo riri muri uyu murenge. == Ubuvuzi n'ibikorwaremezo == Umurenge ufite Ikigo Nderabuzima cya Rubona. Ku butaka bwa Agahozo-Shalom hari uruganda rwa mbere mu Rwanda rutanga amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba ku muyoboro w'igihugu.<ref name="asyv">{{Cite web |url=https://www.asyv.org/stories/2013/7/23/rwandas-first-grid-connected-solar-park-and-its-at-asyv |title=Rwanda's first grid-connected solar park (and it's at ASYV!) |website=Agahozo-Shalom Youth Village |date=2013-07-23 |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Muri uyu murenge kandi hari isoko rya kijyambere. == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Rwamagana}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Rwamagana]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Rubona]] 16adspg91wxwczmoejizn8vx91fbvpo 10 7114 148507 81371 2026-11-03T12:26:14Z Score Beethoven 11559 148507 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox | name = Afurika | state = uncollapsed | title = [[Afurika|Igihugu muri Afurika]] | listclass = hlist | list1 = * [[Afurika y’Epfo]] * [[Aligeriya]] * [[Angola]] * [[Bene]] * [[Botswana]] * [[Burukina Faso]] * [[Cade]] * [[Kameruni]] * [[Kapu Veri]] * [[Komore]] * [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]] * [[Kongo]] * [[Kote Divuwari]] * [[Eritereya]] * [[Eswatini]] * [[Etiyopiya]] * [[Gabon]] * [[Gambiya]] * [[Gana]] * [[Gineya]] * [[Gineya-Biso]] * [[Gineya Ekwatoriyale]] * [[Jibuti]] * [[Kenya]] * [[Lesoto]] * [[Liberiya]] * [[Libiya]] * [[Madagasikari]] * [[Malawi]] * [[Mali]] * [[Misiri]] * [[Moritaniya]] * [[Morise]] * [[Maroke]] * [[Mozambike]] * [[Namibiya]] * [[Nigeri]] * [[Nijeriya]] * [[Repubulika ya Santara Afurika]] * [[Rwanda]] * [[Sawo Tome na Purensipe]] * [[Senegali]] * [[Seyishele]] * [[Siyera Lewone]] * [[Somaliya]] * [[Sudani]] * [[Sudani y’Amajyepfo]] * [[Tanzaniya]] * [[Togo]] * [[Tunisiya]] * [[Ubugande]] * [[Uburundi]] * [[Zambiya]] * [[Zimbabwe]] }}<noinclude> </noinclude> 1ygrgjvk0n9u0t7490gr7prtfem4k95 0 7449 148550 143659 2026-11-03T13:01:49Z Score Beethoven 11559 148550 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Akarere ka Gakenke''' ni kamwe mu turere dutanu tugize [[Intara y’Amajyaruguru y’u Rwanda|Intara y'Amajyaruguru]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Gafite ubuso bwa 704,06 km² n'abaturage 365 292. Kagizwe n'imirenge 19. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → Uturere → [[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Imirenge]] → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Ubuso n'imbibi == [[File:Kabuye Hike.jpg|thumb|left|Imisozi yo mu Karere ka Gakenke]] Mu majyaruguru, Akarere ka Gakenke gahana imbibi n'[[Akarere ka Musanze]]. Mu burengerazuba hari uturere twa [[Akarere ka Nyabihu|Nyabihu]] na [[Akarere ka Ngororero|Ngororero]]. Mu majyepfo ashyira uburengerazuba hari [[Akarere ka Muhanga]]. Mu majyepfo hari [[Akarere ka Kamonyi]]. Mu burasirazuba hari [[Akarere ka Rulindo]]. Mu majyaruguru ashyira uburasirazuba hari [[Akarere ka Burera]].<ref name="menya">{{Cite web |url=https://www.gakenke.gov.rw/akarere/menya-akarere |title=Menya Akarere |website=gakenke.gov.rw |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-22}}</ref> Ibiro by'akarere biri mu Murenge wa Gakenke, mu Kagari ka Rusagara, mu Mudugudu wa Kabaya. Akarere kagizwe n'[[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|imirenge]] 19, [[akagari|utugari]] 97 n'[[imidugudu]] 617. Gafite ubuso bwa 704,06 km².<ref name="menya"/> Muri 2022, akarere kari gatuwe n'abaturage 365 292. Abagore ni 192 692, abagabo ni 172 600. Ubucucike ni abaturage 520 kuri km².<ref name="menya"/> Abaturage 96 % batuye mu cyaro.<ref name="nisr">{{Cite web |url=https://www.statistics.gov.rw/sites/default/files/2025-05/Gakenke.pdf |title=Fifth Population and Housing Census, Rwanda, 2022: District Profile, Gakenke |publisher=NISR |date=2023-09-01 |language=en |access-date=2026-10-22}}</ref> == Imirenge == Akarere ka Gakenke kagizwe n'imirenge 19:<ref name="menya"/> {{div col|colwidth=15em}} # Busengo # Coko # Cyabingo # Gakenke # Gashenyi # [[Janja sector|Janja]] # Kamubuga # Karambo # Kivuruga # Mataba # Minazi # Mugunga # Muhondo # Muyongwe # Muzo # [[Umurenge wa Nemba|Nemba]] # Ruli # Rusasa # [[Umurenge wa Rushashi|Rushashi]] {{div col end}} == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Gakenke District|Amafoto y'Akarere ka Gakenke]] kuri Wikimedia Commons {{Palette Intara n'Uturere by'u Rwanda}} {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Gakenke}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Gakenke]] [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Gakenke| ]] 2mo1nyn6ylfp7lq6tgto84ncuk20fah 0 7502 148716 143823 2026-11-03T13:08:51Z Score Beethoven 11559 148716 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox umurenge}} '''Umurenge wa Sovu''' ni umwe mu mirenge 13 igize [[Akarere ka Ngororero]], mu [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba]], mu [[Rwanda]]. Ugizwe n'utugari 6. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, Umurenge wa Sovu wari utuwe n'abaturage 31 966. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → [[Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Uturere]] → Imirenge → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Ubumenyi bw’isi == [[Dosiye:Rwanda, Ngororero District.png|thumb|left|Ikarita y'Akarere ka Ngororero]] Umurenge wa Sovu ufite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 54,67.<ref name="citypop">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/ngororero/3513__sovu/ |title=Sovu (Sector, Rwanda) |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Uhana imbibi n’imirenge ya Bwira, [[Umurenge wa Kageyo|Kageyo]] na Kavumu.<ref name="ikarita">{{Cite web |url=https://www.ngororero.gov.rw/index.php?eID=dumpFile&f=21943&t=f&token=75b4a66b55db52006881b56cfee7ea9bafc67339 |title=Ngororero District Map |website=ngororero.gov.rw |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Ahenshi muri Sovu hari imisozi miremire n’amashyamba.<ref name="urubyiruko">{{Cite web |url=https://www.ngororero.gov.rw/news-detail-1/urubyiruko-rwo-mu-mirenge-ya-sovu-na-gatumba-mu-rugamba-rwo-kwivana-mu-bukene-n-ubushomeri |title=Urubyiruko rwo mu mirenge ya Sovu na Gatumba mu rugamba rwo kwivana mu bukene n’ubushomeri |author=Eloi Isengwe |website=ngororero.gov.rw |language=rw |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220711154204/https://www.ngororero.gov.rw/news-detail-1/urubyiruko-rwo-mu-mirenge-ya-sovu-na-gatumba-mu-rugamba-rwo-kwivana-mu-bukene-n-ubushomeri |archive-date=2022-07-11 |url-status=dead |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> == Utugari == Umurenge wa Sovu ugizwe n'[[Akagari|utugari]] 6:<ref name="ikarita"/><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://gitlab.com/Bercove/rwanda-locations/-/blob/master/Rwanda_Locations.json |title=Rwanda Locations |website=GitLab |language=en |access-date=2026-07-21}}</ref> {{div col|colwidth=15em}} * Birembo * Kagano * Kanyana * Musenyi * Nyabipfura * Rutovu {{div col end}} == Abaturage == [[Dosiye:LL-Q33573 (kin)-Adeline07-Sovu.wav|thumb|left|Uko izina Sovu rivugwa]] Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2012, Umurenge wa Sovu wari utuwe n'abaturage 26 855. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, wari utuwe n'abaturage 31 966. Ubucucike bwari abantu 585 kuri kilometero kare.<ref name="citypop"/> == Ubukungu == Akarere ka Ngororero gahinga [[icyayi]] n’[[ikawa]]. Imiterere y’ubutaka n’ikirere byo muri Sovu ibereye ubuhinzi bw’icyayi. Ni na ko bimeze muri Kageyo, Kavumu na Muhanda.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://adaptationataltitude.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/social_assessment.pdf |title=The Landscape Approach to Forest Restoration and Conservation (LAFREC) Project in Rwanda: Social Assessment Final Report |author=Tharcisse Musabyimana |publisher=Rwanda Environment Management Authority |page=31 |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Guhera mu 2018–2019, Akarere ka Ngororero kahaye amakoperative y’urubyiruko inkunga y’amatungo. Muri Sovu, amakoperative y’urubyiruko yahawe ingurube. Ntiyahawe [[inkoko]] kubera ubutumburuke n’imbeho. Amwe muri ayo makoperative yahuye n’ibibazo byinshi.<ref name="urubyiruko"/> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Ngororero}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Ngororero|Sovu]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Sovu]] sgxi7dw6hdthf5u8mlgon65lmg203mt 0 7518 148641 143745 2026-11-03T13:05:35Z Score Beethoven 11559 148641 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox umurenge}} '''Umurenge wa Kiziguro''' ni umwe mu mirenge 14 igize [[Akarere ka Gatsibo]], mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]], mu [[Rwanda]]. Ugizwe n'utugari 4. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, Umurenge wa Kiziguro wari utuwe n'abaturage 39 757. Muri uyu murenge hari [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kiziguro]]. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → [[Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Uturere]] → Imirenge → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Utugari == [[Dosiye:Rwanda, Gatsibo District.png|thumb|left|Ikarita y'Akarere ka Gatsibo]] Umurenge wa Kiziguro ni umwe mu mirenge 14 y'Akarere ka Gatsibo.<ref name="citypop" /> Ugizwe n'[[Akagari|utugari]] 4:<ref name="gatsibo">{{Cite web |url=https://www.gatsibo.gov.rw/updates/announcements/imirenge-nutugari |title=Imirenge n'utugari |website=gatsibo.gov.rw |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> {{div col|colwidth=15em}} * Agakomeye * Mbogo * Ndatemwa * Rubona {{div col end}} == Abaturage == Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2012, Umurenge wa Kiziguro wari utuwe n'abaturage 29 996. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, wari utuwe n'abaturage 39 757.<ref name="citypop">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/53__gatsibo/ |title=Gatsibo (District, Rwanda) – Sectors |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> == Amateka == Mu 1994, Kiziguro yari muri Komini Murambi. Ku wa 11 Mata 1994, mu gihe cya [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]], Abatutsi bari bahungiye kuri Kiliziya ya Paruwasi Gatolika ya Kiziguro barishwe.<ref name="minubumwe">{{Cite web |url=https://www.minubumwe.gov.rw/news-detail/tariki-ya-11-mata-1994-uko-jenoside-yakorewe-abatutsi-yakozwe-hirya-no-hino-mu-gihugu |title=Tariki ya 11 Mata 1994: uko Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yakozwe hirya no hino mu gihugu |website=MINUBUMWE |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Muri uyu murenge hari [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kiziguro]]. == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Kiziguro Sector|Amafoto y'Umurenge wa Kiziguro]] kuri Wikimedia Commons {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Gatsibo}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Gatsibo]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Kiziguro]] agfxw0619gw1l6z0rqahhoxo5zxkln1 0 7823 148712 143863 2026-11-03T13:08:42Z Score Beethoven 11559 148712 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox umurenge}} '''Umurenge wa Rutunga''' ni umwe mu [[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|mirenge]] 15 igize [[Akarere ka Gasabo]], mu [[Kigali|Mujyi wa Kigali]], mu [[Rwanda]]. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, Umurenge wa Rutunga wari utuwe n'abaturage 22 468. Ugizwe n'utugari 6. Muri uyu murenge hari urwibutso rwa [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]]. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → [[Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Uturere]] → Imirenge → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Ubuso n'utugari == [[Dosiye:Rwanda, Gasabo District.png|thumb|left|Ikarita y'Akarere ka Gasabo]] Umurenge wa Rutunga ni umwe mu mirenge 15 y'Akarere ka Gasabo.<ref name="menya">{{Cite web |url=https://www.gasabo.gov.rw/about/menya-akarere |title=Menya Akarere |website=gasabo.gov.rw |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Ufite ubuso bwa km² 42,71.<ref name="citypop">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/gasabo/1215__rutunga/ |title=Rutunga (Sector, Rwanda) – Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Ugizwe n'[[Akagari|utugari]] 6:<ref name="menya" /> {{div col|colwidth=15em}} * Gasabo * Kabaliza * Kacyatwa * Kagabiro * Kibenga * Ndatemwa {{div col end}} == Abaturage == Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2012, Umurenge wa Rutunga wari utuwe n'abaturage 17 906. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, wari utuwe n'abaturage 22 468. Abagabo bari 10 865. Abagore bari 11 603. Abaturage bose batuye mu cyaro.<ref name="citypop" /> == Urwibutso rwa Jenoside == Mu Murenge wa Rutunga hari urwibutso rwa [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]]. Ku rwibutso rwa Rutunga habarurwa abazize Jenoside 141.<ref name="nt-rms">{{Cite web |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/26503/news/kwibuka/rwanda-medical-supply-honours-genocide-victims |title=Rwanda Medical Supply honours Genocide victims |last=Ufitiwabo |first=Aurore Teta |website=The New Times |date=2025-05-17 |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Gasabo}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Gasabo|Rutunga]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Rutunga]] 2pjnmrdaau5znmhri1rka758atg3jjp 0 7840 148765 146091 2026-11-03T15:44:09Z Score Beethoven 11559 148765 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mihigo Kizito''' (yavukiye i [[Umurenge wa Kibeho|Kibeho]] taliki ya 25 [[Nyakanga]] 1981 − 17 [[Gashyantare]] 2020 i [[Kigali]]) ni umuhanzi, umucuranzi n'umuririmbyi w'umunyarwanda.<ref>[http://www.kizitomihigo.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=194&Itemid=161&lang=rw Amateka ya Kizito Mihigo - Kizitomihigo.com]</ref>Amavu n'amavuko Kizito Mihigo yavutse ku wa gatandatu, taliki ya 25 Nyakanga 1981, i [[Umurenge wa Kibeho|Kibeho]], umwe mu mirenge y’Akarere ka [[Nyaruguru]], mu cyahoze ari Perefegitura ya [[Gikongoro]] mu ntara y’[[Amajyepfo]] y’u [[Rwanda]].Ni [[umwana]] wa gatatu mu bana batandatu. Ababyeyi be Buguzi Augustin na Ilibagiza Placidie, bamureze mu bukristu gatolika.<ref name="Igihe">[https://web.archive.org/web/20190211074253/http://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/muzika/abahanzi/kizito-mihigo/biography-13647 Ubuzima bwa Kizito Mihigo] Igihe.com, [[Nyakanga]] 2013</ref> == Ibyiruka == Afite imyaka icyenda yatangiye guhimba uturirimbo tw’abana, maze nyuma y’imyaka itanu, aza kuvamo umuhanzi w’indirimbo za Kiriziya Gatolika uzwi mu Rwanda. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150923060017/http://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/article/2012-11-20/59903/ Kizito Mihigo uses music to promote peace and reconciliation] - The New Times (Mu Cyongereza), 20 [[Ugushyingo]] 2012</ref> Mu mwaka wa 1994 ise umubyara (Buguzi Augustin) yishwe muri [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]]. Mu binyamakuru bitandukanye, Kizito Mihigo yakunze kuvuga ko gucika ku icumu rya Jenoside yakorewe [[Abatutsi]] biri mu byamuhaye inganzo y’ubutumwa aririmba.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150518075007/http://www.alterinfo.net/GENOCIDE-AU-RWANDA-13-ans-apres-Temoignage-du-rescape-KIZITO-MIHIGO-CROIRE-EN-DIEU-APRES-LE-GENOCIDE_a8443.html Génocide au Rwanda - 13 ans après: Témoignage du rescapé Kizito Mihigo] - Alter Infos (Mu Gifaransa), [[Gicurasi]] 2007</ref> Amaze kugira imyaka 14, ubwo yigaga mu mwaka wa mbere muri Seminari nto ya [[Karubanda]] i [[Butare]], yahimbye indirimbo nyinshi ziririmbwa muri [[Kiliziya Gatolika]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Mu mwaka wa 2000, (ubwo yari afite imyaka 19), Kizito Mihigo yari afite indirimbo zirenga 200 za Missa.<ref name="imirasire">[http://www.imirasire.com/amakuru-yose/imyidagaduro/mu-rwanda-50/article/sobanukirwa-n-amwe-mu-mateka-y-umuhanzi-kizito-mihigo/ Sobanukirwa n’ amwe mu mateka y’ umuhanzi Kizito Mihigo] - Imirasire.com, 7 Mata 2014</ref> Mu mwaka wa 2001 yagize uruhare mu ishyirwa mu manota ry'[[Rwanda Nziza|indirimbo yubahiriza igihugu]].<ref>[http://www.panapress.com/Un-artiste-rwandais-s-insurge-contre-les--falsificateurs-de-l-histoire--du-genocide-de-1994--13-769237-18-lang2-index.html Un artiste rwandais s'insurge contre les "falsificateurs de l'histoire" du génocide de 1994] - Panapress.com (Mu Gifaransa), 7 Mata 2014</ref> == Amashuri ya muzika == [[Dosiye:LogoCNSMDP.svg|thumb|Ishuri ryigisha umuzikki riherereye mu mujyi wa Paris mu bufaransa aho nyakwigendera KIZITO Mihigo yize |336x336px]] Mu mwaka wa 2003 yagiye kwiga Muzika mu [[Uburayi|Burayi]], maze mu kwezi kwa cyenda 2008, aza kubona impamyabumenyi DFE « Diplôme de Fin d’Etudes », mu ishuri rya [[Conservatoire de Musique]] de [[Paris]] mu [[Ubufaransa|Bufaransa]]<ref name="imirasire"/> Yigishije muzika mu ishuri ryisumbuye « Institut provincial » ryo mu [[Ububirigi|Bubiligi]], kuva mu mwaka wa 2008 kugeza muri 2010. <ref name="imirasire"/> ===Ibihangano=== Kizito Mihigo afite indirimbo zigera kuri 400 ziganjemo izo mu Kiriziya G atorika<ref name="bbc">[https://www.bbc.com/afrique/region/2014/12/141229_kizito_rwanda Rwanda: la perpétuité requise pour Kizito Mihigo] - [[BBC]] (Mu Gifaransa), 30 Ukuboza 2014</ref>. Kuva yagera ku mugabane w’u Burayi, uyu [[Umuhanzi Kamariza|muhanzi]] yatangiye guhimba n’izindi ndirimbo zitari iza [[Kiriziya]], ahubwo zitanga ubutumwa bw'Amahoro n'Ubwiyunge muri sosiyete cyane cyane mu Banyarwanda.<ref name="Igihe"/> Izagiye zimenyekana ni nka: *Twanze gutoberwa amateka *Turi abana b’u Rwanda *Umujinya Mwiza *Ijoro ribara uwariraye *Inuma *Iteme *Arc en ciel *Urugamba rwo Kwibohora *Intare yampaye agaciro *Igisobanuro cy'urupfu ==Ubukangurambaga ku bumwe n'ubwiyunge== Mu mwaka wa 2010, Kizito Mihigo yashinze ''[[Fondation Kizito Mihigo pour la Paix]] (Kizito Mihigo Peace Foundation) - KMP - '' iharanira amahoro n’ubumuntu mu bantu. <ref name="Igihe"/> [[Dosiye:Rwanda_Makes_Peace_sign.jpg|thumb|Nyakwigendera Kizito Mihigo yaranzwe n'ibikorwa by'urukundo no guharanira amahoro ariko nyuma y'igihe kirekire aza gusubira inyuma bimuviramo guhanwa n'amategeko y'u Rwanda]] Iyi fondation yashinzwe hagamijwe ubukangurambaga ku bumwe n’ubwiyunge ikoresheje ubuhanzi, muri za gereza, no mu mashuri <ref name="amahoro">[https://web.archive.org/web/20170924091414/http://www.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/muzika/abahanzi/kizito-mihigo/amakuru/article/kizito-mihigo-na-kmp-bizihije Kizito Mihigo na KMP bizihije umunsi mpuzamahanga w’amahoro ] - Igihe.com, Nzeri 2013</ref>. KMP kandi yakoraga ibyitwa ''Ikiganiro mpuzamadini'' cyahuzaga abanyamadini batandukanye kuri Radiyo na Televiziyo by'igihugu mu isaha imwe mu cyumweru yahariwe y'ikiganiro kitwa ''Umusanzu w'Umuhanzi'' cyategurwaga na Fondation KMP. <ref name="amadini">[https://web.archive.org/web/20151103052032/http://www.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/muzika/abahanzi/kizito-mihigo/amakuru/article/kizito-mihigo-yashyize-ahagaragara Kizito Mihigo yashyize ahagaragara ibiganiro mpuzamadini bibera muri KMP ] - Igihe.com, Mutarama 2014</ref>. === Ibihembo yahawe === Muri [[Kanama]] 2011, Kizito Mihigo yahawe n'umufasha wa Perezida wa Repuburika, Madamu [[Jeannette Kagame]], igihembo cyagenewe urubyiruko rw'indashyikirwa (CYRWA award).<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20170814175430/http://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/article/2011-08-20/84730/ First Lady awards Young Rwandan Archivers] - The New Times (Mu Cyongereza), 21 Kanama 2011</ref> Muri [[Mata]] 2013, Kizito na Fondation ye bahawe n'Ikigo cy'Igihugu cy'Imiyiborere (RGB), igihembo cy'amafaranga y'u Rwanda 8 000 000 (Miliyoni Umunani), nk'umuryango utari uwa Leta ukora ibikorwa bishyigikira imiyobore myiza <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20151006165523/http://greatlakesvoice.com/civil-society-organs-win-rgb-grants/ Civil Society Organs win RGB awards] - Great Lakes Voice (Mu Cyongereza), 21 Mata 2013</ref> ==Ubuzima bwe bwite== Kizito Mihigo ni ingaragu, kandi nta mwana afite. Ni umukirisitu gatorika, n'umukunzi wa Karate na Sinema. <ref name="independent">[https://web.archive.org/web/20150518082613/http://www.independent.co.ug/rwanda-ed/rwanda/6524-peace-messenger Kizito Mihigo using music to spread peace in society] - The Independent (Mu Cyongereza), 3 Ukwakira 2012</ref>. Kuva mu mwaka wa 2009, yagiye yandikwa n'ibinyamakuru by'imyidagaduro byo mu Rwanda, nk'umwe mu basore bakurura abakobwa benshi mu gihugu. Muri 2012 yavuzweho urukundo rw'ibanga hamwe n'umuririmbyikazi [[Miss Jojo]], ariko babajijwe n'itangazamakuru, bose barabihakana <ref name="independent"/>. ==Ifungwa n'urubanza== Tariki ya 15 [[Mata]] 2014, [[Polisi]] y'igihugu yerekanye uyu muhanzi ivuga ko yamufatiye mu byaha byo kugambanira ubutegetsi buriho na [[Perezida wa Repubulika y'u Rwanda]] [[Paul Kagame]]. Imbere y'itangazamakuru, Kizito Mihigo yarabyemeye abisabira imbabazi.<ref name="arrestation">[http://rfi.fr/afrique/20140416-rwanda-kagame-karegeya-kizito-mihigo-fdlr-rnc-fpr-attaque-police/ Rwanda: quatre personnes arrêtées, dont le chanteur Kizito Mihigo] - [[RFI]] (Mu Gifaransa), 16 Mata 2014 </ref> Kuvuga ko Kizito Mihigo yafashwe byatangajwe amaze iminsi irenga icyumweru aburiwe irengero <ref name="umuryango">[https://web.archive.org/web/20140925230014/http://umuryango.rw/spip.php?article11824 Kizito Mihigo ari he? Ese yaba yaratangiye guhura n’ingaruka z’"Igisobanuro cy’urupfu"?] - Umuryango.rw, 16 [[Mata]] 2014</ref>. N'ubwo polisi y'u Rwanda yari yabanje kuvuga ko itazi aho uyu muhanzi yari ari mu cyumweru cyabanjirije iyerekanwa rye, urubuga [[WikiLeaks]] ruzwiho kumena amabanga ya za Leta zitandukanye zo ku isi rwavuze ko Kizito Mihigo yari yafashwe tariki ya 4 Mata, ni ukuvuga iminsi icumi mbere y'uko polisi imwerekana.<ref name="WikiLeaks">[https://web.archive.org/web/20150918111224/http://www.wikileaks-forum.com/rwanda/581/-le-timing-de-larrestation-de-kizito-mihigo/29347/ Le timing de l'arrestation de Kizito Mihigo] - [[WikiLeaks]] (Mu Gifaransa) 14 Mata 2014</ref>. === Indirimbo yateye ikibazo === Gufatwa kwa Kizito Mihigo kandi, byabaye amaze gusohora indirimbo yitwa ''Igisobanuro cy'urupfu''. Iyi ndirimbo ntiyashimishije abategetsi b'u Rwanda kuko yahise ibuzwa gucurangwa igisohoka ndetse ikurwa no kuri Internet. Mu nkuru zijyanye n'ifatwa rya Mihigo ndetse n'urubanza rwe, ibinyamakuru mpuzamahanga nka [[BBC]], televiziyo [[Al Jazeera]], televiziyo [[France 24]], [[Radio France Internationale]] na Radio [[France Inter]], byagarutse kenshi kuri iyo ndirimbo, bigaragaza ko uyu muhanzi ashobora kuba yarazize amwe mu magambo ayigize. Muri iyi ndirimbo ifite iminota isaga icumi, harimo amagambo nka: " ''Jenoside yangize imfubyi, ariko ntikanyibagize abandi bantu nabo bababaye bazize urugomo rutiswe Jenoside [...] Nta rupfu rwiza rubaho, rwaba Jenoside cyangwa Intambara, uwishwe n'abihorera, uwazize impanuka cyangwa uwazize indwara, abo bavandimwe bose ndabasabira... 'Ndi umunyarwanda' ijye ibanzirizwa na 'Ndi umuntu''..." <ref name="Al Jazeera">[http://america.aljazeera.com/articles/2014/12/11/rwanda-gospel-singerontrial.html Dissident ‘choirboy’: Rwandan gospel star on trial] - [[Al Jazeera]] (Mu Cyongereza),11 [[Ukuboza]] 2014 </ref><ref name="France24"/><ref name="France Inter">[http://www.franceinter.fr/emission-la-bas-si-jy-suis-rwanda-20-ans-un-pouvoir-autoritaire-et-alors Rwanda 20 ans, un pouvoir autoritaire ? Et alors ?...] - [[France Inter]] (Mu Gifaransa), 7 [[Gicurasi]] 2014 </ref>. === Ibyavuzwe n'abantu batandukanye nyuma y'ifungwa ry'uyu muhanzi === Nyuma y'ifatwa ry'uyu muhanzi wari uzwi nk'inshuti ikomeye y'ubutegetsi bw'u [[Rwanda]] n'umutoni wa Perezida [[Paul Kagame]], havuzwe byinshi mu itangazamakuru, abantu ku giti cyabo babivuga kwinshi, imiryango mpuzamahanga n'ibihugu bimwe na bimwe bigira icyo bitangaza. Umunyamakuru w'umubirigi [[Colette Braeckman]] yanditse ko Kizito Mihigo yafashijwe na Perezida Paul Kagame kwiga ibijyanye na Muzika mu [[Uburayi|Burayi]], avuga ko azi Kizito Mihigo ku giti cye, kandi ko atiyumvisha uburyo yakora ibyo ashinjwa<ref name="Le Soir">[http://blog.lesoir.be/colette-braeckman/2014/04/25/kizito-mihigo-chanteur-vedette-et-accuse-en-aveux/ Kizito Mihigo: Chanteur vedette et accusé en aveux] - [[Le Soir]] (Mu Gifaransa), 16 [[Mata]] 2014 </ref>,<ref name="rue">[https://web.archive.org/web/20160303165453/http://rue89.nouvelobs.com/note/233031 Kagamé off the record : « Il peut vous hypnotiser »] - [[Rue89]] (Mu Gifaransa), 7 Kamena 2014</ref>.Musenyeri [[Joseph André Léonard]] umushumba wa Arikidiyosezi ya [[Buruseri]] nawe yavuze ko yatunguwe cyane no kuba Kizito Mihigo yarafashwe nk'umugizi wa nabi. Ati: "Bibeshye ku muntu, jyewe sinshobora kubona muri Kizito Mihigo umuntu wagirira nabi igihugu<ref name="jambo">[http://www.jambonews.net/actualites/20150730-mgr-leonard-je-ne-peux-pas-voir-en-kizito-mihigo-un-homme-qui-serait-dangereux-pour-la-societe/ Mgr Léonard : « Je ne peux pas voir en Kizito Mihigo un homme qui serait dangereux pour la société »] - Jambo News (Mu Gifaransa), 30 [[Nyakanga]] 2015 </ref>. Ikinyamakuru "The [[Huffington Post]]" cyo cyatangaje ko abenshi mu bakurikirana ifatwa n'urubanza by'uyu muhanzi, bavuga ko Kizito Mihigo yategetswe kwemera ibyaha ashinjwa no kubisabira imbabazi kugira ngo abe yarekurwa. Icyo kinyamakuru kikavuga ko n'ubwo yabyubahirije, ntacyo byamumariye kuko atarekuwe nk'uko yari abyiteze.<ref name="huff">[http://www.huffpostmaghreb.com/faustin-kabanza/rwanda-le-chanteur-popula_b_8379394.html Rwanda: Le chanteur populaire Kizito Mihigo n'aura pas été libéré pour autant...] - [[Huffington Post]] (Mu Gifaransa), 27 Ukwakira 2014 </ref>. ==== Imiryango Mpuzamahanga ==== Nyuma y'ifatwa rya Kizito Mihigo n'abo bareganwa, imiryango mpuzamahanga itandukanye nka [[Fédération Internationale des Ligues des Droits de l'Homme]] - FIDH, [[Reporters Sans Frontières]], [[Amnesty Internationale]] na [[Human Rights Watch]] yanenze imyitwarire y'inzego z'umutekano z'u [[Rwanda]] zabanje guhisha abakekwa, mbere yo kuberekana. [[FIDH]] yavuze ko idasobanukiwe neza ifatwa rya Kizito Mihigo mu migambi yo guhungabanya umutekano kandi azwi nk'umuntu uharanira amahoro<ref name="FIDH">[http://rfi.fr/afrique/20140414-rwanda-trois-personnes-arretees-journaliste-chanteur-menace-attentat Rwanda: Trois personnes arrêtées, pour "menace" contre l'État] - [[RFI]] (Mu Gifaransa), 14 Mata 2014 </ref>. ==== Ibihugu ==== [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Amerika]] n'[[Ubwongereza]], byavuze ko bihangayikishijwe n'ifatwa ry'uyu muhanzi n'abo bareganwa. [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Amerika|Amerika]] yasabye Leta y'u [[Rwanda]] kugenera Kizito Mihigo na bagenzi be urubanza rw'intabera, kandi mu Rwanda hakubahirizwa uburenganzira bwo gutanga ibitekerezo n'ubw'itangazamakuru <ref name="USA">[http://www.rfi.fr/afrique/20140424-rwanda-washington-preoccupe-vague-arrestations/Rwanda: Washington préoccupé par la vague d'arrestations] - [[RFI]] (Mu Gifaransa), 24 Mata 2014 </ref>. ===Urubanza=== Tariki ya 6 [[Ugushyingo]] 2014, nyuma yo gusubikwa inshuro ebyiri, nibwo urubanza rwa Mihigo rwatangiye. Kizito Mihigo yongeye kwemera ibyaha byose ashinjwa, avuga ko abyicuza kandi abisabira imbabazi.<ref name="RTBF">[https://web.archive.org/web/20150923085611/http://www.rtbf.be/culture/musique/detail_rwanda-accuse-de-terrorisme-le-musicien-kizito-mihigo-plaide-coupable?id=8395801 Rwanda: accusé de "terrorisme", le musicien Kizito Mihigo plaide coupable] - [[RTBF]] (Mu Gifaransa), 6 [[Ugushyingo]] 2014</ref>. Abareganwa na Kizito Mihigo, bose (uko ari batatu) baburanye bahakana ibyo baregwa, ndetse bakavuga ko bakorewe iyicarubozo<ref name="Daily Mail">[http://www.dailymail.co.uk/wires/afp/article-2853028/Rwandan-accused-plotting-against-regime-alleges-torture.html Rwandan accused of plotting against regime alleges torture] - [[Daily Mail]] (Mu Cyongereza), 28 Ugushyingo 2014 </ref>. ===Icyifuzo cy'ubushinjacyaha=== Muri uru rubanza, ubushinjacyaha bwasabiye Kizito Mihigo igihano cyo gufungwa burundu.<ref name="bbc"/> ===Icyemezo cy'urukiko=== Tariki ya 27 Gashyantare 2015, urukiko rukuru rwa [[Kigali]] rwakatiye uyu muhanzi igihano cy'imyaka icumi y'igifungo. Rwamuhamije ibyaha byo kugambirira kugirira nabi ubutegetsi, ariko rumukuraho icyaha cy'iterabwoba. <ref name="France24">[http://france24.com/fr/20150228-rwanda-chanteur-populaire-kizito-mihigo-condamne-a-10-ans-prison-genocide-tutsi-hutu-kagame Le chanteur rwandais Kizito Mihigo condamné à 10 ans de prison] - [[France 24]] (Mu Gifaransa), 27 Gashyantare 2015 </ref> ===Imbabazi za Perezida wa Repuburika=== Tariki ya 14 Nzeri 2018, nyuma yo kureka ikirego cy'ubujurire yari yaratanze mu rukiko rw'ikirenga, umuhanzi Kizito Mihigo yahawe imbabazi na Perezida wa Repuburika [[Paul Kagame]]. Mihigo yasohotse muri gereza ari kumwe na Madamu Victoire Ingabire Umuhoza, umunyapolitiki nawe wari umaze imyaka 8 mu buroko. <ref name="Imbabazi">[https://web.archive.org/web/20180917083727/http://www.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/kizito-mihigo-na-ingabire-victoire-barekuwe Perezida Kagame yahaye imbabazi Kizito Mihigo na Ingabire Victoire] Igihe.com, [[Nzeri]] 2018</ref> Yongeye gufatwa ku ya 13 [[Gashyantare]] 2020. Yapfiriye mu kasho ka polisi ku ya 17 Gashyantare 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kemigihsa |first=Ritah |date=17 February 2020 |title=Detained Rwandan musician dies in police cell |url=http://www.kfm.co.ug/news/detained-rwandan-musician-dies-in-police-cell.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200218222504/http://www.kfm.co.ug/news/detained-rwandan-musician-dies-in-police-cell.html |archive-date=18 February 2020 |access-date=19 February 2020 |website=kfm.co.ug}}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} ==Imbuga zimuvuga== *[http://www.kizitomihigo.com Urubuga bwite rwa Kizito Mihigo] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20130116033158/http://www.kmp.rw/ Urubuga rwa Fondation KMP] {{DEFAULTSORT:Mihigo, Kizito}} [[Category: Abahanzi]] [[Category: Abaririmbyi]] [[Category: Abagabo]] [[Category: Abanyarwanda]] [[Category: Umuziki nyarwanda]] dkfi3jnu7bxsh7vlhaymrahk9eoapsa 0 7896 148645 143802 2026-11-03T13:05:47Z Score Beethoven 11559 148645 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox umurenge}} '''Umurenge wa Mimuri''' ni umwe mu mirenge 14 igize [[Akarere ka Nyagatare]], mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]], mu [[Rwanda]]. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, Umurenge wa Mimuri wari utuwe n'abaturage 34 373. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → [[Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Uturere]] → Imirenge → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Aho uherereye == [[Dosiye:Rwanda, Nyagatare District.png|thumb|left|Ikarita y'Akarere ka Nyagatare]] Umurenge wa Mimuri ni umwe mu mirenge 14 y'Akarere ka Nyagatare.<ref name="menya">{{Cite web |url=https://www.nyagatare.gov.rw/akarere/menya-akarere |title=Menya Akarere |website=nyagatare.gov.rw |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Ufite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 47,73.<ref name="citypop">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/nyagatare/5207__mimuri/ |title=Mimuri (Sector, Rwanda) |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> == Abaturage == Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2012, Umurenge wa Mimuri wari utuwe n'abaturage 27 211. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, wari utuwe n'abaturage 34 373.<ref name="citypop" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Nyagatare}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Nyagatare]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Mimuri]] 88szgnuy686rckl56y9463w41c8d2ov 0 7914 148674 143907 2026-11-03T13:07:07Z Score Beethoven 11559 148674 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox umurenge}} '''Umurenge wa Niboye''' ni umwe mu [[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|mirenge]] 10 igize [[Akarere ka Kicukiro]], mu [[Kigali|Mujyi wa Kigali]], mu [[Rwanda]]. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, Umurenge wa Niboye wari utuwe n'abaturage 26 912. Ugizwe n'utugari 3. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → [[Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Uturere]] → Imirenge → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Ubuso n'utugari == [[Dosiye:Niboye Sector.jpg|thumb|left|Ikimenyetso cy'agaseke mu Murenge wa Niboye]] Umurenge wa Niboye ni umwe mu mirenge 10 y'Akarere ka Kicukiro.<ref name="kicukiro">{{Cite web |url=https://www.kicukiro.gov.rw/akarere/menya-akarere-1 |title=Abanyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa b'Imirenge |website=kicukiro.gov.rw |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Ufite ubuso bwa km² 5,03.<ref name="citypop">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/kicukiro/1309__niboye/ |title=Niboye (Sector, Rwanda) – Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Ugizwe n'[[Akagari|utugari]] 3:<ref name="kicukiro" /> {{div col|colwidth=15em}} * Gatare * Niboye * Nyakabanda {{div col end}} == Abaturage == Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2012, Umurenge wa Niboye wari utuwe n'abaturage 26 197. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, wari utuwe n'abaturage 26 912. Abagabo bari 13 652. Abagore bari 13 260. Abaturage bose batuye mu mujyi.<ref name="citypop" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Niboye Sector|Amafoto y’Umurenge wa Niboye]] kuri Wikimedia Commons {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Kicukiro}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Kicukiro|Niboye]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Niboye]] mq04guokoji7sfiger17h6ugdf9mf5b 0 7940 148612 143715 2026-11-03T13:04:31Z Score Beethoven 11559 148612 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox umurenge}} '''Umurenge wa Jali''' ni umwe mu mirenge 15 igize [[Akarere ka Gasabo]], mu [[Kigali|Mujyi wa Kigali]], mu [[Rwanda]]. Ugizwe n'utugari 7. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, Umurenge wa Jali wari utuwe n'abaturage 41 156. Muri uyu murenge hari urwibutso rwa [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]]. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → [[Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Uturere]] → Imirenge → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Ubuso n'utugari == [[Dosiye:Rwanda, Gasabo District.png|thumb|left|upright=0.5|Akarere ka Gasabo]] Umurenge wa Jali ni umwe mu mirenge 15 y'Akarere ka Gasabo. Ufite ubuso bwa km² 37,37.<ref name="citypop">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/12__gasabo/ |title=Gasabo (District, Rwanda) – Sectors |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-23}}</ref> Ugizwe n'[[Akagari|utugari]] 7:<ref name="menya">{{Cite web |url=https://www.gasabo.gov.rw/about/menya-akarere |title=Menya Akarere |website=gasabo.gov.rw |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-23}}</ref> {{div col|colwidth=15em}} * Agateko * Buhiza * Muko * Nkusi * Nyabuliba * Nyakabungo * Nyamitanga {{div col end}} {{clear|left}} == Abaturage == Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2012, Umurenge wa Jali wari utuwe n'abaturage 25 057. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, wari utuwe n'abaturage 41 156.<ref name="citypop" /> == Urwibutso rwa Jenoside == Mu Murenge wa Jali hari urwibutso rwa [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]]. Ku rwibutso rwa Jali habarurwa abazize Jenoside barenga 25 023.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/26503/news/kwibuka/rwanda-medical-supply-honours-genocide-victims |title=Rwanda Medical Supply honours Genocide victims |last=Ufitiwabo |first=Aurore Teta |website=The New Times |date=2025-05-17 |language=en |access-date=2026-10-23}}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Jali Sector|Amafoto y'Umurenge wa Jali]] kuri Wikimedia Commons {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Gasabo}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Gasabo]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Jali]] dnmtnh5g98zdq7u00wg15yghuqiqg6f 0 7990 148653 143891 2026-11-03T13:06:08Z Score Beethoven 11559 148653 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox umurenge}} '''Umurenge wa Muhoza''' ni umwe mu [[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|mirenge]] 15 igize [[Akarere ka Musanze]], mu [[Intara y’Amajyaruguru y’u Rwanda|Ntara y’Amajyaruguru]] y’u [[Rwanda]]. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, Umurenge wa Muhoza wari utuwe n'abaturage 69 741. Abenshi muri bo batuye mu mujyi. Umurenge wa Muhoza ugizwe n'utugari 4. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → [[Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Uturere]] → Imirenge → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Utugari == [[Dosiye:Rwanda, Musanze District.png|thumb|left|Ikarita y'Akarere ka Musanze]] Akarere ka Musanze kagizwe n'imirenge 15, utugari 68 n'imidugudu 432. Umurenge wa Muhoza ugizwe n'[[Akagari|utugari]] 4 n'imidugudu 26.<ref name="impine">{{Cite web |url=https://www.musanze.gov.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/musanze/Inyandiko/NJYANAMA/MUSANZE_BOOKLET_BUDGET_2022_2023_VALIDATED.pdf |title=Impine y'ingengo y'imari n'ibikorwa by'ingenzi mu umwaka wa 2022-2023 |website=Akarere ka Musanze |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Utugari tw'Umurenge wa Muhoza ni utu:<ref name="mindat">{{Cite web |url=https://www.mindat.org/feature-11186848.html |title=Muhoza, Musanze District, Northern Province, Rwanda |website=Mindat |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> {{div col|colwidth=15em}} * Cyabararika * Kigombe * Mpenge * Ruhengeri {{div col end}} == Abaturage == [[Dosiye:Musanze (Ruhengeri), 2018.jpg|thumb|left|Umujyi wa Musanze (Ruhengeri) mu 2018]] Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2012, Umurenge wa Muhoza wari utuwe n'abaturage 51 878. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, wari utuwe n'abaturage 69 741.<ref name="citypop">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/43__musanze/ |title=Musanze (District, Rwanda) – Sectors |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Abagabo bari 35 311. Abagore bari 34 430. Abaturage 65 700 batuye mu mujyi. Abaturage 4 041 batuye mu cyaro.<ref name="nisr">{{Cite web |url=https://statistics.gov.rw/sites/default/files/2025-05/Musanze.pdf |title=Fifth Population and Housing Census, Rwanda, 2022: District Profile, Musanze |publisher=National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda |year=2023 |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Muhoza Sector|Amafoto y’Umurenge wa Muhoza]] kuri Wikimedia Commons {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Musanze}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Musanze|Muhoza]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Muhoza]] gqwp89icylu0cz60j8ya3jp5ccf636e 0 7999 148811 148295 2026-11-03T18:11:47Z Score Beethoven 11559 148811 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition (new) | name = SIDA | image = Red Ribbon.svg | caption = Akambaro gatukura, ikimenyetso cyo kurwanya SIDA | synonyms = Indwara ya SIDA, ubwandu bwa virusi itera SIDA | causes = Virusi itera SIDA (HIV)<ref name="who">{{Cite web |title=HIV and AIDS |url=https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hiv-aids |website=World Health Organization |date=2026-07-27 |language=en |access-date=2026-11-03}}</ref> | risks = Imibonano mpuzabitsina idakingiye, gusangira inshinge, umubyeyi kwanduza umwana<ref name="who" /> | diagnosis = Kwipimisha amaraso<ref name="who" /> | prevention = Agakingirizo, gusiramura abagabo, kudasangira inshinge, imiti ya PrEP na PEP<ref name="who" /> | treatment = Imiti igabanya ubukana bwa virusi itera SIDA (ART)<ref name="who" /> | frequency = Miliyoni 41 z'abantu babana na virusi itera SIDA (2025)<ref name="unaids">{{Cite web |title=Global HIV & AIDS statistics — Fact sheet |url=https://www.unaids.org/en/resources/fact-sheet |website=UNAIDS |language=en |access-date=2026-11-03}}</ref> | deaths = Abantu bagera ku 570 000 (2025)<ref name="unaids" /> }} '''SIDA''' (mu Gifaransa: ''syndrome d'immunodéficience acquise''; mu Cyongereza: ''AIDS'') ni indwara iterwa na virusi itera SIDA. Iyi virusi yangiza ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri. Iyo itavuwe, umubiri ntubasha guhangana n'izindi ndwara. Virusi itera SIDA yandurira mu maraso, mu masohoro, mu matembabuzi yo mu gitsina no mu mashereka. Umubyeyi ashobora kuyanduza umwana atwite cyangwa amubyara. Nta muti uyikiza burundu. Imiti igabanya ubukana ituma abantu bayibana babaho igihe kirekire bafite ubuzima bwiza. Mu 2025, abantu bagera kuri miliyoni 41 babanaga na virusi itera SIDA ku isi. == Ibisobanuro == [[File:HIV Virus Particles - 2.jpg|thumb|left|Virusi itera SIDA ibonwa muri mikorosikopi]] Virusi itera SIDA ni agakoko kambura umubiri ubudahangarwa. Virusi ya SIDA ica umubiri intege ikawambura ubudahangarwa maze igatera ubwandu bw’indwara. Iyo itavuwe hakiri kare Virusi itera SIDA itera indwara zitandukanye bikarangwa no gucika intege k’umubiri ku buryo uba utakibasha guhangana n’indwara ari nabwo umurwayi bivugwa ko arwaye SIDA. Abantu banduye virusi itera SIDA baba bagomba gufata imiti kugira ngo bakumire gupfa vuba. Nyuma yo kwandura kwambere umuntu ashobora kutabona ibimenyetso byayo, cyangwa ashobora guhura nigihe gito cyindwara zimeze nk'ibicurane (grippe). Ubusanzwe, ibi bikurikirwa nigihe kirekire nta bimenyetso byigaragaza. Iyo ubwandu bugenda bwiyongera mu mubiri, bubangamira cyane ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri, bikongera ibyago byo kwandura indwara zisanzwe nk'igituntu, kimwe n'izindi ndwara zibasira umubiri mu buryo butunguranye, ndetse n'ibibyimba bitamenyerewe ku bantu basanzwe bafite ubudahangarwa buhagije mu mubiri wabo. Ibi bimenyetso byigaragaza nyuma yaho ari nabyo bikomeye nibyo bituma umurwayi bivugwa ko yanduye SIDA kenshi bigaragazwa cyane no gutakaza ibiro byinshi kuburyo bugaragarira ijisho. Virusi itera SIDA ikwirakwizwa cyane cyane n'imibonano mpuzabitsina idakingiye (harimo n'ibikorwa byo gutingana bashyira ibitsina mu kibuno nababishyira mu kanwa ku bahuje ibitsina), guterwa amaraso yanduye, inshinge zikoreshwa kwa muganga batera imiti mu mubiri w'umurwayi, umubyeyi utwite akaba yayanduza umwana atwite iyo adafashe imiti ku gihe, iyo umubyeyi abyaye, cyangwa binyuze mu konsa. Amatembabuzi asanzwe nk'amacandwe, ibyuya n'amarira, ntabwo byanduza virusi itera SIDA. Virusi itera sida ni imwe muri za virus zibarizwa mu itsinda ry'amavirusi azwi ku izina rya "retrovirus". Uburyo bwo kwirinda virusi itera SIDA burimo imibonano mpuzabitsina ikingiye, gahunda zo gukoresha neza inshinge zujuje ubuziranenge, kuvura abanduye, hamwe no gukoresha imiti nka "prophylaxis" mbere na nyuma yo gukora iminonano mpuza bitsina idakingiye. Iyo ari umwana uvutse yanduye virusi itera SIDA we na nyina umubyara bahabwa imiti igabanya ubukana bwa virusi itera SIDA. Nta muti cyangwa urukingo rwa virusi itera SIDA ruhari; ariko, imiti igabanya ubukana bwa virusi itera SIDA ishobora gutuma umuntu abaho igihe kirekire byenda kungana kimwe nk'abantu basanzwe bazima batayanduye. Nibyiza gutangira gufata imiti no kwivuza no kwisuzumisha buri gihe ukimara kumenya ko wanduye. Hatabayeho kuvurwa, impuzandengo yo kubaho nyuma yo kwandura ni imyaka 11. Muri 2018, abantu bagera kuri miliyoni 37.9 babanaga na virusi itera SIDA bituma hapfa abantu 770.000. Abagera kuri miliyoni 20.6 muri bo baba mu burasirazuba no mu majyepfo ya Afurika. Hagati y'igihe SIDA yamenyekanye (mu ntangiriro ya za 1980) na 2018, iyi ndwara yateje urupfu rw'abantu bagera kuri miliyoni 32 ku isi hose. Virusi itera SIDA ifatwa nk'icyorezo - icyorezo cy’indwara kiboneka ahantu hanini kandi kigenda gikwirakwira. Virusi itera sida yavuye mu zindi nyamaswa yerekeza ku bantu bo muri Afurika yo mu burengerazuba bwo hagati mu ntangiriro kugeza no hagati mu kinyejana cya 20. Ubwandu bwa SIDA bwamenyekanye bwa mbere n’ikigo cya Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika gishinzwe kurwanya no gukumira indwara (CDC) mu 1981 kandi hamenyekana igitera SIDA - ubwandu bwa virusi itera SIDA - byagaragajwe mu ntangiriro y’imyaka icumi ya mbere y'uwo mwaka. Virusi itera SIDA yagize uruhare runini muri sosiyete, iba indwara ndetse n'isoko y'ivangura. Iyi ndwara kandi igira ingaruka zikomeye mu bukungu. Hariho imyumvire myinshi itavugwaho rumwe ku birebana na Virusi itera SIDA, nko kwizera ko yanduzwa gusa no guhuza ibitsina mu buryo busanzwe. Iyi ndwara yateje impaka nyinshi mu banyamadini, harimo n’umwanya wa [[Kiliziya Gatolika]] yo kudashyigikira ikoreshwa ry’agakingirizo mu rwego rwo kuyirinda. Yatumye habaho ubuvuzi budasanzwe ku rwego rwa kiganga, ku rwego mpuza mahanga ndetse igenerwa n'inkunga nyinshi zitandukanye kuva yamenyekana mu myaka ya za 1980.   == Ibimenyetso biranga agakoko gatera SIDA == Hariho ibyiciro bitatu by'ingenzi bigaragaza ubwandu bwa virusi itera sida: kuremba bikabije, kuremba bikurikiranye no kurwaragurika kenshi bidakira, no kugera mu cyiciro cyaho umubiri ubura ubudahangwara mu buryo bukabije. <ref name="M121">acika intege zo kubahiriza no gukomeza gufata imiti</ref> === Kuremba bikabije === [[File:Symptoms_of_acute_HIV_infection.svg|alt=A diagram of a human torso labelled with the most common symptoms of an acute HIV infection|thumb| Ibimenyetso nyamukuru byanduye virusi itera sida]] Mu ikubitiro kwandura virusi itera sida icyo cyiciro cyitwa "Acute HIV/igihe virusi itera [[SIDA]] iba ifite ubukana bwinshi mu mubiri" cq kwandura mu gihe cy'ibanze aho virus iba ifite imbaraga nyinshi mu mubiri irimo gushaka gukwirakwira mu mubiri hose. Abantu benshi barwara ibicurane cyangwa indwara isa na "mononucleose" nyuma y'ibyumweru 2-4 nyuma yo kuyandura, naho abandi nta bimenyetso bifatika bafite. Ibimenyetso bibaho muri 40-90% byabantu bafite ubwandu bwa virusi itera SIDA kandi mubisanzwe harimo umuriro mwinshi ukabije uzamuka buri kanya, ibibyimba mu kanwa, kumuka no kuryana mu muhogo, guhubuka, kubabara umutwe, kunanirwa, cyangwa ibisebe byo mumunwa no mu/ku gitsina. Indwara z'uruhu zizana ibiheri bigaragara muri 20-50% y'abayanduye byigaragaza mu buryo bw'uduheri twinshi turi kumurongo umwe kandi twinshi tubyimbye gakeya kandi tudasanzwe. Abantu bamwe na bamwe barwara indwara zitandukanye muriki cyiciro. Ibimenyetso byo mu gifu, nko kuruka cyangwa impiswi bishobora kubaho. Ibimenyetso nko kurwara imitsi, ingingo zigacika inege. Igihe ibimenyetso byiyerekana biratandukanye, ariko mubusanzwe ni icyumweru kimwe cyangwa bibiri. Bitewe n'imiterere yabyo idasanzwe, ibi bimenyetso ntibifatwa nkibimenyetso simusiga byabanduye virusi itera SIDA. Ndetse nibibazo bibonwa na muganga cyangwa ibitaro bikunze gusuzumwa nabi nkimwe mundwara zandura zifite ibimenyetso byinshi byenda gusa. Niyo mpamvu, birasabwa ko virusi itera sida yakekerwa cyane mu bantu bagaragaza umuriro mwinshi udasobanutse ushobora kuba ufite isano n'ingaruka zo kwandura. <ref name="M118">Mandell, Bennett, and Dolan (2010). Chapter 118.</ref> === Kuremba bikurikiranye no kurwaragurika kenshi bidakira === Ibimenyetso byambere bikurikirwa nicyiciro cyitwa "clinical latency" cyangwa virusi idakira. Hatabayeho kuvurwa, iki cyiciro cya kabiri ku bantu banduye virusi itera sida bisanzwe ariko bativuje habe namba gishobora kumara imyaka igera kuri itatu kugeza ku myaka 20 (ugereranije, imyaka umunani). Mugihe mubisanzwe hari ibimenyetso bike cyangwa bitagaragaye mbere, hafi yiki cyiciro kirangiye abantu benshi bahura numuriro mwinshi udasanzwe, guta ibiro, ibibazo byigifu no kubabara imitsi. Hagati ya 50% na 70% byabantu nabo barwara utubyimba two mu kwaha duhora twizana, ibice by'umubiri byaguka cyangwa bibyimba mu buryo budasobanutse, kwaguka kurenze uburyo busanzwe kw'imyanya ndangagitsina (uretse mu kibuno) mumezi arenga atatu kugeza kuri atandatu. Nubwo abantu benshi banduye virusi itera SIDA bafite virusi itagaragara kandi mugihe hatabayeho kuvurwa amaherezo bizatera SIDA (kubura burundu ubudahangwarwa bw'umubiri kwirwanaho ku ndwara), umubare muto (hafi 5%) ugumana urugero rwinshi rw'utunyabuzima twubatse ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri w'umuntu twitwa CD4<SUP>+</SUP> T (T Helper Cells) udafite imiti igabanya ubukana bwa virusi itera SIDA irenze imyaka itanu. Abo bantu bashyizwe mu rwego rwa "HIV Controllers" cyangwa "long-term nonprogressors" (LTNP). Irindi tsinda rigizwe nabagumana uko virusi zigaragaza mu mubiri wabo muburyo butajya bumenyekana habe namba cyangwa butigaragaza byihuse kandi badakoresha imiti igabanya ubukana bwa virusi ari nabo bakunze kwitwa "elite controllers" cyangwa udashobora kumenyekana udafite imiti igabanya ubukana bwa virusi itera SIDA bene abo bari ku kigero kiri kuri 1 kugeza kuri 300 y'abanduye. === Umubiri kubura ubudahangwara mu buryo bukabije === [[File:Symptoms_of_AIDS.svg|alt=Igishushanyo kigaragaza bimwe mu bimenyetso bikunze kugaragara ku bafite ubwandu bwa SIDA|thumb| Ibimenyetso nyamukuru bya sida.]] "Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS/SIDA)" bisobanuye icyiciro aho umubiri w'uwanduye virusi itera SIDA yaba yageze aho abura ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri mu buryo bukabije kugeza aho abasirikare barinda umubiri we indwara bitwa "CD4<SUP>+</SUP> T" baba bari munsi ya 200 ku gipimo gikoreshwa cya µL cyangwa kuba hari indwara zihariye ziterwa no kwandura virusi itera SIDA zamaze kwigaragaza mu buryo bufatika. Mugihe hatabayeho ubuvuzi bwihariye, ibi nibyo byigaragaza hafi kimwe cya kabiri cyabantu banduye virusi itera sida mu myaka icumi ya mbere. Ibintu byambere bikunze kugaragara byerekana ko umurwayi yageze muri iki cyiciro cyaho umuntu afatwa ko arwaye SIDA harimo "pneumocystis pneumonia" / UMUSONGA (40%), gutakaza ibiro byinshi mu buryo budasanzwe "cachexia" (20%), na "candidiasis esophageal" / indwara nutubyimba no kubabara mu kanwa ndetse no mu muhogo. Ibindi bimenyetso bikunze kugaragara harimo kwandura indwara zifata imyanya y'ubuhumekero. Ashobora ndetse no kwibasirwa n'indwara zitunguranye ziterwa n'udukoko nka bacteria, virusi, ibihumyo, n'udukoko dutandukanye zisanzwe zikumirwa zikarindwa na bwa budahangarwa bw'umubiri mu bantu bazima. Indwara zandura ziterwa ahanini n’ibinyabuzima bikunze kubaho mu bidukikije by’umuntu. Izi ndwara zirashobora kwanduza umubiri wose zikawibasira zikawuca inege. Ababana n'ubwandu bwa SIDA bafite ibyago byinshi byo kwandura [[kanseri]] zitandukanye ziterwa na virusi, harimo na sarcoma ya Kaposi, lymphoma ya Burkitt, lymphoma y'ibanze yo hagati, na kanseri y'inkondo y'umura. Sarcoma ya Kaposi ni kanseri ikunze kugaragara, iboneka ku 10% kugeza kuri 20% by'ababana na virusi itera SIDA. Kanseri ya kabiri ikunze kwibasirwa cyane ni lymphoma, ikaba ari yo nyirabayazana w'urupfu rw'abantu bagera kuri 16% babana n'ubwandu bwa SIDA kandi ni cyo kimenyetso cya mbere cya SIDA muri 3% kugeza kuri 4%. Izi kanseri zombi zifitanye isano na herpesvirus ya 8 (HHV-8). Kanseri y'inkondo y'umura igaragara cyane ku bafite sida kubera ko ifitanye isano na "papillomavirus" ya muntu (HPV). Kanseri ifata (ya layer/urububi ruhuza igice cy'imbere cy'amaso n'igice cyera cy'ijisho) nayo ikunze kugaragara ku banduye virusi itera SIDA. Byongeye kandi, ababana n'ubwandu bwa SIDA bakunze kugira ibimenyetso byo kwibasirwa n'umuriro mwinshi udasanzwe uzamuka buri kanya utajya ugabanyuka, ibyuya byinshi (cyane cyane nijoro), kubyimba "lymph node" / utubyimba two mu kwaha n'amabinga, guhorana ubukonje bukabije (imbeho, gutitira), intege nke, no gutakaza ibiro byinshi cyane. Indwara y'impiswi iza buri kanya ni ikindi kimenyetso gikunze kugaragara, kiboneka ku bantu 90% barwaye SIDA. Bashobora kandi kwanduzwa n'ibimenyetso bitandukanye byo mu mutwe ndetse no mu mitsi bidafitanye isano n'ubwandu bwa kanseri. == Uburyo virusi itera SIDA ikwirakwizwamo == Virusi itera SIDA ikwirakwizwa n'inzira eshatu z'ingenzi: guhuza ibitsina mu buryo budakingiye, ibice by'umubiri w'uwanduye indwara ya SIDA twahungabanye nk'ibisebe bivamo amatembabuzi n'amaraso, ndetse no kuva amaraso ku mubyeyi iyo atwite; ndetse no mu gihe umubyeyi atwite umwana ashobora kumwanduza, mu gihe cyo kubyara umubyeyi wanduye ava amaraso arimo abyara akivanga n'amaraso y'umwana binyuze ku mukonda/ikiriri, cyangwa konsa uruhinja ku mubyeyi wanduye. Nta kaga ko kwandura virusi itera sida binyuze mu mazirantoki, ururenda rw'amazuru/ibimyira, amacandwe, ibyuya, amarira, inkari, cyangwa kuruka keretse iyo byivanzemo n'amaraso yanduye virusi itera SIDA. Birashoboka kandi ko umuntu yakwandura impurirane y'ubwoko bwa virusi itera sida burenze bumwe bikunze kwitwa "HIV superinfection". === Imibonano mpuza bitsina === Uburyo bukunze kwanduriramo virusi itera SIDA ni uburyo bwo guhuza ibitsina n'umuntu wanduye hakorwa imibonano mpuza bitsina idakingiye. Icyakora, umuntu wanduye virusi itera sida ufite virusi itagaragararira ibyuma biyipima bitewe no kuvurwa igihe kirekire, nta byago afite byo kwanduza abandi virusi itera SIDA binyuze mu gukorana nabo imibonano mpuza bitsina idakingiye. Kuba hari abantu banduye virusi itera SIDA itagaragarira ibyuma biyipima byamenyekanye cyane mu itangazo ry’Ubusuwisi ryo mu 2008 biteza impaka no kutabivugaho rumwe, kuva icyo gihe byaje gukorerwa ubushakashatsi bwimbitse biremezwa ko bibari ndetse bishoboka. Ku isi hose, uburyo bukunze kwanduriramo virusi itera SIDA ni uburyo bwo guhuza ibitsina n'umuntu wanduye hakorwa imibonano mpuza bitsina idakingiye hagati y’abadahuje igitsina; ariko, uburyo bwo kwandura buratandukanye mu bihugu. Kugeza mu 2017, abantu benshi banduye virusi itera SIDA muri Amerika babaye mu bagabo baryamanye n'abagabo (82% by'abanduye virusi itera SIDA ku bagabo bafite imyaka 13 n'abayirengeje na 70% by'indwara nshya). Muri Amerika, abagabo bahuje ibitsina bafite imyaka 13 kugeza kuri 24 bangana na 92% by'abanduye virusi itera SIDA mu bagabo bose bari mu kigero cyabo na 27% by'indwara nshya mu bagabo bose bahuje ibitsina ndetse n'ibitsina byombi. Abagabo bagera ku 15% b’abagabo bahuje ibitsina banduye virusi itera SIDA, mu gihe 28% by’[[Umugore|abagore]] bahindura ibitsina "transgender" banduye muri Amerika. Ku bijyanye n’imibonano mpuzabitsina idakingiye, ibigereranyo by’ingaruka zo kwandura virusi itera sida ku gikorwa cy’imibonano mpuzabitsina bigaragara ko byikubye inshuro enye kugeza ku icumi mu bihugu byinjiza amafaranga make ugereranyije no mu bihugu byinjiza amafaranga menshi. Mu bihugu byinjiza amafaranga make, ibyago byo kwandura abagore ku bagabo bingana na 0.38% kuri buri gikorwa, naho kwanduza abagabo ku bagore ni 0,30% kuri buri gikorwa; ibigereranyo bihwanye n'ibihugu byinjiza amafaranga menshi ni 0,04% ku gikorwa cyo kwanduza abagore ku bagabo, na 0.08% kuri buri gikorwa cyo kwanduza abagabo n'abagore. Ibyago byo kwandura bivuye mu mibonano mpuzabitsina ni byinshi cyane, bivugwa ko 1,4-1.7% kuri buri gikorwa haba mu mibonano mpuzabitsina idahuje igitsina ndetse n'abaryamana bahuje igitsina. Nubwo ibyago byo kwandura biva mu mibonano mpuzabitsina ku bahuje ibitsina ari bike, biracyahari. Ibyago byo kwakira imibonano mpuzabitsina mu kanwa byavuzwe ko ari "hafi NTABYO"; ariko, byagaragaye ko hari abantu bake banduye binyuze muri ubwo buryo. Ibyago kuri buri gikorwa byagereranijwe kuri 0-0.04% ku bakira imibonano mpuza bitsina mu kanwa "oral sex". Mu bihe birimo uburaya mu bihugu bikennye cyane, ibyago byo kwandura abagore ku bagabo byagereranijwe ko ari 2,4% kuri buri gikorwa, naho kwanduza abagabo ku bagore ni 0,05% kuri buri gikorwa. Ibyago byo kwandura byiyongera iyo umuntu yanduye indwara zisanzwe zandurira mu mibonano mpuzabitsina hamwe n’ibisebe byo mu gitsina. Ibisebe byo mu gitsina bigaragara ko byongera ibyago inshuro zigera kuri eshanu. Izindi ndwara zandurira mu mibonano mpuzabitsina, nka mburugu, kilamidiya, tirikomunasi, na vaginose ya bagiteri, zifitanye isano no kwiyongera gake mu byago byo kwandura. Ubwiyongere bw'ubukana bwa virusi itera SIDA mu mubiri w'uwayanduye "viral load" ni ikintu cy’ingaruka zikomeye mu kwanduza virusi itera SIDA binyuze mu mibonano mpuzabitsina ndetse biciye mu kwandura hagati y'umwana na nyin/umubyeyi we. Mu mezi 2.5 y'ibanze mu ikubitiro ryo kwandura virusi itera SIDA ubwandu bw'umuntu bwikubye inshuro cumi n'ibiri bitewe (n'ubwiyongere bw'ubukana bwiyo virusi itera SIDA afite mu mubiri we) - "VIRAL LOAD". Niba umuntu ari mu cyiciro cye cyanyuma yaho yanduriye virusi itera SIDA, ibipimo byanduza bikubye inshuro umunani. Abakora imibonano mpuzabitsina bicuruza mu bikorwa by'uburaya (harimo n'abacuruza imibiri yabo by'umwuga byemewe "pornography") bafite ibyago byinsho byo kwandura virusi itera SIDA. Imibonano mpuzabitsina ikabije mu buryo bwo gukubana kw'ibitsina nta bunyerere cyangwa ububobere buhagije mu gitsina "rough sex" irashobora guteza kwiyongera kw'ibyago byo kwandura virusi itera SIDA. Ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina rikubiyemo ibikorwa byo gufata kungufu/gusambanya undi ku gahato no gusambanya abana bakiri bato "sexual assualt" naryo rishobora guteza ibyago byinshi byo kwandura virusi itera SIDA kubera ko udukingirizo tudakunze kwambarwa muri ibyo bikorwa by'ubugome bigatera gukomereka mu gitsina ku bagore n'abakobwa no ku gitsina ku bagabo n'abahungu cyangwa gukomereka mu kibuno kubakorerwa ibikorwa byo gufatwa ku ngufu n'abatinganyi bikongera ibyago byinshi byo kwandura virusi itera SIDA ndetse bikaba byanatera ibyuririzi by'indwara zindi zandurira mu gukora imibonano mpuza bitsina akabirwarira hamwe n'ubwandu bwa virusi itera SIDA. === Amatembabuzi === [[File:AIDS_Poster_If_You're_Dabbling_in_Drugs_1989.jpg|alt=A black-and-white poster of a young black man with a towel in his left hand with the words "If you are dabbling with drugs you could be dabbling with your life" above him|thumb| Icyapa cya CDC kuva mu 1989 cyerekana iterabwoba rya sida ijyanye no gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge]] Uburyo bwa kabiri bukunze kwanduriramo virusi itera sida ni uburyo bunyuze mu maraso yanduye n'amatembabuzi yivanzemo ayo maraso yanduye. Kwandura biciye muri ubu buryo birashobora guterwa no gusangira inshinge mugihe cyo gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge bacisha mu kwitera inshinge mu mitsi, gukomeretswa n'inshinge mu gihe ruri guterwa ufite ubwandu bwa virusi itera SIDA, guterwa amaraso yanduye cyangwa ibikomoka ku maraso yanduye, cyangwa inshinge zikoreshwa mu buvuzi ariko zitujuje ubuzira nenge hamwe n’ibikoresho bidafite ubuziranenge "bidafite umutekano uhagije wo kubibika mu buryo bwiza mu byuma bibihanaguraho imyanda "sterilizers". Ibyago byo kwandura virusi itera SIDA hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gusangira urushinge mugihe cyo gutera ibiyobyabwenge mu mitsi hagati y'abakoresha ibyobya bwenge ubwabo biri hagati ya 0,63% na 2,4% kuri buri gikorwa, ugereranije ku gipimo cyo hagati "average" ni 0.8%. Ibyago byo kwandura virusi itera sida ku binyuze k'urushinge rwatewe umuntu wanduye virusi itera sida bivugwa ko ari 0.3% (hafi 1 kuri 333) kuri buri gikorwa kandi ibyago byo kwandura virusi itera SIDA binyuze ku rurenda rw'amatembabuzi ruvanzemo amaraso yanduye virusi itera SIDA ni 0.09% (hafi 1 kuri 1000) kuri buri gikorwa. Izi ngaruka zirashobora ariko kugera kuri 5% mugihe ayo maraso ari muri urwo rurenda rw'amatembabuzi yaturutse kumuntu ufite ubwikorezi bwinshi bwa virusi itera SIDA n'umwenge cyangwa igisebe ari kinini mu mubiri kuri wawundi wandujwe. Muri Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika abakoresha ibiyobyabwenge bagejeje kuri 12% by'abanduye virusi itera SIDA mu 2009, ndetse no mu turere tumwe na tumwe abantu barenga 80% bitera ibiyobyabwenge banduye virusi itera SIDA. Virusi itera SIDA yanduza hafi 90% binyuze mu guterwa amaraso yanduye "blood transfusion". Mu bihugu byateye imbere ibyago byo kwandura virusi itera SIDA ni bike cyane (munsi ya kimwe cya kabiri cya miliyoni) aho hakorwa uburyo bwo gutoranya abaterankunga no gusuzuma virusi itera sida mu maraso atangwa "blood donations"; urugero, mu Bwongereza ibyago bivugwa ko ari umwe muri miliyoni eshanu naho muri Amerika yari imwe muri miliyoni 1.5 muri 2008. Mu bihugu bikennye cyane, kimwe cya kabiri cy’amaraso ni yo yonyine ishobora gupimwa mu buryo bukwiye (guhera mu 2008), kandi bikaba bivugwa ko abagera kuri 15% banduye virusi itera SIDA muri utwo turere baturuka ku guterwa amaraso yanduye n'amatembabuzi avanze nayo maraso yanduye, bigereranywa kuri 5% na 10% byanduye kwisi. Birashoboka kwandura virusi itera sida mu guhinduranya ingingo z'umuburi zitangwa kwa muganga "implants", nubwo ibi bidasanzwe kubera kwipimisha mbere ko bikorwa. Gutera imiti hifashishijwe inshinge zidafite umutekano bigira uruhare muri virusi itera SIDA muri Afurika yo munsi y'Ubutayu bwa Sahara. Mu 2007, hagati ya 12% na 17% byanduye muri kano karere byatewe no gukoresha inshinge zidafite umutekano zo kwa muganga. Ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima rivuga ko ibyago byo kwandura biturutse ku gutera inshinge muri Afurika ni 1,2%. Hari n'ingaruka zo kwandura virusi itera SIDA zikomoka ku kubaga indembe, kubyaza, no kuvura no kubaga amenyo muri kano karere. Abantu baterwaho ibishushanyo ku mibiri yabo "tattooing", gutobora ibice by'umubiri bitandukanye, no gukomeretsa ibice by'umubiri wabo binyuze mu ndasago "scarification" bafite ibyago byo kwandura nubwo nta bushakashatsi buhari bufatika bubyemeza. Imibu ndetse nutundi dukoko ntibishobora kuba impamvu yo gukwirakwiza ubwandu bwa virusi itera SIDA. === Umubyeyi kwanduza umwana === Virusi itera SIDA irashobora kwanduza umwana mu gihe umubyeyi amutwite, igihe cyo kubyara, cyangwa binyuze mu mashereka amwonsa, bigatuma umwana na we yandura virusi itera SIDA. Kugeza mu mwaka wa 2008, kwandura virusi itera SIDA mu buryo bwiswe "verticle transmission" binyuze mu dukoko twa bagitiriya na virusi mu gihe umubyeyi atwite umwana cyangwa arimo kubyara ni 90% by'abana bayandura. Mugihe hatabayeho kuvurwa virusi itera SIDA ku mubyeyi wanduye, ibyago byo kwanduza umwana mbere cyangwa mugihe cyo kuvuka ni 20%, naho kubonsa amashereka ni 35%. Ubuvuzi butangwa ku mubyeyi ukimenya ko yanduye ariko atwite bugabanya ibyago byo kwanduza umwana we akimutwite no mu gihe cyo kumubyara kugeza munsi ya 5%. Imiti igabanya ubwandu bwa virusi itera SIDA iyo ifashwe na nyina cyangwa umwana bigabanya ibyago byo kwandura ku bonsa. Ibiryo bigaburirwa umwana iyo byivanzemo n'amaraso yanduye virusi itera SIDA mbere yo kubihekenya birashobora guteza ibyago byo kwandura virusi kuri uwo mwana. Niba umugore atavuwe virusi itera SIDA akamara imyaka ibiri yonsa uruhinja nabyo bitera ibyago byo kwanduza umwana we bigera kuri 17%. Bitewe n’ubwiyongere bw’urupfu rw'impinja bukomoka ku kutonsa mu bice byinshi byo mu bihugu biri mu nzira y'amajyambere, Ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima rirasaba ko konsa byihariye hagati y'umubyeyi n'uwo mwana we umwe gusa cyangwa gutanga kwifashisha amata yo mu bikombe nk'imfashabere. Abagore bose bazwiho kuba banduye virusi itera SIDA bagomba gufata imiti igabanya ubukana ubuzima bwabo bwose. == Ubumenyi n'ubucukumbuzi bujyanye na Virusi == [[File:HI-virion-structure_en.svg|alt=diagram of microscopic viron structure|thumb| Igishushanyo cyimiterere ya virusi ya sida]] [[File:HIV-budding-Color.jpg|alt=A large round blue object with a smaller red object attached to it. Multiple small green spots are speckled over both.|thumb| Gusikana electron micrograph ya VIH-1, icyatsi kibisi, imera kuva lymphocyte yumuco .]] Virusi itera SIDA niyo nyirabayazana w'indwara zitera umuburi kubura ubudahangarwa ari nabyo byitwa "SIDA". Virusi itera SIDA ni ubwoko bwa "retrovirus" yibanda cyane mu kwangiza abasirikare barinda umubiri w'umuntu bitwa "CD4 ⁺ T Cells", "macrophage" na "dendritic cells" . Yangiriza byimazeyo mu buryo buziguye ndetse n'ubutaziguye abo basirikare batuma umubiri ugira ubudahangarwa bitwa "CD4 ⁺ T". Iyo virusi itera SIDA ibarizwa mu bwoko bwa "''Lentivirus"'', nabwo bubarizwa mu cyiciro cyitwa "''Retroviridae"'' . Virusi zo muri ubu bwoko bwa "Lentivirus" zisangiye ibintu byinshi biziranga imiterere yabyo ndetse n'ibijyanye n'ubutabire bw'ibinyabuzima bubiranga. Ibinyabuzima byinshi biri mu cyiciro cy'inyamaswa zonsa zikunze gufatwa no kwandura nama virusi ari muri ubu bwoko bwa "Lentiviruses" ari nabyo bikunze gutera indwara z'igihe kirekire ndetse zimara igihe mu mubiri zirimo gukura. Ubu bwoko bwa virusi zibarizwa muri "Lentiviruses" zigira ububasha bwo kwandura bwinjira mu mubiri ari imbumbe kandi bwiteguye kwanduza bwiyambitse urububi ruzirinda rwa "RNA GENOME". Iyo zinjiye mu mubiri ako kanya, rwa rububi ruzirinda rwa "RNA GENOME" ruhita ruhindagura imiterere yarwo "reverse transcribed" rugahinduka ADN ifite kopi ebyiri ya virusi nyayo itera uburwayi byitwa "reverse transciptase" bizanana na ya "GENOME" virusi mu bigize virusi. Nyuma yo kwihindagura yisanisha na ADN ziri mu mubiri mu buryo bwo gukora kopi zisa neza ihita yinjira mu dutafari twubatse umubiri twitwa "nucleus cells" tugahita twisanisha neza nkatwo mu rwego rwo kwiyorobeka no kwihisha mu mubiri binyuze mu buryo bwitwa "integrase" nibigize umubiri yinjiyemo. Virusi iyo imaze kwinjira neza muri twa dutafari tugize umubiri "cells" ihita yirinda kugira ibitero igaba ku mubiri ako kanya kugirango abasirikare baha ubudahangarwa mu mubiri batayivumbura bagatangira kuyirwanya. Hari nubwo virusi iyo imaze kwinjira mu mubiri ihita ikoresha ubundi buryo bwitwa "transcribed" ari nabwo bwo kubasha kwiyubura ikikoramo kopi nyinshi z'amavirusi bisa kimwe ya "RNA GENOMES" afite naza poroteyine z'ama virusi byishyize hamwe bikirema mu imbere muri za "cells" zigakomeza gutubuka gutyo zikaba nyinshi mu mubiri "VIRAL LOAD". Virusi itera SIDA ubu yamenyekanye ko ikwirakwira iciye mu basirikare barinda umubiri bawuha ubudahangarwa ba "CD4 ⁺ T" biciye mu nzira ebyiri zibangikanye: gukwirakwiza mu imbere muri "cells" ubwayo aribyo byitwa "cell-free spread" cyangwa gukwirakwizwa yanduza za "cells" zitandukanye ku bwinshi ari nabyo byitwa "cell-to-cell spread". Mu gukwirakwiza biciye mu buryo bwa "cell-free spread" virusi ziva mu ngirabuzimafatizo "virus particles bud" zituruka mu basirikare banduye ba "T cells", zinjira mu maraso/nandi matembabuzi avanze namaraso hanyuma zikanduza utundi dusirikare turinda umubiri kwandura twa "T cells" uko zijyenda zihura nazo gutyo gutyo kugeza zikwirakwiye mu mubiri hose. Iri kwirakwizwa rya virusi mu mubiri uko rigenda ryikoramo kopi nyinshi biri mu bintu birwanya bigaca inege imiti n'ubuvuzi bujyanye no kuvura amavirusi Ubwoko bubiri bwa virusi itera sida bwaranzwe na virusi y'ubwoko bwitwa "VIH-1" na "VIH-2". Virusi ya "VIH-1" ni virusi yavumbuwe bwa mbere (kandi yabanje kwitwa "LAV" cyangwa "HTLV-III"). Ni virusi ifite ubukana kandi yandura cyane, kandi niyo nyirabayazana w'ubwandu bwa virusi itera SIDA ku isi yose ugereranije na virusi yo mu bwoko bwa "VIH-2" izwiho kwandurwa n'abantu bake. Kubera ubushobozi buke ugereranije bwo kwandura, ubwoko bwa virusi ya "VIH-2" igarukira muri Afurika y'Iburengerazuba . == Indwara ya Pathophysiology == [[File:HIV_and_AIDS_explained_in_a_simple_way.webm|alt=video of AIDS explanation|thumb|Gusobanura Virusi itera SIDA mu buryo bwihuse bworoshye]] [[File:Hiv_replication_cycle.gif|thumb|left| Uko virusi itera SIDA ijyenda yikoramo za kopi nyinshi]] Iyo virusi imaze kwinjira mu mubiri habaho igihe cyo gutubuka kwayo zikaba nyinshi mu buryo bwo kujyenda zikoramo kopi nyinshi byihuse, biganisha kuri virusi nyinshi mumaraso "VIRAL LOAD". Mu ikubitiro ryo kwandura virusi, urwego rwa virusi itera sida rushobora kugera kuri miliyoni nyinshi za virusi kuri mililitiro yamaraso mu mubiri. Iki gisubizo kijyana nigabanuka ryagaragaye mumibare y'abasirikare barinda umuburi indwara bitwa "CD4 T". Virusi ikomeza kugira ubukana kubera imiterere yayo yo gutuma havuka utundi dusirikare "cells" twitwa "CD8 T" tuza twica burundu twa dusirikare turinda umubiri kutandura indwara tukabyara za "antibody" zirwanya umubiri ziwuca intege, cyangwa "seroconversion" . Igisubizo gifatika mu isuzuma ryutwo dusirikare twa "CD8 ⁺ T" nicyo cyerekana uko ubwandu bw'indwara bujyenda bugabanyuka cyangwa bwiyongera mu mubiri nubwo bitarinda burundu virusi itera SIDA. Amaherezo, virusi itera SIDA irwanya ba basirikare barinda umubiri indwara ikajyenda ibica ibagabanya ubwinshi bakaba bakeya mu mubiri "CD4 ⁺ T" kugeza ubwo umubiri ubura ubudahangarwa bigatera indwara z'ibyuririzi kwibasira umubiri muburyo buzorohereye. Abasirikare ba "T Cells" ni ingirakamaro mubisubizo byubudahangarwa bw'umubiri kandi bitabaye ibyo, umubiri ntushobora kurwanya indwara cyangwa kwica udusirikare twamaze kuba kanseri mu mubiri. Uburyo abasirikare ba "CD4 ⁺ T cells" bagenda bashira mu mubiri bugiye butandukanye yaba mu ikubitiro umubiri ukinjiramo virusi itera SIDA ikikoramo kopi nyinshi ndetse no mu bihe bwo kurwaragurika cyane mu byiciro bitandukanye. Mu cyiciro cy'ibanze cyo kwandura virusi itera SIDA, hifashishwa udusirikare twanduye twabaye kanseri mu mubiri twa "CD8 ⁺ T" ari natwo tugira uruhare mu kugabanuka k'udusirikare turinda umubiri twa "CD4 ⁺ T", nubwo umubiri ubwawo wabigiramo uruhare mu gihe wirwanaho wica udukoko turi mu mubiri mu buryo bwitwa "apoptose" nayo ishobora kubitera. Iyo virusi ziyongereye mu mubiri; umurwayi akagera mu cyiciro cyo kuremba bikabije no kurwaragurika indwara z'ibyuririzi zitandukanye bituma habaho gutakaza buhoro buhoro ubushobozi bwimikorere yubudahangarwa bwo kubyara abasirikare bashya ba "T cells" ari nabyo bituma bagabanyuka cyane"CD4 ⁺ T". Nubwo ibimenyetso byo kubura ubudahangarwa biranga SIDA bitagaragara imyaka myinshi nyuma yuko umuntu yanduye, igice kinini cyo gutakaza abasirikare ba CD4 ⁺ T kibaho mugihe cyicyumweru cya mbere cy'ubwandu, cyane cyane mumitsi yo munda, kibamo uturemangingo turwanya indwara zo mu mubiri twita "lymphocytes" mu mubiri. Impamvu virusi itera SIDA yibanda cyane kuri ako gace ko munda "intestinal mucosa" ni ukubera ko virusi itera SIDA ikora za poroteyine z'ubwoko bwa "CCR5" ikoresha mu kwibasira yinjira ihungabanya abasirikare barinda umubiri indwara ba "CD4 ⁺ T" kandi ako gace k'imitsi yo munda kagizwe cyane nizo poroteyine kuruta za poroteyine ziba mu maraso. Imihindagurikire yihariye ihindura imiterere ya za poroteyine za "CCR5" iyo ziboneka mu buryo bwombi bwa "chromosomes" birinda cyane kwandura virusi y'ubwoko bwa VIH-1. Virusi itera SIDA ishakisha kandi ikarandura byimazeyo CCR5 zigaragaza mudusirikare turinda umubiri twa CD4 ⁺ T mu ikubitiro ryo kwandura iyo virusi kuko nibwo iba ifite ubukana bwinshi. Abasirikare barinda umubiri ba CD4 ⁺ T ni nako batangira kurwanya iyo virusi itera SIDA ari nako irushaho kubica bikihutisha kujya mu cyiciro cya kabiri cyo kuremba no kurwaragurika buri kanya bidakira "clinical latent phase". Uko virusi itera SIDA irushaho kwikoramo kopi nyinshi ikibasira umubiri wose ni nako umubiri ubura ubudahangarwa kurushaho. Ibyo byose bigateza uruvangitirane rw'ibibazo byo mu mubiri bituma habaho gusohoka kwa "pro-inflammatory cytokines". Ni nabyo ndetse bifitanye isano mu guteza indwara zo munda nk'igifu kubera urububi/igisenge kigize amara gikomeza kujyenda cyangirika cyane iyo habayeho kuremba cyane. == Gusuzuma == [[File:Hiv-timecourse.png|alt=A graph with two lines. One in blue moves from high on the right to low on the left with a brief rise in the middle. The second line in red moves from zero to very high then drops to low and gradually rises to high again|thumb|Igishushanyo rusange cyerekana isano iri hagati ya kopi ya virusi itera sida (virusi ya virusi) na CD4 ⁺ T ibara ugereranije n’impuzandengo ya virusi itera sida itavuwe. ]]Virusi itera SIDA isuzumwa hifashishijwe ibizamini bya laboratoire hanyuma bigakorwa hashingiwe ku bimenyetso cyangwa ibimenyetso bimwe na bimwe. Ikigo cya Leta zunzwe ubumwe z'Amerika cya "Preventive Services Task Force" gishishikariza abantu bose kuva ku myaka 15 kugeza ku myaka 65 kwisuzumisha virusi itera SIDA, harimo n'abagore bose batwite. Byongeye kandi, kwipimisha bishishikarizwa cyane abantu bafite ibyago byinsho byo kuyandura, cyane abasuzumwa bagasanga baranduye izindi ndwara zandurira mu mibonano mpuza bitsina. Mu bice byinshi byisi, kimwe cya gatatu cyabanduye virusi itera SIDA babimenya ari uko igihe cyamaze kurenga bamaze gutaka ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri kuburyo bwigaragaza bukabije. {| class="wikitable floatright" |+Iminsi mike nyuma yo kwerekana ibikenewe kugirango ikizamini kibe cyuzuye !Kwipimisha amaraso ! Iminsi |- | Ikizamini cya Antibody <small>(</small> ikizamini <small>cyihuse, ELISA gen 3)</small> | 23–90 |- | Antibody na p24 kwipimisha antigen <small>(ELISA 4 gen)</small> | 18-45 |- | PCR | 10–33 |} === Kwipimisha virusi itera SIDA === [[File:HIV_Rapid_Test_being_administered.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:HIV_Rapid_Test_being_administered.jpg|thumb|Agakoresho kihuta mugupima virusi itera SIDA kitwa "HIV Rapid Test" karimo gukoreshwa]] [[File:Oraquick.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Oraquick.jpg|thumb|Oraquick]] Abantu benshi banduye virusi itera SIDA bakunze kurangwa n'imisemburo mu mubiri yabo irwanya ibice by'umubiri "antibodies" (ni ukuvuga seroconvert) bibaho mu byumweru bitatu kugeza kuri cumi na bibiri nyuma yo kwandura bwa mbere. Gupima virusi itera sida mbere ya seroconversion bikorwa mugupima HIV-RNA cyangwa p24 antigen. Ibisubizo bigaragaza ubwandu (positive) byabonetse nyuma yo gupima za "antibodies" cyangwa ibizamini bya PCR byemezwa na "antibody" itandukanye cyangwa na PCR. Gusuzuma no gupima "antibody" ku bana bari munsi y'amezi 18 bikunze gutanga ibisubizo bitari bya nyabyo kubera za "antibodies" bakomora ku babyeyi babo ziba zikiri mu mibiri yabo bana. Kubw'izo mpamvu, ubwandu bwa virusi itera SIDA bishobora gupimwa gusa hifashishije gupima PCR za HIV-RNA cyangwa ADN, cyangwa binyuze mu gupima antigen p24. Henshi ku isi hari icyuho n'ibura ry'ibikoresho bihagije byo gupima ubwandu bwa virusi itera SIDA hifashishijwe agakoresho ka PCR yizewe, kandi abantu mu bihugu byinshi bitishoboye bategereza kugeza ibimenyetso byigaragaje cyangwa umwana akuze bihagije kugirango bapimwe neza za "antibody". Muri Afurika yo munsi y'Ubutayu bwa Sahara hagati ya 2007 na 2009, abaturage bari hagati ya 30% na 70% bari bafite amakuru ahagije kuri virusi itera SIDA. Muri 2009, hagati ya 3,6% na 42% by'abagabo n'abagore bo mu bihugu byo munsi y'ubutayu bwa Sahara nibo babashije kwisuzumisha; ibi byagaragaje ubwiyongere bugaragara ugereranije nimyaka yashize. === Ibyiciro === Uburyo bubiri bw'ingenzi bwo kuvura bukoreshwa mu gushyira mu byiciro indwara zanduye virusi itera SIDA n'indwara zifitanye isano na virusi itera SIDA hagamijwe gukurikirana abanduye: gahunda y'ikigo mpuza mahanga gikurikirana ubuzima "WHO" gikurikirana umunsi kuwundi imiterere ya virusi itera SIDA n'indwara zigashamikiyeho, n'ikigo gikurikirana kinakakumira indwara zandura cya "CDC" uburyo gishyira mu byiciro ibirebana na virusi itera SIDA. Kubera ko gahunda y'ikigo cya "WHO" idasaba ibizamini bya laboratoire, ikwiranye n’imiterere y’imikoreshereze ihura n’ibihugu biri mu nzira y'amajyambere, aho ishobora no gukoreshwa mu gufasha kuyobora imiyoborere y’amavuriro. Nubwo zi gahunda zitandukanye, sisitemu zombi zemerera kugereranya intego zimibare. Ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima ryatanze icyifuzo cya mbere ku gisobanuro kirebana na SIDA mu 1986. Kuva icyo gihe, OMS yakomeje gahunda yo kuvugurura ibyiciro bitandukanye inshuro nyinshi, igisobanuro giheruka cyemeranyijweho ku isi hose ubu OMS ikaba iheruka kugisohora mu 2007. Sisitemu ya OMS ikoresha ibyiciro bikurikira: * Icyiciro cy'ibanze cy'ubwandu bwa virusi itera sida: Birashobora kuba bidafite ibimenyetso cyangwa bifitanye isano no kuremba bikabije (kwandura mu gihe cy'ibanze aho virus iba ifite ingufu nyinshi mu mubiri irimo gushaka gukwirakwira mu mubiri hose). * Icyiciro cya I: Kwandura virusi itera sida bifitanye isano n'ibimenyetso byigaragaza bijyanye numubare w'abasirikare baha umubiri ubudahangarwa bitwa CD4 + T (uzwi kandi nka "CD4 count") urenga 500 kuri microlitre (µl cyangwa cubic mm) yamaraso. Bikunze kugirana isano no kubyimba k'utunyabuzima twa "lymph" turinda umuburi indwara (tuba mu kwaha, aho amaguru yombi ahera uturutse ku gice igihimba kirangiriraho ndetse no mu bice bitandukanya amatama ijosi) * Icyiciro cya II: Ibimenyetso byoroheje, bishobora kuba birimo uduheri twinshi duto duto kandi twegeranye twibanda ku bice bimwe by'uruhu hamwe n'indwara zandurira mu myanya y'ubuhumekero. CD4 ibara munsi ya 500 / µl * Icyiciro cya III: Ibimenyetso biri kurwego runini, bishobora kuba birimo impiswi idakira idasobanutse mugihe kirenze ukwezi, indwara ziterwa na n'agakoko ka bagiteri zirimo igituntu cyibihaha, hamwe na CD4 ibara munsi ya 350 / µl * Icyiciro cya IV ari nacyo SIDA: ibimenyetso bikomeye, birimo indwara cyangwa gufatwa n'ibimenyetso bya "[[:en:Toxoplasmosis|toxoplasmosis]] " yo mu bwonko, indwara ya kandida "candidiasis" ifata mu muhogo, mu buhumekero cyangwa ibihaha, na "sarcoma" ya Kaposi. CD4 ibara munsi ya 200 / µl Ikigo cyo muri Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika gishinzwe kurwanya no gukumira indwara (CDC) nacyo cyashyizeho uburyo bwo gushyira mu byiciro virusi itera SIDA, kandi byavuguruwe mu 2008 na 2014. Ubu buryo bushyira mu byiciro virusi itera SIDA hakurikijwe kubara abasirikare baha umubiri ubudahangarwa "CD4 count" no kugenzura ibimenyetso byigaragaza, kandi busobanura ubwandu mu matsinda atanu. Mu barengeje imyaka itandatu ni: * Icyiciro cya 0: igihe kiri hagati yo gufata ikizamini gipima ubwandu bwa virusi itera SIDA ntikiyigaragaze (negative) cyangwa kitamenyekanye cyakurikiranye n'ikizamini cyaje kugaragaza ubwandu bwa virusi itera SIDA (positive) kiri munsi yiminsi 180. * Icyiciro cya 1: CD4 ibara abasirikare bari hejuru ya 500 / µl kandi nta bimenyetso bya SIDA byigaragaza * Icyiciro cya 2: CD4 ibara abasirikare bari hagati ya 200 na 500 / µl kandi nta bimenyetso bya SIDA byigaragaza * Icyiciro cya 3: CD4 ibara abasirikare bangana cq bari munsi ya 200 / µl kandi hari ibimenyetso bya SIDA byigaragaza * Icyiciro kitazwi: Kuba nta makuru ahagije ahari yo kuba hari ibyatuma habaho gushyirwa mu byiciro bivuzwe haruguru. Mu rwego rwo kugenzura, isuzuma rya SIDA rikomeje gukorwa nubwo nyuma yo kuvurwa, umubare wa wabasirikare barinda umubiri ba "CD4 + T" wazamutse ukagera kuri 200 kuri µL yamaraso cyangwa izindi ndwara zishamikiye ku bimenyetso bigaragaza SIDA ziba zamaze gukira == Kwirinda == [[File:AIDS_Clinic,_McLeod_Ganj,_2010.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:AIDS_Clinic,_McLeod_Ganj,_2010.jpg|alt=A run down a two-story building with a number of signs related to AIDS prevention|thumb|Ivuriro rito ku barwayi ba SIDA, [[:en:McLeod_Ganj|McLeod Ganj]], Himachal Pradesh, India, 2010]] === Guhuza ibitsina === [[File:FACING_AIDS_a_condom_and_a_pill_at_a_time_-_I_am_FACING_AIDS_because_people_I_-3_are_infected._(5202985364).jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:FACING_AIDS_a_condom_and_a_pill_at_a_time_-_I_am_FACING_AIDS_because_people_I_-3_are_infected._(5202985364).jpg|thumb|Abantu bambaye ibimenyetso bikangurira rubanda ku birebana n'indwara ya SIDA. Ibumoso: "Guhanga na SIDA ukoresheje agakingirizo cq imiti yo kwirinda ubwandu bwa virusi itera SIDA"; Iburyo: "Mpanganye na SIDA kuko abantu nkunda bamaze kuyandura"]] Gukoresha agakingirizo mu buryo buhoraho kandi igihe kirekire bigabanya amahirwe yo kwandura virusi itera SIDA ku kigereranyo kingana na 80%. Iyo agakingirizo gakoreshwa buri gihe n’abashakanye muri bombi umwe ariwe wanduye undi ari atanduye bigabanya amahirwe yo kwandura virusi itera SIDA ku kigereranyo kiri kuri 1% ku mwaka. Hariho ubushakashatsi bushimangira ko agakingirizo k'abagore gashobora gutanga urwego rumwe rwo kurinda. Gukoresha imiti yifashishwa mu gutuma mu gitsina hazamo ububobere yitwa "gel" nka "tenofovir"(yifashishwa mu kuvura indwara ya SIDA rimwe na rimwe indwara y'umwijima ya hepatitis B) igakoreshwa mbere yo gukora imibonano mpuza bitsina bijya bigabanya amahirwe yo kwandura virusi itera SIDA kugera ku kigereranyo kingana na 40% mubagore bo muri Afrika. Binyuranye no gukoresha imiti yica intanga ngabo nka "nonoxynol-9" kuko iyo izwiho kongera ibyago byo kwandura virusi itera SIDA bitewe nuko ituma mu gitsina no mu nnyo hazamo udusebe. Gusilamura (abagabo) muri Afurika yo munsi y'Ubutayu bwa Sahara "bigabanya kwandura virusi itera sida ku bagabo badahuje igitsina hagati ya 38% na 66% mu gihe cy'amezi 24". Kubera ubwo bushakashatsi, Ishami ry’Umuryango w’abibumbye ryita ku buzima ndetse na UNAIDS bashishikarije abagabo kwisiramuza muri 2007 mu rwego rwo gukumira virusi itera SIDA binyuze ku bwandu buturuka ku mugore wanduye yanduza umugabo utanduye mu turere twa Afurika twiganjemo umubare munini wabanduye virusi itera SIDA. Icyakora, ntibivugwaho rumwe ku bijyanye nimba kwisilamuza birinda umugore utanduye virusi itera SIDA iyo aryamanye n'umugabo wanduye virusi itera SIDA usilamuye, ndetse nta mibare izwi cyangwa ifatika ivuga ko byarinda abahuje ibitsina b'abagabo bakora imibonano kwandura virusi itera SIDA mu bihugu byateye imbere. Umuryango mpuzamahanga urwanya virusi, urasaba ukanashishikariza ko abagabo bose bakora imibonano nabo badahuje igitsina bagomba kwisilamuza ndetse nabakora imibonano mpuzabitsina nabo bahuje igitsina ko byaganirwaho nkuburyo bwo guhitamo kwirinda virusi itera SIDA. Abahanga bamwe batinya ko hashobora kuvuka imyumvire ituma umubare munini wabantu wakwitabira ibikorwa byo gukora imibonano mpuza bitsina idakingiye bitwaje ko gusilamurwa ari urukingo rubarinda ubwandu bwa virusi itera SIDA. Porogaramu zishishikariza kwifata no kurinda ubusugi n'ubumanzi ku bakobwa n'abahungu ntabwo bigaragara ko zigira umusaruro mwiza uhagije kandi ufatika mu kwirinda virusi itera SIDA. Hari ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko umusaruro wizo nyigisho udahagije habe namba. Inyigisho zihagije zitangwa ku bumenyi bw'imyororokere mu mashuri zishobora kugabanya imyitwarire ishobora guteza ibyago byinshi byo kwijandika no kwiyandarika mu bikorwa by'ubusambanyi. Umubare munini wurubyiruko rukomeje kwishora mubikorwa byinshi bishobora guteza ibyago byo kwandura virusi itera SIDA nubwo bahabwa inyigisho zihagije kuberana n'ubwandu bwiyo virusi, kuko babitesha agaciro ko kumva ko nabo bashobora kwandura. Ubujyanama butangwa no gupima kubizana kubihabwa ku bushake ntabwo bigabanya ibikorwa byo kwijandika no kwiyandarika mu busambanye kubamaze gupimwa bagasanga batanduye ahubwo bituma abapimwe bagasanga banduye bakunda gukoresha udukingirizo n'imibare ikazamuka mu buryo bwigaragaza. Serivisi zinoze zo kuboneza urubyaro bigaragara ko byongera umubare wo gukoresha imiti yo kuboneza urubyaro mu bagore bamaze kumenya ko bafite ubwandu bwa virusi itera SIDA. Nta makuru agahije azwi niba kuvura izindi ndwara zandurira mu mibonano mpuzabitsina bifite akamaro mu gukumira virusi itera SIDA. === Kwirinda mbere yo kwandura virusi itera SIDA === Gufata imiti igabanya ubukana bwa virusi itera SIDA mu bantu babana n'ubwandu bafite abasirikare barinda umubiri "CD4 count" bagejeje kuri 550 / µL ni uburyo bwiza cyane bwo kurinda kwanduza abo baryamana nabo (ingamba zizwi nko kuvura bisa nko kwirinda, cyangwa TASP). TASP ifitanye isano no kugabanuka inshuro 10 kugeza kuri 20 ibyago byo kwandura. Imiti irinda kwandura virusi itera sida yitwa "profhylaxis (PrEP)" ikoreshwa mbere yo gukora imibonano mpuza bitsina hamwe numuti ukoreshwa buri munsi wa "tenofovir", hakoreshejwe cq hatanakoreshejwe umuti wa "emtricitabine", bigabanya ibyago byinshi byo kwandura virusi itera SIDA hagati y'abantu bafite amahirwe menshi yo kwandura nk'abagabo bakora imibonano nabo bahuje igitsina ndetse n'abaryamana umwe abizi ko yanduye undi abizi ko atanduye ndetse no murubyiruko rwo muri Afurika. Bene ubu buryo bushobora kurinda nabakoresha inshinge bitera imiti/ibiyobyabwenge babicishije mu mitsi, nyuma y'ubushakashatsi bwakoze bukagaragaza ko habayeho kugabanyuka ku kigereranyo kivuye kuri 0.7 kugeza kuri 0.4 ku gipimo cy'imyaka 100 y'abantu "100 person years". Ikigo cy'Amerika gishinzwe gahunda zo kwirinda indwara gishishikariza ko abantu bafite ibyago byinsho byo kwandura virusi itera SIDA ko bakwiye gukoresha imiti ya PrEP. Uburyo rusange bwo kwirinda muri gahunda z'ubuzima no kubwitaho bifite ingaruka nziza mu kugabanya ibyago byo kwandura virusi itera SIDA. Gahunda zishyirwaho mu gukumira kwitera ibiyobyabwenge biciye mu mitsi hakoreshejwe inshinge no kuzisangira no gahunda zo gufasha kuvura abakoresha ibiyobyabwenge bagahabwa ingurane nziza zo kubavura "rehabilitation therapy" biri mu bintu bihambaye bigabanya ibyago by'ubwandu bwa virusi itera SIDA. === Kwirinda nyuma yo gukeka ko wandujwe virusi itera SIDA === Imiti irinda ubwandu bwa virusi itera SIDA ifatwa mu masaha ari hagati ya 48 na 72 ku muntu ukeka ko cyangwa wahuye n'amaraso arimo ubwandu bwa virusi itera SIDA cq amavangiro yo mu gitsina yanduye; iyo miti yitwa "prophylaxis (PEP)". Gukoresha umuti ufata rimwe wa "zidovudine" bigabanya ibyago byo kwandura virusi itera sida inshuro eshanu nyuma yo gukomeretswa n'urushinge. Kugeza mu 2013, gahunda yo gukoresha imiti irinda kwandura virusi itera SIDA muri Leta z'unze ubumwe z'Amerika yashyizeho imiti y'ubwoko butatu bwo kwifashisha ari bwo - "tenofovir, emtricitabine na raltegravir" - kuko ibyo bishobora kugabanya ingaruka kurushaho. Imiti ya "PEP" ishishikarizwa gufatwa byihutirwa cyane iyo habayeho igikorwa cyo gufatwa ku ngufu cq gusambanya umwana cyane iyo ukekwaho icyo cyaha akekwaho kuba yanduye virusi itera SIDA, ariko bikunze gutera impagarara no kutavugwaho rumwe cyane ukekwaho icyaha ubuzima bwe busanzwe butazwi nimba yaranduye cyangwa se ari muzima. Igihe cyo kwivuza gikunze kuba ibyumweru bine kandi bikunze kuba bifitanye isano n'ingaruka zizahaza uyikoresheje aho imiti ya "zidovudine" ikoreshwa, hafi 70% bagirwaho ingaruka yo kugira isesemi (24%), umunaniro (22%), guhangayika kumutima (13%) no kubabara umutwe (9%). === Kurinda umubyeyi kwanduza umwana === Gahunda yo kurinda umubyeyi kwanduza umwana virusi itera SIDA zishobora kugabanya ibyaho byo kwandura ku kigereranyayo kiri hagati ya 92-99%. Ibi ahanini bikubiyemo gukoresha imiti igabanya ubukana bwa virusi itera SIDA mugihe umubyeyi atwite na nyuma yo kuvuka k'umwana no gushyiraho gahunda yo gusimbura ibere umwana akagaburirwa hakoreshejwe insimbura bere nka bebelo aho kumwonsa. Iyo gahunda yo kwifashisha insimbura bere ishoboka, byoroshye kubigeraho, hari ingurane ndetse ari nta mabura kindi abikumira kandi kubigeraho bikaba byoroshye, umubyeyi usanganywe ubwandu bwa virusi itera SIDA agomba kwirinda byimazeyo konsa umwana we; ariko konsa umwana ni ibintu byingenzi muri ya mezi y'ibanze kugirango umwana abashe gukura neza iyo biri ngombwa. Iyo bibaye ngombwa ko umwana yonswa muri ayo mezi y'ibanze ni ngombwa ko umwana akomeza gufata imiti ya "prophylaxis" kugirango arindwe kwandura virusi itera SIDA ayanduzwa na nyina binyuze mu kumwonsa. Mu mwaka wa 2015, igihugu cya Cuba cyabaye icya mbere mu gukumira no kurinda umubyeyi kwanduza umwana virusi itera SIDA. === Urukingo === Kugeza ubu nta rukingo ruraboneka rwa virusi itera SIDA. Kugeza amagingo aya; urukingo rukiri mu igeragezwa ruhari rukoreshwa kandi rugaragaza ko rufite uburyo rugabanya ubukana bwa virusi itera SIDA ni urwitwa "RV 144", rwavumbuwe mu mwaka wa 2009 ndetse rugaragaza ko rugabanya ubukana bwa virusi itera SIDA kugeza ku kigereranyo kingana na 30%, ibi bikaba bitera ibyiringiro byejo hazaza mu muryango wubushakashatsi bwo gukora urukingo rukora neza kurushaho. Haracyakorwa izindi nkingo zigerageza zishingiye ku rukingo rwa "RV 144" ndetse birakomeje. == Umuti/Ubuvuzi == Kugeza ubu nta muti uhari, nta rukingo rurinda virusi itera SIDA. Umuti uyivura uhari ni ugizwe n'imiti ikomeye yizewe ku kigero kinini igabanya ubukana bwa virusi itera SIDA yitwa (HAART - highly active antiretroviral therapy) ufasha kurinda ko indwara ya SIDA yihuta gukura no gukomera cyane ikwirakwiza ubukana buzahaza umuburi/ubuzima. Kugeza mu mwaka wa 2010 abantu barenga miliyoni 6,6 bakiriye bene iyi miti mu bihugu bikennye n'ibiciriritse. Uyu muti ukubiyemo imiti ikumira ikanavura indwara z'ibyuririzi bya SIDA. Kugeza mu mwaka wa 2020 mu kwezi kwa Werurwe, abarwayi babiri bari banduye virusi itera SIDA niba bamaze kuyikira burundu. Kwihutira gukoresha imiti igabanya ubukana bwa virusi itera SIDA mu cyumweru cya mbere nyuma yo kwisuzumisha bigaragaza ko bitanga amahirwe menshi n'icyizere cyiza mu kuyivura yaba mu bantu barangwa n'ubukene nabafite ubuzima buciriritse. === Imiti igabanya ubukana bwa virusi itera SIDA === [[File:Stribild_bottle_Dutch_labeling.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Stribild_bottle_Dutch_labeling.jpg|alt=A white prescription bottle with the label Stribild. Next to it are ten green oblong pills with the marking 1 on one side and GSI on the other.|thumb|''[[:en:Stribild|Stribild]]'' – niyo ikunzwe gukoreshwa buri munsi nka "ART regime" igizwe na [[:en:Elvitegravir|elvitegravir]], [[:en:Emtricitabine|emtricitabine]], [[:en:Tenofovir|tenofovir]] nifasha gutera imbaraga umubiri [[:en:Cobicistat|cobicistat]]]] Imiti ikomeye yizewe ku kigero kinini igabanya ubukana bwa virusi itera SIDA yitwa (HAART) ifatwa mu buryo bwo kuyivanga/gukomatanya bikunze kwitwa "cocktails" bukubiyemo imiti igera ku moko atatu iri mu byiciro bibiri by'imiti igabanya ubukana bwa virusi "antiretroviral agents". Mu ikubitir ryo kuvura habanza gukoreshwa uburyo bwa "non-nucleoside revers transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)" hiyongereyeho ubundi buryo bubiri bwa "nucleoside analog analog reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTIs)". NRTI zisanzwe zirimo: imiti ya zidovudine (AZT) cyangwa tenofovir (TDF) na lamivudine (3TC) cyangwa emtricitabine (FTC). Uhereye muri 2019, dolutegravir / lamivudine / tenofovir yashyizwe ku rutonde n’umuryango w’ubuzima ku isi nk’umurongo wa mbere uvura abantu bakuru, hamwe na tenofovir / lamivudine / efavirenz mu bundi buryo bwakwifashisha kuvura abantu bakuru. Gukomatanya imiti igabanya ubukana bwa virusi nka "protease inhibitor (PI)" bikoreshwa mu gihe imiti ifatwa mu buryo buvuzwe haruguru bitarimo gutanga umusaruro mwiza ufatika ku murwayi wanduye. Ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima na Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika batanga amabwiriza ashishikariza abantu gufata imiti igabanya ubukana bwa virusi itera SIDA (harimo n'abagore batwite) bakayitangira kuyifata byihuse bakimara gupimwa, hatitawe ku mubare wabasirikare barinda umubiri "CD4 count". Iyo uwanduye atangiye gufata imiti ni byiza ko yirinda kuyihagarika cyangwa kurambirwa kuyifata. Abantu benshi bapimwa bagasanga baranduye bikunze kubaho byaratinze gutangira imiti kubera kwipimisha bakererewe. Uburyo bwiza bwo kwivuza ni uburyo bw'igihe kirekire bukoresha "Plasma HIV-RNA count" ibara munsi ya kopi 50 kuri buri mL. Ikigero gifatirwaho kumenya nimba ubuvuzi bwa virusi itera SIDA burimo gukora neza bupimwa mu gihe cy'ibyumweru bigera kuri bine (4) igisubizo cyaza kiri munsi ya kopi 50 kuri buri mL hakurikiraho gufata ibizamini buri mezi atatu cyangwa atandatu kandi ibyo biba bihagije. Igenzura ridahagije rifatwa ko za "plasma HIV-RNA count" rirenze kopi 400 kuri buri mL. Ukurikije ibi bipimo mu kuvura virusi itera SIDA bitanga icyizere mu kurwanya ubukana bwa bwayo mubantu barenga 95% mumwaka wambere wo kwisuzumisha no kwivuza. Inyungu zo kwivuza zirimo kugabanuka kw'ubukana bwa virusi itera SIDA mu mubiri kuburyo bitagera aho bizahaza ubuzima ku kigero cyo kubura ubudahangarwa mu mubiri ari nacyo cyiciro byitwa ko umuntu arwaye SIDA ndetse no kugabanya ibyaho byo gupfa vuba. Mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere, abantu bavurwa mu buryo bwiza kandi hakiri kare bibatera kugira ubuzima buhagaze neza bw'umubiri no mu mitekerereze. Muzindi nyungu ziri mu kwivuza hakiri kare; bigabanya 70% by'ibyago byo kwandura igituntu ku banduye virusi itera SIDA. Izindi nyungu ziri mu kwivuza no gutangira imiti kare; bigabanya ibyaho byo kwanduza abaryamana n'uwanduye n'ibyago by'uko umubyeyi yakwanduza umwana atwite cyangwa mu gihe cyo kubyara cyangwa ku mwonsa. Kugirango umurwayi arusheho kumererwa neza biterwa n'uburyo yiha gahunda yo gufata imiti bijyanye n'imyifatire ye agomba guhindura mu mabwiriza ahabwa na muganga. Zimwe mu mpamvu zituma hatubahirizwa gahunda zo gufata imiti neza kandi ku gihe harimo; kubura uburyo bwo guhabwa imiti n'ibigo by'ubuvuzi/ubuzima, kubura gahunda zirimo gufasha abarwayi kwiyakira no kubaganiriza, uburwayi bw'imitekerereze no gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge. Amoko atandukanye y'ubuvuzi n'umubare mwinshi w'imiti ifatwa igabanya ubukana bwa virusi itera SIDA n'ingaruka zo kubikoresha nabyo biri mu bintu bituma abanduye bacika intege zo kubahiriza no gukomeza gufata imiti ku gihe. Hamwe n'uko igiciro cy'iyo miti igabanya ubukana bwa virusi itera SIDA byabigiramo uruhare, 47% byabari bakeneye iyo miti bayibonaga kandi baturuka mu bantu babayeho mu bihugu bikennye n'ibiri mu buzima buciriritse mu mwaka wa 2010 ndetse ubwitabire bwo gufata imiti usanga bungana yaba mu bihugu bikennye ndetse n'ibihugu byateye imbere. Hari ingaruka ziterwa no gufata imiti igabanya ubukana bwa virusi itera SIDA. Zimwe muri izo ngaruka harimo: umubiri kunanirwa gukora uturema ngingo dutuma umubiri ugira amavuta ahagije "lipodystrophy Syndrome", dyslipidemia, na diabete ifata urwagashya, cyane kubakoresha "protease inhibitor". Ibindi bimenyetso bikunze kugaragara harimo impiswi, hamwe n’ubwiyongere bw’indwara zifata umutima. Ubuvuzi bushya bugezweho buzwiho ingaruka nke kubafata imiti igabanya ubukana bwa virusi itera SIDA. Imiti imwe n'imwe irashobora kuba ifitanye isano no gutera ubumuga buvukanwa bityo bikaba bidakwiriye abagore bateganya kubyara kuba bayikoresha. Imiti igabanya ubukana bwa virusi itera SIDA ihabwa abana bakiri bato itandukanye nihabwa abantu bakuze. Ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima rishishikariza kuvura abana bose bari munsi y’imyaka itanu; abana bari hejuru yimyaka itanu bavurwa kimwe nkabantu bakuru. Amabwiriza ya Leta zunze ubumwe z'Amerika ashishikariza kuvura abana bose bari munsi y’amezi 12 na buri wese ufite ibipimo bya "HIV RNA" bingana na 100.000 / mL ufite imyaka iri hagati y’umwaka umwe n’imyaka itanu. Ikigo cy’ubuvuzi cy’ibihugu by’Uburayi (EMA) cyasabye ko habaho uruhushya rwo kwamamaza ku miti ibiri mishya igabanya ubukana bwa virusi itera SIDA (ARV), rilpivirine (Rekambys) na cabotegravir (Vocabria), kugira ngo ikoreshwe hamwe mu kuvura abantu bafite virusi itera SIDA yo mu bwoko bwa (HIV -1). Ubu bwoko bw'iyi iti igabanya ubukana bwa virusi itera SIDA nibwo bwa mbere buje mu buvuzi bwigihe kirekire hifashishwa gutera inshinge. Ibi bivuze ko aho kuba ibinini bya buri munsi, abantu batera inshinge buri kwezi cyangwa buri mezi abiri. Gukomatanya inshinge za Rekambys na Vocabria bigamije kubungabunga ubuvuzi ku babantu bakuru bafite virusi itera SIDA itagaragara mumaraso (ubwinshi bwa virusi itera SIDA bugaragara ku gipimo cya kopi 50 / ml) babifatanyije hamwe nubuvuzi bwabo bwa ARV, kandi mugihe virusi itigeze itera imbaraga zo kurwanya icyiciro runaka cy'imiti igabanya ubukana bwa virusi itera SIDA yitwa "non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTIs) na integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INI). === Indwara z'ibyuririzi === Ingamba zo gukumira indwara z'ibyuririzi ziratanga icyizere mu bantu benshi banduye virusi itera SIDA. Usibye kunoza indwara zubu, ubuvuzi hifashishijwe gufata imiti igabanya ubukana bwa virusi itera SIDA biri mubigabanya ibyago byo kwandura indwara z'ibyuririzi. Abakuze ndetse n'urubyiruko babana na virusi itera SIDA (ndetse no kubafata imiti igabanya ubukana bwa virusi itera SIDA) kabone no ku batagaragara ko banduye igituntu cyangwa a ashobora kuba bafite umutwaro wo kuba baranduye igituntu bagomba gufata ubuvuzi bwa "isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT); bagakorerwa ikizamini cyuruhu gipima igituntu kugirango harebwe nimba hakenewe guhabwa ubuvuzi bwa IPT. Inkingo z'indwara z'umwijima za hepatitis A na B zishishikarizwa guhabwa abanduye virusi itera SIDA mbere ko bagira ibyago byo kwandura bene izo ndwara z'umwijima. Gukoresha imiti y'ubwoko bwa Trimethoprim / sulfamethoxazole prophylaxis bana bakivuka bari hagati yibyumweru bine na bitandatu byamavuko, no guhagarika konsa abana bavutse kubabyeyi banduye virusi itera SIDA, birashishikarizwa cyane ku badafite amikoro ahagije. Birashishikarijwe gukumira PCP mugihe abasirikare barinda umubiri ba CD4 babarwa ku gipimo kiri munsi ya 200 / uL no mubasanganywe PCP cyangwa abigeze kuyirwara. Abantu bafite ubudahangarwa mu mubiri "immunosuppression" buhagije bashishikarizwa gufata imiti ya toxoplasmose na MAC. Ingamba zikwiye zo gukumira zagabanije umuvuduko w’izi ndwara ku kigero cya 50% hagati ya 1992 na 1997. Urukingo rw’ibicurane n’urukingo rwa pneumococcal polysaccharide rukunze gusabwa ku bantu banduye virusi itera SIDA kandi bifite ingaruka nziza zigaragaza ku buzima bwabo iyo bayifashe. === Indyo === Ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima (OMS) ryatanze ibyifuzo bijyanye n'intungamubiri zikenewe ku bamaze kwandura virusi itera SIDA. Muri rusange indyo yuzuye ni nayo ishishikarizwa abanduye virusi itera SIDA. Gufata indyo yuzuye ifite intunga mubiri zihagije kurwego rwa RDA ku bantu bakuru banduye virusi itera SIDA ni inama nziza itangwa n'ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima (OMS); gufata cyane vitamine A, zinc, na iron bigira ingaruka zitari nziza ku buzima bwabamaze kwandura virusi itera SIDA kubantu bakuze nta nubwo ari byiza keretse niba hari ibigaragaza ko byagabanutse mu mubiri. Gufata indyo z'inyongera "diatary supplmentation" yuzuye kubantu banduye virusi itera SIDA kandi bafite imirire idahagije cyangwa indyo idahagije bifasha gushimangira ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri cyangwa kubafasha gukira indwara zimwe na zimwe; icyakora, ibimenyetso byerekana inyungu rusange muburwayi cyangwa kugabanya impfu zabazira indwara ya SIDA ntabwo bifitiwe ubushakashatsi kuri byo. Hari ibimenyetso bigaragaza inyungu k'ubuzima bwamaze kwandura visuri itera SIDA iyo bafashe indyo y'inyongera irimo intungamubiri ya "selenium". Ku bagore batwite n'abonsa banduye virusi itera SIDA, indyo z'inyongera zirimo amoko atandukanye ya za vitamine byongera umusaruro ku buzima bwiza ku babyeyi ndetse n'abana. Niba umubyeyi utwite cyangwa wonsa yagiriwe inama yo gufata imiti igabanya ubukana bwa virusi itera SIDA kugira ngo yirinde kwanduza virusi itera SIDA umwana atwite/yonsa, gufata amoko atandukanye ya za vitamine ntizigomba gusimbuzwa ubwo buvuzi. Hariho ibimenyetso bimwe byerekana ko abana bato banduye virusi itera SIDA bafata indyo y'inyongera irimo vitamine A igabanya impfu ndetse ikongerera gukura neza. === Ubundi buryo bwo kuvura === Muri Leta z'unze ubumwe z'Amerika, abagera kuri 60% banduye virusi itera SIDA bakoresha uburyo butandukanye bw’ubuvuzi bwuzuzanya cyangwa ubundi buryo bw'inyongera, imikoreshereze yayo ntabwo ifitiwe ubushakashatsi bw'imbitse bwemeza imikorere yayo neza. Nta bimenyetso bihagije byemeza ikoreshwa ry'imiti gakondo cyangwa imiti ikomoka ku bimera. Nta bimenyetso bihagije bihari bishyigikira ikoreshwa ry'urumogi mu gutera ubushake bwo kurya no kubyibuha k'umubiri. Iriburiro [[Ikiciro:SIDA| ]] <ul> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:HIV/AIDS|Amafoto ajyanye na SIDA]] kuri Wikimedia Commons [[Ikiciro:Indwara]] [[Ikiciro:Ubuzima]] az8qt6npqdcp5l57cxwgr27kalkrryg 0 8018 148582 143689 2026-11-03T13:03:16Z Score Beethoven 11559 148582 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox umurenge}} '''Umurenge wa Bumbogo''' ni umwe mu mirenge 15 igize [[Akarere ka Gasabo]], mu [[Kigali|Mujyi wa Kigali]], mu [[Rwanda]]. Ugizwe n'utugari 7. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, Umurenge wa Bumbogo wari utuwe n'abaturage 112 899. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → [[Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Uturere]] → Imirenge → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Utugari == [[Dosiye:Rwanda landscape view.jpg|thumb|left|Bumbogo, harebewe mu Murenge wa Ndera]] Umurenge wa Bumbogo ni umwe mu mirenge 15 y'Akarere ka Gasabo. Ugizwe n'[[Akagari|utugari]] 7:<ref name="menya">{{Cite web |url=https://www.gasabo.gov.rw/about/menya-akarere |title=Menya Akarere |website=gasabo.gov.rw |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-23}}</ref> {{div col|colwidth=15em}} * Kinyaga * Musave * Mvuzo * Ngara * Nkuzuzu * Nyabikenke * Nyagasozi {{div col end}} == Abaturage == Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2012, Umurenge wa Bumbogo wari utuwe n'abaturage 35 381. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, wari utuwe n'abaturage 112 899.<ref name="citypop">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/12__gasabo/ |title=Gasabo (District, Rwanda) – Sectors |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-23}}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Bumbogo Sector|Amafoto y'Umurenge wa Bumbogo]] kuri Wikimedia Commons {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Gasabo}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Gasabo]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Bumbogo]] 9mv5eu311uanvegqh0sm08o5j1esual 0 8019 148694 143834 2026-11-03T13:07:55Z Score Beethoven 11559 148694 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox umurenge}} '''Umurenge wa Nyundo''' ni umwe mu mirenge 12 igize [[Akarere ka Rubavu]], mu [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba|Ntara y'Uburengerazuba]], mu [[Rwanda]]. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, Umurenge wa Nyundo wari utuwe n'abaturage 42 305. Ni ho hari icyicaro cya [[Diyosezi Gatolika ya Nyundo]]. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → [[Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Uturere]] → Imirenge → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Imiterere == [[Dosiye:Rwanda, Rubavu District.png|thumb|left|Ikarita y'Akarere ka Rubavu]] Umurenge wa Nyundo ni umwe mu mirenge 12 y'Akarere ka Rubavu.<ref name="citypop-rubavu">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/33__rubavu/ |title=Rubavu (District, Rwanda) – Sectors |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Ufite ubuso bwa km² 31,5.<ref name="citypop">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/rubavu/3310__nyundo/ |title=Nyundo (Sector, Rwanda) – Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Uhana imbibi n'imirenge ya [[Umurenge wa Nyamyumba|Nyamyumba]], [[Umurenge wa Rugerero|Rugerero]], [[Umurenge wa Kanama|Kanama]] na [[Umurenge wa Nyakiriba|Nyakiriba]]. == Abaturage == Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2012, Umurenge wa Nyundo wari utuwe n'abaturage 30 417. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, wari utuwe n'abaturage 42 305. Abagore bari 52,6 %, abagabo bari 47,4 %. Abaturage 41,9 % bari bafite munsi y'imyaka 15. Ubucucike bwari abaturage 1 343 kuri km². Abaturage 39,5 % bari batuye mu mujyi, abandi 60,5 % batuye mu cyaro.<ref name="citypop" /> == Ahantu hazwi == Nyundo ni icyicaro cya [[Diyosezi Gatolika ya Nyundo]]. Katedrali yayo yitwa Notre-Dame de l'Annonciation.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/diocese/nyun0.htm |title=Diocese of Nyundo, Rwanda |website=GCatholic |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Mu Murenge wa Nyundo hari [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyundo]]. Uru rwibutso ruri hagati ya Seminari Nto ya Nyundo na Lycée Notre-Dame d'Afrique.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://genocidearchiverwanda.org.rw/Nyundo_Memorial |title=Nyundo Memorial |website=Genocide Archive of Rwanda |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Nyundo Sector|Amafoto y'Umurenge wa Nyundo]] kuri Wikimedia Commons {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Rubavu}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Rubavu]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Nyundo]] ctwg4bvy90rhiv8qqu453wfagxot66n 0 8024 148553 143663 2026-11-03T13:01:56Z Score Beethoven 11559 148553 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Akarere ka Gisagara''' ni kamwe mu turere umunani tugize [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Intara y'Amajyepfo]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Gahana imbibi n'[[Uburundi]]. Gafite ubuso bwa 679 km² n'abaturage 397 051. Kagizwe n'imirenge 13. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → Uturere → [[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Imirenge]] → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Ubuso n'imbibi == [[File:Marie (Rwanda FrontLines, January 2013) (8223413021).jpg|thumb|left|upright|Umubyeyi n'abana be imbere y'inzu yabo mu Karere ka Gisagara]] Akarere ka Gisagara gaherereye mu majyepfo y'Intara y'Amajyepfo. Mu majyepfo no mu burasirazuba, gahana imbibi n'Uburundi. Mu majyaruguru hari [[Akarere ka Nyanza]]. Mu burengerazuba hari uturere twa [[Akarere ka Nyaruguru|Nyaruguru]] na [[Akarere ka Huye|Huye]].<ref name="menya">{{Cite web |url=https://www.gisagara.gov.rw/akarere/menya-akarere |title=Menya Akarere |website=gisagara.gov.rw |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-22}}</ref> Akarere kagizwe n'[[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|imirenge]] 13, [[akagari|utugari]] 59 n'[[imidugudu]] 524. Gafite ubuso bwa 679 km² n'abaturage 397 051. Ubucucike ni abaturage 584 kuri km².<ref name="menya"/> Icyicaro cy'akarere kiri i Ndora.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.gisagara.gov.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/gisagara/Inyandiko/Gisagara_District_Development_Strategy_for_2018-2024-2.pdf |title=Gisagara District Development Strategy 2018–2024 |website=gisagara.gov.rw |language=en |access-date=2026-10-22}}</ref> == Imirenge == Akarere ka Gisagara kagizwe n'imirenge 13:<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/22__gisagara/ |title=Gisagara (District, Rwanda) – Sectors |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-22}}</ref> {{div col|colwidth=15em}} # Gikonko # Gishubi # Kansi # Kibirizi # Kigembe # Mamba # [[Umurenge wa Muganza|Muganza]] # [[Umurenge wa Mugombwa|Mugombwa]] # Mukindo # Musha # Ndora # Nyanza # Save {{div col end}} == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Gisagara District|Amafoto y'Akarere ka Gisagara]] kuri Wikimedia Commons {{Palette Intara n'Uturere by'u Rwanda}} {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Gisagara}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Gisagara]] [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Gisagara| ]] chkqbzbvyo9cgtex98f4jjckdnnugv7 0 8033 148617 143720 2026-11-03T13:04:42Z Score Beethoven 11559 148617 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox umurenge}} '''Umurenge wa Kacyiru''' ni umwe mu mirenge 15 igize [[Akarere ka Gasabo]], mu [[Kigali|Mujyi wa Kigali]], mu [[Rwanda]]. Ugizwe n'utugari 3. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, Umurenge wa Kacyiru wari utuwe n'abaturage 30 036. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → [[Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Uturere]] → Imirenge → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Ubuso n'utugari == [[Dosiye:Rwanda, Gasabo District.png|thumb|left|upright=0.5|Akarere ka Gasabo]] Umurenge wa Kacyiru ni umwe mu mirenge 15 y'Akarere ka Gasabo. Ufite ubuso bwa km² 5,78.<ref name="citypop">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/12__gasabo/ |title=Gasabo (District, Rwanda) – Sectors |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-23}}</ref> Ugizwe n'[[Akagari|utugari]] 3:<ref name="menya">{{Cite web |url=https://www.gasabo.gov.rw/about/menya-akarere |title=Menya Akarere |website=gasabo.gov.rw |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-23}}</ref> {{div col|colwidth=15em}} * Kamatamu * Kamutwa * Kibaza {{div col end}} {{clear|left}} == Abaturage == Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2012, Umurenge wa Kacyiru wari utuwe n'abaturage 37 088. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, wari utuwe n'abaturage 30 036.<ref name="citypop" /> Umubare w'abaturage wagabanutse hagati ya 2012 na 2022. == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Kacyiru Sector|Amafoto y'Umurenge wa Kacyiru]] kuri Wikimedia Commons {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Gasabo}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Gasabo]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Kacyiru]] cbuy7uvdg15mmfmranvxzqwxjpm8h98 0 8034 148648 143897 2026-11-03T13:05:56Z Score Beethoven 11559 148648 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Hatnote|Ntukitiranye n’indi mirenge yitwa Muganza yo mu [[Akarere ka Gisagara]] no mu [[Akarere ka Nyaruguru]].}} {{Infobox umurenge}} '''Umurenge wa Muganza''' ni umwe mu [[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|mirenge]] 18 igize [[Akarere ka Rusizi]], mu [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba|Ntara y'Iburengerazuba]] y’u [[Rwanda]]. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, Umurenge wa Muganza wari utuwe n'abaturage 32 849. Ugizwe n'utugari 3. Uruganda rwa CIMERWA rukora sima ruri muri uyu murenge. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → [[Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Uturere]] → Imirenge → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Utugari == [[Dosiye:Rwanda, Rusizi District.png|thumb|left|Ikarita y'Akarere ka Rusizi]] Umurenge wa Muganza ni umwe mu mirenge 18 y'Akarere ka Rusizi. Ugizwe n'[[Akagari|utugari]] 3:<ref name="rusizi">{{Cite web |url=https://rusizi.gov.rw/index.php?id=156 |title=Urutonde rw'utugali tugize Akarere ka Rusizi |website=Akarere ka Rusizi |language=rw |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210118173804/https://rusizi.gov.rw/index.php?id=156 |archive-date=2021-01-18 |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> {{div col|colwidth=15em}} * Cyarukara * Gakoni * Shara {{div col end}} == Abaturage == Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2012, Umurenge wa Muganza wari utuwe n'abaturage 27 344. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, wari utuwe n'abaturage 32 849. Abagabo bari 15 608. Abagore bari 17 241.<ref name="citypop">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/rusizi/3610__muganza/ |title=Muganza (Sector, Rwanda) – Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Abaturage 32 421 batuye mu mujyi. Abaturage 428 batuye mu cyaro.<ref name="citypop" /> == Ubukungu == Uruganda rwa CIMERWA rukora sima ruri mu Murenge wa Muganza.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/121751/News/rwanda-to-export-cement-as-new-plant-boosts-production/amp |title=Rwanda to export cement as new plant boosts production |website=The New Times |date=2015-08-18 |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Ikibaya cya Bugarama gihingwamo [[Umuceli|umuceri]]. Abahinzi bo muri iki kibaya baturuka mu mirenge ya Bugarama, Gikundamvura, Nyakabuye na Muganza.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.topafricanews.com/2025/11/13/rwanda-to-invest-rwf-42-billion-in-expanding-and-rehabilitating-bugarama-marshland/ |title=Rwanda to Invest Rwf 42 Billion in Expanding and Rehabilitating Bugarama Marshland |website=Top Africa News |date=2025-11-13 |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Mu 2024, icyicaro cy’ishyirahamwe ry’abahinzi b’umuceri bo mu kibaya cya Bugarama cyari mu Murenge wa Muganza.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://rwandainspirer.com/rusizi-some-farmers-have-yet-to-receive-payment-for-their-rice-stuck-in-storage/ |title=Rusizi: Some Farmers Have Yet to Receive Payment for Their Rice Stuck in Storage |author=Elias Hakizimana |website=Rwanda Inspirer |date=2024-10-31 |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Muganza Sector|Amafoto y’Umurenge wa Muganza]] kuri Wikimedia Commons {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Rusizi}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Rusizi|Muganza]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Muganza]] ca5d0megjgkt3g42wcnqvq48pxmiv07 0 8042 148681 143813 2026-11-03T13:07:25Z Score Beethoven 11559 148681 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox umurenge}} '''Nyakariro''' ni umwe mu [[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|mirenge]] 14 igize [[Akarere ka Rwamagana]], mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]] bw’u [[Rwanda]]. Mu 2022, Umurenge wa Nyakariro wari utuwe n’abaturage 37 538. Umurenge wa Nyakariro ugizwe n’utugari dutanu. Mu 2017, i Rwimbogo hatashywe umudugudu w’icyitegererezo. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → [[Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Uturere]] → Imirenge → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Ubumenyi bw’isi == Umurenge wa Nyakariro uri mu Karere ka Rwamagana. Akarere ka Rwamagana gafite imirenge 14.<ref name="citypop-rwamagana">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/51__rwamagana/ |title=Rwamagana (District, Rwanda) – Sectors |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Ubuso bw’Umurenge wa Nyakariro ni kilometero kare 50,03.<ref name="citypop" /> Umurenge wa Nyakariro ugizwe n’[[Akagari|utugari]] dutanu:<ref name="rwamagana">{{Cite web |url=https://www.rwamagana.gov.rw/akarere/abanyamabanga-nshingwabikorwa-bimirenge |title=Imirenge n'Utugari |website=Akarere ka Rwamagana |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-24 |archive-date=2023-06-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616031406/https://www.rwamagana.gov.rw/akarere/abanyamabanga-nshingwabikorwa-bimirenge |url-status=dead}}</ref> * Bihembe * Gishore * Rwimbogo * Gatare * Munini == Abaturage == Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2012, Umurenge wa Nyakariro wari utuwe n’abaturage 20 196. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, abaturage bari 37 538. Muri bo, abagabo bari 18 145. Abagore bari 19 393. Abana bari munsi y’imyaka 15 bari 14 593. Abaturage 22 256 babaga mu cyaro. Abaturage 15 282 babaga mu mujyi. Mu 2022, ku kilometero kare imwe habaga abaturage 750.<ref name="citypop">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/rwamagana/5112__nyakaliro/ |title=Nyakaliro (Sector, Rwanda) – Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> == Ubukungu n’ibikorwa remezo == Mu 2017, mu Murenge wa Nyakariro hatashywe umudugudu w’icyitegererezo wa Rwimbogo. Uwo mudugudu wagombaga kubakwamo inzu 85 zo mu buryo bwa « 4 in 1 ». Wagombaga kandi kubakwamo inzu 31 zo mu buryo bwa « 2 in 1 ». Izo nzu zagombaga kubakwa mu myaka itanu. Byari biteganyijwe ko zizatwara miliyoni 800 z’amafaranga y’u Rwanda. Muri uwo mudugudu hateganyijwe kandi ivuriro, amashuri, agakiriro, ikibuga n’ikigo cy’ikoranabuhanga.<ref name="kt2017">{{Cite web |url=https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubukungu/iterambere/article/abatishoboye-bahawe-inzu-mu-midugudu-y-icyitegererezo-amafoto |title=Abatishoboye bahawe inzu mu midugudu y’icyitegererezo (Amafoto) |author=KT Team |website=Kigali Today |date=2017-09-30 |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Mu 2022, umuyoboro w’amazi wa [[UMURENGE WA GAHENGERI|Gahengeri]] na Nyakariro wari wuzuye.<ref name="kt2022">{{Cite web |url=https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/iburasirazuba-batashye-ibikorwa-remezo-birimo-stade-z-imikino-n-imihanda-ya-kaburimbo |title=Iburasirazuba: Batashye ibikorwa remezo birimo Stade z’imikino n’imihanda ya kaburimbo |author=Emmanuel Gasana Sebasaza |website=Kigali Today |date=2022-07-05 |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Rwamagana}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Rwamagana|Nyakariro]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Nyakariro]] hbds2tvbihhn0kk98bjc7q9w4i3433d 0 8047 148658 143847 2026-11-03T13:06:23Z Score Beethoven 11559 148658 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox umurenge}} '''Umurenge wa Murambi''' ni umwe mu [[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|mirenge]] 17 igize [[Akarere ka Rulindo]], mu [[Intara y’Amajyaruguru y’u Rwanda|Ntara y’Amajyaruguru]] y’u [[Rwanda]]. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, Umurenge wa Murambi wari utuwe n'abaturage 27 283. Ugizwe n'utugari 4. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → [[Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Uturere]] → Imirenge → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Utugari == [[Dosiye:Rwanda, Rulindo District.png|thumb|left|Ikarita y'Akarere ka Rulindo]] Akarere ka Rulindo kagizwe n'imirenge 17, utugari 71 n'imidugudu 494.<ref name="menya">{{Cite web |url=https://www.rulindo.gov.rw/akarere/menya-akarere |title=Menya Akarere |website=Akarere ka Rulindo |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Umurenge wa Murambi ugizwe n'[[Akagari|utugari]] 4:<ref name="menya2023">{{Cite web |url=https://www.rulindo.gov.rw/about/menya-akarere |title=Menya Rulindo |website=Akarere ka Rulindo |language=rw |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230215193230/https://www.rulindo.gov.rw/about/menya-akarere |archive-date=2023-02-15 |url-status=dead |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> {{div col|colwidth=15em}} * Bubangu * Gatwa * Mugambazi * Mvuzo {{div col end}} == Abaturage == Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2012, Umurenge wa Murambi wari utuwe n'abaturage 17 892. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, wari utuwe n'abaturage 27 283. Abagabo bari 13 293. Abagore bari 13 990.<ref name="citypop">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/rulindo/4111__murambi/ |title=Murambi (Sector, Rwanda) – Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Abaturage 9 082 batuye mu mujyi. Abaturage 18 201 batuye mu cyaro.<ref name="citypop"/> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Rulindo}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Rulindo|Murambi]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Murambi]] thd964kkm11tf55x1lnrmzugfhgvnbq 0 8115 148624 143817 2026-11-03T13:04:57Z Score Beethoven 11559 148624 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox umurenge}} '''Umurenge wa Karangazi''' ni umwe mu mirenge 14 igize [[Akarere ka Nyagatare]], mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]] y'u [[Rwanda]]. Uhana imbibi na [[Pariki y'Akagera]]. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, Umurenge wa Karangazi wari utuwe n'abaturage 96 915. Ni wo murenge ufite abaturage benshi mu Karere ka Nyagatare. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → [[Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Uturere]] → Imirenge → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Ubuso n'abaturage == [[Dosiye:Rwanda, Nyagatare District.png|thumb|left|Ikarita y'Akarere ka Nyagatare]] Umurenge wa Karangazi ufite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 550,3.<ref name="cp" /> Mu 2012, wari utuwe n'abaturage 57 444.<ref name="cp" /> Mu 2022, wari utuwe n'abaturage 96 915.<ref name="nisr" /> Muri bo, abagabo ni 48 020, abagore ni 48 895.<ref name="nisr" /> Abaturage 27 343 baba mu mujyi. Abandi 69 572 baba mu cyaro.<ref name="nisr" /> Ubucucike ni abantu 176 kuri kilometero kare.<ref name="cp" /> Umurenge wa Karangazi ni wo ufite abaturage benshi mu mirenge 14 y'Akarere ka Nyagatare.<ref name="cpd" /> == Ubukungu == [[Dosiye:Akagera National Park - 6158909327.jpg|thumb|left|Pariki y'Akagera ihana imbibi n'Umurenge wa Karangazi.]] Umurenge wa Karangazi n'Umurenge wa Rwimiyaga ni yo mirenge y'Akarere ka Nyagatare ihana imbibi na Pariki y'Akagera.<ref name="nt" /> Amafaranga Akarere ka Nyagatare gahabwa avuye muri pariki agenewe iyo mirenge yombi.<ref name="nt" /> Mu Murenge wa Karangazi hari aborozi b'inka z'amata.<ref name="tan" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist|refs= <ref name="cp">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/nyagatare/5203__karangazi/ |title=Karangazi (Sector, Rwanda) – Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> <ref name="cpd">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/52__nyagatare/ |title=Nyagatare (District, Rwanda) – Sectors |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> <ref name="nisr">{{Cite web |url=https://statistics.gov.rw/sites/default/files/2025-05/Nyagatare.pdf |title=Fifth Population and Housing Census, Rwanda, 2022: District Profile, Nyagatare |publisher=National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda |year=2023 |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> <ref name="nt">{{Cite web |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/31522/news/tourism/how-akagera-parks-rwf12bn-community-fund-will-be-spent |title=How Akagera Park's Rwf1.2bn community fund will be spent |author=Heritier Bahizi |website=The New Times |date=2025-11-26 |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> <ref name="tan">{{Cite web |url=https://www.topafricanews.com/2026/06/12/nyagatare-dairy-farmers-secure-rwf516-million-matching-grant-to-tackle-drought/ |title=Nyagatare Dairy Farmers Secure Rwf516 Million Matching Grant to Tackle Drought |author=Mutangana Emmanuel |website=Top Africa News |date=2026-06-12 |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> }} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Karangazi Sector|Amafoto y'Umurenge wa Karangazi]] kuri Wikimedia Commons {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Nyagatare}} [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Karangazi]] [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Nyagatare|Karangazi]] 9gmce76nfuhg7xdah4zpk9vyiltywzb 0 8121 148616 143719 2026-11-03T13:04:40Z Score Beethoven 11559 148616 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox umurenge}} '''Kabarondo''' ni umujyi n’umurenge byo mu [[Rwanda|Repubulika y’u Rwanda]]. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → [[Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Uturere]] → Imirenge → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Aho iherereye == Kabarondo iherereye mu [[Akarere ka Kayonza]], mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]]. Iri mu majyepfo y’iburasirazuba bw’u Rwanda, ku muhanda mukuru RN3 uva i [[Kigali]] ukagera i [[Nyakasanza]] muri [[Tanzaniya]]. Kabarondo iri ku ntera y’umuhanda ingana na kilometero 83 mu majyepfo y’iburasirazuba bwa Kigali, umurwa mukuru n’umujyi munini w’u Rwanda.<ref>[http://distancecalculator.globefeed.com/Rwanda_Distance_Result.asp?fromplace=Kabarondo%2C%20Eastern%20Province%2C%20Rwanda&toplace=Kigali%2C%20Rwanda%2C&dt1=ChIJ-wK3gLs32xkR2GYvhen81co&dt2=ChIJl-fYjiWk3BkRyAsdQaU2K_M « Road Distance Between Kigali and Kabarondo With Map »], ''Globefeed.com'', yasuwe ku wa 27 Gicurasi 2015.</ref> Kabarondo iherereye ku nganyagihugu za 2°00′38″ S na 30°33′27″ E, ni ukuvuga ku bubangikane bwa −2.010556 no ku burebure bwa 30.557500.<ref>[https://www.google.com/maps/place/2%C2%B000'38.0%22S+30%C2%B033'27.0%22E/@-2.0105556,30.5575,17z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m2!3m1!1s0x0:0x0 « Location of Kabarondo, Rwanda at Google Maps »], ''Google Maps'', yasuwe ku wa 27 Gicurasi 2015.</ref> == Ahantu h’ingenzi == Ahantu h’ingenzi hari muri Kabarondo cyangwa hafi yayo ni aha: * Ibiro by’ubuyobozi bwa Kabarondo; * Isoko rikuru rya Kabarondo; * Kabarondo Boys Centre, ikigo cyashinzwe mu 2010 n’amashyirahamwe Streets Ahead Children's Centre Association na Property Professionals Breakfast Club SACCA;<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150527201446/https://www.wjr.org.uk/news/a-new-boy-s-centre-in-kabarondo-rwanda/ « A New Boys' Centre in Kabarondo, Rwanda »], ''World Jewish Relief'', 6 Ukuboza 2010, yasuwe ku wa 27 Gicurasi 2015.</ref> * Ikigo cy’imyuga cya Kabarondo; * Parikingi ya tagisi ya Kabarondo.<ref>Claudia Gasana, [https://web.archive.org/web/20150527185803/http://www.rwandaexpress.rw/lifestyle/34147/kabarondo-residents-decry-lack-public-toilets/ « Kabarondo Residents Decry Lack of Public Toilets »], ''Rwanda Express'', 23 Gicurasi 2015, yasuwe ku wa 27 Gicurasi 2015.</ref> == Reba kandi == * [[Urutonde rwa banki zo mu Rwanda]] == Inyandiko n’amashakiro == {{reflist}} == Imiyoboro yo hanze == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20240915103206/https://www.handinhandinternational.org/casestudy/business-as-usual-clementines-climb-from-farmer-to-leader/ Business As Usual: Clementine's Climb From Farmer To Leader] * [https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/article/2011-05-05/30890/ Kabarondo Traders Warned On Tax Fraud] {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Kayonza}} [[Category:Akarere ka Kayonza]] r7urwn4y0ebt46dls2k6pbnpm5jnh3h 0 8167 148719 143921 2026-11-03T13:09:18Z Score Beethoven 11559 148719 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox umurenge}} [[Dosiye:GisagaraDist.png|thumb|Ikarita y’Akarere ka Gisagara igaragaza aho Umurenge wa Kibilizi uherereye.]] '''Umurenge wa Kibilizi''' ni umwe mu mirenge igize [[Akarere ka Gisagara]], mu [[Intara y’Amajyepfo]] y’u Rwanda. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → [[Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Uturere]] → Imirenge → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} 91ptketxozfr5rczzxozmzzq62jjpz4 0 8171 148596 143849 2026-11-03T13:03:54Z Score Beethoven 11559 148596 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox umurenge}} '''Umurenge wa Gasaka''' ni umwe mu [[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|mirenge]] 17 igize [[Akarere ka Nyamagabe]], mu [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Ntara y'Amajyepfo]] y’u [[Rwanda]]. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, Umurenge wa Gasaka wari utuwe n'abaturage 41 558. Ibiro by'Akarere ka Nyamagabe biri muri uyu murenge. Mu 2024, Umurenge wa Gasaka wahembwe imodoka kubera isuku n'umutekano. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → [[Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Uturere]] → Imirenge → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Abaturage == [[Dosiye:Rwanda, Nyamagabe District.png|thumb|left|Ikarita y'Akarere ka Nyamagabe]] Umurenge wa Gasaka ni umwe mu mirenge 17 y'Akarere ka Nyamagabe. Ibiro by'Akarere ka Nyamagabe biri mu Murenge wa Gasaka, mu Kagari ka Nyamugari.<ref name="menya">{{Cite web |url=https://www.nyamagabe.gov.rw/akarere/menya-akarere |title=Menya Akarere |website=Akarere ka Nyamagabe |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2012, Umurenge wa Gasaka wari utuwe n'abaturage 41 522. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, wari utuwe n'abaturage 41 558. Abagabo bari 19 489. Abagore bari 22 069.<ref name="citypop">{{Cite web |url=https://citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/nyamagabe/2503__gasaka/ |title=Gasaka (Sector, Rwanda) – Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Abaturage 29 582 batuye mu mujyi. Abaturage 11 976 batuye mu cyaro.<ref name="citypop" /> == Isuku n'umutekano == Mu 2024, Umurenge wa Gasaka warushije indi mirenge mu bikorwa by'isuku n'umutekano. Wahembwe imodoka. Iyo modoka yashyikirijwe ubuyobozi bw'umurenge ku wa 19 Kamena 2024.<ref name="isuku">{{Cite web |url=https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/mu-rwanda/article/nyamagabe-umurenge-wa-gasaka-wegukanye-imodoka-y-igihembo-cy-isuku-n-umutekano |title=Nyamagabe: Umurenge wa Gasaka wegukanye imodoka y'igihembo cy'isuku n'umutekano |author=Marie Claire Joyeuse |website=Kigali Today |date=2024-06-21 |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Mu bikorwa byatumye umurenge uhabwa icyo gihembo harimo gutunganya ingo, kugira uturima tw’imboga n’ibiti by’imbuto, gusukura udusantere tw’ubucuruzi no kwitabira amarondo. Ibigo by’amashuri n’ibigo by’ubuvuzi byahinze imbuto n’ibihumyo kugira ngo birwanye igwingira mu bana.<ref name="isuku" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Gasaka Sector|Amafoto y’Umurenge wa Gasaka]] kuri Wikimedia Commons {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Nyamagabe}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Nyamagabe|Gasaka]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Gasaka]] 52jgb68h6rjzfwkcmnwhqgyt09rnlni 0 8194 148651 143890 2026-11-03T13:06:03Z Score Beethoven 11559 148651 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox umurenge}} '''Umurenge wa Mugombwa''' ni umwe mu [[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|mirenge]] 13 igize [[Akarere ka Gisagara]], mu [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Ntara y'Amajyepfo]] y’u [[Rwanda]]. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, Umurenge wa Mugombwa wari utuwe n'abaturage 36 469. Abaturage bose batuye mu cyaro. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → [[Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Uturere]] → Imirenge → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Abaturage == [[Dosiye:Rwanda, Gisagara District.png|thumb|left|Ikarita y'Akarere ka Gisagara]] Umurenge wa Mugombwa ni umwe mu mirenge 13 y'Akarere ka Gisagara.<ref name="menya">{{Cite web |url=https://www.gisagara.gov.rw/akarere/menya-akarere |title=Menya Akarere |website=Akarere ka Gisagara |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2012, Umurenge wa Mugombwa wari utuwe n'abaturage 22 712. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, wari utuwe n'abaturage 36 469. Abagabo bari 17 116. Abagore bari 19 353.<ref name="citypop">{{Cite web |url=https://citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/gisagara/2208__mugombwa/ |title=Mugombwa (Sector, Rwanda) – Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Abaturage bose batuye mu cyaro.<ref name="citypop" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Reba kandi == * [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Mugombwa]] == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Mugombwa Sector|Amafoto y’Umurenge wa Mugombwa]] kuri Wikimedia Commons {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Gisagara}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Gisagara|Mugombwa]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Mugombwa]] eisi6f7q1fsw34j960v7ug5bkfrrt0k 0 8196 148597 143703 2026-11-03T13:03:57Z Score Beethoven 11559 148597 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox umurenge}} '''Umurenge wa Gasange''' ni umwe mu mirenge 14 igize [[Akarere ka Gatsibo]], mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]], mu [[Rwanda]]. Ugizwe n'utugari 4. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, Umurenge wa Gasange wari utuwe n'abaturage 20 725. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → [[Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Uturere]] → Imirenge → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Utugari == [[Dosiye:Rwanda, Gatsibo District.png|thumb|left|Ikarita y'Akarere ka Gatsibo]] Umurenge wa Gasange ni umwe mu mirenge 14 y'Akarere ka Gatsibo.<ref name="citypop">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/53__gatsibo/ |title=Gatsibo (District, Rwanda) – Sectors |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Ugizwe n'[[Akagari|utugari]] 4:<ref name="utugari">{{Cite web |url=https://www.gatsibo.gov.rw/updates/announcements/imirenge-nutugari |title=Imirenge n'utugari |website=gatsibo.gov.rw |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> {{div col|colwidth=15em}} * Kigabiro * Kimana * Teme * Viro {{div col end}} == Abaturage == Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2012, Umurenge wa Gasange wari utuwe n'abaturage 17 783. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, wari utuwe n'abaturage 20 725.<ref name="citypop" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Gatsibo}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Gatsibo]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Gasange]] 5ikc0oelzilvctil8a4kjn317qk9ech 0 8197 148669 143771 2026-11-03T13:06:53Z Score Beethoven 11559 148669 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox umurenge}} '''Umurenge wa Ndera''' ni umwe mu mirenge 15 igize [[Akarere ka Gasabo]], mu [[Kigali|Mujyi wa Kigali]], mu [[Rwanda]]. Ugizwe n'utugari 6. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, Umurenge wa Ndera wari utuwe n'abaturage 95 164. Muri uyu murenge hari inzibutso ebyiri za [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]]. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → [[Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Uturere]] → Imirenge → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Ubuso n'utugari == [[Dosiye:Rwanda, Gasabo District.png|thumb|left|upright=0.5|Akarere ka Gasabo]] Umurenge wa Ndera ni umwe mu mirenge 15 y'Akarere ka Gasabo. Ufite ubuso bwa km² 50,38.<ref name="citypop">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/12__gasabo/ |title=Gasabo (District, Rwanda) – Sectors |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-23}}</ref> Ugizwe n'[[Akagari|utugari]] 6:<ref name="menya">{{Cite web |url=https://www.gasabo.gov.rw/about/menya-akarere |title=Menya Akarere |website=gasabo.gov.rw |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-23}}</ref> {{div col|colwidth=15em}} * Bwiza * Cyaruzinge * Kibenga * Masoro * Mukuyu * Rudashya {{div col end}} {{clear|left}} == Abaturage == Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2012, Umurenge wa Ndera wari utuwe n'abaturage 41 764. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, wari utuwe n'abaturage 95 164.<ref name="citypop" /> == Inzibutso za Jenoside == [[Dosiye:Ndera Hospital.jpg|thumb|left|upright=0.6|[[Ibitaro bya Ndera]]]] Mu Murenge wa Ndera hari inzibutso ebyiri za [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]]. Ku rwibutso rwa Petit Séminaire ya Ndera habarurwa abazize Jenoside 8 004. Ku rwibutso rwa Caraes Ndera habarurwa abazize Jenoside 32 030.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/26503/news/kwibuka/rwanda-medical-supply-honours-genocide-victims |title=Rwanda Medical Supply honours Genocide victims |last=Ufitiwabo |first=Aurore Teta |website=The New Times |date=2025-05-17 |language=en |access-date=2026-10-23}}</ref> {{clear|left}} == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Ndera Sector|Amafoto y'Umurenge wa Ndera]] kuri Wikimedia Commons {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Gasabo}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Gasabo]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Ndera]] a46ivmu2cexg1xzk6yj68a88ohfp7ev 0 8199 148595 143848 2026-11-03T13:03:52Z Score Beethoven 11559 148595 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox umurenge}} '''Umurenge wa Gahunga''' ni umwe mu [[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|mirenge]] 17 igize [[Akarere ka Burera]], mu [[Intara y’Amajyaruguru y’u Rwanda|Ntara y'Amajyaruguru]] y’u [[Rwanda]]. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, Umurenge wa Gahunga wari utuwe n'abaturage 28 059. Mu 2012, imiryango yo mu tugari twa Nyangwe na Buramba yakusanyije amafaranga yo kugeza amashanyarazi mu midugudu yayo. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → [[Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Uturere]] → Imirenge → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Abaturage == [[Dosiye:Burera District.png|thumb|left|Ikarita y'Akarere ka Burera]] Akarere ka Burera kagizwe n'imirenge 17. Umurenge wa Gahunga ni umwe muri yo.<ref name="akarere">{{Cite web |url=https://www.burera.gov.rw/en/district/district-overview |title=District overview |website=burera.gov.rw |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2012, Umurenge wa Gahunga wari utuwe n'abaturage 25 637. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, wari utuwe n'abaturage 28 059. Abagabo bari 13 282. Abagore bari 14 777.<ref name="citypop">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/burera/4405__gahunga/ |title=Gahunga (Sector, Rwanda) – Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Abaturage 5 850 batuye mu mujyi. Abaturage 22 209 batuye mu cyaro. Abari munsi y'imyaka 15 bari 10 006. Abari hagati y'imyaka 15 na 64 bari 16 635. Abafite imyaka 65 cyangwa irenga bari 1 418.<ref name="citypop" /> == Ibikorwa remezo == Mu 2012, imiryango 270 yo mu tugari twa Nyangwe na Buramba yakusanyije miliyoni 160 z'amafaranga y'u Rwanda. Aya mafaranga yari agenewe kugeza amashanyarazi mu midugudu irindwi yo muri utwo tugari. Umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi wari uteganyijwe ku burebure bwa kilometero eshanu.<ref name="nt">{{Cite web |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/66170/National/gahunga-residents-raise-rwf160million-for-power-connection |title=Gahunga residents raise Rwf160million for power connection |website=The New Times |date=2012-01-13 |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Burera}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Burera|Gahunga]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Gahunga]] 94hanniwimwfzdv8d77826ndo497e38 0 8244 148678 143781 2026-11-03T13:07:18Z Score Beethoven 11559 148678 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox umurenge}} '''Nyagihanga''' ni umwe mu [[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|mirenge]] 14 igize [[Akarere ka Gatsibo]], mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]] bw’u [[Rwanda]]. Mu 2022, Umurenge wa Nyagihanga wari utuwe n’abaturage 28 812. Abaturage bose babaga mu cyaro. Muri uyu murenge hari Ishuri ribanza rya Mayange. Mu 2025, hubakwaga ikiraro gifasha abahinzi kugeza umusaruro ku isoko. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → [[Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Uturere]] → Imirenge → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Ubumenyi bw’isi == Umurenge wa Nyagihanga uri mu Karere ka Gatsibo. Akarere ka Gatsibo gafite imirenge 14.<ref name="citypop-gatsibo">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/53__gatsibo/ |title=Gatsibo (District, Rwanda) – Sectors |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Umurenge wa Nyagihanga ugizwe n’[[Akagari|utugari]]. Tumwe muri two ni Kibare, Mayange na Nyamirama.<ref name="iwacu" /><ref name="topafrica" /> == Abaturage == Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2012, Umurenge wa Nyagihanga wari utuwe n’abaturage 24 159. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, abaturage bari 28 812. Muri bo, abagabo bari 13 858. Abagore bari 14 954. Abana bari munsi y’imyaka 15 bari 10 522. Abaturage bose babaga mu cyaro.<ref name="citypop">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/gatsibo/5311__nyagihanga/ |title=Nyagihanga (Sector, Rwanda) – Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.statistics.gov.rw/sites/default/files/2025-05/Gatsibo.pdf |title=Fifth Population and Housing Census, Rwanda, 2022: District Profile, Gatsibo |publisher=National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda |date=September 2023 |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> == Ubukungu n’ibikorwa remezo == Abahinzi bo mu Murenge wa Nyagihanga bagiraga ikibazo cyo kugeza umusaruro ku isoko. Mu gihe cy’imvura, umugezi wuzuraga. Amazi yangizaga imyaka. Mu 2025, hubakwaga [[ikiraro]] kuri uwo mugezi. Abaturage bagize uruhare mu kucyubaka. Ikiraro kizafasha abaturage bo mu tugari twa Kibare, Nyamirama na Mayange.<ref name="iwacu">{{Cite web |url=https://iwacupress.com/nyagihanga-sector-a-bridge-of-hope-unity-and-progress |title=Nyagihanga Sector: A Bridge of Hope, Unity, and Progress |author=Iradukunda Damascene |website=Iwacupress |date=2025-07-12 |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> == Uburezi == Ishuri ribanza rya Mayange riri mu Kagari ka Mayange. Mu 2018 no mu 2019, umuryango Food for the Hungry (FH Rwanda) wubakiye iri shuri ibyumba by’amashuri umunani. Uyu mushinga wari ufite agaciro ka miliyoni 70 z’amafaranga y’u Rwanda. Mu 2019, iri shuri ryari rifite abanyeshuri barenga 700.<ref name="topafrica">{{Cite web |url=http://www.topafricanews.com/2019/05/02/gatsibo-fh-rwanda-inaugurate-mayange-primary-school/ |title=Gatsibo, FH Rwanda inaugurate Mayange Primary School |website=Top Africa News |date=2019-05-02 |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Gatsibo}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Gatsibo|Nyagihanga]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Nyagihanga]] a1pjxsgys5yihnwfyla8236lb4uprsy 0 8248 148715 143893 2026-11-03T13:08:49Z Score Beethoven 11559 148715 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox umurenge}} '''Umurenge wa Shyogwe''' ni umwe mu [[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|mirenge]] 12 igize [[Akarere ka Muhanga]], mu [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Ntara y'Amajyepfo]] y’u [[Rwanda]]. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, Umurenge wa Shyogwe wari utuwe n'abaturage 50 966. Abaturage benshi b'uyu murenge batuye mu mujyi. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → [[Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Uturere]] → Imirenge → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Abaturage == [[Dosiye:Rwanda, Muhanga District.png|thumb|left|Ikarita y'Akarere ka Muhanga]] Umurenge wa Shyogwe ni umwe mu mirenge 12 y'Akarere ka Muhanga.<ref name="menya">{{Cite web |url=https://www.muhanga.gov.rw/akarere/menya-akarere |title=Menya Akarere |website=Akarere ka Muhanga |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2012, Umurenge wa Shyogwe wari utuwe n'abaturage 44 771. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, wari utuwe n'abaturage 50 966. Abagabo bari 27 407. Abagore bari 23 559.<ref name="citypop">{{Cite web |url=https://citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/muhanga/2712__shyogwe/ |title=Shyogwe (Sector, Rwanda) – Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Abaturage 33 573 batuye mu mujyi. Abaturage 17 393 batuye mu cyaro.<ref name="citypop" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Muhanga}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Muhanga|Shyogwe]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Shyogwe]] 9ryy57c53rh3nnry8o2wvfu1mhewmo3 0 8265 148575 143683 2026-11-03T13:02:56Z Score Beethoven 11559 148575 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Akarere ka Rulindo''' ni kamwe mu turere dutanu tugize [[Intara y’Amajyaruguru y’u Rwanda|Intara y'Amajyaruguru]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Gafite ubuso bwa 567 km² n'abaturage 360 144. Kagizwe n'imirenge 17. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → Uturere → [[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Imirenge]] → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Ubuso n'imbibi == [[File:IKIRENGE cultural monument.jpg|thumb|left|upright|Ishusho ya Ruganzu II Ndoli mu Karere ka Rulindo]] Akarere ka Rulindo gahana imbibi n'uturere twa [[Akarere ka Nyarugenge|Nyarugenge]] na [[Akarere ka Gasabo|Gasabo]] two mu [[Kigali|Mujyi wa Kigali]]. Gahana kandi imbibi n'[[Akarere ka Kamonyi]] ko mu [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Ntara y'Amajyepfo]]. Mu Ntara y'Amajyaruguru, gahana imbibi n'uturere twa [[Akarere ka Gakenke|Gakenke]] na [[Akarere ka Burera|Burera]].<ref name="menya">{{Cite web |url=https://www.rulindo.gov.rw/akarere/menya-akarere |title=Menya Akarere |website=rulindo.gov.rw |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-22}}</ref> Akarere kagizwe n'[[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|imirenge]] 17, [[akagari|utugari]] 71 n'[[imidugudu]] 494. Gafite ubuso bwa 567 km². Gatuwe n'abaturage 360 144. Abagore ni 188 295, abagabo ni 171 849. Ubucucike ni abaturage 635 kuri km².<ref name="menya"/> == Imirenge == Akarere ka Rulindo kagizwe n'imirenge 17:<ref name="menya"/> {{div col|colwidth=15em}} # Base # Burega # [[Umurenge wa Bushoki|Bushoki]] # Buyoga # Cyinzuzi # Cyungo # Kinihira # Kisaro # Masoro # Mbogo # [[Umurenge wa Murambi|Murambi]] # Ngoma # Ntarabana # Rukozo # Rusiga # Shyorongi # Tumba {{div col end}} == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Rulindo District|Amafoto y'Akarere ka Rulindo]] kuri Wikimedia Commons {{Palette Intara n'Uturere by'u Rwanda}} {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Rulindo}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Rulindo]] [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Rulindo| ]] iu0atxwjh9rccialnp8c14j84hrxrf9 0 8290 148579 143824 2026-11-03T13:03:10Z Score Beethoven 11559 148579 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox umurenge}} '''Umurenge wa Bigogwe''' ni umurenge wo mu [[Akarere ka Nyabihu|Karere ka Nyabihu]], mu [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba]] y'u [[Rwanda]]. Uri mu misozi y'amajyaruguru y'uburengerazuba bw'u Rwanda. Bigogwe izwiho ubworozi bw'[[inka]]. Muri 2022, Umurenge wa Bigogwe wari utuwe n'abaturage 34 439. Kuva muri 2021, umushinga [[Ibere rya Bigogwe]] wakuruye ba mukerarugendo baza gusura inka. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → [[Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Uturere]] → Imirenge → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Amateka == [[File:Ibere rya bigogwe.jpg|thumb|left|Ibere rya Bigogwe]] Abagogwe ni itsinda ry'[[Abatutsi]] bo mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba bw'u Rwanda. Hagati ya Mutarama na Werurwe 1991, Abagogwe benshi barishwe. Human Rights Watch yavuze ko abasivili barenga 300 bishwe. Ubu bwicanyi bwitwa [[Ubwicanyi bwa Bagogwe]].<ref name="hrw">{{Cite web |url=https://www.hrw.org/reports/1992/WR92/AFW-07.htm |title=Rwanda: Human Rights Developments |work=World Report 1992 |publisher=Human Rights Watch |year=1992 |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Abatutsi bo muri Bigogwe batotejwe kuva muri 1990.<ref name="nt2026">{{Cite web |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/202604090116.html |title='Killed Twice' – a Bigogwe Survivor's Story of Loss and Resilience |author=Alice Umutesi |website=The New Times (AllAfrica) |date=2026-04-09 |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> I Bigogwe hari ikigo cya gisirikare. [[Interahamwe]] zahawe imyitozo ya mbere muri icyo kigo.<ref name="nt2012">{{Cite web |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/71226/National/in-bigogwe-killings-began-much-earlier |title=In Bigogwe, killings began much earlier |website=The New Times |date=2012-04-13 |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Muri [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]], hafi y'abagabo bose n'urubyiruko rw'Abatutsi bo muri Bigogwe barishwe.<ref name="nt2012" /> == Abaturage == Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2012, Umurenge wa Bigogwe wari utuwe n'abaturage 31 657. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, wari utuwe n'abaturage 34 439. Muri bo, abagabo bari 16 385, abagore bari 18 054. Abaturage 25 398 bari batuye mu gace k'umujyi. Abandi 9 041 bari batuye mu cyaro.<ref name="cp">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/nyabihu/3401__bigogwe/ |title=Bigogwe (Sector, Rwanda) |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> == Ubukungu == Bigogwe ifite inzuri nini. Ubworozi bw'inka ni bwo buranga uyu murenge. Bimwe muri izo nzuri biri mu [[Akagari ka Arusha|Kagari ka Arusha]].<ref name="kt2023">{{Cite web |url=https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubukerarugendo/ahantu/article/minisitiri-mbabazi-yagaragaye-yambaye-rumbiya-amafoto |title=Minisitiri Mbabazi yagaragaye yambaye ‘rumbiya’ (Amafoto) |author=Ishimwe Rugira Gisele |website=Kigali Today |date=2023-01-22 |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> [[Ibere rya Bigogwe]] ni umushinga w'[[ubukerarugendo]]. Witiriwe umusozi usa n'ibere. Watangijwe na Ngabo Alexis Karegeya muri Gicurasi 2021.<ref name="mkur">{{Cite web |url=https://magazine.mkur.ac.rw/ibere-rya-bigogwe-where-cows-culture-and-community-meet/ |title=Ibere rya Bigogwe: where cows, culture and community meet |website=MKUR Magazine |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Abashyitsi bakama inka. Banywa [[amata]] mashya. Banazamuka imisozi.<ref name="le360">{{Cite web |url=https://afrique.le360.ma/societe/rwanda-de-symbole-royal-a-atout-touristique-a-bigogwe-la-vache-retrouve-ses-lettres-de-noblesse_XBENKRTGEFEYDOI42QARREMRGA/ |title=Rwanda. De symbole royal à atout touristique: à Bigogwe, la vache retrouve ses lettres de noblesse |author=Fraterne Ndacyayisenga |website=Le360 Afrique |date=2026-07-25 |language=fr |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Muri 2024, inka z'Inyambo zagaruwe i Bigogwe. Zari zimaze imyaka igera kuri 50 zitahaba.<ref name="mkur" /> == Ibikorwa remezo == Muri 2014, amazi yabaga make mu gihe cy'impeshyi. Abaturage bamwe bakoraga urugendo rugera kuri km 4 bajya kuvoma. Umuhanda Shaba–Vuga–Kabatwa wari umaze kubakwa. Uhuza ako gace n'umuhanda wa kaburimbo.<ref name="kt2014">{{Cite web |url=https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubukungu/iterambere/article/bigogwe-ibibazo-by-amazi-umuriro-n-imihanda-biri-mu-duce-twegereye-ibirunga |title=Bigogwe: Ibibazo by’amazi, umuriro n’imihanda biri mu duce twegereye ibirunga birimo gushakirwa umuti |author=Safari Viateur |website=Kigali Today |date=2014-07-03 |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Reba kandi == === Ingingo zijyanye === * [[Ibere rya Bigogwe]] * [[Urutare rwa Bigogwe]] * [[Ubwicanyi bwa Bagogwe]] * [[Ikigo nderabuzima cya Bigogwe]] * [[Akagari ka Arusha]] === Ihuza ryo hanze === * [[commons:Category:Bigogwe Sector|Amafoto y'Umurenge wa Bigogwe]] kuri Wikimedia Commons * Uko izina Bigogwe rivugwa: [[File:LL-Q33573 (kin)-Adeline07-Bigogwe.wav]] {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Nyabihu}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Nyabihu]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda]] p6it8ln0qlg1j5tnaw1jk54d0rwke1y 0 8298 148585 143883 2026-11-03T13:03:26Z Score Beethoven 11559 148585 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox umurenge}} '''Umurenge wa Bushoki''' ni umwe mu [[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|mirenge]] 17 igize [[Akarere ka Rulindo]], mu [[Intara y’Amajyaruguru y’u Rwanda|Ntara y’Amajyaruguru]] y’u [[Rwanda]]. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, Umurenge wa Bushoki wari utuwe n'abaturage 23 570. Ugizwe n'utugari 5. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → [[Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Uturere]] → Imirenge → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Utugari == [[Dosiye:Rwanda, Rulindo District.png|thumb|left|Ikarita y'Akarere ka Rulindo]] Akarere ka Rulindo kagizwe n'imirenge 17, utugari 71 n'imidugudu 494. Umurenge wa Bushoki ugizwe n'[[Akagari|utugari]] 5:<ref name="menya">{{Cite web |url=https://www.rulindo.gov.rw/akarere/menya-akarere |title=Menya Akarere |website=Akarere ka Rulindo |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> {{div col|colwidth=15em}} * Gasiza * Giko * Kayenzi * Mukoto * Nyirangarama {{div col end}} == Abaturage == Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2012, Umurenge wa Bushoki wari utuwe n'abaturage 19 970. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, wari utuwe n'abaturage 23 570. Abagabo bari 11 102. Abagore bari 12 468. Abaturage bose batuye mu cyaro.<ref name="citypop">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/rulindo/4103__bushoki/ |title=Bushoki (Sector, Rwanda) – Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Bushoki Sector|Amafoto y’Umurenge wa Bushoki]] kuri Wikimedia Commons {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Rulindo}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Rulindo|Bushoki]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Bushoki]] jbcwb7hum0v7z3vapku9mhsslrtt5b1 0 8302 148620 143887 2026-11-03T13:04:49Z Score Beethoven 11559 148620 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox umurenge}} '''Umurenge wa Kamegeri''' ni umwe mu [[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|mirenge]] 17 igize [[Akarere ka Nyamagabe]], mu [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Ntara y'Amajyepfo]] y’u [[Rwanda]]. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, Umurenge wa Kamegeri wari utuwe n'abaturage 14 400. Abaturage bose batuye mu cyaro. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → [[Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Uturere]] → Imirenge → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Abaturage == [[Dosiye:Rwanda, Nyamagabe District.png|thumb|left|Ikarita y'Akarere ka Nyamagabe]] Umurenge wa Kamegeri ni umwe mu mirenge 17 y'Akarere ka Nyamagabe.<ref name="menya">{{Cite web |url=https://www.nyamagabe.gov.rw/akarere/menya-akarere |title=Menya Akarere |website=Akarere ka Nyamagabe |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2012, Umurenge wa Kamegeri wari utuwe n'abaturage 13 579. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, wari utuwe n'abaturage 14 400. Abagabo bari 6 782. Abagore bari 7 618.<ref name="citypop">{{Cite web |url=https://citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/nyamagabe/2506__kamegeri/ |title=Kamegeri (Sector, Rwanda) – Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Abaturage bose batuye mu cyaro.<ref name="citypop" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Nyamagabe}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Nyamagabe|Kamegeri]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Kamegeri]] knizjp3gztm87lon4oqgttdbzodbqg1 0 8312 148631 143892 2026-11-03T13:05:13Z Score Beethoven 11559 148631 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox umurenge}} '''Umurenge wa Kigoma''' ni umwe mu [[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|mirenge]] 14 igize [[Akarere ka Huye]], mu [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Ntara y'Amajyepfo]] y’u [[Rwanda]]. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, Umurenge wa Kigoma wari utuwe n'abaturage 25 455. Ugizwe n'utugari 8. Abaturage bose batuye mu cyaro. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → [[Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Uturere]] → Imirenge → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Utugari == [[Dosiye:Rwanda, Huye District.png|thumb|left|Ikarita y'Akarere ka Huye]] Umurenge wa Kigoma ni umwe mu mirenge 14 y'Akarere ka Huye. Ugizwe n'[[Akagari|utugari]] 8:<ref name="huye">{{Cite web |url=https://www.huye.gov.rw/menya-akarere |title=Menya Akarere |website=Akarere ka Huye |language=rw |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230803202107/https://www.huye.gov.rw/menya-akarere |archive-date=2023-08-03 |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> {{div col|colwidth=15em}} * Gishihe * Kabatwa * Kabuga * Karambi * Musebeya * Nyabisindu * Rugarama * Shanga {{div col end}} == Abaturage == Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2012, Umurenge wa Kigoma wari utuwe n'abaturage 24 786. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, wari utuwe n'abaturage 25 455. Abagabo bari 12 050. Abagore bari 13 405.<ref name="citypop">{{Cite web |url=https://citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/huye/2404__kigoma/ |title=Kigoma (Sector, Rwanda) – Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Abaturage bose batuye mu cyaro.<ref name="citypop" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Huye}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Huye|Kigoma]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Kigoma]] du16ccf9kfb5v6vo1fpeyak4ig5h85g 0 8321 148670 143885 2026-11-03T13:06:55Z Score Beethoven 11559 148670 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox umurenge}} '''Umurenge wa Nemba''' ni umwe mu [[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|mirenge]] 19 igize [[Akarere ka Gakenke]], mu [[Intara y’Amajyaruguru y’u Rwanda|Ntara y’Amajyaruguru]] y’u [[Rwanda]]. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, Umurenge wa Nemba wari utuwe n'abaturage 16 854. Ugizwe n'utugari 4. Ibitaro bya Nemba biherereye muri uyu murenge. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → [[Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Uturere]] → Imirenge → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Utugari == [[Dosiye:Rwanda, Gakenke District.png|thumb|left|Ikarita y'Akarere ka Gakenke]] Akarere ka Gakenke kagizwe n'imirenge 19, utugari 97 n'imidugudu 617.<ref name="menya">{{Cite web |url=https://www.gakenke.gov.rw/akarere/menya-akarere |title=Menya Akarere |website=Akarere ka Gakenke |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Umurenge wa Nemba ugizwe n'[[Akagari|utugari]] 4:<ref name="mindat">{{Cite web |url=https://www.mindat.org/feature-11186763.html |title=Nemba, Gakenke District, Northern Province, Rwanda |website=Mindat |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> {{div col|colwidth=15em}} * Buranga * Gahinga * Gisozi * Mucaca {{div col end}} == Abaturage == Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2012, Umurenge wa Nemba wari utuwe n'abaturage 15 643. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, wari utuwe n'abaturage 16 854. Abagabo bari 7 851. Abagore bari 9 003.<ref name="citypop">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/gakenke/4216__nemba/ |title=Nemba (Sector, Rwanda) – Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Abaturage 2 588 batuye mu mujyi. Abaturage 14 266 batuye mu cyaro.<ref name="citypop"/> == Ibikorwa remezo == [[Ibitaro bya Nemba]] biherereye mu Kagari ka Mucaca. Ni bimwe mu bitaro bitatu by’akarere biri mu Karere ka Gakenke. Ibindi ni Ibitaro bya Gatonde n’Ibitaro bya Ruli.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.moh.gov.rw/affiliates-teaching-hospitals/hospitals |title=Hospitals |website=Minisiteri y’Ubuzima |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Ibitaro bya Nemba bitanga serivisi zirimo ubutabazi bwihutirwa, kubaga, kuvura abana no kubyaza.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nembahospital.rw/1/services/clinical-services |title=Clinical services |website=Ibitaro bya Nemba |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Gakenke}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Gakenke|Nemba]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Nemba]] agttkt36m1jnr353tso5b9g9inmaj9y 0 8324 148692 143859 2026-11-03T13:07:52Z Score Beethoven 11559 148692 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox umurenge}} '''Umurenge wa Nyarugunga''' ni umwe mu [[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|mirenge]] 10 igize [[Akarere ka Kicukiro]], mu [[Kigali|Mujyi wa Kigali]], mu [[Rwanda]]. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, Umurenge wa Nyarugunga wari utuwe n'abaturage 49 247. Ugizwe n'utugari 3. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → [[Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Uturere]] → Imirenge → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Ubuso n'utugari == [[Dosiye:Rwanda, Kicukiro District.png|thumb|left|Ikarita y'Akarere ka Kicukiro]] Umurenge wa Nyarugunga ni umwe mu mirenge 10 y'Akarere ka Kicukiro.<ref name="kicukiro">{{Cite web |url=https://www.kicukiro.gov.rw/akarere/menya-akarere-1 |title=Abanyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa b'Imirenge |website=kicukiro.gov.rw |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Ufite ubuso bwa km² 15,28.<ref name="citypop">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/kicukiro/1310__nyarugunga/ |title=Nyarugunga (Sector, Rwanda) – Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Ugizwe n'[[Akagari|utugari]] 3:<ref name="kicukiro" /> {{div col|colwidth=15em}} * Kamashashi * Nonko * Rwimbogo {{div col end}} == Abaturage == Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2012, Umurenge wa Nyarugunga wari utuwe n'abaturage 40 057. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, wari utuwe n'abaturage 49 247. Abagabo bari 24 018. Abagore bari 25 229. Abaturage bose batuye mu mujyi.<ref name="citypop" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Nyarugunga Sector|Amafoto y’Umurenge wa Nyarugunga]] kuri Wikimedia Commons {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Kicukiro}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Kicukiro|Nyarugunga]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Nyarugunga]] 43t70s9jg328tl0ya2o0m2ls3znciq4 0 8337 148556 143665 2026-11-03T13:02:01Z Score Beethoven 11559 148556 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Akarere ka Kamonyi''' ni kamwe mu turere umunani tugize [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Intara y'Amajyepfo]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Gafite ubuso bwa 655,5 km² n'abaturage 450 849. Kagizwe n'imirenge 12. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → Uturere → [[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Imirenge]] → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Ubuso n'imbibi == Akarere ka Kamonyi gahana imbibi n'uturere dutanu: [[Akarere ka Muhanga|Muhanga]], [[Akarere ka Ruhango|Ruhango]], [[Akarere ka Nyarugenge|Nyarugenge]], [[Akarere ka Gakenke|Gakenke]] na [[Akarere ka Bugesera|Bugesera]].<ref name="menya">{{Cite web |url=https://www.kamonyi.gov.rw/akarere/menya-akarere |title=Menya Akarere |website=kamonyi.gov.rw |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-22}}</ref> Akarere kagizwe n'[[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|imirenge]] 12, [[akagari|utugari]] 59 n'[[imidugudu]] 317. Gafite ubuso bwa 655,5 km² n'abaturage 450 849. Ubucucike ni abaturage 688 kuri km². Ibiro by'akarere biri mu Murenge wa Gacurabwenge, mu Kagari ka Gihinga, mu Mudugudu wa Ryabitana.<ref name="menya"/> == Imirenge == Akarere ka Kamonyi kagizwe n'imirenge 12:<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/28__kamonyi/ |title=Kamonyi (District, Rwanda) – Sectors |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-22}}</ref> {{div col|colwidth=15em}} # Gacurabwenge # Karama # [[Umurenge wa Kayenzi|Kayenzi]] # Kayumbu # Mugina # Musambira # Ngamba # Nyamiyaga # Nyarubaka # Rugarika # Rukoma # Runda {{div col end}} == Amateka n'ubukerarugendo == [[File:IBITARE BYA MASHYIGA 2.jpg|thumb|left|Ibitare bya Mashyiga mu Karere ka Kamonyi]] Akarere ka Kamonyi gafite ahantu nyaburanga hatandukanye. Ijuru rya Kamonyi riri mu Murenge wa Gacurabwenge. Aho ni ho Umwami [[Yuhi III Mazimpaka|Yuhi Mazimpaka]] yari atuye. Umuhungu we [[Cyilima II Rujugira|Cyirima Rujugira]] yatuye ku musozi wa Gaseke, mu Murenge wa Kayenzi. I Muganza, mu Murenge wa Karama, hari ishyamba ryashyingurwagamo abami.<ref name="menya"/> == Ubukungu == Akarere ka Kamonyi keramo imyumbati. Ubutaka bwahujwe ku buso bwa hegitari 2 800 bwo guhinga imyumbati.<ref name="menya"/> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Kamonyi District|Amafoto y'Akarere ka Kamonyi]] kuri Wikimedia Commons {{Palette Intara n'Uturere by'u Rwanda}} {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Kamonyi}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Kamonyi]] [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Kamonyi| ]] mw31zl4l7nk7n5qbovhzwsa3204vh58 0 8339 148686 143806 2026-11-03T13:07:38Z Score Beethoven 11559 148686 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox umurenge}} '''Nyamugari''' ni umwe mu [[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|mirenge]] 12 igize [[Akarere ka Kirehe]], mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]] bw’u [[Rwanda]]. Mu 2022, Umurenge wa Nyamugari wari utuwe n’abaturage 42 938. Abenshi muri bo babaga mu cyaro. Mu 2020, i Kiyanzi hashyizweho ahantu hakorerwa imirimo ya gasutamo. Abaturage bamwe bavoma amazi mu [[Umugezi wa Kagera|mugezi wa Kagera]]. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → [[Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Uturere]] → Imirenge → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Ubumenyi bw’isi == Umurenge wa Nyamugari uri mu Karere ka Kirehe. Akarere ka Kirehe gafite imirenge 12 n’utugari 60.<ref name="kirehe">{{Cite web |url=https://www.kirehe.gov.rw/akarere/njyanama-1-1 |title=Imirenge n'utugari |website=Akarere ka Kirehe |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Ubuso bw’Umurenge wa Nyamugari ni kilometero kare 97,94.<ref name="citypop" /> Umurenge wa Nyamugari ugizwe n’[[Akagari|utugari]]. Tumwe muri two ni Kazizi na Kiyanzi.<ref name="muhazi" /><ref name="infonile" /> == Abaturage == Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2012, Umurenge wa Nyamugari wari utuwe n’abaturage 36 754. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, abaturage bari 42 938. Muri bo, abagabo bari 20 867. Abagore bari 22 071. Abana bari munsi y’imyaka 15 bari 17 018. Abaturage 39 961 babaga mu cyaro. Abaturage 2 977 babaga mu mujyi. Mu 2022, ku kilometero kare imwe habaga abaturage 438.<ref name="citypop">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/kirehe/5511__nyamugari/ |title=Nyamugari (Sector, Rwanda) – Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> == Ubukungu n’ibikorwa remezo == Mu 2020, u Rwanda rwashyizeho ahantu hakorerwa imirimo ya gasutamo i Kiyanzi, mu Murenge wa Nyamugari. Kiyanzi iri ku muhanda uva i Rusumo ujya i [[Kigali]]. Abashoferi b’amakamyo bambuka umupaka bahabona ububiko bw’ibicuruzwa. Bahabona kandi aho kurara. Aha hantu hashyizweho mu ngamba zo kwirinda [[COVID-19]].<ref name="ktpress">{{Cite web |url=https://www.ktpress.rw/2020/05/rwanda-steps-up-safety-for-cross-border-truck-drivers/ |title=Rwanda Steps Up Safety for Cross Border Truck Drivers |author=Daniel Sabiiti |website=KT Press |date=2020-05-01 |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Abaturage bo mu Kagari ka Kiyanzi bagira ikibazo cy’ibura ry’amazi. Bavoma amazi mu mugezi wa Kagera, ku mupaka wa Rusumo. Mu 2022, mu Murenge wa Nyamugari hari ingomero ebyiri. Abahinzi bari biteze ko umushinga w’[[Urugomero rwa Rusumo]] uzabafasha kuhira imyaka.<ref name="infonile">{{Cite web |url=https://infonile.org/en/2022/09/rwandan-farmers-hopeful-for-irrigation-gains-from-rusumo-hydropower-project-despite-pollution-concerns/ |title=Rwandan farmers hopeful for irrigation gains from Rusumo Hydropower project, despite pollution concerns |author=Annonciata Byukusenge |website=InfoNile |date=2022-09-16 |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Mu 2023, abaturage bo mu Kagari ka Kazizi batangiye kubaka ibiro bishya by’akagari. Babyubakaga mu [[Umuganda|muganda]].<ref name="muhazi">{{Cite web |url=https://muhaziyacu.rw/amakuru/kirehe-abaturage-batangiye-kwiyubakira-ibiro-byakagari/ |title=Kirehe: Abaturage batangiye kwiyubakira ibiro by’akagari |author=Joseph Nshimiyimana |website=Muhazi Yacu |date=2023-02-25 |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Kirehe}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Kirehe|Nyamugari]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Nyamugari]] 4j1ydjn9nezne58qsjzcy5euiepqza8 0 8340 148810 138987 2026-11-03T18:08:11Z Score Beethoven 11559 148810 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Fred Rwigema | birth_date = 10 Mata 1957 | birth_place = Mukiranze, [[Akarere ka Kamonyi]], [[Rwanda]] | death_date = 2 Ukwakira 1990 | death_place = Nyabwishongwezi, [[Rwanda]] | nationality = Umunyarwanda | occupation = Umusirikare, umunyapolitiki | known_for = Umuyobozi wa mbere w'urugamba rwo kubohora igihugu rwa [[Ishyaka FPR - Inkotanyi|FPR-Inkotanyi]] }} '''Fred Rwigema''' (amazina yose: Fred Gisa Rwigema; 10 Mata 1957 – 2 Ukwakira 1990) yari umusirikare n'umunyapolitiki w'Umunyarwanda. Yari Jenerali Majoro. Ni we wayoboye urugamba rwo kubohora igihugu rwatangiye ku wa 1 Ukwakira 1990. Rwigema yakuriye mu buhungiro muri [[Ubugande]]. Yabaye Minisitiri wungirije w'Ingabo muri Ubugande. Yapfuye ku munsi wa kabiri w'urugamba. Ni [[Intwari z'u Rwanda|Intwari]] yo mu cyiciro cy'Imanzi. == Ubuzima == === Ubwana n'amashuri === Fred Rwigema yavutse ku wa 10 Mata 1957. Yavukiye mu mudugudu wa Mukiranze, mu [[Akarere ka Kamonyi]]. Ababyeyi be ni Anastasie Kimonyo na Gatarina Mukandilima.<ref name="nt2014">{{Cite web |title=Rwanda’s heroes: Why we fete them |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/103295/National/rwandaas-heroes-why-we-fete-them/amp |website=The New Times |date=2014-02-01 |language=en |access-date=2026-11-03}}</ref> Mu myaka ya 1960, Rwigema n'umuryango we bahungiye muri Ubugande. Bahunze nyuma y'ubwicanyi bwo mu 1959 bwakorewe Abatutsi. Batuye mu nkambi y'impunzi ya Nshungerezi.<ref name="nt2014" /><ref name="cheno">{{Cite web |title=Imanzi |url=https://www.cheno.gov.rw/1/imanzi |website=CHENO |language=en |access-date=2026-11-03}}</ref> === Umwuga === [[File:Nyabwishongwezi Liberation History Trail.jpg|thumb|left|Nyabwishongwezi, ahantu Fred Rwigema yaguye]] Mu 1974, Rwigema yagiye muri [[Tanzaniya]]. Yinjiye mu mutwe wa FRONASA wayoborwaga na [[Yoweri Museveni]]. Mu 1976, yagiye muri [[Mozambike]]. Yinjiye mu barwanyi ba FRELIMO.<ref name="nt2014" /> Mu 1981, Rwigema yari umwe mu basirikare 27 batangije urugamba rwo kurwanya ubutegetsi bwa Milton Obote muri Ubugande. Muri bo harimo na [[Paul Kagame]].<ref name="nt2022">{{Cite web |title=Know your national heroes |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/know-your-national-heroes |website=The New Times |author=Patrick Nzabonimpa |date=2022-02-01 |language=en |access-date=2026-11-03}}</ref> Mu 1986, ingabo za NRA zafashe ubutegetsi. Rwigema yabaye umuyobozi wungirije w'ingabo za Ubugande.<ref name="cheno" /> Muri Gashyantare 1988, yabaye Minisitiri wungirije w'Ingabo wa Ubugande.<ref name="cheno" /> Ku wa 20 Kamena 1987, Rwigema yashyingiranwe na Janet Urujeni. Babyaranye abana babiri, Junior Gisa na Teta Gisa.<ref name="nt2022" /> Ku wa 1 Ukwakira 1990, Rwigema yayoboye abasirikare b'Abanyarwanda bari bavuye mu ngabo za Ubugande. Batangije urugamba rwo kubohora u Rwanda.<ref name="cheno" /> Ku wa 2 Ukwakira 1990, Rwigema yarashwe ku murongo w'imbere. Yaguye ku musozi wa Nyabwishongwezi, mu Mutara.<ref name="nt2022" /> Yashyinguwe mu Gicumbi cy'Intwari i Remera, mu [[Kigali]].<ref name="monitor">{{Cite web |title=Death of Maj Gen Rwigyema |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/special-reports/death-of-maj-gen-rwigyema-1554706 |website=Daily Monitor |language=en |access-date=2026-11-03}}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:File:Ubuzima bwIntwari yImanzi Maj Gen Fred Gisa Rwigema.ogg|Ubuzima bw'Intwari y'Imanzi Maj Gen Fred Gisa Rwigema]] (ijwi) kuri Wikimedia Commons {{Palette Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda|state=uncollapsed}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Rwigema, Fred}} [[Ikiciro:Abanyarwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abagabo]] [[Ikiciro:Abanyapolitiki]] oq7reql3ympunwc1pd6hjvtqtisw5ms 0 8341 148560 143669 2026-11-03T13:02:13Z Score Beethoven 11559 148560 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Akarere ka Kirehe''' ni kamwe mu turere turindwi tugize [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Gaherereye mu majyepfo y'iburasirazuba bw'u Rwanda. Gafite ubuso bwa 1 118,5 km² n'abaturage 460 860. Kagizwe n'imirenge 12. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → Uturere → [[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Imirenge]] → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Ubuso n'imbibi == Akarere ka Kirehe kari ku birometero 133 uvuye mu [[Umujyi wa Kigali]]. Ibiro by'akarere biri mu Murenge wa Kirehe, mu Kagari ka Nyabikokora. Umugezi w'Akagera ni wo mupaka w'akarere na [[Tanzaniya]] mu burasirazuba. Mu majyepfo, akarere gahana imbibi n'[[Uburundi]] na Tanzaniya. Mu burengerazuba hari [[Akarere ka Ngoma]]. Mu majyaruguru hari [[Akarere ka Kayonza]]. Akarere kagizwe n'[[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|imirenge]] 12, [[akagari|utugari]] 60 n'[[imidugudu]] 612. Gafite ubuso bwa 1 118,5 km² n'abaturage 460 860.<ref name="menya">{{Cite web |url=https://www.kirehe.gov.rw/about/senior-management-1 |title=Menya Akarere |website=kirehe.gov.rw |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-21}}</ref> == Imirenge == Akarere ka Kirehe kagizwe n'imirenge 12:<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.kirehe.gov.rw/akarere/njyanama-1-1 |title=Imirenge n'Utugari |website=kirehe.gov.rw |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-21}}</ref> {{div col|colwidth=15em}} # Gahara # Gatore # Kigarama # Kigina # Kirehe # Mahama # Mpanga # Musaza # Mushikiri # Nasho # [[Umurenge wa Nyamugari|Nyamugari]] # Nyarubuye {{div col end}} == Ubukungu n'ubukerarugendo == [[File:RusumoFalls2.jpg|thumb|left|Umugezi w'Akagera i Rusumo]] Ubukungu bw'akarere bushingiye ahanini ku buhinzi n'ubworozi. Mu Murenge wa Mushikiri, abahinzi b'ibitoki bagurisha toni zisaga 200 z'ibitoki buri kwezi. Muri 2025, abafatanyabikorwa b'akarere batanze miliyari 6 z'amafaranga y'u Rwanda mu ngengo y'imari ya 2024/2025.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/abafatanyabikorwa-b-akarere-ka-kirehe-batanze-miliyari-6-frw-mu-ngengo-y-imari |title=Abafatanyabikorwa b'Akarere ka Kirehe batanze miliyari 6 Frw mu ngengo y'imari ya 2024/2025 |website=IGIHE |date=2025-05-21 |language=rw}}</ref> Akarere ka Kirehe gafite umupaka mpuzamahanga wa Rusumo. Uyu mupaka uhuza u Rwanda na Tanzaniya. Mu karere hari amahoteli arimo East Gate Hotel na Matunda Resort Beach Hotel.<ref name="menya"/> [[Isumo rya Rusumo]] riri ku mupaka w'u Rwanda na Tanzaniya, mu mirenge ya Kigarama na Nyamugari.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.kirehe.gov.rw/default-7a9e1f5473 |title=Menya Akarere |website=kirehe.gov.rw |language=rw |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321211229/https://www.kirehe.gov.rw/default-7a9e1f5473 |archive-date=2023-03-21 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Kirehe District|Amafoto y'Akarere ka Kirehe]] kuri Wikimedia Commons {{Palette Intara n'Uturere by'u Rwanda}} {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Kirehe}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Kirehe]] [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Kirehe| ]] t7prath2vibi4a0opohlbazyaa7e9dh 0 8366 148680 143853 2026-11-03T13:07:22Z Score Beethoven 11559 148680 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox umurenge}} '''Umurenge wa Nyakabanda''' ni umwe mu [[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|mirenge]] 10 igize [[Akarere ka Nyarugenge]], mu [[Kigali|Mujyi wa Kigali]], mu [[Rwanda]]. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, Umurenge wa Nyakabanda wari utuwe n’abaturage 29 580. Ugizwe n’utugari 4. Abaturage bawo bose batuye mu mujyi. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → [[Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Uturere]] → Imirenge → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Utugari == [[Dosiye:Rwanda, Nyarugenge District.png|thumb|left|Ikarita y’Akarere ka Nyarugenge]] Umurenge wa Nyakabanda ni umwe mu mirenge 10 y’Akarere ka Nyarugenge. Ugizwe n’[[Akagari|utugari]] 4:<ref name="utugari">{{Cite web |url=https://www.nyarugenge.gov.rw/akarere/imirenge-nutugali |title=Imirenge n'Utugari |website=Akarere ka Nyarugenge |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> {{div col|colwidth=15em}} * Munanira I * Munanira II * Nyakabanda I * Nyakabanda II {{div col end}} == Abaturage == Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2012, Umurenge wa Nyakabanda wari utuwe n’abaturage 25 666. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, wari utuwe n’abaturage 29 580. Abagabo bari 14 752. Abagore bari 14 828. Abaturage bose bari batuye mu mujyi.<ref name="citypop">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/nyarugenge/1107__nyakabanda/ |title=Nyakabanda (Sector, Rwanda) – Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Nyakabanda Sector|Amafoto y’Umurenge wa Nyakabanda]] kuri Wikimedia Commons {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Nyarugenge}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Nyarugenge|Nyakabanda]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Nyakabanda]] 6lnzn1lgx15cikl6z9rx359ry3qcxt2 0 8380 148523 143660 2026-11-03T12:50:18Z Score Beethoven 11559 148523 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Akarere ka Gasabo''' ni kamwe mu turere dutatu tugize [[Kigali|Umujyi wa Kigali]], mu [[Rwanda]]. Gafite ubuso bwa 430,3 km² n'abaturage 879 505. Kagizwe n'imirenge 15. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|100px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → Uturere → [[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Imirenge]] → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Ubuso n'imbibi == [[File:Cossypha heuglini in Rwanda 582504595.jpg|thumb|left|Inyoni (''Cossypha heuglini'') mu Karere ka Gasabo]] Akarere ka Gasabo gaherereye mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba bw'Umujyi wa Kigali. Mu majyepfo, gahana imbibi n'[[Akarere ka Kicukiro]]. Mu majyaruguru hari [[Akarere ka Gicumbi]]. Mu burasirazuba hari [[Akarere ka Rwamagana]]. Mu burengerazuba hari [[Akarere ka Nyarugenge]].<ref name="menya">{{Cite web |url=https://www.gasabo.gov.rw/about/menya-akarere |title=Menya Akarere |website=gasabo.gov.rw |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-22}}</ref> Icyicaro cy'akarere kiri mu Murenge wa Remera, mu Kagari ka Nyarutarama. Akarere kagizwe n'[[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|imirenge]] 15, [[akagari|utugari]] 73 n'[[imidugudu]] 485. Gafite ubuso bwa 430,3 km².<ref name="menya"/> Muri 2022, kari gatuwe n'abaturage 879 505.<ref name="citypop">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/12__gasabo/ |title=Gasabo (District, Rwanda) – Sectors |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-22}}</ref> == Imirenge == Akarere ka Gasabo kagizwe n'imirenge 15:<ref name="menya"/> {{div col|colwidth=15em}} # [[Umurenge wa Bumbogo|Bumbogo]] # [[Umurenge wa Gatsata|Gatsata]] # [[Umurenge wa Gikomero|Gikomero]] # [[Gisozi]] # [[Umurenge wa Jabana|Jabana]] # [[Umurenge wa Jali|Jali]] # [[Umurenge wa Kacyiru|Kacyiru]] # [[Kimihurura]] # [[Umurenge wa Kimironko|Kimironko]] # Kinyinya # [[Umurenge wa Ndera|Ndera]] # Nduba # Remera # Rusororo # [[Umurenge wa Rutunga|Rutunga]] {{div col end}} == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Gasabo District|Amafoto y'Akarere ka Gasabo]] kuri Wikimedia Commons {{Palette Intara n'Uturere by'u Rwanda}} {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Gasabo}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Gasabo]] [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Gasabo| ]] 69glzn7tx5ofcto2gzsxpqn0p3qqvfs 148547 148523 2026-11-03T13:01:36Z Score Beethoven 11559 148547 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Akarere ka Gasabo''' ni kamwe mu turere dutatu tugize [[Kigali|Umujyi wa Kigali]], mu [[Rwanda]]. Gafite ubuso bwa 430,3 km² n'abaturage 879 505. Kagizwe n'imirenge 15. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → Uturere → [[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Imirenge]] → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Ubuso n'imbibi == [[File:Cossypha heuglini in Rwanda 582504595.jpg|thumb|left|Inyoni (''Cossypha heuglini'') mu Karere ka Gasabo]] Akarere ka Gasabo gaherereye mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba bw'Umujyi wa Kigali. Mu majyepfo, gahana imbibi n'[[Akarere ka Kicukiro]]. Mu majyaruguru hari [[Akarere ka Gicumbi]]. Mu burasirazuba hari [[Akarere ka Rwamagana]]. Mu burengerazuba hari [[Akarere ka Nyarugenge]].<ref name="menya">{{Cite web |url=https://www.gasabo.gov.rw/about/menya-akarere |title=Menya Akarere |website=gasabo.gov.rw |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-22}}</ref> Icyicaro cy'akarere kiri mu Murenge wa Remera, mu Kagari ka Nyarutarama. Akarere kagizwe n'[[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|imirenge]] 15, [[akagari|utugari]] 73 n'[[imidugudu]] 485. Gafite ubuso bwa 430,3 km².<ref name="menya"/> Muri 2022, kari gatuwe n'abaturage 879 505.<ref name="citypop">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/12__gasabo/ |title=Gasabo (District, Rwanda) – Sectors |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-22}}</ref> == Imirenge == Akarere ka Gasabo kagizwe n'imirenge 15:<ref name="menya"/> {{div col|colwidth=15em}} # [[Umurenge wa Bumbogo|Bumbogo]] # [[Umurenge wa Gatsata|Gatsata]] # [[Umurenge wa Gikomero|Gikomero]] # [[Gisozi]] # [[Umurenge wa Jabana|Jabana]] # [[Umurenge wa Jali|Jali]] # [[Umurenge wa Kacyiru|Kacyiru]] # [[Kimihurura]] # [[Umurenge wa Kimironko|Kimironko]] # Kinyinya # [[Umurenge wa Ndera|Ndera]] # Nduba # Remera # Rusororo # [[Umurenge wa Rutunga|Rutunga]] {{div col end}} == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Gasabo District|Amafoto y'Akarere ka Gasabo]] kuri Wikimedia Commons {{Palette Intara n'Uturere by'u Rwanda}} {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Gasabo}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Gasabo]] [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Gasabo| ]] nkd7sithx7fpkwg6cz596pv89e0gqb0 0 8387 148548 143657 2026-11-03T13:01:43Z Score Beethoven 11559 148548 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Akarere ka Bugesera''' ni kamwe mu turere turindwi tugize [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Gaherereye mu majyepfo y'iburasirazuba bw'u Rwanda. Gahana imbibi n'[[Uburundi]]. Akarere ka Bugesera gafite ubuso bwa 1 337 km² n'abaturage 551 103. Kagizwe n'imirenge 15. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → Uturere → [[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Imirenge]] → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Ubuso n'imbibi == Akarere ka Bugesera gahana imbibi n'Uburundi. Gahana kandi imbibi n'uturere twa [[Akarere ka Ngoma|Ngoma]], [[Akarere ka Rwamagana|Rwamagana]], [[Akarere ka Kicukiro|Kicukiro]], [[Akarere ka Nyarugenge|Nyarugenge]], [[Akarere ka Kamonyi|Kamonyi]], [[Akarere ka Ruhango|Ruhango]] na [[Akarere ka Nyanza|Nyanza]]. Akarere kagizwe n'[[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|imirenge]] 15, [[akagari|utugari]] 72 n'[[imidugudu]] 581. Gafite ubuso bwa 1 337 km². Muri 2022, gafite abaturage 551 103.<ref name="menya">{{Cite web |url=https://www.bugesera.gov.rw/akarere/menya-akarere |title=Menya Akarere |website=bugesera.gov.rw |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-21}}</ref> == Imirenge == Akarere ka Bugesera kagizwe n'imirenge 15:<ref name="menya"/> {{div col|colwidth=15em}} # [[Gashora]] # [[Umurenge wa Juru|Juru]] # [[Umurenge wa Kamabuye|Kamabuye]] # Mareba # [[Umurenge wa Mayange|Mayange]] # Musenyi # Mwogo # Ngeruka # [[Umurenge wa Ntarama|Ntarama]] # Nyamata # [[Umurenge wa Nyarugenge|Nyarugenge]] # Rilima # Ruhuha # Rweru # Shyara {{div col end}} Buri kagari kayoborwa n'Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa. Afatanya n'ushinzwe imibereho myiza n'iterambere (SEDO). Akagari ni rwo rwego rwegereye abaturage.<ref name="bugesera">{{Cite web |url=https://www.bugesera.gov.rw/default-05333b7a14 |title=Menya Akarere ka Bugesera |website=bugesera.gov.rw |language=rw |access-date=2024-05-22 |archive-date=2024-05-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240502214410/https://www.bugesera.gov.rw/default-05333b7a14 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Kwibuka == [[File:Nyamata Genocide memorial.jpg|thumb|left|Urwibutso rwa Nyamata]] [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyamata]] ruri mu Karere ka Bugesera. Ruruhukiyemo imibiri y'abasaga 45 000. Bishwe muri Nyamata no mu nkengero zayo muri [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]] mu 1994.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.kigalitoday.com/kwibuka/article/bugesera-urubyiruko-rwasuye-urwibutso-rwa-jenoside-rwa-nyamata |title=Bugesera: Urubyiruko rwasuye urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyamata |website=Kigali Today |date=2024-05-18 |language=rw}}</ref> == Ubukungu n'ibikorwa remezo == Akarere ka Bugesera kari mu birometero 15 uvuye mu Mujyi wa [[Kigali]].<ref name="bugesera"/> [[Ikibuga muzamahanga cy'indege cya Bugesera]] kiri kubakwa mu Murenge wa Rilima.<ref name="bugesera"/> Muri 2019, sosiyete [[Qatar Airways]] yemeye gufata imigabane 60 % y'iki kibuga.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/economy/2019/12/10/qatar-airways-to-take-60-stake-in-rwanda-international-airport/ |title=Qatar Airways to take 60% stake in Rwanda international airport |website=Al Jazeera |date=2019-12-10 |language=en}}</ref> Mu Murenge wa [[Gashora]] hari inganda nyinshi. Muri zo harimo Imana Steel Rwanda, uruganda rukora ibyuma by'ubwubatsi. Mu [[Umurenge wa Ntarama|Murenge wa Ntarama]] hari uruganda rukora amasabune n'impapuro z'isuku.<ref name="bugesera"/> === Amazi n'amashanyarazi === Muri Mutarama 2025, mu [[Umurenge wa Nyarugenge|Murenge wa Nyarugenge]] hatashywe ibikorwa remezo by'amazi. Byatwaye miliyoni 750 z'amafaranga y'u Rwanda. Harimo umuyoboro w'amazi wa kilometero 28,2. Uwo muyoboro uha amazi abaturage basaga 11 400. Hubatswe kandi ibigega 2 n'amavomo 27. Amavomo 7 yari yarangiritse yarasanwe.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://imvahonshya.co.rw/bugesera-huzuye-ibikorwa-remezo-byisuku-nisukura-bya-miliyoni-750-frw/ |title=Bugesera: Huzuye ibikorwa remezo by'isuku n'isukura bya miliyoni 750 Frw |website=Imvaho Nshya |date=2025-02-01 |language=rw}}</ref> Mu Murenge wa Musenyi, ingo 292 zahawe umuriro w'amashanyarazi. Akarere kateganyaga ko abaturage bose bazaba bafite amashanyarazi mu 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bugesera.gov.rw/soma-ibindi/ingo-292-zabonye-umuriro-wamashrazi-muri-musenyi |title=Ingo 292 zabonye umuriro w'amashanyarazi muri Musenyi |website=bugesera.gov.rw |language=rw |access-date=2025-04-01 |archive-date=2026-01-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260118044913/https://www.bugesera.gov.rw/soma-ibindi/ingo-292-zabonye-umuriro-wamashrazi-muri-musenyi |url-status=dead}}</ref> === Imihanda n'amasoko === Muri Kanama 2024, hatangijwe imirimo yo gushyira kaburimbo ku mihanda 7 yo mu mujyi wa [[Nyamata]]. Iyo mihanda ifite uburebure bwa kilometero 2,1. Imirimo yari iteganyijwe kumara amezi 8.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/nyamata-mu-mezi-umunani-imihanda-itandukanye-izaba-irimo-kaburimbo |title=Nyamata: Mu mezi umunani imihanda itandukanye izaba irimo kaburimbo |website=Kigali Today |date=2024-08-19 |language=rw}}</ref> Akarere gafite amasoko menshi. Muri yo harimo isoko rya Nyamata, irya Ntarama, irya Musenyi n'irya Rilima. === Ubuhinzi n'ubworozi === Abaturage benshi b'Akarere ka Bugesera batunzwe n'ubuhinzi. Bahinga cyane cyane ibihingwa ngandurarugo. Muri byo harimo ibirayi, ibigori, [[soya]], [[ibijumba]], imyumbati, amateke, intoryi n'ingano. Bahinga kandi umuceri n'[[ikawa]]. Abahinzi bahura n'imbogamizi nyinshi. Muri zo harimo imihindagurikire y'ikirere, ubutaka busharira no kubura imbuto. Aborozi borora inka, inkoko, intama, [[ihene]] n'imbata. Bahura n'imbogamizi zirimo kubura ubwatsi, kubura amazi, ibirondwe n'indwara. Mu Murenge wa Mayange hari umushinga wa ABUSOL wo korora inkoko zitanga amagi. Muri 2021, wari ufite inkoko zisaga 80 000.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bugesera.gov.rw/soma-ibindi/minisitiri-wubuhinzi-niterambere-ryicyaro-muri-repubulika-ya-centre-afrika-yasuye-bugesera |title=Minisitiri w'Ubuhinzi n'Iterambere ry'Icyaro muri Repubulika ya Centre Afrika yasuye Bugesera |website=bugesera.gov.rw |language=rw |access-date=2025-04-01 |archive-date=2026-01-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260117214649/https://www.bugesera.gov.rw/soma-ibindi/minisitiri-wubuhinzi-niterambere-ryicyaro-muri-repubulika-ya-centre-afrika-yasuye-bugesera |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Uburezi n'ubuzima == Mu myaka 30 ishize, Akarere ka Bugesera kari gafite amashuri yisumbuye 2 gusa. Muri 2024, kari gafite amashuri yisumbuye 71. Icyo gihe, umuyobozi w'akarere yari Richard Mutabazi.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.kigalitoday.com/uburezi/amashuri/article/bugesera-bishimira-ko-bageze-ku-mashuri-yisumbuye-71-bavuye-kuri-abiri |title=Bugesera: Bishimira ko bageze ku mashuri yisumbuye 71 bavuye kuri abiri |website=Kigali Today |date=2024-01-12 |language=rw}}</ref> Amashuri yigisha imyuga arimo Nelson Mandela TSS na Ruhuha VTC.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nesa.gov.rw/index.php?eID=dumpFile&t=f&f=107855&token=d5b9029cec31aec755594cf2471c1c32a2424bd8 |title=List of accredited schools in Bugesera District for the school year 2024-2025 |website=NESA |language=en}}</ref> Ibitaro bya Nyamata bitanga serivisi z'ubuzima ku baturage 434 668 bo mu Karere ka Bugesera n'uturere duturanye. Bigenzura ibigo nderabuzima 15.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://nyamatahospital.prod.risa.rw/about-us/nyamata-dh |title=Nyamata District Hospital |website=nyamatahospital.prod.risa.rw |language=en}}</ref> == Imikino == [[Bugesera Fc|Bugesera FC]] ni ikipe y'umupira w'amaguru y'Akarere ka Bugesera. == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Bugesera District|Amafoto y'Akarere ka Bugesera]] kuri Wikimedia Commons {{Palette Intara n'Uturere by'u Rwanda}} {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Bugesera}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Bugesera]] [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Bugesera| ]] b67wz51e25toi5d8dkkkdyglhntg40g 0 8388 148602 143706 2026-11-03T13:04:11Z Score Beethoven 11559 148602 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox umurenge}} '''Umurenge wa Gatsibo''' ni umwe mu mirenge 14 igize [[Akarere ka Gatsibo]], mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba|Ntara y'Iburasirazuba]], mu [[Rwanda]]. Ugizwe n'utugari 4. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, Umurenge wa Gatsibo wari utuwe n'abaturage 40 940. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → [[Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Uturere]] → Imirenge → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Utugari == [[Dosiye:Rwanda, Gatsibo District.png|thumb|left|Ikarita y'Akarere ka Gatsibo]] Umurenge wa Gatsibo ni umwe mu mirenge 14 y'Akarere ka Gatsibo. Ugizwe n'[[Akagari|utugari]] 4:<ref name="utugari">{{Cite web |url=https://www.gatsibo.gov.rw/en/updates/announcements/imirenge-nutugari |title=Imirenge n'utugari |website=gatsibo.gov.rw |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> {{div col|colwidth=15em}} * Manishya * Mugera * Nyabicwamba * Nyagahanga {{div col end}} == Abaturage == Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2012, Umurenge wa Gatsibo wari utuwe n'abaturage 36 690. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, wari utuwe n'abaturage 40 940.<ref name="citypop">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/53__gatsibo/ |title=Gatsibo (District, Rwanda) – Sectors |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Gatsibo}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Gatsibo]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Gatsibo]] ldvu80wu6o2md14njwqrzvpmduyncsy 0 8389 148558 143667 2026-11-03T13:02:06Z Score Beethoven 11559 148558 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Akarere ka Kayonza''' ni kamwe mu turere turindwi tugize [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Gafite ubuso bwa 1 935 km² n'abaturage 457 156. Kagizwe n'imirenge 12. Ni amarembo ya [[Pariki y'Akagera]]. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → Uturere → [[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Imirenge]] → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Amateka == Akarere ka Kayonza kagizwe n'icyahoze ari uturere twa Rukara, Kabarondo na Cyarubare. Kagizwe kandi n'imirenge 2 yahoze ari iy'Akarere ka Muhazi: Nyagatovu na Mukarange.<ref name="menya">{{Cite web |url=https://www.kayonza.gov.rw/akarere/menya-akarere |title=Menya Akarere |website=kayonza.gov.rw |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-21}}</ref> == Ubuso n'imbibi == Akarere ka Kayonza gahana imbibi n'[[Akarere ka Rwamagana]] mu burengerazuba n'[[Akarere ka Gatsibo]] mu majyaruguru. Gahana kandi imbibi n'uturere twa [[Akarere ka Ngoma|Ngoma]] na [[Akarere ka Kirehe|Kirehe]], n'igihugu cya [[Tanzaniya]]. Akarere kagizwe n'[[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|imirenge]] 12, [[akagari|utugari]] 50 n'[[imidugudu]] 421. Gafite ubuso bwa 1 935 km². Muri 2022, gafite abaturage 457 156, ni ukuvuga abaturage 236 kuri km². Kazwiho ahantu nyaburanga, imisozi, ibiyaga n'amashuri menshi.<ref name="menya"/> == Imirenge == Akarere ka Kayonza kagizwe n'imirenge 12:<ref name="menya"/> {{div col|colwidth=15em}} # [[Umurenge wa Gahini|Gahini]] # [[Umurenge wa Kabare|Kabare]] # [[Umurenge wa Kabarondo|Kabarondo]] # [[Umurenge wa Mukarange|Mukarange]] # [[Umurenge wa Murama|Murama]] # [[Umurenge wa Murundi|Murundi]] # [[Umurenge wa Mwiri|Mwiri]] # [[Umurenge wa Ndego|Ndego]] # [[Umurenge wa Nyamirama|Nyamirama]] # Rukara # Ruramira # [[Umurenge wa Rwinkwavu|Rwinkwavu]] {{div col end}} == Ubukerarugendo == [[File:Akagera natinal park.jpg|thumb|left|Inzira muri Pariki y'Akagera]] Akarere ka Kayonza ni amarembo ya [[Pariki y'Akagera]]. Iyi pariki iri mu Ntara y'Iburasirazuba, ku mupaka wa Tanzaniya. Ibamo intare, ingwe, inzovu, inkura n'imbogo. Muri pariki hari amacumbi arimo Ruzizi Tented Lodge, Wilderness Magashi na Karenge Bush Camp.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://visitakagera.org/ |title=Akagera National Park |website=visitakagera.org |language=en |access-date=2026-10-21}}</ref> == Ubukungu == Ubukungu bw'akarere bushingiye ku buhinzi, ubucuruzi n'ubukerarugendo. Muri Ukuboza 2020, abafashamyumvire 29 bahuguwe ku buhinzi bubungabunga ubutaka. Bahuguwe na Mennonite Central Committee (MCC) ku bufatanye na PAM. Bagomba gufasha abahinzi 2 000 bo mu karere. Mu karere hari amabanki n'ibigo by'imari birimo [[Banki ya Kigali]] na Umwalimu SACCO. Amashuri arimo GS Kabare, GS Kabarondo, EP Barebereho na ES Cyinzovu. == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Kayonza District|Amafoto y'Akarere ka Kayonza]] kuri Wikimedia Commons {{Palette Intara n'Uturere by'u Rwanda}} {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Kayonza}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Kayonza]] [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Kayonza| ]] pihayu9wqkst9eci0k20rudjfw9egxf 0 8398 148578 143686 2026-11-03T13:03:05Z Score Beethoven 11559 148578 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Akarere ka Rwamagana''' ni kamwe mu turere turindwi tugize [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Ni ko karimo icyicaro cy'Intara. Umujyi mukuru wako ni [[Rwamagana]]. Akarere ka Rwamagana gafite ubuso bwa 682 km² n'abaturage 484 953. Kagizwe n'imirenge 14. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → Uturere → [[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Imirenge]] → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Amateka == [[File:Sign_of_rwamagana.jpg|thumb|left|Icyapa cya Rwamagana]] Akarere ka Rwamagana kashyizweho n'itegeko muri Mutarama 2006.<ref name="menya"/> Kagizwe n'icyari Akarere ka Muhazi n'icyari Akarere ka Bicumbi. Kagizwe kandi n'imirenge 2 yari iya [[Akarere ka Gasabo|Gasabo]] (Fumbwe na Mununu) n'imirenge 3 yari iya Kabarondo (Kaduha, Rweru na Nkungu). Hiyongereyeho icyari Umujyi wa Rwamagana. == Ubuso n'imbibi == Akarere ka Rwamagana gahana imbibi n'uturere dukurikira: * mu majyaruguru: [[Akarere ka Gatsibo|Gatsibo]] na [[Akarere ka Gicumbi|Gicumbi]]; * mu burasirazuba: [[Akarere ka Kayonza|Kayonza]]; * mu majyepfo: [[Akarere ka Ngoma|Ngoma]] na [[Akarere ka Bugesera|Bugesera]]; * mu burengerazuba: [[Akarere ka Kicukiro|Kicukiro]] na [[Akarere ka Gasabo|Gasabo]]. Akarere kagizwe n'[[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|imirenge]] 14, utugari 82 n'[[imidugudu]] 474. Gafite ubuso bwa 682 km². Muri 2022, gafite abaturage 484 953, ni ukuvuga abaturage 711 kuri km².<ref name="menya">{{Cite web |url=https://www.rwamagana.gov.rw/default-e9d7c2d4f1 |title=Akarere ka Rwamagana |website=rwamagana.gov.rw |language=rw |access-date=2024-05-17 |archive-date=2023-12-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231218135359/https://www.rwamagana.gov.rw/default-e9d7c2d4f1 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Imirenge == Akarere ka Rwamagana kagizwe n'imirenge 14:<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.rwamagana.gov.rw/akarere/abanyamabanga-nshingwabikorwa-bimirenge |title=Imirenge n'Utugari |website=rwamagana.gov.rw |language=rw |access-date=2025-03-22 |archive-date=2023-06-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616031406/https://www.rwamagana.gov.rw/akarere/abanyamabanga-nshingwabikorwa-bimirenge |url-status=dead}}</ref> {{div col|colwidth=15em}} # Fumbwe # Gahengeri # [[Umurenge wa Gishari|Gishari]] # Karenge # [[Umurenge wa Kigabiro|Kigabiro]] # Muhazi # Munyaga # Munyiginya # [[Umurenge wa Musha|Musha]] # Muyumbu # [[Umurenge wa Mwulire|Mwulire]] # [[Umurenge wa Nyakariro|Nyakariro]] # Nzige # [[Umurenge wa Rubona|Rubona]] {{div col end}} == Ubuyobozi == Radjab Mbonyumuvunyi ni umuyobozi w'akarere kuva muri Gashyantare 2016. [[Umutoni Jeanne|Jeanne Umutoni]] ni umuyobozi w'akarere wungirije ushinzwe imibereho myiza.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.rwamagana.gov.rw/akarere/komite-nyobozi |title=Komite nyobozi |website=rwamagana.gov.rw |language=rw |access-date=2024-05-10 |archive-date=2023-08-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802225831/https://www.rwamagana.gov.rw/akarere/komite-nyobozi |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ubukungu n'ibikorwa remezo == Ubutaka bw'Akarere ka Rwamagana burera. Akarere kazwi cyane ku kwera [[igitoki|ibitoki]]. Akarere gafite ibikorwa remezo byinshi. Harimo [[IPRC Gishari]], ikigo nderabuzima cya Gishari n'ishuri rya Polisi y'u Rwanda (PTS Gishari). Harimo kandi amashuri, imihanda igezweho, amahoteri, amabanki, uruganda rutunganya amazi rwa Muhazi, Bella Flowers na gereza ya Nsinda. Isoko rya kijyambere rya Rwamagana riri mu [[Umurenge wa Kigabiro|Murenge wa Kigabiro]]. Mu Karere ka Rwamagana hari kandi ishami rya [[Banki Nkuru y'u Rwanda]] mu Ntara y'Iburasirazuba.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubukungu/ubwiteganyirize/article/rwamagana-bnr-yatashye-inyubako-y-ishami-ryayo-mu-ntara-y-iburasirazuba |title=Rwamagana: BNR yatashye inyubako y'ishami ryayo mu Ntara y'Iburasirazuba |website=Kigali Today |date=2014-09-27 |language=rw}}</ref> === Amashuri === Ibigo by'amashuri birimo GS Gishari, GS Ruhunda, GS Gati, GS Nsinda, GS Kavumu, Centre for Champion na EP Nyagahinga. === Imikino === Akarere ka Rwamagana gacumbikiye amakipe menshi y'umupira w'amaguru. Classic FC ikina mu cyiciro cya gatatu. Muhazi United FC ikina mu cyiciro cya mbere kuva muri 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ktpress.rw/2023/06/rwamagana-city-changes-name-to-muhazi-united/ |title=Rwamagana City changes name to Muhazi United |website=KT Press |date=2023-06-28 |language=en}}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Rwamagana District|Amafoto y'Akarere ka Rwamagana]] kuri Wikimedia Commons {{Palette Intara n'Uturere by'u Rwanda}} {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Rwamagana}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Rwamagana]] [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Rwamagana| ]] r4dsdwjoxt750wqeeyty048884mvinq 0 8406 148552 143662 2026-11-03T13:01:54Z Score Beethoven 11559 148552 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Akarere ka Gicumbi''' ni kamwe mu turere dutanu tugize [[Intara y’Amajyaruguru y’u Rwanda|Intara y'Amajyaruguru]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Gaherereye mu burasirazuba bw'iyi ntara. Umujyi wako mukuru ni [[Byumba]]. Gafite ubuso bwa 828,9 km² n'abaturage 448 824. Kagizwe n'imirenge 21. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → Uturere → [[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Imirenge]] → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Ubuso n'imbibi == [[File:Igishanga.jpg|thumb|left|Igishanga mu Karere ka Gicumbi]] Mu majyaruguru, Akarere ka Gicumbi gahana imbibi n'[[Akarere ka Burera]] na [[Ubugande|Uganda]]. Mu burasirazuba hari uturere twa [[Akarere ka Nyagatare|Nyagatare]] na [[Akarere ka Gatsibo|Gatsibo]]. Mu majyepfo hari [[Akarere ka Gasabo]] n'agace gato ka [[Akarere ka Rwamagana|Rwamagana]], ku nkengero z'[[Ikiyaga cya Muhazi]]. Mu burengerazuba hari [[Akarere ka Rulindo]].<ref name="menya">{{Cite web |url=https://www.gicumbi.gov.rw/akarere/menya-akarere |title=Menya Akarere |website=gicumbi.gov.rw |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-22}}</ref> Akarere kagizwe n'[[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|imirenge]] 21, [[akagari|utugari]] 109 n'[[imidugudu]] 630. Gafite ubuso bwa 828,9 km² n'abaturage 448 824. Ubucucike ni abaturage 541,5 kuri km².<ref name="menya"/> Umujyi mukuru w'akarere ni Byumba.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.mineduc.gov.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/Mineduc/SPIU_Documents/ESMP/gicumbi/GICUMBI_DISTRICT-_ESMP_FOR_CONSTRUCTION_OF_CLASSROOMS_AND_LATRINES_SUB-PROJECTS_UNDER_RWANDA_QBE-HCD_PROJECT.pdf |title=Gicumbi District – ESMP for construction of classrooms and latrines sub-projects under Rwanda QBE-HCD project |publisher=MINEDUC |language=en |access-date=2026-10-22}}</ref> == Imirenge == Akarere ka Gicumbi kagizwe n'imirenge 21:<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/45__gicumbi/ |title=Gicumbi (District, Rwanda) – Sectors |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-22}}</ref> {{div col|colwidth=15em}} # Bukure # Bwisige # [[Byumba]] # Cyumba # Giti # Kageyo # Kaniga # Manyagiro # Miyove # Mukarange # Muko # Mutete # Nyamiyaga # [[Umurenge wa Nyankenke|Nyankenke]] # Rubaya # Rukomo # Rushaki # Rutare # Ruvune # Rwamiko # Shangasha {{div col end}} == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Gicumbi District|Amafoto y'Akarere ka Gicumbi]] kuri Wikimedia Commons {{Palette Intara n'Uturere by'u Rwanda}} {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Gicumbi}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Gicumbi]] [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Gicumbi| ]] ofvb2y0qpmzrkp46mmukhq6mrkt7bbb 0 8407 148559 143668 2026-11-03T13:02:09Z Score Beethoven 11559 148559 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Akarere ka Kicukiro''' ni kamwe mu turere dutatu tugize [[Kigali|Umujyi wa Kigali]], mu [[Rwanda]]. Gafite ubuso bwa 166,7 km² n'abaturage 491 731. Kagizwe n'imirenge 10. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → Uturere → [[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Imirenge]] → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Ubuso n'imbibi == [[File:Nyanza-KicukiroMemorialGarden03.jpg|thumb|left|Ubusitani bw'[[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyanza-Kicukiro]]]] Akarere ka Kicukiro gaherereye mu burasirazuba bw'amajyepfo bw'Umujyi wa Kigali. Mu majyepfo, gahana imbibi n'[[Akarere ka Bugesera]]. Mu majyaruguru hari [[Akarere ka Gasabo]]. Mu burasirazuba hari [[Akarere ka Rwamagana]]. Mu burengerazuba hari [[Akarere ka Nyarugenge]]. Icyicaro cy'akarere kiri mu Murenge wa Kagarama, mu Kagari ka Rukatsa.<ref name="menya">{{Cite web |url=https://www.kicukiro.gov.rw/akarere/menya-akarere |title=Menya Kicukiro |website=kicukiro.gov.rw |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-22}}</ref> Akarere ka Kicukiro gafite ubuso bwa 166,7 km². Muri 2022, kari gatuwe n'abaturage 491 731.<ref name="citypop">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/13__kicukiro/ |title=Kicukiro (District, Rwanda) – Sectors |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-22}}</ref> == Ubukerarugendo == Mu Karere ka Kicukiro hari Ikibuga Mpuzamahanga cy'Indege cya Kigali, amahoteli n'ubusitani bwakira ibirori. Mu Murenge wa Gatenga hari Kigali Cultural Village, igicumbi cy'umuco. Mu Murenge wa Gahanga hari ikibuga mpuzamahanga cy'umukino wa Cricket.<ref name="menya"/> == Imirenge == Akarere ka Kicukiro kagizwe n'imirenge 10:<ref name="citypop"/> {{div col|colwidth=15em}} # Gahanga # [[Umurenge wa Gatenga|Gatenga]] # Gikondo # Kagarama # Kanombe # Kicukiro # Kigarama # Masaka # [[Umurenge wa Niboye|Niboye]] # [[Umurenge wa Nyarugunga|Nyarugunga]] {{div col end}} == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Kicukiro District|Amafoto y'Akarere ka Kicukiro]] kuri Wikimedia Commons {{Palette Intara n'Uturere by'u Rwanda}} {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Kicukiro}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Kicukiro]] [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Kicukiro| ]] 3ijr35h96q3vrvgynafyftamta7a6c4 0 8408 148571 143679 2026-11-03T13:02:42Z Score Beethoven 11559 148571 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Akarere ka Nyarugenge''' ni kamwe mu turere dutatu tugize [[Kigali|Umujyi wa Kigali]], mu [[Rwanda]]. Gafite ubuso bwa 134 km² n'abaturage 374 319. Kagizwe n'imirenge 10. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → Uturere → [[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Imirenge]] → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Ubuso n'abaturage == [[File:Nyabarongo River and its surrounding mountain in Rwanda taken at top of Karama (cropped).jpg|thumb|left|upright=1.6|[[Nyabarongo]] n'imisozi iyikikije, birebewe i Karama]] Akarere ka Nyarugenge gafite ubuso bwa 134 km². Muri 2022, kari gatuwe n'abaturage 374 319. Muri bo, abagabo ni 195 780, abagore ni 178 539.<ref name="menya">{{Cite web |url=https://www.nyarugenge.gov.rw/akarere/menya-akarere |title=Menya Akarere |website=nyarugenge.gov.rw |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-22}}</ref> Abaturage 315 899 babaga mu mujyi.<ref name="citypop">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/11__nyarugenge/ |title=Nyarugenge (District, Rwanda) – Sectors |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-22}}</ref> Icyicaro cy'akarere kiri mu Murenge wa Nyarugenge, mu Kagari ka Kiyovu, mu Mudugudu wa Nyarurembo.<ref name="menya"/> == Imirenge == Akarere ka Nyarugenge kagizwe n'imirenge 10, utugari 47 n'imidugudu 350:<ref name="menya"/><ref name="citypop"/> {{div col|colwidth=15em}} # [[Umurenge wa Gitega|Gitega]] # [[Umurenge wa Kanyinya|Kanyinya]] # [[Umurenge wa Kigali|Kigali]] # [[Umurenge wa Kimisagara|Kimisagara]] # [[Umurenge wa Mageragere|Mageragere]] # [[Umurenge wa Muhima|Muhima]] # [[Umurenge wa Nyakabanda|Nyakabanda]] # [[Umurenge wa Nyamirambo|Nyamirambo]] # [[Umurenge wa Nyarugenge|Nyarugenge]] # [[Umurenge wa Rwezamenyo|Rwezamenyo]] {{div col end}} == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Nyarugenge District|Amafoto y'Akarere ka Nyarugenge]] kuri Wikimedia Commons {{Palette Intara n'Uturere by'u Rwanda}} {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Nyarugenge}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Nyarugenge]] [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Nyarugenge| ]] [[Ikiciro:Umujyi wa Kigali]] nkdl35pt6i44kqkr9y62czk8l5nszjw 0 8409 148562 143671 2026-11-03T13:02:18Z Score Beethoven 11559 148562 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Akarere ka Musanze''' ni kamwe mu turere dutanu tugize [[Intara y’Amajyaruguru y’u Rwanda|Intara y'Amajyaruguru]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Gafite ubuso bwa 530,2 km² n'abaturage 476 522. Kagizwe n'imirenge 15. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → Uturere → [[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Imirenge]] → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Amateka == Akarere ka Musanze kashyizweho n'Itegeko No 29/2005 ryo ku wa 23 Ukuboza 2005. Gakomoka ku cyahoze ari Umujyi wa Ruhengeri, Akarere ka Mutobo n'Akarere ka Kinigi. Kagizwe kandi n'imirenge 14 y'icyahoze ari Akarere ka Bugarura n'imirenge 3 y'icyahoze ari Akarere ka Bukamba.<ref name="menya">{{Cite web |url=https://www.musanze.gov.rw/akarere/menya-akarere |title=Menya Akarere |website=musanze.gov.rw |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-22}}</ref> == Ubuso n'abaturage == [[File:Sabyinyo Volcano, Kinigi sector, Musanze district, Rwanda.jpg|thumb|left|Ikirunga cya Sabyinyo, kigaragara mu Murenge wa Kinigi]] Akarere ka Musanze gafite ubuso bwa 530,2 km². Muri ubwo buso harimo km² 60 za [[Pariki y’Igihugu y’Ibirunga]] na km² 28 z'[[Ikiyaga cya Ruhondo]]. Akarere kagizwe n'[[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|imirenge]] 15, [[akagari|utugari]] 68 n'[[imidugudu]] 432.<ref name="igihe">{{Cite web |url=https://igihe.com/ubukerarugendo/article/iwabo-w-ingagi-ku-gicumbi-cy-ubukerarugendo-musanze-iri-kugirwa-nshya-amafoto |title=Iwabo w'ingagi, ku gicumbi cy'ubukerarugendo! Musanze iri kugirwa nshya (Amafoto) |website=IGIHE |date=2023-08-27 |language=rw}}</ref> Muri 2022, Akarere ka Musanze kari gatuwe n'abaturage 476 522.<ref name="citypop">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/43__musanze/ |title=Musanze (District, Rwanda) – Sectors |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-22}}</ref> == Imirenge == Akarere ka Musanze kagizwe n'imirenge 15:<ref name="menya"/> {{div col|colwidth=15em}} # Busogo # Cyuve # Gacaca # Gashaki # Gataraga # Kimonyi # Kinigi # [[Umurenge wa Muhoza|Muhoza]] # Muko # [[Umurenge wa Musanze|Musanze]] # Nkotsi # Nyange # Remera # Rwaza # Shingiro {{div col end}} == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Musanze District|Amafoto y'Akarere ka Musanze]] kuri Wikimedia Commons {{Palette Intara n'Uturere by'u Rwanda}} {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Musanze}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Musanze]] [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Musanze| ]] q01fu9jm27utb1ab6vmj1xbxlnsyj8g 0 8411 148568 143676 2026-11-03T13:02:33Z Score Beethoven 11559 148568 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Akarere ka Nyamagabe''' ni kamwe mu turere umunani tugize [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Intara y'Amajyepfo]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Gafite ubuso bwa 1 090 km² n'abaturage 371 501. Kagizwe n'imirenge 17. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → Uturere → [[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Imirenge]] → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Ubuso n'abaturage == [[File:The Baby and The Puppy.jpg|thumb|left|Umwana n'imbwa ye, mu nzira ijya muri [[Pariki ya Nyungwe]]]] Akarere ka Nyamagabe kagizwe n'[[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|imirenge]] 17, [[akagari|utugari]] 92 n'[[imidugudu]] 536. Gafite ubuso bwa 1 090 km². Gatuwe n'abaturage 371 501. Ibiro by'akarere biri mu Murenge wa Gasaka, mu Kagari ka Nyamugari, mu Mudugudu wa Nyarusange.<ref name="menya">{{Cite web |url=https://www.nyamagabe.gov.rw/akarere/menya-akarere |title=Menya Akarere |website=nyamagabe.gov.rw |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-22}}</ref> == Imirenge == Akarere ka Nyamagabe kagizwe n'imirenge 17:<ref name="menya"/> {{div col|colwidth=15em}} # Buruhukiro # Cyanika # [[Umurenge wa Gasaka|Gasaka]] # Gatare # Kaduha # [[Umurenge wa Kamegeli|Kamegeli]] # Kibirizi # Kibumbwe # Kitabi # Mbazi # Mugano # [[Umurenge wa Musange|Musange]] # Musebeya # Mushubi # Nkomane # Tare # Uwinkingi {{div col end}} == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Nyamagabe District|Amafoto y'Akarere ka Nyamagabe]] kuri Wikimedia Commons {{Palette Intara n'Uturere by'u Rwanda}} {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Nyamagabe}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Nyamagabe]] [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Nyamagabe| ]] 67y21qskcv1o1xmu2zrzdstne8jr351 0 8412 148572 143949 2026-11-03T13:02:46Z Score Beethoven 11559 148572 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Akarere ka Nyaruguru''' ni kamwe mu turere umunani tugize [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Intara y'Amajyepfo]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Gahana imbibi n'[[Uburundi]]. Gafite ubuso bwa 1 010 km² n'abaturage 318 126. Kagizwe n'imirenge 14. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → Uturere → [[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Imirenge]] → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Ubuso n'imbibi == [[File:Kibeho Forest at Nyaruguru District.jpg|thumb|left|Ishyamba mu Karere ka Nyaruguru]] Akarere ka Nyaruguru gahana imbibi n'uturere twa [[Akarere ka Nyamagabe|Nyamagabe]], [[Akarere ka Huye|Huye]] na [[Akarere ka Gisagara|Gisagara]]. Gahana kandi imbibi n'Uburundi na [[Pariki ya Nyungwe]].<ref name="menya">{{Cite web |url=https://www.nyaruguru.gov.rw/akarere/menya-akarere |title=Menya Akarere |website=nyaruguru.gov.rw |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-22}}</ref> Akarere kagizwe n'[[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|imirenge]] 14, [[akagari|utugari]] 72 n'[[imidugudu]] 332. Gafite ubuso bwa 1 010 km² n'abaturage 318 126.<ref name="menya"/> == Ubukungu n'ubukerarugendo == Akarere ka Nyaruguru kazwi ku bukerarugendo bushingiye ku iyobokamana. Ubuhinzi bw'[[icyayi]] ni bwo shingiro ry'ubukungu bw'akarere.<ref name="menya"/> I [[Umurenge wa Kibeho|Kibeho]] ni ho habaye amabonekerwa ya Bikira Mariya.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.kibeho-cana.org/a-brief-history-of-the-apparitions-of-our-lady-of-kibeho |title=A brief history of the apparitions of Our Lady of Kibeho |website=kibeho-cana.org |language=en |access-date=2026-10-22}}</ref> == Imirenge == Akarere ka Nyaruguru kagizwe n'imirenge 14:<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/23__nyaruguru/ |title=Nyaruguru (District, Rwanda) – Sectors |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-22}}</ref> {{div col|colwidth=15em}} # [[Umurenge wa Busanze|Busanze]] # [[Umurenge wa Cyahinda|Cyahinda]] # [[Umurenge wa Kibeho|Kibeho]] # [[Umurenge wa Kivu|Kivu]] # [[Umurenge wa Mata|Mata]] # [[Umurenge wa Muganza|Muganza]] # [[Umurenge wa Munini|Munini]] # [[Umurenge wa Ngera|Ngera]] # [[Umurenge wa Ngoma|Ngoma]] # [[Umurenge wa Nyabimata|Nyabimata]] # [[Umurenge wa Nyagisozi|Nyagisozi]] # [[Umurenge wa Ruheru|Ruheru]] # [[Umurenge wa Ruramba|Ruramba]] # [[Umurenge wa Rusenge|Rusenge]] {{div col end}} == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Nyaruguru District|Amafoto y'Akarere ka Nyaruguru]] kuri Wikimedia Commons {{Palette Intara n'Uturere by'u Rwanda}} {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Nyaruguru}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Nyaruguru]] [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Nyaruguru| ]] 7ags0e8gp9g7jwbw3ampmppnt1wzutj 0 8413 148564 143673 2026-11-03T13:02:25Z Score Beethoven 11559 148564 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Akarere ka Ngororero''' ni kamwe mu turere turindwi tugize [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Kagizwe n'imisozi miremire n'ibibaya. Gafite ubuso bwa 679 km² n'abaturage 367 955. Kagizwe n'imirenge 13. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → Uturere → [[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Imirenge]] → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Ubuso n'imbibi == Mu burengerazuba, Akarere ka Ngororero gahana imbibi n'[[Akarere ka Rutsiro]]. Mu majyaruguru hari [[Akarere ka Nyabihu]]. Mu majyaruguru ashyira iburasirazuba hari [[Akarere ka Gakenke]]. Mu majyepfo hari [[Akarere ka Karongi]]. Mu burasirazuba hari [[Akarere ka Muhanga]]. Ibiro by'akarere biri ku muhanda Muhanga–Ngororero–Mukamira. Biri ku birometero 46,6 uvuye i Muhanga. Akarere kagizwe n'[[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|imirenge]] 13, [[akagari|utugari]] 73 n'[[imidugudu]] 416. Gafite ubuso bwa 679 km². Muri 2022, gafite abaturage 367 955, ni ukuvuga abaturage 551 kuri km².<ref name="menya">{{Cite web |url=https://www.ngororero.gov.rw/akarere/menya-akarere |title=Menya Akarere |website=ngororero.gov.rw |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-22}}</ref> == Imiterere == [[File:Green Hills in Rwanda.jpg|thumb|left|Imisozi yo mu Karere ka Ngororero]] Ubutumburuke bw'akarere buri hagati ya metero 1 460 na metero 2 883. Umusozi muremure ni Bweru, mu Murenge wa Muhanda. Ufite ubutumburuke bwa metero 2 883. Izindi mpinga ndende ziri mu ishyamba rya Gishwati. Ubushyuhe buringaniye ni 18 °C.<ref name="menya"/> Akarere gafite amazi menshi. Kari mu kibaya cy'uruzi rwa [[Nili]]. Umugezi w'ingenzi ni [[Umugezi wa Nyabarongo|Nyabarongo]]. Indi migezi ni Rubagabaga, Mukungwa, Satinsyi, Muhembe na Kibirira.<ref name="menya"/> == Imirenge == {{div col|colwidth=15em}} # Bwira # Gatumba # Hindiro # Kabaya # Kageyo # Kavumu # Matyazo # Muhanda # Muhororo # Ndaro # [[Umurenge wa Ngororero|Ngororero]] # [[Umurenge wa Nyange|Nyange]] # [[Umurenge wa Sovu|Sovu]] {{div col end}} == Ubukerarugendo == Ahantu nyaburanga ho mu Karere ka Ngororero harimo Umukore wa [[Kigeli IV Rwabugiri|Rwabugiri]], [[Pariki y'ishyamba rya Gishwati-Mukura|Pariki ya Gishwati-Mukura]] n'inzuri za Gishwati.<ref name="menya"/> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Ngororero District|Amafoto y'Akarere ka Ngororero]] kuri Wikimedia Commons {{Palette Intara n'Uturere by'u Rwanda}} {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Ngororero}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Ngororero]] [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Ngororero| ]] msa00ojzrjvoi0usa9b13s36nd39eew 0 8417 148565 143674 2026-11-03T13:02:27Z Score Beethoven 11559 148565 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Akarere ka Nyabihu''' ni kamwe mu turere turindwi tugize [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Ibiro byako biri mu Murenge wa Mukamira. Gafite ubuso bwa 531,5 km² n'abaturage 319 047. Kagizwe n'imirenge 12. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → Uturere → [[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Imirenge]] → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Ubuso n'imbibi == [[File:Nyabihu image (cropped).jpg|thumb|left|Imisozi yo mu Karere ka Nyabihu]] Akarere ka Nyabihu gahana imbibi n'uturere twa [[Akarere ka Rubavu|Rubavu]], [[Akarere ka Musanze|Musanze]], [[Akarere ka Ngororero|Ngororero]] na [[Akarere ka Rutsiro|Rutsiro]]. Gahana kandi imbibi na [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://francegenocidetutsi.org/NyabihuDistrict.pdf |title=Nyabihu District |website=francegenocidetutsi.org |format=PDF |language=en}}</ref> Ibiro by'akarere biri mu Murenge wa Mukamira, mu Kagari ka Rubaya, mu Mudugudu wa Cyivugiza. Akarere kagizwe n'[[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|imirenge]] 12, [[akagari|utugari]] 73 n'[[imidugudu]] 473. Gafite ubuso bwa 531,5 km² n'abaturage 319 047.<ref name="menya">{{Cite web |url=https://www.nyabihu.gov.rw/akarere/menya-akarere |title=Menya Akarere |website=nyabihu.gov.rw |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-22}}</ref> Akarere kazwi cyane kubera ahantu nyaburanga, imisozi n'ibiyaga. Kazwi kandi kubera amashuri menshi n'ibiranga amateka.<ref name="menya"/> == Imirenge == {{div col|colwidth=15em}} # [[Umurenge wa Bigogwe|Bigogwe]] # Jenda # Jomba # Kabatwa # Karago # Kintobo # Mukamira # Muringa # Rambura # Rugera # Rurembo # Shyira {{div col end}} == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Nyabihu District|Amafoto y'Akarere ka Nyabihu]] kuri Wikimedia Commons {{Palette Intara n'Uturere by'u Rwanda}} {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Nyabihu}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Nyabihu]] [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Nyabihu| ]] 81f1qqeyir3vhhag0xdqhrfuz359zw8 0 8418 148576 143838 2026-11-03T13:03:00Z Score Beethoven 11559 148576 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Akarere ka Rusizi''' ni kamwe mu turere turindwi tugize [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Kari ku [[Ikiyaga cya Kivu]]. Gahana imbibi n'[[Uburundi]] na [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]]. Gafite ubuso bwa 940,95 km² n'abaturage 485 529. Kagizwe n'imirenge 18. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → Uturere → [[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Imirenge]] → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Ubuso n'imbibi == Mu majyepfo, Akarere ka Rusizi gahana imbibi n'Uburundi. [[Umugezi wa Ruhwa]] ni wo mupaka. Mu burengerazuba hari Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo. Ikiyaga cya Kivu n'[[Umugezi wa Rusizi]] ni byo bitandukanya ibihugu byombi.<ref name="menya">{{Cite web |url=https://www.rusizi.gov.rw/akarere/menya-akarere |title=Menya Akarere |website=rusizi.gov.rw |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-22}}</ref> Akarere kagizwe n'[[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|imirenge]] 18, [[akagari|utugari]] 93 n'[[imidugudu]] 596. Gafite ubuso bwa 940,95 km². Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, kari gatuwe n'abaturage 485 529.<ref name="citypop" /> Umujyi wa Rusizi ni umwe mu mijyi itandatu yunganira [[Kigali|Umujyi wa Kigali]].<ref name="menya"/> == Imirenge == Akarere ka Rusizi kagizwe n'imirenge 18:<ref name="citypop">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/36__rusizi |title=Rusizi (District, Rwanda) – Sectors |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-22}}</ref> {{div col|colwidth=15em}} # Bugarama # [[Umurenge wa Butare|Butare]] # Bweyeye # Gashonga # [[Umurenge wa Giheke|Giheke]] # Gihundwe # Gikundamvura # Gitambi # Kamembe # [[Umurenge wa Muganza|Muganza]] # Mururu # Nkanka # Nkombo # [[Umurenge wa Nkungu|Nkungu]] # Nyakabuye # Nyakarenzo # Nzahaha # Rwimbogo {{div col end}} == Ubukungu == [[File:Tea Plantations, Rusizi District, Rwanda.jpg|thumb|left|Icyayi mu Karere ka Rusizi]] Akarere ka Rusizi gahinga [[umuceli]] mu kibaya cya Bugarama. Gahinga kandi [[icyayi]], [[ikawa]], [[Urubuto|imbuto]], [[urutoki]], [[Ikigori|ibigori]], ibishyimbo n'[[imyumbati]]. Aborozi borora [[inka]], [[ihene]] n'ingurube. Mu Kiyaga cya Kivu harobwa [[amafi]] n'[[isambaza]].<ref name="menya"/> == Ubukerarugendo == Ahantu nyaburanga ho mu Karere ka Rusizi harimo Ikiyaga cya Kivu, [[amashyuza]] ya Bugarama n'ishyamba rya Cyamudongo. Harimo kandi [[Pariki ya Nyungwe]], Umugezi wa Rusizi n'[[Ikibuga cy'indege cya Kamembe]].<ref name="menya"/> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Rusizi District|Amafoto y'Akarere ka Rusizi]] kuri Wikimedia Commons {{Palette Intara n'Uturere by'u Rwanda}} {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Rusizi}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Rusizi]] [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Rusizi| ]] g2flnhulzindd8cgimkaoxp7rlt7v4g 0 8431 148569 143677 2026-11-03T13:02:36Z Score Beethoven 11559 148569 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Akarere ka Nyamasheke''' ni kamwe mu turere turindwi tugize [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Kari ku [[Ikiyaga cya Kivu]]. Gafite ubuso bwa 1 174 km² n'abaturage 434 221. Kagizwe n'imirenge 15. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → Uturere → [[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Imirenge]] → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Ubuso n'imbibi == Mu majyepfo, Akarere ka Nyamasheke gahana imbibi n'[[Akarere ka Rusizi]]. Mu majyaruguru hari [[Akarere ka Karongi]]. Mu burasirazuba hari [[Akarere ka Nyamagabe]]. Mu burengerazuba hari [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]].<ref name="menya">{{Cite web |url=https://www.nyamasheke.gov.rw/akarere/menya-akarere |title=Menya Akarere |website=nyamasheke.gov.rw |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-22}}</ref> Ibiro by'akarere biri mu Murenge wa Kagano, mu Kagari ka Ninzi, mu Mudugudu wa Gikuyu. Akarere kagizwe n'[[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|imirenge]] 15, [[akagari|utugari]] 68 n'[[imidugudu]] 588. Gafite ubuso bwa 1 174 km² n'abaturage 434 221.<ref name="menya"/> == Imirenge == Akarere ka Nyamasheke kagizwe n'imirenge 15:<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nyamasheke.gov.rw/akarere/abayozi-bimirenge |title=Abayozi b'Imirenge |website=nyamasheke.gov.rw |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-22}}</ref> {{div col|colwidth=15em}} # Bushekeri # Bushenge # Cyato # Gihombo # Kagano # Kanjongo # Karambi # Karengera # Kirimbi # Macuba # Mahembe # Nyabitekeri # Rangiro # Ruharambuga # Shangi {{div col end}} == Ubukungu == [[File:Green tea nyamasheke.jpg|thumb|left|Icyayi mu Karere ka Nyamasheke]] Ubuhinzi ni imwe mu nkingi zikomeye z'ubukungu bw'akarere. Ubutaka bwaho bubereye guhinga [[ikawa]] n'[[icyayi]]. Akarere gafite inganda eshatu zitunganya icyayi.<ref name="menya"/> Akarere ka Nyamasheke kazwi mu bukerarugendo. Gafite [[Pariki ya Nyungwe]] n'Ikiyaga cya Kivu. Hari amahirwe mu mahoteli, mu macumbi no mu burobyi.<ref name="menya"/> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Nyamasheke District|Amafoto y'Akarere ka Nyamasheke]] kuri Wikimedia Commons {{Palette Intara n'Uturere by'u Rwanda}} {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Nyamasheke}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Nyamasheke]] [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Nyamasheke| ]] 74p3h598guwtz15522dga1q7cc029qp 0 8433 148717 143972 2026-11-03T13:08:54Z Score Beethoven 11559 148717 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox umurenge}} [[Dosiye:HuyeDist.png|thumb|Ikarita y’Akarere ka Huye, Umurenge wa Tumba uherereyemo.]] [[Dosiye:Huye_mainstreet_Rwanda_taken_June_2009.jpg|thumb|Umuhanda mukuru mu mujyi wa Huye mu 2009.]] '''Umurenge wa Tumba''' ni umwe mu mirenge 14 igize [[Akarere ka Huye]], mu [[Intara y’Amajyepfo]] y’u Rwanda. Igice kinini cy’abaturage bawo gituye mu bice by’umujyi wa Huye. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → [[Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Uturere]] → Imirenge → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Imiterere y’ubuyobozi == Umurenge wa Tumba ugizwe n’utugari dutanu: * Cyarwa; * Cyimana; * Gitwa; * Mpare; * Rango B.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200920134411/http://www.huye.gov.rw/index.php?id=83 « Imiterere y’ubuyobozi bw’Akarere ka Huye »], Akarere ka Huye, urupapuro rwabitswe ku wa 20 Nzeri 2020.</ref> == Abaturage == Mu ibarura rusange ry’abaturage n’imiturire ryo mu 2012, Umurenge wa Tumba wari utuwe n’abaturage 31.399. Muri uwo mwaka wari umurenge utuwe n’abantu benshi kurusha indi mirenge y’Akarere ka Huye.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20210117054544/https://huye.gov.rw/fileadmin/templates/document/Huye_DDS_2018-2024.pdf ''Huye District Development Strategy 2018–2024''], Akarere ka Huye.</ref> Mu 2022, abaturage bari bageze kuri 37.153, barimo abagore 19.366 n’abagabo 17.787. Tumba yari igifite abaturage benshi kurusha indi mirenge 13 y’Akarere ka Huye.<ref name="abaturage">[https://citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/huye/2414__tumba/ « Tumba (Sector, Rwanda) »], ''City Population'', hashingiwe ku mibare y’Ikigo cy’Igihugu cy’Ibarurishamibare cy’u Rwanda.</ref> Muri abo baturage, 30.529 bari batuye mu bice by’umujyi naho 6.624 bakaba bari batuye mu bice by’icyaro.<ref name="abaturage" /> == Ubumenyi bw’isi == Umurenge wa Tumba ufite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 17,93.<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Tumba_Sector_(Huye) « Tumba Sector (Huye) »], ''Wikimedia Commons''.</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Rulindo}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Huye|Tumba]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Tumba]] 556euc483envhv5z604emh7lwowzfum 0 8452 148599 143973 2026-11-03T13:04:04Z Score Beethoven 11559 148599 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox umurenge}} '''Gashora''' ni umwe mu [[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|mirenge]] 15 igize [[Akarere ka Bugesera]], mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]] bw’u [[Rwanda]]. Umurenge wa Gashora ukikijwe n’ibiyaga. Mu 2022, wari utuwe n’abaturage 32 251. Ubukungu bwawo bushingiye cyane ku [[ubuhinzi]] no ku [[uburobyi]]. Muri uyu murenge hari urwibutso rwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Hari kandi ishuri ryisumbuye ry’abakobwa rya Gashora Girls Academy. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → [[Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Uturere]] → Imirenge → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Ubumenyi bw’isi == [[File:Lake view at gashora.jpg|thumb|left|Ikiyaga i Gashora]] Umurenge wa Gashora ufite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 98,83.<ref name="citypop">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/bugesera/5701__gashora/ |title=Gashora (Sector, Rwanda) – Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Gashora ikikijwe n’ibiyaga byinshi.<ref name="anl">{{Cite web |url=https://www.africanewlife.org/?p=18026 |title=Gashora |website=Africa New Life Ministries |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Kimwe muri ibyo biyaga ni Ikiyaga cya Mirayi.<ref name="cmu">{{Cite web |url=https://www.cmu.edu/global/education/tcingc/reports/TCinGC-Rwanda-Gashora-2013-FinalReport.pdf |title=Gashora Girls Academy of Science and Technology: Final Consulting Report |website=Carnegie Mellon University |date=2013-07-23 |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> == Abaturage == Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2012, Umurenge wa Gashora wari utuwe n’abaturage 22 001. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, abaturage bari 32 251. Muri bo, abagabo bari 16 027. Abagore bari 16 224. Abaturage 4 052 babaga mu mujyi. Abandi babaga mu cyaro. Ubucucike bwari abaturage 326 kuri kilometero kare.<ref name="citypop" /> == Amateka == [[File:GashoraGenocideMemorial01.jpg|thumb|left|Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Gashora]] [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Gashora]] ruri mu Kagari ka Biryogo. Muri uru rwibutso hashyinguye inzirakarengane zirenga 5 000 za [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]].<ref name="newtimes2018">{{Cite web |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/149869/News/bugesera-youth-clean-memorial-site |title=Bugesera youth clean memorial site |website=The New Times |date=2018-03-26 |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> == Ubukungu == Imiryango myinshi y’i Gashora itunzwe n’ubuhinzi n’uburobyi. Amapfa amara igihe kirekire ateza ibura ry’ibiribwa.<ref name="anl" /> Koperative Twiteze Imbere Kagenge (KOTICA) ikorera i Gashora. Mu 2012, iyi koperative yari ifite abanyamuryango barenga 400. Ihinga cyane cyane [[imyumbati]].<ref name="kagame2012">{{Cite web |url=https://www.paulkagame.rw/?p=1417 |title=You inspire the leaders of Rwanda |website=Paul Kagame |date=2012-07-03 |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Roger Shaw yatangije ubworozi bw’[[amafi]] hafi y’Ikiyaga cya Mirayi. Mu 2016, ubu bworozi bwari ku buso burenga hegitari 16. Bwari bufite ibyuzi by’amafi birenga 30.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/133292/News/shaw-sold-his-california-home-to-invest-in-fish-farming-in-bugesera |title=Shaw sold his California home to invest in fish farming in Bugesera |website=The New Times |date=2016-09-05 |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> == Uburezi == Gashora Girls Academy of Science and Technology ni ishuri ryisumbuye ry’abakobwa gusa. Abanyeshuri baba mu kigo. Ishuri ryashinzwe n’Abanyamerikakazi babiri: Suzanne Sinegal McGill na Shalisan Foster. Ryatangiye muri Gashyantare 2011. Ryatangiranye n’abanyeshuri 90. Mu 2013, ryari rifite abanyeshuri 268. Ishuri ryubatse ahitegeye Ikiyaga cya Mirayi.<ref name="cmu" /> Ku wa 3 Nyakanga 2012, Perezida [[Paul Kagame]] na [[Jeannette Kagame]] basuye iri shuri.<ref name="kagame2012" /> Ishuri rikuru rya Rwanda Institute for Conservation Agriculture (RICA) na ryo riri mu Murenge wa Gashora. Ryubatse ku buso bwa hegitari 1 300. Ryashinzwe na Leta y’u Rwanda ifatanyije na Howard G. Buffett Foundation. Buri mwaka, ryakira abanyeshuri 84 bafite buruse.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ktpress.rw/2022/07/institute-for-conservation-agriculture-readies-for-first-graduation/ |title=Institute for Conservation Agriculture Readies for First Graduation |website=KT Press |date=2022-07-17 |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Gashora Sector|Amafoto y’Umurenge wa Gashora]] kuri Wikimedia Commons {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Bugesera}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Bugesera]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Gashora]] 7bhnm589ks2pd89ew62h2xo8fnu7dp7 0 8453 148637 143741 2026-11-03T13:05:24Z Score Beethoven 11559 148637 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox umurenge}} '''Umurenge wa Kiramuruzi''' ni umwe mu mirenge 14 igize [[Akarere ka Gatsibo]], mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]], mu [[Rwanda]]. Ugizwe n'utugari 4. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, Umurenge wa Kiramuruzi wari utuwe n'abaturage 40 028. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → [[Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Uturere]] → Imirenge → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Utugari == [[Dosiye:Rwanda, Gatsibo District.png|thumb|left|Ikarita y'Akarere ka Gatsibo]] Umurenge wa Kiramuruzi ni umwe mu mirenge 14 y'Akarere ka Gatsibo.<ref name="citypop">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/53__gatsibo/ |title=Gatsibo (District, Rwanda) – Sectors |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Ugizwe n'[[Akagari|utugari]] 4:<ref name="utugari">{{Cite web |url=https://www.gatsibo.gov.rw/updates/announcements/imirenge-nutugari |title=Imirenge n'utugari |website=gatsibo.gov.rw |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> {{div col|colwidth=15em}} * Akabuga * Gakenke * Gakoni * Nyabisindu {{div col end}} == Abaturage == Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2012, Umurenge wa Kiramuruzi wari utuwe n'abaturage 31 083. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, wari utuwe n'abaturage 40 028.<ref name="citypop" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Kiramuruzi Sector|Amafoto y'Umurenge wa Kiramuruzi]] kuri Wikimedia Commons {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Gatsibo}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Gatsibo]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Kiramuruzi]] p1grbhiigz86tigimznia2hlushmlnx 0 8465 148573 143681 2026-11-03T13:02:50Z Score Beethoven 11559 148573 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Akarere ka Rubavu''' ni kamwe mu turere turindwi tugize [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Kari ku [[Ikiyaga cya Kivu]], ku mupaka na [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]]. Gafite ubuso bwa 388,3 km² n'abaturage 546 683. Kagizwe n'imirenge 12. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → Uturere → [[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Imirenge]] → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Ubuso n'imbibi == Mu burengerazuba, Akarere ka Rubavu gahana imbibi n'umujyi wa [[Goma]] muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo. Mu burasirazuba hari [[Akarere ka Nyabihu]]. Mu majyepfo hari [[Akarere ka Rutsiro]].<ref name="menya">{{Cite web |url=https://www.rubavu.gov.rw/akarere/menya-akarere |title=Menya Akarere |website=rubavu.gov.rw |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-22}}</ref> Ibiro by'akarere biri mu Murenge wa Gisenyi, mu Kagari ka Nengo, ku nkombe z'Ikiyaga cya Kivu. Akarere kagizwe n'[[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|imirenge]] 12, [[akagari|utugari]] 79 n'[[imidugudu]] 525. Gafite ubuso bwa 388,3 km². Muri 2022, gafite abaturage 546 683.<ref name="menya"/> == Imirenge == {{div col|colwidth=15em}} # [[Umurenge wa Bugeshi|Bugeshi]] # [[Umurenge wa Busasamana|Busasamana]] # [[Umurenge wa Cyanzarwe|Cyanzarwe]] # [[Umurenge wa Gisenyi|Gisenyi]] # [[Umurenge wa Kanama|Kanama]] # [[Umurenge wa Kanzenze|Kanzenze]] # [[Umurenge wa Mudende|Mudende]] # [[Umurenge wa Nyakiliba|Nyakiriba]] # [[Umurenge wa Nyamyumba|Nyamyumba]] # [[Umurenge wa Nyundo|Nyundo]] # [[Umurenge wa Rubavu|Rubavu]] # [[Umurenge wa Rugerero|Rugerero]] {{div col end}} == Ubukungu == [[File:Men ride a boat in Kivu Lake in Rubavu District, Rwanda. Emmanuel Kwizera.jpg|thumb|left|Ubwato ku Kiyaga cya Kivu mu Karere ka Rubavu]] Rubavu ni igicumbi cy'ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga. Imipaka ya Petite Barrière, Grande Barrière na Kabuhanga ihuza u Rwanda na Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo. Icyambu cya Nyamyumba gihuza akarere n'utundi turere dukora ku Kiyaga cya Kivu.<ref name="menya"/> Akarere gakunzwe n'abakerarugendo. Bakururwa n'Ikiyaga cya Kivu, amashyuza ya Nyamyumba, amahoteli n'imisozi nka Rubavu na Nengo.<ref name="menya"/> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Rubavu District|Amafoto y'Akarere ka Rubavu]] kuri Wikimedia Commons {{Palette Intara n'Uturere by'u Rwanda}} {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Rubavu}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Rubavu]] [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Rubavu| ]] b85yl9knceld154h4tutkqnco0rgccn 0 8469 148676 143779 2026-11-03T13:07:13Z Score Beethoven 11559 148676 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox umurenge}} '''Umurenge wa Ntarama''' ni umwe mu mirenge 15 igize [[Akarere ka Bugesera]], mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]], mu [[Rwanda]]. Ugizwe n'utugari 3. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, Umurenge wa Ntarama wari utuwe n'abaturage 45 530. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → [[Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Uturere]] → Imirenge → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Utugari == [[Dosiye:Bugesera District.png|thumb|left|Ikarita y'Akarere ka Bugesera]] Umurenge wa Ntarama ni umwe mu mirenge 15 y'Akarere ka Bugesera. Ugizwe n'[[Akagari|utugari]] 3:<ref name="menya">{{Cite web |url=http://www.bugesera.gov.rw/index.php?id=72 |title=Menya Akarere |website=bugesera.gov.rw |language=rw |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201024211410/http://bugesera.gov.rw/index.php?id=72 |archive-date=2020-10-24 |url-status=dead |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> {{div col|colwidth=15em}} * Cyugaro * Kanzenze * Kibungo {{div col end}} == Abaturage == Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2012, Umurenge wa Ntarama wari utuwe n'abaturage 17 978. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, wari utuwe n'abaturage 45 530.<ref name="citypop">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/57__bugesera/ |title=Bugesera (District, Rwanda) – Sectors |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Mu 2022, 59,4 % by'abaturage bari batuye mu gace k'umujyi.<ref name="nisr">{{Cite web |url=https://www.statistics.gov.rw/sites/default/files/2025-05/BUGESERA.pdf |title=Fifth Population and Housing Census, Rwanda, 2022: District Profile Bugesera |publisher=National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda |date=2023-09-01 |page=4 |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> == Ubukungu == Umurenge wa Ntarama ni umurenge w'umujyi. Ni wo murenge wa mbere ugeraho iyo uvuye i [[Kigali]] ujya i Bugesera ku muhanda wa kaburimbo.<ref name="menya"/> Muri uyu murenge hari inganda ebyiri. Uruganda rumwe rukora ibinyobwa bidasembuye. Urundi rukora impapuro z'isuku.<ref name="menya"/> Umurenge ufite ubuso bunini budatuwe. Ukeneye abashoramari, cyane cyane mu buhinzi.<ref name="menya"/> == Reba kandi == * [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Ntarama]] == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Ntarama Sector|Amafoto y'Umurenge wa Ntarama]] kuri Wikimedia Commons {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Bugesera}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Bugesera]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Ntarama]] 6i3a7f6qe5npuri3lpx5pydyd33o9z3 0 8472 148614 143717 2026-11-03T13:04:36Z Score Beethoven 11559 148614 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox umurenge}} '''Umurenge wa Juru''' ni umwe mu mirenge 15 igize [[Akarere ka Bugesera]], mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba|Ntara y'Iburasirazuba]], mu [[Rwanda]]. Ugizwe n'utugari 5. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, Umurenge wa Juru wari utuwe n'abaturage 33 753. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → [[Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Uturere]] → Imirenge → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Utugari == [[Dosiye:Bugesera District.png|thumb|left|Ikarita y'Akarere ka Bugesera]] Umurenge wa Juru ni umwe mu mirenge 15 y'Akarere ka Bugesera. Ugizwe n'[[Akagari|utugari]] 5:<ref name="imirenge">{{Cite web |url=https://www.bugesera.gov.rw/akarere/imirenge-nutugari |title=Imirenge n'utugari |website=bugesera.gov.rw |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> {{div col|colwidth=15em}} * Juru * Kabukuba * Mugorore * Musovu * Rwinume {{div col end}} == Abaturage == Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2012, Umurenge wa Juru wari utuwe n'abaturage 23 673. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, wari utuwe n'abaturage 33 753.<ref name="citypop">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/57__bugesera/ |title=Bugesera (District, Rwanda) – Sectors |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Juru Sector|Amafoto y'Umurenge wa Juru]] kuri Wikimedia Commons {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Bugesera}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Bugesera]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Juru]] h8omkuobdm04j3jzua2nbc4qb6l1l6m 0 8507 148770 133094 2026-11-03T15:44:14Z Score Beethoven 11559 148770 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Policy Statements - ITU PP-18 (45578136092) (cropped).jpg|thumb|Paula Ingabire (2018)]] '''Paula Ingabire''' ni umunyarwandakazi w'inzobere muby'ikoranabuhanga ndetse n' umunyapolitiki, akaba ari Minisitiri w'ikoranabuhanga n'itumanaho no guhanga udushya, wemejwe n'inama [[Inama y’Abaminisitiri|y'Abaminisitiri mu Rwanda]], kuva tariki ya 18 Ukwakira 2018. == Amavu n'amavuko == Ingabire yize muri [[kaminuza y'u Rwanda]], arangiza afite impamyabumenyi ya Bachelor . Yakomeje amashuri ye ndetse aza no kubona impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga mu bijyanye n'ikoranabuhanga n'itumanaho, yakuye mu kigo cy'ikoranabuhanga cya Massachusetts (MIT). Yari umwe mubitabiriye ihuriro ryo gushyiraho sisitemu no kuzicunga muri MIT. == Umwuga we wa mbere ya politiki == Mbere yuko aba minisitiri, yari Umuyobozi wa gahunda ya [[Kigali]] Innovation City . Mbere yibyo, yari afite umwanya w’umuyobozi wa ICT mu Nama ishinzwe iterambere ry’u [[Rwanda]] . [[Dosiye:Hon. Paula Ingabire in KIC.jpg|thumb|Paula Ingabire]] == Nkumunyapolitiki == Yinjiye muri guverinoma yavuguruwe ya Perezida [[Paul Kagame]] wagabanije abagize guverinoma kuva kuri 31 ikagera kuri 26. Inama y'Abaminisitiri igizwe n'abagore 50 ku ijana; bayikoreramo. U [[Rwanda]] na [[Etiyopiya]],nibyo bihugu bibiri bya [[Afurika]] byonyine bifite uburinganire muri guverinoma zabyo. Nka minisitiri , ni umutegarugori uvuganira kandi wunganira ikoranabuhanga . Yiyumvisha ko ikoranabuhanga riri mubyo yise tekinoroji ya kane y'inganda kwisi . Minisitiri avuga ko udushya nk'utwo dushobora gufasha u [[Rwanda]] guteza imbere gahunda z'ubuvuzi, ndetse n'inzego z'ubukerarugendo. Yitabira inama za buri kwezi zumuryango wa [[Rwanda]] Blockchain. == Ibindi bitekerezo == Muri Werurwe 2020, Paula Ingabire yashyizwe mu bayobozi 115 bakiri bato ku isi mu mwaka wa 2020, n'ihuriro ry'[[Ubukungu bw'Afurika|ubukungu]] ku isi . Urutonde rurimo abayobozi ba leta, abanyamakuru, abarwanashyaka, abahanzi, abarezi, impuguke mu bucuruzi, n'abashinzwe ikoranabuhanga, bari munsi y’imyaka 40. [[Dosiye:Paula Ingabire at the 2023 World Economic Forum (52693028281).jpg|center|thumb|Paula muri World Economic Forum yabaye 2023]] == Reba kandi == * [[Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y’u Rwanda|Inteko ishinga amategeko y'u Rwanda]] * Minisitiri w’intebe w’u Rwanda == Reba == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [https://www.rwandahc.org/rwandas-new-cabinet-a-blend-of-age-gender-technocrats/ Inama y'Abaminisitiri bashya mu Rwanda: Uruvange rw'imyaka, uburinganire & abatekinisiye] guhera ku ya 19 Ukwakira 2018. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20181020053018/http://www.mitec.gov.rw/index.php?id=2%2F Urubuga rwa Rwanda Minisiteri yamakuru n’ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho (MiTECH)] * Paula Ingabire [[Category:Kaminuza y'u Rwanda]] [[Category:Template]] [[Category:Abagore mu bucuruzi]] [[Category:Abagore]] [[Category:Abanyaporitiki]] eaxviwqz7enc8sdsbp5m54j0wrr3xpg 0 8541 148776 145947 2026-11-03T15:44:25Z Score Beethoven 11559 148776 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Raden Roro Ayu Maulida Putri With Zozibini Tunzi.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Tunzi wearing [[Kebaya]] together with [[Puteri Indonesia|Miss Universe Indonesia 2020]] [[Ayu Maulida|Raden Roro Ayu Maulida Putri]], as she attended [[Puteri Indonesia 2020]] coronation night.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://dispar.kaltimprov.go.id/post/berita/puteri-indonesia-diharapkan-terus-promosikan-pariwisata-dan-ekonomi-kreatif-tanah-air|title=Puteri Indonesia Is Expected To Continue To Promote Tourism And The Country's Creative Economy|publisher=[[Ministry of Tourism (Indonesia)]]|date=March 11, 2020|access-date=December 19, 2020|archive-date=January 10, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210110160940/https://dispar.kaltimprov.go.id/post/berita/puteri-indonesia-diharapkan-terus-promosikan-pariwisata-dan-ekonomi-kreatif-tanah-air|url-status=dead}}</ref>]] [[Dosiye:Zozibini_Tunzi_en_La_Prensa_Gráfica.jpg|thumb|Zozibini Tunzi]] '''''Inyandiko y'umwimerere''': https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zozibini_Tunzi'' {{Infobox pageant titleholder|name=Zozibini Tunzi|image=Zozibini Tunzi en La Prensa Gráfica.jpg|caption=Tunzi in 2019|birth_date={{Birth date and age|1993|9|18|df=yes}} <!-- Sourced in "birthday"-->|birth_place=[[Tsolo|Tsolo, Eastern Cape]], South Africa|education=[[Cape Peninsula University of Technology]]|height=1.68 m|hair_color=[[Black hair|Black]]|eye_color=[[Eye color#Brown|Brown]]|title=* '''[[Miss South Africa|Miss Universe South Africa 2019]]''' * '''[[Miss Universe 2019]]'''|competitions=* '''[[Miss South Africa 2017]]''' ** ''(Top 26)'' * '''[[Miss South Africa 2019]]''' ** ''(Miss Universe South Africa 2019)'' * '''[[Miss Universe 2019]]''' ** ''(Winner)''|photo=|image_size=}} Zozibini Tunzi (wavutse ku ya 18 Nzeri 1993) ni umunyamideli wo [[Afurika y’Epfo|muri Afurika y'Epfo]] akaba anafite ikamba ryo mwirushanwa ry'ubwiza rikomeye cyane rya Miss Universe 2019 . Tunzi yari yarahawe ikamba rya Nyampinga wa Afrika yepfo 2019 . Ni umukobwa wa gatatu ukomoka muri Afurika y'Epfo wegukanye iri kamba, akaba numwiraburakazi wa mbere uryegukanye nyuma ya Leila Lopes wegukanye ikamba rya Miss Universe 2011 . Intsinzi ye, yatumye 2019 iba umwaka wambere amarushanwa y'ubwiza ane yose akomeye yo muri Amerika yegukanywa n'abiraburakazi; abandi bafite amakamba ni Nia Franklin ( Miss America 2019 ), Kaliegh Garris ( Miss Teen USA 2019 ), na Cheslie Kryst ( Miss USA 2019 ). Byongeye kandi, 2019 niyo yabaye umwaka wa mbere abiraburakazi batsindiye amarushanwa abiri akomeye mu marushanwa mpuzamahanga y'ubwiza kuko na Toni-Ann Singh wo muri Jamaica yatsindiye Miss World 2019 . == Ubuzima bwe hambere == Tunzi yavukiye i Tsolo, mu burasirazuba bwa Cape, ni mwene Philiswa Nodapu na Lungisa Tunzi, yakuriye mu mudugudu uri hafi ya Sidwadweni. Iwabo bavutse ari abakobwa bane. Nyuma Tunzi yaje kwimukira i Cape Town, atura mu nkengero za Gardens kugira ngo yige muri kaminuza y’ikoranabuhanga ya Cape Peninsula . Yarangije afite impamyabumenyi mu micungire y’imibanire rusange muri 2018. Muri 2017, Tunzi yakoraga umurimo wo kwamamaza imideli, yaratuye mu burasirazuba bwa London, Cape . Mbere yo gutsindira ikamba rya Nyampinga w'Afurika y'Epfo, Tunzi yarangije icyiciro cya kabiri cya kaminuza mu bijyanye n'imicungire y’imibanire rusange muri kaminuza y’ikoranabuhanga ya Cape Peninsula, yanakoraga akazi ko kwimenyereza umwuga mu ishami ry’imibanire rusange muri Ogilvy Cape Town . == Ibihe by'ingenzi mu mwuga we == === Nyampinga wa Universe === ==== Nyampinga w'Afurika y'epfo 2019 ==== Tunzi yatangiye kwiyamamaza mu marushanwa y'ubwiza mu 2017, ubwo yemererwaga kuba umwe mu bakobwa 26 bagombaga kurushanwa muri kimwe cya kabiri cya Nyampinga wa Afurika y'epfo 2017 ariko ntiyaharenga . Yagarutse mu marushanwa ya nyampinga wa Afurika y'epfo mu 2019,maze ku ya 26 Kamena 2019, Tunzi yemererwa kuba umwe mu bakobwa 35 ba mbere bahatanira iri rushanwa, mu basabye bwa mbere. Nyuma yo kunyura imbere y'akanama nkemurampaka, Tunzi yatangajwe nkumwe muri cumi na batandatu bagombaga kurushanwa ku ya 11 Nyakanga. Nyuma yo gutorwa nk'umwe mu bahatanira umwanya wa nyuma, Tunzi yagiye kwitabira amarushanwa ya Nyampinga w'Afurika yepfo 2019 yabereye i Pretoria ku ya 9 Kanama. Yaje mu icumi ba mbere, hanyuma batanu ba mbere, hanyuma amaherezo babiri ba mbere kugeza ubwo yambitswe ikamba na Tamaryn Green wamubanjirije,umwanya w'igisonga cya mbere wegukanywe na Sasha-Lee Olivier. Nyuma yo gutsinda, Tunzi yakiriye ibihembo birimo amafaranga miliyoni 1 yamarandi akoreshwa muri Afurika y'epfo, imodoka nshya, inzu yo kubamo muri Sandton hafi ya Juwaneziburu, ifite agaciro ka miliyoni 5 zamarandi. Iryo kamba kandi ryahesheje Tunzi amahirwe yo guhagararira Afurika y'Epfo mu marushanwa ya Miss Universe 2019 . ==== Nyampinga wa Universe 2019 ==== Tunzi yageze i Atalanta, Jeworujiya muri Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika guhatanira ikamba rya Miss Universe 2019 mu Gushyingo 2019. Yitabiriye ijonjora ribanza ku ya 6 Ukuboza, yitabira igice gisoza ku ya 8 Ukuboza kuri Studiyo ya Tyler Perry . Muri iri rushanwa, Tunzi yazamutse muri makumyabiri ba mbere aricyo bita kimwe cya kabiri kirangiza nkumwe mubahize abandi ku mugabane wa Afurika n'Aziya-Pasifika. Nyuma yazamutse muri icumi ba mbere, hanyuma batanu ba mbere, hanyuma amaherezo batatu ba nyuma. Ibirori birangiye, Tunzi yambitswe ikamba rya Miss Universe 2019 na nyampinga wari ucyuye igihe Catriona Gray wo muri [[Filipine]],Madison Anderson wo muri Porto Rico yabaye igisonga cya mbere naho Sofía Aragón wo muri [[Megizike|Mexico]] aba igisonga cya kabiri. Intsinzi ya Tunzi ni ikamba rya gatatu rya Miss Universe ryari ritashye muri Afurika y'Epfo; niwe wambere wegukanye iri kamba afite umusatsi mugufi wa kinyafurika. Mu cyiciro cya nyuma, batatu ba mbere buri wese yabajijwe ikibazo kimwe: "Ni ikihe kintu cy'ingenzi twakagombye kwigisha abakobwa bakiri bato uyu munsi?" Tunzi asubiza agira ati: "Ntekereza ko ikintu cyingenzi twakagombye kwigisha abana babakobwa muri iki gihe ni ubuyobozi. Nikintu kimaze igihe kinini kibura mubakobwa n'abagore, atari ukubera ko tutabishaka ahubwo ni ukubera uko umuryango ufata abagore nigisobanuro uha izina ryabo. Ndibwira ko turi ibiremwa bikomeye cyane kwisi kandi ko tugomba guhabwa amahirwe yose kandi icyo nicyo dukwiye kwigisha abakobwa bakiri bato, gufata umwanya wibanze, ntakintu nakimwe cyingenzi nko gufata umwanya w'ibanze mumuryango no gushimangira uwo uriwe wowe ubwawe, murakoze" Nka Miss Universe, Tunzi azaba mu mujyi wa New York, kandi azitabira ibirori byinshi ndetse no kugaragara kwisi yose. Nyuma yo gutsindira Miss Universe, Tunzi yasimbuwe nuwari igisonga cye cya mbere Sasha-Lee Olivier kumwanya wa Nyampinga wa Afurika y'epfo . Mu nshingano ze nka Miss Universe, Tunzi yagiye muri [[Indonesiya|Indoneziya]] , ajya mu mijyi itandukanye na leta zitandukanye [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|zo muri Amerika]], ndetse n'igihugu cye cya [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika y'Epfo]] == Imiyoboro == * [https://www.misssa.co.za/ Miss South Africa official website] * [https://www.instagram.com/zozitunzi/ Zozibini Tunzi on Instagram] == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Amarushanwa y'ubwiza]] [[Category:Nyampinga]] [[Category:Nyampinga w'afurika y'epfo]] 4l5y5p4vkyosqtgxow55pvayg8fm3ba 0 8549 148697 143797 2026-11-03T13:08:04Z Score Beethoven 11559 148697 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox umurenge}} '''Rilima''' ni umwe mu mirenge 15 igize [[Akarere ka Bugesera]], mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba|Ntara y'Iburasirazuba]] y'u [[Rwanda]]. Rilima ni n'izina ry'agace k'umujyi kari muri uyu murenge. Mu 2022, Umurenge wa Rilima wari utuwe n'abaturage 32 862. Ikibuga cy'indege mpuzamahanga cya Bugesera cyubakwa i Rilima. Rilima ifite kandi ibitaro bivura indwara z'amagufa. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → [[Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Uturere]] → Imirenge → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Abaturage == Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2012, Umurenge wa Rilima wari utuwe n'abaturage 26 803. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, wari utuwe n'abaturage 32 862.<ref name="cp">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/57__bugesera/ |title=Bugesera (District, Rwanda) – Sectors |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> == Ikibuga cy'indege == Ikibuga cy'indege mpuzamahanga cya Bugesera cyubakwa i Rilima. Perezida [[Paul Kagame]] yatangije imirimo yo kucyubaka muri Kanama 2017.<ref name="nt2017">{{Cite news |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201708110118.html |title=Rwanda: Bugesera Residents Eye Jobs as Works on New Airport Take Off |work=The New Times |via=AllAfrica |date=2017-08-11 |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Muri icyo gihe, Rilima nta mazi meza, amashanyarazi cyangwa interineti yari ifite.<ref name="nt2017"/> Biteganyijwe ko iki kibuga kizatangira gukora mu 2028.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/16800/news/infrastructure/completion-of-rwandas-new-airport-extended-to-2028 |title=Completion of Rwanda's new airport extended to 2028 |last=Kagina |first=Alice |work=The New Times |date=2024-05-15 |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> == Ubuvuzi == Rilima ifite ibitaro byihariye bivura indwara z'amagufa. Ibi bitaro bitanga kandi serivisi z'ubugororangingo. Abarwayi babyo benshi baturuka mu Ntara y'Iburasirazuba.<ref name="kt">{{Cite news |url=https://www.ktpress.rw/2023/08/japan-embassy-rilima-hospital-sign-funding-agreement-to-replace-30-year-old-orthopaedic-equipment/ |title=Japan Embassy, Rilima Hospital Sign Funding Agreement To Replace 30 Year Old Orthopaedic Equipment |last=Buningwire |first=Williams |work=KT Press |date=2023-08-22 |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Ku wa 22 Kanama 2023, Ambasade y'[[Ubuyapani]] yahaye ibi bitaro inkunga ya miliyoni 72 z'[[Amafaranga y'u Rwanda|amafaranga y'u Rwanda]]. Iyo nkunga yari iyo kugura ibikoresho bishya 26. Ibikoresho byari bisanzwe byari byaraguzwe mu 1993.<ref name="kt"/> == Gereza == Rilima yari ifite Gereza ya Bugesera. Ku wa 12 Ukwakira 2026, Urwego rw'Igihugu rushinzwe Igorora (RCS) rwafunze iyi gereza.<ref name="nt2026">{{Cite news |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/39622/news/rwanda/bugesera-correctional-facility-closed |title=Bugesera correctional facility closed |last=Mbonyinshuti |first=Jean d'Amour |work=The New Times |date=2026-10-12 |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref><ref name="ap">{{Cite news |url=https://agaciropress.com/bugesera-correctional-facility-closes-as-rwandas-prison-population-declines/ |title=Bugesera Correctional Facility Closes as Rwanda's Prison Population Declines |work=Agaciro Press |date=2026-10-12 |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Mbere yo gufungwa, iyi gereza yari ifungiwemo abantu 2 320. Abari bayifungiwemo bajyanywe muri gereza zindi. RCS ivuga ko impamvu ari uko umubare w'abafunzwe mu gihugu wagabanutse.<ref name="ap"/> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Reba kandi == * [[Nyamata]] == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Rilima Sector|Amafoto y'Umurenge wa Rilima]] kuri Wikimedia Commons {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Bugesera}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Bugesera]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Rilima]] fbsacw9ds72opvhwhjoq9yr7gno8p92 0 8712 148786 144499 2026-11-03T15:44:59Z Score Beethoven 11559 148786 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Flag map of Rwanda.svg|thumb|Tito yavukiye mu Rwanda, aba ari naho yiga amashuri abanza n'ayisumbuye]] '''Tito Rutaremara''' (wavutse mu 1944) ni Umunyarwanda w'umunyapolitiki. == Amateka == === Amashuri yize === Tito Rutaremara yize amashuri abanza n'ayisumbuye mu [[Rwanda]], yiga ikiciro cya kabiri cya Kaminuza mu gihugu cya [[Ubugande|Uganda]]. Rutaremara afite impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga mu ubumenyi bw'isi, ndetse ni mpamyabumenyi ihanitse mu bijyanye no gutegura imijyi n'ibyaro yakuye mu gihugu cy'[[Ubufaransa]] <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://www.parliament.gov.rw/index.php?id=135&width=650&detailId=138 |accessdate=2021-02-03 |archive-date=2020-11-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201126214929/https://www.parliament.gov.rw/index.php?id=135&width=650&detailId=138 |deadurl=yes }}</ref><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/35731</ref>. === Imirimo yakoze === [[Dosiye:Flag_of_the_Rwandan_Patriotic_Front.svg|thumb|Ibendera rya FPR]] Tito Rutaremara yabaye umunyabanga wa [[Ishyaka FPR-Inkotanyi|Rwandase Patriotic Front (RPF)]] kuva mu mwaka wa 1987 kugera 1993. Kuva kandi mu 1994 kugera 2000 yari mubari bagize inteko y'inzibacyuho. Rutarema kandi yanayoboye komisiyo yari ishinzwe itegeko nshinga n'andi mategeko kuva mu mwaka wa 2000 kugera mu 2003. Kuva mu 2003 kugera mu 2011, Rutaremara yabaye umuvunyi mukuru<ref name=":0" />. Nyakubahwa Perezida wa Rebulika y'u [[Rwanda]] yashyize Tito Rutaremara mu ntekishingamategeko umutwe wa sena mu Ukwakira 2011<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.acauthorities.org/news/drtito-rutaremara-appointed-senator |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-02-03 |archive-date=2021-01-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121035544/https://www.acauthorities.org/news/drtito-rutaremara-appointed-senator |url-status=dead }}</ref>. Kuva mu mwaka 2019 Rutaremara ni umuyobozi w'inama ngishwanama y'inararibonye aho yasimbuye Iyamuremye Augustin<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/kagame-names-new-cabinet-ministers</ref>. == Reba == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Rwanda]] [[Category:Umunyarwanda]] [[Category:Abagabo]] [[Category:Umunyapolitiki]] q06brv3rhxk15nnp5xmqd8oeub3i9gt 0 8718 148787 144696 2026-11-03T15:45:01Z Score Beethoven 11559 148787 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Lord_Judge_(51111275854).jpg|thumb|Inteko y'abacamanza|213x213px]] '''Cyanzayire Aloysie''' ( wavutse mu 1964) ni [[Umunyarwandakazi]] w'[[umunyamategeko]] wabaye perezida w'urukiko rw'ikirenga rwu [[Rwanda]]. == Amateka ye == === Ubuzima bwe bwite === [[Dosiye:RuhangoDist.png|thumb|214x214px|Cyanzayire yavukiye mu karere ka Ruhango]] Cyanzayire Aloysie yavutse kuwa 11 Gashyantare 1964 avukira mu [[Akarere ka Ruhango|karere ka Ruhango]], mu ntara ya amajyepfo. Cyanzayire ni [[imfura]] mu muryango we akaba avukana na abahungu barindwi. Cyanzayire arubatse afite abana batatu.<ref name=":0">https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/63097</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |url=https://www.africanwomeninlaw.com/african-women-in-law/Aloysie-Cyanzayire |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-02-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210208092131/https://www.africanwomeninlaw.com/african-women-in-law/Aloysie-Cyanzayire |archive-date=2021-02-08 |url-status=dead}}</ref> === Amashuri yize === Cyanzayire Aloysie yize ikiciro rusange cya amashuri yisumbuye i [[Save]] hanyuma akomereza mu ishuri rya abakobwa ku [[Nyundo]]. Cyanzayire kandi afite impamyabumenyi y'ikiciro cya kabiri cya kaminuza mu mategeko yakuze muri [[Kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda|Kaminuza nkuru y'u Rwanda]] mu mwaka 1989. Cyanzayire yaje kwiga muri [[National School of Magistrates]] i [[Paris]] mu [[Ubufaransa|Bufaransa]] kuva mu 1991 kugera mu 1993.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> === Imirimo yakoze === [[Dosiye:Old_Rockhampton_Magistrates_Court.jpg|thumb|Aloysia Cyanzayire yabaye Umucamanza w'Urukiko rwa Mbere rw'Iremezo mu Rwanda|219x219px]] Mu 1990, Cyanzayire yabaye Umucamanza w'Urukiko rwa Mbere rw'Iremezo mbere yo gusubira kwiga. Kuva mu 1995 kugera mu 2000 yakoze imirimo itandukanye muri Minisiteri y'ubutabera mu Rwanda ariyo Umuyobozi w'Ubushinjacyaha n'imibanire n'inzego z'Ubucamanza, Umuyobozi ushinzwe gutegura amategeko, aza no kuba umunyamabanga wiyo Minisiteri. Cyanzayire kandi yaje kuba Visi peresida w'urukiko rw'ikirenga n'umuyobozi w'inkiko Gacaca kuva mu 2000 kugera 2003. Kuva mu 2003 kugera 2011, Cyanzayire yabaye umucamanza mukuru mu rukiko rw'ikirenga.<ref name=":1" /> Cyanzayire Aloysie yabaye umuvunyi mukuru kuva mu 2014 kugera mu 2017.<ref>https://www.ombudsman.gov.rw/tumenye/abandi-bayoboye-urwego-rwumuvunyi</ref> Ubu akaba ari umucamanza mu rukiko rw'ikirenga.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20210122002152/https://www.judiciary.gov.rw/index.php?id=242</ref> == Ibindi wareba == # [[Rugege Sam]] # [[Tito Rutaremara]] # [[Murekezi Anastase]] # [https://web.archive.org/web/20210213050403/https://www.judiciary.gov.rw/index.php?id=41&L=2 Urukiko rw'ikirenga] # [https://www.ombudsman.gov.rw/ Urwego rw’Umuvunyi] == Reba == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Rwanda]] [[Category:Ubutabera]] [[Category:Abagore]] [[Category:Abagore ba abayobozi]] [[Category:Ubucamanza]] [[Category:Abanyamategeko]] [[Category:Akarere ka Ruhango]] qkc67nnr3udodts86im5qr0wvf8khdu 0 8869 148781 144485 2026-11-03T15:44:48Z Score Beethoven 11559 148781 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:GertrudeCurtis1910.png|thumb|Gertrude Curtis]] [[Dosiye:Othilia_Gertrude_Carroll_Beals,_ca_1900_(PORTRAITS_1842).jpg|thumb|Gertrude Curtis]] {{Infobox person|name=Gertrude Curtis|death_place=|spouse(s)=[[Cecil Mack]]<br>[[Ulysses "Slow Kid" Thompson]]|notable_works=|known_for=|years_active=|occupation=Dentist|nationality=American|death_date=August 3, 1973|image=GertrudeCurtis1910.png|birth_place=|birth_date=March 1, 1880|birth_name=|other_names=Gertrude Curtis McPherson (using 1st husband's legal surname)|caption=Gertrude Curtis, from a 1910 newspaper.|alt=The face of a young African-American woman.|relatives=}} Gertrude Curtis Gertrude Curtis, kuva mu kinyamakuru cyo mu 1910 Yavutse 1 Werurwe, 1880 Yapfuye 3 Kanama, 1973 Ubwenegihugu Umunyamerika Andi mazina Gertrude Curtis McPherson (Twongeyeho izina ry'umugabo ryemewe n'amategeko) Umwuga Umuganga w'amenyo Uwo Bashakanye Cecil Mack Ulysses "Slow Kid" Thompson Gertrude Elizabeth Curtis (1 Werurwe 1880 - 3 Kanama 1973), uzwi kandi ku izina rya Gertrude Curtis McPherson, yari umuganga w’amenyo w’umunyamerika. Yakoze umwuga we igihe kinini i Harlem. == Ubuzima bwambere n'uburere == Curtis akomoka i Bradford, muri Pennsylvania, yari umukobwa wa Stephen Curtis na Agnes Elizabeth Curtis. Se yakoraga umwuga wo kogosha. Curtis Yarangije muri kaminuza ya New York College of Dental and Oral Surgery mu 1909, yabaye umugore w'umwirabura wa mbere wabonye impamyabumenyi mu mwuga wo kuvura rw’amenyo i New York. == Umwuga == Nyuma gato yo gusoza amashuri yiwe yo kuvura amenyo, Curtis yayoboye ivuriro ry'amenyo Bitaro bya Bellevue . Yakoze i Harlem imyaka myinshi. <ref>Sager, Kate Day. [https://www.oleantimesherald.com/news/bradford-native-dr-gertrude-curtis-was-a-pioneering-black-female-dentist/article_f5767328-2768-11e9-aeb1-dbe1ddf7a2a6.html "Bradford native, Dr. Gertrude Curtis, was a pioneering black female dentist"] ''Olean Times Herald'' (February 2, 2019).</ref> Curtis yakoraga muri politiki no mu miryango itegamiye kuri leta. Yabaye intumwa mu nama ya Republican State Convention yabereye i Saratoga mu 1918, <ref>"Elect Four Women to G. O. P." ''The Chicago Defender'' (August 3, 1918): 5. via ProQuest.</ref> kandi yongera guhagararira club yitwa Roosevelt Colored Women's Republican mu nama ya Republican State Convention i Chicago mu 1920. Yabaye perezida w'ihuriro ry’abagore b'imyuga n'ubucuruzi i Harlem mu 1932. <ref>"Dentist" ''The Chicago Defender'' (May 14, 1932): 6. via ProQuest</ref> Yari umunyamuryango wa NAACP, yatanze ikiganiro mu ishyirahamwe rya YWCA no mu itorero Mother Zion ku ngingo z’ubuzima, hanyuma anafasha gukusanya amafaranga yo gufasha ishyirahamwe ryitwa "Sojourner Truth Home for Wayward Girls". <ref name=":1">Traweek, Alison. [https://search.alexanderstreet.com/view/work/bibliographic_entity%7Cbibliographic_details%7C3893470/biography-dr-gertrude-elizabeth-curtis-1880-1973#page/1/mode/1/chapter/bibliographic_entity%7Cbibliographic_details%7C3893470 "Biography of Dr. Gertrude Elizabeth Curtis, 1880-1973"] ''Biographical Database of Black Woman Suffragists'' Alexander Street 2016.</ref> Yakoranye umwete muri Harlem Experimental Theatre . Curtis yagize uruhare mubikorwa by'ubuhanzi by'umugabo we. Yafashije kumenyekanisha igitaramo kidasanzwe cyitwa ''Shuffle Along'' ahagana mu 1921, cyari inyungu ya NAACP. Yagiye mu gitaramo cyazengurutse i Burayi mu 1923, kandi akaba yaranayoboye chorale mu kindi gitaramo cyazengurutse i Burayi mu 1929 no 1930. <ref name=":1"/> == Ubuzima bwite == Curtis yashakanye na Cecil Mack (Richard Cecil McPherson) wahibye "Charleston" mu 1912; yapfakaye igihe Mack yapfaga mu 1944. Mu 1946, yabaye umugore wa kane wumubyinnyi Ulysses "Slow Kid" Thompson, wari warapfushije umugore we Florence Mills. <ref>Holt, Nora. "Dr. Curtis Weds Slow Kid" ''New York Amsterdam News'' (August 31, 1946): 1.</ref> Curtis yapfuye mu 1973 afite imyaka 93. <ref name=":1"/> == Inyandiko ==  {{reflist}} == Izindi Ntanganturo == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20200908092803/https://thedailyfloss.com/2019/02/12/tribute-to-gertrude-e-curtis-one-of-the-first-african-american-female-dentists/ "Tribute to Gertrude E. Curtis, one of the first African-American female dentists"] ''The Daily Floss'' (February 12, 2019). Blog post about Curtis. {{DEFAULTSORT:Curtis, Gertrude}} [[Category:Ikinyejana cya 20]] [[Category:Abagore ba abaganga]] [[Category:Abagore]] [[Category:Umunyafrica]] [[Category:Abapfuye mu 1973]] [[Category:Abaganga b'amenyo]] c6vnnuqsmjme2feranshpcqaog5npbp 0 8870 148784 144183 2026-11-03T15:44:55Z Score Beethoven 11559 148784 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Regina Cobb (48090601977).jpg|thumb|Regina Cobb]] [[Dosiye:Doug Ducey & Regina Cobb (48090614772).jpg|thumb|Doug Ducey & Regina Cobb]] {{Infobox officeholder|name=Regina Cobb|death_place=|religion=|profession=|alma_mater=|residence=|children=|spouse=|party=[[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]|nationality=[[United States|American]]|death_date=|image=Regina Cobb by Gage Skidmore.jpg|birth_place=|birth_date=|alongside=[[Leo Biasiucci]]|successor=Incumbent|predecessor=[[Doris Goodale]]|term_end=|term_start=January 5, 2015|district=[[Arizona 5th Legislative District|5th]]|state_house=Arizona|website=}}Regina Cobb Umwe mu bagize umutwe w'abasenateri mu Ntara ya gatanu ariyo Arizona Ni we muyobozi uriho Yatangiye imirimo 5 Mutarama 2015 Yakoranaga na Leo Biasiucci Yabanjirijwe na Doris Goodale Amakuru yihariye Ubwenegihugu Umunyamerika Ishyaka rya Politike Repubulikana Regina Cobb ni umusenateri w'umurepubulikana uhagarariye inteko ishinga amategeko mu ntara ya gatanu ariyo Arizona afatanyije na Sonny Borrelli . Ni umuganga w’amenyo. Yarangije muri kaminuza ya Case Western Reserve University mu 1993, ubu akaba akora i Kingman, muri Arizona. Yabaye Perezida w’ishyirahamwe ry'ubuvuzi bw'amenyo muri Arizona muri 2009.  [[Dosiye:2021 Arizona National Guard.jpg|thumb|216x216px|arizona]] == Amatora == * Muri 2014 Cobb na Sonny Borrelli batsinze Jennifer Jones, Sam Medrano na George Schnittgrund mu matora y'icyiciro cya mbere cy'abarepubulikana. Borrelli na Cobb batsinze Longoria na Weisser mu matora rusange. Borrelli yabonye amajwi asaga 31.277. == Inyandiko ==  {{Reflist}} == Izindi Ndanganturo == {{Ballotpedia|Regina_Cobb|Regina Cobb}} [[Category:Abagore]] [[Category:Abaganga]] [[Category:Politike y'amerika]] [[Category:Abariho]] [[Category:Arizona]] [[Category:Amenyo]] 1s16fr25jyq0qvtyejujpqvg93evxp6 0 8896 148685 143936 2026-11-03T13:07:35Z Score Beethoven 11559 148685 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox umurenge}} '''Umurenge wa Nyamirambo''' ni umwe mu [[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|mirenge]] 10 igize [[Akarere ka Nyarugenge]], mu [[Kigali|Mujyi wa Kigali]], mu [[Rwanda]]. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, Umurenge wa Nyamirambo wari utuwe n’abaturage 55 315. Ugizwe n’utugari 4. Abaturage bawo bose batuye mu mujyi. Muri uyu murenge hari Paruwasi Mutagatifu Karoli Lwanga ya Nyamirambo. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → [[Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Uturere]] → Imirenge → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Utugari == [[Dosiye:Rwanda, Nyarugenge District.png|thumb|left|Ikarita y’Akarere ka Nyarugenge]] Umurenge wa Nyamirambo ni umwe mu mirenge 10 y’Akarere ka Nyarugenge. Ugizwe n’[[Akagari|utugari]] 4:<ref name="utugari">{{Cite web |url=https://www.nyarugenge.gov.rw/akarere/imirenge-nutugali |title=Imirenge n'Utugari |website=Akarere ka Nyarugenge |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> {{div col|colwidth=15em}} * Cyivugiza * Gasharu * Mumena * Rugarama {{div col end}} == Abaturage == Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2012, Umurenge wa Nyamirambo wari utuwe n’abaturage 40 292. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, wari utuwe n’abaturage 55 315. Abagabo bari 27 838. Abagore bari 27 477. Abaturage bose bari batuye mu mujyi.<ref name="citypop">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/nyarugenge/1108__nyamirambo/ |title=Nyamirambo (Sector, Rwanda) – Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> == Ibigo by’ingenzi == [[Dosiye:St Charles Lwanga Nyamirambo Front side.jpg|thumb|left|Kiliziya ya Paruwasi Mutagatifu Karoli Lwanga ya Nyamirambo]] Paruwasi Mutagatifu Karoli Lwanga ya Nyamirambo ni paruwasi ya [[Kiliziya Gatolika]]. Iri muri Arikidiyosezi ya Kigali.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://gcatholic.org/churches/africa/73812 |title=Paruwasi Mutagatifu Karoli Lwanga ya Nyamirambo, Kigali, Ville de Kigali, Rwanda |website=GCatholic |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Nyamirambo Sector|Amafoto y’Umurenge wa Nyamirambo]] kuri Wikimedia Commons {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Nyarugenge}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Nyarugenge|Nyamirambo]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Nyamirambo]] b9d6j3fpp6hnresqb82voaei51frcug 0 8993 148771 144702 2026-11-03T15:44:15Z Score Beethoven 11559 148771 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Sandrine Isheja.jpg|thumb|325x325px|Umunyamakuru Sandrine Isheja Butera]] == Amateka == Isheja Sandrine Butera ni umunyamakurukazi wamenyekanye mu biganiro by’imyidagaduro, n’ubuzima rusange ku ma radiyo atandukanye yo mu [[Rwanda]]. Kuri ubu anayobora ibirori bitandukanye cyane cyane ibyitabirwa n’abiyubashye ndetse niwe wari unakuriye akanama nkempurampaka mu irushanwa rya Miss [[Rwanda]] 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.eachamps.rw/article/5659/Umunyamakurukazi-Isheja-Sandrine-yavuze-ku-burwayi-bwamibasiye-ubwo-yari-atwite-imfura-ye |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-07-30 |archive-date=2021-07-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210730130820/https://www.eachamps.rw/article/5659/Umunyamakurukazi-Isheja-Sandrine-yavuze-ku-burwayi-bwamibasiye-ubwo-yari-atwite-imfura-ye |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashuri yize n'umwuga w'itangazamakuru == [[Dosiye:1061 Kiss-FM DFW 2012.png|thumb|Radiyo kiss fm Sandrine akoraho]] Sandrine Isheja, ni umunyamakuru wakoreye Radiyo zitandukanye harimo Radio Salus, Isango Star na Kiss FM Rwanda mu biganiro by’ubumenyi n’imyidagaduro.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/isheja-sandrine-yibarutse-umuhungu |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-07-30 |archive-date=2021-07-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210730132656/https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/isheja-sandrine-yibarutse-umuhungu |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ibindi bikorwa == Isheja Sandrine Butera yasezeranye n’umukunzi we Kagame Peter mu muhango wabereye ku biro by’Umurenge wa Remera mu Karere ka Gasabo kuwa 15 Nyakanga 2016. Aho taliki ya 16 Nyakanga 2016 aribwo basezeranye imbere y’Imana bahamya isezerano ryabo ko bazabana akaramata. Aho magingo aya ari umunyamakuru ukunzwe ndetse wakoze kuri Radio zitandukanye zirimo Sarus ,Isango Star magingo aya akaba abarizwa kuri Kiss Fm.<ref>http://umuryango.rw/imyidagaduro/article/sandrine-isheja-yatangaje-umubare-w-abana-azabyara#!</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == [[Dosiye:Université nationale du Rwanda à Butare.JPG|thumb|Sandrine yize itangazamakuru muri Kaminuza y'u Rwanda]] Sandrine Isheja Butera ni Bucura bw'iwabo mubana bavukana uko ari 3, Sandrine yize itangazamakuru nitumanaho asoza [[Amashuri Makuru|amashur]]<nowiki/>i ye mumwaka <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://yegob.rw/inkuru-nziza-ku-bakunzi-bumunyamakuru-sandrine-isheja-butera/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-02-15 |archive-date=2022-02-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220215163421/https://yegob.rw/inkuru-nziza-ku-bakunzi-bumunyamakuru-sandrine-isheja-butera/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> wa 2012 Sandrine yatangiye gukora umwuga we [[Nevşehir|witangazamakuru]] muri 2008 ku ishuri yigagaho [[Kaminuza y'u Rwanda|Kaminuza]] Sandrine kandi avugako akunda ibiryo bya Abashinwa ndetse no koga agakunda kandi [[UMUZIKI|umuziki]] cyane azwiho ko akunda amabara atandukanye muriyo harimo umutuku,Orange,n' icyatsi akunda kandi abantu bamusetsa cyane akunda igihugu cye cyu [[Rwanda]] ntakunda abanebwe cyangwa abantu bamubeshya.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://kissfm.rw/members/sandrine/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-02-15 |archive-date=2022-02-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220215163420/https://kissfm.rw/members/sandrine/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore]] [[Ikiciro:Umunyarwandakazi]] [[Ikiciro:Itangazamakuru]] ti8sd07c4rf5coxuwcd7x5rlfjsg94h 0 8996 148718 143974 2026-11-03T13:09:16Z Score Beethoven 11559 148718 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Nyanza-Mwami-Kings-Palace-Rwanda.jpg|thumb|Umurenge wa Busasamana uri mu karere ka Nyanza mu Rwanda]] Ni umurenge wo mu Karere Ka Nyanza [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → [[Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Uturere]] → Imirenge → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} sih9rser56crk35rumybvdp176nfqbd 0 9002 148730 148375 2026-11-03T13:52:57Z Score Beethoven 11559 148730 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOTOC__ __NOEDITSECTION__ <!-- ==== IKAZE (HERO) ==== --> <div style="position:relative;overflow:hidden;border-radius:16px;padding:28px 24px 22px;color:#fff;background:linear-gradient(135deg,#0b5f8f 0%,#00A1DE 45%,#20603D 100%);box-shadow:0 4px 14px rgba(0,0,0,0.15)"> <div style="font-size:1.05em;opacity:0.95">Murakaza neza kuri</div> <div style="font-family:Georgia,'Linux Libertine','Times New Roman',serif;font-size:2.6em;line-height:1.15;font-weight:700;margin:4px 0">Wikipediya mu Kinyarwanda</div> <div style="font-size:1.08em;max-width:46em">Inkoranyabumenyi yubakwa n'abayikoresha, mu rurimi rwacu. 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style="font-weight:700;margin-top:6px">[[Wikipedia:Irembo/Ikoranabuhanga|Ikoranabuhanga]]</div><div style="font-size:0.85em;color:var(--color-subtle,#54595d)">Mudasobwa, ubwubatsi, inganda</div></div> <div style="flex:1 1 115px;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;padding:12px 6px;border-radius:12px;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle,#dadde3)">[[Dosiye:Noto Emoji Oreo 1f3c0.svg|48px|link=Wikipedia:Irembo/Ubuzima n'imyidagaduro|alt=Ubuzima n'imyidagaduro]]<div style="font-weight:700;margin-top:6px">[[Wikipedia:Irembo/Ubuzima n'imyidagaduro|Ubuzima n'imyidagaduro]]</div><div style="font-size:0.85em;color:var(--color-subtle,#54595d)">Siporo, ibiryo, umuziki</div></div> </div> <!-- ==== INGINGO Y'ICYUMWERU + ISHUSHO ==== --> <div style="display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:16px;margin:16px 0"> <div style="flex:2 1 440px;min-width:0;box-sizing:border-box;display:flex;flex-direction:column;background:var(--background-color-base,#fff);color:var(--color-base,#202122);border:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle,#dadde3);border-top:4px solid #00A1DE;border-radius:12px;padding:0.4em 1.2em 1em;box-shadow:0 2px 6px rgba(0,0,0,0.06)"> <div> <h2 style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:1.25em;font-weight:700;border-bottom:none;margin:0.5em 0 0.6em;padding:0;color:#00A1DE">📖 Ingingo yatoranyijwe</h2> <!-- Ingingo zihinduka buri minota 20 (ibiyaga, ibihugu bya Afurika, intara n'uturere by'u Rwanda) --> {{#switch: {{#expr: floor({{#time:U}} / 1200) mod 118 }} | 0 = [[Dosiye:Where tea meets primary rainforest in Nyungwe.jpg|right|180px|link=Pariki ya Nyungwe]] '''[[Pariki ya Nyungwe|Pariki y'Igihugu ya Nyungwe]]''' (izwi kandi nka Ishyamba rya Nyungwe) ni pariki iherereye mu majyepfo y'uburengerazuba bw'[[Rwanda|u Rwanda]], ku mupaka w'u Burundi, aho ikomereza muri Pariki ya Kibira. Ifite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 1 019, ikaba ari ryo shyamba rinini risigaye mu Rwanda, kandi ni rimwe mu mashyamba y'imvura ya kera kurusha ayandi muri Afurika. Kuva muri Nzeri 2023, iri ku rutonde rw'Umurage w'Isi wa UNESCO. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Pariki ya Nyungwe|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 1 = [[Dosiye:View of burera lake.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Ikiyaga cya Burera]] '''[[Ikiyaga cya Burera]]''' ni ikiyaga cyo mu majyaruguru y’u [[Rwanda]]. Kiri mu [[Akarere ka Burera]], hafi y’umupaka n’[[Ubugande]]. Ikiyaga cya Burera kiri hejuru y’[[Ikiyaga cya Ruhondo]]. Ibyo biyaga byombi byitwa ibiyaga by’impanga. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Ikiyaga cya Burera|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 2 = [[Dosiye:Lake Kivu at dawn.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Ikiyaga cya Kivu]] '''[[Ikiyaga cya Kivu]]''' ni kimwe mu biyaga bigari bya Afurika. Giherereye ku mupaka uhuza [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]] n'[[Rwanda|u Rwanda]], muri Albertine Rift, ishami ry'iburengerazuba rya Rift ya Afurika. Amazi yacyo asohoka mu ruzi rwa Ruzizi, rutemba rugana mu kiyaga cya Tanganyika. Uturere tw'u Rwanda dukora ku kiyaga ni Rubavu, Rusizi, Ngororero, Karongi na Nyamasheke. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Ikiyaga cya Kivu|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 3 = [[Dosiye:Lake Ruhondo exotic view 01.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Ikiyaga cya Ruhondo]] '''[[Ikiyaga cya Ruhondo]]''' ni ikiyaga cyo mu majyaruguru y'u [[Rwanda]]. Kiri mu [[Intara y’Amajyaruguru y’u Rwanda|Ntara y'Amajyaruguru]], hafi y'umujyi wa Musanze. Ikiyaga cya Ruhondo n'[[Ikiyaga cya Burera]] byitwa «ibiyaga by'impanga». <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Ikiyaga cya Ruhondo|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 4 = [[Dosiye:Mountain Sabyinyo.jpg|right|180px|link=Pariki y’Igihugu y’Ibirunga]] '''[[Pariki y’Igihugu y’Ibirunga|Pariki y'Igihugu y'Ibirunga]]''' ni pariki iherereye mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba bw'[[Rwanda|u Rwanda]], ku mupaka wa [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]] n'Ubugande. Irinda igice cy'u Rwanda cy'urunigi rw'ibirunga rwa Virunga, harimo ibirunga bitanu birimo [[Ikirunga cya Karisimbi|Karisimbi]] na Sabyinyo. Izwi cyane ku isi kubera [[Ingagi zo mu birunga|ingagi zo mu birunga]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Pariki y’Igihugu y’Ibirunga|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 5 = [[Dosiye:Lake Ihema.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Ikiyaga cy'Ihema]] '''Ikiyaga cy'Ihema''' ni ikiyaga cyo mu burasirazuba bw'u [[Rwanda]]. Kiri mu [[Akarere ka Kayonza]], mu majyepfo ya [[Pariki y'Akagera]]. Inkombe yacyo y'iburasirazuba ni umupaka w'u Rwanda na [[Tanzaniya]]. Ikiyaga cy'Ihema ni cyo kiyaga kinini muri Pariki y'Akagera. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Ikiyaga cy'Ihema|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 6 = [[Dosiye:Flag of Rwanda.svg|right|180px|link=Ikinyarwanda]] '''[[Ikinyarwanda]]''' ni ururimi gakondo rw'[[Rwanda|u Rwanda]]. Ijambo « ikinyarwanda » rishobora kandi gusobanura umuco n'imico ikomoka mu Rwanda. Kivugwa mu Rwanda no mu nkengero zarwo, cyane cyane mu burasirazuba bwa [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]] no mu majyepfo y'uburengerazuba bw'Ubugande. Gifitanye isano ya hafi n'[[Ikirundi]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Ikinyarwanda|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 7 = [[Dosiye:ISS006-E-24705 - View of Rwanda (cropped).jpg|right|180x140px|link=Ikiyaga cya Mugesera]] '''[[Ikiyaga cya Mugesera]]''' ni ikiyaga cyo mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]] y'u [[Rwanda]]. Kiri mu [[Akarere ka Ngoma]], mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba bwa [[Kigali]]. Gihana imbibi kandi n'[[Akarere ka Rwamagana]]. Ikiyaga cya Mugesera gifite ubuso bwa km² 39. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Ikiyaga cya Mugesera|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 8 = [[Dosiye:Traditional food from Rwanda.jpg|right|180px|link=Umuganura]] '''[[Umuganura]]''' ni umuhango nyarwanda wizihizwa ku wa Gatanu wa mbere w'ukwezi kwa Kanama, aho Abanyarwanda bizihiza ibyo bagezeho mu buhinzi, mu bworozi no mu burumbuke. Gukomera kuri uyu muhango ni ugusigasira umurage w'u Rwanda, kuko umuganura ukubiyemo indangagaciro zirimo kwishimira umusaruro, gukunda umurimo n'igihugu. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Umuganura|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 9 = [[Dosiye:ISS006-E-24705 - View of Rwanda (cropped Lake Sake).jpg|right|180x140px|link=Ikiyaga cya Sake]] '''[[Ikiyaga cya Sake]]''' ni ikiyaga cyo mu [[Rwanda]]. Giherereye mu [[Akarere ka Ngoma]], mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]]. Iki kiyaga gihana imbibi n'imirenge itatu: Sake, Jarama na Rukumberi. Ni ikiyaga gito kandi kidafite ubujyakuzimu burebure. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Ikiyaga cya Sake|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 10 = [[Dosiye:Honeybee landing on milkthistle02.jpg|right|180px|link=Uruyuki]] '''[[Uruyuki]]''' (ubuke: inzuki; mu kilatini: ''Apis'') ni agasimba k'inigwahabiri kadafite amagufwa, gafite umubiri ugizwe n'ibice bitatu: umutwe, igituza n'inda. Ku mutwe hariho uduhembe tubiri tuzifasha kumenya ibizikikije n'amaso manini abiri. Mu muzinga umwe hashobora kubamo ingabo zigera ku 1 500 zigaburirwa n'intazi. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Uruyuki|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 11 = [[Dosiye:Lakes of Burundi.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Ikiyaga cya Rweru]] '''[[Ikiyaga cya Rweru]]''' ni ikiyaga gihuriweho n'u [[Rwanda]] n'[[Uburundi|u Burundi]]. Kiri ku mupaka w'ibihugu byombi, muri [[Afurika]] yo hagati. Igice kinini cy'ikiyaga kiri mu Burundi. Amazi y'ikiyaga si maremare. Ikiyaga cya Rweru kiri mu biyaga byo mu kibaya cy'[[Umugezi wa Kagera|Akagera]] yo haruguru. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Ikiyaga cya Rweru|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 12 = [[Dosiye:Muhazi Lake.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Ikiyaga cya Muhazi]] '''[[Ikiyaga cya Muhazi]]''' ni ikiyaga kirekire giherereye mu burasirazuba bw'[[Rwanda|u Rwanda]]. Igice kinini cyacyo kiri mu Ntara y'Iburasirazuba, naho impera yacyo y'iburengerazuba igakora umupaka hagati y'Intara y'Amajyaruguru na [[Kigali]]. Ni ikibaya cyuzuyemo amazi kiryamye kuva iburasirazuba ugana iburengerazuba. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Ikiyaga cya Muhazi|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 13 = [[Dosiye:ISS012-E-17845 - View of Rwanda (cropped Lakes Nasho Cyambwe Mpanga).jpg|right|180x140px|link=Ikiyaga cya Nasho]] '''[[Ikiyaga cya Nasho]]''' ni ikiyaga cyo mu burasirazuba bw'[[Rwanda|u Rwanda]]. Giherereye mu [[Umurenge wa Ndego|Murenge wa Ndego]], mu [[Akarere ka Kayonza]], mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba|Ntara y'Iburasirazuba]]. Ikiyaga cya Nasho gifite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 13,7. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Ikiyaga cya Nasho|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 14 = [[Dosiye:Maasai boys in hunting gear.jpg|right|180px|link=Abamasayi]] '''[[Abamasayi]]''' ni ubwoko bw'abantu batuye mu majyaruguru, hagati no mu majyepfo ya Kenya, no mu majyaruguru ya Tanzaniya. Bari mu baturage bazwi cyane ku rwego mpuzamahanga, bitewe n'aho batuye hafi ya pariki nyinshi zo mu karere k'Ibiyaga Bigari bya Afurika, n'imigenzo yabo, imyambarire n'imitako byabo bwite. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Abamasayi|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 15 = [[Dosiye:Lac Cohoha (redressé et recadré).jpg|right|180x140px|link=Ikiyaga cya Cohoha]] '''Ikiyaga cya Cyohoha y'Amajyepfo''' (mu Burundi: Cohoha) ni ikiyaga gihuriweho n'u [[Rwanda]] n'[[Uburundi|u Burundi]]. Kiri ku mupaka uhuza amajyepfo y'u Rwanda n'amajyaruguru y'u Burundi, mu gace ka Bugesera. Ikiyaga kigenda kigabanuka. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Ikiyaga cya Cohoha|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 16 = [[Dosiye:ISS012-E-17842 - View of Burundi (cropped Lake Cyohoha North).jpg|right|180x140px|link=Ikiyaga cya Cyohoha y'amajyaruguru]] '''Ikiyaga cya Cyohoha y'amajyaruguru''' ni ikiyaga cyo mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]] y'u [[Rwanda]]. Kiri mu [[Akarere ka Bugesera]]. Kiri mu majyaruguru y'[[Ikiyaga cya Cohoha|Ikiyaga cya Cyohoha y'amajyepfo]]. Ikiyaga cya Cyohoha y'amajyaruguru cyakamye hafi ya cyose mu ntangiriro z'imyaka ya 2000. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Ikiyaga cya Cyohoha y'amajyaruguru|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 17 = [[Dosiye:The Mihindi Lake - Flickr - askmeaks.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Ikiyaga cya Mihindi]] '''[[Ikiyaga cya Mihindi]]''' ni ikiyaga cyo mu burasirazuba bw'u [[Rwanda]]. Kiri muri [[Pariki y'Akagera|Pariki y'Igihugu y'Akagera]], mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba|Ntara y'Iburasirazuba]]. Kiri hafi y'umupaka wa [[Tanzaniya]]. Ikiyaga cya Mihindi gifite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 10,9. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Ikiyaga cya Mihindi|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 18 = '''[[Ikiyaga cya Rwanyakazinga]]''' ni ikiyaga cyo mu [[Rwanda]]. Kiri muri [[Pariki y'Akagera|Pariki y'Igihugu y'Akagera]], mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba|Ntara y'Iburasirazuba]]. Ni ikiyaga cya kabiri kinini muri pariki, nyuma y'Ikiyaga cya Ihema. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Ikiyaga cya Rwanyakazinga|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 19 = '''[[Ikiyaga cya Nyirakigugu]]''' ni ikiyaga gito cyo mu [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba]] y'u [[Rwanda]]. Kiri mu Murenge wa Jenda, mu [[Akarere ka Nyabihu]]. Kiri hafi y'umuhanda wa kaburimbo uva i [[Akarere ka Musanze|Musanze]] ujya i [[Akarere ka Rubavu|Rubavu]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Ikiyaga cya Nyirakigugu|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 20 = '''[[Ikiyaga cya cyabayaga|Ikiyaga cya Cyabayaga]]''' ni ikiyaga gihangano cyo mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]] y'u [[Rwanda]]. Kiri mu [[Akarere ka Nyagatare]]. Cyashyizweho mu mwaka wa 2004. Amazi y'Ikiyaga cya Cyabayaga yuhira [[Umuceli|umuceri]]. Ikiyaga kirororerwamo [[amafi]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Ikiyaga cya cyabayaga|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 21 = '''[[Ikiyaga cya Cyambwe]]''' ni ikiyaga cyo mu burasirazuba bw'[[Rwanda|u Rwanda]]. Giherereye mu [[Akarere ka Kirehe]], mu Murenge wa Nasho. Ikiyaga cya Cyambwe kiri hafi y'[[Ikiyaga cya Nasho]]. Kibamo amafi, imvubu n'ingona. Amazi yacyo akoreshwa mu kuhira imyaka. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Ikiyaga cya Cyambwe|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 22 = [[Dosiye:Bisoke Crater View.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Ikiyaga cya Bisoke]] '''[[Ikiyaga cya Bisoke]]''' ni ikiyaga kiri ku gasongero k'[[Ikirunga cya Bisoke]], mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba bw'[[Rwanda|u Rwanda]]. Ni ikiyaga kiri mu mwobo w'ikirunga (''crater lake''). Ikiyaga cya Bisoke ni hamwe mu hantu nyaburanga mu Rwanda. Ba mukerarugendo benshi barakizamuka kugira ngo bakirebe. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Ikiyaga cya Bisoke|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 23 = [[Dosiye:ISS006-E-24705 - View of Rwanda (cropped Lake Birira).jpg|right|180x140px|link=Ikiyaga cya Birira]] '''[[Ikiyaga cya Birira]]''' ni ikiyaga cyo mu [[Rwanda]]. Giherereye mu [[Akarere ka Ngoma]], mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]]. Ikiyaga cya Birira kiri mu biyaga byo mu kibaya cy'[[Umugezi wa Kagera|Akagera]] yo haruguru. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Ikiyaga cya Birira|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 24 = '''[[Ikiyaga cya Hago]]''' ni ikiyaga cyo mu burasirazuba bw'[[Rwanda|u Rwanda]]. Kiri muri [[Pariki y'Akagera]], mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba|Ntara y'Iburasirazuba]]. Ikiyaga cya Hago gifite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 16,1. Ubujyakuzimu bwacyo ntiburenga metero 5,8. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Ikiyaga cya Hago|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 25 = '''[[Ikiyaga cya Karago]]''' ni ikiyaga gito cyo mu [[Rwanda]]. Giherereye mu [[Akarere ka Nyabihu]], mu [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba]]. Ikiyaga cya Karago kiri ku butumburuke burenga m 2 300. Mu mwaka wa 2022, bashyizemo amagi y'amafi kugira ngo umusaruro wiyongere. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Ikiyaga cya Karago|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 26 = '''[[Ikiyaga cya Kivumba]]''' ni ikiyaga cyo mu burasirazuba bw'[[Rwanda|u Rwanda]]. Kiri muri [[Pariki y'Akagera]]. Ikiyaga cya Kivumba kiri mu biyaga byo mu kibaya cyo hasi cy'[[Umugezi wa Akagera|umugezi w'Akagera]]. Ntikigira ubujyakuzimu bunini. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Ikiyaga cya Kivumba|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 27 = [[Dosiye:Flag of South Africa.svg|right|180x140px|link=Afurika y’Epfo]] '''[[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika y'Epfo]]''' ni igihugu giherereye mu majyepfo y'umugabane wa [[Afurika]]. Kigizwe n'intara icyenda. Gihana imbibi na [[Namibiya]], [[Botswana]], [[Zimbabwe]], [[Mozambike]] na [[Eswatini]], kandi kizengurutse igihugu cya [[Lesoto]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Afurika y’Epfo|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 28 = [[Dosiye:Rwanda Provinces 2006.png|right|180x140px|link=Intara z’u Rwanda]] '''[[Intara z’u Rwanda]]''' ni inzego nini z’ubutegetsi bw’[[Rwanda|u Rwanda]]. U Rwanda rufite intara enye n’[[Kigali|Umujyi wa Kigali]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Intara z’u Rwanda|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 29 = [[Dosiye:Flag of Algeria.svg|right|180x140px|link=Aligeriya]] '''[[Aligeriya]]''' n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. Igihugu gituwe n’abaturage bagera kuri 47,400,000 (2025), batuye ku buso bwa km² 2,381,741. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Aligeriya|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 30 = [[Dosiye:Kigali2018Cropped.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Kigali]] '''[[Kigali]]''' ni umurwa mukuru w’[[Rwanda|u Rwanda]]. Kigali iri hagati mu gihugu. Kigali yabaye umurwa mukuru igihe u Rwanda rwabonaga ubwigenge muri 1962. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Kigali|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 31 = [[Dosiye:Flag of Angola.svg|right|180x140px|link=Angola]] '''[[Angola]]''' ni igihugu cyo muri [[Afurika]]. Angola ikora ku Nyanja ya Atalantika. Umurwa mukuru wayo ni Luanda. Ururimi rwemewe ni Igiporutigali. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Angola|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 32 = [[Dosiye:Lake Ruhondo.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Intara y’Amajyaruguru y’u Rwanda]] '''[[Intara y’Amajyaruguru y’u Rwanda|Intara y’Amajyaruguru]]''' ni imwe mu [[Intara z’u Rwanda|ntara enye z’u Rwanda]]. Iri mu majyaruguru y’igihugu. Ibiro byayo biri mu [[Akarere ka Musanze]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Intara y’Amajyaruguru y’u Rwanda|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 33 = [[Dosiye:Flag of Benin.svg|right|180x140px|link=Bene]] '''[[Bene]]''' ni igihugu cyo muri [[Afurika]] y'Iburengerazuba. Mbere y'umwaka wa 1975, Bene yitwaga Dahomey. Umurwa mukuru ni Porto-Novo. Icyicaro cya guverinoma kiri i Cotonou. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Bene|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 34 = [[Dosiye:Akagera National Park Giraffes.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Intara y'Iburasirazuba]] '''[[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]]''' ni imwe mu [[Intara z’u Rwanda|ntara enye z'u Rwanda]]. Iri mu burasirazuba bw'igihugu. Icyicaro cyayo kiri i [[Rwamagana]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Intara y'Iburasirazuba|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 35 = [[Dosiye:Flag of Botswana.svg|right|180x140px|link=Botswana]] '''[[Botswana]]''' ni igihugu cyo muri Afurika y'Amajyepfo. Botswana ntikora ku nyanja. Umurwa mukuru wayo ni [[Gaborone]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Botswana|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 36 = [[Dosiye:Southern Province, Rwanda.