Wikipedia rwwiki https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intangiriro MediaWiki 1.48.0-wmf.3 first-letter Itangazamakuru Ibidasanzwe Ibiganiro Umukoresha Ibiganiro by'umukoresha Wikipedia Ibiganiro kuri Wikipedia Dosiye Ibiganiro kuri dosiye MediyaWiki Ibiganiro kuri MediyaWiki Inyandikorugero Ibiganiro ku nyandikorugero Ubufasha Ibiganiro ku bufasha Ikiciro Ibiganiro ku byiciro TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 3401 148909 143651 2026-11-04T19:46:16Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 148909 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | above = Akagari | image = [[File:Ibiro b'akagari mu Rwanda 02.jpg|frameless|upright=1.1]] | caption = Ibiro by'akagari mu Rwanda | label1 = Igihugu | data1 = [[Rwanda]] | label2 = Ubwoko | data2 = Urwego rw'imitegekere | label3 = Ruri munsi ya | data3 = [[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Umurenge]] | label4 = Rugizwe na | data4 = [[Imidugudu]] | label5 = Umubare | data5 = 2 148 | label6 = Ubuyobozi | data6 = Ubunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa | label7 = Inama | data7 = Inama Njyanama y'akagari | label8 = Itegeko | data8 = Itegeko No 87/2013 }} '''Akagari''' (ubwinshi: ''utugari'') ni urwego rw'imitegekere y'u Rwanda ruri munsi y'[[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|umurenge]]. Akagari kagizwe n'[[imidugudu]]. U Rwanda rufite utugari 2 148. Akagari kayoborwa n'Ubunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa. Gafite kandi Inama Njyanama. Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → [[Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Uturere]] → [[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Imirenge]] → Utugari → [[Imidugudu]]. == Imiterere == Imitegekere y'u Rwanda ifite inzego eshanu. Izo nzego ni [[Intara z’u Rwanda|intara]] n'[[Umujyi wa Kigali]], [[Uturere tw’u Rwanda|uturere]], imirenge, utugari n'imidugudu. U Rwanda rufite uturere 30, imirenge 416, utugari 2 148 n'imidugudu 14 837.<ref name="clgf">{{Cite web |url=http://www.clgf.org.uk/default/assets/File/Country_profiles/Rwanda.pdf |title=The local government system in Rwanda: Country profile 2017–18 |publisher=Commonwealth Local Government Forum |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Iyi miterere ishingiye ku Itegeko Ngenga No 29 ryo mu 2005.<ref name="clgf" /> == Imikorere == Itegeko No 87/2013 ryo ku wa 11 Nzeri 2013 rigena imitunganyirize n'imikorere y'inzego z'imitegekere y'Igihugu zegerejwe abaturage. Iri tegeko rigena inshingano z'akagari. Rigena kandi Inama Njyanama y'akagari n'Ubunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa bwako. Ubunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa buyoborwa n'Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa w'akagari.<ref name="itegeko">{{Cite web |url=https://extranet.who.int/cpcd/sites/default/files/public_file_repository/RWA_Rwanda_Law-determining-the-organisation-and-functioning-of-decentralized-administrative-bodies_2013.pdf |title=Law nº 87/2013 of 11/09/2013 determining the organisation and functioning of decentralized administrative entities |website=Official Gazette of the Republic of Rwanda |date=2013-10-30 |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> == Inama Njyanama y'akagari == Abajyanama b'akagari batorerwa manda y'imyaka itanu.<ref name="clgf" /> Inama Njyanama y'akagari igizwe na:<ref name="nt">{{Cite web |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/202607200030.html |title=Rwanda: A Closer Look At Local Government Structure Ahead of 2026 Elections |author=Michel Nkurunziza |website=The New Times |via=AllAfrica |date=2026-07-19 |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20261024100849/https://allafrica.com/stories/202607200030.html |archive-date=2026-10-24 |url-status=dead}}</ref> * umujyanama rusange umwe uhagarariye buri mudugudu; * abajyanama b'abagore, nibura 30% by'abagize inama; * abahuzabikorwa b'Inama y'Igihugu y'Abagore, b'Inama y'Igihugu y'Urubyiruko n'ab'Inama y'Igihugu y'Abantu bafite Ubumuga ku rwego rw'akagari; * uhagarariye abayobozi b'amashuri y'incuke; * uhagarariye abarimu b'amashuri abanza; * uhagarariye abikorera. Akagari gatora umujyanama rusange umwe. Uwo mujyanama ahagararira akagari mu Nama Njyanama y'umurenge.<ref name="nt" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Cells of Rwanda|Amafoto y'utugari tw'u Rwanda]] kuri Wikimedia Commons {{Palette Intara n'Uturere by'u Rwanda}} [[Ikiciro:Utugari tw’u Rwanda| ]] 7g0z1gpg23n99xqfl4mqf7lyzeddhh3 0 6143 148951 148348 2026-11-05T03:42:32Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 148951 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Latrans-Turkey location Istanbul.svg|thumb|right|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’Intara y’Istanbul </span>]] [[File:Istanbul location districts.svg|thumb|right|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Uturere tw’Istanbul</span>]] [[File:Istanbul and Bosporus big.jpg|thumb|right|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Istanbul</span>]] [[File:DSC03832 Istanbul - Aya Sophia - Foto G. Dall'Orto 24-5-2006.jpg|thumb|right|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Istanbul</span>]] [[File:Halic.png|thumb|right|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Istanbul</span>]] '''Intara y’Istanbul''' cyangwa '''Intara y’İstanbul''' (izina mu [[giturukiya]] : ''İstanbul ili'') n’[[intara]] muri [[Turukiya]]. Umurwa mukuru w’intara y’Istanbul witwa [[Istanbul (umujyi)|umujyi wa Istanbul]]. Intara y’Istanbul gatuwe n’abaturage bagera kuri 12.915.158 (abagabo 6.498.997 n’abagore 6.416.161)<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://report.tuik.gov.tr/reports/rwservlet?adnksdb2=&report=idari_yapi_09sonrasi.RDF&p_il1=34&p_yil=2009&p_dil=1&desformat=html&ENVID=nufus2000db2Env |title=TÜİK |access-date=2011-04-01 |archive-date=2011-10-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111004071604/http://report.tuik.gov.tr/reports/rwservlet?adnksdb2=&report=idari_yapi_09sonrasi.RDF&p_il1=34&p_yil=2009&p_dil=1&desformat=html&ENVID=nufus2000db2Env |url-status=dead }}</ref>, batuye kubuso bwa km² 5343 . == Uturere tw’Istanbul == * [[Akarere k’Adalar]] * [[Akarere k’Arnavutköy]] * [[Akarere k’Ataşehir]] * [[Akarere k’Avcılar]] * [[Akarere ka Bağcılar]] * [[Akarere ka Bahçelievler]] * [[Akarere ka Bakırköy]] * [[Akarere ka Başakşehir]] * [[Akarere ka Bayrampaşa]] * [[Akarere ka Beşiktaş]] * [[Akarere ka Beykoz]] * [[Akarere ka Beylikdüzü]] * [[Akarere ka Beyoğlu]] * [[Akarere ka Büyükçekmece]] * [[Akarere ka Çatalca]] * [[Akarere ka Çekmeköy]] * [[Akarere k’Esenler]] * [[Akarere k’Esenyurt]] * [[Akarere k’Eyüp]] * [[Akarere ka Fatih]] * [[Akarere ka Gaziosmanpaşa]] * [[Akarere ka Güngören]] * [[Akarere ka Kadıköy]] * [[Akarere ka Kağıthane]] * [[Akarere ka Kartal]] * [[Akarere ka Küçükçekmece]] * [[Akarere ka Maltepe]] * [[Akarere ka Pendik]] * [[Akarere ka Sancaktepe]] * [[Akarere ka Sarıyer]] * [[Akarere ka Silivri]] * [[Akarere ka Sultanbeyli]] * [[Akarere ka Sultangazi]] * [[Akarere ka Şile]] * [[Akarere ka Şişli]] * [[Akarere ka Tuzla]] * [[Akarere k’Ümraniye]] * [[Akarere k’Üsküdar]] * [[Akarere ka Zeytinburnu]] == Ubuyobozi bw’Istanbul == :Umuyobozi w’intara : Hüseyin Avni Mutlu :Umuyobozi w’umujyi : Kadir Topbaş == Imibare y’abaturage == {| class="wikitable" | valign="top" | {| ! style="background:#efefef;" | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; uturere &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; ! style="background:#efefef;" | abaturage |- | [[Adalar]] || align="right" | 10.460 |- | [[Arnavutköy]] || align="right" | 148.419 |- | [[Ataşehir]] || align="right" | 345.588 |- | [[Avcılar]] || align="right" | 322.190 |- | [[Bağcılar]] || align="right" | 719.267 |- | [[Bahçelievler]] || align="right" | 571.711 |- | [[Bakırköy]] || align="right" | 214.821 |- | [[Başakşehir]] || align="right" | 193.750 |- | [[Bayrampaşa]] || align="right" | 272.196 |- | [[Beşiktaş]] || align="right" | 191.513 |- |} | valign="top" | {| ! style="background:#efefef;" | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; uturere &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; ! style="background:#efefef;" | abaturage |- | [[Beykoz]] || align="right" | 241.833 |- | [[Beylikdüzü]] || align="right" | 186.847 |- | [[Beyoğlu]] || align="right" | 247.256 |- | [[Büyükçekmece]] || align="right" | 151.954 |- | [[Çatalca]] || align="right" | 61.566 |- | [[Çekmeköy]] || align="right" | 135.603 |- | [[Esenler]] || align="right" | 468.448 |- | [[Esenyurt]] || align="right" | 335.316 |- | [[Eyüp]] || align="right" | 317.695 |- | [[Fatih]] || align="right" | 455.499 |} | valign="top" | {| ! style="background:#efefef;" | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; uturere &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; ! style="background:#efefef;" | abaturage |- | [[Gaziosmanpaşa]] || align="right" | 464.109 |- | [[Güngören]] || align="right" | 318.545 |- | [[Kadıköy]] || align="right" | 550.801 |- | [[Kağıthane]] || align="right" | 418.229 |- | [[Kartal]] || align="right" | 427.156 |- | [[Küçükçekmece]] || align="right" | 662.566 |- | [[Maltepe]] || align="right" | 415.117 |- | [[Pendik]] || align="right" | 520.486 |- | [[Sancaktepe]] || align="right" | 223.755 |- | [[Sarıyer]] || align="right" | 276.407 |} | valign="top" | {| ! style="background:#efefef;" | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; uturere &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; ! style="background:#efefef;" | abaturage |- | [[Silivri]] || align="right" | 118.304 |- | [[Sultanbeyli]] || align="right" | 272.758 |- | [[Sultangazi]] || align="right" | 436.935 |- | [[Şile]] || align="right" | 25.169 |- | [[Şişli]] || align="right" | 314.684 |- | [[Tuzla]] || align="right" | 225.523 |- | [[Ümraniye]] || align="right" | 553.352 |- | [[Üsküdar]] || align="right" | 529.550 |- | [[Zeytinburnu]] || align="right" | 288.743 |- | <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ibb.gov.tr/tr-TR/kurumsal/Pages/IlceveIlkKademe.aspx |title=Archive copy |access-date=2011-04-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160527111831/http://www.ibb.gov.tr/tr-TR/kurumsal/Pages/IlceveIlkKademe.aspx |archive-date=2016-05-27 |url-status=dead}}</ref> |} |} == references == {{Reflist}} == Imiyoboro == * [http://www.istanbul.gov.tr/ Ubuyobozi bw’Intara y’Istanbul] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100305112413/http://www.istanbul.bel.tr/ Ubuyobozi bw’Umujyi w’Istanbul] [[Category:Intara ya Turukiya|I]] rps351rcgcdtbqe8vcupw2glleizqyo 0 8035 148966 135113 2026-11-05T05:28:06Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 148966 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:OLPC logo.png|thumb|left|Logo of OLPC]] [[File:Xo intro v2.jpg|thumb|OLPC Laptop]] [[File:OLPC classroom teaching.JPG|thumb|kwigisha OLPC mu mashuri]] [[File:2018-03-23 OLPC training Rwanda.jpg|thumb|Amahugurwa ya OLPC muri Sainte Famille ]] [[Dosiye:XO-Beta1-mikemcgregor-2.jpg|thumb|XO]] [[Dosiye:One Laptop Per Child - . (by).jpg|thumb|one laptop per child]] '''Mudasobwa imwe kuri buri mwana''' (in English '''One Laptop per Child''' or '''OLPC''') ni gahunda ya Leta idaharanira inyungu yashyizweho ifite intego yo guhindura uburezi bw’ abana ku isi. Iyi ntego yari kugerwaho aruko hakozwe kandi Hagakwirakwizwa ibikoresho by’uburezi mu isi ikiri munzira y’amajyambere ndetse hagashyirwamo porogaramu ninyigisho muribyo bikoresho. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.igihe.com/news/the-role-of-one-laptop-per-child-program-in |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-06-08 |archive-date=2023-06-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230608190949/https://en.igihe.com/news/the-role-of-one-laptop-per-child-program-in |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.igihe.com/ikoranabuhanga/mudasobwa/umushinga-wa-one-laptop-per-child-umaze-gutanga-mudasobwa-115-816 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-06-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230609001818/https://www.igihe.com/ikoranabuhanga/mudasobwa/umushinga-wa-one-laptop-per-child-umaze-gutanga-mudasobwa-115-816 |archive-date=2023-06-09 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == ==   Intego yayo nyamukuru ikomeje kuba guhindura uburezi muguha ubushobozi abana bo mubihugu bikiri munzira y’amajyambere kugira uburenzira kunyigisho, amakuru, naho gukorera porogaramu za mudasobwa. Mugihe iyi gahunda yatangizwaga, igiciro fatizo kuri mudasobwa yari amadolari arenga igihumbi y’Amerika ($1,000 US), bityo ntibyari gushoboka kugera kuriyi ntego uretse gukora imashini zihendutse. Iyi yabaye mudasobwa ya OLPC XO, ifite igiciro gito kandi zikoresha n’umuriro muke. Mwitangira umushinga waterwaga inkunga itagizwe n’amafaranga n’abagize imiryango nka AMD, eBay, Google, Marvell Technology Group, News Corporation, Nortel. Chi Mei Corporation, Red Hat, na Quanta. <ref>https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-24571624</ref><ref>https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/rwanda-today/news/locally-assembled-laptops-to-ease-shortage-in-rwanda-schools--1339846</ref> == == [[File:OLPC_XO_computer_at_work_at_Ste._Joseph_Technical_School.jpg|thumb|150px| Laptop yo mu bwoko bwa XO ]] Umushinga wa OLPC washimwe henshi ndetse uba ntamakemwa. Uyu mushinga washimwe kubw’imashini zigiciro gito, zikoresha umuriro muke, ndetse wizeza ubufatanye mu rwego rwa za Minisiteri mu bihugu byinshi aho za mudasobwa zikoreshwa nka kimwe mu ishingiro ry’uburezi, gushyiraho ahantu hafasha gukoresha mudasobwa nta kijijinganya mu rurimi urwo arirwo rwose ndetse byumwihariko nta bumenyi mu rurimi rw’icyongereza. Bakiriye ibitekerezo byinshi harimo ibirebana na gahunda yabo, ndetse nibijyanye n’uburyo bwabo nk’imfashanyo, kuzikoresha muburyo bworoshye, umutekano wazo, ibizikorerwaho nubuzima bwite bwabyo. <ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/153475/News/meet-the-rwandan-innovation-for-one-laptop-per-child</ref> Abayobozi b’Ibihugu bimwe na bimwe bavugiye kumugaragaro kubijyanye numwihariko w’igiciro cyuyu mushinga, kubijyanye n’umuco ndetse nibihabwa agaciro ugereranyije nibikenewe n’abaturage by’ibanze mubihugu bikiri munzira y’amajyambere.