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Intara y'amajyepfo]] '''[[Intara y'amajyepfo|Intara y’Amajyepfo]]''' ni imwe mu [[Intara z’u Rwanda|ntara enye z’u Rwanda]]. Iri mu majyepfo y’igihugu. Icyicaro cyayo kiri mu [[Akarere ka Nyanza|Karere ka Nyanza]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Intara y'amajyepfo|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 37 = [[Dosiye:Flag of Burkina Faso.svg|right|180x140px|link=Burukina Faso]] '''[[Burukina Faso]]''' ni igihugu cyo muri Afurika y'Iburengerazuba. Burukina Faso ntikora ku nyanja. Umurwa mukuru wayo ni [[Wagadugu]]. Mbere y'umwaka wa 1984, iki gihugu cyitwaga Volta y'Haruguru. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Burukina Faso|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 38 = [[Dosiye:Scenery in Hills above Lake Kivu - Near Karongi-Kibuye - Western Rwanda - 02.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Intara y'Uburengerazuba]] '''[[Intara y'Uburengerazuba|Intara y'Iburengerazuba]]''' ni imwe mu [[Intara z’u Rwanda|ntara enye z'u Rwanda]]. Iri mu burengerazuba bw'igihugu. Icyicaro cyayo kiri mu [[Akarere ka Karongi|Karere ka Karongi]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Intara y'Uburengerazuba|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 39 = [[Dosiye:Flag of Chad.svg|right|180x140px|link=Cade]] '''[[Cade]]''' cyangwa '''Cadi''' n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Cade|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 40 = [[Dosiye:RwandaDists.png|right|180x140px|link=Uturere tw’u Rwanda]] '''[[Uturere tw’u Rwanda]]''' ni inzego z’ubutegetsi z’[[Rwanda|u Rwanda]] ziri munsi y’intara. U Rwanda rufite uturere 30. Uturere 27 turi mu [[Intara z’u Rwanda|ntara]] enye. Uturere dutatu turi mu [[Kigali|Mujyi wa Kigali]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 41 = [[Dosiye:Flag of Eritrea.svg|right|180x140px|link=Eritereya]] '''[[Eritereya]]''' n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. [[Umurwa]] mukuru w’u Eritereya witwa [[Asmara]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Eritereya|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 42 = [[Dosiye:Lake view at gashora.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Bugesera]] '''[[Akarere ka Bugesera]]''' ni kamwe mu turere turindwi tugize [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Gaherereye mu majyepfo y'iburasirazuba bw'u Rwanda. Gahana imbibi n'[[Uburundi]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Bugesera|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 43 = [[Dosiye:Flag of Eswatini.svg|right|180x140px|link=Eswatini]] '''[[Eswatini]]''' n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]] y’Amajyepfo. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Eswatini|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 44 = [[Dosiye:Lake Burera in Rwanda.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Burera]] '''[[Akarere ka Burera]]''' ni kamwe mu turere dutanu tugize [[Intara y’Amajyaruguru y’u Rwanda|Intara y'Amajyaruguru]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Gahana imbibi na [[Ubugande|Uganda]]. Gafite ubuso bwa 644,5 km² n'abaturage 387 729. Kagizwe n'imirenge 17. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Burera|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 45 = [[Dosiye:Flag of Ethiopia.svg|right|180x140px|link=Etiyopiya]] '''[[Etiyopiya]]''' n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. [[Umurwa]] mukuru w’u Etiyopiya witwa [[Addis Ababa]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Etiyopiya|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 46 = [[Dosiye:GAKENKE District.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Gakenke]] '''[[Akarere ka Gakenke]]''' ni kamwe mu turere dutanu tugize [[Intara y’Amajyaruguru y’u Rwanda|Intara y'Amajyaruguru]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Gafite ubuso bwa 704,06 km² n'abaturage 365 292. Kagizwe n'imirenge 19. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Gakenke|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 47 = [[Dosiye:Flag of Gabon.svg|right|180x140px|link=Gabon]] '''[[Gabon]]''' cyangwa '''Gabo''' n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]] yo Hagati. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Gabon|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 48 = [[Dosiye:KIGALI city view.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Gasabo]] '''[[Akarere ka Gasabo]]''' ni kamwe mu turere dutatu tugize [[Kigali|Umujyi wa Kigali]], mu [[Rwanda]]. Gafite ubuso bwa 430,3 km² n'abaturage 879 505. Kagizwe n'imirenge 15. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Gasabo|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 49 = [[Dosiye:The Gap between Traditional & Modern in The Gambia.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Gambiya]] '''[[Gambiya]]''' n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. [[Umurwa]] mukuru wa Gambiya witwa [[Banjul]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Gambiya|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 50 = [[Dosiye:Rwanda Mountain at Gatsibo.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Gatsibo]] '''[[Akarere ka Gatsibo]]''' ni kamwe mu turere turindwi tugize [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Gaherereye iburasirazuba bw'Intara. Gafite ubuso bwa 1 585,3 km² n'abaturage 551 164. Kagizwe n'imirenge 14. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Gatsibo|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 51 = [[Dosiye:Coat of arms of Ghana.svg|right|180x140px|link=Gana]] '''[[Gana]]''' n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. [[Umurwa]] mukuru wa Gana witwa [[Accra]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Gana|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 52 = [[Dosiye:Uruganda rw'icyayi rwo ku mulindi.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Gicumbi]] '''[[Akarere ka Gicumbi]]''' ni kamwe mu turere dutanu tugize [[Intara y’Amajyaruguru y’u Rwanda|Intara y'Amajyaruguru]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Gaherereye mu burasirazuba bw'iyi ntara. Umujyi wako mukuru ni [[Byumba]]. Gafite ubuso bwa 828,9 km² n'abaturage 448 824. Kagizwe n'imirenge 21. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Gicumbi|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 53 = [[Dosiye:Flag of Guinea.svg|right|180x140px|link=Gineya]] '''[[Gineya]]''' n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Gineya|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 54 = [[Dosiye:KabuyeGenocideMemorial12.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Gisagara]] '''[[Akarere ka Gisagara]]''' ni kamwe mu turere umunani tugize [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Intara y'Amajyepfo]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Gahana imbibi n'[[Uburundi]]. Gafite ubuso bwa 679 km² n'abaturage 397 051. Kagizwe n'imirenge 13. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Gisagara|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 55 = [[Dosiye:Flag of Equatorial Guinea.svg|right|180x140px|link=Gineya Ekwatoriyale]] '''[[Gineya Ekwatoriyale]]''' ni igihugu cyo muri [[Afurika]]. Kiri ku nkombe y'iburengerazuba bwa Afurika. Kigizwe n'igice kiri ku mugabane n'ibirwa bitanu. Umurwa mukuru ni Ciudad de la Paz kuva mu 2026. Mbere, umurwa mukuru wari [[Malabo]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Gineya Ekwatoriyale|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 56 = [[Dosiye:Arboretum of Ruhande in Rwanda.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Huye]] '''[[Akarere ka Huye]]''' ni kamwe mu turere umunani tugize [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Intara y'Amajyepfo]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Gafite ubuso bwa 581,5 km² n'abaturage 381 900. Kagizwe n'imirenge 14. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Huye|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 57 = [[Dosiye:Flag of Guinea-Bissau.svg|right|180x140px|link=Gineya-Biso]] '''[[Gineya-Biso]]''' ni igihugu cyo muri [[Afurika]] y'Iburengerazuba. Gikora ku Nyanja ya Atalantika. Umurwa mukuru wacyo ni [[Biso]]. Ururimi rwemewe ni Igiporutigali. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Gineya-Biso|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 58 = [[Dosiye:A view of Nyabarongo river.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Kamonyi]] '''[[Akarere ka Kamonyi]]''' ni kamwe mu turere umunani tugize [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Intara y'Amajyepfo]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Gafite ubuso bwa 655,5 km² n'abaturage 450 849. Kagizwe n'imirenge 12. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Kamonyi|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 59 = [[Dosiye:Flag of Djibouti.svg|right|180x140px|link=Jibuti]] '''[[Jibuti]]''' ni igihugu cyo mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba bwa [[Afurika]]. Jibuti ihana imbibi na [[Eritereya]], [[Etiyopiya]] na [[Somaliya]]. Jibuti ikora ku Kigobe cya Aden. Umurwa mukuru wayo ni umujyi wa Jibuti. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Jibuti|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 60 = [[Dosiye:Kibuye view.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Karongi]] '''[[Akarere ka Karongi]]''' ni kamwe mu turere turindwi tugize [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Kari ku [[Ikiyaga cya Kivu]]. Gafite ubuso bwa 993 km² n'abaturage 373 869. Kagizwe n'imirenge 13. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Karongi|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 61 = [[Dosiye:Flag of Cameroon.svg|right|180x140px|link=Kameruni]] '''[[Kameruni]]''' ni igihugu cyo muri [[Afurika]]. Umurwa mukuru ni Yaoundé. Indimi zemewe ni Igifaransa n'Icyongereza. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Kameruni|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 62 = [[Dosiye:Wild sunset.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Kayonza]] '''[[Akarere ka Kayonza]]''' ni kamwe mu turere turindwi tugize [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Gafite ubuso bwa 1 935 km² n'abaturage 457 156. Kagizwe n'imirenge 12. Ni amarembo ya [[Pariki y'Akagera]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Kayonza|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 63 = [[Dosiye:Flag of Cape Verde (10-17).svg|right|180x140px|link=Kapu Veri]] '''[[Kapu Veri]]''' ni igihugu kigizwe n'ibirwa mu Nyanja ya Atalantika. Kiri ku kilometero bigera kuri 600 uvuye ku nkombe ya [[Senegali]]. Umurwa mukuru wacyo ni Praia. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Kapu Veri|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 64 = [[Dosiye:Gahanga Cricket Oval in Kicukiro.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Kicukiro]] '''[[Akarere ka Kicukiro]]''' ni kamwe mu turere dutatu tugize [[Kigali|Umujyi wa Kigali]], mu [[Rwanda]]. Gafite ubuso bwa 166,7 km² n'abaturage 491 731. Kagizwe n'imirenge 10. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Kicukiro|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 65 = [[Dosiye:Flag of Kenya.svg|right|180x140px|link=Kenya]] '''[[Kenya]]''' ni igihugu cyo muri [[Afurika]] y'Iburasirazuba. Umurwa mukuru ni [[Nairobi]]. Indimi zemewe ni Igiswahili n'Icyongereza. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Kenya|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 66 = [[Dosiye:ICYUZI.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Kirehe]] '''[[Akarere ka Kirehe]]''' ni kamwe mu turere turindwi tugize [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Gaherereye mu majyepfo y'iburasirazuba bw'u Rwanda. Gafite ubuso bwa 1 118,5 km² n'abaturage 460 860. Kagizwe n'imirenge 12. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Kirehe|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 67 = [[Dosiye:Flag of the Comoros.svg|right|180x140px|link=Komore]] '''[[Komore]]''' ni igihugu kigizwe n'ibirwa mu Nyanja y'Ubuhinde. Kiri hagati ya [[Madagasikari]] na [[Mozambike]]. Umurwa mukuru wacyo ni [[Moroni]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Komore|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 68 = [[Dosiye:Kabgayi Basilica Catholic Church.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Muhanga]] '''[[Akarere ka Muhanga]]''' ni kamwe mu turere umunani tugize [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Intara y'Amajyepfo]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Gafite ubuso bwa 647,7 km² n'abaturage 369 491. Kagizwe n'imirenge 12. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Muhanga|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 69 = [[Dosiye:Flag of the Republic of the Congo.svg|right|180x140px|link=Kongo]] '''[[Kongo]]''' cyangwa '''Repubulika ya Kongo''' n’[[igihugu]] cya [[Afurika]] yo Hagati, giherereye iburengerazuba bwa [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]]. Cyahoze cyitwa Kongo Brazzaville. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Kongo|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 70 = [[Dosiye:This picture was taken in Musanze District which is location in the Northern Province of Rwanda 03.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Musanze]] '''[[Akarere ka Musanze]]''' ni kamwe mu turere dutanu tugize [[Intara y’Amajyaruguru y’u Rwanda|Intara y'Amajyaruguru]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Gafite ubuso bwa 530,2 km² n'abaturage 476 522. Kagizwe n'imirenge 15. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Musanze|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 71 = [[Dosiye:Flag of Côte d'Ivoire.svg|right|180x140px|link=Kote Divuwari]] '''[[Kote Divuwari]]''' n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Kote Divuwari|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 72 = [[Dosiye:Sholi horizon (cropped).jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Ngoma]] '''[[Akarere ka Ngoma]]''' ni kamwe mu turere turindwi tugize [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Ibiro byako biri i Kibungo. Gafite ubuso bwa 867,74 km² n'abaturage 404 048. Kagizwe n'imirenge 14. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Ngoma|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 73 = [[Dosiye:Flag of Lesotho.svg|right|180x140px|link=Lesoto]] '''[[Lesoto]]''' ni igihugu cyo muri [[Afurika]] y'Amajyepfo. Kizengurutswe na [[Afurika y’Epfo]] impande zose. Umurwa mukuru ni [[Maseru]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Lesoto|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 74 = [[Dosiye:Ibyiza bitatse akarere ka Ngororero (cropped).jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Ngororero]] '''[[Akarere ka Ngororero]]''' ni kamwe mu turere turindwi tugize [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Kagizwe n'imisozi miremire n'ibibaya. Gafite ubuso bwa 679 km² n'abaturage 367 955. Kagizwe n'imirenge 13. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Ngororero|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 75 = [[Dosiye:Flag of Liberia.svg|right|180x140px|link=Liberiya]] '''[[Liberiya]]''' ni igihugu cyo muri [[Afurika]] y'Iburengerazuba. Umurwa mukuru ni Monrovia. Ururimi rwemewe ni Icyongereza. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Liberiya|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 76 = [[Dosiye:Gusarura Icyayi.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Nyabihu]] '''[[Akarere ka Nyabihu]]''' ni kamwe mu turere turindwi tugize [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Ibiro byako biri mu Murenge wa Mukamira. Gafite ubuso bwa 531,5 km² n'abaturage 319 047. Kagizwe n'imirenge 12. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Nyabihu|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 77 = [[Dosiye:Flag of Libya.svg|right|180x140px|link=Libiya]] '''[[Libiya]]''' ni igihugu cyo muri [[Afurika]] y'Amajyaruguru. Umurwa mukuru ni Tripoli. Ururimi rwemewe ni Icyarabu. Igice kinini cy'igihugu kiri mu butayu bwa Sahara. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Libiya|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 78 = [[Dosiye:Vache de Nyagatare 3.JPG|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Nyagatare]] '''[[Akarere ka Nyagatare]]''' ni kamwe mu turere turindwi tugize [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Gahana imbibi na [[Ubugande]] na [[Tanzaniya]]. Gafite ubuso bwa 1 919 km² n'abaturage 653 861. Kagizwe n'imirenge 14. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Nyagatare|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 79 = [[Dosiye:Flag of Madagascar.svg|right|180x140px|link=Madagasikari]] '''[[Madagasikari]]''' ni igihugu kiri ku kirwa mu Nyanja y'Abahinde. Kiri hafi y'inkombe y'amajyepfo y'uburasirazuba bwa [[Afurika]]. Umurwa mukuru ni [[Antananarivo]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Madagasikari|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 80 = [[Dosiye:Hills of Nyamagabe in Rwanda.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Nyamagabe]] '''[[Akarere ka Nyamagabe]]''' ni kamwe mu turere umunani tugize [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Intara y'Amajyepfo]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Gafite ubuso bwa 1 090 km² n'abaturage 371 501. Kagizwe n'imirenge 17. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Nyamagabe|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 81 = [[Dosiye:Coat of arms of Malawi.svg|right|180x140px|link=Malawi]] '''[[Malawi]]''' n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Malawi|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 82 = [[Dosiye:Lake kivu.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Nyamasheke]] '''[[Akarere ka Nyamasheke]]''' ni kamwe mu turere turindwi tugize [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Kari ku [[Ikiyaga cya Kivu]]. Gafite ubuso bwa 1 174 km² n'abaturage 434 221. Kagizwe n'imirenge 15. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Nyamasheke|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 83 = [[Dosiye:Flag of Mali.svg|right|180x140px|link=Mali]] '''[[Mali]]''' ni igihugu cyo muri [[Afurika]] y'Iburengerazuba. Mali ntikora ku nyanja. Umurwa mukuru wayo ni [[Bamako]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Mali|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 84 = [[Dosiye:King's palace in Nyanza.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Nyanza]] '''[[Akarere ka Nyanza]]''' ni kamwe mu turere umunani tugize [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Intara y'Amajyepfo]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Kazwi nk'igicumbi cy'umuco n'amateka by'u Rwanda. Gafite ubuso bwa 671,2 km² n'abaturage 365 718. Kagizwe n'imirenge 10. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Nyanza|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 85 = [[Dosiye:Flag of Morocco.svg|right|180x140px|link=Maroke]] '''[[Maroke]]''' n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. [[Umurwa]] mukuru wa Maroke witwa [[Rabat]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Maroke|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 86 = [[Dosiye:Nyabarongo River and its surrounding mountain in Rwanda.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Nyarugenge]] '''[[Akarere ka Nyarugenge]]''' ni kamwe mu turere dutatu tugize [[Kigali|Umujyi wa Kigali]], mu [[Rwanda]]. Gafite ubuso bwa 134 km² n'abaturage 374 319. Kagizwe n'imirenge 10. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Nyarugenge|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 87 = [[Dosiye:Coat of arms of Egypt (Official).svg|right|180x140px|link=Misiri]] '''[[Misiri]]''' n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Misiri|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 88 = [[Dosiye:Icyayi cya.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Nyaruguru]] '''[[Akarere ka Nyaruguru]]''' ni kamwe mu turere umunani tugize [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Intara y'Amajyepfo]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Gahana imbibi n'[[Uburundi]]. Gafite ubuso bwa 1 010 km² n'abaturage 318 126. Kagizwe n'imirenge 14. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Nyaruguru|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 89 = [[Dosiye:Flag of Mauritius.svg|right|180x140px|link=Morise]] '''[[Morise]]''' ni igihugu kigizwe n'ibirwa mu Nyanja y'Ubuhinde. Kiri mu burasirazuba bwa [[Madagasikari]]. Umurwa mukuru wacyo ni [[Port Louis]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Morise|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 90 = [[Dosiye:Kivu,Goma and Rubavu On Rwanda Side.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Rubavu]] '''[[Akarere ka Rubavu]]''' ni kamwe mu turere turindwi tugize [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Kari ku [[Ikiyaga cya Kivu]], ku mupaka na [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]]. Gafite ubuso bwa 388,3 km² n'abaturage 546 683. Kagizwe n'imirenge 12. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Rubavu|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 91 = [[Dosiye:Flag of Mauritania.svg|right|180x140px|link=Moritaniya]] '''[[Moritaniya]]''' n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Moritaniya|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 92 = [[Dosiye:Morning fogs (cropped).jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Ruhango]] '''[[Akarere ka Ruhango]]''' ni kamwe mu turere umunani tugize [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Intara y'Amajyepfo]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Gafite ubuso bwa 628,8 km² n'abaturage 359 121. Kagizwe n'imirenge 9. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Ruhango|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 93 = [[Dosiye:Flag of Mozambique.svg|right|180x140px|link=Mozambike]] '''[[Mozambike]]''' n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. [[Umurwa]] mukuru wa Mozambike witwa [[Maputo]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Mozambike|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 94 = [[Dosiye:Ikirenge museum Rulindo.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Rulindo]] '''[[Akarere ka Rulindo]]''' ni kamwe mu turere dutanu tugize [[Intara y’Amajyaruguru y’u Rwanda|Intara y'Amajyaruguru]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Gafite ubuso bwa 567 km² n'abaturage 360 144. Kagizwe n'imirenge 17. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Rulindo|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 95 = [[Dosiye:Flag of Namibia.svg|right|180x140px|link=Namibiya]] '''[[Namibiya]]''' n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Namibiya|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 96 = [[Dosiye:Rwandan beautifull hills at Cyangugu, cfrt 0783095816.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Rusizi]] '''[[Akarere ka Rusizi]]''' ni kamwe mu turere turindwi tugize [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Kari ku [[Ikiyaga cya Kivu]]. Gahana imbibi n'[[Uburundi]] na [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]]. Gafite ubuso bwa 940,95 km² n'abaturage 485 529. Kagizwe n'imirenge 18. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Rusizi|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 97 = [[Dosiye:Flag of Niger.svg|right|180x140px|link=Nigeri]] '''[[Nigeri|Nijeri]]''' n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. [[Umurwa]] mukuru wa Nijeri witwa [[Niamey]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Nigeri|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 98 = [[Dosiye:The 3rd beautiful Rwandan Bridge to prosperity at Rutsiro district, cfr 0788836386.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Rutsiro]] '''[[Akarere ka Rutsiro]]''' ni kamwe mu turere turindwi tugize [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Kari ku [[Ikiyaga cya Kivu]]. Gafite ubuso bwa 1 157,3 km² n'abaturage 369 180. Kagizwe n'imirenge 13. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Rutsiro|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 99 = [[Dosiye:Flag of Nigeria.svg|right|180x140px|link=Nijeriya]] '''[[Nijeriya]]''' cyangwa '''Nigeriya''', ku mugaragaro '''Repubulika ya Federasiyo ya Nijeriya''', ni [[igihugu]] cyo muri [[Afurika]] y'Iburengerazuba. Umurwa mukuru wacyo ni [[Abuja]], naho umujyi wacyo munini ni Lagos. Ni cyo gihugu gituwe cyane muri Afurika, kikaba kimwe mu bihugu bifite ubukungu bunini kuri uyu mugabane. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Nijeriya|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 100 = [[Dosiye:RwamaganaChurch.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Rwamagana]] '''[[Akarere ka Rwamagana]]''' ni kamwe mu turere turindwi tugize [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Ni ko karimo icyicaro cy'Intara. Umujyi mukuru wako ni [[Rwamagana]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Rwamagana|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 101 = [[Dosiye:Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.svg|right|180x140px|link=Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]] '''[[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]]''' ni igihugu cyo muri [[Afurika]] yo Hagati. Kizwi kandi ku izina rya Kongo-Kinshasa. Umurwa mukuru wacyo ni [[Kinshasa]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 102 = [[Dosiye:Flag of the Central African Republic.svg|right|180x140px|link=Repubulika ya Santara Afurika]] '''[[Repubulika ya Santara Afurika]]''' n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. [[Umurwa]] mukuru wa Repubulika ya Santara Afurika witwa [[Bangui]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Repubulika ya Santara Afurika|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 103 = [[Dosiye:Flag of Rwanda.svg|right|180x140px|link=Rwanda]] '''[[Rwanda|U Rwanda]]''' ni igihugu giherereye muri Afurika y'uburasirazuba, mu karere k’[[Ibiyaga Bigari|ibiyaga bigari]]. Umurwa mukuru wacyo ni [[Kigali]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Rwanda|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 104 = [[Dosiye:Coat of arms of São Tomé and Príncipe.svg|right|180x140px|link=Sawo Tome na Purensipe]] '''[[Sawo Tome na Purensipe]]''' n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Sawo Tome na Purensipe|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 105 = [[Dosiye:Flag map of Senegal.svg|right|180x140px|link=Senegali]] '''[[Senegali]]''' ni [[igihugu]] cyo muri [[Afurika]] y'Iburengerazuba. Umurwa mukuru wacyo ni Dakar. Senegali ihana imbibi na [[Moritaniya]], [[Mali]], [[Gineya]], [[Gineya-Biso]] n'Inyanja ya Atalantika. Igihugu cya [[Gambiya]] kiri hafi ya cyose imbere muri Senegali. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Senegali|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 106 = [[Dosiye:Coat of arms of Seychelles.svg|right|180x140px|link=Seyishele]] '''[[Seyishele]]''' n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Seyishele|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 107 = [[Dosiye:Coat of arms of Sierra Leone.svg|right|180x140px|link=Siyera Lewone]] '''[[Siyera Lewone]]''' n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Siyera Lewone|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 108 = [[Dosiye:Coat of arms of Somalia.svg|right|180x140px|link=Somaliya]] '''[[Somaliya]]''' ni [[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. [[Umurwa]] mukuru wa Somaliya witwa [[Mogadishu]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Somaliya|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 109 = [[Dosiye:Emblem of Sudan.svg|right|180x140px|link=Sudani]] '''[[Sudani]]''' n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Sudani|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 110 = [[Dosiye:Flag of South Sudan.svg|right|180x140px|link=Sudani y’Amajyepfo]] '''[[Sudani y’Amajyepfo]]''' n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Sudani y’Amajyepfo|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 111 = [[Dosiye:Flag of Tanzania.svg|right|180x140px|link=Tanzaniya]] '''[[Tanzaniya]]''' cyangwa '''Repubulika Yunze Ubumwe ya Tanzaniya''' n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]] y'iburasirazuba. Umurwa mukuru wa Tanzaniya witwa [[Dodoma]]. Umusozi wa [[Umusozi wa Kilimanjaro|Kilimanjaro]], umusozi muremure wa Afurika, uri mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba bwa Tanzaniya. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Tanzaniya|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 112 = [[Dosiye:Flag of Togo (3-2).svg|right|180x140px|link=Togo]] '''[[Togo]]''' n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Togo|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 113 = [[Dosiye:Flag of Tunisia.svg|right|180x140px|link=Tunisiya]] '''[[Tunisiya]]''' cyangwa '''Tuniziya''' n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Tunisiya|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 114 = [[Dosiye:Flag of Uganda.svg|right|180x140px|link=Ubugande]] '''[[Ubugande]]''' cyangwa '''Yuganda''', '''Repubulika y’Ubugande''' n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]] y’Iburasirazuba. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Ubugande|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 115 = [[Dosiye:Flag of Burundi.svg|right|180x140px|link=Uburundi]] '''[[Uburundi]]''', ku mugaragaro '''Repubulika y'u Burundi''', ni [[igihugu]] kidakora ku [[inyanja]] giherereye muri [[Afurika]] yo hagati n'iy'Iburasirazuba, mu karere k'Ibiyaga Bigari. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Uburundi|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 116 = [[Dosiye:Flag of Zambia.svg|right|180x140px|link=Zambiya]] '''[[Zambiya]]''' n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. [[Umurwa]] mukuru wa Zambiya witwa [[Lusaka]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Zambiya|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 117 = [[Dosiye:Flag of Zimbabwe.svg|right|180x140px|link=Zimbabwe]] '''[[Zimbabwe]]''' n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. [[Umurwa]] mukuru wa Zimbabwe witwa [[Harare]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Zimbabwe|Soma byinshi →]]</div> }} <div style="border-top:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle,#dadde3);margin-top:1em;padding-top:0.9em"> <div style="font-size:0.9em;font-weight:700;color:#20603D;margin-bottom:0.4em">🌺 Ibimera n'indabo byo mu Rwanda</div> {{Intangiriro/Ibimera|ingingo}} </div> </div><!-- Ibindi bimera: byuzuza umwanya usigaye iruhande rw'ishusho; ibitagiramo umwanya birahishwa --> <div style="flex:1 1 0;min-height:0;display:flex;flex-direction:column;flex-wrap:wrap;align-content:flex-start;overflow:hidden"> <div style="width:100%;box-sizing:border-box;overflow:hidden;border-top:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle,#dadde3);margin-top:1em;padding-top:0.9em"> {{Intangiriro/Ibimera|ingingo|1}} </div> <div style="width:100%;box-sizing:border-box;overflow:hidden;border-top:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle,#dadde3);margin-top:1em;padding-top:0.9em"> {{Intangiriro/Ibimera|ingingo|2}} </div> <div style="width:100%;box-sizing:border-box;overflow:hidden;border-top:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle,#dadde3);margin-top:1em;padding-top:0.9em"> {{Intangiriro/Ibimera|ingingo|3}} </div> <div style="width:100%;box-sizing:border-box;overflow:hidden;border-top:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle,#dadde3);margin-top:1em;padding-top:0.9em"> {{Intangiriro/Ibimera|ingingo|4}} </div> </div> </div> <div style="flex:1 1 260px;min-width:0;box-sizing:border-box;background:var(--background-color-base,#fff);color:var(--color-base,#202122);border:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle,#dadde3);border-top:4px solid #C99A00;border-radius:12px;padding:0.4em 1.2em 1em;box-shadow:0 2px 6px rgba(0,0,0,0.06)"> <h2 style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:1.25em;font-weight:700;border-bottom:none;margin:0.5em 0 0.6em;padding:0;color:#C99A00">📷 Ishusho y'icyumweru</h2> <div style="overflow:hidden"> {{#switch: {{#expr: {{CURRENTWEEK}} mod 8 }} | 0 = [[Dosiye:NYUNGWE CLOUDS.jpg|center|frameless|upright=1.6|alt=Ibicu hejuru y'ishyamba rya Nyungwe]] <div style="text-align:center;font-size:0.95em;margin-top:0.5em">Ibicu hejuru y'ishyamba rya [[Pariki ya Nyungwe|Nyungwe]]</div> | 1 = [[Dosiye:Mountain gorilla (Gorilla beringei beringei) female 2.jpg|center|frameless|upright=1.6|alt=Ingagi y'ingore yo mu birunga (Gorilla beringei beringei) — reba Ingagi zo mu birunga]] <div style="text-align:center;font-size:0.95em;margin-top:0.5em">Ingagi y'ingore yo mu birunga (''Gorilla beringei beringei'') — reba [[Ingagi zo mu birunga]]</div> | 2 = [[Dosiye:Lake Kivu at dawn.jpg|center|frameless|upright=1.6|alt=Umuseke ku Ikiyaga cya Kivu]] <div style="text-align:center;font-size:0.95em;margin-top:0.5em">Umuseke ku [[Ikiyaga cya Kivu]]</div> | 3 = [[Dosiye:Golden monkey (Cercopithecus kandti) eating.jpg|center|frameless|upright=1.6|alt=Inkende y'izahabu (Cercopithecus kandti) irya]] <div style="text-align:center;font-size:0.95em;margin-top:0.5em">Inkende y'izahabu (''Cercopithecus kandti'') irya</div> | 4 = [[Dosiye:Mountain Sabyinyo.jpg|center|frameless|upright=1.6|alt=Ikirunga cya Sabyinyo muri Pariki y’Igihugu y’Ibirunga]] <div style="text-align:center;font-size:0.95em;margin-top:0.5em">Ikirunga cya Sabyinyo muri [[Pariki y’Igihugu y’Ibirunga]]</div> | 5 = [[Dosiye:Rough chameleon (Trioceros rudis).jpg|center|frameless|upright=1.6|alt=Uruvu (Trioceros rudis) rwo mu Rwanda]] <div style="text-align:center;font-size:0.95em;margin-top:0.5em">Uruvu (''Trioceros rudis'') rwo mu Rwanda</div> | 6 = [[Dosiye:Where tea meets primary rainforest in Nyungwe.jpg|center|frameless|upright=1.6|alt=Aho imirima y'icyayi ihurira n'ishyamba rya Nyungwe]] <div style="text-align:center;font-size:0.95em;margin-top:0.5em">Aho imirima y'icyayi ihurira n'ishyamba rya [[Pariki ya Nyungwe|Nyungwe]]</div> | 7 = [[Dosiye:Mountain gorilla (Gorilla beringei beringei) yawn.jpg|center|frameless|upright=1.6|alt=Ingagi yo mu birunga yasamye]] <div style="text-align:center;font-size:0.95em;margin-top:0.5em">Ingagi yo mu birunga yasamye</div> }} <div style="border-top:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle,#dadde3);margin-top:1em;padding-top:0.9em"> <div style="font-size:0.9em;font-weight:700;color:#20603D;margin-bottom:0.4em;text-align:center">🌺 Ibimera n'indabo byo mu Rwanda</div> {{Intangiriro/Ibimera|ishusho}} </div> </div> </div> </div> <!-- ==== WARI UZI KO + FASHA ==== --> <div style="display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:16px;margin:16px 0"> <div style="flex:1 1 440px;min-width:0;box-sizing:border-box;background:var(--background-color-base,#fff);color:var(--color-base,#202122);border:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle,#dadde3);border-top:4px solid #20603D;border-radius:12px;padding:0.4em 1.2em 1em;box-shadow:0 2px 6px rgba(0,0,0,0.06)"> <h2 style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:1.25em;font-weight:700;border-bottom:none;margin:0.5em 0 0.6em;padding:0;color:#20603D">💡 Wari uzi ko…</h2> {{#ifexpr: {{#expr: {{CURRENTWEEK}} mod 2 }} = 0 | * … ko '''[[Pariki ya Nyungwe]]''' ari ryo shyamba rinini risigaye mu Rwanda, rifite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 1 019? * … ko '''[[Umuganura]]''' wizihizwa ku wa Gatanu wa mbere w'ukwezi kwa Kanama? * … ko '''[[Pariki y’Igihugu y’Ibirunga]]''' irinda ibirunga bitanu by'urunigi rwa Virunga? * … ko '''[[Ikinyarwanda]]''' kivugwa no mu burasirazuba bwa [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]]? * … ko '''[[Ikirunga cya Karisimbi|Karisimbi]]''' ari cyo kirunga kirekire kurusha ibindi mu birunga bya Virunga, gifite metero 4 507? * … ko '''[[Ikinyarwanda]]''' gifitanye isano ya hafi n'[[Ikirundi]]? * … ko '''[[Ikiyaga cya Kivu]]''' kiri ku mupaka uhuza [[Rwanda|u Rwanda]] na [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]]? | * … ko kuva muri Nzeri 2023 '''[[Pariki ya Nyungwe|Nyungwe]]''' iri ku rutonde rw'Umurage w'Isi wa UNESCO? * … ko amazi y''''[[Ikiyaga cya Kivu]]''' asohoka mu ruzi rwa Ruzizi, akajya mu kiyaga cya Tanganyika? * … ko mu muzinga umwe w''''[[Uruyuki|inzuki]]''' hashobora kubamo ingabo zigera ku 1 500 zigaburirwa n'intazi? * … ko '''[[Ingagi zo mu birunga]]''' ziri mu bwoko bw'inyamaswa buri gucika cyane ku isi? * … ko '''[[Ikiyaga cya Muhazi]]''' ari ikiyaga kirekire giherereye mu burasirazuba bw'[[Rwanda|u Rwanda]]? * … ko '''[[Abamasayi]]''' batuye muri Kenya no mu majyaruguru ya Tanzaniya? * … ko uturere tw'u Rwanda dukora ku '''[[Ikiyaga cya Kivu]]''' ari Rubavu, Rusizi, Ngororero, Karongi na Nyamasheke? }} </div> <div style="flex:1 1 320px;min-width:0;box-sizing:border-box;background:var(--background-color-base,#fff);color:var(--color-base,#202122);border:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle,#dadde3);border-top:4px solid #7A4BB0;border-radius:12px;padding:0.4em 1.2em 1em;box-shadow:0 2px 6px rgba(0,0,0,0.06)"> <h2 style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:1.25em;font-weight:700;border-bottom:none;margin:0.5em 0 0.6em;padding:0;color:#7A4BB0">🤝 Fasha Wikipediya</h2> Wikipediya mu Kinyarwanda ikeneye abanditsi! Ushobora gutangira uyu munsi: <div style="display:flex;gap:10px;align-items:flex-start;margin:8px 0"><span style="flex:0 0 26px;height:26px;line-height:26px;text-align:center;border-radius:50%;background:#20603D;color:#fff;font-weight:700">1</span><div>[[Special:CreateAccount|Fungura konti]] ku buntu (si itegeko, ariko birafasha).</div></div> <div style="display:flex;gap:10px;align-items:flex-start;margin:8px 0"><span style="flex:0 0 26px;height:26px;line-height:26px;text-align:center;border-radius:50%;background:#20603D;color:#fff;font-weight:700">2</span><div>Kosora amakosa, wongere amakuru n'[[Ubufasha:Footnotes|inkomoko]] mu ngingo zisanzwe.</div></div> <div style="display:flex;gap:10px;align-items:flex-start;margin:8px 0"><span style="flex:0 0 26px;height:26px;line-height:26px;text-align:center;border-radius:50%;background:#20603D;color:#fff;font-weight:700">3</span><div>Hindura ingingo ziva mu zindi ndimi ukoresheje [[Special:ContentTranslation|igikoresho cyo guhindura]].</div></div> <div style="display:flex;gap:10px;align-items:flex-start;margin:8px 0"><span style="flex:0 0 26px;height:26px;line-height:26px;text-align:center;border-radius:50%;background:#20603D;color:#fff;font-weight:700">4</span><div>Kwitoza mbere: gerageza ku [[Wikipedia:About the sandbox|rupapuro rw'igerageza]].</div></div> <div style="margin-top:10px;font-size:0.92em">[[Wikipedia:Community Portal|Urubuga rw'abanditsi]] · [[Special:RecentChanges|Impinduka ziheruka]] · [[Special:WantedPages|Ingingo zikenewe]]</div> </div> </div> <!-- ==== INGINGO ZIKUNZWE ==== --> <div style="flex:1 1 100%;min-width:0;box-sizing:border-box;background:var(--background-color-base,#fff);color:var(--color-base,#202122);border:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle,#dadde3);border-top:4px solid #00A1DE;border-radius:12px;padding:0.4em 1.2em 1em;box-shadow:0 2px 6px rgba(0,0,0,0.06)"> <h2 style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:1.25em;font-weight:700;border-bottom:none;margin:0.5em 0 0.6em;padding:0;color:#00A1DE">⭐ Ingingo zasomye cyane</h2> <div style="line-height:2.1"><span style="display:inline-block;margin:2px 3px;padding:2px 12px;border-radius:999px;background:var(--background-color-progressive-subtle,#eaf3ff);border:1px solid var(--border-color-progressive--hover,#a3c4f5)">[[Rwanda]]</span> <span style="display:inline-block;margin:2px 3px;padding:2px 12px;border-radius:999px;background:var(--background-color-progressive-subtle,#eaf3ff);border:1px solid var(--border-color-progressive--hover,#a3c4f5)">[[Imirenge y’u Rwanda]]</span> <span style="display:inline-block;margin:2px 3px;padding:2px 12px;border-radius:999px;background:var(--background-color-progressive-subtle,#eaf3ff);border:1px solid var(--border-color-progressive--hover,#a3c4f5)">[[Burundi]]</span> <span style="display:inline-block;margin:2px 3px;padding:2px 12px;border-radius:999px;background:var(--background-color-progressive-subtle,#eaf3ff);border:1px solid var(--border-color-progressive--hover,#a3c4f5)">[[Nijeriya]]</span> <span style="display:inline-block;margin:2px 3px;padding:2px 12px;border-radius:999px;background:var(--background-color-progressive-subtle,#eaf3ff);border:1px solid var(--border-color-progressive--hover,#a3c4f5)">[[Afurika y’Epfo]]</span> <span style="display:inline-block;margin:2px 3px;padding:2px 12px;border-radius:999px;background:var(--background-color-progressive-subtle,#eaf3ff);border:1px solid var(--border-color-progressive--hover,#a3c4f5)">[[Pariki ya Nyungwe]]</span> <span style="display:inline-block;margin:2px 3px;padding:2px 12px;border-radius:999px;background:var(--background-color-progressive-subtle,#eaf3ff);border:1px solid var(--border-color-progressive--hover,#a3c4f5)">[[Pariki y’Igihugu y’Ibirunga]]</span> <span style="display:inline-block;margin:2px 3px;padding:2px 12px;border-radius:999px;background:var(--background-color-progressive-subtle,#eaf3ff);border:1px solid var(--border-color-progressive--hover,#a3c4f5)">[[Ikiyaga cya Kivu]]</span> <span style="display:inline-block;margin:2px 3px;padding:2px 12px;border-radius:999px;background:var(--background-color-progressive-subtle,#eaf3ff);border:1px solid var(--border-color-progressive--hover,#a3c4f5)">[[Ingagi zo mu birunga]]</span> <span style="display:inline-block;margin:2px 3px;padding:2px 12px;border-radius:999px;background:var(--background-color-progressive-subtle,#eaf3ff);border:1px solid var(--border-color-progressive--hover,#a3c4f5)">[[Ikawa]]</span> <span style="display:inline-block;margin:2px 3px;padding:2px 12px;border-radius:999px;background:var(--background-color-progressive-subtle,#eaf3ff);border:1px solid var(--border-color-progressive--hover,#a3c4f5)">[[Ikinyarwanda]]</span> <span style="display:inline-block;margin:2px 3px;padding:2px 12px;border-radius:999px;background:var(--background-color-progressive-subtle,#eaf3ff);border:1px solid var(--border-color-progressive--hover,#a3c4f5)">[[Ikirundi]]</span> <span style="display:inline-block;margin:2px 3px;padding:2px 12px;border-radius:999px;background:var(--background-color-progressive-subtle,#eaf3ff);border:1px solid var(--border-color-progressive--hover,#a3c4f5)">[[Imigani migufi y’Ikinyarwanda]]</span> <span style="display:inline-block;margin:2px 3px;padding:2px 12px;border-radius:999px;background:var(--background-color-progressive-subtle,#eaf3ff);border:1px solid var(--border-color-progressive--hover,#a3c4f5)">[[Fred Rwigema]]</span> <span style="display:inline-block;margin:2px 3px;padding:2px 12px;border-radius:999px;background:var(--background-color-progressive-subtle,#eaf3ff);border:1px solid var(--border-color-progressive--hover,#a3c4f5)">[[Imihindagurikire y’ibihe]]</span> <span style="display:inline-block;margin:2px 3px;padding:2px 12px;border-radius:999px;background:var(--background-color-progressive-subtle,#eaf3ff);border:1px solid var(--border-color-progressive--hover,#a3c4f5)">[[SIDA]]</span> <span style="display:inline-block;margin:2px 3px;padding:2px 12px;border-radius:999px;background:var(--background-color-progressive-subtle,#eaf3ff);border:1px solid var(--border-color-progressive--hover,#a3c4f5)">[[Ubukirisitu]]</span> <span style="display:inline-block;margin:2px 3px;padding:2px 12px;border-radius:999px;background:var(--background-color-progressive-subtle,#eaf3ff);border:1px solid var(--border-color-progressive--hover,#a3c4f5)">[[Islamu]]</span></div> </div> <!-- ==== INGINGO ZIHERUTSE ==== --> <div style="flex:1 1 100%;min-width:0;box-sizing:border-box;background:var(--background-color-base,#fff);color:var(--color-base,#202122);border:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle,#dadde3);border-top:4px solid #3366CC;border-radius:12px;padding:0.4em 1.2em 1em;box-shadow:0 2px 6px rgba(0,0,0,0.06)"> <h2 style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:1.25em;font-weight:700;border-bottom:none;margin:0.5em 0 0.6em;padding:0;color:#3366CC">✨ Ingingo ziherutse <span class="plainlinks" style="font-size:0.7em;font-weight:normal">([{{fullurl:Intangiriro|action=purge}} <span style="color:#C99700;font-weight:600">⟳ Vugurura</span>])</span></h2> <templatestyles src="Inyandikorugero:Ingingo ziherutse/styles.css" /><div class="ingingo-ziherutse" style="max-height:11em;overflow-y:auto;column-width:18em;column-gap:2em;column-rule:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle,#dadde3);font-size:0.9em;line-height:1.5"> {{Special:NewPages|limit=30|namespace=0|hideredirs=1}} </div> <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Special:NewPages|Reba izindi ngingo ziherutse →]]</div> </div> <!-- ==== IMISHINGA YA WIKIMEDIA ==== --> <div style="flex:1 1 100%;min-width:0;box-sizing:border-box;background:var(--background-color-base,#fff);color:var(--color-base,#202122);border:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle,#dadde3);border-top:4px solid #72777d;border-radius:12px;padding:0.4em 1.2em 1em;box-shadow:0 2px 6px rgba(0,0,0,0.06);margin-top:16px"> <h2 style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:1.25em;font-weight:700;border-bottom:none;margin:0.5em 0 0.6em;padding:0;color:#54595d">🌐 Imishinga ifitanye isano na Wikipediya</h2> Wikipediya icungwa na [[Wikimedia Foundation|Fondasiyo ya Wikimediya]], umuryango udaharanira inyungu unacunga n'indi mishinga y'ubuntu: <div style="display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:4px 12px;margin-top:8px"> <div style="flex:1 1 210px;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;padding:6px 4px">[[Dosiye:Commons-logo.svg|36px|link=commons:|alt=Commons]]<div>'''[[commons:|Commons]]'''<br /><span style="font-size:0.88em;color:var(--color-subtle,#54595d)">Amafoto n’amajwi by’ubuntu</span></div></div> <div style="flex:1 1 210px;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;padding:6px 4px">[[Dosiye:Wikidata-logo.svg|36px|link=d:|alt=Wikidata]]<div>'''[[d:|Wikidata]]'''<br /><span style="font-size:0.88em;color:var(--color-subtle,#54595d)">Ububiko bw’amakuru</span></div></div> <div style="flex:1 1 210px;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;padding:6px 4px">[[Dosiye:Wiktionary-logo.svg|36px|link=wikt:|alt=Wiktionary]]<div>'''[[wikt:|Wiktionary]]'''<br /><span style="font-size:0.88em;color:var(--color-subtle,#54595d)">Inkoranyamagambo</span></div></div> <div style="flex:1 1 210px;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;padding:6px 4px">[[Dosiye:Wikiquote-logo.svg|36px|link=q:|alt=Wikiquote]]<div>'''[[q:|Wikiquote]]'''<br /><span style="font-size:0.88em;color:var(--color-subtle,#54595d)">Amagambo yavuzwe</span></div></div> <div style="flex:1 1 210px;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;padding:6px 4px">[[Dosiye:Wikibooks-logo.svg|36px|link=b:|alt=Wikibooks]]<div>'''[[b:|Wikibooks]]'''<br /><span style="font-size:0.88em;color:var(--color-subtle,#54595d)">Ibitabo by’ubuntu</span></div></div> <div style="flex:1 1 210px;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;padding:6px 4px">[[Dosiye:Wikisource-logo.svg|36px|link=s:|alt=Wikisource]]<div>'''[[s:|Wikisource]]'''<br /><span style="font-size:0.88em;color:var(--color-subtle,#54595d)">Inyandiko z’umwimerere</span></div></div> <div style="flex:1 1 210px;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;padding:6px 4px">[[Dosiye:Wikispecies-logo.svg|36px|link=species:|alt=Wikispecies]]<div>'''[[species:|Wikispecies]]'''<br /><span style="font-size:0.88em;color:var(--color-subtle,#54595d)">Ubwoko bw’ibinyabuzima</span></div></div> <div style="flex:1 1 210px;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;padding:6px 4px">[[Dosiye:Wikiversity logo 2017.svg|36px|link=v:|alt=Wikiversity]]<div>'''[[v:|Wikiversity]]'''<br /><span style="font-size:0.88em;color:var(--color-subtle,#54595d)">Kwiga ku buntu</span></div></div> <div style="flex:1 1 210px;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;padding:6px 4px">[[Dosiye:Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg|36px|link=voy:|alt=Wikivoyage]]<div>'''[[voy:|Wikivoyage]]'''<br /><span style="font-size:0.88em;color:var(--color-subtle,#54595d)">Ubuyobozi bw’ingendo</span></div></div> <div style="flex:1 1 210px;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;padding:6px 4px">[[Dosiye:Wikinews-logo.svg|36px|link=n:|alt=Wikinews]]<div>'''[[n:|Wikinews]]'''<br /><span style="font-size:0.88em;color:var(--color-subtle,#54595d)">Amakuru y’ubuntu</span></div></div> <div style="flex:1 1 210px;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;padding:6px 4px">[[Dosiye:Wikimedia Community Logo.svg|36px|link=m:|alt=Meta-Wiki]]<div>'''[[m:|Meta-Wiki]]'''<br /><span style="font-size:0.88em;color:var(--color-subtle,#54595d)">Guhuza imishinga</span></div></div> <div style="flex:1 1 210px;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;padding:6px 4px">[[Dosiye:MediaWiki-2020-icon.svg|36px|link=mw:|alt=MediaWiki]]<div>'''[[mw:|MediaWiki]]'''<br /><span style="font-size:0.88em;color:var(--color-subtle,#54595d)">Porogaramu ya wiki</span></div></div> </div> </div> <!-- ==== MU ZINDI NDIMI ==== --> <div style="text-align:center;margin:18px 0 6px;font-size:0.95em;color:var(--color-subtle,#54595d)">'''Wikipediya mu zindi ndimi:'''<br />[[:rn:|Ikirundi]] · [[:sw:|Igiswahili]] · [[:lg:|Luganda]] · [[:ln:|Lingala]] · [[:af:|Icyafurikansi]] · [[:ha:|Igihawusa]] · [[:ig:|Icyigibo]] · [[:wo:|Ikiwolofu]] · [[:ar:|Icyarabu]]<br />[[:fr:|Igifaransa]] · [[:en:|Icyongereza]] · [[:de:|Ikidage]] · [[:es:|Icyesipanyolo]] · [[:nl:|Igiholandi]]</div> rwing22h4ya8z0uxv4pr6qe4lhn63uq 148749 148730 2026-11-03T14:59:50Z Score Beethoven 11559 148749 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOTOC__ __NOEDITSECTION__ <!-- ==== IKAZE (HERO) ==== --> <div style="position:relative;overflow:hidden;border-radius:16px;padding:28px 24px 22px;color:#fff;background:linear-gradient(135deg,#0b5f8f 0%,#00A1DE 45%,#20603D 100%);box-shadow:0 4px 14px rgba(0,0,0,0.15)"> <div style="font-size:1.05em;opacity:0.95">Murakaza neza kuri</div> <div style="font-family:Georgia,'Linux Libertine','Times New Roman',serif;font-size:2.6em;line-height:1.15;font-weight:700;margin:4px 0">Wikipediya mu Kinyarwanda</div> <div style="font-size:1.08em;max-width:46em">Inkoranyabumenyi yubakwa n'abayikoresha, mu rurimi rwacu. Buri wese ashobora kuyisoma no kuyandikaho ku buntu.</div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-top:14px;padding:8px 16px;border-radius:10px;background:rgba(0,0,0,0.22);font-size:1.05em">Ubu ifite ingingo '''[[Special:Statistics|<span style="color:#fff">{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}</span>]]''' zanditswe mu Kinyarwanda</div> <div style="margin-top:14px"><span style="display:inline-block;margin:4px 3px;padding:5px 12px;border-radius:999px;background:rgba(255,255,255,0.18);border:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.45)">[[Special:Random|<span style="color:#fff">🎲 Ingingo zidasanzwe</span>]]</span><span style="display:inline-block;margin:4px 3px;padding:5px 12px;border-radius:999px;background:rgba(255,255,255,0.18);border:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.45)">[[Special:NewPages|<span style="color:#fff">🆕 Ingingo nshya</span>]]</span><span style="display:inline-block;margin:4px 3px;padding:5px 12px;border-radius:999px;background:rgba(255,255,255,0.18);border:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.45)">[[Special:Categories|<span style="color:#fff">🗂️ Ibyiciro</span>]]</span><span style="display:inline-block;margin:4px 3px;padding:5px 12px;border-radius:999px;background:rgba(255,255,255,0.18);border:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.45)">[[Special:CreateAccount|<span style="color:#fff">✍️ Fungura konti</span>]]</span></div> <div style="position:absolute;right:-30px;top:-30px;width:150px;height:150px;border-radius:50%;background:radial-gradient(circle,#FAD201 0%,rgba(250,210,1,0.55) 45%,rgba(250,210,1,0) 70%)"></div> </div> <div style="height:6px;border-radius:3px;margin-top:6px;background:linear-gradient(90deg,#00A1DE 0%,#00A1DE {{#expr:(5+({{#time:N|||1}}-1)*70/6) round 0}}%,#FAD201 {{#expr:(12+({{#time:N|||1}}-1)*70/6) round 0}}%,#FAD201 {{#expr:(17+({{#time:N|||1}}-1)*70/6) round 0}}%,#20603D {{#expr:(22+({{#time:N|||1}}-1)*70/6) round 0}}%,#20603D 100%)"></div> <!-- ==== IMBUGA (PORTAILS) ==== --> <div style="display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:16px;margin:16px 0"> <div style="flex:1 1 115px;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;padding:12px 6px;border-radius:12px;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle,#dadde3)">[[Dosiye:Circle-icons-brush-pencil.svg|48px|link=Wikipedia:Irembo/Ubugeni n'Ubumenyamuntu|alt=Ubugeni n'Ubumenyamuntu]]<div style="font-weight:700;margin-top:6px">[[Wikipedia:Irembo/Ubugeni n'Ubumenyamuntu|Ubugeni n'Ubumenyamuntu]]</div><div style="font-size:0.85em;color:var(--color-subtle,#54595d)">Ubuhanzi, amateka, indimi</div></div> <div style="flex:1 1 115px;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;padding:12px 6px;border-radius:12px;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle,#dadde3)">[[Dosiye:Circle-icons-genius.svg|48px|link=Wikipedia:Irembo/Ubumenyi|alt=Ubumenyi]]<div style="font-weight:700;margin-top:6px">[[Wikipedia:Irembo/Ubumenyi|Ubumenyi]]</div><div style="font-size:0.85em;color:var(--color-subtle,#54595d)">Ubumenyi bwimbitse n’ibintu karemano</div></div> <div style="flex:1 1 115px;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;padding:12px 6px;border-radius:12px;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle,#dadde3)">[[Dosiye:Circle-icons-news.svg|48px|link=Wikipedia:Irembo/Umuryango w'abantu|alt=Umuryango w'abantu]]<div style="font-weight:700;margin-top:6px">[[Wikipedia:Irembo/Umuryango w'abantu|Umuryango w'abantu]]</div><div style="font-size:0.85em;color:var(--color-subtle,#54595d)">Politiki, ubukungu, idini</div></div> <div style="flex:1 1 115px;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;padding:12px 6px;border-radius:12px;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle,#dadde3)">[[Dosiye:Circle-icons-gear.svg|48px|link=Wikipedia:Irembo/Ikoranabuhanga|alt=Ikoranabuhanga]]<div style="font-weight:700;margin-top:6px">[[Wikipedia:Irembo/Ikoranabuhanga|Ikoranabuhanga]]</div><div style="font-size:0.85em;color:var(--color-subtle,#54595d)">Mudasobwa, ubwubatsi, inganda</div></div> <div style="flex:1 1 115px;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;padding:12px 6px;border-radius:12px;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle,#dadde3)">[[Dosiye:Noto Emoji Oreo 1f3c0.svg|48px|link=Wikipedia:Irembo/Ubuzima n'imyidagaduro|alt=Ubuzima n'imyidagaduro]]<div style="font-weight:700;margin-top:6px">[[Wikipedia:Irembo/Ubuzima n'imyidagaduro|Ubuzima n'imyidagaduro]]</div><div style="font-size:0.85em;color:var(--color-subtle,#54595d)">Siporo, ibiryo, umuziki</div></div> </div> <!-- ==== INGINGO Y'ICYUMWERU + ISHUSHO ==== --> <div style="display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:16px;margin:16px 0"> <div style="flex:2 1 440px;min-width:0;box-sizing:border-box;display:flex;flex-direction:column;background:var(--background-color-base,#fff);color:var(--color-base,#202122);border:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle,#dadde3);border-top:4px solid #00A1DE;border-radius:12px;padding:0.4em 1.2em 1em;box-shadow:0 2px 6px rgba(0,0,0,0.06)"> <div> <h2 style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:1.25em;font-weight:700;border-bottom:none;margin:0.5em 0 0.6em;padding:0;color:#00A1DE">📖 Ingingo yatoranyijwe</h2> <!-- Ingingo zihinduka buri minota 20 (ingingo zifite amafoto gusa: ibiyaga, uturere, imirenge n'ibihugu bya Afurika) --> {{#switch: {{#expr: floor({{#time:U}} / 1200) mod 65 }} | 0 = [[Dosiye:Where tea meets primary rainforest in Nyungwe.jpg|right|180px|link=Pariki ya Nyungwe]] '''[[Pariki ya Nyungwe|Pariki y'Igihugu ya Nyungwe]]''' (izwi kandi nka Ishyamba rya Nyungwe) ni pariki iherereye mu majyepfo y'uburengerazuba bw'[[Rwanda|u Rwanda]], ku mupaka w'u Burundi, aho ikomereza muri Pariki ya Kibira. Ifite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 1 019, ikaba ari ryo shyamba rinini risigaye mu Rwanda, kandi ni rimwe mu mashyamba y'imvura ya kera kurusha ayandi muri Afurika. Kuva muri Nzeri 2023, iri ku rutonde rw'Umurage w'Isi wa UNESCO. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Pariki ya Nyungwe|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 1 = [[Dosiye:View of burera lake.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Ikiyaga cya Burera]] '''[[Ikiyaga cya Burera]]''' ni ikiyaga cyo mu majyaruguru y’u [[Rwanda]]. Kiri mu [[Akarere ka Burera]], hafi y’umupaka n’[[Ubugande]]. Ikiyaga cya Burera kiri hejuru y’[[Ikiyaga cya Ruhondo]]. Ibyo biyaga byombi byitwa ibiyaga by’impanga. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Ikiyaga cya Burera|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 2 = [[Dosiye:Lake Kivu at dawn.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Ikiyaga cya Kivu]] '''[[Ikiyaga cya Kivu]]''' ni kimwe mu biyaga bigari bya Afurika. Giherereye ku mupaka uhuza [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]] n'[[Rwanda|u Rwanda]], muri Albertine Rift, ishami ry'iburengerazuba rya Rift ya Afurika. Amazi yacyo asohoka mu ruzi rwa Ruzizi, rutemba rugana mu kiyaga cya Tanganyika. Uturere tw'u Rwanda dukora ku kiyaga ni Rubavu, Rusizi, Ngororero, Karongi na Nyamasheke. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Ikiyaga cya Kivu|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 3 = [[Dosiye:Lake Ruhondo exotic view 01.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Ikiyaga cya Ruhondo]] '''[[Ikiyaga cya Ruhondo]]''' ni ikiyaga cyo mu majyaruguru y'u [[Rwanda]]. Kiri mu [[Intara y’Amajyaruguru y’u Rwanda|Ntara y'Amajyaruguru]], hafi y'umujyi wa Musanze. Ikiyaga cya Ruhondo n'[[Ikiyaga cya Burera]] byitwa «ibiyaga by'impanga». <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Ikiyaga cya Ruhondo|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 4 = [[Dosiye:Mountain Sabyinyo.jpg|right|180px|link=Pariki y’Igihugu y’Ibirunga]] '''[[Pariki y’Igihugu y’Ibirunga|Pariki y'Igihugu y'Ibirunga]]''' ni pariki iherereye mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba bw'[[Rwanda|u Rwanda]], ku mupaka wa [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]] n'Ubugande. Irinda igice cy'u Rwanda cy'urunigi rw'ibirunga rwa Virunga, harimo ibirunga bitanu birimo [[Ikirunga cya Karisimbi|Karisimbi]] na Sabyinyo. Izwi cyane ku isi kubera [[Ingagi zo mu birunga|ingagi zo mu birunga]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Pariki y’Igihugu y’Ibirunga|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 5 = [[Dosiye:Lake Ihema.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Ikiyaga cy'Ihema]] '''Ikiyaga cy'Ihema''' ni ikiyaga cyo mu burasirazuba bw'u [[Rwanda]]. Kiri mu [[Akarere ka Kayonza]], mu majyepfo ya [[Pariki y'Akagera]]. Inkombe yacyo y'iburasirazuba ni umupaka w'u Rwanda na [[Tanzaniya]]. Ikiyaga cy'Ihema ni cyo kiyaga kinini muri Pariki y'Akagera. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Ikiyaga cy'Ihema|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 6 = [[Dosiye:Flag of Rwanda.svg|right|180px|link=Ikinyarwanda]] '''[[Ikinyarwanda]]''' ni ururimi gakondo rw'[[Rwanda|u Rwanda]]. Ijambo « ikinyarwanda » rishobora kandi gusobanura umuco n'imico ikomoka mu Rwanda. Kivugwa mu Rwanda no mu nkengero zarwo, cyane cyane mu burasirazuba bwa [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]] no mu majyepfo y'uburengerazuba bw'Ubugande. Gifitanye isano ya hafi n'[[Ikirundi]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Ikinyarwanda|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 7 = [[Dosiye:ISS006-E-24705 - View of Rwanda (cropped).jpg|right|180x140px|link=Ikiyaga cya Mugesera]] '''[[Ikiyaga cya Mugesera]]''' ni ikiyaga cyo mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]] y'u [[Rwanda]]. Kiri mu [[Akarere ka Ngoma]], mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba bwa [[Kigali]]. Gihana imbibi kandi n'[[Akarere ka Rwamagana]]. Ikiyaga cya Mugesera gifite ubuso bwa km² 39. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Ikiyaga cya Mugesera|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 8 = [[Dosiye:Traditional food from Rwanda.jpg|right|180px|link=Umuganura]] '''[[Umuganura]]''' ni umuhango nyarwanda wizihizwa ku wa Gatanu wa mbere w'ukwezi kwa Kanama, aho Abanyarwanda bizihiza ibyo bagezeho mu buhinzi, mu bworozi no mu burumbuke. Gukomera kuri uyu muhango ni ugusigasira umurage w'u Rwanda, kuko umuganura ukubiyemo indangagaciro zirimo kwishimira umusaruro, gukunda umurimo n'igihugu. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Umuganura|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 9 = [[Dosiye:ISS006-E-24705 - View of Rwanda (cropped Lake Sake).jpg|right|180x140px|link=Ikiyaga cya Sake]] '''[[Ikiyaga cya Sake]]''' ni ikiyaga cyo mu [[Rwanda]]. Giherereye mu [[Akarere ka Ngoma]], mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]]. Iki kiyaga gihana imbibi n'imirenge itatu: Sake, Jarama na Rukumberi. Ni ikiyaga gito kandi kidafite ubujyakuzimu burebure. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Ikiyaga cya Sake|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 10 = [[Dosiye:Honeybee landing on milkthistle02.jpg|right|180px|link=Uruyuki]] '''[[Uruyuki]]''' (ubuke: inzuki; mu kilatini: ''Apis'') ni agasimba k'inigwahabiri kadafite amagufwa, gafite umubiri ugizwe n'ibice bitatu: umutwe, igituza n'inda. Ku mutwe hariho uduhembe tubiri tuzifasha kumenya ibizikikije n'amaso manini abiri. Mu muzinga umwe hashobora kubamo ingabo zigera ku 1 500 zigaburirwa n'intazi. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Uruyuki|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 11 = [[Dosiye:Lakes of Burundi.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Ikiyaga cya Rweru]] '''[[Ikiyaga cya Rweru]]''' ni ikiyaga gihuriweho n'u [[Rwanda]] n'[[Uburundi|u Burundi]]. Kiri ku mupaka w'ibihugu byombi, muri [[Afurika]] yo hagati. Igice kinini cy'ikiyaga kiri mu Burundi. Amazi y'ikiyaga si maremare. Ikiyaga cya Rweru kiri mu biyaga byo mu kibaya cy'[[Umugezi wa Kagera|Akagera]] yo haruguru. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Ikiyaga cya Rweru|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 12 = [[Dosiye:Muhazi Lake.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Ikiyaga cya Muhazi]] '''[[Ikiyaga cya Muhazi]]''' ni ikiyaga kirekire giherereye mu burasirazuba bw'[[Rwanda|u Rwanda]]. Igice kinini cyacyo kiri mu Ntara y'Iburasirazuba, naho impera yacyo y'iburengerazuba igakora umupaka hagati y'Intara y'Amajyaruguru na [[Kigali]]. Ni ikibaya cyuzuyemo amazi kiryamye kuva iburasirazuba ugana iburengerazuba. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Ikiyaga cya Muhazi|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 13 = [[Dosiye:ISS012-E-17845 - View of Rwanda (cropped Lakes Nasho Cyambwe Mpanga).jpg|right|180x140px|link=Ikiyaga cya Nasho]] '''[[Ikiyaga cya Nasho]]''' ni ikiyaga cyo mu burasirazuba bw'[[Rwanda|u Rwanda]]. Giherereye mu [[Umurenge wa Ndego|Murenge wa Ndego]], mu [[Akarere ka Kayonza]], mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba|Ntara y'Iburasirazuba]]. Ikiyaga cya Nasho gifite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 13,7. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Ikiyaga cya Nasho|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 14 = [[Dosiye:Maasai boys in hunting gear.jpg|right|180px|link=Abamasayi]] '''[[Abamasayi]]''' ni ubwoko bw'abantu batuye mu majyaruguru, hagati no mu majyepfo ya Kenya, no mu majyaruguru ya Tanzaniya. Bari mu baturage bazwi cyane ku rwego mpuzamahanga, bitewe n'aho batuye hafi ya pariki nyinshi zo mu karere k'Ibiyaga Bigari bya Afurika, n'imigenzo yabo, imyambarire n'imitako byabo bwite. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Abamasayi|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 15 = [[Dosiye:Lac Cohoha (redressé et recadré).jpg|right|180x140px|link=Ikiyaga cya Cohoha]] '''Ikiyaga cya Cyohoha y'Amajyepfo''' (mu Burundi: Cohoha) ni ikiyaga gihuriweho n'u [[Rwanda]] n'[[Uburundi|u Burundi]]. Kiri ku mupaka uhuza amajyepfo y'u Rwanda n'amajyaruguru y'u Burundi, mu gace ka Bugesera. Ikiyaga kigenda kigabanuka. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Ikiyaga cya Cohoha|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 16 = [[Dosiye:ISS012-E-17842 - View of Burundi (cropped Lake Cyohoha North).jpg|right|180x140px|link=Ikiyaga cya Cyohoha y'amajyaruguru]] '''Ikiyaga cya Cyohoha y'amajyaruguru''' ni ikiyaga cyo mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]] y'u [[Rwanda]]. Kiri mu [[Akarere ka Bugesera]]. Kiri mu majyaruguru y'[[Ikiyaga cya Cohoha|Ikiyaga cya Cyohoha y'amajyepfo]]. Ikiyaga cya Cyohoha y'amajyaruguru cyakamye hafi ya cyose mu ntangiriro z'imyaka ya 2000. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Ikiyaga cya Cyohoha y'amajyaruguru|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 17 = [[Dosiye:The Mihindi Lake - Flickr - askmeaks.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Ikiyaga cya Mihindi]] '''[[Ikiyaga cya Mihindi]]''' ni ikiyaga cyo mu burasirazuba bw'u [[Rwanda]]. Kiri muri [[Pariki y'Akagera|Pariki y'Igihugu y'Akagera]], mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba|Ntara y'Iburasirazuba]]. Kiri hafi y'umupaka wa [[Tanzaniya]]. Ikiyaga cya Mihindi gifite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 10,9. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Ikiyaga cya Mihindi|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 18 = [[Dosiye:Bisoke Crater View.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Ikiyaga cya Bisoke]] '''[[Ikiyaga cya Bisoke]]''' ni ikiyaga kiri ku gasongero k'[[Ikirunga cya Bisoke]], mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba bw'[[Rwanda|u Rwanda]]. Ni ikiyaga kiri mu mwobo w'ikirunga (''crater lake''). Ikiyaga cya Bisoke ni hamwe mu hantu nyaburanga mu Rwanda. Ba mukerarugendo benshi barakizamuka kugira ngo bakirebe. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Ikiyaga cya Bisoke|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 19 = [[Dosiye:ISS006-E-24705 - View of Rwanda (cropped Lake Birira).jpg|right|180x140px|link=Ikiyaga cya Birira]] '''[[Ikiyaga cya Birira]]''' ni ikiyaga cyo mu [[Rwanda]]. Giherereye mu [[Akarere ka Ngoma]], mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]]. Ikiyaga cya Birira kiri mu biyaga byo mu kibaya cy'[[Umugezi wa Kagera|Akagera]] yo haruguru. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Ikiyaga cya Birira|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 20 = [[Dosiye:Lake view at gashora.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Bugesera]] '''[[Akarere ka Bugesera]]''' ni kamwe mu turere turindwi tugize Intara y'Iburasirazuba mu Rwanda. Gaherereye mu majyepfo y'iburasirazuba bw'u Rwanda. Gahana imbibi n'Uburundi. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Bugesera|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 21 = [[Dosiye:Lake Burera in Rwanda.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Burera]] '''[[Akarere ka Burera]]''' ni kamwe mu turere dutanu tugize Intara y'Amajyaruguru mu Rwanda. Gahana imbibi na Uganda. Gafite ubuso bwa 644,5 km² n'abaturage 387 729. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Burera|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 22 = [[Dosiye:GAKENKE District.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Gakenke]] '''[[Akarere ka Gakenke]]''' ni kamwe mu turere dutanu tugize Intara y'Amajyaruguru mu Rwanda. Gafite ubuso bwa 704,06 km² n'abaturage 365 292. Kagizwe n'imirenge 19. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Gakenke|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 23 = [[Dosiye:KIGALI city view.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Gasabo]] '''[[Akarere ka Gasabo]]''' ni kamwe mu turere dutatu tugize Umujyi wa Kigali, mu Rwanda. Gafite ubuso bwa 430,3 km² n'abaturage 879 505. Kagizwe n'imirenge 15. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Gasabo|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 24 = [[Dosiye:Rwanda Mountain at Gatsibo.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Gatsibo]] '''[[Akarere ka Gatsibo]]''' ni kamwe mu turere turindwi tugize Intara y'Iburasirazuba mu Rwanda. Gaherereye iburasirazuba bw'Intara. Gafite ubuso bwa 1 585,3 km² n'abaturage 551 164. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Gatsibo|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 25 = [[Dosiye:Uruganda rw'icyayi rwo ku mulindi.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Gicumbi]] '''[[Akarere ka Gicumbi]]''' ni kamwe mu turere dutanu tugize Intara y'Amajyaruguru mu Rwanda. Gaherereye mu burasirazuba bw'iyi ntara. Umujyi wako mukuru ni Byumba. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Gicumbi|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 26 = [[Dosiye:KabuyeGenocideMemorial12.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Gisagara]] '''[[Akarere ka Gisagara]]''' ni kamwe mu turere umunani tugize Intara y'Amajyepfo mu Rwanda. Gahana imbibi n'Uburundi. Gafite ubuso bwa 679 km² n'abaturage 397 051. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Gisagara|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 27 = [[Dosiye:Arboretum of Ruhande in Rwanda.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Huye]] '''[[Akarere ka Huye]]''' ni kamwe mu turere umunani tugize Intara y'Amajyepfo mu Rwanda. Gafite ubuso bwa 581,5 km² n'abaturage 381 900. Kagizwe n'imirenge 14. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Huye|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 28 = [[Dosiye:A view of Nyabarongo river.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Kamonyi]] '''[[Akarere ka Kamonyi]]''' ni kamwe mu turere umunani tugize Intara y'Amajyepfo mu Rwanda. Gafite ubuso bwa 655,5 km² n'abaturage 450 849. Kagizwe n'imirenge 12. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Kamonyi|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 29 = [[Dosiye:Kibuye view.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Karongi]] '''[[Akarere ka Karongi]]''' ni kamwe mu turere turindwi tugize Intara y'Uburengerazuba mu Rwanda. Kari ku Ikiyaga cya Kivu. Gafite ubuso bwa 993 km² n'abaturage 373 869. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Karongi|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 30 = [[Dosiye:Wild sunset.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Kayonza]] '''[[Akarere ka Kayonza]]''' ni kamwe mu turere turindwi tugize Intara y'Iburasirazuba mu Rwanda. Gafite ubuso bwa 1 935 km² n'abaturage 457 156. Kagizwe n'imirenge 12. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Kayonza|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 31 = [[Dosiye:Gahanga Cricket Oval in Kicukiro.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Kicukiro]] '''[[Akarere ka Kicukiro]]''' ni kamwe mu turere dutatu tugize Umujyi wa Kigali, mu Rwanda. Gafite ubuso bwa 166,7 km² n'abaturage 491 731. Kagizwe n'imirenge 10. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Kicukiro|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 32 = [[Dosiye:ICYUZI.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Kirehe]] '''[[Akarere ka Kirehe]]''' ni kamwe mu turere turindwi tugize Intara y'Iburasirazuba mu Rwanda. Gaherereye mu majyepfo y'iburasirazuba bw'u Rwanda. Gafite ubuso bwa 1 118,5 km² n'abaturage 460 860. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Kirehe|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 33 = [[Dosiye:Kabgayi Basilica Catholic Church.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Muhanga]] '''[[Akarere ka Muhanga]]''' ni kamwe mu turere umunani tugize Intara y'Amajyepfo mu Rwanda. Gafite ubuso bwa 647,7 km² n'abaturage 369 491. Kagizwe n'imirenge 12. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Muhanga|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 34 = [[Dosiye:Sholi horizon (cropped).jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Ngoma]] '''[[Akarere ka Ngoma]]''' ni kamwe mu turere turindwi tugize Intara y'Iburasirazuba mu Rwanda. Ibiro byako biri i Kibungo. Gafite ubuso bwa 867,74 km² n'abaturage 404 048. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Ngoma|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 35 = [[Dosiye:Ibyiza bitatse akarere ka Ngororero (cropped).jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Ngororero]] '''[[Akarere ka Ngororero]]''' ni kamwe mu turere turindwi tugize Intara y'Uburengerazuba mu Rwanda. Kagizwe n'imisozi miremire n'ibibaya. Gafite ubuso bwa 679 km² n'abaturage 367 955. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Ngororero|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 36 = [[Dosiye:Gusarura Icyayi.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Nyabihu]] '''[[Akarere ka Nyabihu]]''' ni kamwe mu turere turindwi tugize Intara y'Uburengerazuba mu Rwanda. Ibiro byako biri mu Murenge wa Mukamira. Gafite ubuso bwa 531,5 km² n'abaturage 319 047. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Nyabihu|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 37 = [[Dosiye:Vache de Nyagatare 3.JPG|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Nyagatare]] '''[[Akarere ka Nyagatare]]''' ni kamwe mu turere turindwi tugize Intara y'Iburasirazuba mu Rwanda. Gahana imbibi na Ubugande na Tanzaniya. Gafite ubuso bwa 1 919 km² n'abaturage 653 861. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Nyagatare|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 38 = [[Dosiye:Hills of Nyamagabe in Rwanda.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Nyamagabe]] '''[[Akarere ka Nyamagabe]]''' ni kamwe mu turere umunani tugize Intara y'Amajyepfo mu Rwanda. Gafite ubuso bwa 1 090 km² n'abaturage 371 501. Kagizwe n'imirenge 17. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Nyamagabe|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 39 = [[Dosiye:Lake kivu.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Nyamasheke]] '''[[Akarere ka Nyamasheke]]''' ni kamwe mu turere turindwi tugize Intara y'Uburengerazuba mu Rwanda. Kari ku Ikiyaga cya Kivu. Gafite ubuso bwa 1 174 km² n'abaturage 434 221. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Nyamasheke|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 40 = [[Dosiye:King's palace in Nyanza.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Nyanza]] '''[[Akarere ka Nyanza]]''' ni kamwe mu turere umunani tugize Intara y'Amajyepfo mu Rwanda. Kazwi nk'igicumbi cy'umuco n'amateka by'u Rwanda. Gafite ubuso bwa 671,2 km² n'abaturage 365 718. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Nyanza|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 41 = [[Dosiye:Nyabarongo River and its surrounding mountain in Rwanda.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Nyarugenge]] '''[[Akarere ka Nyarugenge]]''' ni kamwe mu turere dutatu tugize Umujyi wa Kigali, mu Rwanda. Gafite ubuso bwa 134 km² n'abaturage 374 319. Kagizwe n'imirenge 10. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Nyarugenge|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 42 = [[Dosiye:Icyayi cya.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Nyaruguru]] '''[[Akarere ka Nyaruguru]]''' ni kamwe mu turere umunani tugize Intara y'Amajyepfo mu Rwanda. Gahana imbibi n'Uburundi. Gafite ubuso bwa 1 010 km² n'abaturage 318 126. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Nyaruguru|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 43 = [[Dosiye:Kivu,Goma and Rubavu On Rwanda Side.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Rubavu]] '''[[Akarere ka Rubavu]]''' ni kamwe mu turere turindwi tugize Intara y'Uburengerazuba mu Rwanda. Kari ku Ikiyaga cya Kivu, ku mupaka na Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo. Gafite ubuso bwa 388,3 km² n'abaturage 546 683. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Rubavu|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 44 = [[Dosiye:Morning fogs (cropped).jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Ruhango]] '''[[Akarere ka Ruhango]]''' ni kamwe mu turere umunani tugize Intara y'Amajyepfo mu Rwanda. Gafite ubuso bwa 628,8 km² n'abaturage 359 121. Kagizwe n'imirenge 9. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Ruhango|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 45 = [[Dosiye:Ikirenge museum Rulindo.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Rulindo]] '''[[Akarere ka Rulindo]]''' ni kamwe mu turere dutanu tugize Intara y'Amajyaruguru mu Rwanda. Gafite ubuso bwa 567 km² n'abaturage 360 144. Kagizwe n'imirenge 17. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Rulindo|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 46 = [[Dosiye:Rwandan beautifull hills at Cyangugu, cfrt 0783095816.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Rusizi]] '''[[Akarere ka Rusizi]]''' ni kamwe mu turere turindwi tugize Intara y'Uburengerazuba mu Rwanda. Kari ku Ikiyaga cya Kivu. Gahana imbibi n'Uburundi na Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Rusizi|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 47 = [[Dosiye:The 3rd beautiful Rwandan Bridge to prosperity at Rutsiro district, cfr 0788836386.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Rutsiro]] '''[[Akarere ka Rutsiro]]''' ni kamwe mu turere turindwi tugize Intara y'Uburengerazuba mu Rwanda. Kari ku Ikiyaga cya Kivu. Gafite ubuso bwa 1 157,3 km² n'abaturage 369 180. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Rutsiro|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 48 = [[Dosiye:RwamaganaChurch.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Rwamagana]] '''[[Akarere ka Rwamagana]]''' ni kamwe mu turere turindwi tugize Intara y'Iburasirazuba mu Rwanda. Ni ko karimo icyicaro cy'Intara. Umujyi mukuru wako ni Rwamagana. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Rwamagana|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 49 = [[Dosiye:Des barques au port de pêche de Cotonou au Bénin.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Bene]] '''[[Bene]]''' (izina ryemewe: Repubulika ya Bene; mu Igifaransa: Bénin) ni igihugu cyo muri Afurika y'Iburengerazuba. Mbere y'umwaka wa 1975, Bene yitwaga Dahomey. Umurwa mukuru ni Porto-Novo. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Bene|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 50 = [[Dosiye:Mount Cameroon, Buea in the wee hours of a clear morning.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Kameruni]] '''[[Kameruni]]''' (izina ryemewe: Repubulika ya Kameruni; mu Igifaransa: Cameroun; mu Icyongereza: Cameroon) ni igihugu cyo muri Afurika. Umurwa mukuru ni Yaoundé. Indimi zemewe ni Igifaransa n'Icyongereza. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Kameruni|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 51 = [[Dosiye:Port of Malabo 1.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Gineya Ekwatoriyale]] '''[[Gineya Ekwatoriyale]]''' (izina ryemewe: Repubulika ya Gineya Ekwatoriyale; mu Icyesipanyole: Guinea Ecuatorial; mu Igifaransa: Guinée équatoriale) ni igihugu cyo muri Afurika. Kiri ku nkombe y'iburengerazuba bwa Afurika. Kigizwe n'igice kiri ku mugabane n'ibirwa bitanu. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Gineya Ekwatoriyale|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 52 = [[Dosiye:Mount Kenya.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Kenya]] '''[[Kenya]]''' (izina ryemewe: Repubulika ya Kenya; mu Igiswahili: Jamhuri ya Kenya; mu Icyongereza: Republic of Kenya) ni igihugu cyo muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba. Umurwa mukuru ni Nairobi. Indimi zemewe ni Igiswahili n'Icyongereza. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Kenya|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 53 = [[Dosiye:Katse Dam.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Lesoto]] '''[[Lesoto]]''' (izina ryemewe: Ubwami bwa Lesoto; mu Gisotho: 'Muso oa Lesotho; mu Icyongereza: Kingdom of Lesotho) ni igihugu cyo muri Afurika y'Amajyepfo. Kizengurutswe na Afurika y’Epfo impande zose. Umurwa mukuru ni Maseru. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Lesoto|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 54 = [[Dosiye:Downtown Monrovia 3348917715 67a2002529.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Liberiya]] '''[[Liberiya]]''' (izina ryemewe: Repubulika ya Liberiya; mu Icyongereza: Republic of Liberia) ni igihugu cyo muri Afurika y'Iburengerazuba. Umurwa mukuru ni Monrovia. Ururimi rwemewe ni Icyongereza. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Liberiya|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 55 = [[Dosiye:Tripoli Skyline edit.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Libiya]] '''[[Libiya]]''' (mu Icyarabu: ليبيا) ni igihugu cyo muri Afurika y'Amajyaruguru. Umurwa mukuru ni Tripoli. Ururimi rwemewe ni Icyarabu. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Libiya|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 56 = [[Dosiye:Allée des Baobabs near Morondava, Madagascar.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Madagasikari]] '''[[Madagasikari]]''' (izina ryemewe: Repubulika ya Madagasikari; mu Kimaragasi: Repoblikan'i Madagasikara; mu Igifaransa: République de Madagascar) ni igihugu kiri ku kirwa mu Nyanja y'Abahinde. Kiri hafi y'inkombe y'amajyepfo y'uburasirazuba bwa Afurika. Umurwa mukuru ni Antananarivo. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Madagasikari|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 57 = [[Dosiye:Ilala on malawi lake.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Malawi]] '''[[Malawi]]''' (izina ryemewe: Repubulika ya Malawi; mu Igicewa: Malaŵi; mu Icyongereza: Republic of Malawi) ni igihugu cyo muri Afurika y'Amajyepfo y'Iburasirazuba. Ntigikora ku nyanja. Umurwa mukuru ni Lilongwe. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Malawi|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 58 = [[Dosiye:MaliDjennéMosquée.JPG|right|180x140px|link=Mali]] '''[[Mali]]''' (izina ryemewe: Repubulika ya Mali; mu Igifaransa: République du Mali; mu Kibambara: Mali ka Fasojamana) ni igihugu cyo muri Afurika y'Iburengerazuba. Mali ntikora ku nyanja. Umurwa mukuru wayo ni Bamako. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Mali|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 59 = [[Dosiye:All Gizah Pyramids.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Misiri]] '''[[Misiri]]''' (izina ryemewe: Repubulika y'Abarabu ya Misiri; mu Icyarabu: مصر) ni igihugu kiri mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba bwa Afurika. Umurwa mukuru ni Kayiro. Ururimi rwemewe ni Icyarabu. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Misiri|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 60 = [[Dosiye:Nouakchott,AlKhaima.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Moritaniya]] '''[[Moritaniya]]''' (izina ryemewe: Repubulika ya Kisilamu ya Moritaniya; mu Icyarabu: موريتانيا) ni igihugu kiri ku nkombe ya Atalantika muri Afurika. Umurwa mukuru ni Nouakchott. Ururimi rwemewe ni Icyarabu. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Moritaniya|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 61 = [[Dosiye:Mauritius 23.08.2009 11-42-31.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Morise]] '''[[Morise]]''' (izina ryemewe: Repubulika ya Morise; mu Icyongereza: Republic of Mauritius; mu Gikerewole cya Morise: Republik Moris; mu Igifaransa: République de Maurice) ni igihugu kigizwe n'ibirwa mu Nyanja y'Ubuhinde. Kiri mu burasirazuba bwa Madagasikari. Umurwa mukuru wacyo ni Port Louis. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Morise|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 62 = [[Dosiye:Tour Hassan-Rabat cropped.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Maroke]] '''[[Maroke]]''' (izina ryemewe: Ubwami bwa Maroke; mu Icyarabu: المملكة المغربية; mu Igifaransa: Royaume du Maroc) ni igihugu cyo muri Afurika y'Amajyaruguru. Kiri hakurya y'Umuhora wa Gibraltar, imbere ya Esipanye. Umurwa mukuru ni Rabat. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Maroke|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 63 = [[Dosiye:Mozambique - traditional sailboat.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Mozambike]] '''[[Mozambike]]''' (izina ryemewe: Repubulika ya Mozambike; mu Igiporutigali: República de Moçambique) ni igihugu cyo muri Afurika y'Amajyepfo y'Iburasirazuba. Umurwa mukuru ni Maputo. Ururimi rwemewe ni Igiporutigali. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Mozambike|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 64 = [[Dosiye:Sossusvlei, Namibia, 2018-08-06, DD 017.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Namibiya]] '''[[Namibiya]]''' (izina ryemewe: Repubulika ya Namibiya; mu Icyongereza: Republic of Namibia) ni igihugu kiri ku nkombe y'amajyepfo y'uburengerazuba bwa Afurika. Umurwa mukuru ni Windhoek. Ururimi rwemewe ni Icyongereza. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Namibiya|Soma byinshi →]]</div> }} <div style="border-top:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle,#dadde3);margin-top:1em;padding-top:0.9em"> <div style="font-size:0.9em;font-weight:700;color:#20603D;margin-bottom:0.4em">🌺 Ibimera n'indabo byo mu Rwanda</div> {{Intangiriro/Ibimera|ingingo}} </div> </div><!-- Ibindi bimera: byuzuza umwanya usigaye iruhande rw'ishusho; ibitagiramo umwanya birahishwa --> <div style="flex:1 1 0;min-height:0;display:flex;flex-direction:column;flex-wrap:wrap;align-content:flex-start;overflow:hidden"> <div style="width:100%;box-sizing:border-box;overflow:hidden;border-top:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle,#dadde3);margin-top:1em;padding-top:0.9em"> {{Intangiriro/Ibimera|ingingo|1}} </div> <div style="width:100%;box-sizing:border-box;overflow:hidden;border-top:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle,#dadde3);margin-top:1em;padding-top:0.9em"> {{Intangiriro/Ibimera|ingingo|2}} </div> <div style="width:100%;box-sizing:border-box;overflow:hidden;border-top:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle,#dadde3);margin-top:1em;padding-top:0.9em"> {{Intangiriro/Ibimera|ingingo|3}} </div> <div style="width:100%;box-sizing:border-box;overflow:hidden;border-top:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle,#dadde3);margin-top:1em;padding-top:0.9em"> {{Intangiriro/Ibimera|ingingo|4}} </div> </div> </div> <div style="flex:1 1 260px;min-width:0;box-sizing:border-box;background:var(--background-color-base,#fff);color:var(--color-base,#202122);border:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle,#dadde3);border-top:4px solid #C99A00;border-radius:12px;padding:0.4em 1.2em 1em;box-shadow:0 2px 6px rgba(0,0,0,0.06)"> <h2 style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:1.25em;font-weight:700;border-bottom:none;margin:0.5em 0 0.6em;padding:0;color:#C99A00">📷 Ishusho y'icyumweru</h2> <div style="overflow:hidden"> {{#switch: {{#expr: {{CURRENTWEEK}} mod 8 }} | 0 = [[Dosiye:NYUNGWE CLOUDS.jpg|center|frameless|upright=1.6|alt=Ibicu hejuru y'ishyamba rya Nyungwe]] <div style="text-align:center;font-size:0.95em;margin-top:0.5em">Ibicu hejuru y'ishyamba rya [[Pariki ya Nyungwe|Nyungwe]]</div> | 1 = [[Dosiye:Mountain gorilla (Gorilla beringei beringei) female 2.jpg|center|frameless|upright=1.6|alt=Ingagi y'ingore yo mu birunga (Gorilla beringei beringei) — reba Ingagi zo mu birunga]] <div style="text-align:center;font-size:0.95em;margin-top:0.5em">Ingagi y'ingore yo mu birunga (''Gorilla beringei beringei'') — reba [[Ingagi zo mu birunga]]</div> | 2 = [[Dosiye:Lake Kivu at dawn.jpg|center|frameless|upright=1.6|alt=Umuseke ku Ikiyaga cya Kivu]] <div style="text-align:center;font-size:0.95em;margin-top:0.5em">Umuseke ku [[Ikiyaga cya Kivu]]</div> | 3 = [[Dosiye:Golden monkey (Cercopithecus kandti) eating.jpg|center|frameless|upright=1.6|alt=Inkende y'izahabu (Cercopithecus kandti) irya]] <div style="text-align:center;font-size:0.95em;margin-top:0.5em">Inkende y'izahabu (''Cercopithecus kandti'') irya</div> | 4 = [[Dosiye:Mountain Sabyinyo.jpg|center|frameless|upright=1.6|alt=Ikirunga cya Sabyinyo muri Pariki y’Igihugu y’Ibirunga]] <div style="text-align:center;font-size:0.95em;margin-top:0.5em">Ikirunga cya Sabyinyo muri [[Pariki y’Igihugu y’Ibirunga]]</div> | 5 = [[Dosiye:Rough chameleon (Trioceros rudis).jpg|center|frameless|upright=1.6|alt=Uruvu (Trioceros rudis) rwo mu Rwanda]] <div style="text-align:center;font-size:0.95em;margin-top:0.5em">Uruvu (''Trioceros rudis'') rwo mu Rwanda</div> | 6 = [[Dosiye:Where tea meets primary rainforest in Nyungwe.jpg|center|frameless|upright=1.6|alt=Aho imirima y'icyayi ihurira n'ishyamba rya Nyungwe]] <div style="text-align:center;font-size:0.95em;margin-top:0.5em">Aho imirima y'icyayi ihurira n'ishyamba rya [[Pariki ya Nyungwe|Nyungwe]]</div> | 7 = [[Dosiye:Mountain gorilla (Gorilla beringei beringei) yawn.jpg|center|frameless|upright=1.6|alt=Ingagi yo mu birunga yasamye]] <div style="text-align:center;font-size:0.95em;margin-top:0.5em">Ingagi yo mu birunga yasamye</div> }} <div style="border-top:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle,#dadde3);margin-top:1em;padding-top:0.9em"> <div style="font-size:0.9em;font-weight:700;color:#20603D;margin-bottom:0.4em;text-align:center">🌺 Ibimera n'indabo byo mu Rwanda</div> {{Intangiriro/Ibimera|ishusho}} </div> </div> </div> </div> <!-- ==== WARI UZI KO + FASHA ==== --> <div style="display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:16px;margin:16px 0"> <div style="flex:1 1 440px;min-width:0;box-sizing:border-box;background:var(--background-color-base,#fff);color:var(--color-base,#202122);border:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle,#dadde3);border-top:4px solid #20603D;border-radius:12px;padding:0.4em 1.2em 1em;box-shadow:0 2px 6px rgba(0,0,0,0.06)"> <h2 style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:1.25em;font-weight:700;border-bottom:none;margin:0.5em 0 0.6em;padding:0;color:#20603D">💡 Wari uzi ko…</h2> {{#ifexpr: {{#expr: {{CURRENTWEEK}} mod 2 }} = 0 | * … ko '''[[Pariki ya Nyungwe]]''' ari ryo shyamba rinini risigaye mu Rwanda, rifite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 1 019? * … ko '''[[Umuganura]]''' wizihizwa ku wa Gatanu wa mbere w'ukwezi kwa Kanama? * … ko '''[[Pariki y’Igihugu y’Ibirunga]]''' irinda ibirunga bitanu by'urunigi rwa Virunga? * … ko '''[[Ikinyarwanda]]''' kivugwa no mu burasirazuba bwa [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]]? * … ko '''[[Ikirunga cya Karisimbi|Karisimbi]]''' ari cyo kirunga kirekire kurusha ibindi mu birunga bya Virunga, gifite metero 4 507? * … ko '''[[Ikinyarwanda]]''' gifitanye isano ya hafi n'[[Ikirundi]]? * … ko '''[[Ikiyaga cya Kivu]]''' kiri ku mupaka uhuza [[Rwanda|u Rwanda]] na [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]]? | * … ko kuva muri Nzeri 2023 '''[[Pariki ya Nyungwe|Nyungwe]]''' iri ku rutonde rw'Umurage w'Isi wa UNESCO? * … ko amazi y''''[[Ikiyaga cya Kivu]]''' asohoka mu ruzi rwa Ruzizi, akajya mu kiyaga cya Tanganyika? * … ko mu muzinga umwe w''''[[Uruyuki|inzuki]]''' hashobora kubamo ingabo zigera ku 1 500 zigaburirwa n'intazi? * … ko '''[[Ingagi zo mu birunga]]''' ziri mu bwoko bw'inyamaswa buri gucika cyane ku isi? * … ko '''[[Ikiyaga cya Muhazi]]''' ari ikiyaga kirekire giherereye mu burasirazuba bw'[[Rwanda|u Rwanda]]? * … ko '''[[Abamasayi]]''' batuye muri Kenya no mu majyaruguru ya Tanzaniya? * … ko uturere tw'u Rwanda dukora ku '''[[Ikiyaga cya Kivu]]''' ari Rubavu, Rusizi, Ngororero, Karongi na Nyamasheke? }} </div> <div style="flex:1 1 320px;min-width:0;box-sizing:border-box;background:var(--background-color-base,#fff);color:var(--color-base,#202122);border:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle,#dadde3);border-top:4px solid #7A4BB0;border-radius:12px;padding:0.4em 1.2em 1em;box-shadow:0 2px 6px rgba(0,0,0,0.06)"> <h2 style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:1.25em;font-weight:700;border-bottom:none;margin:0.5em 0 0.6em;padding:0;color:#7A4BB0">🤝 Fasha Wikipediya</h2> Wikipediya mu Kinyarwanda ikeneye abanditsi! Ushobora gutangira uyu munsi: <div style="display:flex;gap:10px;align-items:flex-start;margin:8px 0"><span style="flex:0 0 26px;height:26px;line-height:26px;text-align:center;border-radius:50%;background:#20603D;color:#fff;font-weight:700">1</span><div>[[Special:CreateAccount|Fungura konti]] ku buntu (si itegeko, ariko birafasha).</div></div> <div style="display:flex;gap:10px;align-items:flex-start;margin:8px 0"><span style="flex:0 0 26px;height:26px;line-height:26px;text-align:center;border-radius:50%;background:#20603D;color:#fff;font-weight:700">2</span><div>Kosora amakosa, wongere amakuru n'[[Ubufasha:Footnotes|inkomoko]] mu ngingo zisanzwe.</div></div> <div style="display:flex;gap:10px;align-items:flex-start;margin:8px 0"><span style="flex:0 0 26px;height:26px;line-height:26px;text-align:center;border-radius:50%;background:#20603D;color:#fff;font-weight:700">3</span><div>Hindura ingingo ziva mu zindi ndimi ukoresheje [[Special:ContentTranslation|igikoresho cyo guhindura]].</div></div> <div style="display:flex;gap:10px;align-items:flex-start;margin:8px 0"><span style="flex:0 0 26px;height:26px;line-height:26px;text-align:center;border-radius:50%;background:#20603D;color:#fff;font-weight:700">4</span><div>Kwitoza mbere: gerageza ku [[Wikipedia:About the sandbox|rupapuro rw'igerageza]].</div></div> <div style="margin-top:10px;font-size:0.92em">[[Wikipedia:Community Portal|Urubuga rw'abanditsi]] · [[Special:RecentChanges|Impinduka ziheruka]] · [[Special:WantedPages|Ingingo zikenewe]]</div> </div> </div> <!-- ==== INGINGO ZIKUNZWE ==== --> <div style="flex:1 1 100%;min-width:0;box-sizing:border-box;background:var(--background-color-base,#fff);color:var(--color-base,#202122);border:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle,#dadde3);border-top:4px solid #00A1DE;border-radius:12px;padding:0.4em 1.2em 1em;box-shadow:0 2px 6px rgba(0,0,0,0.06)"> <h2 style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:1.25em;font-weight:700;border-bottom:none;margin:0.5em 0 0.6em;padding:0;color:#00A1DE">⭐ Ingingo zasomye cyane</h2> <div style="line-height:2.1"><span style="display:inline-block;margin:2px 3px;padding:2px 12px;border-radius:999px;background:var(--background-color-progressive-subtle,#eaf3ff);border:1px solid var(--border-color-progressive--hover,#a3c4f5)">[[Rwanda]]</span> <span style="display:inline-block;margin:2px 3px;padding:2px 12px;border-radius:999px;background:var(--background-color-progressive-subtle,#eaf3ff);border:1px solid var(--border-color-progressive--hover,#a3c4f5)">[[Imirenge y’u Rwanda]]</span> <span style="display:inline-block;margin:2px 3px;padding:2px 12px;border-radius:999px;background:var(--background-color-progressive-subtle,#eaf3ff);border:1px solid var(--border-color-progressive--hover,#a3c4f5)">[[Burundi]]</span> <span style="display:inline-block;margin:2px 3px;padding:2px 12px;border-radius:999px;background:var(--background-color-progressive-subtle,#eaf3ff);border:1px solid var(--border-color-progressive--hover,#a3c4f5)">[[Nijeriya]]</span> <span style="display:inline-block;margin:2px 3px;padding:2px 12px;border-radius:999px;background:var(--background-color-progressive-subtle,#eaf3ff);border:1px solid var(--border-color-progressive--hover,#a3c4f5)">[[Afurika y’Epfo]]</span> <span style="display:inline-block;margin:2px 3px;padding:2px 12px;border-radius:999px;background:var(--background-color-progressive-subtle,#eaf3ff);border:1px solid var(--border-color-progressive--hover,#a3c4f5)">[[Pariki ya Nyungwe]]</span> <span style="display:inline-block;margin:2px 3px;padding:2px 12px;border-radius:999px;background:var(--background-color-progressive-subtle,#eaf3ff);border:1px solid var(--border-color-progressive--hover,#a3c4f5)">[[Pariki y’Igihugu y’Ibirunga]]</span> <span style="display:inline-block;margin:2px 3px;padding:2px 12px;border-radius:999px;background:var(--background-color-progressive-subtle,#eaf3ff);border:1px solid var(--border-color-progressive--hover,#a3c4f5)">[[Ikiyaga cya Kivu]]</span> <span style="display:inline-block;margin:2px 3px;padding:2px 12px;border-radius:999px;background:var(--background-color-progressive-subtle,#eaf3ff);border:1px solid var(--border-color-progressive--hover,#a3c4f5)">[[Ingagi zo mu birunga]]</span> <span style="display:inline-block;margin:2px 3px;padding:2px 12px;border-radius:999px;background:var(--background-color-progressive-subtle,#eaf3ff);border:1px solid var(--border-color-progressive--hover,#a3c4f5)">[[Ikawa]]</span> <span style="display:inline-block;margin:2px 3px;padding:2px 12px;border-radius:999px;background:var(--background-color-progressive-subtle,#eaf3ff);border:1px solid var(--border-color-progressive--hover,#a3c4f5)">[[Ikinyarwanda]]</span> <span style="display:inline-block;margin:2px 3px;padding:2px 12px;border-radius:999px;background:var(--background-color-progressive-subtle,#eaf3ff);border:1px solid var(--border-color-progressive--hover,#a3c4f5)">[[Ikirundi]]</span> <span style="display:inline-block;margin:2px 3px;padding:2px 12px;border-radius:999px;background:var(--background-color-progressive-subtle,#eaf3ff);border:1px solid var(--border-color-progressive--hover,#a3c4f5)">[[Imigani migufi y’Ikinyarwanda]]</span> <span style="display:inline-block;margin:2px 3px;padding:2px 12px;border-radius:999px;background:var(--background-color-progressive-subtle,#eaf3ff);border:1px solid var(--border-color-progressive--hover,#a3c4f5)">[[Fred Rwigema]]</span> <span style="display:inline-block;margin:2px 3px;padding:2px 12px;border-radius:999px;background:var(--background-color-progressive-subtle,#eaf3ff);border:1px solid var(--border-color-progressive--hover,#a3c4f5)">[[Imihindagurikire y’ibihe]]</span> <span style="display:inline-block;margin:2px 3px;padding:2px 12px;border-radius:999px;background:var(--background-color-progressive-subtle,#eaf3ff);border:1px solid var(--border-color-progressive--hover,#a3c4f5)">[[SIDA]]</span> <span style="display:inline-block;margin:2px 3px;padding:2px 12px;border-radius:999px;background:var(--background-color-progressive-subtle,#eaf3ff);border:1px solid var(--border-color-progressive--hover,#a3c4f5)">[[Ubukirisitu]]</span> <span style="display:inline-block;margin:2px 3px;padding:2px 12px;border-radius:999px;background:var(--background-color-progressive-subtle,#eaf3ff);border:1px solid var(--border-color-progressive--hover,#a3c4f5)">[[Islamu]]</span></div> </div> <!-- ==== INGINGO ZIHERUTSE ==== --> <div style="flex:1 1 100%;min-width:0;box-sizing:border-box;background:var(--background-color-base,#fff);color:var(--color-base,#202122);border:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle,#dadde3);border-top:4px solid #3366CC;border-radius:12px;padding:0.4em 1.2em 1em;box-shadow:0 2px 6px rgba(0,0,0,0.06)"> <h2 style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:1.25em;font-weight:700;border-bottom:none;margin:0.5em 0 0.6em;padding:0;color:#3366CC">✨ Ingingo ziherutse <span class="plainlinks" style="font-size:0.7em;font-weight:normal">([{{fullurl:Intangiriro|action=purge}} <span style="color:#C99700;font-weight:600">⟳ Vugurura</span>])</span></h2> <templatestyles src="Inyandikorugero:Ingingo ziherutse/styles.css" /><div class="ingingo-ziherutse" style="max-height:11em;overflow-y:auto;column-width:18em;column-gap:2em;column-rule:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle,#dadde3);font-size:0.9em;line-height:1.5"> {{Special:NewPages|limit=30|namespace=0|hideredirs=1}} </div> <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Special:NewPages|Reba izindi ngingo ziherutse →]]</div> </div> <!-- ==== IMISHINGA YA WIKIMEDIA ==== --> <div style="flex:1 1 100%;min-width:0;box-sizing:border-box;background:var(--background-color-base,#fff);color:var(--color-base,#202122);border:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle,#dadde3);border-top:4px solid #72777d;border-radius:12px;padding:0.4em 1.2em 1em;box-shadow:0 2px 6px rgba(0,0,0,0.06);margin-top:16px"> <h2 style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:1.25em;font-weight:700;border-bottom:none;margin:0.5em 0 0.6em;padding:0;color:#54595d">🌐 Imishinga ifitanye isano na Wikipediya</h2> Wikipediya icungwa na [[Wikimedia Foundation|Fondasiyo ya Wikimediya]], umuryango udaharanira inyungu unacunga n'indi mishinga y'ubuntu: <div style="display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:4px 12px;margin-top:8px"> <div style="flex:1 1 210px;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;padding:6px 4px">[[Dosiye:Commons-logo.svg|36px|link=commons:|alt=Commons]]<div>'''[[commons:|Commons]]'''<br /><span style="font-size:0.88em;color:var(--color-subtle,#54595d)">Amafoto n’amajwi by’ubuntu</span></div></div> <div style="flex:1 1 210px;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;padding:6px 4px">[[Dosiye:Wikidata-logo.svg|36px|link=d:|alt=Wikidata]]<div>'''[[d:|Wikidata]]'''<br /><span style="font-size:0.88em;color:var(--color-subtle,#54595d)">Ububiko bw’amakuru</span></div></div> <div style="flex:1 1 210px;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;padding:6px 4px">[[Dosiye:Wiktionary-logo.svg|36px|link=wikt:|alt=Wiktionary]]<div>'''[[wikt:|Wiktionary]]'''<br /><span style="font-size:0.88em;color:var(--color-subtle,#54595d)">Inkoranyamagambo</span></div></div> <div style="flex:1 1 210px;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;padding:6px 4px">[[Dosiye:Wikiquote-logo.svg|36px|link=q:|alt=Wikiquote]]<div>'''[[q:|Wikiquote]]'''<br /><span style="font-size:0.88em;color:var(--color-subtle,#54595d)">Amagambo yavuzwe</span></div></div> <div style="flex:1 1 210px;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;padding:6px 4px">[[Dosiye:Wikibooks-logo.svg|36px|link=b:|alt=Wikibooks]]<div>'''[[b:|Wikibooks]]'''<br /><span style="font-size:0.88em;color:var(--color-subtle,#54595d)">Ibitabo by’ubuntu</span></div></div> <div style="flex:1 1 210px;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;padding:6px 4px">[[Dosiye:Wikisource-logo.svg|36px|link=s:|alt=Wikisource]]<div>'''[[s:|Wikisource]]'''<br /><span style="font-size:0.88em;color:var(--color-subtle,#54595d)">Inyandiko z’umwimerere</span></div></div> <div style="flex:1 1 210px;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;padding:6px 4px">[[Dosiye:Wikispecies-logo.svg|36px|link=species:|alt=Wikispecies]]<div>'''[[species:|Wikispecies]]'''<br /><span style="font-size:0.88em;color:var(--color-subtle,#54595d)">Ubwoko bw’ibinyabuzima</span></div></div> <div style="flex:1 1 210px;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;padding:6px 4px">[[Dosiye:Wikiversity logo 2017.svg|36px|link=v:|alt=Wikiversity]]<div>'''[[v:|Wikiversity]]'''<br /><span style="font-size:0.88em;color:var(--color-subtle,#54595d)">Kwiga ku buntu</span></div></div> <div style="flex:1 1 210px;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;padding:6px 4px">[[Dosiye:Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg|36px|link=voy:|alt=Wikivoyage]]<div>'''[[voy:|Wikivoyage]]'''<br /><span style="font-size:0.88em;color:var(--color-subtle,#54595d)">Ubuyobozi bw’ingendo</span></div></div> <div style="flex:1 1 210px;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;padding:6px 4px">[[Dosiye:Wikinews-logo.svg|36px|link=n:|alt=Wikinews]]<div>'''[[n:|Wikinews]]'''<br /><span style="font-size:0.88em;color:var(--color-subtle,#54595d)">Amakuru y’ubuntu</span></div></div> <div style="flex:1 1 210px;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;padding:6px 4px">[[Dosiye:Wikimedia Community Logo.svg|36px|link=m:|alt=Meta-Wiki]]<div>'''[[m:|Meta-Wiki]]'''<br /><span style="font-size:0.88em;color:var(--color-subtle,#54595d)">Guhuza imishinga</span></div></div> <div style="flex:1 1 210px;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;padding:6px 4px">[[Dosiye:MediaWiki-2020-icon.svg|36px|link=mw:|alt=MediaWiki]]<div>'''[[mw:|MediaWiki]]'''<br /><span style="font-size:0.88em;color:var(--color-subtle,#54595d)">Porogaramu ya wiki</span></div></div> </div> </div> <!-- ==== MU ZINDI NDIMI ==== --> <div style="text-align:center;margin:18px 0 6px;font-size:0.95em;color:var(--color-subtle,#54595d)">'''Wikipediya mu zindi ndimi:'''<br />[[:rn:|Ikirundi]] · [[:sw:|Igiswahili]] · [[:lg:|Luganda]] · [[:ln:|Lingala]] · [[:af:|Icyafurikansi]] · [[:ha:|Igihawusa]] · [[:ig:|Icyigibo]] · [[:wo:|Ikiwolofu]] · [[:ar:|Icyarabu]]<br />[[:fr:|Igifaransa]] · [[:en:|Icyongereza]] · [[:de:|Ikidage]] · [[:es:|Icyesipanyolo]] · [[:nl:|Igiholandi]]</div> fdxc43rxsfupa5k0f9rmp639dua20vd 148750 148749 2026-11-03T15:02:02Z Score Beethoven 11559 148750 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOTOC__ __NOEDITSECTION__ <!-- ==== IKAZE (HERO) ==== --> <div style="position:relative;overflow:hidden;border-radius:16px;padding:28px 24px 22px;color:#fff;background:linear-gradient(135deg,#0b5f8f 0%,#00A1DE 45%,#20603D 100%);box-shadow:0 4px 14px rgba(0,0,0,0.15)"> <div style="font-size:1.05em;opacity:0.95">Murakaza neza kuri</div> <div style="font-family:Georgia,'Linux Libertine','Times New Roman',serif;font-size:2.6em;line-height:1.15;font-weight:700;margin:4px 0">Wikipediya mu Kinyarwanda</div> <div style="font-size:1.08em;max-width:46em">Inkoranyabumenyi yubakwa n'abayikoresha, mu rurimi rwacu. Buri wese ashobora kuyisoma no kuyandikaho ku buntu.</div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-top:14px;padding:8px 16px;border-radius:10px;background:rgba(0,0,0,0.22);font-size:1.05em">Ubu ifite ingingo '''[[Special:Statistics|<span style="color:#fff">{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}</span>]]''' zanditswe mu Kinyarwanda</div> <div style="margin-top:14px"><span style="display:inline-block;margin:4px 3px;padding:5px 12px;border-radius:999px;background:rgba(255,255,255,0.18);border:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.45)">[[Special:Random|<span style="color:#fff">🎲 Ingingo zidasanzwe</span>]]</span><span style="display:inline-block;margin:4px 3px;padding:5px 12px;border-radius:999px;background:rgba(255,255,255,0.18);border:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.45)">[[Special:NewPages|<span style="color:#fff">🆕 Ingingo nshya</span>]]</span><span style="display:inline-block;margin:4px 3px;padding:5px 12px;border-radius:999px;background:rgba(255,255,255,0.18);border:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.45)">[[Special:Categories|<span style="color:#fff">🗂️ Ibyiciro</span>]]</span><span style="display:inline-block;margin:4px 3px;padding:5px 12px;border-radius:999px;background:rgba(255,255,255,0.18);border:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.45)">[[Special:CreateAccount|<span style="color:#fff">✍️ Fungura konti</span>]]</span></div> <div style="position:absolute;right:-30px;top:-30px;width:150px;height:150px;border-radius:50%;background:radial-gradient(circle,#FAD201 0%,rgba(250,210,1,0.55) 45%,rgba(250,210,1,0) 70%)"></div> </div> <div style="height:6px;border-radius:3px;margin-top:6px;background:linear-gradient(90deg,#00A1DE 0%,#00A1DE {{#expr:(5+({{#time:N|||1}}-1)*70/6) round 0}}%,#FAD201 {{#expr:(12+({{#time:N|||1}}-1)*70/6) round 0}}%,#FAD201 {{#expr:(17+({{#time:N|||1}}-1)*70/6) round 0}}%,#20603D {{#expr:(22+({{#time:N|||1}}-1)*70/6) round 0}}%,#20603D 100%)"></div> <!-- ==== IMBUGA (PORTAILS) ==== --> <div style="display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:16px;margin:16px 0"> <div style="flex:1 1 115px;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;padding:12px 6px;border-radius:12px;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle,#dadde3)">[[Dosiye:Circle-icons-brush-pencil.svg|48px|link=Wikipedia:Irembo/Ubugeni n'Ubumenyamuntu|alt=Ubugeni n'Ubumenyamuntu]]<div style="font-weight:700;margin-top:6px">[[Wikipedia:Irembo/Ubugeni n'Ubumenyamuntu|Ubugeni n'Ubumenyamuntu]]</div><div style="font-size:0.85em;color:var(--color-subtle,#54595d)">Ubuhanzi, amateka, indimi</div></div> <div style="flex:1 1 115px;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;padding:12px 6px;border-radius:12px;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle,#dadde3)">[[Dosiye:Circle-icons-genius.svg|48px|link=Wikipedia:Irembo/Ubumenyi|alt=Ubumenyi]]<div style="font-weight:700;margin-top:6px">[[Wikipedia:Irembo/Ubumenyi|Ubumenyi]]</div><div style="font-size:0.85em;color:var(--color-subtle,#54595d)">Ubumenyi bwimbitse n’ibintu karemano</div></div> <div style="flex:1 1 115px;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;padding:12px 6px;border-radius:12px;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle,#dadde3)">[[Dosiye:Circle-icons-news.svg|48px|link=Wikipedia:Irembo/Umuryango w'abantu|alt=Umuryango w'abantu]]<div style="font-weight:700;margin-top:6px">[[Wikipedia:Irembo/Umuryango w'abantu|Umuryango w'abantu]]</div><div style="font-size:0.85em;color:var(--color-subtle,#54595d)">Politiki, ubukungu, idini</div></div> <div style="flex:1 1 115px;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;padding:12px 6px;border-radius:12px;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle,#dadde3)">[[Dosiye:Circle-icons-gear.svg|48px|link=Wikipedia:Irembo/Ikoranabuhanga|alt=Ikoranabuhanga]]<div style="font-weight:700;margin-top:6px">[[Wikipedia:Irembo/Ikoranabuhanga|Ikoranabuhanga]]</div><div style="font-size:0.85em;color:var(--color-subtle,#54595d)">Mudasobwa, ubwubatsi, inganda</div></div> <div style="flex:1 1 115px;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;padding:12px 6px;border-radius:12px;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle,#dadde3)">[[Dosiye:Noto Emoji Oreo 1f3c0.svg|48px|link=Wikipedia:Irembo/Ubuzima n'imyidagaduro|alt=Ubuzima n'imyidagaduro]]<div style="font-weight:700;margin-top:6px">[[Wikipedia:Irembo/Ubuzima n'imyidagaduro|Ubuzima n'imyidagaduro]]</div><div style="font-size:0.85em;color:var(--color-subtle,#54595d)">Siporo, ibiryo, umuziki</div></div> </div> <!-- ==== INGINGO Y'ICYUMWERU + ISHUSHO ==== --> <div style="display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:16px;margin:16px 0"> <div style="flex:2 1 440px;min-width:0;box-sizing:border-box;display:flex;flex-direction:column;background:var(--background-color-base,#fff);color:var(--color-base,#202122);border:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle,#dadde3);border-top:4px solid #00A1DE;border-radius:12px;padding:0.4em 1.2em 1em;box-shadow:0 2px 6px rgba(0,0,0,0.06)"> <div> <h2 style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:1.25em;font-weight:700;border-bottom:none;margin:0.5em 0 0.6em;padding:0;color:#00A1DE">📖 Ingingo yatoranyijwe</h2> <!-- Ingingo zihinduka buri minota 20 (ibiyaga, ibihugu bya Afurika, intara n'uturere by'u Rwanda) --> {{#switch: {{#expr: floor({{#time:U}} / 1200) mod 118 }} | 0 = [[Dosiye:Where tea meets primary rainforest in Nyungwe.jpg|right|180px|link=Pariki ya Nyungwe]] '''[[Pariki ya Nyungwe|Pariki y'Igihugu ya Nyungwe]]''' (izwi kandi nka Ishyamba rya Nyungwe) ni pariki iherereye mu majyepfo y'uburengerazuba bw'[[Rwanda|u Rwanda]], ku mupaka w'u Burundi, aho ikomereza muri Pariki ya Kibira. Ifite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 1 019, ikaba ari ryo shyamba rinini risigaye mu Rwanda, kandi ni rimwe mu mashyamba y'imvura ya kera kurusha ayandi muri Afurika. Kuva muri Nzeri 2023, iri ku rutonde rw'Umurage w'Isi wa UNESCO. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Pariki ya Nyungwe|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 1 = [[Dosiye:View of burera lake.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Ikiyaga cya Burera]] '''[[Ikiyaga cya Burera]]''' ni ikiyaga cyo mu majyaruguru y’u [[Rwanda]]. Kiri mu [[Akarere ka Burera]], hafi y’umupaka n’[[Ubugande]]. Ikiyaga cya Burera kiri hejuru y’[[Ikiyaga cya Ruhondo]]. Ibyo biyaga byombi byitwa ibiyaga by’impanga. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Ikiyaga cya Burera|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 2 = [[Dosiye:Lake Kivu at dawn.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Ikiyaga cya Kivu]] '''[[Ikiyaga cya Kivu]]''' ni kimwe mu biyaga bigari bya Afurika. Giherereye ku mupaka uhuza [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]] n'[[Rwanda|u Rwanda]], muri Albertine Rift, ishami ry'iburengerazuba rya Rift ya Afurika. Amazi yacyo asohoka mu ruzi rwa Ruzizi, rutemba rugana mu kiyaga cya Tanganyika. Uturere tw'u Rwanda dukora ku kiyaga ni Rubavu, Rusizi, Ngororero, Karongi na Nyamasheke. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Ikiyaga cya Kivu|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 3 = [[Dosiye:Lake Ruhondo exotic view 01.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Ikiyaga cya Ruhondo]] '''[[Ikiyaga cya Ruhondo]]''' ni ikiyaga cyo mu majyaruguru y'u [[Rwanda]]. Kiri mu [[Intara y’Amajyaruguru y’u Rwanda|Ntara y'Amajyaruguru]], hafi y'umujyi wa Musanze. Ikiyaga cya Ruhondo n'[[Ikiyaga cya Burera]] byitwa «ibiyaga by'impanga». <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Ikiyaga cya Ruhondo|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 4 = [[Dosiye:Mountain Sabyinyo.jpg|right|180px|link=Pariki y’Igihugu y’Ibirunga]] '''[[Pariki y’Igihugu y’Ibirunga|Pariki y'Igihugu y'Ibirunga]]''' ni pariki iherereye mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba bw'[[Rwanda|u Rwanda]], ku mupaka wa [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]] n'Ubugande. Irinda igice cy'u Rwanda cy'urunigi rw'ibirunga rwa Virunga, harimo ibirunga bitanu birimo [[Ikirunga cya Karisimbi|Karisimbi]] na Sabyinyo. Izwi cyane ku isi kubera [[Ingagi zo mu birunga|ingagi zo mu birunga]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Pariki y’Igihugu y’Ibirunga|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 5 = [[Dosiye:Lake Ihema.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Ikiyaga cy'Ihema]] '''Ikiyaga cy'Ihema''' ni ikiyaga cyo mu burasirazuba bw'u [[Rwanda]]. Kiri mu [[Akarere ka Kayonza]], mu majyepfo ya [[Pariki y'Akagera]]. Inkombe yacyo y'iburasirazuba ni umupaka w'u Rwanda na [[Tanzaniya]]. Ikiyaga cy'Ihema ni cyo kiyaga kinini muri Pariki y'Akagera. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Ikiyaga cy'Ihema|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 6 = [[Dosiye:Flag of Rwanda.svg|right|180px|link=Ikinyarwanda]] '''[[Ikinyarwanda]]''' ni ururimi gakondo rw'[[Rwanda|u Rwanda]]. Ijambo « ikinyarwanda » rishobora kandi gusobanura umuco n'imico ikomoka mu Rwanda. Kivugwa mu Rwanda no mu nkengero zarwo, cyane cyane mu burasirazuba bwa [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]] no mu majyepfo y'uburengerazuba bw'Ubugande. Gifitanye isano ya hafi n'[[Ikirundi]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Ikinyarwanda|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 7 = [[Dosiye:ISS006-E-24705 - View of Rwanda (cropped).jpg|right|180x140px|link=Ikiyaga cya Mugesera]] '''[[Ikiyaga cya Mugesera]]''' ni ikiyaga cyo mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]] y'u [[Rwanda]]. Kiri mu [[Akarere ka Ngoma]], mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba bwa [[Kigali]]. Gihana imbibi kandi n'[[Akarere ka Rwamagana]]. Ikiyaga cya Mugesera gifite ubuso bwa km² 39. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Ikiyaga cya Mugesera|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 8 = [[Dosiye:Traditional food from Rwanda.jpg|right|180px|link=Umuganura]] '''[[Umuganura]]''' ni umuhango nyarwanda wizihizwa ku wa Gatanu wa mbere w'ukwezi kwa Kanama, aho Abanyarwanda bizihiza ibyo bagezeho mu buhinzi, mu bworozi no mu burumbuke. Gukomera kuri uyu muhango ni ugusigasira umurage w'u Rwanda, kuko umuganura ukubiyemo indangagaciro zirimo kwishimira umusaruro, gukunda umurimo n'igihugu. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Umuganura|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 9 = [[Dosiye:ISS006-E-24705 - View of Rwanda (cropped Lake Sake).jpg|right|180x140px|link=Ikiyaga cya Sake]] '''[[Ikiyaga cya Sake]]''' ni ikiyaga cyo mu [[Rwanda]]. Giherereye mu [[Akarere ka Ngoma]], mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]]. Iki kiyaga gihana imbibi n'imirenge itatu: Sake, Jarama na Rukumberi. Ni ikiyaga gito kandi kidafite ubujyakuzimu burebure. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Ikiyaga cya Sake|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 10 = [[Dosiye:Honeybee landing on milkthistle02.jpg|right|180px|link=Uruyuki]] '''[[Uruyuki]]''' (ubuke: inzuki; mu kilatini: ''Apis'') ni agasimba k'inigwahabiri kadafite amagufwa, gafite umubiri ugizwe n'ibice bitatu: umutwe, igituza n'inda. Ku mutwe hariho uduhembe tubiri tuzifasha kumenya ibizikikije n'amaso manini abiri. Mu muzinga umwe hashobora kubamo ingabo zigera ku 1 500 zigaburirwa n'intazi. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Uruyuki|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 11 = [[Dosiye:Lakes of Burundi.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Ikiyaga cya Rweru]] '''[[Ikiyaga cya Rweru]]''' ni ikiyaga gihuriweho n'u [[Rwanda]] n'[[Uburundi|u Burundi]]. Kiri ku mupaka w'ibihugu byombi, muri [[Afurika]] yo hagati. Igice kinini cy'ikiyaga kiri mu Burundi. Amazi y'ikiyaga si maremare. Ikiyaga cya Rweru kiri mu biyaga byo mu kibaya cy'[[Umugezi wa Kagera|Akagera]] yo haruguru. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Ikiyaga cya Rweru|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 12 = [[Dosiye:Muhazi Lake.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Ikiyaga cya Muhazi]] '''[[Ikiyaga cya Muhazi]]''' ni ikiyaga kirekire giherereye mu burasirazuba bw'[[Rwanda|u Rwanda]]. Igice kinini cyacyo kiri mu Ntara y'Iburasirazuba, naho impera yacyo y'iburengerazuba igakora umupaka hagati y'Intara y'Amajyaruguru na [[Kigali]]. Ni ikibaya cyuzuyemo amazi kiryamye kuva iburasirazuba ugana iburengerazuba. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Ikiyaga cya Muhazi|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 13 = [[Dosiye:ISS012-E-17845 - View of Rwanda (cropped Lakes Nasho Cyambwe Mpanga).jpg|right|180x140px|link=Ikiyaga cya Nasho]] '''[[Ikiyaga cya Nasho]]''' ni ikiyaga cyo mu burasirazuba bw'[[Rwanda|u Rwanda]]. Giherereye mu [[Umurenge wa Ndego|Murenge wa Ndego]], mu [[Akarere ka Kayonza]], mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba|Ntara y'Iburasirazuba]]. Ikiyaga cya Nasho gifite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 13,7. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Ikiyaga cya Nasho|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 14 = [[Dosiye:Maasai boys in hunting gear.jpg|right|180px|link=Abamasayi]] '''[[Abamasayi]]''' ni ubwoko bw'abantu batuye mu majyaruguru, hagati no mu majyepfo ya Kenya, no mu majyaruguru ya Tanzaniya. Bari mu baturage bazwi cyane ku rwego mpuzamahanga, bitewe n'aho batuye hafi ya pariki nyinshi zo mu karere k'Ibiyaga Bigari bya Afurika, n'imigenzo yabo, imyambarire n'imitako byabo bwite. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Abamasayi|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 15 = [[Dosiye:Lac Cohoha (redressé et recadré).jpg|right|180x140px|link=Ikiyaga cya Cohoha]] '''Ikiyaga cya Cyohoha y'Amajyepfo''' (mu Burundi: Cohoha) ni ikiyaga gihuriweho n'u [[Rwanda]] n'[[Uburundi|u Burundi]]. Kiri ku mupaka uhuza amajyepfo y'u Rwanda n'amajyaruguru y'u Burundi, mu gace ka Bugesera. Ikiyaga kigenda kigabanuka. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Ikiyaga cya Cohoha|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 16 = [[Dosiye:ISS012-E-17842 - View of Burundi (cropped Lake Cyohoha North).jpg|right|180x140px|link=Ikiyaga cya Cyohoha y'amajyaruguru]] '''Ikiyaga cya Cyohoha y'amajyaruguru''' ni ikiyaga cyo mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]] y'u [[Rwanda]]. Kiri mu [[Akarere ka Bugesera]]. Kiri mu majyaruguru y'[[Ikiyaga cya Cohoha|Ikiyaga cya Cyohoha y'amajyepfo]]. Ikiyaga cya Cyohoha y'amajyaruguru cyakamye hafi ya cyose mu ntangiriro z'imyaka ya 2000. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Ikiyaga cya Cyohoha y'amajyaruguru|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 17 = [[Dosiye:The Mihindi Lake - Flickr - askmeaks.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Ikiyaga cya Mihindi]] '''[[Ikiyaga cya Mihindi]]''' ni ikiyaga cyo mu burasirazuba bw'u [[Rwanda]]. Kiri muri [[Pariki y'Akagera|Pariki y'Igihugu y'Akagera]], mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba|Ntara y'Iburasirazuba]]. Kiri hafi y'umupaka wa [[Tanzaniya]]. Ikiyaga cya Mihindi gifite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 10,9. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Ikiyaga cya Mihindi|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 18 = '''[[Ikiyaga cya Rwanyakazinga]]''' ni ikiyaga cyo mu [[Rwanda]]. Kiri muri [[Pariki y'Akagera|Pariki y'Igihugu y'Akagera]], mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba|Ntara y'Iburasirazuba]]. Ni ikiyaga cya kabiri kinini muri pariki, nyuma y'Ikiyaga cya Ihema. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Ikiyaga cya Rwanyakazinga|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 19 = '''[[Ikiyaga cya Nyirakigugu]]''' ni ikiyaga gito cyo mu [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba]] y'u [[Rwanda]]. Kiri mu Murenge wa Jenda, mu [[Akarere ka Nyabihu]]. Kiri hafi y'umuhanda wa kaburimbo uva i [[Akarere ka Musanze|Musanze]] ujya i [[Akarere ka Rubavu|Rubavu]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Ikiyaga cya Nyirakigugu|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 20 = '''[[Ikiyaga cya cyabayaga|Ikiyaga cya Cyabayaga]]''' ni ikiyaga gihangano cyo mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]] y'u [[Rwanda]]. Kiri mu [[Akarere ka Nyagatare]]. Cyashyizweho mu mwaka wa 2004. Amazi y'Ikiyaga cya Cyabayaga yuhira [[Umuceli|umuceri]]. Ikiyaga kirororerwamo [[amafi]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Ikiyaga cya cyabayaga|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 21 = '''[[Ikiyaga cya Cyambwe]]''' ni ikiyaga cyo mu burasirazuba bw'[[Rwanda|u Rwanda]]. Giherereye mu [[Akarere ka Kirehe]], mu Murenge wa Nasho. Ikiyaga cya Cyambwe kiri hafi y'[[Ikiyaga cya Nasho]]. Kibamo amafi, imvubu n'ingona. Amazi yacyo akoreshwa mu kuhira imyaka. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Ikiyaga cya Cyambwe|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 22 = [[Dosiye:Bisoke Crater View.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Ikiyaga cya Bisoke]] '''[[Ikiyaga cya Bisoke]]''' ni ikiyaga kiri ku gasongero k'[[Ikirunga cya Bisoke]], mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba bw'[[Rwanda|u Rwanda]]. Ni ikiyaga kiri mu mwobo w'ikirunga (''crater lake''). Ikiyaga cya Bisoke ni hamwe mu hantu nyaburanga mu Rwanda. Ba mukerarugendo benshi barakizamuka kugira ngo bakirebe. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Ikiyaga cya Bisoke|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 23 = [[Dosiye:ISS006-E-24705 - View of Rwanda (cropped Lake Birira).jpg|right|180x140px|link=Ikiyaga cya Birira]] '''[[Ikiyaga cya Birira]]''' ni ikiyaga cyo mu [[Rwanda]]. Giherereye mu [[Akarere ka Ngoma]], mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]]. Ikiyaga cya Birira kiri mu biyaga byo mu kibaya cy'[[Umugezi wa Kagera|Akagera]] yo haruguru. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Ikiyaga cya Birira|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 24 = '''[[Ikiyaga cya Hago]]''' ni ikiyaga cyo mu burasirazuba bw'[[Rwanda|u Rwanda]]. Kiri muri [[Pariki y'Akagera]], mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba|Ntara y'Iburasirazuba]]. Ikiyaga cya Hago gifite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 16,1. Ubujyakuzimu bwacyo ntiburenga metero 5,8. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Ikiyaga cya Hago|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 25 = '''[[Ikiyaga cya Karago]]''' ni ikiyaga gito cyo mu [[Rwanda]]. Giherereye mu [[Akarere ka Nyabihu]], mu [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba]]. Ikiyaga cya Karago kiri ku butumburuke burenga m 2 300. Mu mwaka wa 2022, bashyizemo amagi y'amafi kugira ngo umusaruro wiyongere. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Ikiyaga cya Karago|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 26 = '''[[Ikiyaga cya Kivumba]]''' ni ikiyaga cyo mu burasirazuba bw'[[Rwanda|u Rwanda]]. Kiri muri [[Pariki y'Akagera]]. Ikiyaga cya Kivumba kiri mu biyaga byo mu kibaya cyo hasi cy'[[Umugezi wa Akagera|umugezi w'Akagera]]. Ntikigira ubujyakuzimu bunini. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Ikiyaga cya Kivumba|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 27 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Cape-town-port-boats.jpg|180x140px|link=Afurika y’Epfo]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of South Africa.svg|33px|link=Afurika y’Epfo]]</div></div> '''[[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika y'Epfo]]''' ni igihugu giherereye mu majyepfo y'umugabane wa [[Afurika]]. Kigizwe n'intara icyenda. Gihana imbibi na [[Namibiya]], [[Botswana]], [[Zimbabwe]], [[Mozambike]] na [[Eswatini]], kandi kizengurutse igihugu cya [[Lesoto]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Afurika y’Epfo|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 28 = [[Dosiye:Rwanda Provinces 2006.png|right|180x140px|link=Intara z’u Rwanda]] '''[[Intara z’u Rwanda]]''' ni inzego nini z’ubutegetsi bw’[[Rwanda|u Rwanda]]. U Rwanda rufite intara enye n’[[Kigali|Umujyi wa Kigali]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Intara z’u Rwanda|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 29 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Annaba, algeria04.jpg|180x140px|link=Aligeriya]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Algeria.svg|33px|link=Aligeriya]]</div></div> '''[[Aligeriya]]''' n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. Igihugu gituwe n’abaturage bagera kuri 47,400,000 (2025), batuye ku buso bwa km² 2,381,741. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Aligeriya|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 30 = [[Dosiye:Kigali2018Cropped.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Kigali]] '''[[Kigali]]''' ni umurwa mukuru w’[[Rwanda|u Rwanda]]. Kigali iri hagati mu gihugu. Kigali yabaye umurwa mukuru igihe u Rwanda rwabonaga ubwigenge muri 1962. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Kigali|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 31 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Morro do Moco, Huambo, Angola.jpg|180x140px|link=Angola]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Angola.svg|33px|link=Angola]]</div></div> '''[[Angola]]''' ni igihugu cyo muri [[Afurika]]. Angola ikora ku Nyanja ya Atalantika. Umurwa mukuru wayo ni Luanda. Ururimi rwemewe ni Igiporutigali. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Angola|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 32 = [[Dosiye:Lake Ruhondo.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Intara y’Amajyaruguru y’u Rwanda]] '''[[Intara y’Amajyaruguru y’u Rwanda|Intara y’Amajyaruguru]]''' ni imwe mu [[Intara z’u Rwanda|ntara enye z’u Rwanda]]. Iri mu majyaruguru y’igihugu. Ibiro byayo biri mu [[Akarere ka Musanze]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Intara y’Amajyaruguru y’u Rwanda|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 33 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Des barques au port de pêche de Cotonou au Bénin.jpg|180x140px|link=Bene]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Benin.svg|33px|link=Bene]]</div></div> '''[[Bene]]''' ni igihugu cyo muri [[Afurika]] y'Iburengerazuba. Mbere y'umwaka wa 1975, Bene yitwaga Dahomey. Umurwa mukuru ni Porto-Novo. Icyicaro cya guverinoma kiri i Cotonou. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Bene|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 34 = [[Dosiye:Akagera National Park Giraffes.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Intara y'Iburasirazuba]] '''[[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]]''' ni imwe mu [[Intara z’u Rwanda|ntara enye z'u Rwanda]]. Iri mu burasirazuba bw'igihugu. Icyicaro cyayo kiri i [[Rwamagana]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Intara y'Iburasirazuba|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 35 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Okavango Delta, Botswana (2674364913).jpg|180x140px|link=Botswana]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Botswana.svg|33px|link=Botswana]]</div></div> '''[[Botswana]]''' ni igihugu cyo muri Afurika y'Amajyepfo. Botswana ntikora ku nyanja. Umurwa mukuru wayo ni [[Gaborone]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Botswana|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 36 = [[Dosiye:Southern Province, Rwanda.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Intara y'amajyepfo]] '''[[Intara y'amajyepfo|Intara y’Amajyepfo]]''' ni imwe mu [[Intara z’u Rwanda|ntara enye z’u Rwanda]]. Iri mu majyepfo y’igihugu. Icyicaro cyayo kiri mu [[Akarere ka Nyanza|Karere ka Nyanza]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Intara y'amajyepfo|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 37 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Tiebele village in Burkina Faso 04.jpg|180x140px|link=Burukina Faso]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Burkina Faso.svg|33px|link=Burukina Faso]]</div></div> '''[[Burukina Faso]]''' ni igihugu cyo muri Afurika y'Iburengerazuba. Burukina Faso ntikora ku nyanja. Umurwa mukuru wayo ni [[Wagadugu]]. Mbere y'umwaka wa 1984, iki gihugu cyitwaga Volta y'Haruguru. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Burukina Faso|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 38 = [[Dosiye:Scenery in Hills above Lake Kivu - Near Karongi-Kibuye - Western Rwanda - 02.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Intara y'Uburengerazuba]] '''[[Intara y'Uburengerazuba|Intara y'Iburengerazuba]]''' ni imwe mu [[Intara z’u Rwanda|ntara enye z'u Rwanda]]. Iri mu burengerazuba bw'igihugu. Icyicaro cyayo kiri mu [[Akarere ka Karongi|Karere ka Karongi]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Intara y'Uburengerazuba|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 39 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Well of the Young Girls in the Ennedi Mountains - northeastern Chad 2015.jpg|180x140px|link=Cade]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Chad.svg|33px|link=Cade]]</div></div> '''[[Cade]]''' cyangwa '''Cadi''' n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Cade|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 40 = [[Dosiye:RwandaDists.png|right|180x140px|link=Uturere tw’u Rwanda]] '''[[Uturere tw’u Rwanda]]''' ni inzego z’ubutegetsi z’[[Rwanda|u Rwanda]] ziri munsi y’intara. U Rwanda rufite uturere 30. Uturere 27 turi mu [[Intara z’u Rwanda|ntara]] enye. Uturere dutatu turi mu [[Kigali|Mujyi wa Kigali]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 41 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:An old house in the European quarter built during Italian Eritrea in the early 19th century in Asmara, Eritrea.jpg|180x140px|link=Eritereya]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Eritrea.svg|33px|link=Eritereya]]</div></div> '''[[Eritereya]]''' n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. [[Umurwa]] mukuru w’u Eritereya witwa [[Asmara]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Eritereya|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 42 = [[Dosiye:Lake view at gashora.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Bugesera]] '''[[Akarere ka Bugesera]]''' ni kamwe mu turere turindwi tugize [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Gaherereye mu majyepfo y'iburasirazuba bw'u Rwanda. Gahana imbibi n'[[Uburundi]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Bugesera|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 43 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Mbabane Landscape.jpg|180x140px|link=Eswatini]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Eswatini.svg|33px|link=Eswatini]]</div></div> '''[[Eswatini]]''' n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]] y’Amajyepfo. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Eswatini|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 44 = [[Dosiye:Lake Burera in Rwanda.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Burera]] '''[[Akarere ka Burera]]''' ni kamwe mu turere dutanu tugize [[Intara y’Amajyaruguru y’u Rwanda|Intara y'Amajyaruguru]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Gahana imbibi na [[Ubugande|Uganda]]. Gafite ubuso bwa 644,5 km² n'abaturage 387 729. Kagizwe n'imirenge 17. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Burera|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 45 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Addis Ababa (16314616596).jpg|180x140px|link=Etiyopiya]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Ethiopia.svg|33px|link=Etiyopiya]]</div></div> '''[[Etiyopiya]]''' n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. [[Umurwa]] mukuru w’u Etiyopiya witwa [[Addis Ababa]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Etiyopiya|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 46 = [[Dosiye:GAKENKE District.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Gakenke]] '''[[Akarere ka Gakenke]]''' ni kamwe mu turere dutanu tugize [[Intara y’Amajyaruguru y’u Rwanda|Intara y'Amajyaruguru]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Gafite ubuso bwa 704,06 km² n'abaturage 365 292. Kagizwe n'imirenge 19. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Gakenke|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 47 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Éléphant du Gabon.jpg|180x140px|link=Gabon]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Gabon.svg|33px|link=Gabon]]</div></div> '''[[Gabon]]''' cyangwa '''Gabo''' n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]] yo Hagati. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Gabon|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 48 = [[Dosiye:KIGALI city view.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Gasabo]] '''[[Akarere ka Gasabo]]''' ni kamwe mu turere dutatu tugize [[Kigali|Umujyi wa Kigali]], mu [[Rwanda]]. Gafite ubuso bwa 430,3 km² n'abaturage 879 505. Kagizwe n'imirenge 15. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Gasabo|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 49 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Banjul-uitzicht.jpg|180x140px|link=Gambiya]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of The Gambia.svg|33px|link=Gambiya]]</div></div> '''[[Gambiya]]''' n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. [[Umurwa]] mukuru wa Gambiya witwa [[Banjul]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Gambiya|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 50 = [[Dosiye:Rwanda Mountain at Gatsibo.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Gatsibo]] '''[[Akarere ka Gatsibo]]''' ni kamwe mu turere turindwi tugize [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Gaherereye iburasirazuba bw'Intara. Gafite ubuso bwa 1 585,3 km² n'abaturage 551 164. Kagizwe n'imirenge 14. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Gatsibo|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 51 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Accra General Post Office.jpg|180x140px|link=Gana]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Ghana.svg|33px|link=Gana]]</div></div> '''[[Gana]]''' n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. [[Umurwa]] mukuru wa Gana witwa [[Accra]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Gana|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 52 = [[Dosiye:Uruganda rw'icyayi rwo ku mulindi.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Gicumbi]] '''[[Akarere ka Gicumbi]]''' ni kamwe mu turere dutanu tugize [[Intara y’Amajyaruguru y’u Rwanda|Intara y'Amajyaruguru]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Gaherereye mu burasirazuba bw'iyi ntara. Umujyi wako mukuru ni [[Byumba]]. Gafite ubuso bwa 828,9 km² n'abaturage 448 824. Kagizwe n'imirenge 21. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Gicumbi|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 53 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Taxi Guinée.jpg|180x140px|link=Gineya]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Guinea.svg|33px|link=Gineya]]</div></div> '''[[Gineya]]''' n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Gineya|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 54 = [[Dosiye:KabuyeGenocideMemorial12.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Gisagara]] '''[[Akarere ka Gisagara]]''' ni kamwe mu turere umunani tugize [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Intara y'Amajyepfo]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Gahana imbibi n'[[Uburundi]]. Gafite ubuso bwa 679 km² n'abaturage 397 051. Kagizwe n'imirenge 13. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Gisagara|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 55 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Port of Malabo 1.jpg|180x140px|link=Gineya Ekwatoriyale]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Equatorial Guinea.svg|33px|link=Gineya Ekwatoriyale]]</div></div> '''[[Gineya Ekwatoriyale]]''' ni igihugu cyo muri [[Afurika]]. Kiri ku nkombe y'iburengerazuba bwa Afurika. Kigizwe n'igice kiri ku mugabane n'ibirwa bitanu. Umurwa mukuru ni Ciudad de la Paz kuva mu 2026. Mbere, umurwa mukuru wari [[Malabo]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Gineya Ekwatoriyale|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 56 = [[Dosiye:Arboretum of Ruhande in Rwanda.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Huye]] '''[[Akarere ka Huye]]''' ni kamwe mu turere umunani tugize [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Intara y'Amajyepfo]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Gafite ubuso bwa 581,5 km² n'abaturage 381 900. Kagizwe n'imirenge 14. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Huye|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 57 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Biso kotuwa.jpg|180x140px|link=Gineya-Biso]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Guinea-Bissau.svg|33px|link=Gineya-Biso]]</div></div> '''[[Gineya-Biso]]''' ni igihugu cyo muri [[Afurika]] y'Iburengerazuba. Gikora ku Nyanja ya Atalantika. Umurwa mukuru wacyo ni [[Biso]]. Ururimi rwemewe ni Igiporutigali. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Gineya-Biso|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 58 = [[Dosiye:A view of Nyabarongo river.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Kamonyi]] '''[[Akarere ka Kamonyi]]''' ni kamwe mu turere umunani tugize [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Intara y'Amajyepfo]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Gafite ubuso bwa 655,5 km² n'abaturage 450 849. Kagizwe n'imirenge 12. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Kamonyi|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 59 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Lake Assal 1-Djibouti.jpg|180x140px|link=Jibuti]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Djibouti.svg|33px|link=Jibuti]]</div></div> '''[[Jibuti]]''' ni igihugu cyo mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba bwa [[Afurika]]. Jibuti ihana imbibi na [[Eritereya]], [[Etiyopiya]] na [[Somaliya]]. Jibuti ikora ku Kigobe cya Aden. Umurwa mukuru wayo ni umujyi wa Jibuti. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Jibuti|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 60 = [[Dosiye:Kibuye view.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Karongi]] '''[[Akarere ka Karongi]]''' ni kamwe mu turere turindwi tugize [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Kari ku [[Ikiyaga cya Kivu]]. Gafite ubuso bwa 993 km² n'abaturage 373 869. Kagizwe n'imirenge 13. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Karongi|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 61 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Mount Cameroon, Buea in the wee hours of a clear morning.jpg|180x140px|link=Kameruni]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Cameroon.svg|33px|link=Kameruni]]</div></div> '''[[Kameruni]]''' ni igihugu cyo muri [[Afurika]]. Umurwa mukuru ni Yaoundé. Indimi zemewe ni Igifaransa n'Icyongereza. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Kameruni|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 62 = [[Dosiye:Wild sunset.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Kayonza]] '''[[Akarere ka Kayonza]]''' ni kamwe mu turere turindwi tugize [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Gafite ubuso bwa 1 935 km² n'abaturage 457 156. Kagizwe n'imirenge 12. Ni amarembo ya [[Pariki y'Akagera]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Kayonza|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 63 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Satellite image of Cape Verde in December 2002.jpg|180x140px|link=Kapu Veri]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Cape Verde (10-17).svg|33px|link=Kapu Veri]]</div></div> '''[[Kapu Veri]]''' ni igihugu kigizwe n'ibirwa mu Nyanja ya Atalantika. Kiri ku kilometero bigera kuri 600 uvuye ku nkombe ya [[Senegali]]. Umurwa mukuru wacyo ni Praia. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Kapu Veri|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 64 = [[Dosiye:Gahanga Cricket Oval in Kicukiro.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Kicukiro]] '''[[Akarere ka Kicukiro]]''' ni kamwe mu turere dutatu tugize [[Kigali|Umujyi wa Kigali]], mu [[Rwanda]]. Gafite ubuso bwa 166,7 km² n'abaturage 491 731. Kagizwe n'imirenge 10. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Kicukiro|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 65 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Mount Kenya.jpg|180x140px|link=Kenya]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Kenya.svg|33px|link=Kenya]]</div></div> '''[[Kenya]]''' ni igihugu cyo muri [[Afurika]] y'Iburasirazuba. Umurwa mukuru ni [[Nairobi]]. Indimi zemewe ni Igiswahili n'Icyongereza. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Kenya|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 66 = [[Dosiye:ICYUZI.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Kirehe]] '''[[Akarere ka Kirehe]]''' ni kamwe mu turere turindwi tugize [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Gaherereye mu majyepfo y'iburasirazuba bw'u Rwanda. Gafite ubuso bwa 1 118,5 km² n'abaturage 460 860. Kagizwe n'imirenge 12. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Kirehe|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 67 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Shores Moroni.jpg|180x140px|link=Komore]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of the Comoros.svg|33px|link=Komore]]</div></div> '''[[Komore]]''' ni igihugu kigizwe n'ibirwa mu Nyanja y'Ubuhinde. Kiri hagati ya [[Madagasikari]] na [[Mozambike]]. Umurwa mukuru wacyo ni [[Moroni]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Komore|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 68 = [[Dosiye:Kabgayi Basilica Catholic Church.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Muhanga]] '''[[Akarere ka Muhanga]]''' ni kamwe mu turere umunani tugize [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Intara y'Amajyepfo]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Gafite ubuso bwa 647,7 km² n'abaturage 369 491. Kagizwe n'imirenge 12. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Muhanga|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 69 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Congo Brazzaville 2014.png|180x140px|link=Kongo]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of the Republic of the Congo.svg|33px|link=Kongo]]</div></div> '''[[Kongo]]''' cyangwa '''Repubulika ya Kongo''' n’[[igihugu]] cya [[Afurika]] yo Hagati, giherereye iburengerazuba bwa [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]]. Cyahoze cyitwa Kongo Brazzaville. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Kongo|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 70 = [[Dosiye:This picture was taken in Musanze District which is location in the Northern Province of Rwanda 03.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Musanze]] '''[[Akarere ka Musanze]]''' ni kamwe mu turere dutanu tugize [[Intara y’Amajyaruguru y’u Rwanda|Intara y'Amajyaruguru]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Gafite ubuso bwa 530,2 km² n'abaturage 476 522. Kagizwe n'imirenge 15. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Musanze|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 71 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Public Transport in Abidjan, Ivory Coast 12.jpg|180x140px|link=Kote Divuwari]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Cote d'Ivoire.svg|33px|link=Kote Divuwari]]</div></div> '''[[Kote Divuwari]]''' n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Kote Divuwari|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 72 = [[Dosiye:Sholi horizon (cropped).jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Ngoma]] '''[[Akarere ka Ngoma]]''' ni kamwe mu turere turindwi tugize [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Ibiro byako biri i Kibungo. Gafite ubuso bwa 867,74 km² n'abaturage 404 048. Kagizwe n'imirenge 14. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Ngoma|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 73 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Katse Dam.jpg|180x140px|link=Lesoto]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Lesotho.svg|33px|link=Lesoto]]</div></div> '''[[Lesoto]]''' ni igihugu cyo muri [[Afurika]] y'Amajyepfo. Kizengurutswe na [[Afurika y’Epfo]] impande zose. Umurwa mukuru ni [[Maseru]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Lesoto|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 74 = [[Dosiye:Ibyiza bitatse akarere ka Ngororero (cropped).jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Ngororero]] '''[[Akarere ka Ngororero]]''' ni kamwe mu turere turindwi tugize [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Kagizwe n'imisozi miremire n'ibibaya. Gafite ubuso bwa 679 km² n'abaturage 367 955. Kagizwe n'imirenge 13. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Ngororero|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 75 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Downtown Monrovia 3348917715 67a2002529.jpg|180x140px|link=Liberiya]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Liberia.svg|33px|link=Liberiya]]</div></div> '''[[Liberiya]]''' ni igihugu cyo muri [[Afurika]] y'Iburengerazuba. Umurwa mukuru ni Monrovia. Ururimi rwemewe ni Icyongereza. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Liberiya|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 76 = [[Dosiye:Gusarura Icyayi.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Nyabihu]] '''[[Akarere ka Nyabihu]]''' ni kamwe mu turere turindwi tugize [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Ibiro byako biri mu Murenge wa Mukamira. Gafite ubuso bwa 531,5 km² n'abaturage 319 047. Kagizwe n'imirenge 12. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Nyabihu|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 77 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Tripoli Skyline edit.jpg|180x140px|link=Libiya]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Libya.svg|33px|link=Libiya]]</div></div> '''[[Libiya]]''' ni igihugu cyo muri [[Afurika]] y'Amajyaruguru. Umurwa mukuru ni Tripoli. Ururimi rwemewe ni Icyarabu. Igice kinini cy'igihugu kiri mu butayu bwa Sahara. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Libiya|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 78 = [[Dosiye:Vache de Nyagatare 3.JPG|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Nyagatare]] '''[[Akarere ka Nyagatare]]''' ni kamwe mu turere turindwi tugize [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Gahana imbibi na [[Ubugande]] na [[Tanzaniya]]. Gafite ubuso bwa 1 919 km² n'abaturage 653 861. Kagizwe n'imirenge 14. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Nyagatare|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 79 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Allée des Baobabs near Morondava, Madagascar.jpg|180x140px|link=Madagasikari]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Madagascar.svg|33px|link=Madagasikari]]</div></div> '''[[Madagasikari]]''' ni igihugu kiri ku kirwa mu Nyanja y'Abahinde. Kiri hafi y'inkombe y'amajyepfo y'uburasirazuba bwa [[Afurika]]. Umurwa mukuru ni [[Antananarivo]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Madagasikari|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 80 = [[Dosiye:Hills of Nyamagabe in Rwanda.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Nyamagabe]] '''[[Akarere ka Nyamagabe]]''' ni kamwe mu turere umunani tugize [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Intara y'Amajyepfo]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Gafite ubuso bwa 1 090 km² n'abaturage 371 501. Kagizwe n'imirenge 17. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Nyamagabe|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 81 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Ilala on malawi lake.jpg|180x140px|link=Malawi]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Malawi.svg|33px|link=Malawi]]</div></div> '''[[Malawi]]''' n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Malawi|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 82 = [[Dosiye:Lake kivu.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Nyamasheke]] '''[[Akarere ka Nyamasheke]]''' ni kamwe mu turere turindwi tugize [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Kari ku [[Ikiyaga cya Kivu]]. Gafite ubuso bwa 1 174 km² n'abaturage 434 221. Kagizwe n'imirenge 15. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Nyamasheke|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 83 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:MaliDjennéMosquée.JPG|180x140px|link=Mali]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Mali.svg|33px|link=Mali]]</div></div> '''[[Mali]]''' ni igihugu cyo muri [[Afurika]] y'Iburengerazuba. Mali ntikora ku nyanja. Umurwa mukuru wayo ni [[Bamako]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Mali|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 84 = [[Dosiye:King's palace in Nyanza.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Nyanza]] '''[[Akarere ka Nyanza]]''' ni kamwe mu turere umunani tugize [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Intara y'Amajyepfo]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Kazwi nk'igicumbi cy'umuco n'amateka by'u Rwanda. Gafite ubuso bwa 671,2 km² n'abaturage 365 718. Kagizwe n'imirenge 10. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Nyanza|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 85 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Tour Hassan-Rabat cropped.jpg|180x140px|link=Maroke]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Morocco.svg|33px|link=Maroke]]</div></div> '''[[Maroke]]''' n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. [[Umurwa]] mukuru wa Maroke witwa [[Rabat]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Maroke|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 86 = [[Dosiye:Nyabarongo River and its surrounding mountain in Rwanda.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Nyarugenge]] '''[[Akarere ka Nyarugenge]]''' ni kamwe mu turere dutatu tugize [[Kigali|Umujyi wa Kigali]], mu [[Rwanda]]. Gafite ubuso bwa 134 km² n'abaturage 374 319. Kagizwe n'imirenge 10. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Nyarugenge|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 87 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:All Gizah Pyramids.jpg|180x140px|link=Misiri]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Egypt.svg|33px|link=Misiri]]</div></div> '''[[Misiri]]''' n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Misiri|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 88 = [[Dosiye:Icyayi cya.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Nyaruguru]] '''[[Akarere ka Nyaruguru]]''' ni kamwe mu turere umunani tugize [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Intara y'Amajyepfo]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Gahana imbibi n'[[Uburundi]]. Gafite ubuso bwa 1 010 km² n'abaturage 318 126. Kagizwe n'imirenge 14. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Nyaruguru|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 89 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Mauritius 23.08.2009 11-42-31.jpg|180x140px|link=Morise]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Mauritius.svg|33px|link=Morise]]</div></div> '''[[Morise]]''' ni igihugu kigizwe n'ibirwa mu Nyanja y'Ubuhinde. Kiri mu burasirazuba bwa [[Madagasikari]]. Umurwa mukuru wacyo ni [[Port Louis]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Morise|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 90 = [[Dosiye:Kivu,Goma and Rubavu On Rwanda Side.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Rubavu]] '''[[Akarere ka Rubavu]]''' ni kamwe mu turere turindwi tugize [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Kari ku [[Ikiyaga cya Kivu]], ku mupaka na [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]]. Gafite ubuso bwa 388,3 km² n'abaturage 546 683. Kagizwe n'imirenge 12. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Rubavu|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 91 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Nouakchott,AlKhaima.jpg|180x140px|link=Moritaniya]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Mauritania.svg|33px|link=Moritaniya]]</div></div> '''[[Moritaniya]]''' n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Moritaniya|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 92 = [[Dosiye:Morning fogs (cropped).jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Ruhango]] '''[[Akarere ka Ruhango]]''' ni kamwe mu turere umunani tugize [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Intara y'Amajyepfo]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Gafite ubuso bwa 628,8 km² n'abaturage 359 121. Kagizwe n'imirenge 9. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Ruhango|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 93 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Mozambique - traditional sailboat.jpg|180x140px|link=Mozambike]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Mozambique.svg|33px|link=Mozambike]]</div></div> '''[[Mozambike]]''' n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. [[Umurwa]] mukuru wa Mozambike witwa [[Maputo]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Mozambike|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 94 = [[Dosiye:Ikirenge museum Rulindo.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Rulindo]] '''[[Akarere ka Rulindo]]''' ni kamwe mu turere dutanu tugize [[Intara y’Amajyaruguru y’u Rwanda|Intara y'Amajyaruguru]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Gafite ubuso bwa 567 km² n'abaturage 360 144. Kagizwe n'imirenge 17. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Rulindo|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 95 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Sossusvlei, Namibia, 2018-08-06, DD 017.jpg|180x140px|link=Namibiya]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Namibia.svg|33px|link=Namibiya]]</div></div> '''[[Namibiya]]''' n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Namibiya|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 96 = [[Dosiye:Rwandan beautifull hills at Cyangugu, cfrt 0783095816.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Rusizi]] '''[[Akarere ka Rusizi]]''' ni kamwe mu turere turindwi tugize [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Kari ku [[Ikiyaga cya Kivu]]. Gahana imbibi n'[[Uburundi]] na [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]]. Gafite ubuso bwa 940,95 km² n'abaturage 485 529. Kagizwe n'imirenge 18. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Rusizi|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 97 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:1997 277-9A Agadez mosque cropped.jpg|180x140px|link=Nigeri]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Niger.svg|33px|link=Nigeri]]</div></div> '''[[Nigeri|Nijeri]]''' n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. [[Umurwa]] mukuru wa Nijeri witwa [[Niamey]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Nigeri|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 98 = [[Dosiye:The 3rd beautiful Rwandan Bridge to prosperity at Rutsiro district, cfr 0788836386.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Rutsiro]] '''[[Akarere ka Rutsiro]]''' ni kamwe mu turere turindwi tugize [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Kari ku [[Ikiyaga cya Kivu]]. Gafite ubuso bwa 1 157,3 km² n'abaturage 369 180. Kagizwe n'imirenge 13. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Rutsiro|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 99 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Zuma Rock.jpg|180x140px|link=Nijeriya]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Nigeria.svg|33px|link=Nijeriya]]</div></div> '''[[Nijeriya]]''' cyangwa '''Nigeriya''', ku mugaragaro '''Repubulika ya Federasiyo ya Nijeriya''', ni [[igihugu]] cyo muri [[Afurika]] y'Iburengerazuba. Umurwa mukuru wacyo ni [[Abuja]], naho umujyi wacyo munini ni Lagos. Ni cyo gihugu gituwe cyane muri Afurika, kikaba kimwe mu bihugu bifite ubukungu bunini kuri uyu mugabane. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Nijeriya|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 100 = [[Dosiye:RwamaganaChurch.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Rwamagana]] '''[[Akarere ka Rwamagana]]''' ni kamwe mu turere turindwi tugize [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Ni ko karimo icyicaro cy'Intara. Umujyi mukuru wako ni [[Rwamagana]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Rwamagana|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 101 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Vue Kinshasa.jpg|180x140px|link=Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.svg|33px|link=Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]]</div></div> '''[[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]]''' ni igihugu cyo muri [[Afurika]] yo Hagati. Kizwi kandi ku izina rya Kongo-Kinshasa. Umurwa mukuru wacyo ni [[Kinshasa]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 102 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Republique Centrafricaine - Boali - Chutes de Boali.jpg|180x140px|link=Repubulika ya Santara Afurika]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of the Central African Republic.svg|33px|link=Repubulika ya Santara Afurika]]</div></div> '''[[Repubulika ya Santara Afurika]]''' n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. [[Umurwa]] mukuru wa Repubulika ya Santara Afurika witwa [[Bangui]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Repubulika ya Santara Afurika|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 103 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:View from Virunga Lodge in Rwanda of Mount Muhavura.jpg|180x140px|link=Rwanda]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Rwanda.svg|33px|link=Rwanda]]</div></div> '''[[Rwanda|U Rwanda]]''' ni igihugu giherereye muri Afurika y'uburasirazuba, mu karere k’[[Ibiyaga Bigari|ibiyaga bigari]]. Umurwa mukuru wacyo ni [[Kigali]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Rwanda|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 104 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Cascade de São Nicolau (São Tomé-et-Principe) (3).jpg|180x140px|link=Sawo Tome na Purensipe]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of São Tomé and Príncipe.svg|33px|link=Sawo Tome na Purensipe]]</div></div> '''[[Sawo Tome na Purensipe]]''' n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Sawo Tome na Purensipe|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 105 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Saint-Louis-du-Sénégal.JPG|180x140px|link=Senegali]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Senegal.svg|33px|link=Senegali]]</div></div> '''[[Senegali]]''' ni [[igihugu]] cyo muri [[Afurika]] y'Iburengerazuba. Umurwa mukuru wacyo ni Dakar. Senegali ihana imbibi na [[Moritaniya]], [[Mali]], [[Gineya]], [[Gineya-Biso]] n'Inyanja ya Atalantika. Igihugu cya [[Gambiya]] kiri hafi ya cyose imbere muri Senegali. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Senegali|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 106 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Fishing in Seychelles.jpg|180x140px|link=Seyishele]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of the Seychelles.svg|33px|link=Seyishele]]</div></div> '''[[Seyishele]]''' n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Seyishele|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 107 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Sierra Leone National Stadium.jpg|180x140px|link=Siyera Lewone]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Sierra Leone.svg|33px|link=Siyera Lewone]]</div></div> '''[[Siyera Lewone]]''' n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Siyera Lewone|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 108 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:MogadishuHeadquarters.jpeg|180x140px|link=Somaliya]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Somalia.svg|33px|link=Somaliya]]</div></div> '''[[Somaliya]]''' ni [[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. [[Umurwa]] mukuru wa Somaliya witwa [[Mogadishu]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Somaliya|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 109 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Khartoum Teaching Hospital 001.jpg|180x140px|link=Sudani]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Sudan.svg|33px|link=Sudani]]</div></div> '''[[Sudani]]''' n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Sudani|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 110 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Mundari tribe in South Sudan.jpg|180x140px|link=Sudani y’Amajyepfo]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of South Sudan.svg|33px|link=Sudani y’Amajyepfo]]</div></div> '''[[Sudani y’Amajyepfo]]''' n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Sudani y’Amajyepfo|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 111 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Dar es salaam City.jpg|180x140px|link=Tanzaniya]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Tanzania.svg|33px|link=Tanzaniya]]</div></div> '''[[Tanzaniya]]''' cyangwa '''Repubulika Yunze Ubumwe ya Tanzaniya''' n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]] y'iburasirazuba. Umurwa mukuru wa Tanzaniya witwa [[Dodoma]]. Umusozi wa [[Umusozi wa Kilimanjaro|Kilimanjaro]], umusozi muremure wa Afurika, uri mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba bwa Tanzaniya. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Tanzaniya|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 112 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Monument of independence Lomé 1968.jpg|180x140px|link=Togo]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Togo (3-2).svg|33px|link=Togo]]</div></div> '''[[Togo]]''' n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Togo|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 113 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Downtown Tunis.jpg|180x140px|link=Tunisiya]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Tunisia.svg|33px|link=Tunisiya]]</div></div> '''[[Tunisiya]]''' cyangwa '''Tuniziya''' n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Tunisiya|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 114 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Yoweri K. Museveni (portrait, 2018).jpg|180x140px|link=Ubugande]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Uganda.svg|33px|link=Ubugande]]</div></div> '''[[Ubugande]]''' cyangwa '''Yuganda''', '''Repubulika y’Ubugande''' n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]] y’Iburasirazuba. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Ubugande|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 115 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Burundi - Lake Tanganyika fisheries.jpg|180x140px|link=Uburundi]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Burundi.svg|33px|link=Uburundi]]</div></div> '''[[Uburundi]]''', ku mugaragaro '''Repubulika y'u Burundi''', ni [[igihugu]] kidakora ku [[inyanja]] giherereye muri [[Afurika]] yo hagati n'iy'Iburasirazuba, mu karere k'Ibiyaga Bigari. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Uburundi|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 116 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Lusaka City Transport.jpg|180x140px|link=Zambiya]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Zambia.svg|33px|link=Zambiya]]</div></div> '''[[Zambiya]]''' n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. [[Umurwa]] mukuru wa Zambiya witwa [[Lusaka]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Zambiya|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 117 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Harare International Airport.jpg|180x140px|link=Zimbabwe]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Zimbabwe.svg|33px|link=Zimbabwe]]</div></div> '''[[Zimbabwe]]''' n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. [[Umurwa]] mukuru wa Zimbabwe witwa [[Harare]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Zimbabwe|Soma byinshi →]]</div> }} <div style="border-top:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle,#dadde3);margin-top:1em;padding-top:0.9em"> <div style="font-size:0.9em;font-weight:700;color:#20603D;margin-bottom:0.4em">🌺 Ibimera n'indabo byo mu Rwanda</div> {{Intangiriro/Ibimera|ingingo}} </div> </div><!-- Ibindi bimera: byuzuza umwanya usigaye iruhande rw'ishusho; ibitagiramo umwanya birahishwa --> <div style="flex:1 1 0;min-height:0;display:flex;flex-direction:column;flex-wrap:wrap;align-content:flex-start;overflow:hidden"> <div style="width:100%;box-sizing:border-box;overflow:hidden;border-top:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle,#dadde3);margin-top:1em;padding-top:0.9em"> {{Intangiriro/Ibimera|ingingo|1}} </div> <div style="width:100%;box-sizing:border-box;overflow:hidden;border-top:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle,#dadde3);margin-top:1em;padding-top:0.9em"> {{Intangiriro/Ibimera|ingingo|2}} </div> <div style="width:100%;box-sizing:border-box;overflow:hidden;border-top:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle,#dadde3);margin-top:1em;padding-top:0.9em"> {{Intangiriro/Ibimera|ingingo|3}} </div> <div style="width:100%;box-sizing:border-box;overflow:hidden;border-top:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle,#dadde3);margin-top:1em;padding-top:0.9em"> {{Intangiriro/Ibimera|ingingo|4}} </div> </div> </div> <div style="flex:1 1 260px;min-width:0;box-sizing:border-box;background:var(--background-color-base,#fff);color:var(--color-base,#202122);border:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle,#dadde3);border-top:4px solid #C99A00;border-radius:12px;padding:0.4em 1.2em 1em;box-shadow:0 2px 6px rgba(0,0,0,0.06)"> <h2 style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:1.25em;font-weight:700;border-bottom:none;margin:0.5em 0 0.6em;padding:0;color:#C99A00">📷 Ishusho y'icyumweru</h2> <div style="overflow:hidden"> {{#switch: {{#expr: {{CURRENTWEEK}} mod 8 }} | 0 = [[Dosiye:NYUNGWE CLOUDS.jpg|center|frameless|upright=1.6|link=Pariki ya Nyungwe|alt=Ibicu hejuru y'ishyamba rya Nyungwe]] <div style="text-align:center;font-size:0.95em;margin-top:0.5em">Ibicu hejuru y'ishyamba rya [[Pariki ya Nyungwe|Nyungwe]]</div> | 1 = [[Dosiye:Mountain gorilla (Gorilla beringei beringei) female 2.jpg|center|frameless|upright=1.6|link=Ingagi zo mu birunga|alt=Ingagi y'ingore yo mu birunga (Gorilla beringei beringei) — reba Ingagi zo mu birunga]] <div style="text-align:center;font-size:0.95em;margin-top:0.5em">Ingagi y'ingore yo mu birunga (''Gorilla beringei beringei'') — reba [[Ingagi zo mu birunga]]</div> | 2 = [[Dosiye:Lake Kivu at dawn.jpg|center|frameless|upright=1.6|link=Ikiyaga cya Kivu|alt=Umuseke ku Ikiyaga cya Kivu]] <div style="text-align:center;font-size:0.95em;margin-top:0.5em">Umuseke ku [[Ikiyaga cya Kivu]]</div> | 3 = [[Dosiye:Golden monkey (Cercopithecus kandti) eating.jpg|center|frameless|upright=1.6|alt=Inkende y'izahabu (Cercopithecus kandti) irya]] <div style="text-align:center;font-size:0.95em;margin-top:0.5em">Inkende y'izahabu (''Cercopithecus kandti'') irya</div> | 4 = [[Dosiye:Mountain Sabyinyo.jpg|center|frameless|upright=1.6|link=Pariki y’Igihugu y’Ibirunga|alt=Ikirunga cya Sabyinyo muri Pariki y’Igihugu y’Ibirunga]] <div style="text-align:center;font-size:0.95em;margin-top:0.5em">Ikirunga cya Sabyinyo muri [[Pariki y’Igihugu y’Ibirunga]]</div> | 5 = [[Dosiye:Rough chameleon (Trioceros rudis).jpg|center|frameless|upright=1.6|link=Uruvu|alt=Uruvu (Trioceros rudis) rwo mu Rwanda]] <div style="text-align:center;font-size:0.95em;margin-top:0.5em">Uruvu (''Trioceros rudis'') rwo mu Rwanda</div> | 6 = [[Dosiye:Where tea meets primary rainforest in Nyungwe.jpg|center|frameless|upright=1.6|link=Pariki ya Nyungwe|alt=Aho imirima y'icyayi ihurira n'ishyamba rya Nyungwe]] <div style="text-align:center;font-size:0.95em;margin-top:0.5em">Aho imirima y'icyayi ihurira n'ishyamba rya [[Pariki ya Nyungwe|Nyungwe]]</div> | 7 = [[Dosiye:Mountain gorilla (Gorilla beringei beringei) yawn.jpg|center|frameless|upright=1.6|link=Ingagi zo mu birunga|alt=Ingagi yo mu birunga yasamye]] <div style="text-align:center;font-size:0.95em;margin-top:0.5em">Ingagi yo mu birunga yasamye</div> }} <div style="border-top:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle,#dadde3);margin-top:1em;padding-top:0.9em"> <div style="font-size:0.9em;font-weight:700;color:#20603D;margin-bottom:0.4em;text-align:center">🌺 Ibimera n'indabo byo mu Rwanda</div> {{Intangiriro/Ibimera|ishusho}} </div> </div> </div> </div> <!-- ==== WARI UZI KO + FASHA ==== --> <div style="display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:16px;margin:16px 0"> <div style="flex:1 1 440px;min-width:0;box-sizing:border-box;background:var(--background-color-base,#fff);color:var(--color-base,#202122);border:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle,#dadde3);border-top:4px solid #20603D;border-radius:12px;padding:0.4em 1.2em 1em;box-shadow:0 2px 6px rgba(0,0,0,0.06)"> <h2 style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:1.25em;font-weight:700;border-bottom:none;margin:0.5em 0 0.6em;padding:0;color:#20603D">💡 Wari uzi ko…</h2> {{#ifexpr: {{#expr: {{CURRENTWEEK}} mod 2 }} = 0 | * … ko '''[[Pariki ya Nyungwe]]''' ari ryo shyamba rinini risigaye mu Rwanda, rifite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 1 019? * … ko '''[[Umuganura]]''' wizihizwa ku wa Gatanu wa mbere w'ukwezi kwa Kanama? * … ko '''[[Pariki y’Igihugu y’Ibirunga]]''' irinda ibirunga bitanu by'urunigi rwa Virunga? * … ko '''[[Ikinyarwanda]]''' kivugwa no mu burasirazuba bwa [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]]? * … ko '''[[Ikirunga cya Karisimbi|Karisimbi]]''' ari cyo kirunga kirekire kurusha ibindi mu birunga bya Virunga, gifite metero 4 507? * … ko '''[[Ikinyarwanda]]''' gifitanye isano ya hafi n'[[Ikirundi]]? * … ko '''[[Ikiyaga cya Kivu]]''' kiri ku mupaka uhuza [[Rwanda|u Rwanda]] na [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]]? | * … ko kuva muri Nzeri 2023 '''[[Pariki ya Nyungwe|Nyungwe]]''' iri ku rutonde rw'Umurage w'Isi wa UNESCO? * … ko amazi y''''[[Ikiyaga cya Kivu]]''' asohoka mu ruzi rwa Ruzizi, akajya mu kiyaga cya Tanganyika? * … ko mu muzinga umwe w''''[[Uruyuki|inzuki]]''' hashobora kubamo ingabo zigera ku 1 500 zigaburirwa n'intazi? * … ko '''[[Ingagi zo mu birunga]]''' ziri mu bwoko bw'inyamaswa buri gucika cyane ku isi? * … ko '''[[Ikiyaga cya Muhazi]]''' ari ikiyaga kirekire giherereye mu burasirazuba bw'[[Rwanda|u Rwanda]]? * … ko '''[[Abamasayi]]''' batuye muri Kenya no mu majyaruguru ya Tanzaniya? * … ko uturere tw'u Rwanda dukora ku '''[[Ikiyaga cya Kivu]]''' ari Rubavu, Rusizi, Ngororero, Karongi na Nyamasheke? }} </div> <div style="flex:1 1 320px;min-width:0;box-sizing:border-box;background:var(--background-color-base,#fff);color:var(--color-base,#202122);border:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle,#dadde3);border-top:4px solid #7A4BB0;border-radius:12px;padding:0.4em 1.2em 1em;box-shadow:0 2px 6px rgba(0,0,0,0.06)"> <h2 style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:1.25em;font-weight:700;border-bottom:none;margin:0.5em 0 0.6em;padding:0;color:#7A4BB0">🤝 Fasha Wikipediya</h2> Wikipediya mu Kinyarwanda ikeneye abanditsi! Ushobora gutangira uyu munsi: <div style="display:flex;gap:10px;align-items:flex-start;margin:8px 0"><span style="flex:0 0 26px;height:26px;line-height:26px;text-align:center;border-radius:50%;background:#20603D;color:#fff;font-weight:700">1</span><div>[[Special:CreateAccount|Fungura konti]] ku buntu (si itegeko, ariko birafasha).</div></div> <div style="display:flex;gap:10px;align-items:flex-start;margin:8px 0"><span style="flex:0 0 26px;height:26px;line-height:26px;text-align:center;border-radius:50%;background:#20603D;color:#fff;font-weight:700">2</span><div>Kosora amakosa, wongere amakuru n'[[Ubufasha:Footnotes|inkomoko]] mu ngingo zisanzwe.</div></div> <div style="display:flex;gap:10px;align-items:flex-start;margin:8px 0"><span style="flex:0 0 26px;height:26px;line-height:26px;text-align:center;border-radius:50%;background:#20603D;color:#fff;font-weight:700">3</span><div>Hindura ingingo ziva mu zindi ndimi ukoresheje [[Special:ContentTranslation|igikoresho cyo guhindura]].</div></div> <div style="display:flex;gap:10px;align-items:flex-start;margin:8px 0"><span style="flex:0 0 26px;height:26px;line-height:26px;text-align:center;border-radius:50%;background:#20603D;color:#fff;font-weight:700">4</span><div>Kwitoza mbere: gerageza ku [[Wikipedia:About the sandbox|rupapuro rw'igerageza]].</div></div> <div style="margin-top:10px;font-size:0.92em">[[Wikipedia:Community Portal|Urubuga rw'abanditsi]] · [[Special:RecentChanges|Impinduka ziheruka]] · [[Special:WantedPages|Ingingo zikenewe]]</div> </div> </div> <!-- ==== INGINGO ZIKUNZWE ==== --> <div style="flex:1 1 100%;min-width:0;box-sizing:border-box;background:var(--background-color-base,#fff);color:var(--color-base,#202122);border:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle,#dadde3);border-top:4px solid #00A1DE;border-radius:12px;padding:0.4em 1.2em 1em;box-shadow:0 2px 6px rgba(0,0,0,0.06)"> <h2 style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:1.25em;font-weight:700;border-bottom:none;margin:0.5em 0 0.6em;padding:0;color:#00A1DE">⭐ Ingingo zasomye cyane</h2> <div style="line-height:2.1"><span style="display:inline-block;margin:2px 3px;padding:2px 12px;border-radius:999px;background:var(--background-color-progressive-subtle,#eaf3ff);border:1px solid var(--border-color-progressive--hover,#a3c4f5)">[[Rwanda]]</span> <span style="display:inline-block;margin:2px 3px;padding:2px 12px;border-radius:999px;background:var(--background-color-progressive-subtle,#eaf3ff);border:1px solid var(--border-color-progressive--hover,#a3c4f5)">[[Imirenge y’u Rwanda]]</span> <span style="display:inline-block;margin:2px 3px;padding:2px 12px;border-radius:999px;background:var(--background-color-progressive-subtle,#eaf3ff);border:1px solid var(--border-color-progressive--hover,#a3c4f5)">[[Burundi]]</span> <span style="display:inline-block;margin:2px 3px;padding:2px 12px;border-radius:999px;background:var(--background-color-progressive-subtle,#eaf3ff);border:1px solid var(--border-color-progressive--hover,#a3c4f5)">[[Nijeriya]]</span> <span style="display:inline-block;margin:2px 3px;padding:2px 12px;border-radius:999px;background:var(--background-color-progressive-subtle,#eaf3ff);border:1px solid var(--border-color-progressive--hover,#a3c4f5)">[[Afurika y’Epfo]]</span> <span style="display:inline-block;margin:2px 3px;padding:2px 12px;border-radius:999px;background:var(--background-color-progressive-subtle,#eaf3ff);border:1px solid var(--border-color-progressive--hover,#a3c4f5)">[[Pariki ya Nyungwe]]</span> <span style="display:inline-block;margin:2px 3px;padding:2px 12px;border-radius:999px;background:var(--background-color-progressive-subtle,#eaf3ff);border:1px solid var(--border-color-progressive--hover,#a3c4f5)">[[Pariki y’Igihugu y’Ibirunga]]</span> <span style="display:inline-block;margin:2px 3px;padding:2px 12px;border-radius:999px;background:var(--background-color-progressive-subtle,#eaf3ff);border:1px solid var(--border-color-progressive--hover,#a3c4f5)">[[Ikiyaga cya Kivu]]</span> <span style="display:inline-block;margin:2px 3px;padding:2px 12px;border-radius:999px;background:var(--background-color-progressive-subtle,#eaf3ff);border:1px solid var(--border-color-progressive--hover,#a3c4f5)">[[Ingagi zo mu birunga]]</span> <span style="display:inline-block;margin:2px 3px;padding:2px 12px;border-radius:999px;background:var(--background-color-progressive-subtle,#eaf3ff);border:1px solid var(--border-color-progressive--hover,#a3c4f5)">[[Ikawa]]</span> <span style="display:inline-block;margin:2px 3px;padding:2px 12px;border-radius:999px;background:var(--background-color-progressive-subtle,#eaf3ff);border:1px solid var(--border-color-progressive--hover,#a3c4f5)">[[Ikinyarwanda]]</span> <span style="display:inline-block;margin:2px 3px;padding:2px 12px;border-radius:999px;background:var(--background-color-progressive-subtle,#eaf3ff);border:1px solid var(--border-color-progressive--hover,#a3c4f5)">[[Ikirundi]]</span> <span style="display:inline-block;margin:2px 3px;padding:2px 12px;border-radius:999px;background:var(--background-color-progressive-subtle,#eaf3ff);border:1px solid var(--border-color-progressive--hover,#a3c4f5)">[[Imigani migufi y’Ikinyarwanda]]</span> <span style="display:inline-block;margin:2px 3px;padding:2px 12px;border-radius:999px;background:var(--background-color-progressive-subtle,#eaf3ff);border:1px solid var(--border-color-progressive--hover,#a3c4f5)">[[Fred Rwigema]]</span> <span style="display:inline-block;margin:2px 3px;padding:2px 12px;border-radius:999px;background:var(--background-color-progressive-subtle,#eaf3ff);border:1px solid var(--border-color-progressive--hover,#a3c4f5)">[[Imihindagurikire y’ibihe]]</span> <span style="display:inline-block;margin:2px 3px;padding:2px 12px;border-radius:999px;background:var(--background-color-progressive-subtle,#eaf3ff);border:1px solid var(--border-color-progressive--hover,#a3c4f5)">[[SIDA]]</span> <span style="display:inline-block;margin:2px 3px;padding:2px 12px;border-radius:999px;background:var(--background-color-progressive-subtle,#eaf3ff);border:1px solid var(--border-color-progressive--hover,#a3c4f5)">[[Ubukirisitu]]</span> <span style="display:inline-block;margin:2px 3px;padding:2px 12px;border-radius:999px;background:var(--background-color-progressive-subtle,#eaf3ff);border:1px solid var(--border-color-progressive--hover,#a3c4f5)">[[Islamu]]</span></div> </div> <!-- ==== INGINGO ZIHERUTSE ==== --> <div style="flex:1 1 100%;min-width:0;box-sizing:border-box;background:var(--background-color-base,#fff);color:var(--color-base,#202122);border:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle,#dadde3);border-top:4px solid #3366CC;border-radius:12px;padding:0.4em 1.2em 1em;box-shadow:0 2px 6px rgba(0,0,0,0.06)"> <h2 style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:1.25em;font-weight:700;border-bottom:none;margin:0.5em 0 0.6em;padding:0;color:#3366CC">✨ Ingingo ziherutse <span class="plainlinks" style="font-size:0.7em;font-weight:normal">([{{fullurl:Intangiriro|action=purge}} <span style="color:#C99700;font-weight:600">⟳ Vugurura</span>])</span></h2> <templatestyles src="Inyandikorugero:Ingingo ziherutse/styles.css" /><div class="ingingo-ziherutse" style="max-height:11em;overflow-y:auto;column-width:18em;column-gap:2em;column-rule:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle,#dadde3);font-size:0.9em;line-height:1.5"> {{Special:NewPages|limit=30|namespace=0|hideredirs=1}} </div> <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Special:NewPages|Reba izindi ngingo ziherutse →]]</div> </div> <!-- ==== IMISHINGA YA WIKIMEDIA ==== --> <div style="flex:1 1 100%;min-width:0;box-sizing:border-box;background:var(--background-color-base,#fff);color:var(--color-base,#202122);border:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle,#dadde3);border-top:4px solid #72777d;border-radius:12px;padding:0.4em 1.2em 1em;box-shadow:0 2px 6px rgba(0,0,0,0.06);margin-top:16px"> <h2 style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:1.25em;font-weight:700;border-bottom:none;margin:0.5em 0 0.6em;padding:0;color:#54595d">🌐 Imishinga ifitanye isano na Wikipediya</h2> Wikipediya icungwa na [[Wikimedia Foundation|Fondasiyo ya Wikimediya]], umuryango udaharanira inyungu unacunga n'indi mishinga y'ubuntu: <div style="display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:4px 12px;margin-top:8px"> <div style="flex:1 1 210px;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;padding:6px 4px">[[Dosiye:Commons-logo.svg|36px|link=commons:|alt=Commons]]<div>'''[[commons:|Commons]]'''<br /><span style="font-size:0.88em;color:var(--color-subtle,#54595d)">Amafoto n’amajwi by’ubuntu</span></div></div> <div style="flex:1 1 210px;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;padding:6px 4px">[[Dosiye:Wikidata-logo.svg|36px|link=d:|alt=Wikidata]]<div>'''[[d:|Wikidata]]'''<br /><span style="font-size:0.88em;color:var(--color-subtle,#54595d)">Ububiko bw’amakuru</span></div></div> <div style="flex:1 1 210px;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;padding:6px 4px">[[Dosiye:Wiktionary-logo.svg|36px|link=wikt:|alt=Wiktionary]]<div>'''[[wikt:|Wiktionary]]'''<br /><span style="font-size:0.88em;color:var(--color-subtle,#54595d)">Inkoranyamagambo</span></div></div> <div style="flex:1 1 210px;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;padding:6px 4px">[[Dosiye:Wikiquote-logo.svg|36px|link=q:|alt=Wikiquote]]<div>'''[[q:|Wikiquote]]'''<br /><span style="font-size:0.88em;color:var(--color-subtle,#54595d)">Amagambo yavuzwe</span></div></div> <div style="flex:1 1 210px;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;padding:6px 4px">[[Dosiye:Wikibooks-logo.svg|36px|link=b:|alt=Wikibooks]]<div>'''[[b:|Wikibooks]]'''<br /><span style="font-size:0.88em;color:var(--color-subtle,#54595d)">Ibitabo by’ubuntu</span></div></div> <div style="flex:1 1 210px;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;padding:6px 4px">[[Dosiye:Wikisource-logo.svg|36px|link=s:|alt=Wikisource]]<div>'''[[s:|Wikisource]]'''<br /><span style="font-size:0.88em;color:var(--color-subtle,#54595d)">Inyandiko z’umwimerere</span></div></div> <div style="flex:1 1 210px;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;padding:6px 4px">[[Dosiye:Wikispecies-logo.svg|36px|link=species:|alt=Wikispecies]]<div>'''[[species:|Wikispecies]]'''<br /><span style="font-size:0.88em;color:var(--color-subtle,#54595d)">Ubwoko bw’ibinyabuzima</span></div></div> <div style="flex:1 1 210px;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;padding:6px 4px">[[Dosiye:Wikiversity logo 2017.svg|36px|link=v:|alt=Wikiversity]]<div>'''[[v:|Wikiversity]]'''<br /><span style="font-size:0.88em;color:var(--color-subtle,#54595d)">Kwiga ku buntu</span></div></div> <div style="flex:1 1 210px;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;padding:6px 4px">[[Dosiye:Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg|36px|link=voy:|alt=Wikivoyage]]<div>'''[[voy:|Wikivoyage]]'''<br /><span style="font-size:0.88em;color:var(--color-subtle,#54595d)">Ubuyobozi bw’ingendo</span></div></div> <div style="flex:1 1 210px;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;padding:6px 4px">[[Dosiye:Wikinews-logo.svg|36px|link=n:|alt=Wikinews]]<div>'''[[n:|Wikinews]]'''<br /><span style="font-size:0.88em;color:var(--color-subtle,#54595d)">Amakuru y’ubuntu</span></div></div> <div style="flex:1 1 210px;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;padding:6px 4px">[[Dosiye:Wikimedia Community Logo.svg|36px|link=m:|alt=Meta-Wiki]]<div>'''[[m:|Meta-Wiki]]'''<br /><span style="font-size:0.88em;color:var(--color-subtle,#54595d)">Guhuza imishinga</span></div></div> <div style="flex:1 1 210px;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;padding:6px 4px">[[Dosiye:MediaWiki-2020-icon.svg|36px|link=mw:|alt=MediaWiki]]<div>'''[[mw:|MediaWiki]]'''<br /><span style="font-size:0.88em;color:var(--color-subtle,#54595d)">Porogaramu ya wiki</span></div></div> </div> </div> <!-- ==== MU ZINDI NDIMI ==== --> <div style="text-align:center;margin:18px 0 6px;font-size:0.95em;color:var(--color-subtle,#54595d)">'''Wikipediya mu zindi ndimi:'''<br />[[:rn:|Ikirundi]] · [[:sw:|Igiswahili]] · [[:lg:|Luganda]] · [[:ln:|Lingala]] · [[:af:|Icyafurikansi]] · [[:ha:|Igihawusa]] · [[:ig:|Icyigibo]] · [[:wo:|Ikiwolofu]] · [[:ar:|Icyarabu]]<br />[[:fr:|Igifaransa]] · [[:en:|Icyongereza]] · [[:de:|Ikidage]] · [[:es:|Icyesipanyolo]] · [[:nl:|Igiholandi]]</div> m7ua74alctpywe76c6n4fw8xihz5a8d 148762 148750 2026-11-03T15:25:58Z Score Beethoven 11559 148762 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOTOC__ __NOEDITSECTION__ <!-- ==== IKAZE (HERO) ==== --> <div style="position:relative;overflow:hidden;border-radius:16px;padding:28px 24px 22px;color:#fff;background:linear-gradient(135deg,#0b5f8f 0%,#00A1DE 45%,#20603D 100%);box-shadow:0 4px 14px rgba(0,0,0,0.15)"> <div style="font-size:1.05em;opacity:0.95">Murakaza neza kuri</div> <div style="font-family:Georgia,'Linux Libertine','Times New Roman',serif;font-size:2.6em;line-height:1.15;font-weight:700;margin:4px 0">Wikipediya mu Kinyarwanda</div> <div style="font-size:1.08em;max-width:46em">Inkoranyabumenyi yubakwa n'abayikoresha, mu rurimi rwacu. Buri wese ashobora kuyisoma no kuyandikaho ku buntu.</div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-top:14px;padding:8px 16px;border-radius:10px;background:rgba(0,0,0,0.22);font-size:1.05em">Ubu ifite ingingo '''[[Special:Statistics|<span style="color:#fff">{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}</span>]]''' zanditswe mu Kinyarwanda</div> <div style="margin-top:14px"><span style="display:inline-block;margin:4px 3px;padding:5px 12px;border-radius:999px;background:rgba(255,255,255,0.18);border:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.45)">[[Special:Random|<span style="color:#fff">🎲 Ingingo zidasanzwe</span>]]</span><span style="display:inline-block;margin:4px 3px;padding:5px 12px;border-radius:999px;background:rgba(255,255,255,0.18);border:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.45)">[[Special:NewPages|<span style="color:#fff">🆕 Ingingo nshya</span>]]</span><span style="display:inline-block;margin:4px 3px;padding:5px 12px;border-radius:999px;background:rgba(255,255,255,0.18);border:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.45)">[[Special:Categories|<span style="color:#fff">🗂️ Ibyiciro</span>]]</span><span style="display:inline-block;margin:4px 3px;padding:5px 12px;border-radius:999px;background:rgba(255,255,255,0.18);border:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.45)">[[Special:CreateAccount|<span style="color:#fff">✍️ Fungura konti</span>]]</span></div> <div style="position:absolute;right:-30px;top:-30px;width:150px;height:150px;border-radius:50%;background:radial-gradient(circle,#FAD201 0%,rgba(250,210,1,0.55) 45%,rgba(250,210,1,0) 70%)"></div> </div> <div style="height:6px;border-radius:3px;margin-top:6px;background:linear-gradient(90deg,#00A1DE 0%,#00A1DE {{#expr:(5+({{#time:N|||1}}-1)*70/6) round 0}}%,#FAD201 {{#expr:(12+({{#time:N|||1}}-1)*70/6) round 0}}%,#FAD201 {{#expr:(17+({{#time:N|||1}}-1)*70/6) round 0}}%,#20603D {{#expr:(22+({{#time:N|||1}}-1)*70/6) round 0}}%,#20603D 100%)"></div> <!-- ==== IMBUGA (PORTAILS) ==== --> <div style="display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:16px;margin:16px 0"> <div style="flex:1 1 115px;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;padding:12px 6px;border-radius:12px;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle,#dadde3)">[[Dosiye:Circle-icons-brush-pencil.svg|48px|link=Wikipedia:Irembo/Ubugeni n'Ubumenyamuntu|alt=Ubugeni n'Ubumenyamuntu]]<div style="font-weight:700;margin-top:6px">[[Wikipedia:Irembo/Ubugeni n'Ubumenyamuntu|Ubugeni n'Ubumenyamuntu]]</div><div style="font-size:0.85em;color:var(--color-subtle,#54595d)">Ubuhanzi, amateka, indimi</div></div> <div style="flex:1 1 115px;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;padding:12px 6px;border-radius:12px;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle,#dadde3)">[[Dosiye:Circle-icons-genius.svg|48px|link=Wikipedia:Irembo/Ubumenyi|alt=Ubumenyi]]<div style="font-weight:700;margin-top:6px">[[Wikipedia:Irembo/Ubumenyi|Ubumenyi]]</div><div style="font-size:0.85em;color:var(--color-subtle,#54595d)">Ubumenyi bwimbitse n’ibintu karemano</div></div> <div style="flex:1 1 115px;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;padding:12px 6px;border-radius:12px;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle,#dadde3)">[[Dosiye:Circle-icons-news.svg|48px|link=Wikipedia:Irembo/Umuryango w'abantu|alt=Umuryango w'abantu]]<div style="font-weight:700;margin-top:6px">[[Wikipedia:Irembo/Umuryango w'abantu|Umuryango w'abantu]]</div><div style="font-size:0.85em;color:var(--color-subtle,#54595d)">Politiki, ubukungu, idini</div></div> <div style="flex:1 1 115px;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;padding:12px 6px;border-radius:12px;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle,#dadde3)">[[Dosiye:Circle-icons-gear.svg|48px|link=Wikipedia:Irembo/Ikoranabuhanga|alt=Ikoranabuhanga]]<div style="font-weight:700;margin-top:6px">[[Wikipedia:Irembo/Ikoranabuhanga|Ikoranabuhanga]]</div><div style="font-size:0.85em;color:var(--color-subtle,#54595d)">Mudasobwa, ubwubatsi, inganda</div></div> <div style="flex:1 1 115px;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;padding:12px 6px;border-radius:12px;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle,#dadde3)">[[Dosiye:Noto Emoji Oreo 1f3c0.svg|48px|link=Wikipedia:Irembo/Ubuzima n'imyidagaduro|alt=Ubuzima n'imyidagaduro]]<div style="font-weight:700;margin-top:6px">[[Wikipedia:Irembo/Ubuzima n'imyidagaduro|Ubuzima n'imyidagaduro]]</div><div style="font-size:0.85em;color:var(--color-subtle,#54595d)">Siporo, ibiryo, umuziki</div></div> </div> <!-- ==== INGINGO Y'ICYUMWERU + ISHUSHO ==== --> <div style="display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:16px;margin:16px 0"> <div style="flex:2 1 440px;min-width:0;box-sizing:border-box;display:flex;flex-direction:column;background:var(--background-color-base,#fff);color:var(--color-base,#202122);border:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle,#dadde3);border-top:4px solid #00A1DE;border-radius:12px;padding:0.4em 1.2em 1em;box-shadow:0 2px 6px rgba(0,0,0,0.06)"> <div> <h2 style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:1.25em;font-weight:700;border-bottom:none;margin:0.5em 0 0.6em;padding:0;color:#00A1DE">📖 Ingingo yatoranyijwe</h2> <!-- Ingingo zihinduka buri minota 20 (ibiyaga, ibihugu bya Afurika, intara n'uturere by'u Rwanda) --> {{#switch: {{#expr: floor({{#time:U}} / 1200) mod 128 }} | 0 = [[Dosiye:Where tea meets primary rainforest in Nyungwe.jpg|right|180px|link=Pariki ya Nyungwe]] '''[[Pariki ya Nyungwe|Pariki y'Igihugu ya Nyungwe]]''' (izwi kandi nka Ishyamba rya Nyungwe) ni pariki iherereye mu majyepfo y'uburengerazuba bw'[[Rwanda|u Rwanda]], ku mupaka w'u Burundi, aho ikomereza muri Pariki ya Kibira. Ifite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 1 019, ikaba ari ryo shyamba rinini risigaye mu Rwanda, kandi ni rimwe mu mashyamba y'imvura ya kera kurusha ayandi muri Afurika. Kuva muri Nzeri 2023, iri ku rutonde rw'Umurage w'Isi wa UNESCO. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Pariki ya Nyungwe|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 1 = [[Dosiye:View of burera lake.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Ikiyaga cya Burera]] '''[[Ikiyaga cya Burera]]''' ni ikiyaga cyo mu majyaruguru y’u [[Rwanda]]. Kiri mu [[Akarere ka Burera]], hafi y’umupaka n’[[Ubugande]]. Ikiyaga cya Burera kiri hejuru y’[[Ikiyaga cya Ruhondo]]. Ibyo biyaga byombi byitwa ibiyaga by’impanga. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Ikiyaga cya Burera|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 2 = [[Dosiye:Lake Kivu at dawn.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Ikiyaga cya Kivu]] '''[[Ikiyaga cya Kivu]]''' ni kimwe mu biyaga bigari bya Afurika. Giherereye ku mupaka uhuza [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]] n'[[Rwanda|u Rwanda]], muri Albertine Rift, ishami ry'iburengerazuba rya Rift ya Afurika. Amazi yacyo asohoka mu ruzi rwa Ruzizi, rutemba rugana mu kiyaga cya Tanganyika. Uturere tw'u Rwanda dukora ku kiyaga ni Rubavu, Rusizi, Ngororero, Karongi na Nyamasheke. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Ikiyaga cya Kivu|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 3 = [[Dosiye:Lake Ruhondo exotic view 01.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Ikiyaga cya Ruhondo]] '''[[Ikiyaga cya Ruhondo]]''' ni ikiyaga cyo mu majyaruguru y'u [[Rwanda]]. Kiri mu [[Intara y’Amajyaruguru y’u Rwanda|Ntara y'Amajyaruguru]], hafi y'umujyi wa Musanze. Ikiyaga cya Ruhondo n'[[Ikiyaga cya Burera]] byitwa «ibiyaga by'impanga». <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Ikiyaga cya Ruhondo|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 4 = [[Dosiye:Mountain Sabyinyo.jpg|right|180px|link=Pariki y’Igihugu y’Ibirunga]] '''[[Pariki y’Igihugu y’Ibirunga|Pariki y'Igihugu y'Ibirunga]]''' ni pariki iherereye mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba bw'[[Rwanda|u Rwanda]], ku mupaka wa [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]] n'Ubugande. Irinda igice cy'u Rwanda cy'urunigi rw'ibirunga rwa Virunga, harimo ibirunga bitanu birimo [[Ikirunga cya Karisimbi|Karisimbi]] na Sabyinyo. Izwi cyane ku isi kubera [[Ingagi zo mu birunga|ingagi zo mu birunga]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Pariki y’Igihugu y’Ibirunga|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 5 = [[Dosiye:Lake Ihema.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Ikiyaga cy'Ihema]] '''Ikiyaga cy'Ihema''' ni ikiyaga cyo mu burasirazuba bw'u [[Rwanda]]. Kiri mu [[Akarere ka Kayonza]], mu majyepfo ya [[Pariki y'Akagera]]. Inkombe yacyo y'iburasirazuba ni umupaka w'u Rwanda na [[Tanzaniya]]. Ikiyaga cy'Ihema ni cyo kiyaga kinini muri Pariki y'Akagera. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Ikiyaga cy'Ihema|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 6 = [[Dosiye:Flag of Rwanda.svg|right|180px|link=Ikinyarwanda]] '''[[Ikinyarwanda]]''' ni ururimi gakondo rw'[[Rwanda|u Rwanda]]. Ijambo « ikinyarwanda » rishobora kandi gusobanura umuco n'imico ikomoka mu Rwanda. Kivugwa mu Rwanda no mu nkengero zarwo, cyane cyane mu burasirazuba bwa [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]] no mu majyepfo y'uburengerazuba bw'Ubugande. Gifitanye isano ya hafi n'[[Ikirundi]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Ikinyarwanda|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 7 = [[Dosiye:ISS006-E-24705 - View of Rwanda (cropped).jpg|right|180x140px|link=Ikiyaga cya Mugesera]] '''[[Ikiyaga cya Mugesera]]''' ni ikiyaga cyo mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]] y'u [[Rwanda]]. Kiri mu [[Akarere ka Ngoma]], mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba bwa [[Kigali]]. Gihana imbibi kandi n'[[Akarere ka Rwamagana]]. Ikiyaga cya Mugesera gifite ubuso bwa km² 39. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Ikiyaga cya Mugesera|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 8 = [[Dosiye:Traditional food from Rwanda.jpg|right|180px|link=Umuganura]] '''[[Umuganura]]''' ni umuhango nyarwanda wizihizwa ku wa Gatanu wa mbere w'ukwezi kwa Kanama, aho Abanyarwanda bizihiza ibyo bagezeho mu buhinzi, mu bworozi no mu burumbuke. Gukomera kuri uyu muhango ni ugusigasira umurage w'u Rwanda, kuko umuganura ukubiyemo indangagaciro zirimo kwishimira umusaruro, gukunda umurimo n'igihugu. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Umuganura|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 9 = [[Dosiye:ISS006-E-24705 - View of Rwanda (cropped Lake Sake).jpg|right|180x140px|link=Ikiyaga cya Sake]] '''[[Ikiyaga cya Sake]]''' ni ikiyaga cyo mu [[Rwanda]]. Giherereye mu [[Akarere ka Ngoma]], mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]]. Iki kiyaga gihana imbibi n'imirenge itatu: Sake, Jarama na Rukumberi. Ni ikiyaga gito kandi kidafite ubujyakuzimu burebure. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Ikiyaga cya Sake|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 10 = [[Dosiye:Honeybee landing on milkthistle02.jpg|right|180px|link=Uruyuki]] '''[[Uruyuki]]''' (ubuke: inzuki; mu kilatini: ''Apis'') ni agasimba k'inigwahabiri kadafite amagufwa, gafite umubiri ugizwe n'ibice bitatu: umutwe, igituza n'inda. Ku mutwe hariho uduhembe tubiri tuzifasha kumenya ibizikikije n'amaso manini abiri. Mu muzinga umwe hashobora kubamo ingabo zigera ku 1 500 zigaburirwa n'intazi. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Uruyuki|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 11 = [[Dosiye:Lakes of Burundi.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Ikiyaga cya Rweru]] '''[[Ikiyaga cya Rweru]]''' ni ikiyaga gihuriweho n'u [[Rwanda]] n'[[Uburundi|u Burundi]]. Kiri ku mupaka w'ibihugu byombi, muri [[Afurika]] yo hagati. Igice kinini cy'ikiyaga kiri mu Burundi. Amazi y'ikiyaga si maremare. Ikiyaga cya Rweru kiri mu biyaga byo mu kibaya cy'[[Umugezi wa Kagera|Akagera]] yo haruguru. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Ikiyaga cya Rweru|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 12 = [[Dosiye:Muhazi Lake.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Ikiyaga cya Muhazi]] '''[[Ikiyaga cya Muhazi]]''' ni ikiyaga kirekire giherereye mu burasirazuba bw'[[Rwanda|u Rwanda]]. Igice kinini cyacyo kiri mu Ntara y'Iburasirazuba, naho impera yacyo y'iburengerazuba igakora umupaka hagati y'Intara y'Amajyaruguru na [[Kigali]]. Ni ikibaya cyuzuyemo amazi kiryamye kuva iburasirazuba ugana iburengerazuba. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Ikiyaga cya Muhazi|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 13 = [[Dosiye:ISS012-E-17845 - View of Rwanda (cropped Lakes Nasho Cyambwe Mpanga).jpg|right|180x140px|link=Ikiyaga cya Nasho]] '''[[Ikiyaga cya Nasho]]''' ni ikiyaga cyo mu burasirazuba bw'[[Rwanda|u Rwanda]]. Giherereye mu [[Umurenge wa Ndego|Murenge wa Ndego]], mu [[Akarere ka Kayonza]], mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba|Ntara y'Iburasirazuba]]. Ikiyaga cya Nasho gifite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 13,7. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Ikiyaga cya Nasho|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 14 = [[Dosiye:Maasai boys in hunting gear.jpg|right|180px|link=Abamasayi]] '''[[Abamasayi]]''' ni ubwoko bw'abantu batuye mu majyaruguru, hagati no mu majyepfo ya Kenya, no mu majyaruguru ya Tanzaniya. Bari mu baturage bazwi cyane ku rwego mpuzamahanga, bitewe n'aho batuye hafi ya pariki nyinshi zo mu karere k'Ibiyaga Bigari bya Afurika, n'imigenzo yabo, imyambarire n'imitako byabo bwite. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Abamasayi|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 15 = [[Dosiye:Lac Cohoha (redressé et recadré).jpg|right|180x140px|link=Ikiyaga cya Cohoha]] '''Ikiyaga cya Cyohoha y'Amajyepfo''' (mu Burundi: Cohoha) ni ikiyaga gihuriweho n'u [[Rwanda]] n'[[Uburundi|u Burundi]]. Kiri ku mupaka uhuza amajyepfo y'u Rwanda n'amajyaruguru y'u Burundi, mu gace ka Bugesera. Ikiyaga kigenda kigabanuka. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Ikiyaga cya Cohoha|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 16 = [[Dosiye:ISS012-E-17842 - View of Burundi (cropped Lake Cyohoha North).jpg|right|180x140px|link=Ikiyaga cya Cyohoha y'amajyaruguru]] '''Ikiyaga cya Cyohoha y'amajyaruguru''' ni ikiyaga cyo mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]] y'u [[Rwanda]]. Kiri mu [[Akarere ka Bugesera]]. Kiri mu majyaruguru y'[[Ikiyaga cya Cohoha|Ikiyaga cya Cyohoha y'amajyepfo]]. Ikiyaga cya Cyohoha y'amajyaruguru cyakamye hafi ya cyose mu ntangiriro z'imyaka ya 2000. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Ikiyaga cya Cyohoha y'amajyaruguru|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 17 = [[Dosiye:The Mihindi Lake - Flickr - askmeaks.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Ikiyaga cya Mihindi]] '''[[Ikiyaga cya Mihindi]]''' ni ikiyaga cyo mu burasirazuba bw'u [[Rwanda]]. Kiri muri [[Pariki y'Akagera|Pariki y'Igihugu y'Akagera]], mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba|Ntara y'Iburasirazuba]]. Kiri hafi y'umupaka wa [[Tanzaniya]]. Ikiyaga cya Mihindi gifite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 10,9. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Ikiyaga cya Mihindi|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 18 = '''[[Ikiyaga cya Rwanyakazinga]]''' ni ikiyaga cyo mu [[Rwanda]]. Kiri muri [[Pariki y'Akagera|Pariki y'Igihugu y'Akagera]], mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba|Ntara y'Iburasirazuba]]. Ni ikiyaga cya kabiri kinini muri pariki, nyuma y'Ikiyaga cya Ihema. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Ikiyaga cya Rwanyakazinga|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 19 = '''[[Ikiyaga cya Nyirakigugu]]''' ni ikiyaga gito cyo mu [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba]] y'u [[Rwanda]]. Kiri mu Murenge wa Jenda, mu [[Akarere ka Nyabihu]]. Kiri hafi y'umuhanda wa kaburimbo uva i [[Akarere ka Musanze|Musanze]] ujya i [[Akarere ka Rubavu|Rubavu]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Ikiyaga cya Nyirakigugu|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 20 = '''[[Ikiyaga cya cyabayaga|Ikiyaga cya Cyabayaga]]''' ni ikiyaga gihangano cyo mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]] y'u [[Rwanda]]. Kiri mu [[Akarere ka Nyagatare]]. Cyashyizweho mu mwaka wa 2004. Amazi y'Ikiyaga cya Cyabayaga yuhira [[Umuceli|umuceri]]. Ikiyaga kirororerwamo [[amafi]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Ikiyaga cya cyabayaga|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 21 = '''[[Ikiyaga cya Cyambwe]]''' ni ikiyaga cyo mu burasirazuba bw'[[Rwanda|u Rwanda]]. Giherereye mu [[Akarere ka Kirehe]], mu Murenge wa Nasho. Ikiyaga cya Cyambwe kiri hafi y'[[Ikiyaga cya Nasho]]. Kibamo amafi, imvubu n'ingona. Amazi yacyo akoreshwa mu kuhira imyaka. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Ikiyaga cya Cyambwe|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 22 = [[Dosiye:Bisoke Crater View.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Ikiyaga cya Bisoke]] '''[[Ikiyaga cya Bisoke]]''' ni ikiyaga kiri ku gasongero k'[[Ikirunga cya Bisoke]], mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba bw'[[Rwanda|u Rwanda]]. Ni ikiyaga kiri mu mwobo w'ikirunga (''crater lake''). Ikiyaga cya Bisoke ni hamwe mu hantu nyaburanga mu Rwanda. Ba mukerarugendo benshi barakizamuka kugira ngo bakirebe. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Ikiyaga cya Bisoke|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 23 = [[Dosiye:ISS006-E-24705 - View of Rwanda (cropped Lake Birira).jpg|right|180x140px|link=Ikiyaga cya Birira]] '''[[Ikiyaga cya Birira]]''' ni ikiyaga cyo mu [[Rwanda]]. Giherereye mu [[Akarere ka Ngoma]], mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]]. Ikiyaga cya Birira kiri mu biyaga byo mu kibaya cy'[[Umugezi wa Kagera|Akagera]] yo haruguru. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Ikiyaga cya Birira|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 24 = '''[[Ikiyaga cya Hago]]''' ni ikiyaga cyo mu burasirazuba bw'[[Rwanda|u Rwanda]]. Kiri muri [[Pariki y'Akagera]], mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba|Ntara y'Iburasirazuba]]. Ikiyaga cya Hago gifite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 16,1. Ubujyakuzimu bwacyo ntiburenga metero 5,8. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Ikiyaga cya Hago|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 25 = '''[[Ikiyaga cya Karago]]''' ni ikiyaga gito cyo mu [[Rwanda]]. Giherereye mu [[Akarere ka Nyabihu]], mu [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba]]. Ikiyaga cya Karago kiri ku butumburuke burenga m 2 300. Mu mwaka wa 2022, bashyizemo amagi y'amafi kugira ngo umusaruro wiyongere. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Ikiyaga cya Karago|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 26 = '''[[Ikiyaga cya Kivumba]]''' ni ikiyaga cyo mu burasirazuba bw'[[Rwanda|u Rwanda]]. Kiri muri [[Pariki y'Akagera]]. Ikiyaga cya Kivumba kiri mu biyaga byo mu kibaya cyo hasi cy'[[Umugezi wa Akagera|umugezi w'Akagera]]. Ntikigira ubujyakuzimu bunini. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Ikiyaga cya Kivumba|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 27 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Cape-town-port-boats.jpg|180x140px|link=Afurika y’Epfo]]<div style="position:absolute;top:6px;right:6px;line-height:0;opacity:0.75;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of South Africa.svg|72px|link=Afurika y’Epfo]]</div></div> '''[[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika y'Epfo]]''' ni igihugu giherereye mu majyepfo y'umugabane wa [[Afurika]]. Kigizwe n'intara icyenda. Gihana imbibi na [[Namibiya]], [[Botswana]], [[Zimbabwe]], [[Mozambike]] na [[Eswatini]], kandi kizengurutse igihugu cya [[Lesoto]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Afurika y’Epfo|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 28 = [[Dosiye:Rwanda Provinces 2006.png|right|180x140px|link=Intara z’u Rwanda]] '''[[Intara z’u Rwanda]]''' ni inzego nini z’ubutegetsi bw’[[Rwanda|u Rwanda]]. U Rwanda rufite intara enye n’[[Kigali|Umujyi wa Kigali]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Intara z’u Rwanda|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 29 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Annaba, algeria04.jpg|180x140px|link=Aligeriya]]<div style="position:absolute;top:6px;right:6px;line-height:0;opacity:0.75;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Algeria.svg|72px|link=Aligeriya]]</div></div> '''[[Aligeriya]]''' n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. Igihugu gituwe n’abaturage bagera kuri 47,400,000 (2025), batuye ku buso bwa km² 2,381,741. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Aligeriya|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 30 = [[Dosiye:Kigali2018Cropped.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Kigali]] '''[[Kigali]]''' ni umurwa mukuru w’[[Rwanda|u Rwanda]]. Kigali iri hagati mu gihugu. Kigali yabaye umurwa mukuru igihe u Rwanda rwabonaga ubwigenge muri 1962. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Kigali|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 31 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Morro do Moco, Huambo, Angola.jpg|180x140px|link=Angola]]<div style="position:absolute;top:6px;right:6px;line-height:0;opacity:0.75;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Angola.svg|72px|link=Angola]]</div></div> '''[[Angola]]''' ni igihugu cyo muri [[Afurika]]. Angola ikora ku Nyanja ya Atalantika. Umurwa mukuru wayo ni Luanda. Ururimi rwemewe ni Igiporutigali. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Angola|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 32 = [[Dosiye:Lake Ruhondo.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Intara y’Amajyaruguru y’u Rwanda]] '''[[Intara y’Amajyaruguru y’u Rwanda|Intara y’Amajyaruguru]]''' ni imwe mu [[Intara z’u Rwanda|ntara enye z’u Rwanda]]. Iri mu majyaruguru y’igihugu. Ibiro byayo biri mu [[Akarere ka Musanze]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Intara y’Amajyaruguru y’u Rwanda|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 33 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Des barques au port de pêche de Cotonou au Bénin.jpg|180x140px|link=Bene]]<div style="position:absolute;top:6px;right:6px;line-height:0;opacity:0.75;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Benin.svg|72px|link=Bene]]</div></div> '''[[Bene]]''' ni igihugu cyo muri [[Afurika]] y'Iburengerazuba. Mbere y'umwaka wa 1975, Bene yitwaga Dahomey. Umurwa mukuru ni Porto-Novo. Icyicaro cya guverinoma kiri i Cotonou. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Bene|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 34 = [[Dosiye:Akagera National Park Giraffes.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Intara y'Iburasirazuba]] '''[[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]]''' ni imwe mu [[Intara z’u Rwanda|ntara enye z'u Rwanda]]. Iri mu burasirazuba bw'igihugu. Icyicaro cyayo kiri i [[Rwamagana]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Intara y'Iburasirazuba|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 35 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Okavango Delta, Botswana (2674364913).jpg|180x140px|link=Botswana]]<div style="position:absolute;top:6px;right:6px;line-height:0;opacity:0.75;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Botswana.svg|72px|link=Botswana]]</div></div> '''[[Botswana]]''' ni igihugu cyo muri Afurika y'Amajyepfo. Botswana ntikora ku nyanja. Umurwa mukuru wayo ni [[Gaborone]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Botswana|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 36 = [[Dosiye:Southern Province, Rwanda.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Intara y'amajyepfo]] '''[[Intara y'amajyepfo|Intara y’Amajyepfo]]''' ni imwe mu [[Intara z’u Rwanda|ntara enye z’u Rwanda]]. Iri mu majyepfo y’igihugu. Icyicaro cyayo kiri mu [[Akarere ka Nyanza|Karere ka Nyanza]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Intara y'amajyepfo|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 37 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Tiebele village in Burkina Faso 04.jpg|180x140px|link=Burukina Faso]]<div style="position:absolute;top:6px;right:6px;line-height:0;opacity:0.75;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Burkina Faso.svg|72px|link=Burukina Faso]]</div></div> '''[[Burukina Faso]]''' ni igihugu cyo muri Afurika y'Iburengerazuba. Burukina Faso ntikora ku nyanja. Umurwa mukuru wayo ni [[Wagadugu]]. Mbere y'umwaka wa 1984, iki gihugu cyitwaga Volta y'Haruguru. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Burukina Faso|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 38 = [[Dosiye:Scenery in Hills above Lake Kivu - Near Karongi-Kibuye - Western Rwanda - 02.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Intara y'Uburengerazuba]] '''[[Intara y'Uburengerazuba|Intara y'Iburengerazuba]]''' ni imwe mu [[Intara z’u Rwanda|ntara enye z'u Rwanda]]. Iri mu burengerazuba bw'igihugu. Icyicaro cyayo kiri mu [[Akarere ka Karongi|Karere ka Karongi]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Intara y'Uburengerazuba|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 39 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Well of the Young Girls in the Ennedi Mountains - northeastern Chad 2015.jpg|180x140px|link=Cade]]<div style="position:absolute;top:6px;right:6px;line-height:0;opacity:0.75;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Chad.svg|72px|link=Cade]]</div></div> '''[[Cade]]''' cyangwa '''Cadi''' n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Cade|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 40 = [[Dosiye:RwandaDists.png|right|180x140px|link=Uturere tw’u Rwanda]] '''[[Uturere tw’u Rwanda]]''' ni inzego z’ubutegetsi z’[[Rwanda|u Rwanda]] ziri munsi y’intara. U Rwanda rufite uturere 30. Uturere 27 turi mu [[Intara z’u Rwanda|ntara]] enye. Uturere dutatu turi mu [[Kigali|Mujyi wa Kigali]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 41 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:An old house in the European quarter built during Italian Eritrea in the early 19th century in Asmara, Eritrea.jpg|180x140px|link=Eritereya]]<div style="position:absolute;top:6px;right:6px;line-height:0;opacity:0.75;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Eritrea.svg|72px|link=Eritereya]]</div></div> '''[[Eritereya]]''' n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. [[Umurwa]] mukuru w’u Eritereya witwa [[Asmara]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Eritereya|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 42 = [[Dosiye:Lake view at gashora.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Bugesera]] '''[[Akarere ka Bugesera]]''' ni kamwe mu turere turindwi tugize [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Gaherereye mu majyepfo y'iburasirazuba bw'u Rwanda. Gahana imbibi n'[[Uburundi]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Bugesera|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 43 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Mbabane Landscape.jpg|180x140px|link=Eswatini]]<div style="position:absolute;top:6px;right:6px;line-height:0;opacity:0.75;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Eswatini.svg|72px|link=Eswatini]]</div></div> '''[[Eswatini]]''' n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]] y’Amajyepfo. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Eswatini|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 44 = [[Dosiye:Lake Burera in Rwanda.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Burera]] '''[[Akarere ka Burera]]''' ni kamwe mu turere dutanu tugize [[Intara y’Amajyaruguru y’u Rwanda|Intara y'Amajyaruguru]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Gahana imbibi na [[Ubugande|Uganda]]. Gafite ubuso bwa 644,5 km² n'abaturage 387 729. Kagizwe n'imirenge 17. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Burera|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 45 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Addis Ababa (16314616596).jpg|180x140px|link=Etiyopiya]]<div style="position:absolute;top:6px;right:6px;line-height:0;opacity:0.75;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Ethiopia.svg|72px|link=Etiyopiya]]</div></div> '''[[Etiyopiya]]''' n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. [[Umurwa]] mukuru w’u Etiyopiya witwa [[Addis Ababa]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Etiyopiya|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 46 = [[Dosiye:GAKENKE District.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Gakenke]] '''[[Akarere ka Gakenke]]''' ni kamwe mu turere dutanu tugize [[Intara y’Amajyaruguru y’u Rwanda|Intara y'Amajyaruguru]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Gafite ubuso bwa 704,06 km² n'abaturage 365 292. Kagizwe n'imirenge 19. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Gakenke|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 47 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Éléphant du Gabon.jpg|180x140px|link=Gabon]]<div style="position:absolute;top:6px;right:6px;line-height:0;opacity:0.75;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Gabon.svg|72px|link=Gabon]]</div></div> '''[[Gabon]]''' cyangwa '''Gabo''' n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]] yo Hagati. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Gabon|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 48 = [[Dosiye:KIGALI city view.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Gasabo]] '''[[Akarere ka Gasabo]]''' ni kamwe mu turere dutatu tugize [[Kigali|Umujyi wa Kigali]], mu [[Rwanda]]. Gafite ubuso bwa 430,3 km² n'abaturage 879 505. Kagizwe n'imirenge 15. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Gasabo|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 49 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Banjul-uitzicht.jpg|180x140px|link=Gambiya]]<div style="position:absolute;top:6px;right:6px;line-height:0;opacity:0.75;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of The Gambia.svg|72px|link=Gambiya]]</div></div> '''[[Gambiya]]''' n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. [[Umurwa]] mukuru wa Gambiya witwa [[Banjul]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Gambiya|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 50 = [[Dosiye:Rwanda Mountain at Gatsibo.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Gatsibo]] '''[[Akarere ka Gatsibo]]''' ni kamwe mu turere turindwi tugize [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Gaherereye iburasirazuba bw'Intara. Gafite ubuso bwa 1 585,3 km² n'abaturage 551 164. Kagizwe n'imirenge 14. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Gatsibo|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 51 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Accra General Post Office.jpg|180x140px|link=Gana]]<div style="position:absolute;top:6px;right:6px;line-height:0;opacity:0.75;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Ghana.svg|72px|link=Gana]]</div></div> '''[[Gana]]''' n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. [[Umurwa]] mukuru wa Gana witwa [[Accra]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Gana|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 52 = [[Dosiye:Uruganda rw'icyayi rwo ku mulindi.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Gicumbi]] '''[[Akarere ka Gicumbi]]''' ni kamwe mu turere dutanu tugize [[Intara y’Amajyaruguru y’u Rwanda|Intara y'Amajyaruguru]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Gaherereye mu burasirazuba bw'iyi ntara. Umujyi wako mukuru ni [[Byumba]]. Gafite ubuso bwa 828,9 km² n'abaturage 448 824. Kagizwe n'imirenge 21. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Gicumbi|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 53 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Taxi Guinée.jpg|180x140px|link=Gineya]]<div style="position:absolute;top:6px;right:6px;line-height:0;opacity:0.75;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Guinea.svg|72px|link=Gineya]]</div></div> '''[[Gineya]]''' n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Gineya|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 54 = [[Dosiye:KabuyeGenocideMemorial12.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Gisagara]] '''[[Akarere ka Gisagara]]''' ni kamwe mu turere umunani tugize [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Intara y'Amajyepfo]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Gahana imbibi n'[[Uburundi]]. Gafite ubuso bwa 679 km² n'abaturage 397 051. Kagizwe n'imirenge 13. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Gisagara|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 55 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Port of Malabo 1.jpg|180x140px|link=Gineya Ekwatoriyale]]<div style="position:absolute;top:6px;right:6px;line-height:0;opacity:0.75;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Equatorial Guinea.svg|72px|link=Gineya Ekwatoriyale]]</div></div> '''[[Gineya Ekwatoriyale]]''' ni igihugu cyo muri [[Afurika]]. Kiri ku nkombe y'iburengerazuba bwa Afurika. Kigizwe n'igice kiri ku mugabane n'ibirwa bitanu. Umurwa mukuru ni Ciudad de la Paz kuva mu 2026. Mbere, umurwa mukuru wari [[Malabo]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Gineya Ekwatoriyale|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 56 = [[Dosiye:Arboretum of Ruhande in Rwanda.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Huye]] '''[[Akarere ka Huye]]''' ni kamwe mu turere umunani tugize [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Intara y'Amajyepfo]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Gafite ubuso bwa 581,5 km² n'abaturage 381 900. Kagizwe n'imirenge 14. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Huye|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 57 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Biso kotuwa.jpg|180x140px|link=Gineya-Biso]]<div style="position:absolute;top:6px;right:6px;line-height:0;opacity:0.75;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Guinea-Bissau.svg|72px|link=Gineya-Biso]]</div></div> '''[[Gineya-Biso]]''' ni igihugu cyo muri [[Afurika]] y'Iburengerazuba. Gikora ku Nyanja ya Atalantika. Umurwa mukuru wacyo ni [[Biso]]. Ururimi rwemewe ni Igiporutigali. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Gineya-Biso|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 58 = [[Dosiye:A view of Nyabarongo river.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Kamonyi]] '''[[Akarere ka Kamonyi]]''' ni kamwe mu turere umunani tugize [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Intara y'Amajyepfo]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Gafite ubuso bwa 655,5 km² n'abaturage 450 849. Kagizwe n'imirenge 12. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Kamonyi|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 59 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Lake Assal 1-Djibouti.jpg|180x140px|link=Jibuti]]<div style="position:absolute;top:6px;right:6px;line-height:0;opacity:0.75;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Djibouti.svg|72px|link=Jibuti]]</div></div> '''[[Jibuti]]''' ni igihugu cyo mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba bwa [[Afurika]]. Jibuti ihana imbibi na [[Eritereya]], [[Etiyopiya]] na [[Somaliya]]. Jibuti ikora ku Kigobe cya Aden. Umurwa mukuru wayo ni umujyi wa Jibuti. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Jibuti|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 60 = [[Dosiye:Kibuye view.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Karongi]] '''[[Akarere ka Karongi]]''' ni kamwe mu turere turindwi tugize [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Kari ku [[Ikiyaga cya Kivu]]. Gafite ubuso bwa 993 km² n'abaturage 373 869. Kagizwe n'imirenge 13. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Karongi|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 61 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Mount Cameroon, Buea in the wee hours of a clear morning.jpg|180x140px|link=Kameruni]]<div style="position:absolute;top:6px;right:6px;line-height:0;opacity:0.75;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Cameroon.svg|72px|link=Kameruni]]</div></div> '''[[Kameruni]]''' ni igihugu cyo muri [[Afurika]]. Umurwa mukuru ni Yaoundé. Indimi zemewe ni Igifaransa n'Icyongereza. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Kameruni|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 62 = [[Dosiye:Wild sunset.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Kayonza]] '''[[Akarere ka Kayonza]]''' ni kamwe mu turere turindwi tugize [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Gafite ubuso bwa 1 935 km² n'abaturage 457 156. Kagizwe n'imirenge 12. Ni amarembo ya [[Pariki y'Akagera]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Kayonza|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 63 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Satellite image of Cape Verde in December 2002.jpg|180x140px|link=Kapu Veri]]<div style="position:absolute;top:6px;right:6px;line-height:0;opacity:0.75;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Cape Verde (10-17).svg|72px|link=Kapu Veri]]</div></div> '''[[Kapu Veri]]''' ni igihugu kigizwe n'ibirwa mu Nyanja ya Atalantika. Kiri ku kilometero bigera kuri 600 uvuye ku nkombe ya [[Senegali]]. Umurwa mukuru wacyo ni Praia. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Kapu Veri|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 64 = [[Dosiye:Gahanga Cricket Oval in Kicukiro.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Kicukiro]] '''[[Akarere ka Kicukiro]]''' ni kamwe mu turere dutatu tugize [[Kigali|Umujyi wa Kigali]], mu [[Rwanda]]. Gafite ubuso bwa 166,7 km² n'abaturage 491 731. Kagizwe n'imirenge 10. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Kicukiro|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 65 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Mount Kenya.jpg|180x140px|link=Kenya]]<div style="position:absolute;top:6px;right:6px;line-height:0;opacity:0.75;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Kenya.svg|72px|link=Kenya]]</div></div> '''[[Kenya]]''' ni igihugu cyo muri [[Afurika]] y'Iburasirazuba. Umurwa mukuru ni [[Nairobi]]. Indimi zemewe ni Igiswahili n'Icyongereza. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Kenya|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 66 = [[Dosiye:ICYUZI.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Kirehe]] '''[[Akarere ka Kirehe]]''' ni kamwe mu turere turindwi tugize [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Gaherereye mu majyepfo y'iburasirazuba bw'u Rwanda. Gafite ubuso bwa 1 118,5 km² n'abaturage 460 860. Kagizwe n'imirenge 12. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Kirehe|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 67 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Shores Moroni.jpg|180x140px|link=Komore]]<div style="position:absolute;top:6px;right:6px;line-height:0;opacity:0.75;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of the Comoros.svg|72px|link=Komore]]</div></div> '''[[Komore]]''' ni igihugu kigizwe n'ibirwa mu Nyanja y'Ubuhinde. Kiri hagati ya [[Madagasikari]] na [[Mozambike]]. Umurwa mukuru wacyo ni [[Moroni]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Komore|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 68 = [[Dosiye:Kabgayi Basilica Catholic Church.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Muhanga]] '''[[Akarere ka Muhanga]]''' ni kamwe mu turere umunani tugize [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Intara y'Amajyepfo]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Gafite ubuso bwa 647,7 km² n'abaturage 369 491. Kagizwe n'imirenge 12. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Muhanga|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 69 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Congo Brazzaville 2014.png|180x140px|link=Kongo]]<div style="position:absolute;top:6px;right:6px;line-height:0;opacity:0.75;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of the Republic of the Congo.svg|72px|link=Kongo]]</div></div> '''[[Kongo]]''' cyangwa '''Repubulika ya Kongo''' n’[[igihugu]] cya [[Afurika]] yo Hagati, giherereye iburengerazuba bwa [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]]. Cyahoze cyitwa Kongo Brazzaville. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Kongo|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 70 = [[Dosiye:This picture was taken in Musanze District which is location in the Northern Province of Rwanda 03.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Musanze]] '''[[Akarere ka Musanze]]''' ni kamwe mu turere dutanu tugize [[Intara y’Amajyaruguru y’u Rwanda|Intara y'Amajyaruguru]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Gafite ubuso bwa 530,2 km² n'abaturage 476 522. Kagizwe n'imirenge 15. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Musanze|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 71 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Public Transport in Abidjan, Ivory Coast 12.jpg|180x140px|link=Kote Divuwari]]<div style="position:absolute;top:6px;right:6px;line-height:0;opacity:0.75;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Cote d'Ivoire.svg|72px|link=Kote Divuwari]]</div></div> '''[[Kote Divuwari]]''' n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Kote Divuwari|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 72 = [[Dosiye:Sholi horizon (cropped).jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Ngoma]] '''[[Akarere ka Ngoma]]''' ni kamwe mu turere turindwi tugize [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Ibiro byako biri i Kibungo. Gafite ubuso bwa 867,74 km² n'abaturage 404 048. Kagizwe n'imirenge 14. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Ngoma|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 73 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Katse Dam.jpg|180x140px|link=Lesoto]]<div style="position:absolute;top:6px;right:6px;line-height:0;opacity:0.75;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Lesotho.svg|72px|link=Lesoto]]</div></div> '''[[Lesoto]]''' ni igihugu cyo muri [[Afurika]] y'Amajyepfo. Kizengurutswe na [[Afurika y’Epfo]] impande zose. Umurwa mukuru ni [[Maseru]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Lesoto|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 74 = [[Dosiye:Ibyiza bitatse akarere ka Ngororero (cropped).jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Ngororero]] '''[[Akarere ka Ngororero]]''' ni kamwe mu turere turindwi tugize [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Kagizwe n'imisozi miremire n'ibibaya. Gafite ubuso bwa 679 km² n'abaturage 367 955. Kagizwe n'imirenge 13. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Ngororero|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 75 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Downtown Monrovia 3348917715 67a2002529.jpg|180x140px|link=Liberiya]]<div style="position:absolute;top:6px;right:6px;line-height:0;opacity:0.75;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Liberia.svg|72px|link=Liberiya]]</div></div> '''[[Liberiya]]''' ni igihugu cyo muri [[Afurika]] y'Iburengerazuba. Umurwa mukuru ni Monrovia. Ururimi rwemewe ni Icyongereza. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Liberiya|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 76 = [[Dosiye:Gusarura Icyayi.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Nyabihu]] '''[[Akarere ka Nyabihu]]''' ni kamwe mu turere turindwi tugize [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Ibiro byako biri mu Murenge wa Mukamira. Gafite ubuso bwa 531,5 km² n'abaturage 319 047. Kagizwe n'imirenge 12. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Nyabihu|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 77 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Tripoli Skyline edit.jpg|180x140px|link=Libiya]]<div style="position:absolute;top:6px;right:6px;line-height:0;opacity:0.75;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Libya.svg|72px|link=Libiya]]</div></div> '''[[Libiya]]''' ni igihugu cyo muri [[Afurika]] y'Amajyaruguru. Umurwa mukuru ni Tripoli. Ururimi rwemewe ni Icyarabu. Igice kinini cy'igihugu kiri mu butayu bwa Sahara. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Libiya|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 78 = [[Dosiye:Vache de Nyagatare 3.JPG|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Nyagatare]] '''[[Akarere ka Nyagatare]]''' ni kamwe mu turere turindwi tugize [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Gahana imbibi na [[Ubugande]] na [[Tanzaniya]]. Gafite ubuso bwa 1 919 km² n'abaturage 653 861. Kagizwe n'imirenge 14. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Nyagatare|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 79 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Allée des Baobabs near Morondava, Madagascar.jpg|180x140px|link=Madagasikari]]<div style="position:absolute;top:6px;right:6px;line-height:0;opacity:0.75;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Madagascar.svg|72px|link=Madagasikari]]</div></div> '''[[Madagasikari]]''' ni igihugu kiri ku kirwa mu Nyanja y'Abahinde. Kiri hafi y'inkombe y'amajyepfo y'uburasirazuba bwa [[Afurika]]. Umurwa mukuru ni [[Antananarivo]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Madagasikari|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 80 = [[Dosiye:Hills of Nyamagabe in Rwanda.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Nyamagabe]] '''[[Akarere ka Nyamagabe]]''' ni kamwe mu turere umunani tugize [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Intara y'Amajyepfo]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Gafite ubuso bwa 1 090 km² n'abaturage 371 501. Kagizwe n'imirenge 17. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Nyamagabe|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 81 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Ilala on malawi lake.jpg|180x140px|link=Malawi]]<div style="position:absolute;top:6px;right:6px;line-height:0;opacity:0.75;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Malawi.svg|72px|link=Malawi]]</div></div> '''[[Malawi]]''' n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Malawi|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 82 = [[Dosiye:Lake kivu.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Nyamasheke]] '''[[Akarere ka Nyamasheke]]''' ni kamwe mu turere turindwi tugize [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Kari ku [[Ikiyaga cya Kivu]]. Gafite ubuso bwa 1 174 km² n'abaturage 434 221. Kagizwe n'imirenge 15. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Nyamasheke|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 83 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:MaliDjennéMosquée.JPG|180x140px|link=Mali]]<div style="position:absolute;top:6px;right:6px;line-height:0;opacity:0.75;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Mali.svg|72px|link=Mali]]</div></div> '''[[Mali]]''' ni igihugu cyo muri [[Afurika]] y'Iburengerazuba. Mali ntikora ku nyanja. Umurwa mukuru wayo ni [[Bamako]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Mali|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 84 = [[Dosiye:King's palace in Nyanza.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Nyanza]] '''[[Akarere ka Nyanza]]''' ni kamwe mu turere umunani tugize [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Intara y'Amajyepfo]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Kazwi nk'igicumbi cy'umuco n'amateka by'u Rwanda. Gafite ubuso bwa 671,2 km² n'abaturage 365 718. Kagizwe n'imirenge 10. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Nyanza|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 85 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Tour Hassan-Rabat cropped.jpg|180x140px|link=Maroke]]<div style="position:absolute;top:6px;right:6px;line-height:0;opacity:0.75;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Morocco.svg|72px|link=Maroke]]</div></div> '''[[Maroke]]''' n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. [[Umurwa]] mukuru wa Maroke witwa [[Rabat]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Maroke|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 86 = [[Dosiye:Nyabarongo River and its surrounding mountain in Rwanda.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Nyarugenge]] '''[[Akarere ka Nyarugenge]]''' ni kamwe mu turere dutatu tugize [[Kigali|Umujyi wa Kigali]], mu [[Rwanda]]. Gafite ubuso bwa 134 km² n'abaturage 374 319. Kagizwe n'imirenge 10. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Nyarugenge|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 87 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:All Gizah Pyramids.jpg|180x140px|link=Misiri]]<div style="position:absolute;top:6px;right:6px;line-height:0;opacity:0.75;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Egypt.svg|72px|link=Misiri]]</div></div> '''[[Misiri]]''' n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Misiri|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 88 = [[Dosiye:Icyayi cya.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Nyaruguru]] '''[[Akarere ka Nyaruguru]]''' ni kamwe mu turere umunani tugize [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Intara y'Amajyepfo]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Gahana imbibi n'[[Uburundi]]. Gafite ubuso bwa 1 010 km² n'abaturage 318 126. Kagizwe n'imirenge 14. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Nyaruguru|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 89 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Mauritius 23.08.2009 11-42-31.jpg|180x140px|link=Morise]]<div style="position:absolute;top:6px;right:6px;line-height:0;opacity:0.75;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Mauritius.svg|72px|link=Morise]]</div></div> '''[[Morise]]''' ni igihugu kigizwe n'ibirwa mu Nyanja y'Ubuhinde. Kiri mu burasirazuba bwa [[Madagasikari]]. Umurwa mukuru wacyo ni [[Port Louis]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Morise|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 90 = [[Dosiye:Kivu,Goma and Rubavu On Rwanda Side.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Rubavu]] '''[[Akarere ka Rubavu]]''' ni kamwe mu turere turindwi tugize [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Kari ku [[Ikiyaga cya Kivu]], ku mupaka na [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]]. Gafite ubuso bwa 388,3 km² n'abaturage 546 683. Kagizwe n'imirenge 12. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Rubavu|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 91 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Nouakchott,AlKhaima.jpg|180x140px|link=Moritaniya]]<div style="position:absolute;top:6px;right:6px;line-height:0;opacity:0.75;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Mauritania.svg|72px|link=Moritaniya]]</div></div> '''[[Moritaniya]]''' n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Moritaniya|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 92 = [[Dosiye:Morning fogs (cropped).jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Ruhango]] '''[[Akarere ka Ruhango]]''' ni kamwe mu turere umunani tugize [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Intara y'Amajyepfo]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Gafite ubuso bwa 628,8 km² n'abaturage 359 121. Kagizwe n'imirenge 9. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Ruhango|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 93 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Mozambique - traditional sailboat.jpg|180x140px|link=Mozambike]]<div style="position:absolute;top:6px;right:6px;line-height:0;opacity:0.75;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Mozambique.svg|72px|link=Mozambike]]</div></div> '''[[Mozambike]]''' n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. [[Umurwa]] mukuru wa Mozambike witwa [[Maputo]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Mozambike|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 94 = [[Dosiye:Ikirenge museum Rulindo.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Rulindo]] '''[[Akarere ka Rulindo]]''' ni kamwe mu turere dutanu tugize [[Intara y’Amajyaruguru y’u Rwanda|Intara y'Amajyaruguru]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Gafite ubuso bwa 567 km² n'abaturage 360 144. Kagizwe n'imirenge 17. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Rulindo|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 95 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Sossusvlei, Namibia, 2018-08-06, DD 017.jpg|180x140px|link=Namibiya]]<div style="position:absolute;top:6px;right:6px;line-height:0;opacity:0.75;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Namibia.svg|72px|link=Namibiya]]</div></div> '''[[Namibiya]]''' n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Namibiya|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 96 = [[Dosiye:Rwandan beautifull hills at Cyangugu, cfrt 0783095816.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Rusizi]] '''[[Akarere ka Rusizi]]''' ni kamwe mu turere turindwi tugize [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Kari ku [[Ikiyaga cya Kivu]]. Gahana imbibi n'[[Uburundi]] na [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]]. Gafite ubuso bwa 940,95 km² n'abaturage 485 529. Kagizwe n'imirenge 18. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Rusizi|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 97 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:1997 277-9A Agadez mosque cropped.jpg|180x140px|link=Nigeri]]<div style="position:absolute;top:6px;right:6px;line-height:0;opacity:0.75;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Niger.svg|72px|link=Nigeri]]</div></div> '''[[Nigeri|Nijeri]]''' n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. [[Umurwa]] mukuru wa Nijeri witwa [[Niamey]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Nigeri|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 98 = [[Dosiye:The 3rd beautiful Rwandan Bridge to prosperity at Rutsiro district, cfr 0788836386.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Rutsiro]] '''[[Akarere ka Rutsiro]]''' ni kamwe mu turere turindwi tugize [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Kari ku [[Ikiyaga cya Kivu]]. Gafite ubuso bwa 1 157,3 km² n'abaturage 369 180. Kagizwe n'imirenge 13. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Rutsiro|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 99 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Zuma Rock.jpg|180x140px|link=Nijeriya]]<div style="position:absolute;top:6px;right:6px;line-height:0;opacity:0.75;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Nigeria.svg|72px|link=Nijeriya]]</div></div> '''[[Nijeriya]]''' cyangwa '''Nigeriya''', ku mugaragaro '''Repubulika ya Federasiyo ya Nijeriya''', ni [[igihugu]] cyo muri [[Afurika]] y'Iburengerazuba. Umurwa mukuru wacyo ni [[Abuja]], naho umujyi wacyo munini ni Lagos. Ni cyo gihugu gituwe cyane muri Afurika, kikaba kimwe mu bihugu bifite ubukungu bunini kuri uyu mugabane. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Nijeriya|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 100 = [[Dosiye:RwamaganaChurch.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Rwamagana]] '''[[Akarere ka Rwamagana]]''' ni kamwe mu turere turindwi tugize [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Ni ko karimo icyicaro cy'Intara. Umujyi mukuru wako ni [[Rwamagana]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Rwamagana|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 101 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Vue Kinshasa.jpg|180x140px|link=Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]]<div style="position:absolute;top:6px;right:6px;line-height:0;opacity:0.75;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.svg|72px|link=Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]]</div></div> '''[[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]]''' ni igihugu cyo muri [[Afurika]] yo Hagati. Kizwi kandi ku izina rya Kongo-Kinshasa. Umurwa mukuru wacyo ni [[Kinshasa]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 102 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Republique Centrafricaine - Boali - Chutes de Boali.jpg|180x140px|link=Repubulika ya Santara Afurika]]<div style="position:absolute;top:6px;right:6px;line-height:0;opacity:0.75;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of the Central African Republic.svg|72px|link=Repubulika ya Santara Afurika]]</div></div> '''[[Repubulika ya Santara Afurika]]''' n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. [[Umurwa]] mukuru wa Repubulika ya Santara Afurika witwa [[Bangui]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Repubulika ya Santara Afurika|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 103 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:View from Virunga Lodge in Rwanda of Mount Muhavura.jpg|180x140px|link=Rwanda]]<div style="position:absolute;top:6px;right:6px;line-height:0;opacity:0.75;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Rwanda.svg|72px|link=Rwanda]]</div></div> '''[[Rwanda|U Rwanda]]''' ni igihugu giherereye muri Afurika y'uburasirazuba, mu karere k’[[Ibiyaga Bigari|ibiyaga bigari]]. Umurwa mukuru wacyo ni [[Kigali]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Rwanda|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 104 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Cascade de São Nicolau (São Tomé-et-Principe) (3).jpg|180x140px|link=Sawo Tome na Purensipe]]<div style="position:absolute;top:6px;right:6px;line-height:0;opacity:0.75;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of São Tomé and Príncipe.svg|72px|link=Sawo Tome na Purensipe]]</div></div> '''[[Sawo Tome na Purensipe]]''' n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Sawo Tome na Purensipe|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 105 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Saint-Louis-du-Sénégal.JPG|180x140px|link=Senegali]]<div style="position:absolute;top:6px;right:6px;line-height:0;opacity:0.75;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Senegal.svg|72px|link=Senegali]]</div></div> '''[[Senegali]]''' ni [[igihugu]] cyo muri [[Afurika]] y'Iburengerazuba. Umurwa mukuru wacyo ni Dakar. Senegali ihana imbibi na [[Moritaniya]], [[Mali]], [[Gineya]], [[Gineya-Biso]] n'Inyanja ya Atalantika. Igihugu cya [[Gambiya]] kiri hafi ya cyose imbere muri Senegali. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Senegali|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 106 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Fishing in Seychelles.jpg|180x140px|link=Seyishele]]<div style="position:absolute;top:6px;right:6px;line-height:0;opacity:0.75;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of the Seychelles.svg|72px|link=Seyishele]]</div></div> '''[[Seyishele]]''' n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Seyishele|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 107 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Sierra Leone National Stadium.jpg|180x140px|link=Siyera Lewone]]<div style="position:absolute;top:6px;right:6px;line-height:0;opacity:0.75;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Sierra Leone.svg|72px|link=Siyera Lewone]]</div></div> '''[[Siyera Lewone]]''' n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Siyera Lewone|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 108 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:MogadishuHeadquarters.jpeg|180x140px|link=Somaliya]]<div style="position:absolute;top:6px;right:6px;line-height:0;opacity:0.75;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Somalia.svg|72px|link=Somaliya]]</div></div> '''[[Somaliya]]''' ni [[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. [[Umurwa]] mukuru wa Somaliya witwa [[Mogadishu]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Somaliya|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 109 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Khartoum Teaching Hospital 001.jpg|180x140px|link=Sudani]]<div style="position:absolute;top:6px;right:6px;line-height:0;opacity:0.75;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Sudan.svg|72px|link=Sudani]]</div></div> '''[[Sudani]]''' n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Sudani|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 110 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Mundari tribe in South Sudan.jpg|180x140px|link=Sudani y’Amajyepfo]]<div style="position:absolute;top:6px;right:6px;line-height:0;opacity:0.75;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of South Sudan.svg|72px|link=Sudani y’Amajyepfo]]</div></div> '''[[Sudani y’Amajyepfo]]''' n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Sudani y’Amajyepfo|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 111 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Dar es salaam City.jpg|180x140px|link=Tanzaniya]]<div style="position:absolute;top:6px;right:6px;line-height:0;opacity:0.75;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Tanzania.svg|72px|link=Tanzaniya]]</div></div> '''[[Tanzaniya]]''' cyangwa '''Repubulika Yunze Ubumwe ya Tanzaniya''' n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]] y'iburasirazuba. Umurwa mukuru wa Tanzaniya witwa [[Dodoma]]. Umusozi wa [[Umusozi wa Kilimanjaro|Kilimanjaro]], umusozi muremure wa Afurika, uri mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba bwa Tanzaniya. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Tanzaniya|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 112 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Monument of independence Lomé 1968.jpg|180x140px|link=Togo]]<div style="position:absolute;top:6px;right:6px;line-height:0;opacity:0.75;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Togo (3-2).svg|72px|link=Togo]]</div></div> '''[[Togo]]''' n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Togo|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 113 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Downtown Tunis.jpg|180x140px|link=Tunisiya]]<div style="position:absolute;top:6px;right:6px;line-height:0;opacity:0.75;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Tunisia.svg|72px|link=Tunisiya]]</div></div> '''[[Tunisiya]]''' cyangwa '''Tuniziya''' n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Tunisiya|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 114 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Yoweri K. Museveni (portrait, 2018).jpg|180x140px|link=Ubugande]]<div style="position:absolute;top:6px;right:6px;line-height:0;opacity:0.75;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Uganda.svg|72px|link=Ubugande]]</div></div> '''[[Ubugande]]''' cyangwa '''Yuganda''', '''Repubulika y’Ubugande''' n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]] y’Iburasirazuba. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Ubugande|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 115 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Burundi - Lake Tanganyika fisheries.jpg|180x140px|link=Uburundi]]<div style="position:absolute;top:6px;right:6px;line-height:0;opacity:0.75;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Burundi.svg|72px|link=Uburundi]]</div></div> '''[[Uburundi]]''', ku mugaragaro '''Repubulika y'u Burundi''', ni [[igihugu]] kidakora ku [[inyanja]] giherereye muri [[Afurika]] yo hagati n'iy'Iburasirazuba, mu karere k'Ibiyaga Bigari. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Uburundi|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 116 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Lusaka City Transport.jpg|180x140px|link=Zambiya]]<div style="position:absolute;top:6px;right:6px;line-height:0;opacity:0.75;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Zambia.svg|72px|link=Zambiya]]</div></div> '''[[Zambiya]]''' n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. [[Umurwa]] mukuru wa Zambiya witwa [[Lusaka]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Zambiya|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 117 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Harare International Airport.jpg|180x140px|link=Zimbabwe]]<div style="position:absolute;top:6px;right:6px;line-height:0;opacity:0.75;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Zimbabwe.svg|72px|link=Zimbabwe]]</div></div> '''[[Zimbabwe]]''' n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. [[Umurwa]] mukuru wa Zimbabwe witwa [[Harare]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Zimbabwe|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 118 = [[Dosiye:Kigali2018Cropped.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Kigali]] '''[[Kigali]]''' ni umurwa mukuru w’u Rwanda. Kigali iri hagati mu gihugu. Kigali yabaye umurwa mukuru igihe u Rwanda rwabonaga ubwigenge muri 1962. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Kigali|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 119 = [[Dosiye:Lake Ruhondo.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Intara y’Amajyaruguru y’u Rwanda]] '''[[Intara y’Amajyaruguru y’u Rwanda|Intara y’Amajyaruguru]]''' ni imwe mu ntara enye z’u Rwanda. Iri mu majyaruguru y’igihugu. Ibiro byayo biri mu Akarere ka Musanze. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Intara y’Amajyaruguru y’u Rwanda|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 120 = [[Dosiye:Southern Province, Rwanda.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Intara y'amajyepfo]] '''[[Intara y'amajyepfo|Intara y’Amajyepfo]]''' ni imwe mu ntara enye z’u Rwanda. Iri mu majyepfo y’igihugu. Icyicaro cyayo kiri mu Karere ka Nyanza. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Intara y'amajyepfo|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 121 = [[Dosiye:Scenery in Hills above Lake Kivu - Near Karongi-Kibuye - Western Rwanda - 02.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Intara y'Uburengerazuba]] '''[[Intara y'Uburengerazuba|Intara y'Iburengerazuba]]''' ni imwe mu ntara enye z'u Rwanda. Iri mu burengerazuba bw'igihugu. Icyicaro cyayo kiri mu Karere ka Karongi. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Intara y'Uburengerazuba|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 122 = [[Dosiye:Akagera National Park Giraffes.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Intara y'Iburasirazuba]] '''[[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]]''' ni imwe mu ntara enye z'u Rwanda. Iri mu burasirazuba bw'igihugu. Icyicaro cyayo kiri i Rwamagana. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Intara y'Iburasirazuba|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 123 = [[Dosiye:Nyabarongo bridge photo.JPG|right|180x140px|link=Minisiteri y'Ibikorwa Remezo]] '''[[Minisiteri y'Ibikorwa Remezo]]''' (Ministry of Infrastructure, MININFRA) ni minisiteri ya Leta y'u Rwanda. Ishinzwe politiki y'ibikorwa remezo mu gihugu hose. Ibyo bikorwa remezo ni ubwikorezi, ingufu, amazi n'isukura, n'imiturire. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Minisiteri y'Ibikorwa Remezo|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 124 = [[Dosiye:Memorial to Members of Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning Murdered in 1994 Genocide - Kigali - Rwanda (9024670933).jpg|right|180x140px|link=Minisiteri y'Imari n'Igenamigambi ry'Ubukungu mu Rwanda]] '''[[Minisiteri y'Imari n'Igenamigambi ry'Ubukungu mu Rwanda|Minisiteri y'Imari n'Igenamigambi ry'Ubukungu]]''' (Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning, MINECOFIN) ni minisiteri ya Leta y'u Rwanda. Ishinzwe imari ya Leta n'igenamigambi ry'ubukungu bw'igihugu. Icyicaro cyayo kiri mu Akarere ka Nyarugenge, mu mujyi wa Kigali. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Minisiteri y'Imari n'Igenamigambi ry'Ubukungu mu Rwanda|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 125 = [[Dosiye:MINEDUC (ministry education) (straightened).jpg|right|180x140px|link=Minisiteri y'uburezi mu Rwanda]] '''[[Minisiteri y'uburezi mu Rwanda|Minisiteri y'Uburezi]]''' (Ministry of Education, MINEDUC) ni minisiteri ya Leta y'u Rwanda. Ishinzwe uburezi mu gihugu. Icyicaro cyayo kiri i Kigali. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Minisiteri y'uburezi mu Rwanda|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 126 = [[Dosiye:Guhinga.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Minisiteri y’Ubuhinzi n’Ubworozi]] '''[[Minisiteri y’Ubuhinzi n’Ubworozi|Minisiteri y'Ubuhinzi n'Ubworozi]]''' (Ministry of Agriculture and Animal Resources, MINAGRI) ni minisiteri ya Leta y'u Rwanda. Ishinzwe guteza imbere ubuhinzi n'ubworozi. Intego yayo ni ukugira ngo u Rwanda rugire umutekano w'ibiribwa. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Minisiteri y’Ubuhinzi n’Ubworozi|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 127 = [[Dosiye:Ministry of Health building, Kigali (straightened).jpg|right|180x140px|link=Minisiteri y’Ubuzima]] '''[[Minisiteri y’Ubuzima|Minisiteri y'Ubuzima]]''' (Ministry of Health, MINISANTE) ni minisiteri ya Leta y'u Rwanda. Ishinzwe guteza imbere ubuzima bw'abaturage. Icyicaro cyayo kiri i Kigali. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Minisiteri y’Ubuzima|Soma byinshi →]]</div> }} <div style="border-top:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle,#dadde3);margin-top:1em;padding-top:0.9em"> <div style="font-size:0.9em;font-weight:700;color:#20603D;margin-bottom:0.4em">🌺 Ibimera n'indabo byo mu Rwanda</div> {{Intangiriro/Ibimera|ingingo}} </div> </div><!-- Ibindi bimera: byuzuza umwanya usigaye iruhande rw'ishusho; ibitagiramo umwanya birahishwa --> <div style="flex:1 1 0;min-height:0;display:flex;flex-direction:column;flex-wrap:wrap;align-content:flex-start;overflow:hidden"> <div style="width:100%;box-sizing:border-box;overflow:hidden;border-top:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle,#dadde3);margin-top:1em;padding-top:0.9em"> {{Intangiriro/Ibimera|ingingo|1}} </div> <div style="width:100%;box-sizing:border-box;overflow:hidden;border-top:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle,#dadde3);margin-top:1em;padding-top:0.9em"> {{Intangiriro/Ibimera|ingingo|2}} </div> <div style="width:100%;box-sizing:border-box;overflow:hidden;border-top:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle,#dadde3);margin-top:1em;padding-top:0.9em"> {{Intangiriro/Ibimera|ingingo|3}} </div> <div style="width:100%;box-sizing:border-box;overflow:hidden;border-top:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle,#dadde3);margin-top:1em;padding-top:0.9em"> {{Intangiriro/Ibimera|ingingo|4}} </div> </div> </div> <div style="flex:1 1 260px;min-width:0;box-sizing:border-box;background:var(--background-color-base,#fff);color:var(--color-base,#202122);border:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle,#dadde3);border-top:4px solid #C99A00;border-radius:12px;padding:0.4em 1.2em 1em;box-shadow:0 2px 6px rgba(0,0,0,0.06)"> <h2 style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:1.25em;font-weight:700;border-bottom:none;margin:0.5em 0 0.6em;padding:0;color:#C99A00">📷 Ishusho y'icyumweru</h2> <div style="overflow:hidden"> {{#switch: {{#expr: {{CURRENTWEEK}} mod 8 }} | 0 = [[Dosiye:NYUNGWE CLOUDS.jpg|center|frameless|upright=1.6|link=Pariki ya Nyungwe|alt=Ibicu hejuru y'ishyamba rya Nyungwe]] <div style="text-align:center;font-size:0.95em;margin-top:0.5em">Ibicu hejuru y'ishyamba rya [[Pariki ya Nyungwe|Nyungwe]]</div> | 1 = [[Dosiye:Mountain gorilla (Gorilla beringei beringei) female 2.jpg|center|frameless|upright=1.6|link=Ingagi zo mu birunga|alt=Ingagi y'ingore yo mu birunga (Gorilla beringei beringei) — reba Ingagi zo mu birunga]] <div style="text-align:center;font-size:0.95em;margin-top:0.5em">Ingagi y'ingore yo mu birunga (''Gorilla beringei beringei'') — reba [[Ingagi zo mu birunga]]</div> | 2 = [[Dosiye:Lake Kivu at dawn.jpg|center|frameless|upright=1.6|link=Ikiyaga cya Kivu|alt=Umuseke ku Ikiyaga cya Kivu]] <div style="text-align:center;font-size:0.95em;margin-top:0.5em">Umuseke ku [[Ikiyaga cya Kivu]]</div> | 3 = [[Dosiye:Golden monkey (Cercopithecus kandti) eating.jpg|center|frameless|upright=1.6|alt=Inkende y'izahabu (Cercopithecus kandti) irya]] <div style="text-align:center;font-size:0.95em;margin-top:0.5em">Inkende y'izahabu (''Cercopithecus kandti'') irya</div> | 4 = [[Dosiye:Mountain Sabyinyo.jpg|center|frameless|upright=1.6|link=Pariki y’Igihugu y’Ibirunga|alt=Ikirunga cya Sabyinyo muri Pariki y’Igihugu y’Ibirunga]] <div style="text-align:center;font-size:0.95em;margin-top:0.5em">Ikirunga cya Sabyinyo muri [[Pariki y’Igihugu y’Ibirunga]]</div> | 5 = [[Dosiye:Rough chameleon (Trioceros rudis).jpg|center|frameless|upright=1.6|link=Uruvu|alt=Uruvu (Trioceros rudis) rwo mu Rwanda]] <div style="text-align:center;font-size:0.95em;margin-top:0.5em">Uruvu (''Trioceros rudis'') rwo mu Rwanda</div> | 6 = [[Dosiye:Where tea meets primary rainforest in Nyungwe.jpg|center|frameless|upright=1.6|link=Pariki ya Nyungwe|alt=Aho imirima y'icyayi ihurira n'ishyamba rya Nyungwe]] <div style="text-align:center;font-size:0.95em;margin-top:0.5em">Aho imirima y'icyayi ihurira n'ishyamba rya [[Pariki ya Nyungwe|Nyungwe]]</div> | 7 = [[Dosiye:Mountain gorilla (Gorilla beringei beringei) yawn.jpg|center|frameless|upright=1.6|link=Ingagi zo mu birunga|alt=Ingagi yo mu birunga yasamye]] <div style="text-align:center;font-size:0.95em;margin-top:0.5em">Ingagi yo mu birunga yasamye</div> }} <div style="border-top:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle,#dadde3);margin-top:1em;padding-top:0.9em"> <div style="font-size:0.9em;font-weight:700;color:#20603D;margin-bottom:0.4em;text-align:center">🌺 Ibimera n'indabo byo mu Rwanda</div> {{Intangiriro/Ibimera|ishusho}} </div> </div> </div> </div> <!-- ==== WARI UZI KO + FASHA ==== --> <div style="display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:16px;margin:16px 0"> <div style="flex:1 1 440px;min-width:0;box-sizing:border-box;background:var(--background-color-base,#fff);color:var(--color-base,#202122);border:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle,#dadde3);border-top:4px solid #20603D;border-radius:12px;padding:0.4em 1.2em 1em;box-shadow:0 2px 6px rgba(0,0,0,0.06)"> <h2 style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:1.25em;font-weight:700;border-bottom:none;margin:0.5em 0 0.6em;padding:0;color:#20603D">💡 Wari uzi ko…</h2> {{#ifexpr: {{#expr: {{CURRENTWEEK}} mod 2 }} = 0 | * … ko '''[[Pariki ya Nyungwe]]''' ari ryo shyamba rinini risigaye mu Rwanda, rifite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 1 019? * … ko '''[[Umuganura]]''' wizihizwa ku wa Gatanu wa mbere w'ukwezi kwa Kanama? * … ko '''[[Pariki y’Igihugu y’Ibirunga]]''' irinda ibirunga bitanu by'urunigi rwa Virunga? * … ko '''[[Ikinyarwanda]]''' kivugwa no mu burasirazuba bwa [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]]? * … ko '''[[Ikirunga cya Karisimbi|Karisimbi]]''' ari cyo kirunga kirekire kurusha ibindi mu birunga bya Virunga, gifite metero 4 507? * … ko '''[[Ikinyarwanda]]''' gifitanye isano ya hafi n'[[Ikirundi]]? * … ko '''[[Ikiyaga cya Kivu]]''' kiri ku mupaka uhuza [[Rwanda|u Rwanda]] na [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]]? | * … ko kuva muri Nzeri 2023 '''[[Pariki ya Nyungwe|Nyungwe]]''' iri ku rutonde rw'Umurage w'Isi wa UNESCO? * … ko amazi y''''[[Ikiyaga cya Kivu]]''' asohoka mu ruzi rwa Ruzizi, akajya mu kiyaga cya Tanganyika? * … ko mu muzinga umwe w''''[[Uruyuki|inzuki]]''' hashobora kubamo ingabo zigera ku 1 500 zigaburirwa n'intazi? * … ko '''[[Ingagi zo mu birunga]]''' ziri mu bwoko bw'inyamaswa buri gucika cyane ku isi? * … ko '''[[Ikiyaga cya Muhazi]]''' ari ikiyaga kirekire giherereye mu burasirazuba bw'[[Rwanda|u Rwanda]]? * … ko '''[[Abamasayi]]''' batuye muri Kenya no mu majyaruguru ya Tanzaniya? * … ko uturere tw'u Rwanda dukora ku '''[[Ikiyaga cya Kivu]]''' ari Rubavu, Rusizi, Ngororero, Karongi na Nyamasheke? }} </div> <div style="flex:1 1 320px;min-width:0;box-sizing:border-box;background:var(--background-color-base,#fff);color:var(--color-base,#202122);border:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle,#dadde3);border-top:4px solid #7A4BB0;border-radius:12px;padding:0.4em 1.2em 1em;box-shadow:0 2px 6px rgba(0,0,0,0.06)"> <h2 style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:1.25em;font-weight:700;border-bottom:none;margin:0.5em 0 0.6em;padding:0;color:#7A4BB0">🤝 Fasha Wikipediya</h2> Wikipediya mu Kinyarwanda ikeneye abanditsi! Ushobora gutangira uyu munsi: <div style="display:flex;gap:10px;align-items:flex-start;margin:8px 0"><span style="flex:0 0 26px;height:26px;line-height:26px;text-align:center;border-radius:50%;background:#20603D;color:#fff;font-weight:700">1</span><div>[[Special:CreateAccount|Fungura konti]] ku buntu (si itegeko, ariko birafasha).</div></div> <div style="display:flex;gap:10px;align-items:flex-start;margin:8px 0"><span style="flex:0 0 26px;height:26px;line-height:26px;text-align:center;border-radius:50%;background:#20603D;color:#fff;font-weight:700">2</span><div>Kosora amakosa, wongere amakuru n'[[Ubufasha:Footnotes|inkomoko]] mu ngingo zisanzwe.</div></div> <div style="display:flex;gap:10px;align-items:flex-start;margin:8px 0"><span style="flex:0 0 26px;height:26px;line-height:26px;text-align:center;border-radius:50%;background:#20603D;color:#fff;font-weight:700">3</span><div>Hindura ingingo ziva mu zindi ndimi ukoresheje [[Special:ContentTranslation|igikoresho cyo guhindura]].</div></div> <div style="display:flex;gap:10px;align-items:flex-start;margin:8px 0"><span style="flex:0 0 26px;height:26px;line-height:26px;text-align:center;border-radius:50%;background:#20603D;color:#fff;font-weight:700">4</span><div>Kwitoza mbere: gerageza ku [[Wikipedia:About the sandbox|rupapuro rw'igerageza]].</div></div> <div style="margin-top:10px;font-size:0.92em">[[Wikipedia:Community Portal|Urubuga rw'abanditsi]] · [[Special:RecentChanges|Impinduka ziheruka]] · [[Special:WantedPages|Ingingo zikenewe]]</div> </div> </div> <!-- ==== INGINGO ZIKUNZWE ==== --> <div style="flex:1 1 100%;min-width:0;box-sizing:border-box;background:var(--background-color-base,#fff);color:var(--color-base,#202122);border:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle,#dadde3);border-top:4px solid #00A1DE;border-radius:12px;padding:0.4em 1.2em 1em;box-shadow:0 2px 6px rgba(0,0,0,0.06)"> <h2 style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:1.25em;font-weight:700;border-bottom:none;margin:0.5em 0 0.6em;padding:0;color:#00A1DE">⭐ Ingingo zasomye cyane</h2> <div style="line-height:2.1"><span style="display:inline-block;margin:2px 3px;padding:2px 12px;border-radius:999px;background:var(--background-color-progressive-subtle,#eaf3ff);border:1px solid var(--border-color-progressive--hover,#a3c4f5)">[[Rwanda]]</span> <span style="display:inline-block;margin:2px 3px;padding:2px 12px;border-radius:999px;background:var(--background-color-progressive-subtle,#eaf3ff);border:1px solid var(--border-color-progressive--hover,#a3c4f5)">[[Imirenge y’u Rwanda]]</span> <span style="display:inline-block;margin:2px 3px;padding:2px 12px;border-radius:999px;background:var(--background-color-progressive-subtle,#eaf3ff);border:1px solid var(--border-color-progressive--hover,#a3c4f5)">[[Burundi]]</span> <span style="display:inline-block;margin:2px 3px;padding:2px 12px;border-radius:999px;background:var(--background-color-progressive-subtle,#eaf3ff);border:1px solid var(--border-color-progressive--hover,#a3c4f5)">[[Nijeriya]]</span> <span style="display:inline-block;margin:2px 3px;padding:2px 12px;border-radius:999px;background:var(--background-color-progressive-subtle,#eaf3ff);border:1px solid var(--border-color-progressive--hover,#a3c4f5)">[[Afurika y’Epfo]]</span> <span style="display:inline-block;margin:2px 3px;padding:2px 12px;border-radius:999px;background:var(--background-color-progressive-subtle,#eaf3ff);border:1px solid var(--border-color-progressive--hover,#a3c4f5)">[[Pariki ya Nyungwe]]</span> <span style="display:inline-block;margin:2px 3px;padding:2px 12px;border-radius:999px;background:var(--background-color-progressive-subtle,#eaf3ff);border:1px solid var(--border-color-progressive--hover,#a3c4f5)">[[Pariki y’Igihugu y’Ibirunga]]</span> <span style="display:inline-block;margin:2px 3px;padding:2px 12px;border-radius:999px;background:var(--background-color-progressive-subtle,#eaf3ff);border:1px solid var(--border-color-progressive--hover,#a3c4f5)">[[Ikiyaga cya Kivu]]</span> <span style="display:inline-block;margin:2px 3px;padding:2px 12px;border-radius:999px;background:var(--background-color-progressive-subtle,#eaf3ff);border:1px solid var(--border-color-progressive--hover,#a3c4f5)">[[Ingagi zo mu birunga]]</span> <span style="display:inline-block;margin:2px 3px;padding:2px 12px;border-radius:999px;background:var(--background-color-progressive-subtle,#eaf3ff);border:1px solid var(--border-color-progressive--hover,#a3c4f5)">[[Ikawa]]</span> <span style="display:inline-block;margin:2px 3px;padding:2px 12px;border-radius:999px;background:var(--background-color-progressive-subtle,#eaf3ff);border:1px solid var(--border-color-progressive--hover,#a3c4f5)">[[Ikinyarwanda]]</span> <span style="display:inline-block;margin:2px 3px;padding:2px 12px;border-radius:999px;background:var(--background-color-progressive-subtle,#eaf3ff);border:1px solid var(--border-color-progressive--hover,#a3c4f5)">[[Ikirundi]]</span> <span style="display:inline-block;margin:2px 3px;padding:2px 12px;border-radius:999px;background:var(--background-color-progressive-subtle,#eaf3ff);border:1px solid var(--border-color-progressive--hover,#a3c4f5)">[[Imigani migufi y’Ikinyarwanda]]</span> <span style="display:inline-block;margin:2px 3px;padding:2px 12px;border-radius:999px;background:var(--background-color-progressive-subtle,#eaf3ff);border:1px solid var(--border-color-progressive--hover,#a3c4f5)">[[Fred Rwigema]]</span> <span style="display:inline-block;margin:2px 3px;padding:2px 12px;border-radius:999px;background:var(--background-color-progressive-subtle,#eaf3ff);border:1px solid var(--border-color-progressive--hover,#a3c4f5)">[[Imihindagurikire y’ibihe]]</span> <span style="display:inline-block;margin:2px 3px;padding:2px 12px;border-radius:999px;background:var(--background-color-progressive-subtle,#eaf3ff);border:1px solid var(--border-color-progressive--hover,#a3c4f5)">[[SIDA]]</span> <span style="display:inline-block;margin:2px 3px;padding:2px 12px;border-radius:999px;background:var(--background-color-progressive-subtle,#eaf3ff);border:1px solid var(--border-color-progressive--hover,#a3c4f5)">[[Ubukirisitu]]</span> <span style="display:inline-block;margin:2px 3px;padding:2px 12px;border-radius:999px;background:var(--background-color-progressive-subtle,#eaf3ff);border:1px solid var(--border-color-progressive--hover,#a3c4f5)">[[Islamu]]</span></div> </div> <!-- ==== INGINGO ZIHERUTSE ==== --> <div style="flex:1 1 100%;min-width:0;box-sizing:border-box;background:var(--background-color-base,#fff);color:var(--color-base,#202122);border:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle,#dadde3);border-top:4px solid #3366CC;border-radius:12px;padding:0.4em 1.2em 1em;box-shadow:0 2px 6px rgba(0,0,0,0.06)"> <h2 style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:1.25em;font-weight:700;border-bottom:none;margin:0.5em 0 0.6em;padding:0;color:#3366CC">✨ Ingingo ziherutse <span class="plainlinks" style="font-size:0.7em;font-weight:normal">([{{fullurl:Intangiriro|action=purge}} <span style="color:#C99700;font-weight:600">⟳ Vugurura</span>])</span></h2> <templatestyles src="Inyandikorugero:Ingingo ziherutse/styles.css" /><div class="ingingo-ziherutse" style="max-height:11em;overflow-y:auto;column-width:18em;column-gap:2em;column-rule:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle,#dadde3);font-size:0.9em;line-height:1.5"> {{Special:NewPages|limit=30|namespace=0|hideredirs=1}} </div> <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Special:NewPages|Reba izindi ngingo ziherutse →]]</div> </div> <!-- ==== IMISHINGA YA WIKIMEDIA ==== --> <div style="flex:1 1 100%;min-width:0;box-sizing:border-box;background:var(--background-color-base,#fff);color:var(--color-base,#202122);border:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle,#dadde3);border-top:4px solid #72777d;border-radius:12px;padding:0.4em 1.2em 1em;box-shadow:0 2px 6px rgba(0,0,0,0.06);margin-top:16px"> <h2 style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:1.25em;font-weight:700;border-bottom:none;margin:0.5em 0 0.6em;padding:0;color:#54595d">🌐 Imishinga ifitanye isano na Wikipediya</h2> Wikipediya icungwa na [[Wikimedia Foundation|Fondasiyo ya Wikimediya]], umuryango udaharanira inyungu unacunga n'indi mishinga y'ubuntu: <div style="display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:4px 12px;margin-top:8px"> <div style="flex:1 1 210px;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;padding:6px 4px">[[Dosiye:Commons-logo.svg|36px|link=commons:|alt=Commons]]<div>'''[[commons:|Commons]]'''<br /><span style="font-size:0.88em;color:var(--color-subtle,#54595d)">Amafoto n’amajwi by’ubuntu</span></div></div> <div style="flex:1 1 210px;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;padding:6px 4px">[[Dosiye:Wikidata-logo.svg|36px|link=d:|alt=Wikidata]]<div>'''[[d:|Wikidata]]'''<br /><span style="font-size:0.88em;color:var(--color-subtle,#54595d)">Ububiko bw’amakuru</span></div></div> <div style="flex:1 1 210px;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;padding:6px 4px">[[Dosiye:Wiktionary-logo.svg|36px|link=wikt:|alt=Wiktionary]]<div>'''[[wikt:|Wiktionary]]'''<br /><span style="font-size:0.88em;color:var(--color-subtle,#54595d)">Inkoranyamagambo</span></div></div> <div style="flex:1 1 210px;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;padding:6px 4px">[[Dosiye:Wikiquote-logo.svg|36px|link=q:|alt=Wikiquote]]<div>'''[[q:|Wikiquote]]'''<br /><span style="font-size:0.88em;color:var(--color-subtle,#54595d)">Amagambo yavuzwe</span></div></div> <div style="flex:1 1 210px;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;padding:6px 4px">[[Dosiye:Wikibooks-logo.svg|36px|link=b:|alt=Wikibooks]]<div>'''[[b:|Wikibooks]]'''<br /><span style="font-size:0.88em;color:var(--color-subtle,#54595d)">Ibitabo by’ubuntu</span></div></div> <div style="flex:1 1 210px;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;padding:6px 4px">[[Dosiye:Wikisource-logo.svg|36px|link=s:|alt=Wikisource]]<div>'''[[s:|Wikisource]]'''<br /><span style="font-size:0.88em;color:var(--color-subtle,#54595d)">Inyandiko z’umwimerere</span></div></div> <div style="flex:1 1 210px;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;padding:6px 4px">[[Dosiye:Wikispecies-logo.svg|36px|link=species:|alt=Wikispecies]]<div>'''[[species:|Wikispecies]]'''<br /><span style="font-size:0.88em;color:var(--color-subtle,#54595d)">Ubwoko bw’ibinyabuzima</span></div></div> <div style="flex:1 1 210px;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;padding:6px 4px">[[Dosiye:Wikiversity logo 2017.svg|36px|link=v:|alt=Wikiversity]]<div>'''[[v:|Wikiversity]]'''<br /><span style="font-size:0.88em;color:var(--color-subtle,#54595d)">Kwiga ku buntu</span></div></div> <div style="flex:1 1 210px;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;padding:6px 4px">[[Dosiye:Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg|36px|link=voy:|alt=Wikivoyage]]<div>'''[[voy:|Wikivoyage]]'''<br /><span style="font-size:0.88em;color:var(--color-subtle,#54595d)">Ubuyobozi bw’ingendo</span></div></div> <div style="flex:1 1 210px;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;padding:6px 4px">[[Dosiye:Wikinews-logo.svg|36px|link=n:|alt=Wikinews]]<div>'''[[n:|Wikinews]]'''<br /><span style="font-size:0.88em;color:var(--color-subtle,#54595d)">Amakuru y’ubuntu</span></div></div> <div style="flex:1 1 210px;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;padding:6px 4px">[[Dosiye:Wikimedia Community Logo.svg|36px|link=m:|alt=Meta-Wiki]]<div>'''[[m:|Meta-Wiki]]'''<br /><span style="font-size:0.88em;color:var(--color-subtle,#54595d)">Guhuza imishinga</span></div></div> <div style="flex:1 1 210px;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;padding:6px 4px">[[Dosiye:MediaWiki-2020-icon.svg|36px|link=mw:|alt=MediaWiki]]<div>'''[[mw:|MediaWiki]]'''<br /><span style="font-size:0.88em;color:var(--color-subtle,#54595d)">Porogaramu ya wiki</span></div></div> </div> </div> <!-- ==== MU ZINDI NDIMI ==== --> <div style="text-align:center;margin:18px 0 6px;font-size:0.95em;color:var(--color-subtle,#54595d)">'''Wikipediya mu zindi ndimi:'''<br />[[:rn:|Ikirundi]] · [[:sw:|Igiswahili]] · [[:lg:|Luganda]] · [[:ln:|Lingala]] · [[:af:|Icyafurikansi]] · [[:ha:|Igihawusa]] · [[:ig:|Icyigibo]] · [[:wo:|Ikiwolofu]] · [[:ar:|Icyarabu]]<br />[[:fr:|Igifaransa]] · [[:en:|Icyongereza]] · [[:de:|Ikidage]] · [[:es:|Icyesipanyolo]] · [[:nl:|Igiholandi]]</div> fh8ypp6zysjydjnh2ih42ookwewjihf 148763 148762 2026-11-03T15:28:52Z Score Beethoven 11559 148763 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOTOC__ __NOEDITSECTION__ <!-- ==== IKAZE (HERO) ==== --> <div style="position:relative;overflow:hidden;border-radius:16px;padding:28px 24px 22px;color:#fff;background:linear-gradient(135deg,#0b5f8f 0%,#00A1DE 45%,#20603D 100%);box-shadow:0 4px 14px rgba(0,0,0,0.15)"> <div style="font-size:1.05em;opacity:0.95">Murakaza neza kuri</div> <div style="font-family:Georgia,'Linux Libertine','Times New Roman',serif;font-size:2.6em;line-height:1.15;font-weight:700;margin:4px 0">Wikipediya mu Kinyarwanda</div> <div style="font-size:1.08em;max-width:46em">Inkoranyabumenyi yubakwa n'abayikoresha, mu rurimi rwacu. Buri wese ashobora kuyisoma no kuyandikaho ku buntu.</div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-top:14px;padding:8px 16px;border-radius:10px;background:rgba(0,0,0,0.22);font-size:1.05em">Ubu ifite ingingo '''[[Special:Statistics|<span style="color:#fff">{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}</span>]]''' zanditswe mu Kinyarwanda</div> <div style="margin-top:14px"><span style="display:inline-block;margin:4px 3px;padding:5px 12px;border-radius:999px;background:rgba(255,255,255,0.18);border:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.45)">[[Special:Random|<span style="color:#fff">🎲 Ingingo zidasanzwe</span>]]</span><span style="display:inline-block;margin:4px 3px;padding:5px 12px;border-radius:999px;background:rgba(255,255,255,0.18);border:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.45)">[[Special:NewPages|<span style="color:#fff">🆕 Ingingo nshya</span>]]</span><span style="display:inline-block;margin:4px 3px;padding:5px 12px;border-radius:999px;background:rgba(255,255,255,0.18);border:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.45)">[[Special:Categories|<span style="color:#fff">🗂️ Ibyiciro</span>]]</span><span style="display:inline-block;margin:4px 3px;padding:5px 12px;border-radius:999px;background:rgba(255,255,255,0.18);border:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.45)">[[Special:CreateAccount|<span style="color:#fff">✍️ Fungura konti</span>]]</span></div> <div style="position:absolute;right:-30px;top:-30px;width:150px;height:150px;border-radius:50%;background:radial-gradient(circle,#FAD201 0%,rgba(250,210,1,0.55) 45%,rgba(250,210,1,0) 70%)"></div> </div> <div style="height:6px;border-radius:3px;margin-top:6px;background:linear-gradient(90deg,#00A1DE 0%,#00A1DE {{#expr:(5+({{#time:N|||1}}-1)*70/6) round 0}}%,#FAD201 {{#expr:(12+({{#time:N|||1}}-1)*70/6) round 0}}%,#FAD201 {{#expr:(17+({{#time:N|||1}}-1)*70/6) round 0}}%,#20603D {{#expr:(22+({{#time:N|||1}}-1)*70/6) round 0}}%,#20603D 100%)"></div> <!-- ==== IMBUGA (PORTAILS) ==== --> <div style="display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:16px;margin:16px 0"> <div style="flex:1 1 115px;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;padding:12px 6px;border-radius:12px;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle,#dadde3)">[[Dosiye:Circle-icons-brush-pencil.svg|48px|link=Wikipedia:Irembo/Ubugeni n'Ubumenyamuntu|alt=Ubugeni n'Ubumenyamuntu]]<div style="font-weight:700;margin-top:6px">[[Wikipedia:Irembo/Ubugeni n'Ubumenyamuntu|Ubugeni n'Ubumenyamuntu]]</div><div style="font-size:0.85em;color:var(--color-subtle,#54595d)">Ubuhanzi, amateka, indimi</div></div> <div style="flex:1 1 115px;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;padding:12px 6px;border-radius:12px;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle,#dadde3)">[[Dosiye:Circle-icons-genius.svg|48px|link=Wikipedia:Irembo/Ubumenyi|alt=Ubumenyi]]<div style="font-weight:700;margin-top:6px">[[Wikipedia:Irembo/Ubumenyi|Ubumenyi]]</div><div style="font-size:0.85em;color:var(--color-subtle,#54595d)">Ubumenyi bwimbitse n’ibintu karemano</div></div> <div style="flex:1 1 115px;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;padding:12px 6px;border-radius:12px;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle,#dadde3)">[[Dosiye:Circle-icons-news.svg|48px|link=Wikipedia:Irembo/Umuryango w'abantu|alt=Umuryango w'abantu]]<div style="font-weight:700;margin-top:6px">[[Wikipedia:Irembo/Umuryango w'abantu|Umuryango w'abantu]]</div><div style="font-size:0.85em;color:var(--color-subtle,#54595d)">Politiki, ubukungu, idini</div></div> <div style="flex:1 1 115px;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;padding:12px 6px;border-radius:12px;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle,#dadde3)">[[Dosiye:Circle-icons-gear.svg|48px|link=Wikipedia:Irembo/Ikoranabuhanga|alt=Ikoranabuhanga]]<div style="font-weight:700;margin-top:6px">[[Wikipedia:Irembo/Ikoranabuhanga|Ikoranabuhanga]]</div><div style="font-size:0.85em;color:var(--color-subtle,#54595d)">Mudasobwa, ubwubatsi, inganda</div></div> <div style="flex:1 1 115px;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;padding:12px 6px;border-radius:12px;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle,#dadde3)">[[Dosiye:Noto Emoji Oreo 1f3c0.svg|48px|link=Wikipedia:Irembo/Ubuzima n'imyidagaduro|alt=Ubuzima n'imyidagaduro]]<div style="font-weight:700;margin-top:6px">[[Wikipedia:Irembo/Ubuzima n'imyidagaduro|Ubuzima n'imyidagaduro]]</div><div style="font-size:0.85em;color:var(--color-subtle,#54595d)">Siporo, ibiryo, umuziki</div></div> </div> <!-- ==== INGINGO Y'ICYUMWERU + ISHUSHO ==== --> <div style="display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:16px;margin:16px 0"> <div style="flex:2 1 440px;min-width:0;box-sizing:border-box;display:flex;flex-direction:column;background:var(--background-color-base,#fff);color:var(--color-base,#202122);border:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle,#dadde3);border-top:4px solid #00A1DE;border-radius:12px;padding:0.4em 1.2em 1em;box-shadow:0 2px 6px rgba(0,0,0,0.06)"> <div> <h2 style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:1.25em;font-weight:700;border-bottom:none;margin:0.5em 0 0.6em;padding:0;color:#00A1DE">📖 Ingingo yatoranyijwe</h2> <!-- Ingingo zihinduka buri minota 20 (ibiyaga, ibihugu bya Afurika, intara n'uturere by'u Rwanda) --> {{#switch: {{#expr: floor({{#time:U}} / 1200) mod 128 }} | 0 = [[Dosiye:Where tea meets primary rainforest in Nyungwe.jpg|right|180px|link=Pariki ya Nyungwe]] '''[[Pariki ya Nyungwe|Pariki y'Igihugu ya Nyungwe]]''' (izwi kandi nka Ishyamba rya Nyungwe) ni pariki iherereye mu majyepfo y'uburengerazuba bw'[[Rwanda|u Rwanda]], ku mupaka w'u Burundi, aho ikomereza muri Pariki ya Kibira. Ifite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 1 019, ikaba ari ryo shyamba rinini risigaye mu Rwanda, kandi ni rimwe mu mashyamba y'imvura ya kera kurusha ayandi muri Afurika. Kuva muri Nzeri 2023, iri ku rutonde rw'Umurage w'Isi wa UNESCO. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Pariki ya Nyungwe|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 1 = [[Dosiye:View of burera lake.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Ikiyaga cya Burera]] '''[[Ikiyaga cya Burera]]''' ni ikiyaga cyo mu majyaruguru y’u [[Rwanda]]. Kiri mu [[Akarere ka Burera]], hafi y’umupaka n’[[Ubugande]]. Ikiyaga cya Burera kiri hejuru y’[[Ikiyaga cya Ruhondo]]. Ibyo biyaga byombi byitwa ibiyaga by’impanga. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Ikiyaga cya Burera|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 2 = [[Dosiye:Lake Kivu at dawn.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Ikiyaga cya Kivu]] '''[[Ikiyaga cya Kivu]]''' ni kimwe mu biyaga bigari bya Afurika. Giherereye ku mupaka uhuza [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]] n'[[Rwanda|u Rwanda]], muri Albertine Rift, ishami ry'iburengerazuba rya Rift ya Afurika. Amazi yacyo asohoka mu ruzi rwa Ruzizi, rutemba rugana mu kiyaga cya Tanganyika. Uturere tw'u Rwanda dukora ku kiyaga ni Rubavu, Rusizi, Ngororero, Karongi na Nyamasheke. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Ikiyaga cya Kivu|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 3 = [[Dosiye:Lake Ruhondo exotic view 01.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Ikiyaga cya Ruhondo]] '''[[Ikiyaga cya Ruhondo]]''' ni ikiyaga cyo mu majyaruguru y'u [[Rwanda]]. Kiri mu [[Intara y’Amajyaruguru y’u Rwanda|Ntara y'Amajyaruguru]], hafi y'umujyi wa Musanze. Ikiyaga cya Ruhondo n'[[Ikiyaga cya Burera]] byitwa «ibiyaga by'impanga». <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Ikiyaga cya Ruhondo|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 4 = [[Dosiye:Mountain Sabyinyo.jpg|right|180px|link=Pariki y’Igihugu y’Ibirunga]] '''[[Pariki y’Igihugu y’Ibirunga|Pariki y'Igihugu y'Ibirunga]]''' ni pariki iherereye mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba bw'[[Rwanda|u Rwanda]], ku mupaka wa [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]] n'Ubugande. Irinda igice cy'u Rwanda cy'urunigi rw'ibirunga rwa Virunga, harimo ibirunga bitanu birimo [[Ikirunga cya Karisimbi|Karisimbi]] na Sabyinyo. Izwi cyane ku isi kubera [[Ingagi zo mu birunga|ingagi zo mu birunga]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Pariki y’Igihugu y’Ibirunga|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 5 = [[Dosiye:Lake Ihema.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Ikiyaga cy'Ihema]] '''Ikiyaga cy'Ihema''' ni ikiyaga cyo mu burasirazuba bw'u [[Rwanda]]. Kiri mu [[Akarere ka Kayonza]], mu majyepfo ya [[Pariki y'Akagera]]. Inkombe yacyo y'iburasirazuba ni umupaka w'u Rwanda na [[Tanzaniya]]. Ikiyaga cy'Ihema ni cyo kiyaga kinini muri Pariki y'Akagera. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Ikiyaga cy'Ihema|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 6 = [[Dosiye:Flag of Rwanda.svg|right|180px|link=Ikinyarwanda]] '''[[Ikinyarwanda]]''' ni ururimi gakondo rw'[[Rwanda|u Rwanda]]. Ijambo « ikinyarwanda » rishobora kandi gusobanura umuco n'imico ikomoka mu Rwanda. Kivugwa mu Rwanda no mu nkengero zarwo, cyane cyane mu burasirazuba bwa [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]] no mu majyepfo y'uburengerazuba bw'Ubugande. Gifitanye isano ya hafi n'[[Ikirundi]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Ikinyarwanda|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 7 = [[Dosiye:ISS006-E-24705 - View of Rwanda (cropped).jpg|right|180x140px|link=Ikiyaga cya Mugesera]] '''[[Ikiyaga cya Mugesera]]''' ni ikiyaga cyo mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]] y'u [[Rwanda]]. Kiri mu [[Akarere ka Ngoma]], mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba bwa [[Kigali]]. Gihana imbibi kandi n'[[Akarere ka Rwamagana]]. Ikiyaga cya Mugesera gifite ubuso bwa km² 39. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Ikiyaga cya Mugesera|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 8 = [[Dosiye:Traditional food from Rwanda.jpg|right|180px|link=Umuganura]] '''[[Umuganura]]''' ni umuhango nyarwanda wizihizwa ku wa Gatanu wa mbere w'ukwezi kwa Kanama, aho Abanyarwanda bizihiza ibyo bagezeho mu buhinzi, mu bworozi no mu burumbuke. Gukomera kuri uyu muhango ni ugusigasira umurage w'u Rwanda, kuko umuganura ukubiyemo indangagaciro zirimo kwishimira umusaruro, gukunda umurimo n'igihugu. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Umuganura|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 9 = [[Dosiye:ISS006-E-24705 - View of Rwanda (cropped Lake Sake).jpg|right|180x140px|link=Ikiyaga cya Sake]] '''[[Ikiyaga cya Sake]]''' ni ikiyaga cyo mu [[Rwanda]]. Giherereye mu [[Akarere ka Ngoma]], mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]]. Iki kiyaga gihana imbibi n'imirenge itatu: Sake, Jarama na Rukumberi. Ni ikiyaga gito kandi kidafite ubujyakuzimu burebure. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Ikiyaga cya Sake|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 10 = [[Dosiye:Honeybee landing on milkthistle02.jpg|right|180px|link=Uruyuki]] '''[[Uruyuki]]''' (ubuke: inzuki; mu kilatini: ''Apis'') ni agasimba k'inigwahabiri kadafite amagufwa, gafite umubiri ugizwe n'ibice bitatu: umutwe, igituza n'inda. Ku mutwe hariho uduhembe tubiri tuzifasha kumenya ibizikikije n'amaso manini abiri. Mu muzinga umwe hashobora kubamo ingabo zigera ku 1 500 zigaburirwa n'intazi. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Uruyuki|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 11 = [[Dosiye:Lakes of Burundi.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Ikiyaga cya Rweru]] '''[[Ikiyaga cya Rweru]]''' ni ikiyaga gihuriweho n'u [[Rwanda]] n'[[Uburundi|u Burundi]]. Kiri ku mupaka w'ibihugu byombi, muri [[Afurika]] yo hagati. Igice kinini cy'ikiyaga kiri mu Burundi. Amazi y'ikiyaga si maremare. Ikiyaga cya Rweru kiri mu biyaga byo mu kibaya cy'[[Umugezi wa Kagera|Akagera]] yo haruguru. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Ikiyaga cya Rweru|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 12 = [[Dosiye:Muhazi Lake.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Ikiyaga cya Muhazi]] '''[[Ikiyaga cya Muhazi]]''' ni ikiyaga kirekire giherereye mu burasirazuba bw'[[Rwanda|u Rwanda]]. Igice kinini cyacyo kiri mu Ntara y'Iburasirazuba, naho impera yacyo y'iburengerazuba igakora umupaka hagati y'Intara y'Amajyaruguru na [[Kigali]]. Ni ikibaya cyuzuyemo amazi kiryamye kuva iburasirazuba ugana iburengerazuba. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Ikiyaga cya Muhazi|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 13 = [[Dosiye:ISS012-E-17845 - View of Rwanda (cropped Lakes Nasho Cyambwe Mpanga).jpg|right|180x140px|link=Ikiyaga cya Nasho]] '''[[Ikiyaga cya Nasho]]''' ni ikiyaga cyo mu burasirazuba bw'[[Rwanda|u Rwanda]]. Giherereye mu [[Umurenge wa Ndego|Murenge wa Ndego]], mu [[Akarere ka Kayonza]], mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba|Ntara y'Iburasirazuba]]. Ikiyaga cya Nasho gifite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 13,7. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Ikiyaga cya Nasho|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 14 = [[Dosiye:Maasai boys in hunting gear.jpg|right|180px|link=Abamasayi]] '''[[Abamasayi]]''' ni ubwoko bw'abantu batuye mu majyaruguru, hagati no mu majyepfo ya Kenya, no mu majyaruguru ya Tanzaniya. Bari mu baturage bazwi cyane ku rwego mpuzamahanga, bitewe n'aho batuye hafi ya pariki nyinshi zo mu karere k'Ibiyaga Bigari bya Afurika, n'imigenzo yabo, imyambarire n'imitako byabo bwite. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Abamasayi|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 15 = [[Dosiye:Lac Cohoha (redressé et recadré).jpg|right|180x140px|link=Ikiyaga cya Cohoha]] '''Ikiyaga cya Cyohoha y'Amajyepfo''' (mu Burundi: Cohoha) ni ikiyaga gihuriweho n'u [[Rwanda]] n'[[Uburundi|u Burundi]]. Kiri ku mupaka uhuza amajyepfo y'u Rwanda n'amajyaruguru y'u Burundi, mu gace ka Bugesera. Ikiyaga kigenda kigabanuka. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Ikiyaga cya Cohoha|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 16 = [[Dosiye:ISS012-E-17842 - View of Burundi (cropped Lake Cyohoha North).jpg|right|180x140px|link=Ikiyaga cya Cyohoha y'amajyaruguru]] '''Ikiyaga cya Cyohoha y'amajyaruguru''' ni ikiyaga cyo mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]] y'u [[Rwanda]]. Kiri mu [[Akarere ka Bugesera]]. Kiri mu majyaruguru y'[[Ikiyaga cya Cohoha|Ikiyaga cya Cyohoha y'amajyepfo]]. Ikiyaga cya Cyohoha y'amajyaruguru cyakamye hafi ya cyose mu ntangiriro z'imyaka ya 2000. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Ikiyaga cya Cyohoha y'amajyaruguru|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 17 = [[Dosiye:The Mihindi Lake - Flickr - askmeaks.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Ikiyaga cya Mihindi]] '''[[Ikiyaga cya Mihindi]]''' ni ikiyaga cyo mu burasirazuba bw'u [[Rwanda]]. Kiri muri [[Pariki y'Akagera|Pariki y'Igihugu y'Akagera]], mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba|Ntara y'Iburasirazuba]]. Kiri hafi y'umupaka wa [[Tanzaniya]]. Ikiyaga cya Mihindi gifite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 10,9. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Ikiyaga cya Mihindi|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 18 = '''[[Ikiyaga cya Rwanyakazinga]]''' ni ikiyaga cyo mu [[Rwanda]]. Kiri muri [[Pariki y'Akagera|Pariki y'Igihugu y'Akagera]], mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba|Ntara y'Iburasirazuba]]. Ni ikiyaga cya kabiri kinini muri pariki, nyuma y'Ikiyaga cya Ihema. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Ikiyaga cya Rwanyakazinga|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 19 = '''[[Ikiyaga cya Nyirakigugu]]''' ni ikiyaga gito cyo mu [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba]] y'u [[Rwanda]]. Kiri mu Murenge wa Jenda, mu [[Akarere ka Nyabihu]]. Kiri hafi y'umuhanda wa kaburimbo uva i [[Akarere ka Musanze|Musanze]] ujya i [[Akarere ka Rubavu|Rubavu]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Ikiyaga cya Nyirakigugu|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 20 = '''[[Ikiyaga cya cyabayaga|Ikiyaga cya Cyabayaga]]''' ni ikiyaga gihangano cyo mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]] y'u [[Rwanda]]. Kiri mu [[Akarere ka Nyagatare]]. Cyashyizweho mu mwaka wa 2004. Amazi y'Ikiyaga cya Cyabayaga yuhira [[Umuceli|umuceri]]. Ikiyaga kirororerwamo [[amafi]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Ikiyaga cya cyabayaga|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 21 = '''[[Ikiyaga cya Cyambwe]]''' ni ikiyaga cyo mu burasirazuba bw'[[Rwanda|u Rwanda]]. Giherereye mu [[Akarere ka Kirehe]], mu Murenge wa Nasho. Ikiyaga cya Cyambwe kiri hafi y'[[Ikiyaga cya Nasho]]. Kibamo amafi, imvubu n'ingona. Amazi yacyo akoreshwa mu kuhira imyaka. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Ikiyaga cya Cyambwe|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 22 = [[Dosiye:Bisoke Crater View.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Ikiyaga cya Bisoke]] '''[[Ikiyaga cya Bisoke]]''' ni ikiyaga kiri ku gasongero k'[[Ikirunga cya Bisoke]], mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba bw'[[Rwanda|u Rwanda]]. Ni ikiyaga kiri mu mwobo w'ikirunga (''crater lake''). Ikiyaga cya Bisoke ni hamwe mu hantu nyaburanga mu Rwanda. Ba mukerarugendo benshi barakizamuka kugira ngo bakirebe. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Ikiyaga cya Bisoke|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 23 = [[Dosiye:ISS006-E-24705 - View of Rwanda (cropped Lake Birira).jpg|right|180x140px|link=Ikiyaga cya Birira]] '''[[Ikiyaga cya Birira]]''' ni ikiyaga cyo mu [[Rwanda]]. Giherereye mu [[Akarere ka Ngoma]], mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]]. Ikiyaga cya Birira kiri mu biyaga byo mu kibaya cy'[[Umugezi wa Kagera|Akagera]] yo haruguru. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Ikiyaga cya Birira|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 24 = '''[[Ikiyaga cya Hago]]''' ni ikiyaga cyo mu burasirazuba bw'[[Rwanda|u Rwanda]]. Kiri muri [[Pariki y'Akagera]], mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba|Ntara y'Iburasirazuba]]. Ikiyaga cya Hago gifite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 16,1. Ubujyakuzimu bwacyo ntiburenga metero 5,8. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Ikiyaga cya Hago|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 25 = '''[[Ikiyaga cya Karago]]''' ni ikiyaga gito cyo mu [[Rwanda]]. Giherereye mu [[Akarere ka Nyabihu]], mu [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba]]. Ikiyaga cya Karago kiri ku butumburuke burenga m 2 300. Mu mwaka wa 2022, bashyizemo amagi y'amafi kugira ngo umusaruro wiyongere. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Ikiyaga cya Karago|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 26 = '''[[Ikiyaga cya Kivumba]]''' ni ikiyaga cyo mu burasirazuba bw'[[Rwanda|u Rwanda]]. Kiri muri [[Pariki y'Akagera]]. Ikiyaga cya Kivumba kiri mu biyaga byo mu kibaya cyo hasi cy'[[Umugezi wa Akagera|umugezi w'Akagera]]. Ntikigira ubujyakuzimu bunini. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Ikiyaga cya Kivumba|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 27 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Cape-town-port-boats.jpg|180x140px|link=Afurika y’Epfo]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of South Africa.svg|33px|link=Afurika y’Epfo]]</div></div> '''[[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika y'Epfo]]''' ni igihugu giherereye mu majyepfo y'umugabane wa [[Afurika]]. Kigizwe n'intara icyenda. Gihana imbibi na [[Namibiya]], [[Botswana]], [[Zimbabwe]], [[Mozambike]] na [[Eswatini]], kandi kizengurutse igihugu cya [[Lesoto]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Afurika y’Epfo|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 28 = [[Dosiye:Rwanda Provinces 2006.png|right|180x140px|link=Intara z’u Rwanda]] '''[[Intara z’u Rwanda]]''' ni inzego nini z’ubutegetsi bw’[[Rwanda|u Rwanda]]. U Rwanda rufite intara enye n’[[Kigali|Umujyi wa Kigali]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Intara z’u Rwanda|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 29 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Annaba, algeria04.jpg|180x140px|link=Aligeriya]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Algeria.svg|33px|link=Aligeriya]]</div></div> '''[[Aligeriya]]''' n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. Igihugu gituwe n’abaturage bagera kuri 47,400,000 (2025), batuye ku buso bwa km² 2,381,741. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Aligeriya|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 30 = [[Dosiye:Kigali2018Cropped.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Kigali]] '''[[Kigali]]''' ni umurwa mukuru w’[[Rwanda|u Rwanda]]. Kigali iri hagati mu gihugu. Kigali yabaye umurwa mukuru igihe u Rwanda rwabonaga ubwigenge muri 1962. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Kigali|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 31 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Morro do Moco, Huambo, Angola.jpg|180x140px|link=Angola]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Angola.svg|33px|link=Angola]]</div></div> '''[[Angola]]''' ni igihugu cyo muri [[Afurika]]. Angola ikora ku Nyanja ya Atalantika. Umurwa mukuru wayo ni Luanda. Ururimi rwemewe ni Igiporutigali. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Angola|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 32 = [[Dosiye:Lake Ruhondo.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Intara y’Amajyaruguru y’u Rwanda]] '''[[Intara y’Amajyaruguru y’u Rwanda|Intara y’Amajyaruguru]]''' ni imwe mu [[Intara z’u Rwanda|ntara enye z’u Rwanda]]. Iri mu majyaruguru y’igihugu. Ibiro byayo biri mu [[Akarere ka Musanze]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Intara y’Amajyaruguru y’u Rwanda|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 33 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Des barques au port de pêche de Cotonou au Bénin.jpg|180x140px|link=Bene]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Benin.svg|33px|link=Bene]]</div></div> '''[[Bene]]''' ni igihugu cyo muri [[Afurika]] y'Iburengerazuba. Mbere y'umwaka wa 1975, Bene yitwaga Dahomey. Umurwa mukuru ni Porto-Novo. Icyicaro cya guverinoma kiri i Cotonou. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Bene|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 34 = [[Dosiye:Akagera National Park Giraffes.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Intara y'Iburasirazuba]] '''[[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]]''' ni imwe mu [[Intara z’u Rwanda|ntara enye z'u Rwanda]]. Iri mu burasirazuba bw'igihugu. Icyicaro cyayo kiri i [[Rwamagana]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Intara y'Iburasirazuba|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 35 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Okavango Delta, Botswana (2674364913).jpg|180x140px|link=Botswana]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Botswana.svg|33px|link=Botswana]]</div></div> '''[[Botswana]]''' ni igihugu cyo muri Afurika y'Amajyepfo. Botswana ntikora ku nyanja. Umurwa mukuru wayo ni [[Gaborone]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Botswana|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 36 = [[Dosiye:Southern Province, Rwanda.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Intara y'amajyepfo]] '''[[Intara y'amajyepfo|Intara y’Amajyepfo]]''' ni imwe mu [[Intara z’u Rwanda|ntara enye z’u Rwanda]]. Iri mu majyepfo y’igihugu. Icyicaro cyayo kiri mu [[Akarere ka Nyanza|Karere ka Nyanza]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Intara y'amajyepfo|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 37 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Tiebele village in Burkina Faso 04.jpg|180x140px|link=Burukina Faso]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Burkina Faso.svg|33px|link=Burukina Faso]]</div></div> '''[[Burukina Faso]]''' ni igihugu cyo muri Afurika y'Iburengerazuba. Burukina Faso ntikora ku nyanja. Umurwa mukuru wayo ni [[Wagadugu]]. Mbere y'umwaka wa 1984, iki gihugu cyitwaga Volta y'Haruguru. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Burukina Faso|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 38 = [[Dosiye:Scenery in Hills above Lake Kivu - Near Karongi-Kibuye - Western Rwanda - 02.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Intara y'Uburengerazuba]] '''[[Intara y'Uburengerazuba|Intara y'Iburengerazuba]]''' ni imwe mu [[Intara z’u Rwanda|ntara enye z'u Rwanda]]. Iri mu burengerazuba bw'igihugu. Icyicaro cyayo kiri mu [[Akarere ka Karongi|Karere ka Karongi]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Intara y'Uburengerazuba|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 39 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Well of the Young Girls in the Ennedi Mountains - northeastern Chad 2015.jpg|180x140px|link=Cade]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Chad.svg|33px|link=Cade]]</div></div> '''[[Cade]]''' cyangwa '''Cadi''' n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Cade|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 40 = [[Dosiye:RwandaDists.png|right|180x140px|link=Uturere tw’u Rwanda]] '''[[Uturere tw’u Rwanda]]''' ni inzego z’ubutegetsi z’[[Rwanda|u Rwanda]] ziri munsi y’intara. U Rwanda rufite uturere 30. Uturere 27 turi mu [[Intara z’u Rwanda|ntara]] enye. Uturere dutatu turi mu [[Kigali|Mujyi wa Kigali]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 41 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:An old house in the European quarter built during Italian Eritrea in the early 19th century in Asmara, Eritrea.jpg|180x140px|link=Eritereya]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Eritrea.svg|33px|link=Eritereya]]</div></div> '''[[Eritereya]]''' n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. [[Umurwa]] mukuru w’u Eritereya witwa [[Asmara]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Eritereya|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 42 = [[Dosiye:Lake view at gashora.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Bugesera]] '''[[Akarere ka Bugesera]]''' ni kamwe mu turere turindwi tugize [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Gaherereye mu majyepfo y'iburasirazuba bw'u Rwanda. Gahana imbibi n'[[Uburundi]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Bugesera|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 43 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Mbabane Landscape.jpg|180x140px|link=Eswatini]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Eswatini.svg|33px|link=Eswatini]]</div></div> '''[[Eswatini]]''' n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]] y’Amajyepfo. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Eswatini|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 44 = [[Dosiye:Lake Burera in Rwanda.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Burera]] '''[[Akarere ka Burera]]''' ni kamwe mu turere dutanu tugize [[Intara y’Amajyaruguru y’u Rwanda|Intara y'Amajyaruguru]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Gahana imbibi na [[Ubugande|Uganda]]. Gafite ubuso bwa 644,5 km² n'abaturage 387 729. Kagizwe n'imirenge 17. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Burera|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 45 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Addis Ababa (16314616596).jpg|180x140px|link=Etiyopiya]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Ethiopia.svg|33px|link=Etiyopiya]]</div></div> '''[[Etiyopiya]]''' n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. [[Umurwa]] mukuru w’u Etiyopiya witwa [[Addis Ababa]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Etiyopiya|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 46 = [[Dosiye:GAKENKE District.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Gakenke]] '''[[Akarere ka Gakenke]]''' ni kamwe mu turere dutanu tugize [[Intara y’Amajyaruguru y’u Rwanda|Intara y'Amajyaruguru]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Gafite ubuso bwa 704,06 km² n'abaturage 365 292. Kagizwe n'imirenge 19. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Gakenke|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 47 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Éléphant du Gabon.jpg|180x140px|link=Gabon]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Gabon.svg|33px|link=Gabon]]</div></div> '''[[Gabon]]''' cyangwa '''Gabo''' n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]] yo Hagati. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Gabon|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 48 = [[Dosiye:KIGALI city view.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Gasabo]] '''[[Akarere ka Gasabo]]''' ni kamwe mu turere dutatu tugize [[Kigali|Umujyi wa Kigali]], mu [[Rwanda]]. Gafite ubuso bwa 430,3 km² n'abaturage 879 505. Kagizwe n'imirenge 15. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Gasabo|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 49 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Banjul-uitzicht.jpg|180x140px|link=Gambiya]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of The Gambia.svg|33px|link=Gambiya]]</div></div> '''[[Gambiya]]''' n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. [[Umurwa]] mukuru wa Gambiya witwa [[Banjul]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Gambiya|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 50 = [[Dosiye:Rwanda Mountain at Gatsibo.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Gatsibo]] '''[[Akarere ka Gatsibo]]''' ni kamwe mu turere turindwi tugize [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Gaherereye iburasirazuba bw'Intara. Gafite ubuso bwa 1 585,3 km² n'abaturage 551 164. Kagizwe n'imirenge 14. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Gatsibo|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 51 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Accra General Post Office.jpg|180x140px|link=Gana]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Ghana.svg|33px|link=Gana]]</div></div> '''[[Gana]]''' n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. [[Umurwa]] mukuru wa Gana witwa [[Accra]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Gana|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 52 = [[Dosiye:Uruganda rw'icyayi rwo ku mulindi.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Gicumbi]] '''[[Akarere ka Gicumbi]]''' ni kamwe mu turere dutanu tugize [[Intara y’Amajyaruguru y’u Rwanda|Intara y'Amajyaruguru]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Gaherereye mu burasirazuba bw'iyi ntara. Umujyi wako mukuru ni [[Byumba]]. Gafite ubuso bwa 828,9 km² n'abaturage 448 824. Kagizwe n'imirenge 21. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Gicumbi|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 53 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Taxi Guinée.jpg|180x140px|link=Gineya]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Guinea.svg|33px|link=Gineya]]</div></div> '''[[Gineya]]''' n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Gineya|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 54 = [[Dosiye:KabuyeGenocideMemorial12.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Gisagara]] '''[[Akarere ka Gisagara]]''' ni kamwe mu turere umunani tugize [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Intara y'Amajyepfo]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Gahana imbibi n'[[Uburundi]]. Gafite ubuso bwa 679 km² n'abaturage 397 051. Kagizwe n'imirenge 13. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Gisagara|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 55 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Port of Malabo 1.jpg|180x140px|link=Gineya Ekwatoriyale]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Equatorial Guinea.svg|33px|link=Gineya Ekwatoriyale]]</div></div> '''[[Gineya Ekwatoriyale]]''' ni igihugu cyo muri [[Afurika]]. Kiri ku nkombe y'iburengerazuba bwa Afurika. Kigizwe n'igice kiri ku mugabane n'ibirwa bitanu. Umurwa mukuru ni Ciudad de la Paz kuva mu 2026. Mbere, umurwa mukuru wari [[Malabo]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Gineya Ekwatoriyale|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 56 = [[Dosiye:Arboretum of Ruhande in Rwanda.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Huye]] '''[[Akarere ka Huye]]''' ni kamwe mu turere umunani tugize [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Intara y'Amajyepfo]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Gafite ubuso bwa 581,5 km² n'abaturage 381 900. Kagizwe n'imirenge 14. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Huye|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 57 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Biso kotuwa.jpg|180x140px|link=Gineya-Biso]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Guinea-Bissau.svg|33px|link=Gineya-Biso]]</div></div> '''[[Gineya-Biso]]''' ni igihugu cyo muri [[Afurika]] y'Iburengerazuba. Gikora ku Nyanja ya Atalantika. Umurwa mukuru wacyo ni [[Biso]]. Ururimi rwemewe ni Igiporutigali. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Gineya-Biso|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 58 = [[Dosiye:A view of Nyabarongo river.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Kamonyi]] '''[[Akarere ka Kamonyi]]''' ni kamwe mu turere umunani tugize [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Intara y'Amajyepfo]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Gafite ubuso bwa 655,5 km² n'abaturage 450 849. Kagizwe n'imirenge 12. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Kamonyi|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 59 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Lake Assal 1-Djibouti.jpg|180x140px|link=Jibuti]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Djibouti.svg|33px|link=Jibuti]]</div></div> '''[[Jibuti]]''' ni igihugu cyo mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba bwa [[Afurika]]. Jibuti ihana imbibi na [[Eritereya]], [[Etiyopiya]] na [[Somaliya]]. Jibuti ikora ku Kigobe cya Aden. Umurwa mukuru wayo ni umujyi wa Jibuti. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Jibuti|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 60 = [[Dosiye:Kibuye view.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Karongi]] '''[[Akarere ka Karongi]]''' ni kamwe mu turere turindwi tugize [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Kari ku [[Ikiyaga cya Kivu]]. Gafite ubuso bwa 993 km² n'abaturage 373 869. Kagizwe n'imirenge 13. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Karongi|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 61 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Mount Cameroon, Buea in the wee hours of a clear morning.jpg|180x140px|link=Kameruni]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Cameroon.svg|33px|link=Kameruni]]</div></div> '''[[Kameruni]]''' ni igihugu cyo muri [[Afurika]]. Umurwa mukuru ni Yaoundé. Indimi zemewe ni Igifaransa n'Icyongereza. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Kameruni|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 62 = [[Dosiye:Wild sunset.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Kayonza]] '''[[Akarere ka Kayonza]]''' ni kamwe mu turere turindwi tugize [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Gafite ubuso bwa 1 935 km² n'abaturage 457 156. Kagizwe n'imirenge 12. Ni amarembo ya [[Pariki y'Akagera]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Kayonza|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 63 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Satellite image of Cape Verde in December 2002.jpg|180x140px|link=Kapu Veri]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Cape Verde (10-17).svg|33px|link=Kapu Veri]]</div></div> '''[[Kapu Veri]]''' ni igihugu kigizwe n'ibirwa mu Nyanja ya Atalantika. Kiri ku kilometero bigera kuri 600 uvuye ku nkombe ya [[Senegali]]. Umurwa mukuru wacyo ni Praia. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Kapu Veri|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 64 = [[Dosiye:Gahanga Cricket Oval in Kicukiro.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Kicukiro]] '''[[Akarere ka Kicukiro]]''' ni kamwe mu turere dutatu tugize [[Kigali|Umujyi wa Kigali]], mu [[Rwanda]]. Gafite ubuso bwa 166,7 km² n'abaturage 491 731. Kagizwe n'imirenge 10. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Kicukiro|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 65 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Mount Kenya.jpg|180x140px|link=Kenya]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Kenya.svg|33px|link=Kenya]]</div></div> '''[[Kenya]]''' ni igihugu cyo muri [[Afurika]] y'Iburasirazuba. Umurwa mukuru ni [[Nairobi]]. Indimi zemewe ni Igiswahili n'Icyongereza. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Kenya|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 66 = [[Dosiye:ICYUZI.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Kirehe]] '''[[Akarere ka Kirehe]]''' ni kamwe mu turere turindwi tugize [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Gaherereye mu majyepfo y'iburasirazuba bw'u Rwanda. Gafite ubuso bwa 1 118,5 km² n'abaturage 460 860. Kagizwe n'imirenge 12. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Kirehe|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 67 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Shores Moroni.jpg|180x140px|link=Komore]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of the Comoros.svg|33px|link=Komore]]</div></div> '''[[Komore]]''' ni igihugu kigizwe n'ibirwa mu Nyanja y'Ubuhinde. Kiri hagati ya [[Madagasikari]] na [[Mozambike]]. Umurwa mukuru wacyo ni [[Moroni]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Komore|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 68 = [[Dosiye:Kabgayi Basilica Catholic Church.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Muhanga]] '''[[Akarere ka Muhanga]]''' ni kamwe mu turere umunani tugize [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Intara y'Amajyepfo]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Gafite ubuso bwa 647,7 km² n'abaturage 369 491. Kagizwe n'imirenge 12. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Muhanga|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 69 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Congo Brazzaville 2014.png|180x140px|link=Kongo]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of the Republic of the Congo.svg|33px|link=Kongo]]</div></div> '''[[Kongo]]''' cyangwa '''Repubulika ya Kongo''' n’[[igihugu]] cya [[Afurika]] yo Hagati, giherereye iburengerazuba bwa [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]]. Cyahoze cyitwa Kongo Brazzaville. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Kongo|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 70 = [[Dosiye:This picture was taken in Musanze District which is location in the Northern Province of Rwanda 03.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Musanze]] '''[[Akarere ka Musanze]]''' ni kamwe mu turere dutanu tugize [[Intara y’Amajyaruguru y’u Rwanda|Intara y'Amajyaruguru]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Gafite ubuso bwa 530,2 km² n'abaturage 476 522. Kagizwe n'imirenge 15. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Musanze|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 71 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Public Transport in Abidjan, Ivory Coast 12.jpg|180x140px|link=Kote Divuwari]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Cote d'Ivoire.svg|33px|link=Kote Divuwari]]</div></div> '''[[Kote Divuwari]]''' n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Kote Divuwari|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 72 = [[Dosiye:Sholi horizon (cropped).jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Ngoma]] '''[[Akarere ka Ngoma]]''' ni kamwe mu turere turindwi tugize [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Ibiro byako biri i Kibungo. Gafite ubuso bwa 867,74 km² n'abaturage 404 048. Kagizwe n'imirenge 14. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Ngoma|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 73 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Katse Dam.jpg|180x140px|link=Lesoto]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Lesotho.svg|33px|link=Lesoto]]</div></div> '''[[Lesoto]]''' ni igihugu cyo muri [[Afurika]] y'Amajyepfo. Kizengurutswe na [[Afurika y’Epfo]] impande zose. Umurwa mukuru ni [[Maseru]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Lesoto|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 74 = [[Dosiye:Ibyiza bitatse akarere ka Ngororero (cropped).jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Ngororero]] '''[[Akarere ka Ngororero]]''' ni kamwe mu turere turindwi tugize [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Kagizwe n'imisozi miremire n'ibibaya. Gafite ubuso bwa 679 km² n'abaturage 367 955. Kagizwe n'imirenge 13. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Ngororero|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 75 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Downtown Monrovia 3348917715 67a2002529.jpg|180x140px|link=Liberiya]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Liberia.svg|33px|link=Liberiya]]</div></div> '''[[Liberiya]]''' ni igihugu cyo muri [[Afurika]] y'Iburengerazuba. Umurwa mukuru ni Monrovia. Ururimi rwemewe ni Icyongereza. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Liberiya|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 76 = [[Dosiye:Gusarura Icyayi.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Nyabihu]] '''[[Akarere ka Nyabihu]]''' ni kamwe mu turere turindwi tugize [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Ibiro byako biri mu Murenge wa Mukamira. Gafite ubuso bwa 531,5 km² n'abaturage 319 047. Kagizwe n'imirenge 12. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Nyabihu|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 77 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Tripoli Skyline edit.jpg|180x140px|link=Libiya]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Libya.svg|33px|link=Libiya]]</div></div> '''[[Libiya]]''' ni igihugu cyo muri [[Afurika]] y'Amajyaruguru. Umurwa mukuru ni Tripoli. Ururimi rwemewe ni Icyarabu. Igice kinini cy'igihugu kiri mu butayu bwa Sahara. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Libiya|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 78 = [[Dosiye:Vache de Nyagatare 3.JPG|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Nyagatare]] '''[[Akarere ka Nyagatare]]''' ni kamwe mu turere turindwi tugize [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Gahana imbibi na [[Ubugande]] na [[Tanzaniya]]. Gafite ubuso bwa 1 919 km² n'abaturage 653 861. Kagizwe n'imirenge 14. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Nyagatare|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 79 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Allée des Baobabs near Morondava, Madagascar.jpg|180x140px|link=Madagasikari]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Madagascar.svg|33px|link=Madagasikari]]</div></div> '''[[Madagasikari]]''' ni igihugu kiri ku kirwa mu Nyanja y'Abahinde. Kiri hafi y'inkombe y'amajyepfo y'uburasirazuba bwa [[Afurika]]. Umurwa mukuru ni [[Antananarivo]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Madagasikari|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 80 = [[Dosiye:Hills of Nyamagabe in Rwanda.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Nyamagabe]] '''[[Akarere ka Nyamagabe]]''' ni kamwe mu turere umunani tugize [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Intara y'Amajyepfo]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Gafite ubuso bwa 1 090 km² n'abaturage 371 501. Kagizwe n'imirenge 17. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Nyamagabe|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 81 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Ilala on malawi lake.jpg|180x140px|link=Malawi]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Malawi.svg|33px|link=Malawi]]</div></div> '''[[Malawi]]''' n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Malawi|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 82 = [[Dosiye:Lake kivu.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Nyamasheke]] '''[[Akarere ka Nyamasheke]]''' ni kamwe mu turere turindwi tugize [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Kari ku [[Ikiyaga cya Kivu]]. Gafite ubuso bwa 1 174 km² n'abaturage 434 221. Kagizwe n'imirenge 15. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Nyamasheke|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 83 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:MaliDjennéMosquée.JPG|180x140px|link=Mali]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Mali.svg|33px|link=Mali]]</div></div> '''[[Mali]]''' ni igihugu cyo muri [[Afurika]] y'Iburengerazuba. Mali ntikora ku nyanja. Umurwa mukuru wayo ni [[Bamako]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Mali|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 84 = [[Dosiye:King's palace in Nyanza.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Nyanza]] '''[[Akarere ka Nyanza]]''' ni kamwe mu turere umunani tugize [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Intara y'Amajyepfo]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Kazwi nk'igicumbi cy'umuco n'amateka by'u Rwanda. Gafite ubuso bwa 671,2 km² n'abaturage 365 718. Kagizwe n'imirenge 10. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Nyanza|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 85 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Tour Hassan-Rabat cropped.jpg|180x140px|link=Maroke]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Morocco.svg|33px|link=Maroke]]</div></div> '''[[Maroke]]''' n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. [[Umurwa]] mukuru wa Maroke witwa [[Rabat]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Maroke|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 86 = [[Dosiye:Nyabarongo River and its surrounding mountain in Rwanda.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Nyarugenge]] '''[[Akarere ka Nyarugenge]]''' ni kamwe mu turere dutatu tugize [[Kigali|Umujyi wa Kigali]], mu [[Rwanda]]. Gafite ubuso bwa 134 km² n'abaturage 374 319. Kagizwe n'imirenge 10. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Nyarugenge|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 87 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:All Gizah Pyramids.jpg|180x140px|link=Misiri]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Egypt.svg|33px|link=Misiri]]</div></div> '''[[Misiri]]''' n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Misiri|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 88 = [[Dosiye:Icyayi cya.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Nyaruguru]] '''[[Akarere ka Nyaruguru]]''' ni kamwe mu turere umunani tugize [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Intara y'Amajyepfo]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Gahana imbibi n'[[Uburundi]]. Gafite ubuso bwa 1 010 km² n'abaturage 318 126. Kagizwe n'imirenge 14. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Nyaruguru|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 89 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Mauritius 23.08.2009 11-42-31.jpg|180x140px|link=Morise]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Mauritius.svg|33px|link=Morise]]</div></div> '''[[Morise]]''' ni igihugu kigizwe n'ibirwa mu Nyanja y'Ubuhinde. Kiri mu burasirazuba bwa [[Madagasikari]]. Umurwa mukuru wacyo ni [[Port Louis]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Morise|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 90 = [[Dosiye:Kivu,Goma and Rubavu On Rwanda Side.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Rubavu]] '''[[Akarere ka Rubavu]]''' ni kamwe mu turere turindwi tugize [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Kari ku [[Ikiyaga cya Kivu]], ku mupaka na [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]]. Gafite ubuso bwa 388,3 km² n'abaturage 546 683. Kagizwe n'imirenge 12. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Rubavu|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 91 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Nouakchott,AlKhaima.jpg|180x140px|link=Moritaniya]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Mauritania.svg|33px|link=Moritaniya]]</div></div> '''[[Moritaniya]]''' n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Moritaniya|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 92 = [[Dosiye:Morning fogs (cropped).jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Ruhango]] '''[[Akarere ka Ruhango]]''' ni kamwe mu turere umunani tugize [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Intara y'Amajyepfo]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Gafite ubuso bwa 628,8 km² n'abaturage 359 121. Kagizwe n'imirenge 9. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Ruhango|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 93 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Mozambique - traditional sailboat.jpg|180x140px|link=Mozambike]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Mozambique.svg|33px|link=Mozambike]]</div></div> '''[[Mozambike]]''' n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. [[Umurwa]] mukuru wa Mozambike witwa [[Maputo]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Mozambike|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 94 = [[Dosiye:Ikirenge museum Rulindo.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Rulindo]] '''[[Akarere ka Rulindo]]''' ni kamwe mu turere dutanu tugize [[Intara y’Amajyaruguru y’u Rwanda|Intara y'Amajyaruguru]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Gafite ubuso bwa 567 km² n'abaturage 360 144. Kagizwe n'imirenge 17. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Rulindo|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 95 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Sossusvlei, Namibia, 2018-08-06, DD 017.jpg|180x140px|link=Namibiya]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Namibia.svg|33px|link=Namibiya]]</div></div> '''[[Namibiya]]''' n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Namibiya|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 96 = [[Dosiye:Rwandan beautifull hills at Cyangugu, cfrt 0783095816.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Rusizi]] '''[[Akarere ka Rusizi]]''' ni kamwe mu turere turindwi tugize [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Kari ku [[Ikiyaga cya Kivu]]. Gahana imbibi n'[[Uburundi]] na [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]]. Gafite ubuso bwa 940,95 km² n'abaturage 485 529. Kagizwe n'imirenge 18. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Rusizi|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 97 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:1997 277-9A Agadez mosque cropped.jpg|180x140px|link=Nigeri]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Niger.svg|33px|link=Nigeri]]</div></div> '''[[Nigeri|Nijeri]]''' n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. [[Umurwa]] mukuru wa Nijeri witwa [[Niamey]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Nigeri|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 98 = [[Dosiye:The 3rd beautiful Rwandan Bridge to prosperity at Rutsiro district, cfr 0788836386.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Rutsiro]] '''[[Akarere ka Rutsiro]]''' ni kamwe mu turere turindwi tugize [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Kari ku [[Ikiyaga cya Kivu]]. Gafite ubuso bwa 1 157,3 km² n'abaturage 369 180. Kagizwe n'imirenge 13. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Rutsiro|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 99 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Zuma Rock.jpg|180x140px|link=Nijeriya]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Nigeria.svg|33px|link=Nijeriya]]</div></div> '''[[Nijeriya]]''' cyangwa '''Nigeriya''', ku mugaragaro '''Repubulika ya Federasiyo ya Nijeriya''', ni [[igihugu]] cyo muri [[Afurika]] y'Iburengerazuba. Umurwa mukuru wacyo ni [[Abuja]], naho umujyi wacyo munini ni Lagos. Ni cyo gihugu gituwe cyane muri Afurika, kikaba kimwe mu bihugu bifite ubukungu bunini kuri uyu mugabane. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Nijeriya|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 100 = [[Dosiye:RwamaganaChurch.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Rwamagana]] '''[[Akarere ka Rwamagana]]''' ni kamwe mu turere turindwi tugize [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Ni ko karimo icyicaro cy'Intara. Umujyi mukuru wako ni [[Rwamagana]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Rwamagana|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 101 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Vue Kinshasa.jpg|180x140px|link=Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.svg|33px|link=Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]]</div></div> '''[[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]]''' ni igihugu cyo muri [[Afurika]] yo Hagati. Kizwi kandi ku izina rya Kongo-Kinshasa. Umurwa mukuru wacyo ni [[Kinshasa]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 102 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Republique Centrafricaine - Boali - Chutes de Boali.jpg|180x140px|link=Repubulika ya Santara Afurika]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of the Central African Republic.svg|33px|link=Repubulika ya Santara Afurika]]</div></div> '''[[Repubulika ya Santara Afurika]]''' n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. [[Umurwa]] mukuru wa Repubulika ya Santara Afurika witwa [[Bangui]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Repubulika ya Santara Afurika|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 103 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:View from Virunga Lodge in Rwanda of Mount Muhavura.jpg|180x140px|link=Rwanda]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Rwanda.svg|33px|link=Rwanda]]</div></div> '''[[Rwanda|U Rwanda]]''' ni igihugu giherereye muri Afurika y'uburasirazuba, mu karere k’[[Ibiyaga Bigari|ibiyaga bigari]]. Umurwa mukuru wacyo ni [[Kigali]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Rwanda|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 104 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Cascade de São Nicolau (São Tomé-et-Principe) (3).jpg|180x140px|link=Sawo Tome na Purensipe]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of São Tomé and Príncipe.svg|33px|link=Sawo Tome na Purensipe]]</div></div> '''[[Sawo Tome na Purensipe]]''' n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Sawo Tome na Purensipe|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 105 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Saint-Louis-du-Sénégal.JPG|180x140px|link=Senegali]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Senegal.svg|33px|link=Senegali]]</div></div> '''[[Senegali]]''' ni [[igihugu]] cyo muri [[Afurika]] y'Iburengerazuba. Umurwa mukuru wacyo ni Dakar. Senegali ihana imbibi na [[Moritaniya]], [[Mali]], [[Gineya]], [[Gineya-Biso]] n'Inyanja ya Atalantika. Igihugu cya [[Gambiya]] kiri hafi ya cyose imbere muri Senegali. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Senegali|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 106 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Fishing in Seychelles.jpg|180x140px|link=Seyishele]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of the Seychelles.svg|33px|link=Seyishele]]</div></div> '''[[Seyishele]]''' n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Seyishele|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 107 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Sierra Leone National Stadium.jpg|180x140px|link=Siyera Lewone]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Sierra Leone.svg|33px|link=Siyera Lewone]]</div></div> '''[[Siyera Lewone]]''' n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Siyera Lewone|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 108 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:MogadishuHeadquarters.jpeg|180x140px|link=Somaliya]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Somalia.svg|33px|link=Somaliya]]</div></div> '''[[Somaliya]]''' ni [[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. [[Umurwa]] mukuru wa Somaliya witwa [[Mogadishu]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Somaliya|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 109 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Khartoum Teaching Hospital 001.jpg|180x140px|link=Sudani]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Sudan.svg|33px|link=Sudani]]</div></div> '''[[Sudani]]''' n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Sudani|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 110 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Mundari tribe in South Sudan.jpg|180x140px|link=Sudani y’Amajyepfo]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of South Sudan.svg|33px|link=Sudani y’Amajyepfo]]</div></div> '''[[Sudani y’Amajyepfo]]''' n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Sudani y’Amajyepfo|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 111 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Dar es salaam City.jpg|180x140px|link=Tanzaniya]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Tanzania.svg|33px|link=Tanzaniya]]</div></div> '''[[Tanzaniya]]''' cyangwa '''Repubulika Yunze Ubumwe ya Tanzaniya''' n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]] y'iburasirazuba. Umurwa mukuru wa Tanzaniya witwa [[Dodoma]]. Umusozi wa [[Umusozi wa Kilimanjaro|Kilimanjaro]], umusozi muremure wa Afurika, uri mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba bwa Tanzaniya. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Tanzaniya|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 112 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Monument of independence Lomé 1968.jpg|180x140px|link=Togo]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Togo (3-2).svg|33px|link=Togo]]</div></div> '''[[Togo]]''' n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Togo|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 113 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Downtown Tunis.jpg|180x140px|link=Tunisiya]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Tunisia.svg|33px|link=Tunisiya]]</div></div> '''[[Tunisiya]]''' cyangwa '''Tuniziya''' n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Tunisiya|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 114 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Yoweri K. Museveni (portrait, 2018).jpg|180x140px|link=Ubugande]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Uganda.svg|33px|link=Ubugande]]</div></div> '''[[Ubugande]]''' cyangwa '''Yuganda''', '''Repubulika y’Ubugande''' n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]] y’Iburasirazuba. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Ubugande|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 115 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Burundi - Lake Tanganyika fisheries.jpg|180x140px|link=Uburundi]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Burundi.svg|33px|link=Uburundi]]</div></div> '''[[Uburundi]]''', ku mugaragaro '''Repubulika y'u Burundi''', ni [[igihugu]] kidakora ku [[inyanja]] giherereye muri [[Afurika]] yo hagati n'iy'Iburasirazuba, mu karere k'Ibiyaga Bigari. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Uburundi|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 116 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Lusaka City Transport.jpg|180x140px|link=Zambiya]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Zambia.svg|33px|link=Zambiya]]</div></div> '''[[Zambiya]]''' n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. [[Umurwa]] mukuru wa Zambiya witwa [[Lusaka]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Zambiya|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 117 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Harare International Airport.jpg|180x140px|link=Zimbabwe]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Zimbabwe.svg|33px|link=Zimbabwe]]</div></div> '''[[Zimbabwe]]''' n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. [[Umurwa]] mukuru wa Zimbabwe witwa [[Harare]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Zimbabwe|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 118 = [[Dosiye:Kigali2018Cropped.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Kigali]] '''[[Kigali]]''' ni umurwa mukuru w’u Rwanda. Kigali iri hagati mu gihugu. Kigali yabaye umurwa mukuru igihe u Rwanda rwabonaga ubwigenge muri 1962. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Kigali|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 119 = [[Dosiye:Lake Ruhondo.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Intara y’Amajyaruguru y’u Rwanda]] '''[[Intara y’Amajyaruguru y’u Rwanda|Intara y’Amajyaruguru]]''' ni imwe mu ntara enye z’u Rwanda. Iri mu majyaruguru y’igihugu. Ibiro byayo biri mu Akarere ka Musanze. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Intara y’Amajyaruguru y’u Rwanda|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 120 = [[Dosiye:Southern Province, Rwanda.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Intara y'amajyepfo]] '''[[Intara y'amajyepfo|Intara y’Amajyepfo]]''' ni imwe mu ntara enye z’u Rwanda. Iri mu majyepfo y’igihugu. Icyicaro cyayo kiri mu Karere ka Nyanza. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Intara y'amajyepfo|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 121 = [[Dosiye:Scenery in Hills above Lake Kivu - Near Karongi-Kibuye - Western Rwanda - 02.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Intara y'Uburengerazuba]] '''[[Intara y'Uburengerazuba|Intara y'Iburengerazuba]]''' ni imwe mu ntara enye z'u Rwanda. Iri mu burengerazuba bw'igihugu. Icyicaro cyayo kiri mu Karere ka Karongi. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Intara y'Uburengerazuba|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 122 = [[Dosiye:Akagera National Park Giraffes.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Intara y'Iburasirazuba]] '''[[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]]''' ni imwe mu ntara enye z'u Rwanda. Iri mu burasirazuba bw'igihugu. Icyicaro cyayo kiri i Rwamagana. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Intara y'Iburasirazuba|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 123 = [[Dosiye:Nyabarongo bridge photo.JPG|right|180x140px|link=Minisiteri y'Ibikorwa Remezo]] '''[[Minisiteri y'Ibikorwa Remezo]]''' (Ministry of Infrastructure, MININFRA) ni minisiteri ya Leta y'u Rwanda. Ishinzwe politiki y'ibikorwa remezo mu gihugu hose. Ibyo bikorwa remezo ni ubwikorezi, ingufu, amazi n'isukura, n'imiturire. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Minisiteri y'Ibikorwa Remezo|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 124 = [[Dosiye:Memorial to Members of Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning Murdered in 1994 Genocide - Kigali - Rwanda (9024670933).jpg|right|180x140px|link=Minisiteri y'Imari n'Igenamigambi ry'Ubukungu mu Rwanda]] '''[[Minisiteri y'Imari n'Igenamigambi ry'Ubukungu mu Rwanda|Minisiteri y'Imari n'Igenamigambi ry'Ubukungu]]''' (Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning, MINECOFIN) ni minisiteri ya Leta y'u Rwanda. Ishinzwe imari ya Leta n'igenamigambi ry'ubukungu bw'igihugu. Icyicaro cyayo kiri mu Akarere ka Nyarugenge, mu mujyi wa Kigali. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Minisiteri y'Imari n'Igenamigambi ry'Ubukungu mu Rwanda|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 125 = [[Dosiye:MINEDUC (ministry education) (straightened).jpg|right|180x140px|link=Minisiteri y'uburezi mu Rwanda]] '''[[Minisiteri y'uburezi mu Rwanda|Minisiteri y'Uburezi]]''' (Ministry of Education, MINEDUC) ni minisiteri ya Leta y'u Rwanda. Ishinzwe uburezi mu gihugu. Icyicaro cyayo kiri i Kigali. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Minisiteri y'uburezi mu Rwanda|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 126 = [[Dosiye:Guhinga.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Minisiteri y’Ubuhinzi n’Ubworozi]] '''[[Minisiteri y’Ubuhinzi n’Ubworozi|Minisiteri y'Ubuhinzi n'Ubworozi]]''' (Ministry of Agriculture and Animal Resources, MINAGRI) ni minisiteri ya Leta y'u Rwanda. Ishinzwe guteza imbere ubuhinzi n'ubworozi. Intego yayo ni ukugira ngo u Rwanda rugire umutekano w'ibiribwa. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Minisiteri y’Ubuhinzi n’Ubworozi|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 127 = [[Dosiye:Ministry of Health building, Kigali (straightened).jpg|right|180x140px|link=Minisiteri y’Ubuzima]] '''[[Minisiteri y’Ubuzima|Minisiteri y'Ubuzima]]''' (Ministry of Health, MINISANTE) ni minisiteri ya Leta y'u Rwanda. Ishinzwe guteza imbere ubuzima bw'abaturage. Icyicaro cyayo kiri i Kigali. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Minisiteri y’Ubuzima|Soma byinshi →]]</div> }} <div style="border-top:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle,#dadde3);margin-top:1em;padding-top:0.9em"> <div style="font-size:0.9em;font-weight:700;color:#20603D;margin-bottom:0.4em">🌺 Ibimera n'indabo byo mu Rwanda</div> {{Intangiriro/Ibimera|ingingo}} </div> </div><!-- Ibindi bimera: byuzuza umwanya usigaye iruhande rw'ishusho; ibitagiramo umwanya birahishwa --> <div style="flex:1 1 0;min-height:0;display:flex;flex-direction:column;flex-wrap:wrap;align-content:flex-start;overflow:hidden"> <div style="width:100%;box-sizing:border-box;overflow:hidden;border-top:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle,#dadde3);margin-top:1em;padding-top:0.9em"> {{Intangiriro/Ibimera|ingingo|1}} </div> <div style="width:100%;box-sizing:border-box;overflow:hidden;border-top:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle,#dadde3);margin-top:1em;padding-top:0.9em"> {{Intangiriro/Ibimera|ingingo|2}} </div> <div style="width:100%;box-sizing:border-box;overflow:hidden;border-top:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle,#dadde3);margin-top:1em;padding-top:0.9em"> {{Intangiriro/Ibimera|ingingo|3}} </div> <div style="width:100%;box-sizing:border-box;overflow:hidden;border-top:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle,#dadde3);margin-top:1em;padding-top:0.9em"> {{Intangiriro/Ibimera|ingingo|4}} </div> </div> </div> <div style="flex:1 1 260px;min-width:0;box-sizing:border-box;background:var(--background-color-base,#fff);color:var(--color-base,#202122);border:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle,#dadde3);border-top:4px solid #C99A00;border-radius:12px;padding:0.4em 1.2em 1em;box-shadow:0 2px 6px rgba(0,0,0,0.06)"> <h2 style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:1.25em;font-weight:700;border-bottom:none;margin:0.5em 0 0.6em;padding:0;color:#C99A00">📷 Ishusho y'icyumweru</h2> <div style="overflow:hidden"> {{#switch: {{#expr: {{CURRENTWEEK}} mod 8 }} | 0 = [[Dosiye:NYUNGWE CLOUDS.jpg|center|frameless|upright=1.6|link=Pariki ya Nyungwe|alt=Ibicu hejuru y'ishyamba rya Nyungwe]] <div style="text-align:center;font-size:0.95em;margin-top:0.5em">Ibicu hejuru y'ishyamba rya [[Pariki ya Nyungwe|Nyungwe]]</div> | 1 = [[Dosiye:Mountain gorilla (Gorilla beringei beringei) female 2.jpg|center|frameless|upright=1.6|link=Ingagi zo mu birunga|alt=Ingagi y'ingore yo mu birunga (Gorilla beringei beringei) — reba Ingagi zo mu birunga]] <div style="text-align:center;font-size:0.95em;margin-top:0.5em">Ingagi y'ingore yo mu birunga (''Gorilla beringei beringei'') — reba [[Ingagi zo mu birunga]]</div> | 2 = [[Dosiye:Lake Kivu at dawn.jpg|center|frameless|upright=1.6|link=Ikiyaga cya Kivu|alt=Umuseke ku Ikiyaga cya Kivu]] <div style="text-align:center;font-size:0.95em;margin-top:0.5em">Umuseke ku [[Ikiyaga cya Kivu]]</div> | 3 = [[Dosiye:Golden monkey (Cercopithecus kandti) eating.jpg|center|frameless|upright=1.6|alt=Inkende y'izahabu (Cercopithecus kandti) irya]] <div style="text-align:center;font-size:0.95em;margin-top:0.5em">Inkende y'izahabu (''Cercopithecus kandti'') irya</div> | 4 = [[Dosiye:Mountain Sabyinyo.jpg|center|frameless|upright=1.6|link=Pariki y’Igihugu y’Ibirunga|alt=Ikirunga cya Sabyinyo muri Pariki y’Igihugu y’Ibirunga]] <div style="text-align:center;font-size:0.95em;margin-top:0.5em">Ikirunga cya Sabyinyo muri [[Pariki y’Igihugu y’Ibirunga]]</div> | 5 = [[Dosiye:Rough chameleon (Trioceros rudis).jpg|center|frameless|upright=1.6|link=Uruvu|alt=Uruvu (Trioceros rudis) rwo mu Rwanda]] <div style="text-align:center;font-size:0.95em;margin-top:0.5em">Uruvu (''Trioceros rudis'') rwo mu Rwanda</div> | 6 = [[Dosiye:Where tea meets primary rainforest in Nyungwe.jpg|center|frameless|upright=1.6|link=Pariki ya Nyungwe|alt=Aho imirima y'icyayi ihurira n'ishyamba rya Nyungwe]] <div style="text-align:center;font-size:0.95em;margin-top:0.5em">Aho imirima y'icyayi ihurira n'ishyamba rya [[Pariki ya Nyungwe|Nyungwe]]</div> | 7 = [[Dosiye:Mountain gorilla (Gorilla beringei beringei) yawn.jpg|center|frameless|upright=1.6|link=Ingagi zo mu birunga|alt=Ingagi yo mu birunga yasamye]] <div style="text-align:center;font-size:0.95em;margin-top:0.5em">Ingagi yo mu birunga yasamye</div> }} <div style="border-top:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle,#dadde3);margin-top:1em;padding-top:0.9em"> <div style="font-size:0.9em;font-weight:700;color:#20603D;margin-bottom:0.4em;text-align:center">🌺 Ibimera n'indabo byo mu Rwanda</div> {{Intangiriro/Ibimera|ishusho}} </div> </div> </div> </div> <!-- ==== WARI UZI KO + FASHA ==== --> <div style="display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:16px;margin:16px 0"> <div style="flex:1 1 440px;min-width:0;box-sizing:border-box;background:var(--background-color-base,#fff);color:var(--color-base,#202122);border:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle,#dadde3);border-top:4px solid #20603D;border-radius:12px;padding:0.4em 1.2em 1em;box-shadow:0 2px 6px rgba(0,0,0,0.06)"> <h2 style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:1.25em;font-weight:700;border-bottom:none;margin:0.5em 0 0.6em;padding:0;color:#20603D">💡 Wari uzi ko…</h2> {{#ifexpr: {{#expr: {{CURRENTWEEK}} mod 2 }} = 0 | * … ko '''[[Pariki ya Nyungwe]]''' ari ryo shyamba rinini risigaye mu Rwanda, rifite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 1 019? * … ko '''[[Umuganura]]''' wizihizwa ku wa Gatanu wa mbere w'ukwezi kwa Kanama? * … ko '''[[Pariki y’Igihugu y’Ibirunga]]''' irinda ibirunga bitanu by'urunigi rwa Virunga? * … ko '''[[Ikinyarwanda]]''' kivugwa no mu burasirazuba bwa [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]]? * … ko '''[[Ikirunga cya Karisimbi|Karisimbi]]''' ari cyo kirunga kirekire kurusha ibindi mu birunga bya Virunga, gifite metero 4 507? * … ko '''[[Ikinyarwanda]]''' gifitanye isano ya hafi n'[[Ikirundi]]? * … ko '''[[Ikiyaga cya Kivu]]''' kiri ku mupaka uhuza [[Rwanda|u Rwanda]] na [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]]? | * … ko kuva muri Nzeri 2023 '''[[Pariki ya Nyungwe|Nyungwe]]''' iri ku rutonde rw'Umurage w'Isi wa UNESCO? * … ko amazi y''''[[Ikiyaga cya Kivu]]''' asohoka mu ruzi rwa Ruzizi, akajya mu kiyaga cya Tanganyika? * … ko mu muzinga umwe w''''[[Uruyuki|inzuki]]''' hashobora kubamo ingabo zigera ku 1 500 zigaburirwa n'intazi? * … ko '''[[Ingagi zo mu birunga]]''' ziri mu bwoko bw'inyamaswa buri gucika cyane ku isi? * … ko '''[[Ikiyaga cya Muhazi]]''' ari ikiyaga kirekire giherereye mu burasirazuba bw'[[Rwanda|u Rwanda]]? * … ko '''[[Abamasayi]]''' batuye muri Kenya no mu majyaruguru ya Tanzaniya? * … ko uturere tw'u Rwanda dukora ku '''[[Ikiyaga cya Kivu]]''' ari Rubavu, Rusizi, Ngororero, Karongi na Nyamasheke? }} </div> <div style="flex:1 1 320px;min-width:0;box-sizing:border-box;background:var(--background-color-base,#fff);color:var(--color-base,#202122);border:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle,#dadde3);border-top:4px solid #7A4BB0;border-radius:12px;padding:0.4em 1.2em 1em;box-shadow:0 2px 6px rgba(0,0,0,0.06)"> <h2 style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:1.25em;font-weight:700;border-bottom:none;margin:0.5em 0 0.6em;padding:0;color:#7A4BB0">🤝 Fasha Wikipediya</h2> Wikipediya mu Kinyarwanda ikeneye abanditsi! Ushobora gutangira uyu munsi: <div style="display:flex;gap:10px;align-items:flex-start;margin:8px 0"><span style="flex:0 0 26px;height:26px;line-height:26px;text-align:center;border-radius:50%;background:#20603D;color:#fff;font-weight:700">1</span><div>[[Special:CreateAccount|Fungura konti]] ku buntu (si itegeko, ariko birafasha).</div></div> <div style="display:flex;gap:10px;align-items:flex-start;margin:8px 0"><span style="flex:0 0 26px;height:26px;line-height:26px;text-align:center;border-radius:50%;background:#20603D;color:#fff;font-weight:700">2</span><div>Kosora amakosa, wongere amakuru n'[[Ubufasha:Footnotes|inkomoko]] mu ngingo zisanzwe.</div></div> <div style="display:flex;gap:10px;align-items:flex-start;margin:8px 0"><span style="flex:0 0 26px;height:26px;line-height:26px;text-align:center;border-radius:50%;background:#20603D;color:#fff;font-weight:700">3</span><div>Hindura ingingo ziva mu zindi ndimi ukoresheje [[Special:ContentTranslation|igikoresho cyo guhindura]].</div></div> <div style="display:flex;gap:10px;align-items:flex-start;margin:8px 0"><span style="flex:0 0 26px;height:26px;line-height:26px;text-align:center;border-radius:50%;background:#20603D;color:#fff;font-weight:700">4</span><div>Kwitoza mbere: gerageza ku [[Wikipedia:About the sandbox|rupapuro rw'igerageza]].</div></div> <div style="margin-top:10px;font-size:0.92em">[[Wikipedia:Community Portal|Urubuga rw'abanditsi]] · [[Special:RecentChanges|Impinduka ziheruka]] · [[Special:WantedPages|Ingingo zikenewe]]</div> </div> </div> <!-- ==== INGINGO ZIKUNZWE ==== --> <div style="flex:1 1 100%;min-width:0;box-sizing:border-box;background:var(--background-color-base,#fff);color:var(--color-base,#202122);border:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle,#dadde3);border-top:4px solid #00A1DE;border-radius:12px;padding:0.4em 1.2em 1em;box-shadow:0 2px 6px rgba(0,0,0,0.06)"> <h2 style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:1.25em;font-weight:700;border-bottom:none;margin:0.5em 0 0.6em;padding:0;color:#00A1DE">⭐ Ingingo zasomye cyane</h2> <div style="line-height:2.1"><span style="display:inline-block;margin:2px 3px;padding:2px 12px;border-radius:999px;background:var(--background-color-progressive-subtle,#eaf3ff);border:1px solid var(--border-color-progressive--hover,#a3c4f5)">[[Rwanda]]</span> <span style="display:inline-block;margin:2px 3px;padding:2px 12px;border-radius:999px;background:var(--background-color-progressive-subtle,#eaf3ff);border:1px solid var(--border-color-progressive--hover,#a3c4f5)">[[Imirenge y’u Rwanda]]</span> <span style="display:inline-block;margin:2px 3px;padding:2px 12px;border-radius:999px;background:var(--background-color-progressive-subtle,#eaf3ff);border:1px solid var(--border-color-progressive--hover,#a3c4f5)">[[Burundi]]</span> <span style="display:inline-block;margin:2px 3px;padding:2px 12px;border-radius:999px;background:var(--background-color-progressive-subtle,#eaf3ff);border:1px solid var(--border-color-progressive--hover,#a3c4f5)">[[Nijeriya]]</span> <span style="display:inline-block;margin:2px 3px;padding:2px 12px;border-radius:999px;background:var(--background-color-progressive-subtle,#eaf3ff);border:1px solid var(--border-color-progressive--hover,#a3c4f5)">[[Afurika y’Epfo]]</span> <span style="display:inline-block;margin:2px 3px;padding:2px 12px;border-radius:999px;background:var(--background-color-progressive-subtle,#eaf3ff);border:1px solid var(--border-color-progressive--hover,#a3c4f5)">[[Pariki ya Nyungwe]]</span> <span style="display:inline-block;margin:2px 3px;padding:2px 12px;border-radius:999px;background:var(--background-color-progressive-subtle,#eaf3ff);border:1px solid var(--border-color-progressive--hover,#a3c4f5)">[[Pariki y’Igihugu y’Ibirunga]]</span> <span style="display:inline-block;margin:2px 3px;padding:2px 12px;border-radius:999px;background:var(--background-color-progressive-subtle,#eaf3ff);border:1px solid var(--border-color-progressive--hover,#a3c4f5)">[[Ikiyaga cya Kivu]]</span> <span style="display:inline-block;margin:2px 3px;padding:2px 12px;border-radius:999px;background:var(--background-color-progressive-subtle,#eaf3ff);border:1px solid var(--border-color-progressive--hover,#a3c4f5)">[[Ingagi zo mu birunga]]</span> <span style="display:inline-block;margin:2px 3px;padding:2px 12px;border-radius:999px;background:var(--background-color-progressive-subtle,#eaf3ff);border:1px solid var(--border-color-progressive--hover,#a3c4f5)">[[Ikawa]]</span> <span style="display:inline-block;margin:2px 3px;padding:2px 12px;border-radius:999px;background:var(--background-color-progressive-subtle,#eaf3ff);border:1px solid var(--border-color-progressive--hover,#a3c4f5)">[[Ikinyarwanda]]</span> <span style="display:inline-block;margin:2px 3px;padding:2px 12px;border-radius:999px;background:var(--background-color-progressive-subtle,#eaf3ff);border:1px solid var(--border-color-progressive--hover,#a3c4f5)">[[Ikirundi]]</span> <span style="display:inline-block;margin:2px 3px;padding:2px 12px;border-radius:999px;background:var(--background-color-progressive-subtle,#eaf3ff);border:1px solid var(--border-color-progressive--hover,#a3c4f5)">[[Imigani migufi y’Ikinyarwanda]]</span> <span style="display:inline-block;margin:2px 3px;padding:2px 12px;border-radius:999px;background:var(--background-color-progressive-subtle,#eaf3ff);border:1px solid var(--border-color-progressive--hover,#a3c4f5)">[[Fred Rwigema]]</span> <span style="display:inline-block;margin:2px 3px;padding:2px 12px;border-radius:999px;background:var(--background-color-progressive-subtle,#eaf3ff);border:1px solid var(--border-color-progressive--hover,#a3c4f5)">[[Imihindagurikire y’ibihe]]</span> <span style="display:inline-block;margin:2px 3px;padding:2px 12px;border-radius:999px;background:var(--background-color-progressive-subtle,#eaf3ff);border:1px solid var(--border-color-progressive--hover,#a3c4f5)">[[SIDA]]</span> <span style="display:inline-block;margin:2px 3px;padding:2px 12px;border-radius:999px;background:var(--background-color-progressive-subtle,#eaf3ff);border:1px solid var(--border-color-progressive--hover,#a3c4f5)">[[Ubukirisitu]]</span> <span style="display:inline-block;margin:2px 3px;padding:2px 12px;border-radius:999px;background:var(--background-color-progressive-subtle,#eaf3ff);border:1px solid var(--border-color-progressive--hover,#a3c4f5)">[[Islamu]]</span></div> </div> <!-- ==== INGINGO ZIHERUTSE ==== --> <div style="flex:1 1 100%;min-width:0;box-sizing:border-box;background:var(--background-color-base,#fff);color:var(--color-base,#202122);border:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle,#dadde3);border-top:4px solid #3366CC;border-radius:12px;padding:0.4em 1.2em 1em;box-shadow:0 2px 6px rgba(0,0,0,0.06)"> <h2 style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:1.25em;font-weight:700;border-bottom:none;margin:0.5em 0 0.6em;padding:0;color:#3366CC">✨ Ingingo ziherutse <span class="plainlinks" style="font-size:0.7em;font-weight:normal">([{{fullurl:Intangiriro|action=purge}} <span style="color:#C99700;font-weight:600">⟳ Vugurura</span>])</span></h2> <templatestyles src="Inyandikorugero:Ingingo ziherutse/styles.css" /><div class="ingingo-ziherutse" style="max-height:11em;overflow-y:auto;column-width:18em;column-gap:2em;column-rule:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle,#dadde3);font-size:0.9em;line-height:1.5"> {{Special:NewPages|limit=30|namespace=0|hideredirs=1}} </div> <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Special:NewPages|Reba izindi ngingo ziherutse →]]</div> </div> <!-- ==== IMISHINGA YA WIKIMEDIA ==== --> <div style="flex:1 1 100%;min-width:0;box-sizing:border-box;background:var(--background-color-base,#fff);color:var(--color-base,#202122);border:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle,#dadde3);border-top:4px solid #72777d;border-radius:12px;padding:0.4em 1.2em 1em;box-shadow:0 2px 6px rgba(0,0,0,0.06);margin-top:16px"> <h2 style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:1.25em;font-weight:700;border-bottom:none;margin:0.5em 0 0.6em;padding:0;color:#54595d">🌐 Imishinga ifitanye isano na Wikipediya</h2> Wikipediya icungwa na [[Wikimedia Foundation|Fondasiyo ya Wikimediya]], umuryango udaharanira inyungu unacunga n'indi mishinga y'ubuntu: <div style="display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:4px 12px;margin-top:8px"> <div style="flex:1 1 210px;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;padding:6px 4px">[[Dosiye:Commons-logo.svg|36px|link=commons:|alt=Commons]]<div>'''[[commons:|Commons]]'''<br /><span style="font-size:0.88em;color:var(--color-subtle,#54595d)">Amafoto n’amajwi by’ubuntu</span></div></div> <div style="flex:1 1 210px;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;padding:6px 4px">[[Dosiye:Wikidata-logo.svg|36px|link=d:|alt=Wikidata]]<div>'''[[d:|Wikidata]]'''<br /><span style="font-size:0.88em;color:var(--color-subtle,#54595d)">Ububiko bw’amakuru</span></div></div> <div style="flex:1 1 210px;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;padding:6px 4px">[[Dosiye:Wiktionary-logo.svg|36px|link=wikt:|alt=Wiktionary]]<div>'''[[wikt:|Wiktionary]]'''<br /><span style="font-size:0.88em;color:var(--color-subtle,#54595d)">Inkoranyamagambo</span></div></div> <div style="flex:1 1 210px;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;padding:6px 4px">[[Dosiye:Wikiquote-logo.svg|36px|link=q:|alt=Wikiquote]]<div>'''[[q:|Wikiquote]]'''<br /><span style="font-size:0.88em;color:var(--color-subtle,#54595d)">Amagambo yavuzwe</span></div></div> <div style="flex:1 1 210px;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;padding:6px 4px">[[Dosiye:Wikibooks-logo.svg|36px|link=b:|alt=Wikibooks]]<div>'''[[b:|Wikibooks]]'''<br /><span style="font-size:0.88em;color:var(--color-subtle,#54595d)">Ibitabo by’ubuntu</span></div></div> <div style="flex:1 1 210px;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;padding:6px 4px">[[Dosiye:Wikisource-logo.svg|36px|link=s:|alt=Wikisource]]<div>'''[[s:|Wikisource]]'''<br /><span style="font-size:0.88em;color:var(--color-subtle,#54595d)">Inyandiko z’umwimerere</span></div></div> <div style="flex:1 1 210px;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;padding:6px 4px">[[Dosiye:Wikispecies-logo.svg|36px|link=species:|alt=Wikispecies]]<div>'''[[species:|Wikispecies]]'''<br /><span style="font-size:0.88em;color:var(--color-subtle,#54595d)">Ubwoko bw’ibinyabuzima</span></div></div> <div style="flex:1 1 210px;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;padding:6px 4px">[[Dosiye:Wikiversity logo 2017.svg|36px|link=v:|alt=Wikiversity]]<div>'''[[v:|Wikiversity]]'''<br /><span style="font-size:0.88em;color:var(--color-subtle,#54595d)">Kwiga ku buntu</span></div></div> <div style="flex:1 1 210px;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;padding:6px 4px">[[Dosiye:Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg|36px|link=voy:|alt=Wikivoyage]]<div>'''[[voy:|Wikivoyage]]'''<br /><span style="font-size:0.88em;color:var(--color-subtle,#54595d)">Ubuyobozi bw’ingendo</span></div></div> <div style="flex:1 1 210px;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;padding:6px 4px">[[Dosiye:Wikinews-logo.svg|36px|link=n:|alt=Wikinews]]<div>'''[[n:|Wikinews]]'''<br /><span style="font-size:0.88em;color:var(--color-subtle,#54595d)">Amakuru y’ubuntu</span></div></div> <div style="flex:1 1 210px;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;padding:6px 4px">[[Dosiye:Wikimedia Community Logo.svg|36px|link=m:|alt=Meta-Wiki]]<div>'''[[m:|Meta-Wiki]]'''<br /><span style="font-size:0.88em;color:var(--color-subtle,#54595d)">Guhuza imishinga</span></div></div> <div style="flex:1 1 210px;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;padding:6px 4px">[[Dosiye:MediaWiki-2020-icon.svg|36px|link=mw:|alt=MediaWiki]]<div>'''[[mw:|MediaWiki]]'''<br /><span style="font-size:0.88em;color:var(--color-subtle,#54595d)">Porogaramu ya wiki</span></div></div> </div> </div> <!-- ==== MU ZINDI NDIMI ==== --> <div style="text-align:center;margin:18px 0 6px;font-size:0.95em;color:var(--color-subtle,#54595d)">'''Wikipediya mu zindi ndimi:'''<br />[[:rn:|Ikirundi]] · [[:sw:|Igiswahili]] · [[:lg:|Luganda]] · [[:ln:|Lingala]] · [[:af:|Icyafurikansi]] · [[:ha:|Igihawusa]] · [[:ig:|Icyigibo]] · [[:wo:|Ikiwolofu]] · [[:ar:|Icyarabu]]<br />[[:fr:|Igifaransa]] · [[:en:|Icyongereza]] · [[:de:|Ikidage]] · [[:es:|Icyesipanyolo]] · [[:nl:|Igiholandi]]</div> 1dk8dy3gcrmhmb8rv4vp2k53z4mreut 0 9006 148659 143763 2026-11-03T13:06:27Z Score Beethoven 11559 148659 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox umurenge}} '''Umurenge wa Murundi''' ni umwe mu [[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|mirenge]] 12 igize [[Akarere ka Kayonza]], mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba|Ntara y'Iburasirazuba]] y’u [[Rwanda]]. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, Umurenge wa Murundi wari utuwe n’abaturage 57 809. Igice cy’iburasirazuba cy’umurenge kiri muri [[Pariki y'Akagera]]. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → [[Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Uturere]] → Imirenge → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Ubumenyi bw’isi == [[Dosiye:Kayonza district map.jpg|thumb|left|Ikarita y’Akarere ka Kayonza]] Umurenge wa Murundi ufite ubuso bwa km² 491.<ref name="cp">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/kayonza/5406__murundi/ |title=Murundi (Sector, Rwanda) – Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Ugizwe n’utugari tune: Buhabwa, Karambi, Murundi na Ryamanyoni.<ref name="nisr">{{Cite web |url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kayonza_district_map.jpg |title=Kayonza District (ikarita) |publisher=National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda |date=2017-10-16 |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Uhana imbibi n’[[Akarere ka Gatsibo]] mu majyaruguru no mu burengerazuba. Uhana imbibi n’[[Umurenge wa Mwiri]] mu majyepfo y’iburasirazuba. Uhana imbibi n’[[Umurenge wa Gahini]] mu majyepfo. Uhana imbibi n’Umurenge wa Rukara mu majyepfo y’iburengerazuba. Igice cy’iburasirazuba cy’umurenge kiri muri Pariki y’Akagera.<ref name="nisr"/> == Abaturage == Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2012, Umurenge wa Murundi wari utuwe n’abaturage 35 742. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, wari utuwe n’abaturage 57 809. Abagabo bari 28 357. Abagore bari 29 452.<ref name="cp"/> == Ubukungu == [[Dosiye:Cow monument.jpg|thumb|left|Ikibumbano cy’inka mu Karere ka Kayonza]] Igishanga cya Gacaca kiri mu Murenge wa Murundi. Gifite uburebure bwa km 26, kuva mu Kagari ka Ryamanyoni kugeza mu Kagari ka Karambi. Muri icyo gishanga hahingwa [[Umuceli|umuceri]]. Koperative Duterimbere Murundi yashinzwe mu 2013. Ifite abanyamuryango 1 914. Bahinga umuceri kuri hegitari zigera kuri 330. Igishanga gifite ikigega kimwe cy’amazi. Abahinzi basaba ko hubakwa ikindi kigega, kubera imyuzure n’ibura ry’amazi.<ref name="ap">{{Cite web |url=https://www.africa-press.net/rwanda/?p=121518 |title=Kayonza farmers demand second reservoir after flood losses |website=Africa Press |date=2026-04-06 |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Murundi Sector|Amafoto y’Umurenge wa Murundi]] kuri Wikimedia Commons {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Kayonza}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Kayonza|Murundi]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Murundi]] 6cpxmcil83v5wkxyltumw8ey8jxmz9y 0 9175 148772 145083 2026-11-03T15:44:18Z Score Beethoven 11559 148772 wikitext text/x-wiki Uwimpaye Yvette ni rwiyemezamirimo w'umunyarwandakazi, yavutse mu mwaka wa 1989.<ref name=":0">https://venturesafrica.com/29-year-old-uwimpaye-yvette-has-made-grocery-shopping-easier-and-faster-in-rwanda/</ref> Akaba yarashinze ndetse akaba ari nawe muyobozi mukuru w'isoko rikorera kuri murandasi ryitwa MURUKALI ONLINE SHOP yayishinze mu mwaka wa 2015.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://africabusinesscommunities.com/tech/tech-features/startup-interview-yvette-uwimpaye-ceo-murukali-rwanda/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-09-22 |archive-date=2021-08-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210827044227/https://africabusinesscommunities.com/tech/tech-features/startup-interview-yvette-uwimpaye-ceo-murukali-rwanda/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://murukali.com/blogs/best-selling-of-the-year-2019/startup-interview-yvette-uwimpaye-ceo-murukali-rwanda</ref> = Uburezi = Uwimpaye yabonye impamyabumenyi y'icyiciro cya kabiri cya kaminuza mu ishami ry'ubukungu, ayikuye muri [[Kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda|Kaminuza nkuru y'u Rwanda]]. = Ubucuruzi n'ikoranabuhanga = [[Dosiye:University of Rwanda headquarters.jpg|thumb|Kaminuza y'Urwanda Uwimpaye Yvette yizemo]] Mu kwezi kwa Ugushyingo mu mwaka wa 2015, mu gihe Uwimpaye yari ari ku kiriri amaze kubyara yashatse guhaha imbuto n'imboga abikoreye ku ikoranabuhanga abura uburyo yakifashisha. Aha niho yakuye igitekerezo cyabaye igisubizo gifasha abanyarwanda ndetse n'abanyamahanga, ubwo yatangizaga urubuga rwo guhahiraho kuri murandasi rwitwa "Murukali" aho babasha guhaha batavuye aho bari.<ref name=":0" /><ref>https://igihe.com/ubukungu/ubucuruzi/article/kigali-mu-bitabira-guhahira-kuri-internet-80-ni-abagore-bibanda-ku-bitekwa</ref> = Ibihembo n'amashimwe = Uwimpaye ni umwe muri barwiyemezamirimo umunani batsindiye amafaranga binyuze mu kigo cy'imari cyitwa [[Banki ya Kigali]] (BK), ibinyujije mu mushinga wayo witwa Urumuri ugamije guteza imbere kwihangira imirimo, akaba yaratsindiye inguzanyo yishyurwa nta nyungu ihwanye n'amafaranga miliyoni 60 z'[[amafaranga y'u Rwanda]] mu mwaka wa 2017.<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Abagore]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore mu bucuruzi]] [[Ikiciro:Abanyarwandakazi bari muri business]] 41mcy8ul1i6k0eo997qqu6eo9sxv810 0 9199 148788 148310 2026-11-03T15:45:03Z Score Beethoven 11559 148788 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Vanessa Uwase.jpg|thumb|Miss Uwase Vanessa|390x390px]] [[Dosiye:Hermajesty vanessa.jpg|thumb|Miss Rwanda Vanessa Uwase]] Vanessa Raissa Uwase n'umukobwa w'umushoramari ufite iduka rikomeye mu Rwanda ritwa Hermajesty Vanessa ricuruza ibikoresho byongera ubwiza mu [[Kigali|mujyi wa kigali]] bimwe bakunda kwita cosmetics.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://hermajestyvanessa.com/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-10-25 |archive-date=2021-10-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211025160633/https://hermajestyvanessa.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amateka == Yavutse tariki 5 zukwa 1992, avukira i kigali mu murwa mukuru w' U Rwanda. Mu mwaka wa 2015 Vanessa yagiye mu bakobwa bahatanira i kamba rya miss [[Rwanda]]. Muri aya marushanywa akaba yarabaye igisonga cya mbere cya miss Rwanda muri [[Nyampinga w'u Rwanda|2015]]. Vanessa ntago yagiye mu marushanywa y' ubwiza gusa ahubwo yabayeho n'umunyamakuru <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/miss-uwase-vanessa-wasezeye-kuri-radio-yakozeho-amezi-atatu-yasubiye-mu |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-10-25 |archive-date=2021-10-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211025160808/https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/miss-uwase-vanessa-wasezeye-kuri-radio-yakozeho-amezi-atatu-yasubiye-mu |url-status=dead }}</ref>. == Muri Bucuruzi == Umunyamideri ukunzwe cyane ndetse ku kazina ka miss Vanessa yakunze kugaragara cya mu bucuruzu butandukanye, ndetse benshi bahamya ko uyu mukobwa anabushoboye. yabanje gufungura akabari gacuruza inzoga na resitora( Bar& Resto)<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5P2nFryQLig</ref>, yakoze ibiganira bigendage no guteka muburyo buri professional ku mbuga nkoranya mbaga harimo na youtube ndetse ubu asigaye akora ibikoresho byongera ubwiza ndetse bigatuma abadamu bagira uruhu rwiza. === 1. Akabari gacuruza inzoga na resitora. === Mu mwaka wa 2019 nibwa miss Vanessa yafunguye akabari ndetse gafite na resitora kazwi kwizina rya V house cyatangiye ari V cofee mu mugi wa kigali i [[gikondo]], Vanessa atangira uyu mushinga yavuze ko yafashe icyemezo cyo gutangira kwicururiza mu rwego rwo kwihangira imirimo nk'umunyarwandakazi ushaka imbere he heza. byatangiye ari V cofee shop nyuma biza kwaguka biba V house, akaba yaraje no gushyiraho akarusho kuko ibicuruzwa bye byageraga kubantu bose muri kigali biciye muri Jumia food.<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/88322/video-miss-vanessa-winjiye-mu-bucuruzi-afungura-barresto-yatuganirije-ku-buzima-bwe-nibyum-88322.html</ref> === 2. Ibiganiro bigendanye no guteka. === Muri 2020 igihe isi yose yarimo ihangana nicyorezo cya korona virus, miss Vanessa ntago yicaye ahubwo yatangiye ibiganiro byo kwigisha bantu guteka binyuze kuri youtube mugihe cya guma murugo<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wPNd1Le3ddU</ref>. Uyu mukobwa kandi akaba azwiho gukunda no kumenya guteka cyane bikaba ari kimwe mubyatumye abikora nkumushinga.<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hS9-qoqA1Fg</ref> === 3. Ibikoresho byongera ubwiza === Muri 2021 nibwo miss Vanessa yazanye agashya ko gushyira ibikoresho byongera ubwiza hanze, we ubwe ndetse nabakoresheje ibyo bikoresho bavuga ko ari qualite yambere ndetse ko bifasha cyane abantu bahuye nibibazo byuruhu mubuzima bwabo. Mu bikoresho bya miss Vanessa harimo puderi zo kwisiga mumaso, ibyo kwisiga ku munywa ndetse niibyo kwisiga ku maso<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://hermajestyvanessa.com/product-category/makeup/face-makeup/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-10-25 |archive-date=2021-10-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211025160951/https://hermajestyvanessa.com/product-category/makeup/face-makeup/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>. Sibyo gusa ahubwo Miss Vanessa afite nibindi bikoresho bigendanye n'amaherena, udushene two mwijosi ndetse n' amasaha ndetse n'impeta<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://hermajestyvanessa.com/product-category/accessories/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-10-25 |archive-date=2021-10-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211025160802/https://hermajestyvanessa.com/product-category/accessories/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>. == Ibindi wareba == .https://www.celebsagewiki.com/vanessa-raissa-uwase .https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M8ZbHVwGmlk [[Dosiye:Vanessa Raissa Uwase.jpg|thumb|Vanessa Raissa Uwase]] == Amashakiro == [[Category:Abagore]] {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ubucuruzi]] [[Ikiciro:Ubwiza]] 1u7du5ohsi5u11qorkdndr6oslalwti 0 9216 148777 145202 2026-11-03T15:44:28Z Score Beethoven 11559 148777 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Flag map of Burundi (1966–1967).svg|thumb|157x157px|Atome yavukiye mu gihugu cy'u Burundi]] '''Ntarindwa Diogene''' ni umunyarwenya uzwi ku izina nka Atome cg Gasumuni, yavukiye mu gihugu cy'u [[Burundi]] mu 1977<ref>http://africultures.com/personnes/?no=5587</ref>, '''Atome''' wamenyekanye mu gukina byendagusetsa, ni Umwanditsi n'umukinnyi wa filimi, ikinamico na comedy<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/80765</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/yabimburiye-abato-mu-nzira-y-inzitane-ibaruwa-ya-ntarindwa-diogene-atome-kuri |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-11 |archive-date=2021-11-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211111131223/http://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/yabimburiye-abato-mu-nzira-y-inzitane-ibaruwa-ya-ntarindwa-diogene-atome-kuri |url-status=dead }}</ref>. yamenyekanye mu ikinamico nka '''Gasumuni'''<ref>https://www.jeuneafrique.com/202488/culture/diog-ne-ntarindwa/</ref><ref>https://www.theatre-contemporain.net/biographies/Diogene-Ntarindwa</ref>. {{Infobox person | name = Diogene Ntarindwa | native_name_lang = Kinyarwanda | other_names = Gasumuni Atome | birth_date = 1977 | birth_place = Burundi | nationality = Rwandan | occupation = Umunyarwenya ukina filimi | website = https://www.google.com/search?kgmid=/g/11dymf_x1q }} == Amateka ye == [[Dosiye:Université nationale du Rwanda à Butare.JPG|thumb|Ikinamico Atome yarikoze cyane yiga muri Kaminuza y'u Rwanda ]] Atome yatangiye gukina ikinamico muri 1994, yabikoze cyane yiga muri kaminuza y'u [[Rwanda]] mu iishami ry'amategeko muri 1996<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/86347/ntarindwa-diogene-uzwi-nka-atome-yagiye-mu-butaliyani-aho-agiye-gukinira-umukino-bise-hate-86347.html</ref>. muri 2002 yagiye gukomeza amasomo i Liege mu [[Ububiligi]] ibijyanye na Art Dramatique naho akomeza gukina aho yagaragaye mu ma kinamico arimo Koulsy Lamko, Corpx et voix, Paroles rhizome<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imyidagaduro/sinema/article/umubyeyi-wa-gasumuni-azashyingurwa-ku-wa-gatandatu</ref><ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/57688/byinshi-utari-uzi-kuri-ntarindwa-diogene-wamenyekanye-mu-gusetsa-ku-izina-rya-atome-gasumuni--57688.html</ref>. muri 2008 yagarutse mu [[Rwanda]] agaragara cyane akina asetsa muri forum yari yateguwe n'Imbuto Foundation Rwanda<ref>https://mediatheques-ifbf.org/index.php?lvl=author_see&id=19885</ref><ref>https://www.bunker.si/en/events/diogene-ntarindwa-atome-interview-conversation/</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imyidagaduro/ibirori/article/gasumuni-agiye-kubagorora-imbavu-yigana-miss-igisabo</ref>. == Atome mu gisirikare == Atome mu rugamba rwo kubohora igihugu 1994 yarimo nk'umusirikare, avuga ko yakigiyemo akiri umusore muto niyompamvu urugamba rurangiye yagiye gukomeza amashuri.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ulk.ac.rw/news/monsieur-madame-theatre-troupe-performs-ulk-kigali/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-11 |archive-date=2021-07-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210724013141/https://www.ulk.ac.rw/news/monsieur-madame-theatre-troupe-performs-ulk-kigali/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.crew-united.com/en/Diogene-Ntarindwa_482716.html</ref> == Ibitaramo yakoze == * Kwirekura Commedy == references == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Ntarindwa, Diogene}} [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] fgx5udjx3df2axcseiolrd0rtpkvzfs 0 9398 148792 144489 2026-11-03T15:45:11Z Score Beethoven 11559 148792 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Valentine Rugwabiza | image = Valentine Rugwabiza, Deputy Director General of the World Trade Organisation (WTO).jpg | image_size = | caption = in 2011 as Deputy Director General of the World Trade Organisation | birth_date = {{Birth year and age|1963}} | birth_place = [[Rwanda]] | death_date = | death_place = | alma_mater = [[National University of Zaire]] | occupation = [[Economist]], [[Businesswoman]] | years_active = 1989 — present | nationality = Rwandan | ethnicity = | citizenship = Rwandan | known_for = Business, management | networth = | home_town = | title = Rwanda's Permanent Representative<br/>[[United Nations]] | spouse =<small>John Paulin Sendanyoye</small> | religion = }} [[Dosiye:Valentine Rugwabiza Deputy Director General of the World Trade Organisation at Ministerial Conference 2011.jpg|thumb|Valentine Rugwabiza]] == RUGWABIZA Valentine == RUGWABIZA Valentine wavutse kuya 25 Nyakanga 1963 ni umunyarwandakazi akaba n' umunyapolitike uhagarariye u ''[[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]] ''mu muryango wabibumbye kuva mu mwaka wa 2016. == Ibyo yakoze == Rugwabiza Valentine kuva mu mwaka wa 2005 kugeza muri 2015 yabaye umuyobozi mukuru wungirije w'umuryango w'ubucuruzi ku Isi<ref>https://www.un.org/africarenewal/magazine/april-2021/rwanda-un-vaccine-equity-inclusion-peace-and-gender-equality-top-our-priorities</ref>. mbere yaho gato yabaye uhagarariye u ''[[Rwanda]] ''uhoraho muri [[ONU|Loni]] i [[Ubusuwisi|Geneve]] na Ambasaderi udasanzwe mu [[Ubusuwisi|Busuwis]]<nowiki/>i. mugihe yari Ambasaderi yabaye umuhuza bikorwa w 'itsinda nyafurika ry'amasaderi muri<ref>https://africanscholars.yale.edu/people/hon-valentine-rugwabiza</ref> (WTO). kandi yari umwe mubagize<ref>https://www.oecd.org/dac/aft/Session%207%20-%20Valentine%20Rugwabiza.pdf</ref> akanama ku ubukungu nimibereho myiza mubiro bya Perezida wu [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]] i '' '''[[Kigali]] ''''' == Umwihariko == Ambasaderi Rugwabiza Valentine ni umunyamuryango washinze ihuriro ry'abikorera kugiti cyabo mu [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]] ishyirahamwe ry'abagore ba Rwiyemezamirimo bo mu Rwanda<ref>https://africanscholars.yale.edu/people/hon-valentine-rugwabiza</ref> hamwe n'abagore babayobozi bo mu [[Rwanda]]. Ambasaderi Rugwabiza yabaye umwe mubagize Inama y'ubuyobozi muri [[Kaminuza y'u Rwanda|Kaminuza]]<ref>https://www.concordia.net/community/ambassador-valentine-rugwabiza/</ref> y'umuryango w' abibumbye ishinzwe Amahoro. Rugwabiza amaze imyaka irenga mirongo itatu akora kubibazo by'iterambere ry'Africa ndetse ni isi yose haba mu bigo no munzego za Leta.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://unitar.org/about/unitar/governance/board-trustees/valentine-rugwabiza |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-11 |archive-date=2021-11-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211111110328/https://unitar.org/about/unitar/governance/board-trustees/valentine-rugwabiza |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashuri yize naho yize == Afite impamya bumenyi yikiciro cyakabiri cya Kaminuza (Bacholor's) na Masters mu bukungu yakuye muri [[:en:National_University_of_Zaire|Kaminuza Nkuru ya Zaire]] == Indi mirimo ye == ubwo ingabo zumuryango wabibumbye za [[Repubulika ya Santara Afurika|Repubulika iharanira demokarasi ya Centre Africa]] Minusca zateranaga zikemera guhindura <ref>https://www.rfi.fr/fr/afrique/20220219-onu-la-rwandaise-valentine-rugwabiza-en-lice-pour-diriger-la-minusca</ref> umuyobozi mugihe kitarenze ukwezi nibwo umuyobozi wa [[Umuryango w’Abibumye|ONU]] Antonio Gutteres yatangaga umu candita we ugomba gusimbura uwitwa Mankeur Ndiaye uzarangiza manda ye 28 Gashyantare 2022 atangaza ko yifuza ko yasimburwa na [[Valentine Rugwabiza]] uhasanzwe ahagarariye U Rwanda muri ONU hari ku kabiri tariki 22 gashyantare ubwo imyanzuro yakanama nkemura mpaka<ref>https://www.securitycouncilreport.org/whatsinblue/2022/02/central-african-republic-briefing-and-consultations-8.php</ref> yabyemezaga. == Inshingano == kuwa 23 Gashyantare 2022 nibwo Rugwabiza Sendanyoye Vlentine yagizwe umuyobozi wa [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo|MINUSCA]] asimbuye Mnkeur Ndiaye warangije manda te muri gashyantare 28 mumwaka wa 2022 ku itariki 18Mata nibwo Valentine yakiriwe muburyo bw'icyubahiro ningabo ziri mubutumwa bwo kugarura amahoro muri centrafrica MINUSCA<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/valentine-rugwabiza-yatangiye-imirimo-muri-minusca |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-03 |archive-date=2022-05-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220503163940/https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/valentine-rugwabiza-yatangiye-imirimo-muri-minusca |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ambasaderi Valentine Sendanyoye Rugwabiza yashakanye na Paulin Sendanyoye {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Rugwabiza, Valentine}} 6zs302bkvkqrt4n0rmlsk41nso1amxt 0 9437 148708 146260 2026-11-03T13:08:35Z NSHUTIYIMANA Moise 17987 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 148708 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Congo-Brazzaville-Congo-Kinshasa.png|thumb|sebastien yavukiye muri congo ]] '''Sébastien Kamba''' (wavutse ku ya 25 Ukuboza 1941), niUmukinnyi wa firime [[Kongo|muri Kongo]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://iffr.com/en/persons/s%C3%A9bastien-kamba |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-15 |archive-date=2021-11-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211115113839/https://iffr.com/en/persons/s%C3%A9bastien-kamba |url-status=dead }}</ref> . Umwe mu bakora amafilime yambere mu nganda za firime zo muri [[congo]], yayoboye filime ngufi ku bufatanye n’abakora amafilime y’Abafaransa<ref>https://peoplepill.com/people/sebastien-kamba</ref>. == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse ku ya 25 Ukuboza 1941 i [[Brazzaville]], muri [[Kongo|Repubulika ya Kongo]]<ref>https://ifcinema.institutfrancais.com/en/search?q_text=S%C3%A9bastien%20Kamba</ref> . == Umwuga == Yimukiye mu [[Bufaransa]], yiga mu biro bishinzwe ubufatanye bwa Radiofonique<ref>https://www.editions-harmattan.fr/livre-production_cinematographique_et_parti_unique_l_exemple_du_congo_sebastien_kamba-9782738412584-2558.html</ref> . Nyuma yaje kwimenyereza umwuga kuri tereviziyo i [[Paris]] ndetse anaba umwarimu<ref>http://worldcat.org/identities/lccn-no92026173</ref>. Mu 1964, Kamba yakoze filime yambere yimpimbano ya [[Congo Brazzaville|congo]], film ngufi ya politiki ''Le Peuple du Congo-Léo vaincra'' <ref>https://mubi.com/cast/sebastien-kamba</ref>. Yakozwe ku bufatanye n’itangazamakuru rya tereviziyo.<ref>https://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/sebastien-kamba/credits/3030431460/</ref> Mu 1966, yakoze ''Kaka yo nayo ngufi'' hanyuma ''Mwana keba'' muri 1970.<ref>https://www.torinofilmfest.org/en/16-torino-film-festival/film/kaka-yo---rien-que-toi/1311/</ref> Mu 1973, Kamba yayoboye filime ya mbere yagaragaye muri Repubulika ya [[Kongo]]: ''Al Rançon d'une alliance''<ref>https://www.decitre.fr/auteur/418922/Sebastien+Kamba</ref>, yakuwe mu gitabo cyitwa 'La légende de Mfoumou Ma Mazono' cyanditswe na Jean Malonga.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.centreculturelzola.com/comit%C3%A9-artistique/sebastien-kamba |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-15 |archive-date=2021-11-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211115113845/https://www.centreculturelzola.com/comit%C3%A9-artistique/sebastien-kamba |url-status=dead }}</ref> Mu 1992, yasohoye [[igitabo]] ''Cinématographique et Parti Unique'' (Cinematographic Production and Unique Party. Urugero rwa Kongo).<ref>https://mediatheques-congo.org/index.php?lvl=author_see&id=8021</ref> Ku ya 1 Gashyantare 2019, i Brazzaville habereye igikombe cya mbere cy’ibikombe bya sinema muri [[Congo]] cyiswe "Les Kamba's Awards" mu rwego rwo guha icyubahiro Kamba.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20211115113840/https://mediatheques-niger.org/index.php?lvl=author_see&id=80931</ref> == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role !Genre |- |1964 |''Le Peuple du Congo-Léo vaincra'' (The People of Congo-Léo will win) |Director |Short film |- |1966 |''Kaka Yo'' (Nothing But You) |Director, cinematographer, screenwriter |Short film |- |1970 |''Mwana Keba'' |Director |Short film |- |1970 |''Festival panafricain d'Alger'' (Panafrican Festival of Algiers) |Director |Documentary |- |1974 |''[[:en:La_Rançon_d'une_alliance|La Rançon d'une alliance]]'' (The Ransom of an Alliance) |Director |Feature film |- |1977 |''Le corps et l'esprit''(The Body and The Spirit) |Director |Film |- |1985 |''Cop's Honour'' |Administrative assistant |Film |} ==  references == == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] 8xbdpduq23p8m4c3h1oho5cm9fmx9ut 0 9498 148889 147196 2026-11-04T11:45:11Z Baraka official 17008 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 148889 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Eddy Munyaneza''' (yavutse 24 Ukwakira 1981) ni Umukinnyi wa firime mu [[Uburundi|Burundi]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://artistsatriskconnection.org/story/eddy-munyaneza |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-20 |archive-date=2021-10-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211020003940/https://artistsatriskconnection.org/story/eddy-munyaneza |url-status=dead }}</ref> . ''Munyaneza ufatwa nk'umwe mu bakora amafilime akomeye'' mu [[Burundi]], azwi cyane nk'umuyobozi wa documentaire zizwi cyane ''Le troisième vide'' na Lendemains. Usibye gukora firime, ni umwanditsi, producer n'umwanditsi<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.film-documentaire.fr/4DACTION/w_fiche_film/51733_1 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-20 |archive-date=2021-11-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211120072651/http://www.film-documentaire.fr/4DACTION/w_fiche_film/51733_1 |url-status=dead }}</ref>. == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse ku ya 24 Ukwakira 1981 mu mudugudu muto wegereye umujyi wa Gitega mu [[Uburundi|Burundi]] <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://neonrouge.com/fr/eddy-munyaneza |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-20 |archive-date=2021-10-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211028043646/https://neonrouge.com/fr/eddy-munyaneza |url-status=dead }}</ref>. Yarangije amashuri mu 2002. Nyuma yaje kurangiza icyiciro cya gatatu cya kaminuza muri sinema i Saint-Louis, muri [[Senegali]].<ref>https://www.indexoncensorship.org/2018/12/artist-in-exile-eddy-munyaneza-driven-to-become-the-man-behind-the-camera/</ref> == Umwuga == Mu 2004 yabonye amahirwe yo gukorana na sosiyete yitwa 'Menya Média' aho yatoje ibijyanye no gutunganya amajwi n'amashusho. Muri 2009, yitabiriye nk'umukanishi muri filime ngufi ''Na Wewe'', iyobowe na Ivan Goldschmidt. Iyi filime yaje gutorwa muri Oscars mu 2011. Mu mwaka wa 2010, yasohoye filime ye ya mbere yerekana ''amateka ya Histoire d'une haine manquée'' <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.afrique.fr/culturel/burundi-l%E2%80%99-histoire-d%E2%80%99une-haine-manquee-selon-eddy-munyaneza/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-20 |archive-date=2021-11-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211120072651/https://www.afrique.fr/culturel/burundi-l%E2%80%99-histoire-d%E2%80%99une-haine-manquee-selon-eddy-munyaneza/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>. Iyi documentaire ivuga inkuru yukuntu barumuna be [[Abatutsi|batutsi]] na we ubwe yakijijwe nabaturanyi babo b'Abahutu mugihe cya jenoside yo mu Burundi mu 1993 <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.africanfilmdatabase.com/films/show/461 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-20 |archive-date=2021-11-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211120072656/https://www.africanfilmdatabase.com/films/show/461 |url-status=dead }}</ref>. Filime yatsindiye ibihembo byinshi muri Festival International du Cinéma et de l'Audiovisuel du Burundi (FESTICAB)<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://africalia.be/fr/News-and-press/COPRODAC-advocacy-and-actions-for-training |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-20 |archive-date=2021-11-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211120072651/https://africalia.be/fr/News-and-press/COPRODAC-advocacy-and-actions-for-training |url-status=dead }}</ref>. Muri uwo mwaka, yahawe igihembo cya Prix Spécial kubera uburenganzira bwa muntu mu Iserukiramuco rya Filime na Televiziyo bya Panafrican ya [[Wagadugu|Ouagadougou]] (FESPACO)<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.afrique.fr/culturel/burundi-l%E2%80%99-histoire-d%E2%80%99une-haine-manquee-selon-eddy-munyaneza/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-20 |archive-date=2021-11-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211120072651/https://www.afrique.fr/culturel/burundi-l%E2%80%99-histoire-d%E2%80%99une-haine-manquee-selon-eddy-munyaneza/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>. Hagati aho, yahawe igihembo cy'ishimwe na perezida w'u Burundi, [[Petero Nkurunziza|Pierre Nkurunziza]], i Kirundo. Icyakora, yanenze perezida Nkurunziza kuba yarahataniraga manda ya gatatu.<ref>http://www.docmonde.org/en/lendemains-incertains/</ref> Muri 2016 yasohoye film ye ya kabiri ya documentaire, ''Le troisième vide''<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.film-documentaire.fr/4DACTION/w_fiche_film/48566_1 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-20 |archive-date=2021-11-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211120072648/http://www.film-documentaire.fr/4DACTION/w_fiche_film/48566_1 |url-status=dead }}</ref> . Harimo amajwi y’imyivumbagatanyo ikaze y’imyaka ibiri ya guverinoma ya Nkurunziza aho abantu bari hagati ya 500 na 2000 bakorerwa iyicarubozo bakicwa, naho 400.000 bakajyanwa mu bunyage. Amaze gusohora filime, yakiriye telefoni itazwi akangishwa urupfu. Ni yo mpamvu yahunze igihugu mu mpera za 2016 maze atandukana n'umugore we n'abana batatu<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://artistsatriskconnection.org/story/eddy-munyaneza |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-20 |archive-date=2021-10-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211020003940/https://artistsatriskconnection.org/story/eddy-munyaneza |url-status=dead }}</ref>. Icyakora, yasubiye mu [[Burundi]] muri Nyakanga 2016 no muri Mata 2017 kugira ngo abone andi mashusho ya ''videwo ya Le troisième'' . Nyuma yumwaka, film yahawe igihembo cyinyandiko nziza muri Guido Huysmans Young African Makers Award (YAFMA).<ref>https://afrikafilmfestival.be/awards/guido-huysmans-young-african-film-makers-award</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] ie7xfjcw4myljeew3osp7ztgz176l71 0 9590 148817 144792 2026-11-04T08:50:49Z ~2026-58674-11 19300 work experiencenot wel captured 148817 wikitext text/x-wiki == Imirimo akora ubu == CYIZA Beatrice yahoze ari Umuyobozi mukuru, W’Ibidukikije n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere muri Minisiteri y’ibidukikije mu Rwanda, agenzura iterambere n’ikwirakwizwa ry’amategeko, ingamba na gahunda bijyanye no kurengera ibidukikije, imihindagurikire y’ikirere no kurwanya umwanda. Binyuze mu myanya itandukanye n'amahugurwa, yakusanyije ubunararibonye mu micungire y’ibidukikije.<ref>What would it take for Rwandan industries to adopt clean energy? | The New Times | Rwanda</ref> == Imirimo yakoze == Mbere yo kwinjira muri Minisiteri y’ibidukikije, <ref>Beatrice Cyiza - IGC (theigc.org)</ref> Mbere yibyo, yabaye umukozi ushinzwe igenzura ry’ibidukikije mu kigo gishinzwe imicungire y’ibidukikije mu Rwanda (REMA) ndetse anakora nka Nagoya Protocol Focal point mu myaka irenga 7.Nkigihugu cyibanze kuri Protokole ya Nagoya, yayoboye imishinga itandukanye igamije kugenzura uburyo bwo kubona umutungo wa genetike ategura ingamba na gahunda zitandukanye.<ref>Béatrice Cyiza | InforMEA</ref><ref>Ms. Béatrice Cyiza (cbd.int)</ref> Mubushobozi bwe nk'umukozi ushinzwe kugenzura no gukurikirana ibidukikije; yakoze ibikorwa byo kugenzura ibidukikije kumishinga itandukanye ikorwa kandi akurikirana iyubahirizwa ry'amabwirizwa y’ibidukikije.<ref>Beatrice | IPBES secretariat</ref><ref name=":0">Circularity: a breakthrough strategy to tackle biodiversity loss (unep.org)</ref><ref>Circularity: a breakthrough strategy to tackle biodiversity loss (unep.org)</ref><ref>Circularity: a breakthrough strategy to tackle biodiversity loss (unep.org)</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Umugore]] [[Ikiciro:Umuyobozi]] [[Ikiciro:Umunyarwandakazi]] 4ulhnls5vasdzif3i1kjt4759o6djgj 0 9599 148666 145273 2026-11-03T13:06:46Z NSHUTIYIMANA Moise 17987 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 148666 wikitext text/x-wiki '''<u>AMATEKA</u>''' Uwimana Consolée yavukiye mu [[Akarere ka Burera|Karere ka Burera]] mu mwaka wa 1971. Amashuri abanza yayatangiriye i Burera, akomereza i Cyabingo mu [[Akarere ka Gakenke|Karere ka Gakenke]], naho ayisumbuye ayiga muri Lycée Notre-Dame de Cîteaux i [[Kigali]]. Yize ibijyanye n’ubukungu, nyuma akora igihe kinini muri Banki y’Abaturage, aho yagiye akora imirimo itandukanye. Uwimana Consolee yahoze ari [https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/senate-summon-premier-over-living-conditions-historically-marginalised perezida wa sena]<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/senate-summon-premier-over-living-conditions-historically-marginalised</ref> yu [[Rwanda]]. Uwimana ni rwiyemezamirimo akaba n'umunyamabanki wa [https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/58505 bizobereyemo]<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/58505</ref> == Imirimo yakoze == Hon Consolee Uwimana [https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/senate-summon-premier-over-living-conditions-historically-marginalised Yakoze ibushakashatsi]<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/senate-summon-premier-over-living-conditions-historically-marginalised</ref> mu turere twose tw'u [[Rwanda]] uko tungana ari 30 atuzegurukamo ashaka imibare yabasigajwe inyuma na amateka ariko yasanze imubare ukiri hasi cyane, gusa ibibazo bahura nabyo aribyo byinshi. Muri ibyo bibazo basanze abana babo batajya ku ishuri uko bikwiye. Hon Consolee yifatanyije na bagore bo mu karere ka Gakenke ku italiki ya 25/10/2014 wari umunsi mukuru wahariwe umugore wo mu cyaro, [https://www.kigalitoday.com/umuco/ikinyarwanda/Gakenke-Umuco-nyarwanda-wagaragajwe-nk-inzitizi-ituma-umugore-adatera-imbere umuco nyarwanda wagaragaye ko ubazitira]<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/umuco/ikinyarwanda/Gakenke-Umuco-nyarwanda-wagaragajwe-nk-inzitizi-ituma-umugore-adatera-imbere</ref> mu iterambere . == Mu ishyaka FPR == Mu matora yabaye ku itariki ya 2 Mata 2023, nibwo ku cyicaro cy’ishyaka rya FPR Inkotanyi hazwi nka Intare Conference Arena, nibwo kongere y’igihugu ya cumi na gatandatu ya FPR yatorewemo komite Nyobozi nshya y’igihugu bituma Uwimana Consolée atorerwa kuba visi perezida mushya waryo, asimbuye [[Christophe Bazivamo|Bazivamo Christophe]], Uwimana yabonye amajwi 1945 ahagarariye 92.7% yabatoye bose aho yungirije umuyobozi mukuru [[Paul Kagame]] . <ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/6361/news/politics/who-is-consolee-uwimana-the-new-rpf-vice-chairperson</ref> == Ibimwerekeyeho == Consolee Uwimana [https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/58505 arubatse kandi afite abana batatu.]<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/58505</ref> == Reba aha == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Umunyarwandakazi]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore babanyapolitike]] 84olyhkh3kkuvoywg5ovh2mbtkhgjrj 0 9615 148535 145627 2026-11-03T12:57:09Z NSHUTIYIMANA Moise 17987 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 148535 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ikiciro:Pages using infobox person with unknown empty parameters|home townJulienne Uwacu]] [[Category:Pages using infobox person with unknown empty parameters|religionJulienne Uwacu]] [[Category:Articles with hCards]] '''Uwacu''' '''Julienne''' ni umunyarwandakazi akaba ari umunyapolitiki mu [[Rwanda]], wabaye minisitiri w’imikino n’umuco n'a siporo,yari [[Inama y’Abaminisitiri|mu baminisitiri muri Guverinoma y’u Rwanda]], kuva ku ya 24 Gashyantare 2015. <ref>http://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/186342/</ref> Mu ivugurura ry’abaminisitiri ryo ku ya 31 Kanama 2017, Julienne Uwacu yagumanye inshingano ze .<ref>https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/news/Rwanda-Kagame-cabinet-women/2558-4077764-71yir9z/index.html</ref> == Amavu n'amavuko == Yavukiye mu [[Rwanda]], ahagana muri 1979.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.gov.rw/news_detail/?tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=1103&cHash=27de951ba1c5e186734d539022afe7b7 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-23 |archive-date=2017-09-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170901032206/http://www.gov.rw/news_detail/?tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=1103&cHash=27de951ba1c5e186734d539022afe7b7 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Umwuga wa politiki watangiye mbere ya 2008, ubwo yakoraga nka Visi Meya w'Akarere ka [[Akarere ka Nyabihu /Intara y'Uburengerazuba|Nyabihu]], ushinzwe ubukungu n'iterambere. Muri 2008, yatorewe kuba [[Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y’u Rwanda|inteko ishinga amategeko]], akora muri urwo rwego kugeza muri Gashyantare 2015. Igihe yari mu nteko, yabaye umuyobozi wungirije wa komite y’inteko ishinga amategeko y’ububanyi n’amahanga, ubutwererane n’umutekano .<ref>https://peoplepill.com/people/julienne-uwacu</ref><ref>https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/rwanda/News/1433218-2653096-158x7jy/index.html</ref> <ref name="In" /> Muri 2015, yabaye minisiteri wa [[Umukino|siporo]] n’umuco mu Rwanda (Minispoc); umugore wa mbere wakoraga muri urwo rwego, asimbuye Joseph Habineza, waQvanywe muri guverinoma.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/ishimwe-rya-uwacu-julienne-wasimbuwe-ku-buyobozi-bwa-minispoc</ref> <ref name="Min" /> == Ibindi == Uwacu Julienne uyu munsi rero akaba ashinzwe ubudaheranwa muri Minisiteri shyashya y’Ubumwe bw’Abanyarwanda n’Inshingano mboneragihugu ( yitwa Minubumwe. Uwacu Julienne kandi akaba yiciwe ababyeyi muri Jenoside, aho i Se bamuziza ko yashakanye n’Umututsikazi . Uwacu yavutse ku babyeyi babiri badahuje amoko abahutu [[Abatutsi|n’abatutsi]]. genoside yakorewe Abatutsi yabaye afite imyaka igera kuri 13, ku itariki 8 Mata 1994, kuwa Gatanu saa munani nibwo ababyeyi be bombi bishwe. Nyina yari Umututsikazi, papa akaba yari Umuhutu . <ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/se-yishwe-kuko-yashatse-umututsikazi-nyirasenge-arabamagana-uwacu-julienne</ref> Uwacu Julienne kandi yabaye Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa wa Komisiyo y’Igihugu yo kurwanya Jenoside, CNLG ( National Commission for the Fight Against Genocide ) .<ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/madamu-jeannette-kagame-yakurikiye-umukino-ku-gitabo-cy-uwarwanyije</ref> == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Abanyarwandakazi babanyapolitiki]] {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Minisitiri]] [[Ikiciro:Umuyobozi muri Siporo]] q5gifxnofjfgqlhq57f5wx6dwtdrc49 0 9736 148517 146723 2026-11-03T12:36:56Z Baraka official 17008 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 148517 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mehret Mandefro''' (wavutse 1977) ni Umunyetiyopiya-Umunyamerika utunganya firime / seri za televiziyo, umwanditsi, umuganga na antropropologue . <ref>https://www.carnegie.org/awards/honoree/mehret-mandefro/</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://lailasnews.com/pavillon-afriques-joke-silva-kunle-afolayan-rita-dominic-cannes-film-festival/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-28 |archive-date=2021-11-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211126003712/https://lailasnews.com/pavillon-afriques-joke-silva-kunle-afolayan-rita-dominic-cannes-film-festival/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ni umuyobozi w'itsinda rya Indaba Africa, akaba yarashinze ikigo cya Realness Institute <ref>https://variety.com/2020/film/news/sundance-rotterdam-realness-institute-african-producers-1234710821/</ref> akaba ari nawe washinze Truth Aid Media <ref>http://www.tadias.com/06/26/2020/ethiopian-filmmakers-abraham-gezahagne-and-yared-zeleke-selected-for-2020-realness-screenwriters-residency/</ref> akaba n'umwe mu bagize inama y'abajyanama mu Harvest Fund. <ref>https://www.forbes.com/sites/devinthorpe/2018/04/11/these-three-mds-have-a-prescription-for-curing-student-debt/?sh=1dc0bb8c428d</ref> Yahawe kandi igihembo cya Paul &amp;amp; Daisy Soros Fellowship kubanyamerika bashya (2001) maze muri 2007 yicara nkumwe mubantu 41 bazwi cyane muri [[Amerika]]. <ref>https://www.pdsoros.org/meet-the-fellows/mehret-mandefro</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.payvand.com/news/07/feb/1298.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-28 |archive-date=2022-10-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221028193523/http://www.payvand.com/news/07/feb/1298.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Muri 2016, yahawe icyubahiro na Carnegie Corporation ya New York nk'umwe mu Bimukira bakomeye bo muri [[Amerika]]. <ref>https://armenianweekly.com/2016/06/30/afeyan-carnegie/</ref> == Ubuzima n'uburere == Mandefro yavukiye i [[Addis Ababa|Addis Abeba]], [[Etiyopiya|muri Etiyopiya]] mu 1977, akurira muri Alegizandiriya, muri Virijiniya, muri [[Amerika]]. Se, Ayalew Mandefro, yari Minisitiri w’ingabo muri Etiyopiya na nyina Tsedale K. Mandefro. Umuryango we wahungiye muri Amerika nyuma y’ubutegetsi bwa gikomunisiti bwa Etiyopiya bwagerageje kwica se. Yize mu ishuri ryisumbuye rya siyansi n’ikoranabuhanga rya [[Thomas Jefferson]] arangiza icyiciro cya mbere cya kaminuza n’ubuvuzi muri kaminuza ya Harvard . Yakomeje impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu buzima rusange bw’abaturage ku ishuri ry’i Londere ry’isuku n’ubuvuzi bwa Tropical nka Scholar ya Fulbright . Yasoje gahunda ya Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Health and Society Scholars Program muri kaminuza ya Pennsylvania yibanda ku mibereho y’ubuzima akomeza gukurikirana impamyabumenyi ya PhD muri Anthropologie y’umuco muri kaminuza ya Temple aho yarangirije [[igitabo]] cyerekeye ishingwa ry’ubuzima bw’Abanyamerika. politiki muri guverinoma ihuriweho na leta. <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.healthandsocietyscholars.org/the-scholars/416641/1985 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-28 |archive-date=2021-11-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211126003657/http://www.healthandsocietyscholars.org/the-scholars/416641/1985 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Aragenda ku kumenyereza muri internal medicine muri Montefiore Medical Center na Albert Einstein College of Medicine aho bakurikirana ubushakashatsi ku ubusumbane [[SIDA]] mu bagore <ref>http://www.tadias.com/03/08/2012/celebrating-international-womens-history-month-qa-with-dr-mehret-mandefro/</ref> <ref>https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/change-power-dynamics-relationships-article-1.264328</ref> Mandefro kandi yari Umukozi wa White House mu butegetsi bwa Obama . <ref>http://www.tadias.com/06/14/2010/nbc%E2%80%99s-tom-brokaw-highlights-white-house-fellow-mehret-mandefro/</ref> == Umwuga == Mandefro numwe mubahawe icyubahiro muri 2009 muri Black Girls Rock Awards, ahabwa igihembo cyumuganda. Muri Werurwe 2014, yari umwe mu bagore bubashywe mu birori byo kwizihiza umunsi mpuzamahanga w’abagore mu mujyi wa New York, na WomenWerk. <ref>https://www.bellanaija.com/2014/03/its-the-century-of-the-african-woman-womenwerk-celebrates-interational-womens-day-in-new-york/</ref> Muri 2014 kandi, yakoranye na firime ''Difret'', iyobowe na [[Zeresenay Berhane Mehari]] . <ref>{{Template:Cite web}}https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/review/difret-sundance-review-674060</ref> <ref>http://www.tadias.com/02/11/2014/tadias-interview-with-difret-director-and-producer/</ref> <ref>https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/movies/moviesnow/la-et-mn-sundance-difret-20140122-story.html</ref> <ref>https://www.jacksonville.com/article/20160311/NEWS/801244782</ref> Yakoranye firime na Zeresenay Berhane ya 2019 yitwa,''Sweetness in the Belly'', hamwe na Adrian Sturges, Laura Bickford na Fiona Druckenmiller. <ref>http://www.tadias.com/04/11/2019/spotlight-mehret-mandefros-the-loving-generation-up-for-webby-award/</ref> Muri uwo mwaka, documentaire yayoboye yise " ''The Loving Generation'' ", yatorewe igihembo cya Webby People Voice Award. <ref>https://scannain.com/featured/feature-irish-films-to-watch-out-for-in-2019/</ref> Iyi filime yemejwe ku mugaragaro ko izerekanwa ku rwego mpuzamahanga mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya Filimi rya Toronto (TIFF). <ref>https://scannain.com/irish/abroad/tiff-19-irish-2/</ref> Mu iserukiramuco rya sinema rya Cannes 2019 ryabereye muri Palais Des Festivals, i Cannes, mu [[Ubufaransa|Bufaransa]], yagiriye inama abakora amafilime yo muri Afurika kubaka ubufatanye bufatika bakorana, agaragaza ko ibindi bihugu bya Afurika bishobora kwigira kuri Nollywood kugira ngo biteze imbere mu nganda zabo. <ref>https://www.pmnewsnigeria.com/2019/05/21/movie-director-afolayan-decries-segregation-in-filmmaking-in-africa/</ref> <ref>https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/10-nollywood-stars-to-attend-the-cannes-film-festival-2019/8gxgksc</ref> We, hamwe n’umuyobozi wa firime, Abraham Gezahagne, muri Gashyantare 2020 yari ahagarariye [[Etiyopiya]] muri Berlinale Africa Hub, aho yerekanaga amahirwe aboneka hamwe n’ibibazo byugarije inganda za firime na televiziyo mu gihugu. <ref>https://variety.com/2020/film/entertainment-industry/berlinale-2020-ethiopia-africa-hub-1203512155/</ref> We, afatanije na Alicia Keys, Lacey Schwartz Delgado, Elliott Halpern na Elizabeth Trojian, umuyobozi mukuru bakoze documentaire,''How It Feels To Be Free'', ishingiye ku gitabo cya Ruth Feldstein,''How It Feels To Be Free: Black Women Entertainers and the Civil Rights Movement,'' ziyobowe na Yoruba Richen kandi zigomba kwerekanwa bwa mbere mu itumba 2021 na PBS na WNET . <ref>https://realscreen.com/2020/07/28/pbs-thirteen-prep-how-it-feels-to-be-free-doc-with-alicia-keys-yap-films/</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://verysmartbrothas.theroot.com/10-thoughts-after-watching-the-loving-generation-docume-1823357499 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-28 |archive-date=2021-05-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210512023647/https://verysmartbrothas.theroot.com/10-thoughts-after-watching-the-loving-generation-docume-1823357499 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" |Umwaka ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" |Film ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Uruhare ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Ubwoko |- | 2021 |''How It Feels To Be Free'' | Umufatanyabikorwa mukuru | Inyandiko |- | rowspan="2" | 2019 |''The Loving Generation'' | Umuyobozi-hamwe, hamwe-hamwe | Inyandiko |- |''Sweetness in the Belly'' | Umufatanyabikorwa mukuru | Ikinamico |- | 2017 |''Little White Lie'' | Producer / umwanditsi | Inyandiko |- | 2014 |''Difret'' | Producer | Ikinamico |} == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] as2h7xpnd0vd7vk4hua0akknywmm7ht 0 9774 148510 147599 2026-11-03T12:34:24Z Baraka official 17008 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 148510 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Meg Otanwa.png|thumb|meg otanwa]] '''Meg Otanwa''' (yavutse ku ya 14 Gashyantare) ni umukinnyi wa filime wo muri [[Nigeriya]] kandi wahoze ari umunyamabanki . Yavuze ko akunda indimi kandi bivugwa ko avuga bitanu neza. Yatangiye gukinira Nollywood muri 2011 muri filime, ''Nzatwara Amahirwe yanjye'' kandi yari yagaragaye muri firime nka ''1 Ukwakira'' (2018), ''Ojuju'' (2014), ''Kpians: Umunsi mukuru w'ubugingo'' (2014) n'abandi benshi. <ref name="Lang">https://lifestyle.thecable.ng/meg-otanwa-actress-banker-nollywood/</ref> Yabaye igicapo cyo mu Gushyingo 2006 cya Zen Magazine. <ref name="Zen">{{Cite web |url=https://www.allthingsankara.com/2016/11/magazine-nollywood-actress-meg-otanwa-for-zen-magazine-november-2016.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-28 |archive-date=2021-01-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121080605/https://www.allthingsankara.com/2016/11/magazine-nollywood-actress-meg-otanwa-for-zen-magazine-november-2016.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ubuzima n'uburere == Otanwa ukomoka kuvuga karere Idoma ya Benue Leta, [[Nijeriya|Nigeria]], <ref name="Zen"/> gukura igice mu Lagos . Akomoka mu muryango ufite [[Umugore|abagore]] benshi kandi avuga indimi eshanu zirimo Icyongereza, Yoruba, [[Igifaransa]], [[Igihawusa|Hausa]], ururimi rwe kavukire Idoma na [[Icyesipanyole|Espagne]] . Yahawe impamyabumenyi muri kaminuza ya Ahmadu Bello, muri Zariya aho yakuye impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu [[Icyongereza|rurimi rw'icyongereza]], hanyuma akomeza kubona impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu bijyanye no gucunga abakozi muri kaminuza ya TIME, Tuniziya, [[Tunisiya|Tuniziya]], nyuma yaho, aba Master of Business Administration impamyabumenyi muri kaminuza ya Jean Moulin, Lyon, mu [[Ubufaransa|Bufaransa]] . <ref name="Guardian">{{Cite web |url=https://m.guardian.ng/guardian-woman/meg-otanwa-passionate-and-creative/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-28 |archive-date=2020-11-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117105406/https://m.guardian.ng/guardian-woman/meg-otanwa-passionate-and-creative/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Umwuga == Nyuma yakoze mu kiringo kirekire ku [[Banki Nyafurika Itsura Amajyambere]], Tunis, [[Tunisiya|Tunisia]], Otanwa yeguye kandi atora umwuga mu gukora, gufata we Nollywood gukinira mu 2011, featuring mu kubyina drama film by Emem Isong, ''I’ll Take My Chance'' . Muri 2014, yakinnye muri filime ya Kunle Afolayan, ku ya 1 Ukwakira ; mu rukurikirane rw'amakinamico ya Bodunrin Sasore, ''Mbere ya 30'', yakinnye nka "Aisha"; no muri firime ya Charles Novia '', Atlanta'' . Yakinnye muri Afrika Magic 2016 ya mbere ya telenovela '', Hush'' ya Nollywood, nka "Koko Ogunbiade". Hagaragaye kandi Richard Mofe Damijo, Thelma Okoduwa na Rotimi Adelegan. <ref>https://www.pmnewsnigeria.com/2016/04/03/nollywoods-finest-gather-to-launch-africa-magics-telenovela-hush/</ref> <ref>https://www.nigeriacommunicationsweek.com.ng/africa-magic-debuts-telenovela-hush/?PageSpeed=noscript</ref> <ref>http://encomium.ng/nollywoods-finest-gather-to-launch-africa-magics-telenovela-hush/</ref> Yahawe igihembo muri Afurika Magic Viewers Choice Awards 2017 kugirango abone ''Umukinnyi witwaye neza mu'' cyiciro cya Drama ndetse nigihembo cyo kumenyekanisha AMVCA kubera serivise y'umwimerere MNET yatsindiye, kubera uruhare yagize muri thriller telenovela, ''Hush'' . <ref>https://lifestyle.thecable.ng/amvca-winner-meg-otanwa-actress/</ref> <ref>https://africamagic.dstv.com/news/amvca-2017-complete-winners-list</ref> <ref>https://www.pmnewsnigeria.com/2017/03/04/amvca-2017-rita-dominic-shines-wins-best-actress-africa/</ref> Uyu mukinnyi w'amafilime kandi yari yitabiriye kuri tapi itukura y'ibirori bya 2018. <ref>https://lifestyle.thecable.ng/meg-otanwa-suffers-wardrobe-malfunction-on-amvca-2018-red-carpet/</ref> <ref>https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/nollywood/225233-76-rita-dominic-win-big-amvca2017-award.html</ref> Muri filime ya Tosin Igho 2018 yise, ''Eva'', yakinnye nka "Yewande", akina nabakinnyi nabakinnyi nka Beverly Naya, Hauwa Allhabura, John Okafor nabandi. <ref name="Eve">{{Cite web |url=https://leadership.ng/beverly-naya-hauwa-allhabura-mr-ibu-others-in-hilarious-the-eve/?amp=1 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-28 |archive-date=2020-11-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112190948/https://leadership.ng/beverly-naya-hauwa-allhabura-mr-ibu-others-in-hilarious-the-eve/?amp=1 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>https://m.imdb.com/title/tt8984208/?ref_=m_nm_knf_act_i4</ref> Muri filime ya 2020, ''Kuri Maria Ebun Pataki'', iyobowe na Damilola Orimogunje, yakinnye nka "Derin". <ref>http://thebritishblacklist.co.uk/tbb-talks-to-damilola-orimogunje-director-of-for-maria-ebun-pataki/</ref> Yari featured nk'uko "Angela" mu Dimeji Ajibola wa sci-fi thriller, ''Ratnik'', ngo kurekurwa Ukuboza 1, 2020 na featuring Osas Ighodaro, Karibi Fubara, Pawulo Utomi n'abandi. <ref>https://m.imdb.com/title/tt5518714/</ref> <ref name="Rat">https://www.nollywoodreinvented.com/2019/10/coming-soon-ratnik.html</ref> == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" |Umwaka ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Filime ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Uruhare ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Inyandiko |- | 2021 |''Loving Rona'' | Umukinnyi wa filime (Rona Adams) | |- | rowspan="2" |2020 |''Ratnik'' | Umukinnyi wa filime ( ''Angela'' ) | Sci-fi |- |''For Maria Ebun Pataki'' | Umukinnyi ( ''Derin'' ) | Ikinamico |- | rowspan="3" | 2018 |''Payday'' | Umukinnyi wa filime ( ''Kimberley'' ) | Urwenya |- |''The Eve'' | Umukinnyi ( ''Yewande'' ) | Ikinamico y'urukundo |- |''Knockout Blessing'' | Umukinnyi | Igikorwa, Urwenya, Urwenya |- | 2016 - 2017 |''Hush'' | Umukinnyi ( ''Koko Ogunbiade'' ) | Telenovela; Urukurikirane rwa televiziyo |- | 2015 - ubungubu |''Before 30'' | Umukinnyi wa filime ( ''Aisha'' ) | Urukurikirane rw'ikinamico |- | rowspan="2" | 2015 |''Road to Yesterday'' | Umukinnyi wa filime ( ''Tomiwa'' ) | Urukundo, Ikinamico, Igitangaza |- |''Doll House'' | Umukinnyi wa filime ( ''Yemisi'' ) | Ikinamico |- | rowspan="3" | 2014 |''October 1'' | Umukinnyi ( ''Yejide'' ) | Thriller |- |''Kpians: The Feast of Souls'' | Umukinnyi wa filime ( ''Jane'' ) | Igikorwa, Ubwoba |- |''Ojuju'' | Umukinnyi wa filime ( ''Alero'' ) | Biteye ubwoba |- | 2011 | ''Nzakoresha amahirwe yanjye'' | Umukinnyi | Ikinamico yo kubyina |} == Amashimwe == {| class="wikitable" !Umwaka ! Ibirori ! Igihembo ! Uwakiriye |- | 2017 | AMVCA | ''Umukinnyi mwiza muri Drama'' | Wenyine |} == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] f6i1e4kwjvemlrc51cn7pq1juwfvn6a 0 9810 148519 146327 2026-11-03T12:38:00Z Baraka official 17008 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 148519 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Themba Khambule.jpg|thumb|stefanie sycholt]] '''Stefanie Sycholt''' (wavutse 1963) ni umuyobozi wa firime muri [[Afrika yepfo,]] utunganya amafilime, akaba n'umwanditsi. == Ubuzima bwa Biografiya == Sycholt yavukiye i Pretoriya mu 1963. Yize [[icyongereza]] munsi ya JM Coetzee ndetse na siyanse ya politiki na teoriya muriKaminuza ya Natal na kaminuza ya Cape Town . <ref name="frauen" /> Sycholt yagize uruhare mu bikorwa byo kurwanya ivanguramoko kandi yabaye umuyobozi ushinzwe itangazamakuru mu ihuriro ry’abanyeshuri bo muri Afurika yepfo. Marita yashoboye umusaruro ikipe Ava bikaba amasanamu Nelson Mandela's Welcome Home Rally mu Durban mu 1990. <ref name="filmportal">https://www.filmportal.de/en/person/stefanie-sycholt_f31295e69554a3cfe03053d50b373efb</ref> Sycholt yaje kujya mu Budage kwiga muri Kaminuza ya Televiziyo na Filime Munich. Yakoze mu ishami rishinzwe kwandika rya kaminuza ya firime na televiziyo i Munich ndetse n'umwanditsi n'umuyobozi. <ref name="blake">http://blakefriedmann.co.uk/stefanie-sycholt</ref> Mu 2001, Sycholt yakinnye bwa mbere muri ''firime'' na Malunde, ivuga amateka yumuhungu witwa Wonderboy uba inshuti nuwahoze ari umusirikare mubutegetsi bwera. Yakiriye ibihembo bitandatu bya Avanti harimo umuyobozi mwiza, kandi igice cyinyungu cyagiye mumfashanyo ya Mandela kubana bo mumuhanda. <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variety.com</ref> Yayoboye filime isetsa yakozwe kuri TV ''Gwendolyn'' mu 2007. Mu mwaka wa 2010, yanditse, ayobora, afatanya na ''Themba'' . Ukurikije igitabo kitazwi na Lutz van Dijk, ni ikinamico yo mu muryango ivuga amateka yumuhungu ukiri muto ukunda [[Umupira w’amaguru|umupira wamaguru]] na nyina wanduye [[SIDA|sida]]. ''Themba'' yahawe igihembo cya UNICEF Uburenganzira bw'umwana mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya sinema rya Zanzibar 2010. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.brandsouthafrica.com/people-culture/arts-culture/themba-130810 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-30 |archive-date=2020-09-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200921180118/https://www.brandsouthafrica.com/people-culture/arts-culture/themba-130810 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Sycholt yayoboye ibice byinshi byurukurikirane rwa ''Inga Lindström'' . <ref>https://www.tv-media.at/programm/ZDF/inga-lindstr%C3%B6m--zur%C3%BCck-ins-morgen/2020-11-08/77331272948</ref> Sycholt yashakanye n'umukinnyi wa firime wo muri Arijantine kandi afite umuhungu umwe. Agabanya igihe cye hagati y'Ubudage, Arijantine, na Afurika y'Epfo. == Amashusho == * 1998: ''MBUBE - Die Nacht der Löwen'' (umuyobozi) * 2001: ''Malunde'' (umwanditsi / umuyobozi) * 2007: ''Gwendolyn'' (umuyobozi) * 2007: ''Tango zu dritt'' (umwanditsi) * 2009: ''Ella's Mystery'' (umwanditsi) * 2010: ''Themba'' (umwanditsi / umuyobozi / umufatanyabikorwa) * 2010: ''Ein Sommer muri Kapstadt'' (umwanditsi) * 2010: ''Ein Sommer muri Marrakesch'' (umwanditsi) * 2011: ''Ein Sommer muri den Bergen'' (umwanditsi) * 2012: ''Die Löwin'' (umwanditsi / umuyobozi) * 2013: ''Weit hinter dem Horizont'' (umwanditsi / umuyobozi) * 2013: ''Mein ganzes halbes Leben'' (Urukurikirane rwa TV, umwanditsi) * 2013: ''Zwischen Himmel und hier'' (umwanditsi) * 2016-2020: ''Inga Lindström'' (urukurikirane rwa TV, umwanditsi / umuyobozi) * 2018: ''Cecelia Ahern: Dich zu lieben'' (umuyobozi) == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] 35jo0ydk3teg9ywn9dvwwiz38pmx37s 0 9844 148688 145956 2026-11-03T13:07:41Z NSHUTIYIMANA Moise 17987 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 148688 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Dominique_Alonga.jpg|thumb| Dominique Alonga]] '''Dominique Alonga''' ni umukobwa ukiri muto, rwiyemezamirimo, umwanditsi na blogger . Niwe washinze kandi akaba n'umuyobozi mukuru wa Imagine We Rwanda, ububiko bwibitabo, inzu y’ibitabo n’isomero ryashinzwe mu 2014. <ref name=":0">https://rwandatoday.africa/rwanda/news/getting-the-young-to-read-books-written-for-their-enjoyment-by-rwanda-peers-3608580</ref> == Uburezi == Alonga yize impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu itangazamakuru kandi azobereye mu mibanire rusange no gucunga ibirori muri Sri Bhagawan Mahaveer Jain College mu [[Ubuhinde|Buhinde]] . <ref name=":0" /> == Umwuga == Nyuma yo kurangiza amasomo ya Alonga, Dominque yasubiye i [[Kigali|Kigali mu Rwanda]] maze atangira gukora mu ishami ry’itumanaho rya Never Again Rwanda. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |url=http://sheinspiresher.com/dominique-alonga-spreading-a-passion-for-reading/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-12-04 |archive-date=2021-11-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211124114203/http://sheinspiresher.com/dominique-alonga-spreading-a-passion-for-reading/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Muri 2014, yinjiye mu marushanwa ya ba rwiyemezamirimo bashinzwe imibereho myiza bakora mu kuzamura imibereho y’abana icyo gihe muri Kanama 2015, ahabwa igihembo cy’amafaranga n’umushinga udaharanira inyungu Reach for Change cyamuteye kureka akazi yakoraga maze atangira ku mugaragaro kwikorera. umuryango we utegamiye kuri Leta, Imagine We Rwanda. <ref name=":1" /> Bitewe no kutagira [[Igitabo|ibitabo]] byinjira mu ruhame hanze y’isomero rusange rya [[Kigali]], yatangije umuryango utegamiye kuri Leta agamije kongerera ubushobozi umuco wo gusoma no guhanga mu [[Rwanda]] . <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.care.org/news-and-stories/culture/how-26-year-old-dominique-alonga-is-changing-rwandas-lit-scene/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-12-04 |archive-date=2021-11-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211124114208/https://www.care.org/news-and-stories/culture/how-26-year-old-dominique-alonga-is-changing-rwandas-lit-scene/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Alonga yemeza ko kimwe mu bikenewe cyane [[Rwanda|u Rwanda]] na [[Afurika]] bifite ari ugukunda [[ubuvanganzo]] kandi akoresha igihe cye n'umutungo kugira ngo atange umusanzu muto muri ibyo bikenewe. <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.imbutofoundation.org/iaccelerator/girldistrict.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-12-04 |archive-date=2021-11-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211124114210/http://www.imbutofoundation.org/iaccelerator/girldistrict.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>https://www.unicef.org/rwanda/stories/unicef-and-airtel-host-pitch-night-young-entrepreneurs-rwanda</ref> Alonga yatangiriye ku gitabo cy’abana cyitwa ''ABC's of Rwanda, igitabo'' cyanditseho inkuru ngufi nka ''The Burden of the Saved a'' nd ''The Shape of Hypocrisyand Tracing the Cracks'', kimaze kumenyekana kuko gishingiye ku ihungabana ry’ibisekuruza ndetse na [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yo]] mu 1994. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.andariya.com/post/young-inspiring-women-from-rwanda |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-12-04 |archive-date=2021-11-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211124120843/https://www.andariya.com/post/young-inspiring-women-from-rwanda |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yanditse inkuru nyinshi zibabaza kandi zisusurutsa umutima zakoze kuba[[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|rwanda benshi nyuma ya jenoside yakorewe abatutsi mu Rwanda 1994]] . <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20211124114200/https://mellowviews.com/tracing-the-cracks-by-dominique-alonga-review-raw-heartbreaking-and-heartwarming/</ref> Alonga ahugura urubyiruko kubijyanye no guteza imbere imishinga no kwitwara neza binyuze mumushinga wamateka, kandi yibanda ku mpano zibitabo, guhugura abashobora kwandika, no gusohora ibitabo. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.care.org/news-and-stories/culture/how-26-year-old-dominique-alonga-is-changing-rwandas-lit-scene/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-12-04 |archive-date=2021-11-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211124114208/https://www.care.org/news-and-stories/culture/how-26-year-old-dominique-alonga-is-changing-rwandas-lit-scene/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/932271556078151352/pdf/Blog4Dev-2019-Enhancing-the-Skills-to-Prepare-Africa-s-Youth-for-the-Digital-Economy-and-the-Future-of-Work.pdf</ref> Alonga atezimbere gusoma no umuco wo kwandika mubanyarwanda ndetse no mumashuri ubaha ibikoresho bifatika bashobora guhuza no kwihesha agaciro kubasomyi ba Afrika. <ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/entertainment/alonga-her-book-tracing-cracks-and-imagine-we-book-app</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://africa.reachforchange.org/en/impact/impact-social-entrepreneurs/dominique-brings-joys-reading-rwandan-children |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-12-04 |archive-date=2021-11-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211124114155/https://africa.reachforchange.org/en/impact/impact-social-entrepreneurs/dominique-brings-joys-reading-rwandan-children |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ibihembo == Dominique Alonga yahawe ibihembo byinshi nkurubyiruko rwihangira imirimo harimo Tigo na Reach for Change Digital Changemakers Award 2015, <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://hope-mag.com/index.php?com=news&option=read&ca=1&a=2654 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-12-04 |archive-date=2021-11-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211124114207/http://hope-mag.com/index.php?com=news&option=read&ca=1&a=2654 |url-status=dead }}</ref> One Hundred Most Influential Young Africans, UKAID’s iAccelerator, Celebrating Young Rwandan Achievers(CYRWA) Award and Youth connect champion 2015,World Bank Blog for Development Award 2016, and Mandela washington fellow 2016 in the U.S <ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/201550</ref> == Ubuzima == Dominique Alonga yavutse kuri nyina wo mu [[Rwanda]] Antoinette Nyirahuku na Christopher Alonga, se uva muri congo. Alonga yavukiye muri DRC ariko mu 1997 umuryango we wahunze [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]] (DRC) ujya mu [[Rwanda]] bashaka umutekano. azwiho gukunda kwandika no gutangaza. Amarana umwanya munini nabana kugirango basome hamwe nibiganiro mbwirwaruhame. <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20211124114213/http://twentytentalent.com/a-day-in-the-life-of-dominique-uwase-alonga-ceo-of-imagine-we-rwanda/</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://issuu.com/inzozi/docs/rwandair_inzozi_magazine_september__b0b10289eb6135/52 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-12-07 |archive-date=2021-12-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211207145240/https://issuu.com/inzozi/docs/rwandair_inzozi_magazine_september__b0b10289eb6135/52 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Abanyarwandakazi bari muri business]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore mu bucuruzi]] 0ym7gwftlypepky1uktvlmz1g6680tt 0 9846 148527 148218 2026-11-03T12:54:42Z Baraka official 17008 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 148527 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Akaliza Keza Gara ni''' umunyarwakazi w'umuhanga mu ikoranabuhanaga n'itumanaho akaba n'umucuruzikazi <ref>https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/rwanda-today/akaliza-keza-gara-rwanda-s-ict-woman-1323180</ref>. Afite uruhare runini mu guteza imbere abakobwa kandi yamenyekanye kubera ibikorwa bye n'ibihembo byatanzwe na guverinoma y'u [[Rwanda]] ndetse n’umuryango mpuzamahanga w’itumanaho . '''Gara''' yashinze ubujyanama bwikoranabuhanga hamwe nisosiyete ikora urubuga hamwe na studio ya animasiyo. Yavuzweho kuba "umwe mu bagore bake bo mu [[Rwanda]] bateye intambwe igaragara mu guhindura isura y’ikoranabuhanga mu gihugu" kandi akaba umunyamuryango w’umuryango World Economic Forum’s Global Shapers Community<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.techtalentfuture.com/akaliza-keza-gara-rwandan-it-activist-and-entrepreneur/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-12-07 |archive-date=2021-12-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211207093230/http://www.techtalentfuture.com/akaliza-keza-gara-rwandan-it-activist-and-entrepreneur/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/109151</ref>. == Umwuga == [[Dosiye:University of Kent at Canterbury - geograph.org.uk - 4679898.jpg|thumb|Kaminuza ya Kent aho Keza Gara yize ibijyanye na multimedia]] Akaliza Keza Gara yavukiye muri [[Uganda]] kandi yabayeho mu bihe bitandukanye muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika y'Epfo]], [[Kenya]], [[Amerika]], [[Ubufaransa]], [[Ubusuwisi]], [[Ubutaliyani|n'Ubutaliyani]]. Afite impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu buhanga bwa multimediya no gushushanya yakuye muri kaminuza ya Kent, Canterbury (UK). <ref name="east" /> Yatuye i [[Kigali]], mu [[Rwanda]] nyuma yo kurangiza icyiciro cye maze atsindira akazi ke ka mbere mu 2009 akoresheje isoko ryo guhatanira urubuga rw’ubunyamabanga bwa Leta bwongerera ubushobozi abakozi ba Leta. Yari afite imyaka 23 y'amavuko kandi yagombaga kuguza mudasobwa igendanwa kugirango arangize akazi. <ref name="klab">{{Cite web |url=https://klab.rw/public/member/21 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-12-04 |archive-date=2024-09-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240912032946/https://klab.rw/public/member/21 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Gara yashinze ubucuruzi bwa Multimedia Shaking Sun kugirango amwemere gutsindira imirimo myinshi mubijyanye no gushushanya, gukora imbuga na animasiyo no gutoza abana b'abanyarwanda. <ref name="east" /> Isosiyete yakoze imbuga za Minisiteri y’imari n’igenamigambi mu [[Rwanda]] na Minisiteri y’umutungo kamere. <ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/54835</ref> Kuva muri Nzeri 2012, Gara yakoraga nk'umujyanama muri kLab, umuryango utanga ubufasha bw'ikoranabuhanga no gutanga inama ku bantu bo muri [[Kigali]] ndetse anakorana n'Abakobwa bo muri ICT Rwanda, umuryango uhuza [[Umugore|abagore]] bakora mu bumenyi bw'ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho kugira ngo bateze imbere ikoranabuhanaga nk'umwuga kubakobwa.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/54835</ref> Ni umunyamuryango wa Kigali hub umuryango wa World Economic Forum’s Global Shapers Community. <ref name="venture">http://ventureburn.com/2014/04/built-in-africa-shaking-suns-akaliza-keza-gara-on-using-tech-to-tell-african-stories/</ref> Muri 2012 Gara yahawe igihembo cya Rwiyemezamirimo w’umugore witwaye neza muri ICT na Minisiteri y’Urubyiruko na ICT. <ref name="venture" /> Muri uwo mwaka, yari umwe mu bagore bane bo mu [[Rwanda]] ba rwiyemezamirimo ba ICT bamenyekanye nk'indashyikirwa mu nzego zabo n’umuryango mpuzamahanga w’itumanaho . <ref>http://www.ipsnews.net/2014/08/tech-entrepreneur-encourages-rwandas-young-women-to-venture-into-ict/</ref> Yatangiye gukoresha "Abanyarwanda kuri Twitter" (#RwOT) hashtag. <ref name="kig">https://web.archive.org/web/20180915053712/http://www.kigalian.com/socialmedia/2015/05/10-young-rwandan-entrepreneurs-you-should-follow-on-twitter/</ref> Muri 2013, Microsoft yashyizeho Gara nk'uhagarariye urubyiruko muri [[Imiterere ya Afurika y'Iburasirazuba n'ibidukikije byaho|Afurika y'Iburasirazuba]], ku nshuro ya mbere Umunyarwanda ashyirwaho kuri uwo mwanya, kandi yari umwe mu bane bagize akanama ngishwanama k'urubyiruko muri gahunda ya 4Afrika. <ref>http://www.kigalitoday.com/ikoranabuhanga/utuntu-n-utundi/Akariza-Keza-Gara-Umunyarwandakazi-watowe-mu-buyobozi-bwa-Microsoft-muri</ref> Gara yashinze kandi Studiyo Yambi Animation. <ref name="kig" /> Arimo guteza imbere ''animasiyo ya African Tales'', izaba ikinamico ya mbere ya bana yakorewe mu [[Rwanda]]. Gara yakoze umushinga wa mbere wa cartoon mumwaka wa 2014, urukurikirane rwigisha abana, kandi yizera ko azateza imbere uwo mwuga hamwe nabana babanyaRwanda.<ref>http://www.ipsnews.net/2014/08/tech-entrepreneur-encourages-rwandas-young-women-to-venture-into-ict/</ref> Muri 2018, Gara yashyizweho n’umunyamabanga mukuru [[Umuryango w’Abibumye|w’umuryango w’abibumbye]] António Guterres kuba mu kanama gashinzwe ubufatanye bwa Digital<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://blogs.kent.ac.uk/eda-news/2018/09/04/kent-alumna-from-rwanda-joins-high-level-un-panel-alongside-melinda-gates-and-jack-ma-and-makes-significant-strides-to-change-the-face-of-technology-in-her-country/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-12-07 |archive-date=2021-12-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211207093231/https://blogs.kent.ac.uk/eda-news/2018/09/04/kent-alumna-from-rwanda-joins-high-level-un-panel-alongside-melinda-gates-and-jack-ma-and-makes-significant-strides-to-change-the-face-of-technology-in-her-country/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>. Muri ako kanama, Umunyamabanga mukuru yagize ati: “Ikoranabuhanga rya Digital rigira uruhare runini mu ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’iterambere rirambye kandi bagabanya umwihariko ku mipaka mpuzamahanga. Ni yo mpamvu, ubufatanye mu bihugu byose ndetse no ku mipaka ari ingenzi kugira ngo hamenyekane ubushobozi bw’imibereho n’ubukungu by’ikoranabuhanga hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga ndetse no kugabanya ingaruka ziterwa no kugabanya ingaruka zose zitateganijwe. ” <ref>https://www.un.org/press/en/2018/sga1817.doc.htm/</ref> Gara yasobanuwe nk "umwe mu bagore bake bo mu [[Rwanda]] bateye intambwe igaragara mu guhindura isura y’ikoranabuhanga mu gihugu". Yitabiriye Amahoro Binyuze mu Bucuruzi ndetse n'Ishuri Rikuru ry'Ubuyobozi mu masomo yo guhangana no gutera imbere ndetse muri 2017 yarangije icyiciro cya kabiri cya siyansi mu bumenyi bw'ikoranabuhanga yakuye muri Kobe Institute of Computing . <ref>https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=waK8diEAAAAJ&hl=en</ref> == Icyubahiro == Icyubahiro cyakiriwe na Akaliza Keza Gara kirimo: * Impamyabumenyi y'icyubahiro yo muri kaminuza ya Kent * Umwe mubagize akanama ngishwanama ka Microsoft 4Afrika * Umwe mu bagize [[Umuryango w’Abibumye|akanama k’umuryango w’abibumbye]] ku bufatanye bwa Digital == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Abanyarwandakazi bari muri business]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore mu bucuruzi]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] 9zqj2lhkz7brvqyu6mxkstx07w7zjlv 0 9854 148516 148406 2026-11-03T12:36:30Z Baraka official 17008 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 148516 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mushimiyimana Eugénie''' ni Umunyarwandakazi w’umucuruzi, rwiyemezamirimo akaba n'umuyobozi wa ba rwiyemezamirimo b'abagore mu [[Rwanda]] <ref>https://www.ktpress.rw/psf-chambers-get-new-representatives/</ref> . Azwi cyane ku nyubako 3 nini z'ubucuruzi afite i [[Kigali]] harimo M&M Plaza inyubako y'amagorofa 7 i Gishushu, Remera muri [[Kigali]] <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.igihe.com/mot/ubukungu |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-12-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211206085919/http://www.igihe.com/mot/ubukungu |archive-date=2021-12-06 |url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>https://rushyashya.net/mushimiyimana-umugore-wiyubakiye-imiturirwa-irimo-nufite-amagorofa-arindwi-aravuga-imyato-ubuyobozi-bwiza/</ref> . == ubuzima bwo hambere == [[Dosiye:RuhangoDist.png|thumb|Ruhango aho Eugenie yavukiye]] '''Eugénie''' wavukiye mu [[Akarere ka Ruhango|Karere ka Ruhango]], Intara y'Amajyepfo yakuriye iruhande rwa nyina byamuteye kuba [[Ubucuruzi Mpuzamahanga bw’Ibinyabuzima Bwenda Gucika|umucuruzi]]. Nyuma yo gushyingirwa afite imyaka 27 yabuze umugabo we icyo gihe ubuzima buba bubi noneho ahitamo gukora no gutunga umuryango we. Mu ntangiriro yacuruzaga mu biribwa birimo ibishyimbo, umuceri, amavuta y'imikindo n'ibindi ubucuruzi bwe bwatangiye mu gihugu imbere nyuma bwambuka umupaka abukorera no hanze y'u [[Rwanda]] . nyuma yaje gucuruza peteroli na sima nyuma yimyaka 20 atekereza ku kiruhuko cyizabukuru nyuma yinjira mu mutungo utimukanwa kandi '''Eugénie''' yabaye umuyobozi wungirije wa kabiri w’ishyirahamwe ry’abikorera ku giti cyabo mu [[Rwanda]] (PSF) <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.igihe.com/bahagaze-gute/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-12-06 |archive-date=2021-12-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211206062314/https://www.igihe.com/bahagaze-gute/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/94462/yabuze-umugabo-akiri-muto-ubuzima-buramusharirira-ariko-ubu-afite-umuturirwa-wagaciro-kari-94462.html</ref> <ref>http://www.umuryango.rw/amakuru/mu-rwanda/ubukungu/article/umunyemari-watorewe-kuyobora-psf-yahize-kubaka-ahazajya-habera-imurikagurisha</ref> . == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Abagore mu bucuruzi]] [[Ikiciro:Abanyarwandakazi bari muri business]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] 4gw6abuhnhro22yq3lvheeff7dr3jhc 0 9963 148518 144625 2026-11-03T12:37:21Z Baraka official 17008 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 148518 wikitext text/x-wiki Kaminuza Gatolika y'u Rwanda (CUR ; Catholic University of Rwanda) yashinzwe mu mwaka wa 2010, ni ikigo cyigenga cy’amashuri makuru giherereye mu mujyi wa Butare, [[Intara]] y'Amajyepfo mu Rwanda, ni umugi utuwe n' abaturage bari hagati ya 1.000.000-5.000.000, iyi kaminuza yemewe n'amategeko ndetse yahawe uburenganzira busesuye bwo gutanga ubumenyi na Miniseteri y'uburezi mu Rwanda.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.4icu.org/reviews/15613.htm |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-02-01 |archive-date=2022-02-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220201082818/https://www.4icu.org/reviews/15613.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/ministry-says-graduates-3-private-varsities-not-ready-labour-market</ref> [[Dosiye:St_michel's_cathedral.jpg|thumb|Catholic University of Rwanda]] == Intego, indangagaciro n'icyerekezo cya CUR == === Intego === CUR yiyemeje gutanga uburezi bufite ireme bushingiye kuri Kristo bushingiye ku buryo bwuzuye. Igitekerezo cyo kurema cyavutse kubushake bwo gukomeza gukemura ibibazo bya siyansi n'ikoranabuhanga mu gushyigikira ubumenyi bukomeye butuma abayirangiza bakomeza kuba intangarugero ku isoko ry'umurimo<ref>http://www.cur.ac.rw/?-CUR-</ref> === Icyerekezo === Icyerekezo cya kaminuza ya CUR ni ukuba indashyikirwa mu guteza imbere siyanse, uburezi bw'inyangamugayo kandi ziyemeje kugira uruhare mu mibereho, ubukungu, ikoranabuhanga no guhugura abanyamadini."<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.tertiaryinstitutions.com/inst/RW/uni/462-catholic_university_of_rwanda |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-02-01 |archive-date=2022-02-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220201082820/https://www.tertiaryinstitutions.com/inst/RW/uni/462-catholic_university_of_rwanda |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Indangagaciro === Abayobozi biyi kaminuza batangaza ko izi ari indangagaciro zashyizweho hakurikijwe ibikenewe ku isoko ry'umurimo kandi ko bigomba gutozwa buri munyeshuri wese ugeze muri iyi kaminuza gatolika "Imiyoborere myiza: kwihesha agaciro, ubuyobozi bwiza, kubahiriza uburenganzira bwa muntu, kwihanganirana, guteza imbere uburinganire, ubwenegihugu no gukunda igihugu, ubwisanzure mu masomo: Inshingano z’imibereho ya mwarimu, ibitekerezo bifite intego, Icyerekezo cy’abaturage cyiza, Icyerekezo gikenewe ku isoko: guhanga udushya mu ikoranabuhanga"<ref>http://www.cur.ac.rw/?-Vision-and-Mission-</ref> == Amasomo == Kaminuza Gatolika y'u Rwanda (CUR) igizwe n'amashami atandatu afite icyicaro ku i TABA, [[Akarere ka Huye]], na Alexis KAGAME Campus, Save, [[Akarere ka Gisagara]]. CUR itanga impamyabumenyi ihanitse yemewe mu Rwanda nahandi hose ku isi mu masomo atandukanye<ref>https://universitycompass.com/africa/Rwanda/universities/Catholic-University-of-Rwanda.php</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_universities_in_Rwanda</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://hec.gov.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/DOCUMENTS/Reports/rwanda-final_validation_report.pdf |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-02-01 |archive-date=2024-03-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240313150158/https://hec.gov.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/DOCUMENTS/Reports/rwanda-final_validation_report.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> CUR itanga amasomo y'uburezi ndetse nizindi serivisi nyinshi ku abanyeshuri harimo isomero, hamwe na serivisi z'ubuyobozi. Ifite gahunda eshatu: '''Gahunda yumunsi''', '''Gahunda ya nimugoroba''', '''gahunda ya wikendi'''. Itanga amasomo muri gahunda yimyaka 4 cyangwa 5 iganisha kuri "Bachelors degree" hamwe nigihembo giciriritse kuburyo bukurikira: * Level 1 (Certificate of Higher Education), * Level 2 (Diploma in Higher Education), * Level 3 (Advanced Diploma in Higher Education), * Level 4 (Ordinary Degree), * Level 5 (Bachelor Degree with Honors). Mu mwaka wa 2017 Abanyeshuri 375 bigaga mu mashami atandukanye muri Kaminuza Gatolika y’u Rwanda ikorera i Save mu karere ka Gisagara ikanagira Campus ku Itaba mu mujyi wa Butare, bahawe impamyabumenyi z’icyiciro cya kabiri cya kaminuza<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ar.umuseke.rw/tag/catholic-university-of-rwanda?nocache=1 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-02-01 |archive-date=2022-02-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220201082819/https://ar.umuseke.rw/tag/catholic-university-of-rwanda?nocache=1 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.ktpress.rw/2016/02/they-spent-eight-years-waiting-for-their-graduation/</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Amashuri mu Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Amashuri makuru]] [[Ikiciro:Kaminuza]] [[Ikiciro:Amashuri nakaminuza]] dckpihb2mcsg08hwojvj501nde5tzf2 0 10010 148613 143716 2026-11-03T13:04:34Z Score Beethoven 11559 148613 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox umurenge}} '''Umurenge wa Jarama''' ni umurenge wo mu [[Akarere ka Ngoma|Karere ka Ngoma]], mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]] y'u [[Rwanda]]. Ugizwe n'[[Akagari|utugari]] dutanu. Muri 2022, Umurenge wa Jarama wari utuwe n'abaturage 31 122. Abaturage bose baba mu cyaro. [[Ubuhinzi]] bw'[[Ikigori|ibigori]], ibishyimbo na [[soya]] ni bwo bukorwa cyane. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → [[Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Uturere]] → Imirenge → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Amateka == [[File:RukumberiGenocideMemorial06.jpg|thumb|left|Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Rukumberi, ahashyinguye imibiri yabonetse i Jarama]] Mu gihe cya [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]], Abatutsi benshi bishwe i Jarama. Ubwicanyi bwatangiye ku wa 7 Mata 1994. Ku wa 9 Mata, Abatutsi barenga 200 bishwe mu masaha make. Bamwe bajugunywe mu byobo. Abandi bajugunywe mu bishanga by'Akagera. Impunzi z'Abarundi zo mu nkambi za Sake na Nemba zafatanyije n'[[Interahamwe]] kwica. Nyuma zasubiye mu [[Uburundi|Burundi]]. Imibiri yabonetse yashyinguwe mu [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Rukumberi]].<ref name="newtimes">{{Cite web |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/34778/news/kwibuka/ngoma-survivors-still-haunted-by-burundian-genocide-suspects-who-escaped-justice/amp |title=Ngoma: Survivors still haunted by Burundian genocide suspects who escaped justice |author=Emmanuel Nkangura |website=The New Times |date=2026-04-11 |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> == Ubuso n'abaturage == [[File:Ngoma district map.jpg|thumb|left|Ikarita y'Akarere ka Ngoma]] Umurenge wa Jarama ufite ubuso bwa 91,27 km².<ref name="cp">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/ngoma/5602__jarama/ |title=Jarama (Sector, Rwanda) |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2012, wari utuwe n'abaturage 23 861.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://statistics.gov.rw/sites/default/files/2025-06/Ngoma-District-Profile.pdf |title=Fourth Population and Housing Census, Rwanda, 2012: District Profile Ngoma |publisher=National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda |year=2015 |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, wari utuwe n'abaturage 31 122. Muri bo, abagabo bari 14 942, abagore bari 16 180. Abaturage bose baba mu cyaro.<ref name="nisr2022">{{Cite web |url=https://www.statistics.gov.rw/sites/default/files/2025-05/Ngoma.pdf |title=Fifth Population and Housing Census, Rwanda, 2022: District Profile Ngoma |publisher=National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda |year=2023 |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Ubucucike ni abaturage 341 kuri km².<ref name="cp" /> == Utugari == Umurenge wa Jarama ugizwe n'utugari dutanu: * Ihanika<ref name="isango" /> * Jarama * Karenge<ref name="umwezi" /> * Kibimba * Kigoma == Ubukungu == Ubuhinzi ni bwo bukorwa cyane mu Murenge wa Jarama. Muri 2024, Akarere ka Ngoma kavuze ko Jarama ari wo murenge weza ibigori byinshi mu karere. Jarama ni na wo wa mbere mu kweza ibishyimbo na soya. Muri uyu murenge hari koperative yitwa KOPAMUJA. Ihinga ibigori, ibishyimbo na soya. Muri 2024, yari ifite abanyamuryango 479. Abahinzi bavuga ko umusaruro w'ibigori wavuye kuri toni 1 ugera kuri toni 5 kuri hegitari. Ibyo babikesha [[ifumbire]] n'imbuto z'indobanure.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://muhaziyacu.rw/amakuru/ngoma-ubuhinzi-buvuguruye-bubagejeje-ku-kweza-toni-5-zibigori-kuri-hegitari/ |title=Ngoma: Ubuhinzi buvuguruye bubagejeje ku kweza toni 5 z’ibigori kuri hegitari |author=Angelo Manzi |website=Muhazi Yacu |date=2024-07-05 |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> == Ibikorwa remezo == Muri 2024, Umurenge wa Jarama wari ufite [[ishuri|amashuri]] atanu y'uburezi rusange.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nesa.gov.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/NESA/Announcements/2024__List_of_Accredited_schools_operating_in_Rwanda_October_2024/NGOMA_ACCREDOTED__LIST_SCHOOLS_OCTOBER_2024.pdf |title=List of accredited schools operating in Ngoma District (October 2024) |publisher=National Examination and School Inspection Authority |year=2024 |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> [[File:ISS006-E-24705 - View of Rwanda (cropped Lake Sake).jpg|thumb|left|Ikiyaga cya Sake kigaragara kivuye mu kirere]] Abaturage b'Akagari ka Ihanika bavomaga amazi y'[[Ikiyaga cya Sake]]. Ayo mazi yabateraga indwara. Muri Kamena 2024, inzego z'umutekano zabegereje ivomo. Iryo vomo rivana amazi mu Kiyaga cya Sake, rikayasukura. Amazi abikwa mu bigega bibiri bya litiro 20 000. Ishuri rya Umuka na ryo rivoma kuri iryo vomo.<ref name="isango">{{Cite web |url=https://www.isangostar.rw/ngoma-abavomaga-amazi-y-ikiyaga-cya-sake-begerejwe-ivomo-ninzego-zumutekano |title=Ngoma: Abavomaga amazi y' ikiyaga cya Sake begerejwe ivomo n'inzego z'umutekano |author=Uwajeneza Donatha |website=Isango Star |date=2024-06-20 |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Muri Gicurasi 2017, Polisi y'u Rwanda n'Akarere ka Ngoma bahaye abaturage 98 bo mu Kagari ka Karenge amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba.<ref name="umwezi">{{Cite web |url=https://umwezi.rw/jarama-abaturage-bavanywe-ku-katadowa/ |title=Jarama : Abaturage bavanywe ku katadowa |author=Kagaba Emmanuel |website=Umwezi |date=2017-05-25 |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Ngoma}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Ngoma]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda]] 2fqjdsokcefstnq77l7euix56jk34t3 0 10011 148542 144476 2026-11-03T12:59:17Z NSHUTIYIMANA Moise 17987 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 148542 wikitext text/x-wiki Kaminuza mpuza mahanga ya Rusizi mu magambo y '[[icyongereza]] ni " Rusizi Interantional University (RUI)" ni kamunuza itanga ubumenyi [[Rwanda]] ikaba ihereye mu ntara y 'iburengeruzuba, [[akarere ka Rusizi]] ya kira abanyarwanda na abanyamahanga mu mashami yayo atandukanye, ikaba itanga impamyabumyenyi zitanduka harimo iyi kiciro cya mbere cya kaminuza ni zindi<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.igihe.com/news/mineduc-rusizi-university-exchange-heightens |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-02-11 |archive-date=2022-02-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220211213615/https://en.igihe.com/news/mineduc-rusizi-university-exchange-heightens |url-status=dead }}</ref> . == Amateka == Kamunuza mpuzamahanga ya Rusizi yatangiye mu mwaka wa bihumbi biri na kumi ni ine (2014) itangirana na amashami yayo atandukanye harimo ayubuvuzi bw' abantu nu ubugeneni<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/Rusizi-Urubyiruko-rwa-Rusizi-International-University-rurashimira-Leta-y-Ubumwe</ref>. == Amasomo == Hari amasomo atangwa na kaminuza mpuzamahanga ya Rusizi akurikira: [[Dosiye:Rusizi interna uni.jpg|thumb|Kamunuza Mpuzamahanaga ya Rusizi (RUI)|324x324px]] * Arts & humanities * Medicine & health. == Ubuyobozi == Dr Gahutu Pascal ni wari umuyobozi wa kamuniza mpuza mahanga ya Rusizi <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.igihe.com/education/gahutu-attacks-education-minister-over-rusizi |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-02-11 |archive-date=2022-02-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220211222248/https://en.igihe.com/education/gahutu-attacks-education-minister-over-rusizi |url-status=dead }}</ref> mu ri 2017 == Ibindi wamenya == Kamunuza mpuzamahanga ya Rusizi yigeze guhagarikwa mu mwaka w' ibihumbi bibiri na kumi ni itanu nyuma y 'isuzumwa ryari rimazwe gukorwa na minisiteri y uburezi mu [[Rwanda]] <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.igihe.com/spip.php?page=mv2_article&id_article=36060 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-02-11 |archive-date=2022-02-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220211213614/https://en.igihe.com/spip.php?page=mv2_article&id_article=36060 |url-status=dead }}</ref>. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Kaminuza mu Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Kaminuza]] [[Ikiciro:Kaminuza na amashuri makuru Mu Rwanda]] c27xz4nw0ajafeulq7x2bb08ndsptvx 0 10227 148580 135256 2026-11-03T13:03:12Z NSHUTIYIMANA Moise 17987 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 148580 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Uwineza Josiane''' uzwi nka '''Iman Uwineza''' akaba azwi kandi nka '''Miss Jojo''' (wavutse 1983) ni Umuhanzi [[Rwanda|Nyarwanda]] uririmba mu njyana ya R&amp;B.<ref name="woman">https://archive.today/20130815054840/http://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/index.php?i=14923&a=50957</ref> Umuziki we wibanda ku njyana ya R&B ahuza n'ibicurangisho by'umuziki gakondo.<ref name="Muslim">https://archive.today/20130815054840/http://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/index.php?i=15162&a=60170</ref> == Amateka == [[Dosiye:BugeseraDist.png|thumb|Miss Jojo yavukiye mu karere ka bugesera]] Uwineza yavukiye mu karere ka [[Akarere ka Bugesera|Bugesera]] mu [[Rwanda]] muri 1983, yishimiye kuririmba no kubyina akiri umwana kandi ababyeyi be bamushishikarije guteza imbere impano ye<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/82008/miss-jojo-yibarutse-umukobwa-82008.html</ref>. ndetse miss jojo akaba yararokotse jenocide yakorewe abatutsi muri 1994 gusa ntibyagenze neza yahaburiye nyina umubyara<ref name=":0">https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/107200/miss-jojo-yatanze-bwa-mbere-ubuhamya-bwuko-yarokotse-jenoside-avuga-ko-nta-cyiza-nko-kurok-107200.html</ref> Miss Jojo ndetse akomeza gushishikariza urubyiruko kudaheranywa n'amateka ndetse bagahaguruka bagahangana n'abapfobya jenocide.<ref name=":0" /> == Umwuga wo kuririmba == Uwineza yatangije umwuga we wo kuririmba nyuma yo kwegukana igihembo cya Rector Excellence Award muri 2007 mu cyiciro cya "Best Female Artist" muri [[kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda]], aho yarangirizaga impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu rurimi rw'icyongereza. Miss Jojo yashyize ahagaragara umuzingo we wa mbere (Album) yise "''Genesis" mu'' mwaka wa 2008. <ref name="Muslim" /> Ibyo byakurikiwe no kumurika album ye ya kabiri, ''Woman'', muri 2012. Album ye ya nyuma iteza imbere insanganyamatsiko yo kongerera ubushobozi [[Umugore|abagore]]. Akoresha kandi amagambo ye mu gukangurira urubyiruko ububi bw’ibiyobyabwenge na virusi itera [[SIDA]] kandi yashishikarizaga abanyarwanda kugira uruhare mu bikorwa by’iterambere ry’igihugu no guhitamo neza ejo hazaza habo. Afite uruhare runini mu gutezimbere ibikorwa by'ubutabazi<ref>https://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-africa-19655160</ref>. ndetse uyu [[Umuhanzi Kamariza|muhanzi]] akaba yarahagaritse gukora umuziki muri 2012.<ref name=":0" /> == Ubuzima bwite == Mu 2007 yinjiye mu idini rya [[Islamu|Islam]] ku mugaragaro maze ahindura izina rya Josiane yiyita Iman. Izi mpinduka zashimishije abanyamakuru b'ibitangazamakuru bavuga ko uyu muhanzikazi yahindutse kugira ngo ashimishe umukunzi we ndetse na producer we w'icyo gihe, gusa Uwineza arabihakana . <ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imyidagaduro/muzika/article/miss-jojo-yasezeranye-imbere-y-amategeko</ref><ref>https://umuryango.rw/imyidagaduro/article/saleh-wakundanye-igihe-kinini-na-miss-jojo-yarushinze-amafoto</ref> Mu mwaka wa 2018, Miss Jojo n'umukunzi we Minani Salim bibarutse [[imfura]] yabo y'umwana w'umukobwa<ref>https://www.teradignews.rw/rw/miss-jojo-hamwe-numukunzi-we-baribarutse-muri-iyi-minsi/</ref> == Ibyo Akora == Uwineza Josiane asigaye akora muri Ambasade ya Leta Zunze Ubumwe za [[Amerika]] mu [[Rwanda]] mu [[Umujyi wa Kigali|mujyi wa Kigali]] . Miss Jojo Ubusanzwe mu idini ya Islam aho yaje guhita afata izina rya Iman. uyu ni umwanzuro yafashe abisabwe n’uwari umukunzi we witwa Munyampundu Saleh baje gushwana, Bidatinze yaje kujya mu rukundo n’undi musore witwa Salim Minani maze Aba bombi baza gukora ubukwe bw’agatangaza kuwa Gatandatu tariki ya 29 Nyakanga 2017 .<ref>https://www.teradignews.rw/rw/miss-jojo-hamwe-numukunzi-we-baribarutse-muri-iyi-minsi/</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imyidagaduro/muzika/article/miss-jojo-yasezeranye-imbere-y-amategeko</ref><ref>https://www.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/bwa-mbere-mu-myaka-27-miss-jojo-yatanze-ubuhamya-bw-uko-yarokotse-jenoside</ref> == Ibihembo == ** 2012: Best Female artist (salax) ** 2011: Best Female artist (salax) ** 2010: Best Female artist (salax) ** 2010: Best female artist (ijoro ry'urukundo) ** 2010: Song of the year Siwezi Enda (ijoro ry'urukundo) ** 2009: Pam award (Pearl of Africa Music Award) Best Rwandan female artist ** 2009: Best female artist (salax) ** 2008: Pam award (Pearl of Africa Music Award) Best Rwandan female artist == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Abahanzi]] [[Ikiciro:Abahanzi ba abanyarwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore]] {{Reflist}}12.https://oogle.com/search?q=miss+jojo+amateka+yiwe&oq=miss+jojo&gs_lcrp=EgZjaHJvbWUqCAgAEEUYJxg7MggIABBFGCcYOzIPCAEQLhgUGIcCGNQCGIAEMg8IAhAuGBQYhwIY1AIYgAQyDwgDEC4YFBiHAhjUAhiABDIHCAQQABiABDIGCAUQRRg8MgYIBhBFGDwyBggHEEUYPNIBCDYxODhqMGo3qAIAsAIA&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8 4yby4ghnpixd0u4ezzs6rjc7f5az1hs 0 10261 148888 145948 2026-11-04T11:44:44Z Baraka official 17008 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 148888 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:2010-kodiak-bear-1.jpg|thumb|Ikinyabuzima cyazimiye mu Rwanda]] [[Dosiye:African elephant (Loxodonta africana) 3.jpg|thumb|Ikinyabuzima kibungabungwa mu Rwanda]] [[Dosiye:Mountain gorilla (Gorilla beringei beringei) female 2.jpg|thumb|Ikinyabuzima cyibungabungwa mu Rwanda]] == Kurinda imyanda no Kubungabunga ibinyabuzima == Mu [[Rwanda]], gutumiza no kohereza mu mahanga inyamaswa iyo ari yo yose cyangwa [[ikimera]] bikorwa hakurikijwe amategeko abigenga. Kugira ngo utunge inyamaswa zo mu gasozi cyangwa ibikomoka ku nyamaswa zo mu gasozi cyangwa se kubunza, kugurisha, kugurana no gucuruza inyamaswa zo mu gasozi, bibanza gusabirwa uruhushya rwihariye rutangwa n’urwego rufite ubukerarugendo mu nshingano zarwo. Naho imyanda iyo ari yo yose, cyane cyane ituruka mu bitaro, mu bigo nderabuzima no mu mavuriro, mu bigo by’ubushakashatsi bikoresha za laboratwari, mu nganda n’indi myanda yose yateza impanuka cyangwa yahumanya, igomba gukusanywa, gutunganywa no guhindurwa ku buryo bidahumanya ibidukikije hagamijwe gukumira, kuvanaho cyangwa kugabanya ingaruka mbi zayo ku buzima bw’abantu, umutungo kamere n’ibidukikije. == Amakuru ku kubungabunga ibinyabuzima ni imyanda == Umuyobozi w’Ishami rya [[CNRU]] rishinzwe Ubumenyi, Ikoranabuhanga na Inovasiyo, Ingénieur Dominique Mvunabandi avuga ko ahandi ku isi Urubyiruko rwamaze kubaka ihuriro rikorana na Leta z’ibihugu byabo, imiryango itari iya Leta n’abikorera, mu rwego rwo gucunga ibyanya bikomye, agasaba urubyiruko rw’u [[Rwanda]] kubigiraho.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ibidukikije/ibungabunga/article/abiga-muri-kaminuza-basabwe-kubungabunga-urusobe-rw-ibinyabuzima-mu-byanya-bikomye</ref> CNRU ivuga ko ibyanya bikomye mu [[Rwanda]] ari ubuturo bw’inyamaswa zitandukanye harimo [[ingagi]] n’inguge ziri mu nzira zo gukendera ku isi.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ibidukikije/ibungabunga/article/abiga-muri-kaminuza-basabwe-kubungabunga-urusobe-rw-ibinyabuzima-mu-byanya-bikomye</ref>Umukozi ushinzwe Amasezerano Mpuzamahanga ajyanye n’Ibidukikije [Basel convention on Transboundary movement of chemical and hazardous waste],yavuzeko imyanda izanwa mu [[Rwanda]] hagendewe kumasezerano yashyizweho umukono mu 1989 atangira gushyirwa mubikorwa 1992.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://igihe.com/ibidukikije/ibungabunga/article/rema-yaburiye-abinjiza-imyanda-mu-gihugu-binyuranyije-n-amategeko |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-03 |archive-date=2022-01-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119010957/https://www.igihe.com/ibidukikije/ibungabunga/article/rema-yaburiye-abinjiza-imyanda-mu-gihugu-binyuranyije-n-amategeko |url-status=dead }}</ref> == A ho wasanga ayandi makuru == == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} rexhq5kmc72p2ge42r873qnz2loeh2p 0 10389 148607 145385 2026-11-03T13:04:22Z NSHUTIYIMANA Moise 17987 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|1 */ 148607 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Joy Mukanyange.png|thumb|Joy Mukanyange in 2013]] '''Joy Mukanyange''' n'umudipolomate [[Rwanda|w'umunyarwandakazi]] akaba n'umurwanashyaka kuburenganzira bwa muntu. Yabaye ambasaderi w'u [[Rwanda]] muri [[Tanzaniya]] nyuma muri [[Kenya]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/node/861940 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-07 |archive-date=2022-05-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220507093619/https://www.newtimes.co.rw/node/861940 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/rwanda-today/news/rwandan-politicians-who-once-called-the-shots-where-are-they-now--1353442</ref>. == Ubuzima == Joy Mukanyange yakuriye i Gikongoro arerwa n'umuryango urwanya amakimbirane. Nyuma y’ibitero byibasiye abatutsi mu [[Rwanda]] kuko umuryango we wahunze mu 1959 ujya mu nkambi y’impunzi muri [[Uganda]]<ref name="isec">[https://www.inclusivesecurity.org/network-bio/joy-mukanyange/ Joy Muknyange], InclusiveSecrity.org, Retrieved 29 March 2016</ref>. Nyuma yimukiye mu majyepfo ya [[Uganda]]. Yagiye muri kaminuza ya Makerere muri [[Uganda]] arangiza afite ubuvanganzo. Mu myaka ya za 1980, yabaye i [[Nairobi]] muri [[Kenya]], aho yari umunyamabanga w'ishyirahamwe rya Nyampinga association ryitaga ku mpunzi z'u [[Rwanda]] muri [[Kenya]].<ref>https://www.therwandan.com/ki/madame-angelique-kantengwa-yishe-itegeko-rya-munyangire/</ref> <ref name="isec" /> Nyuma ya jenoside yakorewe abatutsi mu [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Rwanda]], yabaye Ambasaderi w’u [[Rwanda]] muri [[Tanzaniya]] <ref name="isec"/> kandi yari umuyobozi w’u [[Rwanda]] witabiriye igihano cy’uwahoze ari Minisitiri w’intebe muri Nzeri 1998 [[Jean Kambanda]] . <ref name="lat">[http://articles.latimes.com/1998/sep/05/news/mn-19750 Rwandan Ex-Premier Gets Life Term], Ann M. Simmons, 5 September 1998, LA Times, Retrieved 29 March 2016</ref> == umwuga == Mu 1999 yabaye Ambasaderi w'u [[Rwanda]] muri [[Kenya]] yayoboye kugeza mu 2002. <ref name="isec"/> Mukanyange yahagarariye igihugu cye bihoraho muri UNEP na UNCHS. <ref>[http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20040702061637/http://www.unep.org/ROA/docs/ROA%20news/roa%20news%202edition.pdf A message from the exec director], UNEP, Retrieved 29 March 2016</ref> Muri 2014 yatangaje ko hari iterambere ryiza igihugu cye kimaze gutera mu bijyanye no guteza imbere uburinganire. Ibi byari mu nshingano ze nk'umuvugizi w'ubujyanama kuri politike afite icyicaro i [[Kigali]]. yavuze ko Guverinoma y'u [[Rwanda]] igizwe na 64% by'[[Umugore|abagore]], nubwo iyi mibare ihinduka cyane muri guverinoma. 50% by'ubucamanza ni abagore nubwo ari 30% gusa mu nkiko za Gacaca . 98% by'abagore bo mu [[Rwanda]] bitaweho mbere yo kubyara kandi abakobwa biyandikisha mu mashuri barenze abahungu kandi bombi bari hejuru - kugeza hejuru ya 95%. <ref name="bei">[https://web.archive.org/web/20160414032305/http://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/article/2014-06-06/75874/ Beijing declaration: How did Rwanda perform?], Ivan Ngoboka, NewTimes, Retrieved 29 March 2016</ref><ref>http://africarealities.blogspot.com/2014/09/rwandalibre-rwanda-bamwe-mu-banyarwanda.html</ref> == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Umunyarwandakazi]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore ba abayobozi]] {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Politiki y'urwanda]] da40mmvdamp9isppo5kvbxcqcybi4de 0 10395 148785 138389 2026-11-03T15:44:57Z Score Beethoven 11559 148785 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Malaika Uwamahoro''' (wahoze ari '''Angel Uwamahoro''', yavutse 1990) ni umukinnyi wa filime wavukiye mu [[Rwanda]], kandi ni umusizi, umuririmbyi, ni umuntu ukunda guharanira ubutabera .<ref name="AN">http://amsterdamnews.com/news/2019/apr/18/miracle-rwanda-shows-power-faith-love-forgiveness/</ref> <ref name="For">https://www.forbesafrica.com/arts/2020/05/03/our-home-became-the-film-set-blankets-became-props-windows-became-locations/</ref> <ref name="MIR">https://www.newtimes.co.rw/entertainment/malaika-uwamahoro-starring-miracle-rwanda</ref> Aba i Portland, Maine, muri [[Amerika]]. == Ubuzima bwo hambere == Uwamahoro yavukiye mu [[Rwanda]] mu 1990, avukira mu muryango wahuye n’ingaruka zikomeye z’amateka y’igihugu. Mu 1994, ubwo habaga Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, nyina yahisemo guhungana na we kugira ngo barokoke, berekeza mu Uganda. Muri Uganda, babayeho nk’impunzi mu gihe cy’imyaka irindwi. Ubuzima bwo mu buhungiro bwari bugoye, ariko bwamwigishije kwihangana, gukomera ku muco we, no guharanira ejo heza. Uko gukurira mu mahanga byatumye amenya imico itandukanye kandi agira ubumenyi bwagutse ku buzima mpuzamahanga. Mu 2001, umuryango waje kwimukira muri United States, aho yakomeje amashuri ye. Gukura mu gihugu gishya byamusabye kwiga ururimi n’umuco mushya, ariko byanamufashije kugaragaza impano ye mu bijyanye n’ubuhanzi n’ikinamico. Nyuma y’amashuri yisumbuye, yinjiye muri Fordham University i New York City, aho yize amasomo y’ikinamico (Theatre Arts) akabona impamyabumenyi ihanitse y’ubuhanzi (Bachelor of Fine Arts). Icyo gihe ni bwo yatangiye kugaragaza neza ko azakoresha ubuhanzi nk’inzira yo kuvuga amateka, gusigasira ukuri no gufasha abandi gusobanukirwa ubuzima bwahuye n’ibikomere by’amateka. == Umwuga == === Filime === Yagaragaye muri filime ya Tomas Petkovski yo muri 2018, ''LoveLess Generation'' . <ref name="Lov">https://m.imdb.com/title/tt9098680/?ref_=m_nm_knf_t2</ref> Mubiganiro bya tereviziyo byakozwe muri uwo mwaka na Tola Olatunji bise, ''Yankee Hustle'', binagaragaramo Jide Kosoko, Uche Jombo, Kara Rainer n'abandi, akina nka "Princess". <ref name="Yan">https://m.imdb.com/title/tt8883238/?ref_=m_nm_knf_i3</ref> Muri 2019, yagaragaye muri filime iyobowe n'umukinnyi wa firime ukomoka muri Afuganisitani Atiq Rahimi, ''Our Lady of the Nile'' ( [[Igifaransa|Igifaransa:]] ''Notre-Dame du Nil'' ). <ref name="Our">https://m.imdb.com/title/tt8690948/?ref_=m_nm_knf_i1</ref> <ref>https://www.planocritico.com/critica-nossa-senhora-do-nilo/</ref> <ref>https://variety.com/2019/film/reviews/film-review-our-lady-of-the-nile-1203325073/</ref> <ref>https://cineuropa.org/en/newsdetail/377814/</ref> <ref>https://www.broadwayworld.com/los-angeles/article/Drive-In-to-theOpening-Night-Films-from-Method-Fest-20200818</ref> yongeye kugaragara mu ikinamico yo hanze ya Broadway na Leslie Lewis Sword na Edward Vilga bise,''Miracle in Rwanda'' . <ref>https://www.playbillplanocritico.com/article/miraclecritica-innossa-rwandasenhora-willdo-arrive-off-broadway-this-springnilo/</ref> Kuri iyikiinamico, yatowe mu cyiciro cyiza cya ''Solo Performance'' muri VIV Award 2019. <ref>https://www.playbill.com/article/the-secret-life-of-bees-much-ado-about-nothing-lead-2019-audelcos-viv-award-nominations</ref> <u>Umuziki</u> Mu rwego rw’umuziki, Uwamahoro yagaragaye mu mashusho y’indirimbo ''“Stickin’ 2 You”'' y’umuririmbyi w’Umunyarwanda Mucyo. Iyo ndirimbo yakozwe na Eloi El. Kugaragara kwe muri ayo mashusho byagaragaje ubufatanye hagati y’abahanzi bo mu nzego zitandukanye, aho yahuje ubunararibonye bwe mu gukina n’ubuhanzi bw’umuziki. Nubwo atazwi cyane nk’umuririmbyi, uruhare rwe muri iyo ndirimbo rwerekanye ko ashobora no kwitabira ibikorwa by’umuziki binyuze mu gukina amashusho (music video appearance) no gufatanya n’abandi bahanzi mu mishinga y’ubuhanzi. Ibi byagize uruhare mu kumwubakira isura nk’umuhanzi ufite impano nyinshi kandi ushobora gukorana n’abahanzi batandukanye mu guteza imbere ubuhanzi nyarwanda. === <u>'''Ibisigo'''</u> === Yakinnye ku munsi mpuzamahanga wo kwibuka Jenoside yakorewe abatutsi mu [[Rwanda]] mu 2017. <ref name="UN">{{Cite web |url=https://news.un.org/en/story/2017/04/554942-learn-lessons-rwanda-says-un-chief-calling-future-tolerance-human-rights-all |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-07 |archive-date=2020-11-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112024441/https://news.un.org/en/story/2017/04/554942-learn-lessons-rwanda-says-un-chief-calling-future-tolerance-human-rights-all |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yamenyekanye nk'umwe mu bahanzi bitabiriye ibirori bya DanceAfrica 2019. <ref>https://bklyner.com/weekend-art-events-may-24-26/</ref> Muri 2020, mugihe cya guma mu rugo, bavugaga ko yanditse igisigo, ''I Don't Mind!'' .Yari umwe mu batanze ibiganiro batoranijwe kugira ngo bavugire mu nama y'abagore bayoboye Forbes Woman Africa 2020, yabereye i Durban, muri [[Afurika y'Epfo]]. <ref>https://mediaupdate.co.za/media/148105/2020-fwa-leading-women-summit-announces-its-speaker-line-up</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Abagore]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore ba bahanzi]] [[Ikiciro:Umunyarwandakazi]] 6gpem9aogvo5h8r98me2zqxm6hjwqvh 0 10451 148769 144830 2026-11-03T15:44:12Z Score Beethoven 11559 148769 wikitext text/x-wiki == Amavu n'amavuko == Clarisse Uwineza n'umunyarwandakazi,umuvugabutumwa akaba n'[[Umubyeyi Sharifa|umubyeyi]] wabana babiri, uyu mugore kandi numunyamakuru ukorera [[Ikigo gishinzwe iterambere mu Rwanda|ikigo]] cy'igihugu cyitangaza makuru (RBA) ukunzwe nabatari bake hano murwanda<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/sinema/article/yarwaye-covid-19-inshuro-ebyiri-na-kanseri-ibyo-utamenye-ku-buzima-bwa-uwineza |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-10 |archive-date=2022-04-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220430190501/https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/sinema/article/yarwaye-covid-19-inshuro-ebyiri-na-kanseri-ibyo-utamenye-ku-buzima-bwa-uwineza |url-status=dead }}</ref> . == Umwuga == Uwineza amaze imyaka irenga 17 yinjiye Umumwuga witangazamakuru akaba yaranaryize muri kaminuza y'ishuri gatolika rya kabgayi (ICK).Yatangiriye akazi kuri Radio Maria Rwanda yahamaze imyaka irindwi ahavuye ajya gukorera kuri Radio salus iherereye mucyahoze ari Butare naho yahamaze imyaka ibiriri ahavuye nibwo yaje gukorera Radio Rwanda kuva (2010)<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://nkundagospel.rw/2022/02/23/byinshi-kuri-clarisse-uwineza-umunyamakuru-akaba-numukristu/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-10 |archive-date=2022-02-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220223181045/https://nkundagospel.rw/2022/02/23/byinshi-kuri-clarisse-uwineza-umunyamakuru-akaba-numukristu/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> kugera ubungubu Clarisse yumvikana mubiganiro bitandukanye birimo "kazi ni kazi,Amahumbezina ntarungu" ntarungu nikiganiro gikunzwe na benshii aho yibanda kukwigisha k'urukundo ndetse no gususurutsa abantu mumasaha y'ijoro. == Ibyutamenye. == <ref><nowiki>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/86999/umunyamakuru-clarisse-uwineza-wa-rba-yavuze-ibihe-bikomeye-yanyuzemo-muri-2018-birimo-no-g-86999.html</nowiki></ref>Clarisse Uwineza uzwi nka"Clara" Uzwi mubiganiro byurukundo mumasaha yijoro kuri Radiyo Rwanda Avuga ko taliki 23 Ukwakira atazayibagirwa mubuzima bwe, kuko iyo Taliki aribwo yibweho Umwana we winfura. gusa Uwo mwana yaje kumubona nyuma y'umwaka nigice ahamagawe numuntu uba hanze Y'Igihugu<ref><nowiki>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/71682/ubuhamya-bw-umunyamakuru-clarisse-uwineza-bw-uko-yibwe-umwan-71682.html</nowiki></ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Mumwaka 2020 nibwo uyumugore yatangiye gukina film aho yagaragaye muri film y'uruhererekane yitwa Indoto na city maid bica kuri Televison [[Rwanda]] ,iyimampano yogukina [[Filimi ya Seburikoko|film]] ayifatanya nitangazamakuru ndetse nivugabutumwa, aho afite ubuhamya bwuko yarwaye cancer y'inkondo yumura ndetse anarwaye COVID-19 ubugira kabiri hamwe nabana be babiri. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore]] br7coyv7hnj76agqdv8o7epxk8yid6m 0 10467 148791 139014 2026-11-03T15:45:09Z Score Beethoven 11559 148791 wikitext text/x-wiki Rwigamba Rica ni umunyarwandakazi, inzobere mubijyanye n'ubukerarugendo<ref>https://www.cnbcafrica.com/latest-video/rica%20rwigamba/</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.washingtontimes.com/topics/rica-rwigamba/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-11 |archive-date=2022-05-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220511143221/https://www.washingtontimes.com/topics/rica-rwigamba/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>yabaye umuyobozi mu ishami ry'ubukerarugendo mu ikigo k'igihugu gishinzwe iterambere RDB<ref name=":0">https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/63123/umubyeyi-rica-rwigamba-wahoze-ayobora-ubukerarugendo-muri-rdb-yashyize-hanze-igitabo-yise--63123.html</ref>. == Amashuri == Rica Rwigamba yize amashuri yisumbuye ku ikigo cy'amashuri cya St Marys School kuva 1995 kugera 1997 mu ishami ry'[[Ubukungu bw'Afurika|ubukungu]]-[[icyongereza]] n'[[igifaransa]] ( Economy-English literature and French), nyuma yakomereje amasomo ye muri kaminuza ya Makerere muri [[Ubugande|Uganda]] kuva 1998 kugera 2001 mu ishami ry'ububanyi n'amahanga. Nyuma yo gusoza kaminuza yakomerejeho ikiciro cya gatatu cya kaminuza (Master of Business administration) muri Kaminuza ya [https://www.oc.edu/ Oklahoma Christian University] kuva 2014 kugera 2016. == Amateka y'umuryango ahagarariye == [[Dosiye:MCF Logo.jpg|thumb|Rica yabaye umuyobozi mukuru wagateganyo wa mastercard foundation mu Rwanda]] Rica ubu ni umuyobozi mukuru wa gateganyo wa [https://mastercardfdn.org/ Mastercard Foundation] mu Rwanda; ikomatanya ubuyobozi, kwihangira imirimo n'imibereho myiza. Ibi byagize ingaruka nziza ku rugendo rwe ubwo yakoraga muri guverinoma, abikorera ndetse n’imiryango mpuzamahanga ishyigikira guhanga imirimo ku rubyiruko. Intandaro ya byose, ni rwiyemezamirimo kumutima. Rica yihatira kwerekana ibyiza mu bantu itanga ubuyobozi, inkunga no kubatera inkunga mu rugendo rwabo rugana ku ntsinzi.Rica usanzwe ari igihugu Umuyobozi wa Mastercard Foundation mu Rwanda; ikomatanya ishyaka ry'ubuyobozi, kwihangira imirimo n'ingaruka z'imibereho. Ibi byagize ingaruka ku rugendo rwe ubwo yakoraga muri guverinoma, abikorera ndetse n’imiryango mpuzamahanga ishyigikira guhanga imirimo ku rubyiruko. Intandaro ya byose, ni rwiyemezamirimo kumutima. Rica yihatira kwerekana ibyiza mu bantu aho atanga ubujyanama m'ubuyobozi, inkunga n'ibitekerezo bibafasha kugera ku ntsinzi.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/224781</ref> == Umwuga == Ugushyingo 2017 kugera Werurwe 2019 ya umuyobozi wa gahunda (Program manager) muri Mastercard foundation Rwanda, uyu mwanya yawukozeho umwaka n'amezi atanu. Muri Mata 2019 kugera Kanama 2019 yabaye umuyobozi mukuru wa gahunda (Senior Program manager) muri mastercard foundation, umwanya yamazeho amezi atanu gusa. Kanama 2019 nyuma yo gusoza inshingano yari afite zo kuba umuyobozi mukuru wa gahunda muri mastercard foundation, Rica yatangiye izindi nshingano muri uyu muryango nk'umuyobozi mukuru (country director of Mastercard Foundation), amaze imyaka ibiri kuri uyu mwanya. Mu biganiro byahuje Mastercard foundation n'ikigo cy'igihugu gishinzwe iterambere n'ubukerarugendo RDB, Rica Rwigamba yagize ati; "Ubufatanye dufitanye na RDB ni intambwe igaragara mu cyerekezo cyiza cyo kugera ku ntsinzi ya gahunda ya Hanga Ahazaza no gufasha urubyiruko gutera imbere mu bukerarugendo no mu kwakira abashyitsi mu Rwanda"<ref>https://rdb.rw/rdb-mastercard-foundation-sign-strategic-partnership-to-connect-young-rwandans-to-dignified-work-in-tourism-and-hospitality/</ref> == Ibyagezweho == Rica Rwigamba wamenyekanye cyane ayobora ishami ry'ubukerarugendo muri RDB, yanditse igitabo kitwa "Kibuno mpa amaguru" iki gitabo kiri mu bwoko bw'ibitabo byo gufasha abana kwidagadura hakoreshejwe ibishushanyo byinshi n'amagambo make.<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore ba abayobozi]] [[Ikiciro:Imiryango idaharanira inyungu]] [[Ikiciro:Ubukungu bw’Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Ubukungu bw’u Rwanda]] j5vvnmbbx37tg4khpu0iy4lvcld3woq 0 10479 148782 144130 2026-11-03T15:44:50Z Score Beethoven 11559 148782 wikitext text/x-wiki Uwituze Solange ni umunyapolitiki w'umunyarwandakazi wavutse 1974 akaba n' umuyobozi mukuru wungirije ushinzwe ubushakashatsi n'ikoranabuhanga mu kigo gishinzwe iterambere ry’ubuhinzi n’ubworozi no gusakaza ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi (Deputy Director General in charge of animal resources research and technology transfer) RAB kuva mu 2018. Yashyizwe mu Nama y'Ubuyobozi y'Ikigo gishinzwe iterambere ry'u Rwanda ('''[[:en:Rwanda_Development_Board|RDB]]''') mu 2020 . <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20180430223311/http://www.kigaliwomen.com/spip.php?article782</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda_Development_Board</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solange_Uwituze#cite_note-3</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solange_Uwituze#cite_note-2</ref> == Amashuri == [[Dosiye:Kansas State University Holton Hall.jpg|thumb|Kaminuza ya Kansas state Madame Uwituze Solange yizemo]] Ni umufatanyabikorwa washinze ishuri ry'ubumenyi mu Rwanda (RAS). Afite impamyabumenyi ya PhD na MSc mu bumenyi bw'inyamaswa yakuye muri kaminuza ya Leta ya [https://ku.edu/ Kansas], muri [[Amerika]]. Yabonye impamyabumenyi y'ikiciro cya kabiri cya Kaminuza muri kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda, mu 2002 aguma muri kaminuza ari umunyamabanga w’amasomo mu ishami ry’ubushakashatsi mu buhinzi. Uwituze azana mubuyobozi bwa KCRC (Kigali collaborative research center) imyaka 18 yumwuga mwinshi mumashuri makuru yubuhinzi, ubushakashatsi, nimiyoborere yimishinga myinshi.<ref>https://www.kcrc.rw/?page_id=306</ref> === Amateka n'indimi akunda === Uwituze yavukiye mu Rwanda, yakuriye mu rugo ruvuga cyane [[igifaransa]] kandi yifuzaga kuva akiri muto kwiga [[icyongereza]] no kwiga muri Amerika, cyane cyane bitewe n'iterambere rya meritokarasi ku bagore bo muri Amerika. Mu gihe cya jenoside yo mu Rwanda mu 1994, abantu benshi bo mu muryango we barishwe, barimo se na barumuna be babiri, bituma yiyemeza kugira icyo akora mu buzima bwe kandi afite intego irenze ihohoterwa ryabaye.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solange_Uwituze</ref> == Umusanzu we == Uwituze ni Umufatanyabikorwa washinze Ishuri Rikuru ry’Ubumenyi aho ayoboye igice cy’ubuhinzi n’ibidukikije. Ni umwe mu bagize komite ishinzwe ubumenyi mu Ihuriro rikurikira rya Einstein, igikorwa cya Institute of African Science Mathematical Science (AIMS).<ref>https://gender-summit.com/gs14-speakers-b/1923-solange-uwituze</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solange_Uwituze#cite_note-5</ref> == Akazi == Kuva Gicurasi 2018 ni umuyobozi mukuru wungirije ushinzwe ubushakashatsi n'ikoranabuhanga mu kigo gishinzwe iterambere ry’ubuhinzi n’ubworozi no gusakaza ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi (RAB). Yabaye Umuyobozi wa Gahunda y'Ubufatanye no gucunga Ubucuruzi mu Ihuriro rya Kaminuza zo mu Karere mu kongera ubushobozi mu buhinzi (RUFORUM) kuva Mutarama 2017 kugera Mata 2018. Ukwakira 2014 kugera Ukuboza 2016 Yabanje kuba Umuyobozi wa RUFORUM ushinzwe amahugurwa no kwizeza ubuziranenge. Yabaye Umuyobozi w'ishami ry'ubuhinzi, [[kaminuza y'u Rwanda]] (UR)<ref>https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Solange-Uwituze</ref>. == Ubuyobozi == Afite uburambe bwimyaka 10 mubuyobozi no gucunga imishinga itandukanye yubaka ubushobozi. Yabaye umuyobozi wumushinga wa gahunda yubuyobozi bwabagore mubuhinzi muri [https://web.archive.org/web/20220513130535/https://www.usaid.gov/rwanda USAID] / HED. Yakoze nk'umuyobozi wumushinga wa NICHE muri NUFFIC kugirango atezimbere Agroforestry / Amashyamba / Ikigo Cyagura Ubuhinzi muri Kaminuza y'u Rwanda UR. == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Abagore]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore ba abayobozi]] [[Ikiciro:Abanyapolitiki]] [[Ikiciro:Ubushakashatsi]] [[Ikiciro:Ubukungu bw’u Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ubukungu bw’Afurika]] eg0ujqzqkp0gy5b7ypzi9ep51fuo0s7 0 10485 148773 146576 2026-11-03T15:44:19Z Score Beethoven 11559 148773 wikitext text/x-wiki Ni umunyarwandakazi akaba ari umuhuzabikorwa w'umushinga muri Kigali Collaborative Research Center ('''KCRC'''). Ni inzobere mu itumanaho no gucunga imishinga, afite ubuhanga muri Microsoft Excel, Serivisi zabakiriya, ijambo rya Microsoft, Igenamigambi, hamwe na Microsoft Office<ref name=":0">https://www.kcrc.rw/?page_id=343</ref>.<ref>https://www.zoominfo.com/p/Sonia-Umwari/2382360237</ref> == Amashuri == Sonia Umwali afite impamyabumenyi y'ikiciro cya kabiri muri Computer Science yavanye muri Kaminuza y'u Rwanda, afite uburambe bunini mu micungire y'imishinga, itumanaho, kwamamaza no gutegura ibirori.<ref name=":0" /> == Akazi == Afite uburambe bwimyaka 5 mugushyira mu bikorwa imishinga itandukanye nko muri ICT, Imari, Kongera ubushobozi bw'urubyiruko n'ubuhinzi. Ni umuhuzabikorwa w'umushinga muri Kigali Collaborative Research Center (KCRC)<ref name=":0" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Abagore]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore mu bucuruzi]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore ba abayobozi]] gz4yiwd21w3x4ifx6f5i5r8qs98f9bi 0 10486 148774 139020 2026-11-03T15:44:21Z Score Beethoven 11559 148774 wikitext text/x-wiki Uwingeneye Joyeuse ni umunyapolitiki w'umunyarwandakazi akaba umuyobozi mukuru w' ikigo gishinzwe gutanga amasoko mu [[Rwanda]] (RPPA). Mbere yo kwinjira muri RPPA, Joyeuse yagiye akora imyanya itandukanye mu Nama ishinzwe iterambere ry’u Rwanda ndetse no mu bikorera kuva mu 2008. Ni umwe mu bagize inama y’inzego za Leta 2 kandi afite impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu bijyanye n’amabanki n’imari (Politiki y’imari y’imari) ) na Bachelor of Economics .<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://blogs.worldbank.org/team/uwingeneye-joyeuse |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-12 |archive-date=2023-02-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230211022535/https://blogs.worldbank.org/team/uwingeneye-joyeuse |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://rppa.gov.rw/index.php?id=558 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-12 |archive-date=2021-11-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211111153117/https://rppa.gov.rw/index.php?id=558 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>http://isangostar.rw/spip.php?page=article&id_article=3813</ref><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/private-sector-seeks-review-public-procurement-laws</ref> == Amateka == UWINGENEYE Joyeuse ni Umuyobozi Mukuru w’ikigo gishinzwe gutanga amasoko ya Leta mu Rwanda, Urwego rushinzwe kugenzura ibikorwa byashinzwe kugenzura imitunganyirize, isesengura n’ubugenzuzi mu bijyanye n’amasoko ya Leta no kugira inama Guverinoma n’inzego zose zitanga amasoko ya Leta kuri politiki n'ingamba mu bijyanye no gutunganya imitunganyirize y'amasoko ya Leta<ref>https://www.apollo.io/people/Uwingeneye/Joyeuse/54a534aa7468692fa267d885</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://rdb.rw/contracts/UMUBANO_INDUSTRY.pdf |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-12 |archive-date=2022-05-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220512044923/https://rdb.rw/contracts/UMUBANO_INDUSTRY.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://ewsdata.rightsindevelopment.org/files/documents/77/WB-P176477_e8NHe0a.pdf</ref> Mu ijambo rye mu Ihuriro rya 13 ryo gutanga amasoko muri Afrika yuburasirazuba ryabereye mu Rwanda Madamu Joyeuse yagize ati "COVID-19 yabaye umusemburo w'amasoko yihutirwa. Icyorezo cyaduhatiye gufata icyemezo runaka ku byemezo bimwe na bimwe. Hamwe n'ihuriro rishinzwe gutanga amasoko muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba (EAPF), tuzashobora kuganira ku bibazo bijyanye n'amasoko ya Leta, ndetse tunabashe gufata imyanzuro ifatika ishobora kugira ingaruka nziza ku murenge wacu".<ref>https://www.ktpress.rw/2021/04/featured-rwanda-to-host-13th-east-african-procurement-forum/</ref><ref>https://www.rba.co.rw/post/RPPA-yasabye-ba-rwiyemezamirimo-kurangwa-nubunyangamugayo</ref><ref>https://www.rba.co.rw/post/RPPA-yasabye-ba-rwiyemezamirimo-kurangwa-nubunyangamugayo</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.kigali.mofa.go.ug/data-dnews-265-EXECUTIVE-DIRECTOR-OF-PUBLIC-PROCUREMENT-AND-DISPOSAL-OF-PUBLIC-ASSETS-(PPDA)-MR.-BENSON-TUMURAMYE-RECEIVING-THE-MANTLE-FOR-ORGANIZING-THE-14TH-EAPF-SCHEDULED-FOR-2022-IN-UGANDA..html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-12 |archive-date=2021-07-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210730012118/https://kigali.mofa.go.ug/data-dnews-265-EXECUTIVE-DIRECTOR-OF-PUBLIC-PROCUREMENT-AND-DISPOSAL-OF-PUBLIC-ASSETS-(PPDA)-MR.-BENSON-TUMURAMYE-RECEIVING-THE-MANTLE-FOR-ORGANIZING-THE-14TH-EAPF-SCHEDULED-FOR-2022-IN-UGANDA..html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashuri == Uwingeneye Joyeuse yize ikiciro cya kabiri cy'amashuri makuru mu masomo y'ubukungu yabonye 2002-2007 muri [[Kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda|kaminuza nkuru y'u Rwanda]], yakomereje amasomo ye muri kaminuza ya [[kenya]] yigisha ibijyanye nimicungire n'umutungo w'amafaranga ([https://web.archive.org/web/20240527213645/https://campusnairobi.mu.ac.ke/ Moi university]/ [https://ksms.or.ke/ Kenya school of monetary studies)] aho yavanye impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga muri banki n’imari, politiki y’imari 2011-2013 (Masters in banking and finance, financial sector policy).<ref>https://appn-racop.org/professionalization-of-public-procurement-and-capacity-building-uwingeneye-joyeuse-presents-rwandas-experiences/</ref> == Akazi == Uwingeneye Joyeuse kuva 2008-2011 yabaye Umuyobozi w'ishami rya UMWALIMU SACCO RWANDA. Yabaye Umusesenguzi wo Kwamamaza mu ikigo gishinzwe iterambere ry’u Rwanda (RDB) Mutarama 2019 - Nyakanga 2019. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Abagore]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore ba abayobozi]] [[Ikiciro:Ubukungu bw’u Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ubukungu bw’Afurika]] sk6gq02in3z2vdh2r24y07yexr40ro4 0 10541 148545 137895 2026-11-03T13:00:27Z NSHUTIYIMANA Moise 17987 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 148545 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Karen Bugingo.jpg|thumb|Karen Bugingo wanditse My name is life]] '''Karen Bugingo''' (wavutse 1992) ni Umwanditsi w'ibitabo akaba akaba yarakize [[kanseri]] akanayandikaho [[igitabo]] cyitwa My name is Life.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.eachamps.rw/article/5256/Karen-Bugingo-wakize-kanseri-akabyandiho-igitabo-yakimurikitse-i-Kampala |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-13 |archive-date=2019-05-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190527143831/http://www.eachamps.rw/article/5256/Karen-Bugingo-wakize-kanseri-akabyandiho-igitabo-yakimurikitse-i-Kampala |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ubuzima Bwite == Karen bugingo yavukiye i kigali ababyeyi be bapfuye muri Genocide yakorewe abatutsi, amashuri abanza yayize muri La Colombiere ayisumbuye ayarangiriza muri Lycee de [[kigali]], kaminuza ayiga Mount [[kenya]] aho yize ibyerekeye itangazamakuru.<ref>https://umutihealth.com/karen-bugingo-wakize-kanseri/</ref> == Ibyerekeye igitabo cye == Igitabo cye kivuga kurugendo rwe nurugamba yarwanye rwa kanseri yarwanye kugeza ayikize avugako mubusanzwe akunda kwandika My name is Life akaba aricyo gitabo cya mbere yanditse akaba yararwaye kanseri yo mubwoko bwa Lymphoma izwi nka kanseri yo mumaraso.<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/80636/umunyeshuri-wo-muri-mount-kenya-university-warwaye-cancer-ak-80636.html</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore ba bahanzi]] dg15hcofksdzim3o4khve8n7qr1nj5k 0 10568 148790 138772 2026-11-03T15:45:07Z Score Beethoven 11559 148790 wikitext text/x-wiki == Ubuzima == Gahonzire Mary yavukiye mu [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]], 1962. Yakuriye muri [[Ubugande|Uganda]].Mu 1987, Gahonzire amaze kurangiza [[Kaminuza y'u Rwanda|kaminuza]], yasabye kwinjira mu gipolisi muri [[Ubugande|Uganda]] ayishyamo. Yabaye kandi Komiseri Mukuru mu gipolisi cy'u [[Rwanda]].<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/87721</ref> == Imirimo yakoze == Gahongayire Mary yabaye umuyobozi mukuru w'apolisi y'[[igihugu]] mbere yuko agirwa komiseri mukuru w'ungirije b'urwego rushinzwe amagereza mu [[Rwanda Nziza|rwanda]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/mary-gahonzire-mu-bapolisi-308-basezerewe |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-14 |archive-date=2022-05-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220514075008/https://www.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/mary-gahonzire-mu-bapolisi-308-basezerewe |url-status=dead }}</ref> ubu yahagaritse imirimo akaba Yagiye mu kiruhuko cy'izabukuru.<ref>https://www.bwiza.com/?Gen-Rwarakabije-na-Mary-Gahonzire-ntibakiri-abayobozi-ba-RCS</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.umusingi.org/en/archives/2638 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-14 |archive-date=2023-03-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230329202447/http://www.umusingi.org/en/archives/2638 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/Gen-Rwarakabije-na-Mary-Gahonzire-basimbujwe-ku-buyobozi-bwa-RCS</ref><ref>https://ar.umuseke.rw/gen-rwarakabije-na-com-mary-gahonzire-bavanywe-ku-buyobozi-bwa-rcs.hmtl</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Abagore]] [[Ikiciro:Abanyarwandakazi]] [[Ikiciro:Umupolisi]] o13r23wz6yc1uoyig2byj6rhs6sxh46 0 12617 148740 122835 2026-11-03T14:29:40Z Score Beethoven 11559 148740 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox igihugu | common_name = Sudani y’Amajyepfo | conventional_long_name = Repubulika ya Sudani y’Amajyepfo | native_name = The Republic of South Sudan | image_flag = Flag of South Sudan.svg | image_coat = Coat of arms of South Sudan.svg | image_map = South Sudan (orthographic projection).svg | capital = Juba | official_languages = [[Icyongereza]] | leader_title1 = Perezida | leader_name1 = [[Salva Kiir|Salva Kiir Mayardit]] | sovereignty_type = Ubwigenge | established_event1 = Ku [[Sudani]] | established_date1 = 9 Nyakanga 2011 | area_km2 = 644329 | population_estimate = 16 367 000 | population_estimate_year = 2026 | currency = Pawundi ya Sudani y'Amajyepfo | iso3166code = omit }} '''Sudani y’Amajyepfo''' (izina ryemewe: Repubulika ya Sudani y'Amajyepfo; mu [[Icyongereza]]: ''Republic of South Sudan'') ni igihugu cyo mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba bwa [[Afurika]]. Ntigikora ku nyanja. Umurwa mukuru ni Juba. Mbere ya 2011, Sudani y'Amajyepfo yari igice cya [[Sudani]]. Yatangaje ubwigenge ku wa 9 Nyakanga 2011. Perezida wayo ni [[Salva Kiir|Salva Kiir Mayardit]]. == Imiterere == [[File:Mundari tribe in South Sudan.jpg|thumb|left|Abamundari n'inka zabo muri Sudani y'Amajyepfo]] Sudani y'Amajyepfo ihana imbibi na Sudani mu majyaruguru. Mu burasirazuba, ihana imbibi na [[Etiyopiya]]. Mu majyepfo, ihana imbibi na [[Kenya]], [[Ubugande]] na [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]]. Mu burengerazuba, ihana imbibi na [[Repubulika ya Santara Afurika]].<ref name="britannica">{{Cite web |title=South Sudan |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/South-Sudan |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |language=en |access-date=2026-11-03}}</ref> Sudani y'Amajyepfo ifite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 644 329.<ref name="facts">{{Cite web |title=South Sudan: Quick Facts |url=https://www.britannica.com/facts/South-Sudan |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |language=en |access-date=2026-11-03}}</ref> Ibibaya binini n'ubutaka bwo hejuru byayo bivomerwa n'uruzi rwa [[Nili]] n'amashami yarwo. Igihugu gifite urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima rukize: ibyatsi, ibishanga n'amashyamba y'imvura.<ref name="britannica" /> == Amateka == Amoko menshi atuye muri Sudani y'Amajyepfo yahatuye hagati y'ikinyejana cya 15 n'icya 19. Mu 1820, Muhammad Ali, umuyobozi wa [[Misiri]] mu Bwami bwa Ottoman, yateye Sudani. Nyuma yaho, mu majyepfo hasahuwe abantu bajyanwa mu bucakara. Mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 19, Sudani yari iyobowe n'Abongereza n'Abanyamisiri.<ref name="britannica" /> Abaturage bo mu majyepfo bamaze igihe kinini batumvikana na guverinoma y'amajyaruguru. Kuva ku wa 9 kugeza ku wa 15 Mutarama 2011, habaye kamarampaka. Abaturage benshi cyane batoye ko bitandukanya na Sudani. Ku wa 9 Nyakanga 2011, Sudani y'Amajyepfo yatangaje ubwigenge.<ref name="britannica" /> == Politiki == Sudani y'Amajyepfo iyobowe na guverinoma y'inzibacyuho. Inteko ishinga amategeko ifite imitwe ibiri. Perezida ni Salva Kiir Mayardit.<ref name="facts" /> == Abaturage == Mu mwaka wa 2026, Sudani y'Amajyepfo yari ifite abaturage bagera kuri 16 367 000 (ikigereranyo). Ururimi rwemewe ni Icyongereza.<ref name="facts" /> Abaturage benshi bafite imico ya Afurika. Benshi ni Abakirisitu cyangwa bakurikiza imyemerere gakondo.<ref name="britannica" /> == Ubukungu == Ifaranga rikoreshwa ni Pawundi ya Sudani y'Amajyepfo.<ref name="facts" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:South Sudan|Amafoto ya Sudani y'Amajyepfo]] kuri Wikimedia Commons {{Afurika}} [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Ibihugu]] 9wkw47gv6k9gq4rh1p0rooorlscvf4j 0 12816 148600 143860 2026-11-03T13:04:06Z Score Beethoven 11559 148600 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox umurenge}} '''Umurenge wa Gatenga''' ni umwe mu [[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|mirenge]] 10 igize [[Akarere ka Kicukiro]], mu [[Kigali|Mujyi wa Kigali]], mu [[Rwanda]]. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, Umurenge wa Gatenga wari utuwe n'abaturage 67 084. Ugizwe n'utugari 4. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → [[Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Uturere]] → Imirenge → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Ubuso n'utugari == [[Dosiye:Gatenga health center.jpg|thumb|left|Ikigo nderabuzima cya Gatenga]] Umurenge wa Gatenga ni umwe mu mirenge 10 y'Akarere ka Kicukiro.<ref name="kicukiro">{{Cite web |url=https://www.kicukiro.gov.rw/akarere/menya-akarere-1 |title=Abanyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa b'Imirenge |website=kicukiro.gov.rw |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Ufite ubuso bwa km² 12,44.<ref name="citypop">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/kicukiro/1302__gatenga/ |title=Gatenga (Sector, Rwanda) – Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Ugizwe n'[[Akagari|utugari]] 4:<ref name="kicukiro" /> {{div col|colwidth=15em}} * Gatenga * Karambo * Nyanza * Nyarurama {{div col end}} == Abaturage == Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2012, Umurenge wa Gatenga wari utuwe n'abaturage 48 640. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, wari utuwe n'abaturage 67 084. Abagabo bari 34 465. Abagore bari 32 619. Abaturage bose batuye mu mujyi.<ref name="citypop" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Gatenga Sector|Amafoto y’Umurenge wa Gatenga]] kuri Wikimedia Commons {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Kicukiro}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Kicukiro|Gatenga]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Gatenga]] n6lwa8i1wwilu7ws2drtplfifjzd0sq 0 13131 148543 144960 2026-11-03T12:59:25Z Baraka official 17008 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 148543 wikitext text/x-wiki Ngeruka Fayçal wahisemo kwiyita Kode ukorera umuziki mu [[Ububiligi|Bubiligi]],<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/82929/faysal-kode-yashyize-hanze-amashusho-y-indirimbo-ye-sheri-ny-82929.html</ref> ni [https://web.archive.org/web/20220928085928/https://www.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/abahanzi-20-bazahora-bibukwa-mu-mateka-y-igisekuru-cya-nyuma-jenoside-mu-muziki umwe mu bahanzi bamamaye mu muziki nyarwanda]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/abahanzi-20-bazahora-bibukwa-mu-mateka-y-igisekuru-cya-nyuma-jenoside-mu-muziki |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-28 |archive-date=2022-09-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220928085928/https://www.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/abahanzi-20-bazahora-bibukwa-mu-mateka-y-igisekuru-cya-nyuma-jenoside-mu-muziki |url-status=dead }}</ref> mu myaka yo hambere nawe akaba umwe mu bafashe iya mbere mu kuwuteza imbere mu bihe byari bigoye. Uyu [[Umuhanzi Kamariza|muhanzi]] ni umwe mu [https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/119611/rifunguye-amarembo-kuri-bose-faysal-kode-yatangije-irushanwa-ryumuziki-loko-stars-rizahita-119611.html bamamaye cyane mu Rwanda]<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/119611/rifunguye-amarembo-kuri-bose-faysal-kode-yatangije-irushanwa-ryumuziki-loko-stars-rizahita-119611.html</ref> mu muziki mu myaka irenga icumi ishize. Yaririmbye indirimbo zitandukanye zakunzwe ‘Impeta’ yabaye n’ikirango kuri we, ‘Ikirungo’, ‘Ese uzabyihanganira’, ‘Igikomere’, ‘Sinzahinduka’ yakoranye na [[Urban Boyz]] n’izindi. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220928091816/https://ar.umuseke.rw/ngeruka-faysal-kode-agiye-kuza-gukorera-igitaramo-i-kigali.hmtl Yakoze indirimbo nyinshi]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ar.umuseke.rw/ngeruka-faysal-kode-agiye-kuza-gukorera-igitaramo-i-kigali.hmtl |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-28 |archive-date=2022-09-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220928091816/https://ar.umuseke.rw/ngeruka-faysal-kode-agiye-kuza-gukorera-igitaramo-i-kigali.hmtl |url-status=dead }}</ref> zitandukanye zatumye ubuhanga bwe bushimwa na benshi ndetse zirakundwa ku buryo buhambaye zinatuma anitabira amarushanwa atandukanye mpuzamahanga arimo ‘Imagine [[Afurika|Afrika’]] na ‘Idols 2007’. == Reba aha == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Umuhanzi]] [[Ikiciro:Rwandan artists]] [[Ikiciro:Entertainment]] co35eqnulqmzqyd6soxjjmdjcs7cviz 0 13136 148533 145611 2026-11-03T12:56:41Z NSHUTIYIMANA Moise 17987 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 148533 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Irambona Eric Gisa''' ni we [https://thebluesky.sport.blog/2019/09/04/amateka-ya-irambona-gisa-eric-ufatwa-na-benshi-nk-umwana-wa-rayon-sports/ mukinnyi urambye kuruta abandi muri Rayon Sports]<ref name=":0">https://thebluesky.sport.blog/2019/09/04/amateka-ya-irambona-gisa-eric-ufatwa-na-benshi-nk-umwana-wa-rayon-sports/</ref> aho amaze imyaka 7 akinira iyi kipe ikunzwe kurusha izindi mu [[Rwanda]] nyuma yo kuzamukira mu ikipe y’abana ya Rayon Sports<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/football/article/irambona-eric-wari-umaze-imyaka-8-muri-rayon-sports-yerekeje-muri-kiyovu</ref> aza kuzamurwa n’umutoza Didier Gomez Da Rosa wahesheje iyi kipe igikombe cya shampiyona yu mwaka 2012-2013.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://bwiza.com/?Kwambikwa-ikanzu-byarokoye-Irambona-Eric-muri-Jenoside-yakorewe-Abatutsi |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-28 |archive-date=2022-09-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220928095943/https://bwiza.com/?Kwambikwa-ikanzu-byarokoye-Irambona-Eric-muri-Jenoside-yakorewe-Abatutsi |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == '''Irambona Eric''' yitwa Gisa kuva mu bwana nubwo iri zina ritaba mu byangombwa. <ref name=":0" />Yabonye izuba tariki 04 Ukuboza mu mwaka 1992 i Cyangugu. Irambona ni mwene Uwingoma Fortunée na nyakwigendera Huggee wapfuye muri [https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/116247/kwibuka28-ubuhamya-bwa-myugariro-wa-kiyovu-sport-eric-irambona-warokowe-no-kwihundura-umuk-116247.html Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994]<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/116247/kwibuka28-ubuhamya-bwa-myugariro-wa-kiyovu-sport-eric-irambona-warokowe-no-kwihundura-umuk-116247.html</ref> hamwe n’abandi bana batatu bavukanaga na Irambona kuko bari abana 7 (abahungu batanu n’abakobwa babiri) ubu bakaba basigaye ari abahungu babiri n’abakobwa babiri. Amashuri abanza yayize i Mushaka, ikiciro rusange akiga muri EAV Ntendezi, ahava ajya mu ishuri ryisumbuye St Peter Gihozo mu [[Akarere ka Nyanza|Karere ka Nyanza]] aho yakuye impamyabumenyi mu ishami ry’Imibare, [[Umugenge|Ubugenge]] n’Ubumemyi bwa Mudasobwa (Mathematic, Physic and Computer Science) mu mwaka 2011.<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/81505/irambona-gisa-eric-yasobanuye-ibyo-gusigara-kwe-asaba-imbaba-81505.html</ref> == Reba aha == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Siporo]] [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi]] [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa Ruhago]] czutibqvb6wksl2p3dy7hd2a789s64p 0 13266 148506 114934 2026-11-03T12:23:27Z Score Beethoven 11559 148506 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox igihugu | common_name = Misiri | conventional_long_name = Repubulika y'Abarabu ya Misiri | native_name = جمهورية مصر العربية | image_flag = Flag of Egypt.svg | image_coat = Coat of arms of Egypt (Official).svg | image_map = EGY orthographic.svg | capital = Kayiro | official_languages = [[Icyarabu]] | leader_title1 = Perezida | leader_name1 = Abdel Fattah al-Sisi | leader_title2 = Minisitiri w'Intebe | leader_name2 = Mostafa Madbouly | area_km2 = 996603 | currency = Pawundi ya Misiri | iso3166code = omit }} '''Misiri''' (izina ryemewe: Repubulika y'Abarabu ya Misiri; mu [[Icyarabu]]: ''مصر'') ni igihugu kiri mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba bwa [[Afurika]]. Umurwa mukuru ni Kayiro. Ururimi rwemewe ni Icyarabu. Abaturage benshi ba Misiri batuye ku nkombe z'uruzi rwa [[Nili]]. Misiri ya kera y'Abafarawo yari imwe mu mico ikomeye ya kera. Perezida wa Misiri ni Abdel Fattah al-Sisi. == Imiterere == [[File:All Gizah Pyramids.jpg|thumb|left|Piramide za Giza]] Misiri iri mu nguni y'amajyaruguru y'uburasirazuba bwa Afurika. Mu majyaruguru, ikora ku Nyanja ya Mediterane. Mu burasirazuba, ikora ku Nyanja Itukura. Mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba, ihana imbibi na [[Isirayeli]]. Mu majyepfo, ihana imbibi na [[Sudani]]. Mu burengerazuba, ihana imbibi na [[Libiya]].<ref name="britannica">{{Cite web |title=Egypt |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Egypt |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |language=en |access-date=2026-11-03}}</ref> Misiri ifite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 996 603. Ubutayu bw'Iburengerazuba bufata hafi bibiri bya gatatu by'ubutaka bw'igihugu. Ubutayu bw'Iburasirazuba bufata hafi kimwe cya kane.<ref name="britannica" /> Umuyoboro wa Suez wafunguwe mu 1869. Uhuza Inyanja ya Mediterane n'Inyanja Itukura.<ref name="britannica" /> == Amateka == Misiri ya kera y'Abafarawo yari imwe mu mico ikomeye ya kera yo mu Burasirazuba bwo Hagati. Yamaze imyaka igera ku 3 000.<ref name="britannica" /> Mu 1882, Ubwongereza bwigaruriye Misiri. Ubwongereza bwakomeje kugira ijambo rikomeye muri Misiri kugeza nyuma y'Intambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose. Mu 1952, abasirikare bakoze kudeta. Bashyizeho ubutegetsi bushya bw'impinduramatwara.<ref name="britannica" /> == Politiki == Perezida wa Misiri ni Abdel Fattah al-Sisi. Minisitiri w'Intebe ni Mostafa Madbouly.<ref name="ei">{{Cite news |title=President Sisi attends closing ceremony of Egypt Forum 2026 |url=https://www.egyptindependent.com/?p=2836641 |work=Egypt Independent |date=2026-10-25 |language=en |access-date=2026-11-03}}</ref> == Abaturage == Abaturage benshi ba Misiri batuye ku nkombe z'uruzi rwa Nili. Kayiro ni umwe mu mijyi minini cyane ku isi. Ururimi rwemewe ni Icyarabu.<ref name="britannica" /> == Ubukungu == Inganda n'ubucuruzi bigenda birusha ubuhinzi agaciro mu bukungu bwa Misiri. [[Ubukerarugendo]] buzanira igihugu igice kinini cy'amadovize.<ref name="britannica" /> Ifaranga rikoreshwa ni Pawundi ya Misiri.<ref name="britannica" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Egypt|Amafoto ya Misiri]] kuri Wikimedia Commons {{Afurika}} [[Ikiciro:Misiri| ]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Ibihugu]] 6qm3xrhlmuxp951vbkcnu8sto4pcetf 0 13270 148626 143730 2026-11-03T13:05:02Z Score Beethoven 11559 148626 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox umurenge}} '''Umurenge wa Kazo''' ni umwe mu mirenge 14 igize [[Akarere ka Ngoma]], mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba|Ntara y'Iburasirazuba]] y'u [[Rwanda]]. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, Umurenge wa Kazo wari utuwe n'abaturage 32 450. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → [[Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Uturere]] → Imirenge → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Imiterere == [[Dosiye:Rwanda, Ngoma District.png|thumb|left|Ikarita y'Akarere ka Ngoma]] Umurenge wa Kazo ni umwe mu mirenge 14 y'Akarere ka Ngoma.<ref name="menya">{{Cite web |url=https://www.ngoma.gov.rw/akarere/1 |title=Menya Ngoma |website=ngoma.gov.rw |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Ufite ubuso bwa km² 70,08.<ref name="cp">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/ngoma/5604__kazo/ |title=Kazo (Sector, Rwanda) – Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> == Abaturage == Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2012, Umurenge wa Kazo wari utuwe n'abaturage 27 318. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, wari utuwe n'abaturage 32 450.<ref name="cp"/> Muri bo, abagabo bari 15 597, abagore bari 16 853.<ref name="cp"/> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Ngoma}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Ngoma]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Kazo]] eokcgpb386qsamyyk0cf200soihcwty 3 13527 148737 145164 2026-11-03T14:23:41Z MediaWiki message delivery 4287 /* Tech News: 2026-45 */ new section 148737 wikitext text/x-wiki == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-05</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W05"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/05|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * Last week, for ~15 minutes, some users were unable to log in or edit pages. This was caused by a problem with session storage. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incidents/2023-01-24_sessionstore_quorum_issues] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.21|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-01-31|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-01|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-02|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Wikis that use localized numbering schemes for references need to add new CSS. This will help to show citation numbers the same way in all reading and editing modes. If your wiki would prefer to do it yourselves, please see the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Cite CSS|details and example CSS to copy from]], and also add your wiki to the list. Otherwise, the developers will directly help out starting the week of February 5. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/05|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W05"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:05, 31 Mutarama 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24455949 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-06</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W06"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/06|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * In the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|Vector 2022 skin]], logged-out users using the full-width toggle will be able to see the setting of their choice even after refreshing pages or opening new ones. This only applies to wikis where Vector 2022 is the default. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T321498] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.22|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-07|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-08|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-09|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Previously, we announced when some wikis would be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. These switches will not be announced any more, as the read-only time has become non-significant. Switches will continue to happen at 7AM UTC on Tuesdays and Thursdays. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T292543#8568433] * Across all the wikis, in the Vector 2022 skin, logged-in users will see the page-related links such as "What links here" in a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop_Improvements/Features/Page_tools|new side menu]]. It will be displayed on the other side of the screen. This change had previously been made on Czech, English, and Vietnamese Wikipedias. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328692] *[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2023|Community Wishlist Survey 2023]] will stop receiving new proposals on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1675706431 Monday, 6 February 2023, at 18:00 UTC]. Proposers should complete any edits by then, to give time for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community_Wishlist_Survey/Help_us|translations]] and review. Voting will begin on Friday, 10 February. '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Gadgets and user scripts will be changing to load on desktop and mobile sites. Previously they would only load on the desktop site. It is recommended that wiki administrators audit the [[MediaWiki:Gadgets-definition|gadget definitions]] prior to this change, and add <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>skins=…</code></bdi> for any gadgets which should not load on mobile. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328610 More details are available]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/06|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W06"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 10:21, 6 Gashyantare 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24491749 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-07</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W07"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/07|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * On wikis where patrolled edits are enabled, changes made to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Communities/How to configure the mentors' list|mentor list]] by autopatrolled mentors are not correctly marked as patrolled. It will be fixed later this week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328444] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.23|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-14|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-15|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-16|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). * The Reply tool and other parts of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#Mobile|DiscussionTools]] will be deployed for all editors using the mobile site. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk_pages_project/Mobile#Status_Updates|read more about this decision]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T298060] '''Future changes''' * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on March 1. This is planned for [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1677679222 14:00 UTC]. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328287][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T327920][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/07|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W07"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:49, 14 Gashyantare 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24540832 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-08</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W08"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/08|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * Last week, during planned maintenance of Cloud Services, unforeseen complications forced the team to turn off all tools for 2–3 hours to prevent data corruption. Work is ongoing to prevent similar problems in the future. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T329535] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.23|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-21|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-22|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-23|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). *The voting phase for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2023|Community Wishlist Survey 2023]] ends on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1677261621 24 February at 18:00 UTC]. The results of the survey will be announced on 28 February. '''Future changes''' * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on March 1. This is planned for [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1677679222 14:00 UTC]. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328287][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T327920][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/08|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W08"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:58, 21 Gashyantare 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24570514 --> == Kora Amakuru : 2023-09 == <section begin="technews-2023-W09"/><div class="plainlinks"> Ibishya '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News | amakuru yikoranabuhanga]]''' bivuye mumuryango wa tekinike Wikimedia. Nyamuneka bwira abandi bakoresha ibijyanye n'izo mpinduka. Impinduka zose ntizizakugiraho ingaruka. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/09 | Ubusobanuro]] birahari. '''Ibibazo''' * Icyumweru gishize, mu bice bimwe na bimwe byisi, habaye ibibazo byo gupakira impapuro muminota 20 no kuzigama ibyahinduwe muminota 55. Ibi bibazo byatewe nikibazo na seriveri yacu yo kubika bitewe nibintu bitunguranye mugihe cyibikorwa bisanzwe byo kubungabunga. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incidents/2023-02-22_wiki_outage][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incidents/2023-02-22_read_only] '''Impinduka nyuma yiki cyumweru''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Ikintu gisubirwamo]] [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.25 | verisiyo nshya]] ya MediaWiki izaba iri kuri wikisi yikizamini na MediaWiki.org kuva {{#time:j xg|2023-02-28|rw}}. Bizaba kuri wikisi itari Wikipedia na Wikipedi zimwe kuva {{#time:j xg|2023-03-01|rw}}. Bizaba kuri wikisi zose kuva {{#time:j xg|2023-03-02|rw}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap | kalendari]]). * Wiki zose zizasomwa gusa muminota mike ku ya 1 Werurwe. Ibi birateganijwe kuri [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1677679222 14:00 UTC]. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server_switch] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/09|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W09"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:47, 27 Gashyantare 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24634242 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-10</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W10"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/10|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The Community Wishlist Survey 2023 edition has been concluded. Community Tech has [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Results|published the results]] of the survey and will provide an update on what is next in April 2023. * On wikis which use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Writing_systems|LanguageConverter]] to handle multiple writing systems, articles which used custom conversion rules in the wikitext (primarily on Chinese Wikipedia) would have these rules applied inconsistently in the table of contents, especially in the Vector 2022 skin. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T306862] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.26|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-07|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-08|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-09|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). * A search system has been added to the [[Special:Preferences|Preferences screen]]. This will let you find different options more easily. Making it work on mobile devices will happen soon. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T313804] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/10|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W10"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:50, 6 werurwe 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24676916 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-11</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W11"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/11|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.27|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-14|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-15|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-16|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]" ({{int:project-localized-name-cbk_zamwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cdowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cebwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-chwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-chrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-chywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ckbwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-csbwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cuwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cvwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-itwiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T304542][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T304550] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/11|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W11"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:20, 13 werurwe 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24700189 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-12</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W12"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/12|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * Last week, some users experienced issues loading image thumbnails. This was due to incorrectly cached images. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T331820] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.1|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-21|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-22|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-23|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] A link to the user's [[{{#special:CentralAuth}}]] page will appear on [[{{#special:Contributions}}]] — some user scripts which previously added this link may cause conflicts. This feature request was [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Admins and patrollers/Add link to CentralAuth on Special:Contributions|voted #17 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] The [[{{#special:AbuseFilter}}]] edit window will be resizable and larger by default. This feature request was [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Anti-harassment/Make the AbuseFilter edit window resizable and larger by default|voted #80 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. * There will be a new option for Administrators when they are unblocking a user, to add the unblocked user’s user page to their watchlist. This will work both via [[{{#special:Unblock}}]] and via the API. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T257662] '''Meetings''' * You can join the next meeting with the Wikipedia mobile apps teams. During the meeting, we will discuss the current features and future roadmap. The meeting will be on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1679677204 24 March at 17:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Office Hours|details and how to join]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/12|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W12"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:26, 21 werurwe 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24732558 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-13</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W13"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/13|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]] condition limit was increased from 1000 to 2000. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T309609] * [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Global AbuseFilter#Locally disabled actions|Some Global AbuseFilter]] actions will no longer apply to local projects. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T332521] * Desktop users are now able to subscribe to talk pages by clicking on the {{int:discussiontools-newtopicssubscription-button-subscribe-label}} link in the {{int:toolbox}} menu. If you subscribe to a talk page, you receive [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Notifications|notifications]] when new topics are started on that talk page. This is separate from putting the page on your watchlist or subscribing to a single discussion. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T263821] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.2|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-28|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-29|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-30|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * You will be able to choose [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Diffs|visual diffs]] on all [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Page history|history pages]] at the Wiktionaries and Wikipedias. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T314588] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The legacy [[mw:Mobile Content Service|Mobile Content Service]] is going away in July 2023. Developers are encouraged to switch to Parsoid or another API before then to ensure service continuity. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/4MVQQTONJT7FJAXNVOFV3WWVVMCHRINE/] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/13|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W13"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:14, 28 werurwe 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24780854 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-14</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W14"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/14|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The system for automatically creating categories for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Babel|Babel]] extension has had several important changes and fixes. One of them allows you to insert templates for automatic category descriptions on creation, allowing you to categorize the new categories. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T211665][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T64714][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T170654][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T184941][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T33074] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.3|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-04|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-05|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-06|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Some older [[w:en:Web browser|Web browsers]] will stop being able to use [[w:en:JavaScript|JavaScript]] on Wikimedia wikis from this week. This mainly affects users of Internet Explorer 11. If you have an old web browser on your computer you can try to upgrade to a newer version. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T178356] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The deprecated <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>jquery.hoverIntent</code></bdi> module has been removed. This module could be used by gadgets and user scripts, to create an artificial delay in how JavaScript responds to a hover event. Gadgets and user scripts should now use jQuery <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>hover()</code></bdi> or <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>on()</code></bdi> instead. Examples can be found in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/ResourceLoader/Migration_guide_(users)#jquery.hoverIntent|migration guide]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T311194] * Some of the links in [[{{#special:SpecialPages}}]] will be re-arranged. There will be a clearer separation between links that relate to all users, and links related to your own user account. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T333242] * You will be able to hide the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Replying|Reply button]] in archived discussion pages with a new <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>__ARCHIVEDTALK__</nowiki></code></bdi> magic word. There will also be a new <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>.mw-archivedtalk</code></bdi> CSS class for hiding the Reply button in individual sections on a page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T249293][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T295553][https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/c/mediawiki/extensions/DiscussionTools/+/738221] '''Future changes''' * The Vega software that creates data visualizations in pages, such as graphs, will be upgraded to the newest version in the future. Graphs that still use the very old version 1.5 syntax may stop working properly. Most existing uses have been found and updated, but you can help to check, and to update any local documentation. [[phab:T260542|Examples of how to find and fix these graphs are available]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/14|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W14"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:40, 3 Mata 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24820268 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-15</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W15"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/15|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] In the visual editor, it is now possible to edit captions of images in galleries without opening the gallery dialog. This feature request was [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Editing/Editable gallery captions in Visual Editor|voted #61 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T190224] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] You can now receive notifications when another user edits your user page. See the "{{int:Echo-category-title-edit-user-page}}" option in [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-echo|your Preferences]]. This feature request was [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Anti-harassment/Notifications for user page edits|voted #3 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T3876] '''Problems''' * There was a problem with all types of CentralNotice banners still being shown to logged-in users even if they had [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-centralnotice-banners|turned off]] specific banner types. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T331671] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.4|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-11|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-12|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-13|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]" ({{int:project-localized-name-arywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-dawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-dinwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-dsbwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-eewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-elwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-emlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-eowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-etwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-euwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-extwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tumwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ffwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fiwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fiu_vrowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fjwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-frpwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-frrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-furwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gcrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gdwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-glwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-glkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gomwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gotwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-guwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gvwiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T304551][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308133] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/15|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W15"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:05, 10 Mata 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24851886 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-16</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W16"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/16|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * You can now see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer#Show_nearby_articles|nearby articles on a Kartographer map]] with the button for the new feature "{{int:Kartographer-sidebar-nearbybutton}}". Six wikis have been testing this feature since October. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Geoinformation/Nearby_articles#Implementation][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334079] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Special:GlobalWatchlist]] page now has links for "{{int:globalwatchlist-markpageseen}}" for each entry. This feature request was [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Notifications, Watchlists and Talk Pages/Button to mark a single change as read in the global watch list|voted #161 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334246] '''Problems''' * At Wikimedia Commons, some thumbnails have not been getting replaced correctly after a new version of the image is uploaded. This should be fixed later this week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T331138][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T333042] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] For the last few weeks, some external tools had inconsistent problems with logging-in with OAuth. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T332650] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.5|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-18|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-19|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-20|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/16|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W16"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:54, 18 Mata 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24881071 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-17</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W17"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/17|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] The date-selection menu on pages such as [[{{#special:Contributions}}]] will now show year-ranges that are in the current and past decade, instead of the current and future decade. This feature request was [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Miscellaneous/Change year range shown in date selection popup|voted #145 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334316] '''Problems''' * Due to security issues with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph|Graph extension]], graphs have been disabled in all Wikimedia projects. Wikimedia Foundation teams are working to respond to these vulnerabilities. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334940] * For a few days, it was not possible to save some kinds of edits on the mobile version of a wiki. This has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334797][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334799][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334794] '''Changes later this week''' * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on April 26. This is planned for [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1682517653 14:00 UTC]. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server_switch] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.6|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-25|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-26|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-27|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * The Editing team plans an A/B test for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability|a usability analysis of the Talk page project]]. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability/Analysis|planned measurements are available]]. Your wiki [[phab:T332946|may be invited to participate]]. Please suggest improvements to the measurement plan at [[mw:Talk:Talk pages project/Usability|the discussion page]]. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2023-2024|The Wikimedia Foundation annual plan 2023-2024 draft is open for comment and input]] until May 19. The final plan will be published in July 2023 on Meta-wiki. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/17|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W17"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:03, 24 Mata 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24933592 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-18</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W18"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/18|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] The content attribution tools [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Who Wrote That?|Who Wrote That?]], [[xtools:authorship|XTools Authorship]], and [[xtools:blame|XTools Blame]] now support the French and Italian Wikipedias. More languages will be added in the near future. This is part of the [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Reading/Extend "Who Wrote That?" tool to more wikis|#7 wish in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T243711][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T270490][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334891] * The [[:commons:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Video2commons|Video2commons]] tool has been updated. This fixed several bugs related to YouTube uploads. [https://github.com/toolforge/video2commons/pull/162/commits] * The [[{{#special:Preferences}}]] page has been redesigned on mobile web. The new design makes it easier to browse the different categories and settings at low screen widths. You can also now access the page via a link in the Settings menu in the mobile web sidebar. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Moderator_Tools/Content_moderation_on_mobile_web/Preferences] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.7|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-02|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-03|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-04|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/18|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W18"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:45, 2 Gicurasi 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24966974 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-19</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W19"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/19|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] Last week, Community Tech released the first update for providing [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Better diff handling of paragraph splits|better diffs]], the #1 request in the 2022 Community Wishlist Survey. [[phab:T324759|This update]] adds legends and tooltips to inline diffs so that users unfamiliar with the blue and yellow highlights can better understand the type of edits made. * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] When you close an image that is displayed via MediaViewer, it will now return to the wiki page instead of going back in your browser history. This feature request was [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Reading/Return to the article when closing the MediaViewer|voted #65 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T236591] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:SyntaxHighlight|SyntaxHighlight]] extension now supports <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr"><code>wikitext</code></bdi> as a selected language. Old alternatives that were used to highlight wikitext, such as <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr"><code>html5</code></bdi>, <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr"><code>moin</code></bdi>, and <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr"><code>html+handlebars</code></bdi>, can now be replaced. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T29828] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Creating pages with preloaded text|Preloading text to new pages/sections]] now supports preloading from localized MediaWiki interface messages. [https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Martin_Urbanec_(WMF)?action=edit&section=new&preload=MediaWiki:July Here is an example] at the {{int:project-localized-name-cswiki/en}} that uses <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>preload=MediaWiki:July</nowiki></code></bdi>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T330337] '''Problems''' * Graph Extension update: Foundation developers have completed upgrading the visualization software to Vega5. Existing community graphs based on Vega2 are no longer compatible. Communities need to update local graphs and templates, and shared lua modules like <bdi lang="de" dir="ltr">[[:de:Modul:Graph]]</bdi>. The [https://vega.github.io/vega/docs/porting-guide/ Vega Porting guide] provides the most comprehensive detail on migration from Vega2 and [https://www.mediawiki.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Graph:PageViews&action=history here is an example migration]. Vega5 has currently just been enabled on mediawiki.org to provide a test environment for communities. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334940#8813922] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.8|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-09|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-10|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-11|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Until now, all new OAuth apps went through manual review. Starting this week, apps using identification-only or basic authorizations will not require review. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T67750] '''Future changes''' * During the next year, MediaWiki will stop using IP addresses to identify logged-out users, and will start automatically assigning unique temporary usernames. Read more at [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation/Updates|IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation/Updates]]. You can [[m:Talk:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation#What should it look like?|join the discussion]] about the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation/Updates#What will temporary usernames look like?|format of the temporary usernames]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T332805] * There will be an [[:w:en:A/B testing|A/B test]] on 10 Wikipedias where the Vector 2022 skin is the default skin. Half of logged-in desktop users will see an interface where the different parts of the page are more clearly separated. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Updates/2023-05 Zebra9 A/B test|read more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T333180][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T335972] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] <code>jquery.tipsy</code> will be removed from the MediaWiki core. This will affect some user scripts. Many lines with <code>.tipsy(</code> can be commented out. <code>OO.ui.PopupWidget</code> can be used to keep things working like they are now. You can [[phab:T336019|read more]] and [[:mw:Help:Locating broken scripts|read about how to find broken scripts]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336019] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/19|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W19"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:36, 9 Gicurasi 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24998636 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-20</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W20"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/20|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * Citations that are automatically generated based on [[d:Q33057|ISBN]] are currently broken. This affects citations made with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User_guide/Citations-Full#Automatic|VisualEditor Automatic tab]], and the use of the citoid API in gadgets and user scripts. Work is ongoing to restore this feature. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336298] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.9|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-16|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-17|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-18|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]" ({{int:project-localized-name-gorwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hakwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hawwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hifwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hsbwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-htwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-iawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-iewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-igwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ilowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-inhwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-iowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-iswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-iuwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-jamwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-jvwiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308134] '''Future changes''' * There is a recently formed team at the Wikimedia Foundation which will be focusing on experimenting with new tools. Currently they are building [[m:Wikimedia_Foundation_Annual_Plan/2023-2024/Draft/Future_Audiences#FA2.2_Conversational_AI|a prototype ChatGPT plugin that allows information generated by ChatGPT to be properly attributed]] to the Wikimedia projects. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Gadget and userscript developers should replace <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>jquery.cookie</code></bdi> with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>mediawiki.cookie</code></bdi>. The <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>jquery.cookie</code></bdi> library will be removed in ~1 month, and staff developers will run a script to replace any remaining uses at that time. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336018] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/20|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W20"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:45, 15 Gicurasi 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25011501 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-21</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W21"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/21|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] The "recent edits" time period for page watchers is now 30 days. It used to be 180 days. This was a [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Notifications, Watchlists and Talk Pages/Change information about the number of watchers on a page|Community Wishlist Survey proposal]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336250] '''Changes later this week''' * An [[mw:special:MyLanguage/Growth/Positive reinforcement#Impact|improved impact module]] will be available at Wikipedias. The impact module is a feature available to newcomers [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature summary#Newcomer homepage|at their personal homepage]]. It will show their number of edits, how many readers their edited pages have, how many thanks they have received and similar things. It is also accessible by accessing Special:Impact. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336203] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.10|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-23|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-24|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-25|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/21|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W21"/> </div> 16:55, 22 Gicurasi 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25028325 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-22</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W22"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/22|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Citations can once again be added automatically from ISBNs, thanks to Zotero's ISBN searches. The current data sources are the Library of Congress (United States), the Bibliothèque nationale de France (French National Library), and K10plus ISBN (German repository). Additional data source searches can be [[mw:Citoid/Creating Zotero translators|proposed to Zotero]]. The ISBN labels in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User_guide/Citations-Full#Automatic|VisualEditor Automatic tab]] will reappear later this week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336298#8859917] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] The page [[{{#special:EditWatchlist}}]] now has "{{int:watchlistedit-normal-check-all}}" options to select all the pages within a namespace. This feature request was [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Notifications, Watchlists and Talk Pages/Watchlist edit - "check all" checkbox|voted #161 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334252] '''Problems''' * For a few days earlier this month, the "Add interlanguage link" item in the Tools menu did not work properly. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T337081] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.11|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-30|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-31|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-01|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * VisualEditor will be switched to a new backend on [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/source/mediawiki-config/browse/master/dblists/small.dblist small] and [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/source/mediawiki-config/browse/master/dblists/medium.dblist medium] wikis this week. Large wikis will follow in the coming weeks. This is part of the effort to move Parsoid into MediaWiki core. The change should have no noticeable effect on users, but if you experience any slow loading or other strangeness when using VisualEditor, please report it on the phabricator ticket linked here. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T320529] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/22|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W22"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:04, 29 Gicurasi 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25079963 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-23</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W23"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/23|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:RealMe|RealMe]] extension allows you to mark URLs on your user page as verified for Mastodon and similar software. * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] Citation and footnote editing can now be started from the reference list when using the visual editor. This feature request was [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Citations/Allow citations to be edited in the references section with VisualEditor|voted #2 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T54750] * Previously, clicking on someone else's link to Recent Changes with filters applied within the URL could unintentionally change your preference for "{{int:Rcfilters-group-results-by-page}}". This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T202916#8874081] '''Problems''' * For a few days last week, some tools and bots returned outdated information due to database replication problems, and may have been down entirely while it was being fixed. These issues have now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T337446] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.12|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-06|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-07|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-08|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Bots will no longer be prevented from making edits because of URLs that match the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:SpamBlacklist|spam blacklist]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T313107] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/23|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W23"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:52, 5 Kamena 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25114640 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-24</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W24"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/24|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] The content attribution tools [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Who Wrote That?|Who Wrote That?]], [[xtools:authorship|XTools Authorship]], and [[xtools:blame|XTools Blame]] now support the Dutch, German, Hungarian, Indonesian, Japanese, Polish and Portuguese Wikipedias. This was the [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Reading/Extend "Who Wrote That?" tool to more wikis|#7 wish in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334891] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured Data Across Wikimedia/Search Improvements#Search Preview panel|Search Preview panel]] has been deployed on four Wikipedias (Catalan, Dutch, Hungarian and Norwegian). The panel will show an image related to the article (if existing), the top sections of the article, related images (coming from MediaSearch on Commons), and eventually the sister projects associated with the article. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T306341] * The [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:RealMe#Verifying_a_link_on_non-user_pages|RealMe]] extension now allows administrators to verify URLs for any page, for Mastodon and similar software. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T324937] * The default project license [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikimediaannounce-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/7G6XPWZPQFLZ2JANN3ZX6RT4DVUI3HZQ/ has been officially upgraded] to CC BY-SA 4.0. The software interface messages have been updated. Communities should feel free to start updating any mentions of the old CC BY-SA 3.0 licensing within policies and related documentation pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T319064] '''Problems''' * For three days last month, some Wikipedia pages edited with VisualEditor or DiscussionTools had an unintended <code><nowiki>__TOC__</nowiki></code> (or its localized form) added during an edit. There is [[mw:Parsoid/Deployments/T336101_followup|a listing of affected pages sorted by wiki]], that may still need to be fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336101] * Currently, the "{{int:Visualeditor-dialog-meta-categories-defaultsort-label}}" feature in VisualEditor is broken. Existing <code><nowiki>{{DEFAULTSORT:...}}</nowiki></code> keywords incorrectly appear as missing templates in VisualEditor. Developers are exploring how to fix this. In the meantime, those wishing to edit the default sortkey of a page are advised to switch to source editing. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T337398] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Last week, an update to the delete form may have broken some gadgets or user scripts. If you need to manipulate (empty) the reason field, replace <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>#wpReason</code></bdi> with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr" style="white-space: nowrap;"><code>#wpReason > input</code></bdi>. See [https://cs.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki%3AGadget-CleanDeleteReasons.js&diff=22859956&oldid=12794189 an example fix]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T337809] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.13|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-13|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-14|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-15|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * VisualEditor will be switched to a new backend on English Wikipedia on Monday, and all other [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/source/mediawiki-config/browse/master/dblists/large.dblist large] wikis on Thursday. The change should have no noticeable effect on users, but if you experience any slow loading or other strangeness when using VisualEditor, please report it on the phabricator ticket linked here. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T320529] '''Future changes''' * From 5 June to 17 July, the Foundation's [[:mw:Wikimedia Security Team|Security team]] is holding a consultation with contributors regarding a draft policy to govern the use of third-party resources in volunteer-developed gadgets and scripts. Feedback and suggestions are warmly welcome at [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Third-party resources policy|Third-party resources policy]] on meta-wiki. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/24|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W24"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 14:52, 12 Kamena 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25133779 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-25</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W25"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/25|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Flame graphs are now available in WikimediaDebug. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/JXNQD3EHG5V5QW5UXFDPSHQG4MJ3FWJQ/][https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2023/06/08/flame-graphs-arrive-in-wikimediadebug/] '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. * There is now a toolbar search popup in the visual editor. You can trigger it by typing <code>\</code> or pressing <code>ctrl + shift + p</code>. It can help you quickly access most tools in the editor. [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Visual_editor_toolbar_search_feature.png][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T66905] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/25|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W25"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:09, 19 Kamena 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25159510 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-26</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W26"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/26|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The Action API modules and Special:LinkSearch will now add a trailing <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>/</code></bdi> to all <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>prop=extlinks</code></bdi> responses for bare domains. This is part of the work to remove duplication in the <code>externallinks</code> database table. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T337994] '''Problems''' * Last week, search was broken on Commons and Wikidata for 23 hours. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T339810][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incidents/2023-06-18_search_broken_on_wikidata_and_commons] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.15|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-27|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-28|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-29|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The Minerva skin now applies more predefined styles to the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>.mbox-text</code></bdi> CSS class. This enables support for mbox templates that use divs instead of tables. Please make sure that the new styles won't affect other templates in your wiki. [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/c/mediawiki/skins/MinervaNeue/+/930901/][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T339040] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Gadgets will now load on both desktop and mobile by default. Previously, gadgets loaded only on desktop by default. Changing this default using the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>|targets=</code></bdi> parameter is also deprecated and should not be used. You should make gadgets work on mobile or disable them based on the skin (with the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>|skins=</code></bdi> parameter in <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">MediaWiki:Gadgets-definition</bdi>) rather than whether the user uses the mobile or the desktop website. Popular gadgets that create errors on mobile will be disabled by developers on the Minerva skin as a temporary solution. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T127268] * All namespace tabs now have the same browser [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Keyboard_shortcuts|access key]] by default. Previously, custom and extension-defined namespaces would have to have their access keys set manually on-wiki, but that is no longer necessary. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T22126] * The review form of the Flagged Revisions extension now uses the standardized [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|user interface components]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T191156] '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] How media is structured in the parser's HTML output will change in the coming weeks at [[:wikitech:Deployments/Train#Thursday|group2 wikis]]. This change improves the accessibility of content. You may need to update your site-CSS, or userscripts and gadgets. There are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser_Unification/Media_structure/FAQ|details on what code to check, how to update the code, and where to report any related problems]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T314318] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/26|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W26"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16:19, 26 Kamena 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25202311 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-27</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W27"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/27|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] As part of the rolling out of the [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Multimedia and Commons/Audio links that play on click|audio links that play on click]] wishlist proposal, [https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/small.dblist small wikis] will now be able to use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Phonos#Inline audio player mode|inline audio player]] that is implemented by the [[mw:Extension:Phonos|Phonos]] extension. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336763] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] From this week all gadgets automatically load on mobile and desktop sites. If you see any problems with gadgets on your wikis, please adjust the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets#Options|gadget options]] in your gadget definitions file. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328610] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.16|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-04|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-05|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-06|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/27|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W27"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:51, 3 Nyakanga 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25231546 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-28</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W28"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/28|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured Data Across Wikimedia/Section-level Image Suggestions|Section-level Image Suggestions feature]] has been deployed on seven Wikipedias (Portuguese, Russian, Indonesian, Catalan, Hungarian, Finnish and Norwegian Bokmål). The feature recommends images for articles on contributors' watchlists that are a good match for individual sections of those articles. * [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Global AbuseFilter|Global abuse filters]] have been enabled on all Wikimedia projects, except English and Japanese Wikipedias (who opted out). This change was made following a [[:m:Requests for comment/Make global abuse filters opt-out|global request for comments]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341159] * [[{{#special:BlockedExternalDomains}}]] is a new tool for administrators to help fight spam. It provides a clearer interface for blocking plain domains (and their subdomains), is more easily searchable, and is faster for the software to process for each edit on the wiki. It does not support regex (for complex cases), nor URL path-matching, nor the [[MediaWiki:Spam-whitelist|MediaWiki:Spam-whitelist]], but otherwise it replaces most of the functionalities of the existing [[MediaWiki:Spam-blacklist|MediaWiki:Spam-blacklist]]. There is a Python script to help migrate all simple domains into this tool, and more feature details, within [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:BlockedExternalDomains|the tool's documentation]]. It is available at all wikis except for Meta-wiki, Commons, and Wikidata. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T337431] * The WikiEditor extension was updated. It includes some of the most frequently used features of wikitext editing. In the past, many of its messages could only be translated by administrators, but now all regular translators on translatewiki can translate them. Please check [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:MessageGroupStats?group=ext-wikieditor&messages=&x=D#sortable:0=asc the state of WikiEditor localization into your language], and if the "Completion" for your language shows anything less than 100%, please complete the translation. See [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-ambassadors@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/D4YELU2DXMZ75PGELUOKXXMFF3FH45XA/ a more detailed explanation]. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.17|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-11|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-12|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-13|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * The default protocol of [[{{#special:LinkSearch}}]] and API counterparts has changed from http to both http and https. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T14810] * [[{{#special:LinkSearch}}]] and its API counterparts will now search for all of the URL provided in the query. It used to be only the first 60 characters. This feature was requested fifteen years ago. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T17218] '''Future changes''' * There is an experiment with a [[:w:en:ChatGPT|ChatGPT]] plugin. This is to show users where the information is coming from when they read information from Wikipedia. It has been tested by Wikimedia Foundation staff and other Wikimedians. Soon all ChatGPT plugin users can use the Wikipedia plugin. This is the same plugin which was mentioned in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/20|Tech News 2023/20]]. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_Annual_Plan/2023-2024/Draft/Future_Audiences#FA2.2_Conversational_AI] * There is an ongoing discussion on a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Third-party resources policy|proposed Third-party resources policy]]. The proposal will impact the use of third-party resources in gadgets and userscripts. Based on the ideas received so far, policy includes some of the risks related to user scripts and gadgets loading third-party resources, some best practices and exemption requirements such as code transparency and inspectability. Your feedback and suggestions are warmly welcome until July 17, 2023 on [[m:Talk:Third-party resources policy|on the policy talk page]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/28|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W28"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:54, 10 Nyakanga 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25278797 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-29</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W29"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/29|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] We are now serving 1% of all global user traffic from [[:en:Kubernetes|Kubernetes]] (you can [[wikitech:MediaWiki On Kubernetes|read more technical details]]). We are planning to increment this percentage regularly. You can [[phab:T290536|follow the progress of this work]]. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.18|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-18|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-19|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-20|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] MediaWiki [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:System_message|system messages]] will now look for available local fallbacks, instead of always using the default fallback defined by software. This means wikis no longer need to override each language on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Language#Fallback_languages|fallback chain]] separately. For example, English Wikipedia doesn't have to create <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>en-ca</code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>en-gb</code></bdi> subpages with a transclusion of the base pages anymore. This makes it easier to maintain local overrides. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T229992] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>action=growthsetmentorstatus</code></bdi> API will be deprecated with the new MediaWiki version. Bots or scripts calling that API should use the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>action=growthmanagementorlist</code></bdi> API now. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T321503] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/29|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W29"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:08, 17 Nyakanga 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25289122 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-30</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W30"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/30|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] On July 18, the Wikimedia Foundation launched a survey about the [[:mw:Technical_decision_making|technical decision making process]] for people who do technical work that relies on software that is maintained by the Foundation or affiliates. If this applies to you, [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/885471 please take part in the survey]. The survey will be open for three weeks, until August 7. You can find more information in [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/Q7DUCFA75DXG3G2KHTO7CEWMLCYTSDB2/|the announcement e-mail on wikitech-l]]. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.19|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-25|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-26|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-27|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/30|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W30"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 02:20, 25 Nyakanga 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25332248 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-31</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W31"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/31|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The [[mw:Synchronizer|Synchronizer]] tool is now available to keep Lua modules synced across Wikimedia wikis, along with [[mw:Multilingual Templates and Modules|updated documentation]] to develop global Lua modules and templates. * The tag filter on [[{{#special:NewPages}}]] and revision history pages can now be inverted. For example, you can hide edits that were made using an automated tool. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334337][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334338] * The Wikipedia [[:w:en:ChatGPT|ChatGPT]] plugin experiment can now be used by ChatGPT users who can use plugins. You can participate in a [[:m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2023-2024/Draft/Future Audiences#Announcing monthly Future Audiences open "office hours"|video call]] if you want to talk about this experiment or similar work. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_Annual_Plan/2023-2024/Draft/Future_Audiences#FA2.2_Conversational_AI] '''Problems''' * It was not possible to generate a PDF for pages with non-Latin characters in the title, for the last two weeks. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T342442] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.20|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-01|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-02|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-03|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Starting on Tuesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]" ({{int:project-localized-name-kawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kaawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kabwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kbdwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kbpwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kiwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kmwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-knwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kshwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kuwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kwwiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308135] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/31|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W31"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:54, 31 Nyakanga 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25362228 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-32</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W32"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/32|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Mobile Web editors can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Advanced_mobile_contributions#August_1,_2023_-_Full-page_editing_added_on_mobile|edit a whole page at once]]. To use this feature, turn on "{{int:Mobile-frontend-mobile-option-amc}}" in your settings and use the "{{int:Minerva-page-actions-editfull}}" button in the "{{int:Minerva-page-actions-overflow}}" menu. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T203151] '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/32|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W32"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:21, 7 Kanama 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25420038 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-33</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W33"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/33|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The Content translation system is no longer using Youdao's [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Content_translation/Translating/Initial_machine_translation|machine translation service]]. The service was in place for several years, but due to no usage, and availability of alternatives, it was deprecated to reduce maintenance overheads. Other services which cover the same languages are still available. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T329137] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.22|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-15|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-16|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-17|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]" ({{int:project-localized-name-lawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ladwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lbwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lbewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lezwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lfnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lgwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-liwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lijwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lmowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ltgwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lvwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-maiwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-map_bmswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mdfwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mgwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kywiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308136] <!-- TODO replace wiki codes --> '''Future changes''' * A few gadgets/user scripts which add icons to the Minerva skin need to have their CSS updated. There are more details available including a [[phab:T344067|search for all existing instances and how to update them]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/33|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W33"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 06:00, 15 Kanama 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25428668 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-34</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W34"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/34|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [https://gdrive-to-commons.toolforge.org/ GDrive to Commons Uploader] tool is now available. It enables [[m:Special:MyLanguage/GDrive to Commons Uploader|securely selecting and uploading files]] from your Google Drive directly to Wikimedia Commons. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T267868] * From now on, we will announce new Wikimedia wikis in Tech News, so you can update any tools or pages. ** Since the last edition, two new wikis have been created: *** a Wiktionary in [[d:Q7121294|Pa'O]] ([[wikt:blk:|<code>wikt:blk:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T343540] *** a Wikisource in [[d:Q34002|Sundanese]] ([[s:su:|<code>s:su:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T343539] ** To catch up, the next most recent six wikis are: *** Wikifunctions ([[f:|<code>f:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T275945] *** a Wiktionary in [[d:Q2891049|Mandailing]] ([[wikt:btm:|<code>wikt:btm:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T335216] *** a Wikipedia in [[d:Q5555465|Ghanaian Pidgin]] ([[w:gpe:|<code>w:gpe:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T335969] *** a Wikinews in [[d:Q3111668|Gungbe]] ([[n:guw:|<code>n:guw:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334394] *** a Wiktionary in [[d:Q33522|Kabardian]] ([[wikt:kbd:|<code>wikt:kbd:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T333266] *** a Wikipedia in [[d:Q35570|Fante]] ([[w:fat:|<code>w:fat:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T335016] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.23|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-22|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-23|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-24|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] There is an existing [[mw:Stable interface policy|stable interface policy]] for MediaWiki backend code. There is a [[mw:User:Jdlrobson/Stable interface policy/frontend|proposed stable interface policy for frontend code]]. This is relevant for anyone who works on gadgets or Wikimedia frontend code. You can read it, discuss it, and let the proposer know if there are any problems. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344079] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/34|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W34"/> </div> 15:25, 21 Kanama 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25497111 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-35</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W35"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/35|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] As part of the changes for the [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Better diff handling of paragraph splits|better diff handling of paragraph splits]], improved detection of splits is being rolled out. Over the last two weeks, we deployed this support to [[wikitech:Deployments/Train#Groups|group0]] and group1 wikis. This week it will be deployed to group2 wikis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341754] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] All [[{{#special:Contributions}}]] pages now show the user's local edit count and the account's creation date. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T324166] * Wikisource users can now use the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>prpbengalicurrency</code></bdi> label to denote Bengali currency characters as page numbers inside the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki><pagelist></nowiki></code></bdi> tag. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T268932] * Two preferences have been relocated. The preference "{{int:visualeditor-preference-visualeditor}}" is now shown on the [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|"{{int:prefs-editing}}" tab]] at all wikis. Previously it was shown on the "{{int:prefs-betafeatures}}" tab at some wikis. The preference "{{int:visualeditor-preference-newwikitexteditor-enable}}" is now also shown on the "{{int:prefs-editing}}" tab at all wikis, instead of the "{{int:prefs-betafeatures}}" tab. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T335056][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344158] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.24|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-29|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-30|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-31|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] New signups for a Wikimedia developer account will start being pushed towards <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[https://idm.wikimedia.org/ idm.wikimedia.org]</bdi>, rather than going via Wikitech. [[wikitech:IDM|Further information about the new system is available]]. * All right-to-left language wikis, plus Korean, Armenian, Ukrainian, Russian, and Bulgarian Wikipedias, will have a link in the sidebar that provides a short URL of that page, using the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia URL Shortener|Wikimedia URL Shortener]]. This feature will come to more wikis in future weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T267921] '''Future changes''' * The removal of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:DoubleWiki|DoubleWiki extension]] is being discussed. This extension currently allows Wikisource users to view articles from multiple language versions side by side when the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><=></code></bdi> symbol next to a specific language edition is selected. Comments on this are welcomed at [[phab:T344544|the phabricator task]]. * A proposal has been made to merge the second hidden-categories list (which appears below the wikitext editing form) with the main list of categories (which is further down the page). [[phab:T340606|More information is available on Phabricator]]; feedback is welcome! '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/35|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W35"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 14:00, 28 Kanama 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25510866 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-36</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W36"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/36|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[m:Wikisource_EditInSequence|EditInSequence]], a feature that allows users to edit pages faster on Wikisource has been moved to a Beta Feature based on community feedback. To enable it, you can navigate to the [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta features tab in Preferences]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308098] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] As part of the changes for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Generate Audio for IPA|Generate Audio for IPA]] and [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Multimedia and Commons/Audio links that play on click|Audio links that play on click]] wishlist proposals, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Phonos#Inline_audio_player_mode|inline audio player mode]] of [[mw:Extension:Phonos|Phonos]] has been deployed to all projects. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336763] * There is a new option for Administrators when they are changing the usergroups for a user, to add the user’s user page to their watchlist. This works both via [[{{#special:UserRights}}]] and via the API. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T272294] * One new wiki has been created: ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q34318|Talysh]] ([[w:tly:|<code>w:tly:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T345166] '''Problems''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:LoginNotify|LoginNotify extension]] was not sending notifications since January. It has now been fixed, so going forward, you may see notifications for failed login attempts, and successful login attempts from a new device. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344785] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.25|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-05|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-06|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-07|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]" ({{int:project-localized-name-mhrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-miwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-minwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mrjwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mtwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mwlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-myvwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mznwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nahwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-napwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ndswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nds_nlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-newiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-newwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-novwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nqowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nrmwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nsowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nvwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ocwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-olowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-omwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-orwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-oswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pagwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pamwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-papwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pcdwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pdcwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pflwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pihwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pmswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pnbwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pntwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pswiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308137][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308138] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/36|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W36"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:34, 4 Nzeri 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25566983 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-37</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W37"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/37|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/ORES|ORES]], the revision evaluation service, is now using a new open-source infrastructure on all wikis except for English Wikipedia and Wikidata. These two will follow this week. If you notice any unusual results from the Recent Changes filters that are related to ORES (for example, "{{int:ores-rcfilters-damaging-title}}" and "{{int:ores-rcfilters-goodfaith-title}}"), please [[mw:Talk:Machine Learning|report them]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T342115] * When you are logged in on one Wikimedia wiki and visit a different Wikimedia wiki, the system tries to log you in there automatically. This has been unreliable for a long time. You can now visit the login page to make the system try extra hard. If you feel that made logging in better or worse than it used to be, your feedback is appreciated. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326281] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.26|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-12|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-13|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-14|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Technical decision making|Technical Decision-Making Forum Retrospective]] team invites anyone involved in the technical field of Wikimedia projects to signup to and join [[mw:Technical decision making/Listening Sessions|one of their listening sessions]] on 13 September. Another date will be scheduled later. The goal is to improve the technical decision-making processes. * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] As part of the changes for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Better diff handling of paragraph splits|Better diff handling of paragraph splits]] wishlist proposal, the inline switch widget in diff pages is being rolled out this week to all wikis. The inline switch will allow viewers to toggle between a unified inline or two-column diff wikitext format. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336716] '''Future changes''' * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on 20 September. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|This is planned at 14:00 UTC.]] More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T345263] * The Enterprise API is launching a new feature called "[http://breakingnews-beta.enterprise.wikimedia.com/ breaking news]". Currently in BETA, this attempts to identify likely "newsworthy" topics as they are currently being written about in any Wikipedia. Your help is requested to improve the accuracy of its detection model, especially on smaller language editions, by recommending templates or identifiable editing patterns. See more information at [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise/Breaking news|the documentation page]] on MediaWiki or [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise/FAQ#What is Breaking News|the FAQ]] on Meta. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/37|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W37"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:08, 11 Nzeri 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25589064 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-38</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W38"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/38|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] MediaWiki now has a [[mw:Stable interface policy/frontend|stable interface policy for frontend code]] that more clearly defines how we deprecate MediaWiki code and wiki-based code (e.g. gadgets and user scripts). Thank you to everyone who contributed to the content and discussions. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T346467][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344079] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.27|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-19|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-20|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-21|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on September 20. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|This is planned at 14:00 UTC.]] [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T345263] * All wikis will have a link in the sidebar that provides a short URL of that page, using the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia URL Shortener|Wikimedia URL Shortener]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T267921] '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The team investigating the Graph Extension posted [[mw:Extension:Graph/Plans#Proposal|a proposal for reenabling it]] and they need your input. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/38|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W38"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:20, 18 Nzeri 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25623533 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-39</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W39"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/39|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The Vector 2022 skin will now remember the pinned/unpinned status for the Table of Contents for all logged-out users. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T316060] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.28|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-26|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-27|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-28|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The ResourceLoader <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mediawiki.ui</nowiki></code></bdi> modules are now deprecated as part of the move to Vue.js and Codex. There is a [[mw:Codex/Migrating_from_MediaWiki_UI|guide for migrating from MediaWiki UI to Codex]] for any tools that use it. More [[phab:T346468|details are available in the task]] and your questions are welcome there. * Gadget definitions will have a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets#Options|new "namespaces" option]]. The option takes a list of namespace IDs. Gadgets that use this option will only load on pages in the given namespaces. '''Future changes''' * New variables will be added to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]]: <code><bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">global_account_groups</bdi></code> and <code><bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">global_account_editcount</bdi></code>. They are available only when an account is being created. You can use them to prevent blocking automatic creation of accounts when users with many edits elsewhere visit your wiki for the first time. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T345632][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter/Rules_format] '''Meetings''' * You can join the next meeting with the Wikipedia mobile apps teams. During the meeting, we will discuss the current features and future roadmap. The meeting will be on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1698426015 27 October at 17:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Apps/Office_Hours#October_2023|details and how to join]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/39|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W39"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16:51, 26 Nzeri 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25655264 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-40</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W40"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/40|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * There is a new [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-rendering-advancedrendering|user preference]] for "{{int:tog-forcesafemode}}". This setting will make pages load without including any on-wiki JavaScript or on-wiki stylesheet pages. It can be useful for debugging broken JavaScript gadgets. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T342347] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Gadget definitions now have a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets#Options|new "<var>contentModels</var>" option]]. The option takes a list of page content models, like <code><bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">wikitext</bdi></code> or <code><bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">css</bdi></code>. Gadgets that use this option will only load on pages with the given content models. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.29|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-03|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-04|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-05|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The Vector 2022 skin will no longer use the custom styles and scripts of Vector legacy (2010). The change will be made later this year or in early 2024. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Features/Loading Vector 2010 scripts|how to adjust the CSS and JS pages on your wiki]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T331679] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/40|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W40"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:27, 3 Ukwakira 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25686930 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-41</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W41"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/41|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q33291|Fon]] ([[w:fon:|<code>w:fon:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T347935] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.30|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-10|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-11|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-12|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]" ({{int:project-localized-name-swwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-wawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-warwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-wowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-xalwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-xhwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-xmfwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-yiwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-yowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-zawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-zeawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-zh_min_nanwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-zuwiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308139] * At some wikis, newcomers are suggested images from Commons to add to articles without any images. Starting on Tuesday, newcomers at these wikis will be able to add images to unillustrated article sections. The specific wikis are listed under "Images recommendations" [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Deployment table|at the Growth team deployment table]]. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add an image|learn more about this feature.]] [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T345940] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] In the mobile web skin (Minerva) the CSS ID <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>#page-actions</nowiki></code></bdi> will be replaced with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>#p-views</nowiki></code></bdi>. This change is to make it consistent with other skins and to improve support for gadgets and extensions in the mobile skin. A few gadgets may need to be updated; there are [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T348267 details and search-links in the task]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/41|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W41"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 14:39, 9 Ukwakira 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25712895 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-42</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W42"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/42|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Unified login|Unified login]] system's edge login should now be fixed for some browsers (Chrome, Edge, Opera). This means that if you visit a new sister project wiki, you should be logged in automatically without the need to click "Log in" or reload the page. Feedback on whether it's working for you is welcome. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T347889] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Interface/Edit_notice|Edit notices]] are now available within the MobileFrontend/Minerva skin. This feature was inspired by [[w:en:Wikipedia:EditNoticesOnMobile|the gadget on English Wikipedia]]. See more details in [[phab:T316178|T316178]]. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.1|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-17|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-18|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-19|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * In 3 weeks, in the Vector 2022 skin, code related to <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>addPortletLink</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>#p-namespaces</nowiki></code></bdi> that was deprecated one year ago will be removed. If you notice tools that should appear next to the "Discussion" tab are then missing, please tell the gadget's maintainers to see [[phab:T347907|instructions in the Phabricator task]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/42|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W42"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:47, 16 Ukwakira 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25745824 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-43</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W43"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/43|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * There is a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language engineering/Newsletter/2023/October|Language and internationalization newsletter]], written quarterly. It contains updates on new feature development, improvements in various language-related technical projects, and related support work. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Source map support has been enabled on all wikis. When you open the debugger in your browser's developer tools, you should be able to see the unminified JavaScript source code. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T47514] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.2|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-24|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-25|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-26|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/43|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W43"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:16, 23 Ukwakira 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25782286 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-44</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W44"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/44|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The Structured Content team, as part of its project of [[:commons:Commons:WMF support for Commons/Upload Wizard Improvements|improving UploadWizard on Commons]], made some UX improvements to the upload step of choosing own vs not own work ([[phab:T347590|T347590]]), as well as to the licensing step for own work ([[phab:T347756|T347756]]). * The Design Systems team has released version 1.0.0 of [[wmdoc:codex/latest/|Codex]], the new design system for Wikimedia. See the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Design_Systems_Team/Announcing_Codex_1.0|full announcement about the release of Codex 1.0.0]]. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.3|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-31|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-01|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-02|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Listings on category pages are sorted on each wiki for that language using a [[:w:en:International Components for Unicode|library]]. For a brief period on 2 November, changes to categories will not be sorted correctly for many languages. This is because the developers are upgrading to a new version of the library. They will then use a script to fix the existing categories. This will take a few hours or a few days depending on how big the wiki is. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Technical Operations/ICU announcement|read more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T345561][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T267145] * Starting November 1, the impact module (Special:Impact) will be upgraded by the Growth team. The new impact module shows newcomers more data regarding their impact on the wiki. It was tested by a few wikis during the last few months. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336203] '''Future changes''' * There is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph/Plans#Roadmap|a proposed plan]] for re-enabling the Graph Extension. You can help by reviewing this proposal and [[mw:Extension_talk:Graph/Plans#c-PPelberg_(WMF)-20231020221600-Update:_20_October|sharing what you think about it]]. * The WMF is working on making it possible for administrators to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Community_configuration_2.0|edit MediaWiki configuration directly]]. This is similar to previous work on Special:EditGrowthConfig. [[phab:T349757|A technical RfC is running until November 08, where you can provide feedback.]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/44|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W44"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:21, 30 Ukwakira 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25801989 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-45</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W45"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/45|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * In the Vector 2022 skin, the default font-size of a number of navigational elements (tagline, tools menu, navigational links, and more) has been increased slightly to match the font size used in page content. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T346062] '''Problems''' * Last week, there was a problem displaying some recent edits on [https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s5.dblist a few wikis], for 1-6 hours. The edits were saved but not immediately shown. This was due to a database problem. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350443] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.4|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-07|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-08|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-09|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). * The Growth team will reassign newcomers from former mentors to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Structured mentor list|the currently active mentors]]. They have also changed the notification language to be more user-friendly. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T330071][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T327493] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/45|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W45"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:06, 6 Ugushyingo 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25838105 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-46</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W46"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/46|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Four new wikis have been created: ** a Wikipedia in [[d:Q7598268|Moroccan Amazigh]] ([[w:zgh:|<code>w:zgh:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350216] ** a Wikipedia in [[d:Q35159|Dagaare]] ([[w:dga:|<code>w:dga:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350218] ** a Wikipedia in [[d:Q33017|Toba Batak]] ([[w:bbc:|<code>w:bbc:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350320] ** a Wikiquote in [[d:Q33151|Banjar]] ([[q:bjn:|<code>q:bjn:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350217] '''Problems''' * Last week, users who previously visited Meta-Wiki or Wikimedia Commons and then became logged out on those wikis could not log in again. The problem is now resolved. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350695] * Last week, some pop-up dialogs and menus were shown with the wrong font size. The problem is now resolved. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350544] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.5|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-14|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-15|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-16|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * Reference Previews are coming to many wikis as a default feature. They are popups for references, similar to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Page Previews|PagePreviews feature]]. [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews#Opt-out feature|You can opt out]] of seeing them. If you are [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-gadgets|using the gadgets]] Reference Tooltips or Navigation Popups, you won’t see Reference Previews. [[phab:T282999|Deployment]] is planned for November 22, 2023. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Canary (also known as heartbeat) events will be produced into [https://stream.wikimedia.org/?doc#/streams Wikimedia event streams] from December 11. Streams users are advised to filter out these events, by discarding all events where <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>meta.domain == "canary"</nowiki></code></bdi>. Updates to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Pywikibot|Pywikibot]] or [https://github.com/ChlodAlejandro/wikimedia-streams wikimedia-streams] will discard these events by default. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T266798] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/46|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W46"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:52, 13 Ugushyingo 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25859263 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-47</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W47"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/47|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]" ({{int:project-localized-name-quwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-rmwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-rmywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-rnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-roa_rupwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-roa_tarawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ruewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-rwwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sahwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-satwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-scwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-scnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-scowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sdwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sgwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-shwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-siwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-skwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-slwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-smwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sqwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-srwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-srnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-stwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-stqwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-suwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-szlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tcywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tetwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tgwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-thwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-towiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tpiwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ttwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-twwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tyvwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-udmwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ugwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-uzwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-vewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-vecwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-vepwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-vlswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-vowiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308141][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308142][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308143] * The Vector 2022 skin will have some minor visual changes to drop-down menus, column widths, and more. These changes were added to four Wikipedias last week. If no issues are found, these changes will proceed to all wikis this week. These changes will make it possible to add new menus for readability and dark mode. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop_Improvements/Updates#November_2023:_Visual_changes,_more_deployments,_and_shifting_focus|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T347711] '''Future changes''' * There is [[mw:Extension talk:Graph/Plans#Update: 15 November|an update on re-enabling the Graph Extension]]. To speed up the process, Vega 2 will not be supported and only [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T335325 some protocols] will be available at launch. You can help by sharing what you think about the plan. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/47|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W47"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:55, 21 Ugushyingo 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25884616 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-48</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W48"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/48|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.7|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-28|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-29|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-30|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). There is no new MediaWiki version next week. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] MediaWiki's JavaScript system will now allow <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>async</code>/<code>await</code></bdi> syntax in gadgets and user scripts. Gadget authors should remember that users' browsers may not support it, so it should be used appropriately. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T343499] * The deployment of "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add_a_link|Add a link]]" announced [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/47|last week]] was postponed. It will resume this week. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/48|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W48"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:09, 27 Ugushyingo 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25906379 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-49</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W49"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/49|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The spacing between paragraphs on Vector 2022 has been changed from 7px to 14px to match the size of the text. This will make it easier to distinguish paragraphs from sentences. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T351754] * The "{{int:Visualeditor-dialog-meta-categories-defaultsort-label}}" feature in VisualEditor is working again. You no longer need to switch to source editing to edit <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>{{DEFAULTSORT:...}}</nowiki></code></bdi> keywords. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T337398] '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * On 6 December, people who have the enabled the preference for "{{int:Discussiontools-preference-visualenhancements}}" will notice the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability|talk page usability improvements]] appear on pages that include the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>__NEWSECTIONLINK__</nowiki></code></bdi> magic word. If you notice any issues, please [[phab:T352232|share them with the team on Phabricator]]. '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The Toolforge [[wikitech:News/Toolforge Grid Engine deprecation|Grid Engine shutdown process]] will start on December 14. Maintainers of [[toolforge:grid-deprecation|tools that still use this old system]] should plan to migrate to Kubernetes, or tell the team your plans on Phabricator in the task about your tool, before that date. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/VIWWQKMSQO2ED3TVUR7KPPWRTOBYBVOA/] * Communities using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured_Discussions|Structured Discussions]] are being contacted regarding [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured_Discussions/Deprecation|the upcoming deprecation of Structured Discussions]]. You can read more about this project, and share your comments, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured_Discussions/Deprecation|on the project's page]]. '''Events''' * Registration & Scholarship applications are now open for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Hackathon 2024|Wikimedia Hackathon 2024]] that will take place from 3–5 May in Tallinn, Estonia. Scholarship applications are open until 5 January 2024. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/49|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W49"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:50, 4 Ukuboza 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25914435 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-50</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W50"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/50|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * On Wikimedia Commons, there are some minor user-interface improvements for the "choosing own vs not own work" step in the UploadWizard. This is part of the Structured Content team's project of [[:commons:Commons:WMF support for Commons/Upload Wizard Improvements|improving UploadWizard on Commons]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352707][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352709] '''Problems''' * There was a problem showing the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Personalized first day/Newcomer homepage|Newcomer homepage]] feature with the "impact module" and their page-view graphs, for a few days in early December. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352352][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352349] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.9|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-12-12|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-12-13|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-12-14|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=]] The [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/796964 2023 Developer Satisfaction Survey] is seeking the opinions of the Wikimedia developer community. Please take the survey if you have any role in developing software for the Wikimedia ecosystem. The survey is open until 5 January 2024, and has an associated [[foundation:Legal:December_2023_Developer_Satisfaction_Survey|privacy statement]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/50|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W50"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 02:12, 12 Ukuboza 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25945501 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-51</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W51"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/51|Translations]] are available. '''Tech News''' * The next issue of Tech News will be sent out on 8 January 2024 because of [[w:en:Christmas and holiday season|the holidays]]. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.10|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-12-19|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-12-20|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-12-21|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). There is no new MediaWiki version next week. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * Starting December 18, it won't be possible to activate Structured Discussions on a user's own talk page using the Beta feature. The Beta feature option remains available for users who want to deactivate Structured Discussions. This is part of [[mw:Structured Discussions/Deprecation|Structured Discussions' deprecation work]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T248309] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] There will be full support for redirects in the Module namespace. The "Move Page" feature will leave an appropriate redirect behind, and such redirects will be appropriately recognized by the software (e.g. hidden from [[{{#special:UnconnectedPages}}]]). There will also be support for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#Renaming or moving modules|manual redirects]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T120794] '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The MediaWiki JavaScript documentation is moving to a new format. During the move, you can read the old docs using [https://doc.wikimedia.org/mediawiki-core/REL1_41/js/ version 1.41]. Feedback about [https://doc.wikimedia.org/mediawiki-core/master/js/ the new site] is welcome on the [[mw:Talk:JSDoc_WMF_theme|project talk page]]. * The Wishathon is a new initiative that encourages collaboration across the Wikimedia community to develop solutions for wishes collected through the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey|Community Wishlist Survey]]. The first community Wishathon will take place from 15–17 March. If you are interested in a project proposal as a user, developer, designer, or product lead, you can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:WishathonMarch2024|register for the event and read more]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/51|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W51"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16:18, 18 Ukuboza 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25959059 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-02</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W02"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/02|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [https://mediawiki2latex.wmflabs.org/ mediawiki2latex] is a tool that converts wiki content into the formats of LaTeX, PDF, ODT, and EPUB. The code now runs many times faster due to recent improvements. There is also an optional Docker container you can [[b:de:Benutzer:Dirk_Hünniger/wb2pdf/install#Using_Docker|install]] on your local machine. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The way that Random pages are selected has been updated. This will slowly reduce the problem of some pages having a lower chance of appearing. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T309477] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.13|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-09|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-10|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-11|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/02|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W02"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:20, 9 Mutarama 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26026251 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-03</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W03"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/03|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Pages that use the JSON [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:ContentHandler|contentmodel]] will now use tabs instead of spaces for auto-indentation. This will significantly reduce the page size. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326065] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets|Gadgets]] and personal user scripts may now use JavaScript syntax introduced in ES6 (also known as "ES2015") and ES7 ("ES2016"). MediaWiki validates the source code to protect other site functionality from syntax errors, and to ensure scripts are valid in all [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Compatibility#Browsers|supported browsers]]. Previously, Gadgets could use the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>requiresES6</nowiki></code></bdi> option. This option is no longer needed and will be removed in the future. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T75714] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Bot passwords|Bot passwords]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/Owner-only consumers|owner-only OAuth consumers]] can now be restricted to allow editing only specific pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T349957] * You can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Thanks|thank]] edits made by bots. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341388] * An update on the status of the Community Wishlist Survey for 2024 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Future Of The Wishlist/January 4, 2024 Update|has been published]]. Please read and give your feedback. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.14|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-16|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-17|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-18|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * Starting on January 17, it will not be possible to login to Wikimedia wikis from some specific old versions of the Chrome browser (versions 51–66, released between 2016 and 2018). Additionally, users of iOS 12, or Safari on Mac OS 10.14, may need to login to each wiki separately. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344791] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>jquery.cookie</code></bdi> module was deprecated and replaced with the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>mediawiki.cookie</code></bdi> module last year. A script has now been run to replace any remaining uses, and this week the temporary alias will be removed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T354966] '''Future changes''' * Wikimedia Deutschland is working to [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Reusing references|make reusing references easier]]. They are looking for people who are interested in participating in [https://wikimedia.sslsurvey.de/User-research-into-Reusing-References-Sign-up-Form-2024/en/ individual video calls for user research in January and February]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/03|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W03"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:13, 16 Mutarama 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26074460 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-04</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W04"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/04|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * A bug in UploadWizard prevented linking to the userpage of the uploader when uploading. It has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T354529] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.15|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-23|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-24|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-25|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/04|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W04"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:04, 23 Mutarama 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26096197 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-05</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W05"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/05|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Starting Monday January 29, all talk pages messages' timestamps will become a link. This link is a permanent link to the comment. It allows users to find the comment they are looking for, even if this comment was moved elsewhere. This will affect all wikis except for the English Wikipedia. You can read more about this change [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/01/29/talk-page-permalinks-dont-lose-your-threads/ on Diff] or [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#Talk_pages_permalinking|on Mediawiki.org]].<!-- The Diff post will be published on Monday morning UTC--> [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T302011] * There are some improvements to the CAPTCHA to make it harder for spam bots and scripts to bypass it. If you have feedback on this change, please comment on [[phab:T141490|the task]]. Staff are monitoring metrics related to the CAPTCHA, as well as secondary metrics such as account creations and edit counts. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.16|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-30|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-31|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-01|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] On February 1, a link will be added to the "Tools" menu to download a [[w:en:QR code|QR code]] that links to the page you are viewing. There will also be a new [[{{#special:QrCode}}]] page to create QR codes for any Wikimedia URL. This addresses the [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Mobile and apps/Add ability to share QR code for a page in any Wikimedia project|#19 most-voted wish]] from the [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Results|2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T329973] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets|Gadgets]] which only work in some skins have sometimes used the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>targets</code></bdi> option to limit where you can use them. This will stop working this week. You should use the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>skins</code></bdi> option instead. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328497] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/05|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W05"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:31, 29 Mutarama 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26137870 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-06</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W06"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/06|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' *The mobile site history pages now use the same HTML as the desktop history pages. If you hear of any problems relating to mobile history usage please point them to [[phab:T353388|the phabricator task]]. *On most wikis, admins can now block users from making specific actions. These actions are: uploading files, creating new pages, moving (renaming) pages, and sending thanks. The goal of this feature is to allow admins to apply blocks that are adequate to the blocked users' activity. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community health initiative/Partial blocks#action-blocks|Learn more about "action blocks"]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T242541][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T280531] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.17|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-06|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-07|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-08|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * Talk pages permalinks that included diacritics and non-Latin script were malfunctioning. This issue is fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T356199] '''Future changes''' * [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews#24WPs|24 Wikipedias]] with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reference_Tooltips|Reference Tooltips]] as a default gadget are encouraged to remove that default flag. This would make [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Reference_Previews|Reference Previews]] the new default for reference popups, leading to a more consistent experience across wikis. For [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews#46WPs|46 Wikipedias]] with less than 4 interface admins, the change is already scheduled for mid-February, [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews#Reference Previews to become the default for previewing references on more wikis.|unless there are concerns]]. The older Reference Tooltips gadget will still remain usable and will override this feature, if it is available on your wiki and you have enabled it in your settings. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/ReferencePreviews#Reference_Previews_to_become_the_default_for_previewing_references_on_more_wikis][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T355312] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/06|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W06"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:22, 5 Gashyantare 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26180971 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-07</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W07"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/07|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [[d:Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS graph split|WDQS Graph Split experiment]] is working and loaded onto 3 test servers. The team in charge is testing the split's impact and requires feedback from WDQS users through the UI or programmatically in different channels. [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata_talk:SPARQL_query_service/WDQS_graph_split][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T356773][https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/User:Sannita_(WMF)] Users' feedback will validate the impact of various use cases and workflows around the Wikidata Query service. [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:SPARQL_query_service/WDQS_backend_update/October_2023_scaling_update][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikidata_Query_Service/User_Manual#Federation] '''Problems''' *There was a bug that affected the appearance of visited links when using mobile device to access wiki sites. It made the links appear black; [[phab:T356928|this issue]] is fixed. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.18|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-13|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-14|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-15|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] As work continues on the grid engine deprecation,[https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/News/Toolforge_Grid_Engine_deprecation] tools on the grid engine will be stopped starting on February 14th, 2024. If you have tools actively migrating you can ask for an extension so they are not stopped. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Portal:Toolforge/About_Toolforge#Communication_and_support] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/07|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W07"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 05:49, 13 Gashyantare 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26223994 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-08</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W08"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/08|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * If you have the "{{int:Tog-enotifwatchlistpages}}" option enabled, edits by bot accounts no longer trigger notification emails. Previously, only minor edits would not trigger the notification emails. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T356984] * There are changes to how user and site scripts load for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Vector/2022| Vector 2022]] on specific wikis. The changes impacted the following Wikis: all projects with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Vector|Vector legacy]] as the default skin, Wikivoyage, and Wikibooks. Other wikis will be affected over the course of the next three months. Gadgets are not impacted. If you have been affected or want to minimize the impact on your project, see [[Phab:T357580| this ticket]]. Please coordinate and take action proactively. *Newly auto-created accounts (the accounts you get when you visit a new wiki) now have the same local notification preferences as users who freshly register on that wiki. It is effected in four notification types listed in the [[phab:T353225|task's description]]. *The maximum file size when using [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Upload_Wizard|Upload Wizard]] is now 5 GiB. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T191804] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.19|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-20|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-21|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-22|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Selected tools on the grid engine have been [[wikitech:News/Toolforge_Grid_Engine_deprecation|stopped]] as we prepare to shut down the grid on March 14th, 2024. The tool's code and data have not been deleted. If you are a maintainer and you want your tool re-enabled reach out to the [[wikitech:Portal:Toolforge/About_Toolforge#Communication_and_support|team]]. Only tools that have asked for extension are still running on the grid. * The CSS <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>[https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/filter filter]</code></bdi> property can now be used in HTML <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>style</code></bdi> attributes in wikitext. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308160] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/08|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W08"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 15:37, 19 Gashyantare 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26254282 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-09</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W09"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/09|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor_on_mobile|mobile visual editor]] is now the default editor for users who never edited before, at a small group of wikis. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor_on_mobile/VE_mobile_default#A/B_test_results| Research ]] shows that users using this editor are slightly more successful publishing the edits they started, and slightly less successful publishing non-reverted edits. Users who defined the wikitext editor as their default on desktop will get the wikitext editor on mobile for their first edit on mobile as well. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352127] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/ResourceLoader/Core modules#mw.config|mw.config]] value <code>wgGlobalGroups</code> now only contains groups that are active in the wiki. Scripts no longer have to check whether the group is active on the wiki via an API request. A code example of the above is: <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>if (/globalgroupname/.test(mw.config.get("wgGlobalGroups")))</code></bdi>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T356008] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.20|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-27|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-28|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-29|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''Future changes''' * The right to change [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Tags|edit tags]] (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>changetags</code></bdi>) will be removed from users in Wikimedia sites, keeping it by default for admins and bots only. Your community can ask to retain the old configuration on your wiki before this change happens. Please indicate in [[phab:T355639|this ticket]] to keep it for your community before the end of March 2024. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/09|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W09"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:23, 26 Gashyantare 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26294125 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-10</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W10"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/10|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>Special:Book</code></bdi> page (as well as the associated "Create a book" functionality) provided by the old [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Collection|Collection extension]] has been removed from all Wikisource wikis, as it was broken. This does not affect the ability to download normal books, which is provided by the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Wikisource|Wikisource extension]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358437] * [[m:Wikitech|Wikitech]] now uses the next-generation [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid|Parsoid]] wikitext parser by default to generate all pages in the Talk namespace. Report any problems on the [[mw:Talk:Parsoid/Parser_Unification/Known_Issues|Known Issues discussion page]]. You can use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:ParserMigration|ParserMigration]] extension to control the use of Parsoid; see the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration|ParserMigration help documentation]] for more details. * Maintenance on [https://etherpad.wikimedia.org etherpad] is completed. If you encounter any issues, please indicate in [[phab:T316421|this ticket]]. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=| Advanced item]] [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets|Gadgets]] allow interface admins to create custom features with CSS and JavaScript. The <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>Gadget</code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>Gadget_definition</code></bdi> namespaces and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>gadgets-definition-edit</code></bdi> user right were reserved for an experiment in 2015, but were never used. These were visible on Special:Search and Special:ListGroupRights. The unused namespaces and user rights are now removed. No pages are moved, and no changes need to be made. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T31272] * A usability improvement to the "Add a citation" in Wikipedia workflow has been made, the insert button was moved to the popup header. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T354847] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.21|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-05|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-06|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-07|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''Future changes''' * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on March 20. This is planned at 14:00 UTC. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358233] * The HTML markup of headings and section edit links will be changed later this year to improve accessibility. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Heading_HTML_changes|Heading HTML changes]] for details. The new markup will be the same as in the new Parsoid wikitext parser. You can test your gadget or stylesheet with the new markup if you add <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>?useparsoid=1</code></bdi> to your URL ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration#Selecting_a_parser_using_a_URL_query_string|more info]]) or turn on Parsoid read views in your user options ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration#Enabling_via_user_preference|more info]]). * '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/10|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W10"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:47, 4 werurwe 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26329807 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-11</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W11"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/11|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.22|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-12|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-13|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-14|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * After consulting with various communities, the line height of the text on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Minerva Neue|Minerva skin]] will be increased to its previous value of 1.65. Different options for typography can also be set using the options in the menu, as needed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358498] *The active link color in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Minerva Neue|Minerva]] will be changed to provide more consistency with our other platforms and best practices. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358516] * [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Structured data|Structured data on Commons]] will no longer ask whether you want to leave the page without saving. This will prevent the “information you’ve entered may not be saved” popups from appearing when no information have been entered. It will also make file pages on Commons load faster in certain cases. However, the popups will be hidden even if information has indeed been entered. If you accidentally close the page before saving the structured data you entered, that data will be lost. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T312315] '''Future changes''' * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on March 20. This is planned at 14:00 UTC. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358233][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server_switch] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/11|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W11"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:04, 11 werurwe 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26374013 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-12</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W12"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/12|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The notice "Language links are at the top of the page" that appears in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Vector/2022|Vector 2022 skin]] main menu has been removed now that users have learned the new location of the Language switcher. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T353619] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IP_Editing:_Privacy_Enhancement_and_Abuse_Mitigation/IP_Info_feature|IP info feature]] displays data from Spur, an IP addresses database. Previously, the only data source for this feature was MaxMind. Now, IP info is more useful for patrollers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341395] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The Toolforge Grid Engine services have been shut down after the final migration process from Grid Engine to Kubernetes. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Obsolete:Toolforge/Grid][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/News/Toolforge_Grid_Engine_deprecation][https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2022/03/14/toolforge-and-grid-engine/] * Communities can now customize the default reasons for undeleting a page by creating [[MediaWiki:Undelete-comment-dropdown]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326746] '''Problems''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/RevisionSlider|RevisionSlider]] is an interface to interactively browse a page's history. Users in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:RevisionSlider/Developing_a_RTL-accessible_feature_in_MediaWiki_-_what_we%27ve_learned_while_creating_the_RevisionSlider|right-to-left]] languages reported RevisionSlider reacting wrong to mouse clicks. This should be fixed now. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352169] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.23|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-19|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-20|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-21|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on March 20. This is planned at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1710943200 14:00 UTC]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358233][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server_switch] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/12|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W12"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:40, 18 werurwe 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26410165 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-13</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W13"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/13|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] An update was made on March 18th 2024 to how various projects load site, user JavaScript and CSS in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Vector/2022|Vector 2022 skin]]. A [[phab:T360384|checklist]] is provided for site admins to follow. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.24|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-26|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-27|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-28|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/13|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W13"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:57, 25 werurwe 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26446209 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-14</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W14"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/14|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Users of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility_for_reading|reading accessibility]] beta feature will notice that the default line height for the standard and large text options has changed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T359030] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.25|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-02|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-03|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-04|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''Future changes''' * The Wikimedia Foundation has an annual plan. The annual plan decides what the Wikimedia Foundation will work on. You can now read [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Product & Technology OKRs#Draft Key Results|the draft key results]] for the Product and Technology department. They are suggestions for what results the Foundation wants from big technical changes from July 2024 to June 2025. You can [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Product & Technology OKRs|comment on the talk page]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/14|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W14"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 03:36, 2 Mata 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26462933 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-15</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W15"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/15|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Web browsers can use tools called [[:w:en:Browser extension|extensions]]. There is now a Chrome extension called [[m:Future Audiences/Experiment:Citation Needed|Citation Needed]] which you can use to see if an online statement is supported by a Wikipedia article. This is a small experiment to see if Wikipedia can be used this way. Because it is a small experiment, it can only be used in Chrome in English. * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] A new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit Recovery|Edit Recovery]] feature has been added to all wikis, available as a [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|user preference]]. Once you enable it, your in-progress edits will be stored in your web browser, and if you accidentally close an editing window or your browser or computer crashes, you will be prompted to recover the unpublished text. Please leave any feedback on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Edit-recovery feature|project talk page]]. This was the #8 wish in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey. * Initial results of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check|Edit check]] experiments [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit_check#4_April_2024|have been published]]. Edit Check is now deployed as a default feature at [[phab:T342930#9538364|the wikis that tested it]]. [[mw:Talk:Edit check|Let us know]] if you want your wiki to be part of the next deployment of Edit check. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T342930][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361727] * Readers using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Minerva Neue|Minerva skin]] on mobile will notice there has been an improvement in the line height across all typography settings. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T359029] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.26|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-09|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-10|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-11|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * New accounts and logged-out users will get the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor|visual editor]] as their default editor on mobile. This deployment is made at all wikis except for the English Wikipedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361134] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/15|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W15"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:37, 8 Mata 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26564838 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-16</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W16"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/16|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * Between 2 April and 8 April, on wikis using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:FlaggedRevs|Flagged Revisions]], the "{{Int:tag-mw-reverted}}" tag was not applied to undone edits. In addition, page moves, protections and imports were not autoreviewed. This problem is now fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361918][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361940] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.1|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-16|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-17|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-18|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#DEFAULTSORT|Default category sort keys]] will now affect categories added by templates placed in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Cite|footnotes]]. Previously footnotes used the page title as the default sort key even if a different default sort key was specified (category-specific sort keys already worked). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T40435] * A new variable <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>page_last_edit_age</code></bdi> will be added to [[Special:AbuseFilter|abuse filters]]. It tells how many seconds ago the last edit to a page was made. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T269769] '''Future changes''' * Volunteer developers are kindly asked to update the code of their tools and features to handle [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]]. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers/2024-04 CTA|Learn more]]. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Four database fields will be removed from database replicas (including [[quarry:|Quarry]]). This affects only the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>abuse_filter</code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>abuse_filter_history</code></bdi> tables. Some queries might need to be updated. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361996] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/16|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W16"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:29, 15 Mata 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26564838 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-17</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W17"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/17|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Starting this week, newcomers editing Wikipedia [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Positive reinforcement#Leveling up 3|will be encouraged]] to try structured tasks. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature summary#Newcomer tasks|Structured tasks]] have been shown to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Personalized first day/Structured tasks/Add a link/Experiment analysis, December 2021|improve newcomer activation and retention]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T348086] * You can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award|nominate your favorite tools]] for the fifth edition of the Coolest Tool Award. Nominations will be open until May 10. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.2|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-23|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-24|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-25|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''Future changes''' * This is the last warning that by the end of May 2024 the Vector 2022 skin will no longer share site and user scripts/styles with old Vector. For user-scripts that you want to keep using on Vector 2022, copy the contents of [[{{#special:MyPage}}/vector.js]] to [[{{#special:MyPage}}/vector-2022.js]]. There are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Features/Loading Vector 2010 scripts|more technical details]] available. Interface administrators who foresee this leading to lots of technical support questions may wish to send a mass message to your community, as was done on French Wikipedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T362701] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/17|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W17"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:28, 22 Mata 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26647188 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-18</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W18"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/18|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' [[File:Talk_pages_default_look_(April_2023).jpg|thumb|alt=Screenshot of the visual improvements made on talk pages|Example of a talk page with the new design, in French.]] * The appearance of talk pages changed for the following wikis: {{int:project-localized-name-azwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-dewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hiwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-idwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ptwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-rowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-thwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ukwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-viwiki/en}}. These wikis participated to a test, where 50% of users got the new design, for one year. As this test [[Mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability/Analysis|gave positive results]], the new design is deployed on these wikis as the default design. It is possible to opt-out these changes [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|in user preferences]] ("{{int:discussiontools-preference-visualenhancements}}"). The deployment will happen at all wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341491] * Seven new wikis have been created: ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q33014|Betawi]] ([[w:bew:|<code>w:bew:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T357866] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q35708|Kusaal]] ([[w:kus:|<code>w:kus:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T359757] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q35513|Igala]] ([[w:igl:|<code>w:igl:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361644] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wiktionary}} in [[d:Q33541|Karakalpak]] ([[wikt:kaa:|<code>wikt:kaa:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T362135] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource}} in [[d:Q9228|Burmese]] ([[s:my:|<code>s:my:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361085] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource}} in [[d:Q9237|Malay]] ([[s:ms:|<code>s:ms:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T363039] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource}} in [[d:Q8108|Georgian]] ([[s:ka:|<code>s:ka:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T363085] * You can now [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Support#Early_access:_Watch_Message_Groups_on_Translatewiki.net watch message groups/projects] on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/translatewiki.net|Translatewiki.net]]. Initially, this feature will notify you of added or deleted messages in these groups. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T348501] * Dark mode is now available on all wikis, on mobile web for logged-in users who opt into the [[Special:MobileOptions|advanced mode]]. This is the early release of the feature. Technical editors are invited to [https://night-mode-checker.wmcloud.org/ check for accessibility issues on wikis]. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading/Updates/2024-04|more detailed guidelines]]. '''Problems''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] maps can use an alternative visual style without labels, by using <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mapstyle="osm"</nowiki></code></bdi>. This wasn't working in previews, creating the wrong impression that it wasn't supported. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T362531] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.3|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-30|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-01|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-02|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/18|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W18"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 03:34, 30 Mata 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26689057 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-19</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W19"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/19|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' [[File:Talk_pages_default_look_(April_2023).jpg|thumb|alt=Screenshot of the visual improvements made on talk pages|Example of a talk page with the new design, in French.]] * The appearance of talk pages changed for all wikis, except for Commons, Wikidata and most Wikipedias ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/18|a few]] have already received this design change). You can read the detail of the changes [[diffblog:2024/05/02/making-talk-pages-better-for-everyone/|on ''Diff'']]. It is possible to opt-out these changes [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|in user preferences]] ("{{int:discussiontools-preference-visualenhancements}}"). The deployment will happen at remaining wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352087][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T319146] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Interface admins now have greater control over the styling of article components on mobile with the introduction of the <code>SiteAdminHelper</code>. More information on how styles can be disabled can be found [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:WikimediaMessages#Site_admin_helper|at the extension's page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T363932] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise|Wikimedia Enterprise]] has added article body sections in JSON format and a curated short description field to the existing parsed Infobox. This expansion to the API is also available via Wikimedia Cloud Services. [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/article-sections-and-description/] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.4|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-07|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-08|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-09|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * When you look at the Special:Log page, the first view is labelled "All public logs", but it only shows some logs. This label will now say "Main public logs". [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T237729] '''Future changes''' * A new service will be built to replace [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph|Extension:Graph]]. Details can be found in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph/Plans|the latest update]] regarding this extension. * Starting May 21, English Wikipedia and German Wikipedia will get the possibility to activate "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]". This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to all Wikipedias]]. These communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|activate and configure the feature locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308144] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/19|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W19"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16:45, 6 Gicurasi 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26729363 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-20</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W20"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/20|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * On Wikisource there is a special page listing pages of works without corresponding scan images. Now you can use the new magic word <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>__EXPECTWITHOUTSCANS__</code></bdi> to exclude certain pages (list of editions or translations of works) from that list. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344214] * If you use the [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|user-preference]] "{{int:tog-uselivepreview}}", then the template-page feature "{{int:Templatesandbox-editform-legend}}" will now also work without reloading the page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T136907] * [[mw:Special:Mylanguage/Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] maps can now specify an alternative text via the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>alt=</nowiki></code></bdi> attribute. This is identical in usage to the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>alt=</nowiki></code></bdi> attribute in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Images#Syntax|image and gallery syntax]]. An exception for this feature is wikis like Wikivoyage where the miniature maps are interactive. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328137] * The old [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GuidedTour|Guided Tour]] for the "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit Review Improvements/New filters for edit review|New Filters for Edit Review]]" feature has been removed. It was created in 2017 to show people with older accounts how the interface had changed, and has now been seen by most of the intended people. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T217451] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.5|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-14|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-15|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-16|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The [[{{#special:search}}]] results page will now use CSS flex attributes, for better accessibility, instead of a table. If you have a gadget or script that adjusts search results, you should update your script to the new HTML structure. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T320295] '''Future changes''' * In the Vector 2022 skin, main pages will be displayed at full width (like special pages). The goal is to keep the number of characters per line large enough. This is related to the coming changes to typography in Vector 2022. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading/Updates|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T357706] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Two columns of the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:pagelinks table|pagelinks]]</code></bdi> database table (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>pl_namespace</code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>pl_title</code></bdi>) are being dropped soon. Users must use two columns of the new <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>[[mw:special:MyLanguage/Manual:linktarget table|linktarget]]</code></bdi> table instead (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>lt_namespace</code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>lt_title</code></bdi>). In your existing SQL queries: *# Replace <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>JOIN pagelinks</code></bdi> with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>JOIN linktarget</code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>pl_</code></bdi> with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>lt_</code></bdi> in the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>ON</code></bdi> statement *# Below that add <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>JOIN pagelinks ON lt_id = pl_target_id</code></bdi> ** See <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[phab:T222224]]</bdi> for technical reasoning. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T222224][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T299947] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/20|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W20"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:59, 13 Gicurasi 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26762074 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-21</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W21"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/21|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Nuke|Nuke]] feature, which enables administrators to mass delete pages, will now correctly delete pages which were moved to another title. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T43351] * New changes have been made to the UploadWizard in Wikimedia Commons: the overall layout has been improved, by following new styling and spacing for the form and its fields; the headers and helper text for each of the fields was changed; the Caption field is now a required field, and there is an option for users to copy their caption into the media description. [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:WMF_support_for_Commons/Upload_Wizard_Improvements#Changes_to_%22Describe%22_workflow][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361049] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.6|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-21|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-22|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-23|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The HTML used to render all headings [[mw:Heading_HTML_changes|is being changed to improve accessibility]]. It will change on 22 May in some skins (Timeless, Modern, CologneBlue, Nostalgia, and Monobook). Please test gadgets on your wiki on these skins and [[phab:T13555|report any related problems]] so that they can be resolved before this change is made in all other skins. The developers are also considering the introduction of a [[phab:T337286|Gadget API for adding buttons to section titles]] if that would be helpful to tool creators, and would appreciate any input you have on that. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/21|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W21"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:04, 20 Gicurasi 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26786311 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-22</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W22"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/22|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Several bugs related to the latest updates to the UploadWizard on Wikimedia Commons have been fixed. For more information, see [[:phab:T365107|T365107]] and [[:phab:T365119|T365119]]. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] In March 2024 a new [[mw:ResourceLoader/Core_modules#addPortlet|addPortlet]] API was added to allow gadgets to create new portlets (menus) in the skin. In certain skins this can be used to create dropdowns. Gadget developers are invited to try it and [[phab:T361661|give feedback]]. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Some CSS in the Minerva skin has been removed to enable easier community configuration. Interface editors should check the rendering on mobile devices for aspects related to the classes: <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>.collapsible</code></bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>.multicol</code></bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>.reflist</code></bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>.coordinates</code></bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>.topicon</code></bdi>. [[phab:T361659|Further details are available on replacement CSS]] if it is needed. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.7|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-28|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-29|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-30|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * When you visit a wiki where you don't yet have a local account, local rules such as edit filters can sometimes prevent your account from being created. Starting this week, MediaWiki takes your global rights into account when evaluating whether you can override such local rules. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T316303] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/22|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W22"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:15, 28 Gicurasi 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26832205 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-23</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W23"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/23|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * It is now possible for local administrators to add new links to the bottom of the site Tools menu without JavaScript. [[mw:Manual:Interface/Sidebar#Add or remove toolbox sections|Documentation is available]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T6086] * The message name for the definition of the tracking category of WikiHiero has changed from "<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>MediaWiki:Wikhiero-usage-tracking-category</code></bdi>" to "<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>MediaWiki:Wikihiero-usage-tracking-category</code></bdi>". [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/c/mediawiki/extensions/wikihiero/+/1035855] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q5317225|Kadazandusun]] ([[w:dtp:|<code>w:dtp:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T365220] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.8|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-04|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-05|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-06|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''Future changes''' * Next week, on wikis with the Vector 2022 skin as the default, logged-out desktop users will be able to choose between different font sizes. The default font size will also be increased for them. This is to make Wikimedia projects easier to read. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading/Updates/2024-06 deployments|Learn more]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/23|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W23"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:35, 3 Kamena 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26844397 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-24</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W24"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/24|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The software used to render SVG files has been updated to a new version, fixing many longstanding bugs in SVG rendering. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T265549] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The HTML used to render all headings [[mw:Heading HTML changes|is being changed to improve accessibility]]. It was changed last week in some skins (Vector legacy and Minerva). Please test gadgets on your wiki on these skins and [[phab:T13555|report any related problems]] so that they can be resolved before this change is made in Vector-2022. The developers are still considering the introduction of a [[phab:T337286|Gadget API for adding buttons to section titles]] if that would be helpful to tool creators, and would appreciate any input you have on that. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The HTML markup used for citations by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid|Parsoid]] changed last week. In places where Parsoid previously added the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>mw-reference-text</code></bdi> class, Parsoid now also adds the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>reference-text</code></bdi> class for better compatibility with the legacy parser. [[mw:Specs/HTML/2.8.0/Extensions/Cite/Announcement|More details are available]]. [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/1036705] '''Problems''' * There was a bug with the Content Translation interface that caused the tools menus to appear in the wrong location. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366374] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.9|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-11|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-12|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-13|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The new version of MediaWiki includes another change to the HTML markup used for citations: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid|Parsoid]] will now generate a <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki><span class="mw-cite-backlink"></nowiki></code></bdi> wrapper for both named and unnamed references for better compatibility with the legacy parser. Interface administrators should verify that gadgets that interact with citations are compatible with the new markup. [[mw:Specs/HTML/2.8.0/Extensions/Cite/Announcement|More details are available]]. [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/1035809] * On multilingual wikis that use the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki><translate></nowiki></code></bdi> system, there is a feature that shows potentially-outdated translations with a pink background until they are updated or confirmed. From this week, confirming translations will be logged, and there is a new user-right that can be required for confirming translations if the community [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Requesting wiki configuration changes|requests it]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T49177] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/24|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W24"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:20, 10 Kamena 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26893898 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-25</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W25"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/25|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * People who attempt to add an external link in the visual editor will now receive immediate feedback if they attempt to link to a domain that a project has decided to block. Please see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit_check#11_June_2024|Edit check]] for more details. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366751] * The new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CommunityConfiguration|Community Configuration extension]] is available [[testwiki:Special:CommunityConfiguration|on Test Wikipedia]]. This extension allows communities to customize specific features to meet their local needs. Currently only Growth features are configurable, but the extension will support other [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Community_configuration#Use_cases|Community Configuration use cases]] in the future. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T323811][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T360954] * The dark mode [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]] is now available on category and help pages, as well as more special pages. There may be contrast issues. Please report bugs on the [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Accessibility_for_reading|project talk page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366370] '''Problems''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Cloud Services tools were not available for 25 minutes last week. This was caused by a faulty hardware cable in the data center. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incidents/2024-06-11_WMCS_Ceph] * Last week, styling updates were made to the Vector 2022 skin. This caused unforeseen issues with templates, hatnotes, and images. Changes to templates and hatnotes were reverted. Most issues with images were fixed. If you still see any, [[phab:T367463|report them here]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T367480] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.10|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-18|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-19|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-20|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * Starting June 18, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#ref|Reference Edit Check]] will be deployed to [[phab:T361843|a new set of Wikipedias]]. This feature is intended to help newcomers and to assist edit-patrollers by inviting people who are adding new content to a Wikipedia article to add a citation when they do not do so themselves. During [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit_check#Reference_Check_A/B_Test|a test at 11 wikis]], the number of citations added [https://diff.wikimedia.org/?p=127553 more than doubled] when Reference Check was shown to people. Reference Check is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Configuration|community configurable]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361843]<!-- NOTE: THE DIFF BLOG WILL BE PUBLISHED ON MONDAY --> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Mailing_lists|Mailing lists]] will be unavailable for roughly two hours on Tuesday 10:00–12:00 UTC. This is to enable migration to a new server and upgrade its software. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T367521] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/25|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W25"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:49, 17 Kamena 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26911987 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-26</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W26"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/26|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Editors will notice that there have been some changes to the background color of text in the diff view, and the color of the byte-change numbers, last week. These changes are intended to make text more readable in both light mode and dark mode, and are part of a larger effort to increase accessibility. You can share your comments or questions [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading|on the project talkpage]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361717] * The text colors that are used for visited-links, hovered-links, and active-links, were also slightly changed last week to improve their accessibility in both light mode and dark mode. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366515] '''Problems''' * You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#Talk pages permalinking|copy permanent links to talk page comments]] by clicking on a comment's timestamp. [[mw:Talk pages project/Permalinks|This feature]] did not always work when the topic title was very long and the link was used as a wikitext link. This has been fixed. Thanks to Lofhi for submitting the bug. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T356196] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.11|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-25|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-26|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-27|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * Starting 26 June, all talk pages messages' timestamps will become a link at English Wikipedia, making this feature available for you to use at all wikis. This link is a permanent link to the comment. It allows users to find the comment they were linked to, even if this comment has since been moved elsewhere. You can read more about this feature [[DiffBlog:/2024/01/29/talk-page-permalinks-dont-lose-your-threads/|on Diff]] or [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#Talk pages permalinking|on Mediawiki.org]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T365974] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/26|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W26"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:33, 24 Kamena 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26989424 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-27</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W27"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/27|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Over the next three weeks, dark mode will become available for all users, both logged-in and logged-out, starting with the mobile web version. This fulfils one of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community_Wishlist_Survey_2023/Reading/Dark_mode|top-requested community wishes]], and improves low-contrast reading and usage in low-light settings. As part of these changes, dark mode will also work on User-pages and Portals. There is more information in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility_for_reading/Updates#June_2024:_Typography_and_dark_mode_deployments,_new_global_preferences|the latest Web team update]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366364] * Logged-in users can now set [[m:Special:GlobalPreferences#mw-prefsection-rendering-skin-skin-prefs|global preferences for the text-size and dark-mode]], thanks to a combined effort across Foundation teams. This allows Wikimedians using multiple wikis to set up a consistent reading experience easily, for example by switching between light and dark mode only once for all wikis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341278] * If you use a very old web browser some features might not work on the Wikimedia wikis. This affects Internet Explorer 11 and versions of Chrome, Firefox and Safari older than 2016. This change makes it possible to use new [[d:Q46441|CSS]] features and to send less code to all readers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T288287][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:How_to_make_a_MediaWiki_skin#Using_CSS_variables_for_supporting_different_themes_e.g._dark_mode] * Wikipedia Admins can customize local wiki configuration options easily using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Community Configuration|Community Configuration]]. Community Configuration was created to allow communities to customize how some features work, because each language wiki has unique needs. At the moment, admins can configure [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature_summary|Growth features]] on their home wikis, in order to better recruit and retain new editors. More options will be provided in the coming months. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366458] * Editors interested in language issues that are related to [[w:en:Unicode|Unicode standards]], can now discuss those topics at [[mw:Talk:WMF membership with Unicode Consortium|a new conversation space in MediaWiki.org]]. The Wikimedia Foundation is now a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/WMF membership with Unicode Consortium|member of the Unicode Consortium]], and the coordination group can collaboratively review the issues discussed and, where appropriate, bring them to the attention of the Unicode Consortium. * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q2891049|Mandailing]] ([[w:btm:|<code>w:btm:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368038] '''Problems''' * Editors can once again click on links within the visual editor's citation-preview, thanks to a bug fix by the Editing Team. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368119] '''Future changes''' * Please [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/758713?lang=en help us to improve Tech News by taking this short survey]. The goal is to better meet the needs of the various types of people who read Tech News. The survey will be open for 2 weeks. The survey is covered by [https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Legal:Tech_News_Survey_2024_Privacy_Statement this privacy statement]. Some translations are available. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/27|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W27"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:59, 1 Nyakanga 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27038456 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-28</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W28"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/28|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * At the Wikimedia Foundation a new task force was formed to replace the disabled Graph with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project|more secure, easy to use, and extensible Chart]]. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Newsletter:Chart Project|subscribe to the newsletter]] to get notified about new project updates and other news about Chart. * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents]] extension is now available on Meta-wiki, Igbo Wikipedia, and Swahili Wikipedia, and can be requested on your wiki. This extension helps in managing and making events more visible, giving Event organizers the ability to use tools like the Event registration tool. To learn more about the deployment status and how to request this extension for your wiki, visit the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment_status|CampaignEvents page on Meta-wiki]]. * Editors using the iOS Wikipedia app who have more than 50 edits can now use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/iOS Suggested edits#Add an image|Add an Image]] feature. This feature presents opportunities for small but useful contributions to Wikipedia. * Thank you to [[mw:MediaWiki Product Insights/Contributor retention and growth/Celebration|all of the authors]] who have contributed to MediaWiki Core. As a result of these contributions, the [[mw:MediaWiki Product Insights/Contributor retention and growth|percentage of authors contributing more than 5 patches has increased by 25% since last year]], which helps ensure the sustainability of the platform for the Wikimedia projects. '''Problems''' * A problem with the color of the talkpage tabs always showing as blue, even for non-existent pages which should have been red, affecting the Vector 2022 skin, [[phab:T367982|has been fixed]]. '''Future changes''' * The Trust and Safety Product team wants to introduce [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] with as little disruption to tools and workflows as possible. Volunteer developers, including gadget and user-script maintainers, are kindly asked to update the code of their tools and features to handle temporary accounts. The team has [[mw:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers|created documentation]] explaining how to do the update. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers/2024-04 CTA|Learn more]]. '''Tech News survey''' * Please [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/758713?lang=en help us to improve Tech News by taking this short survey]. The goal is to better meet the needs of the various types of people who read Tech News. The survey will be open for 1 more week. The survey is covered by [https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Legal:Tech_News_Survey_2024_Privacy_Statement this privacy statement]. Some translations are available. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/28|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W28"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:32, 8 Nyakanga 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27080357 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-29</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W29"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/29|Translations]] are available. '''Tech News survey''' * Please [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/758713?lang=en help us to improve Tech News by taking this short survey]. The goal is to better meet the needs of the various types of people who read Tech News. The survey will be open for 3 more days. The survey is covered by [https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Legal:Tech_News_Survey_2024_Privacy_Statement this privacy statement]. Some translations are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Wikimedia developers can now officially continue to use both [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Gerrit|Gerrit]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]], due to a June 24 decision by the Wikimedia Foundation to support software development on both platforms. Gerrit and GitLab are both code repositories used by developers to write, review, and deploy the software code that supports the MediaWiki software that the wiki projects are built on, as well as the tools used by editors to create and improve content. This decision will safeguard the productivity of our developers and prevent problems in code review from affecting our users. More details are available in the [[mw:GitLab/Migration status|Migration status]] page. * The Wikimedia Foundation seeks applicants for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Proposal|Product and Technology Advisory Council]] (PTAC). This group will bring technical contributors and Wikimedia Foundation together to co-define a more resilient, future-proof technological platform. Council members will evaluate and consult on the movement's product and technical activities, so that we develop multi-generational projects. We are looking for a range of technical contributors across the globe, from a variety of Wikimedia projects. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Proposal#Joining the PTAC as a technical volunteer|Please apply here by August 10]]. * Editors with rollback user-rights who use the Wikipedia App for Android can use the new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/Anti Vandalism|Edit Patrol]] features. These features include a new feed of Recent Changes, related links such as Undo and Rollback, and the ability to create and save a personal library of user talk messages to use while patrolling. If your wiki wants to make these features available to users who do not have rollback rights but have reached a certain edit threshold, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android#Contact us|you can contact the team]]. You can [[diffblog:2024/07/10/ِaddressing-vandalism-with-a-tap-the-journey-of-introducing-the-patrolling-feature-in-the-mobile-app/|read more about this project on Diff blog]]. * Editors who have access to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/The_Wikipedia_Library|The Wikipedia Library]] can once again use non-open access content in SpringerLinks, after the Foundation [[phab:T368865|contacted]] them to restore access. You can read more about [[m:Tech/News/Recently_resolved_community_tasks|this and 21 other community-submitted tasks that were completed last week]]. '''Changes later this week''' * This week, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading/Updates/2024-07 deployments|dark mode will be available on a number of Wikipedias]], both desktop and mobile, for logged-in and logged-out users. Interface admins and user script maintainers are encouraged to check gadgets and user scripts in the dark mode, to find any hard-coded colors and fix them. There are some [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Recommendations for night mode compatibility on Wikimedia wikis|recommendations for dark mode compatibility]] to help. '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Next week, functionaries, volunteers maintaining tools, and software development teams are invited to test the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] feature on testwiki. Temporary accounts is a feature that will help improve privacy on the wikis. No further temporary account deployments are scheduled yet. Please [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|share your opinions and questions on the project talk page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T348895] * Editors who upload files cross-wiki, or teach other people how to do so, may wish to join a Wikimedia Commons discussion. The Commons community is discussing limiting who can upload files through the cross-wiki upload/Upload dialog feature to users auto-confirmed on Wikimedia Commons. This is due to the large amount of copyright violations uploaded this way. There is a short summary at [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Cross-wiki upload|Commons:Cross-wiki upload]] and [[c:Commons:Village pump/Proposals#Deactivate cross-wiki uploads for new users|discussion at Commons:Village Pump]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/29|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' You can also get other news from the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin]]. </div><section end="technews-2024-W29"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:31, 16 Nyakanga 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27124561 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-30</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W30"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/30|Translations]] are available. '''Feature News''' * Stewards can now [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_blocks|globally block]] accounts. Before [[phab:T17294|the change]] only IP addresses and IP ranges could be blocked globally. Global account blocks are useful when the blocked user should not be logged out. [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_locks|Global locks]] (a similar tool logging the user out of their account) are unaffected by this change. The new global account block feature is related to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|Temporary Accounts]] project, which is a new type of user account that replaces IP addresses of unregistered editors that are no longer made public. * Later this week, Wikimedia site users will notice that the Interface of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:FlaggedRevs|FlaggedRevs]] (also known as "Pending Changes") is improved and consistent with the rest of the MediaWiki interface and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|Wikimedia's design system]]. The FlaggedRevs interface experience on mobile and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:MinervaNeue|Minerva skin]] was inconsistent before it was fixed and ported to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|Codex]] by the WMF Growth team and some volunteers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T191156] * Wikimedia site users can now submit account vanishing requests via [[m:Special:GlobalVanishRequest|GlobalVanishRequest]]. This feature is used when a contributor wishes to stop editing forever. It helps you hide your past association and edit to protect your privacy. Once processed, the account will be locked and renamed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T367329] * Have you tried monitoring and addressing vandalism in Wikipedia using your phone? [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/10/%d9%90addressing-vandalism-with-a-tap-the-journey-of-introducing-the-patrolling-feature-in-the-mobile-app/ A Diff blog post on Patrolling features in the Mobile App] highlights some of the new capabilities of the feature, including swiping through a feed of recent changes and a personal library of user talk messages for use when patrolling from your phone. * Wikimedia contributors and GLAM (galleries, libraries, archives, and museums) organisations can now learn and measure the impact Wikimedia Commons is having towards creating quality encyclopedic content using the [https://doc.wikimedia.org/generated-data-platform/aqs/analytics-api/reference/commons.html Commons Impact Metrics] analytics dashboard. The dashboard offers organizations analytics on things like monthly edits in a category, the most viewed files, and which Wikimedia articles are using Commons images. As a result of these new data dumps, GLAM organisation can more reliably measure their return on investment for programs bringing content into the digital Commons. [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/19/commons-impact-metrics-now-available-via-data-dumps-and-api/] '''Project Updates''' * Come share your ideas for improving the wikis on the newly reopened [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist|Community Wishlist]]. The Community Wishlist is Wikimedia’s forum for volunteers to share ideas (called wishes) to improve how the wikis work. The new version of the wishlist is always open, works with both wikitext and Visual Editor, and allows wishes in any language. '''Learn more''' * Have you ever wondered how Wikimedia software works across over 300 languages? This is 253 languages more than the Google Chrome interface, and it's no accident. The Language and Product Localization Team at the Wikimedia Foundation supports your work by adapting all the tools and interfaces in the MediaWiki software so that contributors in our movement who translate pages and strings can translate them and have the sites in all languages. Read more about the team and their upcoming work on [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/17/building-towards-a-robust-multilingual-knowledge-ecosystem-for-the-wikimedia-movement/ Diff]. * How can Wikimedia build innovative and experimental products while maintaining such heavily used websites? A recent [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/09/on-the-value-of-experimentation/ blog post] by WMF staff Johan Jönsson highlights the work of the [[m:Future Audiences#Objectives and Key Results|WMF Future Audience initiative]], where the goal is not to build polished products but test out new ideas, such as a [[m:Future_Audiences/Experiments: conversational/generative AI|ChatGPT plugin]] and [[m:Future_Audiences/Experiment:Add a Fact|Add a Fact]], to help take Wikimedia into the future. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/30|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' You can also get other news from the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin]]. </div><section end="technews-2024-W30"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:04, 23 Nyakanga 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27142915 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-31</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W31"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/31|Translations]] are available. '''Feature news''' * Editors using the Visual Editor in languages that use non-Latin characters for numbers, such as Hindi, Manipuri and Eastern Arabic, may notice some changes in the formatting of reference numbers. This is a side effect of preparing a new sub-referencing feature, and will also allow fixing some general numbering issues in Visual Editor. If you notice any related problems on your wiki, please share details at the [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|project talkpage]]. '''Bugs status''' * Some logged-in editors were briefly unable to edit or load pages last week. [[phab:T370304|These errors]] were mainly due to the addition of new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Linter|linter]] rules which led to caching problems. Fixes have been applied and investigations are continuing. * Editors can use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/IP Info|IP Information tool]] to get information about IP addresses. This tool is available as a Beta Feature in your preferences. The tool was not available for a few days last week, but is now working again. Thank you to Shizhao for filing the bug report. You can read about that, and [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks#2024-07-25|28 other community-submitted tasks]] that were resolved last week. '''Project updates''' * There are new features and improvements to Phabricator from the Release Engineering and Collaboration Services teams, and some volunteers, including: the search systems, the new task creation system, the login systems, the translation setup which has resulted in support for more languages (thanks to Pppery), and fixes for many edge-case errors. You can [[phab:phame/post/view/316/iterative_improvements/|read details about these and other improvements in this summary]]. * There is an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates|update on the Charts project]]. The team has decided which visualization library to use, which chart types to start focusing on, and where to store chart definitions. * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikivoyage}} in [[d:Q9056|Czech]] ([[voy:cs:|<code>voy:cs:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370905] '''Learn more''' * There is a [[diffblog:2024/07/26/the-journey-to-open-our-first-data-center-in-south-america/|new Wikimedia Foundation data center]] in São Paulo, Brazil which helps to reduce load times. * There is new [[diffblog:2024/07/22/the-perplexing-process-of-uploading-images-to-wikipedia/|user research]] on problems with the process of uploading images. * Commons Impact Metrics are [[diffblog:2024/07/19/commons-impact-metrics-now-available-via-data-dumps-and-api/|now available]] via data dumps and API. * The latest quarterly [[mw:Technical Community Newsletter/2024/July|Technical Community Newsletter]] is now available. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/31|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W31"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:11, 29 Nyakanga 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27164109 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-32</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W32"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/32|Translations]] are available. '''Feature news''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Two new parser functions will be available this week: <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic_words#dir|#dir]]<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> and <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic_words#bcp47|#bcp47]]<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code>. These will reduce the need for <code>Template:Dir</code> and <code>Template:BCP47</code> on Commons and allow us to [[phab:T343131|drop 100 million rows]] from the "what links here" database. Editors at any wiki that use these templates, can help by replacing the templates with these new functions. The templates at Commons will be updated during the Hackathon at Wikimania. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T359761][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366623] * Communities can request the activation of the visual editor on entire namespaces where discussions sometimes happen (for instance ''Wikipedia:'' or ''Wikisource:'' namespaces) if they understand the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/FAQ#WPNS|known limitations]]. For discussions, users can already use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] in these namespaces. * The tracking category "Pages using Timeline" has been renamed to "Pages using the EasyTimeline extension" [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3ATimeline-tracking-category&namespace=8 in TranslateWiki]. Wikis that have created the category locally should rename their local creation to match. '''Project updates''' * Editors who help to organize WikiProjects and similar on-wiki collaborations, are invited to share ideas and examples of successful collaborations with the Campaigns and Programs teams. You can fill out [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Campaigns/WikiProjects|a brief survey]] or share your thoughts [[m:Talk:Campaigns/WikiProjects|on the talkpage]]. The teams are particularly looking for details about successful collaborations on non-English wikis. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] The new parser is being rolled out on {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikivoyage}} wikis over the next few months. The {{int:project-localized-name-enwikivoyage}} and {{int:project-localized-name-hewikivoyage}} were [[phab:T365367|switched]] to Parsoid last week. For more information, see [[mw:Parsoid/Parser_Unification|Parsoid/Parser Unification]]. '''Learn more''' * There will be more than 200 sessions at Wikimania this week. Here is a summary of some of the [[diffblog:2024/08/05/interested-in-product-and-tech-here-are-some-wikimania-sessions-you-dont-want-to-miss/|key sessions related to the product and technology area]]. * The latest [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2024/07-02|Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin]] is available. * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2024/July|Language and Internationalization newsletter]] is available. It includes: New design previews for Translatable pages; Updates about MinT for Wiki Readers; the release of Translation dumps; and more. * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters/31|Growth newsletter]] is available. * The latest monthly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Reports/July 2024|MediaWiki Product Insights newsletter]] is available. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/32|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W32"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:43, 5 Kanama 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27233905 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-33</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W33"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/33|Translations]] are available. '''Feature news''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]] editors and maintainers can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter/Actions#Show a CAPTCHA|make a CAPTCHA show if a filter matches an edit]]. This allows communities to quickly respond to spamming by automated bots. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T20110] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Stewards|Stewards]] can now specify if global blocks should prevent account creation. Before [[phab:T17273|this change]] by the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product|Trust and Safety Product]] Team, all global blocks would prevent account creation. This will allow stewards to reduce the unintended side-effects of global blocks on IP addresses. '''Project updates''' * [[wikitech:Help talk:Toolforge/Toolforge standards committee#August_2024_committee_nominations|Nominations are open on Wikitech]] for new members to refresh the [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Toolforge standards committee|Toolforge standards committee]]. The committee oversees the Toolforge [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Right to fork policy|Right to fork policy]] and [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Abandoned tool policy|Abandoned tool policy]] among other duties. Nominations will remain open until at least 2024-08-26. * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q2880037|West Coast Bajau]] ([[w:bdr:|<code>w:bdr:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T371757] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/33|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W33"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:22, 12 Kanama 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27253654 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-34</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W34"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/34|Translations]] are available. '''Feature news''' * Editors who want to re-use references but with different details such as page numbers, will be able to do so by the end of 2024, using a new [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Sub-referencing in a nutshell|sub-referencing]] feature. You can read more [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|about the project]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Test|how to test the prototype]]. * Editors using tracking categories to identify which pages use specific extensions may notice that six of the categories have been renamed to make them more easily understood and consistent. These categories are automatically added to pages that use specialized MediaWiki extensions. The affected names are for: [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Aintersection-category&namespace=8 DynamicPageList], [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Akartographer-tracking-category&namespace=8 Kartographer], [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Aphonos-tracking-category&namespace=8 Phonos], [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Arss-tracking-category&namespace=8 RSS], [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Ascore-use-category&namespace=8 Score], [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Awikihiero-usage-tracking-category&namespace=8 WikiHiero]. Wikis that have created the category locally should rename their local creation to match. Thanks to Pppery for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T347324] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Technical volunteers who edit modules and want to get a list of the categories used on a page, can now do so using the <code><bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">categories</bdi></code> property of <code><bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">[[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#Title objects|mw.title objects]]</bdi></code>. This enables wikis to configure workflows such as category-specific edit notices. Thanks to SD001 for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T50175][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T85372] '''Bugs status''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Your help is needed to check if any pages need to be moved or deleted. A maintenance script was run to clean up unreachable pages (due to Unicode issues or introduction of new namespaces/namespace aliases). The script tried to find appropriate names for the pages (e.g. by following the Unicode changes or by moving pages whose titles on Wikipedia start with <code>Talk:WP:</code> so that their titles start with <code>Wikipedia talk:</code>), but it may have failed for some pages, and moved them to <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">[[Special:PrefixIndex/T195546/]]</bdi> instead. Your community should check if any pages are listed there, and move them to the correct titles, or delete them if they are no longer needed. A full log (including pages for which appropriate names could be found) is available in [[phab:P67388]]. * Editors who volunteer as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Mentorship|mentors]] to newcomers on their wiki are once again able to access lists of potential mentees who they can connect with to offer help and guidance. This functionality was restored thanks to [[phab:T372164|a bug fix]]. Thank you to Mbch331 for filing the bug report. You can read about that, and 18 other community-submitted tasks that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Project updates''' * The application deadline for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Proposal|Product & Technology Advisory Council]] (PTAC) has been extended to September 16. Members will help by providing advice to Foundation Product and Technology leadership on short and long term plans, on complex strategic problems, and help to get feedback from more contributors and technical communities. Selected members should expect to spend roughly 5 hours per month for the Council, during the one year pilot. Please consider applying, and spread the word to volunteers you think would make a positive contribution to the committee. '''Learn more''' * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award#2024 Winners|2024 Coolest Tool Awards]] were awarded at Wikimania, in seven categories. For example, one award went to the ISA Tool, used for adding structured data to files on Commons, which was recently improved during the [[m:Event:Wiki Mentor Africa ISA Hackathon 2024|Wiki Mentor Africa Hackathon]]. You can see video demonstrations of each tool at the awards page. Congratulations to this year's recipients, and thank you to all tool creators and maintainers. * The latest [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2024/08-01|Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin]] is available, and includes some highlights from Wikimania, an upcoming Language community meeting, and other news from the movement. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/34|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W34"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:54, 20 Kanama 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27307284 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-35</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W35"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/35|Translations]] are available. '''Feature news''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Administrators can now test the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] feature on test2wiki. This was done to allow cross-wiki testing of temporary accounts, for when temporary accounts switch between projects. The feature was enabled on testwiki a few weeks ago. No further temporary account deployments are scheduled yet. Temporary Accounts is a project to create a new type of user account that replaces IP addresses of unregistered editors which are no longer made public. Please [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|share your opinions and questions on the project talk page]]. * Later this week, editors at wikis that use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:FlaggedRevs|FlaggedRevs]] (also known as "Pending Changes") may notice that the indicators at the top of articles have changed. This change makes the system more consistent with the rest of the MediaWiki interface. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T191156] '''Bugs status''' * Editors who use the 2010 wikitext editor, and use the Character Insert buttons, will [[phab:T361465|no longer]] experience problems with the buttons adding content into the edit-summary instead of the edit-window. You can read more about that, and 26 other community-submitted tasks that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Project updates''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] Please review and vote on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas|Focus Areas]], which are groups of wishes that share a problem. Focus Areas were created for the newly reopened Community Wishlist, which is now open year-round for submissions. The first batch of focus areas are specific to moderator workflows, around welcoming newcomers, minimizing repetitive tasks, and prioritizing tasks. Once volunteers have reviewed and voted on focus areas, the Foundation will then review and select focus areas for prioritization. * Do you have a project and are willing to provide a three (3) month mentorship for an intern? [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Outreachy|Outreachy]] is a twice a year program for people to participate in a paid internship that will start in December 2024 and end in early March 2025, and they need mentors and projects to work on. Projects can be focused on coding or non-coding (design, documentation, translation, research). See the Outreachy page for more details, and a list of past projects since 2013. '''Learn more''' * If you're curious about the product and technology improvements made by the Wikimedia Foundation last year, read [[diffblog:2024/08/21/wikimedia-foundation-product-technology-improving-the-user-experience/|this recent highlights summary on Diff]]. * To learn more about the technology behind the Wikimedia projects, you can now watch sessions from the technology track at Wikimania 2024 on Commons. This week, check out: ** [[c:File:Wikimania 2024 - Ohrid - Day 2 - Community Configuration - Shaping On-Wiki Functionality Together.webm|Community Configuration - Shaping On-Wiki Functionality Together]] (55 mins) - about the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Community Configuration|Community Configuration]] project. ** [[c:File:Wikimania 2024 - Belgrade - Day 1 - Future of MediaWiki. A sustainable platform to support a collaborative user base and billions of page views.webm|Future of MediaWiki. A sustainable platform to support a collaborative user base and billions of page views]] (30 mins) - an overview for both technical and non technical audiences, covering some of the challenges and open questions, related to the [[mw:MediaWiki Product Insights|platform evolution, stewardship and developer experiences]] research. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/35|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W35"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:34, 26 Kanama 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27341211 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-36</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W36"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/36|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Editors and volunteer developers interested in data visualisation can now test the new software for charts. Its early version is available on beta Commons and beta Wikipedia. This is an important milestone before making charts available on regular wikis. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates|read more about this project update]] and help to test the charts. '''Feature news''' * Editors who use the [[{{#special:Unusedtemplates}}]] page can now filter out pages which are expected to be there permanently, such as sandboxes, test-cases, and templates that are always substituted. Editors can add the new magic word [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#EXPECTUNUSEDTEMPLATE|<code dir="ltr"><nowiki>__EXPECTUNUSEDTEMPLATE__</nowiki></code>]] to a template page to hide it from the listing. Thanks to Sophivorus and DannyS712 for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T184633] * Editors who use the New Topic tool on discussion pages, will [[phab:T334163|now be reminded]] to add a section header, which should help reduce the quantity of newcomers who add sections without a header. You can read more about that, and {{formatnum:28}} other community-submitted tasks that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. * Last week, some Toolforge tools had occasional connection problems. The cause is still being investigated, but the problems have been resolved for now. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373243] * Translation administrators at multilingual wikis, when editing multiple translation units, can now easily mark which changes require updates to the translation. This is possible with the [[phab:T298852#10087288|new dropdown menu]]. '''Project updates''' * A new draft text of a policy discussing the use of Wikimedia's APIs [[m:Special:MyLanguage/API Policy Update 2024|has been published on Meta-Wiki]]. The draft text does not reflect a change in policy around the APIs; instead, it is an attempt to codify existing API rules. Comments, questions, and suggestions are welcome on [[m:Talk:API Policy Update 2024|the proposed update’s talk page]] until September 13 or until those discussions have concluded. '''Learn more''' * To learn more about the technology behind the Wikimedia projects, you can now watch sessions from the technology track at Wikimania 2024 on Commons. This week, check out: ** [[c:File:Wikimania 2024 - Ohrid - Day 2 - Charts, the successor of Graphs - A secure and extensible tool for data visualization.webm|Charts, the successor of Graphs - A secure and extensible tool for data visualization]] (25 mins) – about the above-mentioned Charts project. ** [[c:File:Wikimania 2024 - Ohrid - Day 3 - State of Language Technology and Onboarding at Wikimedia.webm|State of Language Technology and Onboarding at Wikimedia]] (90 mins) – about some of the language tools that support Wikimedia sites, such as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation|Content]]/[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation/Section translation|Section Translation]], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MinT|MinT]], and LanguageConverter; also the current state and future of languages onboarding. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368772] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/36|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W36"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:08, 3 Nzeri 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27390268 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-37</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W37"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/37|Translations]] are available. '''Feature news''' * Starting this week, the standard [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|syntax highlighter]] will receive new colors that make them compatible in dark mode. This is the first of many changes to come as part of a major upgrade to syntax highlighting. You can learn more about what's to come on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|help page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T365311][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T259059] * Editors of wikis using Wikidata will now be notified of only relevant Wikidata changes in their watchlist. This is because the Lua functions <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>entity:getSitelink()</code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>mw.wikibase.getSitelink(qid)</code></bdi> will have their logic unified for tracking different aspects of sitelinks to reduce junk notifications from [[m:Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects/Projects/Watchlist Wikidata Sitelinks Tracking|inconsistent sitelinks tracking]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T295356] '''Project updates''' * Users of all Wikis will have access to Wikimedia sites as read-only for a few minutes on September 25, starting at 15:00 UTC. This is a planned datacenter switchover for maintenance purposes. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370962] * Contributors of [[phab:T363538#10123348|11 Wikipedias]], including English will have a new <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>MOS</code></bdi> namespace added to their Wikipedias. This improvement ensures that links beginning with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>MOS:</code></bdi> (usually shortcuts to the [[w:en:Wikipedia:Manual of Style|Manual of Style]]) are not broken by [[w:en:Mooré|Mooré]] Wikipedia (language code <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>mos</code></bdi>). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T363538] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/37|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W37"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:53, 9 Nzeri 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27424457 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-38</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W38"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/38|Translations]] are available. '''Improvements and Maintenance''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] Editors interested in templates can help by reading the latest Wishlist focus area, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas/Template recall and discovery|Template recall and discovery]], and share your feedback on the talkpage. This input helps the Community Tech team to decide the right technical approach to build. Everyone is also encouraged to continue adding [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist|new wishes]]. * The new automated [[{{#special:NamespaceInfo}}]] page helps editors understand which [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Namespaces|namespaces]] exist on each wiki, and some details about how they are configured. Thanks to DannyS712 for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T263513] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Reference check|References Check]] is a feature that encourages editors to add a citation when they add a new paragraph to a Wikipedia article. For a short time, the corresponding tag "Edit Check (references) activated" was erroneously being applied to some edits outside of the main namespace. This has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373692] * It is now possible for a wiki community to change the order in which a page’s categories are displayed on their wiki. By default, categories are displayed in the order they appear in the wikitext. Now, wikis with a consensus to do so can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Requesting wiki configuration changes|request]] a configuration change to display them in alphabetical order. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373480] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Tool authors can now access ToolsDB's [[wikitech:Portal:Data Services#ToolsDB|public databases]] from both [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Research:Quarry|Quarry]] and [[wikitech:Superset|Superset]]. Those databases have always been accessible to every [[wikitech:Portal:Toolforge|Toolforge]] user, but they are now more broadly accessible, as Quarry can be accessed by anyone with a Wikimedia account. In addition, Quarry's internal database can now be [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Research:Quarry#Querying Quarry's own database|queried from Quarry itself]]. This database contains information about all queries that are being run and starred by users in Quarry. This information was already public through the web interface, but you can now query it using SQL. You can read more about that, and {{formatnum:20}} other community-submitted tasks that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. * Any pages or tools that still use the very old CSS classes <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>mw-message-box</code></bdi> need to be updated. These old classes will be removed next week or soon afterwards. Editors can use a [https://global-search.toolforge.org/?q=mw-message-box&regex=1&namespaces=&title= global-search] to determine what needs to be changed. It is possible to use the newer <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>cdx-message</code></bdi> group of classes as a replacement (see [https://doc.wikimedia.org/codex/latest/components/demos/message.html#css-only-version the relevant Codex documentation], and [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tech/Header&diff=prev&oldid=27449042 an example update]), but using locally defined onwiki classes would be best. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374499] '''Technical project updates''' * Next week, all Wikimedia wikis will be read-only for a few minutes. This will start on September 25 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1727276400 15:00 UTC]. This is a planned datacenter switchover for maintenance purposes. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|This maintenance process also targets other services.]] The previous switchover took 3 minutes, and the Site Reliability Engineering teams use many tools to make sure that this essential maintenance work happens as quickly as possible. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370962] '''Tech in depth''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] The latest monthly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Reports/August 2024|MediaWiki Product Insights newsletter]] is available. This edition includes details about: research about [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Hooks|hook]] handlers to help simplify development, research about performance improvements, work to improve the REST API for end-users, and more. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] To learn more about the technology behind the Wikimedia projects, you can now watch sessions from the technology track at Wikimania 2024 on Commons. This week, check out: ** [[c:File:Wikimania 2024 - Auditorium Kyiv - Day 4 - Hackathon Showcase.webm|Hackathon Showcase]] (45 mins) - 19 short presentations by some of the Hackathon participants, describing some of the projects they worked on, such as automated testing of maintenance scripts, a video-cutting command line tool, and interface improvements for various tools. There are [[phab:T369234|more details and links available]] in the Phabricator task. ** [[c:File:Co-Creating a Sustainable Future for the Toolforge Ecosystem.webm|Co-Creating a Sustainable Future for the Toolforge Ecosystem]] (40 mins) - a roundtable discussion for tool-maintainers, users, and supporters of Toolforge about how to make the platform sustainable and how to evaluate the tools available there. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/38|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W38"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:03, 17 Nzeri 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27460876 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-39</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W39"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/39|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * All wikis will be [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|read-only]] for a few minutes on Wednesday September 25 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1727276400 15:00 UTC]. Reading the wikis will not be interrupted, but editing will be paused. These twice-yearly processes allow WMF's site reliability engineering teams to remain prepared to keep the wikis functioning even in the event of a major interruption to one of our data centers. '''Updates for editors''' [[File:Add alt text from a halfsheet, with the article behind.png|thumb|A screenshot of the interface for the Alt Text suggested-edit feature]] * Editors who use the iOS Wikipedia app in Spanish, Portuguese, French, or Chinese, may see the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/iOS Suggested edits project/Alt Text Experiment|Alt Text suggested-edit experiment]] after editing an article, or completing a suggested edit using "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/iOS Suggested edits project#Hypothesis 2 Add an Image Suggested Edit|Add an image]]". Alt-text helps people with visual impairments to read Wikipedia articles. The team aims to learn if adding alt-text to images is a task that editors can be successful with. Please share any feedback on [[mw:Talk:Wikimedia Apps/iOS Suggested edits project/Alt Text Experiment|the discussion page]]. * The Codex color palette has been updated with new and revised colors for the MediaWiki user interfaces. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Design System Team/Color/Design documentation#Updates|most noticeable changes]] for editors include updates for: dark mode colors for Links and for quiet Buttons (progressive and destructive), visited Link colors for both light and dark modes, and background colors for system-messages in both light and dark modes. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] It is now possible to include clickable wikilinks and external links inside code blocks. This includes links that are used within <code><nowiki><syntaxhighlight></nowiki></code> tags and on code pages (JavaScript, CSS, Scribunto and Sanitized CSS). Uses of template syntax <code><nowiki>{{…}}</nowiki></code> are also linked to the template page. Thanks to SD0001 for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368166] * Two bugs were fixed in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Account vanishing|GlobalVanishRequest]] system by improving the logging and by removing an incorrect placeholder message. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370595][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T372223] * View all {{formatnum:25}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:25|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] From [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise|Wikimedia Enterprise]]: ** The API now enables 5,000 on-demand API requests per month and twice-monthly HTML snapshots freely (gratis and libre). More information on the updates and also improvements to the software development kits (SDK) are explained on [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/enhanced-free-api/ the project's blog post]. While Wikimedia Enterprise APIs are designed for high-volume commercial reusers, this change enables many more community use-cases to be built on the service too. ** The Snapshot API (html dumps) have added beta Structured Contents endpoints ([https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/structured-contents-snapshot-api/ blog post on that]) as well as released two beta datasets (English and French Wikipedia) from that endpoint to Hugging Face for public use and feedback ([https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/hugging-face-dataset/ blog post on that]). These pre-parsed data sets enable new options for researchers, developers, and data scientists to use and study the content. '''In depth''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] The Wikidata Query Service (WDQS) is used to get answers to questions using the Wikidata data set. As Wikidata grows, we had to make a major architectural change so that WDQS could remain performant. As part of the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS graph split|WDQS Graph Split project]], we have new SPARQL endpoints available for serving the "[https://query-scholarly.wikidata.org scholarly]" and "[https://query-main.wikidata.org main]" subgraphs of Wikidata. The [http://query.wikidata.org query.wikidata.org endpoint] will continue to serve the full Wikidata graph until March 2025. After this date, it will only serve the main graph. For more information, please see [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update/September 2024 scaling update|the announcement on Wikidata]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/39|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W39"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:37, 23 Nzeri 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27493779 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-40</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W40"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/40|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Readers of [[phab:T375401|42 more wikis]] can now use Dark Mode. If the option is not yet available for logged-out users of your wiki, this is likely because many templates do not yet display well in Dark Mode. Please use the [https://night-mode-checker.wmcloud.org/ night-mode-checker tool] if you are interested in helping to reduce the number of issues. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Recommendations for night mode compatibility on Wikimedia wikis|recommendations page]] provides guidance on this. Dark Mode is enabled on additional wikis once per month. * Editors using the 2010 wikitext editor as their default can access features from the 2017 wikitext editor by adding <code dir=ltr>?veaction=editsource</code> to the URL. If you would like to enable the 2017 wikitext editor as your default, it can be set in [[Special:Preferences#mw-input-wpvisualeditor-newwikitext|your preferences]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T239796] * For logged-out readers using the Vector 2022 skin, the "donate" link has been moved from a collapsible menu next to the content area into a more prominent top menu, next to "Create an account". This restores the link to the level of prominence it had in the Vector 2010 skin. [[mw:Readers/2024 Reader and Donor Experiences#Donor Experiences (Key Result WE 3.2 and the related hypotheses)|Learn more]] about the changes related to donor experiences. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373585] * The CampaignEvents extension provides tools for organizers to more easily manage events, communicate with participants, and promote their events on the wikis. The extension has been [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status|enabled]] on Arabic Wikipedia, Igbo Wikipedia, Swahili Wikipedia, and Meta-Wiki. [[w:zh:Wikipedia:互助客栈/其他#引進CampaignEvents擴充功能|Chinese Wikipedia has decided]] to enable the extension, and discussions on the extension are in progress [[w:es:Wikipedia:Votaciones/2024/Sobre la política de Organizadores de Eventos|on Spanish Wikipedia]] and [[d:Wikidata:Project chat#Enabling the CampaignEvents Extention on Wikidata|on Wikidata]]. To learn how to enable the extension on your wiki, you can visit [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents|the CampaignEvents page on Meta-Wiki]]. * View all {{formatnum:22}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:22|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Developers with an account on Wikitech-wiki should [[wikitech:Wikitech/SUL-migration|check if any action is required]] for their accounts. The wiki is being changed to use the single-user-login (SUL) system, and other configuration changes. This change will help reduce the overall complexity for the weekly software updates across all our wikis. '''In depth''' * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|server switch]] was completed successfully last week with a read-only time of [[wikitech:Switch Datacenter#Past Switches|only 2 minutes 46 seconds]]. This periodic process makes sure that engineers can switch data centers and keep all of the wikis available for readers, even if there are major technical issues. It also gives engineers a chance to do maintenance and upgrades on systems that normally run 24 hours a day, and often helps to reveal weaknesses in the infrastructure. The process involves dozens of software services and hundreds of hardware servers, and requires multiple teams working together. Work over the past few years has reduced the time from 17 minutes down to 2–3 minutes. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/66ZW7B2MG63AESQVTXDIFQBDBS766JGW/] '''Meetings and events''' * October 4–6: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WikiIndaba conference 2024|WikiIndaba Conference's Hackathon]] in Johannesburg, South Africa * November 4–6: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Fall 2024|MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Fall 2024]] in Vienna, Austria '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/40|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W40"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:20, 30 Nzeri 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27530062 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-41</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W41"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/41|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Communities can now request installation of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Automoderator|Automoderator]] on their wiki. Automoderator is an automated anti-vandalism tool that reverts bad edits based on scores from the new "Revert Risk" machine learning model. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AutoModerator/Deploying|read details about the necessary steps]] for installation and configuration. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336934] '''Updates for editors''' * Translators in wikis where [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation/Section translation#Try the tool|the mobile experience of Content Translation is available]], can now customize their articles suggestion list from 41 filtering options when using the tool. This topic-based article suggestion feature makes it easy for translators to self-discover relevant articles based on their area of interest and translate them. You can [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&active-list=suggestions try it with your mobile device]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368422] * View all {{formatnum:12}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:12|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * It is now possible for <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki><syntaxhighlight></nowiki></code></bdi> code blocks to offer readers a "Copy" button if the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>copy=1</nowiki></code></bdi> attribute is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:SyntaxHighlight#copy|set on the tag]]. Thanks to SD0001 for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T40932] * Customized copyright footer messages on all wikis will be updated. The new versions will use wikitext markup instead of requiring editing raw HTML. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375789] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Later this month, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] will be rolled out on several pilot wikis. The final list of the wikis will be published in the second half of the month. If you maintain any tools, bots, or gadgets on [[phab:T376499|these 11 wikis]], and your software is using data about IP addresses or is available for logged-out users, please check if it needs to be updated to work with temporary accounts. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers|Guidance on how to update the code is available]]. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Rate limiting has been enabled for the code review tools [[Wikitech:Gerrit|Gerrit]] and [[Wikitech:GitLab|GitLab]] to address ongoing issues caused by malicious traffic and scraping. Clients that open too many concurrent connections will be restricted for a few minutes. This rate limiting is managed through [[Wikitech:nftables|nftables]] firewall rules. For more details, see Wikitech's pages on [[Wikitech:Firewall#Throttling with nftables|Firewall]], [[Wikitech:GitLab/Abuse and rate limiting|GitLab limits]] and [[Wikitech:Gerrit/Operations#Throttling IPs|Gerrit operations]]. * Five new wikis have been created: ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q49224|Komering]] ([[w:kge:|<code>w:kge:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374813] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q36096|Mooré]] ([[m:mos:|<code>m:mos:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374641] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wiktionary}} in [[d:Q36213|Madurese]] ([[wikt:mad:|<code>wikt:mad:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374968] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikiquote}} in [[d:Q2501174|Gorontalo]] ([[q:gor:|<code>q:gor:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375088] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikinews}} in [[d:Q56482|Shan]] ([[n:shn:|<code>n:shn:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375430] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/41|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W41"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:43, 7 Ukwakira 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27557422 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-42</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W42"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/42|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The Structured Discussion extension (also known as Flow) is starting to be removed. This extension is unmaintained and causes issues. It will be replaced by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]], which is used on any regular talk page. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured Discussions/Deprecation#Deprecation timeline|A first set of wikis]] are being contacted. These wikis are invited to stop using Flow, and to move all Flow boards to sub-pages, as archives. At these wikis, a script will move all Flow pages that aren't a sub-page to a sub-page automatically, starting on 22 October 2024. On 28 October 2024, all Flow boards at these wikis will be set in read-only mode. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Structured_Discussions/Deprecation][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370722] * WMF's Search Platform team is working on making it easier for readers to perform text searches in their language. A [[phab:T332342|change last week]] on over 30 languages makes it easier to find words with accents and other diacritics. This applies to both full-text search and to types of advanced search such as the <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">''hastemplate''</bdi> and <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">''incategory''</bdi> keywords. More technical details (including a few other minor search upgrades) are available. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/User:TJones_%28WMF%29/Notes/Language_Analyzer_Harmonization_Notes#ASCII-folding/ICU-folding_%28T332342%29] * View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check|EditCheck]] was installed at Russian Wikipedia, and fixes were made for some missing user interface styles. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Editors who use the Toolforge tool [[toolforge:copyvios|Earwig's Copyright Violation Detector]] will now be required to log in with their Wikimedia account before running checks using the "search engine" option. This change is needed to help prevent external bots from misusing the system. Thanks to Chlod for these improvements. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:New_pages_patrol/Reviewers#Authentication_is_now_required_for_search_engine_checks_on_Earwig's_Copyvio_Tool] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Phabricator|Phabricator]] users can create tickets and add comments on existing tickets via Email again. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Phabricator/Help#Using email|Sending email to Phabricator]] has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T356077] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Some HTML elements in the interface are now wrapped with a <code><nowiki><bdi></nowiki></code> element, to make our HTML output more aligned with Web standards. More changes like this will be coming in future weeks. This change might break some tools that rely on the previous HTML structure of the interface. Note that relying on the HTML structure of the interface is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Stable interface policy/Frontend#What is not stable?|not recommended]] and might break at any time. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375975] '''In depth''' * The latest monthly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Reports/September 2024|MediaWiki Product Insights newsletter]] is available. This edition includes: updates on Wikimedia's authentication system, research to simplify feature development in the MediaWiki platform, updates on Parser Unification and MathML rollout, and more. * The latest quarterly [[mw:Technical Community Newsletter/2024/October|Technical Community Newsletter]] is now available. This edition include: research about improving topic suggestions related to countries, improvements to PHPUnit tests, and more. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/42|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W42"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:21, 14 Ukwakira 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27597254 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-43</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W43"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/43|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Mobile Apps team has released an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Navigation Refresh#Phase 1: Creating a user Profile Menu (T373714)|update]] to the iOS app's navigation, and it is now available in the latest App store version. The team added a new Profile menu that allows for easy access to editor features like Notifications and Watchlist from the Article view, and brings the "Donate" button into a more accessible place for users who are reading an article. This is the first phase of a larger planned [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Navigation Refresh|navigation refresh]] to help the iOS app transition from a primarily reader-focused app, to an app that fully supports reading and editing. The Wikimedia Foundation has added more editing features and support for on-wiki communication based on volunteer requests in recent years. [[File:IOS App Navigation refresh first phase 05.png|thumb|iOS Wikipedia App's profile menu and contents]] '''Updates for editors''' * Wikipedia readers can now download a browser extension to experiment with some early ideas on potential features that recommend articles for further reading, automatically summarize articles, and improve search functionality. For more details and to stay updated, check out the Web team's [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Content Discovery Experiments|Content Discovery Experiments page]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Newsletter:Web team's projects|subscribe to their newsletter]]. * Later this month, logged-out editors of [[phab:T376499|these 12 wikis]] will start to have [[mw:Special:Mylanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] created. The list may slightly change - some wikis may be removed but none will be added. Temporary account is a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/User account types|type of user account]]. It enhances the logged-out editors' privacy and makes it easier for community members to communicate with them. If you maintain any tools, bots, or gadgets on these 12 wikis, and your software is using data about IP addresses or is available for logged-out users, please check if it needs to be updated to work with temporary accounts. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers|Guidance on how to update the code is available]]. Read more about the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Updates|deployment plan across all wikis]]. * View all {{formatnum:33}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:33|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the [[w:nr:Main Page|South Ndebele]], [[w:rsk:Главни бок|Pannonian Rusyn]], [[w:ann:Uwu|Obolo]], [[w:iba:Lambar Keterubah|Iban]] and [[w:tdd:ᥞᥨᥝᥴ ᥘᥣᥲ ᥖᥥᥰ|Tai Nüa]] Wikipedia languages were created last week. [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36785][https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35660][https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36614][https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33424][https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36556] * It is now possible to create functions on Wikifunctions using Wikidata lexemes, through the new [[f:Z6005|Wikidata lexeme type]] launched last week. When you go to one of these functions, the user interface provides a lexeme selector that helps you pick a lexeme from Wikidata that matches the word you type. After hitting run, your selected lexeme is retrieved from Wikidata, transformed into a Wikidata lexeme type, and passed into the selected function. Read more about this in [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-10-17#Function of the Week: select representation from lexeme|the latest Wikifunctions newsletter]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Users of the Wikimedia sites can now format dates more easily in different languages with the new <code dir="ltr">{{[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserFunctions##timef|#timef]]:…}}</code> parser function. For example, <code dir="ltr"><nowiki>{{#timef:now|date|en}}</nowiki></code> will show as "<bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">{{#timef:now|date|en}}</bdi>". Previously, <code dir="ltr"><nowiki>{{#time:…}}</nowiki></code> could be used to format dates, but this required knowledge of the order of the time and date components and their intervening punctuation. <code dir="ltr">#timef</code> (or <code dir="ltr">#timefl</code> for local time) provides access to the standard date formats that MediaWiki uses in its user interface. This may help to simplify some templates on multi-lingual wikis like Commons and Meta. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T223772][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserFunctions##timef] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Commons and Meta users can now efficiently [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#Localization|retrieve the user's language]] using <code dir="ltr"><nowiki>{{USERLANGUAGE}}</nowiki></code> instead of using <code dir="ltr"><nowiki>{{int:lang}}</nowiki></code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T4085] * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product and Tech Advisory Council]] (PTAC) now has its pilot members with representation across Africa, Asia, Europe, North America and South America. They will work to address the [[Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy/Initiatives/Technology Council|Movement Strategy's Technology Council]] initiative of having a co-defined and more resilient technological platform. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Movement_Strategy/Initiatives/Technology_Council] '''In depth''' * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters/32|Growth newsletter]] is available. It includes: an upcoming Newcomer Homepage Community Updates module, new Community Configuration options, and details on new projects. * The Wikimedia Foundation is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Security Team#CNA Partnership|now an official partner of the CVE program]], which is an international effort to catalog publicly disclosed cybersecurity vulnerabilities. This partnership will allow the Security Team to instantly publish [[w:en:Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures|common vulnerabilities and exposures]] (CVE) records that are affecting MediaWiki core, extensions, and skins, along with any other code the Foundation is a steward of. * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist|Community Wishlist]] is now [[m:Community Wishlist/Updates#October 16, 2024: Conversations Made Easier: Machine-Translated Wishes Are Here!|testing machine translations]] for Wishlist content. Volunteers can now read machine-translated versions of wishes and dive into discussions even before translators arrive to translate content. '''Meetings and events''' * 24 October - Wiki Education Speaker Series Webinar - [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/N4XTB4G55BUY3M3PNGUAKQWJ7A4UOPAK/ Open Source Tech: Building the Wiki Education Dashboard], featuring Wikimedia interns and a Web developer in the panel. * 20–22 December 2024 - [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Indic Wikimedia Hackathon Bhubaneswar 2024|Indic Wikimedia Hackathon Bhubaneswar 2024]] in Odisha, India. A hackathon for community members, including developers, designers and content editors, to build technical solutions that improve contributors' experiences. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/43|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W43"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:53, 21 Ukwakira 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27634672 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-44</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W44"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/44|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Later in November, the Charts extension will be deployed to the test wikis in order to help identify and fix any issue. A security review is underway to then enable deployment to pilot wikis for broader testing. You can read [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates#October 2024: Working towards production deployment|the October project update]] and see the [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Charts latest documentation and examples on Beta Wikipedia]. * View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, [[w:en:PediaPress|Pediapress.com]], an external service that creates books from Wikipedia, can now use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Maps|Wikimedia Maps]] to include existing pre-rendered infobox map images in their printed books on Wikipedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375761] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Wikis can use [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GuidedTour|the Guided Tour extension]] to help newcomers understand how to edit. The Guided Tours extension now works with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Dark mode|dark mode]]. Guided Tour maintainers can check their tours to see that nothing looks odd. They can also set <code>emitTransitionOnStep</code> to <code>true</code> to fix an old bug. They can use the new flag <code>allowAutomaticBack</code> to avoid back-buttons they don't want. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T73927#10241528] * Administrators in the Wikimedia projects who use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Nuke|Nuke Extension]] will notice that mass deletions done with this tool have the "Nuke" tag. This change will make reviewing and analyzing deletions performed with the tool easier. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366068] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/44|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W44"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:56, 28 Ukwakira 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27668811 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-45</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W45"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/45|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Stewards can now make [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global blocks|global account blocks]] cause global [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Autoblock|autoblocks]]. This will assist stewards in preventing abuse from users who have been globally blocked. This includes preventing globally blocked temporary accounts from exiting their session or switching browsers to make subsequent edits for 24 hours. Previously, temporary accounts could exit their current session or switch browsers to continue editing. This is an anti-abuse tool improvement for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|Temporary Accounts]] project. You can read more about the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Updates|progress on key features for temporary accounts]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368949] * Wikis that have the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status|CampaignEvents extension enabled]] can now use the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Event list#October 29, 2024: Collaboration List launched|Collaboration List]] feature. This list provides a new, easy way for contributors to learn about WikiProjects on their wikis. Thanks to the Campaign team for this work that is part of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Product %26 Technology OKRs#WE KRs|the 2024/25 annual plan]]. If you are interested in bringing the CampaignEvents extension to your wiki, you can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status#How to Request the CampaignEvents Extension for your wiki|follow these steps]] or you can reach out to User:Udehb-WMF for help. * The text color for red links will be slightly changed later this week to improve their contrast in light mode. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370446] * View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, on multilingual wikis, users [[phab:T216368|can now]] hide translations from the WhatLinksHere special page. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * XML [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Data dumps|data dumps]] have been temporarily paused whilst a bug is investigated. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/xmldatadumps-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/BXWJDPO5QI2QMBCY7HO36ELDCRO6HRM4/] '''In depth''' * Temporary Accounts have been deployed to six wikis; thanks to the Trust and Safety Product team for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|this work]], you can read about [[phab:T340001|the deployment plans]]. Beginning next week, Temporary Accounts will also be enabled on [[phab:T378336|seven other projects]]. If you are active on these wikis and need help migrating your tools, please reach out to [[m:User:Udehb-WMF|User:Udehb-WMF]] for assistance. * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2024/October|Language and Internationalization newsletter]] is available. It includes: New languages supported in translatewiki or in MediaWiki; New keyboard input methods for some languages; details about recent and upcoming meetings, and more. '''Meetings and events''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Fall 2024|MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Fall 2024]] is happening in Vienna, Austria and online from 4 to 6 November 2024. The conference will feature discussions around the usage of MediaWiki software by and within companies in different industries and will inspire and onboard new users. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/45|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W45"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:50, 4 Ugushyingo 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27693917 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-46</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W46"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/46|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * On wikis with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Translate|Translate extension]] enabled, users will notice that the FuzzyBot will now automatically create translated versions of categories used on translated pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T285463] * View all {{formatnum:29}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:29|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the submitted task to use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:SecurePoll|SecurePoll extension]] for English Wikipedia's special [[w:en:Wikipedia:Administrator elections|administrator election]] was resolved on time. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T371454] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] In <code dir="ltr">[[mw:MediaWiki_1.44/wmf.2|1.44.0-wmf-2]]</code>, the logic of Wikibase function <code>getAllStatements</code> changed to behave like <code>getBestStatements</code>. Invoking the function now returns a copy of values which are immutable. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T270851] * [https://en.wikipedia.org/api/rest_v1/ Wikimedia REST API] users, such as bot operators and tool maintainers, may be affected by ongoing upgrades. The API will be rerouting some page content endpoints from RESTbase to the newer [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:REST API|MediaWiki REST API]] endpoints. The [[phab:T374683|impacted endpoints]] include getting page/revision metadata and rendered HTML content. These changes will be available on testwiki later this week, with other projects to follow. This change should not affect existing functionality, but active users of the impacted endpoints should verify behavior on testwiki, and raise any concerns on the related [[phab:T374683|Phabricator ticket]]. '''In depth''' * Admins and users of the Wikimedia projects [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator_Tools/Automoderator#Usage|where Automoderator is enabled]] can now monitor and evaluate important metrics related to Automoderator's actions. [https://superset.wmcloud.org/superset/dashboard/unified-automoderator-activity-dashboard/ This Superset dashboard] calculates and aggregates metrics about Automoderator's behaviour on the projects in which it is deployed. Thanks to the Moderator Tools team for this Dashboard; you can visit [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Automoderator/Unified Activity Dashboard|the documentation page]] for more information about this work. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T369488] '''Meetings and events''' * 21 November 2024 ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 21 November 2024 8:00 UTC|8:00 UTC]] & [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 21 November 2024 16:00 UTC|16:00 UTC]]) - [[c:Commons:WMF support for Commons/Commons community calls|Community call]] with Wikimedia Commons volunteers and stakeholders to help prioritize support efforts for 2025-2026 Fiscal Year. The theme of this call is how content should be organised on Wikimedia Commons. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/46|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W46"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:07, 12 Ugushyingo 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27732268 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-47</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W47"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/47|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Users of Wikimedia sites will now be warned when they create a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Redirects|redirect]] to a page that doesn't exist. This will reduce the number of broken redirects to red links in our projects. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326057] * View all {{formatnum:42}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:42|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Pywikibot/Overview|Pywikibot]], which automates work on MediaWiki sites, was upgraded to 9.5.0 on Toolforge. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378676] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * On wikis that use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:FlaggedRevs|FlaggedRevs extension]], pages created or moved by users with the appropriate permissions are marked as flagged automatically. This feature has not been working recently, and changes fixing it should be deployed this week. Thanks to Daniel and Wargo for working on this. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379218][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368380] '''In depth''' * There is a new [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/11/05/say-hi-to-temporary-accounts-easier-collaboration-with-logged-out-editors-with-better-privacy-protection Diff post] about Temporary Accounts, available in more than 15 languages. Read it to learn about what Temporary Accounts are, their impact on different groups of users, and the plan to introduce the change on all wikis. '''Meetings and events''' * Technical volunteers can now register for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Hackathon 2025|2025 Wikimedia Hackathon]], which will take place in Istanbul, Turkey. [https://pretix.eu/wikimedia/hackathon2025/ Application for travel and accommodation scholarships] is open from '''November 12 to December 10 2024'''. The registration for the event will close in mid-April 2025. The Wikimedia Hackathon is an annual gathering that unites the global technical community to collaborate on existing projects and explore new ideas. * Join the [[C:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:WMF%20support%20for%20Commons/Commons%20community%20calls|Wikimedia Commons community calls]] this week to help prioritize support for Commons which will be planned for 2025–2026. The theme will be how content should be organised on Wikimedia Commons. This is an opportunity for volunteers who work on different things to come together and talk about what matters for the future of the project. The calls will take place '''November 21, 2024, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 21 November 2024 8:00 UTC|8:00 UTC]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 21 November 2024 16:00 UTC|16:00 UTC]]'''. * A [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization/Community meetings#29 November 2024|Language community meeting]] will take place '''November 29, 16:00 UTC''' to discuss updates and technical problem-solving. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/47|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W47"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 02:01, 19 Ugushyingo 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27806858 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-48</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W48"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/48|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] A new version of the standard wikitext editor-mode [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|syntax highlighter]] will be available as a [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]] later this week. This brings many new features and bug fixes, including right-to-left support, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Template folding|template folding]], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Autocompletion|autocompletion]], and an improved search panel. You can learn more on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|help page]]. * The 2010 wikitext editor now supports common keyboard shortcuts such <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>Ctrl</code>+<code>B</code></bdi> for bold and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>Ctrl</code>+<code>I</code></bdi> for italics. A full [[mw:Help:Extension:WikiEditor#Keyboard shortcuts|list of all six shortcuts]] is available. Thanks to SD0001 for this improvement. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T62928] * Starting November 28, Flow/Structured Discussions pages will be automatically archived and set to read-only at the following wikis: <bdi>bswiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>elwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>euwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>fawiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>fiwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>frwikiquote</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>frwikisource</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>frwikiversity</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>frwikivoyage</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>idwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>lvwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>plwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>ptwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>urwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>viwikisource</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>zhwikisource</bdi>. This is done as part of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured_Discussions/Deprecation|StructuredDiscussions deprecation work]]. If you need any assistance to archive your page in advance, please contact [[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]]. * View all {{formatnum:25}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:25|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a user creating a new AbuseFilter can now only set the filter to "protected" [[phab:T377765|if it includes a protected variable]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]], which can be used in JavaScript, CSS, JSON, and Lua pages, [[phab:T377663|now offers]] live autocompletion. Thanks to SD0001 for this improvement. The feature can be temporarily disabled on a page by pressing <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>Ctrl</code>+<code>,</code></bdi> and un-selecting "<bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">Live Autocompletion</bdi>". * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Tool-maintainers who use the Graphite system for tracking metrics, need to migrate to the newer Prometheus system. They can check [https://grafana.wikimedia.org/d/K6DEOo5Ik/grafana-graphite-datasource-utilization?orgId=1 this dashboard] and the list in the Description of the [[phab:T350592|task T350592]] to see if their tools are listed, and they should claim metrics and dashboards connected to their tools. They can then disable or migrate all existing metrics by following the instructions in the task. The Graphite service will become read-only in April. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/KLUV4IOLRYXPQFWD6WKKJUHMWE77BMSZ/] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/NewPP parser report|New PreProcessor parser performance report]] has been fixed to give an accurate count for the number of Wikibase entities accessed. It had previously been resetting after 400 entities. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T279069] '''Meetings and events''' * A [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization/Community meetings#29 November 2024|Language community meeting]] will take place November 29 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1732896000 16:00 UTC]. There will be presentations on topics like developing language keyboards, the creation of the Mooré Wikipedia, the language support track at [[m:Wiki Indaba|Wiki Indaba]], and a report from the Wayuunaiki community on their experiences with the Incubator and as a new community over the last 3 years. This meeting will be in English and will also have Spanish interpretation. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/48|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W48"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:42, 25 Ugushyingo 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27847039 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-49</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W49"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/49|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Two new parser functions were added this week. The <code dir="ltr"><nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#interwikilink|#interwikilink]]<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> function adds an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Links#Interwiki links|interwiki link]] and the <code dir="ltr"><nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#interlanguagelink|#interlanguagelink]]<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> function adds an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Links#Interlanguage links|interlanguage link]]. These parser functions are useful on wikis where namespaces conflict with interwiki prefixes. For example, links beginning with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>MOS:</code></bdi> on English Wikipedia [[phab:T363538|conflict with the <code>mos</code> language code prefix of Mooré Wikipedia]]. * Starting this week, Wikimedia wikis no longer support connections using old RSA-based HTTPS certificates, specifically rsa-2048. This change is to improve security for all users. Some older, unsupported browser or smartphone devices will be unable to connect; Instead, they will display a connectivity error. See the [[wikitech:HTTPS/Browser_Recommendations|HTTPS Browser Recommendations page]] for more-detailed information. All modern operating systems and browsers are always able to reach Wikimedia projects. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/CTYEHVNSXUD3NFAAMG3BLZVTVQWJXJAH/] * Starting December 16, Flow/Structured Discussions pages will be automatically archived and set to read-only at the following wikis: <bdi>arwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>cawiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>frwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>mediawikiwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>orwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>wawiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>wawiktionary</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>wikidatawiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>zhwiki</bdi>. This is done as part of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured_Discussions/Deprecation|StructuredDiscussions deprecation work]]. If you need any assistance to archive your page in advance, please contact [[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380910] * This month the Chart extension was deployed to production and is now available on Commons and Testwiki. With the security review complete, pilot wiki deployment is expected to start in the first week of December. You can see a working version [[testwiki:Charts|on Testwiki]] and read [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates|the November project update]] for more details. * View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug with the "Download as PDF" system was fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T376438] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * In late February, temporary accounts will be rolled out on at least 10 large wikis. This deployment will have a significant effect on the community-maintained code. This is about Toolforge tools, bots, gadgets, and user scripts that use IP address data or that are available for logged-out users. The Trust and Safety Product team wants to identify this code, monitor it, and assist in updating it ahead of the deployment to minimize disruption to workflows. The team asks technical editors and volunteer developers to help identify such tools by adding them to [[mw:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers/Impacted tools|this list]]. In addition, review the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers|updated documentation]] to learn how to adjust the tools. Join the discussions on the [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|project talk page]] or in the [[discord:channels/221049808784326656/1227616742340034722|dedicated thread]] on the [[w:Wikipedia:Discord|Wikimedia Community Discord server (in English)]] for support and to share feedback. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/49|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W49"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:23, 2 Ukuboza 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27873992 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-50</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W50"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/50|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Technical documentation contributors can find updated resources, and new ways to connect with each other and the Wikimedia Technical Documentation Team, at the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Documentation|Documentation hub]] on MediaWiki.org. This page links to: resources for writing and improving documentation, a new <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">#wikimedia-techdocs</bdi> IRC channel on libera.chat, a listing of past and upcoming documentation events, and ways to request a documentation consultation or review. If you have any feedback or ideas for improvements to the documentation ecosystem, please [[mw:Wikimedia Technical Documentation Team#Contact us|contact the Technical Documentation Team]]. '''Updates for editors''' [[File:Edit Check on Desktop.png|thumb|Layout change for the Edit Check feature]] * Later this week, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check|Edit Check]] will be relocated to a sidebar on desktop. Edit check is the feature for new editors to help them follow policies and guidelines. This layout change creates space to present people with [[mw:Edit check#1 November 2024|new Checks]] that appear ''while'' they are typing. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check#Reference Check A/B Test|initial results]] show newcomers encountering Edit Check are 2.2 times more likely to publish a new content edit that includes a reference and is not reverted. * The Chart extension, which enables editors to create data visualizations, was successfully made available on MediaWiki.org and three pilot wikis (Italian, Swedish, and Hebrew Wikipedias). You can see a working examples [[testwiki:Charts|on Testwiki]] and read [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates|the November project update]] for more details. * Translators in wikis where the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation/Section translation#Try the tool|mobile experience of Content Translation is available]], can now discover articles in Wikiproject campaigns of their interest from the "[https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=specialcx&filter-type=automatic&filter-id=collections&active-list=suggestions&from=es&to=en All collection]" category in the articles suggestion feature. Wikiproject Campaign organizers can use this feature, to help translators to discover articles of interest, by adding the <code dir=ltr><nowiki><page-collection> </page-collection></nowiki></code> tag to their campaign article list page on Meta-wiki. This will make those articles discoverable in the Content Translation tool. For more detailed information on how to use the tool and tag, please refer to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Translation suggestions: Topic-based & Community-defined lists/How to use the features|the step-by-step guide]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378958] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Nuke|Nuke]] feature, which enables administrators to mass delete pages, now has a [[phab:T376379#10310998|multiselect filter for namespace selection]]. This enables users to select multiple specific namespaces, instead of only one or all, when fetching pages for deletion. * The Nuke feature also now [[phab:T364225#10371365|provides links]] to the userpage of the user whose pages were deleted, and to the pages which were not selected for deletion, after page deletions are queued. This enables easier follow-up admin-actions. Thanks to Chlod and the Moderator Tools team for both of these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T364225#10371365] * The Editing Team is working on making it easier to populate citations from archive.org using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid/Enabling Citoid on your wiki|Citoid]] tool, the auto-filled citation generator. They are asking communities to add two parameters preemptively, <code dir=ltr>archiveUrl</code> and <code dir=ltr>archiveDate</code>, within the TemplateData for each citation template using Citoid. You can see an [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template%3ACite_web%2Fdoc&diff=1261320172&oldid=1260788022 example of a change in a template], and a [https://global-search.toolforge.org/?namespaces=10&q=%5C%22citoid%5C%22%3A%20%5C%7B&regex=1&title= list of all relevant templates]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374831] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikivoyage}} in [[d:Q9240|Indonesian]] ([[voy:id:|<code>voy:id:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380726] * Last week, all wikis had problems serving pages to logged-in users and some logged-out users for 30–45 minutes. This was caused by a database problem, and investigation is ongoing. [https://www.wikimediastatus.net/incidents/3g2ckc7bp6l9] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:19}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:19|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add Link]] feature has been fixed. Previously, the list of sections which are excluded from Add Link was partially ignored in certain cases. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380455][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380329] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|Codex]], the design system for Wikimedia, now has an early-stage [[git:design/codex-php|implementation in PHP]]. It is available for general use in MediaWiki extensions and Toolforge apps through [https://packagist.org/packages/wikimedia/codex Composer], with use in MediaWiki core coming soon. More information is available in [[wmdoc:design-codex-php/main/index.html|the documentation]]. Thanks to Doğu for the inspiration and many contributions to the library. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379662] * [https://en.wikipedia.org/api/rest_v1/ Wikimedia REST API] users, such as bot operators and tool maintainers, may be affected by ongoing upgrades. On December 4, the MediaWiki Interfaces team began rerouting page/revision metadata and rendered HTML content endpoints on [[testwiki:|testwiki]] from RESTbase to comparable MediaWiki REST API endpoints. The team encourages active users of these endpoints to verify their tool's behavior on testwiki and raise any concerns on the related [[phab:T374683|Phabricator ticket]] before the end of the year, as they intend to roll out the same change across all Wikimedia projects in early January. These changes are part of the work to replace the outdated [[mw:RESTBase/deprecation|RESTBase]] system. * The [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/986172 2024 Developer Satisfaction Survey] is seeking the opinions of the Wikimedia developer community. Please take the survey if you have any role in developing software for the Wikimedia ecosystem. The survey is open until 3 January 2025, and has an associated [[foundation:Legal:Developer Satisfaction Survey 2024 Privacy Statement|privacy statement]]. * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''Meetings and events''' * The next meeting in the series of [[c:Commons:WMF support for Commons/Commons community calls|Wikimedia Foundation discussions with the Wikimedia Commons community]] will take place on [[m:Event:Commons community discussion - 12 December 2024 08:00 UTC|December 12 at 8:00 UTC]] and [[m:Event:Commons community discussion - 12_December 2024 16:00 UTC|at 16:00 UTC]]. The topic of this call is new media and new contributors. Contributors from all wikis are welcome to attend. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/50|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W50"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:16, 9 Ukuboza 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27919424 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-51</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W51"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/51|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Interested in improving event management on your home wiki? The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] offers organizers features like event registration management, event/wikiproject promotion, finding potential participants, and more - all directly on-wiki. If you are an organizer or think your community would benefit from this extension, start a discussion to enable it on your wiki today. To learn more about how to enable this extension on your wiki, visit the [[m:CampaignEvents/Deployment status#How to Request the CampaignEvents Extension for your wiki|deployment status page]]. '''Updates for editors''' * Users of the iOS Wikipedia App in Italy and Mexico on the Italian, Spanish, and English Wikipedias, can see a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Personalized Wikipedia Year in Review|personalized Year in Review]] with insights based on their reading and editing history. * Users of the Android Wikipedia App in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia can see the new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/Rabbit Holes|Rabbit Holes]] feature. This feature shows a suggested search term in the Search bar based on the current article being viewed, and a suggested reading list generated from the user’s last two visited articles. * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global reminder bot|global reminder bot]] is now active and running on nearly 800 wikis. This service reminds most users holding temporary rights when they are about to expire, so that they can renew should they want to. See [[m:Global reminder bot/Technical details|the technical details page]] for more information. * The next issue of Tech News will be sent out on 13 January 2025 because of the end of year holidays. Thank you to all of the translators, and people who submitted content or feedback, this year. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was [[phab:T374988|fixed]] in the Android Wikipedia App which had caused translatable SVG images to show the wrong language when they were tapped. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * There is no new MediaWiki version next week. The next deployments will start on 14 January. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar/2025] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/51|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W51"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:25, 16 Ukuboza 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27942374 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-03</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W03"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/03|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Single User Login system is being updated over the next few months. This is the system which allows users to fill out the login form on one Wikimedia site and get logged in on all others at the same time. It needs to be updated because of the ways that browsers are increasingly restricting cross-domain cookies. To accommodate these restrictions, login and account creation pages will move to a central domain, but it will still appear to the user as if they are on the originating wiki. The updated code will be enabled this week for users on test wikis. This change is planned to roll out to all users during February and March. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Platform Team/SUL3#Deployment|the SUL3 project page]] for more details and a timeline. '''Updates for editors''' * On wikis with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:PageAssessments|PageAssessments]] installed, you can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:PageAssessments#Search|filter search results]] to pages in a given WikiProject by using the <code dir=ltr>inproject:</code> keyword. (These wikis: {{int:project-localized-name-arwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-enwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-enwikivoyage/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-frwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-huwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-newiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-zhwiki/en}}) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378868] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q34129|Tigre]] ([[w:tig:|<code>w:tig:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381377] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:35}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:35|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, there was a bug with updating a user's edit-count after making a rollback edit, which is now fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382592] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Wikimedia REST API users, such as bot operators and tool maintainers, may be affected by ongoing upgrades. Starting the week of January 13, we will begin rerouting [[phab:T374683|some page content endpoints]] from RESTbase to the newer MediaWiki REST API endpoints for all wiki projects. This change was previously available on testwiki and should not affect existing functionality, but active users of the impacted endpoints may raise issues directly to the [[phab:project/view/6931/|MediaWiki Interfaces Team]] in Phabricator if they arise. * Toolforge tool maintainers can now share their feedback on Toolforge UI, an initiative to provide a web platform that allows creating and managing Toolforge tools through a graphic interface, in addition to existing command-line workflows. This project aims to streamline active maintainers’ tasks, as well as make registration and deployment processes more accessible for new tool creators. The initiative is still at a very early stage, and the Cloud Services team is in the process of collecting feedback from the Toolforge community to help shape the solution to their needs. [[wikitech:Wikimedia Cloud Services team/EnhancementProposals/Toolforge UI|Read more and share your thoughts about Toolforge UI]]. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] For tool and library developers who use the OAuth system: The identity endpoint used for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/For Developers#Identifying the user|OAuth 1]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/For Developers#Identifying the user 2|OAuth 2]] returned a JSON object with an integer in its <code>sub</code> field, which was incorrect (the field must always be a string). This has been fixed; the fix will be deployed to Wikimedia wikis on the week of January 13. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382139] * Many wikis currently use [[:mw:Parsoid/Parser Unification/Cite CSS|Cite CSS]] to render custom footnote markers in Parsoid output. Starting January 20 these rules will be disabled, but the developers ask you to ''not'' clean up your <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[MediaWiki:Common.css]]</bdi> until February 20 to avoid issues during the migration. Your wikis might experience some small changes to footnote markers in Visual Editor and when using experimental Parsoid read mode, but if there are changes these are expected to bring the rendering in line with the legacy parser output. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370027] '''Meetings and events''' * The next meeting in the series of [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:WMF support for Commons/Commons community calls|Wikimedia Foundation Community Conversations with the Wikimedia Commons community]] will take place on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 15 January 2025 08:00 UTC|January 15 at 8:00 UTC]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 15 January 2025 16:00 UTC|at 16:00 UTC]]. The topic of this call is defining the priorities in tool investment for Commons. Contributors from all wikis, especially users who are maintaining tools for Commons, are welcome to attend. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/03|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W03"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:42, 14 Mutarama 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28048614 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-04</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W04"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/04|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Administrators can mass-delete multiple pages created by a user or IP address using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Nuke|Extension:Nuke]]. It previously only allowed deletion of pages created in the last 30 days. It can now delete pages from the last 90 days, provided it is targeting a specific user or IP address. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380846] * On [[phab:P72148|wikis that use]] the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Patrolled edits|Patrolled edits]] feature, when the rollback feature is used to revert an unpatrolled page revision, that revision will now be marked as "manually patrolled" instead of "autopatrolled", which is more accurate. Some editors that use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:New filters for edit review/Filtering|filters]] on Recent Changes may need to update their filter settings. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T302140] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the Visual Editor's "Insert link" feature did not always suggest existing pages properly when an editor started typing, which has now been [[phab:T383497|fixed]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The Structured Discussion extension (also known as Flow) is being progressively removed from the wikis. This extension is unmaintained and causes issues. It will be replaced by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]], which is used on any regular talk page. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured Discussions/Deprecation#Deprecation timeline|The last group of wikis]] ({{int:project-localized-name-cawikiquote/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fiwikimedia/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gomwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kabwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ptwikibooks/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sewikimedia/en}}) will soon be contacted. If you have questions about this process, please ping [[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] at your wiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380912] * The latest quarterly [[mw:Technical_Community_Newsletter/2025/January|Technical Community Newsletter]] is now available. This edition includes: updates about services from the Data Platform Engineering teams, information about Codex from the Design System team, and more. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/04|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W04"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:37, 21 Mutarama 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28129769 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-05</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W05"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/05|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Patrollers and admins - what information or context about edits or users could help you to make patroller or admin decisions more quickly or easily? The Wikimedia Foundation wants to hear from you to help guide its upcoming annual plan. Please consider sharing your thoughts on this and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Product & Technology OKRs|13 other questions]] to shape the technical direction for next year. '''Updates for editors''' * iOS Wikipedia App users worldwide can now access a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Personalized Wikipedia Year in Review/How your data is used|personalized Year in Review]] feature, which provides insights based on their reading and editing history on Wikipedia. This project is part of a broader effort to help welcome new readers as they discover and interact with encyclopedic content. * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] Edit patrollers now have a new feature available that can highlight potentially problematic new pages. When a page is created with the same title as a page which was previously deleted, a tag ('Recreated') will now be added, which users can filter for in [[{{#special:RecentChanges}}]] and [[{{#special:NewPages}}]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T56145] * Later this week, there will be a new warning for editors if they attempt to create a redirect that links to another redirect (a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Redirects#Double redirects|double redirect]]). The feature will recommend that they link directly to the second redirect's target page. Thanks to the user SomeRandomDeveloper for this improvement. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326056] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Wikimedia wikis allow [[w:en:WebAuthn|WebAuthn]]-based second factor checks (such as hardware tokens) during login, but the feature is [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Miscellaneous/Fix security key (WebAuthn) support|fragile]] and has very few users. The MediaWiki Platform team is temporarily disabling adding new WebAuthn keys, to avoid interfering with the rollout of [[mw:MediaWiki Platform Team/SUL3|SUL3]] (single user login version 3). Existing keys are unaffected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378402] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * For developers that use the [[wikitech:Data Platform/Data Lake/Edits/MediaWiki history dumps|MediaWiki History dumps]]: The Data Platform Engineering team has added a couple of new fields to these dumps, to support the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|Temporary Accounts]] initiative. If you maintain software that reads those dumps, please review your code and the updated documentation, since the order of the fields in the row will change. There will also be one field rename: in the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>mediawiki_user_history</code></bdi> dump, the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>anonymous</code></bdi> field will be renamed to <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>is_anonymous</code></bdi>. The changes will take effect with the next release of the dumps in February. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/LKMFDS62TXGDN6L56F4ABXYLN7CSCQDI/] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/05|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W05"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:15, 27 Mutarama 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28149374 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-06</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W06"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/06|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Editors who use the "Special characters" editing-toolbar menu can now see the 32 special characters you have used most recently, across editing sessions on that wiki. This change should help make it easier to find the characters you use most often. The feature is in both the 2010 wikitext editor and VisualEditor. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T110722] * Editors using the 2010 wikitext editor can now create sublists with correct indentation by selecting the line(s) you want to indent and then clicking the toolbar buttons.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380438] You can now also insert <code><nowiki><code></nowiki></code> tags using a new toolbar button.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383010] Thanks to user stjn for these improvements. * Help is needed to ensure the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid/Enabling Citoid on your wiki|citation generator]] works properly on each wiki. ** (1) Administrators should update the local versions of the page <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:Citoid-template-type-map.json</code> to include entries for <code dir=ltr>preprint</code>, <code dir=ltr>standard</code>, and <code dir=ltr>dataset</code>; Here are example diffs to replicate [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki%3ACitoid-template-type-map.json&diff=1189164774&oldid=1165783565 for 'preprint'] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki%3ACitoid-template-type-map.json&diff=1270832208&oldid=1270828390 for 'standard' and 'dataset']. ** (2.1) If the citoid map in the citation template used for these types of references is missing, [[mediawikiwiki:Citoid/Enabling Citoid on your wiki#Step 2.a: Create a 'citoid' maps value for each citation template|one will need to be added]]. (2.2) If the citoid map does exist, the TemplateData will need to be updated to include new field names. Here are example updates [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template%3ACitation%2Fdoc&diff=1270829051&oldid=1262470053 for 'preprint'] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template%3ACitation%2Fdoc&diff=1270831369&oldid=1270829480 for 'standard' and 'dataset']. The new fields that may need to be supported are <code dir=ltr>archiveID</code>, <code dir=ltr>identifier</code>, <code dir=ltr>repository</code>, <code dir=ltr>organization</code>, <code dir=ltr>repositoryLocation</code>, <code dir=ltr>committee</code>, and <code dir=ltr>versionNumber</code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383666] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia/en}} in [[d:Q15637215|Central Kanuri]] ([[w:knc:|<code>w:knc:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T385181] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the [[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Wikisource/Wikimedia OCR|OCR (optical character recognition) tool]] used for Wikisource now supports a new language, Church Slavonic. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T384782] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/06|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W06"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:09, 4 Gashyantare 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28203495 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-07</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W07"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/07|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Product and Technology Advisory Council (PTAC) has published [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/February 2025 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|a draft of their recommendations]] for the Wikimedia Foundation's Product and Technology department. They have recommended focusing on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/February 2025 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback/Mobile experiences|mobile experiences]], particularly contributions. They request community [[m:Talk:Product and Technology Advisory Council/February 2025 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|feedback at the talk page]] by 21 February. '''Updates for editors''' * The "Special pages" portlet link will be moved from the "Toolbox" into the "Navigation" section of the main menu's sidebar by default. This change is because the Toolbox is intended for tools relating to the current page, not tools relating to the site, so the link will be more logically and consistently located. To modify this behavior and update CSS styling, administrators can follow the instructions at [[phab:T385346|T385346]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T333211] * As part of this year's work around improving the ways readers discover content on the wikis, the Web team will be running an experiment with a small number of readers that displays some suggestions for related or interesting articles within the search bar. Please check out [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Content Discovery Experiments#Experiment 1: Display article recommendations in more prominent locations, search|the project page]] for more information. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Template editors who use TemplateStyles can now customize output for users with specific accessibility needs by using accessibility related media queries (<code dir=ltr>[https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/@media/prefers-reduced-motion prefers-reduced-motion]</code>, <code dir=ltr>[https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/@media/prefers-reduced-transparency prefers-reduced-transparency]</code>, <code dir=ltr>[https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/@media/prefers-contrast prefers-contrast]</code>, and <code dir=ltr>[https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/@media/forced-colors forced-colors]</code>). Thanks to user Bawolff for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T384175] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:22}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:22|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the global blocks log will now be shown directly on the {{#special:CentralAuth}} page, similarly to global locks, to simplify the workflows for stewards. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T377024] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Wikidata [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Default values for labels and aliases|now supports a special language as a "default for all languages"]] for labels and aliases. This is to avoid excessive duplication of the same information across many languages. If your Wikidata queries use labels, you may need to update them as some existing labels are getting removed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T312511] * The function <code dir="ltr">getDescription</code> was invoked on every Wiki page read and accounts for ~2.5% of a page's total load time. The calculated value will now be cached, reducing load on Wikimedia servers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383660] * As part of the RESTBase deprecation [[mw:RESTBase/deprecation|effort]], the <code dir="ltr">/page/related</code> endpoint has been blocked as of February 6, 2025, and will be removed soon. This timeline was chosen to align with the deprecation schedules for older Android and iOS versions. The stable alternative is the "<code dir="ltr">morelike</code>" action API in MediaWiki, and [[gerrit:c/mediawiki/services/mobileapps/+/982154/13/pagelib/src/transform/FooterReadMore.js|a migration example]] is available. The MediaWiki Interfaces team [[phab:T376297|can be contacted]] for any questions. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/GFC2IJO7L4BWO3YTM7C5HF4MCCBE2RJ2/] '''In depth''' * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/January|Language and Internationalization newsletter]] is available. It includes: Updates about the "Contribute" menu; details on some of the newest language editions of Wikipedia; details on new languages supported by the MediaWiki interface; updates on the Community-defined lists feature; and more. * The latest [[mw:Extension:Chart/Project/Updates#January 2025: Better visibility into charts and tabular data usage|Chart Project newsletter]] is available. It includes updates on the progress towards bringing better visibility into global charts usage and support for categorizing pages in the Data namespace on Commons. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/07|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W07"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:12, 11 Gashyantare 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28231022 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-08</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W08"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/08|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Communities using growth tools can now showcase one event on the <code>{{#special:Homepage}}</code> for newcomers. This feature will help newcomers to be informed about editing activities they can participate in. Administrators can create a new event to showcase at <code>{{#special:CommunityConfiguration}}</code>. To learn more about this feature, please read [[diffblog:2025/02/12/community-updates-module-connecting-newcomers-to-your-initiatives/|the Diff post]], have a look [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Community updates module|at the documentation]], or contact [[mw:Talk:Growth|the Growth team]]. '''Updates for editors''' [[File:Page Frame Features on desktop.png|thumb|Highlighted talk pages improvements]] * Starting next week, talk pages at these wikis – {{int:project-localized-name-eswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-frwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-itwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-jawiki/en}} – will get [[diffblog:2024/05/02/making-talk-pages-better-for-everyone/|a new design]]. This change was extensively tested as a Beta feature and is the last step of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Feature summary|talk pages improvements]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379102] * You can now navigate to view a redirect page directly from its action pages, such as the history page. Previously, you were forced to first go to the redirect target. This change should help editors who work with redirects a lot. Thanks to user stjn for this improvement. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T5324] * When a Cite reference is reused many times, wikis currently show either numbers like "1.23" or localized alphabetic markers like "a b c" in the reference list. Previously, if there were so many reuses that the alphabetic markers were all used, [[MediaWiki:Cite error references no backlink label|an error message]] was displayed. As part of the work to [[phab:T383036|modernize Cite customization]], these errors will no longer be shown and instead the backlinks will fall back to showing numeric markers like "1.23" once the alphabetic markers are all used. * The log entries for each change to an editor's user-groups are now clearer by specifying exactly what has changed, instead of the plain before and after listings. Translators can [[phab:T369466|help to update the localized versions]]. Thanks to user Msz2001 for these improvements. * A new filter has been added to the [[{{#special:Nuke}}]] tool, which allows administrators to mass delete pages, to enable users to filter for pages in a range of page sizes (in bytes). This allows, for example, deleting pages only of a certain size or below. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378488] * Non-administrators can now check which pages are able to be deleted using the [[{{#special:Nuke}}]] tool. Thanks to user MolecularPilot for this and the previous improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T376378] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:25}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:25|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed in the configuration for the AV1 video file format, which enables these files to play again. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382193] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Parsoid Read Views is going to be rolling out to most Wiktionaries over the next few weeks, following the successful transition of Wikivoyage to Parsoid Read Views last year. For more information, see the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification|Parsoid/Parser Unification]] project page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T385923][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T371640] * Developers of tools that run on-wiki should note that <code dir=ltr>mw.Uri</code> is deprecated. Tools requiring <code dir=ltr>mw.Uri</code> must explicitly declare <code dir=ltr>mediawiki.Uri</code> as a ResourceLoader dependency, and should migrate to the browser native <code dir=ltr>URL</code> API soon. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T384515] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/08|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W08"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:17, 17 Gashyantare 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28275610 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-09</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W09"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/09|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Administrators can now customize how the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User language|Babel feature]] creates categories using [[{{#special:CommunityConfiguration/Babel}}]]. They can rename language categories, choose whether they should be auto-created, and adjust other settings. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374348] * The <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[https://www.wikimedia.org/ wikimedia.org]</bdi> portal has been updated – and is receiving some ongoing improvements – to modernize and improve the accessibility of our portal pages. It now has better support for mobile layouts, updated wording and links, and better language support. Additionally, all of the Wikimedia project portals, such as <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[https://wikibooks.org wikibooks.org]</bdi>, now support dark mode when a reader is using that system setting. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373204][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368221][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Project_portals] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wiktionary/en}} in [[d:Q33965|Santali]] ([[wikt:sat:|<code>wikt:sat:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386619] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed that prevented clicking on search results in the web-interface for some Firefox for Android phone configurations. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381289] '''Meetings and events''' * The next Language Community Meeting is happening soon, February 28th at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1740751200 14:00 UTC]. This week's meeting will cover: highlights and technical updates on keyboard and tools for the Sámi languages, Translatewiki.net contributions from the Bahasa Lampung community in Indonesia, and technical Q&A. If you'd like to join, simply [[mw:Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Community meetings#28 February 2025|sign up on the wiki page]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/09|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W09"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:41, 25 Gashyantare 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28296129 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-10</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W10"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/10|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * All logged-in editors using the mobile view can now edit a full page. The "{{int:Minerva-page-actions-editfull}}" link is accessible from the "{{int:minerva-page-actions-overflow}}" menu in the toolbar. This was previously only available to editors using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Advanced mobile contributions|Advanced mobile contributions]] setting. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T387180] * Interface administrators can now help to remove the deprecated Cite CSS code matching "<code dir="ltr">mw-ref</code>" from their local <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[MediaWiki:Common.css]]</bdi>. The list of wikis in need of cleanup, and the code to remove, [https://global-search.toolforge.org/?q=mw-ref%5B%5E-a-z%5D&regex=1&namespaces=8&title=.*css can be found with this global search] and in [https://ace.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki:Common.css&oldid=145662#L-139--L-144 this example], and you can learn more about how to help on the [[mw:Parsoid/Parser Unification/Cite CSS|CSS migration project page]]. The Cite footnote markers ("<code dir="ltr">[1]</code>") are now rendered by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid|Parsoid]], and the deprecated CSS is no longer needed. The CSS for backlinks ("<code dir="ltr">mw:referencedBy</code>") should remain in place for now. This cleanup is expected to cause no visible changes for readers. Please help to remove this code before March 20, after which the development team will do it for you. * When editors embed a file (e.g. <code><nowiki>[[File:MediaWiki.png]]</nowiki></code>) on a page that is protected with cascading protection, the software will no longer restrict edits to the file description page, only to new file uploads.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T24521] In contrast, transcluding a file description page (e.g. <code><nowiki>{{:File:MediaWiki.png}}</nowiki></code>) will now restrict edits to the page.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T62109] * When editors revert a file to an earlier version it will now require the same permissions as ordinarily uploading a new version of the file. The software now checks for 'reupload' or 'reupload-own' rights,[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T304474] and respects cascading protection.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T140010] * When administrators are listing pages for deletion with the Nuke tool, they can now also list associated talk pages and redirects for deletion, alongside pages created by the target, rather than needing to manually delete these pages afterwards. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T95797] * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/03|previously noted]] update to Single User Login, which will accommodate browser restrictions on cross-domain cookies by moving login and account creation to a central domain, will now roll out to all users during March and April. The team plans to enable it for all new account creation on [[wikitech:Deployments/Train#Tuesday|Group0]] wikis this week. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Platform Team/SUL3#Deployment|the SUL3 project page]] for more details and an updated timeline. * Since last week there has been a bug that shows some interface icons as black squares until the page has fully loaded. It will be fixed this week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T387351] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia/en}} in [[d:Q2044560|Sylheti]] ([[w:syl:|<code>w:syl:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386441] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed with loading images in very old versions of the Firefox browser on mobile. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386400] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.19|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/10|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W10"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 02:31, 4 werurwe 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28334563 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-11</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W11"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/11|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Editors who use password managers at multiple wikis may notice changes in the future. The way that our wikis provide information to password managers about reusing passwords across domains has recently been updated, so some password managers might now offer you login credentials that you saved for a different Wikimedia site. Some password managers already did this, and are now doing it for more Wikimedia domains. This is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Platform Team/SUL3|SUL3 project]] which aims to improve how our unified login works, and to keep it compatible with ongoing changes to the web-browsers we use. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T385520][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T384844] * The Wikipedia Apps Team is inviting interested users to help improve Wikipedia’s offline and limited internet use. After discussions in [[m:Afrika Baraza|Afrika Baraza]] and the last [[m:Special:MyLanguage/ESEAP Hub/Meetings|ESEAP call]], key challenges like search, editing, and offline access are being explored, with upcoming focus groups to dive deeper into these topics. All languages are welcome, and interpretation will be available. Want to share your thoughts? [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Improving Wikipedia Mobile Apps for Offline & Limited Internet Use|Join the discussion]] or email <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">aramadan@wikimedia.org</bdi>! * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on March 19. This is planned at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1742392800 14:00 UTC]. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.20|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters/33|Growth newsletter]] is available. It includes: the launch of the Community Updates module, the most recent changes in Community Configuration, and the upcoming test of in-article suggestions for first-time editors. * An old API that was previously used in the Android Wikipedia app is being removed at the end of March. There are no current software uses, but users of the app with a version that is older than 6 months by the time of removal (2025-03-31), will no longer have access to the Suggested Edits feature, until they update their app. You can [[diffblog:2025/02/24/sunset-of-wikimedia-recommendation-api/|read more details about this change]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/11|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W11"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:10, 10 werurwe 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28372257 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-12</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W12"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/12|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Twice a year, around the equinoxes, the Wikimedia Foundation's Site Reliability Engineering (SRE) team performs [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|a datacenter server switchover]], redirecting all traffic from one primary server to its backup. This provides reliability in case of a crisis, as we can always fall back on the other datacenter. [http://listen.hatnote.com/ Thanks to the Listen to Wikipedia] tool, you can hear the switchover take place: Before it begins, you'll hear the steady stream of edits; Then, as the system enters a brief read-only phase, the sound stops for a couple of minutes, before resuming after the switchover. You can [[diffblog:2025/03/12/hear-that-the-wikis-go-silent-twice-a-year/|read more about the background and details of this process on the Diff blog]]. If you want to keep an ear out for the next server switchover, listen to the wikis on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1742392800 March 19 at 14:00 UTC]. '''Updates for editors''' * The [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&filter-type=automatic&filter-id=previous-edits&active-list=suggestions&from=en&to=es improved Content Translation tool dashboard] is now available in [[phab:T387820|10 Wikipedias]] and will be available for all Wikipedias [[phab:T387821|soon]]. With [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation#Improved translation experience|the unified dashboard]], desktop users can now: Translate new sections of an article; Discover and access topic-based [https://ig.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&active-list=suggestions&from=en&to=ig&filter-type=automatic&filter-id=previous-edits article suggestion filters] (initially available only for mobile device users); Discover and access the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Translation suggestions: Topic-based & Community-defined lists|Community-defined lists]] filter, also known as "Collections", from wiki-projects and campaigns. * On Wikimedia Commons, a [[c:Commons:WMF support for Commons/Upload Wizard Improvements#Improve category selection|new system to select the appropriate file categories]] has been introduced: if a category has one or more subcategories, users will be able to click on an arrow that will open the subcategories directly within the form, and choose the correct one. The parent category name will always be shown on top, and it will always be possible to come back to it. This should decrease the amount of work for volunteers in fixing/creating new categories. The change is also available on mobile. These changes are part of planned improvements to the UploadWizard. * The Community Tech team is seeking wikis to join a pilot for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Multiblocks|Multiblocks]] feature and a refreshed Special:Block page in late March. Multiblocks enables administrators to impose multiple different types of blocks on the same user at the same time. If you are an admin or steward and would like us to discuss joining the pilot with your community, please leave a message on the [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Multiblocks|project talk page]]. * Starting March 25, the Editing team will test a new feature for Edit Check at [[phab:T384372|12 Wikipedias]]: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Multi-check|Multi-Check]]. Half of the newcomers on these wikis will see all [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#ref|Reference Checks]] during their edit session, while the other half will continue seeing only one. The goal of this test is to see if users are confused or discouraged when shown multiple Reference Checks (when relevant) within a single editing session. At these wikis, the tags used on edits that show References Check will be simplified, as multiple tags could be shown within a single edit. Changes to the tags are documented [[phab:T373949|on Phabricator]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379131] * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global reminder bot|Global reminder bot]], which is a service for notifying users that their temporary user-rights are about to expire, now supports using the localized name of the user-rights group in the message heading. Translators can see the [[m:Global reminder bot/Translation|listing of existing translations and documentation]] to check if their language needs updating or creation. * The [[Special:GlobalPreferences|GlobalPreferences]] gender setting, which is used for how the software should refer to you in interface messages, now works as expected by overriding the local defaults. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386584] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:26}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:26|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the Wikipedia App for Android had a bug fixed for when a user is browsing and searching in multiple languages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379777] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Later this week, the way that Codex styles are loaded will be changing. There is a small risk that this may result in unstyled interface message boxes on certain pages. User generated content (e.g. templates) is not impacted. Gadgets may be impacted. If you see any issues [[phab:T388847|please report them]]. See the linked task for details, screenshots, and documentation on how to fix any affected gadgets. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.21|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/12|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W12"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:48, 17 werurwe 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28412594 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-13</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W13"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/13|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Wikimedia Foundation is seeking your feedback on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Product & Technology OKRs|drafts of the objectives and key results that will shape the Foundation's Product and Technology priorities]] for the next fiscal year (starting in July). The objectives are broad high-level areas, and the key-results are measurable ways to track the success of their objectives. Please share your feedback on the talkpage, in any language, ideally before the end of April. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] will be released to multiple wikis (see [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status#Global Deployment Plan|deployment plan]] for details) in April 2025, and the team has begun the process of engaging communities on the identified wikis. The extension provides tools to organize, manage, and promote collaborative activities (like events, edit-a-thons, and WikiProjects) on the wikis. The extension has three tools: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaboration list|Collaboration List]], and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Invitation list|Invitation Lists]]. It is currently on 13 Wikipedias, including English Wikipedia, French Wikipedia, and Spanish Wikipedia, as well as Wikidata. Questions or requests can be directed to the [[mw:Help talk:Extension:CampaignEvents|extension talk page]] or in Phabricator (with <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr" style="white-space: nowrap;">#campaigns-product-team</bdi> tag). * Starting the week of March 31st, wikis will be able to set which user groups can view private registrants in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]], as part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents]] extension. By default, event organizers and the local wiki admins will be able to see private registrants. This is a change from the current behavior, in which only event organizers can see private registrants. Wikis can change the default setup by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Requesting wiki configuration changes|requesting a configuration change]] in Phabricator (and adding the <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr" style="white-space: nowrap;">#campaigns-product-team</bdi> tag). Participants of past events can cancel their registration at any time. * Administrators at wikis that have a customized <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[MediaWiki:Sidebar]]</bdi> should check that it contains an entry for the {{int:specialpages}} listing. If it does not, they should add it using <code dir=ltr style="white-space: nowrap;">* specialpages-url|specialpages</code>. Wikis with a default sidebar will see the link moved from the page toolbox into the sidebar menu in April. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T388927] * The Minerva skin (mobile web) combines both Notice and Alert notifications within the bell icon ([[File:OOjs UI icon bell.svg|16px|link=|class=skin-invert]]). There was a long-standing bug where an indication for new notifications was only shown if you had unseen Alerts. This bug is now fixed. In the future, Minerva users will notice a counter atop the bell icon when you have 1 or more unseen Notices and/or Alerts. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344029] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * VisualEditor has introduced a [[mw:VisualEditor/Hooks|new client-side hook]] for developers to use when integrating with the VisualEditor target lifecycle. This hook should replace the existing lifecycle-related hooks, and be more consistent between different platforms. In addition, the new hook will apply to uses of VisualEditor outside of just full article editing, allowing gadgets to interact with the editor in DiscussionTools as well. The Editing Team intends to deprecate and eventually remove the old lifecycle hooks, so any use cases that this new hook does not cover would be of interest to them and can be [[phab:T355555|shared in the task]]. * Developers who use the <code dir=ltr>mw.Api</code> JavaScript library, can now identify the tool using it with the <code dir=ltr>userAgent</code> parameter: <code dir=ltr>var api = new mw.Api( { userAgent: 'GadgetNameHere/1.0.1' } );</code>. If you maintain a gadget or user script, please set a user agent, because it helps with library and server maintenance and with differentiating between legitimate and illegitimate traffic. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373874][https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Policy:Wikimedia_Foundation_User-Agent_Policy] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.22|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/13|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W13"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:43, 24 werurwe 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28443127 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-14</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W14"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/14|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The Editing team is working on a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit Check|Edit check]]: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check#26 March 2025|Peacock check]]. This check's goal is to identify non-neutral terms while a user is editing a wikipage, so that they can be informed that their edit should perhaps be changed before they publish it. This project is at the early stages, and the team is looking for communities' input: [[phab:T389445|in this Phabricator task]], they are gathering on-wiki policies, templates used to tag non-neutral articles, and the terms (jargon and keywords) used in edit summaries for the languages they are currently researching. You can participate by editing the table on Phabricator, commenting on the task, or directly messaging [[m:user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]]. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Platform Team/SUL3|Single User Login]] has now been updated on all wikis to move login and account creation to a central domain. This makes user login compatible with browser restrictions on cross-domain cookies, which have prevented users of some browsers from staying logged in. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:35}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:35|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Starting on March 31st, the MediaWiki Interfaces team will begin a limited release of generated OpenAPI specs and a SwaggerUI-based sandbox experience for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:REST API|MediaWiki REST APIs]]. They invite developers from a limited group of non-English Wikipedia communities (Arabic, German, French, Hebrew, Interlingua, Dutch, Chinese) to review the documentation and experiment with the sandbox in their preferred language. In addition to these specific Wikipedia projects, the sandbox and OpenAPI spec will be available on the [[testwiki:Special:RestSandbox|on the test wiki REST Sandbox special page]] for developers with English as their preferred language. During the preview period, the MediaWiki Interfaces Team also invites developers to [[mw:MediaWiki Interfaces Team/Feature Feedback/REST Sandbox|share feedback about your experience]]. The preview will last for approximately 2 weeks, after which the sandbox and OpenAPI specs will be made available across all wiki projects. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.23|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * Sometimes a small, [[gerrit:c/operations/cookbooks/+/1129184|one line code change]] can have great significance: in this case, it means that for the first time in years we're able to run all of the stack serving <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[http://maps.wikimedia.org/ maps.wikimedia.org]</bdi> - a host dedicated to serving our wikis and their multi-lingual maps needs - from a single core datacenter, something we test every time we perform a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|datacenter switchover]]. This is important because it means that in case one of our datacenters is affected by a catastrophe, we'll still be able to serve the site. This change is the result of [[phab:T216826|extensive work]] by two developers on porting the last component of the maps stack over to [[w:en:Kubernetes|kubernetes]], where we can allocate resources more efficiently than before, thus we're able to withstand more traffic in a single datacenter. This work involved a lot of complicated steps because this software, and the software libraries it uses, required many long overdue upgrades. This type of work makes the Wikimedia infrastructure more sustainable. '''Meetings and events''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Workshop Spring 2025|MediaWiki Users and Developers Workshop Spring 2025]] is happening in Sandusky, USA, and online, from 14–16 May 2025. The workshop will feature discussions around the usage of MediaWiki software by and within companies in different industries and will inspire and onboard new users. Registration and presentation signup is now available at the workshop's website. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/14|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W14"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:05, 1 Mata 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28473566 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-15</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W15"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/15|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * From now on, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Interface administrators|interface admins]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Central notice administrators|centralnotice admins]] are technically required to enable [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two-factor authentication|two-factor authentication]] before they can use their privileges. In the future this might be expanded to more groups with advanced user-rights. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T150898] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The Design System Team is preparing to release the next major version of Codex (v2.0.0) on April 29. Editors and developers who use CSS from Codex should see the [[mw:Codex/Release Timeline/2.0|2.0 overview documentation]], which includes guidance related to a few of the breaking changes such as <code dir=ltr style="white-space: nowrap;">font-size</code>, <code dir=ltr style="white-space: nowrap;">line-height</code>, and <code dir=ltr style="white-space: nowrap;">size-icon</code>. * The results of the [[mw:Developer Satisfaction Survey/2025|Developer Satisfaction Survey (2025)]]  are now available. Thank you to all participants. These results help the Foundation decide what to work on next and to review what they recently worked on. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.24|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Hackathon 2025|2025 Wikimedia Hackathon]] will take place in Istanbul, Turkey, between 2–4 May. Registration for attending the in-person event will close on 13 April. Before registering, please note the potential need for a [https://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkish-representations.en.mfa visa] or [https://www.mfa.gov.tr/visa-information-for-foreigners.en.mfa e-visa] to enter the country. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/15|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W15"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:53, 7 Mata 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28507470 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-16</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W16"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/16|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Later this week, the default thumbnail size will be increased from 220px to 250px. This changes how pages are shown in all wikis and has been requested by some communities for many years, but wasn't previously possible due to technical limitations. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T355914] * File thumbnails are now stored in discrete sizes. If a page specifies a thumbnail size that's not among the standard sizes (20, 40, 60, 120, 250, 330, 500, 960), then MediaWiki will pick the closest larger thumbnail size but will tell the browser to downscale it to the requested size. In these cases, nothing will change visually but users might load slightly larger images. If it doesn't matter which thumbnail size is used in a page, please pick one of the standard sizes to avoid the extra in-browser down-scaling step. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Images#Thumbnail_sizes][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T355914] '''Updates for editors''' * The Wikimedia Foundation are working on a system called [[m:Edge Uniques|Edge Uniques]] which will enable [[:w:en:A/B testing|A/B testing]], help protect against [[:w:en:Denial-of-service attack|Distributed denial-of-service attacks]] (DDoS attacks), and make it easier to understand how many visitors the Wikimedia sites have. This is so that they can more efficiently build tools which help readers, and make it easier for readers to find what they are looking for. * To improve security for users, a small percentage of logins will now require that the account owner input a one-time password [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:EmailAuth|emailed to their account]]. It is recommended that you [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-personal-email|check]] that the email address on your account is set correctly, and that it has been confirmed, and that you have an email set for this purpose. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T390662] * "Are you interested in taking a short survey to improve tools used for reviewing or reverting edits on your Wiki?" This question will be [[phab:T389401|asked at 7 wikis starting next week]], on Recent Changes and Watchlist pages. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools|Moderator Tools team]] wants to know more about activities that involve looking at new edits made to your Wikimedia project, and determining whether they adhere to your project's policies. * On April 15, the full Wikidata graph will no longer be supported on <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">[https://query.wikidata.org/ query.wikidata.org]</bdi>. After this date, scholarly articles will be available through <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr" style="white-space:nowrap;">[https://query-scholarly.wikidata.org/ query-scholarly.wikidata.org]</bdi>, while the rest of the data hosted on Wikidata will be available through the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">[https://query.wikidata.org/ query.wikidata.org]</bdi> endpoint. This is part of the scheduled split of the Wikidata Graph, which was [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update/September 2024 scaling update|announced in September 2024]]. More information is [[d:Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS graph split|available on Wikidata]]. * The latest quarterly [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Newsletter/First quarter of 2025|Wikimedia Apps Newsletter]] is now available. It covers updates, experiments, and improvements made to the Wikipedia mobile apps. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The latest quarterly [[mw:Technical Community Newsletter/2025/April|Technical Community Newsletter]] is now available. This edition includes: an invitation for tool maintainers to attend the Toolforge UI Community Feedback Session on April 15th; recent community metrics; and recent technical blog posts. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.25|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/16|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W16"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:25, 15 Mata 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28540654 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-17</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W17"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/17|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Main Page|Wikifunctions]] is now integrated with [[w:dag:Solɔɣu|Dagbani Wikipedia]] since April 15. It is the first project that will be able to call [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Introduction|functions from Wikifunctions]] and integrate them in articles. A function is something that takes one or more inputs and transforms them into a desired output, such as adding up two numbers, converting miles into metres, calculating how much time has passed since an event, or declining a word into a case. Wikifunctions will allow users to do that through a simple call of [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Catalogue|a stable and global function]], rather than via a local template. [https://www.wikifunctions.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status_updates/2025-04-16] * A new type of lint error has been created: [[Special:LintErrors/empty-heading|{{int:linter-category-empty-heading}}]] ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Lint errors/empty-heading|documentation]]). The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Linter|Linter extension]]'s purpose is to identify wikitext patterns that must or can be fixed in pages and provide some guidance about what the problems are with those patterns and how to fix them. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368722] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:37}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:37|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Following its publication on HuggingFace, the "Structured Contents" dataset, developed by Wikimedia Enterprise, is [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/kaggle-dataset/ now also available on Kaggle]. This Beta initiative is focused on making Wikimedia data more machine-readable for high-volume reusers. They are releasing this beta version in a location that open dataset communities already use, in order to seek feedback, to help improve the product for a future wider release. You can read more about the overall [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/structured-contents-snapshot-api/#open-datasets Structured Contents project], and about the [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/structured-contents-wikipedia-infobox/ first release that's freely usable]. * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''Meetings and events''' * The Editing and Machine Learning Teams invite interested volunteers to a video meeting to discuss [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Peacock check|Peacock check]], which is the latest [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check|Edit check]] that will detect "peacock" or "overly-promotional" or "non-neutral" language whilst an editor is typing. Editors who work with newcomers, or help to fix this kind of writing, or are interested in how we use artificial intelligence in our projects are encouraged to attend. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Editing team/Community Conversations#Next Conversation|meeting will be on April 28, 2025]] at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1745863200 18:00–19:00 UTC] and hosted on Zoom. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/17|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W17"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:01, 21 Mata 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28578245 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-18</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W18"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/18|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Event organizers who host collaborative activities on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status#Global Deployment Plan|multiple wikis]], including Bengali, Japanese, and Korean Wikipedias, will have access to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] this week. Also, admins in the Wikipedia where the extension is enabled will automatically be granted the event organizer right soon. They won't have to manually grant themselves the right before they can manage events as [[phab:T386861|requested by a community]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:19}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:19|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The release of the next major version of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|Codex]], the design system for Wikimedia, is scheduled for 29 April 2025. Technical editors will have access to the release by the week of 5 May 2025. This update will include a number of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Release_Timeline/2.0#Breaking_changes|breaking changes]] and minor [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Release_Timeline/2.0#Visual_changes|visual changes]]. Instructions on handling the breaking and visual changes are documented on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Release Timeline/2.0#|this page]]. Pre-release testing is reported in [[phab:T386298|T386298]], with post-release issues tracked in [[phab:T392379|T392379]] and [[phab:T392390|T392390]]. * Users of [[wikitech:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Wiki_Replicas|Wiki Replicas]] will notice that the database views of <code dir="ltr">ipblocks</code>, <code dir="ltr">ipblocks_ipindex</code>, and <code dir="ltr">ipblocks_compat</code> are [[phab:T390767|now deprecated]]. Users can query the <code dir="ltr">[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block_table|block]]</code> and <code dir="ltr">[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block_target_table|block_target]]</code> new views that mirror the new tables in the production database instead. The deprecated views will be removed entirely from Wiki Replicas in June, 2025. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.27|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/April|Language and Internationalization Newsletter]] is now available. This edition includes an overview of the improved [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=es&filter-type=automatic&filter-id=previous-edits&active-list=suggestions&from=en#/ Content Translation Dashboard Tool], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/April#Language Support for New and Existing Languages|support for new languages]], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/April#Wiki Loves Ramadan Articles Made In Content Translation Mobile Workflow|highlights from the Wiki Loves Ramadan campaign]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Research:Languages Onboarding Experiment 2024 - Executive Summary|results from the Language Onboarding Experiment]], an analysis of topic diversity in articles, and information on upcoming community meetings and events. '''Meetings and events''' * The [[Special:MyLanguage/Grants:Knowledge_Sharing/Connect/Calendar|Let's Connect Learning Clinic]] will take place on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1745937000 April 29 at 14:30 UTC]. This edition will focus on "Understanding and Navigating Conflict in Wikimedia Projects". You can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Learning Clinic %E2%80%93 Understanding and Navigating Conflict in Wikimedia Projects (Part_1)|register now]] to attend. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Hackathon 2025|2025 Wikimedia Hackathon]], which brings the global technical community together to connect, brainstorm, and hack existing projects, will take place from May 2 to 4th, 2025, at Istanbul, Turkey. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/18|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W18"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:32, 28 Mata 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28585685 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-19</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W19"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/19|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Wikimedia Foundation has shared the latest draft update to their [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026|annual plan]] for next year (July 2025–June 2026). This includes an [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026|executive summary]] (also on [[diffblog:2025/04/25/sharing-the-wikimedia-foundations-2025-2026-draft-annual-plan/|Diff]]), details about the three main [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals|goals]] ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Product & Technology OKRs|Infrastructure]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals/Volunteer Support|Volunteer Support]], and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals/Effectiveness|Effectiveness]]), [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Global Trends|global trends]], and the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Budget Overview|budget]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Financial Model|financial model]]. Feedback and questions are welcome on the [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026|talk page]] until the end of May. '''Updates for editors''' * For wikis that have the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status|CampaignEvents extension enabled]], two new feature improvements have been released: ** Admins can now choose which namespaces are permitted for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]] via [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Community Configuration|Community Configuration]] ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Registration/Permitted namespaces|documentation]]). The default setup is for event registration to be permitted in the Event namespace, but other namespaces (such as the project namespace or WikiProject namespace) can now be added. With this change, communities like WikiProjects can now more easily use Event Registration for their collaborative activities. ** Editors can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Transclusion|transclude]] the Collaboration List on a wiki page ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Collaboration list/Transclusion|documentation]]). The Collaboration List is an automated list of events and WikiProjects on the wikis, accessed via {{#special:AllEvents}} ([[w:en:Special:AllEvents|example]]). Now, the Collaboration List can be added to all sorts of wiki pages, such as: a wiki mainpage, a WikiProject page, an affiliate page, an event page, or even a user page. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Developers who use the <code dir=ltr>moment</code> library in gadgets and user scripts should revise their code to use alternatives like the <code dir=ltr>Intl</code> library or the new <code dir=ltr>mediawiki.DateFormatter</code> library. The <code dir=ltr>moment</code> library has been deprecated and will begin to log messages in the developer console. You can see a global search for current uses, and [[phab:T392532|ask related questions in this Phabricator task]]. * Developers who maintain a tool that queries the Wikidata term store tables (<code dir=ltr style="white-space: nowrap;">wbt_*</code>) need to update their code to connect to a separate database cluster. These tables are being split into a separate database cluster. Tools that query those tables via the wiki replicas must be adapted to connect to the new cluster instead. [[wikitech:News/2025 Wikidata term store database split|Documentation and related links are available]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T390954] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.28|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The latest [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates|Chart Project newsletter]] is available. It includes updates on preparing to expand the deployment to additional wikis as soon as this week (starting May 6) and scaling up over the following weeks, plus exploring filtering and transforming source data. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/19|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W19"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:15, 6 Gicurasi 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28665011 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-20</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W20"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/20|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia URL Shortener|"Get shortened URL"]] link on the sidebar now includes a [[phab:T393309|QR code]]. Wikimedia site users can now use it by scanning or downloading it to quickly share and access shared content from Wikimedia sites, conveniently. '''Updates for editors''' * The Wikimedia Foundation is working on a system called [[m:Edge Uniques|Edge Uniques]], which will enable [[w:en:A/B testing|A/B testing]], help protect against [[w:en:Denial-of-service attack|distributed denial-of-service attacks]] (DDoS attacks), and make it easier to understand how many visitors the Wikimedia sites have. This is to help more efficiently build tools which help readers, and make it easier for readers to find what they are looking for. Tech News has [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/16|previously written about this]]. The deployment will be gradual. Some might see the Edge Uniques cookie the week of 19 May. You can discuss this on the [[m:Talk:Edge Uniques|talk page]]. * Starting May 19, 2025, Event organisers in wikis with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] enabled can use [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]] in the project namespace (e.g., Wikipedia namespace, Wikidata namespace). With this change, communities don't need admins to use the feature. However, wikis that don't want this change can remove and add the permitted namespaces at [[Special:CommunityConfiguration/CampaignEvents]]. * The Wikipedia project now has a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia/en}} in [[d:Q36720|Nupe]] ([[w:nup:|<code>w:nup:</code>]]). This is a language primarily spoken in the North Central region of Nigeria. Speakers of this language are invited to contribute to [[w:nup:Tatacin feregi|new Wikipedia]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Developers can now access pre-parsed Dutch Wikipedia, amongst others (English, German, French, Spanish, Italian, and Portuguese) through the [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/docs/snapshot/#structured-contents-snapshot-bundle-info-beta Structured Contents snapshots (beta)]. The content includes parsed Wikipedia abstracts, descriptions, main images, infoboxes, article sections, and references. * The <code dir="ltr">/page/data-parsoid</code> REST API endpoint is no longer in use and will be deprecated. It is [[phab:T393557|scheduled to be turned off]] on June 7, 2025. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.1|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/News/2025_Cloud_VPS_VXLAN_IPv6_migration IPv6 support] is a newly introduced Cloud virtual network that significantly boosts Wikimedia platforms' scalability, security, and readiness for the future. If you are a technical contributor eager to learn more, check out [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2025/05/06/wikimedia-cloud-vps-ipv6-support/ this blog post] for an in-depth look at the journey to IPv6. '''Meetings and events''' * The 2nd edition of 2025 of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Afrika Baraza|Afrika Baraza]], a virtual platform for African Wikimedians to connect, will take place on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1747328400 May 15 at 17:00 UTC]. This edition will focus on discussions regarding [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026|Wikimedia Annual planning and progress]]. * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MENA Connect Community Call|MENA Connect Community Call]], a virtual meeting for [[w:en:Middle East and North Africa|MENA]] Wikimedians to connect, will take place on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1747501200 May 17 at 17:00 UTC]. You can [[m:Event:MENA Connect (Wiki_Diwan) APP Call|register now]] to attend. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/20|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W20"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:38, 12 Gicurasi 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28714188 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-21</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W21"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/21|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Editing Team and the Machine Learning Team are working on a new check for newcomers: [[mw:Edit check/Peacock check|Peacock check]]. Using a prediction model, this check will encourage editors to improve the tone of their edits, using artificial intelligence. We invite volunteers to review the first version of the Peacock language model for the following languages: Arabic, Spanish, Portuguese, English, and Japanese. Users from these wikis interested in reviewing this model are [[mw:Edit check/Peacock check/model test|invited to sign up at MediaWiki.org]]. The deadline to sign up is on May 23, which will be the start date of the test. '''Updates for editors''' * From May 20, 2025, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Oversight policy|oversighters]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Meta:CheckUsers|checkusers]] will need to have their accounts secured with two-factor authentication (2FA) to be able to use their advanced rights. All users who belong to these two groups and do not have 2FA enabled have been informed. In the future, this requirement may be extended to other users with advanced rights. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Mandatory two-factor authentication for users with some extended rights|Learn more]]. * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Multiblocks|Multiblocks]] will begin mass deployment by the end of the month: all non-Wikipedia projects plus Catalan Wikipedia will adopt Multiblocks in the week of May 26, while all other Wikipedias will adopt it in the week of June 2. Please [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Multiblocks|contact the team]] if you have concerns. Administrators can test the new user interface now on your own wiki by browsing to [{{fullurl:Special:Block|usecodex=1}} {{#special:Block}}?usecodex=1], and can test the full multiblocks functionality [[testwiki:Special:Block|on testwiki]]. Multiblocks is the feature that makes it possible for administrators to impose different types of blocks on the same user at the same time. See the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Manage blocks|help page]] for more information. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T377121] * Later this week, the [[{{#special:SpecialPages}}]] listing of almost all special pages will be updated with a new design. This page has been [[phab:T219543|redesigned]] to improve the user experience in a few ways, including: The ability to search for names and aliases of the special pages, sorting, more visible marking of restricted special pages, and a more mobile-friendly look. The new version can be [https://meta.wikimedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Special:SpecialPages previewed] at Beta Cluster now, and feedback shared in the task. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T219543] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Chart extension]] is being enabled on more wikis. For a detailed list of when the extension will be enabled on your wiki, please read the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project#Deployment Timeline|deployment timeline]]. * [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Main Page|Wikifunctions]] will be deployed on May 27 on five Wiktionaries: [[wikt:ha:|Hausa]], [[wikt:ig:|Igbo]], [[wikt:bn:|Bengali]], [[wikt:ml:|Malayalam]], and [[wikt:dv:|Dhivehi/Maldivian]]. This is the second batch of deployment planned for the project. After deployment, the projects will be able to call [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Introduction|functions from Wikifunctions]] and integrate them in their pages. A function is something that takes one or more inputs and transforms them into a desired output, such as adding up two numbers, converting miles into metres, calculating how much time has passed since an event, or declining a word into a case. Wikifunctions will allow users to do that through a simple call of [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Catalogue|a stable and global function]], rather than via a local template. * Later this week, the Wikimedia Foundation will publish a hub for [[diffblog:2024/07/09/on-the-value-of-experimentation/|experiments]]. This is to showcase and get user feedback on product experiments. The experiments help the Wikimedia movement [[diffblog:2023/07/13/exploring-paths-for-the-future-of-free-knowledge-new-wikipedia-chatgpt-plugin-leveraging-rich-media-social-apps-and-other-experiments/|understand new users]], how they interact with the internet and how it could affect the Wikimedia movement. Some examples are [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Future Audiences/Generated Video|generated video]], the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Future Audiences/Roblox game|Wikipedia Roblox speedrun game]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Future Audiences/Discord bot|the Discord bot]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:29}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:29|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, there was a bug with creating an account using the API, which has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T390751] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Gadgets and user scripts that interact with [[{{#special:Block}}]] may need to be updated to work with the new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Manage blocks|manage blocks interface]]. Please review the [[mw:Help:Manage blocks/Developers|developer guide]] for more information. If you need help or are unable to adapt your script to the new interface, please let the team know on the [[mw:Help talk:Manage blocks/Developers|talk page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T377121] * The <code dir=ltr>mw.title</code> object allows you to get information about a specific wiki page in the [[w:en:Wikipedia:Lua|Lua]] programming language. Starting this week, a new property will be added to the object, named <code dir=ltr>isDisambiguationPage</code>. This property allows you to check if a page is a disambiguation page, without the need to write a custom function. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T71441] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] User script developers can use a [[toolforge:gitlab-content|new reverse proxy tool]] to load javascript and css from [[gitlab:|gitlab.wikimedia.org]] with <code dir=ltr>mw.loader.load</code>. The tool's author hopes this will enable collaborative development workflows for user scripts including linting, unit tests, code generation, and code review on <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">gitlab.wikimedia.org</bdi> without a separate copy-and-paste step to publish scripts to a Wikimedia wiki for integration and acceptance testing. See [[wikitech:Tool:Gitlab-content|Tool:Gitlab-content on Wikitech]] for more information. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.2|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * The 12th edition of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Workshop 2025|Wiki Workshop 2025]], a forum that brings together researchers that explore all aspects of Wikimedia projects, will be held virtually on 21-22 May. Researchers can [https://pretix.eu/wikimedia/wikiworkshop2025/ register now]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/21|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W21"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:13, 19 Gicurasi 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28724712 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-22</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W22"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/22|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * A community-wide discussion about a very delicate issue for the development of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia|Abstract Wikipedia]] is now open on Meta: where to store the abstract content that will be developed through functions from Wikifunctions and data from Wikidata. The discussion is open until June 12 at [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content|Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content]], and every opinion is welcomed. The decision will be made and communicated after the consultation period by the Foundation. '''Updates for editors''' * Since last week, on all wikis except [[phab:T388604|the largest 20]], people using the mobile visual editor will have [[phab:T385851|additional tools in the menu bar]], accessed using the new <code>+</code> toolbar button. To start, the new menu will include options to add: citations, hieroglyphs, and code blocks. Deployment to the remaining wikis is [[phab:T388605|scheduled]] to happen in June. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] The <code dir=ltr>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserFunctions##ifexist|#ifexist]]</code> parser function will no longer register a link to its target page. This will improve the usefulness of [[{{#special:WantedPages}}]], which will eventually only list pages that are the target of an actual red link. This change will happen gradually as the source pages are updated. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T14019] * This week, the Moderator Tools team will launch [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|a new filter to Recent Changes]], starting at Indonesian Wikipedia. This new filter highlights edits that are likely to be reverted. The goal is to help Recent Changes patrollers identify potentially problematic edits. Other wikis will benefit from this filter in the future. * Upon clicking an empty search bar, logged-out users will see suggestions of articles for further reading. The feature will be available on both desktop and mobile. Readers of Catalan, Hebrew, and Italian Wikipedias and some sister projects will receive the change between May 21 and mid-June. Readers of other wikis will receive the change later. The goal is to encourage users to read the wikis more. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Content Discovery Experiments/Search Suggestions|Learn more]]. * Some users of the Wikipedia Android app can use a new feature for readers, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/TrivaGame|WikiGames]], a daily trivia game based on real historical events. The release has started as an A/B test, available to 50% of users in the following languages: English, French, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, Arabic, Chinese, and Turkish. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Newsletter|Newsletter extension]] that is available on MediaWiki.org allows the creation of [[mw:Special:Newsletters|various newsletters]] for global users. The extension can now publish new issues as section links on an existing page, instead of requiring a new page for each issue. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T393844] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The previously deprecated <code dir=ltr>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Ipblocks table|ipblocks]]</code> views in [[wikitech:Help:Wiki Replicas|Wiki Replicas]] will be removed in the beginning of June. Users are encouraged to query the new <code dir=ltr>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block table|block]]</code> and <code dir=ltr>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block target table|block_target]]</code> views instead. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.3|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Wikidata and Sister Projects|Wikidata and Sister Projects]] is a multi-day online event that will focus on how Wikidata is integrated to Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia projects. The event runs from May 29 – June 1. You can [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Wikidata and Sister Projects#Sessions|read the Program schedule]] and [[d:Special:RegisterForEvent/1291|register]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/22|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W22"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:05, 26 Gicurasi 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28788673 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-23</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W23"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/23|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Chart extension]] is now available on all Wikimedia wikis. Editors can use this new extension to create interactive data visualizations like bar, line, area, and pie charts. Charts are designed to replace many of the uses of the legacy [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph|Graph extension]]. '''Updates for editors''' * It is now easier to configure automatic citations for your wiki within the visual editor's [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid/Enabling Citoid on your wiki|citation generator]]. Administrators can now set a default template by using the <code dir=ltr>_default</code> key in the local <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[MediaWiki:Citoid-template-type-map.json]]</bdi> page ([[mw:Special:Diff/6969653/7646386|example diff]]). Setting this default will also help to future-proof your existing configurations when [[phab:T347823|new item types]] are added in the future. You can still set templates for individual item types as they will be preferred to the default template. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T384709] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Starting the week of June 2, bots logging in using <code dir=ltr>action=login</code> or <code dir=ltr>action=clientlogin</code> will fail more often. This is because of stronger protections against suspicious logins. Bots using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Bot passwords|bot passwords]] or using a loginless authentication method such as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/Owner-only consumers|OAuth]] are not affected. If your bot is not using one of those, you should update it; using <code dir=ltr>action=login</code> without a bot password was deprecated [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/3EEMN7VQX5G7WMQI5K2GP5JC2336DPTD/|in 2016]]. For most bots, this only requires changing what password the bot uses. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395205] * From this week, Wikimedia wikis will allow ES2017 features in JavaScript code for official code, gadgets, and user scripts. The most visible feature of ES2017 is <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>async</code>/<code>await</code></bdi> syntax, allowing for easier-to-read code. Until this week, the platform only allowed up to ES2016, and a few months before that, up to ES2015. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381537] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.4|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * Scholarship applications to participate in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM Wiki 2025|GLAM Wiki Conference 2025]] are now open. The conference will take place from 30 October to 1 November, in Lisbon, Portugal. GLAM contributors who lack the means to support their participation can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM Wiki 2025/Scholarships|apply here]]. Scholarship applications close on June 7th. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/23|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W23"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:55, 2 Kamena 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28819186 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-24</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W24"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/24|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product|Trust and Safety Product team]] is finalizing work needed to roll out [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] on large Wikipedias later this month. The team has worked with stewards and other users with extended rights to predict and address many use cases that may arise on larger wikis, so that community members can continue to effectively moderate and patrol temporary accounts. This will be the second of three phases of deployment – the last one will take place in September at the earliest. For more information about the recent developments on the project, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Updates|see this update]]. If you have any comments or questions, write on the [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|talk page]], and [[m:Event:CEE Catch up Nr. 10 (June 2025)|join a CEE Catch Up]] this Tuesday. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist expiry|watchlist expiry]] feature allows editors to watch pages for a limited period of time. After that period, the page is automatically removed from your watchlist. Starting this week, you can set a preference for the default period of time to watch pages. The [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-watchlist-pageswatchlist|preferences]] also allow you to set different default watch periods for editing existing pages, pages you create, and when using rollback. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T265716] [[File:Talk pages default look (April 2023).jpg|thumb|alt=Screenshot of the visual improvements made on talk pages|Example of a talk page with the new design, in French.]] * The appearance of talk pages will change at almost all Wikipedias ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/19|some]] have already received this design change, [[phab:T379264|a few]] will get these changes later). You can read details about the changes [[diffblog:2024/05/02/making-talk-pages-better-for-everyone/|on ''Diff'']]. It is possible to opt out of these changes [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion|in user preferences]] ("{{int:discussiontools-preference-visualenhancements}}"). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T319146][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T392121] * Users with specific extended rights (including administrators, bureaucrats, checkusers, oversighters, and stewards) can now have IP addresses of all temporary accounts [[phab:T358853|revealed automatically]] during time-limited periods where they need to combat high-speed account-hopping vandalism. This feature was requested by stewards. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386492] * This week, the Moderator Tools and Machine Learning teams will continue the rollout of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|a new filter to Recent Changes]], releasing it to several more Wikipedias. This filter utilizes the Revert Risk model, which was created by the Research team, to highlight edits that are likely to be reverted and help Recent Changes patrollers identify potentially problematic contributions. The feature will be rolled out to the following Wikipedias: {{int:project-localized-name-afwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hawwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-iswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-simplewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/en}}. The rollout will continue in the coming weeks to include [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|the rest of the Wikipedias in this project]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391964] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * AbuseFilter editors active on Meta-Wiki and large Wikipedias are kindly asked to update AbuseFilter to make it compatible with temporary accounts. A link to the instructions and the private lists of filters needing verification are [[phab:T369611|available on Phabricator]]. * Lua modules now have access to the name of a page's associated thumbnail image, and on [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/g/operations/mediawiki-config/+/2e4ab14aa15bb95568f9c07dd777065901eb2126/wmf-config/InitialiseSettings.php#10849 some wikis] to the WikiProject assessment information. This is possible using two new properties on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#added-by-extensions|mw.title objects]], named <code dir=ltr>pageImage</code> and <code dir=ltr>pageAssessments</code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T131911][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380122] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.5|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/24|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W24"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:17, 10 Kamena 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28846858 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-25</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W25"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/25|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * You can [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/359761?lang=en nominate your favorite tools] for the sixth edition of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award|Coolest Tool Award]]. Nominations are anonymous and will be open until June 25. You can re-use the survey to nominate multiple tools. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:33}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:33|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.6|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * Foundation staff and technical volunteers use Wikimedia APIs to build the tools, applications, features, and integrations that enhance user experiences. Over the coming years, the MediaWiki Interfaces team will be investing in Wikimedia web (HTTP) APIs to better serve technical volunteer needs and protect Wikimedia infrastructure from potential abuse. You can [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2025/06/12/apis-as-a-product-investing-in-the-current-and-next-generation-of-technical-contributors/ read more about their plans to evolve the APIs in this Techblog post]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/25|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W25"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:38, 16 Kamena 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28870688 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-26</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W26"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/26|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * This week, the Moderator Tools and Machine Learning teams will continue the rollout of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|a new filter to Recent Changes]], releasing it to the third and last batch of Wikipedias. This filter utilizes the Revert Risk model, which was created by the Research team, to highlight edits that are likely to be reverted and help Recent Changes patrollers identify potentially problematic contributions. The feature will be rolled out to the following Wikipedias: {{int:project-localized-name-azwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-swwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tlwiki/en}}. The rollout will continue in the coming weeks to include [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|the rest of the Wikipedias in this project]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391964] '''Updates for editors''' * Last week, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] were rolled out on Czech, Korean, and Turkish Wikipedias. This and next week, deployments on larger Wikipedias will follow. [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|Share your thoughts]] about the project. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T340001] * Later this week, the Editing team will release [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Multi check|Multi Check]] to all Wikipedias (except English Wikipedia). This feature shows multiple [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Reference check|Reference checks]] within the editing experience. This encourages users to add citations when they add multiple new paragraphs to a Wikipedia article. This feature was previously available as an A/B test. [https://analytics.wikimedia.org/published/reports/editing/multi_check_ab_test_report_final.html#summary-of-results The test shows] that users who are shown multiple checks are 1.3 times more likely to add a reference to their edit, and their edit is less likely to be reverted (-34.7%). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395519] * A few pages need to be renamed due to software updates and to match more recent Unicode standards. All of these changes are related to title-casing changes. Approximately 71 pages and 3 files will be renamed, across 15 wikis; the complete list is in [[phab:T396903|the task]]. The developers will rename these pages next week, and they will fix redirects and embedded file links a few minutes later via a system settings update. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:24}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:24|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed that had caused pages to scroll upwards when text near the top was selected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T364023] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Editors can now use Lua modules to filter and transform tabular data for use with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Extension:Chart]]. This can be used for things like selecting a subset of rows or columns from the source data, converting between units, statistical processing, and many other useful transformations. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Transforms|Information on how to use transforms is available]]. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates] * The <code dir=ltr>all_links</code> variable in [[Special:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]] is now renamed to <code dir=ltr>new_links</code> for consistency with other variables. Old usages will still continue to work. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391811] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.7|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters/34|Growth newsletter]] is available. It includes: the recent updates for the "Add a Link" Task, two new Newcomer Engagement Features, and updates to Community Configuration. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/26|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W26"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:21, 23 Kamena 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28870688 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-27</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W27"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/27|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] has been enabled on all Wikipedias. The extension makes it easier to organize and participate in collaborative activities, like edit-a-thons and WikiProjects, on the wikis. The extension has three features: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaboration list|Collaboration List]], and [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Invitation list|Invitation List]]. To request the extension for your wiki, visit the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status#How to Request the CampaignEvents Extension for your wiki|Deployment information page]]. '''Updates for editors''' * AbuseFilter maintainers can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:IPReputation/AbuseFilter variables|match against IP reputation data]] in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilters]]. IP reputation data is information about the proxies and VPNs associated with the user's IP address. This data is not shown publicly and is not generated for actions performed by registered accounts. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T354599] * Hidden content that is within [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Collapsible elements|collapsible parts of wikipages]] will now be revealed when someone searches the page using the web browser's "Find in page" function (Ctrl+F or ⌘F) in supporting browsers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T327893][https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Reference/Global_attributes/hidden#browser_compatibility] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] A new feature, called [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData/Template discovery|Favourite Templates]], will be deployed later this week on all projects (except English Wikipedia, which will receive the feature next week), following a piloting phase on Polish and Arabic Wikipedia, and Italian and English Wikisource. The feature will provide a better way for new and experienced contributors to recall and discover templates via the template dialog, by allowing users to put templates on a special "favourite list". The feature works with both the visual editor and the wikitext editor. The feature is a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas/Template recall and discovery|community wishlist focus area]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed that had caused some Notifications to be sent multiple times. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T397103] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.8|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/27|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W27"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:41, 30 Kamena 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28917415 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-28</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W28"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/28|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Temporary accounts|Temporary accounts]] have been rolled out on 18 large and medium-sized Wikipedias, including German, Japanese, French, and Chinese. Now, about 1/3 of all logged-out activity across wikis is coming from temporary accounts. Users involved in patrolling may be interested in two new documentation pages: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Access to IP|Access to IP]], explaining everything related to access to temporary account IP addresses, and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Repository|Repository]] with a list of new gadgets and user scripts. '''Updates for editors''' * Anyone can play an experimental new game, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/New Engagement Experiments/WikiRun|WikiRun]], that lets you race through Wikipedia by clicking from one article to another, aiming to reach a target page in as few steps and in as little time as possible. The project's goal is to explore new ways of engaging readers. [https://wikirun-game.toolforge.org/ Try playing the game] and let the team know what you think [[mw:Talk:New Engagement Experiments/WikiRun|on the talk page]]. * Users of the Wikipedia Android app in some languages can now play the new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/TrivaGame|trivia game]]. ''Which came first?'' is a simple history game where you guess which of two events happened earlier on today's date. It was previously available as an A/B test. It is now available to all users in English, German, French, Spanish, Portuguese, Russian, Arabic, Turkish, and Chinese. The goal of the feature is to help engage with new generations of readers. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/22] * Users of the iOS Wikipedia App in some languages may see a new tabbed browsing feature that enables you to open multiple tabs while reading. This feature makes it easier to explore related topics and switch between articles. The A/B test is currently running in Arabic, English, and Japanese in selected regions. More details are available on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Tabbed Browsing (Tabs)|Tabbed Browsing project page]]. * Bureaucrats on Wikimedia wikis can now use [[{{#special:VerifyOATHForUser}}]] to check if users have enabled [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two-factor authentication|two-factor authentication]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T265726] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] A new feature related to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas/Template recall and discovery|Template Recall and Discovery]] will be deployed later this week to all Wikimedia projects: a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData/Template discovery#Template categories|template category browser]] will be introduced to assist users in finding templates to put in their “favourite” list. The browser will allow users to browse a list of templates which have been organised into a given category tree. The feature has been requested by the community [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Wishes/Select templates by categories|through the Community Wishlist]]. * It is now possible to access watchlist preferences from the watchlist page. Also the redundant button to edit the watchlist has been removed. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Moderator_Tools/Watchlist] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * As part of [[mw:MediaWiki_1.44|MediaWiki 1.44]] there is now a unified built-in Notifications system that makes it easier for developers to send, manage, and customize notifications. Check out the updated documentation at [[mw:Manual:Notifications|Manual:Notifications]], information about migration in [[phab:T388663|T388663]] and details on deprecated hooks in [[phab:T389624|T389624]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.9|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Event:WikidataCon 2025|WikidataCon 2025]], the conference dedicated to Wikidata is now open for [https://pretalx.com/wikidatacon-2025/cfp session proposals] and for [[d:Special:RegisterForEvent/1340|registration]]. This year's event will be held online from October 31 – November 02 and will explore on the theme of "Connecting People through Linked Open Data". '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/28|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W28"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:06, 8 Nyakanga 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28930584 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-29</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W29"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/29|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData/Template discovery#Featured templates|Featured templates]], a new feature related to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas/Template recall and discovery|Template Recall and Discovery]] will be deployed this week to all Wikimedia projects: With this feature, editors will be able to quickly access a list of templates that are likely to be useful. These templates will be displayed in a list, under the "featured" tab of the template discovery interface. Administrators can define the list via the Community Configuration interface. The feature fulfills a request by the community [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Wishes/Easy access Templates|through the Community Wishlist]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T367428][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T392896] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the request to add Malayalam fonts in the [[oldWikisource:Special:MyLanguage/Wikisource:WS Export|Wikisource Book Export Tool]] was resolved and now, the rendering of Malayalam letters in exported Wikisource books are accurate. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374457] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.10|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * Developers, designers, and all Wikimedians are invited to [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/7953/ submit a project idea] for the Wikimania Hackathon 2025. Read [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/06/30/call-for-projects-wikimania-hackathon-2025-is-coming-to-nairobi/ this Diff blog post] for more details. '''Meetings and events''' * [[m:WikiIndaba conference 2025|WikiIndaba 2025]] scholarship application and program submission is open until 23:59 GMT on July 20. WikiIndaba is a regional conference for African Wikimedians both on the continent and in the diaspora to unite and grow together. Submit [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdJTv68R1OPASXXDfpIl8EWiMLTM-TDwh6_5gNVvFuWccFZ2Q/viewform your scholarship application] and [https://ee.kobotoolbox.org/x/BI3omIfH program proposal] now! * [https://br.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiCon_Brasil_2025 WikiCon Brasil 2025] will take place on July 19-20 in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. The Brazilian community members are encouraged to register and attend! '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/29|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W29"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:10, 14 Nyakanga 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28980963 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-30</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W30"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/30|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The Translation Suggestions feature in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation|Content Translation tool]] now has another level of article filters added to the "[https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&filter-type=automatic&filter-id=previous-edits&active-list=suggestions&from=en&to=fi#/ ... More]" category. Translators who use the Suggestions feature can now select and receive article suggestions that are customized to geographical locations of their interest using the new "{{int:Cx-sx-suggestions-filters-tab-regions}}" filter. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T113257] * Administrators can now limit "Add a Link" to newcomers. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|"Add a Link"]] Structured Task [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Constructive activation experimentation#Enwiki A/B test & "Add a Link" Improvements (Wiki Experiences 1.2.11 & 1.2.16)|helps new account holders start editing]], but some communities have requested the ability to restrict it to its intended audience: newcomers. Administrators can configure this setting within the [[Special:CommunityConfiguration/GrowthSuggestedEdits|Community Configuration]] feature. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:29}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:29|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * For AbuseFilter editors on [[phab:T392144|some wikis]], it is now possible to filter edits based on the RevertRisk score of the edit being attempted. It is only populated if the action being evaluated is an edit. For more information, please see the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:ORES/AbuseFilter variables#What variables are available for use|ORES/AbuseFilter variables]] documentation. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Beta Cluster|Beta Cluster]] wikis have [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/YDABPV75LADRQCXMJAFWUP256N4EQ25B/|been moved]] from <code dir=ltr>beta.wmflabs.org</code> to <code dir=ltr>beta.wmcloud.org</code>. Users may need to update URLs in any tools, or in their password managers. Any related issues can be [[phab:T289318|reported in the task]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.11|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WikiCite 2025|WikiCite 2025]] will take place from 29–31 August, both online and in-person in Bern, Switzerland. The event's goals are to reconnect communities, institutions, and individuals working with open citations, bibliographic data, and the Wikidata/Wikibase ecosystem. Registration is open and the call for proposals will be announced soon. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikidata@lists.wikimedia.org/message/KQZUG3ETKLBWPBYSB2YAWZIRPWHS24TG/] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/30|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W30"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:43, 21 Nyakanga 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29005283 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-31</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W31"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/31|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Community Tech team will be focusing on wishes related to Watchlists and Recent Changes pages, over the next few months. They are looking for feedback. Please [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates#July 24, 2025: Watchlists and Recent Changes pages|read the latest update]], and if you have ideas, please [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist|submit a wish]] on the topic. '''Updates for editors''' * The Wikimedia Commons community has decided to block [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Upload dialog|cross-wiki uploads]] to Wikimedia Commons, for all users without autoconfirmed rights on that wiki, starting on August 16. This is because of [[:c:Commons:Cross-wiki media upload tool/History|widespread problems]] related to files that are uploaded by newcomers. Users who are affected by this will get an error message with a link to the less restrictive UploadWizard on Commons. Please help translating the [[:c:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki:Abusefilter-disallowed-cross-wiki-upload|message]] or give feedback on the message text. Please also update your local help pages to explain this restriction. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370598] * On wikis with temporary accounts enabled and Meta-Wiki, administrators may now set up a footer for the Special:Contributions pages of temporary accounts, similar to those which can be shown on IP and user-account pages. They may do it by creating the page named <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:Sp-contributions-footer-temp</code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398347] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.12|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2025:Wikimania|Wikimania 2025]] will run from August 6–9. The [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/schedule/ program is available] for you to plan which sessions you want to attend. Most sessions will be live-streamed, with exceptions for those that show the "no camera" icon. If you are joining online to watch live-streams and use the interactive features, please [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2025:Registration|register]] for a free virtual ticket. For example, you may be interested in technical sessions such as: ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/KFEFVG/ Temporary Accounts: Enhancing privacy for our unregistered editors] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/TVCVAB/ Building a Sustainable Future for Wikimedia Contributors] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/WTRQCJ/ A dozen visions for wikitext!] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/8YKKP9/ Coordinate Across Stakeholders with the Product and Technology Advisory Council] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Fall 2025|MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference, Fall 2025]] will be held 28–30 October 2025 in Hanover, Germany. This event is organized by and for the third-party MediaWiki community. You can propose sessions and register to attend. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/31|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W31"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:27, 29 Nyakanga 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29051727 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-32</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W32"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/32|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Editors can now enable the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Anti-abuse signals/User Info|User Info card]]. This feature adds an icon next to usernames on history pages and similar user-contribution log pages. When you tap or click on the icon, it displays data related to that user account such as the number of edits, reverted edits, blocks, and more. It's part of a broader project to make it easier for moderators to evaluate account trustworthiness. The feature can be enabled in [[testwiki:Special:GlobalPreferences#mw-prefsection-rendering|your global preferences]], and later this week it will be available in local preferences. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386439] * Everybody is invited to share comments on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaborative contributions|Collaborative Contributions]], a project recently launched by the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Connection Team|Connection team]]. The project aims to create a new way to display the impact of collaborative editing activities (such as edit-a-thons, backlog drives, and WikiProjects) on the wikis. Post your comments on the [[m:Talk:CampaignEvents/Collaborative contributions|project talk page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378035] * Administrators can now define the default block duration for temporary accounts. To do that, they need to create a page named <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:Ipb-default-expiry-temporary-account</code> and use a value defined in <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:Ipboptions</code>. This allows administrators to easily block temporary accounts for 90 days, which is functionally equivalent to an indefinite block. The advantage of this solution is that it does not clutter Special:BlockList. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block and unblock#Default block duration options|More documentation]] is available. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398626] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Gadgets can now include <code dir=ltr>.vue</code> files. This makes it easier to develop modern user interfaces using [[mw:Vue.js|Vue.js]], in particular using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|Codex]], the official design system of Wikimedia. [[wmdoc:codex/latest/icons/overview.html|Codex icons]] can be loaded through the gadget definition. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets#Pages|The documentation]] has examples. For user scripts that use Vue.js, an [[mw:API:CodexIcons|API module]] now exists to load Codex icons. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T340460][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T311099] * Module developers can now use a [[mw:Help:Extension:Translate/Message Bundles/Lua reference|Lua interface]] to simplify the preparation of Lua modules for translation on Meta-Wiki. This improvement makes it easier for translators to find and edit module strings without dealing with raw Lua code. It helps prevent mistakes that could break the module during translation. Module developers and translators are invited to [[commons:File:Translatable modules video demo July 2025.webm|watch the demo video]], read more about [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Translatable modules|translatable modules]] to understand how it works, refer to Meta-Wiki's [[m:Module:User Wikimedia project|Module:User Wikimedia project]] for example usage, and [[mw:Talk:Translatable modules|share their feedback]] on how well it addresses the challenges in their workflow. The interface still has some performance issues, so it should not be used in widely used modules yet. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T359918] * Developers of external tools that connect to Wikimedia pages must set a user-agent that complies with [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Wikimedia Foundation User-Agent Policy|the user-agent policy]]. This policy will start to be more strongly enforced in August because of external crawlers that are [[diffblog:2025/04/01/how-crawlers-impact-the-operations-of-the-wikimedia-projects/|overusing]] Wikimedia's resources. Tools that are hosted on Wikimedia's Toolforge or Cloud VPS will not be affected by this for now, but should still set a user-agent. [[phab:T400119|More technical details are available]], and related questions are welcome in that task. * Parsoid Read Views is going to be rolling out to some smaller Wikipedias over the next few weeks, following the successful transition of Wikivoyages and Wiktionaries to Parsoid Read Views. For more information, see the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification|Parsoid/Parser Unification]] project page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/profile/7694/] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.13|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2025:Wikimania|Wikimania 2025]] will run from August 6–9. The [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/schedule/ program is available] for you to plan which sessions you want to attend. Most sessions will be live-streamed, with exceptions for those that show the "no camera" icon. If you are joining online to watch live-streams and use the interactive features, please [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2025:Registration|register]] for a free virtual ticket. For example, you may be interested in technical sessions such as: ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/GEH9DH/ Wikimedia’s knowledge infrastructure in a changing internet: Establishing sustainable pathways for content reuse] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/7ELN9Q/ Wikifunctions is coming soon to a wiki near you!] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/ZMGVJV/ Shaping the Future of Wikipedia’s Reader Experience] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/KCKTFZ/ Making Wikipedia More Readable: What Comes Next] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/32|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W32"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 03:41, 5 Kanama 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29083927 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-33</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W33"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/33|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The WikiEditor toolbar now includes [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:WikiEditor#Keyboard shortcuts|its keyboard shortcuts]] in the tooltips for its buttons. This will help to improve the discoverability of this feature. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400583] * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product and Technology Advisory Council]] published a set of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/August 2025 draft PTAC proposals for feedback|proposed experiments]] the Wikimedia Foundation can try to improve communication with community. Feedback on the proposals are welcomed until August 22 on [[m:Talk:Product and Technology Advisory Council/August 2025 draft PTAC proposals for feedback|this talk page]]. * The search bar on the Minerva skin (mobile) has been updated to use the same type-ahead search component that is used on the Vector 2022 skin. There are no changes in search functionality but there are minor visual changes. Specifically, the close-search button has been changed from an "X" to a back arrow. This helps to distinguish it from the other "X" button that is used to clear any text. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T393944] * Editors on some wikis will see a new toggle for "Group results by page" on watchlist, related changes, and recent changes pages. This is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Watchlist/Experiment|an A/B experiment]] that is planned to start on August 11, and will run for 3–6 weeks on the Bengali, Chinese, Czech, French, Greek, Portuguese, and Urdu Wikipedias. The experiment will examine how making this feature more discoverable might affect editors' ability to find the edits they are looking for. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T396789] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The multiwiki datasets of [[:wikt:en:Module:Unicode data|Unicode data]] have been moved to [[c:Category:Unicode Module Datasets|Category:Unicode Module Datasets]] on Wikimedia Commons, to follow the idea of "One common data source, multiple local wikis". Most wikis have been updated to use the Commons version. You can ask questions at [[c:Category talk:Unicode Module Datasets|the talkpage]]. [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Module_talk:Unicode_data#Data_from_commons] * Lua code can add warnings when something is wrong, by using the <code dir=ltr>mw.addWarning()</code> function. It is now possible to add more than one warning, instead of new warnings replacing old ones. If you maintain a Lua module that used warnings, you should check it still works as expected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398390] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.14|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/33|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W33"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:30, 11 Kanama 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29106516 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-34</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W34"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/34|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Later this week, people who are logged-in and have the "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Feature summary|Discussion tools]]" [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Beta Feature]] enabled will gain the ability to "Thank" individual comments directly from talk pages, rather than needing to navigate to page history. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Feature summary#Comment actions|Learn more about this feature]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400849] * An A/B test comparing two versions of the desktop donate link launched on testwiki on 12 August and on English Wikipedia 14 August for 0.1% of logged out users on the desktop site. The experiment will run for three weeks, ending on 12 September. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395716] * An A/A test to measure the baseline for reader retention was launched 12 August using [[wikitech:Experimentation Lab|Experimentation Lab]]. This measures the percentage of users who revisit a wiki after their initial visit over a 14-day period. No visual changes are expected. The experiment will run through 31 August. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399227] * Five new wikis have been created: ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource/en}} in [[d:Q34057|Tagalog]] ([[s:tl:|<code>s:tl:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T388639] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource/en}} in [[d:Q36213|Madurese]] ([[s:mad:|<code>s:mad:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391747] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia/en}} in [[d:Q3450749|Rakhine]] ([[w:rki:|<code>w:rki:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T392490] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikibooks/en}} in [[d:Q13324|Minangkabau]] ([[b:min:|<code>b:min:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395452] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wiktionary/en}} in [[d:Q7598268|Standard Moroccan Amazigh]] ([[wikt:zgh:|<code>wikt:zgh:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399684] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:46}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:46|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.15|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/34|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W34"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:39, 19 Kanama 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29127690 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-35</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W35"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/35|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Template authors can now use additional CSS properties, since the CSS sanitizer used by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateStyles|TemplateStyles]] was updated. For example: <code>width: fit-content</code>; <code>ruby-align</code>; relative units such as <code>lh</code>; and custom strings in <code>list-style-type</code>. These improvements are a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Wishes/Allow use of modern CSS in templates by updating the TemplateStyles CSS sanitizer|Community Wishlist wish]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T271958][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T277755][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T293633][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T295088][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326906][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T340057][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T360725][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T371809][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375344][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T394619] * On large wikis, the default time period to display edits from, within the Special:RecentChanges page, has been changed from 7 days to 1 day. This is part of a performance improvement project. This should have no user-facing impact due to the quantity of edits on these wikis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399455] * Administrators can now access the [[{{#special:BlockedExternalDomains}}]] page from the [[{{#special:CommunityConfiguration}}]] list page. This makes it easier to find. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T393240] * Wikimedia Commons videos were not shown in the Videos tab in Google Search. The problem was investigated and reported to Google who have now fixed the issue. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T396168][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Community_Wishlist/Wishes/Do_something_about_Google_%26_DuckDuckGo_search_not_indexing_media_files_and_categories_on_Commons] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wiktionary/en}} in [[d:Q33014|Betawi]] ([[wikt:bew:|<code>wikt:bew:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402130] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:39}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:39|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Two fields of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Recentchanges table|recentchanges database table]] are being removed. <code>rc_new</code> and <code>rc_type</code> are being removed in favor of <code>rc_source</code>. Queries to these older fields will start to fail starting this week and developers should use <code>rc_source</code> instead. These older fields were deprecated over 10 years ago and should not be in use. This is part of work to improve the performance and stability of queries to the recentchanges table. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400696] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.16|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/July|Language and Internationalization Newsletter]] is now available. This edition includes: support for new languages in MediaWiki and translatewiki; the start of the Language Onboarding and Development project to help support the growth of new and small wikis; updates on research projects; and more. '''Meetings and events''' * The next [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Community meetings#29 August 2025|Language Community Meeting]] is happening soon, August 29th at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1756479600 15:00 UTC]. This week's meeting will cover: the Avro keyboard developers from Wikimedia Bangladesh, who were recently awarded a national award for their contributions to this keyboard; and other topics. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/35|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W35"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:13, 26 Kanama 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29175124 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-36</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W36"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/36|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Editing team wants to compile a list of templates, jargon terms, and policies used in edit summaries when a copyright violation is removed. This will help them identify the number of edits reverted due to copyright issues. We invite community members from the following Wikis to list these terms in [[Phab:T402601|T402601]], or to share their list with [[User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek_(WMF)]]: {{int:project-localized-name-arwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-dewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-enwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-eswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-frwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-idwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-itwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-jawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-plwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ptwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ukwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-viwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-zhwiki/en}}. This project is open until September 9th 2025. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] has been enabled for all Wikisources. The extension makes it easier to organize and participate in collaborative activities, like edit-a-thons and WikiProjects, on the wikis. The extension has three features: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaboration list|Collaboration List]], and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Connection Team/Invitation list|Invitation List]]. To request the extension for your wiki, visit the Deployment information page. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/CampaignEvents/Deployment_status#How_to_Request_the_CampaignEvents_Extension_for_your_wiki] * The lists in the footer of the editing interface, such as "Templates used on this page," will now be organized into columns when there is enough space. This enhancement minimizes scrolling when editing lengthy articles on Wikipedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401066] * On September 3rd, 2025 we will increase the sampling percentages of our [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Watchlist/Experiment#Scope of the experiment|group by toggle experiment]] of the <code>Special:RecentChanges</code>, <code>Special:Watchlist</code>, and <code>Special:RelatedChanges</code> pages on the Chinese, French, and Portuguese Wikipedias to 100 percent, allowing more editors to be part of this experiment. This adjustment is intended to ensure we have sufficient data to make informed decisions when evaluating the experiment results. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402958][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T396789] * Upon clicking an empty search bar, logged-out users will see suggestions of articles for further reading on English Wikipedia beginning the week of September 22. The feature will be available on both desktop and mobile. All non-English wikis received this change in June and July. The goal is to make it easier for users to find articles. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Content Discovery Experiments/Search Suggestions|Learn more]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:37}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:37|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.17|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * Wikifunctions now has a new capability called "lightweight enumeration types", an enumeration type is simply a fixed set of values that's in the type's definition. This capability makes it quick and easy to define such a type, and allows for the reuse of values that are already present in Wikidata. Here is [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-07-19|a newsletter]] to learn more. * The latest [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Newsletter updates#August 2025: Newsletter #1|Readers Newsletter]] is now available. This edition includes: the formation of two new teams — Reader Growth and Reader Experience; insights into declining pageviews and account creations; highlights from the Wikimania Nairobi panel on improving the reading experience; upcoming experiments to engage new and existing readers; and more. '''Meetings and events''' * Spotlight on some Wikimania 2025 Sessions: ** Identifying AI-generated text by searching for ISBNs whose checksums fail: Mathias Schindler of WMDE [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dw9o8Lsl974&t=15910s shared tools to help communities search for these]. ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/TCHZKH/ La durabilité du mouvement Wikimedia face aux défis actuels et futurs]: This session explored how Wikimedia can stay a trusted source of knowledge in the age of generative AI, information overload, and disinformation. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/36|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W36"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:51, 1 Nzeri 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29196010 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-37</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W37"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/37|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Editing team is working on a new check: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Paste check|Paste check]]. This check informs newcomers who paste text into Wikipedia that the content might not be accepted. This check is an effort to increase the likelihood that the new content people are adding to Wikipedia is aligned with the Movement's commitment to offering information under a free content license. This check will soon be tested at a few wikis. If your community is interested in this test, please [[phab:T403680|tell us in this task]], or [[mw:Talk:Edit check|contact the team]]. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Later this week, users of the "{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}" [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]] will be able to use a [[w:en:Lint (software)|linting tool]] to see errors or other potential problems in wikitext in real time. See the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Linting|help page for more information]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381577] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] When browsing a wiki (like <code dir=ltr>en.wikipedia.org</code>), the software responds in one of two ways: a desktop page, or a redirect to a mobile version on an "m" domain (like <code dir=ltr>en.m.wikipedia.org</code>). Over the next three weeks, MediaWiki will start displaying the mobile version to mobile devices directly on the standard domain, without this redirect. This change does not affect existing m-dot URLs, or the "Desktop view" opt-out. [[mw:Requests for comment/Mobile domain sunsetting/2025 Announcement|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T214998] * When an edit changes the categories of a page, the changes to the category membership counts are now happening asynchronously. This improves the speed of saving edits, especially when moving many pages to or from the same category, and reduces the risk of site outages, but it means that the counts can show outdated information for a few minutes. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T365303] * Edits on Wikidata to qualifiers (properties and values) and references (properties and values) in a Wikidata item statement will now not add entries to the RecentChanges or Watchlist pages on all other Wikis. This is a temporary change to improve performance while other solutions are created. Wikidata's own pages remain unchanged. [[m:Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects/Reduce change propagation noise#Phase 1: Turn off (temporarily) Qualifiers and References Wikidata edits to the Recent Changes tables|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401286][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400698] * Japanese-language wikis have had a major upgrade to the way that search works. The new search should generally give more accurate and more relevant search results. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T318269] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.18|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/37|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W37"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:15, 9 Nzeri 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29238161 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-38</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W38"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/38|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * References lists that are made using the <code dir=ltr><nowiki><references/></nowiki></code> [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Cite#references-tag|tag]] will now automatically display with columns in Vector 2022 when readers are using its 'standard' settings for text-size and page-width. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334941] * Starting in the week of October 6, on [[git:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/small.dblist|small wikis]] and [[git:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/medium.dblist|medium wikis]] that have the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] enabled, all autoconfirmed users will be able to use [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]] as an organizer. No changes will be made for [[git:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/large.dblist|large wikis]] unless requested in Phabricator. This change is being made to make it easier for more people to use Event Registration, especially on wikis that are less likely to have policies related to the Event Organizer right. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Proposal to grant autoconfirmed users on small and medium wikis the organizer access to the event registration tool|Learn more]]. * Users that search using regular expressions (regex) can now use additional features including: ** for the <code dir=ltr>intitle:</code> keyword: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#Metacharacters|metacharacters]] for start-of-line (<code dir=ltr>^</code>) and end-of-line (<code dir=ltr>$</code>) anchors [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T317599] ** for both <code dir=ltr>intitle:</code> and <code dir=ltr>insource:</code> keywords: shorthand [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#Character_Classes|character classes]] for digits (<code dir=ltr>\d</code>), whitespace (<code dir=ltr>\s</code>), and word characters (<code dir=ltr>\w</code>); and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#Escape codes|escape codes]] for line feed (<code dir=ltr>\r</code>), newline (<code dir=ltr>\n</code>), tab (<code dir=ltr>\t</code>), and unicode (e.g. <code dir=ltr>\uHHHH</code>). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T403212] * When you search for text that looks like an IP, the system will now show search results. It used to take you to the contributions for that IP instead of showing search results. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T306325] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|All wikis will be read-only]] for a few minutes on September 24. This is planned at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1758726000 15:00 UTC]. This is for the datacenter server switchover backup tests which happen twice a year. You can [[diffblog:2025/03/12/hear-that-the-wikis-go-silent-twice-a-year/|read more about the background and details of this process on the Diff blog]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:24}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:24|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed that affected users who used the page-tabs to switch from wikitext editing of a section into the visualeditor. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401043] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The MediaWiki Interfaces team is redesigning the Wikimedia REST API Sandbox with Codex. If you have feedback on improvements for the API documentation or what makes developer experiences smooth (or frustrating), you’re invited to [https://calendar.google.com/calendar/u/0/appointments/schedules/AcZssZ2aZzbXeQvjOF7gB1fJXiwAYemQjKf4sXNaRODPA7_obFyNBwkzNkoVCoTF-aeov89kIjXHbCQm join an upcoming discovery interview], or [[mw:MediaWiki Interfaces Team/Developer Feedback/Wikimedia Web APIs|leave feedback onwiki]]. [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/C4FBAOA57PH6G5ORVMAUF5TGYBLZDU5Q/|Learn more]]. * Edits to Wikidata aliases (an alternative name for an item or a property) will now be shown in RecentChanges and Watchlist entries on other wikis less often, reducing unnecessary notifications. This will reduce the overall quantity of 'noisy' entries. Wikidata's own pages remain unchanged. [[m:Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects/Reduce change propagation noise#Phase 1: More granular Alias tracking|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401288] * The new [https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode17.0.0/ Unicode 17.0] version has been released. The [[:c:Category:Unicode Module Datasets|datasets on Commons]] for the [[:d:Q39301585|Module:Unicode data]] have been updated. Wikipedias that do not use the Commons datasets should either update their own data or switch to the Commons datasets. * Users of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise|Wikimedia Enterprise]] Structured Contents endpoints can now access [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/parsed-wikipedia-tables/ Parsed Tables]. The new Parsed Tables feature extracts and represents Wikipedia tables in structured JSON. This improves machine accessibility as part of the [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/api/structured-contents/ Structured Contents initiative]. Structured Contents output is freely available through the [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/docs/on-demand/#article-structured-contents-beta On-demand API], or through Wikimedia Cloud Services. * A [https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/wikimedia-foundation/english-wikipedia-people-dataset dataset of English Wikipedia biographical information] from [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise|Wikimedia Enterprise]] has been published on Kaggle, for evaluation and research. This provides structured data from more than 1.5 million biographies, including birth and death dates, education, affiliations, careers, awards, and more (from a June 2024 snapshot). * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.19|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2026:Scholarships|Scholarship applications]] for Wikimania 2026 in Paris, France, are open until October 31. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/38|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W38"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:08, 15 Nzeri 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29263921 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-39</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W39"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/39|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1758726000 On September 24th at 15:00 UTC], all Wikimedia sites users will experience a brief read-only period due to a scheduled [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|datacenter server switchover]]. The Wikimedia Foundation's Site Reliability Engineering (SRE) team will redirect all traffic from one primary server to its backup. You can listen to the switchover using the [http://listen.hatnote.com/ "Listen to Wikipedia"] tool, where you will hear edits stop for a few minutes during the read-only phase, then resume. This twice-yearly datacenter server switchover ensures reliability by testing the backup datacenter, so that our sites can stay online even if the primary datacenter fails. You can [[diffblog:2025/03/12/hear-that-the-wikis-go-silent-twice-a-year/|read more about the process on the Diff blog]]. '''Updates for editors''' * Editors of [[f:Special:Mylanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-09-12#Next round of Wiktionaries to receive embedded Wikifunctions calls|60 more Wiktionaries]] will soon be able to call [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Introduction|functions from Wikifunctions]] and integrate them into their pages. A function takes one or more inputs and transforms them into a desired output, like adding numbers, converting miles to meters, calculating elapsed time, or declining a word into a case. They will join the other [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-08-29#Wikifunctions available on 65 Wiktionaries|65 Wiktionary language editions]], which already have access to embedded Wikifunctions calls. Later this year, plans are in place to expand to more Wiktionaries and the Incubator. * A new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#Technical metadata of another page|parser function]] has been added: <code><nowiki>{{#contentmodel}}</nowiki></code>. Template editors and admins can use it to get the localized or canonical name of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:ChangeContentModel|content model]] of a specific page. The function makes it easier to create and edit system messages, such as ''MediaWiki:editinginterface'', even when you switch types of pages, like wiki, JavaScript, CSS or JSON page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328254] * Adding or editing a <code>DISPLAYTITLE</code> for an article using VisualEditor will no longer be broken. Editors who use VisualEditor mode to modify the <code><nowiki>{{DISPLAYTITLE}}</nowiki></code> would no longer have the literal text "DISPLAYTITLE" or its localized variant added to their articles. A list of pages that may have been affected and might need cleanup is documented in [[phab:P83438|this ticket]]. * Beta users of the Wikipedia Android app can now try the redesigned [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/Activity Tab Experiment|Activity tab]], which replaces the Edits tab. The new tab offers personalized insights into reading, editing, and donation activity, while simplifying navigation and making app use more engaging. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:12}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:12|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.20|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * Wikifunctions users can now import many essential facts involving [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Z6011|geo-coordinates]], [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Z6010|quantities]] and [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Z6064|time]] values from Wikidata. This is made possible by the creation of Wikifunctions types for these values, which makes them available for use by functions in Wikifunctions. Learn more about how this works in [[c:File:ImportingWikidataDatatypesIntoWikifunctions.webm|this video]] and Wikifunctions' [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-08-01#News in Types I: Wikidata quantity|August 1 newsletter]] (for quantities) and [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-08-22#News in Types: Wikidata geo-coordinate|August 22 newsletter]] (for geo-coordinates). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/39|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W39"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:56, 22 Nzeri 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29305556 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-40</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W40"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/40|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * A major software upgrade has been made to [[phab:|Phabricator]]. The update introduces performance improvements, a refreshed search interface, enhancements to Maniphest task search, updates to user profile pages and project workboards, new Herald automation features, as well as general text input, mobile experience improvements and more. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/phame/post/view/321/iterative_improvements_september_2025/] '''Updates for editors''' * The Community Tech team will release the new Community Wishlist extension on October 1, that will improve the way wishes will be submitted. The new extension will allow users to add tags to their wishes to better categorise them, and (in a future iteration) to filter them by status, tags and focus areas. It will also be possible to support individual wishes again, as requested by the community in many instances. The old system will be retired. There will be a brief period of downtime while the extension is deployed and wishes are migrated to the new system. You can read more about this [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates|in the latest update]] or you can consult the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CommunityRequests|current documentation on MediaWiki]]. * As announced [[diffblog:2025/09/02/better-detecting-bots-and-replacing-our-captcha/|on Diff blog]], the production trial of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Anti-abuse signals/hCaptcha|hCaptcha]] service for bot detection has begun. The trial is currently using hCaptcha to protect account creation on Chinese, Persian, Portuguese, Indonesian, Japanese, and Turkish Wikipedias, where it will replace our existing [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:ConfirmEdit#FancyCaptcha|CAPTCHA]] (FancyCaptcha). The goal with the trial is to better block bots while also improving usability and accessibility for users who encounter CAPTCHA challenges. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents]] extension has been [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status|deployed]] to Wikimedia Commons. The extension makes it easier to organize and participate in collaborative activities, like edit-a-thons and WikiProjects, on the wikis. On Commons, anyone who is a registered user can use it as an event participant. To use it as an organizer, someone needs to have the [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Event organizers|event organizer right]]. * [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]], a new feature to re-use references with different details has been released to German Wikipedia. You can [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#test|test the feature]] on testwiki or [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmcloud.org/wiki/Sub-referencing on betawiki] as well. Please share your thoughts on [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Templates used in sub-references|using templates in sub-references]] or [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Pilot wikis|volunteer to become a pilot wiki]]. * On wikis using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Mentorship|Mentorship]] system, communities can now opt experienced editors out of Mentorship through [[{{#special:CommunityConfiguration/Mentorship}}]]. Within this setting, communities may define thresholds, based on edit count and account age, to decide when an editor is considered experienced enough to no longer receive Mentorship. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T403563] * The Editing Team and the Machine Learning Team are working on a new check for newcomers: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Tone Check|Tone check]]. Using a prediction model, this check will encourage editors to improve the tone of their edits, using artificial intelligence. We invite volunteers to review the first version of the Tone language model for the following languages: Arabic, Czech, German, Hebrew, Indonesian, Dutch, Polish, Russian, Turkish, Chinese, Farsi, Italian, Norwegian, Romanian and Latvian. Users from these wikis interested in reviewing this model are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit_check/Tone_Check/Model_evaluation|invited to sign up at MediaWiki.org]]. The deadline to sign up is on October 3, which will be the start date of the test. * The rollout of [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Manage blocks|multiblocks]] had the side effect that non-active block logs may have been shown on {{#special:Contributions}} and on blocked users' user and user_talk pages. This issue will be fully resolved in a few days. As part of the fix, [{{fullurl:Special:Allmessages|prefix=sp-contributions-blocked-notice}} messages prefixed with <code>sp-contributions-blocked-notice</code>] will be removed and replaced with [{{fullurl:Special:Allmessages|prefix=blocked-notice-logextract}} those prefixed with <code>blocked-notice-logextract</code>] in a few weeks. Please help translate the new messages and update any local overrides if needed. * There was a bug with links added using visual editor if they included characters such as <code dir=ltr><nowiki>[ ] |</nowiki></code> after the fragment identifier (<code><nowiki>#</nowiki></code>). They were not encoded properly creating an incorrect link. This has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T404823] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikiquote/en}} in [[d:Q9237|Malay]] ([[q:ms:|<code>q:ms:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T404698] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Anti-abuse signals/User Info|User Info Card]] now displays currently active global lock/blocks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401128] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Later this week, editors using Lua modules will be able to use the <code>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#mw.title.newBatch|mw.title.newBatch]]</code> function to look up the existence of up to 25 pages at once, in a way that only increases the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Parser functions#Expensive parser functions|expensive function]] count once. * A new [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group|Unsupported Tools Working Group]] has been formed as part of ongoing efforts to collectively determine technical work priorities, similar to the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product & Technology Advisory Council]] (PTAC). The working group will help prioritize and review requests for support of unmaintained extensions, gadgets, bots, and tools. For the first cycle, the group will be prioritizing an unsupported Wikimedia Commons tool. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.21|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/40|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W40"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:53, 29 Nzeri 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29355230 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-41</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W41"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/41|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#paste|Paste Check]] is a new Edit Check feature to help avoid and fight copyright violations. When editors paste text into an article, Paste Check prompts them to confirm the origin and licensing of the content. Starting Wednesday, 8 October, [[phab:T403680|22 wikis will test Paste Check]]. Paste Check will help new volunteers understand and follow the policies and guidelines necessary to make constructive contributions to Wikipedia projects. '''Updates for editors''' * Mobile devices will receive mobile articles directly on the standard domain (like <code>en.wikipedia.org</code>), instead of via a redirect to an "m" domain (like <code>en.m.wikipedia.org</code>). This change improves performance. This week it will be enabled on Wikipedias. The existing mobile URLs and the "Desktop view" opt-out remain available. [[mw:Requests for comment/Mobile domain sunsetting/2025 Announcement|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T214998] * New [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#creationdate and lasteditdate|date filters]], <code dir=ltr>creationdate:</code> and <code dir=ltr>lasteditdate:</code>, are now available in the wiki search engine. This allows users to filter search results by a page's first or last revision date. The filters support comparison operators (e.g. <code dir=ltr>>2024</code>) and relative dates (e.g. <code dir=ltr>today-1d</code>), making it easier to find recently updated content or pages within specific age ranges. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T403593] * [[f:|Wikifunctions]] now supports rich text in embedded calls across the 150 wikis where it's enabled. To showcase this, the team created a [[f:Z26333|Latin declination table]] that Wiktionary editors can use to automatically generate noun forms, producing clear, formatted results — see an [[f:Wikifunctions:Embedded function calls/Wiktionary tables demonstration|example output]]. If you need any help or have any feedback, please [[f:Wikifunctions:Project chat|contact the Wikifunctions Team]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T397402] * An edit link will now appear inside the categories box on article pages for logged in users, which will directly launch the VisualEditor category dialog. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T291691] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:34}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:34|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, there was a problem downloading pdf files last week and that has been resolved. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T405957] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The field <code dir=ltr>rev_sha1</code> in the revision database table is being removed in favor of <code dir=ltr>content_sha1</code> in the content database table. See [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/cloud@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/2D2M3SP4WHR6BXXKTZ2PBLZQYR3EGQVR/ the announcement] for more information. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web|Reader Experience team]] will roll out [[w:en:Light-on-dark color scheme|Dark Mode]] user interface on all Wikimedia sites on October 29, 2025. All anonymous users of Wikimedia sites will have the option to activate a color scheme that features light-colored text on a dark background. This is designed to provide a more comfortable reading experience, especially in low-light situations. Template authors and technical contributors are encouraged to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading/Updates/2024-04|learn how to make pages ready for Dark mode]] and address any compatibility issues found in templates in their wiki before the enablement. Please contact the Web team for questions or any support on [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading#|this talk page]] before the enablement. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395628] * Starting on Monday, October 6, API endpoints under the <code>rest.php</code> path will be rerouted through a new internal API Gateway. Individual wikis will be updated based on the standard release groups, with total traffic increased over time. This change is expected to be non-breaking and non-disruptive. If any issues are observed, please file a Phabricator ticket to the [[phab:tag/serviceops/|Service Ops team board]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400130] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.22|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/41|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W41"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:24, 6 Ukwakira 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29400897 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-42</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W42"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/42|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Last week, improvements to account security and two-factor authentication (2FA) features were enabled across all wikis. These changes include user interface improvements for [https://auth.wikimedia.org/metawiki/wiki/Special:AccountSecurity Special:AccountSecurity], the support of multiple 2FA methods via authenticator apps and portable security keys (previously users could only enable one method), and a new Recovery Codes module which facilitates fewer account lockouts due to lost two-factor apps and devices. As part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Account Security]] project, work is continuing through the rest of 2025 on further user experience improvements, and support for passkeys as an alternate second factor. '''Updates for editors''' * Another part of the Account security project is making 2FA generally available to all users. Along with editors with advanced privileges, such as administrators and bureaucrats, 40% of editors now have access to 2FA. You can check if you have access at [https://auth.wikimedia.org/metawiki/wiki/Special:AccountSecurity Special:AccountSecurity]. Instructions for activation are on the linked page. The plan is to continue increasing availability if it is determined that the user support capabilities are able to support global usage. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400579] * This week, users at wikis where talk page [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability|Usability Improvements]] are already available by default (everywhere ''except'' the 12 wikis listed in [[phab:T379264|T379264]]) will gain the ability to Thank a comment directly from the talk page it appears on. Before this change, Thanking could only be done by visiting the revision history of the talk page. You can [[diffblog:2025/10/13/revolutionizing-gratitude-a-new-era-of-thanking-comments/|learn more about this change]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366095] * Users who have not [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-personal-email|verified their email address]] will soon be receiving monthly Notification reminders to do so. This is because users who have verified their email can more easily recover their account. These reminders will not be sent if the user is inactive or removes the unverified email from their account. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Email_confirmation][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T58074] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a fix was made for an occasional error with saving translated paragraphs in the Content Translation tool, and the related error messages are now easier to see. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T376531] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The Unsupported Tools Working Group has chosen [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Video2commons|Video2Commons]] as the first tool for its pilot cycle. The group will explore ways to improve and sustain the tool over the coming months. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group|Learn more on Meta]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.23|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/42|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W42"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:00, 13 Ukwakira 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29434481 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-43</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W43"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/43|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * To optimize how user data is stored in our databases, the saved preferences of users who haven't logged in for over five years and have fewer than 100 edits will be cleared. When those users return, default settings will apply. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406724] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, there was a broken link from the GlobalContributions interface message to the XTools GlobalContributions page which has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406415] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The work to reroute all traffic to API endpoints under the <code dir=ltr><nowiki>rest.php</nowiki></code> route through a common API gateway is now complete. If any issues are observed, please file a phabricator ticket to the [[phab:tag/serviceops/|Service Ops team board]]. * Edits to Wikidata references or qualifiers will now be shown in RecentChanges and Watchlist entries on other wikis less often, reducing unnecessary notifications. This will reduce the overall quantity of 'noisy' entries. Wikidata's own pages remain unchanged. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401290] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.24|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/43|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W43"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:37, 20 Ukwakira 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29478670 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-44</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W44"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/44|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The Wikipedia iOS app has launched an A/B/C test of improvements made to the tabbed browsing feature for select regions and languages. The test, named “More dynamic tabs”, explores new tab experiences and includes “Did you know” and “Because you read” article recommendations. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Tabbed Browsing (Tabs)/New Tab Experience and Recommendations Experiment|read more on the project page]]. * Autoconfirmed users on [[git:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/small.dblist|small]] and [[git:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/medium.dblist|medium wikis]] with the CampaignEvents extension can now use [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]] without the Event Organizer right. This feature lets organizers enable registration, manage participants, and lets users register with one click instead of signing event pages. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue of flashing colors when holding or pressing the arrow keys under the dark mode settings in Vector 2022 has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402285] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The CampaignEvents extension will be deployed to all remaining wikis during the week of 17 November 2025. The extension currently includes three features: Event Registration, Collaboration List, and Invitation List. For this rollout, Invitation List will not be enabled on Wikifunctions and MediaWiki unless requested by those communities. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status|Visit the deployment page to learn more]]. * The SwaggerUI-based REST sandbox experience is now live on all wiki projects. The sandbox can be accessed through the [[{{#special:RestSandbox}}]] page. Please report any issues to the MediaWiki Interfaces team board, or join the discussion on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Interfaces Team/Feature Feedback/REST Sandbox|project launch]] page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/6931/] * Transform endpoints with a trailing slash path in the MediaWiki REST API are now marked as deprecated. They will remain functional during this time, but removal is expected by the end of January 2026. All API users currently calling them are encouraged to transition to the non-trailing slash versions. Both endpoint variations can be found and tested using the [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?api=mw-extra&title=Special%3ARestSandbox REST Sandbox]. See the [[mw:API/Deprecation|MediaWiki REST API Deprecation]] page for more detailed information about the API deprecation policies and procedures. * A dedicated [[mw:API:REST API/Changelog|changelog now exists for the MediaWiki REST API]]. The changelog provides an overview of these changes, making it easier for developers to keep track of improvements and iterations. Announcements will also continue to flow through the standard communication channels, including Tech News and email distribution lists, but can now be more easily referenced from a central location. If you have feedback about the style, structure, or content of this changelog, please [[mw:API talk:REST API/Changelog|join the discussion]]. * Administrators can delete the tracking category which was previously added by the JsonConfig extension, as it is no longer used. See the categories linked from [[d:Q130635582#sitelinks-wikipedia|Q130635582]]. It is OK if there are still pages listed in the category as that is just a caching issue, and they will be automatically cleared out the next time each page is edited. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378352] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.25|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/44|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W44"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:32, 27 Ukwakira 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29513638 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-45</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W45"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/45|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Administrators will now find that [[{{#special:MergeHistory}}]] is now significantly more flexible about what it can merge. It can now merge sections taken from the middle of the history of the source (rather than only the start) and insert revisions anywhere in the history of the destination page (rather than only the start). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382958] * For users with "{{int:discussiontools-preference-autotopicsub}}" [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|enabled in their preferences]], starting a new topic or adding a reply to an existing topic will now subscribe them to replies to that topic. Previously, this would only happen if the DiscussionTools "{{int:Skin-action-addsection}}" or "{{int:Discussiontools-replybutton}}" widgets were used. When DiscussionTools was originally launched existing accounts were not opted in to automatic topic subscriptions, so this change should primarily affect newer accounts and users who have deliberately changed their preferences since that time. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T290778] * Scribunto modules can now be used to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#SVG library|generate SVG images]]. This can be used to build charts, graphics and other visualizations dynamically through Lua, reducing the need to compose them externally and upload them as files. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T405861] * Wikimedia sites now provide all anonymous users with the option to enable a dark mode color scheme, featuring light-colored text on a dark background. This enhancement aims to deliver a more enjoyable reading experience, especially in dimly lit environments. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395628] * Users with large watchlists have long faced timeouts when editing [[Special:EditWatchlist|Special:EditWatchlist]]. The page now loads entries in smaller sections instead of all at once due to a paging update, allowing everyone to edit their watchlists smoothly. As part of the database update, sorting by expiry has been removed because it was over 100× slower than sorting by title. A [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Community_Wishlist/W454 community wish] has been created to explore alternative ways to restore sort-by-expiry. If this feature is important to you, please support the wish! [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T41510] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the fixing of the persisting highlighting when using VisualEditor find and replace during a query. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T407318] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Since 2019 the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia URL Shortener|Wikimedia URL Shortener]] at https://w.wiki is available for all Wikimedia wikis to create short links to articles, permalinks, diffs, etc. It is available in the sidebar as "Get shortened URL". There are 30 wikis that also install an older "ShortUrl" extension. The old extension will soon be removed. This means <code>/s/</code> URLs will not be advertised under article titles via HTML <code dir=ltr>class="title-shortlink"</code>. The <code>/s/</code> URLs will keep working. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T107188] * On Thursday, October 30, the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Interfaces Team|MediaWiki Interfaces]] and [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Site Reliability Engineering|SRE Service Operations]] teams began rerouting Action API traffic through a common API gateway. Individual wikis will be updated based on the standard release groups, with total traffic increased over time. This change is expected to be non-breaking and non-disruptive. If any issues are observed, please file a Phabricator ticket to the [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/tag/serviceops/ Service Ops team] board. * MediaWiki Train deployments will pause for the final two weeks of 2025: 22 December and 29 December. Backport windows will also pause between Monday, 22 December 2025 and Thursday, 2 January 2026. A backport window is a scheduled time to add things like bug fixes and configuration changes. There are seven deployment trains remaining for 2025. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/SMWTEAES4SDLDUSK4HMWNBSKNCXZAWYN/] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.26|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * In 2025, the Wikimedia Foundation reported that AI systems and search engines increasingly use Wikipedia content without driving users to the site, contributing to an 8% drop in human pageviews compared to 2024. After detecting bots disguised as humans, Wikimedia updated its traffic data to reflect this shift. Read more about current user trends on Wikipedia in [[diffblog:2025/10/17/new-user-trends-on-wikipedia/|a Diff blog post]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/45|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W45"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:35, 3 Ugushyingo 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29552512 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-46</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W46"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/46|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' [[File:Talk pages default look (April 2023).jpg|thumb|alt=Screenshot of the visual improvements made on talk pages|Example of a talk page with the new design, in French.]] * Starting November 12, users will see a change in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Feature summary#Usability improvements|appearance of talk pages]] on [[Phab:T379264|some Wikipedias]]. Almost [[phab:T392121|all wikis]] have received this design change; [[phab:T409297|English Wikipedia]] will get these changes later. You can read more [[diffblog:2024/05/02/making-talk-pages-better-for-everyone/|on ''Diff'']]. Users can opt out of these changes [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|in their user preferences]] in "{{int:discussiontools-preference-visualenhancements}}". [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379264] * MediaWiki can now display a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Protection indicators|page indicator]] automatically while a page is protected. This feature is disabled by default. It can be enabled by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Requesting wiki configuration changes|community request]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T12347] * Using the "{{int:showpreview}}" or "{{int:showdiff}}" buttons in the wikitext editor will now carry over certain URL parameters like '[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Parameters to index.php#useskin|useskin]]', '[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Parameters to index.php#uselang|uselang]]' and '[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Section#Editing sections|section]]'. This update also fixes an issue where, if the browser crashed while previewing an edit to a single section, saving this edit could overwrite the entire page with just that section’s content. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T62744][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T24029][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T155097] * Wikivoyage wikis can use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer#Markers and counters|colored map markers in the article text]]. The text of these markers will now be shown in contrasting black or white color, instead of always being white. Local workarounds for the problem can be removed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T369454] * The Activity tab in the Wikipedia Android app is now available for all users. The new tab offers personalized insights into reading, editing, and donation activity, while simplifying navigation and making app use more engaging. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/Android/Activity_Tab_Experiment] * The Reader Growth team is launching an experiment called "Image browsing" to test how to make it easier for readers to browse and discover images on Wikipedia articles. This experiment, a mobile-only A/B test, will go live on English Wikipedia in the week of November 17 and will run for four weeks, affecting 0.05% of users on English wiki. The test launched on November 3 on Arabic, Chinese, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese wikis, affecting up to 10% of users on those wikis. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Readers/Reader_Growth/WE3.1.3_Image_Browsing] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example the inability to lock accounts on mobile sites has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T256185] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[wikitech:Help talk:Toolforge/Toolforge standards committee#November 2025 committee nominations|Nominations are open on Wikitech]] for new [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Toolforge standards committee|Toolforge standards committee]] members. The committee oversees the Toolforge [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Right to fork policy|Right to fork policy]] and [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Abandoned tool policy|Abandoned tool policy]] among other duties. Nominations will remain open through 2025-11-28. * The [[w:JSON Web Token#Standard fields|JWT issuer field]] in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/For Developers#OAuth 2|OAuth 2 access tokens]] for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Unified login|SUL wikis]] has been changed to <code><nowiki>https://meta.wikimedia.org</nowiki></code>. Old access tokens will still work. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399199] * The [[w:JSON Web Token#Standard fields|JWT subject field]] in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/For Developers#OAuth 2|OAuth 2 access tokens]] will soon change from <code><user id></code> to <code dir=ltr style="white-space:nowrap">mw:<identity type>:<user id></code>, where <code><identity type></code> is typically <code dir=ltr>CentralAuth:</code><!-- not a typo --> (for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Unified login|SUL wikis]]) or <code dir=ltr style="white-space:nowrap">local:<wiki id></code> (for other wikis). This is to avoid conflicts between different user ID types, and to make OAuth 2 access tokens and the <code>sessionJwt</code> cookie more similar. Old access tokens will still work. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399199] * MediaWiki's block messages ([[MediaWiki:Blockedtext|blockedtext]], [[MediaWiki:Blockedtext-partial|blockedtext-partial]], [[MediaWiki:Autoblockedtext|autoblockedtext]], [[MediaWiki:Systemblockedtext|systemblockedtext]], [[MediaWiki:Blockedtext-tempuser|blockedtext-tempuser]], [[MediaWiki:Autoblockedtext-tempuser|autoblockedtext-tempuser]]) now support additional parameters indicating whether the user is blocked from editing their own user talk page <code><nowiki>$9</nowiki></code> or emailing other users <code><nowiki>$</nowiki><nowiki>10</nowiki></code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T285612] * A <code>REL1_45</code> branch for MediaWiki core and each of the extensions and skins in Wikimedia git has been created. This is the first step in the release process for MediaWiki 1.45.0, scheduled for late November 2025. If you are working on a critical bug fix or working on a new feature, you may need to take note of this change. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/ZUY7TY3Z6XPZWZVAZV63OPO5OW52Q6GE/] * The process for generating CirrusSearch dumps has been updated due to slowing performance. If you encounter any issues migrating to the replacement dumps, please contact the Search Platform Team for support. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366248][https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/3KQPOR6ACVN6OVLMLZPIBXQSWQKW4E3K/] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.2|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/46|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W46"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:38, 10 Ugushyingo 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29606150 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-47</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W47"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/47|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Reader Experience team]] is experimenting with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4_Reading lists|reading lists on mobile web]], allowing logged-in readers with no edits to save private lists of articles for later. The experiment is running on Arabic, Chinese, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese Wikipedias since the week of 10 November, and will begin on English Wikipedia the week of 17 November. * Users who can’t receive their email verification code during login can now get help by submitting a form on a new special page. This update is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Account Security]] initiative. If your account has an email address, please make sure you still have access to it. When logging in from a new device or location without 2FA, you may be asked to enter a 6-digit code sent by email to finish logging in. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security#Why are you requiring me to enter a code from my email to log in? Can I opt out of this?|Learn more]]. * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource}} in [[d:Q13324|Minangkabau]] ([[s:min:|<code>s:min:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T408317] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * As part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification|Parser Unification]] project, the Content Transform Team rolled out Parsoid as the default parser to many low-traffic Wikipedias and is preparing the next step to high traffic ones. This message is an invitation for you to opt-in to Parsoid, as described in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration|Extension:ParserMigration]] documentation, and identify any issues you might encounter with your own workflow using bots, gadgets, or user scripts. Please, let us know through the ''"Report Visual Bug"'' link in the Tools sidebar or create a phab ticket and tag the [[phab:project/view/5846|Content Transform Team in Phabricator]]. * Unsupported Tools: Several issues with [[:c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Video2commons|Video2Commons]] have been fixed, including filename-related upload failures, black-video imports, and retry handling. AV1 support has also been added. Ongoing work focuses on backend stability, ffmpeg errors, subtitle imports, metadata handling, and playlist uploads. To track specific tasks, check the [[phab:tag/video2commons/|Phabricator board]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.3|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * Save the date for the next Wikimedia Hackathon happening in Milan, Italy from May 1–3, 2026. Registration will open in January 2026. [https://pretix.eu/wikimedia/Hackathon-2026/ Scholarship applications are currently open], and will close on November 28, 2025. If you have any questions, please email <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">hackathon@wikimedia.org</bdi>. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/47|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W47"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:26, 17 Ugushyingo 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29627455 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-48</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W48"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/48|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Last week, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Search Platform|Wikimedia Search Team]] recreated the "DWIM" (Do What I Mean) gadget functionality server-side, for Russian and Hebrew Wikipedias. This feature adds cross-keyboard suggestions to the standard search-box suggestions. For example, searching for ''<span lang="und" dir="ltr">cxfcnmt</span>'' on Russian Wikipedia will now add suggestions for ''<span lang="ru" dir="ltr">счастье</span>'' ("happiness") that the user probably intended. They plan to enable this feature for other Russian and Hebrew wikis this week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T408734] * Later this week, users of the "{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}" [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]] will have syntax highlighting available in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]]. This requires that the "{{int:discussiontools-preference-sourcemodetoolbar}}" preference be set. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T407918] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|Campaign events extension]] – the set of tools for coordinating events and other on-wiki collaborations has now been deployed to all Wikimedia wikis. A new feature known as [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaborative contributions|Collaborative contribution]] to help organizers and participants see the impact of activities has also been added. Join the upcoming [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Connection learning session 3|learning session]] to see the new feature in action and share your feedback. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:24}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:24|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the bug which stopped CodeReviewBot from working, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T410417] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Users of Wikimedia API can join a usability study to help validate the new design of Wikimedia REST API sandboxes. Interested participants should fill the [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/487662 recruitment survey]. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/IREJRRWTZTGCYWQHDMSNJFTQAEPOOAE3/] * The MediaWiki Interfaces team is deprecating XSLT stylesheets within the Action API. Support for <code dir=ltr>format=xml'''&xlst={stylesheet}'''</code> will be removed from Wikimedia projects by the end of November, 2025. In addition, it will soon be disabled by default in MediaWiki release versions: v1.43 (LTS), v1.44, and v1.45. Support for XSLT stylesheets will be fully removed from MediaWiki v1.46 (expected to release between April and May 2026). [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/5AX7UWAVVUNUSBOIRHMNOKWOZ5EZI3JX/] * The WDQS legacy endpoint ([https://query-legacy-full.wikidata.org/ query-legacy-full.wikidata.org]) will be decommissioned at the end of December 2025, and finally closed down on 7th January 2026. After this date, users should expect requests to query.wikidata.org that require the full graph to fail or return invalid results if they are not rewritten to use SPARQL federation. The team encourages users to ensure that tools and workflows use the supported WDQS endpoints (<span dir=ltr><nowiki>https://query.wikidata.org/</nowiki></span> - Main graph or <span dir=ltr><nowiki>https://query-scholarly.wikidata.org/</nowiki></span> - Scholarly graph). For support with migrating use cases, please review the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Data_access|Data Access]] and [[d:Wikidata:Request_a_query|Request a Query]] pages for details and assistance on alternative access methods. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.4|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/48|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W48"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 15:57, 24 Ugushyingo 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29702226 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-49</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W49"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/49|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The Wikipedia Year in Review 2025 will be available on December 2 for users of iOS and Android Wikipedia apps, featuring new personalized insights, updated reading highlights, and refreshed designs. Learn more on the review's [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Wikipedia Year in Review/Updates|project page]]. * The Growth team is working on improving the text and presentation of the Verification Email sent to new users to make them more welcoming, useful and informative. Some new text have been drafted for A/B testing and you can help by translating them. See [[phab:T396155|Phabricator]]. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]] will now be deployed at Japanese, Urdu and Chinese Wikipedias on December 2. Add a link is based on a prediction model that suggests links to be added to articles. While this feature has already been available on most Wikipedias, the prediction model could not support certain languages. A new model has now been developed to handle these languages, and it will be gradually rolled out to other Wikipedias over time. If you would like to know more, please contact [[mw:user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:34}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:34|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where search boxes on some Commons pages showed no results due to switch from SpecialSearch to MediaSearch, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399476] * Two new wikis have been created: ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q36846|Toki Pona]] ([[w:tok:|<code>w:tok:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T404457] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikiquote}} in [[d:Q33655|Nigerian Pidgin]] ([[q:pcm:|<code>q:pcm:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T408318] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.5|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The Wikimedia Foundation is in the early stages of exploring approaches to '''Article guidance'''. The initiative aims to identify interventions that could help new editors easily understand and apply existing Wikipedia practices and policies when creating an article. The project is in the exploration and early experimental design phase. All community members are encouraged to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|learn more]] about the project, and share their thoughts on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Article guidance|the talk page]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/49|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W49"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:58, 1 Ukuboza 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29732328 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-50</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W50"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/50|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Anybody who wishes to secure their user account can now use [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two-factor authentication|two-factor authentication]] (2FA). This is available to all registered users of all Wikimedia projects. This is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Account Security]] initiative. Later, 2FA will be required for all users who can take security- or privacy-sensitive actions. '''Updates for editors''' * Following last week's deployments, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]] feature, which allows editors to add suggested links during editing, will be available to an additional [[Phab:T410469|33 Wikipedias]] starting on 9 December. This expansion is possible thanks to the new prediction model that now supports all languages, including those that were previously not covered. While the feature has been available on most Wikipedias for some time, this rollout brings us closer to using the improved model everywhere. If you have any questions or would like more details please contact [[mw:user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]]. * Last week, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Search Platform|Search Platform team]] added [[w:en:Transliteration|transliterated]] as-you-type search suggestions to Georgian wikis. If there are only a few regular search suggestions, then queries in Latin or Cyrillic script [[phab:T127003|are now rewritten into Georgian script]] to look for more matches. For example, searching for either <bdi lang="ka-Latn" dir="ltr">''bedniereba''</bdi> or <bdi lang="ka-Cyrl" dir="ltr">''бедниереба''</bdi> will now suggest the existing article about <bdi lang="ka" dir="ltr">ბედნიერება</bdi> ("happiness"). You can recommend other languages where transliterated suggestions would be useful [[phab:T375215|on Phabricator]] for future development. * Later this week, a controlled experiment will begin for editors on the 100 largest Wikipedias who are editing a section in the mobile web visual editor. 50% of these editors will notice a new "Edit full page" button that will enable them to expand their editing session to the whole page. This feature is intended to make it easier for people on mobile web to edit any article section, regardless of which section-edit icon they tapped to begin. The experiment will last ~4 weeks. You can find [[phab:T409112|more details]] about the project. * Later this week, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth|Reader Growth team]] will launch a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/WE3.1.14 Expanded Mobile Sections|mobile web experiment]] to expand all article sections by default (currently they are collapsed by default) and pin the section header the user is currently reading to the top of the page. The experiment will affect 10% of users on Arabic, Chinese, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese Wikipedias. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409485] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Wikipedia Year in Review/2025 Year in Review|Wikipedia Year in Review 2025]], a feature in the Wikipedia mobile apps (iOS and Android) that provides users with a personalised summary of their engagement with Wikipedia over the year, is now available on the iOS and Android apps. This edition includes expanded personalised insights, improved reading highlights, new donor messaging, and updated designs. Open the app to view your Year in Review and explore your reading journey from 2025. * A recent software bug caused edits made with VisualEditor to make unintended changes to wikitext, including removing whitespace and replacing spaces with underscores in wikilinks inside citations. This was partially fixed last week, and further fixes are in progress. Editors who used VisualEditor between November 28 and December 2 should review their edits for unexpected modifications. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411238] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the incorrect handling of URLs copied from the address bar of Microsoft Edge users, has been resolved. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341281] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Starting this week, users of the "{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}" [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]] will have [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] as the editor for Lua, JavaScript, CSS, JSON and Vue content models, instead of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]]. With this, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Linting|linters]] will be upgraded. This is part of a larger effort to eventually replace CodeEditor and provide a consistent code editing experience. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373711] * Developers are encouraged to take the [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/552643 2025 Developer Satisfaction Survey], which remains open until 5 January 2026. If you build software for the Wikimedia ecosystem and would like to share your experiences or feedback, your participation is greatly appreciated. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/W4WBKO6Q55UWWCCSFWQATKEXBEHP3QNR/] * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/50|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W50"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:45, 8 Ukuboza 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29738112 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-51</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W51"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/51|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:18}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:18|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, one of the fixes addressed an issue for temporary accounts adding an external URL, which triggered an hCaptcha request in more cases than intended, and did not display the required popup on the first attempt to publish the edit. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411927] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * To improve database and site performance, external links to Wikimedia projects will no longer be stored in the database. This means they will not be searchable in [[{{#special:LinkSearch}}]], will not be checked by the Spam Blacklist or AbuseFilter as new links, and will not be in the <code dir=ltr>externallinks</code> table on database replicas. In the future this may be extended to other highly-linked trusted websites on a per-wiki basis, such as Creative Commons links on Wikimedia Commons. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T405005] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.7|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/51|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W51"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:03, 15 Ukuboza 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29796010 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-52</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W52"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/52|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * From January, edit filters [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter/Access flags|can be set]] to automatically suppress their details such as rules and list of attempted edits and actions. This will help oversighters use edit filters to prevent doxxing or other suppressible material. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T290324] * The next issue of Tech News will be sent out on 12 January 2026 because of the end of year holidays. Thank you to all of the translators, and people who submitted content or feedback, this year. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:16}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:16|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the crash that occurred when tapping "First Steps" in the Wikipedia Android Year in Review has now been fixed, and the feature opens as expected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411546] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Interface elements such as diffs and categories generated by MediaWiki used to have the attribute <code dir=ltr>data-mw="interface"</code> to distinguish from wiki content. The attribute has been replaced with <code dir=ltr>data-mw-interface=""</code>, to avoid potential conflicts with other <code dir=ltr>data-mw</code> attributes, which are generated by Parsoid. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409187] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] There is no new MediaWiki version this week or next week. '''Meetings and events''' * The [[mw:Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026|Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026]] will take place on 13-14 March 2026 in Arnhem, the Netherlands. Applications just opened mid-December and will close in mid-January or earlier if capacity is reached. With space for approximately 100 participants, early application is encouraged. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/52|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W52"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:45, 22 Ukuboza 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29831856 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-03</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W03"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/03|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Wikimedia Foundation has shared some guiding questions for the July 2026–June 2027 Annual Plan on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027/Product & Technology OKRs|Meta]] and ''[[diffblog:2025/12/10/shaping-wikimedia-foundations-2026-2027-annual-goals-key-questions-for-the-wikimedia-movement/|Diff]]''. These focus on global trends, faster and healthier experimentation, better support for newcomers, strengthening editors and advanced users, improving collaboration across projects, and growing and retaining readership. Feedback and ideas are welcome on the [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027|talk page]]. '''Updates for editors''' * As part of the current work of Community Tech team on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/W372|Multiple watchlists]] project, the display of [[Special:EditWatchlist|EditWatchlist]] will be updated as a first step towards multiple watchlists. Additionally, the pagination on [[Special:Search|Search]] will be updated too, as a part of the work on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/W186|Revamp pagination / page navigation]] wish. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411596] * [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|The Global Watchlist]] is a MediaWiki [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] that lets you see your watchlists from different wikis on the same page. It was recently updated to look more like the regular [[Special:Watchlist|Watchlist]], such as preparing it for temporary accounts in IP masking (including rerouting user links to contributions pages), making page titles bold, and opening links in edit summaries and tags in new browser tabs. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398361][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T298919][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T273526][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T286309] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:28}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:28|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where global blocks did not have the option to disable sending emails, has now been fixed, and will be available for use in the week of January 13. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401293] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Citation tool|VisualEditor citation tool]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Reference Previews|Reference Previews]] now support "map" as a reference type. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411083] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.10|MediaWiki]]/[[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.11|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/03|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W03"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:34, 12 Mutarama 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29907192 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-04</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W04"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/04|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The tray shown on [[Special:Diff|Special:Diff]] in mobile view has been redesigned. It is now collapsed by default, and incorporates a link to undo the edit being viewed, making it easier for mobile editors and reviewers to take action while keeping the interface uncluttered. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402297] * [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|The Global Watchlist]] lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on one page. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] continues to improve — it now automatically determines the text direction (ensuring correct display of sites with unusual domain names) and shows detailed descriptions for log actions. Later this week, a new permanent link for page creations and CSS classes for each entry element will be added. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T412505][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T287929][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T262768][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414135] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the previously observed issue in Vector 2022, where anchor link targets were obscured by the sticky header, has now been addressed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406114] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * As mentioned in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/44|October 2025 deprecation announcement]], MediaWiki Interfaces team will begin sunsetting all transform endpoints containing a trailing slash from the MediaWiki REST API the week of January 26. Changes are expected to roll out to all wikis on or before January 30th. All API users currently calling them are encouraged to transition to the non-trailing slash versions. Both endpoint variations can be found, compared, and tested using the [https://test.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RestSandbox REST Sandbox]. If you have questions or encounter any problems, please file a ticket in Phabricator to the [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/view/6931/ #MW-Interfaces-Team board]. * Interactive reference documentation for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia REST API|Wikimedia REST API]] has moved. Requests to API docs previously hosted through [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/RESTBase|RESTBase]] (e.g.: <code dir=ltr>https://en.wikipedia.org/api/rest_v1/</code>) are now redirected to the [[w:en:Special:RestSandbox|REST Sandbox]]. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata Platform|WMF Wikidata Platform team]] (WDP) has published its [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Wikidata Platform team/Newsletter|January 2026 newsletter]]. It includes updates on the legacy full-graph endpoint decommissioning, the User-Agent policy change, the monthly Blazegraph migration office hours, and efforts to reduce regressions caused by the legacy endpoint shutdown. As a reminder, you can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/WDP team updates|subscribe to the WDP newsletter]]! * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.12|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * The [[mw:Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026|Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026]] will take place on 13-14 March 2026 in Arnhem, the Netherlands. Applications opened mid-December and will close soon or when capacity is reached. It's a two-day, technically oriented hackathon bringing together Wikimedians from the region. Hope to see you there! '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/04|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W04"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:30, 19 Mutarama 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29943403 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-05</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W05"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/05|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Wikimedia Foundation invites comments on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Year1 Reflections and Proposed Way Forward 2026 Update|proposed future]] of the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product and Technology Advisory Council]] until 28 February. * All users with registered accounts can now use passkeys for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two-factor authentication|two-factor authentication]] (2FA). Passkeys are a simple way to log in without using a second device. They verify the user's identity using a fingerprint, face scan, or a PIN code. To set up a passkey, first set up a regular 2FA method. Currently, to log in with a passkey, users must also use a password. Later this quarter, passwordless login will allow users to log in with a single click and a passkey. Users with advanced rights will also be required to have 2FA enabled. This is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Account Security]] project. * Unregistered contributors on blocked IPs or blocked IP ranges can now interact on-wiki to appeal a block by creating a temporary account to appeal a block on the user talk page, unless the "prevent this user from editing their own talk page" is enabled. This solves the problem of logged-out users unable to use the default unblock process via user talk page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398673] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the Two-Factor Authentication (2FA) methods description on the management page has been updated. It is now clearer and easier for users to understand and make use of. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T332385] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * A new AbuseFilter variable, <code>account_type</code>, has been added to provide a reliable way to determine the account type being created in the <code>createaccount</code> and <code>autocreateaccount</code> actions. As part of this change, the variable <code>accountname</code> has been renamed to <code>account_name</code>, and <code>accountname</code> is now deprecated. Edit filter managers should update any filters that use hardcoded account type checks or the deprecated variable. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414049] * Image thumbnails that are requested in non-standard sizes, and using non-standard methods such as direct requests to <code dir=ltr><nowiki>upload.wikimedia.org/…</nowiki></code> will stop working in the near future. This change is to prevent ongoing external abuse by web-scrapers and bots. Some users with custom CSS/JS, Interface Admins who can fix gadgets and local skins, and Tool-authors, will need to update their code to use standard thumbnail sizes. [[phab:T414805|Details, search-links, and examples of how to fix them, are available in the task]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.13|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/05|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W05"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:18, 26 Mutarama 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29969530 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-06</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W06"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/06|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The "{{int:pageinfo-toolboxlink}}" feature, which gives validating information about a page ([{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|action=info}} example]), now automatically includes a table of contents. If there is a local [[{{ns:8}}:Pageinfo-header]] page created by individual users, it can now be removed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T363726] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, VisualEditor previously added bold or italic formatting inside link descriptions, making the wikicode complex. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409669] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * There was no XML dump on 20 January. Additionally, from now on, dumps will be generated once per month only. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414389] * The MediaWiki Interfaces team removed support for all transform endpoints containing a trailing slash from the [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/API:REST%20API MediaWiki REST API]. All API users currently calling those endpoints are encouraged to transition to the non-trailing slash versions. If you have questions or encounter any problems, please file a ticket in phabricator to the [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/view/6931/ #MW-Interfaces-Team board]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.14|MediaWiki]] '''Weekly highlight''' * Users are reminded that the Wikimedia Foundation has shared some guiding questions for the July 2026–June 2027 Annual Plan on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027/Product & Technology OKRs|Meta]] and ''[[diffblog:2025/12/10/shaping-wikimedia-foundations-2026-2027-annual-goals-key-questions-for-the-wikimedia-movement/|Diff]]''. These focus on global trends, faster and healthier experimentation, better support for newcomers, strengthening editors and advanced users, improving collaboration across projects, and growing and retaining readership. Feedback and ideas are welcome on the [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027|talk page]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/06|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W06"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:44, 2 Gashyantare 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30000986 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-07</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W07"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/07|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] Logged-in contributors who manage large or complex watchlists can now organise and filter watched pages in ways that improve their workflows with the new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist labels|Watchlist labels]] feature. By adding custom labels (for example: pages you created, pages being monitored for vandalism, or discussion pages) users can more quickly identify what needs attention, reduce cognitive load, and respond more efficiently. This improves watchlist usability, especially for highly active editors. * A new feature available on [[Special:Contributions|Special:Contributions]] shows [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] that are likely operated by the same person, and so makes patrolling less time-consuming. Upon checking contributions of a temporary account, users with access to temporary account IP addresses can now see a view of contributions from the related temporary accounts. The feature looks up all the IPs associated with a given temporary account within the data retention period and shows all the contributions of all temporary accounts that have used these IPs. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts#February 2026: Improvements to the patroller tooling|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415674] * When editors preview a wikitext edit, the reminder box that they are only seeing a preview (which is shown at the top), now has a grey/neutral background instead of a yellow/warning background. This makes it easier to distinguish preview notes from actual warnings (for example, edit conflicts or problematic redirect targets), which will now be shown in separate warning or error boxes. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414742] * The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]] lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on one page. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] continues to improve — it now properly supports more than one Wikibase site, for example both [[d:|Wikidata]] and [[testwikidata:|testwikidata]]. In addition, issues regarding text direction have been fixed for users who prefer Wikidata or other Wikibase sites in right-to-left (RTL) languages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415440][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415458] * The automatic "magic links" for ISBN, RFC, and PMID numbers have been [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic links|deprecated in wikitext since 2021]] due to inflexibility and difficulties with localization. Several wikis have successfully replaced RFC and PMID magic links with equivalent external links, but a template was often required to replace the functionality of the ISBN magic link. There is now a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#isbn|built-in parser function]] <code dir=ltr><nowiki>{{#isbn}}</nowiki></code> available to replace the basic functionality of the ISBN magic link. This makes it easier for wikis who wish to migrate off of the deprecated magic link functionality to do so. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T145604] * Two new wikis have been created: ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q35401|Jju]] ([[w:kaj:|<code>w:kaj:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413283] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q1186896|Nawat]] ([[w:ppl:|<code>w:ppl:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413273] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * A new global user group has been created: [[{{int:grouppage-local-bot}}|{{int:group-local-bot}}]]. It will be used internally by the software to allow community bots to bypass rate limits that are applied to abusive [[w:en:Web scraping|web scrapers]]. Accounts that are approved as bots on at least one Wikimedia wiki will be automatically added to this group. It will not change what user permissions the bot has. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415588] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.15|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Spring 2026|MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference, Spring 2026]] will be held March 25–27 in Salt Lake City, USA. This event is organized by and for the third-party MediaWiki community. You can propose sessions and register to attend. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/AZBWVI46SDEB65PGR5J6E4TYOQQEZXM7/] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/07|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W07"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:31, 9 Gashyantare 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30026671 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-08</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W08"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/08|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Site Reliability Engineering|SRE Team]] will be performing a cleanup of Wikimedia's [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Etherpad|Etherpad]] instance, the web-based editor for real-time collaborative document editing. All pads will be permanently deleted after 30 April, 2026 – if there are still migration projects in progress at that point the team can revisit the date on a case by case basis. Please create local backups of any content you wish to keep, as deleted data cannot be recovered. This cleanup helps reduce database size and minimize infrastructure footprint. Etherpad will continue to support real-time collaboration, but long-term storage should not be expected. Additional cleanups may occur in the future without prior notice. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415237] '''Updates for editors''' * The Information Retrieval team will be launching an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Information Retrieval/Phase 1|Android mobile app experiment]] that tests hybrid search capabilities which can handle both semantic and keyword queries. The improvement of on-platform search will enable readers to find what they’re looking for directly on Wikipedia more easily. The experiment will first be launched on Greek Wikipedia in late February, followed by English, French, and Portuguese in March. [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/01/08/semantic-search-making-it-easier-to-find-the-information-readers-want/ Read more] on Diff blog. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Readers/Information_Retrieval] * The Reader Growth team will run [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/WE3.10.2 Mobile Table of Contents|an experiment]] for mobile web users, that adds a table of contents and automatically expands all article sections, to learn more about navigation issues they face. The test will be available on Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese Wikipedias. * Previously, site notices ([[{{ns:8}}:Sitenotice]] and [[{{ns:8}}:Anonnotice]]) would only render on the desktop site. Now, they will render on all platforms. Users on mobile web will now see these notices and be informed. Site administrators should be prepared to test and fix notices on mobile devices to avoid interference with articles. To opt out, interface admins can add <code dir="ltr">#siteNotice { display: none; }</code> to [[{{ns:8}}:Minerva.css]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T138572][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416644] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:19}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:19|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue on [[Special:RecentChanges|Special:RecentChanges]] has been fixed. Previously, clicking hide in the active filters caused the "view new changes since…" button to disappear, though it should have remained visible. The button now behaves as expected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406339] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * New documentation is now available to help editors debug on-site search features. It supports troubleshooting when pages do not appear in results, when ranking seems unexpected, and when you need to inspect what content is being indexed, helping make search behavior easier to understand and analyze. [[mw:Help:CirrusSearch/Debug|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411169] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.16|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/08|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W08"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:17, 16 Gashyantare 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30086330 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-09</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W09"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/09|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Reference Check|Reference Check]] has been deployed to English Wikipedia, completing its rollout across all Wikipedias. The feature prompts newcomers to add a citation before publishing new content, helping reduce common citation-related reverts and improve verifiability. In A/B testing, the impact was substantial: newcomers shown Reference Check were approximately 2.2 times more likely to include a reference on desktop and about 17.5 times more likely on mobile web. [https://analytics.wikimedia.org/published/reports/editing/reference_check_ab_test_report_final_2025.html] '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:InterwikiSorting|InterwikiSorting extension]], which allowed for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Interwiki sorting order|sorting of interwiki links]], has been undeployed from Wikipedia. As a result, editors who had enabled interwiki link sorting in non-compact mode (full list format) will now see links reordered. The links moving forward will be listed in the alphabetical order of language code. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T253764] * Later this week, people who are editing a page-section using the mobile visual editor, will notice a new "Edit full page" button. When tapped, you will be able to edit the entire article. This helps when the change you want to make is outside the section you initially opened. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T387175][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409112] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|The Reader Experience team]] is inviting editors to assess whether dark mode should still be considered "beta" on their wiki, based on their experience of how well it functions on desktop and mobile. If the feature is deemed mature, editors can update the interface messages in <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:skin-theme-description</code> and <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:Vector-night-mode-beta-tag</code> to indicate that dark mode is ready and no longer considered beta. * The improved [[mw:Wikimedia_Apps/Team/iOS/Activity_Tab|Activity tab]] which displays user-insights is now available to all users of the Wikipedia iOS app (version 7.9.0 and later). Following earlier A/B testing that showed higher account creation among users with access to the feature, it has been rolled out to 100% of users along with some updates. The Activity tab now shows your edited articles in the timeline, offers editing impact insights like contribution counts and article view trends, and customization options to improve in-app experience for users. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug that prevented [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] from working on mobile has now been fixed, restoring full functionality. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415303] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]] lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on one page. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] that makes this possible continues to improve. The latest upgrade is the inclusion of a [[mw:Extension:GlobalWatchlist#hook|new hook]], <code dir=ltr>ext.globalwatchlist.rebuild</code>, which fires after each watchlist rebuild. This allows you to run gadgets and user scripts for the Special page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T275159] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.17|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/09|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W09"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:04, 23 Gashyantare 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30119102 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-10</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W10"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/10|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Wikipedia 25 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments|Birthday mode]] is now live on Betawi, Breton, Chinese, Czech, Dutch, English, French, Gorontalo, Indonesian, Italian, Luxembourgish, Madurese, Sicilian, Spanish, Thai, and Vietnamese Wikipedias! This limited-time campaign feature celebrates 25 years of Wikipedia with a birthday mascot, Baby Globe. When turned on, Baby Globe is shown on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments/article configuration|~2,500 articles]], waiting to be discovered by readers. Communities can choose to turn Birthday mode on by getting consensus from their community and asking an admin to enable the feature and customize it via [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments#Community Configuration Demo|community configuration]] on the local wiki. '''Updates for editors''' * [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]], a new feature to re-use references with different details has been released to Swedish Wikipedia, Polish Wikipedia and [[:phab:T418209|a couple of other wikis]]. You can [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#test|try the feature]] on these projects or on testwiki and [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmcloud.org/wiki/Sub-referencing betawiki]. Learnings from the first pilot wiki German Wikipedia have been [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing/Learnings|published in a report]]. Reach out to the Wikimedia Deutschland team if you are [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Pilot wikis|interested in becoming a pilot wiki]]. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Paste check|Paste Check]] will become available at all Wikipedias this week. The feature prompts newcomers who are pasting text they are not likely to have written into VisualEditor to consider whether doing so risks a copyright violation. Paste Check [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Tags|tags]] all edits where it is shown for potential review. Local administrators can configure various aspects of the feature via [[{{#special:EditChecks}}]]. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Paste Check#A/B Experiment|Research]] across 22 wikis found that Paste Check resulted in an 18% decrease in relative reverted-edits compared to the control group. Translators can [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&group=ext-visualeditor-ve-mw-editcheck&filter=&optional=1&action=translate help to localize] this and related features. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Reader Experience team]] will be standardizing the user menu in the top right for all mobile users so that it is closer to the desktop experience. Currently this user menu is only visible to users with Advanced Mobile Controls (AMC) turned on. The only change is that a couple buttons previously in the left-side menu will move to the top right for users who do not have AMC turned on. This change is expected to go out March 9 and seeks to improve the user interface. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413912] * Starting in the week of March 2, the emails sent out when an email address was added, removed, or changed for an account will switch to a substantially nicer and clearer HTML email from the prior plaintext one. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T410807] * Notifications are currently limited to 2,000 historic entries per user, and extend back to 2013 when the feature was released. This is going to be changed to only store Notifications from the last 5 years, but up to 10,000 of them. This will help with long-term infrastructure health and help to prevent more recent notifications from disappearing too soon. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383948] * The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]] which lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on a single page continues to see improvements. The latest update improves label usage experience. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] now allows activating the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Language#Fallback languages|language fallback system]] for Wikidata items without labels in the viewed language, and showing those labels in the user’s preferred Wikidata language if no <code dir=ltr>uselang=</code> URL parameter is provided. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373686][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416111] * The Wikipedia Android team has started a beta test of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Information Retrieval/Phase 1|hybrid search]] on Greek Wikipedia. Hybrid search capabilities can handle both semantic and keyword queries enabling readers to find what they’re looking for directly on Wikipedia more easily. * For security reasons, members of certain user groups are [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Mandatory two-factor authentication for users with some extended rights|required to have two-factor authentication]] (2FA) enabled. Currently, 2FA is required to use the group, but not to be a member of it. Given that this model still has some vulnerabilities, the situation will [[phab:T418580|gradually change in March]]. Members of these groups will be unable to disable last 2FA method on their account, and it will be impossible to add users without 2FA to these groups. Users will still be able to add new authentication methods or remove them, as long as at least one method is continuously enabled. In the second half of March, users without 2FA will be removed from these groups. This applies to: CentralNotice administrators, checkusers, interface administrators, suppressors, Wikidata staff, Wikifunctions staff, WMF Office IT and WMF Trust & Safety. Nothing will change for other users. See the linked task for deployment schedule. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418580] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue preventing users from creating an instance in [https://www.wikibase.cloud/ Wikibase.cloud] has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416807] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * To help ensure [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]], over the next month the Wikimedia Foundation will implement global API rate limits across our APIs. In early March, stricter limits will be applied to unidentified requests from outside Toolforge/WMCS and API requests that are made from web browsers. In April, higher limits will be applied to identified traffic. These limits are intentionally set as high as possible to minimise impact on the community. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]]. * The Wikidata Query Service Linked Data Fragment (LDF) endpoint will be decommissioned in February. This endpoint served limited traffic, which was successfully migrated to other data access methods that were better suited to support existing use cases. The hardware used to support the LDF endpoint will be reallocated to support the ongoing backend migration efforts. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415696] * The new Parsoid parser [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Updates|continues to be deployed to additional wikis]], improving platform sustainability and making it easier to introduce new reading and editing features. Parsoid is now the default parser on 488 WMF wikis (268 Wikipedias), now covering more than 10% of all Wikipedia page views. * The process and criteria for [[Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise#Access|requesting exceptional access]] to the high volume feed of the ''Wikimedia Enterprise'' APIs (at no cost for mission-aligned usecases), [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Enterprise#Exceptional access criteria|have now been published]]. This is to provide more thorough and clearer documentation for users. * [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/ Tech Blog], the blog dedicated to the Wikimedia technical community [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2026/02/24/a-tech-blog-diff/ will be migrating] to [[diffblog:|Diff]], the community news and event blog. The migration should be complete in April 2026, after which new posts will be accepted for publishing. Readers will be able to access posts – old and new – on the landing page at https://diff.wikimedia.org/techblog. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.18|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/10|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W10"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:52, 2 werurwe 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30137798 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-11</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W11"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/11|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|All wikis will be read-only]] for a few minutes on Wednesday, 25 March 2026 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1774450800 15:00 UTC]. This is for the datacenter server switchover backup tests, [[wikitech:Deployments/Yearly calendar|which happen twice a year]]. During the switchover, all Wikimedia website traffic is shifted from one primary data center to the backup data center to test availability and prevent service disruption even in emergencies. * Last week, all wikis had 2 hours of read-only time, and extended unavailability for user-scripts and gadgets. This was due to a security incident which has since been resolved. Work is ongoing to prevent re-occurrences. For current information please see the [[m:Steward's noticeboard#Statement on Meta about today's user script security incident|post on the Stewards' noticeboard]] ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Product and Technology/Product Safety and Integrity/March 2026 User Script Incident|translations]]). '''Updates for editors''' * Users facing multiple blocks on mobile will now see the reasons for each block separately, instead of a generic message. This helps them understand why they are blocked and what steps they can take to resolve the issue. For example, users affected for using common VPNs (such as [[Special:MyLanguage/Apple iCloud Private Relay|iCloud Private Relay]]) will receive clearer guidance on what they need to do to start editing again. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T357118] * Later this week, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|Suggestion Mode]] will become available as a beta feature within the visual editor at all Wikipedias. This feature proactively suggests various types of actions that people can consider taking to improve Wikipedia articles, and learn about related guidelines. The feature is locally configurable, and can also be locally expanded with custom Suggestions. Current settings can be seen at [[Special:EditChecks]] and there are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Suggestion mode#For administrators %E2%80%93 local customization|instructions for how administrators can customize]] the links to point to local guidelines. The feature is connected to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check|Edit check]] which suggests improvements while someone is writing new content. In the future, the Editing team plans to evaluate the feature's impact with newcomers through a controlled experiment. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T404600] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where the cursor became misaligned during the use of CodeMirror’s syntax highlighting, which makes wikitext and code easier to read, has now been fixed. This problem specifically affected users who defined a font rule in a custom stylesheet while creating a new topic with DiscussionTools. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418793] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * API rate limiting update: To help ensure [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]], global API rate limits will be applied this week to requests without a compliant User-Agent that originate from outside Toolforge/WMCS and to unauthenticated requests made from web browsers. Higher limits will be applied to identified traffic in April. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]]. * The new GraphQL API has been released. The API was developed as a flexible alternative to select features of the Wikidata Query Service (WDQS), to improve developer experience and foster adaptability, and efficient data access. Try it out and [[d:Wikidata:Wikibase GraphQL#Feedback and development|give feedback]]. You can also [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/GraphQLAPI/apply sign up for usability tests]. * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group|PTAC Unsupported Tools Working Group]] continued improvements to [[commons:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Video2commons#|Video2Commons]] in February, with fixes addressing authentication errors, large-file handling, task queue visibility, and clearer upload behavior. Work is still ongoing in some areas, including changes related to deprecated server-side uploads. Read [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group#February 2026|this update]] to learn more. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.19|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The Article Guidance team invites experienced Wikipedia editors from selected [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Pilot wikis and collaborators#Collaborators|pilot wikis]] and interested contributors from other Wikipedias to fill out this questionnaire which is available in [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfmLeVWnxmsCbPoI_UF2jyRcn73WRGWCVPHzerXb4Cz97X_Ag/viewform English], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSd6rzr4XXQw8r4024fE3geTPFe13M_6w7Mitj-YJi0sOlWTAw/viewform?usp=header Arabic], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdok3-RfB18lcugYTUMGkpwmqG_8p760Wv4dCXitOXOszjUDw/viewform?usp=header Bengali], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfjTfYp4jEo0akA4B1e-Nfg3QZPCudUjhJzHzzDi6AHyAaMGA/viewform?usp=header Japanese], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScteVoI29Aue4xc72dekk-6RYtvmMgQxzMI900UOawrFrSTWg/viewform?usp=header Portuguese], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSetdxnYwL3ub2vqA7awCg5hJZPMIYcDPaiTe12rY9h0GYnVlw/viewform?usp=header Persian], and [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScNvfJF-Ot-4pzA4qAN771_0QDJ4Li19YcUsaTgSKW8Nc7U_Q/viewform?usp=header Turkish]. Your answers will help the team customize guidance for less experienced editors and help them learn community policies and practices while creating an article. Learn more [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|on the project page]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/11|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W11"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:53, 9 werurwe 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30213008 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-12</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W12"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/12|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]] beta feature, also known as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror 6]], has been used for wikitext syntax highlighting since November 2024. It will be promoted out of beta by May 2026 in order to bring improvements and new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Features|features]] to all editors who use the standard syntax highlighter. If you have any questions or concerns about promoting the feature out of beta, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help talk:Extension:CodeMirror|please share]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T259059] * Some changes to local user groups are performed by stewards on Meta-Wiki and logged there only. Now, interwiki rights changes will be logged both on Meta-Wiki and the wiki of the target user to make it easier to access a full record of user's rights changes on a local wiki. Past log entries for such changes will be backfilled in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T6055] * On wikis using [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Flagged Revisions|Flagged Revisions]], the number of pending changes shown on [[{{#Special:PendingChanges}}]] previously counted pages which were no longer pending review, because they have been removed from the system without being reviewed, e.g. due to being deleted, moved to a different namespace, or due to wiki configuration changes. The count will be correct now. On some wikis the number shown will be much smaller than before. There should be no change to the list of pages itself. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413016] * Wikifunctions composition language has been rewritten, resulting in a new version of the language. This change aims to increase service stability by reducing the orchestrator's memory consumption. This rewrite also enables substantial latency reduction, code simplification, and better abstractions, which will open the door to later feature additions. Read more about [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-03-11|the changes]]. * Users can now sort search results alphabetically by page title. The update gives an additional option to finding pages more easily and quickly. Previously, results could be sorted by Edit date, Creation date, or Relevance. To use the new option, open 'Advanced Search' on the search results page and select 'Alphabetically' under 'Sorting Order'. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T403775] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:28}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:28|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the bug that prevented UploadWizard on Wikimedia Commons from importing files from Flickr has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419263] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * A new special page, [[{{#special:LintTemplateErrors}}]], has been created to list transcluded pages that are flagged as containing lint errors to help users discover them easily. The list is sorted by the number of transclusions with errors. For example: [[{{#special:LintTemplateErrors}}/night-mode-unaware-background-color]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T170874] * Users of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]] beta feature have been using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] instead of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]] for syntax highlighting when editing JavaScript, CSS, JSON, Vue and Lua content pages, for some time now. Along with promoting CodeMirror 6 out of beta, the plan is to replace CodeEditor as the standard editor for these content models by May 2026. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help talk:Extension:CodeMirror|Feedback or concerns are welcome]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419332] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] JavaScript modules will soon be upgraded to CodeMirror 6. Leading up to the upgrade, loading the <code dir=ltr>ext.CodeMirror</code> or <code dir=ltr>ext.CodeMirror.lib</code> modules from gadgets and user scripts was deprecated in July 2025. The use of the <code dir=ltr>ext.CodeMirror.switch</code> hook was also deprecated in March 2025. Contributors can now make their scripts or gadgets compatible with CodeMirror 6. See the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror#Gadgets and user scripts|migration guide]] for more information. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373720] * The MediaWiki Interfaces team is expanding coverage of REST API module definitions to include [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:REST API/Extensions|extension APIs]]. REST API modules are groups of related endpoints that can be independently managed and versioned. Modules now exist for [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414470 GrowthExperiments] and [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419053 Wikifunctions] APIs. As we migrate extension APIs to this structure, documentation will move out of the main MediaWiki OpenAPI spec and REST Sandbox view, and will instead be accessible via module-specific options in the dropdown on the [https://test.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RestSandbox REST Sandbox] (i.e., [[{{#Special:RestSandbox}}]], available on all wiki projects). * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto|Scribunto]] extension provides different pieces of information about the wiki where the module is being used via the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual|mw.site]] library. Starting last week, the library also provides a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#mw.site.wikiId|way]] of accessing the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Wiki ID|wiki ID]] that can be used to facilitate cross-wiki module maintenance. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T146616] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.20|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award|2026 Coolest Tool Award]] celebrating outstanding community tools, is now open for nominations! Nominate your favorite tool using the [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/435684?lang=en nomination survey] form by 23 March 2026. For more information on privacy and data handling, please see the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Legal:Coolest_Tool_Award_2026_Survey_Privacy_Statement|survey privacy statement]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/12|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W12"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:36, 16 werurwe 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30260505 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-13</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W13"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/13|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Wikimedia site users can now log in without a password using passkeys. This is a secure method supported by fingerprint, facial recognition, or PIN. With this change, all users who opt for passwordless login will find it easier, faster, and more secure to log in to their accounts using any device. The new passkey login option currently appears as an autofill suggestion in the username field. An additional [[phab:T417120|"Log in with passkey" button]] will soon be available for users who have already registered a passkey. This update will improve security and user experience. The [[c:File:Passwordless_login_screencast.webm|screen recording]] demonstrates the passwordless login process step by step. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|All wikis will be read-only]] for a few minutes on Wednesday, 25 March 2026 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1774450800 15:00 UTC]. This is for the datacenter server switchover backup tests, [[wikitech:Deployments/Yearly calendar|which happen twice a year]]. During the switchover, all Wikimedia website traffic is shifted from one primary data center to the backup data center to test availability and prevent service disruption even in emergencies. '''Updates for editors''' * Wikimedia site users can now export their notifications older than 5 years using a [[toolforge:echo-chamber|new Toolforge tool]]. This will ensure that users retain their important notifications and avoid them being lost based on the planned change to delete notifications older than 5 years, as previously announced. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383948] * Wikipedia editors in Indonesian, Thai, Turkish, and Simple English now have access to Special:PersonalDashboard. This is an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Dashboard|early version of an experience]] that introduces newer editors to patrolling workflows, making it easier for them to move from making edits to participating in more advanced moderation work on their project. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402647] * The [[Special:Block]] now has two minor interface changes. Administrators can now easily perform indefinite blocks through a dedicated radio button in the expiry section. Also, choosing an indefinite expiry provides a different set of common reasons to select from, which can be changed at: [[MediaWiki:Ipbreason-indef-dropdown]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401823] * Mobile editors [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#Logged-out|at several wikis]] can now see an improved logged-out edit warning, thanks to the recent updates from the Growth team. These changes released last week are part of ongoing efforts and tests to enhance [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments|account creation experience on mobile]] and then increase participation. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T408484] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:36}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:36|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the bug that prevented mobile web users from seeing the block information when affected by multiple blocks has been fixed. They can now see messages of all the blocks currently affecting them when they access Wikipedia. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Images built using Toolforge will soon get the upgraded buildpacks version, bringing support for newer language versions and other upstream improvements and fixes. If you use Toolforge Build Service, review the recent [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/cloud-announce@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/EMYTA32EV2V5SQ2JIEOD2CL66YFIZEKV/ cloud-announce email] and update your build configuration as necessary to ensure your tools are compatible. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Help:Toolforge/Building_container_images&oldid=2392097#Buildpack_environment_upgrade_process][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380127] * The [https://api.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page API Portal] documentation wiki will shut down in June 2026. API keys created on the API Portal will continue to work normally. api.wikimedia.org endpoints will be deprecated gradually starting in July 2026. Documentation on the API Portal is moving to [[mw:Wikimedia APIs|mediawiki.org]]. Learn more on the [[wikitech:API Portal/Deprecation|project page]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.21|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes]] is considering improvements to [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names|automatically generated reference names in VisualEditor]]. Please check out the [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names#Proposed solutions|proposed solutions]] and participate in the [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names#Request for comment|request for comment]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/13|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W13"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16:51, 23 werurwe 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30268305 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-14</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W14"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/14|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Beta version of [[abstract:|Abstract Wikipedia]] a new Wikimedia project which is language-independent, was launched last week. The project allows communities to build Wikipedia articles in their native language, which can be readily accessed by other users in their own languages. The wiki is powered by instructions from Wikifunctions and also based on structured content from Wikidata. [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-03-26|Read more]]. '''Updates for editors''' * The Growth team is running an A/B test to evaluate a clearer, more user-friendly message that promotes account creation on wikis. Currently when logged-out mobile users begin editing, they see a jarring warning message that can feel abrupt and discouraging. This also presents temporary account editing as the default rather than encouraging account creation. The test is running on ten Wikipedias, including Arabic, French, Spanish and German. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#2. Improve logged-out warning message (T415160)|Read more]]. * The Wikimedia Apps team is inviting feedback on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Future of Editing on the Mobile Apps|how editing should work on the Wikipedia mobile apps]]. The discussion focuses on improving how users access editing tools when they tap "Edit". This is part of a broader effort to convert readers who develop an interest in editing, to access a more user-friendly pathway to start contributing. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:45}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:45|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where citation fetching from the large newspaper archive [https://www.newspapers.com Newspapers.com] was no longer working, due to a block in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid|Citoid]] requests, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419903] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.22|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/14|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W14"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:26, 30 werurwe 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30329462 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-15</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W15"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/15|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] now includes a new group goal-setting feature, enabling organizers to set and track event goals such as the number of articles created and participating contributors in real time. Similarly, participants can work toward shared targets and see their collective impact as the event unfolds. The feature is now available on all Wikimedia wikis. Learn more in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Registration/Collaborative contributions#Goal setting|the documentation]]. * [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] The new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist labels|watchlist labels]] feature (announced in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/07|Tech News 2026-07]]) is now available via VisualEditor, the source editor, and the 'watchstar' (or watch link, for skins that don't have a star icon). Previously it was only possible to assign labels via [[Special:EditWatchlist|EditWatchlist]]. In all three places it is a new field following the expiry field. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where talk pages on mobile with Parsoid are unusable after empty section headers, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419171] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|sub-referencing feature]], which lets editors add details to an existing reference without duplicating it, will be gradually rolled out to [[phab:T414094|more wikis]] later this year. Wikis using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reference Tooltips|Reference Tooltips]] gadget are encouraged to update their version (typically at [[m:MediaWiki:Gadget-ReferenceTooltips.js|MediaWiki:Gadget-ReferenceTooltips.js]] as shown [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?diff=1344408362 here]) to ensure compatibility. Other reference-related gadgets may also be affected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416304] * All Wikinews editions will be closed and switched to read-only mode on 4 May 2026. Content will remain accessible, but no new edits or articles can be added. This closure was approved by the Board of Trustees of the Wikimedia Foundation following extended discussions. [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard#Board of Trustees Approves Closure of Wikinews|Read more]]. * The [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:Action API|Action API]] has had several formats for requested output. One of them, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>format=php</nowiki></code></bdi>, is being removed soon. Please ensure your scripts or bots use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:Data formats#Output|JSON format]]. This removal should affect very few scripts and bots. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T118538] * The [[Special:NamespaceInfo|Special:NamespaceInfo]] page now includes namespace aliases. For example "WP" for the "Project" ("Wikipedia") namespace on the German Wikipedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381455] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.23|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/15|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W15"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16:19, 6 Mata 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30362761 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-16</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W16"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/16|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Experienced editors are invited to [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Main_Page test] the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|Article guidance]] feature, designed to help less-experienced editors create well-structured, policy-compliant Wikipedia articles. Testing instructions are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Test feature guide|available]]. Also, after reviewing [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Category:Pages_using_article_guidance the outlines], please provide feedback on the [[mw:Talk:Article guidance|project talk page]]. Based on your input, the feature will be refined and transferred to the pilot Wikipedias to translate and adapt. Check out [[c:File:Article Guidance workflow demo - April 2026.webm|the video]] explaining the feature. '''Updates for editors''' * On most wikis, all autoconfirmed users can now use [[Special:ChangeContentModel|Special:ChangeContentModel]] page to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:ChangeContentModel|create new pages with custom content models]], such as mass message lists, making custom page formats more accessible. Check [[Special:ListGroupRights|Special:ListGroupRights]] for the status of your wiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T248294] * The Growth team has launched an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account_Creation_Experiments|account creation experiment]] to evaluate whether adding an account creation button to the mobile web header increases new account registrations and encourages more mobile users to contribute to the wikis. The experiment is currently live on Hindi, Indonesian, Bengali, Thai, and Hebrew Wikipedia, and targets 10% of logged-out mobile web users. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where VisualEditor could get stuck loading on Windows devices with animations turned off, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382856] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Starting later this week, {{int:group-abusefilter}} who have the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]] beta feature enabled will have [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] instead of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]] as the editor at [[Special:AbuseFilter|Special:AbuseFilter]]. This is part of the broader effort to make the user experience more consistent across all editors. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399673][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419332] * Tools and bots that access the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Notifications/API|Notifications API]] (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=query&meta=notifications</nowiki></code></bdi>) will need to update their OAuth or BotPassword grants to also include access to private notifications. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T421991] * Due to a library upgrade, listings on category pages may be displayed out of order starting on Monday, 20th April. A migration script will be run to correct this, and will take hours to days depending on the size of the wiki (up to a week for English Wikipedia). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T422544] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.24|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/16|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W16"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 15:19, 13 Mata 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30380527 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-17</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W17"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/17|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * After two years of development, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]], also known as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror 6]], is to be promoted out of beta on Tuesday, April 21. It brings better code and wikitext readability, reduction in typing errors, and other [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|benefits]] to all users of the standard syntax highlighter. A huge thank you to volunteer [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/p/Bhsd/ Bhsd] who developed many of the new features, including [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Code folding|code folding]], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Autocompletion|autocompletion]], and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Linting|linting]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T259059] * A major update to the Wikipedia app for iOS is now rolling out, redesigning the interface to align with Apple's latest "Liquid Glass" visual design. [https://apps.apple.com/us/app/wikipedia/id324715238 Download the latest version] and explore the update. '''Updates for editors''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4 Reading lists|Reading lists]] is a feature which allows readers to save articles to a list for reading later. This feature is now in beta on Arabic, French, Indonesian, Vietnamese, and Chinese Wikipedias and by default for all new accounts on all Wikipedias. * An experiment which explores extending [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Mobile page previews|Page Previews to mobile web]] will be launched in the week of April 20 on Arabic, English, French, Italian, Polish, and Vietnamese Wikipedias. Page Previews are pop-ups that display a thumbnail, lead paragraph, and a link to open the full article of a blue link, thereby improving content discovery. The feature is already available on desktop and in the apps. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/List of experiments in Product and Technology#Template|Read more about this experiment and others]]. * On several wikis, logged-in editors who haven't [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Email confirmation|confirmed their email addresses]] can now see a banner encouraging them to do so. Having the email address confirmed allows a user to restore access to the account if they lose it. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security#Encouraging users to confirm their email addresses|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T421366] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:15}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:15|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where editing very large wiki pages in the 2017 wikitext editor caused slow loading, preview and scrolling lag, and performance issues when selecting, cutting, or pasting content, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T184857] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * As part of the promotion of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] from a beta feature, all users will use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] instead of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]] for syntax highlighting when editing JavaScript, CSS, JSON, Vue and Lua content pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419332] * The <code>mirrors.wikimedia.org</code> service for Debian and Ubuntu users will sunset and stop working on May 15. The resources for the service will be replaced with new and better options. Some users may need to switch to a different server which should take about a minute. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/LJYRIS4WB66HIRCAO4GIDTXCMDVZRBMA/ You can read more]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416707] * The <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>image</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>oldimage</nowiki></code></bdi> table will be removed from [[wikitech:Help:Wiki Replicas|wikireplicas]]. If your tools or queries access <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>image</nowiki></code></bdi> or <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>oldimage</nowiki></code></bdi> directly, please update them to use the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>file</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>filerevision</nowiki></code></bdi> table before 28 May. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T28741] * Following the recent implementation of global API rate limits on unidentified traffic, the Wikimedia Foundation will continue efforts to ensure [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]] by applying global limits to identified API traffic beginning the last week of April. These limits are intentionally set as high as possible to minimise impact on the community. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits/FAQ|Frequently Asked Questions]]. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Attribution API|Attribution API]] is now available as a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Stability policy|beta]]. The API fetches information for crediting Wikimedia articles and media files wherever they are used. Reference documentation is available through the REST Sandbox special page available on all Wikimedia wikis (such as the [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?api=attribution.v0-beta&title=Special%3ARestSandbox REST sandbox on English Wikipedia]). Share your feedback on the [[mw:Talk:Attribution API|project talk page]]. * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/17|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W17"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 15:01, 20 Mata 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30432763 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-18</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W18"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/18|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * There is a change in how new users are autoconfirmed that will improve anti-vandalism protection. Currently, users who have had an account for a few days and made a few edits are automatically added to the [[{{int:grouppage-autoconfirmed/{{CONTENTLANGUAGE}}}}|{{int:group-autoconfirmed}}]] group. This configuration tends to be exploited by some vandals, who create accounts and start to use them only after some time. To mitigate this, the configuration will be updated next week so that – for the purpose of becoming autoconfirmed – the account age will be counted from their first edit, instead of registration date. The numeric value of the age threshold will remain the same. This change will be deployed only to wikis which require at least one edit as part of the autoconfirmation conditions. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418484] * All Wikipedia users with new accounts and those who activated the "automatically enable most beta features" option in their preference can now use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4 Reading lists|reading lists]] beta feature to save articles for later reading. This helps organize reading interests in one place for convenient access. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where infobox images have huge padding in Firefox, has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423676] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * As a reminder, the global API rate limits will be applied this week to identified API traffic. This is to help ensure [[mw:MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]]. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, including the actual rate limits, see [[mw:Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]] and [[mw:Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits/FAQ|Frequently Asked Questions]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.26|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/18|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W18"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:06, 27 Mata 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30458046 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-19</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W19"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/19|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|Article guidance]] team invites experienced editors of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Pilot wikis and collaborators|pilot Wikipedias]]—Arabic, Bangla, Japanese, Portuguese, Persian, Turkish, Simple English, Spanish, and French—to help translate and adapt [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Category:Pages_using_article_guidance sample outlines]. These outlines will guide editors in creating clear, well-structured, and policy-compliant articles when using [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Special:NewArticle the feature] once it is launched in May 2026. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance#Adapting a sample outline in a Wikipedia|Simple instructions]] on how to translate and adapt the outlines are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product and Technology Advisory Council]] has published [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/May 2026 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|draft recommendations]] on a model that affiliates can follow when contributing to the technical space. Community members are invited to provide feedback on the recommendation until May 8th [[:m:Talk:Product and Technology Advisory Council/May 2026 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|on the talk page]]. * The number of available thumbnail size preferences in MediaWiki is being reduced to three standardized options—Small (180px), Regular (250px), and Large (400px), as part of ongoing efforts to improve performance and reduce strain on thumbnail services. As a result, existing preferences will be mapped to the nearest new size (for example, smaller selections like 120px or 150px will render at 180px, while larger ones like 300px or 360px will render at 400px). The preferences interface will soon be updated to reflect these changes, and users who wish to opt out or provide feedback can do so. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424909] * From now on, even when a permission expires automatically, users will receive an Echo notification similar to the standard notification for permission changes. There is a difference between this and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global reminder bot|Global reminder bot]] in that the latter reminds users a week ''before'' the rights are due to expire, so that they can renew the rights. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the problem where the ULS language selector in [[m:Special:Translate|Special:Translate]] would scroll vertically when it shouldn't, has been resolved. Previously, when users opened the "Translate to English" dropdown and typed certain inputs, the dialog would scroll vertically by a few pixels even when there was enough space to display all results. The dropdown no longer shifts unnecessarily when filtering languages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358864] * The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]], which lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on a single page, continues to improve. For example, watchlists for Wikibase sites such as [[:d:|Wikidata]] now support [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:EntitySchema|EntitySchema]] elements for better tracking. The Live Updates mode now refreshes the special page every 60 seconds to comply with the updated [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|global API rate limits]] for improved real-time responsiveness. Additionally, a directionality bug that displayed links as "changes 3" instead of "3 changes" in mixed-direction lists has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415450][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424422][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418091] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The second phase of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|global API rate limits]] has been rolled out to reduce the [[diffblog:2026/03/26/quo-vadis-crawlers-progress-and-whats-next-on-safeguarding-our-infrastructure/|impact of AI crawlers]] and ensure fair, sustainable access to Wikimedia resources, prioritising human and mission-aligned traffic. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits#Limits|Limits]] have been shifted from per-hour to per-minute, producing smoother traffic patterns and more predictable API load. Community users are not expected to be affected, and no action is required. Early indications show some User-Agent-based requestors are adjusting behaviour, and around 64% of automated API traffic has been identified. Monitoring continues, and Wikimedia Enterprise remains available for commercial support. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.27|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/19|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W19"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:43, 4 Gicurasi 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30498077 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-20</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W20"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/20|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Community Tech has published [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/How to write a good wish|new guidance]] explaining how wishes on Community Wishlist are triaged and prioritized. The documentation is intended to help contributors write stronger proposals by clarifying the factors that influence prioritization decisions. Beyond vote counts, the guidance highlights considerations such as potential impact on the community when determining which wishes move forward. '''Updates for editors''' * The Reader Growth team is launching an experiment to test a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader_Growth/Share_Card|Share Card feature]] that allows readers to create visually engaging cards from Wikipedia articles or selected article sections and share them online, with each card linking back to the original article to help expand readership and article discovery. The mobile-only A/B test will be available to a portion of readers on Arabic, Chinese, French, Vietnamese, and English Wikipedia to better understand reading and sharing habits, and is scheduled to begin the week of May 18 and run for four weeks. * The Android and iOS Wikipedia apps recently released the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/25th_Birthday_Reading_Challenge|25-day reading challenge]] into Beta, as part of efforts to drive reader engagement by encouraging users to complete reading milestones. To track their reading streak during the challenge, App users can add a widget featuring Baby Globe to their home screen. The challenge officially begins May 11. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:17}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:17|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where the global preference for enabling syntax highlighting in wikitext could unexpectedly disable itself after being turned on, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T425286] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The ResourceLoader module <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mediawiki.ui.input</nowiki></code></bdi>, deprecated since [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/39|September 2023]], will be removed this week. There is a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Migrating_from_MediaWiki_UI|guide for migrating from MediaWiki UI to Codex]] for any tools that use it. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T420125] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.2|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/20|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W20"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:20, 11 Gicurasi 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30524429 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-21</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W21"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/21|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Abstract Wikipedia team has identified five potential pilot wikis to assess their interest in adopting abstract articles on their wikis. The pilots are Malayalam, Bengali, Dagbani, Arabic, and Indonesian Wikipedia. The feedback period will be open until May 22. If your community is interested in becoming a pilot, [[m:Talk:Abstract Wikipedia|let us know on Meta]]. '''Updates for editors''' * An experiment to show [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|Reading Lists]] to logged-out readers on mobile web will launch on May 18 across German, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, Polish, Dutch, Turkish, and Urdu Wikipedias, and will run for one month. The effort supports broader goals of helping readers save and organize articles for later reading, while encouraging habits that could lead to future Wikipedia contributions. * To support a bookmark button in the Reading List beta feature, the "Tools > Action" menu has been updated to display icons, including the watch star indicator that helps editors identify temporarily watched articles. The icons now also match those used on mobile, improving consistency across platforms. The change is currently limited to the actions menu and mainly affects editors with privileged user rights. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T426008] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|Suggestion Mode]] was released as an [[w:en:A/B test|A/B test]] for newcomer editors on the mobile website at [[phab:T421189|~15 Wikipedias]]. The experiment will measure the impact that Suggestion Mode has on the proportion of newcomer mobile web edit sessions that result in constructive (un-reverted) article edits. The experiment will also evaluate the feature's impact on editor retention, and monitor changes in revert and block rates. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue in the Wikipedia Android app where images could sometimes fail to load after opening a recommended reading list notification, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418231] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata Platform|Wikidata Platform team]] has published its [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update/Backend Replacement|backend replacement recommendation]] and accompanying [[wikitech:Wikidata Query Service/WDQS Architecture re-design|technical architecture]] for the migration of the Wikidata Query Service (WDQS) away from Blazegraph. Feedback is invited until May 25th 2026, especially on potential gaps and impacts on advanced use cases. Wikidata community members and WDQS users are also encouraged to help identify high-impact tools and workflows that may need attention on [[d:Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update/High-Impact Use Cases|this page]]. Feedback can be shared on the [[d:Wikidata talk:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update|Migration talk page]] or during the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Blazegraph Migration Office Hours|next office hour]]. See the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Wikidata Platform team/Newsletter|WDP team newsletter]] for more details. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.3|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * On English, French, Japanese, and a few other Wikipedias, there was a [[diffblog:2025/09/02/better-detecting-bots-and-replacing-our-captcha/|trial of hCaptcha]], a third-party bot detection service. The trial showed that hCaptcha effectively detects and deters some bad-faith automated activity, on its own and by giving [[w:en:Wikipedia:Village pump (technical)/Archive 225#Introducing SuggestedInvestigations|checkusers and stewards]] signals to look into. Because the results were positive, hCaptcha will be rolled out across all wikis over the next few weeks. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Anti-abuse signals/hCaptcha|See the hCaptcha project page]] for technical information about the implementation and privacy protections. [[diffblog:2026/05/04/better-detecting-bots-and-replacing-our-captcha-part-2/|Learn more]]. * The latest Community Tech update is now available, with progress across several Community Wishlist initiatives, including Reading Lists expansion from the mobile app to the website, new language support for "Who Wrote That" and the Personal Dashboard, improvements to 3D rendering and Charts, and upcoming work on talk page sorting, audio playback, and editing workflows. The update also shares current priorities, wishlist status trends, and opportunities for community feedback on future focus areas and the Wikimedia Foundation’s 2026–2027 Annual Plan. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates#May 13, 2026: Latest updates from the Community Tech team|Read the full newsletter for details]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/21|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W21"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:22, 18 Gicurasi 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30539262 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-22</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W22"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/22|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Following a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#LOWM|successful account creation experiment]], an improved logged-out edit warning message will be deployed to all Wikimedia wikis in the first week of June. The change will only affect logged-out users on mobile web who open an editing session. The updated experience is designed to encourage account creation more clearly, while still allowing users to edit with temporary accounts. Results from the experiment showed a significant increase in account creation, with a 27% relative lift among users shown the updated message. As expected, as more people funnel into account creation, temporary accounts decreased by a relative 16%. The experiment did not show any significant changes in constructive edit rates or other monitored contributor metrics. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424595] '''Updates for editors''' * For security reasons, members of certain user groups are [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Mandatory two-factor authentication for users with some extended rights|required to have two-factor authentication]] (2FA) enabled. Members of these groups will be unable to disable the last 2FA method on their account, and it will be impossible to add users without 2FA to these groups. Users will still be able to add new authentication methods or remove them, as long as at least one method is continuously enabled. In the next few weeks, users without 2FA will be removed from these groups. Notably, this applies to bureaucrats. See the linked tasks for deployment schedules. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423119][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423120] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes]] will run an [[w:en:A/B testing|A/B test]] on [[:phab:T415904|10 wikis]], testing [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/Reference Previews|potential improvements for Reference Previews]]. The experiment will run for ~2 weeks at the end of May / beginning of June and will affect 10% of desktop readers on the participating wikis. * After two successful experiments, the Reader Growth team is rolling out an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Image Browsing|Image Browsing]] beta feature for all Wikipedias on mobile on May 25. This means that anyone who has all beta features on by default will start to see this feature, and others can check the box to turn it on in their preferences. The beta feature will include a carousel of all an article's images at the top of the article, with controls for editors to [[mw:Readers/Reader_Growth/Image_Browsing#Phase_2.1_beta_feature|exclude images from the article's carousel or to exclude an article from the feature entirely]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, three dimensional STL files were being rendered incorrectly by the media viewer 3D extension which is now fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416723] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The legacy CSS classes <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>tleft</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>tright</nowiki></code></bdi> have been replaced with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>floatleft</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>floatright</nowiki></code></bdi> as the former do not work consistently across all MediaWiki platforms, notably mobile web and mobile apps. Projects relying on these classes are encouraged to review related usage and plan for migration. Please note that <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>floatleft</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>floatright</nowiki></code></bdi> may also be deprecated in future, although there are currently no plans to do so. [[phab:T426452|Read more]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.4|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/22|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W22"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:52, 25 Gicurasi 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30584502 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-23</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W23"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/23|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Reader Experience team]] is conducting an experiment to show the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|reading lists]] feature, which is still in development, to logged-out mobile readers to test whether it encourages account creation at a higher rate compared to the watchstar button. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists#Experiment timeline|experiment]] was launched on May 18th on German, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, Polish, Dutch, Turkish, and Urdu wikis, and it will run for a month. * The Wikimedia Apps team released [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Explore Feed Refresh/Phase 1|Phase 1]] of the redesigned Home Feed to the Android Beta app. The new Home Feed includes a refreshed "Community" tab and a personalized "For You" tab featuring daily updated reading recommendations. The redesign is part of a broader effort to improve content discovery and create more engaging learning experiences in the Wikipedia apps. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:18}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:18|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where images could fail to load for some suggested edits on [[w:Special:Homepage|Special:Homepage]], leaving the thumbnail stuck in a loading state, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424048] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.5|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/23|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W23"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:09, 1 Kamena 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30613639 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-24</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W24"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/24|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Wikimedia Enterprise has increased the free usage limits for its API offerings. The monthly request limit for the On-demand API has increased from 5,000 to 50,000 requests, while the Snapshot API limit has increased from 15 to 30 requests per month. In addition, Structured Contents snapshots are now available for free accounts. These changes expand access to Wikimedia Enterprise data for developers, researchers, and organizations using Wikimedia content. [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/enhanced-free-api] '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/Explore Feed Refresh/Phase 1|refreshed Explore Feed]], now called the Home Feed, is rolling out to 50% of users of the Wikipedia Android app. The Home Feed helps readers discover relevant content through two new tabs: ''Community'' and ''For You''. The Community tab provides a scrollable feed of curated content and updates from the broader Wikimedia community and movement, while the ''For You'' tab offers a full-screen, swipeable experience that shows content tailored to a user's interests. The redesign is part of a broader effort to improve discovery and enhance the learning experience in the Wikipedia app. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/"Which came first?" Game|Which came first?]] daily trivia game is now available in the beta version of the Wikipedia iOS app in English, German, French, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, Arabic, Chinese, and Turkish. The game uses historical events from Wikipedia's "On This Day" content and challenges readers to guess which of two events happened first. The game was previously released on Android. Communities interested in making the game available in their languages can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/Games#Game availability by language|read the instructions and requirements]]. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]], a new MediaWiki feature that allows editors to reuse references with different details, will begin rolling out to Wikimedia wikis following a successful pilot phase. Deployment will start on 8 June for most [[wikitech:Deployments/Train#Wednesday|Group 1 wikis]] and French Wikipedia, with additional Wikipedia language editions receiving the feature over the coming months. Communities are encouraged to prepare by checking for [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&group=ext-cite&language=en&action_source=search&filter=%21translated&optional=1&action=translate untranslated Cite extension messages] in their language and reviewing any use of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reference Tooltips|Reference Tooltips]], which may require [[:phab:T416304#11668731|updates]] to support the new functionality. Wikis using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Reference Previews|Reference Previews]] do not need to take any action. Communities may also wish to create the ''cite-tracking-category-ref-details'' [[Special:TrackingCategories|tracking category]] as a hidden category using <code><nowiki>__HIDDENCAT__</nowiki></code> (or a dedicated template), and connect it to the corresponding Wikidata item [[d:Q129764848]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T425662] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Mobile page previews#Experimentation|Page Previews experiment]] on mobile web has concluded. The team decided not to roll out the feature after the results showed no statistically significant impact on reader retention, as the primary success metric was retention improvement. Page Previews, which are already available on desktop and in the apps, display a thumbnail, lead paragraph, and link to the full article when readers tap a blue link. The experiment tested this experience on mobile web across six Wikipedias. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Design/Icons|user interface icon library]] will be [[phab:T399175|updated later this week or next week]]. Most of the ~300 icons have been slightly refined and ~30 new icons have been added. These changes improve the icons to make them more consistent and comprehensible, and provide more visual balance when they are used in groups. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Language Selector|Universal Language Selector]] (ULS) interface in MediaWiki, which helps users select content in other languages, has been updated. The new version improves speed and accessibility, and users of Wikimedia projects can now pin languages for quicker language switching. The deployment to Wikimedia sites will happen gradually in the coming weeks. You can test it now as a beta feature by selecting [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta features]] in your profile preferences and share your feedback on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Language Selector/New ULS|the project page]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where the Pageviews Analysis dashboard on pageviews.wmcloud.org stopped updating graph data in May 2026, affecting all users, has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427171] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The function signature for <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mw.util.addPortletLink()</nowiki></code></bdi> has been simplified. Developers can now pass a configuration object instead of a list of positional parameters when creating portlet links. The previous function signature remains supported for backwards compatibility. For example, instead of: <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mw.util.addPortletLink('p-cactions', '#', 'Stub', 'ca-stubtag', 'Add a stub tag to this page');</nowiki></code></bdi> use <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mw.util.addPortletLink('p-cactions', { href: '#', text: 'Stub', id: 'ca-stubtag', tooltip: 'Add a stub tag to this page' });</nowiki></code></bdi>. Script maintainers are encouraged to review existing uses of <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>addPortletLink()</nowiki></code></bdi> and update them where appropriate. This change will be available on all wikis from 11 June. Thanks to community volunteer Gerges for contributing this improvement. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427945] * '''Community Wishlist discussion''': Product & Technology [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates#May 20, 2026: Community Tech becomes a program|introduced changes]] meant to increase the number and complexity of wishes fulfilled, including the disbanding of the Community Tech team. They are [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates|engaging in discussions]] about a [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist#Proposed direction for Wishlist|proposed direction for the wishlist]] from community members. Includes ways to structure annual voting, better tracking of wishes, removing focus areas, and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates|staffing updates]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.6|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/24|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W24"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:30, 8 Kamena 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30650573 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-25</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W25"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/25|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth|Reader Growth team]] has launched an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Image Browsing|Image Browsing]] beta feature on the mobile web version of all Wikipedias. The feature shows an image carousel at the top of articles with 3 or more images. Editors can configure this feature with the following controls: to hide a specific image from a page, either use <code>class=notpageimage</code> excluding it from thumbnail previews, or <code>class=noviewer</code> excluding it from MediaViewer. The carousel can also be disabled from a page entirely, with the magic word <code><nowiki>__NOMEDIAVIEWERCAROUSEL__</nowiki></code>. To submit feedback or flag bugs, please visit the [[mw:Talk:Readers/Reader Growth/Image Browsing|project page]]. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Tables#class="wikitable"|Wikitables]] can now be [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Sortable tables#Forcing the initial sort direction|sorted in descending order]] on the first click by adding <code dir=ltr>data-sort-order="desc"</code> to the header cell. Previously, by default, clicking a column header for the first time sorts it in ascending order. This addition to a Wikitable gives it more control and flexibility, while the default behavior for subsequent clicks remains unchanged. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398416] '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|Article guidance]] feature is currently being tested with some editors creating new articles on the Simple English, French, and Turkish Wikipedias. The experiment will soon begin on the Arabic and Bangla Wikipedias as well. [[w:simple:Special:NewArticle|This feature]] gives editors community-curated guidance to help them create articles that follow community standards. Experienced editors can continue creating or adapting outlines for specific article types that are commonly created by less experienced contributors. The outlines guide less experienced editors in creating high-quality articles. A quick guide to markups used in outlines can be found on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Test feature guide#Markups in outlines|this page]]. [[w:simple:Wikipedia:Article Guidance|Example outlines]] that can be adapted and instructions for how to adapt them are on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance#Adapting a sample outline in a Wikipedia|this section]] of the project page. * Wikis that wish to replace the "indefinitely" button in Special:Block for temporary accounts (for example, wikis that block temporary users only until account expiration) will be able to do so by creating [[MediaWiki:ipb-indefinite-expiry-temporary-account]] with the block duration they want. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427125] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:41}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:41|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * By the end of June, a valid user-agent string will be required for automated dumps downloads from the dumps.wikimedia.org website. Automated requests that provide a generic or empty user-agent will be blocked. This [[phab:T400119|extends enforcement]] of the long standing [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Wikimedia Foundation User-Agent Policy|user-agent policy]]. Access to dumps through Wikimedia Cloud Services will not change. * The roll out of global [[mw:Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|API rate limits]] is now complete, with limits enforced across all APIs and at the documented levels for all groups. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki remain exempt. All bots should continue to follow the documented best practices to avoid being rate limited. * The [https://api.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page API Portal wiki] will be read only starting this week (June 15-18). The following week (June 22-25), all API Portal wiki URLs will redirect to [[mw:Wikimedia APIs|Wikimedia APIs on mediawiki.org]]. Learn more on the [[wikitech:API Portal/Deprecation|project page]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.7|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * On June 17th at 6pm UTC the WMF will be holding Discord call focused on a code review. We've heard through the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Developer Satisfaction Survey/2026|Developer Satisfaction Survey]] that volunteers are struggling with code review and we'd like to discuss these experiences with the goal of surfacing workable solutions. You can join the call [https://discord.gg/wikipedia?event=1514727511102062664 via the Wikimedia Community Discord server]. * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Conferencia Wikimedia de América Latina 2026|Latin American Wikimedia Conference]] will host a regional hackathon that will bring together the Wikimedia movement’s technical community including developers, system administrators, data scientists, and users with extended rights. Interested technical contributors can [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSf4osJzTHBJjQbYJk7TMVEJjTEQv7IgtsUDfP-o-qTgeRQQxw/viewform apply for a scholarship] to participate until June 21 at midnight (Bolivia time, UTC-4). * Sign up for Wikimania Team Challenges to join this special event. The Team challenges will take place online and in person from July 21 to 22, before Wikimania conference. Everyone is welcome, regardless of skills or Wikimania registration. Teams will work on 10 important challenges supporting the Wikimedia community. For details, visit [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2026:Team challenges|the Team Challenges page]] and [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/wm/teamchallenges/ register there]. Registration closes on June 20th at 11pm UTC. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/25|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W25"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16:49, 15 Kamena 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30689604 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-26</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W26"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/26|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature summary|Growth features]] are [[phab:T418115|now available at Wikidata]]. This update enables access to Mentorship ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Mentorship|if configured]]), Impact module, the Help Panel, and a simplified Newcomer Homepage (without Suggested Edits). Wikidata administrators are still configuring the features through Community Configuration. '''Updates for editors''' * The special page [[{{#special:RangeCalculator}}]] has been created. It allows users to find an IP range without needing to rely on external tools. Until now, this tool was only available to CheckUsers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T268429] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]] is a new MediaWiki feature that allows editors to reuse references with different details. It will be deployed to most small and medium-sized Wikipedia language versions on June 23. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#deployment|FAQ]] lists possible actions to take on your wiki to support the deployment. Check the [[:phab:T414094|rollout plan]] for the next deployment steps. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T428902] * Starting next week, users will get a notification when they are blocked or unblocked from editing, or if this block changes. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T100974] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Starting next week, abuse filters that are set to "require CAPTCHA verification" will begin to also affect users with the <code>skipcaptcha</code> right, which includes most autoconfirmed users. Bots are exempted. This change only affects edits that trigger an abuse filter. The <code>skipcaptcha</code> right will continue to exempt users from having to solve CAPTCHAs in the ordinary course of using the wikis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402595] * Reference documentation for the [[wikitech:Machine_Learning/LiftWing/API|Lift Wing API]] has moved from the API Portal to the interactive [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?api=lift-wing&title=Special%3ARestSandbox REST Sandbox]. * The API Portal wiki is now closed. For API documentation, see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_APIs|Wikimedia APIs on mediawiki.org]]. All API Portal wiki URLs (https://api.wikimedia.org/wiki/) will redirect to the mediawiki.org page starting June 22. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427537] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.8|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * Join an online call on 25 June at 2:30pm UTC to meet the current Wikimedia interns for [[mw:Google_Summer_of_Code/2026|Google Summer of Code]] and [[mw:Outreachy/Round_32|Outreachy]]. Interns will provide an overview of their projects and a brief demo of their work so far. Attendees are encouraged to [[mw:event:Google_Summer_of_Code/Summer_2026_June_Internship_open_session|share ideas and connections in their community]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/26|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W26"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 13:05, 23 Kamena 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30722494 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-27</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W27"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/27|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * As part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments|Account Creation Experiments]], the Growth team tested adding a user account icon in the mobile web header for logged-out users, providing direct access to "Create account" and "Log in" actions. The experiment increased account creation by about 20% without negatively affecting edit quality or constructive edit rates. The feature will now be rolled out to all Wikimedia Foundation wikis on mobile web in the first week of July. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T428220] * After a [[phab:T426248|successful experiment]], logged-in users who did not [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Email_confirmation|confirm their email address]] when their account was created see a new banner asking them to complete that process. This helps reduce the risk that users get locked out of their account, and makes account email addresses overall more reliable. This is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Account Security]] project. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T428292] * An update to [[Special:Search|Search]] is refining how the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>-prefix:</nowiki></code></bdi> behaves when used to exclude results. Previously, using <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>-prefix:</nowiki></code></bdi> with negation could unintentionally broaden search results by adding the namespaces included in the search scope, leading to confusing behavior for users expecting a straightforward exclusion filter. With the update, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>-prefix:</nowiki></code></bdi> will now strictly exclude matching page titles as intended and may display a warning if the relevant namespace has not been explicitly selected. The behavior of <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>prefix:</nowiki></code></bdi> without negation however remains unchanged. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427443] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:33}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:33|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where reviewers using the Page Curation toolbar were not automatically subscribed to talk page discussions they started has now been fixed. Reviewers will now receive notifications when someone replies to those discussions. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T329346] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Starting June 29th, automated downloads from the dumps.wikimedia.org website will be subject to the [[Foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Wikimedia Foundation User-Agent Policy|user-agent policy]]. Automated requests that provide a generic or empty user-agent will be blocked. Access to dumps through Wikimedia Cloud Services remains unaffected. This is a follow up to the announcement made in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/25|2026/25 issue of Tech News]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.9|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/27|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W27"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 11:48, 29 Kamena 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30744833 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-28</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W28"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/28|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:34}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:34|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where the search bar results on Wikidata, showed English results instead of using the correct language fallback for users of language variants, has now been fixed. Search suggestions will now follow the expected language fallback chain. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T429769] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * In preparation for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Celebrate Women|Celebrate Women campaign]] planned for March 2027, the Wikimedia Foundation’s [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Advancement/Community Growth/Content Enablement|Content Enablement team]] has launched a 22-question survey to better understand technical contributions by women+ (anyone who identifies as a woman) across Wikimedia projects. The survey takes approximately 15–20 minutes to complete and will remain open until 20 July 2026. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Celebrate Women/Technical contributions survey|questions]] are also available on-wiki for review in advance. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Score|Score extension]] now supports rendering music scores as SVG images in addition to PNG, addressing a long-standing [[:phab:T49578|feature request]] and resolving historical image quality issues. Both formats are now provided to clients, with PNG in the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>src</nowiki></code></bdi> attribute and SVG in the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>srcset</nowiki></code></bdi> attribute. * The new [[wikitech:Parsoid|Parsoid]] parser [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser_Unification/Updates|continues to be deployed to additional wikis]], making it easier to introduce new reading and editing features. It was enabled on French Wikipedia, bringing total progress to covering 78.9% of Wikipedia page views. Rollout to English Wikipedia desktop will progress through this week. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.10|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The Wikimedia Hackathon 2026 [[diffblog:2026/06/29/wikimedia-hackathon-2026-building-collaborating-and-shaping-the-future-together/|recap blog post]] is now live. It highlights the projects, sessions, and social activities from this year’s event, and shares initial plans for the 2027 Wikimedia Hackathon. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/28|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W28"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 13:57, 6 Nyakanga 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30773578 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-29</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W29"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/29|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Revise_Tone|Revise Tone]] helps newcomers identify passages in Wikipedia articles that may contain non-encyclopedic language and encourages them to consider revising the tone. The feature was [[w:en:A/B_testing|A/B tested]] on the Arabic, English, French, and Portuguese Wikipedias, where newcomer task completion rates [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Revise_Tone#Experiment_Results|increased by 38.7%]] compared to the default Copyedit task, with no decrease in edit quality. The test ended on July 9, and the feature is now available for everyone on these wikis, configurable via Community Configuration. [[phab:T426364|The plan]] is to release Revise Tone to more wikis. * The community configuration that allows [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Mentorship#Automated mentor list cleanup|automatic removal of inactive mentors]] based on configurable criteria will be enabled on Thursday 16, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Deployment|on some wikis]] to keep mentor lists up to date. Mentors are experienced contributors who opt in to help new users on-wiki through the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature summary|Growth Features]]. Administrators can now prepare the settings via [[w:Special:CommunityConfiguration/Mentorship|Special:CommunityConfiguration/Mentorship]]; they will take effect starting Thursday. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:38}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:38|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where some users of the Wikipedia Android app were logged out immediately after signing in, preventing them from staying logged in and editing pages, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T316916] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Editing a page via user scripts or gadgets was causing watchlist labels that the user had assigned to that page to reset. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423778] * To work around a Safari bug (see [[phab:T425211]]), on Parsoid-enabled wikis, wikilink hrefs now use absolute urls instead of protocol-relative urls. REST API output remains unchanged and continue to use protocol-relative urls. Gadgets, user scripts, bots, and CSS might need to be adapted if they relied on the presence of protocol-relative urls in wikilink hrefs. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T431358] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.11|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The Wikimedia Foundation’s Experiment Platform Team has published a blog post reflecting on its first year of structured experimentation. It highlights successful experiments such as Paste Check, Reference Check, and Tone Check, which improved editing outcomes and have been rolled out to more users, as well as experiments that did not lead to product changes. [[diffblog:2026/07/07/moving-the-needle-how-we-test-new-ideas-across-wikimedia-projects|Read more]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/29|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W29"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16:12, 13 Nyakanga 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30804401 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-30</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W30"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/30|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reader/Reader Experience|Reader Experience team]] has incorporated community feedback around the placement of watchstar and watchlist buttons for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4 Reading lists|Reading Lists beta feature]], which would allow for saving articles for later reading – a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/W102|wishlist item]] to bring the functionality to web. Editors are invited to enable the beta feature to test it out and [[phab:T426453|share their thoughts]]. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|Suggestion Mode]] offers edit suggestions within the VisualEditor for improving Wikipedia articles. [[Special:EditChecks|All suggestions]] are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Suggestion mode#For administrators – local customization|community-configurable]]. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/TextMatch|TextMatch]] feature is a way for volunteers to create custom local suggestions. The feature searches in articles for strings of text, and now includes support for regular expressions. This gives volunteers greater precision and flexibility over the kinds of local suggestions they can create. Note: Suggestions [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Configuration#:~:text=maximumEditcount|can be targeted]] based on the edit count of the person editing as well as other aspects of the page. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Suggestion mode#Create custom local types of Suggestions|find examples from other communities]] for inspiration, including TextMatches that detect: typos, grammar-errors, potential advertisements, clichés, incorrect dash or hyphen usage, non-specific time keywords, outdated names, and more. Any [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|feedback]] is appreciated. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where the SVG Translate tool could use an outdated version of a file, causing existing translations to be overwritten when new ones were uploaded, has now [[phab:T430577|been fixed]]. Overall, in the last quarter from April – June 2026 about 337 community tasks were resolved by the Wikimedia Foundation. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * On Parsoid-enabled wikis, Parsoid now renders a maximum of 1,250 images per page. A new tracking category, "media-limit-reached", will be soon made available to identify pages where this limit is reached, making it easier to find content whose media output may have been restricted during rendering. See [[phab:T430854]] for more information and to provide feedback. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.12|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/30|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W30"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 05:47, 21 Nyakanga 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30836091 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-31</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W31"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/31|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/ContentTranslation|Content Translation]] now supports dark mode, fulfilling a [[m:Community Wishlist/W544|Community Wishlist request]]. This brings the tool in line with the accessibility features available in the Vector 2022 and Minerva skins, helping reduce visual fatigue for users translating content. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T367077] * DiscussionTools' source mode and the 2017 wikitext editor will now offer autocomplete for links (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>[[</nowiki></code></bdi>), templates (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>{{</nowiki></code></bdi>), HTML and parser tags (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki><</nowiki></code></bdi>), and magic words (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>__</nowiki></code></bdi>), making it quicker and easier to insert links, templates, and other wiki markup while editing. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T432400] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Mobile page previews|Readers Growth team]] has concluded its experiment with mobile page previews and will not roll out the feature. Page Previews are a pop-up bottom sheet that appears when readers tap a blue link, showing a thumbnail, lead paragraph, and an option to open the article. The experiment showed flat retention and negative indicator metrics, suggesting that mobile web readers preferred navigating directly to linked articles rather than using page previews. * The Reader Experience team has seen encouraging early results from the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|Reading Lists feature]], with 93% of participating users reporting that it was useful. Reading Lists help active readers save articles for future reading and support their learning goals on Wikimedia projects. The team plans further improvements before expanding the feature to more users. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Explore Feed Refresh|Explore Feed Refresh]] initiative was tested with new and casual Wikipedia app readers. The refreshed feed helps readers discover new and relevant content. After a 10.5% increase in engagement with the feed, Wikimedia Apps team has decided to scale the Home Feed redesign to iOS with the learnings from the Android release applied. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where subject names in the Article Guidance feature were displayed with incorrect capitalization on French Wikipedia, has now been fixed. Subject names will now follow the correct capitalization rules for the language. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427201] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * After running several [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments|Account Creation Experiments]] to improve registration completion rates, a new version of the username field on [[Special:CreateAccount|Create Account]] has been rolled out. It includes [[:c:File:Create account - July 2026 updates.png|a popover summarizing the username policy]] to provide clearer guidance during account creation. As part of this change, the messages <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>createacct-helpusername</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>createacct-username-help</nowiki></code></bdi> that several communities have configured will no longer be used. If communities want to customize the guidance shown in the new popover, they can instead edit the following messages: <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>createacct-username-policy-popover-bullet1</nowiki></code></bdi>, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>createacct-username-policy-popover-bullet2</nowiki></code></bdi>, and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>createacct-username-policy-popover-bullet3</nowiki></code></bdi>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T430604] * Later this week, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror syntax highlighter]] will offer [[w:en:Theme (computing)|themes]]. The themes can be picked from a dropdown menu in the full [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#CodeMirror preferences|CodeMirror preferences]] dialog. For wikitext, available themes are default, colorblind-friendly (previously the colorblind preference option on [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing]]) and no-highlighting. For code languages (i.e., CSS/JavaScript/JSON/Vue/Lua), there are several themes available. These same themes will eventually be available for wikitext, too. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T163533] * From now on, wikis can restrict editing in the "User" namespace to only the page owner and certain user groups. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:$wgRestrictUserPageEditing|Read the configuration documentation]] to learn more. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.14|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/31|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W31"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:50, 27 Nyakanga 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30856308 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-32</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W32"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/32|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Reader Experience team]] has developed a [https://82db7c8d4b.catalyst.wmcloud.org/w/index.php?title=Regent%27s_Park&uselang=de patch demo] that wraps the page toolbar onto two lines when there is not enough horizontal space for all the buttons. This aims to reduce crowding in the Vector 2022 toolbar, which can occur on some language Wikipedias at certain screen widths. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T429518] * The Reader Experience team is planning to launch [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|Reading Lists]], a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Mobile and apps/Have Apps reading lists available on Destop/Mobile|Community Wishlist item]], which is currently available to try in beta, as a full feature in September. Before then, volunteer translator help is needed for [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&group=ext-readinglists&filter=&action=translate string translations] into a number of languages. The feature supports reading and learning goals on Wikipedia. * Next week, the table of contents on Wikimedia Commons file pages will be improved by consolidating the file page table of contents with the page table of contents. This will make it easier to understand a file page’s structure, navigate to specific sections, and share links to individual sections. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T332644] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:24}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:24|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where some [[w:TIFF|TIFF]] images failed to load after clicking their thumbnail, causing a broken image to be displayed instead of the full-size image, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T429326] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The variable and function selector in AbuseFilter has been updated to support search and autocomplete. It will allow filter maintainers to find the desired variable or function more quickly. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T323698] * The MJPEG and VP8 formats are removed from the video player. The MP4 format (MPEG-4 Part 2) is added instead, which provides higher quality videos to older iPhone devices. It may take a few weeks to retroactively update all existing videos. The default format for modern devices stays the same (VP9/WebM). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358266] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.15|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/32|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W32"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:47, 3 Kanama 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30872536 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-33</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W33"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/33|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] A new ChartWizard is [[c:Special:ChartWizard/Data:Example.Pie.chart|now available on Wikimedia Commons]] for users interested in creating charts from their own data. The wizard makes the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Chart extension]] more beginner-friendly by allowing editors to create charts, such as bar and pie charts, without needing to use JSON. Users can still switch to the JSON editor if they prefer. Feedback on the new tool is welcome on the [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist/W414|wish talk page]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:19}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:19|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where the Wikipedia iOS app’s Picture of the Day widget displayed the same image every day instead of updating daily, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T430692] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Math|Math formula]] SVG images will soon be generated in the browser instead of on the server. MathML continues to be generated on the server and renders in the browser without JavaScript. Wikibooks will see this change on 12 August, Wikisource on 19 August and Wikipedia from 20-27 August. You can try this by selecting "{{int:Mw-math-mathjax}}" in your preferences. This change is part of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/RESTBase/deprecation|deprecating RESTBase]] and [[phab:T431372|deprecating Mathoid]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T271001] * Category pages will soon support sorting entries by the time they are added to a category. This will make it easier to find recently or long-standing categorized pages. It will also improve workflows for maintenance categories such as deletion backlogs and other time-based review tasks. You can use <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>cldsort=timestamp</nowiki></code></bdi> URL argument in category view to sort the entries. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433768] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets|Gadgets]] and user scripts on Wikimedia wikis may now use [[phab:T395347|ES2018 features]] and [[phab:T419142|ES2019 features]] in JavaScript code. Previously, the platform only allowed up to ES2017. MediaWiki validates the source code to protect functionality from syntax errors and to ensure scripts are valid in all [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Compatibility#Browser_support_matrix|supported browsers]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419142] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.16|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/33|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W33"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:46, 10 Kanama 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30901051 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-34</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W34"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/34|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Registration/Worklist|Worklist feature]] for the Event Registration tool is now live on all Wikimedia wikis. With Worklist, event organizers can add the articles their event will focus on directly to the event page. The Worklist also powers [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Registration/Worklist#How Event Pathways uses the worklist|Event Pathways]] which notifies other editors of the upcoming or ongoing event when they edit an article featured in the event's Worklist. This is the minimum viable version (MVP), and feedback is welcome. Organizers are encouraged to try the feature. A hands-on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Worklist Setup Workshop: Get Your Event Ready|Worklist Setup Workshop]] will take place on 18 August at 16:00 UTC and 19 August at 11:00 UTC. '''Updates for editors''' * [[Special:ShortPages]] displays short pages by their size, but in many cases it gets filled with disambiguations and soft redirects, making it harder to find the short articles themselves. Starting this weekend, you will be able to choose not to include an article in the special page by adding the magic word <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>__EXPECTSHORTPAGE__</nowiki></code></bdi>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433203] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia/en}} in [[d:Q3436680|Bole]] ([[w:bol:|<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>w:bol:</nowiki></code></bdi>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T429921] * Starting the week of August 17, the page toolbar will wrap onto two lines when there is not enough horizontal space for all the buttons. This is a [[phab:T429518|fully merged patch from the Reader Experience team]] which aims to reduce crowding in the Vector 2022 toolbar, that may occur on some language Wikipedias at certain screen widths. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:16}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:16|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, uploading large files to Wikimedia Commons has become more stable and less prone to failure following some fixes related to the “Could not acquire lock” upload error. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386640] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Debian Bullseye will reach the end of its Long Term Support on 31 August 2026. [[phab:T434103|Some Cloud VPS projects]] still have instances running Debian Bullseye. Maintainers of those projects are encouraged to migrate to Debian Bookworm or Debian Trixie. A [[wikitech:Help:Cloud VPS instance operating system migration|migration guide]] is available to help with the process, and users may also want to consider whether their workload is better suited to Toolforge. If you need help or cannot complete the migration by 31 August, please contact the Cloud VPS admins as soon as possible. [[listarchive:list/cloud-announce@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/RVIPQSYLKMSL5M46JP6NEJVGVE6I2RXQ/|Read more]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.16|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/34|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W34"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:04, 17 Kanama 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30922806 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-35</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W35"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/35|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[Special:CreateAccount|Special:CreateAccount]] page has been simplified as part of ongoing work to modernize the account creation experience. The panel showing project statistics no longer appears next to the form on desktop and mobile web. Multiple account creation experiments show that a simpler form helps newcomers complete registration. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433783] * In order to improve page performance, images now load when they are viewed. This means images lower down an article will not load if a reader never scrolls to that part of the page, which may affect some image-related metrics. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T148047] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:42}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:42|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where image thumbnails in Abstract Wikipedia could fail to display after the corresponding file was moved on Wikimedia Commons, has now been fixed. Thumbnails will now update correctly when files are moved. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433448] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * User Info card is a feature that helps patrollers see information about user accounts. So far, it has been available only in places such as page history, logs and recent changes. Now, it's possible to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CheckUser#User_Info_card_in_page_content|place it in the page content]] as well, using the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>{{#uic:}}</nowiki></code></bdi> parser function. It can be particularly useful in templates like [[:en:Template:Userlinks|<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>{{Userlinks}}</nowiki></code></bdi>]] (or their specialized variants), as it will make it easier to see the context about a user on various noticeboard pages. The card will be displayed only to users who have it enabled in their [[Special:Preferences#mw-input-wpcheckuser-userinfocard-enable|preferences]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424466] * Due to user security and privacy risks, we have disabled access to <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>Special:MyPage</nowiki></code></bdi> URLs when specifically using <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=raw</nowiki></code></bdi>. If you are impacted by this, consider whether you can use an alternative approach. <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>Special:MyPage</nowiki></code></bdi> URLs can still be accessed and used without <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=raw</nowiki></code></bdi>. Specified user page URLs (e.g. <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>User:Myusername</nowiki></code></bdi>) can still be used with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=raw</nowiki></code></bdi>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T120386] * Due to an update, the thumbnailing software has been improved. This includes upgrading <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>librsvg</nowiki></code></bdi> to 2.60 and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>ImageMagick</nowiki></code></bdi> to 7, as well as resolving a number of long-standing thumbnailing bugs like rendering errors. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419815#12222841] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.17|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/35|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W35"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:46, 24 Kanama 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30961208 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-36</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W36"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/36|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * A new format for the Community Wishlist is open for feedback. You can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Community Wishlist 2027|read the proposed ideas on Meta]]. This new process plans to improve how wishes are triaged, voted on, and prioritized in a way that is transparent and balanced across project families and language editions. This consultation is open for two weeks. '''Updates for editors''' * The latest release of the Wikipedia Android app includes updates to the Saved feature, bringing the app’s saving experience closer to iOS and Web. The update redesigns the Saved tab with an “All articles” view, removes the default “Saved” reading list, renames reading lists to “Collections,” and modernizes the article-saving experience. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T420788] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|Reading Lists]] feature was enabled for all logged-in users on Bengali, Chinese, Czech and Vietnamese Wikipedias on August 25, after several months as a beta feature. Reading Lists will be available to all logged-in users on Arabic, French and Indonesian Wikipedias on September 1, followed by English Wikipedia on September 14, and all other Wikipedia wikis on September 28. * At the end of the month, some logged-out readers on Bengali, Czech, Persian, English, and Polish Wikipedias using the Minerva skin on mobile will see an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader_Growth/Minimal_Minerva|updated navigation bar]] in an [[w:A/B test|A/B test]]. The test will compare the current navigation bar with a new version designed to make it easier to find information more quickly. The goal is to determine whether these changes encourage readers to return more often. This experiment will not change the experience for logged-in readers and/or editors. * Editors who maintain redirects, templates, and categories used on redirect pages now have improved ways for finding and curating redirects. Previously, redirects pages could not be searched. Two new search keywords, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>onlyredirects:</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>withredirects:</nowiki></code></bdi>, now allow redirects to be searched directly and can be combined with existing keywords such as <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>incategory:</nowiki></code></bdi>, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>intitle:</nowiki></code></bdi>, and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>insource:</nowiki></code></bdi>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T204089] * The ISBN lookup tools for generating citations were recently not working because of external service problems. Developers are working on solutions. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T435179] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where searching for pages by category using <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>deepcat</nowiki></code></bdi> could return no results or unrelated results has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414859] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The domain of URLs for thumbnails is changing from upload.wikimedia.org to thumb.wikimedia.org. The old URLs will continue to work for the foreseeable future but MediaWiki will advertise the new domain instead. URLs to other types of media such as original files, videos and transcodes will still be served from upload.wikimedia.org. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427465] * The Wikimedia [https://www.mediawiki.org/w/index.php?api=wmf-math%2Fv1&title=Special%3ARestSandbox Math API] is now deprecated. These endpoints will be fully sunset by the end of September 2026. Developers who call these endpoints should transition to alternative math rendering solutions, such as the native [https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/MathML MathML] or [https://www.mathjax.org/ MathJax]. Third-party MediaWiki installations that utilize the Math extension for formula rendering are required to upgrade to v1.43+ to avoid disruption of service. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.18|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * Read more about [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit_check/TextMatch|TextMatch]] in a Diff post titled, [[diffblog:2026/08/28/custom-edit-suggestions-for-every-wiki-how-communities-are-shaping-suggestion-mode-with-textmatch/|Custom edit suggestions for every wiki: How communities are shaping Suggestion Mode with TextMatch]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/36|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W36"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:53, 31 Kanama 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30990659 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-37</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W37"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/37|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add_a_link|Add a Link]] has been upgraded for English Wikipedia users with improved detection of links that have different capitalization. This will help reduce ambiguous suggestions caused by differences in capitalization in article titles, including articles about cultural goods. A second phase of improvements is planned, which will also prepare the feature for release in other languages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T435526#12240876] [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T434259] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article_guidance|Article guidance]] feature will be enabled by default for junior editors on Simple English and Turkish Wikipedia starting 10 September 2026 following [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article_guidance/Updates#Summary_of_experiment_result|an experiment]]. Junior editors with 0 to 99 edits will automatically see the feature when they click a red link or use the "[[tr:Vikipedi:Madde_sihirbazı|Madde oluşturto]]" option on Turkish Wikipedia to create a new article. The change is intended to help junior editors create higher-quality articles that meet each Wikipedia’s standards. [[phab:maniphest/query/z3tcTjmLMxk5/#R|Additional improvements]] will continue based on the experiment results and community feedback. * The [https://pageviews.wmcloud.org Pageviews Analysis] tool which allows users to compare pageviews across multiple pages, turns 10 years old this year and several new features have been added. They include [[toolforge:wikinav|WikiNav]] which provides insights into how readers of Wikipedia explore the content, editing stats in [https://pageviews.wmcloud.org/siteviews?range=latest-30&sites=en.wikipedia.org Siteviews], the ability to [https://pageviews.wmcloud.org/massviews?source=wikiproject&project=en.wikipedia.org lookup articles belonging to a WikiProject], and support for dark mode. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378549] * A [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader_Growth/Minimal_Minerva|visually simplified Minerva]] navigation bar is being tested for logged-out readers using mobile web on the Bengali, Czech, English, Farsi, and Polish Wikipedias. The experiment aims to determine whether simplifying the navigation improves reader retention. The test will run from August 31 to September 28, and no action is required from users. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes]] is working on improving [[en:Wikipedia:VisualEditor/Named references|auto-generated reference names in VisualEditor]]. Editors will only notice a slight change starting this week. When adding automatic reference names the numbering will start at <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>:1</nowiki></code></bdi> instead of <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>:0</nowiki></code></bdi>. Read more on the [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names|project page]]. [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/c/VisualEditor/VisualEditor/+/1332704] * All wikis will be [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|read-only for a few minutes]] on September 23. This is planned at 14:00 UTC. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433363] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:25}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:25|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid|Parsoid]] could mishandle nested nowiki tags, causing content to be lost and displaying unwanted text has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T435116] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Interface administrators can configure gadgets from [[MediaWiki:Gadgets-definition]]. The definition format has been updated and no longer requires the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>ResourceLoader</nowiki></code></bdi> option, as gadgets are always loaded through <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>ResourceLoader</nowiki></code></bdi>. This simplifies gadget configuration by removing an option that is no longer necessary, making gadget definitions easier for administrators. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T298199] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.19|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/37|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W37"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:45, 7 Nzeri 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=31008437 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-38</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W38"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/38|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Future Audiences team has started a [[en:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia:Village pump (proposals)#New proposed experiment to let readers know about “Google preferred sources”|discussion on English Wikipedia]] about a proposed new experiment to show a temporary notice about the new [https://blog.google/products-and-platforms/products/search/original-high-quality-content-search/ Google Preferred Sources] feature to Wikipedia readers coming from Google. The experiment is to test whether this notice makes visitors come back to Wikipedia more often. Preferred Sources feature lets users choose websites they trust so Google can highlight content from those sources more prominently in Search and AI experiences. We are interested in testing this on other languages that Google supports and would welcome assistance with starting conversations on other wikis. If interested, please reach out to Future Audiences on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Future Audiences/Preferred sources|talk page]]. '''Updates for editors''' * The chat platform Discord is releasing a new self-service framework that websites can use to specify how their links should look when shared on Discord. The Future Audiences team is planning to start using this new framework to improve how Wikipedia links look when shared on Discord, giving better attribution and credit to contributors. The link appearance and behavior won't change in the first phase of this project as we want to first collect some baseline data to assess the impact of future changes. However, if community members who are active on Discord spot any issues, they can reach out on [[phab:tag/future-audiences/|Phabricator]] or [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Future Audiences|Metawiki]]. * The Reader Growth team will be running an experiment to test whether [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader_Growth/Compact Lead|compacting article lead sections on mobiles]] with the addition of a "read more" button improves reader retention. The test will begin on September 17 on Arabic, Spanish, French, Indonesian, Italian, Japanese, Portuguese, Vietnamese, and Chinese Wikipedias and will run for four weeks. * All wikis will be [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|read-only for a few minutes]] on September 23. This is planned at 14:00 UTC. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433363] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:28}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:28|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where [https://wikistats.wmcloud.org/ Wikistats] for Wikipedias was returning an HTTP 500 error and could not be reached, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T435959] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Developers who maintain a tool that queries the Wikimedia Commons links tables need to update their code to connect to the new x4 database cluster. The links tables have been moved from the s4 cluster to x4, and will no longer receive updates on s4. The page and redirect tables remain available on both clusters. A wiki replica for the x4 cluster will be set up afterwards. The change is being made because the s4 cluster has grown too large to operate efficiently. You can [[wikitech:Special:MyLanguage/News/2026 Commons links tables database split|read more]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.20|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/38|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W38"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 15:31, 14 Nzeri 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=31039826 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-39</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W39"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/39|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|All wikis will be read-only]] for a few minutes on Wednesday, 23 September 2026 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1790172000 14:00 UTC]. This is for the datacenter server switchover backup tests, [[wikitech:Special:MyLanguage/Deployments/Yearly calendar|which happen twice a year]]. During the switchover, all Wikimedia website traffic is shifted from one primary data center to the backup data center to test availability and prevent service disruption even in emergencies. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433363] '''Updates for editors''' * The Growth team tested a new post-edit notice designed to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#4. Encourage Temporary Accounts to Register|encourage Temporary Account holders to register for a permanent account]]. The new notice replaced multiple dialogs and a simultaneous welcome notification with a single message highlighting the benefits of creating an account. The experiment increased permanent account creation from 1.94% to 3.66%, an 87% relative increase. The change will now be released to all wikis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433551] * For Wikipedia editors using the [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|"Suggestion mode" Beta Feature]], there is a [[Special:Preferences#mw-input-wpvisualeditor-editcheck-experimental|new opt-in user preference]] for showing "experimental" edit checks and suggestions. These types are listed at [[Special:EditChecks#experimental-checks|Special:EditChecks]], and are intended for early developer-testing and for gathering feedback from experienced users. Administrators can change the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Configuration|configuration details]] for each suggestion as usual. Administrators can also [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Suggestion mode#Experimental Suggestions|use this feature]] to help test their community's ideas for locally created checks and suggestions. Experimental types will have a more distinct visual style later this week. [[mw:Talk:VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|Feedback is welcome]]. * The [[m:CEE Technical Village Pump|CEE Technical Village Pump]] has been launched as a space for technical discussions and collaboration among Wikimedia communities in Central and Eastern Europe. * A new tool, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Language Onboarding and Development/Starter kit|Starter Kit]], is now available for new and small language Wikipedia communities. It brings together guided tasks, tools, and resources to help communities get started, monitor their progress, and collaborate with the broader Wikimedia community. Starter Kit is hosted on Wikimedia Toolforge and is designed for Wikipedias with fewer than 50,000 articles. Learn more about how Starter Kit works and how communities have been using it in [[diffblog:2026/09/18/introducing-starter-kit-for-new-and-small-language-wikipedias/|this Diff blog post]]. * The Reader Growth team is launching a retest of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Image Browsing|image carousel experiment]]. The retest will use three new versions of the design, updated based on community feedback. The team will assess results and determine with communities whether or not to proceed with the feature. The experiment will begin the week of September 28 and will run on Arabic, Bengali, Chinese, Czech, English, Farsi, French, German, Indonesian, Japanese, Polish, Portuguese, Spanish, Swedish, and Vietnamese Wikipedias. * After successful rollouts to Arabic, Bengali, Chinese, Czech, English, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese Wikipedias, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|Reading Lists feature]] from the Reader Experience team will be available to all logged-in users on all Wikipedia wikis starting September 28. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:28}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:28|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where the mentor status script repeatedly updated mentors’ status even when nothing had changed, creating unnecessary Recent Changes entries, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T436659] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>abusefilters</nowiki></code></bdi> list query API, used to retrieve specific details about active or historical abuse filters configured on a wiki, has been updated to support the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>formatversion=2</nowiki></code></bdi> configuration parameter, thereby leading to breaking changes to the API response. All users who maintain user-scripts or other code need to check if they use the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>abusefilters</nowiki></code></bdi> list query API, and respond to any breaking changes. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T435828] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.21|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/39|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W39"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 11:56, 27 Nzeri 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=31085309 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-40</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W40"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/40|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Users of default skins on desktop and mobile web (Vector 2022 and Minerva respectively) will now be informed if the search suggestions displayed as they type into Search come from page redirects. Previously, users could get confused when the top search suggestions did not match exactly what they had typed. The new redirect notice clarifies that these suggestions are not random, but related to the search. The suggested pages may be redirects to the most relevant destination articles being searched for. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T303013] * Logged-out Wikipedia users on mobile web will begin to see a bookmark button for saving articles to their [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|reading lists]] instead of the current Watchstar button. When clicked, the bookmark button prompts users to log in or create an account to save an article for later. An earlier experiment found that the bookmark icon was four times more likely than the Watchstar button to encourage logged-out users to create an account. This change is part of efforts to encourage more readers to become account holders and use features that help them save and return to content. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T438769] * An experiment will begin on September 29 on Spanish, Arabic, English, and French Wikipedias to simplify the experience users encounter immediately after account creation. The test will explore whether removing friction from the current Welcome Survey helps new users understand what to do next more easily. The experiment will run through the end of October. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T430058] * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product and Technology Advisory Council]] has put out a call for the community to suggest topics that it should consider and discuss with the Wikimedia Foundation. Editors and technical contributors are invited to add topics to [[m:Talk:Product and Technology Advisory Council|the council's talk page]]. * Later this week, it will be possible for communities to configure [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check|Edit Checks and Suggestions]] so that they are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Configuration#extraNamespaces|shown within additional namespaces]], such as a <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>Draft:</nowiki></code></bdi> namespace. [[mw:Talk:VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|Feedback is welcome]]. * A bug in the [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]] is causing the page to fail to load for users that have unseen changes on Wikimedia Commons. Developers are working on a fix. Until then, affected users can follow the workarounds described in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist#GlobalWatchlist temporarily broken for users with Wikimedia Commons|relevant]] help section. * New magic words <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>{{CATEGORYSORT:TIMESTAMP}}</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>{{CATEGORYSORT:RTIMESTAMP}}</nowiki></code></bdi> are now available for use. They are able to change the default sorting of categories to be based on timestamp of categorization. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433768] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where [https://wikistats.wmcloud.org/ Wikistats] for Wikipedias was not reachable has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T435959] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The datacenter switchover, scheduled on September 23, has been postponed. [[diffblog:2025/03/12/hear-that-the-wikis-go-silent-twice-a-year/|The equinox exercise]] revealed capacity issues, preventing the switch of all services to the other datacenter. The process has been paused, prioritizing investigating that issue, to ensure that we continue to be able to serve our users reliably. A new exercise will be scheduled. Meanwhile, all traffic and edits continue to work as usual. * On September 23, a power loss briefly affected all wikis, creating intermittent issues on both reading and editing modes. This also affected Gerrit. This is unrelated to the datacenter switchover postponement. [https://www.wikimediastatus.net/incidents/9fm19t8qykk8] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Produnto|Produnto]] has been deployed to mediawiki.org and [[phab:T421436|some Indic language wikis]]. We want to hear your feedback on this experimental product. Produnto allows users to use Lua modules hosted in [[gitlab:repos/lua|Wikimedia's GitLab]]. It simplifies the sharing of Lua code between wikis. Instead of copying each individual Lua module from one wiki to another, users will be able to easily share packages across all wikis. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.22|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * A [[m:Event:Cross-wiki Code Collaboration Workshop|Cross-wiki code collaboration workshop]] will be held online on October 2 at 12:30 UTC, bringing together South Asian technical contributors to learn about Produnto and begin piloting it on Hindi, Punjabi, Odia, Telugu, and Malayalam Wikipedias. Produnto is a package manager for deploying Lua modules hosted on GitLab to Wikimedia wikis, and was recently deployed on some pilot wikis. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/40|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W40"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 10:49, 28 Nzeri 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=31092225 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-41</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W41"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/41|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The process for this year’s Community Wishlist [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Community Wishlist 2027#Updated Community Wishlist Process 2027/2028|has been published]], incorporating community feedback. The wish submission process will [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/FAQ#What is the deadline for submitting wishes?|end on November 8]]. This year, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Community Wishlist 2027/Working group|a working group (open for volunteering)]] that includes community members familiar with the technical aspect of our wikis alongside Wikimedia Foundation staff, will take care of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/FAQ#What is triage?|triage process]]. The triage is expected to be completed by late November. Votes for wishes will start in January. '''Updates for editors''' * Editors using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor|visual editor]] will now see a warning when they paste text that is likely to have initially been copied from one of five external generative AI chatbots into Wikipedia. This feature is known as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/LLM Paste Check|LLM Paste Check]]. It is a type of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check|Edit Check]] that is community configurable. The check looks for markers in the copied HTML and is not using content watermark detection. Edits will also [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/LLM Paste Check#Edit tags|be tagged]] so that patrollers can review them more closely. The feature helps newcomers add content that respects Wikipedia’s policies and makes it easier for experienced editors to identify problematic edits. Communities with local policies about LLM usage can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/LLM Paste Check#Configuration|adjust the wording and policy that is linked]]. The team [[listarchive:list/translators-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/EVHKWJ4IERZELMPIWNH3XUVUSQV5KOO4/|apologizes]] that this was rolled out without a delay for translations. * Editors can now easily [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Future of Editing on the Mobile Apps|access the web visual editor directly from the iOS and Android apps]]. When opening the editor, users will be given a choice between visual editing and source editing. If they choose visual editing, they will be sent to a mobile web window in their phone's browser. After completing their edit, a banner will give them the option to return to the app. This enables readers to make quick contributions while casually reading. * Users of the Wikipedia Android and iOS apps will now see a one-time account creation prompt after they have used the app for two consecutive weeks. This prompt explains the benefits of having an account. It is intended to help more casual readers become logged-in users who return to the apps regularly. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T434847] * Editors on [[wmnoc:conf/dblists/group1.dblist|group1 wikis]], including Wikiquote, Wikibooks, Wikiversity, Wikivoyage, and Wikisource, will no longer see notifications on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Recent changes|Recent Changes]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help: Watching pages|Watchlist]] when a link to another language version of a page is added, removed, or changed in its Wikidata item. This change will begin on October 5 at 07:00 UTC as a two-week trial to reduce high-volume, low-value notifications and make important changes easier to identify. Editors who rely on these notifications can read more on the [[m:Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects/Clearer Wikidata Edit Summaries/Hide Language Link edits|project page]] and share feedback or concerns on the [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Hide_Language_Link_edits|talk page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T439415] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:36}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:36|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where mentors who removed themselves from the mentorship program could still have mentees assigned to them and receive questions, has now been fixed. Mentees will now be reassigned when a mentor leaves the program. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418194] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Wikimedia Brasil has published its [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Brasil/Arcabouço de Boas Práticas de Desenvolvimento|Development Best Practices Framework]] (ABPD). It is a guide for staff, contractors and volunteers building technical tools and projects. It covers the project lifecycle, security, accessibility, personal data protection and responsible AI use, and explains how movement-wide guidelines were adapted to a local context. They encourage other affiliates to reuse it and adapt it. Read more in the [[wmfblog:2026/09/26/wikimedia-brasils-development-best-practices-framework-technical-sustainability-as-an-organizational-responsibility|Diff post]]. * A new, canonical base URL for Wikimedia APIs will soon be introduced. The new canonical route follows a <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>{projectName}/api/</nowiki></code></bdi> pattern and will act as an alternative path for current REST APIs (for example: <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>{projectName}/w/rest.php/</nowiki></code></bdi>). Both versions will be callable for all existing APIs, but the new structure will be the preferred path for newly created API modules. This change will be non-breaking for most users. The existing pathways will remain available for all existing endpoint requests. However, some endpoints may return URLs following the new pattern in response bodies. Changes will be available on test wiki first, with the rollout expected to cover all wikis by the end of October. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433535] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.23|MediaWiki]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/41|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W41"/> </div> 18:52, 5 Ukwakira 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=31098825 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-42</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W42"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/42|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Starting October 13, wikis can change the default pattern for [[:en:Wikipedia:VisualEditor/Named references|auto-generated reference names in VisualEditor]] (currently <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline><ref name=":1" /></syntaxhighlight>). They will be able to use human-readable, content-based reference names that are more helpful to contributors using the source editor (e.g. <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline><ref name="Miller2026-1" /></syntaxhighlight>). VisualEditor reference name patterns can be defined using MediaWiki system messages, JSON, templates and modules ([[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Cite/VisualEditor reference names|more information]]). Admins can enable these changes via [[Special:CommunityConfiguration/Cite-VisualEditor-Autonames|community configuration]]. This is a [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Community_Wishlist/W17|community wish]] implemented by [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T436255] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]] is a new MediaWiki feature that allows editors to reuse references with different details. It will be deployed to English Wikipedia on October 14 and to remaining Wikimedia Foundation wikis by end of October (likely October 21). The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#deployment|FAQ]] lists possible actions to take on your wiki to support the deployment. This is a [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing/History|long-standing community wish]] implemented by [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T440243][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T440304] '''Updates for editors''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools|Moderator Tools]] will be removing the list view of the Watchlist and defaulting everyone to the changelog view. Previously, there were two versions of how the Watchlist is shown to mobile web users: the list view, where editors could see watched articles in a list format, and the changelog view, where editors could see changes to watched articles in a log format, controlled by a user's Advanced Mobile Control settings. This has created issues for code-base maintenance: two different displays means two sets of code to manage. By defaulting to the changelog view, we are simplifying the codebase and avoiding the likelihood of missing bugs. * The Wikipedia Android app is testing a way to listen to article introductions in the “For you” feed. A text-to-speech model reads the existing article text aloud without rewriting it or adding any content. The 30-day experiment will begin in the Wikipedia Beta app during the third week of September, then move to the regular Wikipedia Android app in October for a limited group of eligible users. A small portion of app users (those with English feeds and at least one topic interest) will have access to the feature. This experiment is part of broader efforts to give app readers options in how they consume content in order to deepen engagement and user retention. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Listening to Wikipedia/Phase 1|Learn more]] and [[mw:Talk:Readers/Listening to Wikipedia|share feedback]]. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror syntax highlighting]] was [[phab:T288161|enabled]] by default for all logged out and newly registered users on the English Wikipedia on September 14. With no signs of adverse effects, the same change is being proposed to be made globally across all wikis in a few weeks. If you have concerns or feedback, or if your wiki would like to opt out, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help talk:Extension:CodeMirror#Enabling CodeMirror by default on all WMF wikis for newbies|please see the help page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T440077] * [[d:Wikidata:Usability_and_usefulness/Item_editing_experience/Mobile_editing_of_statements|Wikidata mobile statement editing]] of all datatypes will be officially launched on October 13, when it will be removed from Wikidata [[d:Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta features]] and become available to all editors. Users can [[d:Wikidata_talk:Usability_and_usefulness/Item_editing_experience/Mobile_editing_of_statements|report bugs and share feedback]]. * Last week, language link changes were removed from [[Special:RecentChanges|Recent Changes]] and [[Special:Watchlist|Watchlist]] feeds on Wikivoyage, Wikisource, Wikiversity, Wikiquote and Wiktionary. As no adverse effects have been observed, the [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects|Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects]] plans to roll out this change globally to all Wikipedias. This is scheduled for October 13 at 07:00 UTC, after which editors will no longer see when a link to ''another'' language version of a page is added, removed, or changed in its Wikidata item. Editors who rely on these notifications can read more on the [[m:Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects/Clearer Wikidata Edit Summaries/Hide Language Link edits|project page]] and share feedback or ask to opt out their wiki on the [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Hide_Language_Link_edits|talk page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T440698] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:28}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:28|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where accidentally touching the graph while scrolling on the Pageviews tool on mobile could unintentionally zoom in has now been fixed. Click-and-drag zoom is now disabled on touch devices. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T440075] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * There are three major changes coming to dumps: the legacy content dumps [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/xmldatadumps-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/E6D5EU4PMSTSOI2J7A46HJ3YW2W554CS/ deprecated in January 2026] will now be sunset, the replacement [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/MediaWiki_Content_File_Exports MediaWiki Content File Exports] will be delayed to implement a “safety buffer”, and they are now also available as 7zip-compressed files. Users will need to switch the URL they download their dump from. For more information, timeline and migration instructions, see [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Legacy_content_dumps_sunset Legacy content dumps sunset]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.24|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The Wikimedia Foundation discovered unauthorized activity by OpenAI agents on Wikimedia projects, including edits to wikis, attempts to exploit a public note-taking tool, and heavy automated traffic. [[diffblog:2026/10/05/openai-rogue-agent-activities-found-on-wikimedia-projects/|Read the blog post on Diff]] for more details about the activity and the Foundation’s response. '''Meetings and events''' * Save the date for the next Wikimedia Hackathon! We’ll be meeting in lovely Tirana, Albania for the [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia%20Hackathon%202027 2027 Wikimedia Hackathon] from April 9–11, 2027. Scholarship and staff sponsorship applications are currently being [https://pretix.eu/wikimedia/Hackathon-2027/ accepted through Pretix] and will close on October 30, 2026. General registration will open in January 2027. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/42|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W42"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 07:40, 13 Ukwakira 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=31142468 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-43</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W43"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/43|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * To measure the impact of incorporating some [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader_Growth/Image_Browsing#November 2025: Ideas and feedback|community-requested features]] on logged-out reader retention, a test for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader_Growth/Image_Browsing|Image Carousel]] will be pushed to logged-out readers. With the Image Carousel feature, readers browse community-uploaded images, selected by editors as relevant to specific articles. The test starts on November 20. * An experimental notice will be pushed to 0.5% of logged-out mobile readers who come to English Wikipedia from Google, asking them to add Wikipedia as a [https://blog.google/products-and-platforms/products/search/preferred-sources/ Google Preferred Source]. The test is to see if this notice increases reader retention and encourages people who use Google Search to visit Wikipedia more often. It will run from October 15–29 and will be assessed for its impact on retention and referrals. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:26}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:26|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where [[quarry:|Quarry]] returned an “Access denied” error when users tried to run SQL queries, preventing queries from running normally, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T440966] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Cog-icon-grey.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Due to a long-standing bug, applications that use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/For_Developers|OAuth 2]] client credentials flow to act on their owners’ behalf are treated as if they are logged out. This will be fixed for new applications registered on or after Monday, October 19. Some affected applications need to re-register. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T420297] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.48/wmf.1|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * A proposal to hold the Wikimedia Hackathon every three years, with regional hackathons in between, [[mw:Wikimedia Hackathon/Community Proposal 2026|has been shared]]. It explores making the event more accessible to technical communities in different regions. Share your feedback on the proposal’s [[mw:Talk:Wikimedia Hackathon/Community Proposal 2026|talk page]] before November 6. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/43|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W43"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 14:38, 19 Ukwakira 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=31178499 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-44</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W44"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/44|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * An experiment launched on September 29 is testing [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader_Experience/Reading_recommendations|article recommendations]] for new account holders who also identify as readers. By suggesting articles to read, similar to recommendations in the Wikipedia app for logged-in readers, the experiment aims to encourage new account holders to read and return to the website regularly, with the goal of increasing internal referrals by 1%. See the related [[m:Community Wishlist/W505|Community Wishlist]] proposal. * Several Wikimedia services were taken offline last week because of a [https://www.php.net/archive/2026.php#2026-10-20-1 security vulnerability in PHP]. This is because they need to be updated before they are safe to put back online. This is not a problem just for the Wikimedia movement but affects a lot of websites. You can follow updates on [[wikitech:Incidents/2026-10-21 PHP security update/Community|Wikitech]]. Cloud VPS and Toolforge will take longer to bring back online. This is to make sure that applications which run on Cloud VPS or Toolforge are not affected. Tool developers can see updates and more information on the [https://lists.wikimedia.org/postorius/lists/cloud-announce.lists.wikimedia.org/ Cloud-announce mailing list]. [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/10/21/impact-of-php-vulnerabilities-on-wikimedia-tools-and-services/][https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/10/21/impact-of-php-vulnerabilities-on-wikimedia-cloud-services/] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/43|Last week we shared]] that to measure the impact of incorporating some community-requested features on logged-out reader retention, a test for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Image Browsing|Image Carousel]] feature would be pushed to logged-out readers. Due to an issue, we will be restarting the test, but it will be live on October 26, not November 20 as initially announced. '''Updates for editors''' * A new [[wikitech:KAPOW|bot detection system]] to better identify automated traffic that disguises itself as human visitors, is coming to the Wikimedia wikis. This might cause sudden changes to visitor statistics starting from 26 October, going back to 20 June 2026. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Score|Score extension]] which renders musical notation inside wiki pages, has been temporarily disabled on all wikis due to a security issue. Affected pages will display a notice instead of musical scores, but the underlying code remains intact. No action is needed from editors, and a fix is in progress. A separate announcement will follow when the extension is re-enabled. Read more on [[phab:T441579|Phabricator]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:18}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:18|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where CodeMirror syntax highlighter appears to have been enabled in error for existing editors has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T441308] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|All wikis will be read-only]] for a few minutes on Wednesday, October 28 2026 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1793199600 15:00 UTC]. This is for the datacenter server switchover backup tests, [[wikitech:Deployments/Yearly calendar|which happen twice a year]]. During the switchover, all Wikimedia website traffic is shifted from one primary data center to the backup data center to test availability and prevent service disruption even in emergencies. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T439703] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.48/wmf.2|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * Scholarship and sponsorship applications for the [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia%20Hackathon%202027 2027 Wikimedia Hackathon] will close on Friday, October 30th. Submit your application [https://pretix.eu/wikimedia/Hackathon-2027/ through Pretix] before the deadline! '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/44|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W44"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:57, 26 Ukwakira 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=31199592 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-45</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W45"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/45|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Many Wikimedia tools were taken offline last week because of a [[:w:PHP2Shell|security vulnerability in PHP]]. This affected many websites worldwide. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Toolforge|Toolforge]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Cloud Services|Cloud VPS]] have been back up since October 22. Many important tools have been gradually restored. Some tools need the respective volunteer maintainers to restart them. Others still need to upgrade to a patched PHP version. Some tools were using older versions of PHP which are not supported by the recent security patches. They will require maintainers to upgrade to a more recent version. This might require additional effort. You can follow the work [[:wikitech:Talk:Incidents/2026-10-21 PHP security update/Community#Exceptions|on Wikitech]]. '''Updates for editors''' * A new optional search experiment is running in the Wikipedia Android and iOS apps for Arabic, French, and Japanese Wikipedias. Participating readers can search inside articles and open quoted passages directly in their source articles, no answers or summaries are generated. This is the first of four experiments in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Information%20Retrieval/Phase%202|Phase 2 of Semantic Search]]. It began on October 22 and runs for 20 days. Feedback is welcome on the project’s [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Readers/Information%20Retrieval/Phase%202|discussion page]]. * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Future_Audiences|Future Audiences]] team is planning to bring [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Future_Audiences/Share_card|Share Cards]] to Wikipedia on mobile. This feature gives users the option to share a visually appealing card with friends, based on the article they are reading. The card contains the article’s title, image, opening text, and related attribution, and links back to the article for full reading. Editors are invited to try out this feature by adding <code dir="ltr">?useformat=mobile&sharecard=1</code> to any article URL from October 29 to November 8. Share any thoughts on the [[m:Talk:Future_Audiences/Share_card| project talk page]] and report any bugs on [[phab:T439161|Phabricator]]. * The default renderer for math formulas will change on November 2. After the change, the server sends the formula as MathML, and your browser uses MathJax to show it. This is the last step towards the Mathoid/RESTBase deprecation process, for sustainability and security reasons. You can [[w:en:Wikipedia:WikiProject Mathematics/MathFormattingBugs|ask questions or report problems]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375238] * Do you have an idea for a new feature, or a bug that needs fixing? [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist|Submit your suggestion for the community wish list by November 8!]] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:41}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:41|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.48/wmf.3|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/45|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W45"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 14:23, 3 Ugushyingo 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=31236748 --> 0gegxgcofzwfq24d90sfy32seqxnn8q 0 13728 148520 135744 2026-11-03T12:38:17Z Baraka official 17008 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 148520 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Owoce Mango.jpg|thumb|Imyembe]] [[Dosiye:Mango Stem galls (17948948991).jpg|thumb|igiti cy'umwembe kirwaye]] Bamwe mu baturage batuye mu Murenge wa Nzinge basobanukiwe uburyo bwo kurwanya akamatirizi,Umuhinzi ufite ibiti 300 byose byibasiwe n’akamatirizi, yemeza ko yari yarihebye kugeza ubwo yashakaga kubisimbuza agateramo [[avoka]] .<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://muhaziyacu.rw/amakuru/rab-yatangiye-kwigisha-abaturage-uko-barwanya-indwara-yibasiye-ibiti-byimyembe/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-16 |archive-date=2023-02-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230216185354/https://muhaziyacu.rw/amakuru/rab-yatangiye-kwigisha-abaturage-uko-barwanya-indwara-yibasiye-ibiti-byimyembe/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Dosiye:Mango_(Mangifera_indica)_Bacterial_black_spot_caused_by_Xanthomonas_citri_pv._mangiferae_indicae_(41659862192).jpg|thumb|amababi y'umwembe arwaye ]] == Uburyo bwo kurwanya Akamatirizi == [[Dosiye:Green mango tree.jpg|thumb]] Uburyo bwa mbere bwo kurwanya akamatirizi ni ugukonorera [[igiti]] abandi babyita kwicira igiti cyangwa kugikorera nk’uko bakorera ikawa, ni uburyo bwo kugabanya amashami y’igiti kirwaye kugira ngo izuba ryinjire mu giti rigabanye ubuhehere kuko ubuhehere bufasha akamatirizi kororoka.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://muhaziyacu.rw/amakuru/rab-yatangiye-kwigisha-abaturage-uko-barwanya-indwara-yibasiye-ibiti-byimyembe/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-16 |archive-date=2023-02-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230216185354/https://muhaziyacu.rw/amakuru/rab-yatangiye-kwigisha-abaturage-uko-barwanya-indwara-yibasiye-ibiti-byimyembe/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>Uburyo bwa kabiri abahinzi bagirwamo inama yo kurwanya akamatirizi ni ukugira isuku ahari igiti cy’umwembe, iyo hari imyanda utumatirizi tuyihishamo tugakomeza kwangiriza igiti, n’aho uburyo bwa gatatu ni ugutera imiti munsi y’amababi ikica utumatirizi muri iyo miti harimo izwi nka Roketi.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://muhaziyacu.rw/amakuru/rab-yatangiye-kwigisha-abaturage-uko-barwanya-indwara-yibasiye-ibiti-byimyembe/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-16 |archive-date=2023-02-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230216185354/https://muhaziyacu.rw/amakuru/rab-yatangiye-kwigisha-abaturage-uko-barwanya-indwara-yibasiye-ibiti-byimyembe/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Dosiye:Mango_(Mangifera_indica)_Bacterial_black_spot_caused_by_Xanthomonas_citri_pv._mangiferae_indicae_(26832555887).jpg|thumb|umwembe urwaye ]] [[Dosiye:Mango_(Mangifera_indica)_Probably_crown_gall_caused_by_Agrobacterium_tumefaciens_(32589809932).jpg|thumb|igiti cy'umwembe kirwaye|228x228px]] [[Dosiye:Mango_Bunch.jpg|thumb|igiti cy'umwembe ]] == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ibimera]] 3cc2lyzpyhqg9b4744hxxwh5pv9idgp 0 13790 148555 145382 2026-11-03T13:01:59Z NSHUTIYIMANA Moise 17987 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 148555 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Informal Cross-border Trade - River Kagera.jpg|thumb|ubucuruzi bwambuka Imipaka|175x175px]] Abanyarwanda bakora ubucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka bagaragaje ko hari imbogamizi bari guhura nazo ndetse zikanakoma mu nkokora ubucuruzi bwabo biturutse ku bibazo by’umutekano muke uri mu Burasirazuba bwa [[Kongo|Congo]].<ref>https://igihe.com/ubukungu/article/ubucuruzi-bwambukiranya-imipaka-bukomeje-gukomwa-mu-nkokora-n-umutekano-muke</ref> == Ibyo Wamenya == [[Dosiye:Borderline Women in Cross-border Trade (38861798330).jpg|thumb|Abantu batonze umurongo bashaka kwambuka ngo bage gucuruza|173x173px]] U [[Rwanda]] rufite ibikorwa bitandukanye biri gushyirwa hirya no hino bigamije guteza imbere ubucuruzi birimo nk’amasoko yambukiranya imipaka, kubaka ibyambu no gukora ibiganiro n’inzego zitandukanye hagamijwe kurebera hamwe uburyo abakora ubu bucuruzi bakoroherezwa.<ref>https://igihe.com/ubukungu/article/ubucuruzi-bwambukiranya-imipaka-bukomeje-gukomwa-mu-nkokora-n-umutekano-muke</ref>Muri iyi minsi muzi ko bitameze neza ariko ubucuruzi burakorwa, iyo tubaganiriza biba ari ukugira ngo tubereke ko nk’igihugu tubari hafi bagomba kugenda bagacuruza, ntibateze imvururu ariko nabo bakumva ko ibyo twifuza ari amahoro.u[[Rwanda]] rufite amasoko atandukanye arimo amasoko abiri yubatswe mu [[Akarere ka Rusizi|Karere ka Rusizi]], isoko nyambukiranyamipaka riri muri Nyamasheke, Isoko rya Cyanika, [[Rubavu]], Karongi, Rusumo, n’iriri kubakwa ku mupaka wa Kagitumba.<ref>https://igihe.com/ubukungu/article/ubucuruzi-bwambukiranya-imipaka-bukomeje-gukomwa-mu-nkokora-n-umutekano-muke</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ubucuruzi]] qo9ukwwtxgr65ht5moz68rohy1x5085 0 13953 148526 136180 2026-11-03T12:54:18Z Baraka official 17008 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 148526 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Ibihumyo.jpg|thumb|ishusho y'inihumyo byeze mbese bikwiye gusarurwa]] Ibihumyo n'ubwo ari ibyokurya twashyira mu itsinda ry’ibimera, ariko mu by’ukuri byo si ibimera kuko ntibikora ikizwi nka photosynthese akaba riyo mpamvu bitagira ibara ry’icyatsi muri byo, ahubwo biba bisa n’umweru. Gusa nanone ntitwabishyira ahandi kuko bikurwa mu butaka muri macye biramera. == Dusangamo == * Sodium yo ku gipimo cyo hasi cyane * Vitamin B zinyuranye nka riboflavin, folate, thiamin, pantothenic acid, na niacin. * Habonekamo kandi vitamin D, ikaba ariho mu bimera iboneka gusa * Harimo kandi selenium, potassium, umuringa, ubutare, na phosphore. * Habamo fibre zizwi nka beta-glucans. * Harimo na choline, ifasha mu bitotsi, imikorere y’imikaya, kwiga no kwibuka. [[Dosiye:Honguillos.JPG|thumb|ibihumyo birimo kumera bitarageza igihe k'isarurwa]] == Akamaro k'ubuzima == === '''Igipimo cya cholesterol'''. === Ibihumyo muri byo nta binure ahubwo harimo poroteyine izwi nka lean. Fibre zirimo na za enzymes zinyuranye bituma igipimo cya cholesterol kigabanuka. Si ibyo gusa kuko ya lean protein ifasha umubiri gutwika cholesterol iyo yinjiye. Twibutseko kugira cholesterol mbi (LDL) mu mubiri byongera ibyago byo kurwara indwara zinyuranye z’umutima. === Isereri === [[Dosiye:Hedgehog fungi2 cropped.jpg|thumb]] Ubusanzwe isereri iterwa no kugira ubutare bucye mu mubiri. Umurwayi w’isereri arangwa n’umunaniro uhoraho, umutwe, imikorere mibi y’imitsi n’urwungano ngogozi. Ibihumyo rero ni isoko nziza y’ubutare (fer/iron) umubiri ukenera, bifasha mu ikorwa ry’insoro zitukura bityo umubiri ugakora uko bikwiye. === Kanseri y'amabere ni iya prostate === Kuba mu bihumyo dusangamo beta-glucans na linoleic acid, bibiha ingufu zo gufasha umubiri wacu guhangana nizo [[kanseri]]. By’umwihariko linoleic acid ifasha mu gukuraho ingaruka za estrogen yabaye nyinshi. Ubwiyongere bw’uyu musemburo nibwo buza ku isonga mu gutera [[kanseri y’ibere]] ku bagore bari mu gihe cyo gucura, naho beta-glucans zo zikabuza ikura ry’uturemangingo dutera kanseri cyane cyane kuri prostate. === Kurwanya diyabete === Ibihumyo nkuko twabibonye nta binure bigira, nta cholesterol, bifitemo ibinyasukari bicye cyane, ahubwo bikize kuri protein, amavitamini n’imyunyu ngugu. Bifite kandi amazi menshi na fibre. Ikirenze kuri ibyo, bifite insulin y’umwimerere na enzymes  zibifasha gushwanyaguza isukari iri mu byo turya. Kandi binafasha impindura, umwijima n’izindi mvubura mu mikorere yazo. Si ibyo gusa kuko binafite ubushobozi bwo kurwanya indwara ziterwa na mikorobi zikunze kuzahaza abarwayi ba diyabete. === Ubuzima bwamagufa === [[Dosiye:Mycena crocea Maas Geest 265871.jpg|thumb]] Kuba bikungahaye kuri  calcium bifasha mu gukorwa no gukomera kw’amagufa. Si ibyo byonyine kuko binafasha mu kurinda no kurwanya indwara zo kubabara mu ngingo, rubagimpande, goute, n’indwara zose zitera guhinamirana. === Kwinjiza intungamubiri === Ibihumyo nicyo kimera cya mbere dusangamo vitamin D. iyi vitamin akamaro kayo harimo gufasha umubiri gukurura intungamubiri zaje mu byo turya, by’umwihariko calcium na phosphore. Kuba byo ubwabyo bikungahaye kuri iyo myunyungugu, bikagira na vitamin D muri byo, bibigira ifunguro ry’agaciro. [[Dosiye:Hedgehog fungi2 cropped.jpg|thumb|ibihumyo]] === Kongera ubudahangarwa === Ergothioneine, iboneka mu bihumyo izwiho guhangana no gusohora imyanda n’uburozi mu mubiri. Iboneka kandi mu bihumyo gusa, ikaba ubwayo irimo soufre; umunyu ngugu udakunze kuboneka mu byo kurya byinshi. === Kurwanya mikorobe === Ibihumyo  byifitemo antibiyotike z’umwimerere zimeze nk’izo dusanga mu miti yo mu bwoko bwa penicillin (twavuga amoxicillin, cloxacillin, ampicillin, n’izindi), kandi ni mu gihe kuko nubundi penicillin ikorwa mu miyege. Ibi bituma bifasha umubiri guhangana n’indwara ziterwa na [[bagiteri]] na zimwe mu ziterwa n’imiyege, bigafasha ibisebe gukira ntibinazane amashyira. === umuvuduko udasanzwe w'amaraso === Ibihumyo bikize ku munyu ngugu wa potassium. Uyu munyu uzwiho gufasha mu gutuma imitsi y’amaraso yaguka bityo bigafasha mu guhangana n’indwara y’umuvuduko udasanzwe. === Selenium === Uyu munyu ngugu uboneka cyane mu bikomoka ku matungo, unaboneka ku gipimo cyiza mu bihumyo. Uyu munyu utuma amagufa, amenyo, inzara n’imisatsi bikomera ndetse bikaramba. Si ibyo gusa kuko unafasha mu gusohora imyanda mu mubiri. Ikindi kandi ibihumyo ni ifunguro ryiza ku bifuza gutakaza ibiro ariko bakaba bakomeye bitewe na lean protein ibonekamo. == Icyitonderwa == Ibihumyo biraribwa ariko biri mu muryango w’ibyo twakita imiyege, birimo ibiribwa n’ibitaribwa. Ibitaribwa habamo n’ibifite uburozi bwica. Mu kubitegura rero banza umenye neza ko ibyo ufite biri mu biribwa. Akenshi ibyo tuzi mu Rwanda biribwa harimo ibyobo, intyabire, imegeri, ibihepfu n’ibindi bitewe nuko mu karere runaka babyita. Niba utabisobanukiwe neza, mbere yo kubyica (niko kubisarura byitwa), wabaza umuntu ubimenyereye niba ibyo wabonye biribwa. Ibitica nabyo kandi bishobora gutera indwara zimwe na zimwe nk’ibihushi, ibifaranga (ibikoroto) , ibimeme, n’izindi ndwara ziterwa n’imiyege. Twongereho ko ibihumyo bitekwa bigisarurwa, waba utari bubiteke ukabyanika cyangwa ukabibika muri frigo. Gusa iyo uhisemo kubishyira muri frigo urabironga noneho ugacamo udusate ukavangamo amavuta, ukabona kubishyiramo. Iyo bitinze birabora, kandi bikaba byazana muri byo uburozi. == Reba == <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://umutihealth.com/ibihumyo/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-20 |archive-date=2023-02-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230220150549/https://umutihealth.com/ibihumyo/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * * == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} a3nih5ymrtf8xjhlkuh77m78mj5dtyp 0 14619 148530 138725 2026-11-03T12:55:59Z Baraka official 17008 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 148530 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Adenium obesum, Conservatoire botanique national de Brest 06.jpg|thumb|Nyiramabumba]] [[Dosiye:Autumn leaf (Doleschallia bisaltide) Bali I.jpg|thumb|nyiramabumba|229x229px]] [[Dosiye:Double Petal Flower Side Front Adenium Obesum Graft Apr22 D72 23135-151 ZS Pr.jpg|thumb|232x232px|Nyiramabumba]] '''Nyiramabumba''' iba mu misozi na mashyamba ku butumburuke bwa metero 1600 kugeza kuri metero 2600. Nyiramabumba ni [[ikimera]] aho kumutwe kiba kimeze nki ngofero, ni [[igiti]] cy'ubaka kuva kuva kubuhagarike bwa cm 10-15 z'uburebure, amababi asimburana yuma haza andi kandi ashimishije, kuva hejuru ya cm 2-15 z'uburebure ku bice bibiri. Nyiramabumba nti byoroshye gukoraho kuko iraryana ( Irababana ) igira utubabi twinshi duto duto cyane, kuzunguruka hejuru kandi gacikamo koroshye .<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://medicinalplantsofrwanda.ines.ac.rw/plant_details.php?id=192 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-03 |archive-date=2024-05-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240529054513/https://medicinalplantsofrwanda.ines.ac.rw/plant_details.php?id=192 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://medicinalplantsofrwanda.ines.ac.rw/plant_details.php?id=192 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-03 |archive-date=2024-05-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240529054513/https://medicinalplantsofrwanda.ines.ac.rw/plant_details.php?id=192 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.lavierebelle.org/index-noms-kinyarwanda-noms-286?lang=en |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-03 |archive-date=2024-05-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240503103734/https://lavierebelle.org/index-noms-kinyarwanda-noms-286?lang=en |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibimera]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiti]] [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] liefggk6ho6d7gwh418gpb803uwvcdd 0 14638 148531 139691 2026-11-03T12:56:12Z NSHUTIYIMANA Moise 17987 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 148531 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Surinam Cherry.jpg|thumb|Akamenampishyi.|321x321px]] [[Dosiye:Seeds on a bush red and black probably not edible.jpg|thumb|akamenampyisi|323x323px]] [[Dosiye:Gebarsten bolster van een paardenkastanje (Aesculus) 20-09-2020 (d.j.b.) 01.jpg|thumb]] Akamenampishyi ni [[ikimera]] gikunda kuba mu gihuru kiba kubutaka bufite ubutumburuke bwa metero 1800 kugeza 2500.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://medicinalplantsofrwanda.ines.ac.rw/plant_details.php?id=20 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-04 |archive-date=2023-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230304144401/https://medicinalplantsofrwanda.ines.ac.rw/plant_details.php?id=20 |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Irwara kivura === Akamenampishyi gufite imizi, [[igiti]] amashami n'amababi, kandi ibibabi yumweru byose biravura, irwara zitandukanye. Kuribwa mu mihogo,wumva humye n'agakorora kumye cyangwa angine yo mu muhogo, gapfura, sinesite, Kuva imyuna mu mazuru cyangwa se gukanuka, Ibicurane hamwe n'ibimwira byinshi mu mazuru, Ku barwayi bwa Grippe, Kutaryoherwa(kubura appetit, Gusarara(Kubura Ijwi), Umwuma mu muhogo.<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibiti]] [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ibimera]] swgo74dxyro9jphxmwrzn4gfe6g4lm5 0 14664 148581 143688 2026-11-03T13:03:14Z Score Beethoven 11559 148581 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox umurenge}} [[Dosiye:LL-Q33573 (kin)-IRAKOZE Anastase-Bugeshi.wav|thumb|Uko izina Bugeshi rivugwa.]] '''Umurenge wa Bugeshi''' ni umwe mu [[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|mirenge]] 12 igize [[Akarere ka Rubavu]], mu [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba]] bw’u [[Rwanda]].<ref name="kigali-today">Eric Muvara, [https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubukungu/iterambere/article/abaturage-biyubakiye-ibiro-by-umurenge-byuzuye-bitwaye-miliyoni-196rwf « Abaturage biyubakiye ibiro by’umurenge byuzuye bitwaye miliyoni 196 RWF »], ''[[Kigali Today]]'', 4 Ukuboza 2017, yasuwe ku wa 21 Nyakanga 2026.</ref> [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → [[Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Uturere]] → Imirenge → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Abaturage == Umurenge wa Bugeshi ufite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 31,05. Ibarura rusange ry’abaturage ryo mu 2022 ryagaragaje ko wari utuwe n’abaturage 33.892, barimo abagore 17.636 n’abagabo 16.256. Ubucucike bw’abaturage bwari abantu 1.092 kuri kilometero kare.<ref name="citypopulation">[https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/rubavu/3301__bugeshi/ « Bugeshi (Sector, Rwanda) »], ''City Population'', yasuwe ku wa 21 Nyakanga 2026.</ref> Mu baturage bose, 12.786 bari bafite imyaka iri munsi ya 15, abagera kuri 19.885 bari hagati y’imyaka 15 na 64, naho 1.221 bari bafite imyaka 65 cyangwa irenga. Abaturage 29.599 bari batuye mu cyaro, mu gihe 4.293 bari batuye mu mijyi.<ref name="citypopulation"/> == Ibikorwa remezo == Mu 2017, abaturage ba Bugeshi biyubakiye ibiro bishya by’umurenge bifite agaciro ka miliyoni 196 z’amafaranga y’u Rwanda. Akarere ka Rubavu katanze miliyoni 70, andi mafaranga atangwa n’abaturage, banagize uruhare mu mirimo yo kubaka binyuze mu muganda.<ref name="kigali-today"/> Muri uwo mwaka, Umurenge wa Bugeshi wabaye uwa kabiri mu Rwanda mu bikorwa by’umuganda.<ref name="kigali-today"/> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Rubavu}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Rubavu]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Bugeshi]] pvpnlp1didur2ik9kiieyc8xnkt5dmu 0 14673 148583 143861 2026-11-03T13:03:19Z Score Beethoven 11559 148583 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox umurenge}} '''Umurenge wa Busanze''' ni umwe mu [[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|mirenge]] 14 igize [[Akarere ka Nyaruguru]], mu [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Ntara y'Amajyepfo]] y’u [[Rwanda]]. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, Umurenge wa Busanze wari utuwe n'abaturage 29 795. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → [[Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Uturere]] → Imirenge → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Abaturage == [[Dosiye:Rwanda, Nyaruguru District.png|thumb|left|Ikarita y'Akarere ka Nyaruguru]] Umurenge wa Busanze ni umwe mu mirenge 14 y'Akarere ka Nyaruguru.<ref name="citypopd">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/23__nyaruguru/ |title=Nyaruguru (District, Rwanda) – Sectors |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref><ref name="menya">{{Cite web |url=https://www.nyaruguru.gov.rw/akarere/menya-akarere |title=Menya Nyaruguru |website=nyaruguru.gov.rw |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2012, Umurenge wa Busanze wari utuwe n'abaturage 27 190. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, wari utuwe n'abaturage 29 795. Abagabo bari 14 369. Abagore bari 15 426.<ref name="citypop">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/nyaruguru/2301__busanze/ |title=Busanze (Sector, Rwanda) – Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref><ref name="nisr">{{Cite web |url=https://www.statistics.gov.rw/sites/default/files/2025-05/Nyaruguru.pdf |title=Fifth Population and Housing Census, Rwanda, 2022: District Profile, Nyaruguru |publisher=National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda |date=2023 |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Mu 2022, abaturage bose batuye mu cyaro.<ref name="nisr" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Nyaruguru}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Nyaruguru|Busanze]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Busanze]] kshrn2i9qf60zkqgvigmyclodgvvp1i 0 14674 148590 143867 2026-11-03T13:03:39Z Score Beethoven 11559 148590 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox umurenge}} '''Umurenge wa Cyahinda''' ni umwe mu [[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|mirenge]] 14 igize [[Akarere ka Nyaruguru]], mu [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Ntara y'Amajyepfo]] y’u [[Rwanda]]. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, Umurenge wa Cyahinda wari utuwe n'abaturage 24 929. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → [[Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Uturere]] → Imirenge → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Abaturage == [[Dosiye:Rwanda, Nyaruguru District.png|thumb|left|Ikarita y'Akarere ka Nyaruguru]] Umurenge wa Cyahinda ni umwe mu mirenge 14 y'Akarere ka Nyaruguru.<ref name="citypopd">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/23__nyaruguru/ |title=Nyaruguru (District, Rwanda) – Sectors |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref><ref name="menya">{{Cite web |url=https://www.nyaruguru.gov.rw/akarere/menya-akarere |title=Menya Nyaruguru |website=nyaruguru.gov.rw |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2012, Umurenge wa Cyahinda wari utuwe n'abaturage 21 377. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, wari utuwe n'abaturage 24 929. Abagabo bari 11 952. Abagore bari 12 977.<ref name="citypop">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/nyaruguru/2302__cyahinda/ |title=Cyahinda (Sector, Rwanda) – Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref><ref name="nisr">{{Cite web |url=https://www.statistics.gov.rw/sites/default/files/2025-05/Nyaruguru.pdf |title=Fifth Population and Housing Census, Rwanda, 2022: District Profile, Nyaruguru |publisher=National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda |date=2023 |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Mu 2022, abaturage bose batuye mu cyaro.<ref name="nisr" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Nyaruguru}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Nyaruguru|Cyahinda]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Cyahinda]] js8e66mwwhrv5gu7b4370mixjw5kb2w 0 14676 148639 143869 2026-11-03T13:05:30Z Score Beethoven 11559 148639 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox umurenge}} '''Umurenge wa Kivu''' ni umwe mu [[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|mirenge]] 14 igize [[Akarere ka Nyaruguru]], mu [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Ntara y'Amajyepfo]] y’u [[Rwanda]]. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, Umurenge wa Kivu wari utuwe n'abaturage 19 812. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → [[Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Uturere]] → Imirenge → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Abaturage == [[Dosiye:Rwanda, Nyaruguru District.png|thumb|left|Ikarita y'Akarere ka Nyaruguru]] Umurenge wa Kivu ni umwe mu mirenge 14 y'Akarere ka Nyaruguru.<ref name="citypopd">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/23__nyaruguru/ |title=Nyaruguru (District, Rwanda) – Sectors |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref><ref name="menya">{{Cite web |url=https://www.nyaruguru.gov.rw/akarere/menya-akarere |title=Menya Nyaruguru |website=nyaruguru.gov.rw |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2012, Umurenge wa Kivu wari utuwe n'abaturage 17 719. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, wari utuwe n'abaturage 19 812. Abagabo bari 9 536. Abagore bari 10 276.<ref name="citypop">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/nyaruguru/2304__kivu/ |title=Kivu (Sector, Rwanda) – Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref><ref name="nisr">{{Cite web |url=https://www.statistics.gov.rw/sites/default/files/2025-05/Nyaruguru.pdf |title=Fifth Population and Housing Census, Rwanda, 2022: District Profile, Nyaruguru |publisher=National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda |date=2023 |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Mu 2022, abaturage bose batuye mu cyaro.<ref name="nisr" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Nyaruguru}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Nyaruguru|Kivu]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Kivu]] 7dvxinvfpnfoxxl3x5bq4m3rw35i4kg 0 14677 148643 143870 2026-11-03T13:05:41Z Score Beethoven 11559 148643 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox umurenge}} '''Umurenge wa Mata''' ni umwe mu [[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|mirenge]] 14 igize [[Akarere ka Nyaruguru]], mu [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Ntara y'Amajyepfo]] y’u [[Rwanda]]. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, Umurenge wa Mata wari utuwe n'abaturage 16 117. Uruganda rw'icyayi rwa Mata ruri i Mata. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → [[Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Uturere]] → Imirenge → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Abaturage == [[Dosiye:Rwanda, Nyaruguru District.png|thumb|left|Ikarita y'Akarere ka Nyaruguru]] Umurenge wa Mata ni umwe mu mirenge 14 y'Akarere ka Nyaruguru.<ref name="citypopd">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/23__nyaruguru/ |title=Nyaruguru (District, Rwanda) – Sectors |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref><ref name="menya">{{Cite web |url=https://www.nyaruguru.gov.rw/akarere/menya-akarere |title=Menya Nyaruguru |website=nyaruguru.gov.rw |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2012, Umurenge wa Mata wari utuwe n'abaturage 13 900. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, wari utuwe n'abaturage 16 117. Abagabo bari 7 780. Abagore bari 8 337.<ref name="citypop">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/nyaruguru/2305__mata/ |title=Mata (Sector, Rwanda) – Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref><ref name="nisr">{{Cite web |url=https://www.statistics.gov.rw/sites/default/files/2025-05/Nyaruguru.pdf |title=Fifth Population and Housing Census, Rwanda, 2022: District Profile, Nyaruguru |publisher=National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda |date=2023 |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Mu 2022, abaturage bose batuye mu cyaro.<ref name="nisr" /> == Ubukungu == Uruganda rw'[[Icyayi|icyayi]] rwa Mata ruri i Mata, mu Karere ka Nyaruguru. Imirima y'icyayi y'uru ruganda ifite ubuso bwa hegitari 1 455.<ref name="rmt">{{Cite web |url=https://rwandamountaintea.com/mata-tea-garden/ |title=Mata tea garden |website=Rwanda Mountain Tea Group |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Nyaruguru}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Nyaruguru|Mata]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Mata]] 9zoyvg0mvndxkgkdop4cdcbnl9ywr41 0 14678 148655 143871 2026-11-03T13:06:15Z Score Beethoven 11559 148655 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox umurenge}} '''Umurenge wa Munini''' ni umwe mu [[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|mirenge]] 14 igize [[Akarere ka Nyaruguru]], mu [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Ntara y'Amajyepfo]] y’u [[Rwanda]]. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, Umurenge wa Munini wari utuwe n'abaturage 19 760. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → [[Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Uturere]] → Imirenge → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Abaturage == [[Dosiye:Rwanda, Nyaruguru District.png|thumb|left|Ikarita y'Akarere ka Nyaruguru]] Umurenge wa Munini ni umwe mu mirenge 14 y'Akarere ka Nyaruguru.<ref name="citypopd">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/23__nyaruguru/ |title=Nyaruguru (District, Rwanda) – Sectors |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref><ref name="menya">{{Cite web |url=https://www.nyaruguru.gov.rw/akarere/menya-akarere |title=Menya Nyaruguru |website=nyaruguru.gov.rw |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2012, Umurenge wa Munini wari utuwe n'abaturage 15 994. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, wari utuwe n'abaturage 19 760. Abagabo bari 9 642. Abagore bari 10 118.<ref name="citypop">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/nyaruguru/2307__munini/ |title=Munini (Sector, Rwanda) – Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref><ref name="nisr">{{Cite web |url=https://www.statistics.gov.rw/sites/default/files/2025-05/Nyaruguru.pdf |title=Fifth Population and Housing Census, Rwanda, 2022: District Profile, Nyaruguru |publisher=National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda |date=2023 |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Mu 2022, abaturage bose batuye mu cyaro.<ref name="nisr" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Nyaruguru}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Nyaruguru|Munini]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Munini]] gtd1lkqb8bfhkuo7novomblzwlv8ndm 0 14679 148671 143872 2026-11-03T13:06:58Z Score Beethoven 11559 148671 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox umurenge}} '''Umurenge wa Ngera''' ni umwe mu [[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|mirenge]] 14 igize [[Akarere ka Nyaruguru]], mu [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Ntara y'Amajyepfo]] y’u [[Rwanda]]. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, Umurenge wa Ngera wari utuwe n'abaturage 24 242. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → [[Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Uturere]] → Imirenge → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Abaturage == [[Dosiye:Rwanda, Nyaruguru District.png|thumb|left|Ikarita y'Akarere ka Nyaruguru]] Umurenge wa Ngera ni umwe mu mirenge 14 y'Akarere ka Nyaruguru.<ref name="citypopd">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/23__nyaruguru/ |title=Nyaruguru (District, Rwanda) – Sectors |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref><ref name="menya">{{Cite web |url=https://www.nyaruguru.gov.rw/akarere/menya-akarere |title=Menya Nyaruguru |website=nyaruguru.gov.rw |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2012, Umurenge wa Ngera wari utuwe n'abaturage 22 440. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, wari utuwe n'abaturage 24 242. Abagabo bari 11 477. Abagore bari 12 765.<ref name="citypop">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/nyaruguru/2308__ngera/ |title=Ngera (Sector, Rwanda) – Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref><ref name="nisr">{{Cite web |url=https://www.statistics.gov.rw/sites/default/files/2025-05/Nyaruguru.pdf |title=Fifth Population and Housing Census, Rwanda, 2022: District Profile, Nyaruguru |publisher=National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda |date=2023 |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Mu 2022, abaturage bose batuye mu cyaro.<ref name="nisr" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Nyaruguru}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Nyaruguru|Ngera]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Ngera]] e3ewdzyz7akuay0yzsui63m30ehdsmb 0 14680 148672 143874 2026-11-03T13:07:01Z Score Beethoven 11559 148672 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Hatnote|Ntugomba kwitiranya Umurenge wa Ngoma n'indi mirenge yitwa Ngoma iri mu [[Akarere ka Huye]] no mu [[Akarere ka Rulindo]].}} {{Infobox umurenge}} '''Umurenge wa Ngoma''' ni umwe mu [[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|mirenge]] 14 igize [[Akarere ka Nyaruguru]], mu [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Ntara y'Amajyepfo]] y’u [[Rwanda]]. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, Umurenge wa Ngoma wari utuwe n'abaturage 24 358. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → [[Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Uturere]] → Imirenge → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Abaturage == [[Dosiye:Rwanda, Nyaruguru District.png|thumb|left|Ikarita y'Akarere ka Nyaruguru]] Umurenge wa Ngoma ni umwe mu mirenge 14 y'Akarere ka Nyaruguru.<ref name="citypopd">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/23__nyaruguru/ |title=Nyaruguru (District, Rwanda) – Sectors |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref><ref name="menya">{{Cite web |url=https://www.nyaruguru.gov.rw/akarere/menya-akarere |title=Menya Nyaruguru |website=nyaruguru.gov.rw |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Akarere ka Nyaruguru kagizwe n'[[Akagari|utugari]] 72 n'imidugudu 332.<ref name="menya" /> Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2012, Umurenge wa Ngoma wari utuwe n'abaturage 22 950. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, wari utuwe n'abaturage 24 358. Abagabo bari 11 514. Abagore bari 12 844.<ref name="citypop">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/nyaruguru/2309__ngoma/ |title=Ngoma (Sector, Rwanda) – Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref><ref name="nisr">{{Cite web |url=https://www.statistics.gov.rw/sites/default/files/2025-05/Nyaruguru.pdf |title=Fifth Population and Housing Census, Rwanda, 2022: District Profile, Nyaruguru |publisher=National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda |date=2023 |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Mu 2022, abaturage 9 786 bari munsi y’imyaka 15. Abaturage 13 221 bari hagati y’imyaka 15 na 64. Abaturage 1 351 bari bafite imyaka 65 cyangwa irenga.<ref name="citypop" /> Mu 2022, abaturage bose batuye mu cyaro.<ref name="nisr" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Nyaruguru}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Nyaruguru|Ngoma]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Ngoma]] sffxiuwyvwl3aiiiqkj7zfbp7ey8ldk 0 14681 148677 143875 2026-11-03T13:07:16Z Score Beethoven 11559 148677 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox umurenge}} '''Umurenge wa Nyabimata''' ni umwe mu [[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|mirenge]] 14 igize [[Akarere ka Nyaruguru]], mu [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Ntara y'Amajyepfo]] y’u [[Rwanda]]. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, Umurenge wa Nyabimata wari utuwe n'abaturage 18 843. Umurenge wa Nyabimata uhana imbibi n'u Burundi. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → [[Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Uturere]] → Imirenge → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Abaturage == [[Dosiye:Rwanda, Nyaruguru District.png|thumb|left|Ikarita y'Akarere ka Nyaruguru]] Umurenge wa Nyabimata ni umwe mu mirenge 14 y'Akarere ka Nyaruguru.<ref name="citypopd">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/23__nyaruguru/ |title=Nyaruguru (District, Rwanda) – Sectors |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref><ref name="menya">{{Cite web |url=https://www.nyaruguru.gov.rw/akarere/menya-akarere |title=Menya Nyaruguru |website=nyaruguru.gov.rw |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2012, Umurenge wa Nyabimata wari utuwe n'abaturage 16 953. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, wari utuwe n'abaturage 18 843. Abagabo bari 8 850. Abagore bari 9 993.<ref name="citypop">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/nyaruguru/2310__nyabimata/ |title=Nyabimata (Sector, Rwanda) – Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref><ref name="nisr">{{Cite web |url=https://www.statistics.gov.rw/sites/default/files/2025-05/Nyaruguru.pdf |title=Fifth Population and Housing Census, Rwanda, 2022: District Profile, Nyaruguru |publisher=National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda |date=2023 |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Mu 2022, abaturage bose batuye mu cyaro.<ref name="nisr" /> == Imbibi == Umurenge wa Nyabimata uhana imbibi n'[[Uburundi|u Burundi]].<ref name="umuryango">{{Cite web |url=https://umuryango.rw/amakuru/mu-rwanda/umutekano/article/nyaruguru-abantu-bitwaje-imbunda-bateye-nyabimata-bica-abantu-bakomeretsa |title=Nyaruguru: Abantu bitwaje imbunda bateye Nyabimata bica abantu, bakomeretsa Gitifu banatwika imodoka ye n’icumbi yabagamo |website=Umuryango |date=2018-06-20 |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Nyaruguru}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Nyaruguru|Nyabimata]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Nyabimata]] gbr1d3ppdt11v0vv1avssqe9yvr2jix 0 14682 148679 143876 2026-11-03T13:07:20Z Score Beethoven 11559 148679 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox umurenge}} '''Umurenge wa Nyagisozi''' ni umwe mu [[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|mirenge]] 14 igize [[Akarere ka Nyaruguru]], mu [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Ntara y'Amajyepfo]] y’u [[Rwanda]]. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, Umurenge wa Nyagisozi wari utuwe n'abaturage 19 674. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → [[Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Uturere]] → Imirenge → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Abaturage == [[Dosiye:Rwanda, Nyaruguru District.png|thumb|left|Ikarita y'Akarere ka Nyaruguru]] Umurenge wa Nyagisozi ni umwe mu mirenge 14 y'Akarere ka Nyaruguru.<ref name="citypopd">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/23__nyaruguru/ |title=Nyaruguru (District, Rwanda) – Sectors |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref><ref name="menya">{{Cite web |url=https://www.nyaruguru.gov.rw/akarere/menya-akarere |title=Menya Nyaruguru |website=nyaruguru.gov.rw |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2012, Umurenge wa Nyagisozi wari utuwe n'abaturage 18 275. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, wari utuwe n'abaturage 19 674. Abagabo bari 9 470. Abagore bari 10 204.<ref name="citypopd" /><ref name="nisr">{{Cite web |url=https://www.statistics.gov.rw/sites/default/files/2025-05/Nyaruguru.pdf |title=Fifth Population and Housing Census, Rwanda, 2022: District Profile, Nyaruguru |publisher=National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda |date=2023 |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Mu 2022, abaturage bose batuye mu cyaro.<ref name="nisr" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Nyaruguru}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Nyaruguru|Nyagisozi]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Nyagisozi]] rzadh0nlfymmur820r739gbmrwh7ugn 0 14683 148702 143877 2026-11-03T13:08:19Z Score Beethoven 11559 148702 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox umurenge}} '''Umurenge wa Ruheru''' ni umwe mu [[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|mirenge]] 14 igize [[Akarere ka Nyaruguru]], mu [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Ntara y'Amajyepfo]] y’u [[Rwanda]]. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, Umurenge wa Ruheru wari utuwe n'abaturage 27 712. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → [[Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Uturere]] → Imirenge → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Abaturage == [[Dosiye:Rwanda, Nyaruguru District.png|thumb|left|Ikarita y'Akarere ka Nyaruguru]] Umurenge wa Ruheru ni umwe mu mirenge 14 y'Akarere ka Nyaruguru.<ref name="citypopd">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/23__nyaruguru/ |title=Nyaruguru (District, Rwanda) – Sectors |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref><ref name="menya">{{Cite web |url=https://www.nyaruguru.gov.rw/akarere/menya-akarere |title=Menya Nyaruguru |website=nyaruguru.gov.rw |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2012, Umurenge wa Ruheru wari utuwe n'abaturage 35 599. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, wari utuwe n'abaturage 27 712. Abagabo bari 13 095. Abagore bari 14 617.<ref name="citypop">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/nyaruguru/2312__ruheru/ |title=Ruheru (Sector, Rwanda) – Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref><ref name="nisr">{{Cite web |url=https://www.statistics.gov.rw/sites/default/files/2025-05/Nyaruguru.pdf |title=Fifth Population and Housing Census, Rwanda, 2022: District Profile, Nyaruguru |publisher=National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda |date=2023 |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Mu 2022, abaturage bose batuye mu cyaro.<ref name="nisr" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Nyaruguru}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Nyaruguru|Ruheru]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Ruheru]] erolxyl47kj5iyznlnmo5uemi3qe8hd 0 14684 148706 143881 2026-11-03T13:08:31Z Score Beethoven 11559 148706 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox umurenge}} '''Umurenge wa Ruramba''' ni umwe mu [[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|mirenge]] 14 igize [[Akarere ka Nyaruguru]], mu [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Ntara y'Amajyepfo]] y’u [[Rwanda]]. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, Umurenge wa Ruramba wari utuwe n'abaturage 18 705. Ugizwe n'utugari 5. Mu 2018, Umurenge wa Ruramba watangiye kubona amashanyarazi. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → [[Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Uturere]] → Imirenge → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Abaturage == [[Dosiye:Rwanda, Nyaruguru District.png|thumb|left|Ikarita y'Akarere ka Nyaruguru]] Umurenge wa Ruramba ni umwe mu mirenge 14 y'Akarere ka Nyaruguru.<ref name="citypopd">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/23__nyaruguru/ |title=Nyaruguru (District, Rwanda) – Sectors |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref><ref name="menya">{{Cite web |url=https://www.nyaruguru.gov.rw/akarere/menya-akarere |title=Menya Nyaruguru |website=nyaruguru.gov.rw |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Umurenge wa Ruramba ugizwe n'[[Akagari|utugari]] 5.<ref name="igihe" /> Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2012, Umurenge wa Ruramba wari utuwe n'abaturage 17 126. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, wari utuwe n'abaturage 18 705. Abagabo bari 8 915. Abagore bari 9 790.<ref name="citypop">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/nyaruguru/2313__ruramba/ |title=Ruramba (Sector, Rwanda) – Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref><ref name="nisr">{{Cite web |url=https://www.statistics.gov.rw/sites/default/files/2025-05/Nyaruguru.pdf |title=Fifth Population and Housing Census, Rwanda, 2022: District Profile, Nyaruguru |publisher=National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda |date=2023 |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Mu 2022, abaturage bose batuye mu cyaro.<ref name="nisr" /> == Ibikorwaremezo == Umurenge wa Ruramba wari umwe mu mirenge y'Akarere ka Nyaruguru itagiraga amashanyarazi. Mu 2018, Akarere ka Nyaruguru na REG batangiye kuwugezaho amashanyarazi. Ingo zirenga 800 ni zo zabanje kuyahabwa.<ref name="igihe">{{Cite web |url=https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/nyaruguru-umurenge-wa-ruramba-watangiye-kubona-amashanyarazi |title=Nyaruguru: Umurenge wa Ruramba watangiye kubona amashanyarazi |website=IGIHE |author=Mugabo Jean D'amour |date=2018-08-06 |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Nyaruguru}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Nyaruguru|Ruramba]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Ruramba]] kbxeh6pgmr7qwrypmhcvjbv7nk5dvjq 0 14685 148710 143882 2026-11-03T13:08:38Z Score Beethoven 11559 148710 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox umurenge}} '''Umurenge wa Rusenge''' ni umwe mu [[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|mirenge]] 14 igize [[Akarere ka Nyaruguru]], mu [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Ntara y'Amajyepfo]] y’u [[Rwanda]]. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, Umurenge wa Rusenge wari utuwe n'abaturage 26 911. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → [[Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Uturere]] → Imirenge → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Abaturage == [[Dosiye:Rwanda, Nyaruguru District.png|thumb|left|Ikarita y'Akarere ka Nyaruguru]] Umurenge wa Rusenge ni umwe mu mirenge 14 y'Akarere ka Nyaruguru.<ref name="citypopd">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/23__nyaruguru/ |title=Nyaruguru (District, Rwanda) – Sectors |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref><ref name="menya">{{Cite web |url=https://www.nyaruguru.gov.rw/akarere/menya-akarere |title=Menya Nyaruguru |website=nyaruguru.gov.rw |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2012, Umurenge wa Rusenge wari utuwe n'abaturage 24 147. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, wari utuwe n'abaturage 26 911. Abagabo bari 12 853. Abagore bari 14 058.<ref name="citypop">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/nyaruguru/2314__rusenge/ |title=Rusenge (Sector, Rwanda) – Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref><ref name="nisr">{{Cite web |url=https://www.statistics.gov.rw/sites/default/files/2025-05/Nyaruguru.pdf |title=Fifth Population and Housing Census, Rwanda, 2022: District Profile, Nyaruguru |publisher=National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda |date=2023 |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Mu 2022, abaturage bose batuye mu cyaro.<ref name="nisr" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Nyaruguru}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Nyaruguru|Rusenge]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Rusenge]] sx3fo64666en36ktyzqi0n5u4i0392o 0 14704 148532 147671 2026-11-03T12:56:20Z Baraka official 17008 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 148532 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Kids_‘n_Fiber_(6121370990).jpg|thumb|Ibiribwa bifite Fibres]] [[Dosiye:Kids_‘n_Fiber_(6120828457).jpg|thumb|Ibiribwa bifite Fibres byafasha abana ]] Fibres (cg fibers) ni ubwoko bw’ibiribwa bigize ifunguro ryuzuye, bikaba intungamubiri z’ingenzi cyane, kuko zifasha mu gutunga umubiri no kuwurinda indwara zitandukanye. Zifasha kurinda indwara z’umutima, diyabete, kwiyongera ibiro, bifasha mu igogorwa ryiza no kurinda [[kanseri]] zimwe na zimwe. Ingano y’izo umubiri ukenera zigenda zitandukana bitewe n’ikigero ugezemo, kuzibura mu ndyo yawe bitera umubiri indwara zitandukanye. == Izo ukenera ku munsi == * Abana (hagati y’imyaka 2-5); 15g * Imyaka 5-11; 20g * Imyaka 11-16; 25g * Guhera ku myaka 16 kuzamura; 30g * [[Umugore|Abagore]] bakenera nke (hagati ya 21-25g) ugereranyije n’abagabo (hagati ya 30-38g) == Aho ziboneka == Izi ntungamubiri ziboneka gusa mu bituruka ku bihingwa. Nta na gake ushobora kubona mu nyama, ibikomoka ku mata cg ibindi byose bikomoka ku nyamaswa.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://umutihealth.com/fibres |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-07 |archive-date=2023-02-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230225133130/https://umutihealth.com/fibres/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} 9fy1z198zzppk7cu4jguj6qzwsauf5z 0 15463 148544 138727 2026-11-03T12:59:47Z NSHUTIYIMANA Moise 17987 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 148544 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Batwa Pygmies evicted from their homelands in the early 1990s when Mghinga Gorilla National Park was established.jpg|thumb|Abatwa bo muri Uganda barimo kuririmba.|274x274px]] [[Dosiye:Búfalos_cafre_(Syncerus_caffer),_parque_nacional_del_Lago_Mburo,_Uganda,_2024-02-01,_DD_46.jpg|thumb|Búfalos nk'inyamaswa zo muri Uganda ]] Abatwa benshi bo muri [[Uganda]], birukanwe mu myaka 30 ishize mu ngo barazwe n'abasekuruza babo zo mu mashyamba kugira ngo habungabungwe ubuzima bw'inyamaswa. [[Dosiye:Facóqueros_comunes_(Phacochoerus_africanus),_parque_nacional_del_Lago_Mburo,_Uganda,_2024-02-01,_DD_68.jpg|thumb|inyamaswa zitangaje zo muri Uganda |284x284px]] == Urugendo mukwirukanwa kwa Abatwa mushyamba == Mu rugendo n'amaguru mu ishyamba ry'inzitane rya Bwindi, indirimbo Abatwa baririmba zifatwa nk'iz'ibyishimo, ariko zirumvikanamo agahinda.Ni izo kwishimira umusaruro mwiza w'ubuki, ariko nta musaruro uhari kuko Abatwa batacyemerewe guhakura ubuki, cyangwa ikindi kintu icyo ari cyo cyose, muri iri shyamba.Ahubwo, aba basangwabutaka bafata ba mukerarugendo babaha amafaranga bakabatembereza mu turere tw'abasekuruza babo bahoze batuyemo mu ishyamba ndetse, mu buryo burimo imbyino, bakabasubiriramo uburyo bahoze babayeho.Injyana iracurangwa ku mirya y'icyuma hakoreshejwe urutoki rw'igikumwe ku nanga izwi nk"icyembe", ubwo tugeze ku itsinda ry'inzu za nyakatsi muri iri shyamba, nyuma yo kugenda iminota 30.ukuriye iri tsinda, atunga urutoki ku hantu hari inyuma y'izi nyakatsi, arasobanura ati: "Aha hari kuba ari indaro [urusengero], aho twari kuba tuganirira n'abakurambere bacu.Iyo abagabo babaga bashaka kujya guhiga, bitwazaga inyama cyangwa ubuki nk'amaturo. Bahigaga ingurube z'agasozi [isatura] n'amoko menshi y'impongo [antilope, mu Gifaransa]. <ref name=":0">https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/amakuru-60844561</ref>[[Umugore|Abagore]] bishimiraga ko umuhigo warumbutse, bagateka bakanabyina. Ariko ubu ntitukibona ibiryo by'ubu bwoko.Ufite imyaka hafi 50, ni mukuru bihagije kuburyo yibuka uko ubuzima bwari bumeze kuri we na bagenzi be mbere yuko birukanwa.Mu gihe cy'imyaka ibarirwa mu magana, bari babayeho nk'abahigi batunzwe n'ibiva mu mashyamba yo mu misozi miremire yo ku mipaka ya [[Uganda]], u [[Rwanda]] na Repubulika ya Demokarasi ya [[Congo]].Ariko mu myaka ya 1990, Abatwa bo muri Uganda birukanwe mu mashyamba ya Bwindi, Mgahinga na Echuya mu majyepfo ashyira uburengerazuba bw'igihugu, ubwo utwo turere twahindukaga za parike z'inyamaswa, mbere na mbere mu rwego rwo kwita ku ngagi z'imbonekarimwe [[Ingagi zo mu birunga|zo mu misozi]] miremire.<ref name=":0" />Ku migenzo y'Abatwa, irimo no kurambagiza (gutereta) mu cyahoze ari imbuga aho abasore n'abakobwa bajyaga bahurira bagasabana."Umusore wabaga ushaka kurongora byamusabaga gutega ''intenzi'' (ubwoko bw'inkima isimbuka imeze nk'iguruka).Iranyaruka cyane ku maguru yayo, rero byamusabaga guhengera igihe isinziriye mu mwobo wo mu giti. Akayifata ikangutse irimo kugerageza guhunga. Yagombaga kuyizana ari nzima, bitaba ibyo nta mugore yabonaga. [[Dosiye:Mountain gorilla (Gorilla beringei beringei) female eating root.jpg|thumb|221x221px|maintain gorilla(gorilla beringei beringei ) female eating root]] == Nyuma yokwirukanwa bahawe ubutaka bwo guhinga == [[Dosiye:(Large procession of people on a rural road) (AM 81509-1).jpg|thumb|271x271px]] Nyuma yo kwirukanwa, imiryango imwe y'Abatwa yahawe ubutaka bwo guhinga, ibuhawe na leta ya Uganda.Ariko kuko batari bazi guhinga, ubutaka barabugurishije nuko benshi bakwiragira muri ako karere, bakabeshwaho n'ibyo bahawe n'abaturanyi babo b'abagiraneza ndetse n'imiryango itagamije inyungu.Abaturanyi bamwe barabasuzuguye, babita abantu bo mu gisambu [mu kigunda].Abatwa bo muri [[Uganda]], babarurwa ko batageze ku 7,000, benshi bagiye mu duce tw'umujyi, nka Kisoro, aka karere kakaba kari hafi y'amashyamba.Mu nkengero y'uwo mujyi muto, imiryango ituye ku butaka bwa leta, mu ngo zubatswe mu bikarito zisakajwe amahema. Babayeho mu manegeka.Mu mwaka wa 2011, itsinda ry'Abatwa rifatanyije n'imiryango itegamiye kuri leta, bareze mu rukiko leta ya [[Uganda]] kubera kubirukana nuko mu mpera y'umwaka ushize wa 2021, urukiko rurinda iremezo ry'itegekonshinga rwanzura ko batsinze.<ref name=":0" />Rwavuze ko aba Batwa bafashwe mu buryo butari ubwa kimuntu, rutegeka ko "indishyi irimo gushyira mu gaciro no mu kuri" irihwa mu gihe kitarenze amezi 12, ariko leta irashaka kujurira.Abatwa bamwe bamenyereye ubuzima bushya bayoboka ubuhinzi.Inyamaswa zitaweho neza kurusha Abatwa, kuko ba mukerarugendo baraza, bakishyura amafaranga, leta igakoresha ayo mafaranga, naho Abatwa bakaba babayeho nabi.Izo nyamaswa ni ingagi zo mu misozi miremire. Leta ya [[Uganda]] yishyuza agera ku madolari 700 y'[[Amerika]] (agera ku 709,600 by'amafaranga y'u [[Rwanda]]) ku kujya kuzireba.Ibikorwa byo kubungabunga ibidukikije byatumye ingagi zo muri Uganda ziyongera zigera ku ngagi 459, no ku ngagi zirenga 1,000 ku isi, bivuze ko zitakiri ku rutonde rw'iziri mu byago bikomeye byuko zacika (zashiraho) burundu.Ikigo cya [[Uganda]] cyita ku nyamaswa (Uganda Wildlife Authority, UWA) kivuga ko ibi kirimo kubikora kibinyujije mu kwemerera Abatwa kujyana ba mukerarugendo kubatembereza mu ishyamba na kimwe cya gatanu cy'amafaranga yinjijwe na parike kigahabwa abaturage bayegereye binyuze mu buyobozi bw'inzego z'ibanze.<ref name=":0" />Mu rugendo rw'Abatwa bava mu ishyamba, hakozwe amakosa menshi. Ariko ikirego cyo kutabona ubutaka, kutabemerera kugira umuco wabo, rwose kirakocamye kandi si ukuri.Nyamara Abatwa bo barashaka ahantu ho kwita iwabo no kwemerwa nk'abasangwabutaka kugira ngo bitabweho kurushaho mu mategeko mpuzamahanga. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ubuzima]] m2edxkptcschhx486a7l15npxshj5kb 0 15612 148534 144995 2026-11-03T12:56:43Z Baraka official 17008 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 148534 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:عزمي مجاهد.png|thumb|Azmi Mohammed Magahed.]] '''Azmi Mohamed Megahed''' (15 Mata 1950 &#x2013; 12 Nzeri 2020) yari umukinnyi ukina umukino wa maboko wa volleyball wo muri Egiputa. Yitabiriye imikino y'abagabo mu mikino Olempike yo mu 1976 <ref>Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill ; et al. "Azmi Mohamed Megahed Olympic Results" . Olympics at Sports-Reference.com . Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on 17 April 2020. Retrieved 31 January 2019.</ref> == Ubuzima == Yavukiye i Dakahlia, <ref>ﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻗﻬﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﺮﺣﻴﻞ ﻋﺰﻣﻲ ﻣﺠﺎﻫﺪ " . mansora2day.com (in Arabic). 12 September 2020.</ref> muri Megahede yakiniye ikipe ya Zamalek SC n'ikipe yi gihugu ya [[Misiri]] imyaka 16. Yatsindiye igihembo cy'umukinnyi witwaye neza muri Afurika mu 1974. <ref name="dailynewsegypt">"Former Zamalek volleyball star Azmy Megahed passes away of COVID-19" . Daily News Egypt . 12 September 2020.{{Cite web}}</ref> Yatsindiye kandi ibihembo byinshi ku giti cye, byaho ndetse nu mugabane nkumukinnyi numuyobozi. <ref>ﺃﺳﻄﻮﺭﺓ ﺃﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺋﺮﺓ.. 7 ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺰﻣﻲ ﻣﺠﺎﻫﺪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻭﻓﺎﺗﻪ ﺑﻔﻴﺮﻭﺱ ﻛﻮﺭﻭﻧﺎ " . </ref> Nyuma yaje kuba umwe mu bagize inama y'ubutegetsi ya Zamalek SC, akora nk'umusobanuzi wa politiki akaba n'umunyamakuru wa TV kuri Al Assema TV. <ref>ﺑﻌﺪ ﻭﻓﺎﺗﻪ ﺑﻜﻮﺭﻭﻧﺎ .. 10 ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻻ ﺗﻔﻮﺗﻚ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺰﻣﻲ ﻣﺠﺎﻫﺪ ﺃﺳﻄﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺋﺮﺓ " . khabarmasr.com (in Arabic). 12 September 2020. </ref> Umuhungu we Amir Azmy, yabaye [[Umupira w’amaguru|umupira wamaguru]]. <ref name="dailynewsegypt" /> Yapfuye ku ya 12 Nzeri 2020 mu bitaro i Cairo azize COVID-19 mu gihe icyorezo cya Misiri. == Abasesenguzi == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa Misiri]] 8lxk27qrtbg0vdedsen2jbfgt7mckvw 0 15791 148649 146664 2026-11-03T13:05:59Z NSHUTIYIMANA Moise 17987 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 148649 wikitext text/x-wiki [https://www.kigalitoday.com/kwibuka/article/imisozi-miremire-igose-bweyeye-ni-kimwe-mu-byatumye-abicanyi-bihutirwa-n-umugambi-wabo Imiterere y’imisozi]<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/kwibuka/article/imisozi-miremire-igose-bweyeye-ni-kimwe-mu-byatumye-abicanyi-bihutirwa-n-umugambi-wabo</ref> yo mu [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda i]]<nowiki/>ranyuraranye. Uvuye i burasirazuba ugana iburengerazuba ubutumburuke buri hagati ya m 1000 na 4500. Iburasirazuba burangwa n’imisozi migufi, mu gihugu hagati n’imisozi iringaniye n’aho mu burengerazuba n[[Akarere ka Nyanza|’imisozi miremire.]]<ref>[[Akarere ka Nyanza]]</ref> == Isunzu rya Kongo Nili == Ni uruhererekane rw’imisozi ifite ubutumburuke buri hagati ya m 2500 na 3000. Iryo sunzu ricuramiye [[ikiyaga cya Kivu]], rigabanya amazi y’u Rwanda mu bice bibiri : amazi yisuka mu kibaya cy’uruzi rwa Kongo mu [https://igihe.com/imyemerere/article/ku-nkomoko-ya-ya-mayobera-amafoto burengerazuba]<ref>https://igihe.com/imyemerere/article/ku-nkomoko-ya-ya-mayobera-amafoto</ref> n’amazi yisuka mu kibaya cya Nili mu burasirazuba. Isunzu rya Kongo Nili, mu majyaruguru hashyira i burengerazuba, higanje uruhererekane rw’imisozi y’ibirunga bitanu harimo [[Ibirunga byu Rwanda|ikirunga]] kibisumba byose aricyo [[Ikirunga cya Karisimbi|Karisimbi]] gifite ubutumburuke bungana na m 4507.<ref>[[Umuceli]]</ref> == Reb aha == == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} 13ly08oi2zx40lld1av025205xvdmhl 0 16138 148632 139728 2026-11-03T13:05:15Z NSHUTIYIMANA Moise 17987 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 148632 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Julien Kialunda.jpg|thumb|Julien Kialunda|410x410px]] '''Julien Kialunda''', (yavutse Ku ya 24 Mata 1940 i Matadi muri [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo|Kongo]], apfa Ku ya 14 Nyakanga 1987 i Antwerp) [[Ububiligi|mu Bubiligi]], ni umukinnyi ukina [[umupira w'amaguru]] [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo|wa congo]], wakinnye nka myugariro wo hagati. Yakiniye amakipe atatu yo mu [[Bubiligi]] hagati ya 1960 na 1980 , ntabwo byari bisanzwe ku mukinnyi nya furika icyo gihe. Nyuma yumwuga we, yabaye umutoza wa Zayire amezi make. Yapfuye azize [[SIDA]] Ku ya 14 Nyakanga 1987 . Hano haribiganiro kumazina ye, bamwe babyandika ''Kialunda'', abandi ''Kaliunda''. Nkuko umukinnyi ubwe atazi neza uko izina rye ryanditswe, imyandikire ikunze kugaragara, ''Kialunda'', ifatwa nku kuri. == Umwuga == === Guhera mu Bumwe === Julien Kialunda yavutse Ku ya 24 Mata 1940 i Matadi, muri kiriya gihe haracyari [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo|Kongo y'Ububiligi]], apfa ku ya 14 Nyakanga 1987 i Antwerp mu Bubiligi. Yatangiriye umupira i ''Daring Léopoldville'', [[umurwa]] mukuru w’abakoloni b’Ababiligi, nyuma uza kuba [[Kinshasa]]. Mu 1960, yasimbukiye i [[Burayi]], ariko icyo gihe kikaba cyari gake cyane. Yatangiriye muri Union Saint-Gilloise, ikipe [[Buruseli|yaturutse i Buruseli]], nyuma ikina mu cyiciro cya mbere. Nyuma y'imyaka itatu, iyi kipe isubiye mu cyiciro cya kabiri. Yatsindiye igikombe maze asubira mu ndege ya mbere muri shampiyona ya mbere, ariko kugaruka ntibyatinze, aho ''Abanyamurwango'' barangije ku mwanya wa kabiri kugeza ku mwanya wa nyuma, bisobanura kimwe no kumanuka. === Intsinzi muri Anderlecht === == Inyandiko == {{Traduction/Référence|nl|Julien Kialunda|21077929|type=note}}{{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa Congo]] ilr9de1gwiodzlu137n0mw78g8pgpkv 0 16156 148766 141597 2026-11-03T15:44:09Z Score Beethoven 11559 148766 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Landry Mulemo | birth_date = 17 Nzeri 1986 | birth_place = [[Kinshasa]], [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo|Zayire]] | nationality = Umunyekongo, Umubiligi | occupation = Umukinnyi w'[[Umupira w’amaguru|umupira w'amaguru]] (myugariro w'ibumoso) | years_active = 2004–2020 }} '''Landry Mulemo''' (wavutse ku ya 17 Nzeri 1986 i [[Kinshasa]]) ni umukinnyi w'[[Umupira w’amaguru|umupira w'amaguru]] ufite ubwenegihugu bwa [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]] n'ubw'[[Ububiligi]]. Yakinaga nka myugariro w'ibumoso. Yakuriye mu ikipe ya Standard de Liège, ayitwarana shampiyona y'u Bubiligi mu 2008 no mu 2009. Yakiniye amakipe y'u Bubiligi y'abato, harimo iyitabiriye Imikino Olempike ya 2008 i Beijing, mbere yo guhitamo gukinira ikipe y'igihugu ya Kongo kuva mu 2011. == Umwuga == Mulemo yatangiriye mu bana ba Standard de Liège mu 1990, akomereza muri R Flémalle FC (1992–1995), agaruka muri Standard mu 1995.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Verdediger Landry Mulemo keert terug naar Standard |url=http://www.gva.be/Archief/guid/verdediger-landry-mulemo-keert-terug-naar-standard.aspx?artikel=5bd95cdc-b5c5-4fed-8f46-9985d4c80a7b |website=Gazet van Antwerpen |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120217094919/http://www.gva.be/Archief/guid/verdediger-landry-mulemo-keert-terug-naar-standard.aspx?artikel=5bd95cdc-b5c5-4fed-8f46-9985d4c80a7b |archive-date=2012-02-17 |language=nl}}</ref> Kuva mu 2004 kugeza mu 2007, yatijwe muri K Saint-Trond VV, ahakina imikino isaga 60.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Officiel : Mulemo revient |url=http://www.footgoal.net/suite.php?selection=17240 |website=Footgoal.net |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070916204336/http://www.footgoal.net/suite.php?selection=17240 |archive-date=2007-09-16 |language=fr}}</ref> Agarutse muri Standard de Liège (2007–2010), yatwaranye na yo shampiyona y'u Bubiligi (2008, 2009) n'igikombe cya ''Supercoupe'' (2008, 2009). Muri Kamena 2010, yerekeje muri Bucaspor yo muri [[Turukiya]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Landry Mulemo Bucaspor için geldi |url=http://www.kurultay.net/haberler/spor/mulemo-bucaspor-icin-geldi-2010-06-22.html |website=Kurultay.net |date=2010-06-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100626043716/http://www.kurultay.net/haberler/spor/mulemo-bucaspor-icin-geldi-2010-06-22.html |archive-date=2010-06-26 |language=tr}}</ref> Nyuma yaho yakiniye KV Kortrijk (2011–2013, 2014–2015), Beitar Jerusalem muri [[Isirayeli]] (2013–2014), Kaposvári Rákóczi muri [[Hongiriya]] (2014), KF Vllaznia muri [[Alubaniya]] (2017) na Birkirkara FC muri [[Malita]] (2017–2018). Muri Mutarama 2020, nyuma y'imyaka ibiri nta kipe afite, yasinyiye Union royale Namur Fosses-la-Ville, aba kapiteni wayo, ayivamo muri Kanama 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Landry Mulemo arrive à l'UR Namur FLV |url=https://www.dhnet.be/sports/sport-regional/namur/landry-mulemo-arrive-a-l-ur-namur-flv-5e2ee058f20d5a719a6f0e0f |website=DH Les Sports+ |date=2020-01-27 |language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Nouvelles du club – Communication officielle 14-08-2020 |url=https://urnamurflv.be/nouvelles-du-club-communication-officielle-14-08-2020/ |website=UR Namur FLV |date=2020-08-14 |language=fr}}</ref> == Ikipe y'igihugu == Mulemo yakiniye ikipe y'u Bubiligi y'abatarengeje imyaka 21, yitabira Shampiyona y'u Burayi y'abatarengeje imyaka 21 yo mu 2007 mu [[Ubuholandi]], ndetse n'Imikino Olempike yo mu 2008 i Beijing, aho u Bubiligi bwabaye ubwa kane. Ku ya 9 Ukwakira 2009, yahamagawe bwa mbere mu ikipe nkuru y'u Bubiligi ku mukino na [[Turukiya]], ariko ntiyinjira mu kibuga.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mulemo appelé par Advocaat en remplacement de Deschacht |url=http://www.7sur7.be/7s7/fr/1509/Football-Belge/article/detail/1013452/2009/10/09/Mulemo-appele-par-Advocaat-en-remplacement-de-Deschacht.dhtml |website=7sur7 |date=2009-10-09 |language=fr}}</ref> Yifashishije amategeko mashya ya FIFA, ahitamo gukinira [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]], nk'uko Joachim Mununga na Andréa Mbuyi-Mutombo babigenje. Yakiniye Kongo imikino 10 hagati ya 2011 na 2013, harimo umukino wo gushaka itike y'Igikombe cy'Isi na [[Eswatini|Swaziland]] ku ya 11 Ugushyingo 2011. == Nyuma yo gukina == Mu 2021, yateguye i [[Kinshasa]] igikorwa cyo gushakisha impano z'abakiri bato ku bufatanye na Málaga CF yo muri Esipanye, naho mu 2022 abikora ku bufatanye na KV Kortrijk.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Foot : FC Malaga d'Espagne en campagne de détection des talents kinois, MK bien représenté ! |url=https://congoprofond.net/foot-fc-malaga-despagne-en-campagne-de-detection-des-talents-kinois-mk-bien-represente/ |website=Congo Profond |date=2021-07-18 |language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Landry Mulemo : "mettre en lumière le talent de la jeunesse congolaise" |url=https://www.leopardsfoot.com/landry-mulemo-mettre-en-lumiere-le-talent-de-la-jeunesse-congolaise/ |website=Leopardsfoot |date=2022-01-31 |language=fr}}</ref> == Ibihembo == Standard de Liège * Shampiyona y'u Bubiligi: 2008, 2009 * ''Supercoupe'' y'u Bubiligi: 2008, 2009 == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Reba kandi == === Ingingo zijyanye === * [[Paul-José M'Poku]] * [[Christian Luyindama]] === Ihuza ryo hanze === * {{Cite web |title=Landry Mulemo |url=https://www.lequipe.fr/Football/FootballFicheJoueur27037.html |website=L'Équipe |language=fr}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Mulemo, Landry}} [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa Congo]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba siporo]] [[Ikiciro:Ababiligi]] [[Ikiciro:Abagabo]] f9w2bkdfdxldvoeqvcfyl7nqi7xagr2 0 16256 148529 145495 2026-11-03T12:55:41Z NSHUTIYIMANA Moise 17987 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 148529 wikitext text/x-wiki   [[Dosiye:2013 IPC Athletics World Championships - 26072013 - Esperanca Gicaso and Isaac Vieria Adao of Angola during the Women's 200m - T11 third semifinal.jpg|thumb|Esperança Gicaso]] '''Esperança Gicaso''' (yavutse 2 Nyakanga 1992) ni umukinnnyi ukina imikino ngororamubiri ukomoka muri [[Angola]]. Yabaye nk'ibendera rya [[Angola]] mu mikino Paralympike yo muri 2016 . Gicaso yari mu irushanwa mu byiciro bya T11 kubakinnyi batabona. <ref name=":02">{{Cite web |title=Esperanca Gicaso - Athletics {{!}} Paralympic Athlete Profile |url=https://www.paralympic.org/esperanca-gicaso |access-date=2020-03-20 |website=International Paralympic Committee |language=en}}</ref> == Ibintu byingenzi byerekana umwuga == Gicaso yatangiye imyitozo ya siporo muri 2008. <ref name=":02"/> Muri 2011, yatsindiye umudari wa feza mu birometero bigera 100 kuri T11 mu mikino nya furika yabereye i [[Maputo|Maputo, muri Mozambike]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2011-09-12 |title=Esperança Gicaso wins silver medal |url=http://www.angop.ao/angola/en_us/noticias/desporto/2011/8/37/Esperanca-Gicaso-wins-silver-medal,d148bcca-4e1a-4a75-b442-f0ea093d2757.html |url-status=live |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2020-03-21 |website=ANGOP |language=EN-US}}</ref> Yitabiriye imikino Paralympike yo muri 2012 muri metero 100, T11 na metero 200 muri T11, na metero 400 muri T12 . gusa Ntabwo yazamutse ku mukino w'anyuma w'ibi birori. <ref name=":02" /> Mu marushanwa mpuzamahanga y’imikino ngororamubiri yo muri IPC 2013 yabereye i Lyon mu [[Bufaransa]], Gicaso yegukanye umudari wa feza muri metero 200 muri T11. <ref name=":02"/> Mu mikino nya furika yo muri 2015 yabereye i [[Brazzaville]], muri [[Repubulika ya Kongo]], yegukanye umudari wa feza muri metero 100 T11. <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2015-09-14 |title=All-Africa Games: Gicaso wins bronze in 100 metres of visual impaired athletics |url=http://www.angop.ao/angola/en_us/noticias/desporto/2015/8/38/All-Africa-Games-Gicaso-wins-bronze-100-metres-visual-impaired-athletics,4f1fff80-cf3b-4958-81e6-ba65f7898fac.html |url-status=live |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2020-03-20 |website=ANGOP |language=EN-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2014-09-14 |title=Angolana Esperança Gicaso conquista bronze nos 100 metros |url=https://desporto.sapo.ao/modalidades/atletismo/angola-atletismo/artigos/angolana-esperanca-gicaso-conquista-bronze-nos-100-metros |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191013172235/https://desporto.sapo.ao/modalidades/atletismo/angola-atletismo/artigos/angolana-esperanca-gicaso-conquista-bronze-nos-100-metros |archive-date=2019-10-13 |access-date=2020-03-20 |website=Desporto |language=pt }}</ref> Gicaso yari afite ibendera rya [[Angola]] mu birori byo gutangiza imikino Paralympike yo muri 2016 yabereye i [[Rio de Janeiro]] . <ref name=":02"/> Yarushanwe muri metero 100, metero 200, na metero 400 T11. <ref name=":02" /> Mu marushanwa mpuzamahanga y’imikino ngororamubiri ya Para muri 2017 yabereye i Londres, Gicaso yegukanye umudari wa feza muri metero 100 muri T11 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Scarr |first=Georgia |date=2017-07-24 |title=World Para Athletics Championships: Days 5-10 |url=http://www.runnersworld.co.uk/news/a775813/world-para-athletics-championships-days-5-10/ |access-date=2020-03-20 |website=Runner's World |language=en-GB}}</ref> n'umudari wa feza muri metero 200 T11. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Paralympic Games |first= |date=2017-07-17 |title=Women's 200m T11 {{!}} Final {{!}} London 2017 World Para Athletics Championship |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FDXNdIb--Js |url-status=live |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date= |website=YouTube}}</ref> Yatowe nk'umukinnyi ufite agaciro kurusha abandi muri 2017 n'ishyirahamwe ry'abakinnyi b'imikino Olempike muri [[Angola]]. <ref name=":02"/> == Ubuzima bwite == Gicaso aba i Maianga, muri Angola. Yigisha [[Igiporutigali|Igiporutugali]] ku ishuri rya Luanda . <ref name=":02"/> == Reba == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Uwiruka muri Tanzaniya]] k2j70ffcu9mipopexgvh3kmg0gsns0x 0 16401 148721 141025 2026-11-03T13:10:15Z NSHUTIYIMANA Moise 17987 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 148721 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox_v2 noarchive" | colspan="3" class="entete footballblack" style="background-color:#99cc99;color:#000000;" |Eric Miala Nkulukuta |- | colspan="3" style="text-align:center; line-height: 1.5em;" |[[Dosiye:Miala_Nkulukutu.jpg|link=Fichier:Miala_Nkulukutu.jpg|alt=Image illustrative de l’article Eric Miala Nkulukuta|290x290px]] |- ! colspan="3" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#99cc99; color:#000000" |Situation actuelle |- ! scope="row" |ikipe | colspan="2" |CS Don Bosco |- ! scope="row" |iNumero | colspan="2" |4 |- ! colspan="3" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#99cc99; color:#000000" |ibimuranga |- ! scope="row" |Ubwenegihugu | colspan="2" |<span class="flagicon">[[Dosiye:Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg|link=Fichier:Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg|alt=|border|class=noviewer|20x20px|[fr→rw]Drapeau : République démocratique du Congo]]</span> [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo|Congolais]] |- ! scope="row" |Naissance | colspan="2" |<time datetime="1982-09-06" class="nowrap date-lien bday" data-sort-value="1982-09-06">6 nzeri 1982</time> <span class="noprint">(40)</span> |- ! scope="row" |Uburemure | colspan="2" |metero 1,71 |- ! scope="row" |Poste | colspan="2" |myugariro |- ! colspan="3" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#99cc99; color:#000000" |umwuga |- |'''umwaka''' |'''ikipe''' |ibi |- | colspan="2" style="text-align:center;color:#3;" | |- | class="data" |2002-2007 | class="data" |<span class="flagicon">[[Dosiye:Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg|link=Fichier:Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg|alt=|border|class=noviewer|20x20px|[fr→rw]Drapeau : République démocratique du Congo]]</span> DC Motema Pembe | class="data" |57 (0) |- | class="data" |2007-2014 | class="data" |<span class="flagicon">[[Dosiye:Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg|link=Fichier:Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg|alt=|border|class=noviewer|20x20px|[fr→rw]Drapeau : République démocratique du Congo]]</span> TP Mazembe | class="data" |118 (2) |- | class="data" |2014- | class="data" |<span class="flagicon">[[Dosiye:Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg|link=Fichier:Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg|alt=|border|class=noviewer|20x20px|[fr→rw]Drapeau : République démocratique du Congo]]</span> CS Don Bosco |- ! colspan="3" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#99cc99; color:#000000" |ikipe |- |'''umwaka''' |'''ikipe''' |ib |- | colspan="2" style="text-align:center;color:#3;" | |- | class="data" |2004- | class="data" |<span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon">[[Dosiye:Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg|link=Fichier:Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg|alt=|border|class=noviewer|20x20px|[fr→rw]Drapeau : République démocratique du Congo]]</span> RD Congo</span> | class="data" |24 (0) |} [[Dosiye:TP Mazembe April 2011.jpg|thumb|Abakinnyi ba kinana na Eric muri TP Mazembe]] '''Eric Miala Nkulukuta''', (yavutse Ku ya 6 Nzeri 1982 i [[Kinshasa]]) ni umukinnyi ukina [[Umupira w’amaguru|umupira w'amaguru]] ukomoka muri congo. kuri ubu akina muri CS Don Bosco i Lubumbashi. == Ubuzima == === DC Motema Pembe === Nkulukuta yinjiye muri DCMP muri 2002 mu bihe bibiri (imikino 56 n'ibitego 0) === TP Mazembe === Yinjiye muri TP Mazembe muri 2007 kandi yitabira CAF Champions League muri 2007,2009,2010, 2011,2012, ebyiri muri zo zatsinzwe na TP Mazembe muri (2009,2010). === Igihe cya 11/12 === Yatsinze igitego kuri AS Veti Club hamwe n'umupira uturutse kure kuri metero 35. === Igihe cya 12/13 === Yatsinze igitego batsinze Saint Eloi Lupopo ku mupira yari ahawe na [[Guy Lusdisuu|Guy Lusadisu]] . === Igihe cya 13/14 === Nkulukuta akina gake na ikipe ye bizamutera kuva muri iyi kipe. === Igihe cya 14/15 === Ku ya 30 Kanama 2014 , Nkulukuta yinjiye muri CS Don Bosco. == Imibare == {| class="wikitable" !Igihe ! ikipe ! Imikino ! Intego |- | 2002-2003 |DC Motema Pembe | 2 | 0 |- | 2004-2005 |DC Motema Pembe | 19 | 0 |- | 2006-2007 |DC Motema Pembe | 28 | 0 |- | 2007-2008 |TP Mazembe | 32 | |- | 2009-2010 |TP Mazembe | 37 | 1 |- | 2011-2012 |TP Mazembe | 28 | 0 |- | 2012-2013 |TP Mazembe | 14 | 1 |- | 2013-2014 |TP Mazembe | 7 | 0 |} == Ibingwi == [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa Congo]] hjhzmki99g3ob8wzdba5ztvpi03c75f 0 16765 148509 145667 2026-11-03T12:34:05Z Baraka official 17008 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 148509 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:GambiaRoots024 (5418464600).jpg|thumb|Gambia roots hamwe muhantu nyaburanga wasura muri Gambia|232x232px]] [[Dosiye:Gambia (3564788493).jpg|thumb|Umukerarugendo wasuye icyanya kibamo ingona muri Kachikally |236x236px]] [[Dosiye:RiverGambia Janjanbureh 20190122 Upstream.jpg|thumb|Umugezi wa Gambia janjanbureh ukaba nawo ari hamwe muhantu nyaburanga muri Gambia|237x237px]] Inganda z’ubukerarugendo uyu munsi muri [[Gambiya]] zatangiye igihe ibirori by’abakerarugendo 300 bo muri Suwede bahageraga mu mwaka wa 1965. <ref name="backgroundnote">[https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/5459.htm Background Note: The Gambia]: Political Conditions, ''[[United States Department of State]]/[[Bureau of African Affairs]]'', 2006-03.<br /></ref> Urwo rugendo rw'ubupayiniya rwateguwe numu [[Suwede]] witwa Bertil Harding afatanije n'abashinzwe ingendo Vingresor. Byagaragaye nk'ahantu heza ho guhungira amezi akaze ya Scandinaviya aho Abanyaburayi batishimiraga gusa izuba, umucanga n’inyanja ahubwo bakanezerwa no kumenyera umunsi mukuru ny'afurika. Yatanze kandi ikiruhuko gishya kugirango umubare w’abanyaburayi batembera wiyongere. Umubare w’abashyitsi wariyongereye uva kuri ba mukerarugendo 300 mu mwaka wa 1965 ugera ku 25,000 mu mwaka wa 1976. <ref>Lonely Planet: The Gambia & Senegal</ref> Umubare wa ba mukerarugendo wakomeje kwiyongera cyane mu myaka yashize, kandi kubera ko guverinoma ishishikajwe no gutandukanya ubukungu, yemeje ko ubukerarugendo ari isoko ry’amafaranga yinjira mu mahanga. Nubwo, kwiyongera kwamamare nkahantu nyaburanga, iterambere ryibikorwa remezo ryatinze. [[Dosiye:Tourist Craft Store, Banjul, Gambia.jpg|thumb|Ububiko bwihangano by' ubugeni bigurishwa abakerarugendo buherereye muri Banjul mugihugu cya Gambia.]] == Ahantu hazwi mu gukurura bamukera rugendo == === Banjul === Banjul, [[umurwa]] mukuru wa Gambiya, ni agace gakunzwe na ba mukerarugendo. Abatuye uyu mujyi ni 34,828 gusa, hamwe n'agace k'''’'''akarere ka Banjul kanini, karimo Umujyi wa Banjul n’inama Njyanama y’Umujyi wa Kanifing, utuwe n’abaturage 357,238 (Ibarura mu mwaka wa 2003). Iherereye ku kirwa cya St Mary (Ikirwa cya Banjul) aho uruzi rwa Gambiya rwinjira mu nyanja ya Atalantika. Ikirwa cyahujwe n’umugabane wa gari ya moshi zitwara abagenzi n’imodoka mu majyaruguru n’ibiraro mu majyepfo. Banjul iherereye kuri 13 ° 28' mu majyaruguru, 16 ° 36' mu burengerazuba (13.4667, -16.60). <ref>[[Banjul]]</ref> === Jufureh === Jufureh, Juffureh, cyangwa Juffure ni umujyi wo muri Gambiya ukunzwe na ba mukerarugendo, ureshya nka kilometero 30 imbere ku nkombe y'amajyaruguru y'Uruzi rwa Gambiya mu gice cya Banki y'Amajyaruguru. Bivugwa ko ariho hashyizweho [[igitabo]] cyitwa Imizi: Saga y'umuryango w'abanyamerika. Ni inzu ndangamurage kandi iri hafi y'ikirwa cya James. Umuryango uvuga ko ukomoka kuri Kunta Kinte uracyaba hano. <ref>[http://www.accessgambia.com/information/jufure-village.html Juffure Village | Gambia]</ref> === Ikidendezi '''cy'ingona''' cya Kachikally === [[Dosiye:Gambia_008_from_KG.jpg|right|thumb|291x291px| Bakau]] '''Ikidendezi cy'ingona cya Kachikally''' giherereye hagati ya Bakau nko mu bilometero 10 (kilometero 16) uvuye mu murwa mukuru [[Banjul]]. Nimwe mubidendezi bitatu byingona byera bikoreshwa nkibibanza by'imihango y'uburumbuke. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070311090829/http://www.ncac.gm/other.html Historic and Sacred Sites in Gambia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070311090829/http://www.ncac.gm/other.html|date=2007-03-11}}</ref> Abandi ni Folonko muri Kombo y'Amajyepfo na Berending ku nkombe y'amajyaruguru. === Janjanbureh === [[Dosiye:RiverGambia Janjanbureh 20190122 Riverbank.jpg|thumb|umugezi wa janjanbureh muri gambia]] Janjanbureh cyangwa Jangjangbureh ni umujyi washinzwe mu mwaka wa 1732, ku kirwa cya Janjanbureh mu ruzi rwa Gambiya mu burasirazuba bwa Gambiya. Yahoze yitwa Georgetown kandi yari iya kabiri mu gihugu. Ubu ni umurwa mukuru w'igice cyo hagati cy'Uruzi rwagati kandi uzwi cyane nk'urugo rwa gereza nkuru ya Gambiya. Uruziga rw'amabuye rwa Wassu rungana nka kilometero 22 mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba bwa Lamin Koto, ku nkombe y'amajyaruguru hakurya ya Janjanbureh. Ni kamwe mu turere dukunzwe cyane muri Gambiya. <ref>[[Tourism in the Gambia#cite note-backgroundnote-0]]</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ubukerarugendo muri Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Ubukerarugendo]] [[Ikiciro:Gambiya]] 902h9fjrb9nw3jb8zd7cdas9g1035jz 0 16894 148508 137710 2026-11-03T12:33:40Z Baraka official 17008 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 148508 wikitext text/x-wiki RIM ni kigo cy’[[imari iciriritse]] cyashinzwe na [[Kiriziya Gatorika mu Rwanda|Kiliziya Gatorika]] mu [[Rwanda]], n'ikigo kimaze y’imyaka myinshi mu rugendo rukomeje rwo gukura abantu mu bukene.<ref name=":0">https://www.igihe.com/ubukungu/article/rim-yizihije-isabukuru-y-imyaka-15-imaze-ikura-abanyarwanda-mu-bukene</ref> == Gutangira == RIM ubwo yatangiraga gukora nk'ikigo cy’imari iciriritse hari muri Gicurasi 2004, ubwo yabonaga uruhushya urutangwa nda Banki nkuru y’igihugu, ruyemerera gukora nk’ikigo cy’imari muri Ukwakira muri uwo mwaka. Muri 1998 nibwo hatangiye ikigo cy’ikigega ku gitekerezo cyari icya Caritas ya [[Arikidiyosezi Gatolika ya Kigali|Arikidiyosezi ya Kigali]], ubwo yari ifatanyije na za Caritas zo muzindi diyoseze. Icyo kigega rero cyahise gitangira gutanga inguzanyo z’igihe gito kubantu bakene n’abakoraga ubucuruzi bwo mu muhanda bitaga nkunganire, kugeza ubwo muri 2004 cyemererwa na Banki nkuru y’u Rwanda nk’ikigo cy’imari cyemewe gukorera mu Rwanda.<ref name=":0" /> == Inguzanyo == Abatabgiranye na RIM yitwaga Nkunganire muri 1998. Icyo gihe ngo yafashaga abantu ibavana mu muhanda ikabaguriza bahera ku mafaranga ibihumbi 15,000 frw bagakora ubucuruzi buciriritse biteza imbere. Kuri ubu ngo ni abantu bafata inguzanyo ya miliyoni ebyiri muri RIM, akayakoresha mu bucuruzi. RIM urebye ikorera muri diyosezi zigera ku icyenda za [[Kiliziya Gatolika]], no muri maparuwasi 78 yazo. Ikaba ihafite amashami 36 akoresha ikoranabuhanga rimwe rigezweho ryorohereza abakiliya gukoresha serivisi zayo aho bari hose.<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ubucuruzi]] 3kchbd0jcp4yln6j2czjhn76ti7iysa 0 17355 148665 143768 2026-11-03T13:06:44Z Score Beethoven 11559 148665 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox umurenge}} '''Umurenge wa Mwiri''' ni umwe mu [[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|mirenge]] 12 igize [[Akarere ka Kayonza]], mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba|Ntara y'Iburasirazuba]] y’u [[Rwanda]]. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, Umurenge wa Mwiri wari utuwe n’abaturage 37 931. Igice cy’iburasirazuba cy’umurenge kiri muri [[Pariki y'Akagera]]. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → [[Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Uturere]] → Imirenge → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Ubumenyi bw’isi == [[Dosiye:Kayonza district map.jpg|thumb|left|Ikarita y’Akarere ka Kayonza]] Umurenge wa Mwiri ufite ubuso bwa km² 514,8.<ref name="cp">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/kayonza/5407__mwiri/ |title=Mwiri (Sector, Rwanda) – Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Ugizwe n’utugari tune: Kageyo, Migera, Nyamugari na Nyawera.<ref name="nisr">{{Cite web |url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kayonza_district_map.jpg |title=Kayonza District (ikarita) |publisher=National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda |date=2017-10-16 |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Uhana imbibi n’[[Umurenge wa Murundi]] mu majyaruguru. Uhana imbibi n’[[Umurenge wa Gahini]] mu burengerazuba. Uhana imbibi n’[[Umurenge wa Mukarange]] mu majyepfo y’uburengerazuba. Uhana imbibi n’[[Umurenge wa Rwinkwavu]] mu majyepfo. Igice cy’iburasirazuba cy’umurenge kiri muri Pariki y’Akagera.<ref name="nisr"/> == Abaturage == [[Dosiye:Parc National d'Akagera.jpg|thumb|left|Pariki y’Akagera]] Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2012, Umurenge wa Mwiri wari utuwe n’abaturage 22 933. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, wari utuwe n’abaturage 37 931. Abagabo bari 18 640. Abagore bari 19 291. Abaturage bose batuye mu cyaro.<ref name="cp"/> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Mwiri Sector|Amafoto y’Umurenge wa Mwiri]] kuri Wikimedia Commons {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Kayonza}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Kayonza|Mwiri]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Mwiri]] 1edtdwfnv67et2nf45gtkovvunf1p3x 0 17359 148761 147146 2026-11-03T15:12:30Z Score Beethoven 11559 148761 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Automatic taxobox | taxon = Chamaeleonidae | authority = Rafinesque, 1815 | image = Rough chameleon (Trioceros rudis).jpg | image_caption = ''Trioceros rudis'' hafi y'[[Ikirunga cya Karisimbi]] mu [[Rwanda]] }} '''Uruvu''' (izina ry'ubumenyi: ''Chamaeleonidae''; mu Gifaransa ''caméléon'', mu Cyongereza ''chameleon'') ni umuryango w'ibikururanda. Uruvu ruba cyane cyane muri [[Afurika]] no muri [[Madagasikari]]. Uruvu ruzwi kubera ko ruhindura ibara ry'uruhu. Rufite kandi ururimi rurerure n'amaso areba mu byerekezo bibiri icyarimwe. == Imiterere == [[Dosiye:Panther chameleon (Furcifer pardalis) male Montagne d’Ambre 3.jpg|thumb|left|''Furcifer pardalis'' wo muri Madagasikari]] Hari amoko arenga 150 y'uruvu.<ref name="sdz">{{Cite web |url=https://animals.sandiegozoo.org/animals/chameleon |title=Chameleon |website=San Diego Zoo Animals & Plants |access-date=2026-11-03 |language=en}}</ref> Amoko menshi aba muri Afurika no muri Madagasikari. Andi aba muri [[Aziya]] no mu [[Burayi]].<ref name="sdz"/> Uruvu rufatisha umurizo ku mashami y'ibiti. Ibirenge byarwo bifite amano agabanyijemo amatsinda abiri. Ayo mano arufasha kugundira amashami.<ref name="sdz"/> Amaso y'uruvu ahindukira buri rimwe ukwaryo. Uruvu rushobora kureba mu byerekezo bibiri icyarimwe.<ref name="umuryango">{{Cite web |url=https://umuryango.rw/ad-restricted/article/menya-imibereho-itangaje-y-uruvu-utari-uzi |title=Menya imibereho itangaje y'uruvu utari uzi |website=Umuryango |author=Muhire Jason |date=2018-09-01 |access-date=2026-11-03 |language=rw}}</ref><ref name="sdz"/> == Ihinduka ry'ibara == Uruvu ruhindura ibara ry'uruhu bitewe n'amarangamutima yarwo, nk'uburakari cyangwa ubwoba. Ibara rihinduka kandi bitewe n'urumuri, [[ubushyuhe]] n'ubuhehere.<ref name="umuryango"/> Abantu benshi batekereza ko uruvu ruhindura ibara kugira ngo rwisanishe n'aho ruri. Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko atari ko biri.<ref name="umuryango"/> == Imirire == Uruvu rurya cyane cyane udukoko, nk'inzige. Amoko manini arya kandi [[inyoni]] nto.<ref name="sdz"/> Uruvu rufata umuhigo rukoresheje ururimi. Ururimi rwarwo rushobora kureshya n'inshuro ebyiri z'uburebure bw'umubiri.<ref name="umuryango"/> == Imyororokere == Amoko amwe y'uruvu atera amagi. Amoko mato atera amagi hagati ya 2 na 4. Amoko manini ashobora gutera amagi 80 kugeza ku 100.<ref name="umuryango"/> Andi moko abyara ibyana bizima. Ubwoko bumwe bushobora kubyara ibyana bigera kuri 30 nyuma y'amezi ane kugeza kuri atandatu.<ref name="umuryango"/> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Chamaeleonidae|Amafoto y'uruvu]] kuri Wikimedia Commons [[Ikiciro:Ibikururanda]] 99pu3kqgfed1a84xsv6ykb1d63q81m9 0 17444 148691 143792 2026-11-03T13:07:50Z Score Beethoven 11559 148691 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox umurenge}} '''Umurenge wa Nyarugenge''' ni umwe mu [[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|mirenge]] 15 igize [[Akarere ka Bugesera]], mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba|Ntara y'Iburasirazuba]] y’u [[Rwanda]]. Uri ku mupaka w’[[Uburundi]]. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, Umurenge wa Nyarugenge wari utuwe n’abaturage 25 406. Hari undi murenge witwa Nyarugenge mu [[Akarere ka Nyarugenge|Karere ka Nyarugenge]], mu Mujyi wa [[Kigali]]. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → [[Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Uturere]] → Imirenge → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Ubumenyi bw’isi == [[Dosiye:Bugesera district map.jpg|thumb|left|upright=0.7|Ikarita y’Akarere ka Bugesera]] Umurenge wa Nyarugenge ni umwe mu mirenge 15 y’Akarere ka Bugesera.<ref name="cp-d">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/57__bugesera/ |title=Bugesera (District, Rwanda) – Sectors |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Ugizwe n’utugari dutanu: Gihinga, Kabuye, Murambi, Ngenda na Rugando.<ref name="nisr-map">{{Cite web |url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bugesera_district_map.jpg |title=Bugesera District (ikarita) |publisher=National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda |date=2017-10-16 |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Uhana imbibi n’Umurenge wa Shyara mu majyaruguru. Uhana imbibi n’Umurenge wa Mareba mu majyaruguru y’iburasirazuba. Uhana imbibi n’Umurenge wa Ruhuha mu burasirazuba. Mu burengerazuba, uruzi rw’Akanyaru rutandukanya umurenge n’[[Akarere ka Nyanza]]. Mu majyepfo, umurenge uhana imbibi n’Uburundi. [[Ikiyaga cya Cohoha|Ikiyaga cya Cyohoha y’Amajyepfo]] kiri kuri uwo mupaka.<ref name="nisr-map"/> == Abaturage == Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2012, Umurenge wa Nyarugenge wari utuwe n’abaturage 20 753. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, wari utuwe n’abaturage 25 406.<ref name="cp">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/bugesera/5711__nyarugenge/ |title=Nyarugenge (Sector, Rwanda) – Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Abagabo bari 12 181. Abagore bari 13 225. Abaturage 5 688 batuye mu mujyi. Abaturage 19 718 batuye mu cyaro.<ref name="nisr">{{Cite web |url=https://statistics.gov.rw/sites/default/files/2025-05/BUGESERA.pdf |title=Fifth Population and Housing Census, Rwanda, 2022: District Profile, Bugesera |publisher=National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda |date=September 2023 |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20240502214410/https://www.bugesera.gov.rw/default-05333b7a14 ''Menya Bugesera''] kuri ''bugesera.gov.rw'' * [[commons:Category:Bugesera District|Amafoto y’Akarere ka Bugesera]] kuri Wikimedia Commons {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Bugesera}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Bugesera|Nyarugenge]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Nyarugenge]] cmxopas8d2nc0fwvbbv19i4jnbru0vw 0 17484 148628 143811 2026-11-03T13:05:07Z Score Beethoven 11559 148628 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox umurenge}} '''Umurenge wa Kigabiro''' ni umwe mu mirenge 14 igize [[Akarere ka Rwamagana]], mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]], mu [[Rwanda]]. Ugizwe n'utugari 5. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, Umurenge wa Kigabiro wari utuwe n'abaturage 47 358. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → [[Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Uturere]] → Imirenge → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Utugari == [[Dosiye:Rwanda, Rwamagana District.png|thumb|left|Ikarita y'Akarere ka Rwamagana]] Umurenge wa Kigabiro ni umwe mu mirenge 14 y'Akarere ka Rwamagana. Ugizwe n'[[Akagari|utugari]] 5:<ref name="rwamagana">{{Cite web |url=https://www.rwamagana.gov.rw/akarere/abanyamabanga-nshingwabikorwa-bimirenge |title=Imirenge n'Utugari |website=rwamagana.gov.rw |language=rw |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616031406/https://www.rwamagana.gov.rw/akarere/abanyamabanga-nshingwabikorwa-bimirenge |archive-date=2023-06-16 |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> {{div col|colwidth=15em}} * Bwiza * Cyanya * Nyagasenyi * Sibagire * Sovu {{div col end}} == Ubuyobozi == Mu 2023, Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa w'Umurenge wa Kigabiro yari Marc Rushimisha.<ref name="rwamagana" /> == Abaturage == Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2012, Umurenge wa Kigabiro wari utuwe n'abaturage 32 730. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, wari utuwe n'abaturage 47 358. Muri bo, 34 360 babaga mu mujyi. Umurenge ufite ubuso bwa km² 37,74.<ref name="citypop">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/rwamagana/5105__kigabiro/ |title=Kigabiro (Sector, Rwanda) |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> == Ibikorwa remezo == Gare ya Rwamagana iri hagati mu [[Rwamagana|mujyi wa Rwamagana]], mu Murenge wa Kigabiro. Yatashywe ku wa 11 Gashyantare 2019. Ibice byayo bibiri bya mbere byatwaye amafaranga y'u Rwanda arenga miliyoni 670.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/gare-ya-rwamagana-irimo-na-internet-yatashywe-nyuma-yo-gutwara-asaga-miliyoni |title=Gare ya Rwamagana irimo na internet yatashywe nyuma yo gutwara miliyoni 670 Frw |website=IGIHE |date=2019-02-11 |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Kigabiro Sector|Amafoto y'Umurenge wa Kigabiro]] kuri Wikimedia Commons {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Rwamagana}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Rwamagana]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Kigabiro]] ou0d6tn6afm3f3ywnkk94olj2yfgtf1 0 17486 148608 143843 2026-11-03T13:04:22Z Score Beethoven 11559 148608 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Hatnote|Ntukitiranye n’[[Umurenge wa Gashari]] wo mu [[Akarere ka Karongi]].}} {{Infobox umurenge}} '''Umurenge wa Gishari''' (cyangwa '''Gishali''') ni umwe mu [[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|mirenge]] 14 igize [[Akarere ka Rwamagana]], mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba|Ntara y'Iburasirazuba]] y’u [[Rwanda]]. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, Umurenge wa Gishari wari utuwe n’abaturage 36 692. Uri ku nkombe y’[[Ikiyaga cya Muhazi]]. Muri uyu murenge hari ishuri ry’amahugurwa rya Polisi y’u Rwanda na [[IPRC Gishari]]. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → [[Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Uturere]] → Imirenge → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Ubumenyi bw’isi == Umurenge wa Gishari ufite ubuso bwa km² 45,1.<ref name="cp">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/rwamagana/5103__gishali/ |title=Gishali (Sector, Rwanda) – Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Ugizwe n’utugari turindwi: Binunga, [[Akagari ka Bwinsanga|Bwinsanga]], Gati, Kavumu, Kinyana, Ruhimbi na Ruhunda.<ref name="rwamagana">{{Cite web |url=https://www.rwamagana.gov.rw/akarere/abanyamabanga-nshingwabikorwa-bimirenge |title=Imirenge n’Utugari |website=Akarere ka Rwamagana |language=rw |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616031406/https://www.rwamagana.gov.rw/akarere/abanyamabanga-nshingwabikorwa-bimirenge |archive-date=2023-06-16 |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Uhana imbibi n’[[Ikiyaga cya Muhazi]] mu majyaruguru. Hakurya y’ikiyaga hari [[Akarere ka Gatsibo]]. Uhana imbibi n’Umurenge wa Muhazi mu burasirazuba. Uhana imbibi n’[[Umurenge wa Munyiginya]] mu burengerazuba. Uhana imbibi n’[[Umurenge wa Mwulire]] n’[[Umurenge wa Kigabiro]] mu majyepfo.<ref name="nisr">{{Cite web |url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Rwamagana_district_Map.jpg |title=Rwamagana District (ikarita) |publisher=National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda |date=2017-11-10 |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> == Abaturage == Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2012, Umurenge wa Gishari wari utuwe n’abaturage 23 033. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, wari utuwe n’abaturage 36 692. Abagabo bari 18 405. Abagore bari 18 287. Abaturage 14 759 bari batuye mu mujyi. Abaturage 21 933 bari batuye mu cyaro.<ref name="cp"/> == Ibigo by’ingenzi == [[Dosiye:Gishari police training school (cropped).jpg|thumb|left|Ishuri ry’amahugurwa rya Polisi rya Gishari]] Ishuri ry’amahugurwa rya Polisi y’u Rwanda rya Gishari (''Police Training School Gishari'') riri mu Karere ka Rwamagana. Ritanga amasomo y’ibanze ku bapolisi bashya. Mu Ukwakira 2024, abantu 2 200 barangirije muri iri shuri amasomo y’ibanze ya polisi.<ref name="ktpress">{{Cite web |url=https://www.ktpress.rw/2024/10/rwanda-national-police-gains-new-blood-as-2200-complete-basic-police-course/ |title=Rwanda National Police Gains New Blood As 2,200 Complete Basic Police Course |website=KT Press |date=2024-10-26 |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> [[IPRC Gishari]] yahoze yitwa ''Gishari Integrated Polytechnic''. Yafunguwe mu 2013. Yashinzwe na Polisi y’u Rwanda n’Ikigo gishinzwe guteza imbere ubumenyi bw’abakozi (WDA).<ref name="newtimes">{{Cite web |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/138208/News/gishari-integrated-polytechnic-rolls-out-160-at-first-graduation |title=Gishari Integrated Polytechnic rolls out 160 at first graduation |website=The New Times |date=2017-02-22 |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Ikigo Bella Flowers gihinga indabo mu Murenge wa Gishari. Mu 2019, cyari gifite indabo kuri hegitari 32. Nibura 60 % by’indabo zacyo zoherezwa mu [[Ubuholandi]].<ref name="naeb">{{Cite web |url=https://www.naeb.gov.rw/publications/news/bella-flowers-rwanda-s-company-exporting-millions-of-fresh-cut-roses |title=Bella Flowers: Rwanda’s Company Exporting Millions of Fresh Cut Roses |publisher=National Agricultural Export Development Board (NAEB) |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Gishali Sector|Amafoto y’Umurenge wa Gishari]] kuri Wikimedia Commons {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Rwamagana}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Rwamagana|Gishari]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Gishari]] 5w1epq547t0oh4icvf5kotq7svyrhpm 0 17689 148661 143894 2026-11-03T13:06:32Z Score Beethoven 11559 148661 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox umurenge}} '''Umurenge wa Musanze''' ni umwe mu [[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|mirenge]] 15 igize [[Akarere ka Musanze]], mu [[Intara y’Amajyaruguru y’u Rwanda|Ntara y’Amajyaruguru]] y’u [[Rwanda]]. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, Umurenge wa Musanze wari utuwe n'abaturage 47 720. Ugizwe n'utugari 5 n'imidugudu 33. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → [[Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Uturere]] → Imirenge → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Utugari == [[Dosiye:Rwanda, Musanze District.png|thumb|left|Ikarita y'Akarere ka Musanze]] Akarere ka Musanze kagizwe n'imirenge 15, utugari 68 n'imidugudu 432. Umurenge wa Musanze ugizwe n'[[Akagari|utugari]] 5 n'imidugudu 33.<ref name="impine">{{Cite web |url=https://www.musanze.gov.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/musanze/Inyandiko/NJYANAMA/MUSANZE_BOOKLET_BUDGET_2022_2023_VALIDATED.pdf |title=Impine y'ingengo y'imari n'ibikorwa by'ingenzi mu umwaka wa 2022-2023 |website=Akarere ka Musanze |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Utugari tw'Umurenge wa Musanze ni utu:<ref name="mindat">{{Cite web |url=https://www.mindat.org/feature-11186850.html |title=Musanze, Musanze District, Northern Province, Rwanda |website=Mindat |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> {{div col|colwidth=15em}} * Cyabagarura * Garuka * Kabazungu * Nyarubuye * Rwambogo {{div col end}} == Abaturage == Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2012, Umurenge wa Musanze wari utuwe n'abaturage 31 864. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, wari utuwe n'abaturage 47 720. Abagabo bari 22 478. Abagore bari 25 242.<ref name="citypop">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/musanze/4310__musanze/ |title=Musanze (Sector, Rwanda) – Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Abaturage 25 817 batuye mu mujyi. Abaturage 21 903 batuye mu cyaro.<ref name="citypop"/> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Musanze Sector|Amafoto y’Umurenge wa Musanze]] kuri Wikimedia Commons {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Musanze}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Musanze|Musanze]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Musanze]] c8skp9mv51alx0aqx8ih5p1ogkcwdpa 0 17777 148887 147474 2026-11-04T11:44:20Z Baraka official 17008 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 148887 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Standing Wheelchair By- Redman Power Chair.jpg|thumb|Intebe ihagaze]] [[Dosiye:Levo Freisteller 025.jpg|thumb|Levo Freisteller ]] '''Intebe ihagaze y'abafite ubumuga (mu [[Icyongereza]]:Standing wheelchair)''' (izwi kandi nk'intebe '''ihagaze''', '''ikiziga kizunguruka''' cyangwa '''igihagararo''' ) ni [[:en:Assistive_technology|tekinoroji ifasha]], isa [[Standing frame|n'ikadiri ihagaze]], ituma umukoresha [[Wheelchair|w’ibimuga]] azamura intebe kuva yicaye kugeza aho ihagaze. Intebe yimuga ihagaze ishyigikira umuntu mumwanya uhagaze kandi igafasha imikoranire nabantu nibintu kurwego rwamaso. == Ishusho n'imikorere == Mugihe bose bafite imikorere yibanze, hari byinshi bitandukanye mubimuga bihagaze. Nibikoresho bifasha, intebe zintebe zihagaze zakozwe mbere na mbere ukurikije ibyo abakoresha babo bakeneye. Uburyo bwo guterura bwinjizwamo bushobora gukoreshwa nintoki cyangwa gukoreshwa [[:en:Hydraulic_machinery|nibikoresho bya hydraulic]] bigereranya imbaraga. Ibiziga birashobora kandi gukoreshwa nimbaraga cyangwa intoki. [[:en:Alloy_steel|Amavuta]] akoreshwa mubyuma bikoreshwa mubikorwa kugirango habeho kuringaniza kuramba, imbaraga, guhinduka no kumurika, icyakora hariho ibyuma biremereye kandi byoroshye birahari. Moderi yihariye yubatswe kugirango ikoreshwe buri gihe mugihe izindi zifasha gusa mubikorwa byihariye. <ref>https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2022.06.485</ref> Intebe zimwe z’ibimuga zihagaze zishobora no kwirukanwa aho zihagaze, icyakora hari impungenge z’ubuvuzi zongera ibyago byo kuvunika amagufwa mugihe utwaye kubera amaguru ari munsi yumutwaro uremereye. <ref name=":0">https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10400430903175622</ref> == Gusuzuma no kubakoresha == Intebe z’ibimuga zihagarara zikoreshwa n’abantu bafite [[ubumuga]] bworoheje kandi bukabije harimo: [[:en:Spinal_cord_injury|gukomeretsa uruti rwumugongo]], [[:en:Traumatic_brain_injury|gukomeretsa ubwonko bwubwonko]] [[:en:Cerebral_palsy|, ubumuga bwubwonko]], [[:en:Spina_bifida|spina bifida]], [[:en:Muscular_dystrophy|dystrofi yimitsi]], [[:en:Multiple_sclerosis|sclerose nyinshi]], [[:en:Stroke|stroke]], [[:en:Rett_syndrome|syndrome ya rett]], [[:en:Post-polio_syndrome|syndrome ya polio]] nibindi byinshi. Intebe zihagaze zikoreshwa nabantu bafite [[:en:Paraplegia|paraplegia]] na [[:en:Quadriplegia|quadriplegia]], kubera ko uburyo butandukanye bwo guhagarara burahari kugirango habeho ubumuga bworoheje-bukabije. == Inyungu zubuzima == Ubushakashatsi bwinshi bwerekana ibimenyetso byintebe zintebe zihagaze zitanga inyungu zubuzima kurenza bagenzi babo badafite imashini. Zimwe muri izo nyungu zirimo [[:en:Circulatory_system|kuzenguruka]] neza, [[:en:Bone_density|ubwinshi bwamagufwa]], hamwe ningaruka nke zo [[:en:Muscle_contraction|kwaguka kw'imitsi]] no guhindura skelete. <ref name=":02">https://www.statnews.com/2022/09/12/medicare-needs-to-update-its-wheelchair-coverage-for-the-21st-century/</ref> Abashakashatsi benshi hamwe n’abakoresha bavuga ko inyungu atari umubiri gusa - uburyo bunini bwo kugenda butangwa n’ibimuga by’ibimuga bihagaze bifasha abakoresha kubaho ubuzima bwigenga, bikavamo ubuzima bwiza bwo mu mutwe ndetse n’ubuzima bwiza. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Meade |first=Paul Amadeus Lane, Jim |date=2022-09-12 |title=Medicare needs to update its wheelchair coverage for the 21st century |url=https://www.statnews.com/2022/09/12/medicare-needs-to-update-its-wheelchair-coverage-for-the-21st-century/ |access-date=2023-12-04 |website=STAT |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>https://www.statnews.com/2023/06/05/cms-power-wheelchairs-seat-elevation-coverage/</ref> == Inyandiko n'inkunga muri Amerika == Intebe zimuga zihagaze ziza kubiciro benshi batekereza ko bitagerwaho, hamwe na verisiyo zikoreshwa kuva $ 10,000- $ 15,000. Uku kutagerwaho kwatumye ibigo byubwishingizi byinjiza ikoranabuhanga muri gahunda zabo zisanzwe. Mu mwaka wa 2020, [https://itemcoalition.org/ Ubwigenge Binyuze mu Kongera Ubuvuzi n’Ubuvuzi] (ITEM) bwiyambaje Ikigo gishinzwe [[:en:Medicare_(United_States)|ubuvuzi]] [[:en:Medicaid|n’ubuvuzi]] (CMS), busaba intebe z’ibimuga zihagaze hamwe n’ibimuga by’ibimuga bifite intebe zashyizwe hejuru n’ingufu zishyirwa mu [[:en:Durable_medical_equipment|nyungu z’ibikoresho by’ubuvuzi biramba]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Young |first=Kerry Dooley |date=2023-06-05 |title=For many who use power wheelchairs, CMS decision just made seat elevation much less expensive |url=https://www.statnews.com/2023/06/05/cms-power-wheelchairs-seat-elevation-coverage/ |access-date=2023-12-04 |website=STAT |language=en-US}}</ref> Icyo cyifuzo cyatanzwe igice muri Gicurasi 2023, kubera ko CMS yashyizemo intebe y’ibimuga ifite intebe yazamuye ingufu mu nyungu kandi bivugako intebe z’ibimuga zihagaze zizasuzumwa ejo hazaza. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Article – Power Mobility Devices – Policy Article (A52498) |url=https://www.cms.gov/medicare-coverage-database/view/article.aspx?articleid=52498&ver=35& |access-date=2023-12-04 |website=cms.gov}}</ref> Kugeza ubu, Medicare irashobora gufasha gutera inkunga igice cyintebe y’ibimuga ihagaze, mugihe inkunga ya Medicaid iratandukanye bitewe na leta zitandukanye muri Amerika Amasosiyete menshi yubwishingizi, imiryango ishinzwe gusubiza mu buzima busanzwe imyuga, hamwe n’abashinzwe ibibazo by’ubuvuzi bagenda batera inkunga intebe z’ibimuga zihagaze kubera ubuzima bw'igihe kirekire n'ubwiza bw'ubuzima buturuka ku guhagarara gusa. == Inyandiko nziza == Inkunga (inkunga ya leta cyangwa ubwishingizi) kubikoresho bihagaze birashoboka, ariko mubisanzwe bisaba gutsindishirizwa mubuvuzi hamwe nibaruwa ikenera [[:en:Medical_necessity|ubuvuzi]] ( [[Ubuvuzi|ibisobanuro]] birambuye) byanditswe numuvuzi wumubiri cyangwa inzobere mubuvuzi. == Inkomoko y'inkunga == Muri Reta zunzubumwe za Amerika hariho uburyo butandukanye bwo kugura [[:en:Durable_medical_equipment|ibikoresho byubuvuzi biramba]] (DME) nkibimuga bihagaze: * Ubwishingizi rusange / inkunga ya leta (ni ukuvuga [[:en:Medicaid|Medicaid]], Waivers, nibindi) * Ibigo byubwishingizi bwigenga (ni ukuvuga [[:en:Blue_Cross_Blue_Shield_Association|blue cross]], [[:en:Health_maintenance_organization|imiryango ishinzwe ubuzima]] (HMOs), PPOs, nibindi) * [[:en:Worker's_compensation|Indishyi z'abakozi]] * Ubwishingizi bw'abafite ubumuga * Ubwishingizi bw'inshingano (ni ukuvuga imodoka, urugo, n'ibindi) * [[:en:Out-of-pocket_expenses|Hanze y'umufuka]] (amafaranga cyangwa ikarita y'inguzanyo) * Gahunda yo kwishyura ishoboka binyuze kubitanga * Kugura ishuri ryumwana kugirango akoreshwe kwishuri (nukuvuga guhagarara biri muri [[:en:Individualized_Education_Program|gahunda yuburezi bwihariye]] bwumwana (IEP)) * Kugura kumurimo kugirango ukoreshe mugihe uri kukazi * Kugura ukoresheje [[:en:VA_Hospital|ibitaro bya VA]] * Imfashanyo ituruka mumatsinda yaho (ni ukuvuga Rotary clubs, [[Intare]], nibindi) * Imfashanyo ituruka mumatsinda yubumuga (ni ukuvuga MDA, MS Society, nibindi) [[Intara]] nyinshi zifite amikoro nka PAAT (Kurinda ubuvugizi bufasha mu ikoranabuhanga) hamwe n’imishinga ifasha ikoranabuhanga rya Leta bikaba umutungo w’abaguzi bashaka inkunga cyangwa banyura mu nzira z’ubujurire. == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ubumuga]] [[Ikiciro:Isi]] [[Ikiciro:Ubufasha bwibanze]] [[Ikiciro:Uburenganzira bwa muntu]] fsxi7b5c7whuxiabmx96trhgmxm58dw 0 17872 148704 143790 2026-11-03T13:08:25Z Score Beethoven 11559 148704 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox umurenge}} '''Umurenge wa Rukira''' ni umwe mu mirenge 14 igize [[Akarere ka Ngoma]], mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba|Ntara y'Iburasirazuba]] y'u [[Rwanda]]. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, Umurenge wa Rukira wari utuwe n'abaturage 29 893. Muri uyu murenge hari [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Rukira]]. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → [[Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Uturere]] → Imirenge → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Imiterere == [[Dosiye:Rwanda, Ngoma District.png|thumb|left|Ikarita y'Akarere ka Ngoma]] Umurenge wa Rukira ni umwe mu mirenge 14 y'Akarere ka Ngoma.<ref name="menya">{{Cite web |url=https://www.ngoma.gov.rw/akarere/1 |title=Menya Ngoma |website=ngoma.gov.rw |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> == Abaturage == Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2012, Umurenge wa Rukira wari utuwe n'abaturage 25 250. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, wari utuwe n'abaturage 29 893.<ref name="cp">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/ngoma/5610__rukira/ |title=Rukira (Sector, Rwanda) – Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Muri bo, abagabo bari 14 301, abagore bari 15 592.<ref name="cp"/> Abaturage 2 828 bari batuye mu mujyi. Abaturage 27 065 bari batuye mu cyaro.<ref name="cp"/> == Urwibutso rwa Jenoside == [[Dosiye:RukiraGenocideMemorial04.jpg|thumb|left|Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Rukira]] Mu Murenge wa Rukira hari [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Rukira]]. Urwo rwibutso rwibuka abazize [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994]]. == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Rukira Sector|Amafoto y'Umurenge wa Rukira]] kuri Wikimedia Commons {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Ngoma}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Ngoma]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Rukira]] rhndwzznx876186hzu05t3lfd029lvr 0 17905 148539 128211 2026-11-03T12:58:24Z NSHUTIYIMANA Moise 17987 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 148539 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vevent" |+ class="infobox-title summary" id="4" |Idirishya-ry'abafite ubumuga bwo kutabona ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap;" | [[Programmer|Iterambere (s)]] | class="infobox-data" | GW Micro, Inc. |- class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap;" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap;" | Irekurwa ryambere | class="infobox-data" | 1995 <span class="noprint">&#x3B;&#x20;28&nbsp;imyaka yashize</span><span style="display:none">&nbsp;( <span class="bday dtstart published updated">1995</span> )</span> <ref name="verhistory"><cite class="citation web cs1"><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="83">[https://web.archive.org/web/20220702212817/http://www.gwmicro.com/window-eyes/version_history/ "GW Micro - Windows Eyes - Version History"]. </span><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="84">GW Micro, Inc<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 April</span> 2016</span>.</span></cite></ref> |- style="display: none;" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" | |} [[Dosiye:Eyes of a child in the letter hole.jpg|thumb]] '''Window-Eyes''' ni umusomyi w'insakaza amashusho kuri sisitemu y'imikorere ya Microsoft Windows, yakozwe itezwa imbere na GW Micro. Inyandiko ya mbere yasohotse mu mwaka 1995. <ref name="verhistory"/> == Ibiranga == [[Dosiye:I will lift mine eyes unto the hills.... - geograph.org.uk - 1307446.jpg|thumb]] Window-Eyes 9.4 ihuza na Windows Vista, Windows Server 2008, Windows 7, Windows 8, na Windows 10. <ref>{{Cite web |title=GW Micro - Windows Eyes - Demo |url=http://www.gwmicro.com/Window-Eyes/Demo/ |access-date=11 April 2016 |publisher=GW Micro, Inc. |archive-date=10 April 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160410161224/http://www.gwmicro.com/Window-Eyes/Demo/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Window-Eyes 7 yongeyeho inkunga y'inganda zisanzwe zandikwa, zishobora gukoreshwa mu guhindura igenamiterere ryihariye muri Window-Eyes, kugenzura ibice bya indangamashusho kubikorwa runaka, mu gusobanura hotkeys, n'isubiramo mu gutangiza imirimo . <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.gwmicro.com/App_Central/ |title=Window-Eyes App Central |access-date=2024-01-27 |archive-date=2022-11-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221126194430/https://www.gwmicro.com/App_Central/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amateka == Window-Eyes yakozwe na GW Micro, isosiyete ikorera i Fort Wayne, m'[[Ubuhinde]]. <ref name="GW Micro Homepage">{{Cite web |url=http://www.gwmicro.com/ |title=GW Micro company website |access-date=2024-01-27 |archive-date=2017-05-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170517192523/http://www.gwmicro.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Window-Eyes yakozwe mu ndimi 14, naho verisiyo y'[[Icyongereza]] ikubiyemo indimi icyenda zandikirwa mu rurimi, harimo cyangwa hakubiwemo Icyongereza cyo muri [[Amerika]], Icyongereza cyo m'[[Ubwongereza]], [[Icyesipanyole|Icyesipanyoli]] cyo muri [[Esipanye|Espanye]], Icyesipanyoli cyo muri [[Megizike]], [[Igifaransa]], Igifaransa cy'abanyakanada, [[Ikidage]], Igitaliyani, n'Igiporutugali. <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.gwmicro.com/Window-Eyes/Non-English_Languages/ |title=Window-Eyes Non-English Languages |access-date=2024-01-27 |archive-date=2018-01-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180107232926/http://www.gwmicro.com/Window-Eyes/Non-English_Languages/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> GW Micro yaguzwe cyangwa yahujwe na AI Squared mu mwaka 2014, isosiyete ikomatanya igumana URL za gwmicro.com, ariko imbuga zahinduwe nka 'AI Squared'. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-10-22 |title=Ai Squared And GW Micro Merge Forces - Ai Squared |url=https://www.aisquared.com/news/ai-squared-and-gw-micro-merge-forces/ |access-date=2024-01-27 |archive-date=2019-04-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190416122825/https://www.aisquared.com/news/ai-squared-and-gw-micro-merge-forces/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Muri Nyakanga mu mwaka 2017, ibicuruzwa ntibyari bigitangwa mu kugurishwa muri Amerika no mugihugu cya Kanada, kandi n'inkunga yo kugura gusa niyo yari yatanzwe gusa. Ni isosiyete isaba abakiriya bashya aho gukoresha JAWS k'umusomyi mu insakazamashusho. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Welcome to GW Micro |url=https://www.gwmicro.com/ |access-date=2017-07-18 |archive-date=2017-07-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170718013540/http://www.gwmicro.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} re49ogko4a56v1hdusmgapifxkex488 0 18125 148775 144238 2026-11-03T15:44:23Z Score Beethoven 11559 148775 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:BPR_bank_of_Rwanda.jpg|thumb|BPR Bank Rwanda PLC]] [[Dosiye:Kigali city.jpg|thumb|mutesiyavukiye murwanda mumujyi wa kigali]]{{Databox|excludeProperties=Q127274622}} '''Mutesi Patience''' yavutse mu 1981, mu mudugudu witwa Murang'a muri [[Kenya]], ni Umuyobozi wa BPR Bank Rwanda PLC kuva Gashyantare 1, 2023.<ref name=":0">https://www.ktpress.rw/2023/01/patience-mutesi-appointed-new-bpr-bank-managing-director/</ref><ref>https://www.cnbcafrica.com/media/6319984644112/</ref>Mutesi yabaye umuyobozi wa Mark East East mu igihugu cy’u Rwanda kuva mu 2016.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/122764/News/ecobanks-patience-mutesi-tips-girls-on-success</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |url=https://giih.ur.ac.rw/innovationweek/index.php/speaker/ms-patience-mutesi/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-03-25 |archive-date=2024-03-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240325161738/https://giih.ur.ac.rw/innovationweek/index.php/speaker/ms-patience-mutesi/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/4512/news/business/patience-mutesi-named-bpr-bank-rwanda-boss</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://kura.rw/use-your-knowledge-to-build-the-country-patience-mutesis-advice-to-the-youth/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-03-25 |archive-date=2024-03-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240325160234/https://kura.rw/use-your-knowledge-to-build-the-country-patience-mutesis-advice-to-the-youth/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://rdb.rw/rwanda-development-board-and-trade-mark-east-africa-partner-to-build-local-business-capacity-and-support-access-to-export-markets/</ref> == Amashuri == Mutesi yavukiye muri [[Kenya]] ku babyeyi b'impunzi z'u [[Rwanda]] ariko1994 yimukira muri [[Ubugande|Uganda]] aho yize amashuri kugera kuri Kaminuza. Yize icyiciro cya mbere cy'amashuri y'isumbuye mu ishuri rya Maryhill High School riherereye mu burengerazuba bwa [[Ubugande|Uganda]], nyuma yakomereje ku ishuri rya Nabisunsa Girls’ School in central [[Ubugande|Uganda]]. Muri 2001 yakomeje muri Kaminuza ya Makerere University, Kampala. Aho yakuye Impamyabumenyi ya siyanse muri Quantitative Economics mu 2004.<ref name=":2">https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/122764/News/ecobanks-patience-mutesi-tips-girls-on-success</ref> [[Dosiye:Makerere University tower.jpg|thumb|Kaminuza ya Makerere Mutesi yizeho]] [[Dosiye:Ecobank Logo.svg|thumb|Mutesi yakoze no muri Ecobank]] Muri 2012, Mutesi yarangije Masters 'mu buyobozi bw'ubucuruzi yavanye mu ishuri rya Maastrich School of Management.<ref name=":2" /> == Amateka == Mutesi mbere yakoze muri [[Ecobank Rwanda|Ecobank]] y'u Rwanda nk'umuyobozi wa Corporate Banking, kandi yagiye akora no mu nzego zitandukanye nk'umwe mu bagize Inama y'Ubuyobozi. Yabaye umwe mu bagize inama y'ubutegetsi muri BPR Bank Rwanda, [[MTN Rwanda]], Ubufatanye bw'u Rwanda ([[icyongereza]]: Rwanda Cooperation (RCI) no mu nama ngishwanama y'Ikigega cya One Acre Fund-Rwanda.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://africanleadersmagazine.com/patience-mutesi-newly-appointed-managing-director-of-bpr-bank-rwanda-plc/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-03-25 |archive-date=2024-03-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240325160237/https://africanleadersmagazine.com/patience-mutesi-newly-appointed-managing-director-of-bpr-bank-rwanda-plc/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://africanleadersmagazine.com/patience-mutesi-newly-appointed-managing-director-of-bpr-bank-rwanda-plc/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-03-25 |archive-date=2024-03-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240325160237/https://africanleadersmagazine.com/patience-mutesi-newly-appointed-managing-director-of-bpr-bank-rwanda-plc/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore mu bucuruzi]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore ba abayobozi]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore babanyapolitike]] [[Ikiciro:Banki zo mu Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ibigo by'imari]] lcly0lmzc14lpseqdjrznsm8qg593in 0 18416 148667 147955 2026-11-03T13:06:47Z Score Beethoven 11559 148667 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox umurenge}} '''Umurenge wa Mwulire''' ni umwe mu mirenge 14 igize [[Akarere ka Rwamagana]], mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]], mu [[Rwanda]]. Ugizwe n'utugari 4. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, Umurenge wa Mwulire wari utuwe n'abaturage 33 936. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → [[Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Uturere]] → Imirenge → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Utugari == [[Dosiye:Rwanda, Rwamagana District.png|thumb|left|Ikarita y'Akarere ka Rwamagana]] Umurenge wa Mwulire ni umwe mu mirenge 14 y'Akarere ka Rwamagana.<ref name="citypop" /> Ugizwe n'[[Akagari|utugari]] 4:<ref name="utugari">{{Cite web |url=https://www.rwamagana.gov.rw/akarere/abanyamabanga-nshingwabikorwa-bimirenge |title=Imirenge n'Utugari |website=rwamagana.gov.rw |language=rw |archive-date=2023-06-16 |access-date=2026-10-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616031406/https://www.rwamagana.gov.rw/akarere/abanyamabanga-nshingwabikorwa-bimirenge |url-status=dead}}</ref> {{div col|colwidth=15em}} * Bicumbi * Bushenyi * Mwulire * Ntunga {{div col end}} == Abaturage == Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2012, Umurenge wa Mwulire wari utuwe n'abaturage 21 829. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, wari utuwe n'abaturage 33 936.<ref name="citypop">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/51__rwamagana/ |title=Rwamagana (District, Rwanda) – Sectors |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> == Amateka == Mu gihe cya [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]], Abatutsi benshi bahungiye i Mwulire. Kuva ku itariki ya 8 kugeza ku ya 18 Mata 1994, birwanyeho bakoresheje intwaro gakondo. Ku itariki ya 18 Mata 1994, [[Interahamwe]] n'ingabo za Leta barabatsinze. Uwo munsi, Abatutsi barenga 15 000 bishwe ku musozi wa Gisanza.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/175975/News/kwibuka26-the-mwulire-massacres-in-the-eyes-of-genocide-survivor-uwambaye |title=Kwibuka26: The Mwulire massacres in the eyes of Genocide survivor Uwambaye |website=The New Times |date=2020-04-19 |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Reba kandi == * [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Rwamagana]] * [[Isoko rya Mwulire]] {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Rwamagana}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Rwamagana]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Mwulire]] jln1jk6xc51ikeuq95oe8ifh4njl8jj 0 18440 148662 143766 2026-11-03T13:06:35Z Score Beethoven 11559 148662 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox umurenge}} '''Umurenge wa Musha''' ni umwe mu mirenge 14 igize [[Akarere ka Rwamagana]], mu [[Intara y’Iburasirazuba]] y’u Rwanda. Ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro, cyane cyane amabati na tantale, buri mu bikorwa by’ubukungu bikorerwa muri uyu murenge. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → [[Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Uturere]] → Imirenge → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Imiterere y’ubuyobozi == Umurenge wa Musha ugizwe n’utugari dutandatu: * Akabare; * Budahanda; * Kagarama; * Musha; * Nyabisindu; * Nyakabanda.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20230616031406/https://www.rwamagana.gov.rw/akarere/abanyamabanga-nshingwabikorwa-bimirenge « Imirenge n’Utugari »], Akarere ka Rwamagana.</ref> Umurenge uhana imbibi n’imirenge ya Murambi, Munyiginya, Mwulire, Gahengeri na Fumbwe. == Abaturage == Mu ibarura rusange ry’abaturage n’imiturire ryo mu 2012, Umurenge wa Musha wari utuwe n’abaturage 21.145. Mu 2022, abaturage bari bageze kuri 27.525, barimo abagore 14.316 n’abagabo 13.209.<ref name="abaturage">[https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/rwamagana/5109__musha/ « Musha (Sector, Rwanda) »], ''City Population'', hashingiwe ku mibare y’Ikigo cy’Igihugu cy’Ibarurishamibare cy’u Rwanda.</ref> Muri abo baturage, 25.918 bari batuye mu bice by’icyaro naho 1.607 bakaba bari batuye mu bice by’umujyi.<ref name="abaturage" /> == Ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro == Mu Murenge wa Musha habarizwa ibirombe bya Musha bicukurwamo cyane cyane amabati na tantale. Ibyo birombe biri mu ruhushya rw’ubucukuzi rufite ubuso bwa hegitari 6.094 kandi biherereye ku birometero hafi 45 uvuye i Kigali.<ref name="Trinity">[https://trinity-metals.com/en/projects/musha-mine « Trinity Musha Mines »], Trinity Metals.</ref> Trinity Metals, ikigo gikoresha ibyo birombe, gitangaza ko Musha ari cyo kirombe cya kabiri gitanga amabati menshi mu Rwanda nyuma y’icya Rutongo. Ikirombe gitanga toni z’amabati ziri hagati ya 30 na 40 buri kwezi kandi kigaha akazi abantu barenga 2.200.<ref name="Trinity" /> Mu 2025, hatangajwe gahunda yo kongera ubushobozi bw’uruganda rutunganya amabuye acukurwa muri Musha no gutangira gucukura tantale ku rugero rwagutse.<ref>[https://www.rwandainzimbabwe.gov.rw/actualites/info-details/trinity-metals-plans-100m-investment-in-rwanda-mineral-operations « Trinity Metals plans $100m investment in Rwanda mineral operations »], Ambasade y’u Rwanda muri Zimbabwe.</ref> Ubucukuzi butemewe na bwo bwagiye butera impanuka muri uyu murenge. Mu 2017, Polisi y’u Rwanda yasabye abaturage kwirinda kwinjira mu birombe nta ruhushya cyangwa ibikoresho by’umutekano.<ref>[https://police.gov.rw/media/news-detail/news/police-warns-against-illegal-mining-as-one-dies-in-rwamagana/ « Police warns against illegal mining as one dies in Rwamagana »], Polisi y’u Rwanda, 18 Werurwe 2017.</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Rwamagana}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Rwamagana|Musha]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Musha]] lfzv1anq0ff9qfx06qybtlyv45066to 0 18453 148695 143815 2026-11-03T13:07:59Z Score Beethoven 11559 148695 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox umurenge}} '''Nzige''' ni umwe mu [[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|mirenge]] 14 igize [[Akarere ka Rwamagana]], mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]] bw’u [[Rwanda]]. Umurenge wa Nzige ugizwe n’utugari tune. Mu 2022, Umurenge wa Nzige wari utuwe n’abaturage 19 285. Abaturage bose babaga mu cyaro. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → [[Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Uturere]] → Imirenge → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Ubumenyi bw’isi == Umurenge wa Nzige uri mu Karere ka Rwamagana. Akarere ka Rwamagana gafite imirenge 14.<ref name="citypop-rwamagana">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/51__rwamagana/ |title=Rwamagana (District, Rwanda) – Sectors |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Umurenge wa Nzige ufite ubuso bwa 40,08 km².<ref name="citypop">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/rwamagana/5113__nzige/ |title=Nzige (Sector, Rwanda) – Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> == Utugari == Umurenge wa Nzige ugizwe n’[[Akagari|utugari]] tune:<ref name="rwamagana">{{Cite web |url=https://www.rwamagana.gov.rw/akarere/abanyamabanga-nshingwabikorwa-bimirenge |title=Imirenge n'Utugari |website=Akarere ka Rwamagana |language=rw |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616031406/https://www.rwamagana.gov.rw/akarere/abanyamabanga-nshingwabikorwa-bimirenge |archive-date=2023-06-16 |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> * Akanzu * Kigarama * Murama * Rugarama == Abaturage == Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2012, Umurenge wa Nzige wari utuwe n’abaturage 15 504. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, abaturage bari 19 285. Muri bo, abagabo bari 9 341. Abagore bari 9 944. Abana bari munsi y’imyaka 15 bari 6 974. Abaturage bose babaga mu cyaro.<ref name="citypop" /><ref name="citypop-rwamagana" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Rwamagana}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Rwamagana|Nzige]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Nzige]] s38wetqwmxdopwfnk201psvx0ckwdmw 0 18512 148814 134052 2026-11-04T08:43:21Z Ndahiro derrick 8075 Ndahiro derrick moved page [[ABAKORANA BUSHAKE]] to [[Abakoranabushake]] 134052 wikitext text/x-wiki <nowiki>''Abakoranabushake burubyiruko''</nowiki>, ni [[Gahunda yogukumira Abantu Kwiyahura|gahunda]] ihuza urubyiruko n'inzego z'[[Umutekano n'iterambere|umutekano]] mu [[Rwanda]] hagamijwe guteza imbere [[Umutekano n'iterambere|umutekano]], gukumira ibyaha no gushishikariza [[Abaturage Ubuzima n’Imiturire|abaturage]] uruhare rwabo mu bikorwa bifitiye [[igihugu]] akamaro. Iyo [[Gahunda yogukumira Abantu Kwiyahura|gahunda]] itegurwa ku bufatanye bwa Polisi y'u Rwanda n'izindi nzego z'ubuyobozi, aho [[urubyiruko]] ruhabwa [[AMAHUGURWA Y'UBUMWE N'UBUDAHERANWA|amahugurwa]] ku nshingano zarwo n'[[Uruhare rw’Umuryango w’Abibumbye mu Kurengera Uburenganzira bwa Muntu”|uruhare]] rwarwo mu kubungabunga [[Umutekano n'iterambere|umutekano]].[https://police.gov.rw/media/news-detail/news/urubyiruko-rwabakoranabushake-basoje-amahugurwa-basabwa-kuba-umusemburo-wumutekano-niterambere/?tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&cHash=2d202aa6e961b24cd534ea92a2427522][https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/u-rwanda-rufite-urubyiruko-rw-abakoranabushake-miliyoni-1-9] === Intego === [[Gahunda yogukumira Abantu Kwiyahura|Gahunda]] y'abakoranabushake mu rubyiruko igamije: * Gushishikariza urubyiruko kugira uruhare mu gukumira ibyaha. * Guteza imbere ubufatanye hagati y'[[Abaturage Ubuzima n’Imiturire|abaturage]] n[[Inzego za Leta ku iterambere|'inzego]] z[[Umutekano n'iterambere|'umutekano]]. * [[Gutanga Ubutaka mu Rwanda|Gutanga]] amahugurwa ku [[Gukumira no kurwanya Ibiza|gukumira]] no kurwanya ibyaha bitandukanye. * Kwimakaza [[umuco]] wo gutanga amakuru ku gihe ku bibangamira umutekano. Abari mumahugurwa bagaragaje ubushake bukomeye bwo kurwanya no gukumira ibyaha bitandukanye bafatanya ninzego z’umutekano.[https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/u-rwanda-rufite-urubyiruko-rw-abakoranabushake-miliyoni-1-9][https://police.gov.rw/media/news-detail/news/urubyiruko-rwabakoranabushake-basoje-amahugurwa-basabwa-kuba-umusemburo-wumutekano-niterambere/?tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&cHash=2d202aa6e961b24cd534ea92a2427522][https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/ibyo-kwitega-muri-gahunda-yo-guteza-imbere-urubyiruko-izatwara-arenga-miliyari] ==== Amahugurwa ==== Polisi y'u Rwanda itegura amahugurwa ahabwa urubyiruko rw'abakoranabushake agamije kubongerera [[Ubumenyi bw'u Rwanda|ubumenyi]] ku bijyanye no gukumira ibyaha no gukorana n[[Inzego za Leta ku iterambere|'inzego]] z'umutekano. Mu mahugurwa, hitabwaho cyane [[Ingingo ya 15 mu mategeko agenga Imicungire n’Imikoreshereze y’Ubutaka: Kongera cyangwa kuvana muri rejisitiri abafite uburenganzira ku butaka|ingingo]] zirimo gukumira icuruzwa ry'abantu, kurwanya uburiganya bukoresha [[amafaranga]] y'impimbano, kurwanya ikoreshwa ry[[IBIYOBYABWENGE MURUBYIRUKO|'ibiyobyabwenge]] n'ubundi bwoko bw'ibyaha bishobora guhungabanya umutekano.[https://www.police.gov.rw/media/news-detail/news/icyiciro-cya-2-cyurubyiruko-rwabakoranabushake-rwatangiye-amahugurwa-yo-ku-rwanya-no-gukumira-ibya/?tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&cHash=d65691fbf4353bf840f0fba3619781e6] ===== Uruhare mu kubungabunga umutekano ===== Abakoranabushake mu rubyiruko bakorana n'inzego z'ibanze ndetse na Polisi y'u Rwanda mu bukangurambaga bwo gukumira ibyaha, gutanga amakuru ku gihe no gushishikariza urubyiruko [[Kwirinde indwara zo mu kanwa n’iz’amenyo|kwirinda]] ibikorwa bishobora guteza umutekano muke. Iyi gahunda iri mu bikorwa bigamije kongera uruhare rw'abaturage mu kubungabunga umutekano w'igihugu.[https://www.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/polisi-y-u-rwanda-yashimye-uruhare-rw-urubyiruko-rw-abakorerabushake-mu] '''AMASHAKIRO;''' https://police.gov.rw/media/news-detail/news/urubyiruko-rw-abakoranabushake-rwasabwe-kuba-umusemburo-w-iterambere/?tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&cHash=23897a551a1cd73b7e8df442aaeec2d7 9pmaheombx6pvbh4xno6q5qkrs96ifz 0 18522 148537 145975 2026-11-03T12:57:38Z Baraka official 17008 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 148537 wikitext text/x-wiki Aya mazina yose arazwi cyane mu ndirimbo nya[[Rwanda Nziza|rwanda]] ndetse hari n’amwe yasohotse igihugu. Bob Pro. [[Dosiye:Bob_Pro_in_studio.jpg|thumb|Bob Pro in studio]] Ubusanzwe witwa Emmanuel Bob ariko wamamaye nka Bob Pro amaze imyaka isaga icumi mu muziki nyarwanda, ibintu byatumye aba umunyabigwi mu mwuga wo gukora no gutunganya indirimbo. Yakoze indirimbo hamwe na hamwe zifatwa nk’izibihe byose ku bahanzi n’umuziki nyarwanda, yagize uruhare mu iremwa ry’ubuhanzi bwa Nyakwigendera Yvan Buravan ndetse n’irya Andy Bumuntu  bitewe n’indirimbo zitandukanye yabakoreye zitajya zisaza. [[Dosiye:Danny_Nanone.jpg|thumb|Danny Nanone]] Bob Pro yakoze ‘Big Time, Garagaza, Si belle, Malaika’ n’izindi za Yvan Buravan, yakoze kandi [[indirimbo]] “Everthing’ ya [[Meddy]] n’izindi. Izi zikiyongera kuri nyinshi yagiye asoza bizwi nka Mix and mastering zitagira ingano zirimo hafi izakozwe na Pruducer Element zose. Muri izo hari iziza mu mitwe y’abantu vuba nka “Henzapu, Saa Moya, Katapilla, Ikinyafu za Bruce Melodie, hari kandi ‘Kola’ ya The Ben, Nasara ya Danny Nanone na Ariel Wayz n’izindi. [[Dosiye:Ariel_wayz.jpg|thumb|Ariel wayz]] Bob Pro kandi niwe wakoze indirimbo ‘Suzana’ ya Sauti Sol, iyi ndirimbo yatumye akora ku ndirimbo ya Sauti Sol na [[Wiz kid|Wizkid]] itarabashije gusohoka cyane ko iri tsinda ryahise ritandukana. Prince Kiiiz. Iri zina ni rishya cyane mu mitwe y’abakunzi b’umuziki nyarwanda ariko aho rigeze rihashinga imizi ku buryo ryerekanye ko ari iryo kwitega nyuma yo kwegukana igihembo cya ‘Best Producer of the year 2023’ mu bihembo bya Isango Nna Muzika Awards. Uyu musore ubarizwa muri  Studio  ya Country Records, yumvikanye bwa mbere mu mitwe y’abanyarwanda muri 2022 mu ndirimbo ‘Fake ghee’ ya Alyn Sano, aza gusamirwa hejuru na Bruce Melodie yahise akorera indirimbo ‘Funga Macho’ yabiciye ikagera ikagera no kuri Shaggy wayikunze akifuza ko isubirwamo ndetse bikaba bagakora ‘When she’s around’ ikomeje kuba isereri mu bantu. Prince Kiiz kandi azashimirwa kugarura mu kibuga umuraperi Danny Nanone yakoreye indirimbo ‘My Type na Comfirm’. Hari izindi ndirimbo zatumbagije izina rya Prince Kiiz zirimo ‘Lala’ ya Chriss Eazy na Kirikou Akil,Stop’ ya Chriss Eazy ‘Biryoha bisangiwe na Boo and Bae’ za Alyn Sano, ‘Over’ ya Yverry n’izindi. Kugeza ubu ni umwe mu bafatwa nk’abayoboye abandi muri iki gihe. Santana Sauce cyangwa se Joachin Kayiranga mu mazina yiswe n’ababyeyi, ni umwe mu ba-Producer bahagaze meza mu Rwanda kuva mu myaka ine ishize,  aho yakoze indirimbo yakoze amateka zikanahindura ubuzima bw'aba nyirazo. Uyu musore azwi mu ndirimbo za Niyo Bosco na Dorcas na Vestine zahinduriye ubuzima aba bahanzi ndetse akaba yarashyize n’itafari ku  muziki nyarwanda binyuze mu ndirimbo z’abahanzi batandukanye. Santana Sauce niwe wakoze indirimbo ‘Ubigenza Ute? Piyapuresha, Ishyano, Urui, Urwandiko, Ibanga, Ubutsinzi’ n’zindi. Santana kandi niwe wakoze indirimbo ‘Simpagarara, Nahawe Ijambo, Si Byali, Adonai, Ibuye, Isaha, Kumusaraba, Iriba’ za Dorcas na Vestine n’izindi. Uyu musore kandi niwe wakoze indirimbo ‘Ubunyunyusi’ ya Mico The Best na Riderman, ‘Wankomye’ ya Alto na Uncle Austine. Yakoze kandi indirimbo ‘Ready, Paimkiller’ za Bwiza n’izindinyinshi. Ni nawe wakoze indirimbo ‘Wowe Gusa’ ya Ariel Wayz irimo kubica. Izi ndirimbo n’izindi tutarondoye zimugira umwe mu bahagaze neza ndetse banahenze kukubonera umwanya. Aba bahanga mu gutunganya no kunononsora amajwi y’indirimbo, bose bahuje igiciro cy’imikorere kingana n’amafaranga ibihumbi Magana atanu 500, 000 Frw kuri buri umwe ushatse gukorana nawe indirimbo imwegusa AMASHAKIRO<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://v8.inya.me/rw/amakuru/ninko-gutanga-inkwano-urutonde-rwaba-producers-bahenze-mu-rwanda-2024-140164 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-05-21 |archive-date=2024-05-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240521115144/https://v8.inya.me/rw/amakuru/ninko-gutanga-inkwano-urutonde-rwaba-producers-bahenze-mu-rwanda-2024-140164 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} epn9xlyqwyuyzpveyzapp3c6493sdf0 0 18548 148592 143809 2026-11-03T13:03:46Z Score Beethoven 11559 148592 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox umurenge}} '''Umurenge wa Fumbwe''' ni umwe mu mirenge 14 igize [[Akarere ka Rwamagana]], mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]], mu [[Rwanda]]. Ugizwe n'utugari 6. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, Umurenge wa Fumbwe wari utuwe n'abaturage 33 074. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → [[Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Uturere]] → Imirenge → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Utugari == [[Dosiye:Rwanda, Rwamagana District.png|thumb|left|Ikarita y'Akarere ka Rwamagana]] Umurenge wa Fumbwe ni umwe mu mirenge 14 y'Akarere ka Rwamagana. Ugizwe n'[[Akagari|utugari]] 6:<ref name="imirenge">{{Cite web |url=https://www.rwamagana.gov.rw/akarere/abanyamabanga-nshingwabikorwa-bimirenge |title=Imirenge n'Utugari |website=rwamagana.gov.rw |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-24 |archive-date=2023-06-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616031406/https://www.rwamagana.gov.rw/akarere/abanyamabanga-nshingwabikorwa-bimirenge |url-status=dead}}</ref> {{div col|colwidth=15em}} * Mununu * Nyagasambu * Nyakagunga * Nyamirama * Nyarubuye * Sasabirago {{div col end}} == Abaturage == Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2012, Umurenge wa Fumbwe wari utuwe n'abaturage 21 682. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, wari utuwe n'abaturage 33 074.<ref name="citypop">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/51__rwamagana/ |title=Rwamagana (District, Rwanda) – Sectors |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Rwamagana District|Amafoto y'Akarere ka Rwamagana]] kuri Wikimedia Commons {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Rwamagana}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Rwamagana]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Fumbwe]] hl20oghs7ato1f3ctx2r8b6zuqhv1i5 0 18571 148707 143807 2026-11-03T13:08:34Z Score Beethoven 11559 148707 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox umurenge}} '''Umurenge wa Rurenge''' ni umwe mu [[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|mirenge]] 14 igize [[Akarere ka Ngoma]], mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]] bw’u [[Rwanda]]. Mu 2022, Umurenge wa Rurenge wari utuwe n’abaturage 33 391. Abaturage bose babaga mu cyaro. Uyu murenge ugizwe n’utugari dutandatu. Muri uyu murenge hari amashuri umunani yemewe. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → [[Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Uturere]] → Imirenge → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Ubumenyi bw’isi == Umurenge wa Rurenge uri mu Karere ka Ngoma. Akarere ka Ngoma gafite imirenge 14, utugari 64 n’imidugudu 473.<ref name="ngoma">{{Cite web |url=https://www.ngoma.gov.rw/akarere/1 |title=Menya Ngoma |website=Akarere ka Ngoma |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref><ref name="citypop-ngoma">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/56__ngoma/ |title=Ngoma (District, Rwanda) – Sectors |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Umurenge wa Rurenge ugizwe n’[[Akagari|utugari]] dutandatu:<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://197.243.22.137/ngoma/fileadmin/_migrated/content_uploads/urutonde_rw_utugali_tugize_akarere_ka_ngoma.pdf |title=Urutonde rw'utugari tugize Akarere ka Ngoma |website=Akarere ka Ngoma |language=rw}}</ref><ref name="mineduc">{{Cite web |url=https://www.mineduc.gov.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/Mineduc/SPIU_Documents/ESMP/ngoma/NGOMA_DISTRICT-_ESMP_FOR_CONSTRUCTION_OF_CLASSROOMS_AND_LATRINES_SUB-PROJECTS_UNDER_RWANDA_QBE-HCD_PROJECT.pdf |title=Ngoma District: ESMP for construction of classrooms and latrines sub-projects under Rwanda QBE-HCD project |publisher=Ministry of Education |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> {{div col|colwidth=15em}} * Akagarama * Muhurire * Musya * Rugese * Rujambara * Rwikubo {{div col end}} == Abaturage == Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2012, Umurenge wa Rurenge wari utuwe n’abaturage 28 555. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, abaturage bari 33 391. Muri bo, abagabo bari 15 842. Abagore bari 17 549. Abana bari munsi y’imyaka 15 bari 13 269. Abaturage bose babaga mu cyaro.<ref name="citypop">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/ngoma/5612__rurenge/ |title=Rurenge (Sector, Rwanda) – Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Abaturage b’Umurenge wa Rurenge bari 8,3 % by’abaturage b’Akarere ka Ngoma.<ref name="nisr">{{Cite web |url=https://statistics.gov.rw/sites/default/files/2025-05/Ngoma.pdf |title=Fifth Population and Housing Census, Rwanda, 2022: District Profile, Ngoma |publisher=National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda |date=September 2023 |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> == Ubukungu == Albert Nkundabagenzi ni umuhinzi wo mu Kagari ka Rugese. Akora [[ubuhinzi]] n’ubworozi bw’umwimerere. Ntakoresha imiti yica udukoko. Ntakoresha [[ifumbire]] mvaruganda. Ahinga [[inyanya]], [[Ikigori|ibigori]], ibishyimbo, [[soya]] na karoti. Yorora [[inka]] n’ingurube. Amase yazo ayakoramo ifumbire. Abantu baza kumwigiraho.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.kigalitoday.com/agaseke-ka-weekend/munyakazi/article/umuturage-wo-mu-karere-ka-ngoma-ajyana-ibiribwa-ku-isoko-abaguzi-bakabirwanira |title=Umuturage wo mu Karere ka Ngoma ajyana ibiribwa ku isoko abaguzi bakabirwanira |author=Malachie Hakizimana |website=Kigali Today |date=2026-04-04 |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> == Uburezi == Mu mwaka w’amashuri 2024–2025, Umurenge wa Rurenge wari ufite amashuri umunani yemewe. Muri yo harimo Groupe Scolaire Kirwa, Groupe Scolaire Muhurire na Groupe Scolaire Musya. Harimo kandi ishuri ry’imyuga rya Kigarama (Kigarama TSS).<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nesa.gov.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/NESA/Announcements/2024__List_of_Accredited_schools_operating_in_Rwanda_October_2024/NGOMA_ACCREDOTED__LIST_SCHOOLS_OCTOBER_2024.pdf |title=List of accredited schools in Ngoma District for the school year 2024-2025 |publisher=National Examination and School Inspection Authority |date=October 2024 |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Mu 2022, abana 87,3 % bafite imyaka 6 kugeza kuri 11 bigaga.<ref name="nisr" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Ngoma}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Ngoma|Rurenge]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Rurenge]] 8au2xsa686yjg2rkp9d675ig940oomq 0 18666 148656 143816 2026-11-03T13:06:18Z Score Beethoven 11559 148656 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox umurenge}} '''Umurenge wa Munyiginya''' ni umwe mu mirenge 14 igize [[Akarere ka Rwamagana]], mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba|Ntara y'Iburasirazuba]], mu [[Rwanda]]. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, Umurenge wa Munyiginya wari utuwe n'abaturage 24 197. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → [[Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Uturere]] → Imirenge → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Aho uherereye == [[Dosiye:Rwanda, Rwamagana District.png|thumb|left|Ikarita y'Akarere ka Rwamagana]] Umurenge wa Munyiginya ni umwe mu mirenge 14 y'Akarere ka Rwamagana.<ref name="menya">{{Cite web |url=https://www.rwamagana.gov.rw/akarere/menya-akarere |title=Menya Akarere |website=rwamagana.gov.rw |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Ufite ubuso bwa 31,99 km².<ref name="citypop">{{Cite web |url=https://citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/rwamagana/5108__munyiginya/ |title=Munyiginya (Sector, Rwanda) |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> == Abaturage == Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2012, Umurenge wa Munyiginya wari utuwe n'abaturage 16 980. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, wari utuwe n'abaturage 24 197.<ref name="citypop" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Rwamagana}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Rwamagana]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Munyiginya]] 8n5g4shrdb68prgp7sx9gwh86t5em3f 0 18752 148663 143647 2026-11-03T13:06:38Z Score Beethoven 11559 148663 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox umurenge}} '''Umurenge wa Mutenderi''' ni umwe mu mirenge 14 igize [[Akarere ka Ngoma]], mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba|Ntara y'Iburasirazuba]] y'u [[Rwanda]]. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, Umurenge wa Mutenderi wari utuwe n'abaturage 24 915. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → [[Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Uturere]] → Imirenge → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Imiterere == [[Dosiye:Rwanda, Ngoma District.png|thumb|left|Ikarita y'Akarere ka Ngoma]] Umurenge wa Mutenderi ni umwe mu mirenge 14 y'Akarere ka Ngoma.<ref name="menya">{{Cite web |url=https://www.ngoma.gov.rw/akarere/1 |title=Menya Ngoma |website=ngoma.gov.rw |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Ufite ubuso bwa km² 75,57.<ref name="cp">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/ngoma/5608__mutenderi/ |title=Mutenderi (Sector, Rwanda) – Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Umurenge wa Mutenderi wose ni icyaro.<ref name="cp"/> == Abaturage == Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2012, Umurenge wa Mutenderi wari utuwe n'abaturage 20 907.<ref name="nisr">{{Cite report |title=Fourth Population and Housing Census, Rwanda, 2012. District Profile: Ngoma |url=https://statistics.gov.rw/sites/default/files/2025-06/Ngoma-District-Profile.pdf |publisher=National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda |date=February 2015 |language=en}}</ref> Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, wari utuwe n'abaturage 24 915.<ref name="cp"/> Muri bo, abagabo bari 11 870, abagore bari 13 045.<ref name="cp"/> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Ngoma}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Ngoma]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Mutenderi]] slh4om3bcyjhehgx52mf0q8v93qq1q2 0 18806 148524 139629 2026-11-03T12:53:33Z NSHUTIYIMANA Moise 17987 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 148524 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Umuvuba.png|thumb|Umuvuba|352x352px]] '''Ivubiro''' ni ahantu habaga hari ikibindi kinini mu [[Umuco nyarwanda|muco nyarwanda]] kigafasha kureba igihe imvura izagwira bakabibwirwa nuko icyo kibindi kinini cyabaga gitangiye kuzana icyuya bakabonako imvura yenda kugwa. Ivubiro ryakorwagaho nabantu bitwa Abavumbyi. Ahitwa mu Mariba ya Bukunzi ni ho hari ivubiro rya Ndagano wategekaga u Bukunzi ku mwaduko w’abazungu. Bukunzi yari iherereye mu [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Majyepfo]] y’[[Intara y'Uburengerazuba|Uburengerazuba]] bw’u [[Rwanda]], ihana imbibi n’uturere tw’u Busozo, i Cyesha, Impara, na Biru ndetse n’igihugu cy’u [[Uburundi|Burundi]].<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/menya-amateka-y-ahitwa-mu-mariba-ya-bukunzi</ref> == Amateka == Ivubiro rero ryabaga rikoze mu kibindi gifite [[umurwa]] ureba hejuru, hakaba hari amazi amanuka akagwa muri ako kabindi gatabye mu butaka, kari ahazwi nka Huro, umusozi wa Huro, Akagari ka Huro umurenge wa Muhondo, akarere ka Gakenke.aho kaba gakikijwe n'ibiti bitandukanye byagakondo nk'umubirizi cyangwa umuravumba.<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/65234/ku-musozi-wa-huro-mu-karere-ka-gakenke-hari-akabindi-kamaze-imyaka-isaga-300-kifashishwaga-mu-gupima-imvura--65234.html</ref> == Amashakiro == {{reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Umuco]] t8esbj6w57j5zyt3q14c2zs8s6obsd4 0 18998 148729 137906 2026-11-03T13:26:06Z NSHUTIYIMANA Moise 17987 /* Inkuba */ 148729 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:London MMB »1E6 Lightning.jpg|thumb|379x379px|inkuba]] == Inkuba == [[Dosiye:Pluie nuage.jpg|thumb|inkuba|418x418px]] Inkuba iyo ikubise umuntu cyangwa itungo, cyangwa ikindi kintu, ntibarira, ntibababara ntibavuza induru, ahubwo bavuza impundu, ngo baraliwe n’umwami. Gutaka ngo ni ukwiterereza inkuba ikabamara ku bantu no ku bintu. Inkuba iyo ikubise ikica ntawagira ngo inkuba yishe. Barabaza bati, Ni iki? Iyo ari umuntu bati: Umwami yarongoye. Iyo ari inka, bati: Umwami wo hejuru yakujije inka. Bati: Yakujije zingahe? Bakavuga umubare; ibyo bikagusha umwami wo hejuru neza, ntazongere gukubita ukundi. Inkuba kandi iyo imaze gukubita umuntu, bazana inzogera, bakazivugiriza hejuru ye, ngo ni izo kumukangura. Bavuza impundu, bakavuza n’ingoma, ngo umwami yabyukurutse, ngo yarongoye.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://rw.amateka.net/imihango-yumuntu-nimvura-nurubura-ninkuba-numuyaga/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-07-24 |archive-date=2024-05-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240527104216/https://rw.amateka.net/imihango-yumuntu-nimvura-nurubura-ninkuba-numuyaga/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Inkuba iyo yakubise ahantu, ntibahinga bukeye, ngo umwami yaraye, ngo bahinze hagwa imvura mbi cyane, igatsemba bintu, inkuba ikongera gukubita, kandi ntibeze imyaka. Nta muntu unywa itabi imirabyo irabya, ngo inkuba iramukubita. Iyo ashatse kwinywera itabi, adatinya gukubitwa n’inkuba, areba ubwatsi bw’ishinge akabuhambira ku mutembe w’inkono y’itabi, akazana n’akatsi k’ishinge akakajugunya hanze agira ngo: Dore ibyawe; ubwo inkuba ntigire icyo imutwara. Abashatse na bo bareba igishilira bakakinaga hanze bagira ngo: Ng’ilyo lyawe, bakongera bakareba icyatsi babonye cyose, bakacyambika inkono yiitabi, imirabyo ikoroha. Ushatse na we agereka umugano ku nkono y’itabi, ati: Urahere ku ishyamba.<ref name=":0" /> '''Inkuba''' iyo yagize icyo ikubita ku musozi, umugabo ufite umugore yilinda kurarana na we batabanje kugangahurwa, ngo bahumana. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Umuco]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco w' U Rwanda]] rrsscc5oivpdk328b3ahpv77z6vcppl 0 19171 148593 137730 2026-11-03T13:03:47Z NSHUTIYIMANA Moise 17987 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:1|0|1 */ 148593 wikitext text/x-wiki '''DUHAMIC-ADRI''' ni umuryango nyarwanda utegamiye kuri Leta udaharanira inyungu kandi wita ku majyambere y’icyaro. Uteza imbere abatuye mu cyaro uhereye ku bikorwa bazi gukora ubwabo mu nzego zitandukanye ubuhinzi, ubworozi, ubukorikori, kubungabunga ibidukikije, imirire myiza ukorera mu [[Akarere ka Bugesera|karere ka bugesera]].<ref>http://197.243.22.137/kayonza/index.php?id=38&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=34&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&cHash=0f2e405ab468f1f409d3a264eaa7fb15</ref> == Umuryango == DUHAMIC-ADRI yashinzwe mu 1979. Ubu ukorera mu turere nka Bugesera, Rulindo, Gakenke, Gicumbi, Rwamagana, Kayonza, [[Akarere ka Gatsibo|Gatsibo]], Huye na Nyamagabe. uzamara imyaka 3, ukazibanda ku bikorwa byo kuzamura umusaruro w’ubuhinzi (ibigori, urutoki, amashu, karoti, inyanya n’ibitunguru) n’ubworozi (inkoko, inkwavu n’ingurube). == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Icyaro]] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] e3f3n2behs34jxzd3oui59z7qa0438h 0 19235 148724 138529 2026-11-03T13:12:23Z NSHUTIYIMANA Moise 17987 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 148724 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Igishushanyombonera muri Rwamagana''' ni igishushanyo cyemejwe n'inama [[Inama y’Abaminisitiri|y’abaminisitiri]] yemeje iteka rya Minisitiri rishyiraho ibishushanyo mbonera by’imikoreshereze n’imitunganyirize by’ubutaka mu turere twa Gakenke, Kirehe, Musanze, Ngoma, Nyaruguru, [[Rubavu]], Rulindo na Rwamagana. Ni igishushanyo aho abaturage bo mu [[Akarere ka Rwamagana|Karere ka Rwamagana]] barasabwa gukoresha neza ubutaka babukoresha icyo bwagenewe kugira ngo bakomeze kubahiriza imikoreshereze myiza y’[[ubutaka]] .<ref name=":0">https://muhaziyacu.rw/amakuru/rwamagana-ubuyobozi-bwasobanuye-icyo-abaturage-basabwa-nyuma-yo-kwemezwa-kwigishushanyombonera/</ref> == Igishushanyo mbonera == Igishushanyo mbonera muri Rwamagana aha niho bimwe mu bikubiye muri iki gishushanyo mbonera cy’imikoreshereze n’imitunganyirize y’ubutaka muri Rwamagana harimo ko hejuru ya 50% y’ubutaka bwose bw’akarere bugenewe ubuhinzi ni ukuvuga ko kugeza mu mwaka wa 2035 ubuso buhingwa bugomba kuba ari hegitari hafi ibihumbi 35 ( 34,969.12 bingana na 51.38% ) . Naho ubuso buteyeho amashyamba bugomba kuba buri kuri hegitari ibihumbi 8 (8,541.87 bingana 12.55% ) , Icyanya cyahariwe inganda cyo gifite hegitari 48, imiturire y’icyaro iri ku buso bwa hegitari ibihumbi 7(7,123.53 bingana 10.47%); naho ubutaka bwahariwe imihanda bufite ubuso bwa hegitari ibihumbi 4 (4176.60 bingana na 6.14%) .<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Icyaro]] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] [[Ikiciro:Rwamagana]] m45i9akuj7gb3ltv7nfc7t2zjn35ke7 0 19239 148723 138618 2026-11-03T13:11:36Z NSHUTIYIMANA Moise 17987 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 148723 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Urubyiruko rwa Club Umuhuza''' ni urubyiruko rubarizwa muri [[Rwamagana Solar Power Station|Rwamagana]], aho barwanya ruswa n’akarengane ni bimwe mu byibarwaho mu biganiro bihabwa urubyiruko biciye mu mikino n’imyidagaduro bikorwa bigiye bitandukanye hirya no hino na Club Umuhuza mu karere ka Rwamagana muri [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba|Intara y'uburasirazuba]] bwu Rwanda, aho niho ibi bikorwa bimaze gusakazwa mu gihugu hose.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://muhaziyacu.rw/amakuru/rwamagana-urubyiruko-rwa-club-umuhuza-rutoza-abandi-kurwanya-ruswa-nakarengane/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-08-23 |archive-date=2024-05-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517100626/https://muhaziyacu.rw/amakuru/rwamagana-urubyiruko-rwa-club-umuhuza-rutoza-abandi-kurwanya-ruswa-nakarengane/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Umuhuza == Club Umuhuza ifite imyaka 10 imaze yigisha urubyiruko n’abakuze kugira uruhare mu kurwanya ruswa n’akarengane, bimwe mu bikorwa n’iyi Club harimo ibiganiro bitandukanye, imikino n’imyidagaduro ifite ubutumwa bwo kurwanya ruswa n’akarengane, mu myidagaduro ubutumwa butangwa mu mivugo, ikinamico ndetse n’imbyino gakondo zifite ubutumwa bwihariye bwo kurwanya ruswa n’akarengane.<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Icyaro]] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] [[Ikiciro:Rwamagana]] g20aj8vdw3k0oqbjn34dj87c3qf36y6 0 19253 148514 138300 2026-11-03T12:36:11Z Baraka official 17008 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 148514 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Abahinzi bo mugishanga cya Mwulire''' ni abahinzi bakoresha igishanga cya Mwulire aha niho bahera basaba ubuyobozi bw’Akarere ka [[Rwamagana Solar Power Station|Rwamagana]] mu [[intara]] y'Iburasirazuba bw'u Rwanda, aha ni mumurenge wa Mwulire arinaho bakorera ubwo buhinzi, nihaho bahura n'ikibazo cy’ubutaka bagiye babwirwa ko bugiye guhabwa rwiyemezamirimo uzahacukura umucanga.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://muhaziyacu.rw/amakuru/abaturage-mu-gishanga-mwulire-barinubira-rwiyemezamirimo-ushaka-kuhabakura-akahacukura-umucanga/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-08-26 |archive-date=2023-04-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230401164941/https://muhaziyacu.rw/amakuru/abaturage-mu-gishanga-mwulire-barinubira-rwiyemezamirimo-ushaka-kuhabakura-akahacukura-umucanga/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Igishanga == Igishanga cya Mwulire ni igishanga cya Mwulire gifite ubuso bwa hegitari esheshatu, nta gihingwa cyatoranyijwe bahingamo kuko buri wese yihingiramo ibyo ashatse; hari abahingamo ibigori, imboga, imbuto, soya, ibishyimbo, ibisheke n’ibindi, Inama tubagira n'ukwishyira hamwe bagakora koperative, natwe tukabafasha dufite ba agoronome mu gukora imishinga y’ubuhinzi neza, noneho bakadusaba uburenganzira n’aho bakorera, kandi n’ubusanzwe barahafite. Bazakomeza tuzabaha hahandi bari basanganywe .<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Icyaro]] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] [[Ikiciro:Rwamagana]] cahxvbkkqgrj8xkt2u0ckbcbm4hcsfl 0 19361 148541 141874 2026-11-03T12:58:54Z Baraka official 17008 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 148541 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bizimana Amani Bizimana''' (yavutse 1996), uzwi ku izina rya '''Amalon''' ni [[Rwanda|umuririmbyi]] akaba n'umwanditsi w'indirimbo na Filimi. Kuva mu [[Akarere ka Rubavu|Karere ka Rubavu]], yabanje kumenyekana asohora amashusho yindirimbo Yambi muri 2018. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Nsabimana |first=Eddie |date=2021-04-16 |title=1K Entertainment terminates management contract with Amalon |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/185390/Entertainment/1k-entertainment-terminates-management-contract-with-amalon |access-date=2024-01-23 |website=The New Times |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-06-02 |title=Amalon steadily growing in fame |url=https://rwandatoday.africa/rwanda/lifestyle/amalon-steadily-growing-in-fame-2470168 |access-date=2024-01-23 |website=Rwanda Today |language=en}}</ref> == Ubuzima bwambere nuburere == Amalon yavutse muri 1996 mu karere ka Rubavu mu ntara y’iburengerazuba y’u Rwanda, avukira Amran na Uwamahoro Habiba. Amalon yize amashuri yisumbuye ya Kagarama kurwego rusanzwe hanyuma nyuma ahuriweho na Integrated Polytechnic Regional Centre IPRC [[Akarere ka Kicukiro|Kicukiro]]. Yatangiye umwuga we nk'umuraperi nyuma yinjira muri Afrobeat na R&B ayobowe na 1 K Entertainment, isosiyete yashinzwe na Pius Rukabuza, uzwi ku izina rya DJ Pius, umuririmbyi wo mu Rwanda akaba na DJ uzwi kugeza mu 2021. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kagire |first=Linda M. |date=2019-03-25 |title=So who is Amalon, the only artiste to curtain raise for Burna Boy? |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/165172/Entertainment/so-who-is-amalon-the-only-artiste-to-curtain-raise-for-burna-boy |access-date=2024-01-23 |website=The New Times |language=en}}</ref> Indirimbo ye ya mbere ''yambi'' yamushizeho kugirango yamamare mu ndirimbo zitandukanye yakurikiranye nka ''Byakubaho'' na ''Delilah'' arimo Ally Soudy. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Nsabimana |first=Eddie |date=2021-04-16 |title=1K Entertainment terminates management contract with Amalon |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/185390/Entertainment/1k-entertainment-terminates-management-contract-with-amalon |access-date=2024-01-23 |website=The New Times |language=en}}</ref> == Imikorere == Muri 2019, yari mu bahanzi, barimo Sheebah Karungi ukomoka muri [[Ubugande|Uganda]], [[Bruce Melodie]], nyirarume Austin, Riderman, Social Mulah, Active, Safi Madiba, Marina, Umwamikazi cha na Jay Polly, bakoreye ibitaramo muri Camp [[Kigali]]. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ntirenganya |first=Yanditswe na Gentil Gedeon |title=Abahanzi 15 barimo Sheebah ni bo batumiwe muri Kigali Summer Festival |url=https://www.kigalitoday.com/imyidagaduro/muzika/article/abahanzi-15-barimo-sheebah-ni-bo-batumiwe-muri-kigali-summer-festival |access-date=2024-01-23 |website=Kigali Today |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Nsengiyumva |first=Emmy |title=Rich Mavoko uzaririmba muri Kigali Summer Festival yageze i Kigali - VIDEO - Inyarwanda.com |url=https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/91419/rich-mavoko-uzaririmba-muri-kigali-summer-festival-yageze-i-kigali-video-91419.html |access-date=2024-01-23 |website=inyarwanda.com |language=en}}</ref> Muri uwo mwaka, Amalon niwe [[Umuhanzi Kamariza|muhanzi]] wu Rwanda wenyine wakinnye kuri stage hamwe na Burna Boy mu gitaramo cya BurnaBoyExperience cyabereye muri Intare Conference Arena. == Ibindi == == Reba kandi == * Urubuga rwubuzima * [[Umuziki gakondo w'u Rwanda|Umuziki w'u Rwanda]] * [[Izere Daniel|Daniel Izere]] == Reba == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] delfz0w4hjx7gb7k6mks2lkz92tg8pz 0 19386 148513 144157 2026-11-03T12:35:49Z Baraka official 17008 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:1|0|1 */ 148513 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Urugerero rw’Inkomezabigwi''' icyiciro cya 11 mu [[akarere ka Rwamagana]], urubyiruko rwasabwe kwigira ku muco w’abanyarwanda bo hambere w’ubukorerabushake.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://muhaziyacu.rw/amakuru/rwamagana-intore-zinkomezabigwi-zirashishikarizwa-kugira-umuco-wubukorerabushake/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-09-07 |archive-date=2025-02-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250224073937/https://muhaziyacu.rw/amakuru/rwamagana-intore-zinkomezabigwi-zirashishikarizwa-kugira-umuco-wubukorerabushake/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/126433/rwamagana-intore-zinkomezabigwi-zakoze-ibikorwa-bifite-agaciro-ka-miliyoni-152-frw-126433.html</ref><ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/134768/rwamagana-inkomezabigwi-zahawe-umukoro-wo-gukemura-ibibazo-bibangamiye-imibereho-myiza-yab-134768.html</ref><ref>https://ingenzinyayo.com/2023/12/21/rwamagana-intore-zasoje-urugerero-zasabwe-kuba-icyitegererezo-muri-sosiyete-nya-rwanda/</ref><ref>https://igire.rw/ramaganamayor-radjab-yasabye-intore-zinkomezabigwi-kurangwa-indangagaciro-zabanyarwanda-rwamagana/</ref> == Amateka == Kuwa 19 Ukuboza mu [[UMURENGE WA MUHAZI|murenge wa Muhazi]] mu kagari ka Kabare niho hashorejwe urugero rw’Intore z’Inkomezabigwi ku rwego rw’Akarere, muri uwo muhango waranzwe no kumurika bimwe mu bikorwa byakozwe n’izi ntore, ni umunsi kandi wahujwe n’uw’ubukorerabushake usanzwe wizihizwa ku wa 05 Ukuboza. Umuyobozi w’Imirimo rusange mu [[Akarere ka Rwamagana|Karere ka Rwamagana]] Hagenimana Jean Damascène ubwo yafataga ijambo ryo gusoza urugerero rw’Inkomezabigwi Icyiciro cya 11/2023 yagize ati:”Tubakeneye nk’abakorerabushake ariko bafite disipline kuko tuzi ko mwayitojwe, mu kinyarwanda baravuga ngo ubuze [[imfura]] ata ibiheko, niyo mpamvu tubakeneye kugira ngo mubere icyitegererezo barumuna banyu, nubwo musoje Urugerero ntabwo birangiye turabakeneye mu bukorerabushake.<ref name=":0" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Rwamagana]] [[Ikiciro:Intara y'iburasirazuba]] 67rf656hnw8c96fftk6t1op0if3w0r9 0 19479 148566 139769 2026-11-03T13:02:30Z NSHUTIYIMANA Moise 17987 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 148566 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ecole secondaire adventiste Muhanga''' ni ishuri ryigenga Ahazaza ritoza abana kuvuga indimi ebyiri z'amahanga, [[icyongereza]] n' [[igifaransa]] ibyo bita Belangue mu rurimi rw'amahanga. ibyo bituma abana bahiga bavuga izo ndimi zose neza, ndetse nubundi bumenyi n' uburere ni indashyikirwa, riri i mu [[Akarere ka Muhanga|karere ka Muhanga]] ,.<ref>https://panorama.rw/muhanga-abanyeshuri-ba-ahazaza-independent-school-bagaragaje-umusaruro-mwiza-mu-bizamini-bya-cambridge/</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] [[Ikiciro:Icyaro]] 8run71dcga4h606r1vddw28iy2mhtro 0 19581 148728 148045 2026-11-03T13:22:07Z NSHUTIYIMANA Moise 17987 /* */ 148728 wikitext text/x-wiki '''ICYIYAGA CYA MUHAZI''' [[Dosiye:Passenger tour boat on Lake Muhazi, Rwanda, Africa.jpg|thumb|329x329px]] icyiyaga cya muhazi giherereye mukarere ka [[Rwamagana]] ikiyaga cya muhazi cyangirika mugihe abantu bagikoresheje nabi nkiyo umuntu ataye umwandawe ahantu hatateganyijwe nko kugasozi iyo abantu bakoresheje iyi fumbire, amagi y’inzoka ya Ascaris imvura iyo iguye atarukira ku bimera, abantu babisarura bakayajyana mu rugo Iyo batabisukuye neza abinjiramo, iyo imvura iguye amagi atembanwa n’amazi akajya mu bishanga, abahinzi bahinga akabinjiramo.leta y'urwanda irabasaba gukoresha neza == Akamaro ki cyiyaga cya muhazi == Icyiyaga cya muhazi gikorerwamo uburobyi gifasha ubukerarugendo <ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubuzima/indwara/article/abakoresha-ikiyaga-cya-muhazi-barasabwa-kwigengesera-kubera-inzoka-ya-belariziyoze</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} m844ijpi0crd84qj7x52flsgpcsobk0 0 19681 148738 144931 2026-11-03T14:26:58Z Ndahiro derrick 8075 Ndahiro derrick moved page [[ABAHANZI]] to [[Abahanzi]] 144931 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Singing with joy.jpg|thumb|umuririmbyi]] Abahanzi ni abantu bafasha abandi kwishima baka nongera bagasusurutsa ababikeneye kandi ukanashimisha abawukora <ref>Abahanzi ni abantu bafashabandi kwishima baka nongera bagasusurutsa ababikeneye kandi ushobora gusanga nabo bibashimisha</ref> == <u>AKAMARO K'ABAHANZI</u> == * Abahanzi badufasha kuruhuka mu mutwe mu gihe tunaniwe<ref>Abahanzi badufasha kuruhuka mu mutwe mu gihe tunaniwe</ref> * Abahanzi bafasha igihugu gutera imbere<ref>Abahanzi bafasha igihugu gutera imbere</ref> * Abahanzi bafasha kwiga == <u>IBIBI BY'ABAHANZI</u> == # Batuma abana bishora mu busambanyi # batuma abana bakura batekereza nabi # batuma abana batiga neza<ref>Batuma abana bishora mu busambanyi batuma abana bakura batekereza nabi batuma abana batiga neza</ref> == <u>INGERO Z'ABAHANZI BATANDUKANYE</u> == * chriss eazy * nesa * zeo trap[[Dosiye:Dubois-BD-Traction.jpg|thumb|ibyerekeye abahanzi]]beat killa<ref>chriss eazy nesa zeo trap beat killa</ref> [[Dosiye:Dodge ZEO Concept 003.jpg|thumb|imodoka y'umuhanzi wa mbere mu rwanda]] == IBYO NAVUGA KU BAHANZI NIBYO NGIBYO .<ref>IBYO NAVUGA KU BAHANZI NIBYO NGIBYO .</ref> == {{Reflist}} === Amashakiro === cxmdr6ayv2huqvmpuqf54z1lvh10br7 0 19703 148793 125120 2026-11-03T15:45:13Z Score Beethoven 11559 148793 wikitext text/x-wiki '''M. Enamul Hossain''' (yavutse ku ya 6 Kamena 1969) ni umuhanga mu by'uburezi, umushakashatsi, n'umunyakwigira ukomoka mu gihugu cya Bangladesh, uzwi cyane kubera uruhare rwe mu bijyanye n'ubutunzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro, ibibazo by’ibidukikije, n’iterambere rirambye. Yabaye umwarimu muri Kaminuza ya King Fahd mu Ishami ry'Ubumenyi bwa Peteroli n'Ubucukuzi bw'Amabuye y’Agaciro. == Ubuzima Bwo M. Enamul Hossain == {{Infobox person|name=M. Enamul Hossain|birth_date=June 6, 1969|birth_place=North Kharana Kaishapara, Kharana Union, Patiya Upazila, Chattogram District,Bangladesh|nationality=Bangladesh|citizenship=Canada|spouse=Nasra Mohamed Shah Alam Mohamed}} == uri Kare n’Amashuri == M. Enamul Hossain yize impamyabumenyi ya mbere (BSc) mu gushushanya imashini (Mechanical Engineering) muri Kaminuza y’Ubugenge n’Ikoranabuhanga ya Bangladesh (BUET) mu 1995. Nyuma yaho, yakomereje mu masomo y’icyiciro cya kabiri cya kaminuza (Master's) mu bijyanye n’Ubukungu bw’Ibikomoka kuri Peteroli n’Imiterere y’Ibutaka (Petroleum and Mineral Resources Engineering) binyuze mu bufatanye bwa BUET na Kaminuza ya Alberta, maze arangiza iyo degree mu 2001. Yabonye impamyabumenyi y’ikirenga (PhD) mu by’ubugenge burambye bw’ibikomoka kuri Peteroli (Sustainable Petroleum Engineering) hamwe n’impamyabumenyi y’icyiciro cya gatatu (MBA) muri Kaminuza ya Dalhousie, Canada, mu 2008 na 2009, bikurikirana. == Umwuga == M. Enamul Hossain yakoze mu myanya itandukanye y’ubuyobozi no mu burezi muri za kaminuza ku isi hose, harimo: * Statoil Chair Professor muri Memorial University of Newfoundland (MUN), muri Kanada. * Imyanya y’ubuyobozi muri za kaminuza zirimo Ryerson University (Umushakashatsi Mushyitsi), King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), Dalhousie University, Sultan Qaboos University, American University in Cairo, Nazarbayev University, na Chittagong University of Engineering & Technology (CUET). Yanakoreye kandi nka Professor Adjunct muri kaminuza nyinshi ku isi yose no mu nganda zitandukanye, aho yagize imyanya y'ubuyobozi muri Saudi Aramco, ONGE, Qatar Petroleum, Petronas, na ADNOC. == Imigabane mu Bushakashatsi == M. Enamul Hossain yakoze byinshi mu bijyanye n’ingufu z’ubumenyi zishyigikira iterambere rirambye n’ubushakashatsi mu by'amavuta n’ibikomoka kuri peteroli, by’umwihariko binyuze mu gutangiza "igitekerezo cyo kwibuka" mu bikorwa by’amavuta ya peteroli. Ubushakashatsi bwe bwashimwe ku rwego mpuzamahanga, bukaba bwarabonye inkunga irenga miliyoni 16.9 z’amadolari y'Amerika itangwa n’ibigo nka Statoil, Saudi Aramco, na NSERC. Afite patenti 11 zemewe muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, zimwe muri zo zikaba ziri mu nzira yo gushyirwa ku isoko. Ibikorwa bye by’ubushakashatsi birimo inyandiko z’ubumenyi zirenga 200 hamwe n’ibitabo 10, byanditswe bigashyirwa hanze n’inzu zisohora ibitabo zikomeye nka Elsevier, Wiley, na Scrivener Publishing. == Ubwitange n'Ubuyobozi mu Burezi == M. Enamul Hossain ni we washinze Ishuri Mpuzamahanga rya NSRIC muri Toronto (NIST) n’Ishuri Rikuru Mpuzamahanga rya NSRIC muri Toronto (NICT). Yashinzwe kandi Umuryango witwa Aziza Trust, umuryango utanga ubufasha washinzwe mu mwaka wa 2009, binyuze muri uyu muryango yashinze Umujyi w’Uburezi wa NSRIC mu mujyi wa Chattogram, muri Bangladesh, utanga uburezi ku banyeshuri batishoboye. == Ubuzima Bwe bw’Igiti == M. Enamul Hossain afite filozofiya y’ubuzima bwite n’iy’umwuga ishingiye cyane ku ndangagaciro ziri mu mizi y’umwuka. Ubushakashatsi bwe bwa siyansi ku kwibuka kwa peteroli bufite imizi mu gusobanura kwe Surah Al-Hashr, byamubereye isoko yo kuganisha ubushakashatsi n’ibikorwa bye bya kaminuza. == Ibitabo n’Impamyabumenyi-mpanuka == M. Enamul Hossain ni umwanditsi w’ibitabo 10 ku bijyanye n'ubumenyi bw'ubucukuzi bwa peteroli n'ubumenyi burambye, birimo ibitabo by’ingenzi bikunze gukoreshwa mu mashuri makuru. Afite impamyabumenyi-mpanuka 11 zemewe na Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika zijyanye n'imikorere irambye mu bucukuzi bwa peteroli. == Amashakiro y’Ibikorwa byatoranyijwe == Ibitabo Byatoranijwe # Fundamentals of Drilling Engineering: MCQs and Workout Examples for Beginners and Engineers # Hydrocarbons in Basement Formations # Advanced Petroleum Reservoir Simulation: Towards Developing Reservoir Emulators, 2nd Edition # AN ADVANCED ANALYSIS TECHNIQUE FOR SUSTAINABLE PETROLEUM OPERATIONS: A Scientific Guideline for Experimental and Mathematical Modeling of Petroleum Reservoirs # DRILLING ENGINEERING: TOWARDS ACHIEVING TOTAL SUSTAINABILITY (Sustainable Oil and Gas Development) # The Science of Climate Change Ingingo z’ingenzi # A sustainable approach to controlling oil spills - Yashyizwe ahagaragara ku itariki ya 1 Ukwakira 2012. # Modified Kozeny–Carmen correlation for enhanced hydraulic flow unit characterization - Yatangajwe ku itariki ya 9 Ukuboza 2011. # Drilling Fluid: State of The Art and Future Trend - Iyi nyandiko yasohotse ku itariki ya 20 Gashyantare 2012. == Ibihembo n’Imenyekanishwa == * Umwarimu wa Mbere wa "Statoil Chair" muri Kaminuza ya Memorial University of Newfoundland: Yagizweho nk'umwarimu wa mbere ufite umwanya w'icyubahiro muri iyi kaminuza, ashimirwa uruhare rwe mu bushakashatsi no kwigisha. * Yamenyekanye nk’inzobere iyoboye mu bijyanye na Sustainable Petroleum Engineering: Yamenyekanye ku rwego mpuzamahanga kubera ubumenyi bwe mu guteza imbere ingufu zituruka kuri peteroli zikoresha uburyo burambye. * Umugenerwabikorwa w’imishinga myinshi mpuzamahanga: Yahawe inkunga n’imishinga y’amafranga yaturutse mu bigo by'ubushakashatsi bizwi cyane nka Saudi Aramco, KFUM, na AUC. * Patent 11 zemewe muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika: Yabonye uburenganzira bwihariye ku buhanga bwe mu bijyanye n’ingufu zisubira no mu bijyanye na Petroleum Engineering. == Ibyitonderwa == # [https://faculty.kfupm.edu.sa/PET/menamul/biography.html "Ubuzima bwa Dr. M. Enamul Hossain".] Kaminuza y'Ibikomoka kuri Peteroli n'Imirasire y'Izuba ya King Fahd. # [https://library.kuet.ac.bd:8000/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=13896 "Amategeko y'ibanze yo gucukura amavuta mu buryo burambye / M. Enamul Hossain, PhD, Abdulaziz Abdullah Al-Majed, PhD"]. Kaminuza y'Ubuhanga mu Gucukura n'Ubugeni ya Khulna. # [https://biggani.org/%e0%a6%a1-%e0%a6%8f%e0%a6%ae-%e0%a6%8f%e0%a6%a8%e0%a6%be%e0%a6%ae%e0%a7%81%e0%a6%b2-%e0%a6%b9%e0%a7%8b%e0%a6%b8%e0%a7%87%e0%a6%a8/ "Umuhanga mu bya Siyansi: Prof. Dr. Mohammad Enamul Hossain"]. biggani.org. Yakuweho tariki ya Nyakanga 18, 2024. biggani.org (mu Kinyabengali). # [https://petroleumengineering.insightconferences.com/ocm/2017/m-enamul-hossain-memorial-university-of-newfoundland-canada "Ubuzima bwa Dr. M. Enamul Hossain"]. Kaminuza y'Ubushakashatsi ya Memorial (Memorial), Canada. Kamena 30, 2017. # [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/M-Enamul-Hossain "M. Enamul Hossain"]. Kaminuza y'Ubushakashatsi ya Memorial ResearchGate GmbH. # [https://web.archive.org/web/20250209210644/https://emiratessangbad.com/?p=81720 "Aya Surat Al-Hashr 24 mu Koran agaragaza ko Umunyacyubahiro w'i Chattogram Patiya, Dr. Mohammad Enamul Hossain"]. Amirat Sangsad, Ukwakira 22, 2024. ---- 65ansvcb3p266key9luyxostq4x90rc 0 19710 148538 147154 2026-11-03T12:57:58Z Baraka official 17008 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 148538 wikitext text/x-wiki == uburinganire n'ubwuzuzanye mu muryango == Kuva kera umuryango wari ugizwe n’umugabo, umugore we n’abana babyaranye, iyo babashije kubagira. Ijambo inshingano ryo rivuga imirimo umuntu agomba gukora.Tugiye kurebera hamwe uko umuco w’Abanyarwanda wateganyaga inshingano z’umugabo, iz’umugore n’iz’abana. Mu [[Umuco nyarwanda|muco nyarwanda]], umugabo yari nyiri urugo. Yafatwaga nk'umuyobozi w’umuryango akawuhagararira, akawuhahira, akawitangira muri byose. Umugore na we yari afite inshingano yagenerwaga n’umuco. Icya mbere umugore yashingwaga n’umuco ni ukurera abana.Nyuma yo kubyara umugore yitaga ku mwana, akamwonsa, akamuheka, akamenya isuku ye. Ni we wamenyaga ko umwana ashonje, akamugaburira.Ni we wamenyaga imyitwarire y’umwana mu mikurire ye, akagenda amutoza imico myiza kugira ngo azavemo umugabo cyangwa umugore ushimwa n’abantu. Usibye kurera abana, umugore yari afite inshingano yo gutegura [[Amafunguro yagutera ubwivumbure|amafunguro]]<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/utuntu-n-utundi/article/dore-amafunguro</ref>. Umugore rero yaratekaga akagaburira umugabo n’abana. Abana na bo bari bafite inshingano zo kumvira ababyeyi mu byo babatoza. Umuhungu yaragiraga [[inka]], akazikama, agafasha se mu by’ubwubatsi n’iby’[[ubuhinzi]]<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubuhinzi/ubuhinzi/</ref>.Umukobwa yafashaga nyina kurera abana bato kuri we, akamufasha kubuganiza no gucunda amata no gusobanura amavuta,akamufasha guteka ndetse no gusukura urugo. Muri iki gihe Abanyarwanda bagenda batera intambwe yo gusohoka muri iyo mitekerereze ari na ko bimakaza imyumvire mishya igenda ikosora ibitari binoze mu muco wa kera. Ikerekezo k’iterambere kirasaba umugabo n’umugore kuba ari bo bigabanira imirimo bitewe n’ubushobozi n’umwanya buri wese afite.Niba umugore azinduka ajya ku murimo wa kure, haba mu biro cyangwa ajya gushakisha ibicuruzwa, ubwo umugabo azasigara mu rugo,yite ku bana, yite ku isuku y’urugo, amenye amatungo yose, amagufi n’amaremare. Niba umugabo ari we ukora akazi ka kure, umugore ni we uzasigara mu rugo yita ku mirimo yose. Umugore aramutse ari we winjiza amafaranga menshi kurusha umugabo,ni we wakwita ku by’ubuhinzi n’ubwubatsi, kuko ari we waba afite icyo ashoramo. Igihe bombi bafite icyo binjiza,bazicara hasi bavugane imikoreshereze y’umutungo wabo, buri wese agaragaze uruhare rwe mu bikorwa by’iterambere ry’umuryango.Ku byerekeranye n’uburere bw’abana, ivangura ry’ibitsina mu gutozwa imirimo ntirigifite agaciro. Ababyeyi bagomba gutoza abana imirimo yose.Umuhungu azigana n’umukobwa gusukura urugo, gufuma, [Kubuganiza]] amata mu cyansi no kuyatereka ku ruhimbi; umukobwa na we yigane na musaza we kubaza, gucura, kubaka ndetse no gutwara ibinyabiziga. Ibyo byose ariko bagomba kubikora ari na ko bigishwa ibijyanye n’ubuzima bw’imyororokere bakiri bato,bakamenya imihindagurikire y’imibiri yabo uko bagenda bakura n’uko bagomba kubyitwaramo. Bazahurira mu mashuri y’ubumenyi n’ay’ikoranabuhanga, bahurire mu mashuri y’imyuga n’ay’ubukorikori. Muri aya mashuri yose kandi ihame ry’uburezi budaheza rigomba kubahirizwa, buri munyeshuri agahabwa amahirwe yo kwiga hitabwa ku bibazo by’umwihariko uwo ari we wese yaba afite. Kandi ayo mashuri nibayarangiza, bazahurira ku isoko ry’umurimo bapiganwe, urushije undi amanota abe ari we wegukana akazi,ya Nk’uko tumaze kubibona umuco wa kera waranzwe no kugaragaza ko hari ibyo umugabo yari ashinzwe umugore atakwigerereza, n’umugore akagira ibyo yabazwaga bitari mu nshingano z’umugabo. Uyu munsi, [[Abanyarwanda]]<ref>http://gihe.com/umuco/amateka/article/ibirango-by-imiryango-migari-y-abanyarwanda</ref> baratozwa kuzuzanya, kunganirana. Nta mirimo igenewe umugabo, nta n’igenewe umugore. Bitewe n’uko byumvikanyweho mu rugo hashingiwe ku bushobozi buri wese afite, umugabo yiyemeza gukora ibi, umugore na we akiyemeza gukora biriya, umusaruro ukaba uw’urugo rwose. Ntabwo urugo rukiri urw’umugabo; ni urwa bombi. Bagomba bombi guharanira iterambere ry’umuryango == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} 65zf8j41pc429mvcuxsmgzwd1pn2drc 0 19728 148675 143837 2026-11-03T13:07:09Z Score Beethoven 11559 148675 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox umurenge}} '''Umurenge wa Nkungu''' ni umwe mu [[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|mirenge]] 18 igize [[Akarere ka Rusizi]], mu [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba]] bw’u [[Rwanda]]. Ugizwe n'utugari 4 n'imidugudu 40. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, Umurenge wa Nkungu wari utuwe n'abaturage 21 696. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → [[Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Uturere]] → Imirenge → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Utugari n'imidugudu == [[Dosiye:Rwanda, Rusizi District.png|thumb|left|Ikarita y'Akarere ka Rusizi]] Umurenge wa Nkungu ni umwe mu mirenge 18 y'Akarere ka Rusizi.<ref name="citypop">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/36__rusizi/ |title=Rusizi (District, Rwanda) – Sectors |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Ugizwe n'[[Akagari|utugari]] 4 n'imidugudu 40:<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://gitlab.com/Bercove/rwanda-locations/-/blob/master/Rwanda_Locations.json |title=Rwanda Locations |website=GitLab |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> * Gatare: Bahuro, Cyandarama, Kimpundu, Kivugiza, Madaho, Njambwe, Rubona na Rutegamatwi; * Kiziguro: Byugaro, Gasarabuye, Kabigohe, Kabuga, Kabuganza, Kadashya, Kamabuye, Karongoro, Mpinga, Mukenke, Rebero na Ryamibuga; * Mataba: Gashashi, Gatagara, Gatondo, Gikombe, Honga, Kabinyugwe, Kamajumba, Migazo, Muhora, Rubona na Rwamaraba; * Ryamuhirwa: Gako, Gatarange, Kigurwe, Kinanira, Kiyanza, Nyarushishi, Rugabe, Rususa na Ryamaraza. == Abaturage == Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2012, Umurenge wa Nkungu wari utuwe n'abaturage 20 697. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, wari utuwe n'abaturage 21 696.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/rusizi/3614__nkungu/ |title=Nkungu (Sector, Rwanda) |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> == Ubuzima == Umurenge wa Nkungu ufite [[Ikigo nderabuzima|ikigo nderabuzima]]. Mu 2009, iki kigo nderabuzima nticyari gifite ibikoresho bihagije by'ubuvuzi.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/26101/health-centre-lacks-crucial-equipment |title=Health Centre lacks crucial equipment |website=The New Times |date=2009-09-23 |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> == Ubukungu n'ibidukikije == Bamwe mu baturage ba Nkungu basoroma [[icyayi]] mu mirima ya Copthé Shagasha.<ref>{{Cite web |author=Muhire Donatien |url=https://umuseke.rw/inkuba-yatwaye-ubuzima-bwumuntu/ |title=Inkuba yatwaye ubuzima bw’umuntu |website=Umuseke |date=2025-09-30 |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Ishyirahamwe Zirarese Nkungu rikusanya [[amata]] y'aborozi mbere yo kuyagurisha. Mu 2018, Caritas ya [[Diyosezi Gatolika ya Cyangugu]] yaryubakiye inyubako ku bufatanye n'Urwego rw'Igihugu rw'Iterambere (RDB). Iyo nyubako ifite agaciro ka hafi miliyoni 17,5 z'amafaranga y'u Rwanda. Abanyamuryango baryo biyemeje kurinda ishyamba rya Cyamudongo.<ref>{{Cite web |author=Fidèle Nshimiyimana |url=https://www.diocesecyangugu.com/en/cyangugu-diocesan-caritas-has-built-a-house-for-zirarese-nkungu/ |title=Cyangugu Diocesan Caritas has built a house for “Zirarese Nkungu” |website=Diocèse de Cyangugu |date=2018-12-06 |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Ishyamba rya Cyamudongo ni igice gito cya [[Pariki ya Nyungwe]]. Ribamo [[impundu]].<ref>{{Cite web |author=Bruce Byers |url=https://www.brucebyersconsulting.com/cyamudongo-forest-chimpanzees-batwa-and-tea/ |title=Cyamudongo Forest: Chimpanzees, Batwa, and Tea |website=Bruce Byers Consulting |date=2015-01-06 |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Rusizi}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Rusizi]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Nkungu]] 4frxuunb09ez6i38dv1mn5wx4noqh94 0 19731 148604 147954 2026-11-03T13:04:15Z Score Beethoven 11559 148604 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox umurenge}} '''Umurenge wa Giheke''' ni umwe mu [[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|mirenge]] 18 igize [[Akarere ka Rusizi]], mu [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba]] bw’u [[Rwanda]]. Ugizwe n’utugari 8 n’imidugudu 36. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, Umurenge wa Giheke wari utuwe n’abaturage 20 740. Muri uyu murenge hahingwa icyayi n’ikawa. Hari kandi [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Giheke]]. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → [[Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Uturere]] → Imirenge → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Ubumenyi bw’isi == Umurenge wa Giheke ufite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 35,80. Uhana imbibi n’imirenge ya Gihundwe, [[Umurenge wa Nkungu|Nkungu]] na Nkanka yo mu Karere ka Rusizi. Uhana kandi imbibi n’imirenge ya Bushenge na Ruharambuga yo mu [[Akarere ka Nyamasheke]].<ref name="citypopulation">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/rusizi/3605__giheke/ |title=Giheke (Sector, Rwanda) |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> == Utugari == [[Dosiye:Rwanda, Rusizi District.png|thumb|left|Ikarita y'Akarere ka Rusizi]] Umurenge wa Giheke ugizwe n’[[Akagari|utugari]] 8 n’[[Imidugudu|imidugudu]] 36:<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://gitlab.com/Bercove/rwanda-locations/-/blob/master/Rwanda_Locations.json |title=Rwanda Locations |website=GitLab |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> * Cyendajuru: Burembo, Kabeza, Kibakure na Murinzi; * Gakomeye: Buzi, Gacyamo, Kabuga, Kagarama na Ruvumbu; * Giheke: Karambo, Murambi, Rugombo, Rwumvangoma na Wimana; * Kamashangi: Gitwa, Isha, Kamuhozi na Rukombe; * Kigenge: Gahinga, Gahurubuka na Rwamiko; * Ntura: Bubanga, Kabujyogoro, Kabyuma, Karambi, Kavuye, Kigenge, Ntura na Rebero; * Rwega: Impala, Kanoga na Rwega; * Turambi: Kamuhoza, Munyove, Rwinkwavu na Turambi. == Abaturage == Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2012, Umurenge wa Giheke wari utuwe n’abaturage 19 359. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, wari utuwe n’abaturage 20 740. Ubucucike bwari abantu 579 kuri kilometero kare.<ref name="citypopulation"/> == Kwibuka == Mu Murenge wa Giheke hari [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Giheke]]. Mu Ugushyingo 2007, imibiri 838 y’abazize [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]] yashyinguwe muri uru rwibutso rushya.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/2875/over-800-genocide-victims-laid-in-rusizi |title=Over 800 Genocide victims laid in Rusizi |website=The New Times |date=2007-11-21 |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> == Ubukungu == Muri Giheke hahingwa [[icyayi]] n’[[ikawa]]. Mu Ugushyingo 2017, abahinzi b’icyayi bo mu Murenge wa Giheke bahawe ibihembo kubera guhinga icyayi neza.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ktpress.rw/2017/11/sir-ian-wood-rewards-rwandas-tea-farming-partners/ |title=Sir Ian Wood Rewards Rwanda's Tea Farming Partners |website=KT Press |date=2017-11-10 |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Koperative Gisuma Coffee ikorera mu Kagari ka Kigenge. Yatangiye gukora mu 2010. Itunganya ikawa y’abahinzi bo muri ako gace.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://gisumacoffee.rw/about |title=About Gisuma |website=Gisuma Coffee |language=en |archive-date=2023-11-28 |access-date=2026-10-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231128192130/http://gisumacoffee.rw/about |url-status=dead}}</ref> Muri Giheke kandi hakorera Giheke Dairy. Ni ikigo gitunganya [[amata]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://gihekedairy.rw/contact.html |title=Giheke Dairy – Contact |website=Giheke Dairy |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> == Ubuzima == Abaturage ba Giheke bavurirwa ku [[Ikigo nderabuzima|Kigo Nderabuzima]] cya Giheke. Mu Kagari ka Ntura hashyizweho iposita y’ubuzima. Mbere, abaturage bakoraga urugendo rurenga kilometero 7 bajya ku kigo nderabuzima.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://worldconnect.global/projects/acquisition-of-equipment-for-ntura-health-post |title=Acquisition of drugs, equipment and health staff for Ntura Health Post |website=World Connect |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Giheke yari mu mirenge yatoranyijwe mu mushinga wo kubaka amaposita 7 y’ubuzima mu Karere ka Rusizi. Imirimo yatangiye mu Ugushyingo 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.aimf.asso.fr/actualite/construction-de-7-postes-de-sante-a-rusizi-rwanda-les-travaux-avancent/ |title=Construction de 7 postes de santé à Rusizi (Rwanda) |website=AIMF |date=2021-01-26 |language=fr |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Giheke Sector|Amafoto y’Umurenge wa Giheke]] kuri Wikimedia Commons {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Rusizi}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Rusizi]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Giheke]] dtanfodxu7krwcwxqlfkbmw7af29rzu 0 19741 148586 143836 2026-11-03T13:03:28Z Score Beethoven 11559 148586 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox umurenge}} '''Umurenge wa Butare''' ni umwe mu [[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|mirenge]] 18 igize [[Akarere ka Rusizi]], mu [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba]] bw’u [[Rwanda]]. Ugizwe n'utugari 4. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, Umurenge wa Butare wari utuwe n'abaturage 25 483. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → [[Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Uturere]] → Imirenge → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Ubumenyi bw’isi == [[Dosiye:Rwanda, Rusizi District.png|thumb|left|Ikarita y'Akarere ka Rusizi]] Umurenge wa Butare ufite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 206,4.<ref name="citypop">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/rusizi/3602__butare/ |title=Butare (Sector, Rwanda) |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Uhana imbibi n'[[Uburundi]]. Uhana kandi imbibi n'imirenge ya Gikundamvura, Bugarama na Nyakabuye. == Utugari == Umurenge wa Butare ugizwe n'[[Akagari|utugari]] 4: {{div col|colwidth=15em}} * Gatanda * Gatereri * Nyamihanda * Rwambogo {{div col end}} == Abaturage == Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2012, Umurenge wa Butare wari utuwe n'abaturage 19 937.<ref name="nisr2012">{{Cite web |url=https://statistics.gov.rw/sites/default/files/2025-06/Rusizi_District_Profile_0.pdf |title=Fourth Population and Housing Census, Rwanda, 2012. District Profile: Rusizi |publisher=National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda |date=January 2015 |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, wari utuwe n'abaturage 25 483.<ref name="nisr2022">{{Cite web |url=https://statistics.gov.rw/sites/default/files/2025-05/Rusizi.pdf |title=The Fifth Rwanda Population and Housing Census. District Profile: Rusizi |publisher=National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda |date=September 2023 |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Abagabo bari 12 243. Abagore bari 13 240. Abaturage bose batuye mu cyaro.<ref name="citypop" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Butare Sector|Amafoto y'Umurenge wa Butare]] kuri Wikimedia Commons {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Rusizi}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Rusizi]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Butare]] cqelg26sed96wefd6t3ib5aiekcmlv6 0 19790 148751 137676 2026-11-03T15:03:43Z Cnyirahabihirwe12345 13702 Kongeraho igika 148751 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Ibiryo jp.jpg|thumb|Ibiryo birimo umunyu]] '''Gukora umunyu''' mu bakurambere bambere bahanze u [[Rwanda]] bari bazi gukora umunyu bashyiraga mu biryo, bawukoze mu ivu ry’Imiberanya. Ni uburyo bafataga ibyatsi bita imiberanya bagatwika ivu ryabyo bakarishyira mu mazi, ubundi rikikeneka, bakaza kuyungurura ibikatsi byaryo bakabimena, amazi bakayabika ahantu hasukuye, ubundi bakajya bayashyira mu biryo.<ref>https://igihe.com/umuco/ubugeni/article/imyuga-yacwekereye-kandi-yarafashaga-abanyarwanda-ba-kera-kwirwanaho</ref> == Ubwoko bw'umunyu == === Gikukuru === Umunyu w'ubwoko bwa '''Gikukuru,''' ni umunyu ubaho uturutse ku gukama kw'amazi y'inyanja, ibisigazwa by'ayo mazi y'inyanja biba birimo umunyu.<ref>https://www.inrap.fr/</ref> Gikukuri ni umunyu wifashishwa mu kuvura indwara zimwe na zimwe : nk'inzoka, iyo bayivanze n'umutobe w'indimu ivura ibicurane ,....<ref>https://kigalitoday.com/amakuru/utuntu-n-utundi/article/gikukuru-umunyu-ufite-akamaro-karenze-ako-ushobora-kuba-utekereza</ref> == Akamaro k'umunyu == == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco w' U Rwanda]] 891t3hohfymptjvonyr3000ap2vtiri 148864 148751 2026-11-04T11:26:44Z Cnyirahabihirwe12345 13702 148864 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Table salt with salt shaker V1.jpg|thumb|Umunyu]] '''Gukora umunyu''' mu bakurambere bambere bahanze u [[Rwanda]] bari bazi gukora umunyu bashyiraga mu biryo, bawukoze mu ivu ry’Imiberanya. Ni uburyo bafataga ibyatsi bita imiberanya bagatwika ivu ryabyo bakarishyira mu mazi, ubundi rikikeneka, bakaza kuyungurura ibikatsi byaryo bakabimena, amazi bakayabika ahantu hasukuye, ubundi bakajya bayashyira mu biryo.<ref>https://igihe.com/umuco/ubugeni/article/imyuga-yacwekereye-kandi-yarafashaga-abanyarwanda-ba-kera-kwirwanaho</ref> == Ubwoko bw'umunyu == === Gikukuru === Umunyu w'ubwoko bwa '''Gikukuru,''' ni umunyu ubaho uturutse ku gukama kw'amazi y'inyanja, ibisigazwa by'ayo mazi y'inyanja biba birimo umunyu.<ref>https://www.inrap.fr/</ref> Gikukuri ni umunyu wifashishwa mu kuvura indwara zimwe na zimwe : nk'inzoka, iyo bayivanze n'umutobe w'indimu ivura ibicurane ,....<ref>https://kigalitoday.com/amakuru/utuntu-n-utundi/article/gikukuru-umunyu-ufite-akamaro-karenze-ako-ushobora-kuba-utekereza</ref> == Akamaro k'umunyu == == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco w' U Rwanda]] dwdjk6h1qo6qfe2zu27wawqztc0v4u9 0 19884 148589 143964 2026-11-03T13:03:37Z Score Beethoven 11559 148589 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox umurenge}} '''Umurenge wa Byumba''' ni umwe mu [[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|mirenge]] 21 igize [[Akarere ka Gicumbi]], mu [[Intara y’Amajyaruguru y’u Rwanda|Ntara y'Amajyaruguru]] y’u [[Rwanda]]. Muri uyu murenge harimo igice kinini cy'umujyi wa [[Byumba]]. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, Umurenge wa Byumba wari utuwe n'abaturage 43 134. Abaturage 19 270 batuye mu mujyi. Abaturage 23 864 batuye mu cyaro. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → [[Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Uturere]] → Imirenge → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Abaturage == Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2012, Umurenge wa Byumba wari utuwe n'abaturage 36 401. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, wari utuwe n'abaturage 43 134. Abagabo bari 20 372. Abagore bari 22 762.<ref name="citypop"/> Abaturage 19 270 batuye mu mujyi. Abaturage 23 864 batuye mu cyaro.<ref name="citypop"/> Imirenge myinshi y'Akarere ka Gicumbi ituwe n'abaturage bo mu cyaro gusa. Byumba, Kageyo na Rukomo ni yo mirenge ifite abaturage batuye mu mujyi.<ref name="nisr"/> == Umujyi wa Byumba == {{Main|Byumba}} Umujyi wa Byumba witwa kandi umujyi wa Gicumbi. Igice kinini cyawo kiri mu Murenge wa Byumba. Ikindi gice kiri mu Murenge wa Kaniga.<ref name="kt"/> Byumba ni icyicaro cya [[Diyosezi Gatolika ya Byumba]].<ref name="ch"/> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist|refs= <ref name="citypop">{{Cite web |title=Byumba (Sector, Rwanda) – Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/gicumbi/4503__byumba/ |website=City Population |access-date=2026-10-24 |language=en}}</ref> <ref name="nisr">{{Cite web |title=RPHC5 District Profile: Gicumbi |url=https://statistics.gov.rw/sites/default/files/2025-05/Gicumbi.pdf |website=National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda |date=September 2023 |access-date=2026-10-24 |language=en}}</ref> <ref name="kt">{{Cite web |title=Umujyi wa Gicumbi uratera imbere umunsi ku wundi (Amafoto) |url=https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/mu-rwanda/article/umujyi-wa-gicumbi-uratera-imbere-umunsi-ku-wundi-amafoto |website=Kigali Today |author=Servilien Mutuyimana |date=2024-03-06 |access-date=2026-10-19}}</ref> <ref name="ch">{{Cite web |title=Diocese of Byumba |url=https://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dbyum.html |website=Catholic-Hierarchy |access-date=2026-10-19 |language=en}}</ref> }} == Reba kandi == === Ingingo zijyanye === * [[Byumba]] * [[Akarere ka Gicumbi]] * [[Imirenge y’u Rwanda]] === Ihuza ryo hanze === {{Commonscat|Byumba Sector}} * [https://www.gicumbi.gov.rw/ Urubuga rw'Akarere ka Gicumbi] {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Gicumbi}} [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Byumba]] [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Gicumbi|Byumba]] [[Ikiciro:Intara y’Amajyaruguru y’U Rwanda]] q66kz098s2cpgskwhw9i1u8occ0vg5w 0 19901 148664 143878 2026-11-03T13:06:40Z Score Beethoven 11559 148664 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox umurenge}} '''Umurenge wa Mutete''' ni umwe mu [[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|mirenge]] 21 igize [[Akarere ka Gicumbi]], mu [[Intara y’Amajyaruguru y’u Rwanda|Ntara y'Amajyaruguru]] y’u [[Rwanda]]. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, Umurenge wa Mutete wari utuwe n'abaturage 27 517. Abaturage bose batuye mu cyaro. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → [[Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Uturere]] → Imirenge → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Abaturage == [[Dosiye:Rwanda, Gicumbi District.png|thumb|left|Ikarita y'Akarere ka Gicumbi]] Akarere ka Gicumbi kagizwe n'imirenge 21. Umurenge wa Mutete ni umwe muri yo.<ref name="akarere">{{Cite web |url=https://www.gicumbi.gov.rw/akarere/menya-akarere |title=Menya Akarere ka Gicumbi |website=gicumbi.gov.rw |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2012, Umurenge wa Mutete wari utuwe n'abaturage 23 053. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, wari utuwe n'abaturage 27 517. Abagabo bari 12 960. Abagore bari 14 557.<ref name="citypop">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/gicumbi/4512__mutete/ |title=Mutete (Sector, Rwanda) – Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Abaturage bose batuye mu cyaro.<ref name="citypop" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Mutete Sector|Amafoto y’Umurenge wa Mutete]] kuri Wikimedia Commons {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Gicumbi}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Gicumbi|Mutete]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Mutete]] padj8kpt7gomk0mixzf87lddpitxtb8 0 19923 148618 143979 2026-11-03T13:04:44Z Score Beethoven 11559 148618 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox umurenge}} '''Umurenge wa Kageyo''' ni umwe mu mirenge 21 igize [[Akarere ka Gicumbi]], mu [[Intara y’Amajyaruguru y’u Rwanda|Ntara y'Amajyaruguru]], mu [[Rwanda]]. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, Umurenge wa Kageyo wari utuwe n'abaturage 20 888. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → [[Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Uturere]] → Imirenge → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Abaturage == [[Dosiye:Rwanda, Gicumbi District.png|thumb|left|Ikarita y'Akarere ka Gicumbi]] Umurenge wa Kageyo ni umwe mu mirenge 21 y'Akarere ka Gicumbi.<ref name="citypopgic">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/45__gicumbi/ |title=Gicumbi (District, Rwanda) – Sectors |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-25}}</ref> Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2012, Umurenge wa Kageyo wari utuwe n'abaturage 30 270. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, wari utuwe n'abaturage 20 888. Abagabo bari 9 887. Abagore bari 11 001. Abaturage 6 646 batuye mu mujyi. Abaturage 14 242 batuye mu cyaro.<ref name="citypop">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/gicumbi/4506__kageyo/ |title=Kageyo (Sector, Rwanda) – Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-25}}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Gicumbi}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Gicumbi]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Kageyo]] slujjkynvzshxmukz0mnb03an6lcwdt 0 19924 148615 143718 2026-11-03T13:04:38Z Score Beethoven 11559 148615 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox umurenge}} '''Umurenge wa Kabare''' ni umwe mu mirenge 12 igize [[Akarere ka Kayonza]], mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba|Ntara y'Iburasirazuba]] y'u [[Rwanda]]. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, Umurenge wa Kabare wari utuwe n'abaturage 40 228. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → [[Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Uturere]] → Imirenge → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Imiterere == Umurenge wa Kabare ni umwe mu mirenge 12 y'Akarere ka Kayonza.<ref name="menya">{{Cite web |url=https://www.kayonza.gov.rw/about/menya-akarere |title=Menya Akarere |website=kayonza.gov.rw |language=rw |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241221122045/https://www.kayonza.gov.rw/about/menya-akarere |archive-date=2024-12-21 |url-status=dead |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Ufite ubuso bwa km² 110,7.<ref name="cp">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/kayonza/5402__kabare/ |title=Kabare (Sector, Rwanda) – Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> == Abaturage == Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2012, Umurenge wa Kabare wari utuwe n'abaturage 34 460. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, wari utuwe n'abaturage 40 228. Abagabo bari 19 336. Abagore bari 20 892. Abaturage bose batuye mu cyaro.<ref name="cp"/> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Kayonza}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Kayonza]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Kabare]] 16wa2n1v1a5o1yh4gk2blztp84dg8ks 0 19927 148594 143700 2026-11-03T13:03:49Z Score Beethoven 11559 148594 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox umurenge}} '''Umurenge wa Gahini''' ni umwe mu mirenge igize [[Akarere ka Kayonza]], mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba|Ntara y'Iburasirazuba]] y'u [[Rwanda]]. Uri hafi y'[[Ikiyaga cya Muhazi]]. Mu 2022, uyu murenge wari utuwe n'abaturage 46 009. Gahini ifite ibitaro binini. Ni n'icyicaro cya Diyosezi ya Gahini y'Itorero Angilikani ry'u Rwanda. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → [[Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Uturere]] → Imirenge → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Imiterere == Umurenge wa Gahini ufite ubuso bwa km² 201,7.<ref name="cp">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/kayonza/5401__gahini/ |title=Gahini (Sector, Rwanda) – Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Agace ka Gahini kari ku musozi, ku butumburuke bwa metero 1 520.<ref name="cp"/> Kari hafi y'Ikiyaga cya Muhazi.<ref name="nt">{{Cite news |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/89671/the-different-faces-of-gahini |title=The different faces of Gahini |work=The New Times |date=2013-03-15 |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> == Abaturage == Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2012, Umurenge wa Gahini wari utuwe n'abaturage 32 650. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, wari utuwe n'abaturage 46 009. Abagabo bari 22 449. Abagore bari 23 560. Abaturage 38 092 batuye mu cyaro. Abaturage 7 917 batuye mu mujyi.<ref name="cp"/> == Amateka == Umuryango w'abamisiyoneri Church Missionary Society (CMS) wahisemo Gahini. Wahubatse ivugabutumwa, ibitaro n'amashuri.<ref name="nt"/> Muganga Joe Church yatangiye imirimo y'ubuvuzi i Gahini nyuma ya 1927. Ububyutse bwo muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba (''East African Revival'') bwagaragaye bwa mbere i Gahini.<ref name="dacb">{{Cite web |url=https://dacb.org/stories/rwanda/church-johne/ |title=Church, John and Decima (A) |author=H. H. Osborn |website=Dictionary of African Christian Biography |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Uyu munsi, Gahini ni icyicaro cya Diyosezi ya Gahini y'Itorero Angilikani ry'u Rwanda.<ref name="nt"/> == Ubuvuzi == Ibitaro bya Gahini byashinzwe na CMS. Ni bimwe mu bitaro binini by'Intara y'Iburasirazuba. Bitanga serivisi zo kubyaza no kubaga amagufa. Bivura kandi virusi itera SIDA n'indwara z'amaso. Bifite ikigo cyita ku bafite ubumuga.<ref name="nt"/> == Ubukerarugendo == [[Dosiye:Passenger tour boat on Lake Muhazi, Rwanda, Africa.jpg|thumb|left|Ubwato butwara abagenzi ku Kiyaga cya Muhazi]] Inkombe y'Ikiyaga cya Muhazi ni ahantu nyaburanga h'ingenzi. Seeds of Peace Centre na Jambo Beach bisurwa n'abakerarugendo. Benshi bahahagarara bajya cyangwa bava muri Pariki y'Igihugu y'Akagera. Bakora ingendo mu bwato, uburobyi no kureba inyoni.<ref name="nt"/> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Lake Muhazi|Amafoto y'Ikiyaga cya Muhazi]] kuri Wikimedia Commons {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Kayonza}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Kayonza]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Gahini]] dj7ve43p43f88k09wypxtsnof83krna 0 19950 148705 143896 2026-11-03T13:08:28Z Score Beethoven 11559 148705 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox umurenge}} '''Umurenge wa Runda''' ni umwe mu [[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|mirenge]] 12 igize [[Akarere ka Kamonyi]], mu [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Ntara y'Amajyepfo]] y’u [[Rwanda]]. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, Umurenge wa Runda wari utuwe n'abaturage 72 778. Mu 2012, wari utuwe n'abaturage 34 839. Abaturage benshi b'uyu murenge batuye mu mujyi. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → [[Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Uturere]] → Imirenge → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Abaturage == [[Dosiye:Rwanda, Kamonyi District.png|thumb|left|Ikarita y'Akarere ka Kamonyi]] Umurenge wa Runda ni umwe mu mirenge 12 y'Akarere ka Kamonyi.<ref name="menya">{{Cite web |url=https://www.kamonyi.gov.rw/akarere/menya-akarere |title=Menya Akarere |website=Akarere ka Kamonyi |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2012, Umurenge wa Runda wari utuwe n'abaturage 34 839. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, wari utuwe n'abaturage 72 778. Abagabo bari 35 695. Abagore bari 37 083.<ref name="citypop">{{Cite web |url=https://citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/kamonyi/2812__runda/ |title=Runda (Sector, Rwanda) – Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Mu 2022, abari hagati y'imyaka 0 na 14 bari 25 627. Abari hagati y'imyaka 15 na 64 bari 45 028. Abari bafite imyaka 65 cyangwa irenga bari 1 980.<ref name="citypop" /> Abaturage 66 151 batuye mu mujyi. Abaturage 6 627 batuye mu cyaro.<ref name="citypop" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Runda Sector|Amafoto y’Umurenge wa Runda]] kuri Wikimedia Commons {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Kamonyi}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Kamonyi|Runda]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Runda]] kgg6pbu5ap1phxd5ow76j683nt34yh7 0 19956 148638 143884 2026-11-03T13:05:26Z Score Beethoven 11559 148638 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox umurenge}} '''Umurenge wa Kisaro''' ni umwe mu [[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|mirenge]] 17 igize [[Akarere ka Rulindo]], mu [[Intara y’Amajyaruguru y’u Rwanda|Ntara y’Amajyaruguru]] y’u [[Rwanda]]. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, Umurenge wa Kisaro wari utuwe n'abaturage 23 113. Ugizwe n'utugari 6. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → [[Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Uturere]] → Imirenge → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Utugari == [[Dosiye:Rwanda, Rulindo District.png|thumb|left|Ikarita y'Akarere ka Rulindo]] Akarere ka Rulindo kagizwe n'imirenge 17, utugari 71 n'imidugudu 494.<ref name="menya">{{Cite web |url=https://www.rulindo.gov.rw/akarere/menya-akarere |title=Menya Akarere |website=Akarere ka Rulindo |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Umurenge wa Kisaro ugizwe n'[[Akagari|utugari]] 6:<ref name="menya2023">{{Cite web |url=https://www.rulindo.gov.rw/about/menya-akarere |title=Menya Rulindo |website=Akarere ka Rulindo |language=rw |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230215193230/https://www.rulindo.gov.rw/about/menya-akarere |archive-date=2023-02-15 |url-status=dead |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> {{div col|colwidth=15em}} * Gitatsa * Kamushenyi * Kigarama * Mubuga * Murama * Sayo {{div col end}} == Abaturage == Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2012, Umurenge wa Kisaro wari utuwe n'abaturage 19 868. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, wari utuwe n'abaturage 23 113. Abagabo bari 11 054. Abagore bari 12 059. Abaturage bose batuye mu cyaro.<ref name="citypop">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/rulindo/4108__kisaro/ |title=Kisaro (Sector, Rwanda) – Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Kisaro Sector|Amafoto y’Umurenge wa Kisaro]] kuri Wikimedia Commons {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Rulindo}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Rulindo|Kisaro]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Kisaro]] 7zfrbml43swojsarbcgw8sh8qb1xydc 0 19958 148699 143879 2026-11-03T13:08:11Z Score Beethoven 11559 148699 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox umurenge}} '''Umurenge wa Rubaya''' ni umwe mu [[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|mirenge]] 21 igize [[Akarere ka Gicumbi]], mu [[Intara y’Amajyaruguru y’u Rwanda|Ntara y'Amajyaruguru]] y’u [[Rwanda]]. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, Umurenge wa Rubaya wari utuwe n'abaturage 12 044. Abaturage bose batuye mu cyaro. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → [[Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Uturere]] → Imirenge → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Abaturage == [[Dosiye:Rwanda, Gicumbi District.png|thumb|left|Ikarita y'Akarere ka Gicumbi]] Akarere ka Gicumbi kagizwe n'imirenge 21. Umurenge wa Rubaya ni umwe muri yo.<ref name="akarere">{{Cite web |url=https://www.gicumbi.gov.rw/akarere/menya-akarere |title=Menya Akarere ka Gicumbi |website=gicumbi.gov.rw |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2012, Umurenge wa Rubaya wari utuwe n'abaturage 10 509. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, wari utuwe n'abaturage 12 044. Abagabo bari 5 801. Abagore bari 6 243.<ref name="citypop">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/gicumbi/4515__rubaya/ |title=Rubaya (Sector, Rwanda) – Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Abaturage bose batuye mu cyaro.<ref name="citypop" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Gicumbi}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Gicumbi|Rubaya]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Rubaya]] 1r00m3umh71exw3wwu9sjq81zkt75wi 0 19959 148654 143757 2026-11-03T13:06:11Z Score Beethoven 11559 148654 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox umurenge}} '''Umurenge wa Mukarange''' ni umwe mu mirenge 12 igize [[Akarere ka Kayonza]], mu [[Intara y’Iburasirazuba|Ntara y’Iburasirazuba]] y’u [[Rwanda]]. Umujyi wa Kayonza n’icyicaro cy’Akarere ka Kayonza biherereye muri uyu murenge. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, Umurenge wa Mukarange wari utuwe n’abaturage 54 818. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → [[Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Uturere]] → Imirenge → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Utugari == Akarere ka Kayonza kagizwe n’imirenge 12, utugari 50 n’imidugudu 421.<ref name="menya">{{Cite web |url=https://www.kayonza.gov.rw/about/menya-akarere |title=Menya Akarere |website=kayonza.gov.rw |language=rw |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241221122045/https://www.kayonza.gov.rw/about/menya-akarere |archive-date=2024-12-21 |url-status=dead |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Umurenge wa Mukarange ugizwe n’[[Akagari|utugari]] 5: {{div col|colwidth=15em}} * Bwiza * Kayonza * Mburabuturo * Nyagatovu * Rugendabari {{div col end}} == Abaturage == Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2012, Umurenge wa Mukarange wari utuwe n’abaturage 42 055. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, wari utuwe n’abaturage 54 818. Abagore bari 28 074. Abagabo bari 26 744.<ref name="cp">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/kayonza/5404__mukarange/ |title=Mukarange (Sector, Rwanda) – Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Abaturage 29 476 bari batuye mu mujyi. Abaturage 25 342 bari batuye mu cyaro. Abari munsi y’imyaka 15 bari 20 896. Abafite hagati y’imyaka 15 na 64 bari 32 271. Abafite imyaka 65 cyangwa irenga bari 1 651.<ref name="cp"/> == Ubukungu == Ubuhinzi n’ubucuruzi ni bimwe mu bikorwa by’ubukungu muri Mukarange. Muri uyu murenge hubatswe ububiko, ubwanikiro n’ubwumishirizo bw’imyaka. Ibyo bikorwa remezo bigamije kugabanya umusaruro wangirika nyuma yo gusarura. Bigamije kandi kongera agaciro k’ibikomoka ku buhinzi.<ref name="rubingisa">{{Cite web |url=http://www.kayonza.gov.rw/soma-ibindi/kayonza-goverineri-rubingisa-yasuye-ibikorwaremezo-bibikwamo-bikanatunganyirizwamo-umusaruro-ukomoka-ku-buhinzi |title=Kayonza: Goverineri Rubingisa yasuye ibikorwaremezo bibikwamo bikanatunganyirizwamo umusaruro ukomoka ku buhinzi |website=kayonza.gov.rw |publisher=Akarere ka Kayonza |date=2025-10-28 |language=rw |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251110024449/http://www.kayonza.gov.rw/soma-ibindi/kayonza-goverineri-rubingisa-yasuye-ibikorwaremezo-bibikwamo-bikanatunganyirizwamo-umusaruro-ukomoka-ku-buhinzi |archive-date=2025-11-10 |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Mukarange Sector|Amafoto y’Umurenge wa Mukarange]] kuri Wikimedia Commons {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Kayonza}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Kayonza|Mukarange]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Mukarange]] ib4iqxv47ovwqg7k5n537d9ppnqnasz 0 19960 148657 143761 2026-11-03T13:06:21Z Score Beethoven 11559 148657 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox umurenge}} '''Umurenge wa Murama''' ni umwe mu mirenge 12 igize [[Akarere ka Kayonza]], mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba|Ntara y'Iburasirazuba]] y'u [[Rwanda]]. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, Umurenge wa Murama wari utuwe n'abaturage 23 381. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → [[Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Uturere]] → Imirenge → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Imiterere == Umurenge wa Murama ni umwe mu mirenge 12 y'Akarere ka Kayonza.<ref name="menya">{{Cite web |url=https://www.kayonza.gov.rw/about/menya-akarere |title=Menya Akarere |website=kayonza.gov.rw |language=rw |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241221122045/https://www.kayonza.gov.rw/about/menya-akarere |archive-date=2024-12-21 |url-status=dead |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Ufite ubuso bwa km² 69,06.<ref name="cp">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/kayonza/5405__murama/ |title=Murama (Sector, Rwanda) – Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> == Abaturage == Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2012, Umurenge wa Murama wari utuwe n'abaturage 19 945. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, wari utuwe n'abaturage 23 381. Abagabo bari 11 169. Abagore bari 12 212. Abaturage bose batuye mu cyaro.<ref name="cp"/> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Kayonza}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Kayonza|Murama]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Murama]] mi3hktti0omzf9cd2swuhhnws9a2pfo 0 19961 148668 143770 2026-11-03T13:06:50Z Score Beethoven 11559 148668 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox umurenge}} '''Umurenge wa Ndego''' ni umwe mu [[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|mirenge]] 12 igize [[Akarere ka Kayonza]], mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba|Ntara y'Iburasirazuba]] y’u [[Rwanda]]. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, Umurenge wa Ndego wari utuwe n’abaturage 24 389. Uri ku mupaka wa [[Tanzaniya]]. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → [[Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Uturere]] → Imirenge → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Ubumenyi bw’isi == [[Dosiye:Kayonza district map.jpg|thumb|left|Ikarita y’Akarere ka Kayonza]] Umurenge wa Ndego ufite ubuso bwa km² 177,1.<ref name="cp">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/kayonza/5408__ndego/ |title=Ndego (Sector, Rwanda) – Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Ugizwe n’utugari tune: Byimana, Isangano, Karambi na Kiyovu.<ref name="nisr">{{Cite web |url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kayonza_district_map.jpg |title=Kayonza District (ikarita) |publisher=National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda |date=2017-10-16 |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Uhana imbibi n’[[Umurenge wa Mwiri]] mu majyaruguru. Uhana imbibi n’[[Umurenge wa Rwinkwavu]] n’[[Umurenge wa Kabare]] mu burengerazuba. Uhana imbibi na [[Tanzaniya]] mu burasirazuba. Uhana imbibi n’[[Akarere ka Kirehe]] mu majyepfo. Mu murenge hari ibiyaga bya Rwakibali na [[Ikiyaga cya Nasho|Nasho]].<ref name="nisr"/> == Abaturage == Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2012, Umurenge wa Ndego wari utuwe n’abaturage 18 918. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, wari utuwe n’abaturage 24 389. Abagabo bari 11 908. Abagore bari 12 481. Abaturage bose batuye mu cyaro.<ref name="cp"/> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Kayonza}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Kayonza|Ndego]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Ndego]] bkfitj7hhu997p609szbn9qg3awh9vc 0 19962 148625 143895 2026-11-03T13:05:00Z Score Beethoven 11559 148625 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox umurenge}} '''Umurenge wa Kayenzi''' ni umwe mu [[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|mirenge]] 12 igize [[Akarere ka Kamonyi]], mu [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Ntara y'Amajyepfo]] y’u [[Rwanda]]. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, Umurenge wa Kayenzi wari utuwe n'abaturage 25 209. Abaturage bose batuye mu cyaro. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → [[Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Uturere]] → Imirenge → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Abaturage == [[Dosiye:Rwanda, Kamonyi District.png|thumb|left|Ikarita y'Akarere ka Kamonyi]] Umurenge wa Kayenzi ni umwe mu mirenge 12 y'Akarere ka Kamonyi.<ref name="menya">{{Cite web |url=https://www.kamonyi.gov.rw/akarere/menya-akarere |title=Menya Akarere |website=Akarere ka Kamonyi |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2012, Umurenge wa Kayenzi wari utuwe n'abaturage 22 787. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, wari utuwe n'abaturage 25 209. Abagabo bari 12 289. Abagore bari 12 920.<ref name="citypop">{{Cite web |url=https://citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/kamonyi/2803__kayenzi/ |title=Kayenzi (Sector, Rwanda) – Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Mu 2022, abari hagati y'imyaka 0 na 14 bari 8 559. Abari hagati y'imyaka 15 na 64 bari 14 982. Abari bafite imyaka 65 cyangwa irenga bari 1 631.<ref name="citypop" /> Abaturage bose batuye mu cyaro.<ref name="citypop" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Kamonyi}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Kamonyi|Kayenzi]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Kayenzi]] f0wgwpav984rynaf1zkmxr4aa1ybku8 0 19963 148684 143786 2026-11-03T13:07:32Z Score Beethoven 11559 148684 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox umurenge}} '''Umurenge wa Nyamirama''' ni umwe mu mirenge 12 igize [[Akarere ka Kayonza]], mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba|Ntara y’Iburasirazuba]] y’u [[Rwanda]]. Ugizwe n’utugari 4. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, Umurenge wa Nyamirama wari utuwe n’abaturage 38 562. Abenshi muri bo batuye mu cyaro. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → [[Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Uturere]] → Imirenge → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Aho uherereye == Umurenge wa Nyamirama uhana imbibi n’imirenge ya [[Umurenge wa Mukarange|Mukarange]], [[Umurenge wa Mwiri|Mwiri]], [[Umurenge wa Rwinkwavu|Rwinkwavu]], [[Umurenge wa Kabarondo|Kabarondo]] na Ruramira. Iyo mirenge iri mu Karere ka Kayonza. Uhana kandi imbibi n’Umurenge wa Muhazi wo mu [[Akarere ka Rwamagana]]. Uri ku butumburuke bwa metero 1 600 hafi.<ref name="geonames">{{Cite web |url=https://www.geonames.org/11186862/nyamirama.html |title=Nyamirama |website=GeoNames |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> == Utugari == Akarere ka Kayonza kagizwe n’imirenge 12, utugari 50 n’imidugudu 421.<ref name="menya">{{Cite web |url=https://www.kayonza.gov.rw/about/menya-akarere |title=Menya Akarere |website=kayonza.gov.rw |language=rw |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241221122045/https://www.kayonza.gov.rw/about/menya-akarere |archive-date=2024-12-21 |url-status=dead |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Umurenge wa Nyamirama ugizwe n’[[Akagari|utugari]] 4:<ref name="geonames"/> {{div col|colwidth=15em}} * Gikaya * Musumba * Rurambi * Shyogo {{div col end}} == Abaturage == Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2012, Umurenge wa Nyamirama wari utuwe n’abaturage 30 528. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, wari utuwe n’abaturage 38 562.<ref name="cp">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/kayonza/5409__nyamirama/ |title=Nyamirama (Sector, Rwanda) – Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Abagabo bari 18 342. Abagore bari 20 220. Abaturage 37 787 bari batuye mu cyaro. Abaturage 775 bari batuye mu mujyi. Abari munsi y’imyaka 15 bari 15 207. Abafite hagati y’imyaka 15 na 64 bari 21 679. Abafite imyaka 65 cyangwa irenga bari 1 676.<ref name="cp"/> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Reba kandi == === Ingingo zijyanye === * [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyamirama]] === Ihuza ryo hanze === * [[commons:Category:Nyamirama Sector|Amafoto y’Umurenge wa Nyamirama]] kuri Wikimedia Commons {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Kayonza}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Kayonza|Nyamirama]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Nyamirama]] 8eyiq4j35f1e6kok2flwk6lbqy969yu 0 19967 148630 147932 2026-11-03T13:05:11Z Score Beethoven 11559 148630 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox umurenge}} [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → [[Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Uturere]] → Imirenge → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == UMURENGE WA KIGARAMA ni imwe mu mirenge igize Akarere ka Kicukiro mu Mujyi wa Kigali, mu Rwanda<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://umuseke.rw/2024/06/kicukiro-umurenge-wa-kigarama-wahize-gukomeza-gusigasira-ibyagezweho/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2025-04-02 |archive-date=2024-06-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240624192948/https://umuseke.rw/2024/06/kicukiro-umurenge-wa-kigarama-wahize-gukomeza-gusigasira-ibyagezweho/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Kigarama iri mu bice by'iburasirazuba bwa Kigali, ikaba igizwe n'imidugudu itandukanye. Ni ahantu haturanye n'imirenge nka Niboye, Gikondo, na Kabuye. Kigarama ni umurenge wateye imbere mu bijyanye n'ubucuruzi, ibikorwa by'ubuhinzi n'ubworozi, ndetse n'ibikorwa remezo nka amazi, amashanyarazi n'ibikorwa by'uburezi. Uyu murenge kandi urafite ibikorwa byinshi by'iterambere ku rwego rw'umujyi wa Kigali. Hari byinshi byagiye bikorwa muri Kigarama, harimo imihanda mishya, amahugurwa atandukanye ku baturage ndetse n'ibikorwa by'ubwuzuzanye mu bice bitandukanye by'ubuzima. Mu Murenge wa Kigarama, hari ibikorwa remezo byinshi byateye imbere mu myaka yashize, bigamije guteza imbere imibereho myiza y'abaturage ndetse no kubafasha kugira ubuzima bwiza. Bimwe muri ibyo bikorwa remezo birimo:<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://umuseke.rw/2024/06/kicukiro-umurenge-wa-kigarama-wahize-gukomeza-gusigasira-ibyagezweho/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2025-04-02 |archive-date=2024-06-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240624192948/https://umuseke.rw/2024/06/kicukiro-umurenge-wa-kigarama-wahize-gukomeza-gusigasira-ibyagezweho/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> # '''Imihanda n'ubwikorezi''': #* Kigarama ifite imihanda myiza isukuye, imwe ikaba yari yaratewe imbere cyane mu buryo bwo kubaka no kongera ubushobozi bw’imihanda, bikaba byorohereza abatuye muri uyu murenge kugenda neza. #* Hari kandi gahunda yo kubaka no kunoza ibikorwaremezo by’imihanda, harimo no gukora imihanda y’ibyuma, ibikorwa bihamye mu gufasha abagenzi bava cyangwa bajya muri Kigarama. # '''Amazi n'amashanyarazi''': #* Kigarama ifite gahunda yo kugeza amazi meza ku baturage benshi, aho imishinga itandukanye yo kuyageza mu baturage yatangiye gutanga umusaruro.[[Dosiye:AMAZI INGABO ZA RUGANZU ZANYOYEHO 2.jpg|center|thumb|388x388px|AMAZI Y'AMASOKO]] #* Mu bijyanye n'amashanyarazi, umurenge wa Kigarama nawo warageze ku baturage benshi, hakaba ibikorwa byo kugera ku ntego yo kugira amashanyarazi mu ngo zose, mu rwego rwo guteza imbere imibereho myiza.[[Dosiye:RusumoFalls1.jpg|center|thumb|379x379px|URUGOMERO RW'AMASHANYARAZI]] # '''Uburezi''': #* Hari amashuri y'incuke, abanza, ayisumbuye ndetse n'amashuri y'ubumenyingiro (TVET), biri mu murenge wa Kigarama. Ibi bikorwa bituma abana b'abaturage bo muri Kigarama babona amahirwe yo kwiga.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/uburezi/amashuri/</ref>[[Dosiye:Gukosora abanyeshuri.jpg|center|thumb|358x358px|UBUREZI MU M'UMASHURI]]Gahunda y'amashuri y'ubumenyi n'ikoranabuhanga nayo igenda iteza imbere uru rwego, binyuze mu gushyiraho ibigo bishya by'uburezi.[[Dosiye:School Environment.jpg|center|thumb|350x350px|AMASHURI]] # '''Ubuvuzi''': #* Mu rwego rw’ubuzima, Kigarama ifite ibigo nderabuzima bibiri byagiye bikorwa muri uyu murenge. Ibi bitanga serivisi z’ubuvuzi ku baturage, bigatuma abaturiye Kigarama babona ubuvuzi bw’ibanze hafi yabo.<ref>https://help.unhcr.org/rwanda/rw/services/health-services/</ref> Hari kandi ibikorwa by’ubuzima bigamije kwigisha abaturage uburyo bwo kwirinda indwara no kubafasha kugera ku buvuzi bwiza.[[Dosiye:Gikondo health center.jpg|center|thumb|378x378px|INYUBAKO ZI KORWAMO UBUVUZI]] # '''Imishinga y'iterambere''': #* Kigarama ifite ibikorwa byinshi by’iterambere mu rwego rw’ubuhinzi n'ubworozi, ahanini bigamije gufasha abaturage mu kubona ibiribwa bihagije no guteza imbere ubukungu bwabo.<ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/imishinga-y-iterambere-y-u-bubiligi-u-rwanda-rwahagaritse-yari-ifite-agacero-k</ref>[[Dosiye:Ubuhinzi bw'ibishyimbo.jpg|left|thumb|UBUHINZI]] #* [[Dosiye:Poultry Farm in Namakkal, Tamil Nadu.jpg|center|thumb|UBWOROZI]]Hari ibikorwa by'ubucuruzi, aho abaturage benshi batuye muri Kigarama bashobora gukorera mu masoko cyangwa guhanga imishinga itandukanye ifasha mu iterambere ry'ubukungu bw'umurenge.[[Dosiye:Ubucuruzi bw'ibiribwa.jpg|center|thumb|UBUCURUZI]] # '''Ikoranabuhanga''': #* Kigarama irimo gutera intambwe mu gukoresha ikoranabuhanga mu buzima bwa buri munsi. Hari ibikorwa byo guteza imbere ibikorwa byo guhanahana amakuru, kubaka ibigo by'ikoranabuhanga, no gukoresha ikoranabuhanga mu bucuruzi, uburezi, ndetse no mu buvuzi.<ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/topics/cnq68qdw70zt</ref>[[Dosiye:Opening the new surgical ward at the Laniado hospital (FL45842507).jpg|center|thumb|IKORANA BUHANGA MU BUVUZI]] == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} cpzo030r37qlm23fnvbrma39fa0q2y4 0 19968 148714 143975 2026-11-03T13:08:46Z Score Beethoven 11559 148714 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox umurenge}} '''Umurenge wa Rwinkwavu''' ni umwe mu [[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|mirenge]] igize [[Akarere ka Kayonza]], mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba|Ntara y'Iburasirazuba]] y'u [[Rwanda]]. Mu 2022, uyu murenge wari utuwe n'abaturage 36 774. Uzwiho ubucukuzi bwa [[Gasegereti|gasegereti]]. Ibitaro by'Akarere bya Rwinkwavu biri muri uyu murenge. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → [[Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Uturere]] → Imirenge → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Imiterere == [[Dosiye:Rwandan boy on bicycle (Rwinkwavu, Feb. 2020).jpg|thumb|left|Umwana ku igare i Rwinkwavu (2020)]] Umurenge wa Rwinkwavu ufite ubuso bwa km² 92,32.<ref name="cp">{{Cite web |url=https://citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/kayonza/5412__rwinkwavu/ |title=Rwinkwavu (Sector, Rwanda) – Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Uri ku butumburuke bwa metero 1 425 ugereranyije.<ref name="geonames">{{Cite web |url=https://www.geonames.org/11186525/rwinkwavu.html |title=Rwinkwavu |website=GeoNames |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Umurenge ugizwe n'utugari tune: Gihinga, Mbarara, Mukoyoyo na Nkondo. Uhana imbibi n'[[Umurenge wa Mwiri]] mu majyaruguru. Uhana imbibi n'[[Umurenge wa Kabare]] mu burasirazuba. Uhana imbibi n'[[Umurenge wa Murama]] mu majyepfo. Uhana imbibi n'[[Umurenge wa Kabarondo]] mu majyepfo y'uburengerazuba. Uhana imbibi n'[[Umurenge wa Nyamirama]] mu burengerazuba. == Abaturage == Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, Umurenge wa Rwinkwavu wari ufite abaturage 36 774. Abagabo bari 17 822. Abagore bari 18 952. Mu 2012, abaturage bari 28 225. Hagati ya 2012 na 2022, abaturage biyongereye ku kigero cya 2,7 % buri mwaka. Mu 2022, ubucucike bwari abantu 398 kuri km². Abaturage bose batuye mu cyaro.<ref name="cp"/> == Ubukungu == Umurenge wa Rwinkwavu uzwiho ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro. Hacukurwa [[Gasegereti|gasegereti]]. Ibirombe bya gasegereti biri ku buso bwa hegitari zirenga 2 000. Ibyo birombe biri mu mirenge ya Rwinkwavu, Rukara na Mwiri. Bikoresha abakozi barenga 800. Ubucukuzi butemewe n'amategeko ni ikibazo muri aka gace.<ref name="skillings">{{Cite web |url=https://www.skillings.net/?p=48822 |title=Illegal Miners Plague Rwanda Cassiterite Trade |website=Skillings Mining Review |date=2023-11-11 |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> == Ubuvuzi == Ibitaro by'Akarere bya Rwinkwavu biri muri uyu murenge. Umuryango Partners In Health ukorera mu Rwanda kuva mu 2005. Mu Rwanda, uwo muryango witwa Inshuti Mu Buzima. Ufasha Ibitaro by'Akarere bya Rwinkwavu.<ref name="pih">{{Cite web |url=https://www.pih.org/country/rwanda |title=Rwanda |website=Partners In Health |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Mu 2005, aka gace kari gafite ikigo nderabuzima kimwe gusa. Nta muganga wari uhari.<ref name="pih2015">{{Cite web |url=https://www.pih.org/article/rwandan-staff-reflect-on-ten-years-of-service |title=10 Years in Rwanda: Leaders Reflect |website=Partners In Health |date=2015-08-27 |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> == Ubwikorezi == Umuhanda w'igihugu NR25 unyura mu gice cy'iburasirazuba cy'umurenge. Umuhanda w'akarere uwuvaho ugana mu majyepfo y'uburengerazuba.<ref name="rtda">{{Cite web |title=Classified Road Network Map 2022 |url=https://www.rtda.gov.rw/fileadmin/_migrated/content_uploads/Road_network_map/2022/Classified_Road_Network_Ao_Map_2022.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240105160045/https://www.rtda.gov.rw/fileadmin/_migrated/content_uploads/Road_network_map/2022/Classified_Road_Network_Ao_Map_2022.pdf |archive-date=2024-01-05 |access-date=2024-10-06 |website=rtda.gov.rw |publisher=Rwanda Transport Development Agency |language=en |format=PDF}}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Rwinkwavu Sector|Amafoto y'Umurenge wa Rwinkwavu]] kuri Wikimedia Commons {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Kayonza}} [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Rwinkwavu]] [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Kayonza|Rwinkwavu]] ijfp9jg5iwg88cjcebpht4v6guliv2m 0 20080 148650 143753 2026-11-03T13:06:00Z Score Beethoven 11559 148650 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox umurenge}} '''Mugesera''' ni umwe mu [[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|mirenge]] 14 igize [[Akarere ka Ngoma]], mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]] bw’u [[Rwanda]]. Uyu murenge uri ku nkombe y’[[Ikiyaga cya Mugesera]]. Mu 2022, Umurenge wa Mugesera wari utuwe n’abaturage 28 637. Abaturage bose babaga mu cyaro. Muri uyu murenge hahingwa [[inanasi]] nyinshi. Mu 2021, hubakwaga uruganda rutunganya inanasi. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → [[Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Uturere]] → Imirenge → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Ubumenyi bw’isi == Umurenge wa Mugesera uri mu Karere ka Ngoma. Akarere ka Ngoma gafite imirenge 14.<ref name="citypop-ngoma">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/56__ngoma/ |title=Ngoma (District, Rwanda) – Sectors |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Umurenge wa Mugesera uri ku nkombe y’Ikiyaga cya Mugesera. Ni agace kagira imvura nke.<ref name="newtimes">{{Cite news |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/153355/News/mugesera-sector-residents-build-village-offices-worth-rwf5m/amp |title=Mugesera Sector residents build village offices worth Rwf5m |author=Kelly Rwamapera |work=The New Times |date=2018-06-02 |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> == Abaturage == Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2012, Umurenge wa Mugesera wari utuwe n’abaturage 25 716. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, abaturage bari 28 637. Muri bo, abagabo bari 13 624. Abagore bari 15 013. Abana bari munsi y’imyaka 15 bari 10 725. Abaturage bose babaga mu cyaro.<ref name="citypop">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/ngoma/5606__mugesera/ |title=Mugesera (Sector, Rwanda) – Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref><ref name="citypop-ngoma" /> == Ubukungu == Mu Karere ka Ngoma, inanasi zihingwa ku buso burenga hegitari 4 000. Zihingwa cyane mu mirenge ya Zaza, Sake na Mugesera. Mu Murenge wa Mugesera, inanasi zihingwa ku buso burenga hegitari 2 500. Koperative y’abahinzi b’inanasi ya Mugesera (KOABANAMU) yari ifite abanyamuryango barenga 90.<ref name="topafrica">{{Cite web |url=https://www.topafricanews.com/2021/01/12/ngoma-pineapple-factory-collapse-while-operations-start-set-for-august-2021/ |title=Ngoma: Pineapple factory collapse while operations start set for August 2021 |website=Top Africa News |date=2021-01-12 |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Mu 2021, ikigo 1000 Hills Products Rwanda cyubakaga uruganda rutunganya inanasi mu Murenge wa Mugesera. Ku itariki ya 10 Mutarama 2021, imvura nyinshi yasenye igice cy’urwo ruganda. Uruganda rwari ruteganyijwe gutangira kwakira inanasi muri Kanama 2021.<ref name="topafrica" /> == Imiyoborere == Umurenge wa Mugesera washimiwe uko wakoze [[umuganda]] mu mwaka wa 2015–2016. Wanashimiwe kubaka inyubako izakoreramo polisi.<ref name="ngoma">{{Cite web |url=https://www.ngoma.gov.rw/soma-ibindi/mu-muganda-wukwezi-umurenge-wa-mugesera-warashimiwe |title=Mu muganda w’ukwezi, Umurenge wa Mugesera warashimiwe |website=Akarere ka Ngoma |language=rw |access-date=2025-05-07 |archive-date=2025-05-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250507150007/https://www.ngoma.gov.rw/soma-ibindi/mu-muganda-wukwezi-umurenge-wa-mugesera-warashimiwe |url-status=dead}}</ref> Mu ntangiriro za 2018, abaturage batangiye kubakira imidugudu yabo ibiro. Muri Kamena 2018, imidugudu irindwi yari yararangije kubaka ibiro byayo. Ibindi biro 28 byari bikiri kubakwa. Ibiro bimwe byatwaraga hagati ya miliyoni 3 na miliyoni 5 z’[[Amafaranga y'u Rwanda|amafaranga y’u Rwanda]].<ref name="newtimes" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Ngoma}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Ngoma|Mugesera]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Mugesera]] 06yq4ypy7c5dtzsckctca0bnwqnfmj0 0 20094 148640 143856 2026-11-03T13:05:33Z Score Beethoven 11559 148640 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox umurenge}} '''Umurenge wa Kivuye''' ni umwe mu [[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|mirenge]] 17 igize [[Akarere ka Burera]], mu [[Intara y’Amajyaruguru y’u Rwanda|Ntara y'Amajyaruguru]] y’u [[Rwanda]]. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, Umurenge wa Kivuye wari utuwe n'abaturage 18 057. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → [[Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Uturere]] → Imirenge → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Abaturage == [[Dosiye:Burera District.png|thumb|left|Ikarita y'Akarere ka Burera]] Akarere ka Burera kagizwe n'imirenge 17. Umurenge wa Kivuye ni umwe muri yo.<ref name="akarere">{{Cite web |url=https://www.burera.gov.rw/en/district/district-overview |title=District overview |website=burera.gov.rw |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2012, Umurenge wa Kivuye wari utuwe n'abaturage 15 448. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, wari utuwe n'abaturage 18 057. Abagabo bari 8 609. Abagore bari 9 448.<ref name="citypop">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/burera/4411__kivuye/ |title=Kivuye (Sector, Rwanda) – Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Abaturage 1 580 batuye mu mujyi. Abaturage 16 477 batuye mu cyaro.<ref name="citypop" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Burera}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Burera|Kivuye]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Kivuye]] 6w4rpvtbih1da5uldy7i71w93zhyfjf 0 20096 148603 143801 2026-11-03T13:04:13Z Score Beethoven 11559 148603 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox umurenge}} '''Umurenge wa Gatunda''' ni umwe mu mirenge 14 igize [[Akarere ka Nyagatare]], mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba|Ntara y'Iburasirazuba]] y'u [[Rwanda]]. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, Umurenge wa Gatunda wari utuwe n'abaturage 35 310. Ibitaro bya Gatunda byagenewe abaturage b'uyu murenge n'abo mu yindi mirenge ine. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → [[Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Uturere]] → Imirenge → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Imiterere == [[Dosiye:Rwanda, Nyagatare District.png|thumb|left|Ikarita y'Akarere ka Nyagatare]] Umurenge wa Gatunda ni umwe mu mirenge 14 y'Akarere ka Nyagatare.<ref name="menya">{{Cite web |url=https://www.nyagatare.gov.rw/akarere/menya-akarere |title=Menya Akarere |website=nyagatare.gov.rw |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Umurenge wa Gatunda wose ni icyaro.<ref name="cp">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/nyagatare/5201__gatunda/ |title=Gatunda (Sector, Rwanda) – Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> == Abaturage == Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2012, Umurenge wa Gatunda wari utuwe n'abaturage 27 776.<ref name="nisr">{{Cite report |title=Fourth Population and Housing Census, Rwanda, 2012. District Profile: Nyagatare |url=https://statistics.gov.rw/sites/default/files/2025-06/RPHC4%20-%20District%20Profile%20-%20NYAGATARE%20DISTRICT%20-%2026-January%20-%202015.pdf |publisher=National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda |date=January 2015 |language=en}}</ref> Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, wari utuwe n'abaturage 35 310.<ref name="cp"/> Muri bo, abagabo bari 16 767, abagore bari 18 543.<ref name="cp"/> == Ubuvuzi == Ibitaro bya Gatunda biri mu Karere ka Nyagatare. Kubaka ibi bitaro byatwaye amafaranga y'u Rwanda agera kuri miliyari 4. Ibitaro bya Gatunda byagenewe guha serivisi abaturage bagera ku 400 000. Abo baturage ni abo mu mirenge ya Gatunda, Kiyombe, Karama, [[Umurenge wa Mimuri|Mimuri]] na Mukama.<ref name="nt">{{Cite news |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/172993/News/nyagatare-to-get-new-hospital |title=Nyagatare to get new hospital |last=Nsabimana |first=Jean de Dieu |work=The New Times |date=2020-01-18 |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Gatunda Sector|Amafoto y'Umurenge wa Gatunda]] kuri Wikimedia Commons {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Nyagatare}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Nyagatare]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Gatunda]] arjiid48x2vaygmuzy5yyhlghm6op12 0 20104 148587 143866 2026-11-03T13:03:31Z Score Beethoven 11559 148587 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox umurenge}} '''Umurenge wa Butaro''' ni umwe mu [[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|mirenge]] 17 igize [[Akarere ka Burera]], mu [[Intara y’Amajyaruguru y’u Rwanda|Ntara y'Amajyaruguru]] y’u [[Rwanda]]. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, Umurenge wa Butaro wari utuwe n'abaturage 38 013. Muri uyu murenge hari [[Ibitaro bya Butaro]], birimo ikigo cyo kuvura [[kanseri]]. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → [[Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Uturere]] → Imirenge → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Abaturage == [[Dosiye:Burera District.png|thumb|left|Ikarita y'Akarere ka Burera]] Akarere ka Burera kagizwe n'imirenge 17. Umurenge wa Butaro ni umwe muri yo.<ref name="akarere">{{Cite web |url=https://www.burera.gov.rw/en/district/district-overview |title=District overview |website=burera.gov.rw |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2012, Umurenge wa Butaro wari utuwe n'abaturage 31 520. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, wari utuwe n'abaturage 38 013. Abagabo bari 18 352. Abagore bari 19 661.<ref name="citypop">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/burera/4402__butaro/ |title=Butaro (Sector, Rwanda) – Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Abaturage 5 880 batuye mu mujyi. Abaturage 32 133 batuye mu cyaro.<ref name="citypop" /> == Ibigo by'ingenzi == [[Ibitaro bya Butaro]] biri i Butaro, mu Karere ka Burera. Byafunguwe ku wa 24 Mutarama 2011. Bifite ibitanda 150.<ref name="pih">{{Cite web |url=https://www.pih.org/pages/butaro-hospital |title=Butaro Hospital |website=Partners In Health |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Ku wa 18 Nyakanga 2012, ikigo cyo kuvura [[kanseri]] cyafunguwe muri ibi bitaro. Cyitwa ''Butaro Cancer Center of Excellence''.<ref name="pihcancer">{{Cite web |url=https://pih.org/press/first-national-cancer-referral-center-in-rural-east-africa-opens-in-rw |title=First National Cancer Referral Center in Rural East Africa Opens in Rwanda on July 18, 2012 |website=Partners In Health |date=2012-07-17 |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Butaro Sector|Amafoto y’Umurenge wa Butaro]] kuri Wikimedia Commons {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Burera}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Burera|Butaro]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Butaro]] cc37b0x2yccu46uj3jqyeifkuu5qu00 0 20142 148673 143821 2026-11-03T13:07:03Z Score Beethoven 11559 148673 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox umurenge|qid=Q7022579}} [[Dosiye:LL-Q33573 (kin)-Adeline07-Ngororero.wav|thumb|Uko izina Ngororero rivugwa.]] '''Umurenge wa Ngororero''' ni umwe mu [[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|mirenge]] 13 igize [[Akarere ka Ngororero]], mu [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba]] bw’u [[Rwanda]]. Ugizwe n’utugari dutandatu. Mu 2022, Umurenge wa Ngororero wari utuwe n’abaturage 38.823. Ni wo murenge ufite abaturage benshi mu Karere ka Ngororero. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → [[Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Uturere]] → Imirenge → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Ubumenyi bw’isi == Umurenge wa Ngororero uherereye mu burasirazuba bw’Akarere ka Ngororero.<ref name="ikarita">{{Cite web |url=https://www.ngororero.gov.rw/index.php?eID=dumpFile&f=21943&t=f&token=75b4a66b55db52006881b56cfee7ea9bafc67339 |title=Ngororero District Map |website=Akarere ka Ngororero |format=PDF |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Ufite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 58,50.<ref name="citypopulation">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/ngororero/3511__ngororero/ |title=Ngororero (Sector, Rwanda) |website=City Population |publisher=Thomas Brinkhoff |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Mu majyaruguru, Umurenge wa Ngororero uhana imbibi n’Umurenge wa Matyazo. Mu burengerazuba, uhana imbibi n’Umurenge wa Hindiro n’[[Umurenge wa Kageyo]]. Mu majyepfo, uhana imbibi n’Umurenge wa Muhororo.<ref name="ikarita" /> == Imiterere y’ubuyobozi == Umurenge wa Ngororero ugizwe n’utugari dutandatu:<ref name="ikarita" /> * Kaseke * Kazabe * Mugano * Nyange * Rususa * Torero Akarere ka Ngororero kagizwe n’imirenge 13, utugari 73 n’imidugudu 419.<ref name="akarere">{{Cite web |url=https://www.ngororero.gov.rw/ |title=Akarere ka Ngororero |website=Akarere ka Ngororero |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> == Abaturage == Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2012, Umurenge wa Ngororero wari utuwe n’abaturage 34.559. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, abaturage bari 38.823. Muri bo, abagore bari 20.569, abagabo bari 18.254.<ref name="citypopulation" /> Mu 2022, abaturage 9.106 babaga mu mujyi. Abandi 29.717 babaga mu cyaro. Ubucucike bwari abaturage 663,6 kuri kilometero kare.<ref name="citypopulation" /> Mu mirenge 13 y’Akarere ka Ngororero, Umurenge wa Ngororero ni wo wari ufite abaturage benshi mu 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/35__ngororero/ |title=Ngororero (District, Rwanda) – Sectors |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> == Ubwikorezi == Umuhanda Muhanga–Ngororero–Mukamira unyura mu Murenge wa Ngororero.<ref name="ikarita" /> Icyicaro cy’Akarere ka Ngororero kiri kuri uwo muhanda. Kiri ku birometero 46,6 uvuye i Muhanga. Kiri no ku birometero 60 uvuye i Mukamira.<ref name="menya">{{Cite web |url=https://www.ngororero.gov.rw/akarere/menya-akarere |title=Menya Akarere |website=Akarere ka Ngororero |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Ngororero}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Ngororero|Ngororero]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Ngororero]] 4v83dve2v6p19hc5g8jp4lkxpgdiupe 0 20156 148619 143722 2026-11-03T13:04:46Z Score Beethoven 11559 148619 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox umurenge}} '''Umurenge wa Kamabuye''' ni umwe mu mirenge 15 igize [[Akarere ka Bugesera]], mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba|Ntara y'Iburasirazuba]], mu [[Rwanda]]. Ufite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 101,8. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, Umurenge wa Kamabuye wari utuwe n'abaturage 24 502. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → [[Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Uturere]] → Imirenge → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Aho uherereye == [[Dosiye:Bugesera District.png|thumb|left|Ikarita y'Akarere ka Bugesera]] Akarere ka Bugesera kari mu Ntara y'Iburasirazuba. Kagizwe n'imirenge 15.<ref name="bugesera">{{Cite web |url=https://www.bugesera.gov.rw/about/menya-akarere |title=Menya Akarere ka Bugesera |website=bugesera.gov.rw |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Umurenge wa Kamabuye ni umwe muri iyo mirenge.<ref name="citypopd">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/57__bugesera/ |title=Bugesera (District, Rwanda) – Sectors |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Umurenge wa Kamabuye ufite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 101,8.<ref name="citypop">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/bugesera/5703__kamabuye/ |title=Kamabuye (Sector, Rwanda) – Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> == Abaturage == Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2012, Umurenge wa Kamabuye wari utuwe n'abaturage 20 843. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, wari utuwe n'abaturage 24 502.<ref name="citypop" /> Abagore bari 12 542. Abagabo bari 11 960. Ubucucike bwari abaturage 240,6 kuri kilometero kare.<ref name="citypop" /> {| class="wikitable" |+ Abaturage hakurikijwe imyaka (2022)<ref name="citypop" /> ! Imyaka !! Umubare |- | 0–14 || 10 155 |- | 15–64 || 13 115 |- | 65+ || 1 232 |} == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Bugesera}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Bugesera]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Kamabuye]] b5g06ql96wq3s887wrp21izbq2oaq7l 0 20157 148621 143830 2026-11-03T13:04:51Z Score Beethoven 11559 148621 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox umurenge}} '''Umurenge wa Kanama''' ni umwe mu mirenge 12 igize [[Akarere ka Rubavu]], mu [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba]], mu [[Rwanda]]. Ufite ubuso bwa km² 42,91. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, Umurenge wa Kanama wari utuwe n'abaturage 37 584. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → [[Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Uturere]] → Imirenge → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Aho uherereye == [[Dosiye:Rwanda, Rubavu District.png|thumb|left|Ikarita y'Akarere ka Rubavu]] Umurenge wa Kanama ni umwe mu mirenge 12 y'Akarere ka Rubavu.<ref name="rubavu">{{Cite web |url=https://rubavu.gov.rw/en/district/about-the-district |title=About the District |website=rubavu.gov.rw |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Ufite ubuso bwa km² 42,91.<ref name="citypop">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/rubavu/3305__kanama/ |title=Kanama (Sector, Rwanda) – Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> == Amateka == Kera, Kanama yari komini yo muri Perefegitura ya Gisenyi. Isoko rya Mahoko ryari muri iyo komini.<ref name="fao">{{Cite web |url=https://www.fao.org/4/ad183f/AD183F09.htm |title=Préfecture de Gisenyi |website=FAO |language=fr |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> == Abaturage == Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2012, Umurenge wa Kanama wari utuwe n'abaturage 29 220. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, wari utuwe n'abaturage 37 584.<ref name="citypop"/> Mu 2022, abagore bari 19 846, naho abagabo bari 17 738. Abaturage 16 488 babaga mu mujyi. Abandi 21 096 babaga mu cyaro. Ubucucike bwari abaturage 876 kuri km² 1.<ref name="citypop"/> Abana bari munsi y'imyaka 15 bari 16 045. Abari hagati y'imyaka 15 na 64 bari 20 474. Abarengeje imyaka 64 bari 1 065.<ref name="citypop"/> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Kanama Sector|Amafoto y'Umurenge wa Kanama]] kuri Wikimedia Commons {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Rubavu}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Rubavu]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Kanama]] p33h7p7otxz82dmn7cv2hcjzdp71am4 0 20159 148646 143805 2026-11-03T13:05:50Z Score Beethoven 11559 148646 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox umurenge}} '''Umurenge wa Mpanga''' ni umwe mu [[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|mirenge]] 12 igize [[Akarere ka Kirehe]], mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba|Ntara y'Iburasirazuba]] y’u [[Rwanda]]. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, Umurenge wa Mpanga wari utuwe n’abaturage 40 173. Uri ku mupaka wa [[Tanzaniya]]. Ufite ibiyaga bibiri n’[[Ishyamba rya Ibanda-Makera|ishyamba kimeza rya Ibanda-Makera]]. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → [[Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Uturere]] → Imirenge → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Ubumenyi bw’isi == [[Dosiye:Ibanda-Makera,a natural forest connected to River Akagera.jpg|thumb|left|upright=1.1|Ishyamba rya Ibanda-Makera]] Umurenge wa Mpanga ufite ubuso bwa km² 248,6.<ref name="cp">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/kirehe/5507__mpanga/ |title=Mpanga (Sector, Rwanda) – Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Ugizwe n’utugari turindwi: Bwiyorere, Kankobwa, Mpanga, Mushongi, Nasho, Nyakabungo na Rubaya.<ref name="nisr">{{Cite web |url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kirehe_district_map.jpg |title=Kirehe District (ikarita) |publisher=National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda |date=2017-10-16 |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Uhana imbibi n’[[Akarere ka Kayonza]] mu majyaruguru. Uhana imbibi n’Umurenge wa Nasho mu burengerazuba. Uhana imbibi n’Umurenge wa Nyarubuye n’Umurenge wa Mahama mu majyepfo. Uhana imbibi na [[Tanzaniya]] mu burasirazuba. Uwo mupaka ni [[Umugezi wa Kagera|umugezi w’Akagera]]. Mu murenge hari ibiyaga bya Cyambwe na Rwampanga.<ref name="nisr"/> Ishyamba kimeza rya Ibanda-Makera riri mu Kagari ka Nasho. Rifite ubuso bwa hegitari 169.<ref name="igihe">{{Cite web |url=https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/kirehe-ishyamba-rya-ibanda-makera-rigiye-kugirwa-icyanya-cy-ubukerarugendo |title=Kirehe: Ishyamba rya Ibanda-Makera rigiye kugirwa icyanya cy'ubukerarugendo |website=IGIHE |date=2020-11-17 |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> == Abaturage == Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2012, Umurenge wa Mpanga wari utuwe n’abaturage 31 771. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, wari utuwe n’abaturage 40 173. Abagabo bari 19 480. Abagore bari 20 693. Abaturage bose batuye mu cyaro.<ref name="cp"/> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Mpanga Sector|Amafoto y’Umurenge wa Mpanga]] kuri Wikimedia Commons {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Kirehe}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Kirehe|Mpanga]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Mpanga]] muog9eue4i7r9jmzymeofvyyb95ur3h 0 20169 148584 143825 2026-11-03T13:03:22Z Score Beethoven 11559 148584 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox umurenge|qid=Q21325385}} '''Umurenge wa Busasamana''' ni umwe mu mirenge 12 igize [[Akarere ka Rubavu]], mu [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba]], mu [[Rwanda]]. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, Umurenge wa Busasamana wari utuwe n'abaturage 40 542. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → [[Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Uturere]] → Imirenge → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Imiterere y’ubuyobozi == [[Dosiye:Rwanda, Rubavu District.png|thumb|left|Ikarita y'Akarere ka Rubavu]] Umurenge wa Busasamana ni umwe mu [[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|mirenge]] 12 y'Akarere ka Rubavu.<ref name="rubavu">{{Cite web |url=https://www.rubavu.gov.rw/en/district/about-the-district |title=About the District |website=rubavu.gov.rw |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> == Abaturage == [[Dosiye:LL-Q33573 (kin)-IRAKOZE Anastase-Busasamana.wav|thumb|Uko izina Busasamana rivugwa.]] Umurenge wa Busasamana ufite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 35,15. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2012, wari utuwe n'abaturage 31 253. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, wari utuwe n'abaturage 40 542: abagore 21 143 n'abagabo 19 399. Ubucucike bwari abantu 1 153 kuri kilometero kare.<ref name="citypop">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/rubavu/3302__busasamana/ |title=Busasamana (Sector, Rwanda) |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Mu 2022, abaturage 17 379 bari bafite imyaka iri munsi ya 15. Abaturage 21 831 bari bafite imyaka iri hagati ya 15 na 64. Abaturage 1 332 bari bafite imyaka 65 cyangwa irenga.<ref name="citypop"/> Abaturage 36 007 (88,8 %) bari batuye mu cyaro. Abaturage 4 535 (11,2 %) bari batuye mu mujyi.<ref name="citypop"/> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Rubavu}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Rubavu|Busasamana]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Busasamana]] 7nmwjtos1h3hjw2rvuhivstc2ftolb1 0 20170 148644 143748 2026-11-03T13:05:45Z Score Beethoven 11559 148644 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox umurenge}} '''Umurenge wa Mayange''' ni umwe mu [[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|mirenge]] 15 igize [[Akarere ka Bugesera]], mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba|Ntara y'Iburasirazuba]] y’u [[Rwanda]]. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, Umurenge wa Mayange wari utuwe n’abaturage 54 084. Kuva mu 2005, uyu murenge wakorewemo umushinga witwa ''Millennium Village Project''. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → [[Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Uturere]] → Imirenge → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Ubumenyi bw’isi == [[Dosiye:Mayange.jpg|thumb|left|Umusozi wa Mayange]] Umurenge wa Mayange ufite ubuso bwa km² 146,8.<ref name="cp">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/bugesera/5705__mayange/ |title=Mayange (Sector, Rwanda) – Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Ugizwe n’utugari dutanu: Gakamba, Kagenge, Kibenga, Kibirizi na Mbyo.<ref name="nisr">{{Cite web |url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bugesera_district_map.jpg |title=Bugesera District (ikarita) |publisher=National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda |date=2017-10-16 |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Uhana imbibi n’imirenge ya Nyamata, [[Rilima]], [[Gashora]], Rweru, Ngeruka na Musenyi.<ref name="nisr"/> == Abaturage == Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2012, Umurenge wa Mayange wari utuwe n’abaturage 29 835. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, wari utuwe n’abaturage 54 084. Abagabo bari 27 433. Abagore bari 26 651. Abaturage 35 039 batuye mu mujyi. Abaturage 19 045 batuye mu cyaro.<ref name="cp"/> == Ubukungu == Kuva mu 2000 kugeza mu 2005, imvura yabaye nkeya mu Murenge wa Mayange. Umusaruro w’[[ubuhinzi]] wabaye muke, abaturage bagira inzara.<ref name="nt2013">{{Cite news |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/100379/millennium-village-project-brings-hope-to-bugesera |title=Millennium Village project brings hope to Bugesera |work=The New Times |date=2013-11-18 |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Mu 2005, umushinga ''Millennium Village Project'' watangiye gukorera mu Murenge wa Mayange. Uyu mushinga wigishije abaturage ubuhinzi burambye no kuhira imyaka. Wafashije abaturage gushinga amakoperative 42.<ref name="nt2013"/> Mu 2014, [[Ubuyapani]] bwatanze inkunga ya miliyoni 1,2 z’amadolari y’Amerika. Iyo nkunga yari igenewe amazi meza, isuku, ubuvuzi n’imirire mu Murenge wa Mayange.<ref name="nt2014">{{Cite news |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/105819/National/japan-boosts-mayange-water-healthcare-projects |title=Japan boosts Mayange water, healthcare projects |last=Karuhanga |first=James |work=The New Times |date=2014-04-13 |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Bugesera}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Bugesera|Mayange]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Mayange]] cvwusad0n62y7pjssn0k5w8lcxnwng9 0 20175 148591 143826 2026-11-03T13:03:43Z Score Beethoven 11559 148591 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox umurenge}} '''Umurenge wa Cyanzarwe''' ni umwe mu [[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|mirenge]] 12 igize [[Akarere ka Rubavu]], mu [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba]] y'u [[Rwanda]]. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, Umurenge wa Cyanzarwe wari utuwe n'abaturage 38 977. Abenshi muri bo baba mu cyaro. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → [[Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Uturere]] → Imirenge → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Ubuso n'abaturage == [[Dosiye:Rwanda, Rubavu District.png|thumb|left|Ikarita y'Akarere ka Rubavu]] Umurenge wa Cyanzarwe ufite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 34,8.<ref name="cp" /> Mu 2012, wari utuwe n'abaturage 29 615.<ref name="cp" /> Mu 2022, wari utuwe n'abaturage 38 977.<ref name="nisr" /> Muri bo, abagabo ni 18 662, abagore ni 20 315.<ref name="nisr" /> Abaturage 6 521 baba mu mujyi. Abandi 32 456 baba mu cyaro.<ref name="nisr" /> Ubucucike ni abantu 1 120 kuri kilometero kare.<ref name="cp" /> Mu 2022, abana bari munsi y'imyaka 15 bari 17 700. Abaturage bafite hagati y'imyaka 15 na 64 bari 20 147. Abafite imyaka 65 cyangwa irenga bari 1 130.<ref name="cp" /> {| class="wikitable" |+ Abaturage hakurikijwe ibyiciro by’imyaka mu 2022<ref name="cp" /> ! Icyiciro cy’imyaka ! Umubare w’abaturage |- | Imyaka 0–9 | 12 115 |- | Imyaka 10–19 | 10 232 |- | Imyaka 20–29 | 5 464 |- | Imyaka 30–39 | 4 856 |- | Imyaka 40–49 | 2 926 |- | Imyaka 50–59 | 1 540 |- | Imyaka 60–69 | 1 184 |- | Imyaka 70–79 | 467 |- | Imyaka 80 cyangwa irenga | 193 |} == Inyandiko == {{Reflist|refs= <ref name="cp">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/rubavu/3303__cyanzarwe/ |title=Cyanzarwe (Sector, Rwanda) – Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> <ref name="nisr">{{Cite web |url=https://statistics.gov.rw/sites/default/files/2025-05/Rubavu.pdf |title=Fifth Population and Housing Census, Rwanda, 2022: District Profile, Rubavu |publisher=National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda |year=2023 |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> }} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Rubavu District|Amafoto y'Akarere ka Rubavu]] kuri Wikimedia Commons {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Rubavu}} [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Cyanzarwe]] [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Rubavu|Cyanzarwe]] 3hxbfs3r2ifue17tlk79ujbgw6ffyxr 0 20177 148606 143976 2026-11-03T13:04:20Z Score Beethoven 11559 148606 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox umurenge}} '''Umurenge wa Gisenyi''' ni umwe mu [[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|mirenge]] 12 igize [[Akarere ka Rubavu]]. Uherereye mu [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba]] bw’u [[Rwanda]], ku mupaka na [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]]. Umurenge wa Gisenyi ugizwe n’[[Akagari|utugari]] 7. Mu 2022, wari utuwe n’abaturage 51.594. Abaturage bawo bose batuye mu gice cy’umujyi. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → [[Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Uturere]] → Imirenge → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Ubumenyi bw’isi == [[Dosiye:The streets of Rubavu-Gisenyi.jpg|thumb|left|Umuhanda mu Murenge wa Gisenyi.]] Umurenge wa Gisenyi ufite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 11,25.<ref name="citypop-rubavu">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/33__rubavu/ |title=Rubavu (District, Rwanda) – Sectors |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Uhana imbibi n’[[Umurenge wa Rubavu]], [[Umurenge wa Rugerero]] n’[[Umurenge wa Nyamyumba]]. Uhana kandi imbibi na [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]].<ref name="citypop-rubavu"/> == Imitegekere == Umurenge wa Gisenyi ugizwe n’utugari 7:<ref name="geonames">{{Cite web |url=https://www.geonames.org/11186632/gisenyi.html |title=Gisenyi |website=GeoNames |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> {{div col|colwidth=15em}} * Amahoro * Bugoyi * Kivumu * Mbugangari * Nengo * Rubavu * Umuganda {{div col end}} == Abaturage == [[Dosiye:LL-Q33573 (kin)-IRAKOZE Anastase-Gisenyi.wav|thumb|Uko izina Gisenyi rivugwa.]] Ibarura rusange ry’abaturage ryo mu 2022 ryabaruye abaturage 51.594 mu Murenge wa Gisenyi. Muri bo, abagore ni 26.138, naho abagabo ni 25.456.<ref name="citypop-gisenyi">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/rubavu/3304__gisenyi/ |title=Gisenyi (Sector, Rwanda) – Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Ubucucike bwari abantu 4.587 kuri kilometero kare.<ref name="citypop-rubavu"/> Mu baturage bose, 15.271 bari bafite imyaka iri munsi ya 15. Abandi 34.721 bari bafite imyaka iri hagati ya 15 na 64. Naho 1.602 bari bafite imyaka 65 cyangwa irenga. Abaturage bose bari batuye mu gice cy’umujyi.<ref name="citypop-gisenyi"/> Mu 2012, Umurenge wa Gisenyi wari utuwe n’abaturage 53.603. Umubare w’abaturage wagabanutse hagati ya 2012 na 2022.<ref name="citypop-gisenyi"/> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Gisenyi|Amafoto ya Gisenyi]] kuri Wikimedia Commons {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Rubavu}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Rubavu|Gisenyi]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Gisenyi]] ab6irn27wyd2blrek7b06dcaycs65rh 0 20178 148623 143828 2026-11-03T13:04:55Z Score Beethoven 11559 148623 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox umurenge}} '''Umurenge wa Kanzenze''' ni umwe mu mirenge 12 igize [[Akarere ka Rubavu]], mu [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba]] y'u [[Rwanda]]. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, Umurenge wa Kanzenze wari utuwe n'abaturage 23 127. Ni wo murenge ufite abaturage bake mu Karere ka Rubavu. Abenshi muri bo baba mu mujyi. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → [[Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Uturere]] → Imirenge → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Ubuso n'abaturage == [[Dosiye:LL-Q33573 (kin)-IRAKOZE Anastase-Kanzenze.wav|thumb|left|Uko izina Kanzenze rivugwa]] Umurenge wa Kanzenze ufite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 22,59.<ref name="cp" /> Mu 2012, wari utuwe n'abaturage 21 309.<ref name="cp" /> Mu 2022, wari utuwe n'abaturage 23 127.<ref name="nisr" /> Muri bo, abagabo ni 10 821, abagore ni 12 306.<ref name="nisr" /> Abaturage 18 639 baba mu mujyi. Abandi 4 488 baba mu cyaro.<ref name="nisr" /> Ubucucike ni abantu 1 024 kuri kilometero kare.<ref name="cp" /> Abana bari munsi y'imyaka 15 ni 9 587. Abantu bari hagati y'imyaka 15 na 64 ni 12 700. Abafite imyaka 65 kuzamura ni 840.<ref name="cp" /> Kanzenze ni wo murenge ufite abaturage bake mu mirenge 12 y'Akarere ka Rubavu.<ref name="cpd" /> Uhana imbibi n'[[Umurenge wa Cyanzarwe]], [[Umurenge wa Mudende]] n'[[Umurenge wa Nyakiriba]]. == Amateka == Muri Nzeri 2018, imva rusange y'abazize [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]] yabonetse mu Murenge wa Kanzenze.<ref name="nt" /> Iyo mva yari mu musarane. Yarimo imibiri 8.<ref name="nt" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist|refs= <ref name="cp">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/rubavu/3306__kanzenze/ |title=Kanzenze (Sector, Rwanda) – Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> <ref name="cpd">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/33__rubavu/ |title=Rubavu (District, Rwanda) – Sectors |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> <ref name="nisr">{{Cite web |url=https://www.statistics.gov.rw/sites/default/files/2025-05/Rubavu.pdf |title=The Fifth Rwanda Population and Housing Census, District Profile: Rubavu |publisher=National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda |date=2023 |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> <ref name="nt">{{Cite web |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/159064/News/three-mass-graves-of-genocide-victims-discovered-in-rubavu |title=Three mass graves of Genocide victims discovered in Rubavu |author=Frederic Byumvuhore |website=The New Times |date=2018-09-27 |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> }} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Kanzenze Sector|Amafoto y'Umurenge wa Kanzenze]] kuri Wikimedia Commons {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Rubavu}} [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Kanzenze]] [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Rubavu|Kanzenze]] k6vnxl3a2e77fpbii1nwu77jfv4pkxk 0 20180 148647 143829 2026-11-03T13:05:53Z Score Beethoven 11559 148647 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox umurenge}} [[Dosiye:LL-Q33573 (kin)-IRAKOZE Anastase-Mudende.wav|thumb|Uko izina Mudende rivugwa]] '''Umurenge wa Mudende''' ni umwe mu mirenge 12 igize [[Akarere ka Rubavu]], mu [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba|Ntara y'Iburengerazuba]], mu [[Rwanda]]. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, Umurenge wa Mudende wari utuwe n'abaturage 32 077. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → [[Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Uturere]] → Imirenge → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Imiterere == [[Dosiye:Rwanda, Rubavu District.png|thumb|left|Ikarita y'Akarere ka Rubavu]] Umurenge wa Mudende ni umwe mu mirenge 12 y'Akarere ka Rubavu.<ref name="rubavu">{{Cite web |url=https://rubavu.gov.rw/en/district/about-the-district |title=About the district |website=rubavu.gov.rw |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Ufite ubuso bwa km² 33,1.<ref name="citypop">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/rubavu/3307__mudende/ |title=Mudende (Sector, Rwanda) |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> [[Akagari|Utugari]] twawo turimo Rukeri na Ndoranyi. Ubuhinzi ni bwo bwiganje muri uyu murenge.<ref name="inyarwanda">{{Cite web |url=https://inyarwanda.com/rw/amakuru/rubavu-tembera-umurenge-wubuhinzi-wa-mudende-ugana-ku-ibere-rya-bigogwe-amafoto-40-121803 |title=Rubavu: Tembera Umurenge w'ubuhinzi wa Mudende ugana ku ibere rya Bigogwe |author=Kwizera Jean de Dieu |website=InyaRwanda |date=2022-10-12 |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> == Abaturage == Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2012, Umurenge wa Mudende wari utuwe n'abaturage 26 031. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, wari utuwe n'abaturage 32 077. Abagore bari 16 824, naho abagabo bari 15 253. Abaturage 8 370 babaga mu mujyi, naho 23 707 babaga mu cyaro. Ubucucike bwari abaturage 969 kuri km² imwe.<ref name="citypop"/> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Rubavu}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Rubavu]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Mudende]] 863tdsmkoy1vjh7m5ih6m5dmkthjatb 0 20181 148682 143833 2026-11-03T13:07:27Z Score Beethoven 11559 148682 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox umurenge}} '''Umurenge wa Nyakiriba''' ni umwe mu mirenge 12 igize [[Akarere ka Rubavu]], mu [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba]], mu [[Rwanda]]. Ufite ubuso bwa km² 21,90. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, Umurenge wa Nyakiriba wari utuwe n'abaturage 50 834. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → [[Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Uturere]] → Imirenge → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Aho uherereye == [[Dosiye:Rwanda, Rubavu District.png|thumb|left|Ikarita y'Akarere ka Rubavu]] Umurenge wa Nyakiriba ni umwe mu mirenge 12 y'Akarere ka Rubavu.<ref name="rubavu">{{Cite web |url=https://rubavu.gov.rw/en/district/about-the-district |title=About the District |website=rubavu.gov.rw |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Ufite ubuso bwa km² 21,90.<ref name="citypop">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/rubavu/3308__nyakiriba/ |title=Nyakiriba (Sector, Rwanda) – Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> == Abaturage == Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2012, Umurenge wa Nyakiriba wari utuwe n'abaturage 30 068. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, wari utuwe n'abaturage 50 834.<ref name="citypop"/> Mu 2022, abagabo bari 28 756, naho abagore bari 22 078. Abaturage 24 385 babaga mu mujyi. Abandi 26 449 babaga mu cyaro. Ubucucike bwari abaturage 2 321 kuri km² 1.<ref name="citypop"/> Abana bari munsi y'imyaka 15 bari 17 880. Abari hagati y'imyaka 15 na 64 bari 31 280. Abarengeje imyaka 64 bari 1 674.<ref name="citypop"/> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Rubavu}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Rubavu]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Nyakiriba]] 48br4k5zo0cbxle0f5osxdb7ynl9atu 0 20183 148687 143832 2026-11-03T13:07:40Z Score Beethoven 11559 148687 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox umurenge}} '''Umurenge wa Nyamyumba''' ni umwe mu mirenge 12 igize [[Akarere ka Rubavu]], mu [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba|Ntara y'Uburengerazuba]], mu [[Rwanda]]. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, Umurenge wa Nyamyumba wari utuwe n'abaturage 48 718. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → [[Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Uturere]] → Imirenge → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Abaturage == [[Dosiye:Rwanda, Rubavu District.png|thumb|left|Ikarita y'Akarere ka Rubavu]] Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2012, Umurenge wa Nyamyumba wari utuwe n'abaturage 37 491. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, wari utuwe n'abaturage 48 718.<ref name="citypop">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/rubavu/3309__nyamyumba/ |title=Nyamyumba (Sector, Rwanda) – Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Mu 2022, abagore bari 24 990, naho abagabo bari 23 728. Abaturage 20 359 babaga mu mujyi, naho 28 359 babaga mu cyaro. Abana bari munsi y'imyaka 15 bari 20 252. Abari hagati y'imyaka 15 na 64 bari 26 900. Abarengeje imyaka 64 bari 1 566.<ref name="citypop" /> == Ubukungu n'ubukerarugendo == Mu Murenge wa Nyamyumba hari icyambu cya Nyamyumba. Icyo cyambu gihuza Akarere ka Rubavu n'utundi turere dukora ku [[Ikiyaga cya Kivu]]. Gihuza kandi Akarere ka Rubavu na [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]]. Muri uwo murenge hari n'amashyuza. Ayo mashyuza akurura ba mukerarugendo.<ref name="rubavu">{{Cite web |url=https://rubavu.gov.rw/en/district/about-the-district |title=About the district |website=rubavu.gov.rw |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Rubavu}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Rubavu]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Nyamyumba]] fnw4waj5jn2rkttav8lawnik5xmxvpt 0 20184 148698 143831 2026-11-03T13:08:08Z Score Beethoven 11559 148698 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox umurenge}} '''Umurenge wa Rubavu''' ni umwe mu mirenge 12 igize [[Akarere ka Rubavu]], mu [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba|Ntara y'Uburengerazuba]], mu [[Rwanda]]. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, Umurenge wa Rubavu wari utuwe n'abaturage 80 107. Ni wo murenge ufite abaturage benshi mu Karere ka Rubavu. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → [[Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Uturere]] → Imirenge → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Imiterere == [[Dosiye:Rwanda, Rubavu District.png|thumb|left|Ikarita y'Akarere ka Rubavu]] Umurenge wa Rubavu ni umwe mu mirenge 12 y'Akarere ka Rubavu.<ref name="akarere">{{Cite web |url=https://rubavu.gov.rw/en/district/about-the-district |title=About the district |website=rubavu.gov.rw |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Ufite ubuso bwa km² 25,68.<ref name="umurenge">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/rubavu/3311__rubavu/ |title=Rubavu (Sector, Rwanda) – Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Umurenge wa Rubavu uhana imbibi n'imirenge ya [[Umurenge wa Gisenyi|Gisenyi]], [[Umurenge wa Cyanzarwe|Cyanzarwe]], [[Umurenge wa Nyakiriba|Nyakiriba]] na [[Umurenge wa Rugerero|Rugerero]]. == Abaturage == Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2012, Umurenge wa Rubavu wari utuwe n'abaturage 42 394. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, wari utuwe n'abaturage 80 107.<ref name="citypop">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/33__rubavu/ |title=Rubavu (District, Rwanda) – Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Mu 2022, abagore bari 41 343. Abagabo bari 38 764. Abaturage 65 895 babaga mu mujyi. Abaturage 14 212 babaga mu cyaro. Ku kilometero kare imwe hari abaturage 3 120.<ref name="umurenge" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Rubavu District|Amafoto y'Akarere ka Rubavu]] kuri Wikimedia Commons {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Rubavu}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Rubavu]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Rubavu]] ky5rm2kikfkpqlj9w4qdf88yhn3f85e 0 20185 148701 143835 2026-11-03T13:08:17Z Score Beethoven 11559 148701 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox umurenge}} '''Umurenge wa Rugerero''' ni umwe mu mirenge 12 igize [[Akarere ka Rubavu]], mu [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba]], mu [[Rwanda]]. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, Umurenge wa Rugerero wari utuwe n'abaturage 66 926. Abenshi muri bo batuye mu mujyi. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → [[Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Uturere]] → Imirenge → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Aho uherereye == [[Dosiye:Rwanda, Rubavu District.png|thumb|left|Ikarita y'Akarere ka Rubavu]] Umurenge wa Rugerero ni umwe mu mirenge 12 y'Akarere ka Rubavu.<ref name="menya">{{Cite web |url=https://www.rubavu.gov.rw/akarere/menya-akarere |title=Menya Akarere |website=rubavu.gov.rw |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Ufite ubuso bwa km² 25,31.<ref name="citypop">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/rubavu/3312__rugerero/ |title=Rugerero (Sector, Rwanda) – Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> == Abaturage == [[Dosiye:Rugerero Monument.jpg|thumb|left|Ikibumbano kiri mu Murenge wa Rugerero]] Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2012, Umurenge wa Rugerero wari utuwe n'abaturage 42 574. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, wari utuwe n'abaturage 66 926.<ref name="citypop" /> Abaturage 2 644 bari batuye kuri km² imwe.<ref name="citypop" /> Mu 2022, abagore bari 34 522. Abagabo bari 32 404. Abari munsi y'imyaka 15 bari 28 159. Abari hagati y'imyaka 15 na 64 bari 37 212. Abari hejuru y'imyaka 64 bari 1 555.<ref name="citypop" /> Umurenge wa Rugerero ni umwe mu mirenge ituwe cyane mu Karere ka Rubavu. Utuwe na 12,2 % by'abaturage b'akarere. Abaturage 84,7 % batuye mu mujyi.