<ref>https://pctechmag.com/2012/09/rwanda-scaling-up-ict-in-schools/</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ikoranabuhanga]] a683kxq7g9dyha5y0109trjjyypty9g 0 8290 148998 148579 2026-11-05T11:45:00Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 148998 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox umurenge}} '''Umurenge wa Bigogwe''' ni umurenge wo mu [[Akarere ka Nyabihu|Karere ka Nyabihu]], mu [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba]] y'u [[Rwanda]]. Uri mu misozi y'amajyaruguru y'uburengerazuba bw'u Rwanda. Bigogwe izwiho ubworozi bw'[[inka]]. Muri 2022, Umurenge wa Bigogwe wari utuwe n'abaturage 34 439. Kuva muri 2021, umushinga [[Ibere rya Bigogwe]] wakuruye ba mukerarugendo baza gusura inka. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → [[Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Uturere]] → Imirenge → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Amateka == [[File:Ibere rya bigogwe.jpg|thumb|left|Ibere rya Bigogwe]] Abagogwe ni itsinda ry'[[Abatutsi]] bo mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba bw'u Rwanda. Hagati ya Mutarama na Werurwe 1991, Abagogwe benshi barishwe. Human Rights Watch yavuze ko abasivili barenga 300 bishwe. Ubu bwicanyi bwitwa [[Ubwicanyi bwa Bagogwe]].<ref name="hrw">{{Cite web |url=https://www.hrw.org/reports/1992/WR92/AFW-07.htm |title=Rwanda: Human Rights Developments |work=World Report 1992 |publisher=Human Rights Watch |year=1992 |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Abatutsi bo muri Bigogwe batotejwe kuva muri 1990.<ref name="nt2026">{{Cite web |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/202604090116.html |title='Killed Twice' – a Bigogwe Survivor's Story of Loss and Resilience |author=Alice Umutesi |website=The New Times (AllAfrica) |date=2026-04-09 |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20261024170455/https://allafrica.com/stories/202604090116.html |archive-date=2026-10-24 |url-status=dead}}</ref> I Bigogwe hari ikigo cya gisirikare. [[Interahamwe]] zahawe imyitozo ya mbere muri icyo kigo.<ref name="nt2012">{{Cite web |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/71226/National/in-bigogwe-killings-began-much-earlier |title=In Bigogwe, killings began much earlier |website=The New Times |date=2012-04-13 |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Muri [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]], hafi y'abagabo bose n'urubyiruko rw'Abatutsi bo muri Bigogwe barishwe.<ref name="nt2012" /> == Abaturage == Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2012, Umurenge wa Bigogwe wari utuwe n'abaturage 31 657. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, wari utuwe n'abaturage 34 439. Muri bo, abagabo bari 16 385, abagore bari 18 054. Abaturage 25 398 bari batuye mu gace k'umujyi. Abandi 9 041 bari batuye mu cyaro.<ref name="cp">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/nyabihu/3401__bigogwe/ |title=Bigogwe (Sector, Rwanda) |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> == Ubukungu == Bigogwe ifite inzuri nini. Ubworozi bw'inka ni bwo buranga uyu murenge. Bimwe muri izo nzuri biri mu [[Akagari ka Arusha|Kagari ka Arusha]].<ref name="kt2023">{{Cite web |url=https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubukerarugendo/ahantu/article/minisitiri-mbabazi-yagaragaye-yambaye-rumbiya-amafoto |title=Minisitiri Mbabazi yagaragaye yambaye ‘rumbiya’ (Amafoto) |author=Ishimwe Rugira Gisele |website=Kigali Today |date=2023-01-22 |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> [[Ibere rya Bigogwe]] ni umushinga w'[[ubukerarugendo]]. Witiriwe umusozi usa n'ibere. Watangijwe na Ngabo Alexis Karegeya muri Gicurasi 2021.<ref name="mkur">{{Cite web |url=https://magazine.mkur.ac.rw/ibere-rya-bigogwe-where-cows-culture-and-community-meet/ |title=Ibere rya Bigogwe: where cows, culture and community meet |website=MKUR Magazine |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260316172837/https://magazine.mkur.ac.rw/ibere-rya-bigogwe-where-cows-culture-and-community-meet/ |archive-date=2026-03-16 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Abashyitsi bakama inka. Banywa [[amata]] mashya. Banazamuka imisozi.<ref name="le360">{{Cite web |url=https://afrique.le360.ma/societe/rwanda-de-symbole-royal-a-atout-touristique-a-bigogwe-la-vache-retrouve-ses-lettres-de-noblesse_XBENKRTGEFEYDOI42QARREMRGA/ |title=Rwanda. De symbole royal à atout touristique: à Bigogwe, la vache retrouve ses lettres de noblesse |author=Fraterne Ndacyayisenga |website=Le360 Afrique |date=2026-07-25 |language=fr |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Muri 2024, inka z'Inyambo zagaruwe i Bigogwe. Zari zimaze imyaka igera kuri 50 zitahaba.<ref name="mkur" /> == Ibikorwa remezo == Muri 2014, amazi yabaga make mu gihe cy'impeshyi. Abaturage bamwe bakoraga urugendo rugera kuri km 4 bajya kuvoma. Umuhanda Shaba–Vuga–Kabatwa wari umaze kubakwa. Uhuza ako gace n'umuhanda wa kaburimbo.<ref name="kt2014">{{Cite web |url=https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubukungu/iterambere/article/bigogwe-ibibazo-by-amazi-umuriro-n-imihanda-biri-mu-duce-twegereye-ibirunga |title=Bigogwe: Ibibazo by’amazi, umuriro n’imihanda biri mu duce twegereye ibirunga birimo gushakirwa umuti |author=Safari Viateur |website=Kigali Today |date=2014-07-03 |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Reba kandi == === Ingingo zijyanye === * [[Ibere rya Bigogwe]] * [[Urutare rwa Bigogwe]] * [[Ubwicanyi bwa Bagogwe]] * [[Ikigo nderabuzima cya Bigogwe]] * [[Akagari ka Arusha]] === Ihuza ryo hanze === * [[commons:Category:Bigogwe Sector|Amafoto y'Umurenge wa Bigogwe]] kuri Wikimedia Commons * Uko izina Bigogwe rivugwa: [[File:LL-Q33573 (kin)-Adeline07-Bigogwe.wav]] {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Nyabihu}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Nyabihu]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda]] s0iqiqq694urouhorr08skshrcyd8sm 0 8339 149000 148686 2026-11-05T11:54:36Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 149000 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox umurenge}} '''Nyamugari''' ni umwe mu [[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|mirenge]] 12 igize [[Akarere ka Kirehe]], mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]] bw’u [[Rwanda]]. Mu 2022, Umurenge wa Nyamugari wari utuwe n’abaturage 42 938. Abenshi muri bo babaga mu cyaro. Mu 2020, i Kiyanzi hashyizweho ahantu hakorerwa imirimo ya gasutamo. Abaturage bamwe bavoma amazi mu [[Umugezi wa Kagera|mugezi wa Kagera]]. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → [[Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Uturere]] → Imirenge → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Ubumenyi bw’isi == Umurenge wa Nyamugari uri mu Karere ka Kirehe. Akarere ka Kirehe gafite imirenge 12 n’utugari 60.<ref name="kirehe">{{Cite web |url=https://www.kirehe.gov.rw/akarere/njyanama-1-1 |title=Imirenge n'utugari |website=Akarere ka Kirehe |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Ubuso bw’Umurenge wa Nyamugari ni kilometero kare 97,94.<ref name="citypop" /> Umurenge wa Nyamugari ugizwe n’[[Akagari|utugari]]. Tumwe muri two ni Kazizi na Kiyanzi.<ref name="muhazi" /><ref name="infonile" /> == Abaturage == Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2012, Umurenge wa Nyamugari wari utuwe n’abaturage 36 754. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, abaturage bari 42 938. Muri bo, abagabo bari 20 867. Abagore bari 22 071. Abana bari munsi y’imyaka 15 bari 17 018. Abaturage 39 961 babaga mu cyaro. Abaturage 2 977 babaga mu mujyi. Mu 2022, ku kilometero kare imwe habaga abaturage 438.<ref name="citypop">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/kirehe/5511__nyamugari/ |title=Nyamugari (Sector, Rwanda) – Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> == Ubukungu n’ibikorwa remezo == Mu 2020, u Rwanda rwashyizeho ahantu hakorerwa imirimo ya gasutamo i Kiyanzi, mu Murenge wa Nyamugari. Kiyanzi iri ku muhanda uva i Rusumo ujya i [[Kigali]]. Abashoferi b’amakamyo bambuka umupaka bahabona ububiko bw’ibicuruzwa. Bahabona kandi aho kurara. Aha hantu hashyizweho mu ngamba zo kwirinda [[COVID-19]].<ref name="ktpress">{{Cite web |url=https://www.ktpress.rw/2020/05/rwanda-steps-up-safety-for-cross-border-truck-drivers/ |title=Rwanda Steps Up Safety for Cross Border Truck Drivers |author=Daniel Sabiiti |website=KT Press |date=2020-05-01 |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Abaturage bo mu Kagari ka Kiyanzi bagira ikibazo cy’ibura ry’amazi. Bavoma amazi mu mugezi wa Kagera, ku mupaka wa Rusumo. Mu 2022, mu Murenge wa Nyamugari hari ingomero ebyiri. Abahinzi bari biteze ko umushinga w’[[Urugomero rwa Rusumo]] uzabafasha kuhira imyaka.<ref name="infonile">{{Cite web |url=https://infonile.org/en/2022/09/rwandan-farmers-hopeful-for-irrigation-gains-from-rusumo-hydropower-project-despite-pollution-concerns/ |title=Rwandan farmers hopeful for irrigation gains from Rusumo Hydropower project, despite pollution concerns |author=Annonciata Byukusenge |website=InfoNile |date=2022-09-16 |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Mu 2023, abaturage bo mu Kagari ka Kazizi batangiye kubaka ibiro bishya by’akagari. Babyubakaga mu [[Umuganda|muganda]].<ref name="muhazi">{{Cite web |url=https://muhaziyacu.rw/amakuru/kirehe-abaturage-batangiye-kwiyubakira-ibiro-byakagari/ |title=Kirehe: Abaturage batangiye kwiyubakira ibiro by’akagari |author=Joseph Nshimiyimana |website=Muhazi Yacu |date=2023-02-25 |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226093433/https://muhaziyacu.rw/amakuru/kirehe-abaturage-batangiye-kwiyubakira-ibiro-byakagari/ |archive-date=2023-02-26 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Kirehe}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Kirehe|Nyamugari]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Nyamugari]] cgbg2p2nez3to83t5ph9s67ti5qwnfr 0 8549 149001 148697 2026-11-05T11:56:21Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 149001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox umurenge}} '''Rilima''' ni umwe mu mirenge 15 igize [[Akarere ka Bugesera]], mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba|Ntara y'Iburasirazuba]] y'u [[Rwanda]]. Rilima ni n'izina ry'agace k'umujyi kari muri uyu murenge. Mu 2022, Umurenge wa Rilima wari utuwe n'abaturage 32 862. Ikibuga cy'indege mpuzamahanga cya Bugesera cyubakwa i Rilima. Rilima ifite kandi ibitaro bivura indwara z'amagufa. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → [[Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Uturere]] → Imirenge → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Abaturage == Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2012, Umurenge wa Rilima wari utuwe n'abaturage 26 803. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, wari utuwe n'abaturage 32 862.<ref name="cp">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/57__bugesera/ |title=Bugesera (District, Rwanda) – Sectors |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> == Ikibuga cy'indege == Ikibuga cy'indege mpuzamahanga cya Bugesera cyubakwa i Rilima. Perezida [[Paul Kagame]] yatangije imirimo yo kucyubaka muri Kanama 2017.<ref name="nt2017">{{Cite news |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201708110118.html |title=Rwanda: Bugesera Residents Eye Jobs as Works on New Airport Take Off |work=The New Times |via=AllAfrica |date=2017-08-11 |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190413112456/https://allafrica.com/stories/201708110118.html |archive-date=2019-04-13 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Muri icyo gihe, Rilima nta mazi meza, amashanyarazi cyangwa interineti yari ifite.<ref name="nt2017"/> Biteganyijwe ko iki kibuga kizatangira gukora mu 2028.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/16800/news/infrastructure/completion-of-rwandas-new-airport-extended-to-2028 |title=Completion of Rwanda's new airport extended to 2028 |last=Kagina |first=Alice |work=The New Times |date=2024-05-15 |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> == Ubuvuzi == Rilima ifite ibitaro byihariye bivura indwara z'amagufa. Ibi bitaro bitanga kandi serivisi z'ubugororangingo. Abarwayi babyo benshi baturuka mu Ntara y'Iburasirazuba.<ref name="kt">{{Cite news |url=https://www.ktpress.rw/2023/08/japan-embassy-rilima-hospital-sign-funding-agreement-to-replace-30-year-old-orthopaedic-equipment/ |title=Japan Embassy, Rilima Hospital Sign Funding Agreement To Replace 30 Year Old Orthopaedic Equipment |last=Buningwire |first=Williams |work=KT Press |date=2023-08-22 |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Ku wa 22 Kanama 2023, Ambasade y'[[Ubuyapani]] yahaye ibi bitaro inkunga ya miliyoni 72 z'[[Amafaranga y'u Rwanda|amafaranga y'u Rwanda]]. Iyo nkunga yari iyo kugura ibikoresho bishya 26. Ibikoresho byari bisanzwe byari byaraguzwe mu 1993.<ref name="kt"/> == Gereza == Rilima yari ifite Gereza ya Bugesera. Ku wa 12 Ukwakira 2026, Urwego rw'Igihugu rushinzwe Igorora (RCS) rwafunze iyi gereza.<ref name="nt2026">{{Cite news |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/39622/news/rwanda/bugesera-correctional-facility-closed |title=Bugesera correctional facility closed |last=Mbonyinshuti |first=Jean d'Amour |work=The New Times |date=2026-10-12 |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref><ref name="ap">{{Cite news |url=https://agaciropress.com/bugesera-correctional-facility-closes-as-rwandas-prison-population-declines/ |title=Bugesera Correctional Facility Closes as Rwanda's Prison Population Declines |work=Agaciro Press |date=2026-10-12 |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Mbere yo gufungwa, iyi gereza yari ifungiwemo abantu 2 320. Abari bayifungiwemo bajyanywe muri gereza zindi. RCS ivuga ko impamvu ari uko umubare w'abafunzwe mu gihugu wagabanutse.<ref name="ap"/> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Reba kandi == * [[Nyamata]] == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Rilima Sector|Amafoto y'Umurenge wa Rilima]] kuri Wikimedia Commons {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Bugesera}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Bugesera]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Rilima]] akgl4vt0th9126e1aakw0qsk39oy86e 0 8681 148994 135009 2026-11-05T11:28:03Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 148994 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Nyabarongo river rwanda.jpg|thumb|Ishusho igaragaza umugezi wa Nyabarongo|220x220px]] [[Dosiye:Nyabarongo River and its surrounding mountain in Rwanda.jpg|thumb|Nyabarongo]] [[Dosiye:Nyabarongo River and its surrounding mountain in Rwanda taken at top of Karama.jpg|thumb|Umugezi wa Nyabarongo]] [[Dosiye:Nyabarongo bridge photo.JPG|thumb|Umugezi wa Nyabarongo]] [[Dosiye:Nyabarongo River and its surrounding mountain in Rwanda.jpg|thumb|Nyabarongo River and its surrounding mountain in Rwanda]] [[Dosiye:Nyabarongo RIVER, Bugesera-Kicukiro bridge.jpg|thumb|Nyabarongo RIVER, Bugesera-Kicukiro bridge]] [[Dosiye:View of River Nyabarongo cropped.jpg|thumb|View of River Nyabarongo cropped]] [[Dosiye:An aerial of Nyabarongo River from Nyungwe National Park to River Nile. Emmanuel Kwizera.jpg|thumb|An aerial of Nyabarongo river from Nyungwe National Park to River Nile]] [[Dosiye:Panorama of Nyabarongo River - Where Tutsi Victims Were Thrown in 1994 - Outside Kigali - Rwanda.jpg|thumb|Nyabarongo River ]] [[Dosiye:Nyabarongo river.jpg|thumb|Nyabarongo river]] [[Dosiye:View of Nyabarongo River.jpg|thumb|View of Nyabarongo river]] [[Dosiye:View of River Nyabarongo.jpg|thumb|View of River Nyabarongo]] [[Dosiye:A view of Nyabarongo river.jpg|thumb|View of River Nyabarongo]] [[Dosiye:Bugesera road to River Nyabarongo in Rwanda.jpg|thumb|Bugesera road to river Nyabarongo in Rwanda]] '''Umugezi wa Nyabarongo''' niwo mugezi munini mu [[Rwanda]], amazi yawo menshi ava mu isoko ya [[Nili]] mu majyaruguru ya [[Afurika]]. Umugezi wa nyabarongo ufite uburebure bungana na kilometero magana atatu mirongo itanu nimwe(351KM) niwo mugezi munini kandi mugari mu [[Rwanda]]. Umugezi wa Nyabugogo nawo wisuka muri Nyabarongo byose bikisuka mu mugezi w' Akagera iyo migezi yose ica mu ishyamba rya kimeza rya [[Pariki ya Nyungwe]] ari naho habarirwa [[Isoko ya nil|isoko ya Nili.]] Ese wari uziko umugezi wa Nyabarongo wahoze uca mumajyaruguru? Nkuko tubisanga mu gitabo cy'amateka cyanditswe na Celestin Kanimba Misago,Iki gitabo cy’Amateka y’u Rwanda kigira kiti “Isesengura ryakozwe ku mihiro y’ubutaka ryerekana ko mu ntangiriro umugezi wa Nyabarongo watembaga ugana mu majyaruguru, nyuma habaho iruka ry’ibirunga". Kiti "Amazi yabuze aho amenera akora ikiyaga cyangwa indeko ahahurira imigezi ya Nyabugogo na Mukungwa, buhoro buhoro yishakira indi nzira afata ikerekezo cyo mu majyepfo ashyira uburasirazuba bw’u Rwanda”.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/mu-mateka/article/wari-uzi-ko-nyabarongo-yahoze-inyura-mu-majyaruguru-y-u-rwanda</ref> == Inkomoko == [[File:An aerial of Nyabarongo River from Nyungwe National Park to River Nile. Emmanuel Kwizera.jpg|thumb|Ifoto y'umugezi wa Nyabarongo inyura muri pariki ya Nyungwe]] Umugezi wa Nyabarongo wavutse mbere yuko [[Pariki y’Igihugu y’Ibirunga]] ivuka aho witwaga Nyawarungu, uwo mugezi ukaba waratembaga ujya i [[Ubugande]], ukanyura mu nzira dusanzwe tuzi ya Mukungwa yari mu kibaya kinini cyaje kuzimira nyuma yivuka ry'ibirunga. Ibirunga bimaze kuvuka amazi yaranyanyagiye abyara ibiyaga nka Burera na Ruhondo. Nyabarongo rero Ibuze inzira igice cyayo kimwe cyahindutse Mukungwa ikindi gikomeza mu majyepfo y'urwanda ahahoze ari Gitarama, ubu [[Akarere ka Muhanga]]. Ibi byabaye hashize imyaka irenga miliyoni enye U [[Rwanda]] rubayeho, Nyabarongo yomeje inzira yayo igaruka i [[Kigali]], nyuma yaho yarakomeje mu burasirazuba ihura n'akanyaru byisuka mu mugezi w' [[Akagera Aviation School|Akagera]]<ref>http://veritas2010.over-blog.fr/2014/12/inkomoko-y-igihugu-cy-u-rwanda-n-abanyarwanda-igice-cya-mbere.html</ref> == Isano na jenocide == Umugezi wa Nyabarongo ufitanye isano ikomeye na jenocide yakorewe abatutsi mu 1994, aho abatutsi benshi bishwe bagiye bajugunywa muri uyu mugezi,hari abajugunywagamo ari bazima babatemye ariko batarapfa, abandi kakajugunywamo bapfuye cyane cyane abari mu turere dukora kuri Nyabarongo nka [https://web.archive.org/web/20210202113247/http://cnlg.gov.rw/index.php?L=1&cHash=3e83af147dd7bf7611d5139f77516c39&id=87&tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=4106 Runda] abo mu murenge wa Mwogo wo mu [[Akarere ka Bugesera]]<ref>https://www.rba.co.rw/post/HIBUTSWE-ABATUTSI-BAJUGUNYWE-MU-MUGEZI-WA-NYABARONGO</ref>ndetse nahandi henshi. si ibyo gusa ahubwo buri mwaka uko ushize hakabaho kwibuka [[Jenoside mu Rwanda]] yakorewe abatutsi mu kwezi kwa kane, abantu benshi bajya kwibuka ababo baguye muri Nyabarongo bakahashyira indabo dore ko hari na benshi baharokokeye bakaba basaba ko hakubakwa n'urwibutso nk'ikimenyetso cyo gusigasira amateka<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.intyoza.com/kamonyi-abarokotse-jenoside-yakorewe-abatutsi-barasaba-urwibutso-kuri-nyabarongo/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-01-26 |archive-date=2021-02-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210204083438/https://www.intyoza.com/kamonyi-abarokotse-jenoside-yakorewe-abatutsi-barasaba-urwibutso-kuri-nyabarongo/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Inyamswa ziba muri Nyabarongo == [[File:Nyabarongo River Scene - Outside Kigali - Rwanda - 02.jpg|left|thumb|Imirimo y'uburobyi ikorerwa kuri Nyabarongo]] Mu mugezi wa Nyabarongo, kimwe n'indi migezi myinshi hororotsemo [[inyamaswa]] nyinshi harimo ingona, imvubu, amafi ndetse nizindi nyamaswa nyinshi. Hakunze kumvikana abaturage benshi bavuga ko bariwe n'ingona bagiye kuvoma cyangwa gushaka amafi muri Nyabarongo<ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/52031135</ref> ibi byatumye abaturage batangira guhiga ingona bukware nabo bashaka kuzica kuko imwe muri zo yarishwe, ariko ibi byamaganywe n'ikigo k'igihugu gishinzwe kubungabunga ibidukikije ([[Rema|REMA]])[https://www.rema.gov.rw/index.php?id=2] kivuga ko kwica inyamaswa atari cyo gisubizo ko ahubwo guha abaturage amazi meza aricyo gisubizo kirambye kugirango harindwe burundu impanuka nkizo.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.fonerwa.org/blog/green-rwanda-media-review-%E2%80%8B25-august-2017 |accessdate=2021-01-26 |archive-date=2021-01-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210130200059/http://www.fonerwa.org/blog/green-rwanda-media-review-%E2%80%8B25-august-2017 |deadurl=yes }}</ref> Izi ngona kandi zihisha mu rufunzo rwegereye uyu mugezi kuburyo hateye amakenga kuhakorera imirimo yose nk'uburobyi nibindi. == Mu gihe cy'itumba == [[File:Canoing in Nyabarongo.jpg|thumb|Abantu bambuka Nyabarongo n'ubwato]] Igishanga cy'umugezi wa Nyabarongo mu gihe cy'itumba n'imvura nyinshi kijya cyuzura kuburyo imwe mu mihanda ifunga ingendo zigahagarara harimo n'umuhanda uzwi cyane nka [[Kigali]] - [[Akarere ka Muhanga]]<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/68776/nyabarongo-yuzuye-umuhanda-kigali-muhanga-urafungwa-ingendo-68776.html#!</ref> sibyo gusa ahubwo no munkengero ibiraro bikunda kuzura ku buryo ushaka kwambuka bamushyira ku mugongo bakamwambutsa abasore b'intarumikwa baba babonye akazi muri ibyo bihe.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/utuntu-n-utundi/Atunzwe-no-kwambutsa-abantu-ku-mugongo-we-igihe-Nyabarongo-yuzuye</ref> Abantu benshi iyo bagerageje kwambuka umugezi wa Nyabarongo, bakoresha ubwato kuko ubwinshi bw'amazi menshi aba muri uyu mugezi atakwemerera kuwambuka n'amaguru.[http://www.ukwezi.rw/?page=recherche&recherche=%20Nyabarongo] Leta y'U [[Rwanda]] kandi yatangije umushinga mu mwaka wa 2018 wo kubaka umuhanda mushya n'ikiraro gihuza umujyi wa [[Kigali]] n'Intara y'amajyepfo, uwo mushinga ukazaza ari igisubizo cyo kwirinde ko amazi ya Nyabarongo yakomeza guhagarika ingendo<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/hagiye-kubakwa-undi-muhanda-n-ikiraro-bizakemura-ikibazo-cy-amazi-ya-nyabarongo |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-01-27 |archive-date=2021-02-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210205080639/https://www.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/hagiye-kubakwa-undi-muhanda-n-ikiraro-bizakemura-ikibazo-cy-amazi-ya-nyabarongo |url-status=dead }}</ref>, uwo mushinga ukaba wariswe Nyabarongo bridge project<ref>http://wikimapia.org/22655990/Nyabarongo-Bridge</ref>. Uwo muhanda ukaba uzaca mu murenge wa Karama ugatunguka i Nyamirambo<ref>https://web.facebook.com/igihe/posts/10157353310982114?_rdc=1&_rdr</ref>. == Umuriro w'amashanyarazi == [[Dosiye:Water body in Agbozume.jpg|thumb|Nyabarongo]] Umugezi wa Nyabarongo n'umwe mu migezi ifite ingufu cyane kandi ifite amazi menshi ibi rero byatumye leta y'U [[Rwanda]] itangiza ikiswe (Nyabarongo Hydropower project) bishatse kuvuga ko Nyabarongo yatangiye kwifashishwa mu gukora ingufu z'amashanyarazi harimo nk'uruganda rwubatswe i Shyorongi mu [[Intara y’Amajyaruguru y’u Rwanda|ntara y'amajyaruguru]] mu [[Akarere ka Rulindo|Karere ka Rulindo]].<ref>https://www.nsenergybusiness.com/projects/nyabarongo-ii-hydropower-project/</ref> Sibyo gusa ahubwo hari n'urundi rugomera rw'umuriro w'amashanyarazi rw'ubatswe mu [[Akarere ka Muhanga]] na sosiyete yitwa Angelique International Limited ifatanije na sosiyete yo mu [[:en:Nyabarongo_Power_Station|buhinde]] yitwa Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyabarongo_Power_Station</ref> == Uturere Inyuramo == Umugezi wa Nyabarongo Unyura mu turere, umugi wa [[Kigali]] [[Akarere ka Nyarugenge]], ikanyura mu [[Akarere ka Muhanga]], Ikagera muri [[Akarere ka Karongi|Karongi]]<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ibidukikije/ibungabunga/Hakomeje-gushakishwa-uburyo-habungabungwa-icyogogo-cya-Nyabarongo</ref>,aho ni mu majyepfo y'uburengerazuba bw'u [[Rwanda]]. Iyo ugarutse mu ntara y'u burasirazuba inyura mu [[Akarere ka Bugesera]],[[Akarere ka Ngoma]], [[Akarere ka Kirehe]] na Rusumo aho yisukira mu mugezi wa Akagera. Umugezi wa Nyabarongo usa naho ukora ku mupaka hagati y'Intara y'Amajyarugu, [[Intara y'amajyepfo]], [[Kigali]] ndetse n'Intara y'Uburasirazuba.<ref>https://x.com/Umuseke/status/2036765120009802207</ref> == Ibihugu Inyuramo == [[Dosiye:Nyabarongo RIVER, Bugesera-Kicukiro bridge.jpg|thumb|Umugezi wa Nyabarongo]] Umugezi wa Nyabarongo unyura mu bihugu bitatu bihana imbibi n'U [[Rwanda]] aribyo [[Uburundi]], [[Tanzaniya]] na [[Ubugande]] aho yisuka mu [[Ikiyaga cya Victoriya|kiyaga cya Victoria]], ariyo ikomeza nk'isoko ya [https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/muri-afurika/Ibihugu-binyurwamo-n-uruzi-rwa-Nile-bigiye-gushyiraho-uburyo-bwo-kubungabunga Nili] == Reba kandi == Isoko y'Uruzi rwa Nyabarongo<ref>http://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/main.jhtml?xml=/travel/2006/04/01/etnile01.xml&sSheet=/travel/2006/04/01/ixtrvhome.html</ref> Abavumbuye isoko ya Nile mu Rwanda<ref>http://www.abc.net.au/news/newsitems/200604/s1606427.htm</ref> Rwanda Energy Group<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.reg.rw/what-we-do/projects/project-details/view/nyabarongo-ii-multipurpose-project/category/generation/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-01-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211017000218/https://www.reg.rw/what-we-do/projects/project-details/view/nyabarongo-ii-multipurpose-project/category/generation/ |archive-date=2021-10-17 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Reba == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Rwanda]] [[Category:Kigali]] [[Category:Ubumenyahantu]] [[Category:Imigabane y’Isi]] [[Category:Imigezi]] nbw6u4r5supdvy7x48kbq3ybtvlm1pa 0 8834 148965 145817 2026-11-05T05:22:47Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 148965 wikitext text/x-wiki Kwibuka ni igikorwa ngaruka mwaka kiba buri tariki zirindwi (7) z'ukwezi kwa kane mu Rwanda, hibukwa jenocide yakorewe abatutsi mu [[Dosiye:Kwibuka_Monument.jpg|thumb|Kwibuka Monument|557x557px]] mwaka w'1994.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.kwibuka.rw/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-04-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210407124505/http://www.kwibuka.rw/ |archive-date=2021-04-07 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} t414n6ljucsl63ivhd3906a38yh50ur 0 9329 148911 144663 2026-11-04T20:48:08Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 148911 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Iranian Azali community or Isfahan, Iran Azali community.jpg|thumb|azali firime]] '''''Azali''''' ni film y'ikinamico yo muri [[Gana]] yasohotse 2018 iyobowe na Kwabena Gyansah<ref>https://www.talkafricanmovies.com/azali/</ref> . Yatoranijwe muri [[Gana]] muri Filime Nziza Mpuzamahanga igaragara mu bihembo bya 92 Awards Academy, ariko ntabwo yatowe. Bwari ubwambere [[Gana|Ghana]] itanga firime nziza muri Oscar award<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://afrocentriconline.ca/azali/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-12 |archive-date=2021-11-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211112135413/https://afrocentriconline.ca/azali/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>. == Umugambi == Umukobwa ukiri muto, Amina, abana na nyina, nyirakuru na nyirarume mu mudugudu muto hanze ya Accra<ref>https://www.bellanaija.com/2020/01/kwabena-gyansah-azali/</ref>. Abaho ubuzima bwiza ariko burambiranye nyina yifuza kumubohora<ref>https://montrealblackfilm.com/en/movie/azali-fate-2/</ref>. Nyirakuru yifuriza Amina kurongora umusaza ukomoka mu mudugudu wabo<ref>https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/general-news/2020-oscars-ghana-selects-azali-international-feature-film-category-1241298/</ref>. Nyina wa Amina arigaragambya kandi agurisha Amina ku muntu atazi atizeye ka azabona ubuzima bwiza muri uyu mujyi<ref>https://www.filmaffinity.com/us/film908257.html</ref>. Mu rugendo rwe Amina ahura numusore nawe wagurishijwe akiri umusore kandi muburyo bumwe, aba inshuti ye yonyine<ref>https://www.moviemeter.nl/film/1128543</ref>. Bombi bahunze hamwe nitsinda rito ry'abana nabo bagurishijwe. Mugihe bombi batangiye imirimo itandukanye binyuze muri Accra bagerageza kubona ibyo bakomeza<ref>https://culturecustodian.com/ghanas-oscar-2020-entry-azali-is-coming-to-netflix-next-week/</ref>. == Abakinnyi == * Ama K. Abebrese nka Joan * Asana Alhassan nka Amina * Adjetey Anang nka Akatok * Akofa Edjeani Asiedu nka Rukaya * Emmanuel Nii Adom Quaye nka Quartey * Peter Ritchie nka Boss == Ibihembo == Iyi filime yatowe mu byiciro 15 muri [[Gana]] Movie Awards 2018. Yakiriye nomination 19 muri Golden Movie Awards 2019<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://welovecinema.bnpparibas/mon-cinematcher/azali |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211112135426/https://welovecinema.bnpparibas/mon-cinematcher/azali |archive-date=2021-11-12 |url-status=dead}}</ref>. {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Firime]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi zo muri Gana]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] jbh93uqj7ngs3b25a0ja7kgc4rpudcg 0 9411 148928 147539 2026-11-05T00:42:43Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 148928 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Henri-Joseph Kumba Bididi.jpg|thumb|Henri-Joseph Koumba Bididi muri festival de Cannes 2011]] [[Dosiye:Topographic map of Gabon-fr.svg|thumb|Henri yavukiye muri Gabon ninaho yakuriye]] '''Henri-Yozefu Koumba Bididi''' yavutse 15 Nyakanga 1957), ni umunya Gabo ukora filimi, akandika filimi ndetse anakora kuri Tv nka televiziyo manager umusaruro ahanini utaziguye muma documentary films<ref>http://africultures.com/personnes?no=3204</ref>. Yakoze documentaire nyinshi zamamaye cyane harimo ''na Necklace ya King'' na ''Le Singe Fou''<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://cines.com/en/directors/henri-joseph-koumba-bididi |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250810060225/https://cines.com/en/directors/henri-joseph-koumba-bididi |archive-date=2025-08-10 |url-status=dead}}</ref> . Usibye icyerekezo, yanakoze, yandika cyangwa ayobora inyandiko nyinshi kuri tereviziyo<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.africine.org/personne/henri-joseph-koumba-bididi/3204 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-15 |archive-date=2024-12-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241204044025/http://www.africine.org/personne/henri-joseph-koumba-bididi/3204 |url-status=dead }}</ref>. == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse ku ya 15 Nyakanga 1957 i Omboué, muri [[Gabon]] . Yarangije amashuri ya firime muri École supérieure d'études cinématographiques (ESEC) mu Bufaransa<ref>https://www.allocine.fr/personne/fichepersonne_gen_cpersonne=69396.html</ref>. == Umwuga == Mu 1983, Bididi yakoraga nk'umuyobozi ushinzwe gukina filime ''Équatur'' iyobowe na Serge Gainsbourg <ref>https://ifcinema.institutfrancais.com/en/search?q_text=Henri-Joseph%20Koumba%20Bididi</ref>. Hanyuma mu 1986, yasinyiye muri firime ngufi ''Le singe fou'' <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.unifrance.org/directories/person/306060/henri-joseph-koumba-bididi |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-15 |archive-date=2020-10-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201010230522/https://en.unifrance.org/directories/person/306060/henri-joseph-koumba-bididi/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>. Yahawe igihembo kubera kunenga abanyamakuru b'Abarabu mu iserukiramuco rya Filime rya Carthage ndetse anahabwa igihembo gikomeye cya Filime ngufi mu iserukiramuco rya Filime na Televiziyo rya 10 rya Panafrican rya Ouagadougou (FESPACO) mu 1987<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://cines.com/en/movie-script/henri-joseph-koumba-bididi |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241204063323/https://cines.com/en/movie-script/henri-joseph-koumba-bididi |archive-date=2024-12-04 |url-status=dead}}</ref>. Kuva mu 1988 kugeza 1991, Bididi yari umuyobozi w'ishami rya radiyo na televiziyo byo mu karere ka ' Haut-Ogoué <ref>https://www.eyrolles.com/Litterature/Livre/henri-joseph-koumba-bididi-le-dernier-nabab-du-cinema-gabonais-9782414237135/</ref>'. Kuva mu 1991 kugeza 1994, Bididi yazamuwe kuba umuyobozi wungirije mushya wa Radio Télévision Gabonaise (RTG)<ref>https://www.eyrolles.com/Litterature/Livre/henri-joseph-koumba-bididi-le-dernier-nabab-du-cinema-gabonais-9782414237135/</ref>. Mu 2000, yakomeje gukora nk'umuyobozi wa tereviziyo akaba na producer wa filime ye ya mbere yakinnye, ''Les Couilles de l'éléphant'' <ref>https://www.librairie-gallimard.com/livre/9782414237135-henri-joseph-koumba-bididi-le-dernier-nabab-du-cinema-gabonais-kevin-biyoghe-serge/</ref>. Iyi filime yerekanwe mu iserukiramuco rya Filime rya 17 rya [[Afurika]] ryabereye i [[Wagadugu|Ouagadougou]], [[Burukina Faso|Burkina]] Faso. Mu 1994, Bididi yayoboye ibice bibiri bya serivise ya ''L'auberge du Salut''<ref>https://www.alamy.com/djogo-year-2002-gabon-france-director-henri-joseph-koumba-bididi-image225298644.html</ref> . Muri uwo mwaka, yayoboye filime yerekana ''Le collier du Makoko'', iyi ikaba ari filime ihenze cyane muri [[Afurika]] yo munsi y’ubutayu bwa Sahara yarashwe hamwe na miliyoni 4 z'amayero<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.binged.com/person/henri-joseph-koumba-bididi/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-15 |archive-date=2024-12-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241204052901/https://www.binged.com/person/henri-joseph-koumba-bididi/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>. Filime yateguwe mu myaka 4, aho gufata amashusho byatwaye amezi atatu<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://afrocinestream.com/R%C3%A9alisateur/henri-joseph-koumba-bididi-gabon/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-15 |archive-date=2024-12-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241204052248/https://afrocinestream.com/R%C3%A9alisateur/henri-joseph-koumba-bididi-gabon/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>. Iyi filime yakiriwe neza mu maserukiramuco mpuzamahanga ya filime kandi yegukana igihembo cy’abacamanza kidasanzwe ndetse n’igihembo cyo gusobanura abagabo mu iserukiramuco rya Khouribga 2012 ryabereye muri [[Maroke|Maroc]]<ref>https://mubi.com/cast/henri-joseph-koumba-bididi</ref>. Yatsindiye kandi igihembo cyo Gusobanura mu iserukiramuco rya Ecrans Noirs 2012 ryabereye muri Kameruni nk'icyo gihembo cy’amajwi meza na posita nziza muri FESPACO 2013. Muri 2013<ref>https://www.cinemaafrica.uni-bayreuth.de/de/unsere-gaeste/filmemacher-im-gespraech/Henri-Joseph-Koumba-Bididi/index.html</ref>, iyi filime yatsindiye igihembo cy'abari bitabiriye iserukiramuco rya Filime rya Masuku 2013 ryabereye i Gabon.<ref>http://www.clapnoir.org/spip.php?mot281</ref> == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role !Genre |- |1976 |''Obali'' |producer |film |- |1983 |''Ayouma'' |producer |film |- |1983 |''Équateur'' (Ecuador) |producer |film |- |1983 |''L'Auberge du Salut'' (The Auberge du Salut) |producer |TV series |- |1996 |''Le Damier de Balufu Bakupu Kanyinda'' (The Checkerboard of Balufu Bakupu Kanyinda) |executive producer |film |- |2000 |''Dôlè (l'Argent)'' (Dôlè (Money)) |executive producer |film |- |2001 |''Les Couilles de l'éléphant'' (The Balls of the Elephant) |executive producer |film |- |2006 |''N'Djamena City'' |executive producer |film |- |2009 |''Lybek, le crunch du vivant'' (Lybek, the crunch of the alive) |executive producer |film |- |2011 |''Le collier du Makoko'' (The Makoko Necklace) |producer |film |} == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] 1u7r2twu581b842c82auzga7v4oadjh 0 9427 148936 147921 2026-11-05T01:52:03Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 148936 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Nigeria - Location Map (2013) - NGA - UNOCHA.svg|thumb|ifeanyi yakuriye muri nijeriya ninaho yavukiye ]] '''Ifeanyi OnyeaboIfeanyi Onyeabo''' (1971–2019), yari umukinnyi wa firime [[Nijeriya|wo]] muri [[Nigeriya]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://allafrica.com/view/group/main/main/id/00067441.html?utm_campaign=allafrica%3Aeditor&utm_medium=social&utm_source=facebook&utm_content=promote%3Agroup%3Aablfpu |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211115091019/https://allafrica.com/view/group/main/main/id/00067441.html?utm_campaign=allafrica:editor&utm_medium=social&utm_source=facebook&utm_content=promote:group:ablfpu |archive-date=2021-11-15 |url-status=dead}}</ref>.<ref>https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/nollywood/326201-nollywood-director-ifeanyi-onyeabor-is-dead.html</ref> Azwi cyane muri firime''My Mother’s Heart ,5 Apostles'', ''Darkest Knight'' and ''One Good Turn''<ref>https://africanfilmny.org/directors/ifeanyi-onyeabor/</ref>. Afatanije na mugenzi we Steve James, yashinze isosiyete ikora ibicuruzwa, SIC Entertainment Production Nigeria Limited. Yahawe igihembo muri African Film Academy Award (AMAA) kubera filime ye ''New Jerusalem'' <ref>https://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/ifeanyi-onyeabor/credits/3030694744/</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://guardian.ng/saturday-magazine/lights-out-on-nollywoods-prolific-director-big-slim-ifeanyi-onyeabor/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-15 |archive-date=2021-11-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211115091019/https://guardian.ng/saturday-magazine/lights-out-on-nollywoods-prolific-director-big-slim-ifeanyi-onyeabor/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>. Muri Nyakanga 2014, Onyeabor yongeye gufungirwa muri Kirikiri Maximum Prisons n'Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Lagos rwicaye i Ikeja kubera uburiganya bivugwa ko miliyoni 8.8. Nk’uko amakuru abitangaza<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nigeriafilms.com/movie-news/91-directors-producers-report/11951-nollywood-director-ifeanyi-onyeabor-s-enjoying-life-at-kirikiri |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-15 |archive-date=2021-11-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211115092522/https://www.nigeriafilms.com/movie-news/91-directors-producers-report/11951-nollywood-director-ifeanyi-onyeabor-s-enjoying-life-at-kirikiri |url-status=dead }}</ref>, yakusanyije miliyoni 88.8 zose hamwe na Steve-James mu Kuboza 2008, agamije gukora firime ebyiri; ''Young Amazone'' and ''Tribes''<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://franklin.library.upenn.edu/catalog/FRANKLIN_9946364323503681 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211115091021/https://franklin.library.upenn.edu/catalog/FRANKLIN_9946364323503681 |archive-date=2021-11-15 |url-status=dead}}</ref>''.''<ref>https://guardian.ng/life/music/tribes-producers-end-rift-as-film-soars/</ref> == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role !Genre |- |1999 |''Visitor'' |Director |Video film |- |2001 |''On Holiday'' |Director |Video film |- |2002 |''Kukan kurcia'' |Director |Video film |- |2003 |''The Silent Book 2'' |Director |Video film |- |2003 |''The Silent Book'' |Director |Video film |- |2004 |''Scout'' |Director |Video film |- |2004 |''Pretty Woman'' |Director |Video film |- |2005 |''One Good Turn 3'' |Director |Video film |- |2005 |''One Good Turn 2'' |Director |Video film |- |2005 |''One Good Turn 3'' |Director |Video film |- |2005 |''Never End 2'' |Director |Video film |- |2005 |''Never End 2'' |Director |Video film |- |2005 |''My Mother's Heart 2'' |Director |Video film |- |2005 |''My Mother's Heart 2'' |Director |Video film |- |2005 |''Holy Diamond 3'' |Director |Video film |- |2005 |''Holy Diamond 2'' |Director |Video film |- |2005 |''Holy Diamond'' |Director |Video film |- |2005 |''Darkest Night 2'' |Director |Video film |- |2005 |''Darkest Night 2'' |Director |Video film |- |2005 |''Baby Guards 2'' |Director |Video film |- |2005 |''Baby Guards'' |Director |Video film |- |2006 |''Best of the Game 3'' |Director |Video film |- |2006 |''Best of the Game 2'' |Director |Video film |- |2006 |''Best of the Game'' |Director |Video film |- |2006 |''Aguba Igogoro'' |Director |Video film |- |2008 |''Lumba Boys 2'' |Director |Video film |- |2008 |''Lumba Boys'' |Director |Video film |- |2009 |''Peace Mission'' |Actor: Himself |Documentary |- |2009 |''Apostles 3'' |Director |Video film |- |2009 |''Apostles 2'' |Director |Video film |- |2009 |''Apostles'' |Director |Video film |} == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] acza8ylgkgy3hfh8wr0hyf1e8b5e7xm 0 9506 148987 135031 2026-11-05T09:58:58Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 148987 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Teresa''''', ni Filime ngufi [[Gineya Ekwatoriyale|Equatoguinean]] 2010 iyobowe na Thato Rantao Mwosa kandi yakozwe na Library of National [[Gineya Ekwatoriyale|Gineya]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://frankensaurus.com/Thato_Rantao_Mwosa |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-20 |archive-date=2021-11-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211120094423/https://frankensaurus.com/Thato_Rantao_Mwosa |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.onevoicevirtualassistant.com/c2fzc3a/teresa-movie-cast-224c2c |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-20 |archive-date=2021-11-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211120094419/https://www.onevoicevirtualassistant.com/c2fzc3a/teresa-movie-cast-224c2c |url-status=dead }}</ref>. Iyi filime yanditswe na Guillermina Mekuy Mba Obono, umunyamabanga wa Leta ushinzwe amasomero, Ububiko, Inzu Ndangamurage na Sinema. Muri firime hagaragaramo Elena Iyanga, Betty KB, na Dina Anguesomo mubikorwa byingenzi<ref>https://ms.hrvwiki.net/wiki/Teresa_(2010_film)</ref>. Niyo filime ya mbere yo hagati yakozwe muri [[Gineya Ekwatoriyale|Gineya]] ya Ekwatoriya<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://africa-archive.com/directors?str=Wellington%20Chindara,%20David%20Mubaiwa,%20%C2%A0and%20David%20Dzatsunga |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211120094424/http://africa-archive.com/directors?str=Wellington%20Chindara,%20David%20Mubaiwa,%20%C2%A0and%20David%20Dzatsunga |archive-date=2021-11-20 |url-status=dead}}</ref>. Filime izenguruka mubuzima bwingimbi bwabanyeshuri batatu: Teresa, Rocío na Yolanda bayobowe nibyabaye<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20211120094417/http://www.serenavillage.co/enu5e62h/teresa-movie-cast</ref>. Iyi filime ifite umwanya wa mbere mu kigo ndangamuco cya [[Esipanye]] cya Malabo no mu Ishuri Rikuru ry’umuco ry’Abafaransa ryerekana Malabo <ref>https://pl.hrvwiki.net/wiki/Teresa_(2010_film)</ref>. Filime yakiriwe neza kandi yegukana ibihembo byinshi mubirori mpuzamahanga bya firime<ref>https://mubi.com/films/teresa-2010</ref>. == Abakinnyi<ref>https://www.britannica.com/biography/Teresa-Wright</ref> == * Elena Iyanga nka Teresa * Betty KB * Dina Anguesomo == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] i40r5lgbt1ipo37v4eysk591hrpas8x 0 9589 148917 135556 2026-11-04T21:45:36Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 148917 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Europe relief laea location map.jpg|thumb|inkomoko ye nimugihugu cya portugale niho ababyeyi bee bakomoka]] '''Ciomara Otoniela Morais''' (yavutse ku ya 14 Werurwe 1984), ni umukinnyi wa filime ukomoka muri [[Porutigali]] [[Angola|wavukiye muri Angola]] ufite inkomoko ya Macanese<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm2383511/</ref>. Morais azwi cyane nk'umuyobozi wa firime ''Querida Preciosa'', ''[[:en:All_Is_Well_(2011_film)|All Is Well]]'' and ''A Ilha dos Cães''<ref>https://www.imdb.com/title/tt7944336/</ref><ref>https://moviefit.me/persons/265475-ciomara-morais</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse ku ya 14 Werurwe 1984 i Benguela, muri [[Angola]].