<ref name="nisr">{{Cite web |url=https://www.statistics.gov.rw/sites/default/files/2025-05/Rubavu.pdf |title=Fifth Population and Housing Census, Rwanda, 2022: District Profile – Rubavu |publisher=National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda |year=2023 |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" |+ Imiturire mu Murenge wa Rugerero (2022) ! Agace !! Abaturage |- | Umujyi || 56 653 |- | Icyaro || 10 273 |} == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Rugerero Sector|Amafoto y'Umurenge wa Rugerero]] kuri Wikimedia Commons {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Rubavu}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Rubavu]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Rugerero]] kdh05xplk0b74s15zbl52e7njiqr2l2 0 20225 148528 123259 2026-11-03T12:55:28Z Baraka official 17008 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 148528 wikitext text/x-wiki chateau le marara hotel ni imwe mumahotel meza ajyezweho mumujyi wa karonjyi ndetse no mu [[Rwanda]] ikaba iherereye kunkombe za kivu ni umujyi uherereye mu bilometero 130 uvuye mumujyi wa [[kigali]], chateau le marara hotel iherereye mu kagari ka kibuye umurenge wa bwishyura mu [[Akarere ka Karongi|karere ka karongi]] ni inyubako yubatswe muburyo bwinyubako bwa cyami bityo bikayijyira inyubako ifite umwihariko wayo.[https://igihe.com/ubukerarugendo/article/karongi-yungutse-hotel-ya-mbere-ifite-isura-y-inyubako-z-i-burayi] === indanganturo === https://igihe.com/ubukerarugendo/article/karongi-yungutse-hotel-ya-mbere-ifite-isura-y-inyubako-z-i-burayi kf36umd6tvn9jduaw1l7boxb6dgllac 0 20243 148540 147815 2026-11-03T12:58:33Z Baraka official 17008 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 148540 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Imva yabami.jpg|alt=Umusezero wa Rwabugiri|thumb|Umusezero wa Rwabugiri]] Imisezero ni ahantu hatabarizwaga (hashyingurwaga) abami n' Abagabekazi b' u Rwanda, mu [[Rwanda]] Abami n' abagabekazi bagiye batabarizwa ahantu hatandukanye mu gihugu ariko habayeho imisezero rusange, urugero n' umusezero w' Abami w' i rutare ho mu murenge wa rutare mu karere ka Gicumbi kuri ubu. Aha i Rutare hatabarijwe Abami 11 n' Abagabekazi 2, kugeza ubu imisezero (Imva) zikigaragara ni 2 iy' umwami Kigeli IV Rwabugiri yatwaye u rwanda kuva muri 1853 _ 1895 nuwa Nyirayuhi V kanjogera, ahandi ntabimenyetso bigaragara ko hari imisezero kuko n' abaturage bahakoresha mumirimo yabo isanzwe yaburi munsi. <ref name=":0">https://igihe.com/umuco/amateka/article/ibimenyetso-ndangamateka-by-imisezero-y-abami-b-u-rwanda</ref> == Abami n' Abagabekazi batarijwe i Rutare <ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/mu-mateka/article/inteko-y-umuco-igiye-kubungabunga-ibigabiro-n-imisezero-by-abami</ref> == === [[ABAMI BATEGETSE U RWANDA|Abami]] <ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/umuco/amateka/article/menya-abami-n-abagabekazi-batabarijwe-i-rutare-muri-gicumbi-ahaberaga-igiterane</ref> === * Kigeli IV Rwabugiri yatwaye kuva 1853 _ 1895 * kigeli I Mukobanya yatwaye ahasaga 1378 _ 1411 * Ndahiro II Cyamatare yatwaye ahayinga 1477 _ 1510 * [[Ruganzu II Ndoli]] yatwaye ahayinga 1510 _ 1543 * Mutara I Nsoro II Semugeshi yatwaye ahayinga 1543 _ 1576 * Kigeli II Nyamuheshera yatwaye ahayinga 1576 _ 1609 * Mibambwe II Sekarongoro II Gisanura yatwaye ahayinga 1609 _ 1642 * Cyilima II Rujugira yatwaye ahayinga 1675 _ 1708 * Mibambwe III Mutabazi II Sentabyo yatwaye ahayinga 1741 _ 1746 * Yuhi IV Gahindiro yatwaye ahayinga 1746 _ 1802 * [[Mutara II Rwogera]] yatwaye ahayinga 1830 _ 1853 === Abagabekazi === * Nyiramibambwe III Nyiratamba * Nyirayuhi V Kanjogera == Abami batabarijwe ahandi == * Gihamba I Ngomijana yatwaye ahasaga 1091 _ 1124 yatabarijwe i Muganza ya Kayenzi muri [[Kamonyi District|Kamonyi]] * Ruganzu I Bwimba yatwaye ahasaga 1312 _ 1345 yatabarijwe i Nkungu na Munyaga ubu ni muri Rwamagana * Cyilima I Rugwe yatwaye ahasaga 1345 _ 1378 yatabarijwe i Butangampundu (Mugambazi) ubu ni i Rulindo * Yuhi II Gahima II yatwaye ahasaga 1444 _ 1477 yatabarijwe i kayenzi ya Muganda ho mu Busigi (Tumba_Byumba) ubu ni i Rulindo * Mibambwe I Sekarongoro I Mutabazi I tatwaye ahasaga 1411 _ 1444 yatabarijwe i Remera y' abaforongo muri [[Akarere ka Rulindo|Rulindo]] * Yuhi III Mazimpaka yatwaye ahasaga 1642 _ 1575 yatabarijwe mu kibuza cya Nkingo Ku ijuru rya Kamonyi (Yiyahuye mu manga y' urutare) * Kigeli III Ndabarasa yatwaye ahasaga 1708 _ 1741 yatabarijwe i Kayenzi muri Kamonyi * Mutara III Rudahigwa yatwaye kuva 1931 _ 1959 yatabarijwe i Mwima ya [[Busasamana]] muri [[Akarere ka Nyanza|Nyanza]] * Kigeli V Ndahindurwa yatwaye kuva 1959 _ 1961 yatanze kuwa 15 mutarama 2017, yatabarijwe i Mwima ya Busasamana muri Nyanza == Abagabekazi batabarijwe ahandi <ref name=":0" /> == * Nyirakigeli I Nyankuge yatabarijwe ku Kabiza, i Shyorongi, Rilindo * Nyirayuhi II Matama yatabarijwe i Remera y' Abaforongo, Rulindo * Nyirakigeli III Rwesero yatabarijwe ku Kabira, Shyorongi, Rulindo == Vuga == == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Amateka y’u Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abami b’u Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Africa]] __FORCETOC____INDEX__ __NEWSECTIONLINK__ rroynzwh2crzf4yzktlg7h3kxdu0qbr 0 20313 148609 143978 2026-11-03T13:04:24Z Score Beethoven 11559 148609 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox umurenge}} '''Umurenge wa Gisozi''' ni umwe mu mirenge 15 igize [[Akarere ka Gasabo]], mu [[Kigali|Mujyi wa Kigali]], mu [[Rwanda]]. Ugizwe n'utugari 2. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, Umurenge wa Gisozi wari utuwe n'abaturage 75 611. Muri uyu murenge hari [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kigali]]. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → [[Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Uturere]] → Imirenge → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Ubuso n'utugari == [[Dosiye:Rwanda, Gasabo District.png|thumb|left|Ikarita y'Akarere ka Gasabo]] Umurenge wa Gisozi ni umwe mu mirenge 15 y'Akarere ka Gasabo. Ufite ubuso bwa km² 8,30.<ref name="citypop">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/12__gasabo/ |title=Gasabo (District, Rwanda) – Sectors |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-23}}</ref> Ugizwe n'[[Akagari|utugari]] 2:<ref name="menya">{{Cite web |url=https://www.gasabo.gov.rw/about/menya-akarere |title=Menya Akarere |website=gasabo.gov.rw |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-23}}</ref> {{div col|colwidth=15em}} * Musezero * Ruhango {{div col end}} == Abaturage == Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2012, Umurenge wa Gisozi wari utuwe n'abaturage 44 003. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, wari utuwe n'abaturage 75 611.<ref name="citypop" /> == Urwibutso rwa Jenoside == Mu Murenge wa Gisozi hari [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kigali]]. Mu mwaka wa 2023, UNESCO yashyize inzibutso enye za Jenoside mu murage w'isi. Urwibutso rwa Kigali ni rumwe muri izo nzibutso.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.unesco.org/en/days/tutsi-genocide |title=International Day of Reflection on the 1994 Genocide against the Tutsi in Rwanda |website=UNESCO |language=en |access-date=2026-10-23}}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Gisozi Sector|Amafoto y'Umurenge wa Gisozi]] kuri Wikimedia Commons {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Gasabo}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Gasabo]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Gisozi]] 3un2jzdwwu6amiyxcluys3qbuo1oue1 0 20316 148696 143864 2026-11-03T13:08:02Z Score Beethoven 11559 148696 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox umurenge}} '''Umurenge wa Remera''' ni umwe mu [[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|mirenge]] 15 igize [[Akarere ka Gasabo]], mu [[Kigali|Mujyi wa Kigali]], mu [[Rwanda]]. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, Umurenge wa Remera wari utuwe n'abaturage 38 648. Ugizwe n'utugari 4. Muri uyu murenge hari [[Sitade y'Igihugu Amahoro|Stade Amahoro]] na [[Kigali BK Arena|BK Arena]]. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → [[Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Uturere]] → Imirenge → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Ubuso n'utugari == [[Dosiye:Rwanda, Gasabo District.png|thumb|left|Ikarita y'Akarere ka Gasabo]] Umurenge wa Remera ni umwe mu mirenge 15 y'Akarere ka Gasabo.<ref name="menya">{{Cite web |url=https://www.gasabo.gov.rw/about/menya-akarere |title=Menya Akarere |website=gasabo.gov.rw |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Ufite ubuso bwa km² 7,27.<ref name="citypop">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/gasabo/1213__remera/ |title=Remera (Sector, Rwanda) – Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Uri ku butumburuke bwa metero 1 445.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.geonames.org/11186561/remera.html |title=Remera |website=GeoNames |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Ugizwe n'[[Akagari|utugari]] 4:<ref name="menya" /> {{div col|colwidth=15em}} * Nyabisindu * Nyarutarama * Rukiri I * Rukiri II {{div col end}} == Abaturage == Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2012, Umurenge wa Remera wari utuwe n'abaturage 43 279. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, wari utuwe n'abaturage 38 648. Abagabo bari 20 300. Abagore bari 18 348. Abaturage bose batuye mu mujyi.<ref name="citypop" /> Umubare w'abaturage wagabanutse hagati ya 2012 na 2022. == Ibikorwa by'ingenzi == Mu Murenge wa Remera hari [[Sitade y'Igihugu Amahoro|Stade Amahoro]]. Iyi sitade yakira abantu 45 000. Hafi yayo hari [[Kigali BK Arena|BK Arena]]. BK Arena yakira abantu 10 000.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/abaturiye-stade-amahoro-bahawe-igihe-ntarengwa-cyo-kuvugurura-inyubako-zabo |title=Abaturiye Stade Amahoro bahawe igihe ntarengwa cyo kuvugurura inyubako zabo |last=Gasana |first=Marcellin |website=Kigali Today |date=2024-10-08 |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Agace ka [[Gisimenti]] (Kisimenti) kari hagati muri Remera. Ni ihuriro ry'ubucuruzi. Hari amahoteli, amabanki n'amaduka.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://fr.igihe.com/remera-kisimenti-booming-un-nouveau-centre-d.html |title=Remera-Kisimenti booming : un nouveau centre d’affaires hyperactif à Kigali |last=Ndayishimiye |first=Jovin |website=IGIHE |date=2015-02-20 |language=fr |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Remera Sector (Gasabo)|Amafoto y’Umurenge wa Remera]] kuri Wikimedia Commons {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Gasabo}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Gasabo|Remera]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Remera]] epcvadws0x2obi1bpllf1kg86ovwzts 10 20339 148866 141431 2026-11-04T11:29:56Z Score Beethoven 11559 148866 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | bodystyle = border-spacing:2px; | headerstyle = background:#ddd | labelstyle = padding:0.2em 0; line-height:1.2em; | autoheaders = yes<!-- INFOBOX TITLE ----- ----- ----- ----- --> | title = {{Infobox drug/title |title={{#if:{{{drug_name|}}} |{{{drug_name}}} |{{PAGENAME}} }} |INN={{{INN|}}} }}<!-- IMAGES ----- ----- ----- ----- --> | image1 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{image|}}} |size={{{width|}}}|sizedefault=frameless|upright=1.36|alt={{{alt|}}}}} | image2 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{image2|}}}|size={{#if:{{{width2|}}}|{{{width2|}}}|{{{width|}}}}}|sizedefault=frameless|upright=1.36|alt={{{alt2|}}}}} <!-- caption: kept old behaviour: when only 'caption=' input, put that below *both* images (Jan 2016) --> | caption1={{#if:{{{image2|}}}| {{#if:{{{caption2|}}} |{{{caption|}}} |}} |{{{caption|}}} }} | caption2={{#if:{{{caption2|}}} |{{{caption2|}}} |{{{caption|}}} }} | image3 = {{#if:{{{imageL|}}}{{{imageR|}}}|<table style="width:100%; margin:0;"><tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; width:50%;">{{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{imageL|}}}|size={{{widthL|}}}|sizedefault=frameless|upright=0.5|alt={{{altL|}}}}}</td> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; width:50%;">{{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{imageR|}}}|size={{{widthR|}}}|sizedefault=frameless|upright=0.5|alt={{{altR|}}}}}</td> </tr></table>}} | caption3 = {{{captionLR|}}}<!-- TYPEHEADER=VACC/COMBO/MAB/SINGLE --> | header1 = {{#switch:{{lc:{{{type|}}}}} | vaccine = [[Vaccine|Vaccine description]] | combo = Combination of | mab = [[Monoclonal antibody]] | #default =<!-- no header when type=blank (single chemical) --> }}<!-- TYPE VACCINE: ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- If type=vaccine then show vaccine details --> | label5 = Target disease<!-- reuse of target parameter; see vacc/mab --> | data5 = {{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{type|}}}}} |vaccine |{{#if:{{{target|}}} |{{{target}}} |<!-- cat -->}} }} | label6 = Type | data6 = {{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{type|}}}}} |vaccine |{{#switch:{{lc:{{{vaccine_type|}}}}} |inactivated |killed = [[Inactivated vaccine|Inactivated]] |attenuated = [[Attenuated virus]] |live = Live bacteria |viral = [[Viral vector vaccine|Viral vector]] |toxoid = [[Toxoid]] |subunit = [[Subunit vaccine|Subunit]] |protein |protein subunit = [[Subunit vaccine#Protein subunit|Protein subunit]] |peptide |peptide subunit = [[Subunit vaccine#Peptide subunit|Peptide subunit]] |polysaccharide = [[Subunit vaccine#Polysaccharide subunit|Polysaccharide]] |vlp = [[Subunit vaccine#Virus-like particles|Virus-like particles]] |conjugate = [[Conjugate vaccine]] |recombinant = [[Recombinant DNA|Recombinant vector]] |dna = [[DNA vaccination]] |rna = [[RNA vaccine|RNA]] |mrna = [[mRNA vaccine|mRNA]] |#default={{{vaccine_type|}}} }} }}<!-- freetext, shows unedited --><!-- TYPE MAB: ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- If type=mab then show monoclonal antibody details --> | label10 = Type | data10 = {{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{type|}}}}} |mab |{{#switch:{{lc:{{{mab_type|}}}}} | mab = Whole antibody | fab = [[Fab fragment]] | f(ab')2 = [[Fragment antigen-binding|F(ab')₂ fragment]] | fab' = [[Fab' fragment]] | scfv = [[Single-chain variable fragment]] | discfv = [[Single-chain variable fragment|Di-single-chain variable fragment]] | sdab = [[Single domain antibody]] | 3funct = [[Trifunctional antibody]] | clfab = [[Chemically linked Fab]] | bite = [[Bi-specific T-cell engager]] | #default=? }} }} | label11 = Source | data11 = {{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{type|}}}}} |mab |{{Infobox drug/mab source |_mab_source={{{source|}}} }}}}<!-- mab_source == internal only --> | label12 = Target | data12 = {{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{type|}}}}} |mab |{{{target|}}} }}<!-- alternate use of target; see vacc --><!-- TYPE COMBO: ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- if type=combo show its components (#2 obligatory, 3-6 optional) --> | label15 = {{#if:{{{component1|}}}|[[{{{component1}}}]]|[[? Component]]}} | data15 = {{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{type|}}}}} | combo | {{{class1|? Class}}} }} | label16 = {{#if:{{{component2|}}}|[[{{{component2}}}]]|[[? Component]]}} | data16 = {{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{type|}}}}} | combo | {{{class2|? Class}}} }} | label17 = [[{{{component3}}}]] | data17 = {{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{type|}}}}} | combo | {{#if:{{both|{{{component3|}}}|{{{class3|}}}}} | {{{class3|? Class}}} }} }} | label18 = [[{{{component4}}}]] | data18 = {{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{type|}}}}} | combo | {{#if:{{both|{{{component4|}}}|{{{class4|}}}}} | {{{class4|? Class}}} }} }} | label19 = [[{{{component5}}}]] | data19 = {{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{type|}}}}} | combo | {{#if:{{both|{{{component5|}}}|{{{class5|}}}}} | {{{class5|? Class}}} }} }} <!-- TYPE: GENE THERAPY ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- (no need to set type=... any parmeter input will show the section) --> |header20= Gene therapy |label21 = Target gene | data21 = {{{gt_target_gene|}}} |label22 = Vector | data22 = {{{gt_vector|}}} |label23 = Nucleic acid type | data23 = {{{gt_nucleic_acid_type|}}} |label24 = Editing method | data24 = {{{gt_editing_method|}}} |label25 = Delivery method | data25 = {{{gt_delivery_method|}}} <!-- NAMES --> | header26 = Amazina | label27 = Imivugire | data27 = {{#if:{{{pronounce|}}}{{{pronounce_comment|}}} |{{{pronounce|}}}{{{pronounce_ref|}}}&#x20;{{{pronounce_comment|}}} }} | label28 = Amazina y'ubucuruzi | data28 = {{{tradename|}}} | label29 = Andi mazina | data29 = {{#if:{{{AAN|}}}{{{BAN|}}}{{{JAN|}}}{{{USAN|}}} |{{Infobox drug/localINNvariants |synonyms={{{synonyms|}}} |AAN={{{AAN|}}} |BAN={{{BAN|}}} |JAN={{{JAN|}}} |USAN={{{USAN|}}} }} |{{{synonyms|}}} }} <!-- IUPAC_name (single chemical only) --> | data30 = {{#if:{{{IUPAC_name|}}} |{{Collapsible list <!--| expand=test_yes--> |liststyle=word-break:break-all; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; text-indent:-1.5em; |title = [[IUPAC nomenclature of chemistry|Izina rya IUPAC]] |1=<span style="font-size: 11px;">{{{IUPAC_name|}}}</span> }} }} <!-- CLINICAL DATA --> | header31 = Amakuru y'ubuvuzi | label32 = Ubwoko bw'umuti | data32 = {{{class|}}} | label34 = Icyo ukoreshwa | data34 = {{{uses|}}} | label35 = Ingaruka mbi | data35 = {{{side effects|{{{side_effects|}}}}}} | label36 = Imikoranire n'indi miti | data36 = {{{interactions|}}} | label40 = {{#if: {{{aware| }}} | WHO AWaRe }} | data40 = {{{aware|}}} | label41 = Dependence risk | data41 = {{{dependency_liability|}}} | label42 = Addiction risk | data42 = {{{addiction_liability|}}} <!-- pregnancy categories --> | label43 = Ku bagore batwite | data43 = {{Infobox drug/pregnancy category |pregnancy_AU = {{{pregnancy_AU|}}} |pregnancy_US = {{{pregnancy_US|}}} |pregnancy_AU_comment = {{{pregnancy_AU_comment|}}} |pregnancy_US_comment = {{{pregnancy_US_comment|}}} |pregnancy_category = {{{pregnancy_category|}}} |PLLR = {{{PLLR|}}} }} | label44 = Breastfeeding | data44 = {{{breastfeeding|}}} | label45 = Uko ufatwa | data45 = {{{routes_of_administration|{{{routes_of_use|}}}}}} | label46 = Igihe utangira gukora | data46 = {{{onset|}}} | label47 = Igihe umara ukora | data47 = {{{duration_of_action|}}} | label48 = Defined daily dose | data48 = {{{defined_daily_dose|}}} | label49 = Typical dose | data49 = {{{typical_dose|}}} | label50 = Duration | data50 = {{{duration|}}} | label51 = Urine detection | data51 = {{{urine|}}} <!-- External links --> | header61 = Ihuza ryo hanze | label62 = AHFS/Drugs.com | data62 = {{{Drugs.com|}}} | label73 = WHO Essential Medicines | data73 = {{#if:{{{WHO|}}} |[https://list.essentialmeds.org/recommendations/{{{WHO}}} {{{WHO}}}]}} | label84 = MedlinePlus | data84 = {{#if: {{{MedlinePlus|}}} | <span title="medlineplus.gov">[https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/{{{MedlinePlus}}}.html {{{MedlinePlus}}}]</span>}}<!-- PHYSIOLOGICAL DATA Hormones, neurotransmitters etc. are not a separate drugtype (just a single chemical) Section 'Physiological data' appears when there is parameter input. May 2017. --> | header95 = Physiological data | label106= Source tissues | data106= {{{source_tissues|}}} | label117= Target tissues | data117= {{{target_tissues|}}} | label128= Receptors | data128= {{{receptors|}}} | label139= Agonists | data139= {{{agonists|}}} | label140= Antagonists | data140= {{{antagonists|}}} | label151= Precursor | data151= {{{precursor|}}} | label162= Biosynthesis | data162= {{{biosynthesis|}}} | label163= Uko uhinduka mu mubiri | data163= {{#if:{{{sources|}}}{{{targets|}}}{{{receptors|}}}{{{agonists|}}}{{{antagonists|}}}{{{precursor|}}}{{{biosynthesis|}}} |<!-- has context so show here: -->{{{metabolism|}}} }}<!-- LEGAL STATUS --> | header164 = Legal | label165 = {{engvar|defaultWord=License |defaultLang=en-US |en-UK=Licence |en-AU=Licence |en-CA=Licence |en-NZ=Licence |en-EI=Licence |engvar={{{engvar|}}} }} data | data165 = {{Infobox drug/licence |INN_EMA={{{INN_EMA|}}} |licence_EU={{#if:{{{licence_EU|}}}{{{license_EU|}}}|yes}} | _EMA_use_INN={{ParameterUseFirst |1={{{INN_EMA|}}} |2={{#ifeq:{{{INN|}}}|none||{{{INN|}}}}} |3={{{drug_name|}}} |4={{PAGENAME}} }} |licence_US={{{licence_US|}}}{{{license_US|}}} |DailyMedID={{{DailyMedID|}}} |licence_CA=<!-- switched off, no CA page available (Feb 2017): {{{licence_CA|}}}{{{license_CA|}}}--> }}<!-- so internally, spell licenCe --> | label166 = Uko wemewe n'amategeko | data166 = {{Infobox drug/legal status |legal_AU={{{legal_AU|}}} |legal_BR={{{legal_BR|}}} |legal_CA={{{legal_CA|}}} |legal_DE={{{legal_DE|}}} |legal_NZ={{{legal_NZ|}}} |legal_UK={{{legal_UK|}}} |legal_US={{{legal_US|}}} |legal_EU={{{legal_EU|}}} |legal_UN={{{legal_UN|}}} |legal_AU_comment={{{legal_AU_comment|}}} |legal_BR_comment={{{legal_BR_comment|}}} |legal_CA_comment={{{legal_CA_comment|}}} |legal_DE_comment={{{legal_DE_comment|}}} |legal_NZ_comment={{{legal_NZ_comment|}}} |legal_UK_comment={{{legal_UK_comment|}}} |legal_US_comment={{{legal_US_comment|}}} |legal_EU_comment={{{legal_EU_comment|}}} |legal_UN_comment={{{legal_UN_comment|}}} |legal_status={{{legal_status|}}} }}<!-- PHARMACOKINETIC ----- ----- ----- ----- --> | header170 = Pharmacokinetics | label171 = Igipimo kigera mu maraso | data171 = {{{bioavailability|}}} | label172 = Kwifatanya na poroteyine | data172 = {{{protein_bound|}}} | label173 = Uko uhinduka mu mubiri | data173 = {{#if:{{{bioavailability|}}}{{{protein_bound|}}}{{{metabolites|}}}{{{elimination_half-life|}}}{{{excretion|}}} |{{{metabolism|}}}|{{#if:{{{sources|}}}{{{targets|}}}{{{receptors|}}}{{{agonists|}}}{{{antagonists|}}}{{{precursor|}}}{{{biosynthesis|}}} ||{{{metabolism|}}}}} }} | label174 = Metabolites | data174 = {{{metabolites|}}} | label176 = Elimination {{nowrap|half-life}} | data176 = {{{elimination_half-life|}}} | label178 = Uko usohoka | data178 = {{{excretion|}}}<!-- IDENTIFIERS ----- ----- ----- ----- --> | header180 = Ibiranga <!-- label_comment: explain the labels --> | label183 = &#x200B;<!-- keeps data in righthand column --> | data183 = {{unbulleted list |1={{#if:{{{index_comment|}}} |{{#if:{{{index_label|}}} |{{{index_label|}}}:&#x20;}}{{{index_comment|}}} }} |2={{#if:{{{index2_comment|}}} |{{#if:{{{index2_label|}}} |{{{index2_label|}}}:&#x20;}}{{{index2_comment|}}} }} }}<!-- CAS NUMBER --> | label184 = CAS Number | data184 = {{unbulleted list |1={{Infobox drug/formatCASnumber |localValue={{{CAS_number|}}} |index=0 |ix_label={{{index_label|}}} |comment={{{CAS_supplemental|}}} |botref={{{CAS_number_Ref|}}} }} |2={{Infobox drug/formatCASnumber |localValue={{{CAS_number2|}}} |index=2 |ix_label={{{index2_label|}}} |comment={{{CAS_supplemental2|}}} |botref={{{CAS_number2_Ref|}}} }} }}<!-- PUBCHEM CID --> | label185 = PubChem <span style="font-weight:normal">{{abbr|CID|Compound ID}}</span> | data185 = {{unbulleted list |1={{Infobox drug/formatPubChemCID |localValue={{{PubChem|}}} |index=0 |ix_label={{{index_label|}}} |comment= }} |2={{Infobox drug/formatPubChemCID |localValue={{{PubChem2|}}} |index=2 |ix_label={{{index2_label|}}} |comment= }} }}<!-- PUBCHEM SID unrestricted showing (independent of CID) Feb 2017 --> |label186 = {{#if:{{{PubChem|}}}{{{PubChem2|}}} |PubChem |PubChem }}&#x20;<span style="font-weight:normal">{{abbr|1=SID|2=Structure ID}}</span> | data186 = {{unbulleted list |1={{Infobox drug/formatPubChemSID |ix_label={{{index_label|}}} |localValue={{{PubChemSubstance|}}} }} |2={{Infobox drug/formatPubChemSID |ix_label={{{index2_label|}}} |localValue={{{PubChemSubstance2|}}} }} }}<!-- IUPHAR PBS iuphar --> | label187 = IUPHAR/BPS | data187 = {{unbulleted list |1={{Infobox drug/formatIUPHARBPS |ix_label={{{index_label|}}} |localValue= {{{IUPHAR_ligand|}}} }} |2={{Infobox drug/formatIUPHARBPS |ix_label={{{index2_label|}}} |localValue= {{{IUPHAR_ligand2|}}} }} }}<!-- DRUGBANK --> | label188 = DrugBank | data188 = {{unbulleted list |1={{Infobox drug/formatDrugBank |ix_label={{{index_label|}}} |localValue={{{DrugBank|}}} |botref={{{DrugBank_Ref|}}} }} |2={{Infobox drug/formatDrugBank |ix_label={{{index2_label|}}} |localValue={{{DrugBank2|}}} |botref={{{DrugBank2_Ref|}}} }} }}<!-- CHEMSPIDER --> | label189 = ChemSpider | data189 = {{unbulleted list |1={{Infobox drug/formatChemSpider |ix_label={{{index_label|}}} |index=0 |localValue={{{ChemSpiderID|}}} |botref={{{ChemSpiderID_Ref|}}} }} |2={{Infobox drug/formatChemSpider |ix_label={{{index2_label|}}} |index=2 |localValue={{{ChemSpiderID2|}}} |botref={{{ChemSpiderID2_Ref|}}} }} }}<!-- UNII --> | label190 = UNII | data190 = {{unbulleted list |1={{Infobox drug/formatUNII |ix_label={{{index_label|}}} |localValue={{{UNII|}}} |botref={{{UNIIRef|}}} }} |2={{Infobox drug/formatUNII |ix_label={{{index2_label|}}} |localValue={{{UNII2|}}} |botref={{{UNII2_Ref|}}} }} }}<!-- KEGG --> | label191 = KEGG | data191 = {{unbulleted list |1={{Infobox drug/formatKEGG |ix_label={{{index_label|}}} |localValue={{{KEGG|}}} |botref={{{KEGG_Ref|}}} }} |2={{Infobox drug/formatKEGG |ix_label={{{index2_label|}}} |localValue={{{KEGG2|}}} |botref={{{KEGG2_Ref|}}} }} }}<!-- CHEBI --> | label192 = ChEBI | data192 = {{unbulleted list |1={{Infobox drug/formatChEBI |ix_label={{{index_label|}}} |localValue={{{ChEBI|}}} |botref={{{ChEBI_Ref|}}} }} |2={{Infobox drug/formatChEBI |ix_label={{{index2_label|}}} |localValue={{{ChEBI2|}}} |botref={{{ChEBI2_Ref|}}} }} }}<!-- CHEMBL --> | label193 = ChEMBL | data193 = {{unbulleted list |1={{Infobox drug/formatChEMBL |ix_label={{{index_label|}}} |localValue={{{ChEMBL|}}} |botref={{{ChEMBL_Ref|}}} }} |2={{Infobox drug/formatChEMBL |ix_label={{{index2_label|}}} |localValue={{{ChEMBL2|}}} |botref={{{ChEMBL2_Ref|}}} }} }}<!-- NIAID niaid --> | label194 = NIAID ChemDB | data194 = {{unbulleted list |1={{Infobox drug/formatChemDBNIAID |ix_label={{{index_label|}}} |localValue={{{NIAID_ChemDB|}}} }} |2={{Infobox drug/formatChemDBNIAID |ix_label={{{index2_label|}}} |localValue={{{NIAID_ChemDB2|}}} }} }}<!-- PDB ligand --> | label196 = PDB ligand | data196 = {{#switch:{{{type|}}} |combo|vaccine= |#default={{unbulleted list |1={{Infobox drug/formatPDBligand |ix_label={{{index_label|}}} | localValue={{{PDB_ligand|}}} }} |2={{Infobox drug/formatPDBligand |ix_label={{{index2_label|}}} | localValue={{{PDB_ligand2|}}} }} }}}}<!-- CompTox (EPA) DTXSID --> | label198 = CompTox Dashboard <span style="font-weight:normal">({{abbr|EPA|U.S. Environmental Protection Agency}})</span> | data198 = {{unbulleted list |1={{Infobox drug/formatCompTox |ix_label={{{index_label|}}} |localValue={{{DTXSID|}}} |useWD= }} |2={{Infobox drug/formatCompTox |ix_label={{{index2_label|}}} |localValue={{{DTXSID2|}}} }} }}<!-- ATC atc human --> | label199 = Kode ya ATC | data199 = {{unbulleted list |1={{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{ATCvet}}}}} |yes |<!-- skip vet --> |{{Infobox drug/formatATC |index=0 |ix_label={{{index_label|}}} |ATC_prefix={{{ATC_prefix|}}} |ATC_suffix={{{ATC_suffix|}}} |ATC_supplemental={{{ATC_supplemental|}}} }}}} |2={{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{ATCvet}}}}} |yes |<!-- skip vet --> |{{Infobox drug/formatATC |index=2 |ix_label={{{index2_label|}}} |ATC_prefix={{{ATC_prefix2|}}} |ATC_suffix={{{ATC_suffix2|}}} |ATC_supplemental={{{ATC_supplemental2|}}} }}}} }}<!-- ATC VET --> | label200 = ATCvet code | data200 = {{unbulleted list |1={{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{ATCvet|}}}}}|yes|{{Infobox drug/formatATCvet |index=0 |ix_label={{{index_label|}}} |ATC_prefix={{{ATC_prefix|}}} |ATC_suffix={{{ATC_suffix|}}} |ATC_supplemental={{{ATC_supplemental|}}} }}}} <!-- ATCvet does not have a #2 option: its one for both then --> |2={{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{ATCvet|}}}}}|yes|{{Infobox drug/formatATCvet |index=2 |ix_label={{{index2_label|}}} |ATC_prefix={{{ATC_prefix2|}}} |ATC_suffix={{{ATC_suffix2|}}} |ATC_supplemental={{{ATC_supplemental2|}}} }}}} }}<!-- CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL DATA ----- ----- ----- ----- --> | header211 = Amakuru y'ubutabire<!-- --> | label222 = Formule | data222 = {{Infobox drug/chemical formula |chemical_formula_fixed={{{chemical_formula|}}} |Ac={{{Ac|}}}|Ag={{{Ag|}}}|Al={{{Al|}}}|Am={{{Am|}}}|Ar={{{Ar|}}}|As={{{As|}}}|At={{{At|}}}|Au={{{Au|}}}|B={{{B|}}}|Ba={{{Ba|}}}|Be={{{Be|}}}|Bh={{{Bh|}}}|Bi={{{Bi|}}}|Bk={{{Bk|}}}|Br={{{Br|}}}|C={{{C|}}}|Ca={{{Ca|}}}|Cd={{{Cd|}}}|Ce={{{Ce|}}}|Cf={{{Cf|}}}|Cl={{{Cl|}}}|Cm={{{Cm|}}}|Cn={{{Cn|}}}|Co={{{Co|}}}|Cr={{{Cr|}}}|Cs={{{Cs|}}}|Cu={{{Cu|}}}|D={{{D|}}}|Db={{{Db|}}}|Ds={{{Ds|}}}|Dy={{{Dy|}}}|Er={{{Er|}}}|Es={{{Es|}}}|Eu={{{Eu|}}}|F={{{F|}}}|Fe={{{Fe|}}}|Fl={{{Fl|}}}|Fm={{{Fm|}}}|Fr={{{Fr|}}}|Ga={{{Ga|}}}|Gd={{{Gd|}}}|Ge={{{Ge|}}}|H={{{H|}}}|He={{{He|}}}|Hf={{{Hf|}}}|Hg={{{Hg|}}}|Ho={{{Ho|}}}|Hs={{{Hs|}}}|I={{{I|}}}|In={{{In|}}}|Ir={{{Ir|}}}|K={{{K|}}}|Kr={{{Kr|}}}|La={{{La|}}}|Li={{{Li|}}}|Lr={{{Lr|}}}|Lu={{{Lu|}}}|Lv={{{Lv|}}}|Mc={{{Mc|}}}|Md={{{Md|}}}|Mg={{{Mg|}}}|Mn={{{Mn|}}}|Mo={{{Mo|}}}|Mt={{{Mt|}}}|N={{{N|}}}|Na={{{Na|}}}|Nb={{{Nb|}}}|Nd={{{Nd|}}}|Ne={{{Ne|}}}|Nh={{{Nh|}}}|Ni={{{Ni|}}}|No={{{No|}}}|Np={{{Np|}}}|O={{{O|}}}|Og={{{Og|}}}|Os={{{Os|}}}|P={{{P|}}}|Pa={{{Pa|}}}|Pb={{{Pb|}}}|Pd={{{Pd|}}}|Pm={{{Pm|}}}|Po={{{Po|}}}|Pr={{{Pr|}}}|Pt={{{Pt|}}}|Pu={{{Pu|}}}|Ra={{{Ra|}}}|Rb={{{Rb|}}}|Re={{{Re|}}}|Rf={{{Rf|}}}|Rg={{{Rg|}}}|Rh={{{Rh|}}}|Rn={{{Rn|}}}|Ru={{{Ru|}}}|S={{{S|}}}|Sb={{{Sb|}}}|Sc={{{Sc|}}}|Se={{{Se|}}}|Sg={{{Sg|}}}|Si={{{Si|}}}|Sm={{{Sm|}}}|Sn={{{Sn|}}}|Sr={{{Sr|}}}|Ta={{{Ta|}}}|Tb={{{Tb|}}}|Tc={{{Tc|}}}|Te={{{Te|}}}|Th={{{Th|}}}|Ti={{{Ti|}}}|Tl={{{Tl|}}}|Tm={{{Tm|}}}|Ts={{{Ts|}}}|U={{{U|}}}|V={{{V|}}}|W={{{W|}}}|Xe={{{Xe|}}}|Y={{{Y|}}}|Yb={{{Yb|}}}|Zn={{{Zn|}}}|Zr={{{Zr|}}} |charge={{{charge|}}} |chemical_formula_ref={{{chemical_formula_ref|}}} |chemical_formula_comment={{{chemical_formula_comment|}}} }} | label233 = Uburemere bwa mole | data233 = {{Chem molar mass |Ac={{{Ac|}}}|Ag={{{Ag|}}}|Al={{{Al|}}}|Am={{{Am|}}}|Ar={{{Ar|}}}|As={{{As|}}}|At={{{At|}}}|Au={{{Au|}}}|B={{{B|}}}|Ba={{{Ba|}}}|Be={{{Be|}}}|Bh={{{Bh|}}}|Bi={{{Bi|}}}|Bk={{{Bk|}}}|Br={{{Br|}}}|C={{{C|}}}|Ca={{{Ca|}}}|Cd={{{Cd|}}}|Ce={{{Ce|}}}|Cf={{{Cf|}}}|Cl={{{Cl|}}}|Cm={{{Cm|}}}|Cn={{{Cn|}}}|Co={{{Co|}}}|Cr={{{Cr|}}}|Cs={{{Cs|}}}|Cu={{{Cu|}}}|D={{{D|}}}|Db={{{Db|}}}|Ds={{{Ds|}}}|Dy={{{Dy|}}}|Er={{{Er|}}}|Es={{{Es|}}}|Eu={{{Eu|}}}|F={{{F|}}}|Fe={{{Fe|}}}|Fl={{{Fl|}}}|Fm={{{Fm|}}}|Fr={{{Fr|}}}|Ga={{{Ga|}}}|Gd={{{Gd|}}}|Ge={{{Ge|}}}|H={{{H|}}}|He={{{He|}}}|Hf={{{Hf|}}}|Hg={{{Hg|}}}|Ho={{{Ho|}}}|Hs={{{Hs|}}}|I={{{I|}}}|In={{{In|}}}|Ir={{{Ir|}}}|K={{{K|}}}|Kr={{{Kr|}}}|La={{{La|}}}|Li={{{Li|}}}|Lr={{{Lr|}}}|Lu={{{Lu|}}}|Lv={{{Lv|}}}|Mc={{{Mc|}}}|Md={{{Md|}}}|Mg={{{Mg|}}}|Mn={{{Mn|}}}|Mo={{{Mo|}}}|Mt={{{Mt|}}}|N={{{N|}}}|Na={{{Na|}}}|Nb={{{Nb|}}}|Nd={{{Nd|}}}|Ne={{{Ne|}}}|Nh={{{Nh|}}}|Ni={{{Ni|}}}|No={{{No|}}}|Np={{{Np|}}}|O={{{O|}}}|Og={{{Og|}}}|Os={{{Os|}}}|P={{{P|}}}|Pa={{{Pa|}}}|Pb={{{Pb|}}}|Pd={{{Pd|}}}|Pm={{{Pm|}}}|Po={{{Po|}}}|Pr={{{Pr|}}}|Pt={{{Pt|}}}|Pu={{{Pu|}}}|Ra={{{Ra|}}}|Rb={{{Rb|}}}|Re={{{Re|}}}|Rf={{{Rf|}}}|Rg={{{Rg|}}}|Rh={{{Rh|}}}|Rn={{{Rn|}}}|Ru={{{Ru|}}}|S={{{S|}}}|Sb={{{Sb|}}}|Sc={{{Sc|}}}|Se={{{Se|}}}|Sg={{{Sg|}}}|Si={{{Si|}}}|Sm={{{Sm|}}}|Sn={{{Sn|}}}|Sr={{{Sr|}}}|Ta={{{Ta|}}}|Tb={{{Tb|}}}|Tc={{{Tc|}}}|Te={{{Te|}}}|Th={{{Th|}}}|Ti={{{Ti|}}}|Tl={{{Tl|}}}|Tm={{{Tm|}}}|Ts={{{Ts|}}}|U={{{U|}}}|V={{{V|}}}|W={{{W|}}}|Xe={{{Xe|}}}|Y={{{Y|}}}|Yb={{{Yb|}}}|Zn={{{Zn|}}}|Zr={{{Zr|}}} |fixed = {{{molecular_weight|}}}<!-- should be molar mass --> |round = {{{molecular_weight_round|}}} |unit = {{{molecular_weight_unit|}}} |ref = {{{molecular_weight_ref|}}} |comment = {{{molecular_weight_comment|}}} }}{{#ifeq:{{#invoke:String|find|source={{{molecular_weight|}}}|target=[^0-9.]|plain=false }}|0||{{main other|1=[[Category:Infobox-drug molecular-weight unexpected-character]]}}}} <!-- JMOL --> | label244 = 3D model (JSmol) | data244 = {{#ifeq:{{{Jmol|}}}{{{Jmol2|}}}|none||{{unbulleted list |1={{Infobox drug/formatJmol |ix_label={{{index_label|}}} |localJmol={{{Jmol|}}} |localSMILES={{{SMILES |{{{smiles|}}}}}} }} |2={{Infobox drug/formatJmol |ix_label={{{index2_label|}}} |localJmol={{{Jmol2|}}} |localSMILES={{{SMILES2|{{{smiles2|}}}}}} }} }}}} | label256 = Chirality | data256 = {{{chirality|}}} | label267 = Specific rotation | data267 = {{{specific_rotation|}}} <!-- physical data: --> | label271 = Ubucucike | data271 = {{#if:{{{density|}}} | {{{density}}}&nbsp;g/cm³}} {{{density_notes|}}} | label282= Ubushyuhe bwo gushonga | data282 = {{#if:{{{melting_point|}}}|{{convert|{{{melting_point|}}} {{#if:{{{melting_high|}}}|to {{{melting_high|}}}|}}|C|F}} }} {{{melting_notes|}}} | label293 = Ubushyuhe bwo kubira | data293 = {{#if:{{{boiling_point|}}}|{{convert|{{{boiling_point|}}} {{#if:{{{boiling_high|}}}|to {{{boiling_high|}}}|}}|C|F}} }} {{{boiling_notes|}}} | label304 = Gushonga mu mazi | data304 = {{#if:{{{solubility|}}} |{{{solubility}}}{{{sol_units|&nbsp;mg/mL (20&nbsp;°C)}}}}} | data318 = {{#if:{{{SMILES|{{{smiles|}}}}}}{{{SMILES2|{{{smiles2|}}}}}} | {{Collapsible list <!-- | expand=test_yes --> |liststyle=word-break:break-all; |title = [[Simplified molecular-input line-entry system|SMILES]] |1={{#if:{{{SMILES|}}}{{{smiles|}}}|<div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; font-size:11px; line-height:120%;">{{#if:{{{index_label|}}}|{{{index_label|}}}:&nbsp;}}{{{SMILES|{{{smiles|}}}}}}</div>}} |2={{#if:{{{SMILES2|{{{smiles2|}}}}}} |{{#if:{{{SMILES|{{{smiles|}}}}}}|<br/>}}<div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; font-size:11px; line-height:120%;">{{#if:{{{index2_label|}}}|{{{index2_label|}}}:&nbsp;}}{{{SMILES2|{{{smiles2|}}}}}}</div> }}}} }} | data319 = {{#if:{{{StdInChI|}}}{{{StdInChI2|}}}| {{Collapsible list <!-- | expand=test_yes --> |liststyle=word-break:break-all; |title=[[International Chemical Identifier|InChI]] |1={{#if:{{{StdInChI|}}} |<div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; font-size:11px; line-height:120%;">{{#if:{{{index_label|}}}|{{{index_label|}}}:&nbsp;}}InChI={{{StdInChI}}}{{{StdInChI_Ref|}}}{{#if:{{{StdInChI_comment|}}} |<br/>{{{StdInChI_comment}}} }}</div>}} |2={{#if:{{{StdInChIKey|}}} |<div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; font-size:11px; line-height:120%;">Key:{{{StdInChIKey}}}{{{StdInChIKey_Ref|}}}</div>}} |3={{#if:{{{StdInChI2|}}} |{{#if:{{{StdInChI|}}}{{{StdInChIKey|}}}|<br/>}}<div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; font-size:11px; line-height:120%;">{{#if:{{{index2_label|}}}|{{{index2_label|}}}:&nbsp;}}InChI={{{StdInChI2}}}{{{StdInChI2_Ref|}}}</div>}} |4={{#if:{{{StdInChIKey2|}}} |<div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; font-size:11px; line-height:120%;">Key:{{{StdInChIKey2}}}{{{StdInChIKey2_Ref|}}}</div>}} }}<!-- eo collapsible list -->}}<!-- eo data89 if:StdInChI --><!-- DATA PAGE ----- ----- ----- ----- --> | header320 = Data page | data321 = {{#if:{{{data_page|}}} |[[{{trim brackets|1={{{data_page|}}}}}]] |{{#ifexist:{{FULLPAGENAME}} (data page) |[[{{FULLPAGENAME}} (data page)]]}}}}<!-- VERIFICATIONS ----- ----- ----- ----- --> | below =<!-- -->{{#if:{{{Verifiedfields|}}}{{{verifiedrevid|}}} |{{#ifeq:{{{Verifiedfields|}}} |changed|<!-- -->{{nobold|1=&nbsp;^{{{cross|7}}{{tick|7}}}&nbsp;[[Wikipedia:WikiProject_Chemicals/Chembox_validation|(what is this?)]]}} |{{#if:{{{verifiedrevid|}}}}}|<!-- -->{{nobold|1=&nbsp;^{{{cross|7}}{{tick|7}}}&nbsp;[[Wikipedia:WikiProject_Chemicals/Chembox_validation|(what is this?)]]}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{verifiedrevid|}}}|{{nobold|1=&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="reflink plainlinks nourlexpansion">[{{fullurl:Special:ComparePages|rev1={{{verifiedrevid|}}}&page2={{urlencode:{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}}}}} (verify)]</span>}}}}}} | belowstyle = border-top:3px solid #ccc;padding-top:0.5em; }}<!-- END OF INFOBOX ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- Parameter check: -->{{#invoke:TemplatePar |check |template=Template:Infobox_drug |all= |opt= pronounce= pronounce_ref= pronounce_comment= ATC_prefix= ATC_suffix= ATC_supplemental= ATCvet= CAS_number_Ref= CAS_number= CAS_supplemental= ChEBI= ChEBI_Ref= ChEMBL_Ref= ChEMBL= ChemSpiderID= ChemSpiderID_Ref= chirality= class= DailyMedID= data_page= DrugBank_Ref= DrugBank= Drugs.com= duration_of_action= INN= INN_EMA= IUPAC_name= IUPHAR_ligand= KEGG_Ref= KEGG= MedlinePlus= NIAID_ChemDB= PDB_ligand= PubChemSubstance= PubChem= StdInChIKey_Ref= StdInChIKey= StdInChI_Ref= StdInChI_comment= StdInChI= UNII_Ref= UNII= DTXSID= Verifiedfields= Watchedfields= addiction_liability= alt2= altL= altR= alt= bioavailability= boiling_high= boiling_notes= boiling_point= captionLR= caption= caption2= charge= chemical_formula= chemical_formula_ref= chemical_formula_comment= class1= class2= class3= class4= class5= component1= component2= component3= component4= component5= density= density_notes= dependency_liability= drug_name= elimination_half-life= engvar= excretion= image2= imageL= imageR= image= Jmol= legal_AU= legal_BR= legal_CA= legal_DE= legal_EU= legal_NZ= legal_UK= legal_UN= legal_US= legal_AU_comment= legal_BR_comment= legal_CA_comment= legal_DE_comment= legal_UK_comment= legal_NZ_comment= legal_US_comment= legal_UN_comment= legal_EU_comment= legal_status= licence_CA= licence_EU= licence_US= license_CA= license_EU= license_US= mab_type= melting_high= melting_notes= melting_point= metabolism= metabolites= molecular_weight= molecular_weight_round= molecular_weight_unit= molecular_weight_ref= molecular_weight_comment= onset= pregnancy_AU= pregnancy_US= pregnancy_AU_comment= pregnancy_US_comment= pregnancy_category= protein_bound= routes_of_administration= SMILES= smiles= solubility= sol_units= source= specific_rotation= synonyms= target= tradename= type= vaccine_type= verifiedrevid= width2= widthL= widthR= width= AAN= BAN= JAN= USAN= <!-- Physiological (2017) -->source_tissues= target_tissues= receptors= agonists= antagonists= precursor= biosynthesis= <!-- Gene therapy (March 2018) -->gt_target_gene= gt_vector= gt_nucleic_acid_type= gt_editing_method= gt_delivery_method= <!-- depr Mar 2017, but removal here would be trivial: -->sec_combustion= <!-- unused, removed: InChI= InChIKey=; use StdInChI/Key because CheMoBot only checks these --> <!-- chem elements -->Ac=Ag=Al=Am=Ar=As=At=Au=B=Ba=Be=Bh=Bi=Bk=Br=C=Ca=Cd=Ce=Cf=Cl=Cm=Cn=Co=Cr=Cs=Cu= D=Db=Ds=Dy=Er=Es=Eu=F=Fe=Fl=Fm=Fr=Ga=Gd=Ge=H=He=Hf=Hg=Ho=Hs=I=In=Ir=K=Kr=La=Li=Lr=Lu=Lv= Mc=Md=Mg=Mn=Mo=Mt=N=Na=Nb=Nd=Ne=Nh=Ni=No=Np=O=Og=Os=P=Pa=Pb=Pd=Pm=Po=Pr=Pt=Pu=Ra=Rb=Re=Rf=Rg=Rh=Rn=Ru=S=Sb=Sc=Se=Sg=Si=Sm=Sn=Sr=Ta=Tb=Tc=Te=Th=Ti=Tl=Tm=Ts=U=V=W=Xe=Y=Yb=Zn=Zr= <!-- #2 identifiers (indexes): -->index_label= index2_label= index_comment= index2_comment= CAS_number2= CAS_supplemental2= ATC_prefix2= ATC_suffix2= ATC_supplemental2= PubChem2= PubChemSubstance2= IUPHAR_ligand2= DrugBank2= ChemSpiderID2= UNII2= KEGG2= ChEBI2= ChEMBL2= PDB_ligand2= NIAID_ChemDB2= SMILES2= smiles2= StdInChI2= StdInChIKey2= CAS_number2_Ref= ChEBI2_Ref= ChEMBL2_Ref= ChemSpiderID2_Ref= DrugBank2_Ref= KEGG2_Ref= StdInChI2_Ref= StdInChIKey2_Ref= UNII2_Ref= DTXSID2= <!-- Wikidata: -->QID= QID2= |cat=Chemical articles with unknown parameter in Infobox drug |format=0|errNS=0 |preview=<div class="error" style="font-weight:normal">@@@ (See [[Template:Infobox drug/doc/full parameter list|parameter list]]). This message only shows in Preview, it will not show after you do {{button|{{int:publishchanges}}}}.</div> }}<!-- --><!-- Tracking categories: -->{{Infobox drug/maintenance categories<!-- * Parameters starting with _underscore are internal constructs only, not straight article input --> | drug_name = {{{drug_name|}}} | INN = {{{INN|}}} | _drugtype = {{lc:{{{type|}}}}} <!-- drugtype detected by input (not by type=): --> | _has_physiological_data={{{sources|}}}{{{targets|}}}{{{receptors|}}}{{{agonists|}}}{{{antagonists|}}}{{{precursor|}}}{{{biosynthesis|}}}<!-- not metabolism, b/c can also be regular pharmacokinetic input --> | _has_gene_therapy={{{gt_target_gene|}}}{{{gt_vector|}}}{{{gt_nucleic_acid_type|}}}{{{gt_editing_method|}}}{{{gt_delivery_method|}}} <!-- for catsort: --> | vaccine_type={{{vaccine_type|}}} | mab_type={{{mab_type|}}} | _number_of_combo_chemicals=0 <!-- to check illogical input --> | _vaccine_data={{{vaccine_type|}}} | _mab_data={{{mab_type|}}}{{{source|}}} | _mab_vaccine_data={{{target|}}} | _mab_other_data=<!-- chem data -->{{{C|}}}{{{H|}}}{{{F|}}}{{{I|}}}{{{N|}}}{{{O|}}}{{{SMILES|}}}{{{smiles|}}}{{{chirality|}}}{{{specific_rotation|}}}{{{SMILES2|}}}{{{smiles2|}}}{{{StdInChI|}}}{{{StdInChI_comment|}}}{{{StdInChIKey|}}}{{{StdInChI_Ref|}}}{{{StdInChIKey_Ref|}}}{{{StdInChI2|}}}<!-- physical data -->{{{density|}}}{{{density_notes|}}}{{{melting_point|}}}{{{boiling_point|}}}{{{melting_high|}}}{{{boiling_high|}}}{{{solubility|}}}{{{molecular_weight|}}} | _combo_data={{{component1|}}}{{{component2|}}}{{{component3|}}}{{{component4|}}}{{{component5|}}}{{{class1|}}}{{{class2|}}}{{{class3|}}}{{{class4|}}}{{{class5|}}} | _physiological_data=<!-- physiological data input/ USED??? see also _physiological_data. March2018 -->{{{sources|}}}{{{targets|}}}{{{receptors|}}}{{{agonists|}}}{{{antagonists|}}}{{{precursor|}}}{{{biosynthesis|}}}<!-- not metabolism, b/c can also be regular pharmacokinetic input --> | _clinical_data=<!-- conflicts with physiological (endogenous) data -->{{{Drugs.com|}}}{{{MedlinePlus|}}}{{{PLLR|}}}{{{addiction_liability|}}}{{{dependency_liability|}}}{{{licence_CA|}}}{{{licence_EU|}}}{{{licence_US|}}}{{{license_CA|}}}{{{license_EU|}}}{{{license_US|}}}{{{DailyMedID|}}} {{{pregnancy_AU_comment|}}}{{{pregnancy_AU|}}}{{{pregnancy_US_comment|}}}{{{pregnancy_US|}}}{{{pregnancy_category|}}}{{{routes_of_administration|}}}{{{tradename|}}}{{{class|}}}{{{ATC_prefix|}}}{{{ATC_supplemental|}}}{{{ATC_prefix2|}}}{{{ATC_supplemental2|}}} | _legal_data=<!-- conflicts with physiological (endogeneous) data -->{{{legal_AU_comment|}}}{{{legal_AU|}}}{{{legal_BR_comment|}}}{{{legal_BR|}}}{{{legal_CA_comment|}}}{{{legal_CA|}}}{{{legal_DE_comment|}}}{{{legal_DE|}}}{{{legal_EU_comment|}}}{{{legal_EU|}}}{{{legal_NZ_comment|}}}{{{legal_NZ|}}}{{{legal_UK_comment|}}}{{{legal_UK|}}}{{{legal_UN_comment|}}}{{{legal_UN|}}}{{{legal_US_comment|}}}{{{legal_US|}}}{{{legal_status|}}} | _other_data={{{IUPAC_name|}}} | _image_0_or_2 = {{{image|}}}{{{image2|}}} | _image_LR = {{{imageL|}}}{{{imageR|}}} | _datapage = {{PAGENAME}} (data page)<!-- 3rd ifexist on this one? / TODO: could be set by param |data page= --> | _vaccine_target={{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{type|}}}}} | vaccine | {{{target|}}} | _type_not_vaccine }}<!-- vaccine with empty target = to maint cat; former question mark --> | _legal_all={{{legal_AU|}}}{{{legal_BR|}}}{{{legal_CA|}}}{{{legal_UK|}}}{{{legal_US|}}}{{{legal_UN|}}}{{{legal_EU|}}}{{{legal_status|}}} | _ATC_prefix_supplemental={{{ATC_prefix|}}}{{{ATC_supplemental|}}}<!-- together --> <!-- UNUSED FEB 2017 | _molmassHasNonstandardUnit ={{#invoke:String|match|s=_{{lc:{{{molecular_weight|}}}{{{molecular_weight_unit|}}} }} |pattern=%W[k]?Da |plain=false |nomatch=}}--> | _has_EMA_link = {{{licence_EU|}}}<!-- Identifiers tracked --> | CAS_number={{{CAS_number|}}} | PubChem={{{PubChem|}}} | ChemSpiderID={{{ChemSpiderID|}}} | ChEBI={{{ChEBI|}}} | ChEMBL={{{ChEMBL|}}} | DrugBank={{{DrugBank|}}} | KEGG={{{KEGG|}}} | _hasInChI_or_Key={{#if:{{{StdInChI|}}}{{{StdInChIKey|}}} |yes}} | UNII={{{UNII|}}} | _hasJmol02 = {{{Jmol|}}}{{{Jmol2|}}}<!-- Second IDs (see also: WD, QID2) --> |_hasMultipleCASnumbers = {{{CAS_number2|}}} |_hasMultiplePubChemCIDs = {{{PubChem2|}}} |_hasMultipleChEBIs = {{{ChEBI2|}}} | _countSecondIDs=0 | _countIndexlabels=0<!-- FEB2017 depr 2x the hard way: index0 index2 --><!-- MINOR TEMP TRACKING When param is not null, will be categorised in [[Category:Infobox drug tracked parameters]] Catsort under end letter; prio as listed here (top=article will show in 1st sortletter here, when double: article in first hit of *, Sortletter, A, Z) --> | _trackListAsterisk= | _trackListSortletter={{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{ChemSpiderID|}}}}}|na|_na_is_deprecated_value}}<!-- use 'none' --> | _trackSortletter=S <!-- when _trackListSortletter hits, then sorted under this letter. Do not use 'T' (reserved for drugtype error) --> | _trackListA= | _trackListZ= <!-- WIKIDATA --> |QID = {{{QID|}}} |QID2 = {{{QID2|}}} <!-- BOT VALIDATION --> |Verifiedfields={{{Verifiedfields|}}} |Watchedfields={{{Watchedfields|}}} |verifiedrevid={{{verifiedrevid|}}}<!-- -->}} <noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> n8zrjohx9x0g55no9lvxia4fyu05jbx 0 21062 148525 140149 2026-11-03T12:53:39Z Baraka official 17008 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|1 */ 148525 wikitext text/x-wiki '''RoboBraille''' ni serivise y'urubuga ndetsa na imeri ishoboye guhindura inyandiko muburyo butandukanye kandi bworoshye nka [[Inyandiko y'abafite ubumuga bwo kutabona(Braille)|Braille]], mp3, e-ibitabo na Daisy. Serivisi ishobora kandi gukoreshwa muguhindura ubundi buryo butagerwaho nkamashusho ya skaneri na dosiye [[PDF|ya pdf]] muburyo bworoshye. RoboBraille yatangiye gukora kuva mu mwaka wa 2004 kandi kuri ubu itanga ibyifuzo byabakoresha ibihumbi buri kwezi kubakoresha ku isi. Serivise iraboneka kubuntu kubantu kugiti cyabo, badakoresha ubucuruzi. Gukoresha ibigo byamasomo birahari binyuze muri [http://www.sensusaccess.com SensusAccess] . Serivisi ya RoboBraille yateguwe ku bufatanye n’ikigo [http://www.synref.dk cy’igihugu cya Danemark gishinzwe ubumuga bwo kutabona ku bana n’urubyiruko] hamwe [http://www.sensus.dk n’ibarura rya ApS] . RoboBraille iboneka kubuntu kubantu kurubuga rwa murandasi, ndetse nabadakoresha ubucuruzi kandi ntibakeneye kwiyandikisha kugirango bakoreshe serivisi. Gukoresha ubucuruzi muburyo ubwo aribwo bwose birabujijwe. Iterambere n'imikorere bya RoboBraille byatewe inkunga na Guverinoma ya Danemark, Komisiyo y’Uburayi ndetse n’imiryango yigenga. Amashyirahamwe menshi yagize uruhare mu iterambere rya serivisi ya RoboBraille harimo na Royal National College for Blind ifite icyicaro i Hanoford, [[Ubwongereza|mu Bwongereza]], [http://www.stjosephsvi.ie Ishuri rya St Joseph ry’abatabona], Irilande, Inama y’igihugu y’abatabona bo muri Irilande, Repubulika ya Irilande, Associazione Nazionale Subvedenti, [[Ubutaliyani]], CIDEF, [[Porutigali|Porutugali]], Hilfsgemeinschaft der Blinden und Sehschwachen [[Ositiriya|Öster]] [[Polonye|.]] w'impumyi n'abafite ubumuga bwo kutabona, [[Lituwaniya]], Ishyirahamwe Valentin Haüy, [[Ubufaransa|mu Bufaransa]], n'Umuryango Pancyprian w'impumyi, [[Shipure|Kupuro]]. Mu Gushyingo 2012, serivisi ya RoboBraille yahawe igihembo cya WISE 2012 na Qatar Foundation mu rwego rwo gushimira uruhare rwayo mu burezi butarangwamo inzitizi. Muri Mutarama 2010, serivisi za RoboBraille zabonye igihembo cyiza cya BETT. Iyi serivisi yabanje kubona igihembo cya BETT kubera igisubizo cyiza gikenewe mu burezi bwihariye (2010), Igihembo cya IT cyo Kwiga ku gisubizo cyiza cya eL kwiga (2009), Igihembo cy’igihugu cya eWell-Kuba “Kugera kuri Digitally Exclude” (2009), Igihembo cya Komisiyo y’Uburayi eInclusion Award for e-Accessibility Award (2008), Igihembo cya Well-Tech cyo gutanga udushya (Sosiyete Sosiyete Sosiyete Sosiyete Sosiyete Sosiyete Sosiyete Sosiyete Sosiyete Sosiyete Sosiyete Sosiyete Sosiyete Sosiyete Sosiyete Sosiyete Sosiyete Sosiyete Sosiyete Sosiyete Sosiyete Sosiyete Sosiyete). RoboBraille itanga ibyiciro bine byingenzi bya serivisi: # Serivise ya Braille: Guhindura no kuva muri Braille (yagiranye amasezerano, idasezeranye) mu kinyarigariya, Danemark, [[Icyongereza]] cy'Abongereza, Icyongereza cy'Abanyamerika, Hongiriya, Umutaliyani, [[Igifaransa]], Ikigereki, Ikidage, Isilande, Noruveje, Igipolonye, Igiporutugali, Ikiromani n'Icyesipanyoli. Ubwoko bwinyandiko zishyigikiwe zirimo dosiye zanditse (DOS na Windows), inyandiko za Microsoft Ijambo (doc, docx, Ijambo xml), inyandiko za HTML, dosiye ya rtf, tiff, gif, jpg, bmp, pcx, dcx, j2k, jp2, jpx, djv nubwoko bwose bwinyandiko za pdf. Mbere yuko inyandiko ya Braille isubizwa uyikoresha, irashobora guhindurwa mumiterere yihariye ya Braille yashizweho ukurikije igenamigambi ryabakoresha. Inyandiko zirashobora kandi gusubizwa muri Unicode Braille cyangwa igahinduka muburyo bw'inyandiko cyangwa PEF (Imiterere ya Portable Embosser). # Serivise zamajwi: Ubwoko bwinyandiko zose ziri mubice byabanjirije zishobora guhindurwa muri dosiye ya mp3. Byongeye kandi, RoboBraille irashoboye guhindura inyandiko Ijambo ryubatswe neza (doc, docx, xml) mubitabo bya Daisy Ibiganiro byuzuye byuzuye amajwi. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, RoboBraille irashobora guhindura inyandiko za docx zirimo imibare (yahimbwe muri MathType) mubitabo bya Daisy bifite imibare ivugwa. Serivisi zihindura amajwi muri iki gihe zirimo amajwi yo mu rwego rwo hejuru mu ndimi zikurikira: Icyarabu, Icyarabu / Icyongereza Indimi ebyiri, Buligariya, Danemark, Ikidage (Umugabo, Umugore), Icyongereza / Amerika, Icyongereza / Icyongereza, Igifaransa, Ikidage, Greenlandic, Hongiriya, Isilande, Ubutaliyani, Lituwaniya, Igipolonye, Igiporutugali, Ikiromani, Icyesipanyoli / Icyesipanyoli / Latine. # Serivisi za E-Igitabo: Ubwoko bwinyandiko nyinshi zavuzwe haruguru zishobora guhindurwa muburyo bwa e-book bukunzwe bwa EPUB na Mobi Pocket (Amazon Kindle). Serivisi kandi ishyigikira guhindura inyandiko muburyo bwa EPUB3, harimo ibitabo bya EPUB3 hamwe nibitangazamakuru byuzuye. Byongeye kandi, EPUB irashobora guhindurwa muri Mobi Pocket naho ubundi. Kugira ngo abakoresha bafite icyerekezo gike, umurongo shingiro winyandiko yumubiri muri e-book urashobora kuzamurwa kugirango habeho gupima inyandiko ikwiye mubasomyi ba e-bitabo. # Serivise zo kugerwaho: Ubundi inyandiko zitagerwaho nkamadosiye yishusho muri gif, tiff, jpg, bmp, pcx, dcx, j2k, jp2, jpx, djv na pdf yerekana amashusho gusa, kimwe nubwoko bwose bwamadosiye ya pdf arashobora guhindurwa muburyo bworoshye burimo pdf, doc, docx, Ijambo xml, xl, xl, xl Idosiye yijambo na rtf ihindurwa mumyandiko cyangwa yashizwemo dosiye ya pdf ukurikije imiterere yagenwe numukoresha kumurongo, urugero, txt cyangwa pdf. Idosiye ya PowerPoint ihindurwamo pdf, imishinga y'urubuga cyangwa dosiye ya rtf. Usibye imeri twakita nka gakondo, RoboBraille iboneka binyuze kumurongo wurubuga kuri http://www.robobraille.org/ . == Amateka == RoboBraille yahimbwe mu mwaka wa 2004 na Lars Ballieu Christensen, umuhanga mu bya mudasobwa na rwiyemezamirimo ndetse na Svend Thougaard, inzobere mu itangazamakuru. Sisitemu yakorewe mugihugu cya [[Danimarike]] ibifashijwemo na Royal National College for Blind ifite icyicaro i Hanoford, [[Ubwongereza|mu Bwongereza]]. Sisitemu yatangijwe muri Kamena 2006 kandi yegukanye igihembo cy’umushinga w’imishinga yo gutanga imisanzu mu Bwongereza mu Bwongereza mu <ref name="Robobraille">{{Cite news |date=4 January 2008 |title=College project scoops award |url=http://archive.thisisherefordshire.co.uk/2008/1/4/92465.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20100812075209/http://archive.thisisherefordshire.co.uk/2008/1/4/92465.html |archive-date=12 August 2010 |access-date=11 August 2010 |work=Hereford Times |publisher=Newsquest Media Ltd}}</ref> <ref name="Robobraille" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [http://www.robobraille.org/ Urubuga rwa RoboBraille] 3tt3p47suuocbbis0h4l4re5d1d11mb 0 21336 148778 146345 2026-11-03T15:44:30Z Score Beethoven 11559 148778 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Musical Artist | name = Little Simz | image = SimbiAjikawo-TIFF2025-01-Cropped.png | alt = | caption = Simz at the 2025 Toronto International Film Festival | birth_name = Simbiatu Abisola Abiola Ajikawo | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1994|02|23|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Islington]], London, England | alias = Simbi, Simz | occupation = {{hlist|Rapper|songwriter|actress}} | years_active = 2010–present | genre = [[British hip hop]] | label = {{hlist|Age 101 Music|[[AWAL]]}} | associated_acts = | website = {{URL|littlesimz.com}} | module = {{Infobox person|embed=yes | signature = Little Simz sig.svg | signature_size = 60px }} }} '''Simbiatu “Simbi” Abisola Abiola Ajikawo<ref>{{Cite web |title=BMI – Repertoire Search |url=http://repertoire.bmi.com/Catalog.aspx?detail=writerid&page=1&fromrow=1&torow=25&keyid=1543368&subid=0 |website=Repertoire.bmi.com |access-date=2025-11-22 |archive-date=2020-06-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200607131332/http://repertoire.bmi.com/Catalog.aspx?detail=writerid&page=1&fromrow=1&torow=25&keyid=1543368&subid=0 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Little Simz |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm3787576/ |access-date=2022-03-01 |website=IMDb |language=en}}</ref>''' (wavutse ku ya 23 Gashyantare 1994), <ref name=":1" /> Yamenyekanye cyane ku izina rye ryambere '''Little Simz,''' ni umwongerezakazi uririmbi injyana na rap hamwe numukinnyi wa filime. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=11 February 2022 |title=Little Simz's long path from council estate to Brit awards podium |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2022/feb/11/little-simzs-long-path-from-council-estate-to-brit-awards-podium |access-date=1 March 2022 |website=the Guardian |language=en}}</ref> Ni umuhanzikazi wamenyekanye cyane binyuze mu mizingo ye itatu ya mbere yakoze ku giti cye: '''Curious Tales of Trials + Persons (2015)''', '''Stillness in Wonderland (2016)''', na '''Gray Area (2019)'''. Uyu wa nyuma washyizwe ku rutonde rw’ibihembo bya '''Mercury Prize''', kandi utsindira ibihembo bya '''Ivor Novello''' mu cyiciro cya Alubumu Nziza, ndetse unabona intsinzi muri '''NME Awards'''. Alubumu ye ya kane, ''Rimwe na rimwe nshobora kuba intore'' (2021), <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ankrah |first=Veracia |date=1 December 2021 |title=Exclaim!'s 50 Best Albums of 2021 |url=https://exclaim.ca/music/article/best_albums_of_2021 |access-date=11 January 2022 |website=[[Exclaim!]]}} * {{Cite web |date=16 December 2021 |title=Clash Albums Of The Year 2021 |url=https://www.clashmusic.com/features/clash-albums-of-the-year-2021 |access-date=2022-02-11 |website=[[Clash (magazine)|Clash]]}} * {{Cite news |last=McCormick |first=Neil |date=17 December 2021 |title=The 10 best albums of 2021 |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/music/what-to-listen-to/10-best-albums-2021/ |access-date=11 February 2022 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]] |language=en-GB |issn=0307-1235}} * {{Cite web |date=22 December 2021 |title=The 40 best albums of 2021 |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/features/albums-of-the-year-2021-b1978598.html |access-date=11 February 2022 |website=[[The Independent]] |language=en}} * {{Cite web |title=The Best Albums of 2021 Ranked |url=https://www.thelineofbestfit.com/features/articles/best-albums-2021-ranked |access-date=11 February 2022 |website=[[The Line of Best Fit]] |language=en}}</ref> Yakunzwe cyane n’inzobere mu muziki, kandi ibinyamakuru bitandukanye byayigaragaje nk’iyo hejuru mu 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 October 2022 |title=Mercury Prize: Rapper Little Simz wins album of the year award |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-63296907 |access-date=18 October 2022 |website=BBC News |language=en}}</ref> Iyi alubumu yegukanye igihembo cya '''Mercury Prize 2022''',<ref>{{Cite news |last=Madden |first=Emma |date=1 September 2021 |title=Little Simz's Big Moment |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/09/01/arts/music/little-simzs-introvert.html |access-date=1 March 2022 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> inatuma nyirayo ahabwa '''Brit Award y’Umuhanzi mushya w’umwaka 2022''' ndetse na '''Libera Award yo muri Hip-Hop/Rap.<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 November 2022 |title=Little Simz on the power of being true to who you are: 'How I choose to present myself is up to me' |url=https://www.glamourmagazine.co.uk/article/little-sims-interview |access-date=1 March 2022 |website=Glamour UK |language=en-GB}}</ref>''' Album ye gatanu, <nowiki><i id="mwQQ">Oya Urakoze</i></nowiki> (2022), yasohotse kugirango ashimwe. Mu 2024, yagaragaye ku ndirimbo " Turasenga " ya Coldplay, ari kumwe na Burna Boy, Elyanna, na Tini. Alubumu ye ya gatandatu ya studio, ''Lotus'', yasohotse ku ya 6 Kamena 2025. Hanze yumuziki, Ajikawo yakinnye muri Netflix yububyutse ikinamico ''Top Boy''. Yagaragaye kandi nka we muri filime ''Venom: Reka habeho ubwicanyi'' (2021). == Ubuzima bwo hambere == Ajikawo yavukiye Islington, London, ku babyeyi ba Nigeriya. <ref name=":2"/> Yakuriye mu isambu hamwe na bashiki be bakuru. <ref name="Guardian1">{{Cite news |last=Aroesti |first=Rachel |date=11 February 2022 |title=Little Simz's long path from council estate to Brit awards podium |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2022/feb/11/little-simzs-long-path-from-council-estate-to-brit-awards-podium |access-date=12 February 2022 |work=[[The Guardian]]}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFAroesti2022">Aroesti, Rachel (11 February 2022). [https://www.theguardian.com/music/2022/feb/11/little-simzs-long-path-from-council-estate-to-brit-awards-podium "Little Simz's long path from council estate to Brit awards podium"]. ''[[The Guardian]]''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite></ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=8 January 2020 |title=Little Simz |url=https://notion.online/little-simz/ |access-date=23 December 2020 |website=Notion |language=en-GB}}</ref> <ref name="Red Bull">{{Cite web |last=Ekanayake |first=Manu |date=10 December 2016 |title=Who is… Little Simz? |url=http://www.redbull.com/gb-en/little-simz-need-to-know-interview |access-date=14 January 2017 |website=Red Bull}}</ref> Nyina na we yari umurezi mu bwana bwe. <ref name="Guardian1" /> Ni ubwoko bwa Yoruba. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Day |first=Peter |date=26 April 2023 |title=Rap virtuoso Little Simz says "No thank you" to exploitive record companies on her new album |url=https://www.wyso.org/arts-culture/2023-04-26/rap-virtuoso-little-simz-says-no-thank-you-to-exploitive-record-companies-on-her-new-album |access-date=27 March 2024 |publisher=[[WYSO]] |quote=[...]and Yoruba background,[...]}}</ref> Yize mu ishuri rya Highbury Fields i Londres kandi yiga no mu rubyiruko rw’urubyiruko rwa St Mary mu Muhanda wo hejuru, Islington, ari kumwe na Leona Lewis na Alexandra Burke. Ajikawo yashimiye Club y'urubyiruko ya Mary uruhare yagize mu mwuga we, avuga ko ari "ahantu byose byatangiriye kuri njye home inzu ya kabiri". <ref name="Guardian1"/> Nyuma Ajikawo yize muri Westminster Kingsway College na kaminuza ya West London <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 March 2019 |title=Little Simz Turned Confusion into Her Bravest Work So Far |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/little-simz-grey-area-interview-2019/ |access-date=2022-03-06 |website=Vice.com |language=en}}</ref> aho yakomereje umwuga we wa muzika. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Double MOBO nominations – Westminster Kingsway College |url=http://www.westking.ac.uk/news/double-mobo-nominations-former-westminster-kingsway-college-student/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170318091912/http://www.westking.ac.uk/news/double-mobo-nominations-former-westminster-kingsway-college-student/ |archive-date=18 March 2017 |access-date=17 March 2017}}</ref> == Ubuhanzi == Asobanura umuziki we nka rap nubushakashatsi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC Introducing and AIF presents...Lil Simz |url=http://www.wikifestivals.com/content/bbc-introducing-and-aif-presentslil-simz |access-date=22 April 2013 |publisher=Wikifestivals.com}}</ref> Mu gihe afitanye isano rya hafi n’ubwoko bwa grime, yanakuye imbaraga mu zindi njyana zirimo reggae, blues, synth-rock na jazzy R&B. <ref name="Guardian12">{{Cite news |last=Aroesti |first=Rachel |date=11 February 2022 |title=Little Simz's long path from council estate to Brit awards podium |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2022/feb/11/little-simzs-long-path-from-council-estate-to-brit-awards-podium |access-date=12 February 2022 |work=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> Ajikawo yakuze yumva abahanzi ba rap Busta Rhymes, Nas na Biggie Smalls, byamuteye gukora umwuga wo gufata rap. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Madden |first=Emma |date=1 August 2021 |title=Little Simz's Big Moment |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/09/01/arts/music/little-simzs-introvert.html |access-date=19 January 2023 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> yakunze kuvugwa nkimwe mubintu byamugizeho ingaruka. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Little Simz |url=https://brickthemag.com/blogs/archive/little-simz |access-date=19 January 2023 |website=BRICK |language=en |archive-date=23 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240423175712/https://brickthemag.com/blogs/archive/little-simz |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 March 2019 |title=Little Simz interview: 'If you get offended by me, that's on you' |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/features/little-simz-interview-rapper-new-album-grey-area-chronixx-lauryn-hill-a8803316.html |access-date=19 February 2023 |website=The Independent |language=en}}</ref> Ajikawo yagize ati "Ndatekereza ko ''Miseducation ya Lauryn Hill'' yari amashuri yanjye rwose. Lauryn Hill yari umwe mu bahanzi ba mbere batumye numva imbaraga z'umuziki." <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Gentlewoman – Little Simz |url=https://thegentlewoman.co.uk/library/little-simz |access-date=19 February 2023 |website=thegentlewoman.co.uk |language=en}}</ref> Yakuye kandi imbaraga ku bahanzi ba jazz Nina Simone, John Coltrane na Billie Holiday kuri alubumu ye ''Rimwe na rimwe nshobora kuba intore''. Ibindi byamuteye inkunga harimo ikigirwamana cye Kendrick Lamar, wamwitaga "umuntu mubi ubikora ubu" mu <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 June 2015 |title=MistaJam Speaks To Kendrick Lamar |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eZsK8mw4VzM |publisher=BBC Radio 1Xtra |via=YouTube}}</ref> == Umwuga == === Umuziki === ==== 2015–2017: Intangiriro yumwuga ''nigitekerezo cyamatsiko yikigeragezo + Abantu'' no ''gutuza muri Wonderland'' ==== [[Dosiye:Little_Simz,_Seat_Village_stage_5.jpg|thumb|Gito Simz kuri Primavera Ijwi 2019]] [[Dosiye:Little_Simz_-_Openair_Frauenfeld_2019_05.jpg|thumb|Gito Simz ikora muri 2019]] Ajikawo yakoreye ibitaramo muri Rising Tide, iluvlive, Gufata Inganda (Iterambere ry’imijyi) Ingoma ya Hackney, <ref>{{Cite web |date=n.d. |title=Radio 1's Hackney Weekend 2012 – Acts – Lil Simz |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/events/e9wmxj/acts/a336v2 |access-date=22 April 2013 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> Inzu ya Somerset n'inzu ya ba nyagasani. <ref>{{Cite web |date=n.d. |title=Single of The Week: Lil Simz – Eastern Jam (Freestyle) &#124; MOBO Awards |url=http://mobo.com/news-blogs/single-of-the-week-lil-simz-eastern-jam-freestyle |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151002103057/http://mobo.com/news-blogs/single-of-the-week-lil-simz-eastern-jam-freestyle |archive-date=2 October 2015 |access-date=22 April 2013 |publisher=Mobo.com}}</ref> Yakinnye kandi muri BBC 1Xtra Prom 2015 muri Royal Albert Hall, ari kumwe na orchestre yuzuye iyobowe na Jules Buckley. <ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC Radio 3 – BBC Proms, 2015 Season, 1Xtra Prom – Credits |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b065yp93#credits |website=BBC}}</ref> Ajikawo arashobora kumvikana kuri ''Leave to Remain'' amashusho yindirimbo, akora indirimbo "Kureka Nukwo". <ref name="leave2remainlil">{{Cite web |date=4 December 2012 |title=Production Blog 2: Lil Simz |url=http://www.leave2remain.org/2012/11/production-blog-2-lil-simz/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130415061741/http://www.leave2remain.org/2012/11/production-blog-2-lil-simz/ |archive-date=15 April 2013 |access-date=22 April 2013 |publisher=Leave2remain.org }}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">. Leave2remain.org. 4 December 2012. Archived from on 15 April 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 April</span> 2013</span>.</cite></ref> Mu ntangiriro za 2013, yagaragaye kuri Radiyo BBC 1Xtra kugira ngo aganire ku mikorere ye muri weekend ya Hackney. <ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC Radio 1Xtra – Adele Roberts, Little Simz comes by for a Brew 4 Two |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b01rft58 |website=BBC}}</ref> Ajikawo yagiye gukora isomo rya Maida Vale kuri Huw Stephens. Yashyize ahagaragara alubumu ye ya mbere muri studio, ''Amatsiko Y’ibigeragezo + Abantu'', ku ya 18 Nzeri 2015. ==== 2018–2021: ''Agace keza'', ''Kamanuka 6'' kandi ''Rimwe na rimwe nshobora kuba intore'' ==== Ajikawo asohora umuziki we ''kumyaka ye bwite yumuziki 101'' Yanditseho umuziki hamwe na AWAL Recordings. <ref name="Guardian1"/> Ku ya 6 Nzeri 2018, Ajikawo na label ye AGE 101 basinyanye amasezerano n’isi yose na AWAL Recordings, <ref>{{Cite web |title=AWAL Announces Worldwide Partnership Deal With Little Simz |url=https://www.awal.com/press/announces-worldwide-partnership-little-simz |access-date=23 July 2021 |website=AWAL |language=en |archive-date=8 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211008132724/https://www.awal.com/press/announces-worldwide-partnership-little-simz |url-status=dead }}</ref> nyuma yuko AWAL imaze gukwirakwiza alubumu ye ya mbere yise "Amatsiko y’amatsiko y’ibigeragezo + abantu" mu 2015. Aya masezerano yongerewe ku ya 18 Kamena 2020. <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 June 2020 |title=AWAL renews worldwide partnership with British rapper Little Simz |url=https://www.musicbusinessworldwide.com/awal-renews-worldwide-partnership-with-british-rapper-little-simz/ |access-date=23 July 2021 |website=Music Business Worldwide |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Ajikawo aba i Londres. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Segalov |first=Michael |date=15 December 2019 |title=Sunday with Little Simz: 'I want to be inside and cosy' |url=http://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2019/dec/15/sunday-with-little-simz-rapper-i-want-to-be-inside-and-cosy |access-date=23 December 2020 |website=The Guardian |language=en}}</ref> Ni inshuti yo mu bwana bwumukinnyi Fady Elsayed numukinnyi wa filime Letitia Wright. <ref name="Guardian1"/> Ajikawo na Wright bakomeje kuba inshuti nziza kandi Ajikawo yafotoye Wright kubera ibihangano by'indirimbo ye yise "Kwikunda" mu mwaka wa <ref name="Guardian1" /> <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 December 2019 |title=The 20 best songs of 2019 |url=https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20191220-the-20-best-songs-of-2019 |access-date=2023-11-25 |website=Bbc.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Dash |first=Danielle |date=24 December 2019 |title=There's No Stopping Simbi |url=https://trenchtrenchtrench.com/features/little-simz-interview-1 |access-date=19 February 2022 |website=Trenchtrenchtrench.com}}</ref> Ajikawo numufana wa Arsenal FC <ref>{{Cite web |title=Instagram |url=https://www.instagram.com/littlesimz/p/DJCqN4Giqjm/ |access-date=2025-05-13 |website=www.instagram.com}}</ref> Muri 2018 inshuti ye, umunyamideli Harry Uzoka, yarishwe, byamuteye inkunga yo kwandika indirimbo ye "Ibikomere". <ref>{{Cite news |last=Mohdin |first=Aamna |date=21 September 2018 |title=Model jailed for murdering fashion rival in row over girlfriend |url=http://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2018/sep/21/model-george-koh-jailed-for-murdering-fashion-rival-harry-uzoka-in-row-over-girlfriend |access-date=23 December 2020 |work=The Guardian |language=en}}</ref> == Gukina == Umwuga we wo gukina wa Ajikawo watangiriye akina ari Vicky mu kiganiro cy’abana ba BBC cyitwa <nowiki><i id="mwAgQ">Spirit Warriors</i></nowiki>, cyatangajwe mu mwaka wa 2010, <ref>{{Cite web |date=3 June 2009 |title=Bo and the Spirit World casting news |url=https://screenterrier.blogspot.com/2009/05/bo-and-spirit-world-casting-news.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708063014/http://screenterrier.blogspot.com/2009/05/bo-and-spirit-world-casting-news.html |archive-date=8 July 2011 |access-date=1 December 2010 |publisher=ScreenTerrier}}</ref> ndetse na Meleka muri televiziyo ya E4 ''Youngers''. <ref name="leave2remainlil"/> Yavugaga kuri televiziyo ''Afrofuturism'', <ref>{{Cite news |date=2 April 2019 |title=Top Boy series three trailer: Dave and Little Simz join cast |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/newsbeat-47784979 |access-date=20 August 2019 |work=BBC News}}</ref> na Shelley mu isubukurwa rya Netflix rya ''Top'' ''Boy'', ryerekanwe bwa mbere mu mpeshyi ya 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Newstead |first=Al |date=1 October 2023 |title=So... Little Simz features in the new Venom movie at a "coming out" rave |url=https://www.abc.net.au/triplej/news/little-simz-features-new-venom-movie-coming-out-rave-tom-hardy/13566740 |access-date=4 July 2023 |website=triple j |language=en-AU}}</ref> == Ubucukumbuzi == Album za studio * ''Amatsiko Yamatsiko Yibigeragezo + Abantu'' (2015) * ''Gutuza muri Wonderland'' (2016) * ''Agace k'imvi'' (2019) * ''Rimwe na rimwe nshobora kuba intore'' (2021) * ''Oya Urakoze'' (2022) * ''Lotusi'' (2025) == Ingendo == * IMYAKA101 SHAKA ISI (2015) * Murakaza neza kuri Wonderland (2017–2018) * Urugendo rw'akarere keza (2019) * Rimwe na rimwe nshobora kuba intore (2021) * NTA MURAKOZE (2023) * Lotusi (2025) == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable sortable" |+Filime & Televiziyo ! Umwaka ! Umutwe ! Uruhare ! class="unsortable" | Inyandiko |- | 2010 | ''Abarwanyi b'Umwuka'' | Vicky | Urukurikirane rwa BBC |- | 2012 | ''Indwara'' | Abakekwaho urubyiruko kuri Gariyamoshi (Lil Simz) | |- | 2013 | ''Nyamwasa'' | Meleka | E4 urukurikirane |- | 2019–2023 | ''Umuhungu wo hejuru'' | Shelley | Urukurikirane rwa Netflix |- | 2021 | ''Venom: Reka habeho ubwicanyi'' | We ubwe <ref>{{Cite web |last=Newstead |first=Al |date=1 October 2021 |title=So... Little Simz features in the new Venom movie at a "coming out" rave |url=https://www.abc.net.au/triplej/news/musicnews/little-simz-features-new-venom-movie-coming-out-rave-tom-hardy/13566740 |access-date=10 October 2021 |website=triple j |language=en}}</ref> | Cameo |- | 2023 | ''Imbaraga'' | Adunola | Uruhare rusubirwamo |- | 2024 | ''RM: Abantu beza, Ahantu habi'' | We ubwe <ref>{{Cite web |last=Daly |first=Rhian |date=6 December 2024 |title=‘RM: Right People, Wrong Place’ review: a deep dive into the BTS rapper’s sublime second solo album |url=https://www.nme.com/reviews/film-reviews/rm-right-people-wrong-place-review-bts-3819540 |website=[[NME]] |language=en}}</ref> | Filime ya documentaire |- | 2025 | ''Steve'' | Shola | |} == Ibihembo naho yatoranyijwe == {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="width:95%;" ! style="width:21%;" |Award ! width="3%" |Year ! style="width:25%;" |Category ! style="width:29%;" |Nominated work ! style="width:8%;" |Result ! style="width:3%;" |Ref. |- ! rowspan="7" scope="row" |AIM Independent Music Awards |2016 |Independent Album of the Year |''A Curious Tale Of Trials + Persons'' | {{won}} | rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gumble |first=Daniel |date=2 August 2016 |title=AIM Awards 2016 shortlist revealed |url=https://www.musicweek.com/talent/read/aim-awards-2016-shortlist-revealed/065541 |access-date=27 October 2021 |website=Music Week}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" |2017 |Best Second Album |''Stillness in Wonderland'' | {{nom}} | rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Paine |first=Andre |date=8 August 2017 |title=2017 AIM Awards nominations revealed |url=https://www.musicweek.com/labels/read/2017-aim-awards-nominations-revealed/069401 |access-date=27 October 2021 |website=Music Week}}</ref> |- |Hardest Working Band or Artist |Herself | {{nom}} |- | rowspan="3" |2019 |Best Independent Track |"Selfish" | {{nom}} | rowspan="3" style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 July 2019 |title=AIM Independent Music Awards 2019 – The Nominees |url=https://www.propermusicgroup.com/2019/07/aim-independent-music-awards-2019-the-nominees/ |access-date=27 October 2021 |website=Proper Music Group}}</ref> |- |Best Independent Album |''Grey Area'' | {{nom}} |- |Pioneer Award |Herself | {{won}} |- |2023 |Best Independent Album |''No Thank You'' | {{nom}} | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Carter |first=Daisy |date=19 July 2023 |title=AIM Awards Announce 2023 Nominees List, Including Raye, Little Simz And Ezra Collective |url=https://diymag.com/news/aim-awards-announce-2023-nominees-including-raye-little-simz-ezra-collective |access-date=23 July 2023 |website=[[DIY (magazine)|DIY]]}}</ref> |- ! rowspan="1" scope="row" |BBC Radio 1 |2021 |Hottest Record of the Year |"Introvert" |{{nom}} | rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC Radio 1 - Radio 1's Future Sounds with Clara Amfo - Radio 1's Hottest Record of the Year 2021 - Vote for your favourite! |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/articles/LzRtNrs5gtFJWKJQV1KZzQ/radio-1s-hottest-record-of-the-year-2021-vote-for-your-favourite |access-date=7 December 2021 |website=BBC |language=en-GB}}</ref> |- ! rowspan="1" scope="row" |Berlin Music Video Awards |2022 |Best Art Director |"Woman" |{{Nominated}} | |- ! rowspan="1" scope="row" |BET Awards |2022 |Best International Act |Herself | {{nom}} | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cummings-Grady |first=Mackenzie |date=2022-06-01 |title=BET Awards 2022 Nominees Revealed: Drake, Kendrick Lamar, and More {{!}} Complex |url=https://www.complex.com/music/2022-bet-award-nominations |access-date=2022-06-02 |website=Complex}}</ref> |- ! rowspan="1" scope="row" |BET Hip Hop Awards |2021 |Best International Flow |Herself | {{won}} | rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=2021 BET Hip Hop Awards: The Full Winners List [Live Updating] |url=https://www.bet.com/article/df3eez/2021-bet-hip-hop-awards-the-full-winners-list |access-date=6 October 2021 |website=BET.com |archive-date=1 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240301204638/https://www.bet.com/article/df3eez/2021-bet-hip-hop-awards-the-full-winners-list |url-status=dead}}</ref> |- ! rowspan="7" scope="row" |Brit Awards | rowspan="4" |2022 |British Artist of the Year | rowspan="3" |Herself | {{nom}} | rowspan="4" style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=BRIT Awards 2022 nominations in full: Adele, Dave, Ed Sheeran and Little Simz lead with four each |url=https://www.officialcharts.com/chart-news/brit-awards-2022-nominations-in-full-adele-dave-ed-sheeran-and-little-simz-lead-with-four-each__34736/ |access-date=18 December 2021 |website=Official Charts}}</ref> |- |Best New Act | {{won}} |- |Best Hip Hop/Rap/Grime Act | {{nom}} |- | rowspan="2" |British Album of the Year |''Sometimes I Might Be Introvert'' | {{nom}} |- | rowspan="3" |2024 |''No Thank You'' |{{nominated}} | rowspan="3" align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Brit Awards nominations 2024: The full list of artists, songs and albums up for awards this year |url=https://news.sky.com/story/brit-awards-nominations-2024-the-full-list-of-artists-songs-and-albums-up-for-awards-this-year-13055465 |access-date=24 January 2024 |website=Sky News}}</ref> |- |British Artist of the Year | rowspan="2" |Herself |{{nominated}} |- |Best Hip Hop/Grime/Rap Act |{{nominated}} |- ! rowspan="1" scope="row" |Hollywood Independent Music Awards |2024 |Adult Contemporary Hip Hop |"Gorilla" |{{Nominated}} | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=2024 Nominations Table &#124; Hollywood Independent Music Awards |url=https://himawards.com/2024-nominations-table/ |access-date=3 September 2024 |website=Himawards.com}}</ref> |- ! rowspan="1" scope="row" |IMPALA Awards |2019 |Album of the Year |''Grey Area'' | {{nom}} | style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="IMPALA19">{{Cite web |date=30 January 2020 |title=22 Nominees Shortlisted For Impala's European Independent Album Of The Year Award |url=https://www.impalamusic.org/22-nominees-shortlisted-for-impalas-european-independent-album-of-the-year-award/ |access-date=February 6, 2024 |website=Impalamusic.org}}</ref> |- ! rowspan="4" scope="row" |Ivor Novello Awards |2020 | rowspan="2" |Best Album |''Grey Area'' | {{won}} | rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Skinner |first=Tom |date=2 September 2020 |title=Little Simz and Dave among winners at Ivor Novello Awards 2020 |url=https://www.nme.com/news/music/little-simz-and-dave-among-winners-of-ivor-novello-awards-2020-2743540 |access-date=17 September 2021 |website=[[NME]]}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" |2022 |''Sometimes I Might Be Introvert'' | {{nom}} | rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Smith |first=Carl |date=7 April 2022 |title=Ivor Novello Awards 2022: Adele, Ed Sheeran, Dave and Inflo lead list of nominations |url=https://www.officialcharts.com/chart-news/ivor-novello-awards-2022-adele-ed-sheeran-dave-and-inflo-lead-list-of-nominations__35678/ |access-date=18 April 2022 |website=Official Charts}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Rhian |first=Daly |date=19 May 2022 |title=Sam Fender, Dave, Little Simz and more win at The Ivors 2022 |url=https://www.nme.com/news/music/sam-fender-dave-little-simz-more-win-the-ivors-2022-3229592 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220520041132/https://www.nme.com/news/music/sam-fender-dave-little-simz-more-win-the-ivors-2022-3229592 |archive-date=20 May 2022 |access-date=21 May 2022 |work=[[NME]] |language=en-GB}}</ref> |- |Best Contemporary Song |"I Love You, I Hate You" | {{won}} |- |2023 |Best Album |''No Thank You'' | {{nom}} | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dunworth |first=Liberty |date=19 April 2023 |title=Arctic Monkeys, Florence + The Machine, Harry Styles lead 2023 Ivor Novello nominations |url=https://www.nme.com/news/music/arctic-monkeys-florence-the-machine-harry-styles-lead-2023-ivor-novello-nominations-3432545 |access-date=19 April 2023 |website=[[NME]]}}</ref> |- ! rowspan="2" scope="row" |Libera Awards |2021 |Best Hip-Hop/Rap Record |''Drop 6'' |{{nom}} | rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;" | |- |2022 |Best Hip-Hop/Rap Record |''Sometimes I Might Be Introvert'' | {{won}} | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Aswad |first=Jem |date=23 March 2022 |title=Japanese Breakfast, Jason Isbell, Arlo Parks Lead Indie-Music Collective A2IM's 2022 Libera Awards Nominees |url=https://variety.com/2022/music/news/japanese-breakfast-indie-a2im-2022-libera-awards-1235212419/ |access-date=25 March 2022 |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}</ref> |- ! rowspan="2" scope="row" |Mercury Prize |2019 | rowspan="2" |Album of the Year |''Grey Area'' | {{nom}} | rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Edelstone |first=Steven |last2=Manno |first2=Lizzie |date=25 July 2019 |title=2019 Mercury Prize Nominations Announced: Predictions, Snubs and More |url=https://www.pastemagazine.com/articles/2019/07/mercury-prize-2019.html |access-date=29 July 2019 |work=Paste Magazine}}</ref> |- |2022 |''Sometimes I Might Be Introvert'' | {{won}} | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Singh |first=Surej |date=2022-07-26 |title=Mercury Prize 2022 shortlist revealed |url=https://www.nme.com/news/music/mercury-prize-2022-shortlist-nominations-3277014 |work=[[NME]]}}</ref> |- ! rowspan="14" scope="row" |MOBO Awards | rowspan="2" |2017 |Best Female Act | rowspan="2" |Herself | {{nom}} | rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 October 2017 |title=2017 MOBO Awards Nominations Announced! |url=https://www.mobo.com/news/2017-mobo-awards-nominations-announced |access-date=17 September 2021 |website=Mobo.com}}</ref> |- |Best Hip Hop Act | {{nom}} |- |2020 |Best Album (2017–2019) |''Grey Area'' | {{nom}} | rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 November 2020 |title=MOBO Awards 2020: See The Full List Of Nominees! |url=http://mobo.com/news/mobo-awards-2020-see-full-list-nominees |access-date=17 September 2021 |website=MOBO}}</ref> |- | rowspan="3" |2021 |Best Female Act | rowspan="2" |Herself |{{won}} | rowspan="3" style="text-align:center;" |<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=The MOBO Awards Announce Their 2021 Nominees {{!}} MOBO Organisation |url=https://mobo.com/news/mobo-awards-announce-their-2021-nominees |access-date=7 December 2021 |website=mobo.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=5 December 2021 |title=Mobo awards 2021: Dave, Little Simz and Ghetts top winners |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2021/dec/05/mobo-awards-2021-dave-little-simz-and-ghetts-top-winners |access-date=7 December 2021 |website=the Guardian |language=en}}</ref> |- |Best Hip Hop Act |{{nom}} |- |Video of the Year |"Woman" |{{nom}} |- | rowspan="4" |2022 |Album of the Year |''Sometimes I Might Be Introvert'' | {{won}} | rowspan="4" style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Skinner |first=Tony |date=11 November 2022 |title=MOBOs 2022: Nova Twins, Little Simz and FKA twigs among nominees |url=https://www.nme.com/news/music/check-out-the-nominees-for-the-mobo-awards-2022-3347586 |access-date=10 December 2022 |website=[[NME]]}}</ref><br /><br /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Krol |first=Charlotte |date=1 December 2022 |title=MOBO Awards 2022: Little Simz, Knucks, Central Cee, PinkPantheress and Jamal Edwards among winners |url=https://www.nme.com/news/music/mobo-awards-2022-little-simz-knucks-central-cee-pinkpantheress-and-jamal-edwards-among-winners-3358838 |access-date=10 December 2022 |website=[[NME]]}}</ref> |- |Best Female Act | rowspan="2" |Herself | {{nom}} |- |Best Hip-Hop Act | {{nom}} |- |Video of the Year |"Point and Kill" {{Small|(featuring Obongjayar)}} | {{nom}} |- | rowspan="4" |2023 |Album of the Year |''No Thank You'' | {{nominated}} | rowspan="4" align="center" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Beaumont-Thomas |first=Ben |date=14 December 2023 |title=Little Simz and Stormzy top 2024 Mobo award nominations |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2023/dec/14/little-simz-and-stormzy-top-2024-mobo-award-nominations |access-date=14 December 2023 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> |- |Best Female Act | rowspan="2" |Herself | {{nominated}} |- |Best Hip Hop Act | {{won}} |- |Video of the Year |"Gorilla" | {{nominated}} |- ! rowspan="1" scope="row" |MTV Europe Music Awards |2023 |Best Video |"Gorilla" |{{nom}} | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Skinner |first=Tom |date=4 October 2023 |title=MTV EMAs 2023 nominations revealed |url=https://www.nme.com/news/music/mtv-emas-2023-nominations-revealed-3509145 |access-date=5 October 2023 |website=NME}}</ref> |- ! rowspan="7" scope="row" |NME Awards | rowspan="2" |2020 |Best British Album | rowspan="2" |''Grey Area'' | {{won}} | rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=NME Awards 2020 Winners |url=https://www.nme.com/awards/winners |access-date=1 August 2021 |website=[[NME]]}}</ref> |- |Best Album in the World | {{nom}} |- | rowspan="5" |2022 |Best Album in the World | rowspan="2" |''Sometimes I Might Be Introvert'' | {{nom}} | rowspan="5" style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Trendell |first=Andrew |date=27 January 2022 |title=BandLab NME Awards 2022: Full list of nominations revealed |url=https://www.nme.com/news/music/bandlab-nme-awards-2022-full-list-of-nominations-3147154 |access-date=27 January 2022 |website=[[NME]]}}</ref> |- |Best Album by a UK Artist | {{nom}} |- |Best Solo Act in the World | rowspan="3" |Herself | {{nom}} |- |Best Solo Act from the UK | {{won}} |- |Best Live Act | {{nom}} |- ! rowspan="1" scope="row" |South African Hip Hop Awards |2021 |Best International Act |Herself |{{nom}} | rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Shumba |first=Ano |date=3 November 2021 |title=SA Hip Hop Awards 2021: All the nominees {{!}} Music In Africa |url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/sa-hip-hop-awards-2021-all-nominees |access-date=3 November 2021 |publisher=Music In Africa}}</ref> |- ! rowspan="22" scope="row" |UK Music Video Awards |2018 |Best Dance Video - UK |"Garage Palace" <small>(with Gorillaz)</small> | {{nom}} | rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 September 2018 |title=UK Music Video Awards 2018: all the nominations! |url=https://www.promonews.tv/news/2018/09/27/uk-music-video-awards-2018-all-nominations/55245 |access-date=17 September 2021 |website=Promonews.tv |language=en}}</ref> |- | rowspan="5" |2021 |Best Hip Hop / Grime / Rap Video - UK | rowspan="3" |"Introvert" |{{nom}} | rowspan="5" style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=UK Music Video Awards 2021: all the nominations for this year's UKMVAs {{!}} News {{!}} Promonews |url=https://www.promonews.tv/news/2021/09/29/uk-music-video-awards-2021-all-nominations-years-ukmvas/73077 |access-date=30 September 2021 |website=Promonewstv |language=en}}</ref> |- |Best Editing in a Video |{{won}} |- |Best Choreography in a Video |{{nom}} |- |Best Wardrobe Styling in a Video | rowspan="2" |"Woman" |{{nom}} |- |Best Hair & Make-up in a Video |{{nom}} |- | rowspan="6" |2022 |Best Hip Hop/Grime/Rap Video - UK | rowspan="5" |"Point and Kill" {{Small|(featuring [[Obongjayar]])}} | {{won}} | rowspan="6" style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 September 2022 |title=UK Music Video Awards 2022: all the nominations for this year's UKMVAs |url=https://www.promonews.tv/news/2022/09/28/uk-music-video-awards-2022-all-nominations-years-ukmvas/78564 |access-date=28 September 2022 |website=Promonews.tv}}</ref> |- |Best Wardrobe Styling in a Video | {{won}} |- |Best Hair & Make-up in a Video | {{nom}} |- |Best Cinematography in a Video | {{nom}} |- |Best Color Grading in a Video | {{won}} |- |Best Special Video Project |"I Love You, I Hate You" | {{nom}} |- | rowspan="5" |2023 |Best Hip Hop/Grime/Rap Video - UK | rowspan="4" |"Gorilla" | {{nom}} | rowspan="5" align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Malt |first=Andy |date=28 September 2023 |title=UK Music Video Award Nominations 2023 |url=https://completemusicupdate.com/uk-music-video-award-nominations-2023/ |access-date=7 October 2023 |website=Complete Music Update}}</ref> |- |Best Performance in a Video | {{nom}} |- |Best Production Design in a Video | {{nom}} |- |Best Cinematography in a Video | {{nom}} |- |Best Special Video Project |''No Thank You'' | {{nom}} |- | rowspan="5" |2025 | rowspan="2" |Best Hip Hop / Grime / Rap Video – UK |"Young" | {{nom}} | rowspan="5" align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 September 2025 |title=UK Music Video Awards 2025 nominations announced awards ceremony |url=https://www.music-news.com/news/Underground/184577/UK-Music-Video-Awards-2025-nominations-announced-awards-ceremony |access-date=30 September 2025 |website=Music News}}</ref> |- | rowspan="4" |"Flood" {{Small|(featuring Obongjayar & Moonchild Sanelly)}} | {{nom}} |- |Best Performance in a Video | {{nom}} |- |Best Cinematography in a Video | {{nom}} |- |Best Choreography in a Video | {{nom}} |- |} == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Ikiciro:Pages with unreviewed translations]] emoi4anl81725eeps4vc60wh09vipyt 0 21503 148689 147956 2026-11-03T13:07:43Z Score Beethoven 11559 148689 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox umurenge}} '''Umurenge wa Nyange''' ni umwe mu mirenge 13 igize [[Akarere ka Ngororero]], mu [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba]], mu [[Rwanda]]. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, Umurenge wa Nyange wari utuwe n'abaturage 24 859. Nyange izwi kubera amateka ya [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]]. Izwi kandi kubera abanyeshuri b'Intwari z'Imena bo mu 1997. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → [[Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Uturere]] → Imirenge → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Ubuso n'abaturage == [[Dosiye:Rwanda, Ngororero District.png|thumb|left|Ikarita y'Akarere ka Ngororero]] Umurenge wa Nyange ni umwe mu mirenge 13 y'Akarere ka Ngororero.<ref name="citypop-akarere">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/35__ngororero/ |title=Ngororero (District, Rwanda) – Sectors |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Ufite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 54,37.<ref name="citypop">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/ngororero/3512__nyange/ |title=Nyange (Sector, Rwanda) |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2012, Umurenge wa Nyange wari utuwe n'abaturage 21 932. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, wari utuwe n'abaturage 24 859. Ubucucike bwari abantu 457 kuri kilometero kare.<ref name="citypop"/> == Ubukungu == [[Dosiye:2013-06-05 12-03-37 Rwanda Western Province - Gaseke 6h (cropped 5).jpg|thumb|left|Imirima ku musozi mu Murenge wa Nyange (2013)]] Akarere ka Ngororero gafite ibikorwa byinshi by'ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro. Umurenge wa Nyange uri mu mirenge irimo ubucukuzi butemewe bwinshi.<ref name="rwb">{{Cite web |url=https://waterportal.rwb.rw/sites/default/files/2017-06/Upper%20Nyabarongo%20Rehabilitation%20Plan.pdf |title=Upper Nyabarongo Catchment Rehabilitation Plan |website=Rwanda Water Resources Board |date=2017 |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Umurenge wa Nyange ufite ikigo cy'ikoranabuhanga (''telecenter''). Muri Nyakanga 2025, umushinga wa DOT Rwanda wahaye icyo kigo mudasobwa 10. Uwo mushinga uzahugura kandi abacuruzi bato mu ikoranabuhanga.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ngororero.gov.rw/news-detail-1/ngororero-3 |title=Ngororero: DOT Rwanda yongereye ingufu Telecenter y'umurenge wa Nyange |website=Akarere ka Ngororero |date=2025-07-14 |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250716053957/https://www.ngororero.gov.rw/news-detail-1/ngororero-3 |archive-date=2025-07-16 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Amateka == Mu gihe cya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994, Abatutsi benshi bahungiye muri kiliziya Gatolika ya Nyange. Padiri [[Athanase Seromba]] yategetse ko iyo kiliziya isenywa. Abari bayirimo bose barapfuye. Uyu munsi i Nyange hari [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyange|urwibutso rwa Jenoside]].<ref name="rgb">{{Cite web |url=https://www.rgb.rw/updates/news-detail/the-history-of-nyange-is-an-essential-lesson-for-rgb-staff-profshyaka-anastase |title=The history of Nyange is an essential lesson for RGB staff – Prof. Shyaka Anastase |website=Rwanda Governance Board |date=2018-06-08 |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Muri Werurwe 1997, Interahamwe zateye [[Ishuri ryisumbuye rya Nyange]]. Zategetse abanyeshuri kwitandukanya hakurikijwe ubwoko. Abanyeshuri barabyanze. Bavuze ko bose ari Abanyarwanda. Bamwe muri bo barishwe.<ref name="rgb"/> Abo banyeshuri bari mu [[Intwari z'u Rwanda|Ntwari z'Imena]].<ref name="rgb"/><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/magazine/nyange-a-resting-place-for-heroes--1346742 |title=Nyange: A resting place for heroes |website=The EastAfrican |date=2016-02-26 |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Nyange Sector|Amafoto y'Umurenge wa Nyange]] kuri Wikimedia Commons * Uko izina « Nyange » rivugwa: [[Dosiye:LL-Q33573 (kin)-Adeline07-Nyange.wav]] * Uko izina « Nyange Centre » rivugwa: [[Dosiye:LL-Q33573 (kin)-DERRICK KWIZERA-NYANGE CENTRE.wav]] {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Ngororero}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Ngororero]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Nyange]] 04uy7gvit571js5ns8ww79lgi2juxqv 0 21524 148812 148204 2026-11-04T08:33:15Z Ndahiro derrick 8075 Ndahiro derrick moved page [[ABAHANZI BO MU RWANDA]] to [[Abahanzi bo mu Rwanda]] 148204 wikitext text/x-wiki Umuziki w'Urwanda ukomeje gutera imbere haba mu gihugu no murwego mpuzamahangaaho abahanzi barimo '''Bruce Melodie''' na '''Meddy''' baza ku isonga mu<mark>gukurikirwa cyane kuri</mark> Spotify muri 2023. Dore bamwe mu bahanzi bagezweho kandi b’abahanga bagaragaza impano zidasanzwe muri iki gihe <ref>https://www.google.com/search?q=ABAHANZI+BO+MU+RWANDA&sa=X&sca_esv=2827ae63164125c3&sxsrf=ANbL-n4dSDbudjXIVTq-AokztP2hDjiPuQ%3A1771601418324&source=lnms&fbs=ADc_l-aN0CWEZBOHjofHoaMMDiKpaEWjvZ2Py1XXV8d8KvlI3jljrY5CkLlk8Dq3IvwBz-SJyfRX_inP-J3Cs9lQZu9Jfs7bKPahJnRsHKc4onwyDteSSEPgQjtM807GQyuH8QcgBkANT_OVs8K54bHUxAbVUOIJd9B0sWAZcvnWO5H2xLc6LTSbk8sdR6-uui_53TGy7jQo4DVzMTbRHkp-O7ysRSthuQ&aep=1&ntc=1&ved=2ahUKEwjF4uPJseiSAxUTOPsDHQqzGfoQ2J8OegQIDxAE&mstk=AUtExfCGjtShguHcEsQFY9iIUVlBrYQnstJtOJhszyOYa7lt1dj9uN_mIgG4O-OL6zJnDD75j_AKKequxZLahYKlKqtOZfZnUoWUj7huie7TL4ASvDef5TozyxHIge5kAwvC6Au3cm72BkLmm857H2uN6u5mUal7k_RAWqbTirgsRPyDKwsBi3app2pv8p-IXMY3LA4pXWtN2JeHJqrzzahCeYYSaEWJZ1V7lgWlvRWLDoOlHpyDlX4j8JT2lK1wn8O_QAo5MKPDrs6IBOKZbF5K6PjH5pKGAHSptkyyYoeGnMN8wgvmQo37Zw3fvrtf0zfBK20LfPI7R3jUEzV4hlIL5Cy4zgvGCZ-_6Q&csuir=1&udm=50&biw=1458&bih=650&dpr=0.94</ref> (2025-2026)Abahanzi bagezweho kandi bakunzwe cyane * '''Bruce Melodie:''' Ufatwa nka nimero ya mbere mu bakunzwe cyane mu Rwanda kuri ubu, aho muri 2023 yari afite abasaga miliyoni 4.3 bamutega amatwi kuri Spotify. * '''Meddy:''' Umwe mu bafite amateka akomeye mu muziki nyarwanda ndetse n'abafana benshi, ukorera umuziki we muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika. * '''The Ben:''' Inshuti n'umukeba wa hafi wa [[Meddy]], bose bazwiho kugira ijwi ryiza no gukora indirimbo zikora ku mitima ya benshi. * '''Kenny Sol:''' Umwe mu bahanzi bagezweho muri iki gihe, ugaragara no mu bazasusurutsa abazitabira [[Tour du Rwanda]] Festivals 2026. * '''Bwiza:''' Umwe mu bahanzikazi. ** bakiri bato ariko bagezweho kandi bafite ejo hazaza heza mu muziki. Abahanzi bashya n'abandi bo guhanga amaso mu 2025-2026 Muri uyu mwaka wa 2025 n'utaha wa 2026, hari abahanzi benshi barimo kwigaragaza cyane: ** '''Kivumbi King:''' Umuraperi uzwiho kwandika neza no kugira imyandikire yihariye. ** '''Bushali:''' Umwami w'injyana ya Kinyatrap. ** '''Ruti Joel:''' Umunyempano mu njyana gakondo ihuje n'ubuhamya bw'ubu. ** '''Element Eleéeh:''' Producer waje no mu buhanzi, ufite indirimbo nka "Kasha" na "Fou de toi. ** '''Andy Bumuntu:''' Uzwi cyane mu njyana ya Blues na Soul. [[Dosiye:ABAHANZI BO MU RWANDA.png|thumb|abahanzi]]Ese wifuza kumenya '''indirimbo nshya''' z'aba bahanzi cyane cyane izisohotse muri uyu mwaka, cyangwa wifuza kumenya '''amateka''' y'abahanzi ba kera (legendary artists)? <ref>[[Dosiye:ABAHANZI BO MU RWANDA.png|thumb]] </ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} 09ekxik0fujn03m9prz8b357n9c2xqv 0 22097 148789 129239 2026-11-03T15:45:05Z Score Beethoven 11559 148789 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|ಭಾರತೀಯ ಜ್ಯೋತಿಷಿ ಮತ್ತು ಆತ್ಮೀಯ ಸಲಹೆಗಾರ}} {{Infobox person | name               = ಡಾ. ಶ್ರೀ. ಚಿತ್ರಭಾನು ಕೆ ಪೊದುವಾಲ್ | native_name        = Dr. Shri Chithrabhanu K Poduval | birth_place        = ಪಯ್ಯನ್ನೂರು, ಕೇರಳ, ಭಾರತ | nationality        = ಭಾರತೀಯ | occupation         = ಜ್ಯೋತಿಷಿ, ಇಂಟ್ಯೂಟಿವ್ ಕನ್ಸಲ್ಟಂಟ್, ಆತ್ಮೀಯ ಸಲಹೆಗಾರ | years_active       = 2008–ಇಂದಿಗೂ | known_for          = ವೇದ ಜ್ಯೋತಿಷ್ಯದಲ್ಲಿ ಇಂಟ್ಯೂಟಿವ್ ವಿಧಾನಗಳು ಮತ್ತು ವಿಶ್ಲೇಷಣಾತ್ಮಕ ಭವಿಷ್ಯವಾಣಿ | website            = https://astrologerpoduval.com/ }} '''ಡಾ. ಶ್ರೀ. ಚಿತ್ರಭಾನು ಕೆ ಪೊದುವಾಲ್''' (Dr. Shri Chithrabhanu K Poduval) ಅವರು ಭಾರತೀಯ ಜ್ಯೋತಿಷಿ, ಇಂಟ್ಯೂಟಿವ್ ಕನ್ಸಲ್ಟಂಟ್ ಹಾಗೂ ಆತ್ಮೀಯ ಸಲಹೆಗಾರರಾಗಿದ್ದಾರೆ. ಇವರು [[ಕೇರಳ]] ರಾಜ್ಯದ [[ಕಣ್ಣೂರು ಜಿಲ್ಲೆ]]ಯ ಪಯ್ಯನ್ನೂರು ನಗರವನ್ನು ಕೇಂದ್ರವಾಗಿಸಿಕೊಂಡು ಕಾರ್ಯನಿರ್ವಹಿಸುತ್ತಿದ್ದಾರೆ. ವೇದ ಜ್ಯೋತಿಷ್ಯ, ಗ್ರಹಸ್ಥಿತಿಗಳ ವಿಶ್ಲೇಷಣೆ ಮತ್ತು ಇಂಟ್ಯೂಟಿವ್ (ಅಂತರ್ದೃಷ್ಟಿ) ಆಧಾರಿತ ವಿಧಾನಗಳ ಸಂಯೋಜನೆಯ ಮೂಲಕ ಭವಿಷ್ಯವಾಣಿ ನೀಡುವ ಶೈಲಿಗೆ ಪರಿಚಿತರಾಗಿದ್ದಾರೆ.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dr.Chithrabhanu K Poduval - Trusted Astrologer |url=https://www.astrologerpoduval.com/ |access-date=2026-03-08 |website=www.astrologerpoduval.com |language=en}}</ref> == ಪ್ರಾರಂಭಿಕ ಜೀವನ ಮತ್ತು ಶಿಕ್ಷಣ == ಚಿತ್ರಭಾನು ಅವರು ಪಯ್ಯನ್ನೂರಿನಲ್ಲಿ ಆಧ್ಯಾತ್ಮಿಕ ಪರಂಪರೆ ಹೊಂದಿದ ಕುಟುಂಬದಲ್ಲಿ ಜನಿಸಿದರು. ಬಾಲ್ಯದಿಂದಲೇ ಜ್ಯೋತಿಷ್ಯ, ಮಂತ್ರ-ತಂತ್ರ ಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ ಮತ್ತು ವೇದಾಧ್ಯಯನಗಳತ್ತ ಆಸಕ್ತಿ ತೋರಿದರು. ಅವರ ಕುಟುಂಬದ ಧಾರ್ಮಿಕ ಮತ್ತು ಸಾಂಸ್ಕೃತಿಕ ಹಿನ್ನೆಲೆ ಅವರ ಜೀವನದ ದಿಕ್ಕನ್ನು ನಿರ್ಧರಿಸಿತು. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Astrologer Dr.h.c Shri. Chithrabhanu k Poduval |url=https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCaewNLNH1Vj318iwQEcLceg |access-date=2026-03-08 |website=YouTube |language=kn-IN}}</ref> ಪಯ್ಯನ್ನೂರು ಪ್ರದೇಶವು ಪ್ರಸಿದ್ಧ ಶ್ರೀ ಸುಬ್ರಹ್ಮಣ್ಯ ಸ್ವಾಮಿ ದೇವಸ್ಥಾನ, ಪಯ್ಯನ್ನೂರುಗಾಗಿ ಹೆಸರುವಾಸಿಯಾಗಿದೆ. ಸ್ಥಳೀಯ ಧಾರ್ಮಿಕ ವಾತಾವರಣ ಮತ್ತು ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತಿಯ ಪ್ರಭಾವದಿಂದ ಅವರು ವೇದ ಜ್ಯೋತಿಷ್ಯದತ್ತ ಆಕರ್ಷಿತರಾದರು.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Blogger: ಬಳಕೆದಾರರ ಪ್ರೊಫೈಲ್: ASTROLOGER Dr.hc. Shri. CHITHRABHANU K PODUVAL |url=https://www.blogger.com/profile/02629588774658287857 |access-date=2026-03-08 |website=www.blogger.com}}</ref>   ಅವರು ಜ್ಯೋತಿಷ್ಯ ಮತ್ತು ಆಧ್ಯಾತ್ಮಿಕ ಅಧ್ಯಯನಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಪರಂಪರാഗത ಹಾಗೂ ಸ್ವಯಂ ಅಧ್ಯಯನದ ಮೂಲಕ ಪರಿಣತಿ ಪಡೆದಿದ್ದಾರೆ ಎಂದು ವರದಿಗಳು ಸೂಚಿಸುತ್ತವೆ.<ref>https://www.quickerala.com/kannur/payyanur/dr-h-c-shri-chithrabhanu-k-poduval/461619</ref> == ವೃತ್ತಿಜೀವನ == ಚಿತ್ರಭಾನು ಅವರು ಇಂಟ್ಯೂಟಿವ್ ಅರಿವು ಮತ್ತು ಗ್ರಹಸ್ಥಿತಿಗಳ ಗಣಿತೀಯ ವಿಶ್ಲೇಷಣೆಯನ್ನು ಸಂಯೋಜಿಸಿ ವ್ಯಕ್ತಿಗಳ ವೈಯಕ್ತಿಕ, ವೃತ್ತಿಜೀವನ ಹಾಗೂ ಸಾಮಾಜಿಕ ಸಮಸ್ಯೆಗಳ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಸಲಹೆ ನೀಡುತ್ತಾರೆ.  <ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Astrologer Dr Chithrabhanu K Poduval in Payyannur, Kerala, India - Company Profile |url=https://www.tradeindia.com/astrologer-dr-chithrabhanu-k-poduval-16719284/ |access-date=2026-03-08 |website=www.tradeindia.com}}</ref> * ವೈಯಕ್ತಿಕ ಜೀವನ ಮಾರ್ಗದರ್ಶನ   * ವೃತ್ತಿ ಮತ್ತು ಉದ್ಯಮ ನಿರ್ಧಾರಗಳು   * ಆರೋಗ್ಯ ಮತ್ತು ಸಂಬಂಧಗಳ ಕುರಿತ ಸಲಹೆ   * ಕಳೆದುಹೋದ ವಸ್ತುಗಳ ಪತ್ತೆ  <ref name=":1">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b9wYnJ-22D8</ref> * ಭೂಗರ್ಭ ಜಲಸಂಪನ್ಮೂಲ ಮತ್ತು ಖನಿಜ ಸಂಪತ್ತಿನ ಗುರುತು   ಕೆಲವು ವರದಿಗಳ ಪ್ರಕಾರ, ವೇದ ಜ್ಯೋತಿಷ್ಯ ವಿಧಾನಗಳ ಮೂಲಕ ಗಣನೀಯ ಮೌಲ್ಯದ ವಸ್ತುಗಳ ಪತ್ತೆಗೆ ಅವರು ಸಹಾಯ ಮಾಡಿದರೆಂದು ಹೇಳಲಾಗಿದೆ.<ref name=":1" /> == ಸಾರ್ವಜನಿಕ ಗಮನಾರ್ಹತೆ == ಚಿತ್ರಭಾನು ಅವರು 2014 ಮತ್ತು 2019ರ ಭಾರತದ ಲೋಕಸಭಾ ಚುನಾವಣೆಯಲ್ಲಿ [[ನರೇಂದ್ರ ಮೋದಿ]] ಅವರ ಜಯವನ್ನು ಮುಂಚಿತವಾಗಿ ಭವಿಷ್ಯವಾಣಿ ಮಾಡಿರುವುದಾಗಿ ಹೇಳಲಾಗಿದೆ. ಈ ಹಿನ್ನೆಲೆದಲ್ಲಿ ''ದಿ ವೀಕ್'' ಮಾಸಪತ್ರಿಕೆಯಲ್ಲಿ ಅವರ ಸಂದರ್ಶನ ಪ್ರಕಟಗೊಂಡಿದೆ.<ref name=":0" /> 2019ರ ನವೆಂಬರ್ 1ರಂದು ಅಪರೂಪದ ಗ್ರಹ ಪರಿವರ್ತನೆಯು ಜಾಗತಿಕ ಮಟ್ಟದಲ್ಲಿ ಜೈವಿಕ, ಸಾಮಾಜಿಕ ಮತ್ತು ರಾಜಕೀಯ ಕ್ಷೇತ್ರಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಪರಿಣಾಮ ಬೀರುತ್ತದೆ ಎಂದು ಅವರು ಹೇಳಿಕೆ ನೀಡಿದ್ದರು. ನಂತರ ಈ ಹೇಳಿಕೆಯನ್ನು ಕೋವಿಡ್-19 ಮಹಾಮಾರಿಯೊಂದಿಗೆ ಸಂಪರ್ಕಿಸಲಾಗಿದೆ ಎಂದು ಕೆಲವು ವರದಿಗಳು ಉಲ್ಲೇಖಿಸುತ್ತವೆ.  <ref name=":4" /> ಅವರು Malaysia Airlines Flight 370 ಮತ್ತು Indonesia AirAsia Flight 8501 ಘಟನೆಗಳ ಕುರಿತು ಸಹ ಸಾರ್ವಜನಿಕ ಹೇಳಿಕೆಗಳನ್ನು ನೀಡಿದ್ದಾರೆ.<ref name=":1" /> == ಪ್ರಶಸ್ತಿಗಳು ಮತ್ತು ಗೌರವಗಳು == * 2017 – ಕಾಮನ್‌ವೆಲ್ತ್ ವೊಕೇಷನಲ್ ಯೂನಿವರ್ಸಿಟಿ, ಟೋಂಗಾದಿಂದ ಮಾನದ ಡಾಕ್ಟರೇಟ್ (ದುಬೈ ಸಮಾರಂಭದಲ್ಲಿ ಪ್ರದಾನ).   * 2019 & 2020 – ಗ್ಲೋಬಲ್ ಟ್ರಯಂಫ್ ಫೌಂಡೇಶನ್ ವತಿಯಿಂದ “ಭಾರತದ ಅತ್ಯುತ್ತಮ ಜ್ಯೋತಿಷಿ” ಪ್ರಶಸ್ತಿ.<ref name=":4" />   * 2023 – ನವದೆಹಲಿಯಲ್ಲಿ ನಡೆದ ಕಾರ್ಯಕ್ರಮದಲ್ಲಿ ನ್ಯಾಯಮೂರ್ತಿ ಕುրյನ್ ಜೋಸೆಫ್ ಅವರಿಂದ “ವಿಶ್ವದ ಅತ್ಯುತ್ತಮ ಇಂಟ್ಯೂಟಿವ್ ಜ್ಯೋತಿಷಿ” ಪ್ರಶಸ್ತಿ. == ವೈಯಕ್ತಿಕ ಜೀವನ == ಚಿತ್ರಭಾನು ಅವರು ಭಾರತ ಮತ್ತು ವಿದೇಶಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ವ್ಯಾಪಕವಾಗಿ ಪ್ರವಾಸ ಮಾಡಿ ಹೋಮ, ಹವನ ಹಾಗೂ ಆತ್ಮೀಯ ವಿಧಿಗಳನ್ನು ನೆರವೇರಿಸುತ್ತಾರೆ. ಮಧ್ಯಪ್ರಾಚ್ಯ, ಯೂರೋಪ್, ರಷ್ಯಾ, ಜಪಾನ್ ಮತ್ತು ಅಮೇರಿಕಾ ಸೇರಿದಂತೆ ಅನೇಕ ದೇಶಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಅವರ ಕ್ಲೈಂಟ್‌ಗಳಿದ್ದಾರೆ.<ref>https://payyanur.idbf.in/astrologer</ref>   ಅವರು ಪರಂಪರাগত ವೇದ ವಿಧಾನಗಳನ್ನು ಆಧುನಿಕ ಜೀವನಶೈಲಿಯ ಸಮಸ್ಯೆಗಳೊಂದಿಗೆ ಸಂಯೋಜಿಸಿ ಪರಿಹಾರಗಳನ್ನು ನೀಡುವ ಶೈಲಿಗೆ ಹೆಸರುವಾಸಿಯಾಗಿದ್ದಾರೆ.<ref name=":1" /> == ಉಲ್ಲೇಖಗಳು == {{Reflist}} 43fplcvq9cuvij11qgkjstb2vagtjoo 0 22568 148660 143889 2026-11-03T13:06:30Z Score Beethoven 11559 148660 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox umurenge}} '''Umurenge wa Musange''' ni umwe mu [[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|mirenge]] 17 igize [[Akarere ka Nyamagabe]], mu [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Ntara y'Amajyepfo]] y’u [[Rwanda]]. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, Umurenge wa Musange wari utuwe n'abaturage 20 345. Abaturage bose batuye mu cyaro. Umuryango GiveDirectly watangije umushinga wo guha amafaranga ingo zo muri uyu murenge. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → [[Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Uturere]] → Imirenge → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Abaturage == [[Dosiye:Rwanda, Nyamagabe District.png|thumb|left|Ikarita y'Akarere ka Nyamagabe]] Umurenge wa Musange ni umwe mu mirenge 17 y'Akarere ka Nyamagabe.<ref name="menya">{{Cite web |url=https://www.nyamagabe.gov.rw/akarere/menya-akarere |title=Menya Akarere |website=Akarere ka Nyamagabe |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2012, Umurenge wa Musange wari utuwe n'abaturage 18 680. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, wari utuwe n'abaturage 20 345. Abagabo bari 9 885. Abagore bari 10 460.<ref name="citypop">{{Cite web |url=https://citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/nyamagabe/2512__musange/ |title=Musange (Sector, Rwanda) – Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Abaturage bose batuye mu cyaro.<ref name="citypop" /> == Ibikorwa remezo == Umuhanda uhuza Umurenge wa Musange n'umujyi wa Nyamagabe ufite uburebure bwa kilometero 30. Mu Ukwakira 2012, Kigali Today yatangaje ko uwo muhanda ugiye gukorwa.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://kigalitoday.com/ubukungu/iterambere/article/nyamagabe-umuhanda-uhuza-umurenge-wa-musange-n-umujyi-wa-nyamagabe-ugiye |title=Nyamagabe: Umuhanda uhuza umurenge wa Musange n'umujyi wa Nyamagabe ugiye gukorwa |author=Emmanuel Nshimiyimana |website=Kigali Today |date=2012-10-25 |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> == Imishinga y’iterambere == Umuryango GiveDirectly watangije umushinga mu Murenge wa Musange. Uwo mushinga wari guha ingo zo muri uyu murenge amafaranga arenga 800 000. Ayo mafaranga yari gutangwa mu byiciro bibiri. Abakozi ba GiveDirectly ni bo bari gusura ingo. Abaturage basabwe kwirinda abantu babaka ruswa. Iyi nkunga ifasha imiryango kugura amatungo no kuvugurura amazu.<ref name="GiveDirectly">{{Cite web |url=https://www.nyamagabe.gov.rw/default-title-9/musange-hatangijwe-umushinga-ugiye-kunganira-iterambere-ryabaturage |title=Musange hatangijwe umushinga ugiye kunganira iterambere ry’abaturage |website=Akarere ka Nyamagabe |language=rw |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220628000429/https://www.nyamagabe.gov.rw/default-title-9/musange-hatangijwe-umushinga-ugiye-kunganira-iterambere-ryabaturage |archive-date=2022-06-28 |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Reba kandi == * [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Musange]] {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Nyamagabe}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Nyamagabe|Musange]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Musange]] 398ju0m30ckfaahmgxbopdplsmd8nvx 0 22620 148690 143880 2026-11-03T13:07:47Z Score Beethoven 11559 148690 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox umurenge}} '''Umurenge wa Nyankenke''' ni umwe mu [[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|mirenge]] 21 igize [[Akarere ka Gicumbi]], mu [[Intara y’Amajyaruguru y’u Rwanda|Ntara y'Amajyaruguru]] y’u [[Rwanda]]. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, Umurenge wa Nyankenke wari utuwe n'abaturage 27 183. Abaturage bose batuye mu cyaro. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → [[Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Uturere]] → Imirenge → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Abaturage == [[Dosiye:Rwanda, Gicumbi District.png|thumb|left|Ikarita y'Akarere ka Gicumbi]] Akarere ka Gicumbi kagizwe n'imirenge 21. Umurenge wa Nyankenke ni umwe muri yo.<ref name="akarere">{{Cite web |url=https://www.gicumbi.gov.rw/akarere/menya-akarere |title=Menya Akarere ka Gicumbi |website=gicumbi.gov.rw |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2012, Umurenge wa Nyankenke wari utuwe n'abaturage 21 560. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, wari utuwe n'abaturage 27 183. Abagabo bari 14 830. Abagore bari 12 353.<ref name="citypop">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/gicumbi/4514__nyankenke/ |title=Nyankenke (Sector, Rwanda) – Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Abaturage bose batuye mu cyaro.<ref name="citypop" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Gicumbi}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Gicumbi|Nyankenke]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Nyankenke]] 0qirndy73lfft3g59v9ffsljaw9vcsk 0 22673 148711 143886 2026-11-03T13:08:40Z Score Beethoven 11559 148711 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox umurenge}} '''Umurenge wa Rushashi''' ni umwe mu [[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|mirenge]] 19 igize [[Akarere ka Gakenke]], mu [[Intara y’Amajyaruguru y’u Rwanda|Ntara y’Amajyaruguru]] y’u [[Rwanda]]. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, Umurenge wa Rushashi wari utuwe n'abaturage 18 835. Ugizwe n'utugari 8. Koperative y’abahinzi b’ikawa Abakundakawa ikorera muri uyu murenge. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → [[Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Uturere]] → Imirenge → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Utugari == [[Dosiye:Rwanda, Gakenke District.png|thumb|left|Ikarita y'Akarere ka Gakenke]] Akarere ka Gakenke kagizwe n'imirenge 19, utugari 97 n'imidugudu 617.<ref name="menya">{{Cite web |url=https://www.gakenke.gov.rw/akarere/menya-akarere |title=Menya Akarere |website=Akarere ka Gakenke |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Umurenge wa Rushashi ugizwe n'[[Akagari|utugari]] 8:<ref name="mindat">{{Cite web |url=https://www.mindat.org/feature-11186766.html |title=Rushashi, Gakenke District, Northern Province, Rwanda |website=Mindat |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> {{div col|colwidth=15em}} * Burimba * Busanane * Joma * Kageyo * Mbogo * Razi * Rwankuba * Shyombwe {{div col end}} == Abaturage == Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2012, Umurenge wa Rushashi wari utuwe n'abaturage 17 806. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, wari utuwe n'abaturage 18 835. Abagabo bari 8 974. Abagore bari 9 861.<ref name="citypop">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/gakenke/4219__rushashi/ |title=Rushashi (Sector, Rwanda) – Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Abaturage 6 368 bari bafite munsi y’imyaka 15. Abaturage 11 194 bari bafite imyaka hagati ya 15 na 64. Abaturage 1 273 bari bafite imyaka 65 cyangwa irenga. Abaturage bose batuye mu cyaro.<ref name="citypop"/> == Ubukungu == [[Ubuhinzi]] bw’[[ikawa]] ni kimwe mu bikorwa by’ubukungu muri Rushashi. Koperative Abakundakawa ikorera mu Murenge wa Rushashi. Yashinzwe mu 2004. Ifite abanyamuryango 1 962.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.sustainableharvest.com/abakundakawa |title=Abakundakawa, Rwanda |website=Sustainable Harvest |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Igishushanyombonera cy’Akarere ka Gakenke giteganya guteza imbere isantere ya Rushashi. Iyi santere iri ku muhanda uhuza Giticyinyoni, Ruli na Gakenke.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://fr.scribd.com/document/1003107094/MINISTERIAL-ORDER-N-004-25-10-TC-OF-28-07-2025-ESTABLISHING-LAND-USE-AND-DEVELOPMENT-MASTER-PLAN-OF-GAKENKE-DISTRICT |title=Ministerial Order N° 004/25/10/TC of 28/07/2025 establishing Land Use and Development Master Plan of Gakenke District |work=Official Gazette n° Special of 30/07/2025 |via=Scribd |language=en |date=2025-07-30 |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Gakenke}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Gakenke|Rushashi]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Rushashi]] n4of3apryfqt7edqa0f2w2muc65eot1 0 22675 148709 143888 2026-11-03T13:08:36Z Score Beethoven 11559 148709 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox umurenge}} '''Umurenge wa Rusasa''' ni umwe mu [[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|mirenge]] 19 igize [[Akarere ka Gakenke]], mu [[Intara y’Amajyaruguru y’u Rwanda|Ntara y’Amajyaruguru]] y’u [[Rwanda]]. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, Umurenge wa Rusasa wari utuwe n'abaturage 19 242. Ugizwe n'utugari 6. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → [[Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Uturere]] → Imirenge → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Utugari == [[Dosiye:Rwanda, Gakenke District.png|thumb|left|Ikarita y'Akarere ka Gakenke]] Akarere ka Gakenke kagizwe n'imirenge 19, utugari 97 n'imidugudu 617.<ref name="menya">{{Cite web |url=https://www.gakenke.gov.rw/akarere/menya-akarere |title=Menya Akarere |website=Akarere ka Gakenke |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Umurenge wa Rusasa ugizwe n'[[Akagari|utugari]] 6:<ref name="mindat">{{Cite web |url=https://www.mindat.org/feature-11186765.html |title=Rusasa, Gakenke District, Northern Province, Rwanda |website=Mindat |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> {{div col|colwidth=15em}} * Gataba * Kamonyi * Murambi * Nyundo * Rumbi * Rurembo {{div col end}} == Abaturage == Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2012, Umurenge wa Rusasa wari utuwe n'abaturage 18 250. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, wari utuwe n'abaturage 19 242. Abagabo bari 9 124. Abagore bari 10 118. Abaturage bose batuye mu cyaro.<ref name="citypop">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/gakenke/4218__rusasa/ |title=Rusasa (Sector, Rwanda) – Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Gakenke}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Gakenke|Rusasa]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Rusasa]] 8ha9m7xf7kegj2d8n7yt603a6rv0qqj 0 22962 148886 138535 2026-11-04T11:43:54Z Baraka official 17008 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 148886 wikitext text/x-wiki Ikigo Nderabuzima cya Nyarubuye<ref>https://www.kirehe.gov.rw/soma-ibindi/ikigo-nderabuzima-cya-nyarubuye-kigiye-kongererwa-ubushobozi</ref> (mu [[Icyongereza|Cyongereza]]: ''Nyarubuye Medicalized Health Center''):ni ikigo cy'ubuvuzi gikomeye giherereye mu Murenge wa Nyarubuye, mu karere ka [[Akarere ka Kirehe|Kirehe]], mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba|Ntara y'Iburasirazuba]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Cyashinzwe bwa mbere mu myaka ya za 1950. Ku bw'ivugururwa rigezweho cyahawemo ubushobozi, cyashyizwe ku rwego rwisumbuye rw'[[ikigo nderabuzima]] gihabwa abaganga, bituma gitanga serivisi ku rwego rwa muganga w'inzobere (Dogiteri)<ref>https://muhaziyacu.rw/amakuru/abagera-kuri-300-babonye-akazi-ahari-kubakwa-ikigo-nderabuzima-cya-nyarubuye/</ref>. === Serivisi n'Ubushobozi<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubuzima/ubuvuzi/article/kirehe-ikigo-nderabuzima-cya-nyarubuye-kigiye-guhabwa-ubushobozi-nk-ubw-ibitaro</ref> === Iki kigo gifite ubushobozi nki bw'ibitaro bitewe n'ibikoresho n'abaganga bacyo. Bimwe mu bikorwa remezo n'izindi serivisi zikirangwamo harimo: * Ibyumba bibiri (2) bitangirwamo serivisi zo kubaga (theatres). * Ibyumba byakira ababyeyi babyaye n'abategereje kubyara. * Icyumba cyita ku bana bavutse batagejeje igihe (incubators). * Ibitanda 110 byo kwakira abarwayi batandukanye baguma mu kigo. * Ahatangirwa serivisi z'indembe n'iz'isuzuma rya laboratwari. == Amateka == * Ikigo Nderabuzima <ref>https://www.igihe.com/serivisi/kwamamaza/advertorials/rwanda/article/kirehe-kuvugurura-ikigo-nderabuzima-cya-nyarubuye-bizatwara-miliyari-5-frw</ref>cya Nyarubuye nicyo kigo cy'ubuvuzi cya mbere n'icya kera cyane cyubatswe mu gice cy'icyahoze ari Umurenge cyangwa Komini ya Rusumo (ubu ni mu karere ka Kirehe). Imirimo yo kubaka yatangiye mu mwaka wa 1946 binyuze mu bufatanye bw'abakorera-bushake n'Abapadiri b'Abagatolika b'i Nyarubuye. Cyaje gufungurwa ku mugaragaro mu mwaka wa 1951 (cyangwa 1952 nyuma y'iyuzura rya [[Kiliziya Gatolika]] ya Nyarubuye). Mu mizo ya mbere, iki kigo cyatunganyaga gusa serivisi z'ibanze z'ubuvuzi no gupfuka ibikomere ku baturage bake bacyegereye<ref>https://rwandadispatch.com/rwanda-denmark-launch-renovation-of-nyarubuye-health-center/?pdf=18759</ref>. Mu gihe cya [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]] mu [[Rwanda]] muri Mata 1994, ikigo cyagize ibihe bitoroshye aho cyagatswe n'ibitero by'interahamwe byibasiye abaturage bari bahahungiye ndetse n'abari bahari, ibikoresho byacyo birasahuwa biba bitumye gihagarika imirimo. Nyuma y'aho Umuryango [[Ishyaka FPR - Inkotanyi|RPF Inkotanyi]] uhagarikiye Jenoside mu gice cya Nyarubuye, Guverinoma y'u Rwanda yongeye gusana iki kigo, gisubukura gutanga serivisi z'ubuvuzi ku baturage hafi ya bose b'icyo gice. Nyuma yo kubona ko cyari kimaze imyaka hamwe n'imyaka gikora kandi umubare w'abaturage ukiyongera cyane, ku wa 5 Ugushyingo 2025, Guverinoma y'u Rwanda ku bufatanye n'abafatanyabikorwa bashyize ibuye ry'ifatizo ryo kukagura no kukagira ikigo nderabuzima cyisumbuye. Umushinga wo kwagura ufite agaciro k'Amafaranga y'u Rwanda asaga miliyari 6<ref>https://m.imvahonshya.co.rw/kirehe-hatangiye-kuvugururwa-ikigo-nderabuzima-kizatwara-miliyari-6-frw/</ref>, ukaba warateganyijwe kuzura mu mpeshyi y'umwaka wa 2026 binyuze mu mushinga 'Jya Mbere' ufashwamo na Banki y'Isi ndetse n'Ubwami bwa Denmark (DANIDA)<ref>https://agaciropress.com/kirehe-foundation-stone-laid-for-nyarubuye-medicalized-health-center-worth-5-billion-rwandan-francs/</ref>. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} kwzj4w20j30px1fok3vcywnjlsvp3q5 0 23013 148512 143007 2026-11-03T12:35:16Z Baraka official 17008 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 148512 wikitext text/x-wiki The Polygamist ni filime y'uruhererekane yo muri Afurika y'Epfo yasohotse kurubuga rwa Netflix ku wa 12 Kamena 2026. Yubakiye ku gitabo cyanditswe na Sue Nyathi , ikaba igizwe n'ibice 22. Inkuru yayo ikaba ishingiye ku mugabo Jonasi Gomora , [[Ubucuruzi Mpuzamahanga bw’Ibinyabuzima Bwenda Gucika|Umucuruzi]] w'icyamamre wubatse ubukungu bukomeye ariko ubuzima bwe bwo murugo burasenyuka kubera kugira abagore n'abakunzi benshi. [[Umugore|Abagore]] be batangira kurwanira urukundo , ubutegetsi n'umutungo ibintu bikurura amabanga , ubuhemu n'intambara z'imbere mu muryango.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://bwiza.com/hamenyekanye-amafaranga-bivugwa-ko-abakinnyi-ba-filime-the-polygamist-bahembwe/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2026-07-09 |archive-date=2026-07-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260713151244/https://bwiza.com/hamenyekanye-amafaranga-bivugwa-ko-abakinnyi-ba-filime-the-polygamist-bahembwe/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Uduhigo imaze guca == Mu gihe gito imaze , The polygamist yabaye imwe muri filime 10 za Netflix zirikurebwa cyane ku isi, ndetse yigeze no kugera ku mwanya wa 3 ku rutonde rwiziri kurebwa cyane ku isi . Mu cyumweru cya kabiri nyuma yo gusohoka , yarebwe inshuro zingana na milliyoni 7.7 ku rwego rw'isi , iza ku mwanya wa 2 muri filime z'uruhererekane zitari mu cyongerereza zirikureba kuri uru rubuga.<ref name=":0" /> Mu byumweru bine imaze ,ikomeje kuguma muri 10 zambere za Netflix ku isi , yanashimwe n'abasesenguzi ba filime, aho Rotten Tomatoes amanota 75 ku isuzuma ry'ubusesenguzi. ibibyatumwe iba imwe muri filime z'uruhererekane zo muri Afurika y'Epfo zakunzwe cyane kuri Netflix muri 2026.<ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/sinema/article/umusogongero-wa-the-polygamist-filime-ikomeje-gukora-ku-marangamutima-ya-benshi</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} mxr4e6zy1d3gprkgovcfcop8k3hl0pl 0 23028 148816 133864 2026-11-04T08:46:11Z Xqbot 767 Correction d’une double redirection depuis [[ABAKORANA BUSHAKE]] vers [[Abakoranabushake]] 148816 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Abakoranabushake]] h3ovl5yijrmzovkxvjsny5x8runr3fl 0 23034 148588 143820 2026-11-03T13:03:34Z Score Beethoven 11559 148588 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox umurenge}} '''Bwishyura''' ni umwe mu [[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|mirenge]] 13 igize [[Akarere ka Karongi]], mu [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba]] bw’u [[Rwanda]]. Ufite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 46,21. Mu 2022, wari utuwe n’abaturage 40.720. Mu 1994, Sitade ya Gatwaro yari muri Segiteri ya Bwishyura. Muri [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]], Abatutsi biciwe muri iyo sitade. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → [[Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Uturere]] → Imirenge → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Ubuso n’abaturage == [[File:Resort in Karongi.jpg|thumb|left|Ikiyaga cya Kivu i Karongi]] Umurenge wa Bwishyura ni umwe mu mirenge 13 y’Akarere ka Karongi.<ref name="cpk">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/31__karongi/ |title=Karongi (District, Rwanda) – Sectors |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Ufite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 46,21.<ref name="cp">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/karongi/3101__bwishyura/ |title=Bwishyura (Sector, Rwanda) – Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Ibarura rusange ryo mu 2012 ryabaruye abaturage 31.960. Ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022 ryabaruye abaturage 40.720. Abagabo bari 19.930. Abagore bari 20.790. Abaturage 18.530 batuye mu [[Umujyi|mujyi]]. Abaturage 22.190 batuye mu cyaro. Ubucucike bwari abaturage 881 kuri kilometero kare.<ref name="cp"/> == Imitegekere == Umurenge wa Bwishyura ugabanyijemo utugari. Akagari na ko kagabanyijemo imidugudu. Kiniha ni kamwe mu tugari tw’Umurenge wa Bwishyura. Umudugudu wa Ruganda uri mu Kagari ka Kiniha.<ref name="kt2022">{{Cite web |url=https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/mu-rwanda/article/karongi-umurambo-w-umunyeshuri-wari-warohamye-wabonetse |title=Karongi: Umurambo w’umunyeshuri wari warohamye wabonetse |last=Munyantore |first=Jean Claude |website=Kigali Today |date=2022-05-11 |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> == Amateka == Mu 1994, Bwishyura yari segiteri ya Komine Gitesi, muri Perefegitura ya Kibuye. Sitade ya Gatwaro yari yubatse muri Segiteri ya Bwishyura.<ref name="minubumwe">{{Cite web |url=https://www.minubumwe.gov.rw/news-detail/kwibuka28-uko-jenoside-yakorewe-abatutsi-yakozwe-hirya-no-hino-mu-gihugu-tariki-ya-18-mata-1994 |title=Kwibuka28: Uko Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yakozwe hirya no hino mu gihugu tariki ya 18 Mata 1994 |website=MINUBUMWE |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Ibitaro bya Kibuye byari bifatanye n’iyo sitade.<ref name="minubumwe"/> Muri [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]], abategetsi ba Perefegitura ya Kibuye bajyanye Abatutsi muri Sitade ya Gatwaro. Ku isonga ryabo hari Perefe [[Clément Kayishema]]. Ubwicanyi muri sitade bwatangiye ku cyumweru tariki ya 18 Mata 1994.<ref name="minubumwe"/> Iruhande rw’ahahoze Sitade ya Gatwaro, mu mujyi wa Kibuye, hari urwibutso rwa Jenoside.<ref name="kt2012">{{Cite web |url=https://kigalitoday.com/kwibuka/article/ishavu-ry-abanyarwanda-ritubere-umusingi-wo-kwiyubaka-umuyobozi-w-umurenge-wa |title=“Ishavu ry’Abanyarwanda ritubere umusingi wo kwiyubaka” Umuyobozi w’umurenge wa Bwishyura |last=Gasana |first=Marcellin |website=Kigali Today |date=2012-04-07 |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Bwishyura Sector|Amafoto y’Umurenge wa Bwishyura]] kuri Wikimedia Commons {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Karongi}} [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Bwishyura]] [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Karongi|Bwishyura]] k7fvi6fd0f2bz5m8yfjmmyn16t2e4pn 0 23176 148725 144217 2026-11-03T13:12:52Z NSHUTIYIMANA Moise 17987 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 148725 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Chantal Umuhoza | image = | birth_date = 1986 | birth_place = Intara y'Amajyepfo, [[U Rwanda]] | nationality = Umunyarwandakazi | citizenship = [[U Rwanda]] | education = Impamyabumenyi y'icyiciro cya kabiri cya kaminuza mu [[ubukungu]]<br />Master of Arts mu [[Uburenganzira bwa muntu|burenganzira bwa muntu]], [[uburinganire]] n'amakimbirane | alma_mater = [[Kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda]]<br />International Institute of Social Studies ([[Ubuholandi]]) | occupation = Uharanira uburenganzira bw'abagore, umuyobozi mukuru w'umuryango | organization = SPECTRA | known_for = Guharanira [[uburinganire]], ubutabera mu by'imyororokere n'ubutabera mu by'ubukungu | movement = Feminisime, Panafurikanisime }} '''Chantal Umuhoza''' (yavutse mu 1986) ni Umunyarwandakazi uharanira uburenganzira bw'abagore (''feminisiti'') n'ubumwe bw'Afurika (''panafurikanisiti''), akaba n'impuguke mu bijyanye n'ubutabera mbonezamubano n'ubutabera mu by'[[ubukungu]]. Ni we washinze akaba n'umuyobozi mukuru wa SPECTRA, [[umuryango utegamiye kuri Leta]] w'urubyiruko rw'abafeminisiti mu [[U Rwanda|Rwanda]], kandi akunze kugira uruhare mu nama zo mu karere no ku rwego mpuzamahanga zigaruka ku burenganzira bw'abagore<ref name="resurj">{{Cite web |language=en |title=Chantal Umuhoza |url=https://resurj.org/team/chantal-umuhoza/ |website=RESURJ |date=2017-09-25 |access-date=2026-10-02}}</ref><ref name="tanga">{{Cite web |language=en |title=Chantal Umuhoza – Executive Director, Founder |url=https://tangacommunity.org/chantal-umuhoza-2/ |website=Tanga Community by SPECTRA |access-date=2026-10-02}}</ref>. == Ubuzima bwite == Chantal Umuhoza yavutse mu 1986 mu [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Ntara y'Amajyepfo]] y'u Rwanda. Ni umwana wa gatatu mu bakobwa bane bavukana. Muri [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]] mu 1994, yabuze ababyeyi be bombi na bashiki be babiri<ref name="newtimes">{{Cite news |language=en |last=Umutesi |first=Doreen |title=Q&A: Chantal Umuhoza: Championing a woman's right to choose |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/71555/Insight/qa-chantal-umuhoza-championing-a-womanas-right-to-choose |work=The New Times |date=2012-04-18 |access-date=2026-10-02}}</ref>. Avuga ko urugamba rwe rwo guharanira uburenganzira bw'[[Umugore|abagore]] rwashibutse mu bihe bya nyuma ya Jenoside, igihe sosiyete nyarwanda, yari isanzwe yiganjemo imyumvire ishyira imbere abagabo, yabonye abagore bagira uruhare rugenda rwiyongera mu kongera kubaka igihugu, bitewe n'ubusumbane mu mubare w'abaturage bwasizwe n'ubwicanyi<ref name="museumslab">{{Cite web |language=en |title=Chantal |url=https://themuseumslab.org/en/profiles/chantal-umuhoza |website=themuseumslab.org |access-date=2026-10-02}}</ref>. == Amashuri == Nyuma ya Jenoside, Chantal Umuhoza yimukiye muri [[Ubugande]], ari na ho yarangirije amashuri yisumbuye. Yagarutse mu Rwanda kwiga muri [[Kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda]], ahakura impamyabumenyi y'icyiciro cya kabiri cya kaminuza mu [[ubukungu]]<ref name="newtimes" />. Nyuma yaho, yabonye impamyabumenyi y'icyiciro cya gatatu (''Master of Arts'') mu [[Uburenganzira bwa muntu|burenganzira bwa muntu]], [[uburinganire]] n'ubushakashatsi ku makimbirane (''Human Rights, Gender and Conflict Studies: Social Justice Perspectives''), muri International Institute of Social Studies mu [[Ubuholandi|Buholandi]], mu mwaka w'amashuri wa 2013–2014<ref name="resurj" /><ref name="tanga" />. == Umwuga == Chantal Umuhoza afite uburambe bw'imyaka irenga 20 akorana n'imiryango itandukanye ya sosiyete sivile, abikorera, imiryango mpuzamahanga n'inzego za Leta. Ubuhanga bwe bwibanda ku butabera mu by'imibonano mpuzabitsina n'imyororokere, ubutabera mu by'ubukungu, ubuyobozi bushingiye ku mahame ya feminisime, kubaka imiryango iharanira impinduka, gutegura no gushyira mu bikorwa politiki, n'ubuvugizi<ref name="tanga" />. Mu 2012, yari umuhuzabikorwa w'imishinga mu Ishyirahamwe Nyarwanda riharanira Imibereho Myiza y'Umuryango (ARBEF)<ref name="newtimes" />. === SPECTRA === Mu 2016, afatanyije n'abandi bakobwa b'abafeminisiti, yashinze SPECTRA, umuryango utegamiye kuri Leta w'urubyiruko rw'abafeminisiti mu Rwanda, washinzwe n'urubyiruko rw'abafeminisiti kandi ukorera urwo rubyiruko. Uwo muryango ugamije kubaka urugaga ruhamye rw'abayobozi bakiri bato b'abafeminisiti bagira uruhare mu guharanira ubutabera mbonezamubano bw'abakobwa n'abagore bakiri bato, binyuze mu kongerera abantu ubushobozi, mu gutoza hagati y'ibisekuru no mu buvugizi<ref name="resurj" />. Ayobora kandi ''Tanga Community by SPECTRA'', ikigo nyarwanda cy'ubucuruzi bugamije imibereho myiza (''social enterprise''), gishingiye ku mahame y'abafeminisiti b'Abanyafurika, kigamije guteza imbere ibikorwa by'abagore, abakobwa n'urubyiruko<ref name="tanga" />. == Ibikorwa ku rwego rw'akarere n'isi == Ku rwego rwa Afurika, Chantal Umuhoza yagize uruhare mu isesengura no mu guhindura politiki mu nzego z'Umuryango w'Afurika Yunze Ubumwe (AU): yabaye umwe mu bagize Inama Ngishwanama y'Urubyiruko ya AU, atanga inama mu ishami rya AU rishinzwe uburinganire, kandi ari mu muryango w'abagore b'Abanyafurika b'abahuza (FEMWISE) mu ishami rishinzwe amahoro n'umutekano<ref name="tanga" />. Ku rwego mpuzamahanga, yagize uruhare mu nama z'Umuryango w'Abibumbye, zirimo Komisiyo ishinzwe Abaturage n'Iterambere, Komisiyo ishinzwe Imibereho y'Abagore (CSW) n'Inama ishinzwe Uburenganzira bwa Muntu. Akurikirana kandi ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry'Intego z'Iterambere Rirambye (SDGs) ku rwego rw'igihugu, rw'akarere n'urw'isi, kandi yagize uruhare mu bikorwa bya ''Generation Equality'' bya UN Women<ref name="tanga" />. == Ibitekerezo == Chantal Umuhoza ashimangira ko mbere ya Jenoside, umugore mu Rwanda yahabwaga agaciro gusa ku bijyanye no kubyara no kwita ku rugo: {{quote|Agaciro konyine abagore bari bafite kwari ukubyara no kuguma mu rugo kugira ngo babe abagore beza n'ababyeyi beza – ibyo gusa.|Chantal Umuhoza<ref>{{Cite web |language=en |title=Women in Rwanda Redefine Gender Roles through Agribusiness |url=https://pulitzercenter.org/stories/women-rwanda-redefine-gender-roles-through-agribusiness |website=Pulitzer Center |access-date=2026-10-02}}</ref>}} == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Imiyoboro yo hanze == * [https://tangacommunity.org/chantal-umuhoza-2/ Umwirondoro wa Chantal Umuhoza] ku rubuga rwa Tanga Community by SPECTRA (mu [[Icyongereza|Cyongereza]]) * [[d:Q141555606|Chantal Umuhoza]] kuri Wikidata [[Ikiciro:Abanyarwandakazi]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore]] [[Ikiciro:Abanyarwanda]] qc6dozv4rc6makfw8e25e5qlwe8rm70 0 23178 148780 142118 2026-11-03T15:44:45Z Score Beethoven 11559 148780 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Ibrahim Traoré | image = Capitaine Ibrahim Traoré.jpg | image_size = 220px | caption = Ibrahim Traoré mu 2026 | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1988|3|14|df=y}} | birth_place = Kéra, Bondokuy, [[Burukina Faso]] | nationality = Umunyaburukinafaso | title = Perezida wa Burkina Faso | term = Kuva ku wa 30 Nzeri 2022 | predecessor = [[Paul-Henri Sandaogo Damiba]] | party = Nta shyaka (yigenga) | alma_mater = Kaminuza ya Wagadugu<br />Ishuri rikuru rya gisirikare Georges Namoano | occupation = Umusirikare, umunyapolitiki | known_for = Perezida w'Ihuriro ry'Ibihugu bya Sahel (kuva ku wa 23 Ukuboza 2025) | relatives = Kassoum Coulibaly (nyirarume)<ref>{{cite web |language=fr |title=Burkina Faso : La galaxie Traoré |url=https://graphics.rfi.fr/traore-burkina-entourage/ |website=RFI |date=2023-12-07 |access-date=2024-01-07}}</ref> }} '''Ibrahim Traoré''' (wavutse ku wa 14 Werurwe 1988 i Kéra, muri komine ya Bondokuy, muri [[Burukina Faso]]) ni umusirikare n'umunyapolitiki w'Umunyaburukinafaso, akaba ari Umukuru w'Igihugu cya Burkina Faso kuva ku wa 30 Nzeri 2022. Yahiritse ku butegetsi Lieutenant-colonel [[Paul-Henri Sandaogo Damiba]] binyuze muri kudeta, afata ubuyobozi bw'Umutwe wo Gukunda Igihugu ugamije Kurinda no Kugarura Ituze (''Mouvement patriotique pour la sauvegarde et la restauration'', MPSR) ku wa 30 Nzeri 2022. Mu ngabo za Burkina Faso, afite ipeti rya Kapiteni. Igihe yageraga ku butegetsi afite imyaka 34, ni we wari umukuru w'igihugu ukiri muto kurusha abandi ku isi. == Ubuzima == === Ubwana n'amashuri === Ibrahim Traoré yavukiye i Kéra, muri komine ya Bondokuy, ku wa 14 Werurwe 1988<ref>{{cite web |language=fr |title=Ibrahim Traoré, président de la Transition : parcours d’un artilleur |url=https://www.sidwaya.info/blog/ibrahim-traore-president-de-la-transition-parcours-dun-artilleur/ |website=Sidwaya |access-date=2023-08-09}}</ref><ref name="wakatsera">{{cite web |language=fr |last=Morin |title=Burkina: exit Damiba, le capitaine Ibrahim Traoré, nouveau président du Faso |url=https://www.wakatsera.com/burkina-exit-damiba-le-capitaine-ibrahim-traore-nouveau-president-du-faso/ |website=Wakat Séra |date=2022-09-30 |access-date=2022-10-01}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |language=fr |author=Radiodiffusion Télévision du Burkina |title=Portrait du nouveau Président du MPSR, le capitaine Ibrahim TRAORE |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X8vtSEppJbc |website=YouTube |date=2022-10-02 |access-date=2022-10-04}}</ref>. Yize amashuri abanza mu ishuri rya Leta rya Bondokuy. Amashuri yisumbuye yayigiye muri ''lycée mixte d'Accart-ville'' i Bobo-Dioulasso, ahakura impamyabumenyi y'amashuri yisumbuye (''baccalauréat série D'') mu 2006<ref>{{cite news |language=fr |title=Le capitaine Ibrahim Traoré, nouvel homme fort du Burkina Faso |work=La Croix |date=2022-10-03 |url=https://www.la-croix.com/Monde/Le-capitaine-Ibrahim-Traore-nouvel-homme-fort-Burkina-Faso-2022-10-03-1201236047 |access-date=2022-10-09}}</ref>. Mu 2006, yinjiye muri Kaminuza ya Wagadugu (ubu yitwa Kaminuza Joseph Ki-Zerbo), mu ishami ry'ubumenyi n'ikoranabuhanga, mu gice cy'ubutabire, ibinyabuzima n'ubumenyi bw'isi (géologie)<ref>{{cite web |language=fr |title=Biographie du président |url=https://www.presidencedufaso.bf/biographie-du-president/ |website=Présidence du Faso |access-date=2024-10-03}}</ref>. Mu 2010, yarangije afite impamyabumenyi y'icyiciro cya kabiri (''maîtrise'') mu bumenyi bw'isi, ayibonana amanota meza<ref>{{cite web |language=rw |title=Burkina Faso: Menya Capt Ibrahim Traoré wafashe ubutegetsi i Ouagadougou |url=https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/articles/c6pkpqrnwwro |website=BBC Gahuza |date=2022-10-03 |access-date=2023-12-31}}</ref>. Igihe yari mu masomo, yari umurwanashyaka w'Ishyirahamwe ry'Igihugu ry'Abanyeshuri ba Burkina (ANEB), umuryango w'abanyeshuri ugendera ku bitekerezo bya Marx<ref name="lemonde-enigmatique">{{cite news |language=fr |last=Douce |first=Sophie |title=Au Burkina Faso, le capitaine Ibrahim Traoré, le président énigmatique qui défie la France |work=Le Monde Afrique |date=2023-05-30}}</ref>. Yari kandi hafi y'amashyirahamwe y'Abayisilamu<ref>{{cite web |language=fr |author=Bakary Sambe |title=Au Sahel, après le militaro-populisme, l'islamo-nationalisme ? |url=https://www.jeuneafrique.com/1514798/politique/au-sahel-apres-le-militaro-populisme-lislamo-nationalisme/ |website=Jeune Afrique |date=2023-12-30 |access-date=2023-12-31}}</ref>, akaba n'umunyamuryango w'Ishyirahamwe ry'Abanyeshuri b'Abayisilamu. === Urugendo mu gisirikare === Traoré ntiyanyuze mu ishuri rya gisirikare rya ''Prytanée militaire de Kadiogo'' (PMK), bitandukanye n'uwo yasimbuye, Damiba, ndetse n'abandi basirikare bakuru benshi bo muri Burkina Faso. Amaze kubona impamyabumenyi ya kaminuza, yinjiye mu gisirikare mu 2010. Yatorejwe mu Ishuri rikuru rya gisirikare Georges Namoano, ishuri rihugura abofisiye riri i Pô, ahasoza ari uwa kabiri mu bo bari bigana<ref name="bur">{{cite web |language=fr |title=Burkina Faso : Ibrahim Traoré, jeune putschiste à la tête du pays des hommes intègres |url=https://www.francetvinfo.fr/monde/afrique/burkina-faso/burkina-faso-ibrahim-traore-jeune-putschiste-a-la-tete-du-pays-des-hommes-integres_5400979.html |website=Franceinfo |date=2022-10-06 |access-date=2022-10-09}}</ref><ref name="qui">{{cite web |language=fr |title=Qui est le capitaine Ibrahim Traoré, le plus jeune chef d'État au monde ? |url=https://www.voaafrique.com/a/burkina-ibrahim-traoré-nouveau-putschiste-et-plus-jeune-chef-d-etat-au-monde/6778263.html |website=VOA Afrique |access-date=2022-10-09}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |language=fr |title=Coup d'État au Burkina Faso : qui est le capitaine Ibrahim Traoré ? |url=https://www.bbc.com/afrique/articles/ce7y7x2gdn8o |website=BBC News Afrique |date=2022-10-03 |access-date=2022-10-09}}</ref>. Nyuma yaho yazamutse vuba mu mapeti ya gisirikare. Mu 2012 yabaye Sous-lieutenant, nyuma y'imyaka ibiri ahabwa ipeti rya Lieutenant, maze mu 2020 azamurwa ku ipeti rya Kapiteni. Muri Werurwe 2022, Perezida Paul-Henri Damiba yamugize umukuru w'imbunda nini (artillerie) muri Batayo ya 10 ishinzwe ubuyobozi, ubufasha n'ingoboka (10^e RCAS) ifite icyicaro i Kaya<ref name="wakatsera" /><ref>{{cite web |language=fr |first=Emmanuel |last=Gautier |title=Burkina Faso : Le capitaine Ibrahim Traoré annonce un coup d'État à la RTB, fin de règne pour Damiba |url=https://afriksoir.net/burkina-faso-capitaine-ibrahim-traore-coup-detat-rtb-fin-regne-damiba/ |website=Afrik Soir |date=2022-09-30 |access-date=2022-10-01}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |language=fr |title=ALERTE - Le capitaine Ibrahim Traoré, 34 ans, « plutôt timide » et « réglo » |url=https://www.omegamedias.info/blog/2022/10/01/-alerte-le-capitaine-ibrahim-traore-34-ans-plutot-timide-et-reglo/ |website=Omega Médias |date=2022-10-01 |access-date=2022-10-02}}</ref>. Kapiteni Traoré yagize uruhare mu bikorwa byinshi bya gisirikare byo [[Iterabwoba|kurwanya iterabwoba]], cyane cyane i Djibo, aho yari ayobowe na Lieutenant-colonel Damiba, icyo gihe wari umuyobozi w'itsinda ry'ingabo zirwanya iterabwoba mu 2017. Yanagize uruhare mu gikorwa cya gisirikare cyiswe ''Otapuanu'' mu 2019<ref>{{cite web |language=fr |title=Lutte anti-terroriste au Burkina : L'armée lance l'opération « Otapuanu » ou pluie de tonnerre dans les régions du Centre Est et de l'Est |url=https://netafrique.net/lutte-anti-terroriste-le-burkina-annonce-une-operation-denommee-otapuanu-dans-les-regions-du-centre-est-et-de-lest/ |website=NetAfrique.net |access-date=2023-11-11}}</ref>, kandi yakoreye mu itsinda ry'ingabo ryari i Markoye, mu ntara ya Sahel<ref>{{cite web |language=fr |title=Ibrahim Traoré, le nouvel homme fort du Burkina (Portrait) |url=https://www.aa.com.tr/fr/afrique/-ibrahim-traoré-le-nouvel-homme-fort-du-burkina-portrait/2699900 |website=Anadolu Ajansı |access-date=2022-10-02}}</ref>. == Perezida wa Burkina Faso == === Kudeta zo muri Mutarama na Nzeri 2022 n'ifatwa ry'ubutegetsi === [[File:2025 Ibrahim Traore (cropped).jpg|thumb|Kapiteni Ibrahim Traoré mu 2025]] Ibrahim Traoré yafashe ubutegetsi binyuze muri kudeta ku wa 30 Nzeri 2022, amaze gutangaza ko Damiba akuwe ku butegetsi<ref>{{cite web |language=fr |title=Burkina : Ibrahim Traoré proclamé président, Damiba destitué |url=https://www.jeuneafrique.com/1381642/politique/burkina-ibrahim-traore-proclame-president-damiba-destitue/ |website=Jeune Afrique |access-date=2022-09-30}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |language=fr |title=Burkina Faso: des militaires annoncent la dissolution du gouvernement et la fermeture des frontières |url=https://www.rfi.fr/fr/en-bref/20220930-burkina-faso-des-militaires-annoncent-la-dissolution-du-gouvernement-et-la-fermeture-des-fronti%C3%A8res |website=RFI |date=2022-09-30 |access-date=2022-09-30}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |language=fr |title=Burkina Faso : le chef de la junte démis de ses fonctions, annoncent des militaires à la télévision |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2022/09/30/burkina-faso-le-chef-de-la-junte-demis-de-ses-fonctions-annoncent-des-militaires-a-la-television_6143908_3212.html |work=Le Monde |date=2022-09-30 |access-date=2022-09-30}}</ref>. Iyo yari kudeta ya kabiri igihugu cyari kibonye muri uwo mwaka. Kapiteni Traoré yari umwe mu basirikare bakuru bagize uruhare muri kudeta yahiritse Perezida [[Roch Marc Christian Kaboré]], igashyira ku butegetsi Lieutenant-colonel Damiba, perezida wa MPSR, ku wa 24 Mutarama 2022<ref>{{cite web |language=fr |title=Burkina: Ibrahim Traoré, nouveau putschiste et plus jeune chef d'Etat au monde |url=https://www.lexpress.fr/actualites/1/monde/burkina-ibrahim-traore-nouveau-putschiste-et-plus-jeune-chef-d-etat-au-monde_2181424.html |website=L'Express |date=2022-10-06 |access-date=2022-10-18}}</ref>. Bitewe n'umutekano wari ukomeje kuzamba no kuba ibyemezo byafashwe mu gihe cya kudeta ya mbere bitarubahirijwe, abo basirikare bahisemo gukura ku butegetsi Perezida Damiba ku wa 30 Nzeri 2022, maze Ibrahim Traoré afata ubuyobozi bwa MPSR. Iyi kudeta yakurikiye ibitero byinshi by'iterabwoba byahitanye abantu benshi, cyane cyane icyabereye i Gaskindé, mu majyaruguru ya Burkina Faso, aho imodoka zari zitwaye ibiribwa zaguye mu gico cy'abaterabwoba. Imibare yatangajwe na Leta yavugaga abasirikare 11 bishwe n'abasivili benshi baburiwe irengero, mu gihe andi makuru yavugaga abasivili bagera ku ijana bishwe<ref>{{cite news |language=en |first1=Thiam |last1=Ndiaga |first2=Anne |last2=Mimault |title=Burkina Faso soldiers announce overthrow of military government |work=Reuters |date=2022-09-30 |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/heavy-gunfire-heard-burkina-faso-capital-reuters-witnesses-2022-09-30/ |access-date=2022-10-01}}</ref><ref name="f24-coup">{{cite web |language=fr |title=Nouveau coup d'État au Burkina Faso : le chef de la junte démis de ses fonctions |url=https://www.france24.com/fr/info-en-continu/20220930-%F0%9F%94%B4-burkina-faso-un-officier-annonce-la-destitution-du-chef-de-la-junte-%C3%A0-la-t%C3%A9l%C3%A9vision |website=France 24 |date=2022-09-30 |access-date=2022-09-30}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |language=fr |title=Burkina Faso : le colonel Damiba déposé par le capitaine Ibrahima Traoré |url=https://www.financialafrik.com/2022/09/30/burkina-faso-le-colonel-damiba-depose-par-le-capitaine-ibrahima-traore/ |website=Financial Afrik |date=2022-09-30 |access-date=2022-10-01}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |language=fr |first=Agnès |last=Faivre |title=Au Burkina Faso, une nouvelle attaque meurtrière contre un convoi d'aide humanitaire |url=https://www.liberation.fr/international/afrique/au-burkina-faso-une-nouvelle-attaque-meurtriere-contre-un-convoi-daide-humanitaire-20220928_GBC2RIXZFNABXAOISK74BLYAGE/ |website=Libération |access-date=2022-10-01}}</ref>. Damiba yaje kwegura ku wa 2 Ukwakira 2022<ref>{{cite web |language=fr |title=DIRECT Burkina Faso : le chef de la junte destitué, le lieutenant-colonel Paul-Henri Damiba, a accepté de démissionner |url=https://www.francetvinfo.fr/monde/afrique/burkina-faso/coup-d-etat-au-burkina-faso/burkina-faso-des-gaz-lacrymogenes-tires-devant-l-ambassade-de-france-pour-disperser-des-manifestants-favorables-aux-putschistes_5393296.html |website=Franceinfo |date=2022-10-02 |access-date=2022-10-02}}</ref>. === Imiyoborere === Amaze gufata ubutegetsi ku wa 30 Nzeri, Ibrahim Traoré yatangaje ati: {{Quote|Ntituri hano ku bw'ubutegetsi. Dufite gahunda y'amezi cumi n'abiri, muri yo tuzakemura udukibazo duto tw'ibikoresho twubahiriza indangagaciro za muntu.}}<ref name="afxxi-terreur">{{cite web |language=fr |first=Rachid Zaïd |last=Combary |title=« La junte militaire a instauré la terreur partout » - Série (3) |url=https://afriquexxi.info/La-junte-militaire-a-instaure-la-terreur-partout |website=Afrique XXI |date=2024-08-28 |access-date=2024-09-08}}</ref> Ku wa 6 Ukwakira, itegeko shingiro ryagaruye Itegeko Nshinga maze ritangaza ko Traoré ari Umukuru w'Igihugu<ref>{{cite web |language=fr |title=Burkina Faso : Traoré devient officiellement chef de l'État |url=https://www.aa.com.tr/fr/afrique/burkina-faso-traor%C3%A9-devient-officiellement-chef-de-letat/2703866 |website=Anadolu Ajansı |access-date=2022-10-15}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |language=fr |title=Le capitaine Ibrahim Traoré officiellement désigné président du Burkina Faso |url=https://www.lefigaro.fr/flash-actu/le-capitaine-ibrahim-traore-officiellement-designe-president-du-burkina-faso-20221005 |website=Le Figaro |date=2022-10-05 |access-date=2022-10-09}}</ref>. Yabaye atyo Umuyisilamu wa mbere ugeze kuri uwo mwanya kuva Saye Zerbo yahirikwa ku butegetsi mu 1982<ref>{{cite web |language=fr |title=Burkina Faso : Ibrahim Traoré, le visage d’un souverainisme "made in Sahel" |url=https://www.lexpress.fr/monde/afrique/burkina-faso-ibrahim-traore-le-visage-dun-souverainisme-made-in-sahel-GZNPL4T4MRDXHCGY7YCKKRU3ZI/ |website=L'Express |date=2023-01-28 |access-date=2023-10-20}}</ref>. Avuga ko ari gukemura gusa ibibazo by'ibanze by'igihugu, Traoré yatangaje ko perezida w'inzibacyuho, yaba umusivili cyangwa umusirikare, azatoranywa n'inama nkuru y'igihugu (''assises'') ku wa 14 Ukwakira 2022<ref>{{cite news |language=fr |title=Au Burkina Faso, un président de transition doit être désigné en fin de semaine |work=Le Monde |date=2022-10-10 |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2022/10/10/au-burkina-faso-un-president-de-transition-doit-etre-designe-en-fin-de-semaine_6145137_3212.html |access-date=2022-10-11}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |language=fr |title=Capitaine Ibrahim Traoré: «Les assises vont désigner un président de la transition» au Burkina Faso |url=https://www.rfi.fr/fr/podcasts/invit%C3%A9-afrique/20221003-capitaine-ibrahim-traor%C3%A9-les-assises-vont-d%C3%A9signer-un-pr%C3%A9sident-de-la-transition-au-burkina-faso |website=RFI |date=2022-10-03 |access-date=2022-10-05}}</ref>. Abamushyigikiye bakoze imyigaragambyo basaba ko ari we wahabwa kuyobora igihugu<ref>{{cite web |language=fr |title=Burkina Faso : les partisans d'Ibrahim Traoré font monter la tension |url=https://www.jeuneafrique.com/1385101/politique/burkina-les-partisans-dibrahim-traore-font-monter-la-tension/ |website=Jeune Afrique |access-date=2022-10-15}}</ref>, maze ahabwa kuyobora inzibacyuho nk'umuyobozi wa MPSR<ref>{{cite web |language=fr |title=Burkina: le putschiste Ibrahim Traoré président de la transition jusqu'en 2024 |url=https://information.tv5monde.com/afrique/burkina-le-putschiste-ibrahim-traore-president-de-la-transition-jusqu-en-2024-474904 |website=TV5Monde |date=2022-10-14 |access-date=2022-10-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221015003909/https://information.tv5monde.com/afrique/burkina-le-putschiste-ibrahim-traore-president-de-la-transition-jusqu-en-2024-474904 |archive-date=2022-10-15 |url-status=dead}}</ref>. Ku wa 21 Ukwakira, yarahiriye kuba Perezida w'inzibacyuho imbere y'Urukiko rurinda Itegeko Nshinga<ref>{{cite web |language=fr |title=Burkina Faso : le putschiste Ibrahim Traoré a été investi président de transition |url=https://www.france24.com/fr/afrique/20221021-burkina-faso-le-putschiste-ibrahim-traor%C3%A9-a-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-investi-pr%C3%A9sident-de-transition |website=France 24 |date=2022-10-21 |access-date=2022-10-21}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |language=fr |title=Burkina Faso : après son putsch, le capitaine Traoré se rêve en nouveau Sankara |work=Le Monde |date=2022-10-21 |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2022/10/21/burkina-faso-apres-son-putsch-le-capitaine-traore-se-reve-en-nouveau-sankara_6146842_3212.html |access-date=2022-10-21}}</ref>. Mu Ugushyingo, yanze guhembwa umushahara wa perezida, ahitamo kuguma ahembwa uwa kapiteni<ref>{{cite web |language=fr |title=Au Gabon, Brice Clotaire Oligui Nguema « renonce à son traitement de président » |url=https://www.jeuneafrique.com/1494965/politique/au-gabon-brice-clotaire-oligui-nguema-renonce-a-son-traitement-de-president/ |website=Jeune Afrique |date=2023-10-19}}</ref>. Ku wa 3 Gashyantare 2023, Ibrahim Traoré yatangaje ibitero bikomeye byari bigiye kugabwa ku barwanyi b'intagondwa z'abajihadi, asaba abaturage kumushyigikira<ref name="afxxi-ib" />. Muri Mata 2023, yatangaje ko igihugu cyose kigomba kwitegura urugamba (''mobilisation générale'')<ref>{{cite web |language=fr |title=Au Burkina Faso, Ibrahim Traoré décrète la mobilisation générale |url=https://www.jeuneafrique.com/1436057/politique/au-burkina-faso-ibrahim-traore-decrete-la-mobilisation-generale/ |website=Jeune Afrique |access-date=2023-04-14}}</ref>. Muri Gicurasi, yavuze ku bihugu "by'inshuti" bafatanya cyangwa bongera ubufatanye mu bya gisirikare: [[Uburusiya]], aho abacancuro b'itsinda rya Wagner bashobora kuba bari muri Burkina Faso<ref>{{cite news |language=fr |title=Les mercenaires Wagner présents au Burkina Faso, affirme le président ghanéen |work=Le Monde |date=2022-12-16 |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2022/12/16/les-mercenaires-wagner-presents-au-burkina-faso-affirme-le-president-ghaneen_6154693_3212.html |access-date=2023-07-15}}</ref>, [[Turukiya]] imuha indege zitagira abapilote (drones) zo mu bwoko bwa Bayraktar TB2, ndetse na [[Koreya y’Amajyaruguru]] yatekerezaga ko yamuha intwaro<ref name="afxxi-ib" />. Icyo gihe, guverinoma yahisemo kwifashisha ingabo zayo bwite mu kurwanya abajihadi, kandi ntibyagaragaraga ko yasabye ubufasha bw'Abarusiya ba Wagner<ref name="lemonde-enigmatique" />. Mu rwego rwo gukaza [[Iterabwoba|urugamba rwo kurwanya iterabwoba]], guverinoma ye yateguye igikorwa kidasanzwe cyo kwinjiza abasirikare 3 000, ndetse no kwinjiza abafasha b'ingabo 50 000 bitwa "Abakorerabushake bo kurinda Igihugu" (''Volontaires pour la défense de la patrie'', VDP)<ref name="afxxi-ib">{{cite web |language=fr |title=Au Burkina Faso, la guerre selon « IB » |url=https://afriquexxi.info/Au-Burkina-Faso-la-guerre-selon-IB |website=Afrique XXI |date=2023-07-10 |access-date=2023-07-15}}</ref>. Kubera ko ingengo y'imari ya Leta, yari yazahajwe n'ibihano by'ubukungu, itabashaga gutera inkunga urugamba rwo kurwanya abajihadi, guverinoma yongereye imisoro<ref>{{cite web |language=fr |title=Ibrahim Traoré : au Burkina, la guerre taxe après taxe |url=https://www.jeuneafrique.com/1466721/politique/ibrahim-traore-au-burkina-la-guerre-taxe-apres-taxe/ |website=Jeune Afrique |access-date=2024-10-18}}</ref>. Bitewe n'imyaka ye, uburambe afite ku rugamba n'imivugire ye, Ibrahim Traoré akundwa n'urubyiruko, rugize abarenga 70 % by'abaturage ariko rukaba rudahagarariwe bihagije mu nzego za politiki. Mu ijambo rye akunze kwifashisha ibitekerezo bya [[Thomas Sankara]], nko guharanira ubusugire bw'igihugu no kwamagana ubukoloni bushya (''impérialisme'')<ref name="lemonde-enigmatique" />. Akurikiza politiki irwanya [[Ubufaransa]]<ref>{{cite web |language=fr |title=Au Burkina Faso, la France en sursis après le départ de Sabre |url=https://www.voaafrique.com/a/au-burkina-faso-la-france-en-sursis-apr%C3%A8s-le-d%C3%A9part-de-sabre/6973676.html |website=VOA Afrique |date=2023-02-22 |access-date=2024-03-22}}</ref>, bimuhesha gushyigikirwa n'abaharanira ubumwe bwa Afurika (''panafricanistes'') ndetse n'Abayisilamu b'Abawahabi<ref>{{cite news |language=fr |title=Burkina Faso : quand Russes, wahhabites et panafricanistes font cause commune autour de la junte |work=Le Monde |date=2023-02-16 |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2023/02/16/burkina-faso-quand-russes-wahhabites-et-panafricanistes-font-cause-commune-autour-de-la-junte_6162118_3212.html |access-date=2023-10-20}}</ref>. Nyamara, uretse uko gukundwa, sosiyete sivile, abanyamakuru, abacamanza n'abayobozi b'amashyaka bibasirwa n'igitugu cy'ubutegetsi bwa gisirikare, rimwe na rimwe bakajyanwa ku ngufu mu gisirikare ku rugamba. Abasivili na bo bahuye n'ibyo, ndetse bamwe baburirwa irengero ku gahato<ref>{{cite web |language=fr |title=Capitaine Ibrahim Traore : pourquoi est-il si populaire auprès de la jeunesse africaine ? |url=https://www.bbc.com/afrique/articles/c2kvykyy9g3o |website=BBC News Afrique |date=2025-05-02 |access-date=2025-05-03}}</ref>. Ku wa 16 Nzeri 2023, Ibrahim Traoré, ari kumwe na Colonel [[Assimi Goïta]] na Jenerali [[Abdourahamane Tiani]], bashinze Ihuriro ry'Ibihugu bya Sahel (''Alliance des États du Sahel'', AES), amasezerano yo gutabarana hagati ya [[Mali]], [[Nigeri]] na [[Burukina Faso]]. Ku wa 28 Mutarama 2024, yakuye Burkina Faso mu Muryango w'Ubukungu w'Ibihugu by'Afurika y'Iburengerazuba (CEDEAO). Amaze kurokoka umugambi wa kudeta muri Nzeri 2023, yitabaje abasirikare b'Abarusiya ngo bamurinde<ref>{{cite web |language=fr |title=Au Burkina Faso, des militaires russes pour protéger Ibrahim Traoré ? |url=https://www.jeuneafrique.com/1503219/politique/au-burkina-faso-des-militaires-russes-pour-proteger-ibrahim-traore/ |website=Jeune Afrique |access-date=2023-12-31}}</ref>. Mu Ukuboza, Minisitiri w'Intebe mushya, Apollinaire Joachim Kyélem de Tambèla, yatangaje ko [[Uburusiya]] buzafasha mu ivugurura ry'ingabo za Burkina Faso, cyane cyane mu gushyiraho batayo nshya zo gutabara byihuse, mu gihe [[Ubushinwa]] na [[Turukiya]] na byo byari kuzatanga ubufasha<ref name="afxxi-terreur" />. Muri icyo gihe kandi, guverinoma ya Burkina Faso yasinye amasezerano n'Uburusiya yo kubaka uruganda rutanga amashanyarazi akomoka ku ngufu za nikleyeri<ref name="afxxi-terreur" />. Ku wa 25 Gicurasi 2024, nyuma y'indi nama nkuru y'inzibacyuho itaritabiriwe n'amatsinda ya sosiyete sivile n'amashyaka atavuga rumwe na Ibrahim Traoré, inzibacyuho yongerewe imyaka itanu (guhera ku wa 2 Nyakanga 2024) hemejwe itegeko rishya (''charte'') rimuha izina rya Perezida wa Burkina Faso, rikanamwemerera kuzaziyamamaza mu matora azakurikira. Iyi nama yabaye hashize iminsi mike habaye indi isa na yo muri Mali, igihugu bafatanyije, na yo yongereye inzibacyuho imyaka itanu<ref>{{cite web |language=fr |title=Burkina Faso: la durée de la transition prolongée pour cinq ans |url=https://www.rfi.fr/fr/afrique/20240525-burkina-faso-la-dur%C3%A9e-de-la-transition-prolong%C3%A9e-pour-cinq-ans |website=RFI |date=2024-05-25 |access-date=2024-05-26}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |language=fr |title=Au Burkina Faso, des assises sous haute surveillance pour prolonger une transition sans paix |work=Le Monde |date=2024-05-24 |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2024/05/24/au-burkina-faso-des-assises-sous-haute-surveillance-pour-prolonger-une-transition-sans-paix_6235312_3212.html |access-date=2024-05-26}}</ref>. Uwo munsi nyine, Traoré yashyize umukono kuri iryo tegeko rishya, bituma ritangira gukurikizwa<ref>{{cite web |language=fr |title=Au Burkina Faso, le capitaine putschiste Ibrahim Traoré se ressert cinq ans de mandat |url=https://www.liberation.fr/international/afrique/au-burkina-faso-le-capitaine-ibrahim-traore-reprend-cinq-ans-20240527_P4LWF5QNI5H27INN5Y6ZRSS7X4/ |website=Libération |access-date=2024-05-28}}</ref>. Ku wa 11 Kamena 2024, abajihadi b'Itsinda rishyigikira Isilamu n'Abayisilamu (JNIM) bagabye igitero ku kigo cya gisirikare no muri komine ya Mansila<ref>{{cite web |language=fr |title=Burkina Faso: des survivants racontent l'attaque de Mansila revendiquée par le JNIM |url=https://www.rfi.fr/fr/afrique/20240618-burkina-faso-des-survivants-racontent-l-attaque-de-mansila-revendiqu%C3%A9e-par-le-jnim |website=RFI |date=2024-06-18 |access-date=2024-06-19}}</ref>. Bukeye bwaho, igisasu cyarashwe ku cyicaro cya Televiziyo y'igihugu (RTB), hafi y'ingoro ya perezida i [[Wagadugu]], abakirashe ntibamenyekana<ref>{{cite web |language=fr |title=Burkina Faso: des questions toujours en suspens après des détonations à la télé publique et une attaque dans le Nord-Est |url=https://www.rfi.fr/fr/afrique/20240617-burkina-des-questions-toujours-en-suspens-apr%C3%A8s-des-d%C3%A9tonations-%C3%A0-la-t%C3%A9l%C3%A9-publique-et-une-attaque-dans-le-nord-est |website=RFI |date=2024-06-17 |access-date=2024-06-19}}</ref>. Mu minsi yakurikiyeho, kuba Ibrahim Traoré atagaragaraga cyane mu ruhame byateje ibibazo mu Banyaburukinafaso. Abasirikare ba Mali n'abacancuro b'Abarusiya ba Wagner bageze i Wagadugu muri iyo minsi, ariko inshingano zabo ntizasobanuwe<ref>{{cite web |language=fr |title=Des « instructeurs » russes envoyés à Ouagadougou |url=https://www.jeuneafrique.com/1579057/politique/des-instructeurs-russes-envoyes-a-ouagadougou/ |website=Jeune Afrique |date=2024-06-19 |access-date=2024-06-19}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |language=fr |title=Burkina Faso: des soldats maliens et des mercenaires russes de Wagner sont arrivés à Ouagadougou |url=https://www.rfi.fr/fr/afrique/20240618-burkina-faso-des-soldats-maliens-et-des-mercenaires-russes-de-wagner-sont-arriv%C3%A9s-%C3%A0-ouagadougou |website=RFI |date=2024-06-18 |access-date=2024-06-19}}</ref>. Inama y'Abaminisitiri yagombaga kuyobora ku wa 19 Kamena 2024<ref>{{cite web |language=fr |title=Burkina Faso: report du Conseil des ministres, Ibrahim Traoré serait «caché» |url=https://www.rfi.fr/fr/afrique/20240619-burkina-faso-report-du-conseil-des-ministres-ibrahim-traor%C3%A9-serait-cach%C3%A9 |website=RFI |date=2024-06-19 |access-date=2024-06-19}}</ref> yimuriwe bukeye bwaho, maze Traoré yongera kugaragara icyo gihe<ref>{{cite web |language=fr |title=Burkina Faso: le chef de l'État préside un Conseil des ministres mais soulève toujours des questions |url=https://www.rfi.fr/fr/afrique/20240620-burkina-faso-le-chef-de-l-%C3%A9tat-pr%C3%A9side-un-conseil-des-ministres-mais-soul%C3%A8ve-toujours-des-questions |website=RFI |date=2024-06-20}}</ref>. Muri Kanama, igihugu cyagabweho igitero cy'iterabwoba cy'abajihadi cyahitanye abantu benshi kurusha ibindi byose mu mateka yacyo, mu mudugudu wa Barsalogho mu majyaruguru rwagati y'igihugu, aho abaturage bari hagati ya 300 na 400 bishwe n'Itsinda rishyigikira Isilamu n'Abayisilamu (JNIM)<ref>{{cite news |language=fr |last=Le Cam |first=Morgane |title=Le Burkina Faso a subi l’attaque terroriste la plus meurtrière de son histoire |work=Le Monde |date=2024-08-28 |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2024/08/28/le-burkina-faso-face-a-l-attaque-terroriste-la-plus-meurtriere-de-son-histoire_6297561_3212.html}}</ref>. Amashusho n'amafoto by'impimbano byakozwe hifashishijwe ubwenge buhangano (AI), birata Ibrahim Traoré, byuzuye ku mbuga nkoranyambaga. Muri ayo mashusho, akozwe neza cyangwa nabi, kapiteni agaragazwa nk'umuyobozi w'intwari urinda abaturage be, kandi akwirakwizwa na konti z'impimbano. Ayo mashusho, atagenewe abaturage ba Burkina Faso, rimwe na rimwe arebwa n'abantu babarirwa muri za miliyoni, kandi akenshi akurura ibitekerezo by'abamushima, haba muri Afurika ivuga [[Igifaransa]] aho Ibrahim Traoré asanzwe azwi, haba muri Afurika ivuga [[Icyongereza]], cyane cyane muri [[Gana]], [[Nijeriya]] na [[Kenya]], ndetse no muri [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]] no mu birwa bya Karayibe<ref>{{cite news |language=fr |last=Roger |first=Benjamin |title=Burkina Faso : Ibrahim Traoré, superstar de la désinformation |work=Le Monde |date=2025-06-30 |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2025/06/30/burkina-faso-ibrahim-traore-superstar-de-l-anti-imperialisme-online_6617007_3212.html}}</ref>. Ayo mashusho amwerekana ari kumwe n'ibyamamare by'isi nka Beyoncé, Rihanna cyangwa Justin Bieber<ref>{{cite news |language=fr |last=Marotte |first=Adrien |title=Beyoncé, Rihanna, Justin Bieber… Comment l’IA crée un mythe autour d’Ibrahim Traoré, chef de la junte du Burkina Faso |work=Le Figaro |date=2025-07-22 |url=https://www.lefigaro.fr/international/beyonce-rihanna-justin-bieber-comment-l-ia-cree-un-mythe-autour-d-ibrahim-traore-chef-de-la-junte-du-burkina-faso-20250722}}</ref>. Andi mashusho menshi y'impimbano agaragaza "ubukungu bwa Burkina Faso butera imbere, bubasha gukora telefoni zigezweho, ibinyabiziga n'imashini z'ubuhinzi"<ref>{{cite web |language=fr |last=Pham |first=Quang |title=Le Burkina Faso, champion industriel ? Une campagne de propagande générée par IA |url=https://www.france24.com/fr/afrique/20250717-burkina-faso-champion-industriel-smartphones-tracteurs-campagne-propagande-ia |website=France 24 |date=2025-07-17}}</ref>. Ku wa 23 Ukuboza 2025, yasimbuye Assimi Goïta ku mwanya wa Perezida w'Ihuriro ry'Ibihugu bya Sahel. Ku wa 29 Mutarama 2026, nyuma y'inama y'Abaminisitiri, guverinoma ya gisirikare yasheshe amashyaka ya politiki yose<ref>{{cite web |language=fr |title=Burkina Faso-Le gouvernement militaire dissout tous les partis politiques |url=https://www.boursorama.com/actualite-economique/actualites/burkina-faso-le-gouvernement-militaire-dissout-tous-les-partis-politiques-6a43758d03db1480873970789daf2e11 |website=Boursorama |date=2026-01-29 |access-date=2026-01-30}}</ref>. Ku wa 3 Mata 2026, mu kiganiro yagiriye kuri Televiziyo y'igihugu (RTB), Kapiteni Ibrahim Traoré yatangaje ko Burkina Faso igomba kwibagirwa igitekerezo cya demokarasi, avuga ko muri iki gihe gikoreshwa n'abakoloni bashya (''impérialistes'')<ref>{{cite web |language=fr |last=Sidwaya |title=Le capitaine Ibrahim Traoré, Président du Faso: « La reconquête, la refondation et la Révolution, c’est la seule voie pour se développer » |url=https://www.sidwaya.info/le-capitaine-ibrahim-traore-president-du-faso-la-reconquete-la-refondation-et-la-revolution-cest-la-seule-voie-pour-se-developper/ |website=Sidwaya |date=2026-04-06 |access-date=2026-04-07}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |language=fr |author=Radiodiffusion Télévision du Burkina |title=An I de la proclamation de la RPP : Le Capitaine Ibrahim TRAORE face à la presse |url=https://www.youtube.com/live/Z0xroLNltHk?t=7654 |website=YouTube |format=video}}</ref>: {{Quote|Za demokarasi zishe abana, za demokarasi zateye ibisasu, zica abagore, zisenya ibitaro, zica abaturage b'abasivili. Ese iyo ni yo demokarasi? Bakora nk'aho batabibona (abanyabwenge), aho ngaho bahumiriza. Urubyiruko rw'Afurika rugomba kumva ko ibyo ari ibinyoma. Iki gitekerezo cya demokarasi ni ikinyoma, ni inkoni gusa abantu bafata bakayikoresha bahana Abanyafurika n'abandi baturage bamwe. Ni yo mpamvu tugomba kwibagirwa igitekerezo cya demokarasi. Tugomba kugira umutima w'impinduramatwara. Guhindura ubuzima bwacu mu buryo bw'impinduramatwara…}}<ref>{{cite web |language=fr |title=Ibrahim Traoré estime que le Burkina Faso doit « oublier » la démocratie |url=https://www.bbc.com/afrique/articles/c4gvdrl5xyko |website=BBC News Afrique |date=2026-04-03 |access-date=2026-04-03}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |language=fr |title=Burkina Faso : « La démocratie, c’est pas pour nous », martèle le chef de la junte |work=Le Monde |date=2026-04-03 |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2026/04/03/burkina-faso-la-democratie-c-est-pas-pour-nous-martele-le-chef-de-la-junte_6676235_3212.html |access-date=2026-09-16}}</ref> == Ibihembo n'ishimwe == === Ibihembo === * 2023: Igihembo cy'"Umukunzi w'Igihugu w'Indashyikirwa w'umwaka" (''Prix Yoro''), cyatanzwe mu nshuro ya mbere y'ibirori byiswe ''Grande Nuit du patriotisme'', byateguwe n'ishyirahamwe ''Léeré Sarré'' mu Kigo cy'Igihugu cy'Ubuhanzi, Imyidagaduro n'Itangazamakuru (CENASA) i [[Wagadugu]]<ref>{{cite web |language=fr |first=Abdoul Gani |last=Barry |title=Première édition de la « Grande nuit du patriotisme » : Le Capitaine Ibrahim Traoré reçoit le prix du super patriote de l’année |url=https://burkina24.com/2023/06/24/premiere-edition-de-la-grande-nuit-du-patriotisme-le-capitaine-ibrahim-traore-recoit-le-prix-du-super-patriote-de-lannee/ |website=Burkina24 |date=2023-06-24 |access-date=2026-09-25}}</ref>. * 2025: Igihembo cy'icyubahiro cyatanzwe mu birori bya gatatu byo guhemba abantu bavuga rikijyana kurusha abandi mu mwaka, byateguwe n'ishyirahamwe ''Intelligence burkinabè pour le développement'' i Wagadugu<ref>{{cite web |language=fr |title=Promotion du leadership au Burkina: 10 personnalités dont le capitaine Ibrahim Traoré distinguées |url=https://la-plume.bf/2025/03/28/promotion-du-leadership-au-burkina-10-personnalites-dont-le-capitaine-ibrahim-traore-distinguees/ |website=La Plume |date=2025-03-28 |access-date=2026-09-25}}</ref>. * 2025: Igihembo cyihariye kubera uruhare rwe mu guteza imbere ubushakashatsi, udushya n'ibihangano muri Burkina Faso, cyatanzwe mu nshuro ya 15 y'Ihuriro ry'Igihugu ry'Ubushakashatsi n'Udushya mu Ikoranabuhanga (FRSIT) i Wagadugu<ref>{{cite web |language=fr |title=Burkina Faso : l'innovation encouragée par le président Ibrahim Traoré |url=https://africa24tv.com/burkina-faso-linnovation-encouragee-par-le-president-ibrahim-traore/ |website=Africa24 TV |date=2025-10-23 |access-date=2026-09-25}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |language=fr |title=15e édition du FRSIT : Boubacar ZONGO sacré lauréat du Bangré d’or |url=https://www.mesrsi.gov.bf/informations/actualites/details?cHash=c5c9c5f9e6c9c986f964bb0e2ce4f8da&tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=1427 |website=Ministère de l'Enseignement supérieur, de la Recherche scientifique et de l'Innovation |date=2025-10-27 |access-date=2026-09-25}}</ref>. === Ishimwe === * 2023: Umudari wa BRICS, wamuhawe na Larisa Zelentsova, perezida w'ihuriro mpuzamahanga ry'imishinga y'ingenzi ya BRICS, i Wagadugu, mu rwego rwo gushimira ibikorwa bye biharanira ubusugire bw'igihugu<ref>{{cite web |language=fr |title=Vers un remodelage des Brics |url=https://www.dw.com/fr/brics-afrique-burkina-cooperation-russie/a-65905812 |website=DW |access-date=2026-09-25}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |language=fr |title=Diplomatie : le Président de la Transition décoré de la Médaille des BRICS |url=https://www.presidencedufaso.bf/diplomatie-le-president-de-la-transition-decore-de-la-medaille-des-brics/ |website=Présidence du Faso |access-date=2026-09-25}}</ref>. * 2024: Yagizwe "Umuyobozi Mukuru w'Abafatanyabikorwa b'Ikiragano Gishya" (''ANGe en chef'') wa Burkina Faso n'umuryango wa sosiyete sivile Fasokooz, mu birori byawo byo gutangira umwaka wa 2024-2025 i Wagadugu<ref>{{cite news |language=fr |title=Le président Traoré fait « ANGe en chef » du Burkina |work=Agence d'Information du Burkina |date=2024-07-06 |url=https://www.aib.media/le-president-traore-fait-ange-en-chef-du-burkina/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250125063619/https://www.aib.media/le-president-traore-fait-ange-en-chef-du-burkina/ |archive-date=2025-01-25 |access-date=2026-09-25 |url-status=live}}</ref>. * 2025: [[File:Mali Ordre national du Mali GC ribbon.svg|50px]] Grand-croix y'Urwego rw'Igihugu (''Ordre national'') rwa Repubulika ya [[Mali]]<ref>{{cite web |language=fr |title=2e session du collège des chefs d’État de l’AES |url=https://www.presidencedufaso.bf/2e-session-du-college-des-chefs-detat-de-laes/ |website=Présidence du Faso |access-date=2026-09-25}}</ref>. == Mu muco rusange == === Indirimbo === * 2024: ''Cet homme m'enjaille'' ya Jah Lee<ref>{{cite web |language=fr |last=Sidwaya |title=Musique: L’artiste burkinabé JAH LEE lance un vibrant hommage au capitaine Ibrahim Traoré |url=https://www.sidwaya.info/musique-lartiste-burkinabe-jah-lee-lance-un-vibrant-hommage-au-capitaine-ibrahim-traore/ |website=Sidwaya |date=2025-01-21 |access-date=2026-09-25}}</ref>. * 2025: ''IB Kouma'' ya Elie Kamano<ref>{{cite web |language=en |title=IB KOUMA - Single by Elie Kamano |url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/ib-kouma-single/1818169402 |website=Apple Music |date=2025-05-29 |access-date=2026-09-25}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |language=fr |title=Élie Kamano demande la nationalité burkinabè ! |url=https://mediaguinee.com/2025/06/elie-kamano-demande-la-nationalite-burkinabe/ |website=Mediaguinee.com |date=2025-06-09 |access-date=2026-09-25}}</ref>. * 2025: ''Dî Tiu-Wan-Nï'', alubumu ya Alice Aditoua igizwe n'indirimbo esheshatu, aho yunamira Ibrahim Traoré n'Ihuriro ry'Ibihugu bya Sahel<ref>{{cite web |language=fr |title=Alice Aditoua, artiste burkinabè : « je vous donne rendez-vous ce 6 décembre, pour la sortie officielle de mon 5e album » |url=https://actuburkina.net/alice-aditoua-artiste-burkinabe-je-vous-donne-rendez-vous-ce-6-decembre-pour-la-sortie-officielle-de-mon-5e-album/ |website=ActuBurkina |date=2025-12-04 |access-date=2026-09-25}}</ref>. * 2025: ''Naaba Nii Toumdé'' ya David Le Combattant<ref>{{cite web |language=fr |title=Naaba Nii Toumdé - Single par David le combattant |url=https://music.apple.com/ci/album/naaba-nii-toumd%C3%A9-single/1860678097 |website=Apple Music |date=2025-12-12 |access-date=2026-09-25}}</ref>. * 2026: ''Yédimpo'', alubumu ya Marie Gayéri, irimo indirimbo yitwa ''Traoré''<ref>{{cite web |language=fr |title=Burkina Faso : Marie Gayéri rend hommage au Capitaine Ibrahim Traoré dans son 5ᵉ album, « Yédimpo » |url=https://faso7.com/2026/02/02/burkina-faso-marie-gayeri-rend-hommage-au-capitaine-ibrahim-traore-dans-son-5%e1%b5%89-album-yedimpo/ |website=Faso7 |date=2026-02-02 |access-date=2026-09-25}}</ref>. === Ibitabo === * 2024: ''Le Capitaine Ibrahim ou le Guerrier révolté'', cyanditswe na Yaya Ouédraogo<ref>{{cite news |language=fr |title=Littérature : Yaya Ouédraogo rend hommage au capitaine Ibrahim Traoré, « un guerrier révolté » |work=Agence d'Information du Burkina |date=2024-11-18 |url=https://www.aib.media/litterature-yaya-ouedraogo-rend-hommage-au-capitaine-ibrahim-traore-un-guerrier-revolte/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250713195032/https://www.aib.media/litterature-yaya-ouedraogo-rend-hommage-au-capitaine-ibrahim-traore-un-guerrier-revolte/ |archive-date=2025-07-13 |access-date=2026-09-25 |url-status=live}}</ref>. * 2024: ''Le capitaine Ibrahim Traoré : l'espoir retrouvé ou la renaissance d'un peuple déboussolé'', cyanditswe n'umwanditsi w'Umunyaburukinafaso Abdoul Moumouni Ouédraogo<ref>{{cite news |language=fr |title=Burkina : Un auteur présente la vision du capitaine Traoré dans un livre de 117 pages |work=Agence d'Information du Burkina |date=2024-10-26 |url=https://www.aib.media/burkina-un-auteur-presente-la-vision-du-capitaine-traore-dans-un-livre-de-117-pages/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241104075250/https://www.aib.media/burkina-un-auteur-presente-la-vision-du-capitaine-traore-dans-un-livre-de-117-pages/ |archive-date=2024-11-04 |access-date=2026-09-25 |url-status=live}}</ref>. * 2025: ''La Vision du Capitaine Ibrahim Traoré'', [[igitabo]] cya Kiswendsida Jules César Kaboré, gikusanyirizwamo amagambo Ibrahim Traoré yavuze hagati y'Ukwakira 2022 na Mutarama 2025<ref>{{cite web |language=fr |title=Littérature : « La vision du Capitaine Ibrahim TRAORÉ » écrite par Kiswendsida Jules César Kaboré |url=https://burkina24.com/2025/06/13/litterature-la-vision-du-capitaine-ibrahim-traore-ecrite-par-kiswendsida-jules-cesar-kabore-redacteur-en-chef-adjoint-de-burkina-24/ |website=Burkina24 |date=2025-06-13 |access-date=2026-09-25}}</ref>. * 2025: ''Cet homme ne doit pas mourir : Ibrahim Traoré, le cauchemar des puissances étrangères'', cyanditswe na Pierre K. Rugero<ref>{{cite web |language=fr |title=Cet homme ne doit pas mourir : Ibrahim Traoré, le cauchemar des puissances étrangères |url=https://www.cultura.com/p-cet-homme-ne-doit-pas-mourir-ibrahim-traore-le-cauchemar-des-puissances-etrangeres-9782312080482.html |website=Cultura |access-date=2026-09-25}}</ref>. == Reba kandi == * [[RAFFINOR-BF]] == Aho byavuye == {{Reflist}} == Imiyoboro yo hanze == {{Commonscat|Ibrahim Traore}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Traoré, Ibrahim}} [[Ikiciro:Abagabo]] [[Ikiciro:Abaperezida]] [[Ikiciro:Abanyapolitiki]] [[Ikiciro:Abantu bakiriho muri Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Burukina Faso]] ger9mql19c4tpio3dknbbf1dicq61lx 0 23188 148511 140757 2026-11-03T12:34:51Z Baraka official 17008 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 148511 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Faustin-Archange Touadéra | image = Visit of Faustin-Archange Touadéra, President of the Central African Republic, to the European Commission (P067074-430913, cropped).jpg | image_size = 220px | caption = Faustin-Archange Touadéra | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1957|4|21|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Bangui]], [[Repubulika ya Santara Afurika]] | nationality = Umunyasantarafurika | alma_mater = Kaminuza ya Lille I (Ubufaransa)<br />Kaminuza ya Yaoundé (Kameruni) | occupation = Umwarimu w'imibare, umunyapolitiki | known_for = Minisitiri w'Intebe (2008–2013) | title = Perezida wa Repubulika ya Santara Afurika | term = Kuva ku wa 30 Werurwe 2016 | predecessor = Catherine Samba-Panza (w'inzibacyuho) | party = Mouvement Cœurs unis (MCU) }} '''Faustin-Archange Touadéra''' (wavutse ku wa 21 Mata 1957 i [[Bangui]]) ni umwarimu w'imibare n'umunyapolitiki wo muri [[Repubulika ya Santara Afurika]], akaba Perezida w'icyo gihugu kuva muri Werurwe 2016. Mbere yaho, yabaye Minisitiri w'Intebe kuva mu 2008 kugeza mu 2013 ku butegetsi bwa François Bozizé. Yatorewe kuba Perezida mu 2016, yongera gutorwa mu 2020–2021 no mu 2025, mu matora yitabiriwe na bake kandi arangwa n'urugomo. Kuva yagera ku butegetsi, yegereye [[Uburusiya]]: itsinda ry'abacancuro b'Abarusiya rya Wagner rimurinda kandi rimufasha guhashya inyeshyamba. Ku butegetsi bwe, Itegeko Nshinga ryavanyeho umubare ntarengwa wa manda mu 2023, kandi abatavuga rumwe n'ubutegetsi barahohoterwa. == Ubuzima == Faustin-Archange Touadéra yavukiye i Bangui ku wa 21 Mata 1957, mu muryango w'abana icumi wo mu gace ka rubanda rugufi ka Boy-Rabe; se yari umushoferi, nyina ari umuhinzi<ref name="F1">{{cite web |language=fr |title=Centrafrique : cinq choses à savoir sur Faustin-Archange Touadéra |url=http://www.jeuneafrique.com/304420/politique/centrafrique-5-choses-a-savoir-sur-faustin-arcange-touadera/}}</ref><ref name="E8">{{cite web |language=fr |author=Duhem, Vincent |title=Centrafrique : cinq choses à savoir sur Faustin-Archange Touadéra |url=http://www.jeuneafrique.com/304420/politique/centrafrique-5-choses-a-savoir-sur-faustin-arcange-touadera/ |website=Jeune Afrique |date=2016-02-22 |access-date=2026-01-07}}</ref>. Yize amashuri yisumbuye muri Collège Barthélemy Boganda i Bangui, abona impamyabumenyi y'amashuri yisumbuye mu 1976, hanyuma yiga muri Kaminuza ya Bangui no muri Kaminuza ya Abidjan<ref name="E7">{{cite web |language=fr |author=Ngoulou, Fridolin |title=Qui est le nouveau président centrafricain Faustin Archange Touadera ? |url=http://rjdh.org/qui-est-le-nouveau-president-centrafricain-faustin-archange-touadera/ |website=RJDH |date=2016-02-22 |access-date=2017-09-27}}</ref>. Mu 1986, yabonye impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga (doctorat) mu mibare muri Kaminuza ya Lille I mu [[Ubufaransa]]<ref name="E9">{{cite web |author=Faustin Touadera |title=Problème de Cauchy matriciels C∞ et dans les espaces de Sobolev à caractéristiques multiples |url=http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=8211537}}</ref>, maze mu 2004 abona iya kabiri muri Kaminuza ya Yaoundé muri [[Kameruni]]<ref name="E12">{{cite web |title=Central African Republic swears in new president |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/3/30/central-african-republic-swears-in-new-president |website=Al Jazeera |access-date=2021-01-22}}</ref>. === Umwuga wa kaminuza === Mu 1987, yabaye umwarimu wungirije w'imibare muri Kaminuza ya Bangui, aba visi-dekani w'ishami ry'ubumenyi kuva mu 1989 kugeza mu 1992<ref name="E12" />. Mu 1999, yinjiye muri Komite ihuriweho n'ibihugu ishinzwe guhuza integanyanyigisho z'imibare mu bihugu bivuga [[Igifaransa]] n'ibyo mu Nyanja y'Abahinde (CIEHPM), ayiyobora kuva mu 2001 kugeza mu 2003. Muri Gicurasi 2004, yabaye visi-chanseliye wa Kaminuza ya Bangui<ref name="E8" />, hanyuma ayibera umuyobozi mukuru (recteur) kuva mu 2005 kugeza mu 2008, atangiza gahunda yo kwigisha kwihangira imirimo n'ihuriro rya kaminuza ''Euclid''<ref name="F2">{{cite web |language=fr |title=Biographie officielle |url=http://www.touadera2015.net/pdf/BiographiePrFAT.pdf |access-date=2026-10-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160302143252/http://www.touadera2015.net/pdf/BiographiePrFAT.pdf |archive-date=2016-03-02 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="E13">{{cite web |author=Al Erisman |title=Update: Return to the Central African Republic |url=https://ethix.org/2007/10/01/return-to-the-central-african-republic |website=Ethix.org |date=2007-10-01 |access-date=2021-01-21}}</ref>. == Minisitiri w'Intebe (2008–2013) == Ku wa 22 Mutarama 2008, Perezida François Bozizé yamugize Minisitiri w'Intebe, nyuma y'iyegura rya Élie Doté<ref name="E14">{{cite web |title=Centrafrique: le recteur de l'université de Bangui nommé Premier ministre |url=http://www.jeuneafrique.com/fluxafp/fil_info.asp?reg_id=0&art_cle=42184}}</ref>. Nyuma y'ibiganiro by'igihugu byo mu Ukuboza 2008, Bozizé yasheshe guverinoma ye ku wa 18 Mutarama 2009, ariko bukeye bwaho amugira Minisitiri w'Intebe ku nshuro ya kabiri<ref name="E15">{{cite web |title=Central African Republic president dissolves government |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2009-01-19/central-african-republic-president-dissolves/270016 |website=ABC News |date=2009-01-18 |access-date=2021-01-21}}</ref>. Ku wa 12 Mutarama 2013, nyuma y'amasezerano y'amahoro ya Libreville hagati ya guverinoma n'ihuriro ry'inyeshyamba rya Séléka, yategekaga ko Minisitiri w'Intebe mushya ava mu batavuga rumwe n'ubutegetsi, Bozizé yaramwirukanye<ref name="F6">{{cite web |language=fr |title=Centrafrique : le Premier ministre démis avant le gouvernement d'Union nationale |url=https://www.lepoint.fr/monde/centrafrique-le-premier-ministre-demis-avant-le-gouvernement-d-union-nationale-12-01-2013-1612934_24.php}}</ref><ref name="E16">{{cite web |title=Central African opposition names Tiangaye as new PM |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/439339/central-african-opposition-names-tiangaye-as-new.html |website=Modern Ghana |access-date=2021-01-21}}</ref>. Mu 2014, yahungiye ku kigo cy'Umuryango w'Abibumbye i Bangui amezi atandatu, hanyuma ajya i Villeneuve-d'Ascq mu Bufaransa hamwe n'umugore we n'abana be batatu<ref name="F7">{{cite web |language=fr |title=Villeneuve-d’Ascq : les attaches villeneuvoises du nouveau président de la Centrafrique |url=http://www.lavoixdunord.fr/archive/recup%3A%252Fregion%252Fvilleneuve-d-ascq-les-attaches-villeneuvoises-du-ia28b50417n3346911 |website=lavoixdunord.fr}}</ref><ref name="F8">{{cite web |language=fr |title=Centrafrique : Faustin-Archange Touadéra, nouveau président surprise |url=http://www.liberation.fr/planete/2016/02/21/centrafrique-faustin-archange-touadera-nouveau-president-surprise_1434855}}</ref>. == Perezida wa Repubulika == === Amatora yo mu 2016 === Yagarutse mu gihugu mu 2015, yiyamamaza nk'umukandida wigenga mu matora ya perezida yo mu 2015–2016<ref name="E17">{{cite web |title=Exiled Central African leader Bozize to stand at election |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/ozatp-uk-centralafrica-election-idAFKCN0QG0KA20150811 |website=Reuters |date=2015-08-11 |access-date=2021-01-21}}</ref>. Mu cyiciro cya mbere, yabaye uwa kabiri ku majwi 19 %, inyuma ya Anicet-Georges Dologuélé (23,7 %), ariko mu cyiciro cya kabiri atsinda ku majwi 62,7 %<ref name="F9">{{cite web |language=fr |title=Centrafrique : Touadéra élu président |url=https://www.lefigaro.fr/flash-actu/2016/02/20/97001-20160220FILWWW00137-centrafrique-touadera-elu-president.php |website=lefigaro.fr |date=2016-02-20 |access-date=2016-02-20}}</ref>. Yarahiye ku wa 30 Werurwe 2016, asimbura Perezida w'inzibacyuho Catherine Samba-Panza<ref name="F11">{{cite web |language=fr |title=Centrafrique : Faustin Archange Touadéra met en place un secrétariat politique pour la gestion des 100 premiers jours |url=https://adiac-congo.com/content/centrafrique-faustin-archange-touadera-met-en-place-un-secretariat-politique-pour-la-gestion |access-date=2016-03-12}}</ref>, asezeranya gushyira intwaro hasi no kugira igihugu "kimwe, cy'amahoro, cyerekeje ku iterambere"<ref name="E19">{{cite web |title=Central African Republic's president vows peace, reforms at inauguration |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-centralafrica-president-idUSKCN0WW1ZG}}</ref>. Ku wa 2 Mata 2016, yagize Simplice Sarandji Minisitiri w'Intebe<ref name="E20">{{cite web |title=Central African president names PM in decree: radio |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-centralafrica-president-idUSKCN0WZ0Q3 |website=Reuters |date=2016-04-02 |access-date=2021-01-21}}</ref>. === Manda ya mbere === Amaze kurahira, Ubufaransa bwatangaje ko burangije igikorwa cya gisirikare cya Sangaris, bwari bufitemo abasirikare bagera ku 2 500 bafashaga ingabo z'Umuryango w'Abibumbye zigera ku 10 000<ref name="E22">{{cite web |author=Morgan Winsor |title=Central African Republic's New President Touadera In Uphill Battle Against Warring Muslim, Christian Militias |url=https://www.ibtimes.com/central-african-republics-new-president-touadera-uphill-battle-against-warring-muslim-2345672 |website=International Business Times |date=2016-03-30 |access-date=2021-01-21}}</ref>. Touadéra yitabaje itsinda ry'abacancuro b'Abarusiya rya Wagner kugira ngo rifashe kugarura umutekano; ibyo byatumye umubano n'Ubufaransa uzamba, Perezida Emmanuel Macron ahagarika inkunga y'ubukungu. Abarinda Touadéra bavugwa ko ari abo muri Wagner<ref name="E27">{{cite web |author=Neil Hauer |title=Russia's Favorite Mercenaries |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2018/08/russian-mercenaries-wagner-africa/568435/ |website=The Atlantic |date=2018-08-27}}</ref>. Muri Gashyantare 2022, yari umwe mu bakuru b'ibihugu bake bashyigikiye icyemezo cya [[Vladimir Putin]] cyo kwemera ubwigenge bwa Donetsk na Louhansk<ref name="F18">{{cite web |language=fr |author=Ilya Barabanov |title=Conflit en Ukraine : comment la Russie a tissé des liens plus étroits avec l'Afrique |url=https://www.bbc.com/afrique/monde-60546110 |website=BBC.com}}</ref>. Ku wa 18 Mutarama 2021, Urukiko rurinda Itegeko Nshinga rwemeje ko yongeye gutorwa ku majwi 53,16 %<ref name="F13">{{cite web |language=fr |author=Pacôme Pabandji |title=Centrafrique : la réélection de Faustin-Archange Touadéra validée par la Cour constitutionnelle |url=https://www.jeuneafrique.com/1106586/politique/centrafrique-la-reelection-de-faustin-archange-touadera-validee-par-la-cour-constitutionnelle/ |website=Jeune Afrique |date=2021-01-18}}</ref>. === Manda ya kabiri === Muri Mata 2022, Repubulika ya Santara Afurika yemeje ko Bitcoin iba ifaranga ryemewe mu gihugu, iba igihugu cya kabiri ku isi kibikoze nyuma ya El Salvador; iyo gahunda yaretswe mu 2023<ref name="E23">{{cite web |title=Bitcoin becomes official currency in Central African Republic |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-61248809 |date=2022-04-27 |access-date=2025-02-15}}</ref><ref name="E24">{{cite web |author=Jonathan Buck |title=The Fall Of Bitcoin In The Central African Republic: Why This Legal Tender Experiment Failed |url=https://www.nasdaq.com/articles/the-fall-of-bitcoin-in-the-central-african-republic:-why-this-legal-tender-experiment |website=Nasdaq |date=2023-04-30 |access-date=2025-02-14}}</ref><ref name="E25">{{cite web |author=Sabrina Toppa |title=Why did the Central African Republic toss out bitcoin? |url=https://www.thestreet.com/crypto/policy/central-african-republic-bitcoin |website=TheStreet |date=2023-09-30 |access-date=2025-02-15}}</ref>. Muri Werurwe 2023, yafashe ubuyobozi bw'Umuryango w'Ubukungu n'Ifaranga wa Afurika yo Hagati (CEMAC)<ref name="F14">{{cite web |language=fr |title=Franc CFA, présidence, mandats… Ce que Paul Biya et ses pairs vont aborder lors du sommet de la Cemac |url=https://www.jeuneafrique.com/1424402/economie/les-dessous-du-sommet-de-la-cemac-convoque-par-paul-biya/ |website=Jeune Afrique}}</ref>. Muri Nyakanga 2023, yitabiriye inama y'Uburusiya n'Afurika i Saint-Pétersbourg, avuga ko Uburusiya "bwafashije kurokora demokarasi no gukumira intambara y'abenegihugu"<ref name="E28">{{cite web |title=African leaders tell Putin: 'We have a right to call for peace' |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/putin-tells-african-leaders-moscow-is-studying-their-ukraine-proposal-2023-07-28/ |website=Reuters |date=2023-07-29}}</ref>. Muri Nyakanga 2023, kamarampaka yo kuvugurura Itegeko Nshinga yongereye manda ya perezida kuva ku myaka itanu ikagera ku irindwi, ivanaho umubare ntarengwa wa manda; mu Ukwakira 2022, Touadéra yari yirukanye perezida w'Urukiko rurinda Itegeko Nshinga, rwari rwemeje ko iyo kamarampaka inyuranyije n'Itegeko Nshinga<ref name="E29">{{cite web |title=In Central African Republic, government removes two constitutional court judges after judgment seen as blocking president's plans to bypass term limits |url=https://constitutionnet.org/news/central-african-republic-government-removes-two-constitutional-court-judges-after-judgment |website=Reuters |date=2022-10-31 |access-date=2023-06-01}}</ref><ref name="E30">{{cite web |language=fr |title=République centrafricaine : Le référendum présente des risques |url=https://www.hrw.org/fr/news/2023/06/05/republique-centrafricaine-le-referendum-presente-des-risques |website=Human Rights Watch |date=2023-06-05 |access-date=2023-08-02}}</ref>. Muri Mata 2024, yakiriwe ku nshuro ya kabiri mu ngoro y'Élysée i Paris, asinya gahunda yo kugarura umubano hagati y'ibihugu byombi<ref name="F21">{{cite web |language=fr |title=Centrafrique : Faustin-Archange Touadéra de nouveau reçu par Emmanuel Macron |url=https://www.africaintelligence.fr/afrique-centrale/2024/04/05/faustin-archange-touadera-de-nouveau-recu-par-emmanuel-macron,110201327-art |website=Africa Intelligence |date=2024-04-05 |access-date=2024-04-07}}</ref><ref name="E31">{{cite web |language=fr |title=Centrafrique Faustin-Archange Touadéra de nouveau reçu par Emmanuel Macron |url=https://www.africaintelligence.fr/afrique-centrale/2024/04/05/faustin-archange-touadera-de-nouveau-recu-par-emmanuel-macron,110201327-art |website=Africa Intelligence |date=2024-04-05 |access-date=2024-11-22}}</ref>. Ku wa 10 Gashyantare 2025, yatangije ifaranga ry'ikoranabuhanga "$CAR", ryamaze igihe gito rifite agaciro ka miliyoni 900 z'amadolari mbere yo guta agaciro karenga 90 %<ref name="E33">{{cite web |author=Prashant Jha |title=Central African Republic's National Memecoin Hits $900M Market Cap—But Is It Real? |url=https://www.ccn.com/news/crypto/central-african-republic-national-car-memecoin-real/ |website=CCN |date=2025-02-10 |access-date=2025-02-23}}</ref><ref name="E34">{{cite web |author=Basillioh Rukanga |title=CAR leader launches meme-coin 'experiment' |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cly5x0vpen8o |website=BBC News |date=2025-02-11 |access-date=2025-02-23}}</ref>. === Amatora yo mu 2025 === Muri Nyakanga 2025, ishyaka rye ''Mouvement Cœurs unis'' ryamutoranyije kuba umukandida mu matora ya perezida yo mu Ukuboza 2025<ref name="F15">{{cite web |language=fr |author=Rolf Steve Domia-Leu |title=Centrafrique: le parti au pouvoir désigne Faustin-Archange Touadéra pour briguer un nouveau mandat |url=https://www.rfi.fr/fr/afrique/20250726-centrafrique-le-parti-au-pouvoir-d%C3%A9signe-faustin-archange-touad%C3%A9ra-pour-briguer-nouveau-mandat |website=Radio France internationale}}</ref><ref name="E32">{{cite web |title=Central African Republic's President Touadera confirms third-term bid |url=https://www.africanews.com/2025/07/27/central-african-republics-president-touadera-confirms-third-term-bid/ |website=Africanews |date=2025-07-27 |access-date=2025-07-27}}</ref>. Mu Ugushyingo 2025, Urukiko rurinda Itegeko Nshinga rwamwemereye kongera kwiyamamaza, nubwo abatavuga rumwe n'ubutegetsi bavugaga ko atujuje ibisabwa<ref name="E35">{{cite web |author=Jean Fernand Koena |title=Central African Republic leader cleared for third term in key vote followed closely by Russia |url=https://apnews.com/article/central-african-republic-touadera-russia-wagner-41891691b35cb17fac75159b78aa0d3e |website=AP NEWS |date=2025-11-14 |access-date=2025-11-14}}</ref>. Mbere y'amatora, yakoresheje ububasha bwa Leta kugira ngo abuze abakandida batavuga rumwe n'ubutegetsi kwiyamamaza<ref name="E6">{{cite web |title=Central African Republic: Concerns Over Crucial Election |url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2025/11/28/central-african-republic-concerns-over-crucial-election |website=Human Rights Watch |date=2025-11-28 |access-date=2026-01-07}}</ref><ref name="E37">{{cite web |title=Central African Republic President Touadéra wins third term: provisional results |url=https://www.africanews.com/2026/01/06/central-african-republic-president-touadera-wins-third-term-provisional-results/ |website=Africanews |date=2026-01-06 |access-date=2026-01-06}}</ref>. Ku wa 19 Mutarama 2026, Urukiko rurinda Itegeko Nshinga rwatangaje ko yatsinze mu cyiciro cya mbere ku majwi 77,9 %, imbere ya Anicet-Georges Dologuélé (13,1 %); abitabiriye amatora bari 52,4 %<ref name="E41">{{cite web |title=Central African Republic confirms Touadéra's election win despite fraud claims |url=https://apnews.com/article/central-african-republic-election-results-touadera-dologuele-66860f354854b90b1194f509746f190c |website=AP News |date=2026-01-19}}</ref><ref name="F16">{{cite web |language=fr |title=Présidentielle en Centrafrique: Faustin-Archange Touadéra déclaré vainqueur par l'ANE |url=https://www.rfi.fr/fr/afrique/20260105-pr%C3%A9sidentielle-en-centrafrique-faustin-archange-touad%C3%A9ra-d%C3%A9clar%C3%A9-vainqueur-par-l-ane |website=Radio France internationale}}</ref>. Abo bahanganye bamaganye uburiganya, basaba ko amatora aseswa<ref name="E40">{{cite web |author=Wycliffe Muia |title=Central African Republic president wins third term by landslide |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c0q40xg3j0jo |website=BBC News |date=2026-01-06 |access-date=2026-01-06}}</ref><ref name="F17">{{cite web |language=fr |title=Centrafrique : la Cour constitutionnelle proclame la victoire de Faustin-Archange Touadéra et rejette le recours de son opposant pour fraudes |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2026/01/19/centrafrique-la-cour-constitutionnelle-proclame-la-victoire-de-faustin-archange-touadera-et-rejette-le-recours-de-son-opposant-pour-fraudes_6663213_3212.html |website=AFP et Le Monde}}</ref>. == Ubuzima bwite == Touadéra yabaye umudiyakoni mu itorero ry'Ababatisita (''Union fraternelle des Églises baptistes''), kandi aracyari umunyamuryango waryo<ref name="F4">{{cite web |language=fr |title=Faustin-Archange Touadéra: Réconcilier les Centrafricains |url=https://www.lexpress.fr/actualite/monde/faustin-archange-touadera-reconcilier-les-centrafricains_1795475.html}}</ref><ref name="E42">{{cite web |title=Faustin-Archange Touadéra: Réconcilier les Centrafricains |url=https://www.lexpress.fr/actualite/monde/faustin-archange-touadera-reconcilier-les-centrafricains_1795475.html}}</ref>. Afite [[Umugore|abagore]] babiri, Brigitte Touadéra na Tina Marguerite Touadéra<ref name="E44">{{cite web |title=Centrafrique: Brigitte et Tina Touadéra, la bataille de l'ombre pour la place de première dame |url=http://koaci.com/centrafrique-brigitte-tina-touadera-bataille-lombre-pour-place-premiere-dame-107495.html |website=Koaci.com |date=2017-03-20 |access-date=2017-10-29}}</ref>, n'abana batatu<ref name="E7" />. == Aho byavuye == {{Reflist}} == Imiyoboro yo hanze == {{Commonscat|Faustin Touadera}} [[Category:Abagabo]] [[Category:Abaperezida]] [[Category:Abanyapolitiki]] [[Category:Abantu bakiriho muri Afurika]] [[Category:Repubulika ya Santara Afurika]] kwxlq699xy4v5f356icnm7rvzcxv3tz 0 23261 148546 145509 2026-11-03T13:01:01Z NSHUTIYIMANA Moise 17987 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 148546 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition|name=Croup|synonym=Laryngotracheitis, subglottic laryngitis, obstructive laryngitis, laryngotracheobronchitis|image=Croup steeple sign.jpg|image_size=|image_thumbtime=|alt=|caption=The [[steeple sign]] as seen on an AP neck X-ray of a child with croup|pronounce={{IPAc-en|k|r|uː|p}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Croup |url=https://www.macmillandictionary.com/pronunciation/british/croup |website=Macmillan |access-date=1 April 2020 |archive-date=20 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170820114315/http://www.macmillandictionary.com/pronunciation/british/croup |url-status=live }}</ref>|field=[[Pediatrics]]|symptoms="Barky" cough, [[stridor]], fever, stuffy nose<ref name=Au10/>|complications=|onset=|duration=Usually 1-2 days but can last up to 7 days<ref name=Croup09/>|types=|causes=Mostly viral<ref name=Au10/>|risks=|diagnosis=Based on symptoms<ref name=PedN09/>|differential=[[Epiglottitis]], airway [[foreign body]], [[bacterial tracheitis]]<ref name=PedN09/><ref name=Cherry08/>|prevention=[[influenza vaccine|Influenza]] and [[diphtheria vaccine|diphtheria]] vaccination<ref name=Cherry08/>|treatment=|medication=[[corticosteroids|Steroids]], [[epinephrine]]<ref name=PedN09/><ref name=Cherry08/>|prognosis=|frequency=15% of children at some point<ref name=PedN09/><ref name=Cherry08/>|deaths=Rare<ref name=Au10/>|named after=}} '''Croup''', izwi kandi nka '''laryngotracheobronchitis''', ni ubwoko bw'indwara zo mu myanya y'ubuhumekero zikunze guterwa na virusi.<ref name="Au10">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Rajapaksa S, Starr M|title=Croup – assessment and management|journal=Aust Fam Physician|volume=39|issue=5|pages=280–2|date=May 2010|pmid=20485713|doi=}}</ref> Ubwandu butera kubyimba imbere mu muyoboro w'amaraso, ibyo bikaba bibangamira guhumeka neza kandi bigatera ibimenyetso bisanzwe byo " gukorora ", stridor, n'ijwi rituje.<ref name="Au10" /> Umuriro n'izuru riva nabyo bishobora kuba biriho.<ref name="Au10" /> Ibi bimenyetso bishobora kuba byoroheje, biri hagati, cyangwa bikomeye.<ref name="Croup09">{{Cite journal|last=Johnson D|title=Croup|journal=BMJ Clin Evid|volume=2009|issue=|pages=|year=2009|pmid=19445760|pmc=2907784|doi=}}</ref> Akenshi bitangira cyangwa bikarushaho kuba bibi nijoro kandi ubusanzwe bifata umunsi umwe cyangwa ibiri.<ref name="Thom2013">{{Cite journal|last=Thompson|first=M|last2=Vodicka, TA|last3=Blair, PS|last4=Buckley, DI|last5=Heneghan, C|last6=Hay, AD|last7=TARGET Programme, Team|title=Duration of symptoms of respiratory tract infections in children: systematic review.|journal=BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.)|date=Dec 11, 2013|volume=347|pages=f7027|pmid=24335668|doi=10.1136/bmj.f7027|pmc=3898587}}</ref><ref name="Au10" /><ref name="Croup09" /> Indwara ya Croup ishobora guterwa na virusi nyinshi zirimo parainfluenza na virusi ya grippe.<ref name="Au10" /> Ni gake cyane biterwa n'ubwandu bwa [[bagiteri]], buzwi nka tracheitis ya bagiteri.<ref name="Cherry08">{{Cite journal|last=Cherry JD|title=Clinical practice. Croup|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_new-england-journal-of-medicine_2008-01-24_358_4/page/384|journal=N. Engl. J. Med.|volume=358|issue=4|pages=384–91|year=2008|pmid=18216359|doi=10.1056/NEJMcp072022}}</ref> Ubusanzwe indwara ya Croup ipimwa hashingiwe ku bimenyetso nyuma y’uko impamvu zishobora kuba zikomeye kurushaho, nka epiglottitis cyangwa umubiri wo mu nzira z’ubuhumekero, zitagaragaye.<ref name="PedN09">{{Cite journal|last=Everard ML|title=Acute bronchiolitis and croup|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_pediatric-clinics-of-north-america_2009-02_56_1/page/119|journal=Pediatr. Clin. North Am.|volume=56|issue=1|pages=119–33, x–xi|date=February 2009|pmid=19135584|doi=10.1016/j.pcl.2008.10.007}}</ref> Ubushakashatsi bw'inyongera—nk'ibipimo by'amaraso, X-rays, no gupima—ubusanzwe ntabwo bikenewe.<ref name="PedN09" /> Abantu benshi barwara indwara ya croup bashobora kwirindwa binyuze mu gukingira ibicurane na diphtheria.<ref name="Cherry08" /> Ubusanzwe Croup ivurwa n'umuti umwe wa steroide ukoreshejwe mu kanwa (dexamethasone ku gipimo cya 0.15 kugeza 0.6 mg/kg).<ref name="Au10" /><ref name="Are2023">{{Cite journal|last=Aregbesola|first=A|last2=Tam|first2=CM|last3=Kothari|first3=A|last4=Le|first4=ML|last5=Ragheb|first5=M|last6=Klassen|first6=TP|title=Glucocorticoids for croup in children.|journal=The Cochrane database of systematic reviews|date=10 January 2023|volume=1|issue=1|pages=CD001955|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD001955.pub5|pmid=36626194}}</ref> Mu bihe bikomeye cyane, epinephrine ihumekwa na yo ishobora gukoreshwa.<ref name="Au10" /><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Bjornson|first=C|last2=Russell|first2=K|last3=Vandermeer|first3=B|last4=Klassen|first4=TP|last5=Johnson|first5=DW|title=Nebulized epinephrine for croup in children.|journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|date=10 October 2013|volume=10|issue=10|pages=CD006619|pmid=24114291|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD006619.pub3}}</ref> Kwinjira mu bitaro ni ngombwa ku muntu umwe kugeza kuri batanu ku ijana by'abarwayi.<ref name="CMAJ2013">{{Cite journal|last=Bjornson|first=CL|last2=Johnson|first2=DW|title=Croup in children.|journal=CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association Journal|date=15 October 2013|volume=185|issue=15|pages=1317–23|pmid=23939212|doi=10.1503/cmaj.121645|pmc=3796596}}</ref> Indwara ya Croup ni indwara ikunze kwibasira abana bagera kuri 15% mu gihe runaka.<ref name="PedN09" /> Akenshi bibaho hagati y'amezi 6 n'imyaka 5 ariko bishobora kugaragara gake cyane ku bana bafite imyaka cumi n'itanu.<ref name="Croup09" /><ref name="PedN09" /><ref name="CMAJ2013" /> Bikunze kugaragara gato ku bagabo kurusha [[Umugore|abagore]].<ref name="CMAJ2013" /> Bikunze kubaho mu gihe cy'umuhindo.<ref name="CMAJ2013" /> Mbere yo gukingirwa, indwara yo mu nda yakundaga guterwa na diphtheria kandi akenshi yahitanaga abantu.<ref name="Cherry08" /><ref>{{Cite book|last=Steele|first=Volney|title=Bleed, blister, and purge : a history of medicine on the American frontier|url=https://archive.org/details/bleedblisterpurg0000stee|url-access=registration|date=2005|publisher=Mountain Press|location=Missoula, Mont.|isbn=978-0-87842-505-1|page=[https://archive.org/details/bleedblisterpurg0000stee/page/324 324]}}</ref> Iyi mpamvu ubu irakunze kugaragara cyane mu bihugu by'Iburengerazuba bw'Isi bitewe n'uko urukingo rwa diphtheria rwagenze neza.<ref name="history">{{Cite book|last=Feigin, Ralph D.|title=Textbook of pediatric infectious diseases|publisher=Saunders|location=Philadelphia|year=2004|page=252|isbn=978-0-7216-9329-3|oclc=|doi=|access-date=}}</ref> == Iriburiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]] en0pooq8ez33xlwort0qjk4i9dp9iv6 0 23343 148536 145048 2026-11-03T12:57:13Z Baraka official 17008 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 148536 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Nelumbo Nucifera fruit - botanic garden Adelaide.jpg|thumb|Urwikekwe rwa Tripophobia]] '''Urwikekwe rwa Tripophobia''' ni ukwanga kubona amatsinda cyangwa imiterere y'umwobo muto cyangwa utubyimba.<ref name="Kup2018">{{Cite journal|last=Kupfer|first=T. R.|last2=Fessler|first2=D. M. T.|date=19 July 2018|title=Ectoparasite defence in humans: relationships to pathogen avoidance and clinical implications.|journal=Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences|volume=373|issue=1751|pages=20170207|doi=10.1098/rstb.2017.0207|pmc=6000138|pmid=29866920}}</ref> Ibimenyetso bishobora kuba birimo ishozi, ubwoba, cyangwa guhangayika.<ref name="Mar2018">{{Cite journal|last=Martínez-Aguayo|first=Juan Carlos|last2=Lanfranco|first2=Renzo C.|last3=Arancibia|first3=Marcelo|last4=Sepúlveda|first4=Elisa|last5=Madrid|first5=Eva|year=2018|title=Trypophobia: What Do We Know So Far? A Case Report and Comprehensive Review of the Literature|journal=Frontiers in Psychiatry|volume=9|pages=15|doi=10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00015|issn=1664-0640|pmc=5811467|pmid=29479321|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="Kup2018" /> Hashobora kandi kuba hari isesemi cyangwa uburyaryate bifitanye isano.<ref name="Skag2014">{{Cite news|last=Skaggs|first=William|title=Are You Afraid of Holes?|url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/are-you-afraid-of-holes/|access-date=18 August 2022|work=Scientific American|date=1 March 2014|archive-date=11 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111232948/https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/are-you-afraid-of-holes/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Mil2015">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1BfYBgAAQBAJ&q=trypophobia|title=Phobias: The Psychology of Irrational Fear|last=Milosevic|first=Irena|last2=McCabe|first2=Randi E.|publisher=[[ABC-CLIO]]|year=2015|isbn=978-1610695763|pages=401–402|access-date=October 25, 2017|archive-date=June 29, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200629134721/https://books.google.com/books?id=1BfYBgAAQBAJ&q=trypophobia|url-status=live}}</ref> Urugero rw'ibintu bitera ikibazo birimo [[ubuki]], imbuto z'umuhondo, n'udupira hejuru y'igikombe cya kawa.<ref name="Skag2014" /><ref name="Mil2015" /><ref name="Kup2018" /> Nubwo bitazwi ku mugaragaro nk'indwara [[Indwara zo mu mutwe|yo mu mutwe]] itandukanye nko mu 2018, bishobora gufatwa nk'ubwoba bwihariye iyo habayeho ubwoba bukabije n'agahinda.<ref name="Mil2015" /><ref name="Mar2018" /> Bitekerezwa ko ari ubwirinzi bw’ihindagurika ku dukoko two hanze cyangwa inyamaswa z’uburozi bwabaye bwinshi cyane.<ref name="Kup2018" /><ref name="Skag2014" /> Uburyo bwo kuvura umuntu ahura n'ikibazo ni uburyo bushoboka bwo kuvura.<ref name="Mil2015" /> Ibimenyetso bimwe na bimwe iyo urebye ikintu nk'igishishwa cy'imbuto ya lotus biba ku bantu bagera kuri 16%, [[Umugore|abagore]] bakaba bibasirwa cyane kurusha abagabo.<ref name="Mil2015" /><ref name="Skag2014" /> Ijambo ''trypophobia'' ryahimbwe n'umuntu witabiriye urubuga rwo kuri interineti mu 2005, riva ku ijambo ry'Ikigereki "trypo" risobanura "gucukura imyobo" na "phobos" risobanura "ubwoba".<ref name="Skag2014" /> Byabaye ingingo ikunzwe cyane ku mbuga nkoranyambaga mu myaka ya za 2000.<ref name="Popsci2012">{{Cite web|url=http://www.popsci.com/trypophobia|title=Is Trypophobia a Real Phobia?|last=Abbasi|first=Jennifer|date=July 25, 2011|website=[[Popular Science]]|access-date=October 2, 2012|archive-date=April 7, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160407215939/http://www.popsci.com/trypophobia|url-status=live}}</ref> Ubushakashatsi bwemewe bwatangiye ahagana mu 2010 bukorwa n'abahanga mu by'imitekerereze ya muntu Geoff Cole na Arnold Wilkins.<ref name="Skag2014" /> == Iriburiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]] s2pt16e4y0wyjqlaqmg06rfj7on6lnm 0 23422 148703 143977 2026-11-03T13:08:22Z Score Beethoven 11559 148703 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox umurenge}} '''Umurenge wa Rukara''' ni umwe mu mirenge 12 igize [[Akarere ka Kayonza]], mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba|Ntara y'Iburasirazuba]], mu [[Rwanda]]. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, Umurenge wa Rukara wari utuwe n'abaturage 38 231. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → [[Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Uturere]] → Imirenge → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Aho uherereye == [[Dosiye:Rwanda, Kayonza District.png|thumb|left|Ikarita y'Akarere ka Kayonza]] Umurenge wa Rukara ni umwe mu mirenge 12 y'Akarere ka Kayonza.<ref name="menya">{{Cite web |url=https://www.kayonza.gov.rw/akarere/menya-akarere |title=Menya Akarere |website=kayonza.gov.rw |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> == Abaturage == Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2012, Umurenge wa Rukara wari utuwe n'abaturage 31 176. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, wari utuwe n'abaturage 38 231.<ref name="citypop">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/54__kayonza/ |title=Kayonza (District, Rwanda) – Sectors |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Reba kandi == === Ingingo zijyanye === * [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Rukara]] === Ihuza ryo hanze === * [[commons:Category:Rukara Sector|Amafoto y'Umurenge wa Rukara]] kuri Wikimedia Commons {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Kayonza}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Kayonza]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Rukara]] h098l8h3jx816gd1gvksu8frgpexwly 0 23436 148720 142167 2026-11-03T13:09:24Z NSHUTIYIMANA Moise 17987 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 148720 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition | name = Indwara z'ibihumyo | synonyms = ''Oreillons'' (Igifaransa), ''mumps'' (Icyongereza) | image = Mumps PHIL 130 lores.jpg | caption = Umwana ufite ibihumyo: kubyimba kw'imvubura za ''parotide'' | field = Indwara zandura | symptoms = Umuriro, kuribwa imikaya, kuribwa umutwe, kubyimba kw'imvubura za ''parotide'' | complications = ''Méningite'', ''pancréatite'', kutumva burundu, kubyimba kw'amabya | onset = Iminsi 16–18 nyuma yo kwandura | duration = Iminsi 7–10 | causes = Virusi y'ibihumyo | prevention = Urukingo rw'ibihumyo | medication = [[Paracetamol]] | deaths = Umuntu 1 ku 10 000 banduye }} '''Indwara z'ibihumyo''' (mu Gifaransa: ''oreillons''; mu [[Icyongereza|Cyongereza]]: ''mumps'') ni indwara iterwa na virusi y'ibihumyo. Irangwa no kubyimba kubabaza kw'imvubura z'amacandwe za ''parotide'', nyuma y'umuriro no kumva utameze neza. Irandura cyane binyuze mu bitonyanga by'ubuhumekero. Ishobora kwirindwa n'urukingo rufatwa inshuro ebyiri, kandi ntigira umuti wihariye. Mbere y'urukingo yari indwara isanzwe y'abana ku isi hose. == Ibimenyetso n'ingorane == Ibimenyetso bya mbere akenshi ni umuriro, kuribwa imikaya, kuribwa umutwe, kubura ubushake bwo kurya no kumva utameze neza.<ref name="WHO2007">{{Cite journal |title=Mumps virus vaccines |journal=Weekly Epidemiological Record |publisher=World Health Organization |volume=82 |issue=7 |pages=51–60 |date=February 2007 |pmid=17304707 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Bai5th">{{Cite book|title=Bailey's head and neck surgery—otolaryngology|date=2013|publisher=Wolters Kluwer Health /Lippincott Williams & Wilkins|editor1-last=Johnson |editor1-first=Jonas T. |editor2-last=Rosen |editor2-first=Clark A.|isbn=9781609136024|edition=5th|location=Philadelphia|oclc=863599053}}</ref> Bikurikirwa no kubyimba kubabaza kw'imvubura imwe cyangwa zombi za ''parotide''.<ref name="Bai5th" /> Ibimenyetso bigaragara nyuma y'iminsi 16 kugeza kuri 18 umuntu yanduye, bigashira nyuma y'iminsi 7 kugeza kuri 10.<ref name="WHO2007" /> Bikunze gukomera ku bantu bakuru kurusha ku bana,<ref name="WHO2007" /> naho hafi kimwe cya gatatu cy'abanduye bagira ibimenyetso byoroheje cyangwa ntibagire na kimwe.<ref name="WHO2007" /> Ingorane zishobora kuba ''méningite'' (15 %), [[Pancreatite|''pancréatite'']] (4 %), kubyimba k'[[umutima]], kutumva burundu no kubyimba kw'amabya, gake bigatera ubugumba.<ref name="Bai5th" /> [[Umugore|Abagore]] bashobora kubyimba udusabo tw'intanga, ariko ibyo ntibyongera ibyago byo kutabyara.<ref name="Hviid2008">{{cite journal |vauthors = Hviid A, Rubin S, Mühlemann K |title = Mumps |journal = The Lancet |volume = 371 |issue = 9616 |pages = 932–44 |date = March 2008 |pmid = 18342688 |doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60419-5 |url = https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/132b696aeae7700a51c70bf3dcf9bca42d594846 |access-date = 26 June 2020 |archive-date = 13 September 2020 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200913053559/https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Mumps-Hviid-Rubin/132b696aeae7700a51c70bf3dcf9bca42d594846 |url-status = live }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200913053559/https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Mumps-Hviid-Rubin/132b696aeae7700a51c70bf3dcf9bca42d594846 |date=13 September 2020 }}</ref> Hafi umuntu umwe ku 10 000 banduye arapfa.<ref name="WHO2007" /> == Ikwirakwira n'isuzuma == [[Dosiye:Mumps virus, negative stained TEM 8758 lores.jpg|thumb|left|Virusi y'ibihumyo irebewe mu cyuma kireba utuntu duto cyane (''microscope électronique'')]] Indwara irandura cyane kandi ikwirakwira vuba mu bantu babana hafi.<ref name="UK2005">{{Cite journal|last=Gupta|first=RK|last2=Best|first2=J|last3=MacMahon|first3=E|title=Mumps and the UK epidemic 2005.|journal=BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.)|date=14 May 2005|volume=330|issue=7500|pages=1132–5|pmid=15891229|doi=10.1136/bmj.330.7500.1132|pmc=557899}}</ref> [[Virusi]] yandurira mu bitonyanga by'ubuhumekero cyangwa mu gukoranaho n'uwanduye, kandi abantu ni bo bonyine bayandura bakanayikwirakwiza. Umuntu yanduza kuva ku minsi irindwi mbere y'uko ''parotide'' zibyimba kugeza ku minsi umunani nyuma yaho.<ref name="Kutty2010">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Kutty PK, Kyaw MH, Dayan GH, Brady MT, Bocchini JA, Reef SE, Bellini WJ, Seward JF|title=Guidance for isolation precautions for mumps in the United States: a review of the scientific basis for policy change|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_clinical-infectious-diseases_2010-06-15_50_12/page/1619|journal=Clinical Infectious Diseases|date=15 June 2010|volume=50|issue=12|pages=1619–28|doi=10.1086/652770|pmid=20455692|doi-access=free}}</ref> Iyo umuntu akize, agira ubudahangarwa ubuzima bwe bwose;<ref name="WHO2007" /> kongera kwandura birashoboka ariko bikaba byoroheje. Ubusanzwe indwara ikekwa iyo ''parotide'' zabyimbye, ikemezwa no guhinga virusi ivuye mu muyoboro w'amacandwe wa ''parotide''.<ref name="Pink2012">{{Cite book |editor1-last=Atkinson |editor1-first=William |editor2-last=Wolfe |editor2-first=Charles |editor3-last=Hamborsky |editor3-first=Jennifer |chapter=Mumps |title=Epidemiology and Prevention of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases |edition=12th |date=2012 |publisher=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Public Health Foundation |location=Washington, D.C. |language=en}}</ref> Gupima ''IgM'' mu maraso biroroshye kandi bifasha, ariko bishobora gutanga igisubizo kitari cyo ku bantu bakingiwe.<ref name="Pink2012" /> == Kwirinda no kuvura == Indwara z'ibihumyo zirindwa n'urukingo rufatwa inshuro ebyiri. Ibihugu byinshi byateye imbere byarushyize muri gahunda yabyo yo gukingira, akenshi ruvanze n'inkingo z'iseru, ''rubéole'' na ''varicelle''.<ref name="WHO2007" /> Nta muti wihariye uyivura.<ref name="WHO2007" /> Ubuvuzi bugamije kugabanya ibimenyetso hakoreshejwe imiti igabanya ububabare nka [[paracetamol]].<ref name="Hviid2008" /> ''Immunoglobulines'' ziterwa mu mitsi zishobora gufasha mu ngorane zimwe na zimwe.<ref name="Hviid2008" /> Kujyanwa mu bitaro bishobora kuba ngombwa iyo havutse ''méningite'' cyangwa ''pancréatite''.<ref name="UK2005" /> == Uko ikwirakwiye == Gukingira byagabanyije umubare w'abarwara ku kigero kirenga 90 %.<ref name="Goldman2020">{{Cite book|last=Patel|first=Manisha|last2=Gnann|first2=John W.|editor-last=Goldman|editor-first=Lee|editor-last2=Schafer|editor-first2=Andrew I.|title=Goldman-Cecil Medicine|date=2020|publisher=Elsevier|isbn=978-0-323-53266-2|pages=2172-2174|edition=26th|volume=2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7pKqDwAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA2172&dq=monkeypox&hl=en|language=en|chapter=345. Mumps|access-date=26 May 2022|archive-date=26 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220526223013/https://books.google.com/books?id=7pKqDwAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA2172&dq=monkeypox&hl=en|url-status=live}}</ref> Indwara ikunze kugaragara cyane mu bihugu biri mu nzira y'amajyambere, aho gukingira bidakwiriye.<ref name="Jung2013">{{Cite book|last=Junghanss|first=Thomas|title=Manson's tropical diseases.|date=2013|publisher=Elsevier/Saunders|location=Oxford|isbn=978-0-7020-5306-1|page=261|edition=23rd|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GTjRAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA261|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160513194608/https://books.google.com/books?id=GTjRAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA261|archive-date=13 May 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Mbere y'urukingo, yari indwara isanzwe y'abana ku isi hose,<ref name="WHO2007" /> ibyorezo bikaba buri myaka ibiri kugeza kuri itanu,<ref name="WHO2007" /> cyane cyane ku bana bafite hagati y'imyaka 5 na 9.<ref name="Cochrane2020">{{Cite journal|last=Di Pietrantonj|first=C|last2=Rivetti|first2=A|last3=Marchione|first3=P|last4=Debalini|first4=MG|last5=Demicheli|first5=V|title=Vaccines for measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella in children.|journal=Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|date=April 2020|volume=4|page=CD004407|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD004407.pub4|pmid=32309885|url=https://www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD004407.pub4/epdf/full|access-date=2020-06-26|archive-date=2022-02-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220211194810/https://www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD004407.pub4/epdf/full|url-status=live}}</ref> Mu bakingiwe, abari mu kigero cy'imyaka 20 ni bo bakunze kwibasirwa.<ref name="Hviid2008" /> Mu turere dushyuha, iboneka umwaka wose, naho mu turere tw'ubukonje ikunze kuboneka mu gihe cy'ubukonje n'urugaryi.<ref name="WHO2007" /> Kubyimba kubabaza kw'imvubura za ''parotide'' n'amabya byasobanuwe bwa mbere na Hippocrate mu kinyejana cya 5 mbere ya Yezu. == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Reba kandi == === Ingingo zijyanye === * [[Virusi]] * [[Pancreatite]] * [[Herpes]] [[Ikiciro:Indwara]] [[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]] doozfqjxyf55tfp8ecrohf3dawomu2s 0 23483 148885 142137 2026-11-04T11:43:23Z Baraka official 17008 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 148885 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Speciesbox | genus = Jacaranda | species = mimosifolia | authority = D.Don (1822) | image = Jacaranda1212.jpg | image_caption = Igiti cya ''Jacaranda mimosifolia'' kirabije | synonyms = * ''Jacaranda acutifolia'' auct. * ''Jacaranda chelonia'' Griseb. * ''Jacaranda ovalifolia'' R.Br. }} '''''Jacaranda mimosifolia''''' (mu Gifaransa ''flamboyant bleu'' cyangwa ''jacaranda'', mu [[Icyongereza|Cyongereza]] ''blue jacaranda'') ni ubwoko bw'[[Igiti|igiti]] kirabya cyo mu muryango wa ''Bignoniaceae'', gikomoka muri [[Boliviya]], [[Arijantine]] na [[Paragwe]], muri Amerika y'Amajyepfo. Kizwi cyane kubera indabo zacyo z'ibara ry'isine (''violet'') zitwikira igiti cyose, kandi giterwa mu mijyi myinshi yo ku isi nk'igiti cy'imitako n'icy'igicucu ku mihanda. == Izina == Ubu bwoko bwasobanuwe bwa mbere n'umuhanga mu bimera w'Umwongereza David Don mu 1822, mu gitabo ''Botanical Register''.<ref name="powo" /><ref name="tropicos" /> Mu bitabo bya kera bwitwaga kandi ''Jacaranda acutifolia''. == Imiterere == [[File:Flores de jacaranda patrimonial de Abancay 01.jpg|thumb|left|Indabo za ''Jacaranda mimosifolia''.]] ''Jacaranda mimosifolia'' ni igiti gikunze kugera kuri metero 8 kugeza kuri 12 z'uburebure, gifite umutwe mugari. Igishishwa cyacyo ni ikigina kandi kiroroshye iyo kikiri gito, nyuma kikagenda kiba igikakaye.<ref name="ifas" /> Amababi yacyo ni maremare (santimetero 23 kugeza kuri 45), agizwe n'utubabi duto twinshi cyane, kandi aragwa mu gihe runaka cy'umwaka. Indabo zacyo z'isine, zimeze nk'impanda kandi zihumura gake, ziri mu matsinda manini ya santimetero 30 kugeza kuri 45. Urubuto rwacyo ni igishishwa gikomeye kimeze nk'isahani, gifite santimetero hafi 7.<ref name="ifas" /> == Aho kiboneka == [[File:Fruits of Jacaranda mimosifolia in Jos Wildlife Park 01.jpg|thumb|Imbuto za ''Jacaranda mimosifolia''.]] Igiti gikomoka muri Boliviya no mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba bwa Arijantine.<ref name="powo" /> Cyajyanywe mu bihugu byinshi bishyuha cyangwa bitagira ubukonje bukabije, nko muri Espanye, [[Megizike]], [[Ositaraliya]], Afurika y'Epfo n'ahandi.<ref name="powo" /> Muri Afurika y'Epfo, cyahageze mu kinyejana cya 19 kandi kibaye ikimenyetso cy'impeshyi mu mijyi ya Pretoria na Johannesburg; ariko gifatwa nk'ikimera cyigabiza kuko gishobora gukura nta muntu ukitayeho.<ref name="africanews" /> == Imikoreshereze == Giterwa cyane ku mihanda, mu busitani no mu mbuga nk'igiti cy'imitako n'icy'igicucu. Ntigikwiriye guterwa hafi ya pisine kuko kigusha amababi n'indabo byinshi.<ref name="ifas" /> == Mu Rwanda no mu buvanganzo == Umuhanzi n'umwanditsi [[Gaël Faye]] yise [[igitabo]] cye ''Jacaranda'' (Grasset, 2024), kivuga ku kwiyubaka k'u Rwanda nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, cyahawe igihembo cya Renaudot mu 2024.<ref name="justiceinfo" /> Avuga ko icyo giti cyazanywe n'abakoloni kivuye muri Amerika y'Amajyepfo kigaterwa ku mihanda, kandi akagikoresha nk'ikimenyetso cy'« imiterere y'ahantu h'abazima », ahagereranya n'impinduka zihuse z'umujyi wa [[Kigali]] aho ibiti bitemwa kugira ngo hubakwe imihanda n'inyubako nshya.<ref name="lalibre" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist|refs= <ref name="powo">{{Cite web |title=Jacaranda mimosifolia D.Don |url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:130936-2 |website=Plants of the World Online |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew |access-date=2026-10-14 |language=en}}</ref> <ref name="tropicos">{{Cite web |title=Jacaranda mimosifolia |url=http://www.tropicos.org/Name/3700578 |website=Tropicos.org |publisher=Missouri Botanical Garden |language=en}}</ref> <ref name="ifas">{{Cite web |last1=Gilman |first1=Edward F. |last2=Watson |first2=Dennis G. |title=Jacaranda mimosifolia: Jacaranda (ENH476/ST317) |url=https://ask.ifas.ufl.edu/publication/ST317 |publisher=University of Florida, IFAS Extension |date=2019-04-28 |access-date=2026-10-14 |language=en}}</ref> <ref name="africanews">{{Cite web |title=Blossoming jacaranda trees brighten up the streets of South African cities |url=https://www.africanews.com/2025/11/10/blossoming-jacaranda-trees-brighten-up-the-streets-of-south-african-cities/ |website=Africanews |access-date=2026-10-14 |language=en}}</ref> <ref name="justiceinfo">{{Cite web |title=Gaël Faye, prix Renaudot, pour son roman "Jacaranda" sur le Rwanda |url=https://www.justiceinfo.net/fr?p=137936 |website=JusticeInfo.net |agency=AFP |date=2024-11-04 |access-date=2026-10-14 |language=fr}}</ref> <ref name="lalibre">{{Cite news |last=Besnard |first=Jacques |title=Gaël Faye : « Petit pays » m'a permis de ne plus avoir le sentiment d'être un exilé |work=La Libre Belgique |date=2024-08-31 |url=https://francegenocidetutsi.org/InterviewDeGaelFayeLaLibreBelgique31082024.pdf |access-date=2026-10-14 |language=fr}}</ref> }} == Reba kandi == === Ingingo zijyanye === * [[Spathodea campanulata]], ikindi giti cyo mu muryango wa ''Bignoniaceae'' * [[Umusave]] (''Markhamia lutea'') * [[Bougainvillea]] * [[Gaël Faye]] === Ihuza ryo hanze === * [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Jacaranda_mimosifolia Amafoto ya ''Jacaranda mimosifolia''] kuri Wikimedia Commons [[Ikiciro:Ibimera]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiti]] [[Ikiciro:Indabo]] ody5qebaf5hlw8xl2s0nvz8nwlrdbq4 10 23559 148748 142523 2026-11-03T14:58:45Z Score Beethoven 11559 148748 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#switch: {{{1|ingingo}}} | ishusho = {{#switch: {{#expr: (floor({{#time:U}} / 1200) + 13) mod 27 }} | 0 = [[Dosiye:Estrellitas (Galinsoga parviflora).jpg|center|frameless|upright=1.2|link=Kimali|alt=Galinsoga parviflora]] <div style="text-align:center;font-size:0.95em;margin-top:0.5em">[[Kimali]] (''Galinsoga parviflora'')</div> | 1 = [[Dosiye:Ageratum conyzoides 1.jpg|center|frameless|upright=1.2|link=Ageratum conyzoides|alt=Ageratum conyzoides]] <div style="text-align:center;font-size:0.95em;margin-top:0.5em">''[[Ageratum conyzoides]]''</div> | 2 = [[Dosiye:Datura stramonium 2 (2005 07 07).jpg|center|frameless|upright=1.2|link=Rwiziringa|alt=Datura stramonium]] <div style="text-align:center;font-size:0.95em;margin-top:0.5em">[[Rwiziringa]] (''Datura stramonium'')</div> | 3 = [[Dosiye:Ensete ventricosum02.jpg|center|frameless|upright=1.2|link=Igitembe|alt=Ensete ventricosum]] <div style="text-align:center;font-size:0.95em;margin-top:0.5em">[[Igitembe]] (''Ensete ventricosum'')</div> | 4 = [[Dosiye:Flickr - João de Deus Medeiros - Ipomoea cairica.jpg|center|frameless|upright=1.2|link=Ipomoea cairica|alt=Ipomoea cairica]] <div style="text-align:center;font-size:0.95em;margin-top:0.5em">''[[Ipomoea cairica]]''</div> | 5 = [[Dosiye:Luigi Balugani - Valkoffa (Dombeya torrida) - B1977.14.8966 - Yale Center for British Art.jpg|center|frameless|upright=1.2|link=Dombeya torrida|alt=Dombeya torrida]] <div style="text-align:center;font-size:0.95em;margin-top:0.5em">''[[Dombeya torrida]]''</div> | 6 = [[Dosiye:Hypericum revolutum.jpg|center|frameless|upright=1.2|link=Hypericum revolutum|alt=Hypericum revolutum]] <div style="text-align:center;font-size:0.95em;margin-top:0.5em">''[[Hypericum revolutum]]''</div> | 7 = [[Dosiye:Impatiens.niamniamensis.7082.jpg|center|frameless|upright=1.2|link=Impatiens niamniamensis|alt=Impatiens niamniamensis]] <div style="text-align:center;font-size:0.95em;margin-top:0.5em">''[[Impatiens niamniamensis]]''</div> | 8 = [[Dosiye:Gloriosa superba 1.jpg|center|frameless|upright=1.2|link=Gloriosa superba|alt=Gloriosa superba]] <div style="text-align:center;font-size:0.95em;margin-top:0.5em">''[[Gloriosa superba]]''</div> | 9 = [[Dosiye:Brugmansia suaveolens - zhank puttra 2019.jpg|center|frameless|upright=1.2|link=Brugmansia suaveolens|alt=Brugmansia suaveolens]] <div style="text-align:center;font-size:0.95em;margin-top:0.5em">''[[Brugmansia suaveolens]]''</div> | 10 = [[Dosiye:Bunga Alamanda chatartica 01.jpg|center|frameless|upright=1.2|link=Allamanda cathartica|alt=Allamanda cathartica]] <div style="text-align:center;font-size:0.95em;margin-top:0.5em">''[[Allamanda cathartica]]''</div> | 11 = [[Dosiye:Pingo-de-ouro, ou violeteira (Duranta erecta) - 55224071491.jpg|center|frameless|upright=1.2|link=Duranta erecta|alt=Duranta erecta]] <div style="text-align:center;font-size:0.95em;margin-top:0.5em">''[[Duranta erecta]]''</div> | 12 = [[Dosiye:Plumeria-wiki-Zachi-Evenor-001a.jpg|center|frameless|upright=1.2|link=Plumeria rubra|alt=Plumeria rubra]] <div style="text-align:center;font-size:0.95em;margin-top:0.5em">''[[Plumeria rubra]]''</div> | 13 = [[Dosiye:Nerium oleander flowers leaves.jpg|center|frameless|upright=1.2|link=Nerium oleander|alt=Nerium oleander]] <div style="text-align:center;font-size:0.95em;margin-top:0.5em">''[[Nerium oleander]]''</div> | 14 = [[Dosiye:Red bottle brush.jpg|center|frameless|upright=1.2|link=Callistemon|alt=Callistemon]] <div style="text-align:center;font-size:0.95em;margin-top:0.5em">''[[Callistemon]]''</div> | 15 = [[Dosiye:Tecoma stans (Bignoniaceae) 02.jpg|center|frameless|upright=1.2|link=Tecoma stans|alt=Tecoma stans]] <div style="text-align:center;font-size:0.95em;margin-top:0.5em">''[[Tecoma stans]]''</div> | 16 = [[Dosiye:Euphorbia pulcherrima (Barlovento) 04.jpg|center|frameless|upright=1.2|link=Euphorbia pulcherrima|alt=Euphorbia pulcherrima]] <div style="text-align:center;font-size:0.95em;margin-top:0.5em">''[[Euphorbia pulcherrima]]''</div> | 17 = [[Dosiye:Hibiscus Brilliant.jpg|center|frameless|upright=1.2|link=Hibiscus rosa-sinensis|alt=Hibiscus rosa-sinensis]] <div style="text-align:center;font-size:0.95em;margin-top:0.5em">''[[Hibiscus rosa-sinensis]]''</div> | 18 = [[Dosiye:Canna indica.jpg|center|frameless|upright=1.2|link=Canna indica|alt=Canna indica]] <div style="text-align:center;font-size:0.95em;margin-top:0.5em">''[[Canna indica]]''</div> | 19 = [[Dosiye:Royal Poinciana.jpg|center|frameless|upright=1.2|link=Delonix regia|alt=Delonix regia]] <div style="text-align:center;font-size:0.95em;margin-top:0.5em">''[[Delonix regia]]''</div> | 20 = [[Dosiye:Bird of Paradise flower.JPG|center|frameless|upright=1.2|link=Strelitzia reginae|alt=Strelitzia reginae]] <div style="text-align:center;font-size:0.95em;margin-top:0.5em">''[[Strelitzia reginae]]''</div> | 21 = [[Dosiye:Jacaranda1212.jpg|center|frameless|upright=1.2|link=Jacaranda mimosifolia|alt=Jacaranda mimosifolia]] <div style="text-align:center;font-size:0.95em;margin-top:0.5em">''[[Jacaranda mimosifolia]]''</div> | 22 = [[Dosiye:Zantedeschia aethiopica -1.jpg|center|frameless|upright=1.2|link=Zantedeschia aethiopica|alt=Zantedeschia aethiopica]] <div style="text-align:center;font-size:0.95em;margin-top:0.5em">''[[Zantedeschia aethiopica]]''</div> | 23 = [[Dosiye:Spathodea Campanulata Tulip Tree Bokkapuram Sep22 A7C 02739.jpg|center|frameless|upright=1.2|link=Spathodea campanulata|alt=Spathodea campanulata]] <div style="text-align:center;font-size:0.95em;margin-top:0.5em">''[[Spathodea campanulata]]''</div> | 24 = [[Dosiye:Agapanthus praecox - 001.jpg|center|frameless|upright=1.2|link=Agapanthus praecox|alt=Agapanthus praecox]] <div style="text-align:center;font-size:0.95em;margin-top:0.5em">''[[Agapanthus praecox]]''</div> | 25 = [[Dosiye:Bougainvillea spectabilis Flowers Closeup2 TorreLaMata.jpg|center|frameless|upright=1.2|link=Bougainvillea|alt=Bougainvillea]] <div style="text-align:center;font-size:0.95em;margin-top:0.5em">''[[Bougainvillea]]''</div> | 26 = [[Dosiye:Heliconia rostrata (2026-05-27, Jardin botanique Jean-Marie Pelt, Villers-lès-Nancy, France).jpg|center|frameless|upright=1.2|link=Heliconia rostrata|alt=Heliconia rostrata]] <div style="text-align:center;font-size:0.95em;margin-top:0.5em">''[[Heliconia rostrata]]''</div> }} | #default = {{#switch: {{#expr: (floor({{#time:U}} / 1200) + {{{2|0}}}) mod 27 }} | 0 = [[Dosiye:Estrellitas (Galinsoga parviflora).jpg|right|150px|link=Kimali]] '''[[Kimali|Kimali]]''' (''Galinsoga parviflora''; mu Gifaransa ''galinsoga à petites fleurs'', mu Cyongereza ''gallant soldier'') ni icyatsi cyo mu muryango wa ''Asteraceae'', gikomoka muri Amerika yo hagati, ariko ubu kiboneka hafi ku isi hose, harimo no mu [[Rwanda]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Kimali|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 1 = [[Dosiye:Ageratum conyzoides 1.jpg|right|150px|link=Ageratum conyzoides]] '''''[[Ageratum conyzoides|Ageratum conyzoides]]''''' (mu Kinyarwanda ''inkuruba'' cyangwa ''akaziraruguma'', mu Cyongereza ''billygoat weed'') ni ikimera cyo mu muryango wa ''Asteraceae'', gikomoka muri [[Megizike]] ariko ubu kiboneka mu bihugu byinshi bishyuha, harimo n'u [[Rwanda]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Ageratum conyzoides|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 2 = [[Dosiye:Datura stramonium 2 (2005 07 07).jpg|right|150px|link=Rwiziringa]] '''[[Rwiziringa|Rwiziringa]]''' (''Datura stramonium''; mu Gifaransa ''stramoine'' cyangwa ''pomme épineuse'', mu Cyongereza ''jimsonweed'' cyangwa ''thorn apple'') ni ikimera cyo mu muryango wa ''Solanaceae'', gikomoka muri [[Megizike]] ariko ubu kiboneka hafi ku isi hose, harimo no mu [[Rwanda]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Rwiziringa|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 3 = [[Dosiye:Ensete ventricosum02.jpg|right|150px|link=Igitembe]] '''[[Igitembe|Igitembe]]''' (''Ensete ventricosum''; mu Gifaransa ''bananier d'Abyssinie'', mu Cyongereza ''enset'' cyangwa ''false banana'') ni ikimera kinini gisa n'[[urutoki]], cyo mu muryango wa ''Musaceae''. Gikomoka mu misozi ya [[Afurika]] y'Iburasirazuba n'iy'Amajyepfo, harimo n'u [[Rwanda]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Igitembe|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 4 = [[Dosiye:Flickr - João de Deus Medeiros - Ipomoea cairica.jpg|right|150px|link=Ipomoea cairica]] '''''[[Ipomoea cairica|Ipomoea cairica]]''''' (mu Gifaransa ''ipomée du Caire'', mu Cyongereza ''coastal morning glory'' cyangwa ''mile-a-minute'') ni ubwoko bw'ikimera kizamuka cyo mu muryango wa ''Convolvulaceae'', umuryango urimo n'[[ibijumba]]. Gikomoka muri [[Afurika]] ishyuha, harimo n'u [[Rwanda]], no muri [[Aziya]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Ipomoea cairica|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 5 = [[Dosiye:Luigi Balugani - Valkoffa (Dombeya torrida) - B1977.14.8966 - Yale Center for British Art.jpg|right|150px|link=Dombeya torrida]] '''''[[Dombeya torrida|Dombeya torrida]]''''' (mu Kinyarwanda ''umukore'') ni ubwoko bw'igiti cyo mu muryango wa ''Malvaceae'', gikomoka mu misozi miremire ya [[Afurika]] y'Iburasirazuba, harimo n'u [[Rwanda]], no mu majyepfo y'umwigimbakirwa wa Arabiya. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Dombeya torrida|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 6 = [[Dosiye:Hypericum revolutum.jpg|right|150px|link=Hypericum revolutum]] '''''[[Hypericum revolutum|Hypericum revolutum]]''''' (mu Cyongereza ''curry bush'' cyangwa ''forest primrose'') ni ubwoko bw'igihuru cyangwa igiti gito cyo mu muryango wa ''Hypericaceae''. Gikomoka mu misozi miremire ya [[Afurika]], harimo n'u [[Rwanda]], no mu majyepfo y'iburengerazuba bw'umwigimbakirwa wa Arabiya. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Hypericum revolutum|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 7 = [[Dosiye:Impatiens.niamniamensis.7082.jpg|right|150px|link=Impatiens niamniamensis]] '''''[[Impatiens niamniamensis|Impatiens niamniamensis]]''''' (mu Gifaransa ''impatience du Zaïre'' cyangwa ''impatience bec-de-perroquet'', mu Cyongereza ''parrot plant'') ni ubwoko bw'ikimera cy'indabo cyo mu muryango wa ''Balsaminaceae''. Gikomoka muri [[Afurika]] yo hagati n'iy'uburasirazuba, harimo n'u [[Rwanda]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Impatiens niamniamensis|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 8 = [[Dosiye:Gloriosa superba 1.jpg|right|150px|link=Gloriosa superba]] '''''[[Gloriosa superba|Gloriosa superba]]''''' (mu Gifaransa ''lis de Malabar'' cyangwa ''lis de flamme'', mu Cyongereza ''flame lily'' cyangwa ''glory lily'') ni ubwoko bw'ikimera kizamuka cyo mu muryango wa ''Colchicaceae''. Gikomoka muri [[Afurika]] yo munsi y'ubutayu bwa Sahara, harimo n'u [[Rwanda]], no mu majyepfo ya [[Aziya]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Gloriosa superba|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 9 = [[Dosiye:Brugmansia suaveolens - zhank puttra 2019.jpg|right|150px|link=Brugmansia suaveolens]] '''''[[Brugmansia suaveolens|Brugmansia suaveolens]]''''' (mu Kinyarwanda ''ikibutibuti'', mu Gifaransa ''trompette des anges'' cyangwa ''trompette du jugement dernier'', mu Cyongereza ''angel's trumpet'') ni ubwoko bw'igihuru cyangwa igiti gito cyo mu muryango wa ''Solanaceae'', umuryango urimo n'[[Ikirayi|ibirayi]] n'[[inyanya]]. Gikomoka mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba bwa [[Burezile]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Brugmansia suaveolens|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 10 = [[Dosiye:Bunga Alamanda chatartica 01.jpg|right|150px|link=Allamanda cathartica]] '''''[[Allamanda cathartica|Allamanda cathartica]]''''' (mu Gifaransa ''allamanda'' cyangwa ''liane à lait'', mu Cyongereza ''golden trumpet'' cyangwa ''yellow allamanda'') ni ubwoko bw'igihuru kizamuka cyo mu muryango wa ''Apocynaceae'', gikomoka mu majyaruguru ya Amerika y'Amajyepfo. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Allamanda cathartica|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 11 = [[Dosiye:Pingo-de-ouro, ou violeteira (Duranta erecta) - 55224071491.jpg|right|150px|link=Duranta erecta]] '''''[[Duranta erecta|Duranta erecta]]''''' (mu Gifaransa ''vanillier de Cayenne'', mu Cyongereza ''golden dewdrop'' cyangwa ''skyflower'') ni ubwoko bw'igihuru cyangwa igiti gito kirabya cyo mu muryango wa ''Verbenaceae'', gikomoka mu turere dushyuha twa Amerika. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Duranta erecta|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 12 = [[Dosiye:Plumeria-wiki-Zachi-Evenor-001a.jpg|right|150px|link=Plumeria rubra]] '''''[[Plumeria rubra|Plumeria rubra]]''''' (mu Gifaransa ''frangipanier'', mu Cyongereza ''frangipani'') ni ubwoko bw'igiti gito kirabya cyo mu muryango wa ''Apocynaceae'', gikomoka muri Amerika yo Hagati, kuva muri [[Megizike]] kugeza muri Venezuwela. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Plumeria rubra|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 13 = [[Dosiye:Nerium oleander flowers leaves.jpg|right|150px|link=Nerium oleander]] '''''[[Nerium oleander|Nerium oleander]]''''' (mu Gifaransa ''laurier-rose'', mu Cyongereza ''oleander'') ni ubwoko bw'igihuru cyangwa igiti gito kirabya cyo mu muryango wa ''Apocynaceae'', gikomoka mu karere ka Mediterane kugeza muri Aziya. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Nerium oleander|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 14 = [[Dosiye:Red bottle brush.jpg|right|150px|link=Callistemon]] '''''[[Callistemon|Callistemon]]''''' ni ubwoko (''genre'') bw'ibihuru byo mu muryango wa ''Myrtaceae'', bikomoka muri [[Ositaraliya]]. Mu Gifaransa byitwa ''rince-bouteille'', mu Cyongereza ''bottlebrush'', kubera ko indabo zabyo zimeze nk'uburoso bwo koza amacupa. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Callistemon|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 15 = [[Dosiye:Tecoma stans (Bignoniaceae) 02.jpg|right|150px|link=Tecoma stans]] '''''[[Tecoma stans|Tecoma stans]]''''' (mu Gifaransa ''trompette d'or'', mu Cyongereza ''yellow bells'' cyangwa ''yellow trumpetbush'') ni ubwoko bw'igihuru kirabya cyo mu muryango wa ''Bignoniaceae'', gikomoka muri [[Amerika]] ishyuha. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Tecoma stans|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 16 = [[Dosiye:Euphorbia pulcherrima (Barlovento) 04.jpg|right|150px|link=Euphorbia pulcherrima]] '''''[[Euphorbia pulcherrima|Euphorbia pulcherrima]]''''' (izwi cyane ku izina rya ''poinsettia''; mu Gifaransa ''étoile de Noël'') ni ubwoko bw'igihuru cyo mu muryango wa ''Euphorbiaceae'', gikomoka muri Amerika yo Hagati no mu majyepfo ya [[Megizike]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Euphorbia pulcherrima|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 17 = [[Dosiye:Hibiscus Brilliant.jpg|right|150px|link=Hibiscus rosa-sinensis]] '''''[[Hibiscus rosa-sinensis|Hibiscus rosa-sinensis]]''''' (mu Gifaransa ''hibiscus'' cyangwa ''rose de Chine'', mu Cyongereza ''Chinese hibiscus'') ni ubwoko bw'igihuru kirabya cyo mu muryango wa ''Malvaceae'', giterwa ku isi hose mu turere dushyuha kubera indabo zacyo nini z'amabara menshi. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Hibiscus rosa-sinensis|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 18 = [[Dosiye:Canna indica.jpg|right|150px|link=Canna indica]] '''''[[Canna indica|Canna indica]]''''' (mu Gifaransa ''canna'' cyangwa ''balisier'', mu Cyongereza ''Indian shot'' cyangwa ''edible canna'') ni ubwoko bw'[[Ikimera|ikimera]] kirabya cyo mu muryango wa ''Cannaceae'', gikomoka muri [[Amerika]] ishyuha. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Canna indica|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 19 = [[Dosiye:Royal Poinciana.jpg|right|150px|link=Delonix regia]] '''''[[Delonix regia|Delonix regia]]''''' (mu Gifaransa ''flamboyant'', mu Cyongereza ''flame tree'' cyangwa ''royal poinciana'') ni ubwoko bw'[[Igiti|igiti]] kirabya cyo mu muryango w'ibishyimbo (''Fabaceae''), gikomoka muri [[Madagasikari]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Delonix regia|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 20 = [[Dosiye:Bird of Paradise flower.JPG|right|150px|link=Strelitzia reginae]] '''''[[Strelitzia reginae|Strelitzia reginae]]''''' (mu Gifaransa ''oiseau de paradis'', mu Cyongereza ''bird of paradise'' cyangwa ''crane flower'') ni ubwoko bw'[[Ikimera|ikimera]] kirabya cyo mu muryango wa ''Strelitziaceae'', gikomoka muri [[Afurika y’Epfo]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Strelitzia reginae|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 21 = [[Dosiye:Jacaranda1212.jpg|right|150px|link=Jacaranda mimosifolia]] '''''[[Jacaranda mimosifolia|Jacaranda mimosifolia]]''''' (mu Gifaransa ''flamboyant bleu'' cyangwa ''jacaranda'', mu Cyongereza ''blue jacaranda'') ni ubwoko bw'[[Igiti|igiti]] kirabya cyo mu muryango wa ''Bignoniaceae'', gikomoka muri [[Boliviya]], [[Arijantine]] na [[Paragwe]], muri Amerika y'Amajyepfo. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Jacaranda mimosifolia|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 22 = [[Dosiye:Zantedeschia aethiopica -1.jpg|right|150px|link=Zantedeschia aethiopica]] '''''[[Zantedeschia aethiopica|Zantedeschia aethiopica]]''''' (mu Gifaransa ''arum blanc'' cyangwa ''calla'', mu Cyongereza ''calla lily'' cyangwa ''arum lily'') ni ubwoko bw'[[Ikimera|ikimera]] kirabya cyo mu muryango wa ''Araceae'', gikomoka muri [[Afurika y’Epfo]]. Gikunze kumera ku nkombe z'imigezi no hafi y'ibidendezi. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Zantedeschia aethiopica|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 23 = [[Dosiye:Spathodea Campanulata Tulip Tree Bokkapuram Sep22 A7C 02739.jpg|right|150px|link=Spathodea campanulata]] '''''[[Spathodea campanulata|Spathodea campanulata]]''''' (mu Gifaransa ''tulipier du Gabon'' cyangwa ''tulipier d'Afrique'', mu Cyongereza ''African tulip tree'') ni ubwoko bw'[[Igiti|igiti]] kirabya cyo mu muryango wa ''Bignoniaceae'', gikomoka mu mashyamba ashyuha yo muri [[Afurika]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Spathodea campanulata|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 24 = [[Dosiye:Agapanthus praecox - 001.jpg|right|150px|link=Agapanthus praecox]] '''''[[Agapanthus praecox|Agapanthus praecox]]''''' (mu Gifaransa ''agapanthe'', mu Cyongereza ''African lily'' cyangwa ''lily of the Nile'') ni ubwoko bw'[[Ikimera|ikimera]] kirabya cyo mu muryango wa ''Amaryllidaceae''. Gikomoka muri [[Afurika y’Epfo]], ariko ubu gihingwa cyane mu [[Ubusitani|busitani]] hirya no hino ku isi nk'ikimera cy'imitako. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Agapanthus praecox|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 25 = [[Dosiye:Bougainvillea spectabilis Flowers Closeup2 TorreLaMata.jpg|right|150px|link=Bougainvillea]] '''''[[Bougainvillea|Bougainvillea]]''''' ni ubwoko (''genre'') bw'ibihuru bifite amahwa byo mu muryango wa ''Nyctaginaceae''. Bikomoka mu mashyamba ashyuha y'imvura yo muri [[Amerika y’Epfo]], ariko ubu bihingwa hirya no hino ku isi nk'ibimera by'imitako, kugeza no mu turere dufite ubushyuhe buringaniye. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Bougainvillea|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 26 = [[Dosiye:Heliconia rostrata (2026-05-27, Jardin botanique Jean-Marie Pelt, Villers-lès-Nancy, France).jpg|right|150px|link=Heliconia rostrata]] '''''[[Heliconia rostrata|Heliconia rostrata]]''''' (mu Cyongereza ''hanging lobster claw'' cyangwa ''false bird of paradise'') ni ubwoko bw'[[Ikimera|ikimera]] kirabya cyo mu muryango wa ''Heliconiaceae''. Gikomoka mu mashyamba ashyuha y'imvura yo muri [[Amerika]] yo Hagati no mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba bwa [[Amerika y’Epfo]], kandi cyakwirakwiriye no mu tundi turere dushyuha tw'isi. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Heliconia rostrata|Soma byinshi →]]</div> }} }}</includeonly><noinclude> Iyi nyandikorugero ikoreshwa ku [[Intangiriro]]. Buri minsi 2, yerekana ikimera cyangwa ururabo ruboneka mu Rwanda mu gice « Ingingo y'icyumweru » (<code><nowiki>{{Intangiriro/Ibimera|ingingo}}</nowiki></code>) n'ikindi kimera mu gice « Ishusho y'icyumweru » (<code><nowiki>{{Intangiriro/Ibimera|ishusho}}</nowiki></code>). Kongeramo ikimera: ongeraho umurongo mushya muri buri <code>#switch</code>, hanyuma uhindure umubare <code>mod 27</code> ahantu habiri. == Ingero == {{Intangiriro/Ibimera|ingingo}} ---- {{Intangiriro/Ibimera|ishusho}} </noinclude> lql30huxq0gv9yuxpagewpknaq8s9dl 0 23620 148890 142477 2026-11-04T11:45:43Z Baraka official 17008 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 148890 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition (new) | name = Kanseri y'igifu | synonyms = Kanseri yo mu gifu; ''stomach cancer'', ''gastric cancer'' | image = Adenocarcinoma of the stomach.jpg | caption = Igifu cyafashwe na kanseri (''adenocarcinoma'') | field = Ubuvuzi bw'urwungano ngogozi, ubuvuzi bwa kanseri | symptoms = Mbere: kuribwa mu gifu, kubabara mu nda yo hejuru, isesemi, kubura ubushake bwo kurya. Nyuma: kugabanuka kw'ibiro, umuhondo ku ruhu no mu maso, kuruka amaraso, kugorwa no kumira | onset = Ikura buhoro buhoro mu myaka myinshi | types = ''Carcinoma'', ''lymphoma'', ibibyimba bya ''mesenchyme'' | causes = ''[[Helicobacter pylori]]'', uruhererekane | risks = Kunywa [[Igikamba|itabi]], imirire (imboga zibitswe mu munyu), umubyibuho ukabije | diagnosis = ''Biopsy'' ikorwa mu gihe cy'''endoscopy'' | prevention = Indyo yo mu karere ka Mediterane, kutanywa itabi | treatment = Kubaga, imiti ya kanseri (''chimiothérapie''), imirasire, ubuvuzi bugamije | prognosis = Kubaho imyaka itanu: munsi ya 10% (iyo yageze kure), 39,8% (Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Amerika) | frequency = 968 350 (2022) | deaths = 659 853 (2022) }} '''Kanseri y'igifu''' (mu [[Icyongereza|cyongereza]] ''stomach cancer'' cyangwa ''gastric cancer''), izwi kandi nka kanseri yo mu gifu, ni [[Indwara Ya Kanseri|kanseri]] ituruka ku gahu k'imbere k'igifu, iterwa no gukura bidasanzwe kw'uturemangingo. Impamvu yayo ikunze kugaragara ni ubwandu bwa [[bagiteri]] ''[[Helicobacter pylori]]''. Ibimenyetso bya mbere ni nko kuribwa mu gifu, kubabara mu nda yo hejuru, isesemi no kubura ubushake bwo kurya. Isuzumwa hakoreshejwe ''biopsy'' ifatwa mu gihe cya ''endoscopy''. Ivurwa no kubagwa, imiti ya kanseri n'imirasire; iyo itahuwe hakiri kare ishobora gukira. Ku isi, ni imwe muri kanseri eshanu zikunze kugaragara, ikaba ikunze kwibasira cyane [[Aziya]] y'Iburasirazuba n'[[Burayi]] bw'Iburasirazuba. == Ubwoko n'ibimenyetso == [[Dosiye:Infiltrative (poorly cohesive) gastric cancer.jpg|thumb|left|upright=0.8|Igifu cyakuwemo binyuze mu kubaga, kigaragaza kanseri y'igifu]] Inyinshi muri kanseri z'igifu ni ''carcinoma'' (cyane cyane ''adenocarcinoma'') zituruka ku turemangingo tw'agahu k'imbere k'igifu.<ref name="NCIdef" /><ref name="WCR2014" /> ''Lymphoma'' n'ibibyimba bya ''mesenchyme'' nabyo bishobora kugaragara mu gifu.<ref name="WCR2014" /> Ibimenyetso bya mbere bishobora kuba kuribwa mu gifu, kubabara mu nda yo hejuru, isesemi no kubura ubushake bwo kurya.<ref name="NCI2014TxPt" /> Nyuma hashobora kuza kugabanuka kw'ibiro, guhinduka umuhondo k'uruhu n'umweru w'amaso, [[kuruka]] amaraso, kugorwa no kumira no kugaragara kw'amaraso mu musarani.<ref name="NCI2014TxPt" /> Kanseri ishobora kuva mu gifu igakwirakwira mu bindi bice by'umubiri, cyane cyane [[umwijima]], ibihaha, amagufwa, agahu gatwikiriye inda imbere n'imvubura z'amatembabuzi (''lymph nodes'').<ref name="Ruddon2007" /> == Impamvu n'ibyago == Impamvu ikunze kugaragara ni ubwandu bwa ''Helicobacter pylori'', bugaragara ku barwayi barenga 60%.<ref name="WCR2014" /><ref name="ChangParsonnet2010" /><ref name="Issues2007" /> Ubwoko bumwe na bumwe bwa ''H. pylori'' bufite ibyago byinshi kurusha ubundi.<ref name="WCR2014" /> Kunywa itabi, imirire (nko kurya imboga zibitswe mu munyu) n'umubyibuho ukabije byongera ibyago.<ref name="WCR2014" /><ref name="pmid24011243" /> Hafi 10% by'abarwayi bafite abo mu muryango bayirwaye, naho hagati ya 1% na 3% bayiterwa n'indwara z'uruhererekane.<ref name="WCR2014" /> Akenshi kanseri y'igifu ikura buhoro buhoro mu myaka myinshi.<ref name="WCR2014" /> == Gusuzuma == Gusuzuma iyi ndwara bikorwa akenshi hafatwa agace k'urugingo (''biopsy'') mu gihe cya ''endoscopy''.<ref name="NCI2014TxPt" /> Hakurikiraho ibindi bizamini byerekana niba yarakwirakwiriye mu bindi bice by'umubiri.<ref name="NCI2014TxPt" /> [[Ubuyapani]] na [[Koreya y’Amajyepfo|Koreya y'Epfo]], ibihugu bibiri bifite igipimo cyo hejuru cy'iyi ndwara, bisuzuma abaturage kugira ngo iyi kanseri itahurwe hakiri kare.<ref name="WCR2014" /> == Kwirinda no kuvura == Indyo yo mu karere ka Mediterane no kureka itabi bigabanya ibyago byo kurwara kanseri y'igifu.<ref name="WCR2014" /><ref name="NCI2014Prevent" /> Hari ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko kuvura ubwandu bwa ''H. pylori'' bigabanya ibyago mu gihe kizaza.<ref name="WCR2014" /><ref name="NCI2014Prevent" /> Iyo kanseri y'igifu ivuwe hakiri kare, ishobora gukira.<ref name="WCR2014" /> Ubuvuzi bushobora kuba kubaga, imiti ya kanseri (''chimiothérapie''), imirasire n'ubuvuzi bugamije (''targeted therapy'').<ref name="NCI2014TxPt" /><ref name="Wagner17" /> Iyo itahuwe itinze, hatangwa ubuvuzi bugabanya ububabare.<ref name="WCR2014" /> Ubwoko bumwe bwa ''lymphoma'' y'igifu bushobora kuvurwa no kurandura ''H. pylori''.<ref name="St2010" /> Akenshi iyi ndwara irangira nabi: mu bihugu by'Iburengerazuba, abarwayi bafite kanseri yageze kure barenga imyaka itanu bari munsi ya 10%, kuko abenshi bayitahura yaramaze gukomera.<ref name="WJG14" /> Muri [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]], abarwayi bagera kuri 39,8% barenza imyaka itanu,<ref name="SEER" /> mu gihe muri Koreya y'Epfo barenga 65% naho mu Buyapani barenga 70%, ahanini bitewe n'isuzuma rikorwa hakiri kare.<ref name="WCR2014" /><ref name="Jap2011" /> == Ikwirakwizwa == Ku isi yose, kanseri y'igifu ni imwe muri kanseri zikunze kugaragara n'izica abantu benshi.<ref name="WCR2014Epi" /> Mu 2022, abantu 968 350 bayirwaye bwa mbere, ihitana abantu 659 853.<ref name="Bray2022" /> Mbere y'imyaka ya 1930, mu bice byinshi by'isi, harimo n'ibihugu byinshi byateye imbere by'Iburengerazuba, ni yo yari intandaro ya mbere y'impfu zikomoka kuri kanseri.<ref name="Cancermgmt" /><ref name="Handbook" /> Kuva icyo gihe, igipimo cy'impfu cyaragabanutse mu bice byinshi by'isi.<ref name="WCR2014" /> Ibi bikekwa ko biterwa no kugabanuka kw'ibiryo birimo [[umunyu]] mwinshi n'ibibitswe mu munyu, bitewe n'iterambere rya firigo mu kubika ibiryo.<ref name="Culture" /> Ikunze kugaragara cyane muri Aziya y'Iburasirazuba, igakurikirwa n'Uburayi bw'Iburasirazuba.<ref name="WCR2014" /> Ifata abagabo inshuro ebyiri kurusha [[Umugore|abagore]].<ref name="WCR2014" /> == Amafoto == <gallery mode="packed" heights="130"> File:Diagram showing the T stages of stomach cancer CRUK 374.svg|Ibyiciro (T) bya kanseri y'igifu File:Gastric adenocarcinoma.jpg|''Adenocarcinoma'' y'igifu ibonwa na mikorosikopi </gallery> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist|refs= <ref name="NCIdef">{{Cite web |title=What Is Stomach Cancer? |url=https://www.cancer.gov/types/stomach |website=National Cancer Institute |language=en |access-date=2026-10-18}}</ref> <ref name="WCR2014">{{Cite book|title=World Cancer Report 2014|date=2014|publisher=World Health Organization|isbn=978-9283204299|pages=Chapter 5.4}}</ref> <ref name="NCI2014TxPt">{{Cite web|title=Gastric Cancer Treatment (PDQ®)|url=http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/treatment/gastric/Patient/page1/AllPages|website=NCI|access-date=1 July 2014|date=2014-04-17|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140705231337/http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/treatment/gastric/Patient/page1/AllPages|archive-date=5 July 2014}}</ref> <ref name="Ruddon2007">{{Cite book|last=Ruddon|first=Raymond W.|title=Cancer biology|date=2007|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford|isbn=9780195175431|page=223|edition=4th|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PymZ1ORk0TcC&pg=PA223|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150915231411/https://books.google.com/books?id=PymZ1ORk0TcC&pg=PA223|archive-date=15 September 2015}}</ref> <ref name="ChangParsonnet2010">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Chang AH, Parsonnet J|title=Role of bacteria in oncogenesis|journal=Clinical Microbiology Reviews|volume=23|issue=4|pages=837–57|date=October 2010|pmid=20930075|pmc=2952975|doi=10.1128/CMR.00012-10}}</ref> <ref name="Issues2007">{{Cite book|editor-last=Sim|editor-first=Fiona|editor-last2=McKee|editor-first2=Martin|title=Issues in public health|date=2011|publisher=Open University Press|location=Maidenhead|isbn=9780335244225|page=74|edition=2nd|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Jn8xC6_UW8YC&pg=PA74|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160617124704/https://books.google.com/books?id=Jn8xC6_UW8YC&pg=PA74|archive-date=17 June 2016}}</ref> <ref name="pmid24011243">{{Cite journal|vauthors=González CA, Sala N, Rokkas T|title=Gastric cancer: epidemiologic aspects|journal=Helicobacter|volume=18|issue=Suppl 1|pages=34–8|date=September 2013|pmid=24011243|doi=10.1111/hel.12082}}</ref> <ref name="NCI2014Prevent">{{Cite web|title=Stomach (Gastric) Cancer Prevention (PDQ®)|url=https://www.cancer.gov/types/stomach/hp/stomach-prevention-pdq |website=NCI|access-date=1 July 2014|date=2014-02-27}}</ref> <ref name="Wagner17">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Wagner AD, Syn NL, Moehler M, Grothe W, Yong WP, Tai BC, Ho J, Unverzagt S|title=Chemotherapy for advanced gastric cancer|journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|volume=8|pages=CD004064|date=August 2017|pmid=28850174|pmc=6483552|doi=10.1002/14651858.cd004064.pub4}}</ref> <ref name="St2010">{{Cite journal|last=Stathis|first=A|last2=Bertoni|first2=F|last3=Zucca|first3=E|title=Treatment of gastric marginal zone lymphoma of MALT type.|journal=Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy|date=September 2010|volume=11|issue=13|pages=2141–52|doi=10.1517/14656566.2010.497141|pmid=20586708}}</ref> <ref name="WJG14">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Orditura M, Galizia G, Sforza V, Gambardella V, Fabozzi A, Laterza MM, Andreozzi F, Ventriglia J, Savastano B, Mabilia A, Lieto E, Ciardiello F, De Vita F|title=Treatment of gastric cancer|journal=World Journal of Gastroenterology|volume=20|issue=7|pages=1635–49|date=February 2014|pmid=24587643|pmc=3930964|doi=10.3748/wjg.v20.i7.1635}}</ref> <ref name="SEER">{{Cite web |title=Cancer of the Stomach - Cancer Stat Facts |url=https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/stomach.html |website=SEER, National Cancer Institute |language=en |access-date=2026-10-18}}</ref> <ref name="Jap2011">{{Cite web|title=がん診療連携拠点病院等院内がん登録生存率集計 (国立がん研究センター　がん登録・統計)|url=https://ganjoho.jp/reg_stat/statistics/brochure/hosp_c_reg_surv.html|language=ja|website=ganjoho.jp|access-date=2 February 2020|archive-date=16 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150916063111/https://ganjoho.jp/reg_stat/statistics/brochure/hosp_c_reg_surv.html|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="WCR2014Epi">{{Cite book|title=World Cancer Report 2014|date=2014|publisher=World Health Organization|isbn=978-9283204299|chapter=Chapter 1.1}}</ref> <ref name="Cancermgmt">{{Cite book|last1=Tobias|first1=Jeffrey|last2=Hochhauser|first2=Daniel|title=Cancer and its management|date=2010|publisher=Wiley-Blackwell|location=Chichester, West Sussex, UK|isbn=9781444306378|page=259|edition=6th|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9sW0eCoZFt4C&pg=PA259|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150915182348/https://books.google.com/books?id=9sW0eCoZFt4C&pg=PA259|archive-date=15 September 2015}}</ref> <ref name="Handbook">{{Cite book|editor-last1=Skeel|editor-first1=Roland T.|editor-last2=Khleif|editor-first2=Samir N.|title=Handbook of cancer chemotherapy|date=2011|publisher=Wolter Kluwer|location=Philadelphia|isbn=9781608317820|page=127|edition=8th|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6Nz_87OLrtcC&pg=PA127|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150918163929/https://books.google.com/books?id=6Nz_87OLrtcC&pg=PA127|archive-date=18 September 2015}}</ref> <ref name="Culture">{{Cite book|editor-last1=Moore|editor-first1=Rhonda J.|editor-last2=Spiegel|editor-first2=David|title=Cancer, culture, and communication|date=2004|publisher=Kluwer Academic|location=New York|isbn=9780306478857|page=[https://archive.org/details/springer_10.1007-b105731/page/n157 139]|url=https://archive.org/details/springer_10.1007-b105731}}</ref> <ref name="Bray2022">{{Cite journal |last1=Bray |first1=Freddie |last2=Laversanne |first2=Mathieu |last3=Sung |first3=Hyuna |last4=Ferlay |first4=Jacques |last5=Siegel |first5=Rebecca L. |last6=Soerjomataram |first6=Isabelle |last7=Jemal |first7=Ahmedin |date=2024-04-04 |title=Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries |journal=CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians |volume=74 |issue=3 |pages=229–263 |language=en |doi=10.3322/caac.21834 |pmid=38572751 |doi-access=free}}</ref> }} == Reba kandi == === Ingingo zijyanye === * [[Indwara Ya Kanseri]] * [[Helicobacter pylori]] * [[Kanseri yo mu bihaha]] * [[Kanseri y’ibere]] === Ihuza ryo hanze === * [https://www.cancer.gov/types/stomach Stomach Cancer] – ''National Cancer Institute'' (mu cyongereza) {{DEFAULTSORT:Kanseri y'igifu}} [[Ikiciro:Kanseri]] [[Ikiciro:Indwara]] [[Ikiciro:Ubuzima]] [[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]] 9ykcxh4bfopcw1yihurl8m64w8f7fl3 0 23755 148601 143862 2026-11-03T13:04:08Z Score Beethoven 11559 148601 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox umurenge}} '''Umurenge wa Gatsata''' ni umwe mu [[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|mirenge]] 15 igize [[Akarere ka Gasabo]], mu [[Kigali|Mujyi wa Kigali]], mu [[Rwanda]]. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, Umurenge wa Gatsata wari utuwe n'abaturage 46 262. Ugizwe n'utugari 3. Muri uyu murenge hari urwibutso rwa [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]]. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → [[Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Uturere]] → Imirenge → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Ubuso n'utugari == Umurenge wa Gatsata ni umwe mu mirenge 15 y'Akarere ka Gasabo.<ref name="menya">{{Cite web |url=https://www.gasabo.gov.rw/about/menya-akarere |title=Menya Akarere |website=gasabo.gov.rw |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Ufite ubuso bwa km² 6,02.<ref name="citypop">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/gasabo/1202__gatsata/ |title=Gatsata (Sector, Rwanda) – Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Ugizwe n'[[Akagari|utugari]] 3:<ref name="menya" /> {{div col|colwidth=15em}} * Karuruma * Nyamabuye * Nyamugari {{div col end}} == Abaturage == Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2012, Umurenge wa Gatsata wari utuwe n'abaturage 37 110. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, wari utuwe n'abaturage 46 262. Abagabo bari 24 146. Abagore bari 22 116. Abaturage bose batuye mu mujyi.<ref name="citypop" /> == Urwibutso rwa Jenoside == Mu Murenge wa Gatsata hari urwibutso rwa [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]]. Ku rwibutso rwa Gatsata habarurwa abazize Jenoside 513.<ref name="nt-rms">{{Cite web |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/26503/news/kwibuka/rwanda-medical-supply-honours-genocide-victims |title=Rwanda Medical Supply honours Genocide victims |last=Ufitiwabo |first=Aurore Teta |website=The New Times |date=2025-05-17 |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> == Ibidukikije == [[Dosiye:Gatsata Nyabugogo Road.jpg|thumb|left|Umuhanda i Gatsata]] Amagaraje yo mu Murenge wa Gatsata asohora imyanda ihumanya. Iyo myanda ijya mu gishanga no mu [[Umugezi wa Nyabugogo|mugezi wa Nyabugogo]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/27574/news/environment/scientists-raise-alarm-over-worsening-pollution-in-nyabugogo-river |title=Scientists raise alarm over worsening pollution in Nyabugogo river |last=Nkurunziza |first=Michel |website=The New Times |date=2025-06-28 |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Gatsata Sector|Amafoto y’Umurenge wa Gatsata]] kuri Wikimedia Commons {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Gasabo}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Gasabo|Gatsata]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Gatsata]] 314in6sq6fdsp2prcwn08g6dbckneqs 0 23756 148605 143709 2026-11-03T13:04:17Z Score Beethoven 11559 148605 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox umurenge}} '''Umurenge wa Gikomero''' ni umwe mu mirenge 15 igize [[Akarere ka Gasabo]], mu [[Kigali|Mujyi wa Kigali]], mu [[Rwanda]]. Ugizwe n'utugari 5. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, Umurenge wa Gikomero wari utuwe n'abaturage 19 630. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → [[Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Uturere]] → Imirenge → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Utugari == [[Dosiye:Rwanda, Gasabo District.png|thumb|left|Ikarita y'Akarere ka Gasabo]] Umurenge wa Gikomero ni umwe mu mirenge 15 y'Akarere ka Gasabo. Ugizwe n'[[Akagari|utugari]] 5:<ref name="menya">{{Cite web |url=https://www.gasabo.gov.rw/about/menya-akarere |title=Menya Akarere |website=gasabo.gov.rw |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-23}}</ref> {{div col|colwidth=15em}} * Gasagara * Gicaca * Kibara * Munini * Murambi {{div col end}} == Abaturage == Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2012, Umurenge wa Gikomero wari utuwe n'abaturage 16 625. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, wari utuwe n'abaturage 19 630.<ref name="citypop">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/12__gasabo/ |title=Gasabo (District, Rwanda) – Sectors |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-23}}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Gikomero Sector|Amafoto y'Umurenge wa Gikomero]] kuri Wikimedia Commons {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Gasabo}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Gasabo]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Gikomero]] ckugwebwfr17yw6pr3uvhnxrokjrwm5 0 23758 148611 143714 2026-11-03T13:04:29Z Score Beethoven 11559 148611 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox umurenge}} '''Umurenge wa Jabana''' ni umwe mu mirenge 15 igize [[Akarere ka Gasabo]], mu [[Kigali|Mujyi wa Kigali]], mu [[Rwanda]]. Ugizwe n'utugari 5. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, Umurenge wa Jabana wari utuwe n'abaturage 63 862. Muri uyu murenge hari [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Jabana]]. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → [[Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Uturere]] → Imirenge → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Ubuso n'utugari == [[Dosiye:Rwanda, Gasabo District.png|thumb|left|upright=0.5|Akarere ka Gasabo]] Umurenge wa Jabana ni umwe mu mirenge 15 y'Akarere ka Gasabo. Ufite ubuso bwa km² 36,38.<ref name="citypop">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/12__gasabo/ |title=Gasabo (District, Rwanda) – Sectors |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Ugizwe n'[[Akagari|utugari]] 5:<ref name="menya">{{Cite web |url=https://www.gasabo.gov.rw/about/menya-akarere |title=Menya Akarere |website=gasabo.gov.rw |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> {{div col|colwidth=15em}} * Akamatamu * Bweramvura * Kabuye * Kidashya * Ngiryi {{div col end}} {{clear|left}} == Abaturage == Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2012, Umurenge wa Jabana wari utuwe n'abaturage 33 577. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, wari utuwe n'abaturage 63 862.<ref name="citypop" /> == Urwibutso rwa Jenoside == [[Dosiye:Jabana genocide memorial - 5.jpg|thumb|left|upright=0.6|[[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Jabana]]]] Mu Murenge wa Jabana hari [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Jabana]]. Ku rwibutso rwa Jabana habarurwa abazize [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]] 332.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/26503/news/kwibuka/rwanda-medical-supply-honours-genocide-victims |title=Rwanda Medical Supply honours Genocide victims |last=Ufitiwabo |first=Aurore Teta |website=The New Times |date=2025-05-17 |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> {{clear|left}} == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Gasabo}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Gasabo]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Jabana]] lyb13k84sezek578xnw0b1ptn58sr6k 0 23759 148634 143738 2026-11-03T13:05:18Z Score Beethoven 11559 148634 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox umurenge}} '''Umurenge wa Kimironko''' ni umwe mu mirenge 15 igize [[Akarere ka Gasabo]], mu [[Kigali|Mujyi wa Kigali]], mu [[Rwanda]]. Ugizwe n'utugari 3. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, Umurenge wa Kimironko wari utuwe n'abaturage 61 733. Muri uyu murenge hari [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kibagabaga]]. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → [[Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Uturere]] → Imirenge → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Ubuso n'utugari == [[Dosiye:Rwanda, Gasabo District.png|thumb|left|upright=0.5|Akarere ka Gasabo]] Umurenge wa Kimironko ni umwe mu mirenge 15 y'Akarere ka Gasabo. Ufite ubuso bwa km² 11,33.<ref name="citypop">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/12__gasabo/ |title=Gasabo (District, Rwanda) – Sectors |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Ugizwe n'[[Akagari|utugari]] 3:<ref name="menya">{{Cite web |url=https://www.gasabo.gov.rw/about/menya-akarere |title=Menya Akarere |website=gasabo.gov.rw |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> {{div col|colwidth=15em}} * Bibare * Kibagabaga * Nyagatovu {{div col end}} {{clear|left}} == Abaturage == Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2012, Umurenge wa Kimironko wari utuwe n'abaturage 57 430. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, wari utuwe n'abaturage 61 733.<ref name="citypop" /> == Urwibutso rwa Jenoside == Mu Murenge wa Kimironko hari [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kibagabaga]]. Ku rwibutso rwa Kibagabaga habarurwa abazize [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]] 23 141.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/26503/news/kwibuka/rwanda-medical-supply-honours-genocide-victims |title=Rwanda Medical Supply honours Genocide victims |last=Ufitiwabo |first=Aurore Teta |website=The New Times |date=2025-05-17 |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Kimironko Sector|Amafoto y'Umurenge wa Kimironko]] kuri Wikimedia Commons {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Gasabo}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Gasabo]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Kimironko]] t0s8sc3iv0oz45qcee0w6s7yg9gigma 0 23760 148636 143740 2026-11-03T13:05:22Z Score Beethoven 11559 148636 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox umurenge}} '''Umurenge wa Kinyinya''' ni umwe mu mirenge 15 igize [[Akarere ka Gasabo]], mu [[Kigali|Mujyi wa Kigali]], mu [[Rwanda]]. Ugizwe n'utugari 4. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, Umurenge wa Kinyinya wari utuwe n'abaturage 125 400. Muri uyu murenge hari [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kinyinya]]. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → [[Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Uturere]] → Imirenge → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Ubuso n'utugari == [[Dosiye:Rwanda, Gasabo District.png|thumb|left|upright=0.5|Akarere ka Gasabo]] Umurenge wa Kinyinya ni umwe mu mirenge 15 y'Akarere ka Gasabo. Ufite ubuso bwa km² 24,20.<ref name="citypop">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/12__gasabo/ |title=Gasabo (District, Rwanda) – Sectors |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Ugizwe n'[[Akagari|utugari]] 4:<ref name="menya">{{Cite web |url=https://www.gasabo.gov.rw/about/menya-akarere |title=Menya Akarere |website=gasabo.gov.rw |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> {{div col|colwidth=15em}} * Gacuriro * Gasharu * Kagugu * Murama {{div col end}} {{clear|left}} == Abaturage == Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2012, Umurenge wa Kinyinya wari utuwe n'abaturage 57 846. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, wari utuwe n'abaturage 125 400.<ref name="citypop" /> == Urwibutso rwa Jenoside == [[Dosiye:Kinyinya Genocide Memorial, building (2).jpg|thumb|left|upright=0.6|[[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kinyinya]]]] Mu Murenge wa Kinyinya hari [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kinyinya]]. Ruri i Murama. Muri uru rwibutso hashyinguwe abazize [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]] 441.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.topafricanews.com/2025/04/20/kinyinya-honors-victims-of-the-genocide-against-the-tutsi-in-31st-commemoration-ceremony/ |title=Kinyinya Honors Victims of the Genocide Against the Tutsi in 31st Commemoration Ceremony |author=Mutangana Emmanuel |website=Top Africa News |date=2025-04-20 |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> {{clear|left}} == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Kinyinya Sector|Amafoto y'Umurenge wa Kinyinya]] kuri Wikimedia Commons {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Gasabo}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Gasabo]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Kinyinya]] 66ts4jz13kfx4lfuw0j200988lbxc2i 0 23838 148598 143846 2026-11-03T13:04:00Z Score Beethoven 11559 148598 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Hatnote|Ntukitiranye n’[[Umurenge wa Gishari]] wo mu [[Akarere ka Rwamagana]].}} {{Infobox umurenge}} '''Umurenge wa Gashari''' ni umwe mu [[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|mirenge]] 13 igize [[Akarere ka Karongi]], mu [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba|Ntara y'Uburengerazuba]] y’u [[Rwanda]]. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, Umurenge wa Gashari wari utuwe n'abaturage 21 263. Abaturage bose batuye mu cyaro. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → [[Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Uturere]] → Imirenge → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Aho uherereye == [[Dosiye:Rwanda, Karongi District.png|thumb|left|Ikarita y'Akarere ka Karongi]] Umurenge wa Gashari ni umwe mu mirenge 13 y'Akarere ka Karongi.<ref name="nisr">{{Cite web |url=https://statistics.gov.rw/sites/default/files/2025-05/Karongi.pdf |title=The Fifth Rwanda Population and Housing Census (RPHC2022), District Profile: Karongi |publisher=National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda |year=2023 |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Ku rubuga City Population, uyu murenge witwa Gishari.<ref name="citypop">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/31__karongi |title=Karongi (District, Rwanda) – Sectors |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> == Abaturage == Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2012, Umurenge wa Gashari wari utuwe n'abaturage 19 904.<ref name="citypop" /> Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, wari utuwe n'abaturage 21 263. Abagabo bari 10 156. Abagore bari 11 107. Abana bari munsi y'imyaka 18 bari 9 436.<ref name="nisr" /> Umurenge wa Gashari utuwe na 5,7 % by'abaturage b'Akarere ka Karongi. Abaturage bose batuye mu cyaro.<ref name="nisr" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Karongi}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Karongi|Gashari]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Gashari]] 3ug9yuxb2ru2azuggac3bepa6iawjwb 0 23848 148627 143909 2026-11-03T13:05:04Z Score Beethoven 11559 148627 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox umurenge}} '''Umurenge wa Kibeho''' ni umwe mu [[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|mirenge]] 14 igize [[Akarere ka Nyaruguru]], mu [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Ntara y'Amajyepfo]] y’u [[Rwanda]]. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, Umurenge wa Kibeho wari utuwe n'abaturage 25 885. Ni wo murenge wonyine w'Akarere ka Nyaruguru ufite abaturage batuye mu mujyi. Kibeho izwi kubera amabonekerwa ya Bikira Mariya. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → [[Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Uturere]] → Imirenge → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Abaturage == [[Dosiye:Rwanda, Nyaruguru District.png|thumb|left|Ikarita y'Akarere ka Nyaruguru]] Umurenge wa Kibeho ni umwe mu mirenge 14 y'Akarere ka Nyaruguru.<ref name="citypopd">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/23__nyaruguru/ |title=Nyaruguru (District, Rwanda) – Sectors |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref><ref name="menya">{{Cite web |url=https://www.nyaruguru.gov.rw/akarere/menya-akarere |title=Menya Nyaruguru |website=nyaruguru.gov.rw |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2012, Umurenge wa Kibeho wari utuwe n'abaturage 21 456. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, wari utuwe n'abaturage 25 885. Abagabo bari 12 326. Abagore bari 13 559.<ref name="citypop">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/nyaruguru/2303__kibeho/ |title=Kibeho (Sector, Rwanda) – Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref><ref name="nisr">{{Cite web |url=https://www.statistics.gov.rw/sites/default/files/2025-05/Nyaruguru.pdf |title=Fifth Population and Housing Census, Rwanda, 2022: District Profile, Nyaruguru |publisher=National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda |date=2023 |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Mu 2022, abaturage 7 641 batuye mu mujyi. Abaturage 18 244 batuye mu cyaro. Kibeho ni wo murenge wonyine w'Akarere ka Nyaruguru ufite abaturage batuye mu mujyi.<ref name="nisr" /> == Ingoro ya Bikira Mariya == {{Main|Bikira Mariya w'Ikibeho}} [[Dosiye:Sanctuaire-marial.jpg|thumb|left|Ingoro ya Bikira Mariya y'i Kibeho]] Kibeho izwi kubera amabonekerwa ya Bikira Mariya. Amabonekerwa yatangiye ku wa 28 Ugushyingo 1981, ku ishuri ryo i Kibeho.<ref name="ewtn">{{Cite web |url=https://www.ewtn.com/catholicism/library/judgement-on-the-apparitions-of-kibeho-5709 |title=Judgement on the Apparitions of Kibeho |website=EWTN |publisher=L'Osservatore Romano |date=2001-07-11 |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Ku wa 29 Kamena 2001, Musenyeri Augustin Misago wa [[Diyosezi Gatolika ya Gikongoro]] yemeje ko amabonekerwa y'abakobwa batatu ari ay'ukuri. Abo bakobwa ni Alphonsine Mumureke, Nathalie Mukamazimpaka na Marie-Claire Mukangango.<ref name="ewtn" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ingingo zijyanye == * [[Bikira Mariya w'Ikibeho]] * [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kibeho]] {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Nyaruguru}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Nyaruguru|Kibeho]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Kibeho]] pbj4hqvqzbd8dojyn85afggyrtaufk5 0 23849 148633 143900 2026-11-03T13:05:15Z Score Beethoven 11559 148633 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox umurenge}} '''Umurenge wa Kimihurura''' ni umwe mu [[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|mirenge]] 15 igize [[Akarere ka Gasabo]], mu [[Kigali|Mujyi wa Kigali]], mu [[Rwanda]]. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, Umurenge wa Kimihurura wari utuwe n'abaturage 16 425. Ugizwe n'utugari 3. Muri uyu murenge hari inyubako ya [[Kigali Convention Centre]]. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → [[Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Uturere]] → Imirenge → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Ubuso n'utugari == [[Dosiye:Rwanda, Gasabo District.png|thumb|left|Ikarita y'Akarere ka Gasabo]] Umurenge wa Kimihurura ni umwe mu mirenge 15 y'Akarere ka Gasabo.<ref name="menya">{{Cite web |url=https://www.gasabo.gov.rw/about/menya-akarere |title=Menya Akarere |website=gasabo.gov.rw |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Ufite ubuso bwa km² 5,07.<ref name="citypop">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/gasabo/1208__kimihurura/ |title=Kimihurura (Sector, Rwanda) – Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Ugizwe n'[[Akagari|utugari]] 3:<ref name="menya" /> {{div col|colwidth=15em}} * Kamukina * Kimihurura * Rugando {{div col end}} == Abaturage == Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2012, Umurenge wa Kimihurura wari utuwe n'abaturage 21 672. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, wari utuwe n'abaturage 16 425. Abagabo bari 8 599. Abagore bari 7 826. Abaturage bose batuye mu mujyi.<ref name="citypop" /> Umubare w'abaturage wagabanutse hagati ya 2012 na 2022. == Ahantu nyaburanga == Mu Murenge wa Kimihurura hari inyubako ya [[Kigali Convention Centre]]. Iyi nyubako yatangiye kubakwa mu 2009.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://inyarwanda.com/rw/amakuru/hatangajwe-igihe-inyubako-ya-kigali-convetion-center-izatang-67490 |title=Hatangajwe igihe inyubako ya Kigali Convetion Center izatangirira gukoresherezwa |last=Renzaho |first=Christophe |website=Inyarwanda |date=2016-01-29 |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Yafunguwe muri Nyakanga 2016. Yatwaye amadolari y'Amerika arenga miliyoni 300.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.architecturaldigest.com/story/everything-need-know-about-africa-most-expensive-building |title=Everything You Need to Know About Africa’s Most Expensive Building |last=Briones |first=Isis |website=Architectural Digest |date=2019-05-30 |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Mu Kuboza 2019, kuri Kigali Convention Centre hashyizwe urwibutso rwo kurwanya ruswa. Ni igishusho cy'icyuma gifite ishusho y'ikiganza. Cyakozwe n'umuhanzi Ahmed Al-Bahrani.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/171880/News/kagame-emir-of-qatar-unveil-new-anti-corruption-monument |title=Kagame, Emir of Qatar unveil new anti-corruption monument |last=Bizimungu |first=Julius |website=The New Times |date=2019-12-10 |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Mu Murenge wa Kimihurura hari kandi inyubako y'[[Umutwe w’Abadepite]]. Hari na [[Ingoro Ndangamurage y'Amateka y'Urugamba rwo guhagarika Genocide|Ingoro ndangamurage y'amateka y'urugamba rwo guhagarika Jenoside]]. == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Kimihurura Sector|Amafoto y’Umurenge wa Kimihurura]] kuri Wikimedia Commons {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Gasabo}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Gasabo|Kimihurura]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Kimihurura]] fbax1vb42toqnco979ovrud4rjtg82w 0 23850 148713 143902 2026-11-03T13:08:44Z Score Beethoven 11559 148713 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox umurenge}} '''Umurenge wa Rwezamenyo''' ni umwe mu [[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|mirenge]] 10 igize [[Akarere ka Nyarugenge]], mu [[Kigali|Mujyi wa Kigali]], mu [[Rwanda]]. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, Umurenge wa Rwezamenyo wari utuwe n’abaturage 14 754. Ugizwe n’utugari 4. Mu 2018, wabaye uwa mbere mu Mujyi wa Kigali mu isuku n’umutekano. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → [[Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Uturere]] → Imirenge → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Utugari == [[Dosiye:Rwanda, Nyarugenge District.png|thumb|left|Ikarita y’Akarere ka Nyarugenge]] Umurenge wa Rwezamenyo ni umwe mu mirenge 10 y’Akarere ka Nyarugenge. Ugizwe n’[[Akagari|utugari]] 4:<ref name="utugari">{{Cite web |url=https://www.nyarugenge.gov.rw/akarere/imirenge-nutugali |title=Imirenge n'Utugari |website=Akarere ka Nyarugenge |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> {{div col|colwidth=15em}} * Kabuguru I * Kabuguru II * Rwezamenyo I * Rwezamenyo II {{div col end}} == Abaturage == Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2012, Umurenge wa Rwezamenyo wari utuwe n’abaturage 16 763. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, wari utuwe n’abaturage 14 754. Abagabo bari 7 556. Abagore bari 7 198. Abaturage bose bari batuye mu mujyi.<ref name="citypop">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/nyarugenge/1110__rwezamenyo/ |title=Rwezamenyo (Sector, Rwanda) – Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Mu 2022, abaturage 3 552 bari munsi y’imyaka 15. Abaturage 10 813 bari hagati y’imyaka 15 na 64. Abaturage 389 bari bafite imyaka 65 cyangwa irenga.<ref name="citypop"/> == Isuku n’umutekano == Ku wa 1 Kamena 2018, Umurenge wa Rwezamenyo wabaye uwa mbere mu Mujyi wa Kigali mu bukangurambaga bw’isuku n’umutekano. Wahembwe imodoka yo mu bwoko bwa Mahindra.<ref name="igihe">{{Cite web |url=https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/kigali-umurenge-wa-rwezamenyo-wahize-indi-mu-isuku-n-umutekano-wegukana-imodoka |title=Kigali: Umurenge wa Rwezamenyo wahize indi mu isuku n’umutekano wegukana imodoka |author=Thamimu Hakizimana |website=IGIHE |date=2018-06-02 |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.rwandamagazine.com/amakuru/mu-rwanda/article/umurenge-wa-rwezamenyo-wahembwe-imodoka-nyuma-yo-guhiga-iyindi-mu-isuku-n |title=Umurenge wa Rwezamenyo wahembwe imodoka nyuma yo guhiga iyindi mu isuku n’umutekano |website=Rwanda Magazine |date=2018-06-02 |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Rwezamenyo Sector|Amafoto y’Umurenge wa Rwezamenyo]] kuri Wikimedia Commons {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Nyarugenge}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Nyarugenge|Rwezamenyo]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Rwezamenyo]] f84bedt9flf54ynejoenpmh2ue2g5s8 0 23851 148629 143962 2026-11-03T13:05:09Z Score Beethoven 11559 148629 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Hatnote|Iyi ngingo ivuga ku Murenge wa Kigali wo mu Karere ka Nyarugenge. Ku Mujyi wa Kigali, reba [[Kigali]].}} {{Infobox umurenge}} '''Umurenge wa Kigali''' ni umwe mu [[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|mirenge]] 10 igize [[Akarere ka Nyarugenge]], mu [[Kigali|Mujyi wa Kigali]], mu [[Rwanda]]. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, Umurenge wa Kigali wari utuwe n’abaturage 61 499. Ugizwe n’utugari 5. Abaturage bawo benshi batuye mu mujyi. Abandi batuye mu cyaro. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → [[Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Uturere]] → Imirenge → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Utugari == [[Dosiye:Rwanda, Nyarugenge District.png|thumb|left|Ikarita y’Akarere ka Nyarugenge]] Umurenge wa Kigali ni umwe mu mirenge 10 y’Akarere ka Nyarugenge. Ugizwe n’[[Akagari|utugari]] 5:<ref name="utugari">{{Cite web |url=https://www.nyarugenge.gov.rw/akarere/imirenge-nutugali |title=Imirenge n'Utugari |website=Akarere ka Nyarugenge |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> {{div col|colwidth=15em}} * Kigali * Mwendo * Nyabugogo * Ruriba * Rwesero {{div col end}} == Abaturage == Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2012, Umurenge wa Kigali wari utuwe n’abaturage 30 023. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, wari utuwe n’abaturage 61 499. Abagabo bari 32 124. Abagore bari 29 375. Abaturage 44 185 bari batuye mu mujyi. Abaturage 17 314 bari batuye mu cyaro.<ref name="citypop">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/nyarugenge/1103__kigali/ |title=Kigali (Sector, Rwanda) – Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Mu 2022, abaturage 22 404 bari munsi y’imyaka 15. Abaturage 38 004 bari hagati y’imyaka 15 na 64. Abaturage 1 091 bari bafite imyaka 65 cyangwa irenga.<ref name="citypop"/> == Ubwikorezi == Mu Kagari ka Nyabugogo no mu nkengero zako hari ibikorwa by’ubwikorezi. Bihuza ibice bitandukanye by’Umujyi wa Kigali n’izindi ntara z’u Rwanda. == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Kigali Sector|Amafoto y’Umurenge wa Kigali]] kuri Wikimedia Commons {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Nyarugenge}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Nyarugenge|Kigali]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Kigali]] 5e5d8xhs5kaoz0bc9rw7qci092ays6w 0 23859 148683 143969 2026-11-03T13:07:29Z Score Beethoven 11559 148683 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox umurenge}} '''Umurenge wa Nyamata''' ni umwe mu mirenge 15 igize [[Akarere ka Bugesera]], mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba|Ntara y'Iburasirazuba]], mu [[Rwanda]]. Ugizwe n'utugari 5. Muri uyu murenge harimo umujyi wa [[Nyamata]]. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, Umurenge wa Nyamata wari utuwe n'abaturage 81 480. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → [[Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Uturere]] → Imirenge → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Utugari == [[Dosiye:Bugesera District.png|thumb|left|Ikarita y'Akarere ka Bugesera]] Umurenge wa Nyamata ni umwe mu mirenge 15 y'Akarere ka Bugesera. Ugizwe n'[[Akagari|utugari]] 5:<ref name="rra">{{Cite web |url=https://www.rra.gov.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/lgt2.pdf |title=District, sector, cell and village names (local government taxes) |website=Rwanda Revenue Authority |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> {{div col|colwidth=15em}} * Kanazi * Kayumba * Maranyundo * Murama * Nyamata y'Umujyi {{div col end}} == Abaturage == Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2012, Umurenge wa Nyamata wari utuwe n'abaturage 34 922. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, wari utuwe n'abaturage 81 480. Abagabo bari 40 096. Abagore bari 41 384. Abaturage 65 107 batuye mu mujyi. Abaturage 16 373 batuye mu cyaro. Ubuso bw'umurenge ni kilometero kare 94,9.<ref name="citypop">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/bugesera/5710__nyamata/ |title=Nyamata (Sector, Rwanda) – Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Umurenge wa Nyamata ni wo ufite abaturage benshi mu mirenge 15 y'Akarere ka Bugesera.<ref name="citypopbug">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/57__bugesera/ |title=Bugesera (District, Rwanda) – Sectors |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> == Umujyi wa Nyamata == {{Main|Nyamata}} Umujyi wa Nyamata uri muri uyu murenge.<ref name="citypop"/> Ni umwe mu mijyi itatu yunganira [[Kigali]].<ref name="kt">{{Cite web |url=https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/umujyi-wa-nyamata-muri-itatu-yunganira-kigali-bivuze-byinshi-ku-iterambere-ry-ubukungu-mayor-mutabazi |title=Umujyi wa Nyamata muri itatu yunganira Kigali bivuze byinshi ku iterambere ry'ubukungu - Mayor Mutabazi |website=Kigali Today |author=Mediatrice Uwingabire |date=2020-09-15 |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyamata]] ruri muri uyu mujyi.<ref name="gar">{{Cite web |title=Nyamata Memorial |url=https://genocidearchiverwanda.org.rw/Nyamata_Memorial |website=Genocide Archive of Rwanda |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Nyamata Sector|Amafoto y'Umurenge wa Nyamata]] kuri Wikimedia Commons {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Bugesera}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Bugesera]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Nyamata]] fp3gnrf9jemx8y1wdhhw8cbf01209ko 0 23926 148891 148455 2026-11-04T11:46:49Z Baraka official 17008 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 148891 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition | name = Autisme | image = Autism-stacking-cans 2nd edit.jpg | alt = Umwana utondeka ibintu | caption = Gutondeka cyangwa kurondora ibintu kenshi bikunze kugaragara ku bantu bafite autisme. | field = [[Indwara zo mu mutwe]] | symptoms = Ingorane mu kubana n'abandi no mu itumanaho, imyitwarire isubirwamo | onset = Mu bwana | duration = Ubuzima bwose | causes = Ibikomoka ku babyeyi n'ibidukikije | diagnosis = Imyitwarire n'amateka y'imikurire | treatment = Ubuvuzi bw'imyitwarire n'ubwo kuvuga | frequency = Abantu miliyoni 61.8 (2021) }} '''Autisme''' (mu [[Icyongereza|Cyongereza]]: ''autism'') ni imiterere ijyanye n'imikurire y'[[ubwonko]]. Umuntu ufite autisme agira ingorane mu kubana n'abandi no mu itumanaho. Akunda kandi gusubiramo ibikorwa bimwe. Ibimenyetso bigaragara mu bwana. Ariko kenshi autisme isuzumwa itinze. Autisme iterwa n'uruvange rw'ibikomoka ku babyeyi n'ibidukikije. Inkingo ntizitera autisme. Nta muti ukiza autisme. Ariko ubuvuzi butangiye kare bufasha abana kuvugana n'abandi no kubana na bo. Mu 2021, ku isi hari abantu bagera kuri miliyoni 61.8 bafite autisme. == Ibimenyetso == Umuntu ufite autisme agira ingorane mu kubana n'abandi.<ref name="DSM5">{{Cite book |author=American Psychiatric Association |title=Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition |chapter=Autism Spectrum Disorder, 299.00 (F84.0) |year=2013 |publisher=American Psychiatric Publishing |pages=50–59 |language=en}}</ref> Agira kandi ingorane mu itumanaho.<ref name="DSM5" /> Akunda gusubiramo ibikorwa bimwe, kandi agira ibyo akunda bike.<ref name="DSM5" /> Bamwe bagira ingorane zo kuva ku gikorwa kimwe bajya ku kindi.<ref name="OMS">{{Cite web |url=https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/autism-spectrum-disorders |title=Autism |website=World Health Organization |date=2025-09-17 |access-date=2026-11-02 |language=en}}</ref> Abandi bitwara mu buryo budasanzwe ku byo bumva, babona cyangwa bakoraho.<ref name="OMS" /> Ababyeyi bakunze kubona ibimenyetso mu myaka itatu ya mbere y'ubuzima bw'umwana.<ref name="Land2008">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Landa RJ |title=Diagnosis of autism spectrum disorders in the first 3 years of life |journal=Nat Clin Pract Neurol |volume=4 |issue=3 |pages=138–147 |year=2008 |pmid=18253102 |doi=10.1038/ncpneuro0731 |language=en}}</ref> Ku bana bamwe, ibimenyetso biza buhoro buhoro.<ref name="Stef2008">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Stefanatos GA |title=Regression in autistic spectrum disorders |journal=Neuropsychol Rev |volume=18 |issue=4 |pages=305–319 |year=2008 |pmid=18956241 |doi=10.1007/s11065-008-9073-y |language=en}}</ref> Abandi bana babanza gukura neza. Nyuma bagatakaza ubumenyi bwo kuvuga no kubana n'abandi.<ref name="Stef2008" /> Kenshi autisme isuzumwa itinze.<ref name="OMS" /> Ubushobozi bw'abantu bafite autisme buratandukanye.<ref name="OMS" /> Bamwe babaho bigenga. Abandi bakenera ubufasha ubuzima bwabo bwose.<ref name="OMS" /> Abantu bafite autisme bakunze kugira n'izindi ndwara. Muri zo harimo igicuri, agahinda gakabije, impungenge zikabije na ADHD.<ref name="OMS" /> == Impamvu == Autisme ifitanye isano n'uruvange rw'ibikomoka ku babyeyi n'ibidukikije.<ref name="Ch2012">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Chaste P, Leboyer M |title=Autism risk factors: genes, environment, and gene-environment interactions |journal=Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience |volume=14 |issue=3 |pages=281–292 |year=2012 |pmid=23226953 |pmc=3513682 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="OMS" /> Ibintu bimwe byongera ibyago. Muri byo harimo imyaka myinshi y'ababyeyi na diyabete y'umubyeyi utwite.<ref name="OMS" /> Harimo kandi [[Imyuka Ihumanya Ikirere|ihumana ry'ikirere]] mu gihe cyo gutwita.<ref name="OMS" /> Kuvuka imburagihe n'ibiro bike umwana avukana na byo byongera ibyago.<ref name="OMS" /> Imiti imwe ivura igicuri, nka valproate, yongera ibyago iyo umubyeyi ayifashe atwite.<ref name="OMS" /> Ubushakashatsi bwinshi bwerekanye ko urukingo rwa MMR rudatera autisme. Uru rukingo rurinda iseru n'izindi ndwara ebyiri.<ref name="OMS" /><ref name="Taylor2014">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Taylor LE, Swerdfeger AL, Eslick GD |title=Vaccines are not associated with autism: an evidence-based meta-analysis of case-control and cohort studies |journal=Vaccine |volume=32 |issue=29 |pages=3623–3629 |year=2014 |doi=10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.04.085 |language=en}}</ref> Ubushakashatsi bwavugaga ko urwo rukingo rutera autisme bwari ubw'uburiganya. Ikinyamakuru cyabusohoye cyarabukuyeho.<ref name="OMS" /> Izindi nkingo z'abana na zo ntizitera autisme.<ref name="OMS" /> Autisme igira ingaruka ku buryo ubwonko butunganya amakuru. Uburyo ibi bibaho ntiburasobanuka neza.<ref name="Lev2009">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Levy SE, Mandell DS, Schultz RT |title=Autism |journal=Lancet |volume=374 |issue=9701 |pages=1627–1638 |year=2009 |pmid=19819542 |pmc=2863325 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(09)61376-3 |language=en}}</ref> == Isuzuma == Isuzuma rishingira ku myitwarire y'umuntu n'amateka y'imikurire ye.<ref name="DSM5" /> Mu 2013, [[igitabo]] DSM-5 cyahurije hamwe autisme, [[Indwara ya Asperger|syndrome ya Asperger]] na PDD-NOS. Ubu byose byitwa ''autism spectrum disorder'' (ASD).<ref name="DSM5" /> Ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima (OMS) rirasaba gukurikirana imikurire y'abana mu [[ubuvuzi]] busanzwe.<ref name="OMS" /> == Ubuvuzi == Nta muti ukiza autisme.<ref name="CCD2007">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Myers SM, Johnson CP |title=Management of children with autism spectrum disorders |journal=Pediatrics |volume=120 |issue=5 |pages=1162–1182 |date=2007-11-01 |pmid=17967921 |doi=10.1542/peds.2007-2362 |language=en}}</ref> Ubuvuzi bw'imyitwarire n'ubwo kuvuga bufasha abana, cyane cyane iyo butangiye kare.<ref name="CCD2007" /><ref name="San2016">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Sanchack KE, Thomas CA |title=Autism Spectrum Disorder: Primary Care Principles |journal=American Family Physician |volume=94 |issue=12 |pages=972–979 |year=2016 |pmid=28075089 |language=en}}</ref> Bubafasha kwiyitaho, kubana n'abandi no kuvugana n'abandi.<ref name="CCD2007" /> Imiti imwe ikoreshwa ku bimenyetso biherekeza autisme.<ref name="Ji2015">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Ji N, Findling RL |title=An update on pharmacotherapy for autism spectrum disorder in children and adolescents |journal=Current Opinion in Psychiatry |volume=28 |issue=2 |pages=91–101 |year=2015 |pmid=25602248 |doi=10.1097/YCO.0000000000000132 |language=en}}</ref> Ubuvuzi bugomba gufatanya n'[[uburezi]], akazi n'imibereho myiza.<ref name="OMS" /> Abantu bafite autisme bakunze guhezwa no kuvangurwa.<ref name="OMS" /> Bamwe bashaka uburyo bwo kuvura autisme. Abandi babona autisme nk'itandukaniro rigomba kwemerwa, aho kuba indwara yo gukiza.<ref name="Sil2008">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Silverman C |title=Fieldwork on another planet: social science perspectives on the autism spectrum |journal=BioSocieties |volume=3 |issue=3 |pages=325–341 |year=2008 |doi=10.1017/S1745855208006236 |language=en}}</ref> == Umubare w'abantu bafite autisme == Mu 2021, ku isi hari abantu bagera kuri miliyoni 61.8 bafite autisme. Ni ukuvuga umuntu umwe ku bantu 127.<ref name="GBD2021">{{Cite journal |author=((GBD 2021 Autism Spectrum Collaborators)) |title=The global epidemiology and health burden of the autism spectrum: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 |journal=The Lancet Psychiatry |volume=12 |issue=2 |pages=111–121 |year=2025 |doi=10.1016/S2215-0366(24)00363-8 |pmid=39709974 |language=en}}</ref> Autisme igaragara ku bahungu n'abagabo inshuro zigera kuri ebyiri kurusha ku bakobwa n'abagore.<ref name="GBD2021" /> Mu bihugu byinshi bikennye, umubare w'abantu bafite autisme ntuzwi.<ref name="OMS" /> Muri [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]], umwana umwe ku bana 31 bafite imyaka 8 yari afite autisme mu 2022.<ref name="CDC2025">{{Cite journal |last1=Shaw |first1=Kelly A. |display-authors=etal |title=Prevalence and Early Identification of Autism Spectrum Disorder Among Children Aged 4 and 8 Years — Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network, 16 Sites, United States, 2022 |journal=MMWR Surveillance Summaries |volume=74 |issue=2 |pages=1–22 |year=2025 |doi=10.15585/mmwr.ss7402a1 |url=https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/74/ss/ss7402a1.htm |language=en}}</ref> Mu 2000, yari umwana umwe ku bana 150.<ref name="CDC2025" /> Iyi mibare iratandukanye bitewe n'uburyo autisme isuzumwa.<ref name="CDC2025" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Autism|Amafoto ajyanye na autisme]] kuri Wikimedia Commons [[Ikiciro:Indwara]] [[Ikiciro:Ubuzima]] hz4ziaoyp6dz14xautiqhxkg8337r8s 0 23955 148739 2026-11-03T14:26:58Z Ndahiro derrick 8075 Ndahiro derrick moved page [[ABAHANZI]] to [[Abahanzi]] 148739 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Abahanzi]] nikdzrln1l7duqlrv7rxy89uz9dg2u5 10 23956 148752 2026-11-03T15:04:56Z Score Beethoven 11559 Created page with "{{Don't edit this line {{{machine code|}}} |rank=clade |link=Lepidosauromorpha |parent=Sauria }}" 148752 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Don't edit this line {{{machine code|}}} |rank=clade |link=Lepidosauromorpha |parent=Sauria }} ta1sfnnyinma5k1p7ma8oms1xije845 10 23957 148753 2026-11-03T15:04:57Z Score Beethoven 11559 Created page with "{{Don't edit this line {{{machine code|}}} |rank=superordo |link=Lepidosauria |parent=Lepidosauromorpha }}" 148753 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Don't edit this line {{{machine code|}}} |rank=superordo |link=Lepidosauria |parent=Lepidosauromorpha }} dprg7gpq3ncl72ixpmljc02mlfgp2be 10 23958 148754 2026-11-03T15:04:57Z Score Beethoven 11559 Created page with "{{Don't edit this line {{{machine code|}}} |rank=ordo |link=Squamata |parent=Lepidosauria }}" 148754 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Don't edit this line {{{machine code|}}} |rank=ordo |link=Squamata |parent=Lepidosauria }} qx1nkt17qtd6unjdyrp7jwfmgoxykuf 10 23959 148755 2026-11-03T15:04:58Z Score Beethoven 11559 Created page with "{{Don't edit this line {{{machine code|}}} |rank=clade |link=Toxicofera |parent=Squamata }}" 148755 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Don't edit this line {{{machine code|}}} |rank=clade |link=Toxicofera |parent=Squamata }} 36ealr6t0xv08r0bbueywf3dl9hdxuc 10 23960 148756 2026-11-03T15:04:59Z Score Beethoven 11559 Created page with "{{Don't edit this line {{{machine code|}}} |rank=clade |link=Iguanomorpha |parent=Toxicofera }}" 148756 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Don't edit this line {{{machine code|}}} |rank=clade |link=Iguanomorpha |parent=Toxicofera }} be3fm3twnsn7gqd4dzrves8w0qw9df3 10 23961 148757 2026-11-03T15:04:59Z Score Beethoven 11559 Created page with "{{Don't edit this line {{{machine code|}}} |rank=subordo |link=Iguania |parent=Iguanomorpha |always_display=true }}" 148757 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Don't edit this line {{{machine code|}}} |rank=subordo |link=Iguania |parent=Iguanomorpha |always_display=true }} 1rgjo5dxugi1k3bdeqc4yy712l9qdqq 10 23962 148758 2026-11-03T15:05:00Z Score Beethoven 11559 Created page with "{{Don't edit this line {{{machine code|}}} |rank=infraordo |link=Acrodonta |parent=Iguania }}" 148758 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Don't edit this line {{{machine code|}}} |rank=infraordo |link=Acrodonta |parent=Iguania }} 0u333rs1w1eqv762bmcnf21mwvhcvky 10 23963 148759 2026-11-03T15:05:01Z Score Beethoven 11559 Created page with "{{Don't edit this line {{{machine code|}}} |rank=familia |link=Uruvu|Chamaeleonidae |parent=Acrodonta }}" 148759 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Don't edit this line {{{machine code|}}} |rank=familia |link=Uruvu|Chamaeleonidae |parent=Acrodonta }} 7lpgfgvd5mms8xtu0yjpzkoc1hrx81r 0 23964 148813 2026-11-04T08:33:15Z Ndahiro derrick 8075 Ndahiro derrick moved page [[ABAHANZI BO MU RWANDA]] to [[Abahanzi bo mu Rwanda]] 148813 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Abahanzi bo mu Rwanda]] gyvvnv6ozomwqr1p8le679k1ia0yef9 0 23965 148815 2026-11-04T08:43:21Z Ndahiro derrick 8075 Ndahiro derrick moved page [[ABAKORANA BUSHAKE]] to [[Abakoranabushake]] 148815 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Abakoranabushake]] h3ovl5yijrmzovkxvjsny5x8runr3fl 0 23966 148818 2026-11-04T09:43:49Z Stevenndori289 10902 Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1457157|Spironolactone]] to:rw #mdwikicx 148818 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Spironolactone''', igurishwa ku izina rya '''Aldactone''' n'indi, ni umuti ukoreshwa cyane cyane mu kuvura amazi yiyongera bitewe [[Kunanirwa k'umutima|n'indwara z'umutima]], inkovu z'umwijima, cyangwa indwara z'impyiko.<ref name="AHFS2015">{{Cite web|title=Spironolactone|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/spironolactone.html|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|access-date=Oct 24, 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151116054857/http://www.drugs.com/monograph/spironolactone.html|archive-date=2015-11-16}}</ref> Ikoreshwa kandi mu kuvura umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso, potasiyumu nke mu maraso idakira iyo inyongejwe, mu gihe cy'ubugimbi mu bahungu, [[Ibiheri byo mu maso|ibiheri]] n'ikura ry'umusatsi mwinshi mu bagore, ndetse no mu rwego rwo kuvura imisemburo ikomoka ku gitsina gore ku bagore bahinduye igitsina.<ref name="AHFS2015" /><ref>{{Cite journal|first=Adam J.|last=Friedman|title=Spironolactone for Adult Female Acne|journal=Cutis|date=1 October 2015|issn=2326-6929|pages=216–217|volume=96|issue=4|pmid=27141564}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Maizes|first=Victoria|title=Integrative Women's Health|date=2015|isbn=9780190214807|page=746|edition=2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uveJCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA746|df=|access-date=14 September 2017|archive-date=14 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210514213229/https://books.google.com/books?id=uveJCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA746|url-status=live}}</ref> Spironolactone ifatwa n'umunwa.<ref name="AHFS2015" /> Spironolactone yavumbuwe mu 1957, itangira gukoreshwa mu 1959.<ref name="OttowWeinmann2008">{{Cite book|last=Eckhard Ottow|last2=Hilmar Weinmann|title=Nuclear Receptors As Drug Targets|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iATfLbPgRugC&pg=PA410|access-date=28 May 2012|date=9 July 2008|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-3-527-62330-3|page=410|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130621121614/http://books.google.com/books?id=iATfLbPgRugC&pg=PA410|archive-date=21 June 2013}}</ref><ref name="Wermuth2008">{{Cite book|last=Camille Georges Wermuth|title=The Practice of Medicinal Chemistry|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Qmt1 DQkCpEC&pg=PA34|access-date=27 May 2012|date=24 July 2008|publisher=Academic Press|isbn=978-0-12-374194-3|page=34|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130621115634/http://books.google.com/books?id=Qmt1 DQkCpEC&pg=PA34|archive-date=21 June 2013|author-link=Camille Georges Wermuth}}</ref><ref name="Sittig1988">{{Cite book|last=Marshall Sittig|title=Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XCsJgUnclbcC&pg=PA1385|access-date=27 May 2012|year=1988|publisher=William Andrew|isbn=978-0-8155-1144-1|page=1385|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130620225714/http://books.google.com/books?id=XCsJgUnclbcC&pg=PA1385|archive-date=20 June 2013}}</ref> Iri ku rutonde rw'imiti y'ingenzi y'Umuryango w'Abibumbye wita ku Buzima.