<ref>http://www.spla.pro/file.person.ciomara-morais.31217.html</ref> == Umwuga == Mu 2005, yakinnye bwa mbere muri filimi ya ''Morangos com Açúcar'' . Muri uruhererekane, uruhare rwe nka 'Salomé' rwamenyekanye cyane kandi yakiriye imirimo myinshi mumyaka iri imbere kuri tereviziyo<ref>https://dioguinho.com/ve-como-esta-a-salome-dos-morangos-com-acucar/</ref>. Bamwe muribo barimo, uruhare 'Leonor' muri ''Diário de Sofia'', uruhare 'Masara' muri ''Equador'' hanyuma muri ''Makamba Hotel''<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://fotospessoaismca.blogs.sapo.pt/6270.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211122031947/https://fotospessoaismca.blogs.sapo.pt/6270.html |archive-date=2021-11-22 |url-status=dead}}</ref> . Hagati aho, yimukiye mu ikinamico akina umukino wa mbere ''A Balada da Margem Sul'' iyobowe na Hélder Costa<ref>http://www.spla.pro/file.person.ciomara-morais.31217.html</ref>. Yakoze sinema ye ya mbere muri firime ya 2009 ''The Abused'' afite uruhare ruto. Uruhare rwe rwa mbere muri cinema rwanyuze muri 2011 rwamamaye cyane ''All Is Well'' with the role 'Leonor<ref>https://www.filmstarts.de/personen/638008/bilder/detail/?cmediafile=21152697</ref>'. Yatsindiye igihembo cy'umukinnyi witwaye neza muri Festival du Cinéma Africain de Khouribga (FCAK), [[Maroke|Maroc]] na The Carthage Film Festival, [[Tunisiya|Tuniziya]] mu mwaka wa 2012 kubera uruhare yagize muri filime ''[[:en:All_Is_Well_(2011_film)|All Is Well]]'' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.africine.org/personne/ciomara-morais/31217 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-22 |archive-date=2025-01-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250126055108/http://www.africine.org/personne/ciomara-morais/31217 |url-status=dead }}</ref>. Muri uwo mwaka, iyi filime yatsindiye igihembo cya Filime nziza y’igiportigale mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga ryigenga rya IndieLisboa.<ref>https://www.mgagentia.pt/ciomara-morais-bio</ref> Muri 2012, yerekanwe bwa mbere ''mubuyobozi no kwandika hamwe na firime ngufi Encontro com o Criador'' . Hagati aho, yanavuze kuri firime ya animasiyo 'Nayola'<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.radiotimes.com/movie-guide/b-fq2bc0/nayola/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-22 |archive-date=2021-11-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211122031946/https://www.radiotimes.com/movie-guide/b-fq2bc0/nayola/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>. == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role !Genre |- |2005 |''Morangos com Açúcar'' |Salomé |TV Series |- |2005 |''Diário de Sofia'' |Leonor |TV Series |- |2009 |''Equador'' |Masara |TV Mini-Series |- |2009 |''The Abused'' | |Film |- |2009 |''As Maltratadas'' | |Short film |- |2009 |''Makamba Hotel'' | |TV Series |- |2010 |''República de Abril'' |Leonor |TV Movie |- |2011 |''[[:en:All_Is_Well_(2011_film)|All Is Well]]'' |Leonor |Film |- |2011 |''Voo Directo'' |Rita |TV Series |- |2011 |''O Bar do Ti-Chico'' |Lola |TV Movie |- |2012 |''Com Um Pouco de Fé'' | |Film |- |2012 |''Liberdade 21'' |Jessica |TV Series |- |2012 |''O Grande Kilapy'' |Rapariga do Bar |Film |- |2012 |''Encontro com o Criador'' |Viúva |Short film |- |2013 |''Maternidade'' |Nené Cassamá |TV Series |- |2013 |''Camelia de Sangue'' |Abeona |Short film |- |2013 |''Alma'' |Mãe |Short film |- |2013 |''The Thorn of the Rose'' |Linette Oliveira |Film |- |2014 |''Água de Mar'' |Mãe de Silvio |TV Series |- |2015 |''O Quimbo Cuia'' |Odete |TV Series |- |2016 |''A Única Mulher'' | |TV Series |- |2016 |''Dentro'' |Iara |TV Series |- |2016 |''Um Dia'' |Sofia |Short film |- |2017 |''A Ilha dos Cães'' |Lena |Film |- |2017 |''Maison Afrochic'' |Neuza |TV Series |- |2018 |''Querida Preciosa'' |Preciosa |Film |- |TBD |''Já Te Disse Que Te Amo?'' |Sara |Short film |- |TBD |''Nayola'' |Rapariga |Film |} == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] tto5ks9l30wyphpljkloph3p1cml4ww 0 9620 148920 148167 2026-11-04T23:05:35Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 148920 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Regions of Ghana by HDI (2017).svg|thumb|fred kudjo yavukiye muri ghana]] '''Fred Kudjo Kuwornu''' (yavutse ku ya 6 Nzeri 1971), ni Umutaliyani, umukinnyi wa filime wo muri [[Gana]],<ref>https://www.okayafrica.com/african-film-18-ius-soli-fred-kuwornu/</ref> producer, uharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu akaba n'umwarimu ufite icyicaro i New York. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.filmatique.com/interviews-1/2018/fred-kudjo-kuwornu |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-23 |archive-date=2020-11-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108125139/https://www.filmatique.com/interviews-1/2018/fred-kudjo-kuwornu |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>https://www.bu.edu/european/tag/fred-kudjo-kuwornu/</ref> Azwi cyane nk'umuyobozi wa documentaire zizwi cyane nka ''Blaxploitalian Imyaka 100 Yirabura muri Sinema y'Ubutaliyani'', ''Imbere ya Buffalo'' na ''18 IUS SOLI''. Inyandiko ze zivuga ku nsanganyamatsiko za politiki n'imibereho myiza y'abaturage, nk'ivanguramoko, umubano hagati y'amoko, ubudasa, Abanyafurika-Abataliyani ndetse n'irangamuntu ya Diaspora mu Butaliyani na diaspora ya Afurika ku isi. <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.weloveitalian.org/kuwornu/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-23 |archive-date=2021-11-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211123104926/http://www.weloveitalian.org/kuwornu/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Niwe mutaliyani wambere ukomoka muri Afrika abaye umuyobozi. == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse ku ya 6 Nzeri 1971 i Bologna mu [[Ubutaliyani|Butaliyani]] kwa se uva [[Gana]] na nyina w’umutaliyani. <ref name="fullbio">https://3005e193-e7bd-452d-a040-b74c42987c53.filesusr.com/ugd/6ef997_bf2d0bcabeec4f8f8ffe90c5203e7c74.pdf</ref> Se Perviss Kuwornu akomoka mu mudugudu wo mu karere ka Volta, muri [[Gana]], wageze mu Butaliyani mu 1965 yiga ubuvuzi. <ref name="dotherightfilms">https://www.dotherightfilms.nyc/bio-fred-kuwornu</ref> Se wize ibijyanye no kubaga umutima nubuvuzi rusange nyuma arangiza kaminuza. Nyina Alessandra Giacomelli ni Umuyahudi wo mu [[Butaliyani]] wo muri Bologna. Kuwornu yakuriye i Bologna, nyuma yimukira muri Gana, Ferrara, Roma. <ref name="nuoveradici">https://www.nuoveradici.world/articoli/the-incredible-story-of-fred-kuwornu-film-director-born-and-raised-in-italy-who-now-lives-in-america-and-looks-to-africa/</ref> == Umwuga == Amashuri yisumbuye mu Butaliyani no muri Amerika, yabonye impamyabumenyi ya siyanse ya politiki n'itangazamakuru, yakuye muri kaminuza ya Bologna. Ku myaka 16, Fred Kuwornu atangira ubunararibonye bwe nk'umuvugizi wa Radio Estense, radiyo yo muri Ferrara, bityo anonosora ubuhanga bwe bwo guhanga hamwe n'ishyaka rye rya muzika, mu myaka intsinzi ya Rap n'inzu mu muco w'Ubutaliyani. Umwuga we nka DJ uzakomeza kumyaka 15 iri imbere kumaradiyo atandukanye, nka "Radio Bologna International", na "Radio Jam FM." Ku izina ry'irihimbano “Freddy Ajya mu nzu” akora nka producer wa label Mantra Vibes, amenya imbyino imwe yise “Ifirimbi” (1998) na “Sun Train” (1999). Azahagarika umwuga we wa radio igihe azaba yimukiye i Roma gukora muri sinema na TV<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.iitaly.org/magazine/events/reports/article/18-ius-soli-addressing-citizenship-in-modern-day-italy |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211123110436/http://www.iitaly.org/magazine/events/reports/article/18-ius-soli-addressing-citizenship-in-modern-day-italy |archive-date=2021-11-23 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>https://www.coloradocollege.edu/academics/faculty/faculty-by-department.html</ref>. == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role !Genre |- |2002 |''Un papà quasi perfetto'' |Actor |TV Series |- |2003 |''Natale in Autogril'' |Director |Short film |- |2005 |''Miracle at St. Anna'' |Production assistant, Actor: uncredited role |Short |- |2007 |''Virgin Territory'' |Stunts |Film |- |2008 |''Amatemi'' |Actor |Short |- |2008 |''Discovering the Buffalo'' |producer |Documentary |- |2010 |''Inside Buffalo'' |Director, executive producer, writer |Documentary |- |2011 |''18 IUS SOLI'' |Director, executive producer |Documentary |- |2016 |''Blaxploitalian 100 Years of Blackness in Italian Cinema'' |Director, executive producer, writer |Documentary |- |2021 |''Mothers & Daughters: Stories of women from Latin America in Italy'' |Producer |Documentary short |} == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] iy15nk28db2nqzljsad2kcbfduz8rtk 0 9623 148976 147489 2026-11-05T07:42:49Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 148976 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Pantheon''''' ni filime ngufi y’[[igifaransa]] yo muri 2017 iyobowe na Ange-Régis Hounkpatin ikorwa na Myrina Mané kuri TS Productions. <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://augohr.de/catalogue/pantheon |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-23 |archive-date=2021-11-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211123134508/http://augohr.de/catalogue/pantheon |url-status=dead }}</ref> Muri iyi filime hagaragaramo William Edimo mu mwanya wa mbere hamwe na Bass Dhem, Sophia Elisabeth na Hugo Marí. <ref>https://en.unifrance.org/movie/44780/pantheon</ref> Filime irazenguruka Saloman, umushoferi wa tagisi wimyaka 35 akaba umuhungu wumwimukira wa [[Bene|Bénin]].<ref>https://en.unifrance.org/movie/44780/pantheon</ref><ref>http://www.africine.org/film/pantheon/20114</ref> Iyi filime yagaragaye bwa mbere ku ya 22 Kamena 2017 mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya Filime rya Palm Springs, muri [[Amerika]]. Iyi filime yakiriwe neza kandi ihitwamo kumugaragaro kugirango yerekanwe mu iserukiramuco rya sinema nyafurika 2017, iserukiramuco rya sinema rya Atlanta 2018 na Filmfest Dresden 2018<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.africapt-festival.fr/films-2018/pantheon-de-ange-regis-hounkpatin/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211023134922/https://www.africapt-festival.fr/films-2018/pantheon-de-ange-regis-hounkpatin/ |archive-date=2021-10-23 |url-status=dead}}</ref>. Filime yatsindiye igihembo cya Bridging the Borders muri Palm Springs International Festival ya Filime ngufi 2017. Muri uwo mwaka, filime yakiriye icyubahiro mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya firime rya Kolkata. <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://tsproductions.fr/film/pantheon-ange-regis-hounkpatin |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-23 |archive-date=2020-10-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201029072458/http://tsproductions.fr/film/pantheon-ange-regis-hounkpatin |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.fondation-jeanluclagardere.com/archives/2018/ange-regis_hounkpatin_a_realise_le_court_metrage_p</ref> == Abakinnyi == * William Edimo nka Saloman * Bass Dhem nka Elias * Sophia Elisabeth nkumukozi wa Melanie CIA * Hugo Marí nka Oba == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] rsur8z5g4yetvpxbewlsp6u8yapkpsx 0 9740 148914 148262 2026-11-04T21:23:07Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 148914 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Brenda Shey Elung''' ni umukinnyi wa filimi muri [[Kameruni|cameroon]] na film producer . <ref name="AMVC">{{Cite web |url=https://www.betatinz.com/2018/09/cameroonian-actresses-brenda-elung-okawa-shaznay.html?m=1 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-28 |archive-date=2020-10-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201026150924/https://www.betatinz.com/2018/09/cameroonian-actresses-brenda-elung-okawa-shaznay.html?m=1 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.dc-comm.com/cameroonian-movie-industry-brenda-shey-the-mother-hen/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-28 |archive-date=2021-11-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211121213001/http://www.dc-comm.com/cameroonian-movie-industry-brenda-shey-the-mother-hen/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ni Visi Perezida w’uruganda rukora cinema zo muri [[Kameruni]] (CFI) . <ref name="Sam">{{Cite web |url=https://cameroonnewsagency.com/brenda-elung-raises-cameroon-flag-high-ghana-wins-triple-samba-series/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-28 |archive-date=2021-11-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211121223618/https://cameroonnewsagency.com/brenda-elung-raises-cameroon-flag-high-ghana-wins-triple-samba-series/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>https://newsupfront.com/camiff-suffers-second-postponement/</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.camiff.cm/news |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-28 |archive-date=2021-11-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211121213052/https://www.camiff.cm/news |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yitwa kandi " ''Madam Brenda'' ". <ref name="AMV">http://dcodedtv.com/amvca2020-brenda-elung-sparkles-in-tas-design/</ref> == Umwuga == Brenda yagize uruhare mu nganda za firime zo muri [[Kameruni]] kuva mu 2010. <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.cinecamer.info/index.php/fr/les-gens/218-31-femmes-du-cinema-camerounais-brenda-elung-shey-l-as-de-la-production-et-de-la-distribution |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-28 |archive-date=2021-11-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211121213913/http://www.cinecamer.info/index.php/fr/les-gens/218-31-femmes-du-cinema-camerounais-brenda-elung-shey-l-as-de-la-production-et-de-la-distribution |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yatunganije kandi akina muri filime " ''Decoded'' ", iyobowe na Akim Macaulay na Enah Johnscott, yasohotse mu 2013. Iyi filime yafatiwe muri Kanama 2012 ahitwa Limbe, muri Kameruni, hagaragaramo umukinnyi wa [[Gana]] , Van Vicker hamwe n’abakinnyi ba firime muri [[Kameruni]] nka Solange Yijika, Jeffery Epule na Desmond Wyte. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.pulse.ng/gist/cameroon-movie-industry-critically-awaits-decoded-movie/bgn5r6g |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-28 |archive-date=2021-11-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211121215947/https://www.pulse.ng/gist/cameroon-movie-industry-critically-awaits-decoded-movie/bgn5r6g |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>https://www.modernghana.com/mobile/27432/3/van-vicker-joins-cameroonian-film-makers-in-douala.html</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://modelmespot.com/van-vicker-in-douala-for-the-premiere-of-decoded/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-28 |archive-date=2020-10-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201024090451/https://modelmespot.com/van-vicker-in-douala-for-the-premiere-of-decoded/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yari umwe mu bakinnyi ba sinema bateraniye i Buea mu mahugurwa y'iminsi itatu (31 Kanama - 2 Nzeri 2016) kugira ngo baganire ku ivugurura ry'inganda za firime zirwaye muri [[Kameruni]]. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.edennewspaper.net/cameroon-film-industry-strategizes-to-be-revamped/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-28 |archive-date=2021-11-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211121213911/https://www.edennewspaper.net/cameroon-film-industry-strategizes-to-be-revamped/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Muri 2017, ibiganiro bye bya TV, " ''SAMBA'' " yakoze, yakinnye nabakinnyi ba Camerwood nka Jeffery Epule, Kelly Ade, Nsang Dilong, Marie Nyna, Solange Yijika, ubwe, nabandi; cyanditswe na Proxy Buh Melvin; kandi iyobowe na Enah Johnscott, yarekuwe. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.preciouscore.com/meet-cameroons-finest-female-movie-producer-brenda-elung/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-28 |archive-date=2021-11-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211121221447/https://www.preciouscore.com/meet-cameroons-finest-female-movie-producer-brenda-elung/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>https://www.ziff.or.tz/author/admin/page/2/</ref> Filime nyuma ajya imbere gutsinda gihembo ''Official guhitamo'' mu FESPACO ibihembo wa 2017, na ''Best Series'' igihembo mu Ecrans Noirs ibihembo mu 2018. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://tcd.trace.tv/fr/media/view/178 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211121213118/https://tcd.trace.tv/fr/media/view/178 |archive-date=2021-11-21 |url-status=dead}}</ref> I [[Accra]], muri [[Gana]], mu gihembo cya Golden Movie Awards Africa (GMAA) 2017, televiziyo izwi cyane yahawe ibihembo bitatu; na ''Best Actress'' igihembo agiye Ade Kelly, ''Best Actor'' igihembo Libota McDonald na film kwinjiza ''Best TV Series'' igihembo. <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.cameroon-info.net/article/cameroon-film-industry-wins-six-awards-in-ghana-322842.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-28 |archive-date=2021-11-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211121223545/http://www.cameroon-info.net/article/cameroon-film-industry-wins-six-awards-in-ghana-322842.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ku nshuro ya karindwi ibihembo bya AMVCA byabereye muri Eko Hotels na Suits i Lagos, muri [[Nijeriya]] ku ya 14 Werurwe 2020, ni we wenyine wari uhagarariye Inganda za Filime Kameruni (CFI) mu bihembo aho yagaragaye yambaye neza. == Kwihangira imirimo == Niwe washinze Omega One Entertainment, isosiyete ikora firime. <ref>https://www.bbc.com/afrique/region/2016/04/160421_nollywood</ref> Yaserukiye inyungu z’isosiyete mu kiganiro mpuzamahanga cya TV cyo muri Nijeriya cyabereye i Paris (13-14 Mata 2018). <ref>https://nifsummit.com/emails/listid-1/mailid-108-global-interest-in-nigerian-television-industry?tmpl=component</ref> == Kunegura == Muri 2018, yakiriye ibitero bikaze by’abafana ku mbuga nkoranyambaga nyuma yo kugaragara yambaye ikanzu nziza [[Uburusiya|y’Uburusiya]] yakozwe ku nshuro ya gatanu ya AMVCA, amushinja ko yanze gushyigikira abashushanya imuhira bakoresheje imbuga mpuzamahanga nka AMVCA, we we birengagijwe. Icyakora, yahisemo gushyira mu bikorwa ibyo basabye mu nshuro ya karindwi yerekana ibihembo mu mwaka wa 2020 aho yagaragaye mu myambarire ya Limbe yakozwe na TAS Design. {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="width:100%; margin:auto; background:#fff;" !Umwaka ! Umutwe ! Uruhare ! Inyandiko |- | 2017 - | ''SAMBA'' | umukinnyi wa filime; uwatanze umusaruro | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | 2013 | ''Decode'' | | |} == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] 6cxfmyomg0m8vor4jszetw40xgcprz1 0 9759 148967 146205 2026-11-05T05:35:01Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 148967 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Carte du pays nzebi Gabon Congo.png|thumb|ibihurwa yakiniwemo]] [[Dosiye:Coat of arms of Cameroon.svg|thumb|cameroun]] '''''Le guceceka de la forêt''''' ni filime yerekana ikinamico yo muri Central Afurika na [[Kameruni]] yo muri 2003 iyobowe na Bassek Ba Kobhio na Didier Ouenangare . mu mateka ni filime ya mbere yerekanwe muri Sinema yo muri Repubulika ya Centrafrique <ref name=":0">https://www.cinemaescapist.com/2019/02/best-african-movies-list/</ref> Iyi filime kandi yakorewe hamwe muri [[Gabon]] na [[Kameruni]] . <ref>JC Woodfrok (2006) ''Culture and Customs of the Central African Republic'', Greenwood Press, pg. 150</ref> <ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=n1RiCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA224</ref> <ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=Em8kDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT72</ref> Filime yahinduwe ishingiye ku gitabo cyanditswe na [[Étienne Goyémidé]] gifite umutwe umwe ''Le silence de la forêt'' . <ref>http://newsreel.org/video/LE-SILENCE-DE-LA-FORET</ref> Iyi filime yari ishingiye ku moko mato ya Pygmies nyafurika kandi ni nayo filime ya mbere ivuga ku ivangura rishingiye ku moko ry’Abanyafurika bigezweho ku bwoko bw’abasangwabutaka bo muri Afurika (Biaka people). <ref>https://www.kanopy.com/product/silence-forest</ref> == Icegeranyo == Gonaba (Eriq Ebouaney), umugenzuzi w’uburezi mu karere muri Repubulika ya Centrafrique yumva acitse intege nyuma yo gukora mu butegetsi bwa gisirikare imyaka irenga icumi. Bidatinze, ashishikajwe no kunganira ubwoko bw’abasangwabutaka bwitwa Baaka muri rusange birengagizwa kandi bagafatwa nabi muri sosiyete kandi ubuzima bwabo bukaba bubangamiwe n’imijyi n’iterambere ry’ubukungu. <ref>https://www.screendaily.com/the-silence-of-the-forest-le-silence-de-la-foret/4014179.article</ref> == Abakinnyi == * Eriq Ebouaney nka Gonaba * Nadège Beausson-Diagne nka Simone * Sonia Zembourou nka Kali * Philippe Mory nka Perefe Iyi filime yabanje gutangazwa ko izayoborwa gusa n’umukinnyi wa filime ukomoka muri Repubulika ya Centrafrique Didier Ouenangare nkumushinga we wa mbere. Yatangiye kuyobora bwa mbere binyuze muri uyu mushinga afite imyaka 50. Icyakora umuyobozi wa filimi muri [[Kameruni]] Bassek Ba Kobhio yinjiye mu gufata amashusho kandi ashinzwe ibijyanye na tekiniki yo kurasa. Bassek yaje kuba umuyobozi mukuru wa film mugihe Didier yamubereye umuyobozi wa film. Bombi bumvikanye gukorana kandi film yatewe inkunga cyane na Kameruni na Gabon. Iyi filime yakorewe muri CAR mu gihe igihugu cyahuye n’ibibazo by’ubukungu hamwe n’ubutegetsi bwa gisirikare mu 2003 . Byagaragaye ko umukinnyi wa firime Didier yakiriye inkunga ingana na 50000 FF na Agence intergouvernmentale de la francophonie mugihe cy'ibirori bya Amiens. <ref name=":1">http://africultures.com/co-director-of-le-silence-de-la-foret-5698/</ref> Benshi mubagize itsinda hamwe nabatekinisiye mugikorwa cyo gufata amashusho bashakishijwe mubihugu bituranye birimo [[Kameruni]] na Gabon. Umukinnyi wa filime wo muri [[Kameruni]], Eriq Ebouaney yatoranijwe kugira ngo agire uruhare runini kandi yagombaga kwiga ururimi rwa Sango rukaba ari rumwe mu ndimi zemewe za Repubulika ya Centrafrique. Umuhimbyi w’umuziki wamamaye muri [[Kameruni]], Manu Dibango, yinjijwe mu muziki wa filime. Umuyobozi wa firime Didier nawe yakiriye opposition no kunengwa kuba adahisemo abanyafurika yo hagati ngo bakore iyo film. == Kurekura == Iyi filime yerekanwe mu gihugu muri Repubulika ya Centrafrique yarahungabanye kubera ko sinema yonyine mu gihugu yari ifunze icyo gihe. Filime yatoranijwe kumugaragaro kugirango yerekanwe mu minsi mikuru mike ya firime kandi ifunguye muri rusange ibitekerezo byiza byatanzwe nabanegura. Iyi filime yerekanwe ku gice cy’umubumbe wa Afurika muri 2003 Iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya firime rya Toronto 2003. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.digitalhit.com/torontofilmfestival/2003/filmlist |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201121191843/https://www.digitalhit.com/torontofilmfestival/2003/filmlist |archive-date=2020-11-21 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Yatoranijwe kandi kugirango yerekanwe mu gice cy’abayobozi ba Fortnight igice cya Festival ya Cannes 2003 . <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.quinzaine-realisateurs.com/qz_an/2003/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-28 |archive-date=2020-09-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200921151346/https://www.quinzaine-realisateurs.com/edition/2003/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Iyi filime kandi yakiriwe cyane mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya Filime 2003 ryitwa Francophone de Namur (FIFF). <ref>http://africultures.com/namur-2003-la-resistance-francophone-3068/</ref> == referenceserences == == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] 092d0rieo9mcnt4a6zoe4lwmv62miyk 0 9871 148919 135569 2026-11-04T22:41:14Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 148919 wikitext text/x-wiki == Eugenie Mushimiyimana == Madamu Eugenie ni Rwiyemezamirimo w'umugore ufite imiturirwa isaga itatu (3) mu mujyi wa [[Kigali]] harimo numwe uzwi cyane nka M&M PLAZA ugizwe namagorofa 7 uherereye ku gishushu.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.igihe.com/mot/ubukungu |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-12-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211206085919/http://www.igihe.com/mot/ubukungu |archive-date=2021-12-06 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Eugenie kandi ni Visi perezida wishyirahamwe ury'igenga (PSF)<ref>https://umuryango.rw/amakuru/mu-rwanda/ubukungu/article/umunyemari-watorewe-kuyobora-psf-yahize-kubaka-ahazajya-habera-imurikagurisha</ref> mu [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda.]]<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/229336</ref> == Ubuzima bwo hambere == Eugenie yavukiye mu [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Ntara y'Amajyepfo]] mu [[Akarere ka Ruhango|Karere ka Ruhango]] ahitwa i Bweramana akaba ari umu divantisite usenga kumunsi wa 7 akaba yari afite se witabye Imana witwaga Ndinkabandi akaba yari umushumba witorero ry'Abadintantisite na Nyina witwa Mukarusanga Madellene akaba ari nawe asigaranye. Eugenie kandi uvuga ko ibyo yagezeho abikesha umubyeyiwe mama we kuko nawe yari umukozi wibanda cyane kubuhinzi. <ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/94462/yabuze-umugabo-akiri-muto-ubuzima-buramusharirira-ariko-ubu-afite-umuturirwa-wagaciro-kari-94462.html</ref> Eugenie kandi yatangiye acuruza imyaka yajyaga kurangura ahitwa [[Ikibuga muzamahanga cy'indege cya Bugesera|Ikabuga]] no Kumayaga. == Agashya == Eugenie avugako Nyina umubyara umubyara ariwe wa muteye imbaraga zo gukora cyane kuko yamwigiyeho byinshi nko kumutuma,kumufasha ndetse no kumusigariraho mubyo yakoraga bikamutera imbaraga zo gukora cyane avugako ari naryo pfundo ry'ubukungu bwe kurubu. mu [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]]<ref>https://umuryango.rw/amakuru/mu-rwanda/ubukungu/article/umunyemari-watorewe-kuyobora-psf-yahize-kubaka-ahazajya-habera-imurikagurisha</ref> Eugenie kandi yize ubwarimu mu mashuri yisumbuye nyuma aza kuyahagarika arashyingirwa. == Ibyamugoye == Madamu Eugenie avugako byamugoye nyuma yo kubura byose yari yaragezeho mbere ya [[Genocide mu Rwanda|Genocide]] ya korewe abatutsi mu [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]] ndetse no kubura umugabo bari barashakanye gusa ntago yacitse intege yakomeje gukorana na Nyina umubyara kugeza ubwo bicaraga bagahiga ibyo bagomba kugeraho buri myaka 2. kuva mu mwaka wi 1998 kugeza muri 2005 bafite ibyo bagiye bageraho mumihigo bari bariyemeje yaburi myaka ibiri mu muryango ari naho bahereye bagura ibibanza [[Kigali|mumujyi wa Kigali]]<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/94462/yabuze-umugabo-akiri-muto-ubuzima-buramusharirira-ariko-ubu-afite-umuturirwa-wagaciro-kari-94462.html</ref> == Inama za Eugenie (empowerment) == uyu mugore ufite ubutunzi butari bucye mu [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]] kandi uzwiho kwicisha bugufi kubamugana bose avuga ko ubutunze afite kugeza ubu atari ibintu byamugwiririye kuko kuva kera yahoraga irhande rwa nyina umubyara amufasha gucuruza kuko nawe yakoraga [[Ubucuruzi Mpuzamahanga bw’Ibinyabuzima Bwenda Gucika|ubucuruzi]] buciriritse ni umwe mu bagore bafite ubutunzi ndetse n'inyubako zakataraboneka mu [[Rwanda]] arinako agira inama abagore ndetse nabandi muri rusange mwibanga yakoresheje kugirango abe ageze aho ageze agira ati nukwigwa gukoresha amafaranga yose ubonye ndetse no kugira gahunda mubyo ukora byose kuko biri muntwaro avuga ko yakoresheje mwiterambere rye mu [[Rwanda]] kugirango agere aho ageze ubu.