<ref name="WHO21st">{{Cite book|vauthors=((World Health Organization))|title=World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019|year=2019|hdl=10665/325771|author-link=World Health Organization|publisher=World Health Organization|location=Geneva|id=WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO}}</ref> Iraboneka nk'umuti usanzwe.<ref name="AHFS2015" /> Igiciro cy’igurishwa ry’ibicuruzwa mu bihugu biri mu nzira y’amajyambere mu 2014 kiri hagati ya 0.02 na 0.12 US$ US$ ku munsi.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Spironolactone|url=http://mshpriceguide.org/en/single-drug-information/?DMFId=731&searchYear=2014|website=International Drug Price Indicator Guide|access-date=29 November 2015|archive-date=22 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180122071955/http://mshpriceguide.org/en/single-drug-information/?DMFId=731&searchYear=2014|url-status=live}}</ref> Muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika bigura hafi US$ 0.50 ku munsi.<ref name="AHFS2015" /> Ibicuruzwa by'ukwezi mu Bwongereza bigura munsi ya £10.<ref name="Hitch2019">{{Cite book|last=Hitchings|first=Andrew|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FPx0DwAAQBAJ|title=The Top 100 Drugs: Clinical Pharmacology and Practical Prescribing|last2=Lonsdale|first2=Dagan|last3=Burrage|first3=Daniel|last4=Baker|first4=Emma|date=2019|publisher=Elsevier|isbn=978-0-7020-7442-4|edition=2nd|pages=38-39|language=en|access-date=9 November 2021|archive-date=22 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210522175005/https://books.google.com/books?id=FPx0DwAAQBAJ|url-status=live}}</ref> Mu 2017, wari umuti wa 69 ukunze kwandikirwa muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, aho wanditswe n'abaganga barenga miliyoni cumi n'imwe.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Top 300 of 2020|url=https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx|website=ClinCalc|access-date=11 April 2020|archive-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200318234059/https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Spironolactone - Drug Usage Statistics|website=ClinCalc|date=23 December 2019|url=https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Drugs/Spironolactone|access-date=11 April 2020|archive-date=29 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170429132251/https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Drugs/Spironolactone|url-status=live}}</ref> == Iriburiro == <references /> 5syknz45ckao8qdnzzyre619nezdpkk 148819 148818 2026-11-04T09:44:43Z Stevenndori289 10902 Spironolactone 148819 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Spironolactone for veterinary use.jpg|thumb|Spironolactone]] '''Spironolactone''', igurishwa ku izina rya '''Aldactone''' n'indi, ni umuti ukoreshwa cyane cyane mu kuvura amazi yiyongera bitewe [[Kunanirwa k'umutima|n'indwara z'umutima]], inkovu z'umwijima, cyangwa indwara z'impyiko.<ref name="AHFS2015">{{Cite web|title=Spironolactone|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/spironolactone.html|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|access-date=Oct 24, 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151116054857/http://www.drugs.com/monograph/spironolactone.html|archive-date=2015-11-16}}</ref> Ikoreshwa kandi mu kuvura umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso, potasiyumu nke mu maraso idakira iyo inyongejwe, mu gihe cy'ubugimbi mu bahungu, [[Ibiheri byo mu maso|ibiheri]] n'ikura ry'umusatsi mwinshi mu bagore, ndetse no mu rwego rwo kuvura imisemburo ikomoka ku gitsina gore ku bagore bahinduye igitsina.<ref name="AHFS2015" /><ref>{{Cite journal|first=Adam J.|last=Friedman|title=Spironolactone for Adult Female Acne|journal=Cutis|date=1 October 2015|issn=2326-6929|pages=216–217|volume=96|issue=4|pmid=27141564}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Maizes|first=Victoria|title=Integrative Women's Health|date=2015|isbn=9780190214807|page=746|edition=2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uveJCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA746|df=|access-date=14 September 2017|archive-date=14 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210514213229/https://books.google.com/books?id=uveJCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA746|url-status=live}}</ref> Spironolactone ifatwa n'umunwa.<ref name="AHFS2015" /> Spironolactone yavumbuwe mu 1957, itangira gukoreshwa mu 1959.<ref name="OttowWeinmann2008">{{Cite book|last=Eckhard Ottow|last2=Hilmar Weinmann|title=Nuclear Receptors As Drug Targets|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iATfLbPgRugC&pg=PA410|access-date=28 May 2012|date=9 July 2008|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-3-527-62330-3|page=410|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130621121614/http://books.google.com/books?id=iATfLbPgRugC&pg=PA410|archive-date=21 June 2013}}</ref><ref name="Wermuth2008">{{Cite book|last=Camille Georges Wermuth|title=The Practice of Medicinal Chemistry|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Qmt1 DQkCpEC&pg=PA34|access-date=27 May 2012|date=24 July 2008|publisher=Academic Press|isbn=978-0-12-374194-3|page=34|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130621115634/http://books.google.com/books?id=Qmt1 DQkCpEC&pg=PA34|archive-date=21 June 2013|author-link=Camille Georges Wermuth}}</ref><ref name="Sittig1988">{{Cite book|last=Marshall Sittig|title=Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XCsJgUnclbcC&pg=PA1385|access-date=27 May 2012|year=1988|publisher=William Andrew|isbn=978-0-8155-1144-1|page=1385|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130620225714/http://books.google.com/books?id=XCsJgUnclbcC&pg=PA1385|archive-date=20 June 2013}}</ref> Iri ku rutonde rw'imiti y'ingenzi y'Umuryango w'Abibumbye wita ku Buzima.<ref name="WHO21st">{{Cite book|vauthors=((World Health Organization))|title=World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019|year=2019|hdl=10665/325771|author-link=World Health Organization|publisher=World Health Organization|location=Geneva|id=WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO}}</ref> Iraboneka nk'umuti usanzwe.<ref name="AHFS2015" /> Igiciro cy’igurishwa ry’ibicuruzwa mu bihugu biri mu nzira y’amajyambere mu 2014 kiri hagati ya 0.02 na 0.12 US$ US$ ku munsi.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Spironolactone|url=http://mshpriceguide.org/en/single-drug-information/?DMFId=731&searchYear=2014|website=International Drug Price Indicator Guide|access-date=29 November 2015|archive-date=22 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180122071955/http://mshpriceguide.org/en/single-drug-information/?DMFId=731&searchYear=2014|url-status=live}}</ref> Muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika bigura hafi US$ 0.50 ku munsi.<ref name="AHFS2015" /> Ibicuruzwa by'ukwezi mu Bwongereza bigura munsi ya £10.<ref name="Hitch2019">{{Cite book|last=Hitchings|first=Andrew|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FPx0DwAAQBAJ|title=The Top 100 Drugs: Clinical Pharmacology and Practical Prescribing|last2=Lonsdale|first2=Dagan|last3=Burrage|first3=Daniel|last4=Baker|first4=Emma|date=2019|publisher=Elsevier|isbn=978-0-7020-7442-4|edition=2nd|pages=38-39|language=en|access-date=9 November 2021|archive-date=22 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210522175005/https://books.google.com/books?id=FPx0DwAAQBAJ|url-status=live}}</ref> Mu 2017, wari umuti wa 69 ukunze kwandikirwa muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, aho wanditswe n'abaganga barenga miliyoni cumi n'imwe.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Top 300 of 2020|url=https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx|website=ClinCalc|access-date=11 April 2020|archive-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200318234059/https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Spironolactone - Drug Usage Statistics|website=ClinCalc|date=23 December 2019|url=https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Drugs/Spironolactone|access-date=11 April 2020|archive-date=29 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170429132251/https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Drugs/Spironolactone|url-status=live}}</ref> == Iriburiro == <references /> 3573thqte870rqmyaguqevj1hh7ugtf 148876 148819 2026-11-04T11:33:51Z Score Beethoven 11559 148876 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox drug | image = Spironolacton.svg | width = 200 | caption = Imiterere ya molekile ya Spironolactone | tradename = Aldactone n'indi | routes_of_administration = Mu kanwa, Ku ruhu | elimination_half-life = Spironolactone: 1,4 hrs, : 13,8 amasaha, : 15,0 hrs, Canrenone: 16,5 amasaha | CAS_number = 52-01-7 | ATC_prefix = C03 | ATC_suffix = DA01 | PubChem = 5833 | DrugBank = DB00421 | C = 24 | H = 32 | O = 4 | S = 1 }} '''Spironolactone''', igurishwa ku izina rya '''Aldactone''' n'indi, ni umuti ukoreshwa cyane cyane mu kuvura amazi yiyongera bitewe [[Kunanirwa k'umutima|n'indwara z'umutima]], inkovu z'umwijima, cyangwa indwara z'impyiko. == Ikoreshwa == [[Dosiye:Spironolactone for veterinary use.jpg|thumb|left|Spironolactone]] Spironolactone, igurishwa ku izina rya Aldactone n'indi, ni umuti ukoreshwa cyane cyane mu kuvura amazi yiyongera bitewe [[Kunanirwa k'umutima|n'indwara z'umutima]], inkovu z'umwijima, cyangwa indwara z'impyiko.<ref name="AHFS2015">{{Cite web|title=Spironolactone|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/spironolactone.html|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|access-date=Oct 24, 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151116054857/http://www.drugs.com/monograph/spironolactone.html|archive-date=2015-11-16}}</ref> Ikoreshwa kandi mu kuvura umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso, potasiyumu nke mu maraso idakira iyo inyongejwe, mu gihe cy'ubugimbi mu bahungu, [[Ibiheri byo mu maso|ibiheri]] n'ikura ry'umusatsi mwinshi mu bagore, ndetse no mu rwego rwo kuvura imisemburo ikomoka ku gitsina gore ku bagore bahinduye igitsina.<ref name="AHFS2015" /><ref>{{Cite journal|first=Adam J.|last=Friedman|title=Spironolactone for Adult Female Acne|journal=Cutis|date=1 October 2015|issn=2326-6929|pages=216–217|volume=96|issue=4|pmid=27141564}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Maizes|first=Victoria|title=Integrative Women's Health|date=2015|isbn=9780190214807|page=746|edition=2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uveJCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA746|df=|access-date=14 September 2017|archive-date=14 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210514213229/https://books.google.com/books?id=uveJCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA746|url-status=live}}</ref> Spironolactone ifatwa n'umunwa.<ref name="AHFS2015" /> == Amateka == Spironolactone yavumbuwe mu 1957, itangira gukoreshwa mu 1959.<ref name="OttowWeinmann2008">{{Cite book|last=Eckhard Ottow|last2=Hilmar Weinmann|title=Nuclear Receptors As Drug Targets|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iATfLbPgRugC&pg=PA410|access-date=28 May 2012|date=9 July 2008|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-3-527-62330-3|page=410|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130621121614/http://books.google.com/books?id=iATfLbPgRugC&pg=PA410|archive-date=21 June 2013}}</ref><ref name="Wermuth2008">{{Cite book|last=Camille Georges Wermuth|title=The Practice of Medicinal Chemistry|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Qmt1%20DQkCpEC&pg=PA34|access-date=27 May 2012|date=24 July 2008|publisher=Academic Press|isbn=978-0-12-374194-3|page=34|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130621115634/http://books.google.com/books?id=Qmt1%20DQkCpEC&pg=PA34|archive-date=21 June 2013}}</ref><ref name="Sittig1988">{{Cite book|last=Marshall Sittig|title=Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XCsJgUnclbcC&pg=PA1385|access-date=27 May 2012|year=1988|publisher=William Andrew|isbn=978-0-8155-1144-1|page=1385|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130620225714/http://books.google.com/books?id=XCsJgUnclbcC&pg=PA1385|archive-date=20 June 2013}}</ref> Iri ku rutonde rw'imiti y'ingenzi y'[[WHO|Umuryango w'Abibumbye wita ku Buzima]].<ref name="WHO21st">{{Cite book|vauthors=((World Health Organization))|title=World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019|year=2019|hdl=10665/325771|publisher=World Health Organization|location=Geneva|id=WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO}}</ref> Iraboneka nk'umuti usanzwe.<ref name="AHFS2015" /> Igiciro cy’igurishwa ry’ibicuruzwa mu bihugu biri mu nzira y’amajyambere mu 2014 kiri hagati ya 0.02 na 0.12 US$ ku munsi.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Spironolactone|url=http://mshpriceguide.org/en/single-drug-information/?DMFId=731&searchYear=2014|website=International Drug Price Indicator Guide|access-date=29 November 2015|archive-date=22 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180122071955/http://mshpriceguide.org/en/single-drug-information/?DMFId=731&searchYear=2014|url-status=live}}</ref> Muri [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika]] bigura hafi US$ 0.50 ku munsi.<ref name="AHFS2015" /> Ibicuruzwa by'ukwezi mu [[Ubwongereza|Bwongereza]] bigura munsi ya £10.<ref name="Hitch2019">{{Cite book|last=Hitchings|first=Andrew|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FPx0DwAAQBAJ|title=The Top 100 Drugs: Clinical Pharmacology and Practical Prescribing|last2=Lonsdale|first2=Dagan|last3=Burrage|first3=Daniel|last4=Baker|first4=Emma|date=2019|publisher=Elsevier|isbn=978-0-7020-7442-4|edition=2nd|pages=38-39|language=en|access-date=9 November 2021|archive-date=22 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210522175005/https://books.google.com/books?id=FPx0DwAAQBAJ|url-status=live}}</ref> Mu 2017, wari umuti wa 69 ukunze kwandikirwa muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, aho wanditswe n'abaganga barenga miliyoni cumi n'imwe.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Top 300 of 2020|url=https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx|website=ClinCalc|access-date=11 April 2020|archive-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200318234059/https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Spironolactone - Drug Usage Statistics|website=ClinCalc|date=23 December 2019|url=https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Drugs/Spironolactone|access-date=11 April 2020|archive-date=29 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170429132251/https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Drugs/Spironolactone|url-status=live}}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Spironolactone|Amafoto ajyanye na Spironolactone]] kuri Wikimedia Commons [[Ikiciro:Imiti]] [[Ikiciro:Ubuzima]] 6q8hebox9baruauktseeujwlkg54hr6 0 23967 148820 2026-11-04T09:45:32Z Stevenndori289 10902 Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1456282|Angioedema]] to:rw #mdwikicx 148820 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition |name =Angioedema |synonym =Angiooedema, Quincke's edema, angioneurotic edema |image =Angioedema2010.JPG |image size = |image thumbtime = |alt = |caption =Allergic angioedema: this child is unable to open his eyes due to the swelling. |pronounce = |field =[[Immunology|Allergy and immunology]], [[emergency medicine]] |symptoms =Area of swelling<ref name=Bern2017/> |complications = |onset =Minutes to hours<ref name=Bern2017/> |duration = |types =[[Histamine]] mediated, [[bradykinin]] mediated<ref name=Bern2017/> |causes = |risks =Family history<ref name=IAP2003/> |diagnosis =Based on symptoms<ref name=IAP2003>{{cite book|last1=Caterino|first1=Jeffrey M.|last2=Kahan|first2=Scott|title=In a Page: Emergency medicine|date=2003|publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins|isbn=9781405103572|page=133|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=O0LwFPZDKbsC&pg=PA133|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170910152025/https://books.google.ca/books?id=O0LwFPZDKbsC&pg=PA133|archive-date=2017-09-10}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221014153746/https://books.google.ca/books?id=O0LwFPZDKbsC&pg=PA133 |date=2022-10-14 }}</ref> |differential =[[Anaphylaxis]], [[abscess]], [[contact dermatitis]]<ref name=IAP2003/> |prevention = |treatment =[[Intubation]], [[cricothyroidotomy]]<ref name=Bern2017/> |medication ='''Histamine''': [[antihistamine]]s, [[corticosteroid]]s, [[epinephrine]]<ref name=Bern2017/><br>'''Bradykinin''': [[C1-inhibitor|C1 esterase inhibitor]], [[ecallantide]], [[icatibant]], [[fresh frozen plasma]]<ref name=Bern2017/> |prognosis = |frequency =~100,000 per year (US)<ref name=Bern2017/> |deaths = |named after = }} '''Angioedema''' ni ahantu habyimba uruhu n'ingingo munsi y'uruhu cyangwa mu ruhu.<ref name="Bern2017">{{Cite journal|last=Bernstein|first=JA|last2=Cremonesi|first2=P|last3=Hoffmann|first3=TK|last4=Hollingsworth|first4=J|title=Angioedema in the emergency department: a practical guide to differential diagnosis and management.|journal=International Journal of Emergency Medicine|date=December 2017|volume=10|issue=1|pages=15|pmid=28405953|doi=10.1186/s12245-017-0141-z|pmc=5389952}}</ref> Kubyimba bishobora kugaragara mu maso, ku rurimi, mu mihogo, mu nda, cyangwa mu maboko no mu maguru.<ref name="Bern2017" /> Akenshi bifitanye isano n'uduheri, tubyimba mu ruhu rwo hejuru.<ref name="Bern2017" /><ref name="Hab2009" /> Itangira ry’indwara rikunze kuba mu minota cyangwa amasaha.<ref name="Bern2017" /> Uburyo bw'ibanze bukunze kuba burimo histamine cyangwa bradykinin.<ref name="Bern2017" /> Ubwoko bujyanye na histamine buterwa [[Allergique|n'ingaruka z'ubwivumbure]] ku bintu nk'udukoko, ibiryo, cyangwa imiti.<ref name="Bern2017" /> Iyi verisiyo ijyanye na bradykinin ishobora guterwa n'ikibazo cy'umubiri uvukana kizwi nka C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency, imiti izwi nka angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, cyangwa indwara ya lymphoproliferative.<ref name="Bern2017" /> Ibikorwa byo kurinda inzira z'ubuhumekero bishobora kuba birimo gusohora icyuma gifunga imiyoboro y'amaraso cyangwa gutobora thyroidotomy.<ref name="Bern2017" /> Angioedema iterwa na histamine ishobora kuvurwa hakoreshejwe imiti igabanya ubukana bw'indwara zo mu mutwe (antihistamines), imiti ya corticosteroids, na epinephrine.<ref name="Bern2017" /> Ku bafite indwara iterwa na bradykinin, umuti ubuza C1 esterase, ecallantide, cyangwa icatibant ushobora gukoreshwa.<ref name="Bern2017" /> Plasma nshya ikonje ishobora gukoreshwa mu mwanya wayo.<ref name="Bern2017" /> Muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, iyi ndwara yibasira abantu bagera ku 100.000 buri mwaka.<ref name="Bern2017" /> == Iriburiro == <references /> bvgup7zti5v83c6a9t0oz3upheej5t7 148821 148820 2026-11-04T09:46:22Z Stevenndori289 10902 Edema ya angioneurotic 148821 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Angioedema2010.JPG|thumb|Edema ya angioneurotic]] '''Angioedema''' ni ahantu habyimba uruhu n'ingingo munsi y'uruhu cyangwa mu ruhu.<ref name="Bern2017">{{Cite journal|last=Bernstein|first=JA|last2=Cremonesi|first2=P|last3=Hoffmann|first3=TK|last4=Hollingsworth|first4=J|title=Angioedema in the emergency department: a practical guide to differential diagnosis and management.|journal=International Journal of Emergency Medicine|date=December 2017|volume=10|issue=1|pages=15|pmid=28405953|doi=10.1186/s12245-017-0141-z|pmc=5389952}}</ref> Kubyimba bishobora kugaragara mu maso, ku rurimi, mu mihogo, mu nda, cyangwa mu maboko no mu maguru.<ref name="Bern2017" /> Akenshi bifitanye isano n'uduheri, tubyimba mu ruhu rwo hejuru.<ref name="Bern2017" /><ref name="Hab2009" /> Itangira ry’indwara rikunze kuba mu minota cyangwa amasaha.<ref name="Bern2017" /> Uburyo bw'ibanze bukunze kuba burimo histamine cyangwa bradykinin.<ref name="Bern2017" /> Ubwoko bujyanye na histamine buterwa [[Allergique|n'ingaruka z'ubwivumbure]] ku bintu nk'udukoko, ibiryo, cyangwa imiti.<ref name="Bern2017" /> Iyi verisiyo ijyanye na bradykinin ishobora guterwa n'ikibazo cy'umubiri uvukana kizwi nka C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency, imiti izwi nka angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, cyangwa indwara ya lymphoproliferative.<ref name="Bern2017" /> Ibikorwa byo kurinda inzira z'ubuhumekero bishobora kuba birimo gusohora icyuma gifunga imiyoboro y'amaraso cyangwa gutobora thyroidotomy.<ref name="Bern2017" /> Angioedema iterwa na histamine ishobora kuvurwa hakoreshejwe imiti igabanya ubukana bw'indwara zo mu mutwe (antihistamines), imiti ya corticosteroids, na epinephrine.<ref name="Bern2017" /> Ku bafite indwara iterwa na bradykinin, umuti ubuza C1 esterase, ecallantide, cyangwa icatibant ushobora gukoreshwa.<ref name="Bern2017" /> Plasma nshya ikonje ishobora gukoreshwa mu mwanya wayo.<ref name="Bern2017" /> Muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, iyi ndwara yibasira abantu bagera ku 100.000 buri mwaka.<ref name="Bern2017" /> == Iriburiro == <references /> 9fzvr0r2qcxrrd9pie6mpzaupoaw8za 0 23968 148822 2026-11-04T09:47:57Z Stevenndori289 10902 Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1503343|Methoxyflurane]] to:rw #mdwikicx 148822 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Methoxyflurane''', yagurishijwe nka '''Penthrox''' n'indi, ni umuti uhumekwa ukoreshwa cyane cyane mu kugabanya ububabare nyuma y'ihungabana.<ref name="BNF76" /><ref name="Jep2018">{{Cite journal|last=Jephcott|first=C|last2=Grummet|first2=J|last3=Nguyen|first3=N|last4=Spruyt|first4=O|title=A review of the safety and efficacy of inhaled methoxyflurane as an analgesic for outpatient procedures.|journal=British Journal of Anaesthesia|date=May 2018|volume=120|issue=5|pages=1040–1048|doi=10.1016/j.bja.2018.01.011|pmid=29661381|doi-access=free}}</ref> Ishobora kandi gukoreshwa mu gihe cy'ububabare bugufi buterwa n'ubuvuzi.<ref name="NPS2010" /> Gutangira kugabanya ububabare vuba kandi mu gihe gito. Gukoresha bigirwa inama gusa iyo umuntu akurikiranwe n'abaganga.<ref name="BNF76">{{Cite book|title=British national formulary : BNF 76|date=2018|publisher=Pharmaceutical Press|isbn=9780857113382|pages=X|edition=76}}</ref> Ingaruka mbi zikunze kugaragara zirimo guhangayika, kuribwa umutwe, gusinzira, inkorora, no kugira isesemi.<ref name="BNF76" /> Ingaruka mbi zishobora kuba zirimo [[Kunanirwa kw'impyiko|ibibazo by'impyiko]], ibibazo by'umwijima, umuvuduko w'amaraso uri hasi, ndetse n'ubushyuhe bwinshi bukabije.<ref name="BNF76" /> Ntibirasobanuka neza niba ari byiza mu gihe [[Imihango y'umugore utwite|cyo gutwita]] cyangwa [[Konsa|mu gihe cyo konsa]].<ref name="BNF76" /> Ni byiza gusa ku bantu bafite urwego rusanzwe rw'ubwenge n'umuvuduko w'amaraso uhoraho n'umuvuduko w'umutima utera neza.<ref name="NPS2010" /> Ishyirwa mu cyiciro cy'imiti igabanya ububabare.<ref name="NPS2010" /> Yakozwe bwa mbere mu 1948 na William T. Miller, itangira gukoreshwa mu buvuzi mu myaka ya 1960.<ref name="Hard2017">{{Cite book|last=Hardman|first=Jonathan G.|last2=Hopkins|first2=Philip M.|last3=Struys|first3=Michel M. R. F.|title=Oxford Textbook of Anaesthesia|date=2017|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=9780199642045|page=553|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=dbQ1DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA533|language=en|access-date=2019-01-07|archive-date=2019-01-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107233229/https://books.google.ca/books?id=dbQ1DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA533|url-status=live}}</ref> Yakoreshejwe nk'umuti ugabanya ububabare kuva yatangira gukoreshwa mu 1960 kugeza mu mpera z'imyaka ya 1970.<ref name="Maz2006">{{Cite journal|last=Mazze Richard I|year=2006|title=Methoxyflurane Revisited: Tale of an Anesthetic from Cradle to Grave|url=|journal=Anesthesiology|volume=105|issue=4|pages=843–846|doi=10.1097/00000542-200610000-00031|pmid=17006084}}</ref> Mu 1999, uruganda rwahagaritse imiti ya methoxyflurane muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, maze mu 2005 Ikigo gishinzwe ibiribwa n'imiti kiyikura ku isoko.<ref name="Maz2006" /> Iracyakoreshwa muri Nouvelle-Zélande, Ositaraliya, Irilande, n'Ubwongereza mu kuvura ububabare.<ref name="BNF76" /><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Porter|first=KM|last2=Siddiqui|first2=MK|last3=Sharma|first3=I|last4=Dickerson|first4=S|last5=Eberhardt|first5=A|title=Management of trauma pain in the emergency setting: low-dose methoxyflurane or nitrous oxide? A systematic review and indirect treatment comparison.|journal=Journal of Pain Research|date=2018|volume=11|pages=11–21|doi=10.2147/JPR.S150600|pmid=29302193|pmc=5741984}}</ref> Mu Bwongereza byatwaye NHS amafaranga agera kuri £18 kuri dose imwe mu 2018.<ref name="BNF76" /> == Iriburiro == <references /> c86su0aluzclrk6eg15zlx4duwrhios 148823 148822 2026-11-04T09:48:35Z Stevenndori289 10902 Methoxyflurane 148823 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Methoxyflurane.svg|thumb|Methoxyflurane]] '''Methoxyflurane''', yagurishijwe nka '''Penthrox''' n'indi, ni umuti uhumekwa ukoreshwa cyane cyane mu kugabanya ububabare nyuma y'ihungabana.<ref name="BNF76" /><ref name="Jep2018">{{Cite journal|last=Jephcott|first=C|last2=Grummet|first2=J|last3=Nguyen|first3=N|last4=Spruyt|first4=O|title=A review of the safety and efficacy of inhaled methoxyflurane as an analgesic for outpatient procedures.|journal=British Journal of Anaesthesia|date=May 2018|volume=120|issue=5|pages=1040–1048|doi=10.1016/j.bja.2018.01.011|pmid=29661381|doi-access=free}}</ref> Ishobora kandi gukoreshwa mu gihe cy'ububabare bugufi buterwa n'ubuvuzi.<ref name="NPS2010" /> Gutangira kugabanya ububabare vuba kandi mu gihe gito. Gukoresha bigirwa inama gusa iyo umuntu akurikiranwe n'abaganga.<ref name="BNF76">{{Cite book|title=British national formulary : BNF 76|date=2018|publisher=Pharmaceutical Press|isbn=9780857113382|pages=X|edition=76}}</ref> Ingaruka mbi zikunze kugaragara zirimo guhangayika, kuribwa umutwe, gusinzira, inkorora, no kugira isesemi.<ref name="BNF76" /> Ingaruka mbi zishobora kuba zirimo [[Kunanirwa kw'impyiko|ibibazo by'impyiko]], ibibazo by'umwijima, umuvuduko w'amaraso uri hasi, ndetse n'ubushyuhe bwinshi bukabije.<ref name="BNF76" /> Ntibirasobanuka neza niba ari byiza mu gihe [[Imihango y'umugore utwite|cyo gutwita]] cyangwa [[Konsa|mu gihe cyo konsa]].<ref name="BNF76" /> Ni byiza gusa ku bantu bafite urwego rusanzwe rw'ubwenge n'umuvuduko w'amaraso uhoraho n'umuvuduko w'umutima utera neza.<ref name="NPS2010" /> Ishyirwa mu cyiciro cy'imiti igabanya ububabare.<ref name="NPS2010" /> Yakozwe bwa mbere mu 1948 na William T. Miller, itangira gukoreshwa mu buvuzi mu myaka ya 1960.<ref name="Hard2017">{{Cite book|last=Hardman|first=Jonathan G.|last2=Hopkins|first2=Philip M.|last3=Struys|first3=Michel M. R. F.|title=Oxford Textbook of Anaesthesia|date=2017|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=9780199642045|page=553|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=dbQ1DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA533|language=en|access-date=2019-01-07|archive-date=2019-01-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107233229/https://books.google.ca/books?id=dbQ1DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA533|url-status=live}}</ref> Yakoreshejwe nk'umuti ugabanya ububabare kuva yatangira gukoreshwa mu 1960 kugeza mu mpera z'imyaka ya 1970.<ref name="Maz2006">{{Cite journal|last=Mazze Richard I|year=2006|title=Methoxyflurane Revisited: Tale of an Anesthetic from Cradle to Grave|url=|journal=Anesthesiology|volume=105|issue=4|pages=843–846|doi=10.1097/00000542-200610000-00031|pmid=17006084}}</ref> Mu 1999, uruganda rwahagaritse imiti ya methoxyflurane muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, maze mu 2005 Ikigo gishinzwe ibiribwa n'imiti kiyikura ku isoko.<ref name="Maz2006" /> Iracyakoreshwa muri Nouvelle-Zélande, Ositaraliya, Irilande, n'Ubwongereza mu kuvura ububabare.<ref name="BNF76" /><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Porter|first=KM|last2=Siddiqui|first2=MK|last3=Sharma|first3=I|last4=Dickerson|first4=S|last5=Eberhardt|first5=A|title=Management of trauma pain in the emergency setting: low-dose methoxyflurane or nitrous oxide? A systematic review and indirect treatment comparison.|journal=Journal of Pain Research|date=2018|volume=11|pages=11–21|doi=10.2147/JPR.S150600|pmid=29302193|pmc=5741984}}</ref> Mu Bwongereza byatwaye NHS amafaranga agera kuri £18 kuri dose imwe mu 2018.<ref name="BNF76" /> == Iriburiro == <references /> jiyq8n0wlkcs1j587pgnyelyy4oagpt 148875 148823 2026-11-04T11:33:48Z Score Beethoven 11559 148875 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox drug | image = Methoxyflurane.svg | width = 200 | caption = Imiterere ya molekile ya Methoxyflurane | tradename = Penthrox n'indi | routes_of_administration = Guhumeka | CAS_number = 76-38-0 | ATC_prefix = N02 | ATC_suffix = BG09 | PubChem = 4116 | DrugBank = DB01028 | C = 3 | H = 4 | Cl = 2 | O = 1 | F = 2 }} '''Methoxyflurane''', yagurishijwe nka '''Penthrox''' n'indi, ni umuti uhumekwa ukoreshwa cyane cyane mu kugabanya ububabare nyuma y'ihungabana. == Ikoreshwa == Methoxyflurane, yagurishijwe nka Penthrox n'indi, ni umuti uhumekwa ukoreshwa cyane cyane mu kugabanya ububabare nyuma y'ihungabana.<ref name="BNF76" /><ref name="Jep2018">{{Cite journal|last=Jephcott|first=C|last2=Grummet|first2=J|last3=Nguyen|first3=N|last4=Spruyt|first4=O|title=A review of the safety and efficacy of inhaled methoxyflurane as an analgesic for outpatient procedures.|journal=British Journal of Anaesthesia|date=May 2018|volume=120|issue=5|pages=1040–1048|doi=10.1016/j.bja.2018.01.011|pmid=29661381|doi-access=free}}</ref> Ishobora kandi gukoreshwa mu gihe cy'ububabare bugufi buterwa n'ubuvuzi.<ref name=NPS2010>{{cite web|author=National Prescribing Service|title=Methoxyflurane (Penthrox) for analgesia (doctor's bag listing)|work=NPS RADAR|publisher=National Prescribing Service, Department of Health and Ageing|location=Canberra, Australia|year=2010|url=http://www.nps.org.au/health_professionals/publications/nps_radar/2010/may_2010/methoxyflurane|access-date=12 June 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727181737/http://www.nps.org.au/health_professionals/publications/nps_radar/2010/may_2010/methoxyflurane|archive-date=27 July 2011}}</ref> Gutangira kugabanya ububabare vuba kandi mu gihe gito. Gukoresha bigirwa inama gusa iyo umuntu akurikiranwe n'abaganga.<ref name="BNF76">{{Cite book|title=British national formulary : BNF 76|date=2018|publisher=Pharmaceutical Press|isbn=9780857113382|pages=X|edition=76}}</ref> == Ingaruka mbi == Ingaruka mbi zikunze kugaragara zirimo guhangayika, kuribwa umutwe, gusinzira, inkorora, no kugira isesemi.<ref name="BNF76" /> Ingaruka mbi zishobora kuba zirimo [[Kunanirwa kw'impyiko|ibibazo by'impyiko]], ibibazo by'umwijima, umuvuduko w'amaraso uri hasi, ndetse n'ubushyuhe bwinshi bukabije.<ref name="BNF76" /> Ntibirasobanuka neza niba ari byiza mu gihe [[Imihango y'umugore utwite|cyo gutwita]] cyangwa [[Konsa|mu gihe cyo konsa]].<ref name="BNF76" /> Ni byiza gusa ku bantu bafite urwego rusanzwe rw'ubwenge n'umuvuduko w'amaraso uhoraho n'umuvuduko w'umutima utera neza.<ref name="NPS2010" /> Ishyirwa mu cyiciro cy'imiti igabanya ububabare.<ref name="NPS2010" /> == Amateka == Yakozwe bwa mbere mu 1948 na William T. Miller, itangira gukoreshwa mu buvuzi mu myaka ya 1960.<ref name="Hard2017">{{Cite book|last=Hardman|first=Jonathan G.|last2=Hopkins|first2=Philip M.|last3=Struys|first3=Michel M. R. F.|title=Oxford Textbook of Anaesthesia|date=2017|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=9780199642045|page=553|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=dbQ1DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA533|language=en|access-date=2019-01-07|archive-date=2019-01-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107233229/https://books.google.ca/books?id=dbQ1DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA533|url-status=live}}</ref> Yakoreshejwe nk'umuti ugabanya ububabare kuva yatangira gukoreshwa mu 1960 kugeza mu mpera z'imyaka ya 1970.<ref name="Maz2006">{{Cite journal|last=Mazze Richard I|year=2006|title=Methoxyflurane Revisited: Tale of an Anesthetic from Cradle to Grave|url=|journal=Anesthesiology|volume=105|issue=4|pages=843–846|doi=10.1097/00000542-200610000-00031|pmid=17006084}}</ref> Mu 1999, uruganda rwahagaritse imiti ya methoxyflurane muri [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika]], maze mu 2005 Ikigo gishinzwe ibiribwa n'imiti kiyikura ku isoko.<ref name="Maz2006" /> Iracyakoreshwa muri Nouvelle-Zélande, Ositaraliya, Irilande, n'Ubwongereza mu kuvura ububabare.<ref name="BNF76" /><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Porter|first=KM|last2=Siddiqui|first2=MK|last3=Sharma|first3=I|last4=Dickerson|first4=S|last5=Eberhardt|first5=A|title=Management of trauma pain in the emergency setting: low-dose methoxyflurane or nitrous oxide? A systematic review and indirect treatment comparison.|journal=Journal of Pain Research|date=2018|volume=11|pages=11–21|doi=10.2147/JPR.S150600|pmid=29302193|pmc=5741984}}</ref> Mu [[Ubwongereza|Bwongereza]] byatwaye NHS amafaranga agera kuri £18 kuri dose imwe mu 2018.<ref name="BNF76" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Methoxyflurane|Amafoto ajyanye na Methoxyflurane]] kuri Wikimedia Commons [[Ikiciro:Imiti]] [[Ikiciro:Ubuzima]] 9qqna5w1ow8v4tsbi5y6xibo504s7ha 0 23969 148824 2026-11-04T09:49:39Z Stevenndori289 10902 Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1504236|Pericarditis]] to:rw #mdwikicx 148824 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition |name =Pericarditis |synonym = |image =Pericarditis10.JPG |image size = |image thumbtime = |alt = |caption =An ECG showing pericarditis. Note the [[ST elevation]] in multiple leads with slight reciprocal [[ST depression]] in aVR. |pronounce = |field =[[Cardiology]] |symptoms =Sharp [[chest pain]], better sitting up and worse with lying down, [[fever]]<ref name=NIH2012Sym/> |complications =[[Cardiac tamponade]], [[myocarditis]], [[constrictive pericarditis]]<ref name=NIH2012Sym/><ref name=HEART2015/> |onset =Typically sudden<ref name=NIH2012Sym/> |duration =Few days to weeks<ref name=NIH2012Prog/> |types = |causes =[[Viral disease|Viral infection]], [[tuberculosis]], [[uremic pericarditis]], following a [[myocardial infarction|heart attack]], [[cancer]], [[autoimmune disorder]]s, [[chest trauma]]<ref name=AFP2007/><ref name=NIH2012Ca/> |risks = |diagnosis =Based on symptoms, [[electrocardiogram]], [[pericardial effusion|fluid around the heart]]<ref name=Im2015/> |differential =[[myocardial infarction|Heart attack]], [[pleurisy]], [[costochondritis]], [[pneumonia]]<ref name=NIH2012Sym/><ref name=Stat2021>{{cite journal |last1=Dababneh |first1=E |last2=Siddique |first2=MS |title=Pericarditis |date=January 2021 |pmid=28613734|journal=StatPearls}}</ref> |prevention = |treatment =[[Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug|NSAIDs]], [[colchicine]], [[corticosteroid]]s<ref name=Im2015/> |medication = |prognosis =Usually good<ref name=Im2015/><ref>{{cite book |last1=Cunha |first1=Burke A. |title=Antibiotic Essentials |date=2010 |publisher=Jones & Bartlett Publishers |isbn=9781449618704 |page=71 |url=https://books.google.co.jp/books?id=RU7p9EwQ S0C&pg=PA71 |language=en |access-date=2019-05-21 |archive-date=2020-08-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806035537/https://books.google.co.jp/books?id=RU7p9EwQ S0C&pg=PA71 |url-status=live }}</ref> |frequency =3 per 10,000 per year<ref name=HEART2015/> |deaths = |width =350px |video1 = |named after = }} '''Pericardite''' ni ukubyimba kwa pericardium (agasaho k'imitsi gakikije [[umutima]] ). Ibimenyetso bikunze kuba birimo kubabara mu gatuza bitunguranye.<ref name="NIH2012Sym" /> Ububabare bushobora no kumvikana mu bitugu, mu ijosi, cyangwa mu mugongo.<ref name="NIH2012Sym" /> Ubusanzwe ni byiza kwicara kandi ni bibi kurushaho iyo uryamye cyangwa uhumeka cyane.<ref name="NIH2012Sym" /> Ibindi bimenyetso bishobora kuba birimo umuriro, gucika intege, gucika intege mu mutima no kubura umwuka.<ref name="NIH2012Sym" /> Rimwe na rimwe ibimenyetso biratangira buhoro buhoro.<ref name="NIH2012What" /> Ingorane zishobora kuba zirimo tamponade y'umutima, myocarditis, na pericarditis yo mu mutima.<ref name="HEART2015">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Imazio M, Gaita F|title=Diagnosis and treatment of pericarditis|journal=Heart|volume=101|issue=14|pages=1159–68|date=July 2015|pmid=25855795|doi=10.1136/heartjnl-2014-306362}}</ref> Impamvu ya pericarditis ikunze guterwa n'ubwandu bwa virusi.<ref name="AFP2007">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Tingle LE, Molina D, Calvert CW|title=Acute pericarditis|journal=American Family Physician|volume=76|issue=10|pages=1509–14|date=November 2007|pmid=18052017}}</ref> Izindi mpamvu zirimo indwara zandurira mu mikorobe nka [[Igitunu|igituntu]], indwara ya uremic pericarditis, nyuma yo [[Indwara y'umutima|kurwara indwara y'umutima]], [[Indwara Ya Kanseri|kanseri]], [[Indwara y'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri|indwara ziterwa n'ubwiyongere bw'umubiri]], ndetse n'indwara zo mu gatuza.<ref name="AFP2007" /> Impamvu akenshi ntizwi.<ref name="AFP2007" /> Gusuzuma indwara bishingiye ku bubabare bwo mu gituza, gukanda umutima, impinduka za electrocardiogram (ECG) ku mutima, n'amazi akikije umutima.<ref name="Im2015">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Imazio M, Gaita F, LeWinter M|title=Evaluation and Treatment of Pericarditis: A Systematic Review|journal=Jama|volume=314|issue=14|pages=1498–506|date=October 2015|pmid=26461998|doi=10.1001/jama.2015.12763}}</ref> Izindi ndwara zishobora kuzana ibimenyetso nk'ibyo zirimo [[indwara y'umutima]] . Akenshi ubuvuzi butangwa hakoreshejwe [[Umuti utari umuti urwanya ububyimbirwe|imiti igabanya ubukana bwa NSAID]] ndetse na [[colchicine]].<ref name="Im2015" /> Imiti ya steroid ishobora gukoreshwa niba idakwiye.<ref name="Im2015" /> Ubusanzwe ibimenyetso biragenda neza mu minsi mike cyangwa ibyumweru bike ariko rimwe na rimwe bishobora kumara amezi menshi. Ni impamvu idakunze kugaragara yo kubabara mu gatuza.<ref>{{Cite journal|vauthors=McConaghy JR, Oza RS|title=Outpatient diagnosis of acute chest pain in adults|journal=American Family Physician|volume=87|issue=3|pages=177–82|date=February 2013|pmid=23418761}}</ref> Abantu bagera kuri 3 ku bantu 10.000 ni bo bibasirwa buri mwaka.<ref name="HEART2015" /> Abakunze kwibasirwa n’iyi ndwara ni abagabo bari hagati y’imyaka 20 na 50.<ref name="NIH2012Who" /> Abagera kuri 30% by'abahuye n'iki kibazo bafite ibihe birenga kimwe. == Iriburiro == <references /> r8kyozshgh6i03rtqykur9n785maqwt 148825 148824 2026-11-04T09:50:38Z Stevenndori289 10902 Pericardite 148825 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Cardiovascular system - Pericarditis -- Smart-Servier.png|thumb|Pericardite]] '''Pericardite''' ni ukubyimba kwa pericardium (agasaho k'imitsi gakikije [[umutima]] ). Ibimenyetso bikunze kuba birimo kubabara mu gatuza bitunguranye.<ref name="NIH2012Sym" /> Ububabare bushobora no kumvikana mu bitugu, mu ijosi, cyangwa mu mugongo.<ref name="NIH2012Sym" /> Ubusanzwe ni byiza kwicara kandi ni bibi kurushaho iyo uryamye cyangwa uhumeka cyane.<ref name="NIH2012Sym" /> Ibindi bimenyetso bishobora kuba birimo umuriro, gucika intege, gucika intege mu mutima no kubura umwuka.<ref name="NIH2012Sym" /> Rimwe na rimwe ibimenyetso biratangira buhoro buhoro.<ref name="NIH2012What" /> Ingorane zishobora kuba zirimo tamponade y'umutima, myocarditis, na pericarditis yo mu mutima.<ref name="HEART2015">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Imazio M, Gaita F|title=Diagnosis and treatment of pericarditis|journal=Heart|volume=101|issue=14|pages=1159–68|date=July 2015|pmid=25855795|doi=10.1136/heartjnl-2014-306362}}</ref> Impamvu ya pericarditis ikunze guterwa n'ubwandu bwa virusi.<ref name="AFP2007">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Tingle LE, Molina D, Calvert CW|title=Acute pericarditis|journal=American Family Physician|volume=76|issue=10|pages=1509–14|date=November 2007|pmid=18052017}}</ref> Izindi mpamvu zirimo indwara zandurira mu mikorobe nka [[Igitunu|igituntu]], indwara ya uremic pericarditis, nyuma yo [[Indwara y'umutima|kurwara indwara y'umutima]], [[Indwara Ya Kanseri|kanseri]], [[Indwara y'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri|indwara ziterwa n'ubwiyongere bw'umubiri]], ndetse n'indwara zo mu gatuza.<ref name="AFP2007" /> Impamvu akenshi ntizwi.<ref name="AFP2007" /> Gusuzuma indwara bishingiye ku bubabare bwo mu gituza, gukanda umutima, impinduka za electrocardiogram (ECG) ku mutima, n'amazi akikije umutima.<ref name="Im2015">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Imazio M, Gaita F, LeWinter M|title=Evaluation and Treatment of Pericarditis: A Systematic Review|journal=Jama|volume=314|issue=14|pages=1498–506|date=October 2015|pmid=26461998|doi=10.1001/jama.2015.12763}}</ref> Izindi ndwara zishobora kuzana ibimenyetso nk'ibyo zirimo [[indwara y'umutima]] . Akenshi ubuvuzi butangwa hakoreshejwe [[Umuti utari umuti urwanya ububyimbirwe|imiti igabanya ubukana bwa NSAID]] ndetse na [[colchicine]].<ref name="Im2015" /> Imiti ya steroid ishobora gukoreshwa niba idakwiye.<ref name="Im2015" /> Ubusanzwe ibimenyetso biragenda neza mu minsi mike cyangwa ibyumweru bike ariko rimwe na rimwe bishobora kumara amezi menshi. Ni impamvu idakunze kugaragara yo kubabara mu gatuza.<ref>{{Cite journal|vauthors=McConaghy JR, Oza RS|title=Outpatient diagnosis of acute chest pain in adults|journal=American Family Physician|volume=87|issue=3|pages=177–82|date=February 2013|pmid=23418761}}</ref> Abantu bagera kuri 3 ku bantu 10.000 ni bo bibasirwa buri mwaka.<ref name="HEART2015" /> Abakunze kwibasirwa n’iyi ndwara ni abagabo bari hagati y’imyaka 20 na 50.<ref name="NIH2012Who" /> Abagera kuri 30% by'abahuye n'iki kibazo bafite ibihe birenga kimwe. == Iriburiro == <references /> lb87ko419szi1akqo2zg1p9jqyijivk 0 23970 148826 2026-11-04T09:51:31Z Stevenndori289 10902 Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1513329|Psoriatic arthritis]] to:rw #mdwikicx 148826 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition |name =Psoriatic arthritis |synonym =Arthritis psoriatica, arthropathic psoriasis, psoriatic arthropathy |image =Psoriatic arthritis2010.JPG |image size = |image thumbtime = |alt = |caption =Severe psoriatic arthritis of both feet and ankles. Note the changes to the nails. |pronounce = |field =[[Rheumatology]] |symptoms =[[dactylitis|Swelling of entire fingers and toes]], nail changes, skin changes<ref name=Rit2017/> |complications = |onset = |duration =Long term<ref name=Stat2020/> |types =Oligoarticular, polyarticular, distal, arthritis mutilans, axial<ref name=Rit2017/> |causes =[[Genetic]] and environmental factors<ref name=Stat2020/> |risks = |diagnosis =Based on symptoms<ref name=Rit2017/> |differential =[[Rheumatoid arthritis]], [[reactive arthritis]], [[ankylosing spondylitis]]<ref name=Stat2020/> |prevention = |treatment = |medication =[[Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug|NSAIDs]], [[methotrexate]], [[TNF inhibitors]]<ref name=Stat2020/> |prognosis = |frequency =0.3% to 1%<ref name=Rit2017/> |deaths = |named after = }} '''Indwara ya rubagimpande y'amagufwa''' ni indwara y'ububyimbirwe bw'amagufwa ifata abantu barwaye [[umukoresha:Doc James/Psoriasis|psoriasis]].<ref name="Stat2020">{{Cite journal|last=Tiwari|first=V|last2=Brent|first2=LH|title=Psoriatic Arthritis|date=January 2020|pmid=31613490|journal=StatPearls}}</ref> Imiterere itandukanye y'ingingo ishobora kuba irimo.<ref name="Stat2020" /> Ibimenyetso bikunze kuba birimo kubyimba intoki zose n'amano bigatuma umuntu asa n'aho asa n'isosiso. Hashobora kubaho impinduka ku nzara nko gupfundikanya utuntu duto (imigozi), gukomera, cyangwa kwitandukanya n'imisumari.<ref name="Rit2017" /> Impinduka z'uruhu za psoriasis ( ibice bitukura, ibicurane, n'ibishishwa ) bibaho kuri 85% mbere yuko rubagimpande rutangira.<ref name="Rit2017" /> Impamvu ifitanye isano n'uruvange rw'ibintu bigize imiterere y'umubiri n'ibidukikije.<ref name="Stat2020" /> Kimwe cya gatatu kugeza kuri kimwe cya kabiri bafite mwene wabo urwaye psoriasis.<ref name="Stat2020" /> Hagati ya 25% na 50% bafite ubwoko bwa HLA-B27 . Bifitanye isano kandi n'umubyibuho ukabije n'umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso.<ref name="Rit2017" /> Ishyirwa mu cyiciro cy'ubwoko bwa spondyloarthropathy.<ref name="Stat2020" /> Gusuzuma indwara bishingiye ku bimenyetso.<ref name="Rit2017" /> Kuvura indwara yoroheje bishobora gukorwa hakoreshejwe [[Umuti utari umuti urwanya ububyimbirwe|imiti igabanya ubukana bwa NSAIDs]] mu gihe indwara ikomeye ishobora kuvurwa hakoreshejwe imiti igabanya ubukana [[Methotrexate|bwa methotrexate]] cyangwa TNF.<ref name="Stat2020" /> Izindi ngamba zishobora kuba zirimo physiotherapy.<ref name="Stat2020" /> Ubumuga bukabije bushobora gutera.<ref name="Stat2020" /> Indwara ya rubagimpande y'imitsi yibasira abantu bari hagati ya 0.3% na 1% (kugeza kuri 30% by'abafite psoriasis).<ref name="Rit2017" /> Ibi birimo abana n'abakuru. Abagabo n'abagore bakunze kwibasirwa n'iyi ndwara.<ref name="Rit2017" /> Ntabwo bikunze kugaragara cyane ku bantu bafite inkomoko muri Aziya cyangwa muri Afurika.<ref name="Rit2017" /> Byasobanuwe neza bwa mbere mu 1973.<ref name="Rit2017" /> == Iriburiro == <references /> 0w8bi1m0d1njdinvxu8me8b7sb00rvz 148827 148826 2026-11-04T09:52:20Z Stevenndori289 10902 Indwara ya psoriatic arthritis 148827 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Psoriatic arthritis2010.JPG|thumb|Indwara ya psoriatic arthritis]] '''Indwara ya rubagimpande y'amagufwa''' ni indwara y'ububyimbirwe bw'amagufwa ifata abantu barwaye [[umukoresha:Doc James/Psoriasis|psoriasis]].<ref name="Stat2020">{{Cite journal|last=Tiwari|first=V|last2=Brent|first2=LH|title=Psoriatic Arthritis|date=January 2020|pmid=31613490|journal=StatPearls}}</ref> Imiterere itandukanye y'ingingo ishobora kuba irimo.<ref name="Stat2020" /> Ibimenyetso bikunze kuba birimo kubyimba intoki zose n'amano bigatuma umuntu asa n'aho asa n'isosiso. Hashobora kubaho impinduka ku nzara nko gupfundikanya utuntu duto (imigozi), gukomera, cyangwa kwitandukanya n'imisumari.<ref name="Rit2017" /> Impinduka z'uruhu za psoriasis ( ibice bitukura, ibicurane, n'ibishishwa ) bibaho kuri 85% mbere yuko rubagimpande rutangira.<ref name="Rit2017" /> Impamvu ifitanye isano n'uruvange rw'ibintu bigize imiterere y'umubiri n'ibidukikije.<ref name="Stat2020" /> Kimwe cya gatatu kugeza kuri kimwe cya kabiri bafite mwene wabo urwaye psoriasis.<ref name="Stat2020" /> Hagati ya 25% na 50% bafite ubwoko bwa HLA-B27 . Bifitanye isano kandi n'umubyibuho ukabije n'umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso.<ref name="Rit2017" /> Ishyirwa mu cyiciro cy'ubwoko bwa spondyloarthropathy.<ref name="Stat2020" /> Gusuzuma indwara bishingiye ku bimenyetso.<ref name="Rit2017" /> Kuvura indwara yoroheje bishobora gukorwa hakoreshejwe [[Umuti utari umuti urwanya ububyimbirwe|imiti igabanya ubukana bwa NSAIDs]] mu gihe indwara ikomeye ishobora kuvurwa hakoreshejwe imiti igabanya ubukana [[Methotrexate|bwa methotrexate]] cyangwa TNF.<ref name="Stat2020" /> Izindi ngamba zishobora kuba zirimo physiotherapy.<ref name="Stat2020" /> Ubumuga bukabije bushobora gutera.<ref name="Stat2020" /> Indwara ya rubagimpande y'imitsi yibasira abantu bari hagati ya 0.3% na 1% (kugeza kuri 30% by'abafite psoriasis).<ref name="Rit2017" /> Ibi birimo abana n'abakuru. Abagabo n'abagore bakunze kwibasirwa n'iyi ndwara.<ref name="Rit2017" /> Ntabwo bikunze kugaragara cyane ku bantu bafite inkomoko muri Aziya cyangwa muri Afurika.<ref name="Rit2017" /> Byasobanuwe neza bwa mbere mu 1973.<ref name="Rit2017" /> == Iriburiro == <references /> nmdtwch49r2b20vit1q8aiwftzgzu3s 0 23971 148828 2026-11-04T09:56:38Z Stevenndori289 10902 Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1502068|Folate]] to:rw #mdwikicx 148828 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Folate''', izwi kandi ku izina rya '''vitamine _B9''' na '''folacin''',<ref name="lpi">{{Cite web|title=Folate|url=http://lpi.oregonstate.edu/mic/vitamins/folate|publisher=Micronutrient Information Center, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University|access-date=17 March 2018|date=2014|quote=Folate is a water-soluble B-vitamin, which is also known as vitamin B9 or folacin.|archive-date=19 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210819075234/https://lpi.oregonstate.edu/mic/vitamins/folate|url-status=live}}</ref> ni imwe muri vitamine B.<ref name="AHFS2016">{{Cite web|title=Folic Acid|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/folic-acid.html|website=Drugs.com|publisher=American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|access-date=1 September 2016|date=1 January 2010|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170808233930/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/folic-acid.html|archive-date=8 August 2017}}</ref> '''Aside folike''' yakozwe, umubiri uhindura folate, ikoreshwa nk'inyongera mu mirire no mu kongera ibiryo kuko iba ihamye mu gihe cyo kuyitunganya no kuyibika.<ref name="Choi2014">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Choi JH, Yates Z, Veysey M, Heo YR, Lucock M|title=Contemporary issues surrounding folic Acid fortification initiatives|journal=Prev Nutr Food Sci|volume=19|issue=4|pages=247–60|date=December 2014|pmid=25580388|pmc=4287316|doi=10.3746/pnf.2014.19.4.247}}</ref> Folate irakenewe kugira ngo umubiri ukore ADN na RNA kandi ukoreshe aside amine zikenewe kugira ngo uturemangingo twigabanye.<ref name="NIH2016" /><ref name="PresentKnowledge">{{Cite book|vauthors=Bailey LB, Caudill MA|title=Present Knowledge in Nutrition, Tenth Edition|chapter=Folate|veditors=Eardman JW Jr, MacDonald IA, Zeisel SH|publisher=ILSI Press/Wiley-Blackwell|year=2012|location=Ames, IA|pages=321–342|isbn=978-0-470-95917-6}}</ref> Kubera ko abantu badashobora gukora folate, irakenewe mu mirire, bigatuma iba intungamubiri y'ingenzi.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fedRNr2-UVAC&pg=PA551|title=Alcamo's Fundamentals of Microbiology: Body Systems|date=2009|publisher=Jones & Bartlett Publishers|isbn=9780763787127|pages=511|last=Pommerville|first=Jeffrey C.|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908213409/https://books.google.com/books?id=fedRNr2-UVAC&pg=PA551|archive-date=8 September 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Biboneka mu buryo busanzwe mu biribwa byinshi.<ref name="lpi" /><ref name="NIH2016" /> Muri Amerika, umuntu mukuru asabwa kurya folate buri munsi ni mikorogarama 400 zivuye mu biribwa cyangwa inyongeramusaruro.<ref name="NIH2016"><{{Cite web |publisher =[[National Institutes of Health]] |title =Fact Sheet for Health Professionals – Folate |url =http://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/folate/ |url-status =live |archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20110402200837/http://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Folate/ |archive-date =2 April 2011 }}</ref> Folate mu buryo bwa aside folike ikoreshwa mu kuvura [[Anemie|indwara yo kubura amaraso]] iterwa no kubura folike.<ref name="AHFS2016" /> Aside folike ikoreshwa kandi nk'inyongera ku bagore mu gihe [[Imihango y'umugore utwite|batwite]] kugira ngo bagabanye ibyago byo kurwara indwara z'imitsi y'ubwonko (NTDs) ku mwana.<ref name="AHFS2016" /><ref>{{Cite journal|vauthors=Bibbins-Domingo K, Grossman DC, Curry SJ, Davidson KW, Epling JW, García FA, Kemper AR, Krist AH, Kurth AE, Landefeld CS, Mangione CM, Phillips WR, Phipps MG, Pignone MP, Silverstein M, Tseng CW|s2cid=205077749|display-authors=6|title=Folic Acid Supplementation for the Prevention of Neural Tube Defects: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement|journal=JAMA|volume=317|issue=2|pages=183–189|date=January 2017|pmid=28097362|doi=10.1001/jama.2016.19438}}</ref> Bikekwa ko urugero ruto mu gihe cyo [[Imihango y'umugore utwite|gutwita]] ari rwo rutera abana barenga kimwe cya kabiri bavukana indwara zo mu mutwe ziterwa n’indwara zidakira.<ref name="NIH2016" /> Ibihugu birenga 80 bikoresha inyunganizi ku biribwa bimwe na bimwe birimo aside folike, byaba ari itegeko cyangwa ku bushake, nk'igipimo cyo kugabanya igipimo cy'indwara ziterwa n'indwara zidakira.<ref name="Wald2018">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Wald NJ, Morris JK, Blakemore C|title=Public health failure in the prevention of neural tube defects: time to abandon the tolerable upper intake level of folate|journal=Public Health Reviews|volume=39|issue=|pages=2|date=2018|pmid=29450103|pmc=5809909|doi=10.1186/s40985-018-0079-6}}</ref> Kongeramo aside folike nyinshi mu gihe kirekire bifitanye isano no kugabanya gato ibyago byo kurwara indwara yo mu bwonko <ref name="Li2016">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Li Y, Huang T, Zheng Y, Muka T, Troup J, Hu FB|title=Folic Acid Supplementation and the Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials|journal=Journal of the American Heart Association|volume=5|issue=8|pages=e003768|date=August 2016|pmid=27528407|pmc=5015297|doi=10.1161/JAHA.116.003768|url=https://dash.harvard.edu/bitstream/handle/1/29407892/5015297.pdf?sequence=1|access-date=8 August 2020|archive-date=27 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210427034202/https://dash.harvard.edu/bitstream/handle/1/29407892/5015297.pdf?sequence=1|url-status=live}}</ref> no kwiyongera k'ibyago byo kurwara kanseri ya prostate.<ref name="Wien2012">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Wien TN, Pike E, Wisløff T, Staff A, Smeland S, Klemp M|title=Cancer risk with folic acid supplements: a systematic review and meta-analysis|journal=BMJ Open|volume=2|issue=1|pages=e000653|date=January 2012|pmid=22240654|pmc=3278486|doi=10.1136/bmjopen-2011-000653}}</ref> Hari impungenge ko ingano nini ya aside folike ishobora guhisha ibura rya Vitamine <nowiki><sub id="mweQ">B12</sub></nowiki>.<ref name="NIH2016" /> Kutarya folate ihagije bishobora gutera kubura folate.<ref name="NIH2016" /> Ibi bishobora gutera ubwoko bwa anemia aho uturemangingo dutukura tw’amaraso tuba tunini cyane.<ref name="NIH2016" /> Ibimenyetso bishobora kuba birimo kumva unaniwe, umutima utera cyane, guhumeka nabi, ibisebe bifunguye ku rurimi, n'impinduka mu ibara ry'uruhu cyangwa umusatsi.<ref name="NIH2016" /> Kubura folate mu bana bishobora kugaragara mu gihe cy'ukwezi nyuma yo kurya nabi.<ref>{{Cite book|vauthors=Marino BS, Fine KS|title=Blueprints Pediatrics|date=2009|publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins|isbn=9780781782517|pages=131|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oqpSRIOcd8MC&pg=PA131|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908213408/https://books.google.com/books?id=oqpSRIOcd8MC&pg=PA131|archive-date=8 September 2017}}</ref> Ku bantu bakuru, folate y'umubiri isanzwe iri hagati ya 10 na 30&nbsp;mg hamwe n'urugero rw'amaraso ruri hejuru ya 7 nmol/L (3&nbsp;ng/mL).<ref name="NIH2016" /> Folate yavumbuwe hagati ya 1931 na 1943.<ref name="Pond">{{Cite book|last=Pond|first=Wilson G.|last2=Nichols|first2=Buford L.|last3=Brown|first3=Dan L.|title=Adequate Food for All: Culture, Science, and Technology of Food in the 21st Century|date=2009|publisher=CRC Press|isbn=9781420077544|pages=148|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wbS5FogT1-4C&pg=PA148|language=en|quote=Folic acid's discovery started in 1931...}}</ref> Iri ku rutonde rw'imiti y'ingenzi y'Umuryango w'Abibumbye wita ku Buzima.<ref name="WHO21st">{{Cite book|vauthors=((World Health Organization))|title=World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019|year=2019|hdl=10665/325771|author-link=World Health Organization|publisher=World Health Organization|location=Geneva|id=WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO|hdl-access=free}}</ref> Igiciro cy’inyongeramusaruro mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y’amajyambere kiri hagati ya 0.001 na 0.005 by’amadolari ya Amerika kuri dose imwe kugeza mu 2014.<ref name="ref">{{Cite web|title=Folic Acid|url=http://mshpriceguide.org/en/single-drug-information/?DMFId=361&searchYear=2014|website=International Drug Price Indicator Guide|access-date=1 September 2016|archive-date=22 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180122072805/http://mshpriceguide.org/en/single-drug-information/?DMFId=361&searchYear=2014|url-status=live}}</ref> Ijambo "folic" rikomoka ku ijambo ry'ikilatini {{Lang|la|[[Wiktionary:folium|folium]]}} (bisobanura ikibabi) kuko byabonekaga mu mboga z'icyatsi kibisi.<ref name="Chambers">{{Cite book|title=Chambers Concise Dictionary|date=2004|publisher=Allied Publishers|isbn=9788186062364|pages=451|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iwWuY9tAVq8C&pg=PA451|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908213408/https://books.google.com/books?id=iwWuY9tAVq8C&pg=PA451|archive-date=8 September 2017}}</ref> == Iriburiro == ih0j475wmdzgbsadl076k79fuohvywl 148829 148828 2026-11-04T09:57:24Z Stevenndori289 10902 Folate 148829 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Folate family.svg|thumb|Folate]] '''Folate''', izwi kandi ku izina rya '''vitamine _B9''' na '''folacin''',<ref name="lpi">{{Cite web|title=Folate|url=http://lpi.oregonstate.edu/mic/vitamins/folate|publisher=Micronutrient Information Center, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University|access-date=17 March 2018|date=2014|quote=Folate is a water-soluble B-vitamin, which is also known as vitamin B9 or folacin.|archive-date=19 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210819075234/https://lpi.oregonstate.edu/mic/vitamins/folate|url-status=live}}</ref> ni imwe muri vitamine B.<ref name="AHFS2016">{{Cite web|title=Folic Acid|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/folic-acid.html|website=Drugs.com|publisher=American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|access-date=1 September 2016|date=1 January 2010|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170808233930/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/folic-acid.html|archive-date=8 August 2017}}</ref> '''Aside folike''' yakozwe, umubiri uhindura folate, ikoreshwa nk'inyongera mu mirire no mu kongera ibiryo kuko iba ihamye mu gihe cyo kuyitunganya no kuyibika.<ref name="Choi2014">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Choi JH, Yates Z, Veysey M, Heo YR, Lucock M|title=Contemporary issues surrounding folic Acid fortification initiatives|journal=Prev Nutr Food Sci|volume=19|issue=4|pages=247–60|date=December 2014|pmid=25580388|pmc=4287316|doi=10.3746/pnf.2014.19.4.247}}</ref> Folate irakenewe kugira ngo umubiri ukore ADN na RNA kandi ukoreshe aside amine zikenewe kugira ngo uturemangingo twigabanye.<ref name="NIH2016" /><ref name="PresentKnowledge">{{Cite book|vauthors=Bailey LB, Caudill MA|title=Present Knowledge in Nutrition, Tenth Edition|chapter=Folate|veditors=Eardman JW Jr, MacDonald IA, Zeisel SH|publisher=ILSI Press/Wiley-Blackwell|year=2012|location=Ames, IA|pages=321–342|isbn=978-0-470-95917-6}}</ref> Kubera ko abantu badashobora gukora folate, irakenewe mu mirire, bigatuma iba intungamubiri y'ingenzi.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fedRNr2-UVAC&pg=PA551|title=Alcamo's Fundamentals of Microbiology: Body Systems|date=2009|publisher=Jones & Bartlett Publishers|isbn=9780763787127|pages=511|last=Pommerville|first=Jeffrey C.|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908213409/https://books.google.com/books?id=fedRNr2-UVAC&pg=PA551|archive-date=8 September 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Biboneka mu buryo busanzwe mu biribwa byinshi.<ref name="lpi" /><ref name="NIH2016" /> Muri Amerika, umuntu mukuru asabwa kurya folate buri munsi ni mikorogarama 400 zivuye mu biribwa cyangwa inyongeramusaruro.<ref name="NIH2016"><{{Cite web |publisher =[[National Institutes of Health]] |title =Fact Sheet for Health Professionals – Folate |url =http://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/folate/ |url-status =live |archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20110402200837/http://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Folate/ |archive-date =2 April 2011 }}</ref> Folate mu buryo bwa aside folike ikoreshwa mu kuvura [[Anemie|indwara yo kubura amaraso]] iterwa no kubura folike.<ref name="AHFS2016" /> Aside folike ikoreshwa kandi nk'inyongera ku bagore mu gihe [[Imihango y'umugore utwite|batwite]] kugira ngo bagabanye ibyago byo kurwara indwara z'imitsi y'ubwonko (NTDs) ku mwana.<ref name="AHFS2016" /><ref>{{Cite journal|vauthors=Bibbins-Domingo K, Grossman DC, Curry SJ, Davidson KW, Epling JW, García FA, Kemper AR, Krist AH, Kurth AE, Landefeld CS, Mangione CM, Phillips WR, Phipps MG, Pignone MP, Silverstein M, Tseng CW|s2cid=205077749|display-authors=6|title=Folic Acid Supplementation for the Prevention of Neural Tube Defects: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement|journal=JAMA|volume=317|issue=2|pages=183–189|date=January 2017|pmid=28097362|doi=10.1001/jama.2016.19438}}</ref> Bikekwa ko urugero ruto mu gihe cyo [[Imihango y'umugore utwite|gutwita]] ari rwo rutera abana barenga kimwe cya kabiri bavukana indwara zo mu mutwe ziterwa n’indwara zidakira.<ref name="NIH2016" /> Ibihugu birenga 80 bikoresha inyunganizi ku biribwa bimwe na bimwe birimo aside folike, byaba ari itegeko cyangwa ku bushake, nk'igipimo cyo kugabanya igipimo cy'indwara ziterwa n'indwara zidakira.<ref name="Wald2018">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Wald NJ, Morris JK, Blakemore C|title=Public health failure in the prevention of neural tube defects: time to abandon the tolerable upper intake level of folate|journal=Public Health Reviews|volume=39|issue=|pages=2|date=2018|pmid=29450103|pmc=5809909|doi=10.1186/s40985-018-0079-6}}</ref> Kongeramo aside folike nyinshi mu gihe kirekire bifitanye isano no kugabanya gato ibyago byo kurwara indwara yo mu bwonko <ref name="Li2016">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Li Y, Huang T, Zheng Y, Muka T, Troup J, Hu FB|title=Folic Acid Supplementation and the Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials|journal=Journal of the American Heart Association|volume=5|issue=8|pages=e003768|date=August 2016|pmid=27528407|pmc=5015297|doi=10.1161/JAHA.116.003768|url=https://dash.harvard.edu/bitstream/handle/1/29407892/5015297.pdf?sequence=1|access-date=8 August 2020|archive-date=27 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210427034202/https://dash.harvard.edu/bitstream/handle/1/29407892/5015297.pdf?sequence=1|url-status=live}}</ref> no kwiyongera k'ibyago byo kurwara kanseri ya prostate.<ref name="Wien2012">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Wien TN, Pike E, Wisløff T, Staff A, Smeland S, Klemp M|title=Cancer risk with folic acid supplements: a systematic review and meta-analysis|journal=BMJ Open|volume=2|issue=1|pages=e000653|date=January 2012|pmid=22240654|pmc=3278486|doi=10.1136/bmjopen-2011-000653}}</ref> Hari impungenge ko ingano nini ya aside folike ishobora guhisha ibura rya Vitamine <nowiki><sub id="mweQ">B12</sub></nowiki>.<ref name="NIH2016" /> Kutarya folate ihagije bishobora gutera kubura folate.<ref name="NIH2016" /> Ibi bishobora gutera ubwoko bwa anemia aho uturemangingo dutukura tw’amaraso tuba tunini cyane.<ref name="NIH2016" /> Ibimenyetso bishobora kuba birimo kumva unaniwe, umutima utera cyane, guhumeka nabi, ibisebe bifunguye ku rurimi, n'impinduka mu ibara ry'uruhu cyangwa umusatsi.<ref name="NIH2016" /> Kubura folate mu bana bishobora kugaragara mu gihe cy'ukwezi nyuma yo kurya nabi.<ref>{{Cite book|vauthors=Marino BS, Fine KS|title=Blueprints Pediatrics|date=2009|publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins|isbn=9780781782517|pages=131|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oqpSRIOcd8MC&pg=PA131|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908213408/https://books.google.com/books?id=oqpSRIOcd8MC&pg=PA131|archive-date=8 September 2017}}</ref> Ku bantu bakuru, folate y'umubiri isanzwe iri hagati ya 10 na 30&nbsp;mg hamwe n'urugero rw'amaraso ruri hejuru ya 7 nmol/L (3&nbsp;ng/mL).<ref name="NIH2016" /> Folate yavumbuwe hagati ya 1931 na 1943.<ref name="Pond">{{Cite book|last=Pond|first=Wilson G.|last2=Nichols|first2=Buford L.|last3=Brown|first3=Dan L.|title=Adequate Food for All: Culture, Science, and Technology of Food in the 21st Century|date=2009|publisher=CRC Press|isbn=9781420077544|pages=148|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wbS5FogT1-4C&pg=PA148|language=en|quote=Folic acid's discovery started in 1931...}}</ref> Iri ku rutonde rw'imiti y'ingenzi y'Umuryango w'Abibumbye wita ku Buzima.<ref name="WHO21st">{{Cite book|vauthors=((World Health Organization))|title=World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019|year=2019|hdl=10665/325771|author-link=World Health Organization|publisher=World Health Organization|location=Geneva|id=WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO|hdl-access=free}}</ref> Igiciro cy’inyongeramusaruro mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y’amajyambere kiri hagati ya 0.001 na 0.005 by’amadolari ya Amerika kuri dose imwe kugeza mu 2014.<ref name="ref">{{Cite web|title=Folic Acid|url=http://mshpriceguide.org/en/single-drug-information/?DMFId=361&searchYear=2014|website=International Drug Price Indicator Guide|access-date=1 September 2016|archive-date=22 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180122072805/http://mshpriceguide.org/en/single-drug-information/?DMFId=361&searchYear=2014|url-status=live}}</ref> Ijambo "folic" rikomoka ku ijambo ry'ikilatini {{Lang|la|[[Wiktionary:folium|folium]]}} (bisobanura ikibabi) kuko byabonekaga mu mboga z'icyatsi kibisi.<ref name="Chambers">{{Cite book|title=Chambers Concise Dictionary|date=2004|publisher=Allied Publishers|isbn=9788186062364|pages=451|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iwWuY9tAVq8C&pg=PA451|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908213408/https://books.google.com/books?id=iwWuY9tAVq8C&pg=PA451|archive-date=8 September 2017}}</ref> == Iriburiro == ejjywihdrz96zfvkc9e6l2fko7jvf4g 148874 148829 2026-11-04T11:33:45Z Score Beethoven 11559 148874 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox drug | image = Folic acid.svg | width = 200 | caption = Imiterere ya molekile ya Folate | tradename = Folicet, Folvite | routes_of_administration = Mu kanwa, Urushinge mu mukaya, Urushinge mu mutsi, Urushinge munsi y'uruhu | CAS_number = 59-30-3 | ATC_prefix = B03 | ATC_suffix = BB01 | PubChem = 6037 | DrugBank = DB00158 }} '''Folate''', izwi kandi ku izina rya '''vitamine B₉''' na '''folacin''', ni imwe muri vitamine B. == Akamaro mu mubiri == [[Dosiye:Folate family.svg|thumb|left|Folate]] Folate, izwi kandi ku izina rya vitamine B₉ na folacin,<ref name="lpi">{{Cite web|title=Folate|url=http://lpi.oregonstate.edu/mic/vitamins/folate|publisher=Micronutrient Information Center, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University|access-date=17 March 2018|date=2014|quote=Folate is a water-soluble B-vitamin, which is also known as vitamin B9 or folacin.|archive-date=19 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210819075234/https://lpi.oregonstate.edu/mic/vitamins/folate|url-status=live}}</ref> ni imwe muri vitamine B.<ref name="AHFS2016">{{Cite web|title=Folic Acid|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/folic-acid.html|website=Drugs.com|publisher=American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|access-date=1 September 2016|date=1 January 2010|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170808233930/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/folic-acid.html|archive-date=8 August 2017}}</ref> Aside folike yakozwe, umubiri uhindura folate, ikoreshwa nk'inyongera mu mirire no mu kongera ibiryo kuko iba ihamye mu gihe cyo kuyitunganya no kuyibika.<ref name="Choi2014">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Choi JH, Yates Z, Veysey M, Heo YR, Lucock M|title=Contemporary issues surrounding folic Acid fortification initiatives|journal=Prev Nutr Food Sci|volume=19|issue=4|pages=247–60|date=December 2014|pmid=25580388|pmc=4287316|doi=10.3746/pnf.2014.19.4.247}}</ref> Folate irakenewe kugira ngo umubiri ukore ADN na RNA kandi ukoreshe aside amine zikenewe kugira ngo uturemangingo twigabanye.<ref name="NIH2016" /><ref name="PresentKnowledge">{{Cite book|vauthors=Bailey LB, Caudill MA|title=Present Knowledge in Nutrition, Tenth Edition|chapter=Folate|veditors=Eardman JW Jr, MacDonald IA, Zeisel SH|publisher=ILSI Press/Wiley-Blackwell|year=2012|location=Ames, IA|pages=321–342|isbn=978-0-470-95917-6}}</ref> Kubera ko abantu badashobora gukora folate, irakenewe mu mirire, bigatuma iba intungamubiri y'ingenzi.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fedRNr2-UVAC&pg=PA551|title=Alcamo's Fundamentals of Microbiology: Body Systems|date=2009|publisher=Jones & Bartlett Publishers|isbn=9780763787127|pages=511|last=Pommerville|first=Jeffrey C.|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908213409/https://books.google.com/books?id=fedRNr2-UVAC&pg=PA551|archive-date=8 September 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Biboneka mu buryo busanzwe mu biribwa byinshi.<ref name="lpi" /><ref name="NIH2016" /> Muri Amerika, umuntu mukuru asabwa kurya folate buri munsi ni mikorogarama 400 zivuye mu biribwa cyangwa inyongeramusaruro.<ref name="NIH2016"><{{Cite web |publisher =National Institutes of Health |title =Fact Sheet for Health Professionals – Folate |url =http://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/folate/|url-status =live |archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20110402200837/http://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Folate/|archive-date =2 April 2011 }}</ref> Kutarya folate ihagije bishobora gutera kubura folate.<ref name="NIH2016" /> Ibi bishobora gutera ubwoko bwa anemia aho uturemangingo dutukura tw’amaraso tuba tunini cyane.<ref name="NIH2016" /> Ibimenyetso bishobora kuba birimo kumva unaniwe, umutima utera cyane, guhumeka nabi, ibisebe bifunguye ku rurimi, n'impinduka mu ibara ry'uruhu cyangwa umusatsi.<ref name="NIH2016" /> Kubura folate mu bana bishobora kugaragara mu gihe cy'ukwezi nyuma yo kurya nabi.<ref>{{Cite book|vauthors=Marino BS, Fine KS|title=Blueprints Pediatrics|date=2009|publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins|isbn=9780781782517|pages=131|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oqpSRIOcd8MC&pg=PA131|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908213408/https://books.google.com/books?id=oqpSRIOcd8MC&pg=PA131|archive-date=8 September 2017}}</ref> Ku bantu bakuru, folate y'umubiri isanzwe iri hagati ya 10 na 30&nbsp;mg hamwe n'urugero rw'amaraso ruri hejuru ya 7 nmol/L (3&nbsp;ng/mL).<ref name="NIH2016" /> == Ikoreshwa mu buvuzi == Folate mu buryo bwa aside folike ikoreshwa mu kuvura [[Anemie|indwara yo kubura amaraso]] iterwa no kubura folike.<ref name="AHFS2016" /> Aside folike ikoreshwa kandi nk'inyongera ku bagore mu gihe [[Imihango y'umugore utwite|batwite]] kugira ngo bagabanye ibyago byo kurwara indwara z'imitsi y'ubwonko (NTDs) ku mwana.<ref name="AHFS2016" /><ref>{{Cite journal|vauthors=Bibbins-Domingo K, Grossman DC, Curry SJ, Davidson KW, Epling JW, García FA, Kemper AR, Krist AH, Kurth AE, Landefeld CS, Mangione CM, Phillips WR, Phipps MG, Pignone MP, Silverstein M, Tseng CW|s2cid=205077749|display-authors=6|title=Folic Acid Supplementation for the Prevention of Neural Tube Defects: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement|journal=JAMA|volume=317|issue=2|pages=183–189|date=January 2017|pmid=28097362|doi=10.1001/jama.2016.19438}}</ref> Bikekwa ko urugero ruto mu gihe cyo [[Imihango y'umugore utwite|gutwita]] ari rwo rutera abana barenga kimwe cya kabiri bavukana indwara zo mu mutwe ziterwa n’indwara zidakira.<ref name="NIH2016" /> Ibihugu birenga 80 bikoresha inyunganizi ku biribwa bimwe na bimwe birimo aside folike, byaba ari itegeko cyangwa ku bushake, nk'igipimo cyo kugabanya igipimo cy'indwara ziterwa n'indwara zidakira.<ref name="Wald2018">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Wald NJ, Morris JK, Blakemore C|title=Public health failure in the prevention of neural tube defects: time to abandon the tolerable upper intake level of folate|journal=Public Health Reviews|volume=39|issue=|pages=2|date=2018|pmid=29450103|pmc=5809909|doi=10.1186/s40985-018-0079-6}}</ref> Kongeramo aside folike nyinshi mu gihe kirekire bifitanye isano no kugabanya gato ibyago byo kurwara indwara yo mu bwonko <ref name="Li2016">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Li Y, Huang T, Zheng Y, Muka T, Troup J, Hu FB|title=Folic Acid Supplementation and the Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials|journal=Journal of the American Heart Association|volume=5|issue=8|pages=e003768|date=August 2016|pmid=27528407|pmc=5015297|doi=10.1161/JAHA.116.003768|url=https://dash.harvard.edu/bitstream/handle/1/29407892/5015297.pdf?sequence=1|access-date=8 August 2020|archive-date=27 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210427034202/https://dash.harvard.edu/bitstream/handle/1/29407892/5015297.pdf?sequence=1|url-status=live}}</ref> no kwiyongera k'ibyago byo kurwara kanseri ya prostate.<ref name="Wien2012">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Wien TN, Pike E, Wisløff T, Staff A, Smeland S, Klemp M|title=Cancer risk with folic acid supplements: a systematic review and meta-analysis|journal=BMJ Open|volume=2|issue=1|pages=e000653|date=January 2012|pmid=22240654|pmc=3278486|doi=10.1136/bmjopen-2011-000653}}</ref> Hari impungenge ko ingano nini ya aside folike ishobora guhisha ibura rya vitamine B₁₂.<ref name="NIH2016" /> == Amateka == Folate yavumbuwe hagati ya 1931 na 1943.<ref name="Pond">{{Cite book|last=Pond|first=Wilson G.|last2=Nichols|first2=Buford L.|last3=Brown|first3=Dan L.|title=Adequate Food for All: Culture, Science, and Technology of Food in the 21st Century|date=2009|publisher=CRC Press|isbn=9781420077544|pages=148|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wbS5FogT1-4C&pg=PA148|language=en|quote=Folic acid's discovery started in 1931...}}</ref> Iri ku rutonde rw'imiti y'ingenzi y'[[WHO|Umuryango w'Abibumbye wita ku Buzima]].<ref name="WHO21st">{{Cite book|vauthors=((World Health Organization))|title=World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019|year=2019|hdl=10665/325771|publisher=World Health Organization|location=Geneva|id=WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO|hdl-access=free}}</ref> Igiciro cy’inyongeramusaruro mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y’amajyambere kiri hagati ya 0.001 na 0.005 by’amadolari ya Amerika kuri dose imwe kugeza mu 2014.<ref name="ref">{{Cite web|title=Folic Acid|url=http://mshpriceguide.org/en/single-drug-information/?DMFId=361&searchYear=2014|website=International Drug Price Indicator Guide|access-date=1 September 2016|archive-date=22 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180122072805/http://mshpriceguide.org/en/single-drug-information/?DMFId=361&searchYear=2014|url-status=live}}</ref> Ijambo "folic" rikomoka ku ijambo ry'ikilatini {{Lang|la|[[Wiktionary:folium|folium]]}} (bisobanura ikibabi) kuko byabonekaga mu mboga z'icyatsi kibisi.<ref name="Chambers">{{Cite book|title=Chambers Concise Dictionary|date=2004|publisher=Allied Publishers|isbn=9788186062364|pages=451|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iwWuY9tAVq8C&pg=PA451|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908213408/https://books.google.com/books?id=iwWuY9tAVq8C&pg=PA451|archive-date=8 September 2017}}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Folic acid|Amafoto ajyanye na Folate]] kuri Wikimedia Commons [[Ikiciro:Imiti]] [[Ikiciro:Ubuzima]] qntq7xhy5a1vgqinrv0cur6wgc15yae 0 23972 148830 2026-11-04T09:58:59Z Stevenndori289 10902 Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1501270|Clozapine]] to:rw #mdwikicx 148830 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Clozapine''', igurishwa ku izina rya '''Clozaril''' n'indi, ni umuti usanzwe ugabanya indwara zo mu mutwe.<ref name="AHFS2015">{{Cite web|title=Clozapine|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/clozapine.html|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|access-date=1 December 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208103801/http://www.drugs.com/monograph/clozapine.html|archive-date=2015-12-08}}</ref> Ikoreshwa cyane cyane ku ndwara ya schizophrenia idakira nyuma yo gukoresha indi miti igabanya ubukana bw'indwara zo mu mutwe.<ref name="AHFS2015" /> Ku barwayi ba schizophrenia n'indwara ya schizoaffective, bishobora kugabanya igipimo cy'imyitwarire yo kwiyahura.<ref name="AHFS2015" /> Ifite akamaro kurusha imiti isanzwe igabanya ubukana bw'indwara zo mu mutwe, cyane cyane ku bantu badakunze kuvurwa.<ref name="Lancet2013">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Leucht S, Cipriani A, Spineli L, Mavridis D, Orey D, Richter F, Samara M, Barbui C, Engel RR, Geddes JR, Kissling W, Stapf MP, Lässig B, Salanti G, Davis JM|display-authors=6|title=Comparative efficacy and tolerability of 15 antipsychotic drugs in schizophrenia: a multiple-treatments meta-analysis|journal=Lancet|volume=382|issue=9896|pages=951–62|date=September 2013|pmid=23810019|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60733-3}}</ref><ref name="ReferenceB">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Essali A, Al-Haj Haasan N, Li C, Rathbone J|title=Clozapine versus typical neuroleptic medication for schizophrenia|journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|issue=1|pages=CD000059|date=January 2009|pmid=19160174|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD000059.pub2|pmc=7065592}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|vauthors=Siskind D, McCartney L, Goldschlager R, Kisely S|title=Clozapine v. first- and second-generation antipsychotics in treatment-refractory schizophrenia: systematic review and meta-analysis|journal=The British Journal of Psychiatry|volume=209|issue=5|pages=385–392|date=November 2016|pmid=27388573|doi=10.1192/bjp.bp.115.177261|doi-access=free}}</ref> Ikoreshwa mu kanwa,<ref name="AHFS2015" /> cyangwa mu guterwa imitsi.<ref name="Sus2019">{{Cite web|url=https://www.sussexpartnership.nhs.uk/sites/default/files/documents/im cloz - trust protocol -v1 - 0417 - final 0.pdf|title=Protocol for the use of intramuscular (IM) clozapine injection|last=Hewitt|first=Jed|last2=Haste|first2=Jules|date=April 2017|website=Sussex Partnership NHS Foundation Trust|access-date=2019-03-15|archive-date=29 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210829190554/https://www.sussexpartnership.nhs.uk/sites/default/files/documents/im cloz - trust protocol -v1 - 0417 - final 0.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Clozapine ifitanye isano n'ibyago byinshi byo kugira uturemangingo tw'umweru duke (agranulocytosis), ikibazo cy'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bugabanuka bushobora gutera urupfu.<ref name="AHFS2015" /> Kugira ngo bigabanye ibi byago, ni byiza ko umubare w’uturemangingo tw’amaraso twera ugenzurwa buri gihe.<ref name="AHFS2015" /> Izindi ngaruka zikomeye zirimo gucika intege, kubyimba k'umutima, isukari nyinshi mu maraso, [[impatwe]], kandi ku bantu bakuze bafite indwara yo mu mutwe iterwa no kwibagirwa, ibyago byinshi byo gupfa.<ref name="AHFS2015" /><ref name="Hart2012">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Hartling L, Abou-Setta AM, Dursun S, Mousavi SS, Pasichnyk D, Newton AS|title=Antipsychotics in adults with schizophrenia: comparative effectiveness of first-generation versus second-generation medications: a systematic review and meta-analysis|journal=Annals of Internal Medicine|volume=157|issue=7|pages=498–511|date=October 2012|pmid=22893011|doi=10.7326/0003-4819-157-7-201210020-00525|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="FDA2020">{{Cite web|title=Clozaril, Fazaclo ODT, Versacloz (clozapine): Drug Safety Communication - FDA Strengthens Warning That Untreated Constipation Can Lead to Serious Bowel Problems|url=https://www.fda.gov/safety/medical-product-safety-information/clozaril-fazaclo-odt-versacloz-clozapine-drug-safety-communication-fda-strengthens-warning-untreated|website=FDA|access-date=30 January 2020|language=en|date=28 January 2020|archive-date=24 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200224000510/https://www.fda.gov/safety/medical-product-safety-information/clozaril-fazaclo-odt-versacloz-clozapine-drug-safety-communication-fda-strengthens-warning-untreated|url-status=live}}</ref> Ingaruka mbi zikunze kugaragara zirimo gusinzira, kwiyongera k'umuvuduko w'amaraso, umuvuduko muke w'amaraso, kutabona neza no kuzerera.<ref name="AHFS2015" /> Indwara ishobora guhoraho yo kwimuka kwa tardive dyskinesia igaragara ku bantu bagera kuri 5%.<ref name="Hart2012" /> Uburyo ikora ntabwo busobanutse neza.<ref name="AHFS2015" /> Clozapine yakozwe bwa mbere mu 1956, igurishwa ku isoko mu 1972.<ref name="Stat2019">{{Cite journal|last=Haidary|first=HA|last2=Padhy|first2=RK|title=Clozapine|date=January 2019|pmid=30571020|journal=StatPearls}}</ref><ref name="Cri2007">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Crilly J|title=The history of clozapine and its emergence in the US market: a review and analysis|journal=History of Psychiatry|volume=18|issue=1|pages=39–60|date=March 2007|pmid=17580753|doi=10.1177/0957154X07070335}}</ref> Ni wo muti wa mbere udasanzwe wo kurwanya indwara zo mu mutwe.<ref name="Cor2013">{{Cite book|veditors=Li JJ, Corey JJ|chapter=Chapter 7: CNS Drugs|title=Drug discovery practices, processes, and perspectives|date=2013|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|location=Hoboken, N.J.|isbn=9781118354469|page=248|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mIyxO5cLEAcC&pg=PA248|access-date=30 August 2017|archive-date=10 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190910200344/https://books.google.com/books?id=mIyxO5cLEAcC&pg=PA248|url-status=live}}</ref> Iri ku rutonde rw'imiti y'ingenzi y'Umuryango w'Abibumbye wita ku Buzima.<ref name="WHO21st">{{Cite book|vauthors=((World Health Organization))|title=World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019|year=2019|hdl=10665/325771|author-link=World Health Organization|publisher=World Health Organization|location=Geneva|id=WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO}}</ref> Iraboneka nk'umuti usanzwe.<ref name="AHFS2015" /> Igiciro cy’igurishwa ry’ibicuruzwa mu bihugu biri mu nzira y’amajyambere kiri hagati y’amadolari y’Amerika 0.05 na 2.10 ku munsi guhera mu 2014.<ref name="Clozapine">{{Cite web|title=Clozapine|url=http://mshpriceguide.org/en/single-drug-information/?DMFId=894&searchYear=2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180122072854/http://mshpriceguide.org/en/single-drug-information/?DMFId=894&searchYear=2014archive-date=22|website=International Drug Price Indicator Guide|access-date=2 December 2015|archive-date=22 January 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> == Iriburiro == <references /> 9gmvrslc4j719nxlg1rt7svzp9ofh1m 148831 148830 2026-11-04T10:00:03Z Stevenndori289 10902 Clozapine 148831 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Clozapine-3D-vdW.png|thumb|Clozapine]] '''Clozapine''', igurishwa ku izina rya '''Clozaril''' n'indi, ni umuti usanzwe ugabanya indwara zo mu mutwe.<ref name="AHFS2015">{{Cite web|title=Clozapine|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/clozapine.html|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|access-date=1 December 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208103801/http://www.drugs.com/monograph/clozapine.html|archive-date=2015-12-08}}</ref> Ikoreshwa cyane cyane ku ndwara ya schizophrenia idakira nyuma yo gukoresha indi miti igabanya ubukana bw'indwara zo mu mutwe.<ref name="AHFS2015" /> Ku barwayi ba schizophrenia n'indwara ya schizoaffective, bishobora kugabanya igipimo cy'imyitwarire yo kwiyahura.<ref name="AHFS2015" /> Ifite akamaro kurusha imiti isanzwe igabanya ubukana bw'indwara zo mu mutwe, cyane cyane ku bantu badakunze kuvurwa.<ref name="Lancet2013">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Leucht S, Cipriani A, Spineli L, Mavridis D, Orey D, Richter F, Samara M, Barbui C, Engel RR, Geddes JR, Kissling W, Stapf MP, Lässig B, Salanti G, Davis JM|display-authors=6|title=Comparative efficacy and tolerability of 15 antipsychotic drugs in schizophrenia: a multiple-treatments meta-analysis|journal=Lancet|volume=382|issue=9896|pages=951–62|date=September 2013|pmid=23810019|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60733-3}}</ref><ref name="ReferenceB">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Essali A, Al-Haj Haasan N, Li C, Rathbone J|title=Clozapine versus typical neuroleptic medication for schizophrenia|journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|issue=1|pages=CD000059|date=January 2009|pmid=19160174|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD000059.pub2|pmc=7065592}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|vauthors=Siskind D, McCartney L, Goldschlager R, Kisely S|title=Clozapine v. first- and second-generation antipsychotics in treatment-refractory schizophrenia: systematic review and meta-analysis|journal=The British Journal of Psychiatry|volume=209|issue=5|pages=385–392|date=November 2016|pmid=27388573|doi=10.1192/bjp.bp.115.177261|doi-access=free}}</ref> Ikoreshwa mu kanwa,<ref name="AHFS2015" /> cyangwa mu guterwa imitsi.<ref name="Sus2019">{{Cite web|url=https://www.sussexpartnership.nhs.uk/sites/default/files/documents/im cloz - trust protocol -v1 - 0417 - final 0.pdf|title=Protocol for the use of intramuscular (IM) clozapine injection|last=Hewitt|first=Jed|last2=Haste|first2=Jules|date=April 2017|website=Sussex Partnership NHS Foundation Trust|access-date=2019-03-15|archive-date=29 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210829190554/https://www.sussexpartnership.nhs.uk/sites/default/files/documents/im cloz - trust protocol -v1 - 0417 - final 0.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Clozapine ifitanye isano n'ibyago byinshi byo kugira uturemangingo tw'umweru duke (agranulocytosis), ikibazo cy'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bugabanuka bushobora gutera urupfu.<ref name="AHFS2015" /> Kugira ngo bigabanye ibi byago, ni byiza ko umubare w’uturemangingo tw’amaraso twera ugenzurwa buri gihe.<ref name="AHFS2015" /> Izindi ngaruka zikomeye zirimo gucika intege, kubyimba k'umutima, isukari nyinshi mu maraso, [[impatwe]], kandi ku bantu bakuze bafite indwara yo mu mutwe iterwa no kwibagirwa, ibyago byinshi byo gupfa.<ref name="AHFS2015" /><ref name="Hart2012">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Hartling L, Abou-Setta AM, Dursun S, Mousavi SS, Pasichnyk D, Newton AS|title=Antipsychotics in adults with schizophrenia: comparative effectiveness of first-generation versus second-generation medications: a systematic review and meta-analysis|journal=Annals of Internal Medicine|volume=157|issue=7|pages=498–511|date=October 2012|pmid=22893011|doi=10.7326/0003-4819-157-7-201210020-00525|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="FDA2020">{{Cite web|title=Clozaril, Fazaclo ODT, Versacloz (clozapine): Drug Safety Communication - FDA Strengthens Warning That Untreated Constipation Can Lead to Serious Bowel Problems|url=https://www.fda.gov/safety/medical-product-safety-information/clozaril-fazaclo-odt-versacloz-clozapine-drug-safety-communication-fda-strengthens-warning-untreated|website=FDA|access-date=30 January 2020|language=en|date=28 January 2020|archive-date=24 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200224000510/https://www.fda.gov/safety/medical-product-safety-information/clozaril-fazaclo-odt-versacloz-clozapine-drug-safety-communication-fda-strengthens-warning-untreated|url-status=live}}</ref> Ingaruka mbi zikunze kugaragara zirimo gusinzira, kwiyongera k'umuvuduko w'amaraso, umuvuduko muke w'amaraso, kutabona neza no kuzerera.<ref name="AHFS2015" /> Indwara ishobora guhoraho yo kwimuka kwa tardive dyskinesia igaragara ku bantu bagera kuri 5%.<ref name="Hart2012" /> Uburyo ikora ntabwo busobanutse neza.<ref name="AHFS2015" /> Clozapine yakozwe bwa mbere mu 1956, igurishwa ku isoko mu 1972.<ref name="Stat2019">{{Cite journal|last=Haidary|first=HA|last2=Padhy|first2=RK|title=Clozapine|date=January 2019|pmid=30571020|journal=StatPearls}}</ref><ref name="Cri2007">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Crilly J|title=The history of clozapine and its emergence in the US market: a review and analysis|journal=History of Psychiatry|volume=18|issue=1|pages=39–60|date=March 2007|pmid=17580753|doi=10.1177/0957154X07070335}}</ref> Ni wo muti wa mbere udasanzwe wo kurwanya indwara zo mu mutwe.<ref name="Cor2013">{{Cite book|veditors=Li JJ, Corey JJ|chapter=Chapter 7: CNS Drugs|title=Drug discovery practices, processes, and perspectives|date=2013|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|location=Hoboken, N.J.|isbn=9781118354469|page=248|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mIyxO5cLEAcC&pg=PA248|access-date=30 August 2017|archive-date=10 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190910200344/https://books.google.com/books?id=mIyxO5cLEAcC&pg=PA248|url-status=live}}</ref> Iri ku rutonde rw'imiti y'ingenzi y'Umuryango w'Abibumbye wita ku Buzima.<ref name="WHO21st">{{Cite book|vauthors=((World Health Organization))|title=World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019|year=2019|hdl=10665/325771|author-link=World Health Organization|publisher=World Health Organization|location=Geneva|id=WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO}}</ref> Iraboneka nk'umuti usanzwe.<ref name="AHFS2015" /> Igiciro cy’igurishwa ry’ibicuruzwa mu bihugu biri mu nzira y’amajyambere kiri hagati y’amadolari y’Amerika 0.05 na 2.10 ku munsi guhera mu 2014.<ref name="Clozapine">{{Cite web|title=Clozapine|url=http://mshpriceguide.org/en/single-drug-information/?DMFId=894&searchYear=2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180122072854/http://mshpriceguide.org/en/single-drug-information/?DMFId=894&searchYear=2014archive-date=22|website=International Drug Price Indicator Guide|access-date=2 December 2015|archive-date=22 January 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> == Iriburiro == <references /> cdsr8j5ff5ovuaga8bgx45imy2r07n2 148873 148831 2026-11-04T11:33:43Z Score Beethoven 11559 148873 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox drug | image = Clozapine.svg | width = 200 | caption = Imiterere ya molekile ya Clozapine | tradename = Clozaril n'indi | routes_of_administration = Mu kanwa, Urushinge mu mukaya | elimination_half-life = 4–26 amasaha | CAS_number = 5786-21-0 | ATC_prefix = N05 | ATC_suffix = AH02 | PubChem = 2818 | DrugBank = DB00363 | C = 18 | H = 19 | Cl = 1 | N = 4 }} '''Clozapine''', igurishwa ku izina rya '''Clozaril''' n'indi, ni umuti udasanzwe (''atypical'') ugabanya indwara zo mu mutwe. == Ikoreshwa == [[Dosiye:Clozapine-3D-vdW.png|thumb|left|Clozapine]] Clozapine, igurishwa ku izina rya Clozaril n'indi, ni umuti udasanzwe (''atypical'') ugabanya indwara zo mu mutwe.<ref name="AHFS2015">{{Cite web|title=Clozapine|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/clozapine.html|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|access-date=1 December 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208103801/http://www.drugs.com/monograph/clozapine.html|archive-date=2015-12-08}}</ref> Ikoreshwa cyane cyane ku ndwara ya schizophrenia idakira nyuma yo gukoresha indi miti igabanya ubukana bw'indwara zo mu mutwe.<ref name="AHFS2015" /> Ku barwayi ba schizophrenia n'indwara ya schizoaffective, bishobora kugabanya igipimo cy'imyitwarire yo kwiyahura.<ref name="AHFS2015" /> Ifite akamaro kurusha imiti isanzwe igabanya ubukana bw'indwara zo mu mutwe, cyane cyane ku bantu badakunze kuvurwa.<ref name="Lancet2013">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Leucht S, Cipriani A, Spineli L, Mavridis D, Orey D, Richter F, Samara M, Barbui C, Engel RR, Geddes JR, Kissling W, Stapf MP, Lässig B, Salanti G, Davis JM|display-authors=6|title=Comparative efficacy and tolerability of 15 antipsychotic drugs in schizophrenia: a multiple-treatments meta-analysis|journal=Lancet|volume=382|issue=9896|pages=951–62|date=September 2013|pmid=23810019|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60733-3}}</ref><ref name="ReferenceB">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Essali A, Al-Haj Haasan N, Li C, Rathbone J|title=Clozapine versus typical neuroleptic medication for schizophrenia|journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|issue=1|pages=CD000059|date=January 2009|pmid=19160174|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD000059.pub2|pmc=7065592}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|vauthors=Siskind D, McCartney L, Goldschlager R, Kisely S|title=Clozapine v. first- and second-generation antipsychotics in treatment-refractory schizophrenia: systematic review and meta-analysis|journal=The British Journal of Psychiatry|volume=209|issue=5|pages=385–392|date=November 2016|pmid=27388573|doi=10.1192/bjp.bp.115.177261|doi-access=free}}</ref> Ikoreshwa mu kanwa,<ref name="AHFS2015" /> cyangwa mu guterwa imitsi.<ref name="Sus2019">{{Cite web|url=https://www.sussexpartnership.nhs.uk/sites/default/files/documents/im%20cloz%20-%20trust%20protocol%20-v1%20-%200417%20-%20final%200.pdf|title=Protocol for the use of intramuscular (IM) clozapine injection|last=Hewitt|first=Jed|last2=Haste|first2=Jules|date=April 2017|website=Sussex Partnership NHS Foundation Trust|access-date=2019-03-15|archive-date=29 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210829190554/https://www.sussexpartnership.nhs.uk/sites/default/files/documents/im%20cloz%20-%20trust%20protocol%20-v1%20-%200417%20-%20final%200.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> == Ingaruka mbi == Clozapine ifitanye isano n'ibyago byinshi byo kugira uturemangingo tw'umweru duke (agranulocytosis), ikibazo cy'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bugabanuka bushobora gutera urupfu.<ref name="AHFS2015" /> Kugira ngo bigabanye ibi byago, ni byiza ko umubare w’uturemangingo tw’amaraso twera ugenzurwa buri gihe.<ref name="AHFS2015" /> Izindi ngaruka zikomeye zirimo gucika intege, kubyimba k'umutima, isukari nyinshi mu maraso, [[impatwe]], kandi ku bantu bakuze bafite indwara yo mu mutwe iterwa no kwibagirwa, ibyago byinshi byo gupfa.<ref name="AHFS2015" /><ref name="Hart2012">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Hartling L, Abou-Setta AM, Dursun S, Mousavi SS, Pasichnyk D, Newton AS|title=Antipsychotics in adults with schizophrenia: comparative effectiveness of first-generation versus second-generation medications: a systematic review and meta-analysis|journal=Annals of Internal Medicine|volume=157|issue=7|pages=498–511|date=October 2012|pmid=22893011|doi=10.7326/0003-4819-157-7-201210020-00525|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="FDA2020">{{Cite web|title=Clozaril, Fazaclo ODT, Versacloz (clozapine): Drug Safety Communication - FDA Strengthens Warning That Untreated Constipation Can Lead to Serious Bowel Problems|url=https://www.fda.gov/safety/medical-product-safety-information/clozaril-fazaclo-odt-versacloz-clozapine-drug-safety-communication-fda-strengthens-warning-untreated|website=FDA|access-date=30 January 2020|language=en|date=28 January 2020|archive-date=24 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200224000510/https://www.fda.gov/safety/medical-product-safety-information/clozaril-fazaclo-odt-versacloz-clozapine-drug-safety-communication-fda-strengthens-warning-untreated|url-status=live}}</ref> Ingaruka mbi zikunze kugaragara zirimo gusinzira, kwiyongera k'umuvuduko w'amaraso, umuvuduko muke w'amaraso, kutabona neza no kuzerera.<ref name="AHFS2015" /> Indwara ishobora guhoraho yo kwimuka kwa tardive dyskinesia igaragara ku bantu bagera kuri 5%.<ref name="Hart2012" /> Uburyo ikora ntabwo busobanutse neza.<ref name="AHFS2015" /> == Amateka == Clozapine yakozwe bwa mbere mu 1956, igurishwa ku isoko mu 1972.<ref name="Stat2019">{{Cite journal|last=Haidary|first=HA|last2=Padhy|first2=RK|title=Clozapine|date=January 2019|pmid=30571020|journal=StatPearls}}</ref><ref name="Cri2007">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Crilly J|title=The history of clozapine and its emergence in the US market: a review and analysis|journal=History of Psychiatry|volume=18|issue=1|pages=39–60|date=March 2007|pmid=17580753|doi=10.1177/0957154X07070335}}</ref> Ni wo muti wa mbere udasanzwe wo kurwanya indwara zo mu mutwe.<ref name="Cor2013">{{Cite book|veditors=Li JJ, Corey JJ|chapter=Chapter 7: CNS Drugs|title=Drug discovery practices, processes, and perspectives|date=2013|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|location=Hoboken, N.J.|isbn=9781118354469|page=248|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mIyxO5cLEAcC&pg=PA248|access-date=30 August 2017|archive-date=10 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190910200344/https://books.google.com/books?id=mIyxO5cLEAcC&pg=PA248|url-status=live}}</ref> Iri ku rutonde rw'imiti y'ingenzi y'[[WHO|Umuryango w'Abibumbye wita ku Buzima]].<ref name="WHO21st">{{Cite book|vauthors=((World Health Organization))|title=World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019|year=2019|hdl=10665/325771|publisher=World Health Organization|location=Geneva|id=WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO}}</ref> Iraboneka nk'umuti usanzwe.<ref name="AHFS2015" /> Igiciro cy’igurishwa ry’ibicuruzwa mu bihugu biri mu nzira y’amajyambere kiri hagati y’amadolari y’Amerika 0.05 na 2.10 ku munsi guhera mu 2014.<ref name="Clozapine">{{Cite web|title=Clozapine|url=http://mshpriceguide.org/en/single-drug-information/?DMFId=894&searchYear=2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180122072854/http://mshpriceguide.org/en/single-drug-information/?DMFId=894&searchYear=2014archive-date=22|website=International Drug Price Indicator Guide|access-date=2 December 2015|archive-date=22 January 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Clozapine|Amafoto ajyanye na Clozapine]] kuri Wikimedia Commons [[Ikiciro:Imiti]] [[Ikiciro:Ubuzima]] qv6depjzwtx8ophq7pw0gngq92s7vfo 0 23973 148832 2026-11-04T10:02:10Z Stevenndori289 10902 Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1503122|Loperamide]] to:rw #mdwikicx 148832 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Loperamide''', igurishwa ku izina ry’ikirango '''cya Imodium''', n’indi, ni umuti ukoreshwa mu kugabanya inshuro zo [[Impiswi|gucibwamo]].<ref name="AHFS2015">{{Cite web|title=Loperamide Hydrochloride|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/loperamide-hydrochloride.html|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|access-date=25 August 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907231103/http://www.drugs.com/monograph/loperamide-hydrochloride.html|archive-date=7 September 2015}}</ref> Ikunze gukoreshwa muri iyi ntego mu ndwara z'igifu, indwara z'amara abyimba, ndetse n'indwara y'amara magufi.<ref name="AHFS2015" /> Ntibyemewe ku bantu bafite amaraso mu mwanda.<ref name="AHFS2015" /> Umuti ufatwa unyobwa.<ref name="AHFS2015" /> Ingaruka mbi zikunze kugaragara zirimo kubabara mu nda, [[Impatwe|kuribwa mu nda]], gusinzira, kuruka no kuma mu kanwa.<ref name="AHFS2015" /> Bishobora kongera ibyago byo kugira uburozi bwinshi.<ref name="AHFS2015" /> Umutekano wa Loperamide mu [[Imihango y'umugore utwite|gihe utwite]] nturasobanuka neza, ariko nta kimenyetso cy'ingaruka cyabonetse.<ref name="AG2015">{{Cite web|title=Prescribing medicines in pregnancy database|url=http://www.tga.gov.au/hp/medicines-pregnancy.htm|website=Australian Government|access-date=22 April 2014|date=3 March 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140408040902/http://www.tga.gov.au/hp/medicines-pregnancy.htm|archive-date=8 April 2014}}</ref> Bisa nkaho ari byiza mu [[konsa]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Loperamide use while Breastfeeding|url=https://www.drugs.com/breastfeeding/loperamide.html|access-date=26 August 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150908034709/http://www.drugs.com/breastfeeding/loperamide.html|archive-date=8 September 2015}}</ref> Ni umuti wa opioid udafata cyane mu mara kandi ntunyura mu muyoboro w’amaraso n’ubwonko iyo ukoreshejwe ku rugero rusanzwe.<ref name="NCI2015Dic">{{Cite web|title=loperamide hydrochloride|url=http://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-drug?CdrID=41911|website=NCI Drug Dictionary|access-date=26 August 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907211727/http://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-drug?CdrID=41911|archive-date=7 September 2015|date=2011-02-02}}</ref> Ikora mu kugabanya imisemburo y'amara.<ref name="AHFS2015" /> Loperamide yakozwe bwa mbere mu 1969 ikoreshwa mu buvuzi mu 1976.<ref name="Oxford University Press">{{Cite book|last=Patrick|first=Graham L.|title=An introduction to medicinal chemistry|date=2013|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford|isbn=9780199697397|page=644|edition=Fifth|ref=https://books.google.ca/books?id=Pj7xJRuhZxUC&pg=PA644}}</ref> Iri ku rutonde rw'imiti y'ingenzi rw'Umuryango w'Abibumbye wita ku Buzima.<ref name="WHO21st">{{Cite book|vauthors=((World Health Organization))|title=World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019|year=2019|hdl=10665/325771|author-link=World Health Organization|publisher=World Health Organization|location=Geneva|id=WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO|hdl-access=free}}</ref> Loperamide iraboneka nk'umuti uhendutse.<ref name="AHFS2015" /><ref name="Ric2013">{{Cite book|last=Hamilton|first=Richard J.|title=Tarascon pocket pharmacopoeia|date=2013|publisher=Jones & Bartlett Learning|location=[Sudbury, Mass.]|isbn=9781449673611|page=217|edition=14|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=zJay-fZCFGgC&pg=PA217|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305005322/https://books.google.ca/books?id=zJay-fZCFGgC&pg=PA217|archive-date=5 March 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Igiciro cy'igurishwa ku giciro kinini mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere kiri hagati US$0.004 na 0.040 kuri dose imwe.<ref name="ERC2015">{{Cite web|title=Loperamide HCL|url=http://mshpriceguide.org/en/single-drug-information/?DMFId=482&searchYear=2014|website=International Drug Price Indicator Guide|access-date=26 August 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170510095624/http://mshpriceguide.org/en/single-drug-information/?DMFId=482&searchYear=2014|archive-date=10 May 2017}}</ref> Muri Kanama 2016, ikiguzi cyo kugurisha muri Amerika cyari hafi $0.31 kuri dose.<ref name="Medi2016">{{Cite web|url=https://data.medicaid.gov/Drug-Prices/NADAC-National-Average-Drug-Acquisition-Cost-/a4y5-998d|title=NADAC (National Average Drug Acquisition Cost) Loperamide|website=Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services|access-date=16 April 2016|quote=Loperamide 2mg Capsule ... 0.33803 [USD] ... 03/23/2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160812223345/https://data.medicaid.gov/Drug-Prices/NADAC-National-Average-Drug-Acquisition-Cost-/a4y5-998d|archive-date=12 August 2016}}</ref> Mu 2017, wari umuti wa 351 ukunze kwandikirwa muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, aho wanditswe n'abaganga barenga ibihumbi 700.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Loperamide Hydrochloride - Drug Usage Statistics|website=ClinCalc|url=https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Drugs/LoperamideHydrochloride|access-date=11 April 2020|archive-date=11 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200411201149/https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Drugs/LoperamideHydrochloride|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Iriburiro == <references /> tr8srd0nw71e1g8j4wiywhnjw1nssih 148833 148832 2026-11-04T10:03:04Z Stevenndori289 10902 Loperamide 148833 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Loperamide2.svg|thumb|Loperamide]] '''Loperamide''', igurishwa ku izina ry’ikirango '''cya Imodium''', n’indi, ni umuti ukoreshwa mu kugabanya inshuro zo [[Impiswi|gucibwamo]].<ref name="AHFS2015">{{Cite web|title=Loperamide Hydrochloride|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/loperamide-hydrochloride.html|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|access-date=25 August 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907231103/http://www.drugs.com/monograph/loperamide-hydrochloride.html|archive-date=7 September 2015}}</ref> Ikunze gukoreshwa muri iyi ntego mu ndwara z'igifu, indwara z'amara abyimba, ndetse n'indwara y'amara magufi.<ref name="AHFS2015" /> Ntibyemewe ku bantu bafite amaraso mu mwanda.<ref name="AHFS2015" /> Umuti ufatwa unyobwa.<ref name="AHFS2015" /> Ingaruka mbi zikunze kugaragara zirimo kubabara mu nda, [[Impatwe|kuribwa mu nda]], gusinzira, kuruka no kuma mu kanwa.<ref name="AHFS2015" /> Bishobora kongera ibyago byo kugira uburozi bwinshi.<ref name="AHFS2015" /> Umutekano wa Loperamide mu [[Imihango y'umugore utwite|gihe utwite]] nturasobanuka neza, ariko nta kimenyetso cy'ingaruka cyabonetse.<ref name="AG2015">{{Cite web|title=Prescribing medicines in pregnancy database|url=http://www.tga.gov.au/hp/medicines-pregnancy.htm|website=Australian Government|access-date=22 April 2014|date=3 March 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140408040902/http://www.tga.gov.au/hp/medicines-pregnancy.htm|archive-date=8 April 2014}}</ref> Bisa nkaho ari byiza mu [[konsa]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Loperamide use while Breastfeeding|url=https://www.drugs.com/breastfeeding/loperamide.html|access-date=26 August 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150908034709/http://www.drugs.com/breastfeeding/loperamide.html|archive-date=8 September 2015}}</ref> Ni umuti wa opioid udafata cyane mu mara kandi ntunyura mu muyoboro w’amaraso n’ubwonko iyo ukoreshejwe ku rugero rusanzwe.<ref name="NCI2015Dic">{{Cite web|title=loperamide hydrochloride|url=http://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-drug?CdrID=41911|website=NCI Drug Dictionary|access-date=26 August 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907211727/http://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-drug?CdrID=41911|archive-date=7 September 2015|date=2011-02-02}}</ref> Ikora mu kugabanya imisemburo y'amara.<ref name="AHFS2015" /> Loperamide yakozwe bwa mbere mu 1969 ikoreshwa mu buvuzi mu 1976.<ref name="Oxford University Press">{{Cite book|last=Patrick|first=Graham L.|title=An introduction to medicinal chemistry|date=2013|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford|isbn=9780199697397|page=644|edition=Fifth|ref=https://books.google.ca/books?id=Pj7xJRuhZxUC&pg=PA644}}</ref> Iri ku rutonde rw'imiti y'ingenzi rw'Umuryango w'Abibumbye wita ku Buzima.<ref name="WHO21st">{{Cite book|vauthors=((World Health Organization))|title=World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019|year=2019|hdl=10665/325771|author-link=World Health Organization|publisher=World Health Organization|location=Geneva|id=WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO|hdl-access=free}}</ref> Loperamide iraboneka nk'umuti uhendutse.<ref name="AHFS2015" /><ref name="Ric2013">{{Cite book|last=Hamilton|first=Richard J.|title=Tarascon pocket pharmacopoeia|date=2013|publisher=Jones & Bartlett Learning|location=[Sudbury, Mass.]|isbn=9781449673611|page=217|edition=14|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=zJay-fZCFGgC&pg=PA217|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305005322/https://books.google.ca/books?id=zJay-fZCFGgC&pg=PA217|archive-date=5 March 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Igiciro cy'igurishwa ku giciro kinini mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere kiri hagati US$0.004 na 0.040 kuri dose imwe.<ref name="ERC2015">{{Cite web|title=Loperamide HCL|url=http://mshpriceguide.org/en/single-drug-information/?DMFId=482&searchYear=2014|website=International Drug Price Indicator Guide|access-date=26 August 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170510095624/http://mshpriceguide.org/en/single-drug-information/?DMFId=482&searchYear=2014|archive-date=10 May 2017}}</ref> Muri Kanama 2016, ikiguzi cyo kugurisha muri Amerika cyari hafi $0.31 kuri dose.<ref name="Medi2016">{{Cite web|url=https://data.medicaid.gov/Drug-Prices/NADAC-National-Average-Drug-Acquisition-Cost-/a4y5-998d|title=NADAC (National Average Drug Acquisition Cost) Loperamide|website=Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services|access-date=16 April 2016|quote=Loperamide 2mg Capsule ... 0.33803 [USD] ... 03/23/2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160812223345/https://data.medicaid.gov/Drug-Prices/NADAC-National-Average-Drug-Acquisition-Cost-/a4y5-998d|archive-date=12 August 2016}}</ref> Mu 2017, wari umuti wa 351 ukunze kwandikirwa muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, aho wanditswe n'abaganga barenga ibihumbi 700.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Loperamide Hydrochloride - Drug Usage Statistics|website=ClinCalc|url=https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Drugs/LoperamideHydrochloride|access-date=11 April 2020|archive-date=11 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200411201149/https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Drugs/LoperamideHydrochloride|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Iriburiro == <references /> gicusnhbc5awdse6325k5q87fs531do 148872 148833 2026-11-04T11:33:40Z Score Beethoven 11559 148872 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox drug | image = Loperamide.svg | width = 200 | caption = Imiterere ya molekile ya Loperamide | tradename = Imodium n'indi | routes_of_administration = Mu kanwa | elimination_half-life = 9–14 amasaha | CAS_number = 53179-11-6 | ATC_prefix = A07 | ATC_suffix = DA03 | PubChem = 3955 | DrugBank = DB00836 | C = 29 | H = 33 | Cl = 1 | N = 2 | O = 2 }} '''Loperamide''', igurishwa ku izina ry’ikirango '''cya Imodium''', n’indi, ni umuti ukoreshwa mu kugabanya inshuro zo [[Impiswi|gucibwamo]]. == Ikoreshwa == [[Dosiye:Loperamide2.svg|thumb|left|Loperamide]] Loperamide, igurishwa ku izina ry’ikirango cya Imodium, n’indi, ni umuti ukoreshwa mu kugabanya inshuro zo [[Impiswi|gucibwamo]].<ref name="AHFS2015">{{Cite web|title=Loperamide Hydrochloride|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/loperamide-hydrochloride.html|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|access-date=25 August 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907231103/http://www.drugs.com/monograph/loperamide-hydrochloride.html|archive-date=7 September 2015}}</ref> Ikunze gukoreshwa muri iyi ntego mu ndwara z'igifu, indwara z'amara abyimba, ndetse n'indwara y'amara magufi.<ref name="AHFS2015" /> Ntibyemewe ku bantu bafite amaraso mu mwanda.<ref name="AHFS2015" /> Umuti ufatwa unyobwa.<ref name="AHFS2015" /> == Ingaruka mbi == Ingaruka mbi zikunze kugaragara zirimo kubabara mu nda, [[Impatwe|kuribwa mu nda]], gusinzira, kuruka no kuma mu kanwa.<ref name="AHFS2015" /> Bishobora kongera ibyago byo kugira uburozi bwinshi.<ref name="AHFS2015" /> Umutekano wa Loperamide mu [[Imihango y'umugore utwite|gihe utwite]] nturasobanuka neza, ariko nta kimenyetso cy'ingaruka cyabonetse.<ref name="AG2015">{{Cite web|title=Prescribing medicines in pregnancy database|url=http://www.tga.gov.au/hp/medicines-pregnancy.htm|website=Australian Government|access-date=22 April 2014|date=3 March 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140408040902/http://www.tga.gov.au/hp/medicines-pregnancy.htm|archive-date=8 April 2014}}</ref> Bisa nkaho ari byiza mu [[konsa]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Loperamide use while Breastfeeding|url=https://www.drugs.com/breastfeeding/loperamide.html|access-date=26 August 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150908034709/http://www.drugs.com/breastfeeding/loperamide.html|archive-date=8 September 2015}}</ref> Ni umuti wa opioid udafata cyane mu mara kandi ntunyura mu muyoboro w’amaraso n’ubwonko iyo ukoreshejwe ku rugero rusanzwe.<ref name="NCI2015Dic">{{Cite web|title=loperamide hydrochloride|url=http://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-drug?CdrID=41911|website=NCI Drug Dictionary|access-date=26 August 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907211727/http://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-drug?CdrID=41911|archive-date=7 September 2015|date=2011-02-02}}</ref> Ikora mu kugabanya imisemburo y'amara.<ref name="AHFS2015" /> == Amateka == Loperamide yakozwe bwa mbere mu 1969 ikoreshwa mu buvuzi mu 1976.<ref name="Oxford University Press">{{Cite book|last=Patrick|first=Graham L.|title=An introduction to medicinal chemistry|date=2013|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford|isbn=9780199697397|page=644|edition=Fifth|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=Pj7xJRuhZxUC&pg=PA644|language=en}}</ref> Iri ku rutonde rw'imiti y'ingenzi rw'[[WHO|Umuryango w'Abibumbye wita ku Buzima]].<ref name="WHO21st">{{Cite book|vauthors=((World Health Organization))|title=World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019|year=2019|hdl=10665/325771|publisher=World Health Organization|location=Geneva|id=WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO|hdl-access=free}}</ref> Loperamide iraboneka nk'umuti uhendutse.<ref name="AHFS2015" /><ref name="Ric2013">{{Cite book|last=Hamilton|first=Richard J.|title=Tarascon pocket pharmacopoeia|date=2013|publisher=Jones & Bartlett Learning|location=[Sudbury, Mass.]|isbn=9781449673611|page=217|edition=14|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=zJay-fZCFGgC&pg=PA217|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305005322/https://books.google.ca/books?id=zJay-fZCFGgC&pg=PA217|archive-date=5 March 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Igiciro cy'igurishwa ku giciro kinini mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere kiri hagati US$0.004 na 0.040 kuri dose imwe.<ref name="ERC2015">{{Cite web|title=Loperamide HCL|url=http://mshpriceguide.org/en/single-drug-information/?DMFId=482&searchYear=2014|website=International Drug Price Indicator Guide|access-date=26 August 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170510095624/http://mshpriceguide.org/en/single-drug-information/?DMFId=482&searchYear=2014|archive-date=10 May 2017}}</ref> Muri Kanama 2016, ikiguzi cyo kugurisha muri Amerika cyari hafi $0.31 kuri dose.<ref name="Medi2016">{{Cite web|url=https://data.medicaid.gov/Drug-Prices/NADAC-National-Average-Drug-Acquisition-Cost-/a4y5-998d|title=NADAC (National Average Drug Acquisition Cost) Loperamide|website=Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services|access-date=16 April 2016|quote=Loperamide 2mg Capsule ... 0.33803 [USD] ... 03/23/2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160812223345/https://data.medicaid.gov/Drug-Prices/NADAC-National-Average-Drug-Acquisition-Cost-/a4y5-998d|archive-date=12 August 2016}}</ref> Mu 2017, wari umuti wa 351 ukunze kwandikirwa muri [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika]], aho wanditswe n'abaganga barenga ibihumbi 700.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Loperamide Hydrochloride - Drug Usage Statistics|website=ClinCalc|url=https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Drugs/LoperamideHydrochloride|access-date=11 April 2020|archive-date=11 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200411201149/https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Drugs/LoperamideHydrochloride|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Loperamide|Amafoto ajyanye na Loperamide]] kuri Wikimedia Commons [[Ikiciro:Imiti]] [[Ikiciro:Ubuzima]] sz7rv07wftt0mwub8p92699pgrrhuas 0 23974 148834 2026-11-04T10:04:33Z Stevenndori289 10902 Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1513389|Schistosomiasis]] to:rw #mdwikicx 148834 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition |name =Schistosomiasis |synonym =Bilharzia, snail fever, Katayama fever<ref name=NHS2011>{{cite web | title=Schistosomiasis (bilharzia) | url=http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/schistosomiasis/Pages/Introduction.aspx | work=NHS Choices | access-date=15 March 2014 | date=17 December 2011 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140315131919/http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/schistosomiasis/Pages/Introduction.aspx | archive-date=15 March 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Schistosomiasis | url=http://www.patient.info/doctor/schistosomiasis-pro | website=Patient.info | access-date=11 June 2014 | date=2 December 2013 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150626231520/http://patient.info/doctor/schistosomiasis-pro | archive-date=26 June 2015}}</ref> |image =Schistosomiasis itch.jpeg |image size = |image thumbtime = |alt = |caption =Skin blisters on the forearm, created by the entrance of ''Schistosoma'' parasites |pronounce ={{IPAc-en|ˌ|ʃ|ɪ|s|t|ə|s|ə|ˈ|m|aɪ|ə|s|ᵻ|s|, |-|t|oʊ|-|, |-|s|oʊ|-}}{{refn|{{cite web | url=https://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/schistosomiasis | title=schistosomiasis - definition of schistosomiasis in English from the Oxford dictionary | publisher=[[OxfordDictionaries.com]] | access-date=20 January 2016 | archive-date=19 November 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151119184949/http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/schistosomiasis | url-status=live }}}}{{refn|{{MerriamWebsterDictionary|schistosomiasis}}}} |field =[[Infectious disease (medical specialty)|Infectious disease]] |symptoms =[[Abdominal pain]], [[diarrhea]], [[blood in stool|bloody stool]], [[hematuria|blood in the urine]]<ref name=WHO2023/> |complications =[[Liver damage]], [[kidney failure]], [[infertility]], [[bladder cancer]]<ref name=WHO2014/> |onset = |duration = |types = |causes =[[Schistosome]]s from freshwater snails<ref name=WHO2023/> |risks = |diagnosis =Finding eggs of the parasite in urine or stool, [[antibodies]] in blood<ref name=WHO2023/> |differential = |prevention =Access to clean water, good sanitation, snail control<ref name=WHO2023/> |treatment = |medication =[[Praziquantel]]<ref name=WHO2014/> |prognosis = |frequency =252 million (2015)<ref name=GBD2015Pre/> |deaths =4,400–200,000<ref name=The2013/><ref name=GBD2015De/> |named after = }} '''Schistosomiasis''', izwi kandi nka '''fever y'ibiscuit''' na '''bilharzio''',<ref>{{Cite journal|vauthors=Colley DG, Bustinduy AL, Secor WE, King CH|title=Human schistosomiasis|journal=Lancet|volume=383|issue=9936|pages=2253–64|date=June 2014|pmid=24698483|pmc=4672382|doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(13)61949-2|url=http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(13)61949-2/abstract|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140829010728/http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(13)61949-2/abstract|archive-date=2014-08-29}}</ref> ni indwara iterwa n'inzoka zo mu bwoko bwa parasites zitwa schistosomes.<ref name="WHO2023">{{Cite web|title=Schistosomiasis|url=https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/schistosomiasis|website=www.who.int|publisher=World Health Organization|access-date=27 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231127060551/https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/schistosomiasis|archive-date=27 November 2023|language=en|date=1 February 2023}}</ref> Uduce tw'inkari cyangwa amara bishobora kuba byaranduye.<ref name="WHO2023" /> Ibimenyetso birimo kubabara mu nda, [[impiswi]], umwanda uri kuva amaraso, cyangwa amaraso mu nkari.<ref name="WHO2014" /> Abantu bamaze igihe kinini banduye bashobora kwangirika k'umwijima, [[Kunanirwa kw'impyiko|impyiko zinanirwa gukora neza]], ubugumba, cyangwa [[kanseri y'uruhago]].<ref name="WHO2023" /> Ku bana, bishobora gutera imikurire mibi no kugorwa no kwiga.<ref name="WHO2014">{{Cite web|title=Schistosomiasis Fact sheet N°115|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs115/en|publisher=World Health Organization|access-date=15 March 2014|date=3 February 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140312203924/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs115/en/|archive-date=12 March 2014}}</ref> Iyi ndwara ikwirakwira iyo ikoze mu mazi meza yanduye udukoko.<ref name="WHO2014" /> Izi parasite zikurwa mu bishwi byo mu mazi yanduye.<ref name="WHO2014" /> Iyi ndwara ikunze kugaragara cyane mu bana bo mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere, kuko bakunda gukinira mu mazi yanduye.<ref name="WHO2014" /> Andi matsinda y’abantu bashobora guhura n’akaga gakomeye arimo abahinzi, abarobyi, n’abantu bakoresha amazi mabi mu buzima bwa buri munsi.<ref name="WHO2014" /> Iri mu itsinda ry'indwara za helminth.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Chapter 3 Infectious Diseases Related To Travel|url=http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2014/chapter-3-infectious-diseases-related-to-travel/schistosomiasis|publisher=cdc.gov|access-date=30 November 2014|date=1 August 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402165447/http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2014/chapter-3-infectious-diseases-related-to-travel/schistosomiasis|archive-date=2 April 2015}}</ref> Gusuzuma ni ugusanga amagi y'udukoko mu nkari cyangwa mu mwanda w'umuntu.<ref name="WHO2014" /> Bishobora kandi kwemezwa no kubona uturemangingo dutera indwara mu maraso.<ref name="WHO2014" /> Uburyo bwo kwirinda iyi ndwara burimo kunoza uburyo bwo kubona amazi meza no kugabanya umubare w'ibishwi.<ref name="WHO2014" /> Mu turere aho iyi ndwara ikunze kugaragara, umuti wa praziquantel ushobora gutangwa rimwe mu mwaka ku itsinda ryose.<ref name="WHO2014" /> Ibi bikorwa kugira ngo hagabanuke umubare w'abandura, bityo bigabanye ikwirakwira ry'iyi ndwara.<ref name="WHO2014" /> Praziquantel ni uburyo bwo kuvura busabwa n'Umuryango [[WHO|w'Abibumbye wita ku Buzima]] ku bantu bazwiho kwandura.<ref name="WHO2014" /> Schistosomiasis yibasiwe n’abantu bagera kuri miliyoni 252 ku isi yose mu 2015.<ref name="GBD2015Pre">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Vos T, Allen C, Arora M, Barber RM, Bhutta ZA, Brown A, etal|title=Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015|journal=Lancet|volume=388|issue=10053|pages=1545–1602|date=October 2016|pmid=27733282|pmc=5055577|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6}}</ref> Abantu babarirwa hagati ya 4.400 na 200.000 bapfa bazize iyo ndwara buri mwaka.<ref name="The2013">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Thétiot-Laurent SA, Boissier J, Robert A, Meunier B|title=Schistosomiasis chemotherapy|journal=Angewandte Chemie|volume=52|issue=31|pages=7936–56|date=July 2013|pmid=23813602|doi=10.1002/anie.201208390}}</ref><ref name="GBD2015De">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Vos T, Allen C, Arora M, Barber RM, Bhutta ZA, Brown A, etal|title=Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015|journal=Lancet|volume=388|issue=10053|pages=1459–1544|date=October 2016|pmid=27733281|pmc=5388903|doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(16)31012-1}}</ref> Iyi ndwara ikunze kuboneka muri Afurika, Aziya na Amerika y'Epfo.<ref name="WHO2014" /> Abantu bagera kuri miliyoni 700, mu bihugu birenga 70, baba mu turere tugaragaramo iyi ndwara.<ref name="The2013" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=Schistosomiasis A major public health problem|url=http://www.who.int/schistosomiasis/en|publisher=World Health Organization|access-date=15 March 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140405213018/http://www.who.int/schistosomiasis/en/|archive-date=5 April 2014}}</ref> Mu bihugu bishyuha, indwara ya schistosomiasis iza ku mwanya wa kabiri nyuma ya [[Marariya|malariya]] mu ndwara ziterwa n’udukoko zigira ingaruka zikomeye mu bukungu.<ref name="SCP">{{Cite web|last=The Carter Center|title=Schistosomiasis Control Program|url=http://www.cartercenter.org/health/schistosomiasis/index.html|access-date=17 July 2008|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080720091015/http://cartercenter.org/health/schistosomiasis/index.html|archive-date=20 July 2008}}</ref> Schistosomiasis igaragara nk'indwara yibasirwa n'iy'ubushyuhe.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Neglected Tropical Diseases|url=https://www.cdc.gov/globalhealth/ntd/diseases/index.html|publisher=cdc.gov|access-date=28 November 2014|date=6 June 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141204084219/http://www.cdc.gov/globalhealth/ntd/diseases/index.html|archive-date=4 December 2014}}</ref> == Iriburiro == <references /> jim7uacoly9ccwnddj6erdz03181efp 148835 148834 2026-11-04T10:05:31Z Stevenndori289 10902 Schistosomiasis 148835 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Schistosomiasis in a child 2.jpg|thumb|Schistosomiasis]] '''Schistosomiasis''', izwi kandi nka '''fever y'ibiscuit''' na '''bilharzio''',<ref>{{Cite journal|vauthors=Colley DG, Bustinduy AL, Secor WE, King CH|title=Human schistosomiasis|journal=Lancet|volume=383|issue=9936|pages=2253–64|date=June 2014|pmid=24698483|pmc=4672382|doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(13)61949-2|url=http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(13)61949-2/abstract|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140829010728/http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(13)61949-2/abstract|archive-date=2014-08-29}}</ref> ni indwara iterwa n'inzoka zo mu bwoko bwa parasites zitwa schistosomes.<ref name="WHO2023">{{Cite web|title=Schistosomiasis|url=https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/schistosomiasis|website=www.who.int|publisher=World Health Organization|access-date=27 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231127060551/https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/schistosomiasis|archive-date=27 November 2023|language=en|date=1 February 2023}}</ref> Uduce tw'inkari cyangwa amara bishobora kuba byaranduye.<ref name="WHO2023" /> Ibimenyetso birimo kubabara mu nda, [[impiswi]], umwanda uri kuva amaraso, cyangwa amaraso mu nkari.<ref name="WHO2014" /> Abantu bamaze igihe kinini banduye bashobora kwangirika k'umwijima, [[Kunanirwa kw'impyiko|impyiko zinanirwa gukora neza]], ubugumba, cyangwa [[kanseri y'uruhago]].<ref name="WHO2023" /> Ku bana, bishobora gutera imikurire mibi no kugorwa no kwiga.<ref name="WHO2014">{{Cite web|title=Schistosomiasis Fact sheet N°115|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs115/en|publisher=World Health Organization|access-date=15 March 2014|date=3 February 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140312203924/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs115/en/|archive-date=12 March 2014}}</ref> Iyi ndwara ikwirakwira iyo ikoze mu mazi meza yanduye udukoko.<ref name="WHO2014" /> Izi parasite zikurwa mu bishwi byo mu mazi yanduye.<ref name="WHO2014" /> Iyi ndwara ikunze kugaragara cyane mu bana bo mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere, kuko bakunda gukinira mu mazi yanduye.<ref name="WHO2014" /> Andi matsinda y’abantu bashobora guhura n’akaga gakomeye arimo abahinzi, abarobyi, n’abantu bakoresha amazi mabi mu buzima bwa buri munsi.<ref name="WHO2014" /> Iri mu itsinda ry'indwara za helminth.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Chapter 3 Infectious Diseases Related To Travel|url=http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2014/chapter-3-infectious-diseases-related-to-travel/schistosomiasis|publisher=cdc.gov|access-date=30 November 2014|date=1 August 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402165447/http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2014/chapter-3-infectious-diseases-related-to-travel/schistosomiasis|archive-date=2 April 2015}}</ref> Gusuzuma ni ugusanga amagi y'udukoko mu nkari cyangwa mu mwanda w'umuntu.<ref name="WHO2014" /> Bishobora kandi kwemezwa no kubona uturemangingo dutera indwara mu maraso.<ref name="WHO2014" /> Uburyo bwo kwirinda iyi ndwara burimo kunoza uburyo bwo kubona amazi meza no kugabanya umubare w'ibishwi.<ref name="WHO2014" /> Mu turere aho iyi ndwara ikunze kugaragara, umuti wa praziquantel ushobora gutangwa rimwe mu mwaka ku itsinda ryose.<ref name="WHO2014" /> Ibi bikorwa kugira ngo hagabanuke umubare w'abandura, bityo bigabanye ikwirakwira ry'iyi ndwara.<ref name="WHO2014" /> Praziquantel ni uburyo bwo kuvura busabwa n'Umuryango [[WHO|w'Abibumbye wita ku Buzima]] ku bantu bazwiho kwandura.<ref name="WHO2014" /> Schistosomiasis yibasiwe n’abantu bagera kuri miliyoni 252 ku isi yose mu 2015.<ref name="GBD2015Pre">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Vos T, Allen C, Arora M, Barber RM, Bhutta ZA, Brown A, etal|title=Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015|journal=Lancet|volume=388|issue=10053|pages=1545–1602|date=October 2016|pmid=27733282|pmc=5055577|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6}}</ref> Abantu babarirwa hagati ya 4.400 na 200.000 bapfa bazize iyo ndwara buri mwaka.<ref name="The2013">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Thétiot-Laurent SA, Boissier J, Robert A, Meunier B|title=Schistosomiasis chemotherapy|journal=Angewandte Chemie|volume=52|issue=31|pages=7936–56|date=July 2013|pmid=23813602|doi=10.1002/anie.201208390}}</ref><ref name="GBD2015De">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Vos T, Allen C, Arora M, Barber RM, Bhutta ZA, Brown A, etal|title=Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015|journal=Lancet|volume=388|issue=10053|pages=1459–1544|date=October 2016|pmid=27733281|pmc=5388903|doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(16)31012-1}}</ref> Iyi ndwara ikunze kuboneka muri Afurika, Aziya na Amerika y'Epfo.<ref name="WHO2014" /> Abantu bagera kuri miliyoni 700, mu bihugu birenga 70, baba mu turere tugaragaramo iyi ndwara.<ref name="The2013" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=Schistosomiasis A major public health problem|url=http://www.who.int/schistosomiasis/en|publisher=World Health Organization|access-date=15 March 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140405213018/http://www.who.int/schistosomiasis/en/|archive-date=5 April 2014}}</ref> Mu bihugu bishyuha, indwara ya schistosomiasis iza ku mwanya wa kabiri nyuma ya [[Marariya|malariya]] mu ndwara ziterwa n’udukoko zigira ingaruka zikomeye mu bukungu.<ref name="SCP">{{Cite web|last=The Carter Center|title=Schistosomiasis Control Program|url=http://www.cartercenter.org/health/schistosomiasis/index.html|access-date=17 July 2008|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080720091015/http://cartercenter.org/health/schistosomiasis/index.html|archive-date=20 July 2008}}</ref> Schistosomiasis igaragara nk'indwara yibasirwa n'iy'ubushyuhe.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Neglected Tropical Diseases|url=https://www.cdc.gov/globalhealth/ntd/diseases/index.html|publisher=cdc.gov|access-date=28 November 2014|date=6 June 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141204084219/http://www.cdc.gov/globalhealth/ntd/diseases/index.html|archive-date=4 December 2014}}</ref> == Iriburiro == <references /> c8kc3euxfuitvw6ps4x8z0hwtsrlsi7 0 23975 148836 2026-11-04T10:06:47Z Stevenndori289 10902 Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1462033|Uremia]] to:rw #mdwikicx 148836 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition |name =Uremia |synonym =Uraemia, uremic syndrome |image =Uremic frost on forehead and scalp of young Afro-Caribbean male.jpg |image size = |image thumbtime = |alt = |caption =[[Uremic frost]] present on the head of a young man who presented with a [[blood urea nitrogen]] of 100 mg/dL and serum [[creatinine]] of 50 mg/dL. |pronounce = |field =[[Nephrology]] |symptoms =Tiredness, nausea, loss of appetite, muscle cramps, itchiness, [[restless leg syndrome]], confusion, urine-like smell to the breath<ref name=Stat2020/><ref name=Mey2007/> |complications =[[Subdural hematoma]]s, [[uremic pericarditis|pericarditis]], [[pulmonary edema]]<ref name=Stat2020/> |onset = |duration = |types = |causes =[[acute kidney failure|Acute]] or [[chronic kidney failure]]<ref name=Stat2020/> |risks = |diagnosis =Based on symptoms and poor kidney function<ref name=Stat2020/> |differential = |prevention = |treatment =[[Dialysis]], [[kidney transplant]]<ref name=Stat2020/> |medication = |prognosis =Poor without treatment<ref name=Stat2020/> |frequency = |deaths = |named after = }} '''Uremia''' ni itsinda ry'ibimenyetso bituruka ku [[Kunanirwa kw'impyiko|mikorere mibi y'impyiko]].<ref name="Stat2020">{{Cite journal|last=Zemaitis|first=MR|last2=Foris|first2=LA|last3=Katta|first3=S|last4=Bashir|first4=K|title=Uremia|date=January 2020|pmid=28722889|journal=StatPearls}}</ref> Ibi bimenyetso bishobora kuba birimo umunaniro, isesemi, kubura ubushake bwo kurya, kuribwa mu mitsi, gushyuha, indwara yo kuruhuka mu maguru, urujijo, cyangwa impumuro y'inkari mu mwuka.<ref name="Stat2020" /><ref name="Mey2007">{{Cite journal|last=Meyer TW|last2=Hostetter, TH|title=Uremia|journal=N Engl J Med|volume=357|issue=13|pages=1316–25|year=2007|pmid=17898101|doi=10.1056/NEJMra071313}}</ref> Ingorane zikomeye zishobora kuba zirimo hematoma zo mu gice cy'imbere cy'umutima, pericarditis, cyangwa [[Kubyimba kw'ibihaha|edema y'ibihaha]].<ref name="Stat2020" /> Iyi ndwara ishobora guterwa no kunanirwa kw'impyiko mu buryo butunguranye cyangwa budakira.<ref name="Stat2020" /> Ibi bishobora guterwa na diyabete, umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso, stenosis y'imitsi y'impyiko, hemolytic uremic syndrome, IgA nephropathy, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, cyangwa indwara y'impyiko ya polycystic.<ref name="Stat2020" /> Uburyo bw'ibanze burimo kwegeranya imyanda isanzwe ikurwamo n'impyiko.<ref name="Mey2007" /> Ibimenyetso bya Uremike bikunze kubaho gusa iyo igipimo cyo kuyungurura glomerular (GFR) kiri munsi ya 15 mL/umunota.<ref name="Stat2020" /> Nubwo ibimenyetso bike bishobora kugaragara kuri GFR hafi y’ibisanzwe.<ref name="Mey2007" /> Ubusanzwe ubuvuzi bwa mbere bukorwa hakoreshejwe dialyse.<ref name="Stat2020" /> Imiti itera imbaraga mu mikorere y’amaraso ishobora gukoreshwa ku bantu bafite [[Anemie|uturemangingo dutukura duke]] kandi indyo nke ya potasiyumu ishobora kuba isabwa.<ref name="Stat2020" /> Ibi bishobora gukurikirwa no gusimbuzwa impyiko.<ref name="Stat2020" /> Hatabayeho kuvurwa, ingaruka ziba mbi.<ref name="Stat2020" /> Inshuro uremia igaragara ntabwo zirasobanutse neza kuko abantu benshi batangira gukora dialyse mbere yuko imikorere y'impyiko igabanuka kugeza ku rugero rusabwa kugira ngo iboneke.<ref name="Stat2020" /> Ijambo "uremia" risobanura "inkari mu maraso".<ref name="Stat2020" /> Nubwo bwa mbere yakoreshwaga ku bimenyetso byose biterwa no kunanirwa kw'impyiko, kuva mu myaka ya 2000 yakoreshwaga cyane kuri ibyo bimenyetso atari ukubera amazi menshi, imikorere mibi ya electrolyte, cyangwa uturemangingo dutukura duke.<ref name="Mey2007" /> Iyi ndwara yasobanuwe bwa mbere mu 1836 na Richard Bright.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Tilney|first=Nicholas L.|title=Transplant: From Myth to Reality|date=2003|publisher=Yale University Press|isbn=978-0-300-09963-8|page=46|url=https://www.google.ca/books/edition/Transplant/K2XtU-b3UBwC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Uremia+first+described+hippocrates&pg=PA46|language=en|access-date=2020-11-25|archive-date=2021-08-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210827173245/https://www.google.ca/books/edition/Transplant/K2XtU-b3UBwC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Uremia+first+described+hippocrates&pg=PA46|url-status=live}}</ref> == Iriburiro == <references /> 1kie9bw5sqkkdztuvb8t9o2csh53plo 148837 148836 2026-11-04T10:07:43Z Stevenndori289 10902 Uremie 148837 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Harnstoff.svg|thumb|Uremie]] '''Uremia''' ni itsinda ry'ibimenyetso bituruka ku [[Kunanirwa kw'impyiko|mikorere mibi y'impyiko]].<ref name="Stat2020">{{Cite journal|last=Zemaitis|first=MR|last2=Foris|first2=LA|last3=Katta|first3=S|last4=Bashir|first4=K|title=Uremia|date=January 2020|pmid=28722889|journal=StatPearls}}</ref> Ibi bimenyetso bishobora kuba birimo umunaniro, isesemi, kubura ubushake bwo kurya, kuribwa mu mitsi, gushyuha, indwara yo kuruhuka mu maguru, urujijo, cyangwa impumuro y'inkari mu mwuka.<ref name="Stat2020" /><ref name="Mey2007">{{Cite journal|last=Meyer TW|last2=Hostetter, TH|title=Uremia|journal=N Engl J Med|volume=357|issue=13|pages=1316–25|year=2007|pmid=17898101|doi=10.1056/NEJMra071313}}</ref> Ingorane zikomeye zishobora kuba zirimo hematoma zo mu gice cy'imbere cy'umutima, pericarditis, cyangwa [[Kubyimba kw'ibihaha|edema y'ibihaha]].<ref name="Stat2020" /> Iyi ndwara ishobora guterwa no kunanirwa kw'impyiko mu buryo butunguranye cyangwa budakira.<ref name="Stat2020" /> Ibi bishobora guterwa na diyabete, umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso, stenosis y'imitsi y'impyiko, hemolytic uremic syndrome, IgA nephropathy, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, cyangwa indwara y'impyiko ya polycystic.<ref name="Stat2020" /> Uburyo bw'ibanze burimo kwegeranya imyanda isanzwe ikurwamo n'impyiko.<ref name="Mey2007" /> Ibimenyetso bya Uremike bikunze kubaho gusa iyo igipimo cyo kuyungurura glomerular (GFR) kiri munsi ya 15 mL/umunota.<ref name="Stat2020" /> Nubwo ibimenyetso bike bishobora kugaragara kuri GFR hafi y’ibisanzwe.<ref name="Mey2007" /> Ubusanzwe ubuvuzi bwa mbere bukorwa hakoreshejwe dialyse.<ref name="Stat2020" /> Imiti itera imbaraga mu mikorere y’amaraso ishobora gukoreshwa ku bantu bafite [[Anemie|uturemangingo dutukura duke]] kandi indyo nke ya potasiyumu ishobora kuba isabwa.<ref name="Stat2020" /> Ibi bishobora gukurikirwa no gusimbuzwa impyiko.<ref name="Stat2020" /> Hatabayeho kuvurwa, ingaruka ziba mbi.<ref name="Stat2020" /> Inshuro uremia igaragara ntabwo zirasobanutse neza kuko abantu benshi batangira gukora dialyse mbere yuko imikorere y'impyiko igabanuka kugeza ku rugero rusabwa kugira ngo iboneke.<ref name="Stat2020" /> Ijambo "uremia" risobanura "inkari mu maraso".<ref name="Stat2020" /> Nubwo bwa mbere yakoreshwaga ku bimenyetso byose biterwa no kunanirwa kw'impyiko, kuva mu myaka ya 2000 yakoreshwaga cyane kuri ibyo bimenyetso atari ukubera amazi menshi, imikorere mibi ya electrolyte, cyangwa uturemangingo dutukura duke.<ref name="Mey2007" /> Iyi ndwara yasobanuwe bwa mbere mu 1836 na Richard Bright.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Tilney|first=Nicholas L.|title=Transplant: From Myth to Reality|date=2003|publisher=Yale University Press|isbn=978-0-300-09963-8|page=46|url=https://www.google.ca/books/edition/Transplant/K2XtU-b3UBwC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Uremia+first+described+hippocrates&pg=PA46|language=en|access-date=2020-11-25|archive-date=2021-08-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210827173245/https://www.google.ca/books/edition/Transplant/K2XtU-b3UBwC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Uremia+first+described+hippocrates&pg=PA46|url-status=live}}</ref> == Iriburiro == <references /> 6ev1q1mry44qrxnb45c4mgp21z9b3x7 0 23976 148838 2026-11-04T10:08:56Z Stevenndori289 10902 Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1504554|Potassium iodide]] to:rw #mdwikicx 148838 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Iyode ya potasiyumu''' ni imvange y'ibinyabutabire, imiti, n'inyongeramusaruro mu mirire.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Council|first=National Research|last2=Studies|first2=Division on Earth and Life|last3=Research|first3=Board on Radiation Effects|last4=Incident|first4=Committee to Assess the Distribution and Administration of Potassium Iodide in the Event of a Nuclear|title=Distribution and Administration of Potassium Iodide in the Event of a Nuclear Incident|date=2004|publisher=National Academies Press|isbn=9780309090988|page=10|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=QcWbAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT24|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170918183801/https://books.google.ca/books?id=QcWbAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT24|archive-date=2017-09-18}} </ref><ref name="St2002">{{Cite book|last=Stwertka|first=Albert|title=A Guide to the Elements|date=2002|publisher=Oxford University Press, USA|isbn=9780195150261|page=137|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=JVktsSClpVcC&pg=PA137|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170914035401/https://books.google.ca/books?id=JVktsSClpVcC&pg=PA137|archive-date=2017-09-14}} </ref> Nk'umuti ukoreshwa mu kuvura hyperthyroidism, mu bihe byihutirwa by'imirasire, no kurinda ingirabuzimafatizo ya tiroyide iyo hakoreshejwe ubwoko bumwe na bumwe bw'imiti ikoresha radiopharmaceuticals.<ref name="AHFS2017" /> Mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere, ikoreshwa kandi mu kuvura indwara z'uruhu ziterwa na sporotrichosis na phycomycosis.<ref name="AHFS2017" /><ref name="WHO2008">{{Cite book|title=WHO Model Formulary 2008|year=2009|isbn=9789241547659|vauthors=((World Health Organization))|veditors=Stuart MC, Kouimtzi M, Hill SR|hdl=10665/44053|author-link=World Health Organization|publisher=World Health Organization|page=390}}</ref> Nk'inyongera ikoreshwa ku bantu bafite iyode nke mu ndyo.<ref name="St2002" /> Bitangwa n'umunwa.<ref name="AHFS2017">{{Cite web|title=Potassium Iodide|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/potassium-iodide.html|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|access-date=8 January 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170116192447/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/potassium-iodide.html|archive-date=16 January 2017}} </ref> Ingaruka zikunze kugaragara zirimo kuruka, impiswi, kubabara mu nda, kubyimba kw'uturemangingo tw'amacandwe no kubyimba kw'uturemangingo tw'amacandwe.<ref name="AHFS2017" /> Izindi ngaruka mbi zirimo [[Allergique|ingaruka z'ubwivumbure]], [[Umutwe|kuribwa umutwe]], guterwa n'indwara ya goiter, no [[Indwara y'agahinda|kwiheba]].<ref name="WHO2008" /> Nubwo kuyikoresha mu gihe cyo [[Imihango y'umugore utwite|gutwita]] bishobora kwangiza umwana, kuyikoresha birasabwa mu gihe cy’ibibazo by’imirasire.<ref name="AHFS2017" /> Iyode ya potasiyumu ifite formula ya K I.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Ensminger|first=Marion Eugene|last2=Ensminger|first2=Audrey H.|title=Foods & Nutrition Encyclopedia, Two Volume Set|date=1993|publisher=CRC Press|isbn=9780849389801|page=16|edition=s|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=XMA9gYIj-C4C&pg=PA16|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170813144519/https://books.google.ca/books?id=XMA9gYIj-C4C&pg=PA16|archive-date=2017-08-13}} </ref> Mu bucuruzi ikorwa mu kuvanga potasiyumu hidroksidi na iyode.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Kaiho|first=Tatsuo|title=Iodine Chemistry and Applications|date=2014|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=9781118878651|page=57|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=tWrIBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA57|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170813150814/https://books.google.ca/books?id=tWrIBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA57|archive-date=2017-08-13}} </ref> Iyode ya potasiyumu yakoreshejwe mu buvuzi kuva nibura mu 1820.<ref name="Or2012">{{Cite book|last=Oriel|first=J. David|title=The Scars of Venus: A History of Venereology|date=2012|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=9781447120681|page=87|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=SevjBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA87|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170914035359/https://books.google.ca/books?id=SevjBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA87|archive-date=2017-09-14}} </ref> Iri ku rutonde rw'imiti y'ingenzi y'Umuryango w'Abibumbye wita ku Buzima.<ref name="WHO21st">{{Cite book|vauthors=((World Health Organization))|title=World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019|year=2019|hdl=10665/325771|author-link=World Health Organization|publisher=World Health Organization|location=Geneva|id=WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO}}</ref> Iyode ya potasiyumu iboneka nk'umuti usanzwe kandi ugurishwa ku giciro cya muganga.<ref name="Ric2015" /> Muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, uburyo bwo kuvura buri munsi y'amadolari ya Amerika 25.<ref name="Ric2015">{{Cite book|last=Hamilton|first=Richart|title=Tarascon Pocket Pharmacopoeia 2015 Deluxe Lab-Coat Edition|date=2015|publisher=Jones & Bartlett Learning|isbn=9781284057560|page=224}}</ref> Iyode ya potasiyumu ikoreshwa kandi mu gushyiramo iyode mu munyu.<ref name="St2002" /> == Iriburiro == <references /> n0h1kduj6gpdenv59ymbaq94ocsb7h1 148839 148838 2026-11-04T10:11:33Z Stevenndori289 10902 Iyode ya potasiyumu 148839 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Potassium-iodide-3D-ionic.png|thumb|Iyode ya potasiyumu]] '''Iyode ya potasiyumu''' ni imvange y'ibinyabutabire, imiti, n'inyongeramusaruro mu mirire.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Council|first=National Research|last2=Studies|first2=Division on Earth and Life|last3=Research|first3=Board on Radiation Effects|last4=Incident|first4=Committee to Assess the Distribution and Administration of Potassium Iodide in the Event of a Nuclear|title=Distribution and Administration of Potassium Iodide in the Event of a Nuclear Incident|date=2004|publisher=National Academies Press|isbn=9780309090988|page=10|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=QcWbAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT24|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170918183801/https://books.google.ca/books?id=QcWbAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT24|archive-date=2017-09-18}} </ref><ref name="St2002">{{Cite book|last=Stwertka|first=Albert|title=A Guide to the Elements|date=2002|publisher=Oxford University Press, USA|isbn=9780195150261|page=137|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=JVktsSClpVcC&pg=PA137|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170914035401/https://books.google.ca/books?id=JVktsSClpVcC&pg=PA137|archive-date=2017-09-14}} </ref> Nk'umuti ukoreshwa mu kuvura hyperthyroidism, mu bihe byihutirwa by'imirasire, no kurinda ingirabuzimafatizo ya tiroyide iyo hakoreshejwe ubwoko bumwe na bumwe bw'imiti ikoresha radiopharmaceuticals.<ref name="AHFS2017" /> Mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere, ikoreshwa kandi mu kuvura indwara z'uruhu ziterwa na sporotrichosis na phycomycosis.<ref name="AHFS2017" /><ref name="WHO2008">{{Cite book|title=WHO Model Formulary 2008|year=2009|isbn=9789241547659|vauthors=((World Health Organization))|veditors=Stuart MC, Kouimtzi M, Hill SR|hdl=10665/44053|author-link=World Health Organization|publisher=World Health Organization|page=390}}</ref> Nk'inyongera ikoreshwa ku bantu bafite iyode nke mu ndyo.<ref name="St2002" /> Bitangwa n'umunwa.<ref name="AHFS2017">{{Cite web|title=Potassium Iodide|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/potassium-iodide.html|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|access-date=8 January 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170116192447/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/potassium-iodide.html|archive-date=16 January 2017}} </ref> Ingaruka zikunze kugaragara zirimo kuruka, impiswi, kubabara mu nda, kubyimba kw'uturemangingo tw'amacandwe no kubyimba kw'uturemangingo tw'amacandwe.<ref name="AHFS2017" /> Izindi ngaruka mbi zirimo [[Allergique|ingaruka z'ubwivumbure]], [[Umutwe|kuribwa umutwe]], guterwa n'indwara ya goiter, no [[Indwara y'agahinda|kwiheba]].<ref name="WHO2008" /> Nubwo kuyikoresha mu gihe cyo [[Imihango y'umugore utwite|gutwita]] bishobora kwangiza umwana, kuyikoresha birasabwa mu gihe cy’ibibazo by’imirasire.<ref name="AHFS2017" /> Iyode ya potasiyumu ifite formula ya K I.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Ensminger|first=Marion Eugene|last2=Ensminger|first2=Audrey H.|title=Foods & Nutrition Encyclopedia, Two Volume Set|date=1993|publisher=CRC Press|isbn=9780849389801|page=16|edition=s|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=XMA9gYIj-C4C&pg=PA16|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170813144519/https://books.google.ca/books?id=XMA9gYIj-C4C&pg=PA16|archive-date=2017-08-13}} </ref> Mu bucuruzi ikorwa mu kuvanga potasiyumu hidroksidi na iyode.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Kaiho|first=Tatsuo|title=Iodine Chemistry and Applications|date=2014|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=9781118878651|page=57|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=tWrIBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA57|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170813150814/https://books.google.ca/books?id=tWrIBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA57|archive-date=2017-08-13}} </ref> Iyode ya potasiyumu yakoreshejwe mu buvuzi kuva nibura mu 1820.<ref name="Or2012">{{Cite book|last=Oriel|first=J. David|title=The Scars of Venus: A History of Venereology|date=2012|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=9781447120681|page=87|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=SevjBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA87|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170914035359/https://books.google.ca/books?id=SevjBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA87|archive-date=2017-09-14}} </ref> Iri ku rutonde rw'imiti y'ingenzi y'Umuryango w'Abibumbye wita ku Buzima.<ref name="WHO21st">{{Cite book|vauthors=((World Health Organization))|title=World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019|year=2019|hdl=10665/325771|author-link=World Health Organization|publisher=World Health Organization|location=Geneva|id=WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO}}</ref> Iyode ya potasiyumu iboneka nk'umuti usanzwe kandi ugurishwa ku giciro cya muganga.<ref name="Ric2015" /> Muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, uburyo bwo kuvura buri munsi y'amadolari ya Amerika 25.<ref name="Ric2015">{{Cite book|last=Hamilton|first=Richart|title=Tarascon Pocket Pharmacopoeia 2015 Deluxe Lab-Coat Edition|date=2015|publisher=Jones & Bartlett Learning|isbn=9781284057560|page=224}}</ref> Iyode ya potasiyumu ikoreshwa kandi mu gushyiramo iyode mu munyu.<ref name="St2002" /> == Iriburiro == <references /> clwc4ap7xl4uoj1u82kqscz01lo0wty 148871 148839 2026-11-04T11:33:38Z Score Beethoven 11559 148871 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox drug | image = Potassium iodide.jpg | width = 200 | caption = Imiterere ya molekile ya Iyode ya potasiyumu | tradename = Iosat, Thyrosafe n'indi | routes_of_administration = Mu kanwa | CAS_number = 7681-11-0 | ATC_prefix = R05 | ATC_suffix = CA02 | PubChem = 4875 | DrugBank = DB06715 | I = 1 | K = 1 }} '''Iyode ya potasiyumu''' ni imvange y'ibinyabutabire, imiti, n'inyongeramusaruro mu mirire. == Ikoreshwa == [[Dosiye:Potassium-iodide-3D-ionic.png|thumb|left|Iyode ya potasiyumu]] Iyode ya potasiyumu ni imvange y'ibinyabutabire, imiti, n'inyongeramusaruro mu mirire.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Council|first=National Research|last2=Studies|first2=Division on Earth and Life|last3=Research|first3=Board on Radiation Effects|last4=Incident|first4=Committee to Assess the Distribution and Administration of Potassium Iodide in the Event of a Nuclear|title=Distribution and Administration of Potassium Iodide in the Event of a Nuclear Incident|date=2004|publisher=National Academies Press|isbn=9780309090988|page=10|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=QcWbAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT24|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170918183801/https://books.google.ca/books?id=QcWbAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT24|archive-date=2017-09-18}}</ref><ref name="St2002">{{Cite book|last=Stwertka|first=Albert|title=A Guide to the Elements|date=2002|publisher=Oxford University Press, USA|isbn=9780195150261|page=137|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=JVktsSClpVcC&pg=PA137|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170914035401/https://books.google.ca/books?id=JVktsSClpVcC&pg=PA137|archive-date=2017-09-14}}</ref> Nk'umuti ukoreshwa mu kuvura hyperthyroidism, mu bihe byihutirwa by'imirasire, no kurinda ingirabuzimafatizo ya tiroyide iyo hakoreshejwe ubwoko bumwe na bumwe bw'imiti ikoresha radiopharmaceuticals.<ref name="AHFS2017" /> Mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere, ikoreshwa kandi mu kuvura indwara z'uruhu ziterwa na sporotrichosis na phycomycosis.<ref name="AHFS2017" /><ref name="WHO2008">{{Cite book|title=WHO Model Formulary 2008|year=2009|isbn=9789241547659|vauthors=((World Health Organization))|veditors=Stuart MC, Kouimtzi M, Hill SR|hdl=10665/44053|publisher=World Health Organization|page=390}}</ref> Nk'inyongera ikoreshwa ku bantu bafite iyode nke mu ndyo.<ref name="St2002" /> Bitangwa n'umunwa.<ref name="AHFS2017">{{Cite web|title=Potassium Iodide|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/potassium-iodide.html|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|access-date=8 January 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170116192447/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/potassium-iodide.html|archive-date=16 January 2017}}</ref> == Ingaruka mbi == Ingaruka zikunze kugaragara zirimo kuruka, impiswi, kubabara mu nda, no kubyimba kw'uturemangingo tw'amacandwe.<ref name="AHFS2017" /> Izindi ngaruka mbi zirimo [[Allergique|ingaruka z'ubwivumbure]], [[Umutwe|kuribwa umutwe]], guterwa n'indwara ya goiter, no [[Indwara y'agahinda|kwiheba]].<ref name="WHO2008" /> Nubwo kuyikoresha mu gihe cyo [[Imihango y'umugore utwite|gutwita]] bishobora kwangiza umwana, kuyikoresha birasabwa mu gihe cy’ibibazo by’imirasire.<ref name="AHFS2017" /> Iyode ya potasiyumu ifite formule ya KI.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Ensminger|first=Marion Eugene|last2=Ensminger|first2=Audrey H.|title=Foods & Nutrition Encyclopedia, Two Volume Set|date=1993|publisher=CRC Press|isbn=9780849389801|page=16|edition=s|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=XMA9gYIj-C4C&pg=PA16|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170813144519/https://books.google.ca/books?id=XMA9gYIj-C4C&pg=PA16|archive-date=2017-08-13}}</ref> Mu bucuruzi ikorwa mu kuvanga potasiyumu hidroksidi na iyode.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Kaiho|first=Tatsuo|title=Iodine Chemistry and Applications|date=2014|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=9781118878651|page=57|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=tWrIBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA57|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170813150814/https://books.google.ca/books?id=tWrIBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA57|archive-date=2017-08-13}}</ref> == Amateka == Iyode ya potasiyumu yakoreshejwe mu buvuzi kuva nibura mu 1820.<ref name="Or2012">{{Cite book|last=Oriel|first=J. David|title=The Scars of Venus: A History of Venereology|date=2012|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=9781447120681|page=87|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=SevjBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA87|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170914035359/https://books.google.ca/books?id=SevjBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA87|archive-date=2017-09-14}}</ref> Iri ku rutonde rw'imiti y'ingenzi y'[[WHO|Umuryango w'Abibumbye wita ku Buzima]].<ref name="WHO21st">{{Cite book|vauthors=((World Health Organization))|title=World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019|year=2019|hdl=10665/325771|publisher=World Health Organization|location=Geneva|id=WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO}}</ref> Iyode ya potasiyumu iboneka nk'umuti usanzwe kandi ugurishwa ku giciro cya muganga.<ref name="Ric2015" /> Muri [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika]], uburyo bwo kuvura buri munsi y'amadolari ya Amerika 25.<ref name="Ric2015">{{Cite book|last=Hamilton|first=Richart|title=Tarascon Pocket Pharmacopoeia 2015 Deluxe Lab-Coat Edition|date=2015|publisher=Jones & Bartlett Learning|isbn=9781284057560|page=224}}</ref> Iyode ya potasiyumu ikoreshwa kandi mu gushyiramo iyode mu munyu.<ref name="St2002" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Potassium iodide|Amafoto ajyanye na Iyode ya potasiyumu]] kuri Wikimedia Commons [[Ikiciro:Imiti]] [[Ikiciro:Ubuzima]] lwg9sql10vlepzv5fwu3aglaepstzn1 0 23977 148840 2026-11-04T10:14:54Z Stevenndori289 10902 Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1503330|Metamizole]] to:rw #mdwikicx 148840 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Metamizole''', izwi kandi nka '''dipyrone''', ni umuti ugabanya ububabare, ugabanya imitsi, kandi ugabanya umuriro . Ishobora gukoreshwa mu gihe indi miti idakora neza.<ref name="EU2021" /> Itangira vuba kandi ingaruka zimara amasaha 8.<ref name="Nik2012">{{Cite journal|last=Nikolova|first=Irina|last2=Tencheva|first2=Jasmina|last3=Voinikov|first3=Julian|last4=Petkova|first4=Valentina|last5=Benbasat|first5=Niko|last6=Danchev|first6=Nikolai|title=Metamizole: A Review Profile of a Well-Known “Forgotten” Drug. Part I: Pharmaceutical and Nonclinical Profile|journal=Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment|date=January 2012|volume=26|issue=6|pages=3329–3337|doi=10.5504/BBEQ.2012.0089}}</ref> Ishobora gutangwa mu kanwa, mu myanya ndangagitsina, cyangwa mu guterwa urushinge.<ref name="EU2021" /> Ingaruka mbi zikunze kugaragara zirimo gusinzira, kubabara mu nda, no kugira isesemi. Ingaruka mbi zikomeye zirimo [[Allergique|ingaruka z'ubwivumbure]], harimo na anaphylaxis, hamwe n'uturemangingo tw'umweru duke mu maraso.<ref name="JCP2019">{{Cite journal|last=Lutz|first=Mathias|title=Metamizole (Dipyrone) and the Liver: A Review of the Literature|journal=The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology|date=November 2019|volume=59|issue=11|pages=1433–1442|doi=10.1002/jcph.1512|pmid=31433499|doi-access=free}}</ref> Nubwo bisa nkaho ari byiza mu gihe cyo gutwita mu ntangiriro, hari impungenge ku gihe cyo gutwita mu nyuma. Ntibyemewe kuyikoresha mu gihe [[Konsa|cyo konsa]].<ref name="EU2021" /> Iri mu muryango w'imiti ya ampirone . Si opioid ; nubwo amakuru atandukanye ku bijyanye n'uko ari [[Umuti utari umuti urwanya ububyimbirwe|NSAID]].<ref name="Jas2014">{{Cite journal|last=Jasiecka|first=A|last2=Maślanka|first2=T|last3=Jaroszewski|first3=JJ|title=Pharmacological characteristics of metamizole.|journal=Polish journal of veterinary sciences|date=2014|volume=17|issue=1|pages=207-14|doi=10.2478/pjvs-2014-0030|pmid=24724493}}</ref><ref name="Nik2012" /> Metamizole yahawe uburenganzira bwo gukoresha imiti mu 1922, ikoreshwa bwa mbere mu buvuzi mu [[Ubudage|Budage]].<ref name="Fis2006">{{Cite book|last=Fischer|first=Jnos|last2=Ganellin|first2=C. Robin|title=Analogue-based Drug Discovery|date=2006|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=9783527607495|page=530|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FjKfqkaKkAAC&pg=PA530|language=en|access-date=2020-09-04|archive-date=2021-08-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210829150746/https://books.google.com/books?id=FjKfqkaKkAAC&pg=PA530|url-status=live}}</ref> Igurishwa ku mazina atandukanye y'ubucuruzi. Byari ukwimuka ku isoko mu bihugu byinshi, harimo Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika n'Ubwongereza, mu myaka ya za 1960 na 70 bitewe n'ingaruka mbi.<ref name="Aron2009" /> Nubwo ikiri kuboneka mu bice bimwe na bimwe by'i [[Burayi]] no mu bihugu biri mu nzira y'amajyambere kuva mu 2019. == Iriburiro == <references /> p2egubbdn9hnizx6lptvhubbcvi50fx 148841 148840 2026-11-04T10:15:49Z Stevenndori289 10902 Metamizole 148841 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Metamizole 500mg-1ml vials yellow background.jpg|thumb|Metamizole]] '''Metamizole''', izwi kandi nka '''dipyrone''', ni umuti ugabanya ububabare, ugabanya imitsi, kandi ugabanya umuriro . Ishobora gukoreshwa mu gihe indi miti idakora neza.<ref name="EU2021" /> Itangira vuba kandi ingaruka zimara amasaha 8.<ref name="Nik2012">{{Cite journal|last=Nikolova|first=Irina|last2=Tencheva|first2=Jasmina|last3=Voinikov|first3=Julian|last4=Petkova|first4=Valentina|last5=Benbasat|first5=Niko|last6=Danchev|first6=Nikolai|title=Metamizole: A Review Profile of a Well-Known “Forgotten” Drug. Part I: Pharmaceutical and Nonclinical Profile|journal=Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment|date=January 2012|volume=26|issue=6|pages=3329–3337|doi=10.5504/BBEQ.2012.0089}}</ref> Ishobora gutangwa mu kanwa, mu myanya ndangagitsina, cyangwa mu guterwa urushinge.<ref name="EU2021" /> Ingaruka mbi zikunze kugaragara zirimo gusinzira, kubabara mu nda, no kugira isesemi. Ingaruka mbi zikomeye zirimo [[Allergique|ingaruka z'ubwivumbure]], harimo na anaphylaxis, hamwe n'uturemangingo tw'umweru duke mu maraso.<ref name="JCP2019">{{Cite journal|last=Lutz|first=Mathias|title=Metamizole (Dipyrone) and the Liver: A Review of the Literature|journal=The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology|date=November 2019|volume=59|issue=11|pages=1433–1442|doi=10.1002/jcph.1512|pmid=31433499|doi-access=free}}</ref> Nubwo bisa nkaho ari byiza mu gihe cyo gutwita mu ntangiriro, hari impungenge ku gihe cyo gutwita mu nyuma. Ntibyemewe kuyikoresha mu gihe [[Konsa|cyo konsa]].<ref name="EU2021" /> Iri mu muryango w'imiti ya ampirone . Si opioid ; nubwo amakuru atandukanye ku bijyanye n'uko ari [[Umuti utari umuti urwanya ububyimbirwe|NSAID]].<ref name="Jas2014">{{Cite journal|last=Jasiecka|first=A|last2=Maślanka|first2=T|last3=Jaroszewski|first3=JJ|title=Pharmacological characteristics of metamizole.|journal=Polish journal of veterinary sciences|date=2014|volume=17|issue=1|pages=207-14|doi=10.2478/pjvs-2014-0030|pmid=24724493}}</ref><ref name="Nik2012" /> Metamizole yahawe uburenganzira bwo gukoresha imiti mu 1922, ikoreshwa bwa mbere mu buvuzi mu [[Ubudage|Budage]].<ref name="Fis2006">{{Cite book|last=Fischer|first=Jnos|last2=Ganellin|first2=C. Robin|title=Analogue-based Drug Discovery|date=2006|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=9783527607495|page=530|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FjKfqkaKkAAC&pg=PA530|language=en|access-date=2020-09-04|archive-date=2021-08-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210829150746/https://books.google.com/books?id=FjKfqkaKkAAC&pg=PA530|url-status=live}}</ref> Igurishwa ku mazina atandukanye y'ubucuruzi. Byari ukwimuka ku isoko mu bihugu byinshi, harimo Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika n'Ubwongereza, mu myaka ya za 1960 na 70 bitewe n'ingaruka mbi.<ref name="Aron2009" /> Nubwo ikiri kuboneka mu bice bimwe na bimwe by'i [[Burayi]] no mu bihugu biri mu nzira y'amajyambere kuva mu 2019. == Iriburiro == <references /> ctt7u8v5pdozhnvokstwppfkqe37ovx 148870 148841 2026-11-04T11:33:35Z Score Beethoven 11559 148870 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox drug | image = Metamizole2DACS.svg | width = 200 | caption = Imiterere ya molekile ya Metamizole | tradename = Analgin, Neo-Melubrina n'indi | routes_of_administration = Mu kanwa, Urushinge mu mukaya, Urushinge mu mutsi, Mu kibuno | elimination_half-life = 14 iminota | CAS_number = 50567-35-6 | ATC_prefix = N02 | ATC_suffix = BB02 | PubChem = 3111 | DrugBank = DB04817 | C = 13 | H = 17 | N = 3 | O = 4 | S = 1 }} '''Metamizole''', izwi kandi nka '''dipyrone''', ni umuti ugabanya ububabare, ugabanya imitsi, kandi ugabanya umuriro. == Ikoreshwa == [[Dosiye:Metamizole 500mg-1ml vials yellow background.jpg|thumb|left|Metamizole]] Metamizole, izwi kandi nka dipyrone, ni umuti ugabanya ububabare, ugabanya imitsi, kandi ugabanya umuriro. Ishobora gukoreshwa mu gihe indi miti idakora neza.<ref name="EU2021">{{Cite web|title=Metamizole containing medicinal products - referral|url=https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/referrals/metamizole-containing-medicinal-products|website=European Medicines Agency|access-date=2026-11-04|language=en}}</ref> Itangira vuba kandi ingaruka zimara amasaha 8.<ref name="Nik2012">{{Cite journal|last=Nikolova|first=Irina|last2=Tencheva|first2=Jasmina|last3=Voinikov|first3=Julian|last4=Petkova|first4=Valentina|last5=Benbasat|first5=Niko|last6=Danchev|first6=Nikolai|title=Metamizole: A Review Profile of a Well-Known “Forgotten” Drug. Part I: Pharmaceutical and Nonclinical Profile|journal=Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment|date=January 2012|volume=26|issue=6|pages=3329–3337|doi=10.5504/BBEQ.2012.0089}}</ref> Ishobora gutangwa mu kanwa, mu kibuno (''suppositoire''), cyangwa mu guterwa urushinge.<ref name="EU2021" /> == Ingaruka mbi == Ingaruka mbi zikunze kugaragara zirimo gusinzira, kubabara mu nda, no kugira isesemi. Ingaruka mbi zikomeye zirimo [[Allergique|ingaruka z'ubwivumbure]], harimo na anaphylaxis, hamwe n'uturemangingo tw'umweru duke mu maraso.<ref name="JCP2019">{{Cite journal|last=Lutz|first=Mathias|title=Metamizole (Dipyrone) and the Liver: A Review of the Literature|journal=The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology|date=November 2019|volume=59|issue=11|pages=1433–1442|doi=10.1002/jcph.1512|pmid=31433499|doi-access=free}}</ref> Nubwo bisa nkaho ari byiza mu gihe cyo gutwita mu ntangiriro, hari impungenge ku gihe cyo gutwita mu nyuma. Ntibyemewe kuyikoresha mu gihe [[Konsa|cyo konsa]].<ref name="EU2021" /> Iri mu muryango w'imiti ya ampirone. Si opioid ; nubwo amakuru atandukanye ku bijyanye n'uko ari [[Umuti utari umuti urwanya ububyimbirwe|NSAID]].<ref name="Jas2014">{{Cite journal|last=Jasiecka|first=A|last2=Maślanka|first2=T|last3=Jaroszewski|first3=JJ|title=Pharmacological characteristics of metamizole.|journal=Polish journal of veterinary sciences|date=2014|volume=17|issue=1|pages=207-14|doi=10.2478/pjvs-2014-0030|pmid=24724493}}</ref><ref name="Nik2012" /> == Amateka == Metamizole yahawe uburenganzira bwo gukoresha imiti mu 1922, ikoreshwa bwa mbere mu buvuzi mu [[Ubudage|Budage]].<ref name="Fis2006">{{Cite book|last=Fischer|first=Jnos|last2=Ganellin|first2=C. Robin|title=Analogue-based Drug Discovery|date=2006|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=9783527607495|page=530|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FjKfqkaKkAAC&pg=PA530|language=en|access-date=2020-09-04|archive-date=2021-08-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210829150746/https://books.google.com/books?id=FjKfqkaKkAAC&pg=PA530|url-status=live}}</ref> Igurishwa ku mazina atandukanye y'ubucuruzi. Yakuwe ku isoko mu bihugu byinshi, harimo [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika]] n'Ubwongereza, mu myaka ya za 1960 na 70 bitewe n'ingaruka mbi.<ref name="Aron2009">{{Cite book|last=Aronson|first=Jeffrey K.|title=Meyler's Side Effects of Analgesics and Anti-inflammatory Drugs|date=2009-12-22|publisher=Elsevier|isbn=978-0-08-093294-1|page=198|language=en}}</ref> Ariko mu 2019 yari ikiboneka mu bice bimwe na bimwe by'[[Burayi]] no mu bihugu biri mu nzira y'amajyambere. == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Metamizole|Amafoto ajyanye na Metamizole]] kuri Wikimedia Commons [[Ikiciro:Imiti]] [[Ikiciro:Ubuzima]] syezgg8ji2xm515wax84ngeulunamf3 0 23978 148842 2026-11-04T10:16:59Z Stevenndori289 10902 Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1502314|Hair loss]] to:rw #mdwikicx 148842 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gutakaza umusatsi''', bizwi kandi nka '''alopecia''' cyangwa '''uburibwe''', bivuga gutakaza umusatsi mu gice cy'umutwe cyangwa ku mubiri.<ref name="NHS2013">{{Cite web|title=Hair loss|url=http://www.nhs.uk/conditions/Hair-loss/Pages/Introduction.aspx|website=NHS Choices|access-date=22 September 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927020342/http://www.nhs.uk/conditions/Hair-loss/Pages/Introduction.aspx|archive-date=27 September 2013}}</ref> Ubusanzwe nibura umutwe uba urimo.<ref name="Var2015">{{Cite journal|last=Vary JC|first=Jr|title=Selected Disorders of Skin Appendages--Acne, Alopecia, Hyperhidrosis.|journal=The Medical Clinics of North America|date=November 2015|volume=99|issue=6|pages=1195–211|pmid=26476248|doi=10.1016/j.mcna.2015.07.003}}</ref> Uburemere bw'umusatsi bushobora gutandukana bitewe n'agace gato kugeza ku mubiri wose.<ref name="DermNet2016">{{Cite web|url=http://dermnetnz.org/hair-nails-sweat/hair-loss.html|title=Hair loss|access-date=2016-08-03|website=DermNet|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160625012752/http://www.dermnetnz.org/hair-nails-sweat/hair-loss.html|archive-date=2016|url-status=live}}</ref> Ubusanzwe nta nkovu cyangwa ububyimba bibaho.<ref name="Var2015" /> Gutakaza umusatsi kuri bamwe bitera ihungabana ryo mu mutwe.<ref name="Nal2016">{{Cite journal|last=Nalluri|first=R|last2=Harries|first2=M|title=Alopecia in general medicine.|journal=Clinical Medicine|date=February 2016|volume=16|issue=1|pages=74–8|pmid=26833522|pmc=4954340|doi=10.7861/clinmedicine.16-1-74}}</ref> Ubwoko busanzwe burimo gutakaza umusatsi w’abagabo, gutakaza umusatsi w’abagore, alopecia areata, no kugabanya umusatsi bizwi nka telogen effluvium.<ref name="Var2015" /> Impamvu yo gutakaza umusatsi mu buryo bw'abagabo ni uruvange rw'uturemangingo n'imisemburo y'abagabo ; impamvu yo gutakaza umusatsi mu buryo bw'abagore ntabwo isobanutse neza; impamvu yo gutakaza alopecia areata ni ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri ; kandi impamvu yo gutakaza umusatsi mu buryo bw'amagufwa (telogen effluvium) akenshi iba iterwa n'ihungabana ry'umubiri cyangwa iry'imitekerereze.<ref name="Var2015" /> Telogen effluvium ikunze kugaragara nyuma yo [[Imihango y'umugore utwite|gutwita]].<ref name="Var2015" /> Impamvu zidakunze kugaragara zo gutakaza umusatsi nta kubyimba cyangwa inkovu zirimo gukurura umusatsi, imiti imwe n'imwe irimo imiti ya chimiotherapie, [[VIH/SIDA]], [[umukoresha:Doc James/Hypothyroidism|hypothyroidism]], hamwe [[Imirire mibi|n'imirire mibi]] harimo no kubura icyuma.<ref name="Nal2016" /><ref name="Var2015" /> Impamvu zitera gutakaza umusatsi ziterwa n'inkovu cyangwa kubyimba zirimo kwandura ibihumyo, lupus erythematosus, ubuvuzi bushingiye ku mirasire, na sarcoidosis.<ref name="Nal2016" /><ref name="Var2015" /> Gusuzuma imisatsi itakaza igice kimwe gishingiye ku bice byafashwe.<ref name="Var2015" /> Kuvura ipfupfu ry'umusatsi bishobora kuba ari ukwemera gusa iyo ndwara.<ref name="Var2015" /> Uburyo bushobora kugeragezwa burimo imiti ya [[minoxidil]] (cyangwa [[finasteride]] ) no kubaga umusatsi.<ref name="Mc2012">{{Cite journal|last=McElwee|first=K. J.|last2=Shapiro|first2=J. S.|title=Promising therapies for treating and/or preventing androgenic alopecia|journal=Skin Therapy Letter|volume=17|issue=6|pages=1–4|year=2012|pmid=22735503|url=http://www.skintherapyletter.com/2012/17.6/1.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151212040921/http://www.skintherapyletter.com/2012/17.6/1.html|archive-date=2015-12-12}}</ref><ref name="Le2008">{{Cite journal|last=Leavitt|first=M.|title=Understanding and Management of Female Pattern Alopecia|journal=Facial Plastic Surgery|volume=24|issue=4|pages=414–427|year=2008|pmid=19034818|pmc=|doi=10.1055/s-0028-1102905}}</ref> Alopecia areata ishobora kuvurwa hakoreshejwe inshinge za steroid mu gace kagize ikibazo, ariko izi zigomba gusubirwamo kenshi kugira ngo zigire akamaro.<ref name="Var2015" /> Gutakaza umusatsi ni ikibazo gikunze kugaragara.<ref name="Var2015" /> Gutakaza umusatsi ku myaka 50 bireba hafi kimwe cya kabiri cy'abagabo na kimwe cya kane cy'abagore.<ref name="Var2015" /> Abantu bagera kuri 2% barwara alopecia areata mu gihe runaka.<ref name="Var2015" /> == Iriburiro == <references /> b34vuwj281yhseiqkfcwy74gwirnrhx 148843 148842 2026-11-04T10:17:47Z Stevenndori289 10902 Gutakaza umusatsi 148843 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Alopecia.jpg|thumb|Gutakaza umusatsi]] '''Gutakaza umusatsi''', bizwi kandi nka '''alopecia''' cyangwa '''uburibwe''', bivuga gutakaza umusatsi mu gice cy'umutwe cyangwa ku mubiri.<ref name="NHS2013">{{Cite web|title=Hair loss|url=http://www.nhs.uk/conditions/Hair-loss/Pages/Introduction.aspx|website=NHS Choices|access-date=22 September 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927020342/http://www.nhs.uk/conditions/Hair-loss/Pages/Introduction.aspx|archive-date=27 September 2013}}</ref> Ubusanzwe nibura umutwe uba urimo.<ref name="Var2015">{{Cite journal|last=Vary JC|first=Jr|title=Selected Disorders of Skin Appendages--Acne, Alopecia, Hyperhidrosis.|journal=The Medical Clinics of North America|date=November 2015|volume=99|issue=6|pages=1195–211|pmid=26476248|doi=10.1016/j.mcna.2015.07.003}}</ref> Uburemere bw'umusatsi bushobora gutandukana bitewe n'agace gato kugeza ku mubiri wose.<ref name="DermNet2016">{{Cite web|url=http://dermnetnz.org/hair-nails-sweat/hair-loss.html|title=Hair loss|access-date=2016-08-03|website=DermNet|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160625012752/http://www.dermnetnz.org/hair-nails-sweat/hair-loss.html|archive-date=2016|url-status=live}}</ref> Ubusanzwe nta nkovu cyangwa ububyimba bibaho.<ref name="Var2015" /> Gutakaza umusatsi kuri bamwe bitera ihungabana ryo mu mutwe.<ref name="Nal2016">{{Cite journal|last=Nalluri|first=R|last2=Harries|first2=M|title=Alopecia in general medicine.|journal=Clinical Medicine|date=February 2016|volume=16|issue=1|pages=74–8|pmid=26833522|pmc=4954340|doi=10.7861/clinmedicine.16-1-74}}</ref> Ubwoko busanzwe burimo gutakaza umusatsi w’abagabo, gutakaza umusatsi w’abagore, alopecia areata, no kugabanya umusatsi bizwi nka telogen effluvium.<ref name="Var2015" /> Impamvu yo gutakaza umusatsi mu buryo bw'abagabo ni uruvange rw'uturemangingo n'imisemburo y'abagabo ; impamvu yo gutakaza umusatsi mu buryo bw'abagore ntabwo isobanutse neza; impamvu yo gutakaza alopecia areata ni ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri ; kandi impamvu yo gutakaza umusatsi mu buryo bw'amagufwa (telogen effluvium) akenshi iba iterwa n'ihungabana ry'umubiri cyangwa iry'imitekerereze.<ref name="Var2015" /> Telogen effluvium ikunze kugaragara nyuma yo [[Imihango y'umugore utwite|gutwita]].<ref name="Var2015" /> Impamvu zidakunze kugaragara zo gutakaza umusatsi nta kubyimba cyangwa inkovu zirimo gukurura umusatsi, imiti imwe n'imwe irimo imiti ya chimiotherapie, [[VIH/SIDA]], [[umukoresha:Doc James/Hypothyroidism|hypothyroidism]], hamwe [[Imirire mibi|n'imirire mibi]] harimo no kubura icyuma.<ref name="Nal2016" /><ref name="Var2015" /> Impamvu zitera gutakaza umusatsi ziterwa n'inkovu cyangwa kubyimba zirimo kwandura ibihumyo, lupus erythematosus, ubuvuzi bushingiye ku mirasire, na sarcoidosis.<ref name="Nal2016" /><ref name="Var2015" /> Gusuzuma imisatsi itakaza igice kimwe gishingiye ku bice byafashwe.<ref name="Var2015" /> Kuvura ipfupfu ry'umusatsi bishobora kuba ari ukwemera gusa iyo ndwara.<ref name="Var2015" /> Uburyo bushobora kugeragezwa burimo imiti ya [[minoxidil]] (cyangwa [[finasteride]] ) no kubaga umusatsi.<ref name="Mc2012">{{Cite journal|last=McElwee|first=K. J.|last2=Shapiro|first2=J. S.|title=Promising therapies for treating and/or preventing androgenic alopecia|journal=Skin Therapy Letter|volume=17|issue=6|pages=1–4|year=2012|pmid=22735503|url=http://www.skintherapyletter.com/2012/17.6/1.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151212040921/http://www.skintherapyletter.com/2012/17.6/1.html|archive-date=2015-12-12}}</ref><ref name="Le2008">{{Cite journal|last=Leavitt|first=M.|title=Understanding and Management of Female Pattern Alopecia|journal=Facial Plastic Surgery|volume=24|issue=4|pages=414–427|year=2008|pmid=19034818|pmc=|doi=10.1055/s-0028-1102905}}</ref> Alopecia areata ishobora kuvurwa hakoreshejwe inshinge za steroid mu gace kagize ikibazo, ariko izi zigomba gusubirwamo kenshi kugira ngo zigire akamaro.<ref name="Var2015" /> Gutakaza umusatsi ni ikibazo gikunze kugaragara.<ref name="Var2015" /> Gutakaza umusatsi ku myaka 50 bireba hafi kimwe cya kabiri cy'abagabo na kimwe cya kane cy'abagore.<ref name="Var2015" /> Abantu bagera kuri 2% barwara alopecia areata mu gihe runaka.<ref name="Var2015" /> == Iriburiro == <references /> 4yb5arapc0j9nomurwdqpgjsj1843lf 0 23979 148844 2026-11-04T10:19:00Z Stevenndori289 10902 Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1457158|Spinal muscular atrophy]] to:rw #mdwikicx 148844 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition |name =Spinal muscular atrophy |synonym =Spinal muscle degeneration,<ref>{{cite web |title=Spinal muscular atrophy: MedlinePlus Genetics |url=https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/spinal-muscular-atrophy/#synonyms |website=medlineplus.gov |access-date=12 April 2024 |language=en |archive-date=4 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201004162050/https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/spinal-muscular-atrophy/#synonyms |url-status=live }}</ref> autosomal recessive proximal spinal muscular atrophy, 5q spinal muscular atrophy |image =Polio spinal diagram-en.svg |image size = |image thumbtime = |alt = |caption =Location of neurons affected by spinal muscular atrophy in the spinal cord |pronounce = |field =[[Neurology]] |symptoms =Progressive muscle weakness<ref name=NIH2019/> |complications =[[Scoliosis]], [[joint contracture]]s, [[pneumonia]]<ref name=NORD2019/> |onset = |duration = |types =Type 0 to type 4<ref name=NORD2019/> |causes =Mutation in ''[[SMN1]]''<ref name=NORD2019/> |risks = |diagnosis =[[Genetic testing]]<ref name=NIH2019/> |differential =[[Congenital muscular dystrophy]], [[Duchenne muscular dystrophy]], [[Prader–Willi syndrome|Prader-Willi syndrome]]<ref name=NORD2019/> |prevention = |treatment =[[Supportive care]], medications<ref name=NIH2019/> |medication =[[Nusinersen]], [[onasemnogene abeparvovec]]<ref name=NINDS2019/><ref name=FDA2019/> |prognosis =Varies by type<ref name=NORD2019/> |frequency =1 in 10,000 people<ref name=NORD2019/> |deaths = |video1 = |named after = }} '''Kugabanuka kw'imitsi yo mu mugongo''' ( '''SMA''' ) ni itsinda ry'indwara z'imitsi zitera kubura kw'imitsi ikora neza no gutakaza imitsi buhoro buhoro.<ref name="NIH2019">{{Cite web|title=Spinal muscular atrophy|url=https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/7674/spinal-muscular-atrophy|website=Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD) – an NCATS Program|access-date=27 May 2019|archive-date=23 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170123232235/https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/7674/spinal-muscular-atrophy|url-status=live}}</ref> Uburemere bw'ibimenyetso n'imyaka byatangiye biratandukanye bitewe n'ubwoko bwabyo.<ref name="NIH2019" /> Hari ubwoko bw'indwara bugaragara mbere yo kuvuka cyangwa mbere yo kuvuka mu gihe ubundi butagaragara kugeza igihe umuntu akuze.<ref name="NIH2019" /> Muri rusange byose bitera intege nke z'imitsi zigenda ziyongera bitewe no kunyara kw'imitsi.<ref name="NIH2019" /><ref name="NINDS2019">{{Cite web|title=Spinal Muscular Atrophy Fact Sheet {{!}} National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke|url=https://www.ninds.nih.gov/Disorders/Patient-Caregiver-Education/Fact-Sheets/Spinal-Muscular-Atrophy-Fact-Sheet|website=NINDS|access-date=27 May 2019|archive-date=27 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190527053433/https://www.ninds.nih.gov/Disorders/Patient-Caregiver-Education/Fact-Sheets/Spinal-Muscular-Atrophy-Fact-Sheet|url-status=live}}</ref> Imitsi yo mu kuboko, ku maguru no mu myanya y'ubuhumekero muri rusange ni yo ibanza kugaragaraho ingaruka.<ref name="NINDS2019" /><ref name="GHR2019">{{Cite web|title=Spinal muscular atrophy|url=https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/spinal-muscular-atrophy|website=Genetics Home Reference|access-date=27 May 2019|language=en|archive-date=30 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190530110757/https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/spinal-muscular-atrophy|url-status=live}}</ref> Ibibazo bifitanye isano bishobora kuba birimo ibibazo byo kumira, [[Indwara ya Scoliose|gucika intege kw'ingingo]] no gufunga ingingo.<ref name="NORD2019">{{Cite web|title=Spinal Muscular Atrophy|url=https://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/spinal-muscular-atrophy/|website=NORD (National Organization for Rare Disorders)|access-date=27 May 2019|archive-date=7 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307042712/https://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/spinal-muscular-atrophy/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="GHR2019" /> SMA ni yo mpamvu ikomeye mu ndwara zitera urupfu mu bana bato.<ref name="FDA2019">{{Cite web|title=FDA approves innovative gene therapy to treat pediatric patients with spinal muscular atrophy, a rare disease and leading genetic cause of infant mortality|url=https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-approves-innovative-gene-therapy-treat-pediatric-patients-spinal-muscular-atrophy-rare-disease|website=FDA|access-date=27 May 2019|language=en|date=24 May 2019|archive-date=1 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190901145211/https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-approves-innovative-gene-therapy-treat-pediatric-patients-spinal-muscular-atrophy-rare-disease|url-status=live}}</ref> Kugabanuka kw'imitsi yo mu mugongo biterwa n'ikosa rya gene rya ''SMN1''.<ref name="NIH2019" /><ref name="NORD2019" /> Muri rusange baragwa n'ababyeyi b'umuntu mu buryo bwo kugabanya ubuzima bw'umuntu.<ref name="NIH2019" /> Mu 2% by'ibibazo, imwe mu mpinduka ibaho mu gihe cy'imikurire y'umwana ikiri nto kandi imwe iragwa n'umubyeyi we.<ref name="Pri2019">{{Cite web|last=Prior|first=Thomas W.|last2=Leach|first2=Meganne E.|last3=Finanger|first3=Erika|title=Spinal Muscular Atrophy|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1352/|website=GeneReviews®|publisher=University of Washington, Seattle|access-date=6 October 2020|date=1993|archive-date=27 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201127013007/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1352/|url-status=live}}</ref> Ingirabuzimafatizo ya ''SMN1'' ikora SMN, poroteyine ikenewe kugira ngo uturemangingo tw’umubiri tubashe kubaho.<ref name="GHR2019" /> Kubura izi neuron bibuza kohereza ibimenyetso hagati [[Ubwonko|y'ubwonko]] n'imitsi yo mu gifu.<ref name="GHR2019" /> Isuzuma ry’indwara rikekwa hashingiwe ku bimenyetso kandi ryemezwa n’ibizamini bya genetiki.<ref name="NIH2019" /> Ubuvuzi burimo ubuvuzi bufasha nko kuvura umubiri, gutera inkunga imirire, no guhumeka hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga.<ref name="NIH2019" /> Umuti wa nusinersen, uterwa mu ruti rw'umugongo, ugabanya ikwirakwira ry'indwara kandi ukanoza imikorere y'imitsi.<ref name="NIH2019" /><ref name="NINDS2019" /> Mu 2019, uburyo bwo kuvura ingirabuzimafatizo bwa onasemnogene abeparvovec bwemejwe muri Amerika nk'uburyo bwo kuvura abana bari munsi y'amezi 24.<ref name="FDA2019" /> Ibisubizo biratandukanye bitewe n'ubwoko bw'indwara, uhereye ku gihe umuntu azakomeza kubaho cy'amezi make kugeza ku kunanirwa gukomeye kw'imitsi hamwe n'igihe umuntu azakomeza kubaho.<ref name="GHR2019" /> Iyi ndwara ifata umuntu umwe ku bantu 10.000 igihe avutse.<ref name="NORD2019" /> == Iriburiro == <references /> 5lmqisp0wihhzxfgplnspluaon3lmj6 148845 148844 2026-11-04T10:20:52Z Stevenndori289 10902 Kugabanuka kw'imitsi yo mu mugongo 148845 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Distal spinal muscular atrophy type 1.webp|thumb|Kugabanuka kw'imitsi yo mu mugongo]] '''Kugabanuka kw'imitsi yo mu mugongo''' ( '''SMA''' ) ni itsinda ry'indwara z'imitsi zitera kubura kw'imitsi ikora neza no gutakaza imitsi buhoro buhoro.<ref name="NIH2019">{{Cite web|title=Spinal muscular atrophy|url=https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/7674/spinal-muscular-atrophy|website=Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD) – an NCATS Program|access-date=27 May 2019|archive-date=23 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170123232235/https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/7674/spinal-muscular-atrophy|url-status=live}}</ref> Uburemere bw'ibimenyetso n'imyaka byatangiye biratandukanye bitewe n'ubwoko bwabyo.<ref name="NIH2019" /> Hari ubwoko bw'indwara bugaragara mbere yo kuvuka cyangwa mbere yo kuvuka mu gihe ubundi butagaragara kugeza igihe umuntu akuze.<ref name="NIH2019" /> Muri rusange byose bitera intege nke z'imitsi zigenda ziyongera bitewe no kunyara kw'imitsi.<ref name="NIH2019" /><ref name="NINDS2019">{{Cite web|title=Spinal Muscular Atrophy Fact Sheet {{!}} National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke|url=https://www.ninds.nih.gov/Disorders/Patient-Caregiver-Education/Fact-Sheets/Spinal-Muscular-Atrophy-Fact-Sheet|website=NINDS|access-date=27 May 2019|archive-date=27 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190527053433/https://www.ninds.nih.gov/Disorders/Patient-Caregiver-Education/Fact-Sheets/Spinal-Muscular-Atrophy-Fact-Sheet|url-status=live}}</ref> Imitsi yo mu kuboko, ku maguru no mu myanya y'ubuhumekero muri rusange ni yo ibanza kugaragaraho ingaruka.<ref name="NINDS2019" /><ref name="GHR2019">{{Cite web|title=Spinal muscular atrophy|url=https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/spinal-muscular-atrophy|website=Genetics Home Reference|access-date=27 May 2019|language=en|archive-date=30 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190530110757/https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/spinal-muscular-atrophy|url-status=live}}</ref> Ibibazo bifitanye isano bishobora kuba birimo ibibazo byo kumira, [[Indwara ya Scoliose|gucika intege kw'ingingo]] no gufunga ingingo.<ref name="NORD2019">{{Cite web|title=Spinal Muscular Atrophy|url=https://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/spinal-muscular-atrophy/|website=NORD (National Organization for Rare Disorders)|access-date=27 May 2019|archive-date=7 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307042712/https://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/spinal-muscular-atrophy/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="GHR2019" /> SMA ni yo mpamvu ikomeye mu ndwara zitera urupfu mu bana bato.<ref name="FDA2019">{{Cite web|title=FDA approves innovative gene therapy to treat pediatric patients with spinal muscular atrophy, a rare disease and leading genetic cause of infant mortality|url=https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-approves-innovative-gene-therapy-treat-pediatric-patients-spinal-muscular-atrophy-rare-disease|website=FDA|access-date=27 May 2019|language=en|date=24 May 2019|archive-date=1 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190901145211/https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-approves-innovative-gene-therapy-treat-pediatric-patients-spinal-muscular-atrophy-rare-disease|url-status=live}}</ref> Kugabanuka kw'imitsi yo mu mugongo biterwa n'ikosa rya gene rya ''SMN1''.<ref name="NIH2019" /><ref name="NORD2019" /> Muri rusange baragwa n'ababyeyi b'umuntu mu buryo bwo kugabanya ubuzima bw'umuntu.<ref name="NIH2019" /> Mu 2% by'ibibazo, imwe mu mpinduka ibaho mu gihe cy'imikurire y'umwana ikiri nto kandi imwe iragwa n'umubyeyi we.<ref name="Pri2019">{{Cite web|last=Prior|first=Thomas W.|last2=Leach|first2=Meganne E.|last3=Finanger|first3=Erika|title=Spinal Muscular Atrophy|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1352/|website=GeneReviews®|publisher=University of Washington, Seattle|access-date=6 October 2020|date=1993|archive-date=27 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201127013007/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1352/|url-status=live}}</ref> Ingirabuzimafatizo ya ''SMN1'' ikora SMN, poroteyine ikenewe kugira ngo uturemangingo tw’umubiri tubashe kubaho.<ref name="GHR2019" /> Kubura izi neuron bibuza kohereza ibimenyetso hagati [[Ubwonko|y'ubwonko]] n'imitsi yo mu gifu.<ref name="GHR2019" /> Isuzuma ry’indwara rikekwa hashingiwe ku bimenyetso kandi ryemezwa n’ibizamini bya genetiki.<ref name="NIH2019" /> Ubuvuzi burimo ubuvuzi bufasha nko kuvura umubiri, gutera inkunga imirire, no guhumeka hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga.<ref name="NIH2019" /> Umuti wa nusinersen, uterwa mu ruti rw'umugongo, ugabanya ikwirakwira ry'indwara kandi ukanoza imikorere y'imitsi.<ref name="NIH2019" /><ref name="NINDS2019" /> Mu 2019, uburyo bwo kuvura ingirabuzimafatizo bwa onasemnogene abeparvovec bwemejwe muri Amerika nk'uburyo bwo kuvura abana bari munsi y'amezi 24.<ref name="FDA2019" /> Ibisubizo biratandukanye bitewe n'ubwoko bw'indwara, uhereye ku gihe umuntu azakomeza kubaho cy'amezi make kugeza ku kunanirwa gukomeye kw'imitsi hamwe n'igihe umuntu azakomeza kubaho.<ref name="GHR2019" /> Iyi ndwara ifata umuntu umwe ku bantu 10.000 igihe avutse.<ref name="NORD2019" /> == Iriburiro == <references /> tkoazo0imfdpfdjnnvsbdtlghnrhefm 0 23980 148846 2026-11-04T10:21:49Z Stevenndori289 10902 Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1458666|Dandruff]] to:rw #mdwikicx 148846 wikitext text/x-wiki Indwara '''y'uruhu''' ifata cyane cyane umutwe w'umutwe.<ref name="Stat2019">{{Cite journal|last=Tucker|first=D|last2=Masood|first2=S|title=Seborrheic Dermatitis|date=January 2019|pmid=31869171|journal=StatPearls}}</ref> Ibimenyetso birimo gushyuha no gushya buhoro buhoro.<ref name="Stat2019" /><ref name="NHS2019">{{Cite web|title=Dandruff|url=https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/dandruff/|website=nhs.uk|access-date=1 January 2020|language=en|date=18 October 2017|archive-date=1 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200101112002/https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/dandruff/|url-status=live}}</ref> Bishobora gutera ibibazo mu mibanire cyangwa mu kwiha agaciro.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=A Practical Guide to Scalp Disorders|journal=Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings|date=December 2007|volume=12|issue=2|doi=10.1038/sj.jidsymp.5650048|pages=10–14|pmid=18004290|last=Grimalt|first=R.}}</ref> Ubwoko bubi cyane bw'iyi ndwara, burimo kubyimba k'uruhu, buzwi nka seborrhoeic dermatitis.<ref name="Stat2019" /> Impamvu ntirasobanuka neza, ariko bikekwa ko iterwa n’ibintu byinshi bigize imiterere y’umubiri n’ibidukikije.<ref name="Stat2019" /> Iyi ndwara ishobora kwiyongera mu gihe cy'itumba.<ref name="Rang2010" /> Ntabwo biterwa n'isuku nke.<ref name="AAD2017">{{Cite web|title=Dandruff: How to treat|url=https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/hair-and-scalp-problems/dandruff-how-to-treat|website=American Academy of Dermatology|access-date=20 October 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171021061028/https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/hair-and-scalp-problems/dandruff-how-to-treat|archive-date=21 October 2017}}</ref> Uburyo bw'ibanze bukubiyemo gukura cyane kw'uturemangingo tw'uruhu.<ref name="Rang2010">{{Cite journal|last=Ranganathan|first=S|last2=Mukhopadhyay|first2=T|title=Dandruff: the most commercially exploited skin disease.|journal=Indian Journal of Dermatology|date=2010|volume=55|issue=2|pages=130–4|doi=10.4103/0019-5154.62734|pmid=20606879|pmc=2887514}}</ref> Gusuzuma indwara bishingiye ku bimenyetso.<ref name="Up2019">{{Cite web|title=Patient education: Seborrheic dermatitis (including dandruff and cradle cap) (Beyond the Basics)|url=https://www.uptodate.com/contents/seborrheic-dermatitis-including-dandruff-and-cradle-cap-beyond-the-basics|website=www.uptodate.com|access-date=1 January 2020|archive-date=1 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200101112000/https://www.uptodate.com/contents/seborrheic-dermatitis-including-dandruff-and-cradle-cap-beyond-the-basics|url-status=live}}</ref> Nta muti uzwi uvura uruhu rw'umusazi.<ref name="Turk2007">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GKVPHoIs8uIC&lpg=PA100&dq=dandruff%20no%20cure&pg=PA100|title=The Encyclopedia of Skin and Skin Disorders|edition=Third|publisher=Facts On File, Inc.|last=Turkington, Carol|last2=Dover, Jeffrey S.|year=2007|page=100|isbn=978-0-8160-6403-8|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160519134229/https://books.google.com/books?id=GKVPHoIs8uIC&lpg=PA100&dq=dandruff%20no%20cure&pg=PA100|archive-date=19 May 2016}}</ref> Amavuta arwanya imiyoboro y'amaraso, nka [[ketoconazole]], cyangwa aside salicylic ashobora gukoreshwa mu kugerageza kunoza iyo ndwara.<ref name="Stat2019" /><ref name="NHS2019" /> Indwara y'ibihumyo ifata hafi kimwe cya kabiri cy'abantu bakuru, aho abagabo bakunze kwibasirwa cyane kurusha abagore.<ref name="Stat2019" /> Abantu bo mu bice byose by'isi baragerwaho n'ingaruka.<ref name="Stat2019" /> Ubusanzwe itangira mu gihe cy'ubugimbi kandi igabanuka nyuma y'imyaka 50.<ref name="Stat2019" /> == Iriburiro == <references /> twgoxz4qbudhhnclq58wdx2mwu3vn0t 148847 148846 2026-11-04T10:22:34Z Stevenndori289 10902 Indwara y'uruhu 148847 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Excessive dandruff.jpg|thumb|Indwara y'uruhu]] Indwara '''y'uruhu''' ifata cyane cyane umutwe w'umutwe.<ref name="Stat2019">{{Cite journal|last=Tucker|first=D|last2=Masood|first2=S|title=Seborrheic Dermatitis|date=January 2019|pmid=31869171|journal=StatPearls}}</ref> Ibimenyetso birimo gushyuha no gushya buhoro buhoro.<ref name="Stat2019" /><ref name="NHS2019">{{Cite web|title=Dandruff|url=https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/dandruff/|website=nhs.uk|access-date=1 January 2020|language=en|date=18 October 2017|archive-date=1 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200101112002/https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/dandruff/|url-status=live}}</ref> Bishobora gutera ibibazo mu mibanire cyangwa mu kwiha agaciro.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=A Practical Guide to Scalp Disorders|journal=Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings|date=December 2007|volume=12|issue=2|doi=10.1038/sj.jidsymp.5650048|pages=10–14|pmid=18004290|last=Grimalt|first=R.}}</ref> Ubwoko bubi cyane bw'iyi ndwara, burimo kubyimba k'uruhu, buzwi nka seborrhoeic dermatitis.<ref name="Stat2019" /> Impamvu ntirasobanuka neza, ariko bikekwa ko iterwa n’ibintu byinshi bigize imiterere y’umubiri n’ibidukikije.<ref name="Stat2019" /> Iyi ndwara ishobora kwiyongera mu gihe cy'itumba.<ref name="Rang2010" /> Ntabwo biterwa n'isuku nke.<ref name="AAD2017">{{Cite web|title=Dandruff: How to treat|url=https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/hair-and-scalp-problems/dandruff-how-to-treat|website=American Academy of Dermatology|access-date=20 October 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171021061028/https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/hair-and-scalp-problems/dandruff-how-to-treat|archive-date=21 October 2017}}</ref> Uburyo bw'ibanze bukubiyemo gukura cyane kw'uturemangingo tw'uruhu.<ref name="Rang2010">{{Cite journal|last=Ranganathan|first=S|last2=Mukhopadhyay|first2=T|title=Dandruff: the most commercially exploited skin disease.|journal=Indian Journal of Dermatology|date=2010|volume=55|issue=2|pages=130–4|doi=10.4103/0019-5154.62734|pmid=20606879|pmc=2887514}}</ref> Gusuzuma indwara bishingiye ku bimenyetso.<ref name="Up2019">{{Cite web|title=Patient education: Seborrheic dermatitis (including dandruff and cradle cap) (Beyond the Basics)|url=https://www.uptodate.com/contents/seborrheic-dermatitis-including-dandruff-and-cradle-cap-beyond-the-basics|website=www.uptodate.com|access-date=1 January 2020|archive-date=1 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200101112000/https://www.uptodate.com/contents/seborrheic-dermatitis-including-dandruff-and-cradle-cap-beyond-the-basics|url-status=live}}</ref> Nta muti uzwi uvura uruhu rw'umusazi.<ref name="Turk2007">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GKVPHoIs8uIC&lpg=PA100&dq=dandruff%20no%20cure&pg=PA100|title=The Encyclopedia of Skin and Skin Disorders|edition=Third|publisher=Facts On File, Inc.|last=Turkington, Carol|last2=Dover, Jeffrey S.|year=2007|page=100|isbn=978-0-8160-6403-8|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160519134229/https://books.google.com/books?id=GKVPHoIs8uIC&lpg=PA100&dq=dandruff%20no%20cure&pg=PA100|archive-date=19 May 2016}}</ref> Amavuta arwanya imiyoboro y'amaraso, nka [[ketoconazole]], cyangwa aside salicylic ashobora gukoreshwa mu kugerageza kunoza iyo ndwara.<ref name="Stat2019" /><ref name="NHS2019" /> Indwara y'ibihumyo ifata hafi kimwe cya kabiri cy'abantu bakuru, aho abagabo bakunze kwibasirwa cyane kurusha abagore.<ref name="Stat2019" /> Abantu bo mu bice byose by'isi baragerwaho n'ingaruka.<ref name="Stat2019" /> Ubusanzwe itangira mu gihe cy'ubugimbi kandi igabanuka nyuma y'imyaka 50.<ref name="Stat2019" /> == Iriburiro == <references /> epcma35jfpup2494sfzb38eodpm7i4j 0 23981 148848 2026-11-04T10:23:39Z Stevenndori289 10902 Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1472129|Tranexamic acid]] to:rw #mdwikicx 148848 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Aside Tranexamic''' ( '''TXA''' ) ni umuti ukoreshwa mu kuvura cyangwa gukumira gutakaza amaraso menshi bitewe n'ihungabana rikomeye, kuva amaraso nyuma yo kubyara, kubagwa, gukurwaho amenyo, kuva amaraso mu mazuru, no gucura cyane.<ref name="BNF69" /><ref name="Lancet2017">{{Cite journal|last=WOMAN Trial Collaborators|title=Effect of early tranexamic acid administration on mortality, hysterectomy, and other morbidities in women with post-partum haemorrhage (WOMAN): an international, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial|journal=Lancet|volume=389|issue=10084|pages=2105–2116|date=May 2017|pmid=28456509|pmc=5446563|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(17)30638-4}}</ref> Ikoreshwa kandi mu kuvura indwara ya angioedema ikomoka ku ruhererekane rw'indwara.<ref name="BNF69" /><ref name="UK2016">{{Cite web|title=Cyklokapron Tablets - Summary of Product Characteristics (SPC) - (eMC)|url=https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/medicine/16512|website=www.medicines.org.uk|access-date=14 December 2016|date=September 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220184620/https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/medicine/16512|archive-date=20 December 2016}}</ref> Ifatwa mu kanwa cyangwa mu guterwa mu mitsi.<ref name="BNF69">{{Cite book|title=British national formulary: BNF 69|date=2015|publisher=British Medical Association|isbn=9780857111562|page=170|edition=69}}</ref> Ingaruka mbi ni nke cyane.<ref name="UK2016" /> Bimwe muri byo birimo impinduka mu miterere y'amabara, hamwe [[Allergique|n'ingaruka z'ubwivumbure]].<ref name="UK2016" /> Bishobora kongera ibyago byo kubyimba kw'amaraso, cyane cyane iyo bifashwe hamwe n'ibinini byo kuboneza urubyaro cyangwa tamoxifen.<ref name="Hitchings2022">{{Cite book|last=Hitchings|first=Andrew|last2=Lonsdale|first2=Dagan|last3=Burrage|first3=Daniel|last4=Baker|first4=Emma|title=The Top 100 Drugs|date=2022|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=978-0-323-83445-2|edition=3rd|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-XeGEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA214|language=en|chapter=Tranexamic acid|pages=214-215|access-date=18 September 2023|archive-date=19 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230919191521/https://books.google.com/books?id=-XeGEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA214|url-status=live}}</ref> Kubabara mu gifu cyangwa ibibyimba bishobora kubaho iyo bitanzwe binyuze mu mitsi.<ref name="Hitchings2022" /> Abantu bafite indwara z'impyiko bagomba kwitonda cyane.<ref name="Pro2016" /> Acide Tranexamic isa nkaho ari nziza mu ikoreshwa mu gihe [[Imihango y'umugore utwite|cyo gutwita]] no [[konsa]].<ref name="UK2016" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=Tranexamic acid Use During Pregnancy {{!}} Drugs.com|url=https://www.drugs.com/pregnancy/tranexamic-acid.html|website=www.drugs.com|access-date=14 December 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161221010847/https://www.drugs.com/pregnancy/tranexamic-acid.html|archive-date=21 December 2016}}</ref> Iri mu muryango w'imiti irwanya fibrinolytic.<ref name="Pro2016">{{Cite web|title=Tranexamic Acid Injection - FDA prescribing information, side effects and uses|url=https://www.drugs.com/pro/tranexamic-acid-injection.html|website=www.drugs.com|access-date=14 December 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161221010816/https://www.drugs.com/pro/tranexamic-acid-injection.html|archive-date=21 December 2016}}</ref> Aside Tranexamic yakozwe bwa mbere mu 1962 n'abashakashatsi b'Abayapani Shosuke na Utako Okamoto.<ref name="Lancet2016">{{Cite journal|title=Obituary Utako Okamoto|last=Geoff Watts|journal=The Lancet|year=2016|volume=387|issue=10035|pages=2286|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30697-3|pmid=27308678|doi-access=free}}</ref> Iri ku rutonde rw'imiti y'ingenzi y'Umuryango w'Abibumbye wita ku Buzima.<ref name="WHO21st">{{Cite book|vauthors=((World Health Organization))|title=World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019|year=2019|hdl=10665/325771|author-link=World Health Organization|publisher=World Health Organization|location=Geneva|id=WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO|hdl-access=free}}</ref> Aside Tranexamic iraboneka nk'umuti usanzwe <ref name="Ric2015">{{Cite book|last=Hamilton|first=Richart|title=Tarascon Pocket Pharmacopoeia 2015 Deluxe Lab-Coat Edition|date=2015|publisher=Jones & Bartlett Learning|isbn=9781284057560|page=415}}</ref> Igiciro cya buri kwezi mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere kiri hagati ya 4.38 na 4.89 by'amadolari y'Amerika ku buryo bwo kuvura.<ref name="ERC2014">{{Cite web|title=Tranexamic Acid|url=http://mshpriceguide.org/en/single-drug-information/?DMFId=1470&searchYear=2014|website=International Drug Price Indicator Guide|access-date=8 December 2016|archive-date=22 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180122072750/http://mshpriceguide.org/en/single-drug-information/?DMFId=1470&searchYear=2014|url-status=live}}</ref> Muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, uburyo bwo kuvura butwara hagati y’amadolari 100 na 200.<ref name="Ric2015" /> == Iriburiro == <references /> 74qtnjygp5v1oxwx1t39vstjsqdss1h 148849 148848 2026-11-04T10:24:59Z Stevenndori289 10902 Tranexamic acid 148849 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Tranexamic acid (cropped).jpg|thumb|Tranexamic acid]] '''Aside Tranexamic''' ( '''TXA''' ) ni umuti ukoreshwa mu kuvura cyangwa gukumira gutakaza amaraso menshi bitewe n'ihungabana rikomeye, kuva amaraso nyuma yo kubyara, kubagwa, gukurwaho amenyo, kuva amaraso mu mazuru, no gucura cyane.<ref name="BNF69" /><ref name="Lancet2017">{{Cite journal|last=WOMAN Trial Collaborators|title=Effect of early tranexamic acid administration on mortality, hysterectomy, and other morbidities in women with post-partum haemorrhage (WOMAN): an international, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial|journal=Lancet|volume=389|issue=10084|pages=2105–2116|date=May 2017|pmid=28456509|pmc=5446563|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(17)30638-4}}</ref> Ikoreshwa kandi mu kuvura indwara ya angioedema ikomoka ku ruhererekane rw'indwara.<ref name="BNF69" /><ref name="UK2016">{{Cite web|title=Cyklokapron Tablets - Summary of Product Characteristics (SPC) - (eMC)|url=https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/medicine/16512|website=www.medicines.org.uk|access-date=14 December 2016|date=September 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220184620/https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/medicine/16512|archive-date=20 December 2016}}</ref> Ifatwa mu kanwa cyangwa mu guterwa mu mitsi.<ref name="BNF69">{{Cite book|title=British national formulary: BNF 69|date=2015|publisher=British Medical Association|isbn=9780857111562|page=170|edition=69}}</ref> Ingaruka mbi ni nke cyane.<ref name="UK2016" /> Bimwe muri byo birimo impinduka mu miterere y'amabara, hamwe [[Allergique|n'ingaruka z'ubwivumbure]].<ref name="UK2016" /> Bishobora kongera ibyago byo kubyimba kw'amaraso, cyane cyane iyo bifashwe hamwe n'ibinini byo kuboneza urubyaro cyangwa tamoxifen.<ref name="Hitchings2022">{{Cite book|last=Hitchings|first=Andrew|last2=Lonsdale|first2=Dagan|last3=Burrage|first3=Daniel|last4=Baker|first4=Emma|title=The Top 100 Drugs|date=2022|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=978-0-323-83445-2|edition=3rd|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-XeGEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA214|language=en|chapter=Tranexamic acid|pages=214-215|access-date=18 September 2023|archive-date=19 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230919191521/https://books.google.com/books?id=-XeGEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA214|url-status=live}}</ref> Kubabara mu gifu cyangwa ibibyimba bishobora kubaho iyo bitanzwe binyuze mu mitsi.<ref name="Hitchings2022" /> Abantu bafite indwara z'impyiko bagomba kwitonda cyane.<ref name="Pro2016" /> Acide Tranexamic isa nkaho ari nziza mu ikoreshwa mu gihe [[Imihango y'umugore utwite|cyo gutwita]] no [[konsa]].<ref name="UK2016" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=Tranexamic acid Use During Pregnancy {{!}} Drugs.com|url=https://www.drugs.com/pregnancy/tranexamic-acid.html|website=www.drugs.com|access-date=14 December 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161221010847/https://www.drugs.com/pregnancy/tranexamic-acid.html|archive-date=21 December 2016}}</ref> Iri mu muryango w'imiti irwanya fibrinolytic.<ref name="Pro2016">{{Cite web|title=Tranexamic Acid Injection - FDA prescribing information, side effects and uses|url=https://www.drugs.com/pro/tranexamic-acid-injection.html|website=www.drugs.com|access-date=14 December 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161221010816/https://www.drugs.com/pro/tranexamic-acid-injection.html|archive-date=21 December 2016}}</ref> Aside Tranexamic yakozwe bwa mbere mu 1962 n'abashakashatsi b'Abayapani Shosuke na Utako Okamoto.<ref name="Lancet2016">{{Cite journal|title=Obituary Utako Okamoto|last=Geoff Watts|journal=The Lancet|year=2016|volume=387|issue=10035|pages=2286|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30697-3|pmid=27308678|doi-access=free}}</ref> Iri ku rutonde rw'imiti y'ingenzi y'Umuryango w'Abibumbye wita ku Buzima.<ref name="WHO21st">{{Cite book|vauthors=((World Health Organization))|title=World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019|year=2019|hdl=10665/325771|author-link=World Health Organization|publisher=World Health Organization|location=Geneva|id=WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO|hdl-access=free}}</ref> Aside Tranexamic iraboneka nk'umuti usanzwe <ref name="Ric2015">{{Cite book|last=Hamilton|first=Richart|title=Tarascon Pocket Pharmacopoeia 2015 Deluxe Lab-Coat Edition|date=2015|publisher=Jones & Bartlett Learning|isbn=9781284057560|page=415}}</ref> Igiciro cya buri kwezi mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere kiri hagati ya 4.38 na 4.89 by'amadolari y'Amerika ku buryo bwo kuvura.<ref name="ERC2014">{{Cite web|title=Tranexamic Acid|url=http://mshpriceguide.org/en/single-drug-information/?DMFId=1470&searchYear=2014|website=International Drug Price Indicator Guide|access-date=8 December 2016|archive-date=22 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180122072750/http://mshpriceguide.org/en/single-drug-information/?DMFId=1470&searchYear=2014|url-status=live}}</ref> Muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, uburyo bwo kuvura butwara hagati y’amadolari 100 na 200.<ref name="Ric2015" /> == Iriburiro == <references /> k7xw1av28oc4q2rqgttqcj1wa7ydosd 148869 148849 2026-11-04T11:33:32Z Score Beethoven 11559 148869 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox drug | image = Tranexam.svg | width = 200 | caption = Imiterere ya molekile ya Aside Tranexamic | tradename = Cyklokapron n'indi | routes_of_administration = Mu kanwa, Urushinge mu mutsi, Ku ruhu | elimination_half-life = 3,1 amasaha | CAS_number = 1197-18-8 | ATC_prefix = B02 | ATC_suffix = AA02 | PubChem = 5526 | DrugBank = DB00302 | C = 8 | H = 15 | N = 1 | O = 2 }} '''Aside Tranexamic''' ( '''TXA''' ) ni umuti ukoreshwa mu kuvura cyangwa gukumira gutakaza amaraso menshi bitewe n'ihungabana rikomeye, kuva amaraso nyuma yo kubyara, kubagwa, gukurwaho amenyo, kuva amaraso mu mazuru, no gucura cyane. == Ikoreshwa == [[Dosiye:Tranexamic acid (cropped).jpg|thumb|left|Tranexamic acid]] Aside Tranexamic ( TXA ) ni umuti ukoreshwa mu kuvura cyangwa gukumira gutakaza amaraso menshi bitewe n'ihungabana rikomeye, kuva amaraso nyuma yo kubyara, kubagwa, gukurwaho amenyo, kuva amaraso mu mazuru, no gucura cyane.<ref name="BNF69" /><ref name="Lancet2017">{{Cite journal|collaboration=WOMAN Trial Collaborators|title=Effect of early tranexamic acid administration on mortality, hysterectomy, and other morbidities in women with post-partum haemorrhage (WOMAN): an international, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial|journal=Lancet|volume=389|issue=10084|pages=2105–2116|date=May 2017|pmid=28456509|pmc=5446563|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(17)30638-4}}</ref> Ikoreshwa kandi mu kuvura indwara ya angioedema ikomoka ku ruhererekane rw'indwara.<ref name="BNF69" /><ref name="UK2016">{{Cite web|title=Cyklokapron Tablets - Summary of Product Characteristics (SPC) - (eMC)|url=https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/medicine/16512|website=www.medicines.org.uk|access-date=14 December 2016|date=September 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220184620/https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/medicine/16512|archive-date=20 December 2016}}</ref> Ifatwa mu kanwa cyangwa mu guterwa mu mitsi.<ref name="BNF69">{{Cite book|title=British national formulary: BNF 69|date=2015|publisher=British Medical Association|isbn=9780857111562|page=170|edition=69}}</ref> == Ingaruka mbi == Ingaruka mbi ni nke cyane.<ref name="UK2016" /> Bimwe muri byo birimo impinduka mu miterere y'amabara, hamwe [[Allergique|n'ingaruka z'ubwivumbure]].<ref name="UK2016" /> Bishobora kongera ibyago byo kubyimba kw'amaraso, cyane cyane iyo bifashwe hamwe n'ibinini byo kuboneza urubyaro cyangwa tamoxifen.<ref name="Hitchings2022">{{Cite book|last=Hitchings|first=Andrew|last2=Lonsdale|first2=Dagan|last3=Burrage|first3=Daniel|last4=Baker|first4=Emma|title=The Top 100 Drugs|date=2022|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=978-0-323-83445-2|edition=3rd|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-XeGEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA214|language=en|chapter=Tranexamic acid|pages=214-215|access-date=18 September 2023|archive-date=19 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230919191521/https://books.google.com/books?id=-XeGEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA214|url-status=live}}</ref> Kubabara mu gifu cyangwa ibibyimba bishobora kubaho iyo bitanzwe binyuze mu mitsi.<ref name="Hitchings2022" /> Abantu bafite indwara z'impyiko bagomba kwitonda cyane.<ref name="Pro2016" /> Acide Tranexamic isa nkaho ari nziza mu ikoreshwa mu gihe [[Imihango y'umugore utwite|cyo gutwita]] no [[konsa]].<ref name="UK2016" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=Tranexamic acid Use During Pregnancy {{!}} Drugs.com|url=https://www.drugs.com/pregnancy/tranexamic-acid.html|website=www.drugs.com|access-date=14 December 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161221010847/https://www.drugs.com/pregnancy/tranexamic-acid.html|archive-date=21 December 2016}}</ref> Iri mu muryango w'imiti irwanya fibrinolytic.<ref name="Pro2016">{{Cite web|title=Tranexamic Acid Injection - FDA prescribing information, side effects and uses|url=https://www.drugs.com/pro/tranexamic-acid-injection.html|website=www.drugs.com|access-date=14 December 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161221010816/https://www.drugs.com/pro/tranexamic-acid-injection.html|archive-date=21 December 2016}}</ref> == Amateka == Aside Tranexamic yakozwe bwa mbere mu 1962 n'abashakashatsi b'Abayapani Shosuke na Utako Okamoto.<ref name="Lancet2016">{{Cite journal|title=Obituary Utako Okamoto|last=Geoff Watts|journal=The Lancet|year=2016|volume=387|issue=10035|pages=2286|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30697-3|pmid=27308678|doi-access=free}}</ref> Iri ku rutonde rw'imiti y'ingenzi y'[[WHO|Umuryango w'Abibumbye wita ku Buzima]].<ref name="WHO21st">{{Cite book|vauthors=((World Health Organization))|title=World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019|year=2019|hdl=10665/325771|publisher=World Health Organization|location=Geneva|id=WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO|hdl-access=free}}</ref> Aside Tranexamic iraboneka nk'umuti usanzwe.<ref name="Ric2015">{{Cite book|last=Hamilton|first=Richart|title=Tarascon Pocket Pharmacopoeia 2015 Deluxe Lab-Coat Edition|date=2015|publisher=Jones & Bartlett Learning|isbn=9781284057560|page=415}}</ref> Igiciro cya buri kwezi mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere kiri hagati ya 4.38 na 4.89 by'amadolari y'Amerika ku buryo bwo kuvura.<ref name="ERC2014">{{Cite web|title=Tranexamic Acid|url=http://mshpriceguide.org/en/single-drug-information/?DMFId=1470&searchYear=2014|website=International Drug Price Indicator Guide|access-date=8 December 2016|archive-date=22 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180122072750/http://mshpriceguide.org/en/single-drug-information/?DMFId=1470&searchYear=2014|url-status=live}}</ref> Muri [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika]], uburyo bwo kuvura butwara hagati y’amadolari 100 na 200.<ref name="Ric2015" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Tranexamic acid|Amafoto ajyanye na Aside Tranexamic]] kuri Wikimedia Commons [[Ikiciro:Imiti]] [[Ikiciro:Ubuzima]] rl3q2m0jz8oltlkmghpuzwh7ycnz4k2 0 23982 148850 2026-11-04T10:26:13Z Stevenndori289 10902 Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1502630|Hyponatremia]] to:rw #mdwikicx 148850 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hyponatremia''' ni urugero ruto rwa sodiyumu mu maraso.<ref name="CMAJ2014">{{Cite journal|last=Lee|first=JJ|last2=Kilonzo|first2=K|last3=Nistico|first3=A|last4=Yeates|first4=K|title=Management of hyponatremia.|journal=CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association Journal|date=13 May 2014|volume=186|issue=8|pages=E281–86|pmid=24344146|doi=10.1503/cmaj.120887|pmc=4016091}}</ref> Muri rusange isobanurwa nk'igipimo cya sodiyumu kiri munsi ya 135 mmol/L (135 mEq/L ), aho hyponatremia ikomeye iri munsi ya 120 mEq/L.<ref name="Ann2015" /><ref>{{Cite book|first=Kanu|last=Chatterjee|first2=Mark|last2=Anderson|first3=Donald|last3=Heistad|first4=Richard E.|last4=Kerber|title=Manual of Heart Failure|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ka3TAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA142#v=onepage|page=142|publisher=JP Medical Ltd|year=2014|isbn=978-9350906309|via=Google Books|access-date=2020-06-02|archive-date=2020-08-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803160904/https://books.google.com/books?id=ka3TAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA142#v=onepage|url-status=live}}</ref> Ibimenyetso bishobora kuba bitagaragara, byoroheje cyangwa bikomeye.<ref name="Wil2016" /><ref name="Endo2010" /> Ibimenyetso byoroheje birimo kugabanuka k'ubushobozi bwo gutekereza, [[Umutwe|kuribwa umutwe]], isesemi, no kuringaniza ibintu.<ref name="Ann2015">{{Cite journal|last=Henry|first=DA|title=In The Clinic: Hyponatremia.|journal=Annals of Internal Medicine|date=4 August 2015|volume=163|issue=3|pages=ITC1–19|pmid=26237763|doi=10.7326/aitc201508040}}</ref> Ibimenyetso bikomeye birimo urujijo, gucika intege, no kwishima.<ref name="Wil2016">{{Cite journal|last=Williams|first=DM|last2=Gallagher|first2=M|last3=Handley|first3=J|last4=Stephens|first4=JW|title=The clinical management of hyponatraemia.|journal=Postgraduate Medical Journal|date=July 2016|volume=92|issue=1089|pages=407–11|pmid=27044859|doi=10.1136/postgradmedj-2015-133740|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="Endo2010">{{Cite journal|last=Ball|first=S|last2=De Groot|first2=LJ|last3=Beck-Peccoz|first3=P|last4=Chrousos|first4=G|last5=Dungan|first5=K|last6=Grossman|first6=A|last7=Hershman|first7=JM|last8=Koch|first8=C|last9=McLachlan|first9=R|last10=New|first10=M|last11=Rebar|first11=R|last12=Singer|first12=F|last13=Vinik|first13=A|last14=Weickert|first14=MO|title=Hyponatremia|date=2000|pmid=25905359|id=Accessed 1 August 2016|journal=GUIDELINES}}</ref> Ingorane zishobora kuba zirimo indwara ya osmotic demyelination syndrome.<ref name="Stat2022">{{Cite journal|last=Rondon|first=H|last2=Badireddy|first2=M|title=Hyponatremia|date=January 2022|pmid=29262111|journal=StatPearls}}</ref> Impamvu zikunze gushyirwa mu byiciro hakurikijwe uko amazi y'umubiri w'umuntu ameze mu buryo bugaragara, ubunini busanzwe, cyangwa ubunini bwinshi.<ref name="CMAJ2014" /> Kugabanuka k'umuvuduko w'amaraso mu mubiri bishobora guterwa no [[Impiswi|gucibwamo]], [[kuruka]], imiti igabanya ubukana bw'amaraso, no kubira ibyuya.<ref name="CMAJ2014" /> Hyponatremia isanzwe igabanyijemo ibice birimo inkari zivanze n'inkari nyinshi.<ref name="CMAJ2014" /> Mu bihe inkari zigabanuka harimo kunanirwa kw'intanga ngore, [[umukoresha:Doc James/Hypothyroidism|hypothyroidism]], no kunywa amazi menshi cyangwa inzoga nyinshi.<ref name="CMAJ2014" /> Mu bihe inkari ziba zirimo indwara yo gusohora imisemburo idahwitse yo kurwanya diuretike (SIADH).<ref name="CMAJ2014" /> Kugabanuka k'umuvuduko mwinshi w'amaraso bishobora guterwa no [[kunanirwa k'umutima]], kunanirwa k'umwijima, no [[kunanirwa kw'impyiko]].<ref name="CMAJ2014" /> Ibintu bishobora gutuma umuntu apimwa sodiyumu nkeya mu buryo butari bwo birimo poroteyine nyinshi mu maraso nko muri myeloma nyinshi, ibinure byinshi mu maraso, n'isukari nyinshi mu maraso.<ref name="Fil2016">{{Cite journal|last=Filippatos|first=TD|last2=Liamis|first2=G|last3=Christopoulou|first3=F|last4=Elisaf|first4=MS|title=Ten common pitfalls in the evaluation of patients with hyponatremia.|journal=European Journal of Internal Medicine|date=April 2016|volume=29|pages=22–25|pmid=26706473|doi=10.1016/j.ejim.2015.11.022|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="Ros2013">{{Cite book|last=Marx|first=John|last2=Walls|first2=Ron|last3=Hockberger|first3=Robert|title=Rosen's Emergency Medicine – Concepts and Clinical Practice|date=2013|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=978-1455749874|pages=1639–42|edition=8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uggC0i jXAsC&pg=PA1642|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160815214853/https://books.google.ca/books?id=uggC0i jXAsC&pg=PA1642|archive-date=2016-08-15}}</ref> Ubuvuzi bushingiye ku mpamvu nyamukuru.<ref name="CMAJ2014" /> Gukosora hyponatremia vuba cyane bishobora gutera ingorane.<ref name="Fil2016" /> Gukosora byihuse igice cy’umunyu usanzwe wa 3% ni byiza gusa ku bafite ibimenyetso bikomeye ndetse rimwe na rimwe n’abarwaye indwara yihuse.<ref name="CMAJ2014" /><ref name="Ros2013" /> Hyponatremia y'umuvuduko muke ikunze kuvurwa na saline isanzwe yo mu mitsi.<ref name="CMAJ2014" /> Ubusanzwe SIADH ivurwa hakosowe impamvu nyamukuru no kugabanya amazi mu gihe hyponatremia nyinshi ivurwa hagabanywa amazi muke ndetse n'indyo irimo umunyu muke.<ref name="CMAJ2014" /> Muri rusange, gukosora bigomba gukorwa buhoro buhoro ku bantu bamaze iminsi irenga ibiri bafite ikibazo cyo hasi.<ref name="CMAJ2014" /> Hyponatremia ni bwo bwoko bukunze kugaragara cyane bw'ihindagurika ry'ama-electrolyte.<ref name="Din2017">{{Cite journal|last=Dineen|first=R|last2=Thompson|first2=CJ|last3=Sherlock|first3=M|title=Hyponatraemia – presentations and management.|journal=Clinical Medicine|date=June 2017|volume=17|issue=3|pages=263–69|doi=10.7861/clinmedicine.17-3-263|pmid=28572229|pmc=6297575}}</ref> Bibaho hafi 20% by'abantu bajyanywe mu bitaro na 10% by'abantu mu gihe cy'imikino yo kwihangana cyangwa nyuma yayo.<ref name="Ann2015" /><ref name="Fil2016" /> Mu bari mu bitaro, hyponatremia ifitanye isano no kwiyongera k'ibyago byo gupfa.<ref name="Fil2016" /> Ikiguzi cy’ubukungu cya hyponatremia kibarwa kuri miliyari 2.6 z’amadolari muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Simon|first=Eric E.|title=Hyponatremia: Evaluation and Treatment|date=2014|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=978-1461466451|page=205|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Sd69BAAAQBAJ&pg=PA205|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160815225038/https://books.google.ca/books?id=Sd69BAAAQBAJ&pg=PA205|archive-date=2016-08-15}}</ref> == Iriburiro == <references /> snqnqeqsptfr4ihi8igihe8o4h6gjic 148851 148850 2026-11-04T10:28:30Z Stevenndori289 10902 Hyponatremia 148851 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Hyponatremia Care Plan - NCLEX GoodNurse.jpg|thumb|Hyponatremia]] '''Hyponatremia''' ni urugero ruto rwa sodiyumu mu maraso.<ref name="CMAJ2014">{{Cite journal|last=Lee|first=JJ|last2=Kilonzo|first2=K|last3=Nistico|first3=A|last4=Yeates|first4=K|title=Management of hyponatremia.|journal=CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association Journal|date=13 May 2014|volume=186|issue=8|pages=E281–86|pmid=24344146|doi=10.1503/cmaj.120887|pmc=4016091}}</ref> Muri rusange isobanurwa nk'igipimo cya sodiyumu kiri munsi ya 135 mmol/L (135 mEq/L ), aho hyponatremia ikomeye iri munsi ya 120 mEq/L.<ref name="Ann2015" /><ref>{{Cite book|first=Kanu|last=Chatterjee|first2=Mark|last2=Anderson|first3=Donald|last3=Heistad|first4=Richard E.|last4=Kerber|title=Manual of Heart Failure|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ka3TAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA142#v=onepage|page=142|publisher=JP Medical Ltd|year=2014|isbn=978-9350906309|via=Google Books|access-date=2020-06-02|archive-date=2020-08-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803160904/https://books.google.com/books?id=ka3TAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA142#v=onepage|url-status=live}}</ref> Ibimenyetso bishobora kuba bitagaragara, byoroheje cyangwa bikomeye.<ref name="Wil2016" /><ref name="Endo2010" /> Ibimenyetso byoroheje birimo kugabanuka k'ubushobozi bwo gutekereza, [[Umutwe|kuribwa umutwe]], isesemi, no kuringaniza ibintu.<ref name="Ann2015">{{Cite journal|last=Henry|first=DA|title=In The Clinic: Hyponatremia.|journal=Annals of Internal Medicine|date=4 August 2015|volume=163|issue=3|pages=ITC1–19|pmid=26237763|doi=10.7326/aitc201508040}}</ref> Ibimenyetso bikomeye birimo urujijo, gucika intege, no kwishima.<ref name="Wil2016">{{Cite journal|last=Williams|first=DM|last2=Gallagher|first2=M|last3=Handley|first3=J|last4=Stephens|first4=JW|title=The clinical management of hyponatraemia.|journal=Postgraduate Medical Journal|date=July 2016|volume=92|issue=1089|pages=407–11|pmid=27044859|doi=10.1136/postgradmedj-2015-133740|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="Endo2010">{{Cite journal|last=Ball|first=S|last2=De Groot|first2=LJ|last3=Beck-Peccoz|first3=P|last4=Chrousos|first4=G|last5=Dungan|first5=K|last6=Grossman|first6=A|last7=Hershman|first7=JM|last8=Koch|first8=C|last9=McLachlan|first9=R|last10=New|first10=M|last11=Rebar|first11=R|last12=Singer|first12=F|last13=Vinik|first13=A|last14=Weickert|first14=MO|title=Hyponatremia|date=2000|pmid=25905359|id=Accessed 1 August 2016|journal=GUIDELINES}}</ref> Ingorane zishobora kuba zirimo indwara ya osmotic demyelination syndrome.<ref name="Stat2022">{{Cite journal|last=Rondon|first=H|last2=Badireddy|first2=M|title=Hyponatremia|date=January 2022|pmid=29262111|journal=StatPearls}}</ref> Impamvu zikunze gushyirwa mu byiciro hakurikijwe uko amazi y'umubiri w'umuntu ameze mu buryo bugaragara, ubunini busanzwe, cyangwa ubunini bwinshi.<ref name="CMAJ2014" /> Kugabanuka k'umuvuduko w'amaraso mu mubiri bishobora guterwa no [[Impiswi|gucibwamo]], [[kuruka]], imiti igabanya ubukana bw'amaraso, no kubira ibyuya.<ref name="CMAJ2014" /> Hyponatremia isanzwe igabanyijemo ibice birimo inkari zivanze n'inkari nyinshi.<ref name="CMAJ2014" /> Mu bihe inkari zigabanuka harimo kunanirwa kw'intanga ngore, [[umukoresha:Doc James/Hypothyroidism|hypothyroidism]], no kunywa amazi menshi cyangwa inzoga nyinshi.<ref name="CMAJ2014" /> Mu bihe inkari ziba zirimo indwara yo gusohora imisemburo idahwitse yo kurwanya diuretike (SIADH).<ref name="CMAJ2014" /> Kugabanuka k'umuvuduko mwinshi w'amaraso bishobora guterwa no [[kunanirwa k'umutima]], kunanirwa k'umwijima, no [[kunanirwa kw'impyiko]].<ref name="CMAJ2014" /> Ibintu bishobora gutuma umuntu apimwa sodiyumu nkeya mu buryo butari bwo birimo poroteyine nyinshi mu maraso nko muri myeloma nyinshi, ibinure byinshi mu maraso, n'isukari nyinshi mu maraso.<ref name="Fil2016">{{Cite journal|last=Filippatos|first=TD|last2=Liamis|first2=G|last3=Christopoulou|first3=F|last4=Elisaf|first4=MS|title=Ten common pitfalls in the evaluation of patients with hyponatremia.|journal=European Journal of Internal Medicine|date=April 2016|volume=29|pages=22–25|pmid=26706473|doi=10.1016/j.ejim.2015.11.022|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="Ros2013">{{Cite book|last=Marx|first=John|last2=Walls|first2=Ron|last3=Hockberger|first3=Robert|title=Rosen's Emergency Medicine – Concepts and Clinical Practice|date=2013|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=978-1455749874|pages=1639–42|edition=8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uggC0i jXAsC&pg=PA1642|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160815214853/https://books.google.ca/books?id=uggC0i jXAsC&pg=PA1642|archive-date=2016-08-15}}</ref> Ubuvuzi bushingiye ku mpamvu nyamukuru.<ref name="CMAJ2014" /> Gukosora hyponatremia vuba cyane bishobora gutera ingorane.<ref name="Fil2016" /> Gukosora byihuse igice cy’umunyu usanzwe wa 3% ni byiza gusa ku bafite ibimenyetso bikomeye ndetse rimwe na rimwe n’abarwaye indwara yihuse.<ref name="CMAJ2014" /><ref name="Ros2013" /> Hyponatremia y'umuvuduko muke ikunze kuvurwa na saline isanzwe yo mu mitsi.<ref name="CMAJ2014" /> Ubusanzwe SIADH ivurwa hakosowe impamvu nyamukuru no kugabanya amazi mu gihe hyponatremia nyinshi ivurwa hagabanywa amazi muke ndetse n'indyo irimo umunyu muke.<ref name="CMAJ2014" /> Muri rusange, gukosora bigomba gukorwa buhoro buhoro ku bantu bamaze iminsi irenga ibiri bafite ikibazo cyo hasi.<ref name="CMAJ2014" /> Hyponatremia ni bwo bwoko bukunze kugaragara cyane bw'ihindagurika ry'ama-electrolyte.<ref name="Din2017">{{Cite journal|last=Dineen|first=R|last2=Thompson|first2=CJ|last3=Sherlock|first3=M|title=Hyponatraemia – presentations and management.|journal=Clinical Medicine|date=June 2017|volume=17|issue=3|pages=263–69|doi=10.7861/clinmedicine.17-3-263|pmid=28572229|pmc=6297575}}</ref> Bibaho hafi 20% by'abantu bajyanywe mu bitaro na 10% by'abantu mu gihe cy'imikino yo kwihangana cyangwa nyuma yayo.<ref name="Ann2015" /><ref name="Fil2016" /> Mu bari mu bitaro, hyponatremia ifitanye isano no kwiyongera k'ibyago byo gupfa.<ref name="Fil2016" /> Ikiguzi cy’ubukungu cya hyponatremia kibarwa kuri miliyari 2.6 z’amadolari muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Simon|first=Eric E.|title=Hyponatremia: Evaluation and Treatment|date=2014|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=978-1461466451|page=205|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Sd69BAAAQBAJ&pg=PA205|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160815225038/https://books.google.ca/books?id=Sd69BAAAQBAJ&pg=PA205|archive-date=2016-08-15}}</ref> == Iriburiro == <references /> q2n8evj34bkxi1lxxu3ti91xm5qywm0 0 23983 148852 2026-11-04T10:29:24Z Stevenndori289 10902 Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1504394|Pityriasis rosea]] to:rw #mdwikicx 148852 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Pityriasis rosea''' ni ubwoko bw'uduheri ku ruhu.<ref name="Andrew2020.11">{{Cite book|last=James|first=William D.|last2=Elston|first2=Dirk|last3=Treat|first3=James R.|last4=Rosenbach|first4=Misha A.|last5=Neuhaus|first5=Isaac|title=Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology|date=2020|publisher=Elsevier|location=Edinburgh|isbn=978-0-323-54753-6|pages=205-206|edition=13th|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UEaEDwAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA205&dq=Pityriasis+rosea&hl=en|language=en|chapter=11. Pityriasis rosea, pityriasis rubra pilares, and other papulosquamous and hyperkeratotic diseases|access-date=2021-11-03|archive-date=2021-11-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211103165752/https://books.google.com/books?id=UEaEDwAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA205&dq=Pityriasis+rosea&hl=en|url-status=live}}</ref> Mu buryo bwa kera, itangirana n'agace kamwe gatukura kandi gafite ibibyimba bito kazwi nka "herald patch".<ref name="Morris2019">{{Cite book|last=Morris-Jones|first=Rachael|editor-last=Morris-Jones|editor-first=Rachael|title=ABC of Dermatology|date=2019|publisher=Wiley Blackwell|location=Hoboken|isbn=978-1-119-48899-6|pages=116-117|edition=7th|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Lm2fDwAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&dq=&hl=en|language=en|chapter=14. Viral infections|access-date=2022-06-09|archive-date=2022-05-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220516161949/https://books.google.com/books?id=Lm2fDwAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&dq=&hl=en|url-status=live}}</ref> Ibi bikurikirwa, nyuma y'iminsi runaka, n'utudomo twinshi duto tw'ibishishwa; umutuku ufite impande zitukura ku ruhu rwerurutse n'umukara ku ruhu rwijimye.<ref name="Li2021">{{Cite book|last=Onalaja|first=Amanda A.|last2=Taylor|first2=Susan C.|editor-last=Li|editor-first=Becky S.|editor-last2=Maibach|editor-first2=Howard I.|title=Ethnic Skin and Hair and Other Cultural Considerations|date=2021|publisher=Springer|location=Switzerland|isbn=978-3-030-64829-9|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id= m4hEAAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA10&dq=Pityriasis&hl=en|language=en|chapter=1. Defining skin color|page=10|access-date=2022-08-29|archive-date=2022-09-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920034050/https://books.google.com/books?id= m4hEAAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA10&dq=Pityriasis&hl=en|url-status=live}}</ref> Ubusanzwe imara igihe kitarenze amezi atatu kandi ishira nta muti.<ref name="BMJ2015">{{Cite journal|last=Eisman|first=S|last2=Sinclair|first2=R|title=Pityriasis rosea.|journal=BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.)|date=29 October 2015|volume=351|pages=h5233|pmid=26514823|doi=10.1136/bmj.h5233}}</ref> Hari igihe umuriro ushobora kugaragara mbere yuko hatangira gushya cyangwa gushyuha, ariko akenshi hari ibindi bimenyetso bike.<ref name="BMJ2015" /> Nubwo impamvu idasobanutse neza, bikekwa ko ifitanye isano na virusi ya herpes 6 y’abantu (HHV6) cyangwa virusi ya herpes 7 y’abantu (HHV7).<ref name="Morris2019" /> Bisa nkaho bitandura.<ref name="BMJ2015" /> Gusuzuma indwara bishingiye ku bimenyetso. Ishobora gusa na Tinea corporis, uduheri twa virusi, pityriasis versicolor, nummular eczema, seborrheic dermatitis, [[umukoresha:Doc James/Psoriasis|psoriasis]] na [[Mburugu|syphilis ya kabiri]].<ref name="BMJ2015" /><ref name="Andrew2020.11" /> Imiti imwe n'imwe ishobora no gutera uduheri nk'utwo.<ref name="BMJ2015" /> Ibimenyetso by'ubuvuzi bwihariye ni bike.<ref name="BMJ2015" /><ref name="Morris2019" /> Iyo bikubise cyangwa bibyimbye, amavuta ya steroid cyangwa amavuta yo kwisiga ashobora gusigwa.<ref name="Morris2019" /> Steroids zitangwa mu kanwa cyangwa aciclovir zishobora kwitabwaho mu gihe bikomeye.<ref name="Morris2019" /> Abantu bagera kuri 1.3% bagerwaho n’ingaruka mu gihe runaka.<ref name="BMJ2015" /> Akenshi ikunze kugaragara ku bantu bari hagati y'imyaka 10 na 40.<ref name="Andrew2020.11" /><ref name="Weedon2017.5">{{Cite book|last=Johnstone|first=Ronald B.|title=Weedon's Skin Pathology Essentials|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NTE DAAAQBAJ|year=2017|publisher=Elsevier|isbn=978-0-7020-6830-0|edition=2nd|pages=73|chapter=5. Spongiotic reaction pattern: Pityriasis rosea|access-date=2021-11-03|archive-date=2021-05-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210525215313/https://books.google.com/books?id=NTE DAAAQBAJ|url-status=live}}</ref> Hashobora kubaho abantu benshi mu mpeshyi no mu gihe cy'umuhindo.<ref name="Morris2019" /> Iyo ndwara yasobanuwe nibura mu 1798. == Iriburiro == <references /> p3e4jjomotzmyk4nkrv69zxv6zkpryy 148853 148852 2026-11-04T10:30:09Z Stevenndori289 10902 Pityriasis rosea 148853 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Pityriasis rosea 2.jpg|thumb|Pityriasis rosea]] '''Pityriasis rosea''' ni ubwoko bw'uduheri ku ruhu.<ref name="Andrew2020.11">{{Cite book|last=James|first=William D.|last2=Elston|first2=Dirk|last3=Treat|first3=James R.|last4=Rosenbach|first4=Misha A.|last5=Neuhaus|first5=Isaac|title=Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology|date=2020|publisher=Elsevier|location=Edinburgh|isbn=978-0-323-54753-6|pages=205-206|edition=13th|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UEaEDwAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA205&dq=Pityriasis+rosea&hl=en|language=en|chapter=11. Pityriasis rosea, pityriasis rubra pilares, and other papulosquamous and hyperkeratotic diseases|access-date=2021-11-03|archive-date=2021-11-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211103165752/https://books.google.com/books?id=UEaEDwAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA205&dq=Pityriasis+rosea&hl=en|url-status=live}}</ref> Mu buryo bwa kera, itangirana n'agace kamwe gatukura kandi gafite ibibyimba bito kazwi nka "herald patch".<ref name="Morris2019">{{Cite book|last=Morris-Jones|first=Rachael|editor-last=Morris-Jones|editor-first=Rachael|title=ABC of Dermatology|date=2019|publisher=Wiley Blackwell|location=Hoboken|isbn=978-1-119-48899-6|pages=116-117|edition=7th|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Lm2fDwAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&dq=&hl=en|language=en|chapter=14. Viral infections|access-date=2022-06-09|archive-date=2022-05-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220516161949/https://books.google.com/books?id=Lm2fDwAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&dq=&hl=en|url-status=live}}</ref> Ibi bikurikirwa, nyuma y'iminsi runaka, n'utudomo twinshi duto tw'ibishishwa; umutuku ufite impande zitukura ku ruhu rwerurutse n'umukara ku ruhu rwijimye.<ref name="Li2021">{{Cite book|last=Onalaja|first=Amanda A.|last2=Taylor|first2=Susan C.|editor-last=Li|editor-first=Becky S.|editor-last2=Maibach|editor-first2=Howard I.|title=Ethnic Skin and Hair and Other Cultural Considerations|date=2021|publisher=Springer|location=Switzerland|isbn=978-3-030-64829-9|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id= m4hEAAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA10&dq=Pityriasis&hl=en|language=en|chapter=1. Defining skin color|page=10|access-date=2022-08-29|archive-date=2022-09-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920034050/https://books.google.com/books?id= m4hEAAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA10&dq=Pityriasis&hl=en|url-status=live}}</ref> Ubusanzwe imara igihe kitarenze amezi atatu kandi ishira nta muti.<ref name="BMJ2015">{{Cite journal|last=Eisman|first=S|last2=Sinclair|first2=R|title=Pityriasis rosea.|journal=BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.)|date=29 October 2015|volume=351|pages=h5233|pmid=26514823|doi=10.1136/bmj.h5233}}</ref> Hari igihe umuriro ushobora kugaragara mbere yuko hatangira gushya cyangwa gushyuha, ariko akenshi hari ibindi bimenyetso bike.<ref name="BMJ2015" /> Nubwo impamvu idasobanutse neza, bikekwa ko ifitanye isano na virusi ya herpes 6 y’abantu (HHV6) cyangwa virusi ya herpes 7 y’abantu (HHV7).<ref name="Morris2019" /> Bisa nkaho bitandura.<ref name="BMJ2015" /> Gusuzuma indwara bishingiye ku bimenyetso. Ishobora gusa na Tinea corporis, uduheri twa virusi, pityriasis versicolor, nummular eczema, seborrheic dermatitis, [[umukoresha:Doc James/Psoriasis|psoriasis]] na [[Mburugu|syphilis ya kabiri]].<ref name="BMJ2015" /><ref name="Andrew2020.11" /> Imiti imwe n'imwe ishobora no gutera uduheri nk'utwo.<ref name="BMJ2015" /> Ibimenyetso by'ubuvuzi bwihariye ni bike.<ref name="BMJ2015" /><ref name="Morris2019" /> Iyo bikubise cyangwa bibyimbye, amavuta ya steroid cyangwa amavuta yo kwisiga ashobora gusigwa.<ref name="Morris2019" /> Steroids zitangwa mu kanwa cyangwa aciclovir zishobora kwitabwaho mu gihe bikomeye.<ref name="Morris2019" /> Abantu bagera kuri 1.3% bagerwaho n’ingaruka mu gihe runaka.<ref name="BMJ2015" /> Akenshi ikunze kugaragara ku bantu bari hagati y'imyaka 10 na 40.<ref name="Andrew2020.11" /><ref name="Weedon2017.5">{{Cite book|last=Johnstone|first=Ronald B.|title=Weedon's Skin Pathology Essentials|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NTE DAAAQBAJ|year=2017|publisher=Elsevier|isbn=978-0-7020-6830-0|edition=2nd|pages=73|chapter=5. Spongiotic reaction pattern: Pityriasis rosea|access-date=2021-11-03|archive-date=2021-05-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210525215313/https://books.google.com/books?id=NTE DAAAQBAJ|url-status=live}}</ref> Hashobora kubaho abantu benshi mu mpeshyi no mu gihe cy'umuhindo.<ref name="Morris2019" /> Iyo ndwara yasobanuwe nibura mu 1798. == Iriburiro == <references /> dog7grvnfakxlgacf0tmifl9d03z2z5 0 23984 148854 2026-11-04T10:31:00Z Stevenndori289 10902 Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1512762|Sumatriptan]] to:rw #mdwikicx 148854 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sumatriptan''', igurishwa ku izina rya '''Imitrex''' n'indi, ni umuti ukoreshwa mu kuvura [[Migraine|umutwe uterwa n'umutwe uterwa n'umutwe]] uterwa n'umutwe uterwa n'umutwe.<ref name="BNF76">{{Cite book|title=British national formulary : BNF 76|date=2018|publisher=Pharmaceutical Press|isbn=9780857113382|pages=474|edition=76}}</ref> Ifatwa mu kanwa, mu mazuru, cyangwa mu guterwa inshinge munsi y'uruhu.<ref name="AHFS2019">{{Cite web|title=Sumatriptan Monograph for Professionals|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/sumatriptan.html|website=Drugs.com|publisher=American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|access-date=3 March 2019|archive-date=7 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190307053941/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/sumatriptan.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Ingaruka muri rusange ziba mu masaha atatu.<ref name="AHFS2019" /> Ingaruka mbi zikunze kugaragara zirimo umuvuduko w'igituza, kumva umunaniro, kumva isi izunguruka, kuruka no kuribwa mu nda.<ref name="AHFS2019" /> Ingaruka mbi zishobora kuba zirimo [[Indwara ya Serotonin|serotonin syndrome]], [[Indwara y'umutima|indwara z'umutima]], gucika imitsi, no gucika intege.<ref name="AHFS2019" /> Iyo ukoresheje imiti cyane, ushobora kugira umutwe ukabije.<ref name="AHFS2019" /> Ntabwo birasobanuka neza niba gukoresha iyi miti mu gihe [[Imihango y'umugore utwite|cyo gutwita]] cyangwa [[konsa]] nta kibazo bifite.<ref name="Preg2019">{{Cite web|title=Sumatriptan Use During Pregnancy|url=https://www.drugs.com/pregnancy/sumatriptan.html|website=Drugs.com|access-date=3 March 2019|archive-date=6 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306235107/https://www.drugs.com/pregnancy/sumatriptan.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Uburyo bikora ntabwo busobanutse neza.<ref name="AHFS2019" /> Iri mu bwoko bwa triptan bw'imiti.<ref name="AHFS2019" /> Sumatriptan yahawe uburenganzira bwo gukoresha imiti mu 1982, yemererwa gukoreshwa mu buvuzi mu 1991.<ref name="Fis2006">{{Cite book|last=Fischer|first=Jnos|last2=Ganellin|first2=C. Robin|title=Analogue-based Drug Discovery|date=2006|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=9783527607495|page=531|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=FjKfqkaKkAAC&pg=PA531|access-date=2 March 2019|archive-date=6 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306043517/https://books.google.ca/books?id=FjKfqkaKkAAC&pg=PA531|url-status=live}}</ref> Iraboneka nk'umuti usanzwe.<ref name="BNF76" /> Iri ku rutonde rw'imiti y'ingenzi rw'Umuryango w'Abibumbye wita ku Buzima.<ref name="WHO22nd">{{Cite book|vauthors=((World Health Organization))|title=World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 22nd list (2021)|year=2021|hdl=10665/345533|author-link=World Health Organization|publisher=World Health Organization|location=Geneva|id=WHO/MHP/HPS/EML/2021.02|hdl-access=free}}</ref> Mu Bwongereza byatwaye NHS amafaranga agera kuri £1 kuri dose imwe mu 2019.<ref name="BNF76" /> Muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, ikiguzi cy'iyi ngano ni hafi 0.60$.<ref name="NADAC2019">{{Cite web|title=NADAC as of 2019-02-27|url=https://data.medicaid.gov/Drug-Pricing-and-Payment/NADAC-as-of-2019-02-27/s7c9-pfa6|website=Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services|access-date=3 March 2019|archive-date=6 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306044447/https://data.medicaid.gov/Drug-Pricing-and-Payment/NADAC-as-of-2019-02-27/s7c9-pfa6|url-status=dead}}</ref> Mu 2017, wari umuti wa 97 ukunze kwandikirwa muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, aho wanditswe n'abaganga barenga miliyoni umunani.<ref name="ref">{{Cite web|title=The Top 300 of 2020|url=https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx|website=ClinCalc|access-date=11 April 2020|archive-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200318234059/https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="ref1">{{Cite web|title=Sumatriptan - Drug Usage Statistics|website=ClinCalc|url=https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Drugs/Sumatriptan|access-date=11 April 2020|archive-date=8 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200708071516/https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Drugs/Sumatriptan|url-status=live}}</ref> Iraboneka kandi nk'umuti uvanze wa sumatriptan/naproxen ku giciro cy'amadolari 50 y'Amerika kuri buri dose.<ref name="NADAC2019" /> == Iriburiro == <references /> es48cch43ym4iqu6styyiwuvhkcblil 148855 148854 2026-11-04T10:31:30Z Stevenndori289 10902 Sumatriptan 148855 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Sumatriptan-3D-spacefill.png|thumb|Sumatriptan]] '''Sumatriptan''', igurishwa ku izina rya '''Imitrex''' n'indi, ni umuti ukoreshwa mu kuvura [[Migraine|umutwe uterwa n'umutwe uterwa n'umutwe]] uterwa n'umutwe uterwa n'umutwe.<ref name="BNF76">{{Cite book|title=British national formulary : BNF 76|date=2018|publisher=Pharmaceutical Press|isbn=9780857113382|pages=474|edition=76}}</ref> Ifatwa mu kanwa, mu mazuru, cyangwa mu guterwa inshinge munsi y'uruhu.<ref name="AHFS2019">{{Cite web|title=Sumatriptan Monograph for Professionals|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/sumatriptan.html|website=Drugs.com|publisher=American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|access-date=3 March 2019|archive-date=7 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190307053941/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/sumatriptan.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Ingaruka muri rusange ziba mu masaha atatu.<ref name="AHFS2019" /> Ingaruka mbi zikunze kugaragara zirimo umuvuduko w'igituza, kumva umunaniro, kumva isi izunguruka, kuruka no kuribwa mu nda.<ref name="AHFS2019" /> Ingaruka mbi zishobora kuba zirimo [[Indwara ya Serotonin|serotonin syndrome]], [[Indwara y'umutima|indwara z'umutima]], gucika imitsi, no gucika intege.<ref name="AHFS2019" /> Iyo ukoresheje imiti cyane, ushobora kugira umutwe ukabije.<ref name="AHFS2019" /> Ntabwo birasobanuka neza niba gukoresha iyi miti mu gihe [[Imihango y'umugore utwite|cyo gutwita]] cyangwa [[konsa]] nta kibazo bifite.<ref name="Preg2019">{{Cite web|title=Sumatriptan Use During Pregnancy|url=https://www.drugs.com/pregnancy/sumatriptan.html|website=Drugs.com|access-date=3 March 2019|archive-date=6 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306235107/https://www.drugs.com/pregnancy/sumatriptan.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Uburyo bikora ntabwo busobanutse neza.<ref name="AHFS2019" /> Iri mu bwoko bwa triptan bw'imiti.<ref name="AHFS2019" /> Sumatriptan yahawe uburenganzira bwo gukoresha imiti mu 1982, yemererwa gukoreshwa mu buvuzi mu 1991.<ref name="Fis2006">{{Cite book|last=Fischer|first=Jnos|last2=Ganellin|first2=C. Robin|title=Analogue-based Drug Discovery|date=2006|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=9783527607495|page=531|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=FjKfqkaKkAAC&pg=PA531|access-date=2 March 2019|archive-date=6 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306043517/https://books.google.ca/books?id=FjKfqkaKkAAC&pg=PA531|url-status=live}}</ref> Iraboneka nk'umuti usanzwe.<ref name="BNF76" /> Iri ku rutonde rw'imiti y'ingenzi rw'Umuryango w'Abibumbye wita ku Buzima.<ref name="WHO22nd">{{Cite book|vauthors=((World Health Organization))|title=World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 22nd list (2021)|year=2021|hdl=10665/345533|author-link=World Health Organization|publisher=World Health Organization|location=Geneva|id=WHO/MHP/HPS/EML/2021.02|hdl-access=free}}</ref> Mu Bwongereza byatwaye NHS amafaranga agera kuri £1 kuri dose imwe mu 2019.<ref name="BNF76" /> Muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, ikiguzi cy'iyi ngano ni hafi 0.60$.<ref name="NADAC2019">{{Cite web|title=NADAC as of 2019-02-27|url=https://data.medicaid.gov/Drug-Pricing-and-Payment/NADAC-as-of-2019-02-27/s7c9-pfa6|website=Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services|access-date=3 March 2019|archive-date=6 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306044447/https://data.medicaid.gov/Drug-Pricing-and-Payment/NADAC-as-of-2019-02-27/s7c9-pfa6|url-status=dead}}</ref> Mu 2017, wari umuti wa 97 ukunze kwandikirwa muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, aho wanditswe n'abaganga barenga miliyoni umunani.<ref name="ref">{{Cite web|title=The Top 300 of 2020|url=https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx|website=ClinCalc|access-date=11 April 2020|archive-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200318234059/https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="ref1">{{Cite web|title=Sumatriptan - Drug Usage Statistics|website=ClinCalc|url=https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Drugs/Sumatriptan|access-date=11 April 2020|archive-date=8 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200708071516/https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Drugs/Sumatriptan|url-status=live}}</ref> Iraboneka kandi nk'umuti uvanze wa sumatriptan/naproxen ku giciro cy'amadolari 50 y'Amerika kuri buri dose.<ref name="NADAC2019" /> == Iriburiro == <references /> 0l2qlvl8dpmno9wawh1so8urfkjg5yj 148868 148855 2026-11-04T11:33:30Z Score Beethoven 11559 148868 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox drug | image = Sumatriptan.svg | width = 200 | caption = Imiterere ya molekile ya Sumatriptan | tradename = Imitrex n'indi | routes_of_administration = Mu kanwa, Urushinge munsi y'uruhu, Mu mazuru | elimination_half-life = 2,5 amasaha | CAS_number = 103628-46-2 | ATC_prefix = N02 | ATC_suffix = CC01 | PubChem = 5358 | DrugBank = DB00669 | C = 14 | H = 21 | N = 3 | O = 2 | S = 1 }} '''Sumatriptan''', igurishwa ku izina rya '''Imitrex''' n'indi, ni umuti ukoreshwa mu kuvura [[Migraine|migraine]] n'umutwe ukabije uza mu bihe (''cluster headache''). == Ikoreshwa == [[Dosiye:Sumatriptan-3D-spacefill.png|thumb|left|Sumatriptan]] Sumatriptan, igurishwa ku izina rya Imitrex n'indi, ni umuti ukoreshwa mu kuvura [[Migraine|migraine]] n'umutwe ukabije uza mu bihe (''cluster headache'').<ref name="BNF76">{{Cite book|title=British national formulary : BNF 76|date=2018|publisher=Pharmaceutical Press|isbn=9780857113382|pages=474|edition=76}}</ref> Ifatwa mu kanwa, mu mazuru, cyangwa mu guterwa inshinge munsi y'uruhu.<ref name="AHFS2019">{{Cite web|title=Sumatriptan Monograph for Professionals|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/sumatriptan.html|website=Drugs.com|publisher=American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|access-date=3 March 2019|archive-date=7 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190307053941/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/sumatriptan.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Ingaruka muri rusange ziba mu masaha atatu.<ref name="AHFS2019" /> == Ingaruka mbi == Ingaruka mbi zikunze kugaragara zirimo umuvuduko w'igituza, kumva umunaniro, kumva isi izunguruka, kuruka no kuribwa mu nda.<ref name="AHFS2019" /> Ingaruka mbi zishobora kuba zirimo [[Indwara ya Serotonin|serotonin syndrome]], [[Indwara y'umutima|indwara z'umutima]], gucika imitsi, no gucika intege.<ref name="AHFS2019" /> Iyo ukoresheje imiti cyane, ushobora kugira umutwe ukabije.<ref name="AHFS2019" /> Ntabwo birasobanuka neza niba gukoresha iyi miti mu gihe [[Imihango y'umugore utwite|cyo gutwita]] cyangwa [[konsa]] nta kibazo bifite.<ref name="Preg2019">{{Cite web|title=Sumatriptan Use During Pregnancy|url=https://www.drugs.com/pregnancy/sumatriptan.html|website=Drugs.com|access-date=3 March 2019|archive-date=6 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306235107/https://www.drugs.com/pregnancy/sumatriptan.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Uburyo bikora ntabwo busobanutse neza.<ref name="AHFS2019" /> Iri mu bwoko bwa triptan bw'imiti.<ref name="AHFS2019" /> == Amateka == Sumatriptan yahawe uburenganzira bwo gukoresha imiti mu 1982, yemererwa gukoreshwa mu buvuzi mu 1991.<ref name="Fis2006">{{Cite book|last=Fischer|first=Jnos|last2=Ganellin|first2=C. Robin|title=Analogue-based Drug Discovery|date=2006|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=9783527607495|page=531|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=FjKfqkaKkAAC&pg=PA531|access-date=2 March 2019|archive-date=6 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306043517/https://books.google.ca/books?id=FjKfqkaKkAAC&pg=PA531|url-status=live}}</ref> Iraboneka nk'umuti usanzwe.<ref name="BNF76" /> Iri ku rutonde rw'imiti y'ingenzi rw'[[WHO|Umuryango w'Abibumbye wita ku Buzima]].<ref name="WHO22nd">{{Cite book|vauthors=((World Health Organization))|title=World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 22nd list (2021)|year=2021|hdl=10665/345533|publisher=World Health Organization|location=Geneva|id=WHO/MHP/HPS/EML/2021.02|hdl-access=free}}</ref> Mu [[Ubwongereza|Bwongereza]] byatwaye NHS amafaranga agera kuri £1 kuri dose imwe mu 2019.<ref name="BNF76" /> Muri [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika]], ikiguzi cy'iyi ngano ni hafi 0.60$.<ref name="NADAC2019">{{Cite web|title=NADAC as of 2019-02-27|url=https://data.medicaid.gov/Drug-Pricing-and-Payment/NADAC-as-of-2019-02-27/s7c9-pfa6|website=Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services|access-date=3 March 2019|archive-date=6 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306044447/https://data.medicaid.gov/Drug-Pricing-and-Payment/NADAC-as-of-2019-02-27/s7c9-pfa6|url-status=dead}}</ref> Mu 2017, wari umuti wa 97 ukunze kwandikirwa muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, aho wanditswe n'abaganga barenga miliyoni umunani.<ref name="ref">{{Cite web|title=The Top 300 of 2020|url=https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx|website=ClinCalc|access-date=11 April 2020|archive-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200318234059/https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="ref1">{{Cite web|title=Sumatriptan - Drug Usage Statistics|website=ClinCalc|url=https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Drugs/Sumatriptan|access-date=11 April 2020|archive-date=8 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200708071516/https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Drugs/Sumatriptan|url-status=live}}</ref> Iraboneka kandi nk'umuti uvanze wa sumatriptan/naproxen ku giciro cy'amadolari 50 y'Amerika kuri buri dose.<ref name="NADAC2019" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Sumatriptan|Amafoto ajyanye na Sumatriptan]] kuri Wikimedia Commons [[Ikiciro:Imiti]] [[Ikiciro:Ubuzima]] 558u2ne5qlirqfqioctzfhtab1gokbp 0 23985 148856 2026-11-04T10:33:45Z Stevenndori289 10902 Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1501328|Complex regional pain syndrome]] to:rw #mdwikicx 148856 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Indwara y’ububabare bw’akarere iteye ubwoba''' ( '''CRPS''' ) ni indwara irangwa n’ububabare bukabije n’uburibwe burambye nyuma y’igikomere.<ref name="NINDS2021">{{Cite web|title=Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Fact Sheet {{!}} National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke|url=https://www.ninds.nih.gov/Disorders/Patient-Caregiver-Education/Fact-Sheets/Complex-Regional-Pain-Syndrome-Fact-Sheet|website=www.ninds.nih.gov|access-date=9 March 2021|archive-date=1 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301015151/https://www.ninds.nih.gov/Disorders/Patient-Caregiver-Education/Fact-Sheets/Complex-Regional-Pain-Syndrome-Fact-Sheet|url-status=live}}</ref> Ibindi bimenyetso bikunze kugaragara birimo kubyimba, impinduka z'uruhu, kugenda gake, ndetse n'impinduka z'ubushyuhe mu gace kafashwe n'indwara.<ref name="Stat2021">{{Cite journal|last=Guthmiller|first=KB|last2=Varacallo|first2=M|title=Complex Regional Pain Syndrome|date=January 2021|pmid=28613470|journal=StatPearls}}</ref> Akenshi bitangirira ku gice cy'umubiri nubwo bishobora gukwirakwira no mu tundi duce.<ref name="Stat2021" /> Ntibisobanutse neza impamvu CRPS ibaho.<ref name="NINDS2021" /> Imbarutso akenshi iba ari ubwoko bw'imvune ku ngingo, akenshi ikaba ari ukuvunika kw'igufwa.<ref name="Stat2021" /> Ibintu bishobora gutera ingorane birimo stress yo mu mutwe.<ref name="Stat2021" /> Uburyo bw'ibanze bukubiyemo uburyo budasanzwe bwo kohereza amakuru mu buryo bw'imitsi, kudakora neza kw'imitsi, no kumva neza mu buryo bw'umubiri.<ref name="Stat2021" /> Ni ubwoko bw'ububabare bw'imitsi bufite ubwoko bubiri.<ref name="Stat2021" /> Gusuzuma indwara bishingiye ku bimenyetso nyuma yo gukuraho izindi mpamvu zishobora kuyitera.<ref name="Stat2021" /> Ibimenyetso by'ubuvuzi bwihariye muri rusange ni bibi.<ref name="Oc2013" /> Ingamba zitandukanye zishobora kuba zirimo physiotherapy, ubuvuzi bw'imyitwarire mu bwenge, steroid, [[gabapentin]], duloxetine, lidocaine patches, opioids, [[ketamine]], bisphosphonates, na nerves blocks.<ref name="Stat2021" /><ref name="Oc2013" /> Ibice bigize physiotherapy bishobora kuba birimo amashusho y’imitsi n’ubuvuzi bw’indorerwamo.<ref name="Oc2013">{{Cite journal|last=O'Connell|first=NE|last2=Wand|first2=BM|last3=McAuley|first3=J|last4=Marston|first4=L|last5=Moseley|first5=GL|title=Interventions for treating pain and disability in adults with complex regional pain syndrome.|journal=The Cochrane database of systematic reviews|date=30 April 2013|issue=4|pages=CD009416|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD009416.pub2|pmid=23633371}}</ref> Ibisubizo birahinduka.<ref name="NINDS2021" /> CRPS iherutse kwibasira abantu bagera kuri 6 ku bantu 100.000 buri mwaka.<ref name="Stat2021" /> Abagore bakunze kwibasirwa n’iyi ndwara inshuro eshatu kurusha abagabo.<ref name="Stat2021" /> Akenshi itangira ifata imyaka iri hafi 40.<ref name="NINDS2021" /> Iyi ndwara yasobanuwe bwa mbere mu 1864 na Silas Weir Mitchell.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Buschbacher|first=Ralph M.|title=Practical Guide to Musculoskeletal Disorders: Diagnosis and Rehabilitation|date=2002|publisher=Butterworth-Heinemann|isbn=978-0-7506-7357-0|page=269|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=kz6yBxqeG7oC&pg=PA269|language=en|access-date=2021-03-09|archive-date=2021-08-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210828044832/https://books.google.ca/books?id=kz6yBxqeG7oC&pg=PA269|url-status=live}}</ref> == Iriburiro == <references /> sickq1f91ynmyqklf2iclo3f5sb3ln1 148857 148856 2026-11-04T10:35:01Z Stevenndori289 10902 Indwara y'ububabare bw'akarere iteye ubwoba 148857 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Voet van fiene verstraete crps linkerbeen.jpg|thumb|[[Indwara y'ububabare bw'akarere iteye ubwoba]]]] '''Indwara y’ububabare bw’akarere iteye ubwoba''' ( '''CRPS''' ) ni indwara irangwa n’ububabare bukabije n’uburibwe burambye nyuma y’igikomere.<ref name="NINDS2021">{{Cite web|title=Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Fact Sheet {{!}} National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke|url=https://www.ninds.nih.gov/Disorders/Patient-Caregiver-Education/Fact-Sheets/Complex-Regional-Pain-Syndrome-Fact-Sheet|website=www.ninds.nih.gov|access-date=9 March 2021|archive-date=1 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301015151/https://www.ninds.nih.gov/Disorders/Patient-Caregiver-Education/Fact-Sheets/Complex-Regional-Pain-Syndrome-Fact-Sheet|url-status=live}}</ref> Ibindi bimenyetso bikunze kugaragara birimo kubyimba, impinduka z'uruhu, kugenda gake, ndetse n'impinduka z'ubushyuhe mu gace kafashwe n'indwara.<ref name="Stat2021">{{Cite journal|last=Guthmiller|first=KB|last2=Varacallo|first2=M|title=Complex Regional Pain Syndrome|date=January 2021|pmid=28613470|journal=StatPearls}}</ref> Akenshi bitangirira ku gice cy'umubiri nubwo bishobora gukwirakwira no mu tundi duce.<ref name="Stat2021" /> Ntibisobanutse neza impamvu CRPS ibaho.<ref name="NINDS2021" /> Imbarutso akenshi iba ari ubwoko bw'imvune ku ngingo, akenshi ikaba ari ukuvunika kw'igufwa.<ref name="Stat2021" /> Ibintu bishobora gutera ingorane birimo stress yo mu mutwe.<ref name="Stat2021" /> Uburyo bw'ibanze bukubiyemo uburyo budasanzwe bwo kohereza amakuru mu buryo bw'imitsi, kudakora neza kw'imitsi, no kumva neza mu buryo bw'umubiri.<ref name="Stat2021" /> Ni ubwoko bw'ububabare bw'imitsi bufite ubwoko bubiri.<ref name="Stat2021" /> Gusuzuma indwara bishingiye ku bimenyetso nyuma yo gukuraho izindi mpamvu zishobora kuyitera.<ref name="Stat2021" /> Ibimenyetso by'ubuvuzi bwihariye muri rusange ni bibi.<ref name="Oc2013" /> Ingamba zitandukanye zishobora kuba zirimo physiotherapy, ubuvuzi bw'imyitwarire mu bwenge, steroid, [[gabapentin]], duloxetine, lidocaine patches, opioids, [[ketamine]], bisphosphonates, na nerves blocks.<ref name="Stat2021" /><ref name="Oc2013" /> Ibice bigize physiotherapy bishobora kuba birimo amashusho y’imitsi n’ubuvuzi bw’indorerwamo.<ref name="Oc2013">{{Cite journal|last=O'Connell|first=NE|last2=Wand|first2=BM|last3=McAuley|first3=J|last4=Marston|first4=L|last5=Moseley|first5=GL|title=Interventions for treating pain and disability in adults with complex regional pain syndrome.|journal=The Cochrane database of systematic reviews|date=30 April 2013|issue=4|pages=CD009416|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD009416.pub2|pmid=23633371}}</ref> Ibisubizo birahinduka.<ref name="NINDS2021" /> CRPS iherutse kwibasira abantu bagera kuri 6 ku bantu 100.000 buri mwaka.<ref name="Stat2021" /> Abagore bakunze kwibasirwa n’iyi ndwara inshuro eshatu kurusha abagabo.<ref name="Stat2021" /> Akenshi itangira ifata imyaka iri hafi 40.<ref name="NINDS2021" /> Iyi ndwara yasobanuwe bwa mbere mu 1864 na Silas Weir Mitchell.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Buschbacher|first=Ralph M.|title=Practical Guide to Musculoskeletal Disorders: Diagnosis and Rehabilitation|date=2002|publisher=Butterworth-Heinemann|isbn=978-0-7506-7357-0|page=269|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=kz6yBxqeG7oC&pg=PA269|language=en|access-date=2021-03-09|archive-date=2021-08-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210828044832/https://books.google.ca/books?id=kz6yBxqeG7oC&pg=PA269|url-status=live}}</ref> == Iriburiro == <references /> j8n3887nrvythcbkvb8rscj3wdoxg0w 148863 148857 2026-11-04T11:15:16Z Score Beethoven 11559 148863 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Dosiye:Voet van fiene verstraete crps linkerbeen.jpg|thumb|left|[[Indwara y'ububabare bw'akarere iteye ubwoba]]]] '''Indwara y’ububabare bw’akarere iteye ubwoba''' ( CRPS ) ni indwara irangwa n’ububabare bukabije n’uburibwe burambye nyuma y’igikomere.<ref name="NINDS2021">{{Cite web|title=Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Fact Sheet {{!}} National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke|url=https://www.ninds.nih.gov/Disorders/Patient-Caregiver-Education/Fact-Sheets/Complex-Regional-Pain-Syndrome-Fact-Sheet|website=www.ninds.nih.gov|access-date=9 March 2021|archive-date=1 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301015151/https://www.ninds.nih.gov/Disorders/Patient-Caregiver-Education/Fact-Sheets/Complex-Regional-Pain-Syndrome-Fact-Sheet|url-status=live}}</ref> Ibindi bimenyetso bikunze kugaragara birimo kubyimba, impinduka z'uruhu, kugenda gake, ndetse n'impinduka z'ubushyuhe mu gace kafashwe n'indwara.<ref name="Stat2021">{{Cite journal|last=Guthmiller|first=KB|last2=Varacallo|first2=M|title=Complex Regional Pain Syndrome|date=January 2021|pmid=28613470|journal=StatPearls}}</ref> Akenshi bitangirira ku gice cy'umubiri nubwo bishobora gukwirakwira no mu tundi duce.<ref name="Stat2021" /> Ntibisobanutse neza impamvu CRPS ibaho.<ref name="NINDS2021" /> Imbarutso akenshi iba ari ubwoko bw'imvune ku ngingo, akenshi ikaba ari ukuvunika kw'igufwa.<ref name="Stat2021" /> Ibintu bishobora gutera ingorane birimo stress yo mu mutwe.<ref name="Stat2021" /> Uburyo bw'ibanze bukubiyemo uburyo budasanzwe bwo kohereza amakuru mu buryo bw'imitsi, kudakora neza kw'imitsi, no kumva neza mu buryo bw'umubiri.<ref name="Stat2021" /> Ni ubwoko bw'ububabare bw'imitsi bufite ubwoko bubiri.<ref name="Stat2021" /> Gusuzuma indwara bishingiye ku bimenyetso nyuma yo gukuraho izindi mpamvu zishobora kuyitera.<ref name="Stat2021" /> Ibimenyetso by'ubuvuzi bwihariye muri rusange ni bibi.<ref name="Oc2013" /> Ingamba zitandukanye zishobora kuba zirimo physiotherapy, ubuvuzi bw'imyitwarire mu bwenge, steroid, [[gabapentin]], duloxetine, lidocaine patches, opioids, [[ketamine]], bisphosphonates, na nerves blocks.<ref name="Stat2021" /><ref name="Oc2013" /> Ibice bigize physiotherapy bishobora kuba birimo amashusho y’imitsi n’ubuvuzi bw’indorerwamo.<ref name="Oc2013">{{Cite journal|last=O'Connell|first=NE|last2=Wand|first2=BM|last3=McAuley|first3=J|last4=Marston|first4=L|last5=Moseley|first5=GL|title=Interventions for treating pain and disability in adults with complex regional pain syndrome.|journal=The Cochrane database of systematic reviews|date=30 April 2013|issue=4|pages=CD009416|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD009416.pub2|pmid=23633371}}</ref> Ibisubizo birahinduka.<ref name="NINDS2021" /> CRPS iherutse kwibasira abantu bagera kuri 6 ku bantu 100.000 buri mwaka.<ref name="Stat2021" /> Abagore bakunze kwibasirwa n’iyi ndwara inshuro eshatu kurusha abagabo.<ref name="Stat2021" /> Akenshi itangira ifata imyaka iri hafi 40.<ref name="NINDS2021" /> Iyi ndwara yasobanuwe bwa mbere mu 1864 na Silas Weir Mitchell.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Buschbacher|first=Ralph M.|title=Practical Guide to Musculoskeletal Disorders: Diagnosis and Rehabilitation|date=2002|publisher=Butterworth-Heinemann|isbn=978-0-7506-7357-0|page=269|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=kz6yBxqeG7oC&pg=PA269|language=en|access-date=2021-03-09|archive-date=2021-08-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210828044832/https://books.google.ca/books?id=kz6yBxqeG7oC&pg=PA269|url-status=live}}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Complex regional pain syndrome|Amafoto ajyanye na Indwara y'ububabare bw'akarere iteye ubwoba]] kuri Wikimedia Commons [[Ikiciro:Indwara]] [[Ikiciro:Ubuzima]] rjgwdl1zsiwty6slv52j1y789l6lpp4 0 23986 148858 2026-11-04T10:36:06Z Stevenndori289 10902 Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1456694|Zopiclone]] to:rw #mdwikicx 148858 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Zopiclone''', igurishwa ku izina rya '''Imovane''' n'indi, ni umuti ukoreshwa mu kuvura [[Kubura ibitotsi|ibibazo byo gusinzira]].<ref name="At2018">{{Cite journal|last=Atkin|first=Tobias|last2=Comai|first2=Stefano|last3=Gobbi|first3=Gabriella|title=Drugs for Insomnia beyond Benzodiazepines: Pharmacology, Clinical Applications, and Discovery|journal=Pharmacological Reviews|date=April 2018|volume=70|issue=2|pages=197–245|doi=10.1124/pr.117.014381|pmid=29487083}}</ref> Zopiclone isabwa gukoreshwa mu gihe gito gusa, akenshi ntigomba kurenza icyumweru kimwe cyangwa bibiri.<ref name="NICE2004">{{Cite web|url=https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ta77/resources/guidance-on-the-use-of-zaleplon-zolpidem-and-zopiclone-for-the-shortterm-management-of-insomnia-pdf-2294763557317|title=Archived copy|access-date=2012-05-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120713123827/http://www.nice.org.uk/nicemedia/pdf/TA077publicinfoenglish.pdf|archive-date=2012-07-13|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ifatwa mu kanwa.<ref name="BNF79">{{Cite book|title=BNF 79 : March 2020.|date=2020|publisher=Royal Pharmaceutical Society|location=London|isbn=9780857113658|page=504}}</ref> Ingaruka mbi zirimo kugabanuka k'ubushobozi bwo gutekereza, umubiri ukamenyera ingaruka ( kwihanganira ), kugaruka vuba kw'ingorane zo gusinzira iyo uhagaze, uguye, no kuba imbata.<ref name="At2018" /> Izindi ngaruka mbi zirimo kuma mu kanwa no guhinduka mu myitwarire.<ref name="BNF79" /> Ntibyemewe gukoresha iyi mashini ku bantu bafite ikibazo cyo guhumeka nabi mu gihe cyo gusinzira.<ref name="BNF79" /> Ibimenyetso byo kureka gukoresha imiti bishobora kugaragara iyo bihagaritswe vuba.<ref name="BNF79" /> Ntibyemewe kuyikoresha mu gihe cyo gutwita, cyane cyane iyo utwite utinze kuko kuyikoresha bishobora guteza ibibazo ku mwana uri kuvuka.<ref name="BNF79" /> Gukoresha kandi ntibisabwa mu gihe cyo konsa.<ref name="BNF79" /> Zopiclone ni umuti utuma umuntu aruhuka kandi ukaba umuti wa Z.<ref name="NICE2004" /> Ikora binyuze muri receptor ya benzodiazepine.<ref name="Rav2011">{{Cite book|last=Ravina|first=Enrique|title=The Evolution of Drug Discovery: From Traditional Medicines to Modern Drugs|date=2011|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-3-527-32669-3|page=68|url=https://www.google.ca/books/edition/The Evolution of Drug Discovery/iDNy0XxGqT8C?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Zopiclone+discovery&pg=PA68|access-date=5 October 2020|language=en|archive-date=27 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210827200404/https://www.google.ca/books/edition/The Evolution of Drug Discovery/iDNy0XxGqT8C?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Zopiclone+discovery&pg=PA68|url-status=live}}</ref> Zopiclone yakozwe mu 1985.<ref name="Rav2011" /> Yatangiye kugurishwa muri Kanada mu 1990.<ref name="Hol2000">{{Cite journal|last=Holbrook|first=AM|last2=Crowther|first2=R|last3=Lotter|first3=A|last4=Cheng|first4=C|last5=King|first5=D|title=Meta-analysis of benzodiazepine use in the treatment of insomnia.|journal=CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne|date=25 January 2000|volume=162|issue=2|pages=225-33|pmid=10674059}}</ref> Mu Bwongereza iraboneka nk'umuti usanzwe kandi gutanga imiti mu kwezi bitwara NHS hafi ikiro kimwe kugeza mu 2020.<ref name="BNF79" /> Muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, zopiclone ntiboneka ku isoko, nubwo eszopiclone.<ref name="Drugs2020">{{Cite web|url=https://www.drugs.com/cons/zopiclone.html|title=Zopiclone consumer information from|publisher=Drugs.com|access-date=2013-06-06|archive-date=2018-06-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612144055/https://www.drugs.com/cons/zopiclone.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Zopiclone ni ikintu kigenzurwa muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika no mu Bwongereza.<ref name="Drugs2020" /><ref name="BNF79" /> == Iriburiro == <references /> 50gdso0xjuwybacom4mmt8m64oxrtqt 148859 148858 2026-11-04T10:36:59Z Stevenndori289 10902 Zopiclone 148859 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Zopiclone Actavis 5mg.jpg|thumb|Zopiclone]] '''Zopiclone''', igurishwa ku izina rya '''Imovane''' n'indi, ni umuti ukoreshwa mu kuvura [[Kubura ibitotsi|ibibazo byo gusinzira]].<ref name="At2018">{{Cite journal|last=Atkin|first=Tobias|last2=Comai|first2=Stefano|last3=Gobbi|first3=Gabriella|title=Drugs for Insomnia beyond Benzodiazepines: Pharmacology, Clinical Applications, and Discovery|journal=Pharmacological Reviews|date=April 2018|volume=70|issue=2|pages=197–245|doi=10.1124/pr.117.014381|pmid=29487083}}</ref> Zopiclone isabwa gukoreshwa mu gihe gito gusa, akenshi ntigomba kurenza icyumweru kimwe cyangwa bibiri.<ref name="NICE2004">{{Cite web|url=https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ta77/resources/guidance-on-the-use-of-zaleplon-zolpidem-and-zopiclone-for-the-shortterm-management-of-insomnia-pdf-2294763557317|title=Archived copy|access-date=2012-05-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120713123827/http://www.nice.org.uk/nicemedia/pdf/TA077publicinfoenglish.pdf|archive-date=2012-07-13|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ifatwa mu kanwa.<ref name="BNF79">{{Cite book|title=BNF 79 : March 2020.|date=2020|publisher=Royal Pharmaceutical Society|location=London|isbn=9780857113658|page=504}}</ref> Ingaruka mbi zirimo kugabanuka k'ubushobozi bwo gutekereza, umubiri ukamenyera ingaruka ( kwihanganira ), kugaruka vuba kw'ingorane zo gusinzira iyo uhagaze, uguye, no kuba imbata.<ref name="At2018" /> Izindi ngaruka mbi zirimo kuma mu kanwa no guhinduka mu myitwarire.<ref name="BNF79" /> Ntibyemewe gukoresha iyi mashini ku bantu bafite ikibazo cyo guhumeka nabi mu gihe cyo gusinzira.<ref name="BNF79" /> Ibimenyetso byo kureka gukoresha imiti bishobora kugaragara iyo bihagaritswe vuba.<ref name="BNF79" /> Ntibyemewe kuyikoresha mu gihe cyo gutwita, cyane cyane iyo utwite utinze kuko kuyikoresha bishobora guteza ibibazo ku mwana uri kuvuka.<ref name="BNF79" /> Gukoresha kandi ntibisabwa mu gihe cyo konsa.<ref name="BNF79" /> Zopiclone ni umuti utuma umuntu aruhuka kandi ukaba umuti wa Z.<ref name="NICE2004" /> Ikora binyuze muri receptor ya benzodiazepine.<ref name="Rav2011">{{Cite book|last=Ravina|first=Enrique|title=The Evolution of Drug Discovery: From Traditional Medicines to Modern Drugs|date=2011|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-3-527-32669-3|page=68|url=https://www.google.ca/books/edition/The Evolution of Drug Discovery/iDNy0XxGqT8C?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Zopiclone+discovery&pg=PA68|access-date=5 October 2020|language=en|archive-date=27 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210827200404/https://www.google.ca/books/edition/The Evolution of Drug Discovery/iDNy0XxGqT8C?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Zopiclone+discovery&pg=PA68|url-status=live}}</ref> Zopiclone yakozwe mu 1985.<ref name="Rav2011" /> Yatangiye kugurishwa muri Kanada mu 1990.<ref name="Hol2000">{{Cite journal|last=Holbrook|first=AM|last2=Crowther|first2=R|last3=Lotter|first3=A|last4=Cheng|first4=C|last5=King|first5=D|title=Meta-analysis of benzodiazepine use in the treatment of insomnia.|journal=CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne|date=25 January 2000|volume=162|issue=2|pages=225-33|pmid=10674059}}</ref> Mu Bwongereza iraboneka nk'umuti usanzwe kandi gutanga imiti mu kwezi bitwara NHS hafi ikiro kimwe kugeza mu 2020.<ref name="BNF79" /> Muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, zopiclone ntiboneka ku isoko, nubwo eszopiclone.<ref name="Drugs2020">{{Cite web|url=https://www.drugs.com/cons/zopiclone.html|title=Zopiclone consumer information from|publisher=Drugs.com|access-date=2013-06-06|archive-date=2018-06-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612144055/https://www.drugs.com/cons/zopiclone.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Zopiclone ni ikintu kigenzurwa muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika no mu Bwongereza.<ref name="Drugs2020" /><ref name="BNF79" /> == Iriburiro == <references /> 09bhqa8mccaw3uxuey77tm1wbm36kjp 148862 148859 2026-11-04T11:06:42Z Score Beethoven 11559 148862 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Zopiclone''' (izina ry'ubucuruzi: ''Imovane'') ni umuti uvura [[Kubura ibitotsi|ibibazo byo kubura ibitotsi]]. Ufatwa mu kanwa. Ugomba gukoreshwa igihe gito gusa. Zopiclone yakozwe mu 1985. Ni umuti utera ibitotsi wo mu itsinda ry'imiti yitwa « Z ». == Ikoreshwa == [[File:Zopiclone Actavis 5mg.jpg|thumb|left|Ibinini bya Zopiclone]] Zopiclone ikoreshwa mu kuvura ibibazo byo kubura ibitotsi.<ref name="At2018">{{Cite journal|last=Atkin|first=Tobias|last2=Comai|first2=Stefano|last3=Gobbi|first3=Gabriella|title=Drugs for Insomnia beyond Benzodiazepines: Pharmacology, Clinical Applications, and Discovery|journal=Pharmacological Reviews|date=April 2018|volume=70|issue=2|pages=197–245|doi=10.1124/pr.117.014381|pmid=29487083}}</ref> Igomba gukoreshwa igihe gito. Akenshi ntirenza icyumweru kimwe cyangwa bibiri.<ref name="NICE2004">{{Cite web|url=https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ta77/resources/guidance-on-the-use-of-zaleplon-zolpidem-and-zopiclone-for-the-shortterm-management-of-insomnia-pdf-2294763557317|title=Guidance on the use of zaleplon, zolpidem and zopiclone for the short-term management of insomnia |publisher=NICE|access-date=2012-05-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120713123827/http://www.nice.org.uk/nicemedia/pdf/TA077publicinfoenglish.pdf|archive-date=2012-07-13|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ifatwa mu kanwa.<ref name="BNF79">{{Cite book|title=BNF 79 : March 2020.|date=2020|publisher=Royal Pharmaceutical Society|location=London|isbn=9780857113658|page=504}}</ref> == Ingaruka mbi == Zopiclone ishobora kugabanya ubushobozi bwo gutekereza. Umubiri ushobora kuyimenyera. Iyo umuntu ayihagaritse, ibibazo byo kubura ibitotsi bishobora kugaruka vuba. Ishobora gutera kugwa no kuba imbata yayo.<ref name="At2018" /> Izindi ngaruka ni kuma mu kanwa no guhinduka mu myitwarire.<ref name="BNF79" /> Uyu muti ntukwiye gukoreshwa n'abantu bafite ikibazo cyo guhagarara guhumeka mu gihe basinziriye.<ref name="BNF79" /> Iyo uhagaritswe vuba, hashobora kugaragara ibimenyetso byo kuwureka.<ref name="BNF79" /> Ntukwiye gukoreshwa mu gihe cyo gutwita, cyane cyane mu mezi ya nyuma. Ushobora guteza ibibazo umwana uvuka.<ref name="BNF79" /> Ntusabwa no mu gihe cyo konsa.<ref name="BNF79" /> == Uko ukora == Zopiclone ni umuti utuma umuntu atuza kandi agasinzira. Ni umwe mu miti yitwa « Z ».<ref name="NICE2004" /> Ikora ku byakira benzodiazepine (''benzodiazepine receptor'').<ref name="Rav2011">{{Cite book|last=Ravina|first=Enrique|title=The Evolution of Drug Discovery: From Traditional Medicines to Modern Drugs|date=2011|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-3-527-32669-3|page=68|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iDNy0XxGqT8C&pg=PA68 |access-date=5 October 2020|language=en}}</ref> == Amateka == Zopiclone yakozwe mu 1985.<ref name="Rav2011" /> Yatangiye kugurishwa muri Kanada mu 1990.<ref name="Hol2000">{{Cite journal|last=Holbrook|first=AM|last2=Crowther|first2=R|last3=Lotter|first3=A|last4=Cheng|first4=C|last5=King|first5=D|title=Meta-analysis of benzodiazepine use in the treatment of insomnia.|journal=CMAJ|date=25 January 2000|volume=162|issue=2|pages=225-33|pmid=10674059}}</ref> Mu Bwongereza, iboneka nk'umuti usanzwe (''générique''). Mu 2020, imiti y'ukwezi kumwe yatwaraga NHS hafi ipawundi imwe.<ref name="BNF79" /> Muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, zopiclone ntigurishwa. Ariko eszopiclone iragurishwa.<ref name="Drugs2020">{{Cite web|url=https://www.drugs.com/cons/zopiclone.html|title=Zopiclone consumer information from|publisher=Drugs.com|access-date=2013-06-06|archive-date=2018-06-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612144055/https://www.drugs.com/cons/zopiclone.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Zopiclone ni umuti ugenzurwa muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika no mu Bwongereza.<ref name="Drugs2020" /><ref name="BNF79" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Zopiclone|Amafoto ya Zopiclone]] kuri Wikimedia Commons [[Ikiciro:Imiti]] [[Ikiciro:Ubuzima]] f3s9adc0mtt0job1qm8qzxe72fik8b3 148865 148862 2026-11-04T11:26:56Z Score Beethoven 11559 148865 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox drug | image = Zopiclone structure.svg | width = 200 | caption = Imiterere ya molekile ya zopiclone | tradename = Imovane, Zimovane n'indi | class = Umuti utera ibitotsi (umuti wa « Z ») | routes_of_administration = Mu kanwa | bioavailability = 75–80% | metabolism = Mu mwijima | elimination_half-life = Amasaha 5 (3,5–6,5) | excretion = Mu nkari (80%) | CAS_number = 43200-80-2 | ATC_prefix = N05 | ATC_suffix = CF01 | PubChem = 5735 | DrugBank = DB01198 | C = 17 | H = 17 | Cl = 1 | N = 6 | O = 3 }} '''Zopiclone''' (izina ry'ubucuruzi: ''Imovane'') ni umuti uvura [[Kubura ibitotsi|ibibazo byo kubura ibitotsi]]. Ufatwa mu kanwa. Ugomba gukoreshwa igihe gito gusa. Zopiclone yakozwe mu 1985. Ni umuti utera ibitotsi wo mu itsinda ry'imiti yitwa « Z ». Ishobora gutera ingaruka mbi, harimo kuba imbata yayo. == Ikoreshwa == [[File:Zopiclone Actavis 5mg.jpg|thumb|left|Ibinini bya Zopiclone]] Zopiclone ikoreshwa mu kuvura ibibazo byo kubura ibitotsi.<ref name="At2018">{{Cite journal|last=Atkin|first=Tobias|last2=Comai|first2=Stefano|last3=Gobbi|first3=Gabriella|title=Drugs for Insomnia beyond Benzodiazepines: Pharmacology, Clinical Applications, and Discovery|journal=Pharmacological Reviews|date=April 2018|volume=70|issue=2|pages=197–245|doi=10.1124/pr.117.014381|pmid=29487083}}</ref> Igomba gukoreshwa igihe gito. Akenshi ntirenza icyumweru kimwe cyangwa bibiri.<ref name="NICE2004">{{Cite web|url=https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ta77/resources/guidance-on-the-use-of-zaleplon-zolpidem-and-zopiclone-for-the-shortterm-management-of-insomnia-pdf-2294763557317|title=Guidance on the use of zaleplon, zolpidem and zopiclone for the short-term management of insomnia |publisher=NICE|access-date=2012-05-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120713123827/http://www.nice.org.uk/nicemedia/pdf/TA077publicinfoenglish.pdf|archive-date=2012-07-13|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ifatwa mu kanwa.<ref name="BNF79">{{Cite book|title=BNF 79 : March 2020.|date=2020|publisher=Royal Pharmaceutical Society|location=London|isbn=9780857113658|page=504}}</ref> == Ingaruka mbi == Zopiclone ishobora kugabanya ubushobozi bwo gutekereza. Umubiri ushobora kuyimenyera. Iyo umuntu ayihagaritse, ibibazo byo kubura ibitotsi bishobora kugaruka vuba. Ishobora gutera kugwa no kuba imbata yayo.<ref name="At2018" /> Izindi ngaruka ni kuma mu kanwa no guhinduka mu myitwarire.<ref name="BNF79" /> Uyu muti ntukwiye gukoreshwa n'abantu bafite ikibazo cyo guhagarara guhumeka mu gihe basinziriye.<ref name="BNF79" /> Iyo uhagaritswe vuba, hashobora kugaragara ibimenyetso byo kuwureka.<ref name="BNF79" /> Ntukwiye gukoreshwa mu gihe cyo gutwita, cyane cyane mu mezi ya nyuma. Ushobora guteza ibibazo umwana uvuka.<ref name="BNF79" /> Ntusabwa no mu gihe cyo [[konsa]].<ref name="BNF79" /> == Uko ukora == Zopiclone ni umuti utuma umuntu atuza kandi agasinzira. Ni umwe mu miti yitwa « Z ».<ref name="NICE2004" /> Ikora ku byakira benzodiazepine (''benzodiazepine receptor'').<ref name="Rav2011">{{Cite book|last=Ravina|first=Enrique|title=The Evolution of Drug Discovery: From Traditional Medicines to Modern Drugs|date=2011|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-3-527-32669-3|page=68|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iDNy0XxGqT8C&pg=PA68 |access-date=5 October 2020|language=en}}</ref> == Amateka == Zopiclone yakozwe mu 1985.<ref name="Rav2011" /> Yatangiye kugurishwa muri [[Kanada]] mu 1990.<ref name="Hol2000">{{Cite journal|last=Holbrook|first=AM|last2=Crowther|first2=R|last3=Lotter|first3=A|last4=Cheng|first4=C|last5=King|first5=D|title=Meta-analysis of benzodiazepine use in the treatment of insomnia.|journal=CMAJ|date=25 January 2000|volume=162|issue=2|pages=225-33|pmid=10674059}}</ref> Mu [[Ubwongereza|Bwongereza]], iboneka nk'umuti usanzwe (''generic''). Mu 2020, imiti y'ukwezi kumwe yatwaraga NHS hafi ipawundi imwe.<ref name="BNF79" /> Muri [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]], zopiclone ntigurishwa. Ariko eszopiclone iragurishwa.<ref name="Drugs2020">{{Cite web|url=https://www.drugs.com/cons/zopiclone.html|title=Zopiclone consumer information from|publisher=Drugs.com|access-date=2013-06-06|archive-date=2018-06-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612144055/https://www.drugs.com/cons/zopiclone.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Zopiclone ni umuti ugenzurwa muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika no mu Bwongereza.<ref name="Drugs2020" /><ref name="BNF79" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Zopiclone|Amafoto ya Zopiclone]] kuri Wikimedia Commons [[Ikiciro:Imiti]] [[Ikiciro:Ubuzima]] mpmithp7cgr9on7uzkwktudeismj1jp 0 23987 148860 2026-11-04T10:37:45Z Stevenndori289 10902 Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1500327|Amyl nitrite]] to:rw #mdwikicx 148860 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Amyl nitrite''' ni ikinyabutabire n'umuti.<ref name="Stim2002" /> Nk'umuti wakoreshejwe mu kuvura [[Angina|ububabare bw'umutima mu gituza]] no kuvura uburozi bwa cyanide.<ref name="Fish2012" /> Ku bijyanye n'ububabare bwo mu gatuza, nitroglycerin ikoreshwa cyane. Nanone ikoreshwa mu kwishimisha mu guhumeka bavuga ko ituma umuntu asinda cyane kandi ikanoza imikorere y'imibonano mpuzabitsina.<ref name="Pro2020" /><ref name="Stim2002" /> Ingaruka zitangira mu masegonda 30 kandi zimara iminota 4.<ref name="Pro2020" /> Ingaruka mbi zikunze kugaragara zishobora kuba zirimo kuribwa umutwe, kubyimba uruhu, no kugira isereri. Izindi ngaruka mbi zishobora kuba zirimo gucika intege, kubura uburyo bwo kugenzura uruhago rw'inkari, umuvuduko w'amaraso ugabanuka, no kugira isesemi.<ref name="Pro2020" /> Ingano nini zishobora gutera methemoglobinemia.<ref name="Pro2020" /> Kwihanganira ingaruka zabyo bishobora kubaho iyo bihagaritswe. Ni amazi y'umuhondo afite impumuro yavuzwe ko ari imbuto.<ref name="Fish2012" /> Mu buvuzi ikora mu kwagura imiyoboro y'amaraso.<ref name="Fish2012" /> Amyl nitrite yanditswe bwa mbere mu 1844, itangira gukoreshwa mu buvuzi mu 1867.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Fischer|first=Jnos|last2=Ganellin|first2=C. Robin|title=Analogue-based Drug Discovery|date=2006|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=9783527607495|page=XXX|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FjKfqkaKkAAC&pg=PAXXX|language=en|access-date=2020-09-19|archive-date=2021-05-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210503001158/https://books.google.com/books?id=FjKfqkaKkAAC&pg=PAXXX|url-status=live}}</ref> Yari iboneka nk'umuti usanzwe ; icyakora, ntabwo yemewe gukoreshwa mu buvuzi muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika.<ref name="Faun2008">{{Cite book|last=Fraunfelder|first=Frederick T.|last2=Fraunfelder|first2=Frederick W.|last3=Chambers|first3=Wiley A.|title=Drug-Induced Ocular Side Effects: Clinical Ocular Toxicology E-Book|date=2008|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=978-0-323-31985-0|page=164|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=6bqXBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA164|language=en|access-date=2020-10-13|archive-date=2021-05-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210503001158/https://books.google.ca/books?id=6bqXBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA164|url-status=live}}</ref> Yaje gukoreshwa cyane mu myidagaduro mu myaka ya 1960 cyane cyane n'umuryango w'abaryamana bahuje ibitsina muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika.<ref name="Fish2012" /> Amazina asanzwe yo mu mihanda arimo "amabara y'umukara" na "amapera". Butyl nitrite na isobutyl nitrite rimwe na rimwe bigurishwa bivuga ko ari amyl nitrite yo gukoreshwa mu kwidagadura.<ref name="Fish2012" /> == Iriburiro == <references /> 0phf55866n51scy1shpgm1pgnrtzme5 148861 148860 2026-11-04T10:38:46Z Stevenndori289 10902 Amyl nitrite 148861 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:An early container of Amyl Nitrite, Hunterian Museum, Glasgow.jpg|thumb|Amyl nitrite]] '''Amyl nitrite''' ni ikinyabutabire n'umuti.<ref name="Stim2002" /> Nk'umuti wakoreshejwe mu kuvura [[Angina|ububabare bw'umutima mu gituza]] no kuvura uburozi bwa cyanide.<ref name="Fish2012" /> Ku bijyanye n'ububabare bwo mu gatuza, nitroglycerin ikoreshwa cyane. Nanone ikoreshwa mu kwishimisha mu guhumeka bavuga ko ituma umuntu asinda cyane kandi ikanoza imikorere y'imibonano mpuzabitsina.<ref name="Pro2020" /><ref name="Stim2002" /> Ingaruka zitangira mu masegonda 30 kandi zimara iminota 4.<ref name="Pro2020" /> Ingaruka mbi zikunze kugaragara zishobora kuba zirimo kuribwa umutwe, kubyimba uruhu, no kugira isereri. Izindi ngaruka mbi zishobora kuba zirimo gucika intege, kubura uburyo bwo kugenzura uruhago rw'inkari, umuvuduko w'amaraso ugabanuka, no kugira isesemi.<ref name="Pro2020" /> Ingano nini zishobora gutera methemoglobinemia.<ref name="Pro2020" /> Kwihanganira ingaruka zabyo bishobora kubaho iyo bihagaritswe. Ni amazi y'umuhondo afite impumuro yavuzwe ko ari imbuto.<ref name="Fish2012" /> Mu buvuzi ikora mu kwagura imiyoboro y'amaraso.<ref name="Fish2012" /> Amyl nitrite yanditswe bwa mbere mu 1844, itangira gukoreshwa mu buvuzi mu 1867.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Fischer|first=Jnos|last2=Ganellin|first2=C. Robin|title=Analogue-based Drug Discovery|date=2006|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=9783527607495|page=XXX|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FjKfqkaKkAAC&pg=PAXXX|language=en|access-date=2020-09-19|archive-date=2021-05-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210503001158/https://books.google.com/books?id=FjKfqkaKkAAC&pg=PAXXX|url-status=live}}</ref> Yari iboneka nk'umuti usanzwe ; icyakora, ntabwo yemewe gukoreshwa mu buvuzi muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika.<ref name="Faun2008">{{Cite book|last=Fraunfelder|first=Frederick T.|last2=Fraunfelder|first2=Frederick W.|last3=Chambers|first3=Wiley A.|title=Drug-Induced Ocular Side Effects: Clinical Ocular Toxicology E-Book|date=2008|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=978-0-323-31985-0|page=164|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=6bqXBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA164|language=en|access-date=2020-10-13|archive-date=2021-05-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210503001158/https://books.google.ca/books?id=6bqXBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA164|url-status=live}}</ref> Yaje gukoreshwa cyane mu myidagaduro mu myaka ya 1960 cyane cyane n'umuryango w'abaryamana bahuje ibitsina muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika.<ref name="Fish2012" /> Amazina asanzwe yo mu mihanda arimo "amabara y'umukara" na "amapera". Butyl nitrite na isobutyl nitrite rimwe na rimwe bigurishwa bivuga ko ari amyl nitrite yo gukoreshwa mu kwidagadura.<ref name="Fish2012" /> == Iriburiro == <references /> 58w2wep1m51jlehtst7fn5qq6mfycft 148867 148861 2026-11-04T11:33:27Z Score Beethoven 11559 148867 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox drug | image = Amyl nitrite.svg | width = 200 | caption = Imiterere ya molekile ya Amyl nitrite | CAS_number = 110-46-3 | ATC_prefix = V03 | ATC_suffix = AB22 | PubChem = 8053 | DrugBank = DB01612 | C = 5 | H = 11 | N = 1 | O = 2 }} '''Amyl nitrite''' ni ikinyabutabire n'umuti. == Ikoreshwa == [[Dosiye:An early container of Amyl Nitrite, Hunterian Museum, Glasgow.jpg|thumb|left|Amyl nitrite]] Amyl nitrite ni ikinyabutabire n'umuti.<ref name="Stim2002">{{Cite book|last=Stimmel|first=Barry|title=Alcoholism, Drug Addiction, and the Road to Recovery: Life on the Edge|date=2002|publisher=Psychology Press|isbn=978-0-7890-0553-3|page=274|language=en}}</ref> Nk'umuti wakoreshejwe mu kuvura [[Angina|ububabare bw'umutima mu gituza]] no kuvura uburozi bwa cyanide.<ref name="Fish2012">{{Cite book|last=Fisher|first=Gary L.|last2=Roget|first2=Nancy A.|title=Encyclopedia of Substance Abuse Prevention, Treatment, and Recovery|date=2012|publisher=SAGE Publications|isbn=978-1-4522-6601-5|page=71|language=en}}</ref> Ku bijyanye n'ububabare bwo mu gatuza, nitroglycerin ikoreshwa cyane. Nanone ikoreshwa mu kwishimisha mu guhumeka bavuga ko ituma umuntu asinda cyane kandi ikanoza imikorere y'imibonano mpuzabitsina.<ref name="Pro2020">{{Cite web|title=Amyl Nitrite Inhalant - FDA prescribing information, side effects and uses|url=https://www.drugs.com/pro/amyl-nitrite-inhalant.html|website=Drugs.com|access-date=2020-10-13|language=en}}</ref><ref name="Stim2002" /> Ingaruka zitangira mu masegonda 30 kandi zimara iminota 4.<ref name="Pro2020" /> == Ingaruka mbi == Ingaruka mbi zikunze kugaragara zishobora kuba zirimo kuribwa umutwe, kubyimba uruhu, no kugira isereri. Izindi ngaruka mbi zishobora kuba zirimo gucika intege, kubura uburyo bwo kugenzura uruhago rw'inkari, umuvuduko w'amaraso ugabanuka, no kugira isesemi.<ref name="Pro2020" /> Ingano nini zishobora gutera methemoglobinemia.<ref name="Pro2020" /> Kwihanganira ingaruka zabyo bishobora kubaho iyo bihagaritswe. Ni amazi y'umuhondo afite impumuro yavuzwe ko ari imbuto.<ref name="Fish2012" /> Mu buvuzi ikora mu kwagura imiyoboro y'amaraso.<ref name="Fish2012" /> == Amateka == Amyl nitrite yanditswe bwa mbere mu 1844, itangira gukoreshwa mu buvuzi mu 1867.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Fischer|first=Jnos|last2=Ganellin|first2=C. Robin|title=Analogue-based Drug Discovery|date=2006|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=9783527607495|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FjKfqkaKkAAC|language=en|access-date=2020-09-19|archive-date=2021-05-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210503001158/https://books.google.com/books?id=FjKfqkaKkAAC|url-status=live}}</ref> Yari iboneka nk'umuti usanzwe ; icyakora, ntabwo yemewe gukoreshwa mu buvuzi muri [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika]].<ref name="Faun2008">{{Cite book|last=Fraunfelder|first=Frederick T.|last2=Fraunfelder|first2=Frederick W.|last3=Chambers|first3=Wiley A.|title=Drug-Induced Ocular Side Effects: Clinical Ocular Toxicology E-Book|date=2008|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=978-0-323-31985-0|page=164|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=6bqXBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA164|language=en|access-date=2020-10-13|archive-date=2021-05-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210503001158/https://books.google.ca/books?id=6bqXBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA164|url-status=live}}</ref> Yaje gukoreshwa cyane mu myidagaduro mu myaka ya 1960 cyane cyane n'umuryango w'abaryamana bahuje ibitsina muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika.<ref name="Fish2012" /> Ku muhanda, izina rikunze gukoreshwa ni "poppers". Butyl nitrite na isobutyl nitrite rimwe na rimwe bigurishwa bivuga ko ari amyl nitrite yo gukoreshwa mu kwidagadura.<ref name="Fish2012" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Isoamyl nitrite|Amafoto ajyanye na Amyl nitrite]] kuri Wikimedia Commons [[Ikiciro:Imiti]] [[Ikiciro:Ubuzima]] c8dbizrxencjkrpm3w0c3vs0lmy37qz 14 23988 148877 2026-11-04T11:38:37Z Score Beethoven 11559 Created page with "{{Hidden category}} [[Ikiciro:Tracking categories]]" 148877 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Hidden category}} [[Ikiciro:Tracking categories]] 48tlgmgomehmgvd2d6r5xe02dp6gcdq 14 23989 148878 2026-11-04T11:38:38Z Score Beethoven 11559 Created page with "{{Hidden category}} [[Ikiciro:Tracking categories]]" 148878 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Hidden category}} [[Ikiciro:Tracking categories]] 48tlgmgomehmgvd2d6r5xe02dp6gcdq 14 23990 148879 2026-11-04T11:38:39Z Score Beethoven 11559 Created page with "{{Hidden category}} [[Ikiciro:Tracking categories]]" 148879 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Hidden category}} [[Ikiciro:Tracking categories]] 48tlgmgomehmgvd2d6r5xe02dp6gcdq 14 23991 148880 2026-11-04T11:38:40Z Score Beethoven 11559 Created page with "{{Hidden category}} [[Ikiciro:Tracking categories]]" 148880 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Hidden category}} [[Ikiciro:Tracking categories]] 48tlgmgomehmgvd2d6r5xe02dp6gcdq 14 23992 148881 2026-11-04T11:38:41Z Score Beethoven 11559 Created page with "{{Hidden category}} [[Ikiciro:Tracking categories]]" 148881 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Hidden category}} [[Ikiciro:Tracking categories]] 48tlgmgomehmgvd2d6r5xe02dp6gcdq 14 23993 148882 2026-11-04T11:38:42Z Score Beethoven 11559 Created page with "{{Hidden category}} [[Ikiciro:Tracking categories]]" 148882 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Hidden category}} [[Ikiciro:Tracking categories]] 48tlgmgomehmgvd2d6r5xe02dp6gcdq 14 23994 148883 2026-11-04T11:38:43Z Score Beethoven 11559 Created page with "{{Hidden category}} [[Ikiciro:Tracking categories]]" 148883 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Hidden category}} [[Ikiciro:Tracking categories]] 48tlgmgomehmgvd2d6r5xe02dp6gcdq 14 23995 148884 2026-11-04T11:38:44Z Score Beethoven 11559 Created page with "{{Hidden category}} [[Ikiciro:Tracking categories]]" 148884 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Hidden category}} [[Ikiciro:Tracking categories]] 48tlgmgomehmgvd2d6r5xe02dp6gcdq