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://igihe.com/serivisi/special-pages/womens-month/inkuru/article/mushimiyimana-umugore-wiyubakiye-imiturirwa-irimo-n-ufite-amagorofa-arindwi |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-02-23 |archive-date=2021-12-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211206081251/https://www.igihe.com/serivisi/special-pages/womens-month/inkuru/article/mushimiyimana-umugore-wiyubakiye-imiturirwa-irimo-n-ufite-amagorofa-arindwi |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Imvune yahuye nazo == Madamu Mushimiyimana Eugenie yagize ibyago abura umugabo akiri muto ubwo yari afite imyaka 27 gusa. byaramubabaje gusantago byatumye acika intege nubwo yari asigaranye inshingano zikomeye wenyine zo kwita kubana yari amusigiye ndetse nizindi nshingano.ahubwo byatumye akora cyane kurushaho kugirango abashe kusa ikivicya nyakwigendera yarakoze kugeza ubwo ari umwe mubagore bafatwa nk'ikitegererezo mu [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]] biteje imbere kuko ari umwe mubagore bafite imwe mumiturirwa [[Kigali|i Kigali]]<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/94462/yabuze-umugabo-akiri-muto-ubuzima-buramusharirira-ariko-ubu-afite-umuturirwa-wagaciro-kari-94462.html</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} jr8dyzeuowyvkqtvza5l1wa87l2j54t 0 9903 148973 137315 2026-11-05T06:59:12Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 148973 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Sellers_and_buyers_at_the_village_cooperative.Ntunga,Rwanda.jpg|thumb|Umwuga w'ubucuruzi]] '''Niyibaho Berthilde''' (yavutse muri 1960) <ref name="tnt">https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/208864</ref> [[Rwanda|numudamu wumucuruzi mu Rwanda]] wamamaye mubucuruzi kubikomoka kubuhinzi. <ref name="hm">{{Cite web |url=http://hope-mag.com/index.php?com=news&option=read&ca=1&a=945 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-12-12 |archive-date=2021-12-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211209192953/http://hope-mag.com/index.php?com=news&option=read&ca=1&a=945 |url-status=dead }}</ref> itanga ifu y'ibihumyo na vino y'ibitoki. <ref name="tnt" /> Niyibaho watangiye uruganda mu mwaka wa 2006, aho ubu rukoresha abakozi bahoraho bagera kuri 30, n’abandi ba nyakabyizi bataha bagera 40, rukaba ruzwi ku izina rya BN Producers. bizwi nka Belthilde Niyibaho Producers . Ikigo cy’igihugu gitsura ubuziranenge cya RBS, aho gifasha Niyibaho kubona ibyangombwa, ndetse ikamugira inama, bigafashako ibihumyo bikajya mu mahanga byanditseho u [[Rwanda]] aho kubijyana mu izina rya [[Ubugande|Uganda]] . umushinga we washyigikiwe na Banki itsura amajyambere BRD .<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://mobile.igihe.com/ubukungu/iterambere/minisitiri-w-intebe-agiye-kuvuganira-umuhinzi-w-ibihumyo-wimwe-inguzanyo |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-08-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230810230249/https://mobile.igihe.com/ubukungu/iterambere/minisitiri-w-intebe-agiye-kuvuganira-umuhinzi-w-ibihumyo-wimwe-inguzanyo |archive-date=2023-08-10 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Umwuga w'ubucuruzi == [[Dosiye:Urutoki.jpg|thumb|Urutoki Niyibaho yatangiriyeho akora ibinyobwa biruvuyemo]] Niyibaho yatangiye gake gake akora ibinyobwa byibitoki muri 2005 nyuma yo kurangiza amashuri yisumbuye. Yagiye mu [[Ubushinwa|Bushinwa]] abinyujije mu kigo cy’ubuhinzi cy’u [[Rwanda]] (RAB), kimufasha gutozwa ubuhinzi bw’ibihumyo no kubitunganya. Muri 2006 yatangiye ubucuruzi bwe nishoramari rito. <ref name="hm" /> Mu mwaka wa 2010, yatoranijwe mu mishinga mito n'iciriritse kugira ngo ahugurwe mu [[Ubuholandi|Buholandi]] ku bijyanye no gukora imbuto y'ibihumyo abifashijwemo n'ikigo gishinzwe iterambere ry'u [[Rwanda]]. Agurisha ibicuruzwa bye mu [[Rwanda]], [[Uganda]], [[Tanzaniya]], na Bukavu, mu burasirazuba bwa Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya [[Kongo]]. BN Producers Limited itanga ibihumyo bishya, byumye, itanga imbuto yibihumyo kandi itanga serivisi zamahugurwa kubaturage gukora ibihumyo nkubucuruzi butanga umusaruro. <ref name="hm" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Abanyarwandakazi]] [[Ikiciro:Abanyarwandakazi bari muri business]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore mu bucuruzi]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] 8ljkjnyj04gj75swg8zhnzr8tzo165b 0 10010 148999 148613 2026-11-05T11:49:15Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 148999 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox umurenge}} '''Umurenge wa Jarama''' ni umurenge wo mu [[Akarere ka Ngoma|Karere ka Ngoma]], mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]] y'u [[Rwanda]]. Ugizwe n'[[Akagari|utugari]] dutanu. Muri 2022, Umurenge wa Jarama wari utuwe n'abaturage 31 122. Abaturage bose baba mu cyaro. [[Ubuhinzi]] bw'[[Ikigori|ibigori]], ibishyimbo na [[soya]] ni bwo bukorwa cyane. [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|left|200x200px|Intara z'u Rwanda]] Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → [[Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Uturere]] → Imirenge → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. {{Clear left}} == Amateka == [[File:RukumberiGenocideMemorial06.jpg|thumb|left|Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Rukumberi, ahashyinguye imibiri yabonetse i Jarama]] Mu gihe cya [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]], Abatutsi benshi bishwe i Jarama. Ubwicanyi bwatangiye ku wa 7 Mata 1994. Ku wa 9 Mata, Abatutsi barenga 200 bishwe mu masaha make. Bamwe bajugunywe mu byobo. Abandi bajugunywe mu bishanga by'Akagera. Impunzi z'Abarundi zo mu nkambi za Sake na Nemba zafatanyije n'[[Interahamwe]] kwica. Nyuma zasubiye mu [[Uburundi|Burundi]]. Imibiri yabonetse yashyinguwe mu [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Rukumberi]].<ref name="newtimes">{{Cite web |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/34778/news/kwibuka/ngoma-survivors-still-haunted-by-burundian-genocide-suspects-who-escaped-justice/amp |title=Ngoma: Survivors still haunted by Burundian genocide suspects who escaped justice |author=Emmanuel Nkangura |website=The New Times |date=2026-04-11 |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> == Ubuso n'abaturage == [[File:Ngoma district map.jpg|thumb|left|Ikarita y'Akarere ka Ngoma]] Umurenge wa Jarama ufite ubuso bwa 91,27 km².<ref name="cp">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/ngoma/5602__jarama/ |title=Jarama (Sector, Rwanda) |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2012, wari utuwe n'abaturage 23 861.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://statistics.gov.rw/sites/default/files/2025-06/Ngoma-District-Profile.pdf |title=Fourth Population and Housing Census, Rwanda, 2012: District Profile Ngoma |publisher=National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda |year=2015 |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, wari utuwe n'abaturage 31 122. Muri bo, abagabo bari 14 942, abagore bari 16 180. Abaturage bose baba mu cyaro.<ref name="nisr2022">{{Cite web |url=https://www.statistics.gov.rw/sites/default/files/2025-05/Ngoma.pdf |title=Fifth Population and Housing Census, Rwanda, 2022: District Profile Ngoma |publisher=National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda |year=2023 |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Ubucucike ni abaturage 341 kuri km².<ref name="cp" /> == Utugari == Umurenge wa Jarama ugizwe n'utugari dutanu: * Ihanika<ref name="isango" /> * Jarama * Karenge<ref name="umwezi" /> * Kibimba * Kigoma == Ubukungu == Ubuhinzi ni bwo bukorwa cyane mu Murenge wa Jarama. Muri 2024, Akarere ka Ngoma kavuze ko Jarama ari wo murenge weza ibigori byinshi mu karere. Jarama ni na wo wa mbere mu kweza ibishyimbo na soya. Muri uyu murenge hari koperative yitwa KOPAMUJA. Ihinga ibigori, ibishyimbo na soya. Muri 2024, yari ifite abanyamuryango 479. Abahinzi bavuga ko umusaruro w'ibigori wavuye kuri toni 1 ugera kuri toni 5 kuri hegitari. Ibyo babikesha [[ifumbire]] n'imbuto z'indobanure.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://muhaziyacu.rw/amakuru/ngoma-ubuhinzi-buvuguruye-bubagejeje-ku-kweza-toni-5-zibigori-kuri-hegitari/ |title=Ngoma: Ubuhinzi buvuguruye bubagejeje ku kweza toni 5 z’ibigori kuri hegitari |author=Angelo Manzi |website=Muhazi Yacu |date=2024-07-05 |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240706111024/https://muhaziyacu.rw/amakuru/ngoma-ubuhinzi-buvuguruye-bubagejeje-ku-kweza-toni-5-zibigori-kuri-hegitari/ |archive-date=2024-07-06 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ibikorwa remezo == Muri 2024, Umurenge wa Jarama wari ufite [[ishuri|amashuri]] atanu y'uburezi rusange.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nesa.gov.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/NESA/Announcements/2024__List_of_Accredited_schools_operating_in_Rwanda_October_2024/NGOMA_ACCREDOTED__LIST_SCHOOLS_OCTOBER_2024.pdf |title=List of accredited schools operating in Ngoma District (October 2024) |publisher=National Examination and School Inspection Authority |year=2024 |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> [[File:ISS006-E-24705 - View of Rwanda (cropped Lake Sake).jpg|thumb|left|Ikiyaga cya Sake kigaragara kivuye mu kirere]] Abaturage b'Akagari ka Ihanika bavomaga amazi y'[[Ikiyaga cya Sake]]. Ayo mazi yabateraga indwara. Muri Kamena 2024, inzego z'umutekano zabegereje ivomo. Iryo vomo rivana amazi mu Kiyaga cya Sake, rikayasukura. Amazi abikwa mu bigega bibiri bya litiro 20 000. Ishuri rya Umuka na ryo rivoma kuri iryo vomo.<ref name="isango">{{Cite web |url=https://www.isangostar.rw/ngoma-abavomaga-amazi-y-ikiyaga-cya-sake-begerejwe-ivomo-ninzego-zumutekano |title=Ngoma: Abavomaga amazi y' ikiyaga cya Sake begerejwe ivomo n'inzego z'umutekano |author=Uwajeneza Donatha |website=Isango Star |date=2024-06-20 |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Muri Gicurasi 2017, Polisi y'u Rwanda n'Akarere ka Ngoma bahaye abaturage 98 bo mu Kagari ka Karenge amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba.<ref name="umwezi">{{Cite web |url=https://umwezi.rw/jarama-abaturage-bavanywe-ku-katadowa/ |title=Jarama : Abaturage bavanywe ku katadowa |author=Kagaba Emmanuel |website=Umwezi |date=2017-05-25 |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} {{Palette Imirenge y'Akarere ka Ngoma}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Ngoma]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda]] idp7i0lbogwjrqlv5qfshdy2bplip4y 0 10020 148915 139328 2026-11-04T21:27:33Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 148915 wikitext text/x-wiki Gahunda ya Burse ya Leta ya '''[[Koreya y’Amajyepfo|Koreya]]''', cyangwa '''KGSP''', ni buruse yo kwiga iterwa inkunga kandi igacungwa n'Ikigo cy'igihugu gishinzwe uburezi mpuzamahanga (NIIED), ishami rya minisiteri y'uburezi muri Repubulika ya Koreya (Koreya y'Epfo). <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Institute_for_International_Education_(NIIED)</ref> NIIED itanga buruse ya Global Korea Scholarship (GKS) ikubiyemo ubwoko butandukanye bwa gahunda zingoboka zo guhanahana amasomo hagati ya Repubulika ya Koreya (Koreya yepfo) nibihugu mpuzamahanga. Hariho ubwoko bubiri bwa porogaramu, kandi byombi ni ibya GKS. == Gahunda ya buruse ya leta ya koreya kubanyeshuri mpuzamahanga (KGSPIS == Ibi ni ugushyigikira imyigire y'abanyeshuri mpuzamahanga muri kaminuza zo muri koreya (haba mucyiciro cya mbere cya kaminuza n'icyiciro cya kabiri cya kaminuza). Iyi ni imwe muri gahunda nyinshi za buruse ya Global Korea Scholarship (GKS). == Gahunda ya buruse ya leta ya koreya yo kwiga mumahanga (KGSPSO) == Nukugoboka abanyeshuri ba koreya biga mumahanga (urwego rwa nyuma). Iyi ni imwe muri gahunda nyinshi za bourse ya Global Korea Scholarship (GKS). == Urutonde rwa Gahunda ya GKS == Usibye gahunda ebyiri zavuzwe haruguru, hariho gahunda zitandukanye zo gutumira abanyeshuri mpuzamahanga muri Repubulika ya Koreya (Koreya yepfo), zose zikaba ari "Global [[Koreya y’Amajyepfo|Korea]] Scholarship (GKS * Gahunda ya buruse ya leta ya koreya kubanyeshuri mpuzamahanga (KGSPIS) * Gahunda ya buruse ya leta ya koreya yo kwiga mumahanga (KGSPSO) * Gahunda y'Ubutumire bwa Guverinoma ya Koreya ku bihugu by'abafatanyabikorwa * Gahunda yo Gushyigikira Guverinoma ya Koreya kubanyeshuri b’ivunjisha * Gahunda yo Gushyigikira Guverinoma ya Koreya kubanyeshuri baterwa inkunga * GKS kubanyeshuri ba ASEANI Yubumenyi nubuhanga * Gahunda ya GKS Impeshyi kubanyeshuri bo muri Afrika na Latine * Porogaramu yo Guhana Abanyeshuri muri Koreya n'Ubuyapani == Gahunda ya buruse ya leta ya koreya kubanyeshuri mpuzamahanga == Gahunda ya buruse ya leta ya koreya kubanyeshuri mpuzamahanga (KGSPIS) itanga "abatari abanyakoreya" n " abanyakoreya bo mumahanga (bujuje ibisabwa) "inkunga n amahirwe yo gukora amasomo yisumbuye cyangwa ayisumbuye muri kaminuza [[Koreya y’Amajyepfo|ya Repubulika ya Koreya]] (Koreya yepfo) ). Byaba bikenewe na kaminuza cyangwa abahawe buruse bifuza, barashobora kubona infashanyo yinyongera yo kwiga ururimi rwigikoreya. Kuva yashingwa mu 1967, abanyeshuri barenga 3.000 baturutse mu bihugu 148 barangije neza gahunda ya buruse. <ref name="NIIED KGSP Info">{{Cite web |url=http://www.niied.go.kr/eng/contents.do?contentsNo=78&menuNo=349 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-02-14 |archive-date=2018-07-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180731093521/http://www.niied.go.kr/eng/contents.do?contentsNo=78&menuNo=349 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name="NIIED June 2015 Newsletter">{{Cite web |url=http://hdonair.com/2015_06_niied/int_01.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-02-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220214174221/http://hdonair.com/2015_06_niied/int_01.html |archive-date=2022-02-14 |url-status=dead}}</ref>.I yi gahunda yagenewe gutumira impano mpuzamahanga muri Koreya yepfo, no guhuza intiti mumico na societe ya koreya. Niba byemewe, buri muhanga asanzwe amara umwaka umwe muri Koreya yepfo yiga ururimi rwigikoreya, agakurikirwa na gahunda ya kaminuza yimyaka 2 - 4, bitewe nurwego rwabo. Muri 2015, abanyeshuri 820 baturutse mu bihugu 162 bakiriwe muri gahunda ya buruse. <ref name="NIIED June 2015 Newsletter2">http://hdonair.com/2015_06_niied/int_01.html</ref> Icyakora, intiti 270 zananiwe kubona impamyabumenyi yazo mu myaka ya 2011 - 2015, zerekana inzitizi z’ururimi n’umuco. <ref>http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20150908001110</ref>.Buri ntiti iterwa inkunga na leta ya koreya muburyo bwamafaranga ya buri kwezi. Abanyeshuri barangije bahabwa 800.000 KRW ku kwezi mugihe abanyeshuri barangije bahabwa 900.000 KRW ku kwezi. Mubyongeyeho, NIIED itanga indege kubanyeshuri no kuva mugihugu cyabo mugitangira no kurangiza gahunda. Amafaranga atangwa nandi mafaranga nayo ahabwa buri muhanga. <ref name="NIIED KGSP Info2">{{Cite web |url=http://www.niied.go.kr/eng/contents.do?contentsNo=78&menuNo=349 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-02-14 |archive-date=2018-07-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180731093521/http://www.niied.go.kr/eng/contents.do?contentsNo=78&menuNo=349 |url-status=dead }}</ref>. == Inkunga ya Porogaramu y'ururimi rwa koreya == Mbere yo gutangira impamyabumenyi zabo, intiti za KGSP zirasabwa gufata umwaka umwe w’indimi zikomeye mu kigo cyagenewe ururimi. Intiti zose zirasabwa kubona byibuze urwego rwa 3 (intermediate) mugupimisha ubumenyi muri koreya (TOPIK) mbere yuko bakomeza amasomo yabo. <ref name="TOPIK Guide">{{Cite web |url=http://www.topikguide.com/niied-korean-government-scholarship-program-kgsp-2015 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-02-14 |archive-date=2016-01-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160126172513/http://www.topikguide.com/niied-korean-government-scholarship-program-kgsp-2015/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Nk’uko NIIED ibivuga, urwego rwa 3 rwa TOPIK rutuma umuntu "akora imirimo y’ibanze y’indimi zikenewe mu gukoresha ibikoresho rusange no gukomeza imibanire myiza. <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.topikguide.com/2015/02/niied-korean-government-scholarship-program-kgsp-2015.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-02-14 |archive-date=2015-09-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150901083202/http://www.topikguide.com/2015/02/niied-korean-government-scholarship-program-kgsp-2015.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> .Igihe gisanzwe kuri gahunda yururimi ni umwaka umwe, ariko irashobora kurekurwa, kugabanywa cyangwa kwagurwa bitewe n ibisubizo bya TOPIK. Intiti zabonye mbere ya TOPIK ya 5 cyangwa 6 (zateye imbere) zisonewe gahunda yindimi, kandi zirasabwa guhita zitangira amasomo. Niba intiti ibonye TOPIK 5 cyangwa 6 mugihe cyamezi atandatu yambere ya gahunda yururimi, noneho basabwa gutangira amasomo yabo mugihembwe gitaha, bakagabanya igihe cyabo mumashuri atandatu. Byongeye kandi, intiti zananiwe kugera kuri TOPIK 3 nyuma yumwaka umwe wiga ururimi ntizishobora gukomeza amasomo yabo, kandi zigomba gukora andi mezi atandatu yo kwiga ururimi mukigo cyindimi zabo. <ref>https://www.educanada.ca/scholarships-bourses/can/fga_korea-bge_coree.aspx?lang=eng</ref> Abanyeshuri ntibashobora kuva muri Koreya yepfo mugihe cyururimi kugirango bashobore kwibanda kumyigire yabo. Ariko, ibintu bidasanzwe birakorwa mugihe cyihutirwa nibibazo byumuryango.Ikigo cyindimi cyagenwe na NIIED kandi ntigishobora guhinduka. <ref name="TOPIK Guide2">{{Cite web |url=http://www.topikguide.com/niied-korean-government-scholarship-program-kgsp-2015 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-02-14 |archive-date=2016-01-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160126172513/http://www.topikguide.com/niied-korean-government-scholarship-program-kgsp-2015/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ibigo byindimi birimo amashuri nka kaminuza ya Keimyung na kaminuza ya Dongseo, kandi mubisanzwe mumujyi utandukanye nishuri ryatoranijwe muri gahunda yimpamyabumenyi. Ibi biha buri muhanga amahirwe yo gusuzuma imijyi myinshi yo muri Koreya yepfo.Abadafite viza yo gutura basabwa kugira viza ya D-4 yo kwiga ururimi. <ref name="Visa">http://www.studyinkorea.go.kr/en/sub/overseas_info/guide/guide_visa.do</ref> == Inkunga ya Impamyabumenyi ya Kaminuza == Mugihe cyo gusaba, intiti zihitamo porogaramu na kaminuza kuri gahunda zabo zidashobora guhinduka, bikabuza ibihe bikabije. Gahunda ya buruse igenera imyaka ine intiti zikurikirana [[:en:Bachelor's_degree|impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga]], imyaka ibiri y'icyiciro cya [[:en:Bachelor's_degree|gatatu cya kaminuza]] n'imyaka itatu kuri [[:en:PhD|PhD]]. Impamyabumenyi isabwa kuri buri ntiti ishingiye kuri gahunda yabo na kaminuza.Intiti zifite TOPIK urwego rwa 5 cyangwa zirenga zihabwa 100.000 KRW buri kwezi kumafaranga yabo ya buri kwezi mugihe cyo kwiga. Amafaranga yinyongera ahabwa intiti mubyiciro byubushakashatsi.<ref name="NIIED KGSP Info3">{{Cite web |url=http://www.niied.go.kr/eng/contents.do?contentsNo=78&menuNo=349 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-02-14 |archive-date=2018-07-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180731093521/http://www.niied.go.kr/eng/contents.do?contentsNo=78&menuNo=349 |url-status=dead }}</ref>.Abadafite viza yo gutura basabwa kugira viza ya [[:en:List_of_South_Korean_visas#D_visas|D-2]] kugirango bakomeze.<ref name="Visa2">http://www.studyinkorea.go.kr/en/sub/overseas_info/guide/guide_visa.do</ref> == Inkunga y'inyongera == Usibye gutera inkunga y'ishuri, amafaranga yo kubaho no kwiga ururimi rwa koreya, hepfo hazashyirwa ahagaragara na leta ya koreya ''* Ubwishingizi bw'ubuzima bw'igihugu'' ''* Itike yindege hagati yigihugu cyigihugu na [[Koreya y’Amajyepfo|Repubulika ya Koreya]] (rimwe)'' == Ibihugu byitabiriye == Kugeza 2014, abaturage baturutse mu [[:en:Citizens|bihugu]] 157 barashobora gusaba KGSP. Menya ko urutonde rwibihugu ruvugururwa buri mwaka, ariko ibihugu byinshi kwisi birimo. {| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" !List of Countries with KGSP Quotas | |- |[[Afuganisitani|Afghanistan]] |[[Alubaniya|Albania]] |[[Aligeriya|Algeria]] |[[Angola]] |- |[[Ositaraliya|Australia]] |[[Ositiriya|Austria]] |[[Azeribayijani|Azerbaijan]] |[[Bahirayini|Bahrain]] |- |[[Belarusi|Belarus]] |[[Ububiligi|Belgium]] |[[Bene|Benin]] |[[Butani|Bhutan]] |- |[[Burezile|Brazil]] |[[Buruneyi|Brunei]] |[[Bulugariya|Bulgaria]] |[[Burukina Faso|Burkina Faso]] |- |[[Kameruni|Cameroon]] |[[Kanada|Canada]] |[[Repubulika ya Santara Afurika|Central African Republic]] |[[Shili|Chile]] |- |[[Kosita Rika|Costa Rica]] |[[Kote Divuwari|Cote d'Ivoire]] |[[Korowatiya|Croatia]] |[[Cekiya|Czech Republic]] |} == Kaminuza zujuje ibisabwa == Muri 2014, kaminuza 60 zagenwe na NIIED nkibigo byujuje ibyangombwa byo kwiga icyiciro cya kabiri cya kaminuza. <ref name="Guidebook">http://www.international.ucla.edu/media/files/2014-KGSP-Guideline-3a-3xh.pdf</ref> === Ibyo Wareba === [[:en:Scholarships_in_Korea|Scholarship in KOREA]] [[:en:Education_in_South_Korea|Education in SOUTH KOREA]] === External links === [http://www.studyinkorea.go.kr/ Study in korea] [https://web.archive.org/web/20130712184536/http://niied.go.kr/ National Institute for International Education (NIIED)] == References == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Uburezi]] e053bvt2v2vdu5gbjd7e200k6ghi9s1 0 10182 148974 135718 2026-11-05T07:17:12Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 148974 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nyagahura Margaret''' (yavutse taliki 13 Kamena 1961) Ni umugore akaba umunyarwandakazi w'umunyapolitike, uzwi mu murimo igiye itandukanye mu gihugu. Nyagahura Margaret yabaye mu inteko inshinga amategeko aho yari mu mutwe wa badepite mu basenateri, ninaho yageje gutorewa kuba uwungirije Niyongana Gallican yatorewe kuba perezida akungirizwa na Nyagahura Margaret muri komisiyo y’ imibereho myiza n'uburenganzira bwa muntu n’ibibazo by’abaturage. Nyakubahwa Margaret Nyagahura yarahiriye kuba umusenateri ku italiki 12 ukwakira 2012 .<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/58505</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/dore-ibigwi-by-abasenateri-20-bagize-manda-ya-gatatu-ya-sena</ref><ref>https://www.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/sena-yatoye-abayobozi-bashya-ba-komisiyo-zihoraho</ref><ref>https://bwiza.com/?Rusizi-Ibitaro-bya-Gihundwe-na-Mibilizi-birishyuza-Leta-asaga-Miliyoni-300</ref><ref name=":0">https://bryanhixson.wordpress.com/tag/senator-marguerite-nyagahura/</ref><ref name=":0" /> == Ibyo Yakoze == Nyagahura Margaret umunyarwandakazi wavutse taliki 13 kamena 1961 avuka mu [[Rwanda]] . Nyagahura Margaret akaba ari umusenaterikazi washyizweho na perezida wa repubulika [[Paul Kagame]], akaba yarize akanakora ibijyanye na sociology ibijyanye nu bumenya muntu, wakoreraga kandi diaspora ari nkumufasha wita cyane ku barwayi, ari umutoza, no mu bagore bakora ubucuruzi ndetse akaba n’umunyamabanga nshingwabikorwa w’ishyirahamwe ry’umuco nyarwanda baba muri [[Suwede]] .<ref>https://www.ktpress.rw/2020/10/evode-uwizeyimana-bounces-back-to-politics-as-senator/</ref> Nyagahura Margaret akaba ari umwe mubakoze ku isuzuma rikuru kuri CBC, aho bajyaga kuganira n'amashami atandukanye y'uburezi mu Rwanda; abarimu, abayobozi b'ibigo, abanyeshuri n'abayobozi b'inzego z'ibanze kugirango bamenye uko bihagaze n'ibibazo bihari mu burezi <ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/160453/News/students-raise-concerns-on-new-curriculum-ahead-of-national-exams</ref>.<ref>https://bwiza.com/?Perezida-Kagame-arakira-indahiro-z-Abasenateri-bashya</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/perezida-paul-kagame-yakiriye-indahiro-z-abasenateri-6-bashya |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-08-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230811080030/https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/perezida-paul-kagame-yakiriye-indahiro-z-abasenateri-6-bashya |archive-date=2023-08-11 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == <u>AMASHAKIRO</u> == https://web.archive.org/web/20210709182833/https://uok.ac.rw/senators-visit-university-kigali/ {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Umugore]] [[Ikiciro:Umunyapolitike]] [[Ikiciro:Umunyarwandakazi]] [[Ikiciro:Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y’u Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Inteko ishinga amategeko]] l5wn22qe1wgu0tuwjhghnphjakqnflj 0 10389 148957 148607 2026-11-05T04:45:40Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 148957 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Joy Mukanyange.png|thumb|Joy Mukanyange in 2013]] '''Joy Mukanyange''' n'umudipolomate [[Rwanda|w'umunyarwandakazi]] akaba n'umurwanashyaka kuburenganzira bwa muntu. Yabaye ambasaderi w'u [[Rwanda]] muri [[Tanzaniya]] nyuma muri [[Kenya]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/node/861940 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-07 |archive-date=2022-05-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220507093619/https://www.newtimes.co.rw/node/861940 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/rwanda-today/news/rwandan-politicians-who-once-called-the-shots-where-are-they-now--1353442</ref>. == Ubuzima == Joy Mukanyange yakuriye i Gikongoro arerwa n'umuryango urwanya amakimbirane. Nyuma y’ibitero byibasiye abatutsi mu [[Rwanda]] kuko umuryango we wahunze mu 1959 ujya mu nkambi y’impunzi muri [[Uganda]]<ref name="isec">[https://www.inclusivesecurity.org/network-bio/joy-mukanyange/ Joy Muknyange], InclusiveSecrity.org, Retrieved 29 March 2016</ref>. Nyuma yimukiye mu majyepfo ya [[Uganda]]. Yagiye muri kaminuza ya Makerere muri [[Uganda]] arangiza afite ubuvanganzo. Mu myaka ya za 1980, yabaye i [[Nairobi]] muri [[Kenya]], aho yari umunyamabanga w'ishyirahamwe rya Nyampinga association ryitaga ku mpunzi z'u [[Rwanda]] muri [[Kenya]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.therwandan.com/ki/madame-angelique-kantengwa-yishe-itegeko-rya-munyangire/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240717204458/https://www.therwandan.com/ki/madame-angelique-kantengwa-yishe-itegeko-rya-munyangire/ |archive-date=2024-07-17 |url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="isec" /> Nyuma ya jenoside yakorewe abatutsi mu [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Rwanda]], yabaye Ambasaderi w’u [[Rwanda]] muri [[Tanzaniya]] <ref name="isec"/> kandi yari umuyobozi w’u [[Rwanda]] witabiriye igihano cy’uwahoze ari Minisitiri w’intebe muri Nzeri 1998 [[Jean Kambanda]] . <ref name="lat">[http://articles.latimes.com/1998/sep/05/news/mn-19750 Rwandan Ex-Premier Gets Life Term], Ann M. Simmons, 5 September 1998, LA Times, Retrieved 29 March 2016</ref> == umwuga == Mu 1999 yabaye Ambasaderi w'u [[Rwanda]] muri [[Kenya]] yayoboye kugeza mu 2002. <ref name="isec"/> Mukanyange yahagarariye igihugu cye bihoraho muri UNEP na UNCHS. <ref>[http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20040702061637/http://www.unep.org/ROA/docs/ROA%20news/roa%20news%202edition.pdf A message from the exec director], UNEP, Retrieved 29 March 2016</ref> Muri 2014 yatangaje ko hari iterambere ryiza igihugu cye kimaze gutera mu bijyanye no guteza imbere uburinganire. Ibi byari mu nshingano ze nk'umuvugizi w'ubujyanama kuri politike afite icyicaro i [[Kigali]]. yavuze ko Guverinoma y'u [[Rwanda]] igizwe na 64% by'[[Umugore|abagore]], nubwo iyi mibare ihinduka cyane muri guverinoma. 50% by'ubucamanza ni abagore nubwo ari 30% gusa mu nkiko za Gacaca . 98% by'abagore bo mu [[Rwanda]] bitaweho mbere yo kubyara kandi abakobwa biyandikisha mu mashuri barenze abahungu kandi bombi bari hejuru - kugeza hejuru ya 95%. <ref name="bei">[https://web.archive.org/web/20160414032305/http://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/article/2014-06-06/75874/ Beijing declaration: How did Rwanda perform?], Ivan Ngoboka, NewTimes, Retrieved 29 March 2016</ref><ref>http://africarealities.blogspot.com/2014/09/rwandalibre-rwanda-bamwe-mu-banyarwanda.html</ref> == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Umunyarwandakazi]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore ba abayobozi]] {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Politiki y'urwanda]] 0bhlwrwrx956r06wzlg7z3r7ip6gevz 0 10413 148938 133643 2026-11-05T02:06:01Z ~2026-58715-30 19308 /* */ 148938 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Clementine_Mukeka_2026.png|thumb|Clementine Mukeka 2026]] {{Databox|excludeProperties=Q109615502|useImage=[[File:Home Secretary James Cleverly visits Rwanda on 5 December 2023 - 8 (cropped Clementine Mukeka).jpg|Home_Secretary_James_Cleverly_visits_Rwanda_on_5_December_2023_-_8_(cropped_Clementine_Mukeka)]]}} '''Mukeka Clementinne''' ni [[umugore]] akaba umunyarwandakazi, ni umunyamabanga uhoraho muri Minisiteri y'ububanyi n'amahanga MINAFFET mu [[Rwanda]]<ref name=":0" /> washyizweho na Perezida wa Repubulika y'u Rwanda [[Paul Kagame]] nk'umunyamabanga muri Minisiteri y’ububanyi n’amahanga n’ubutwererane mpuzamahanga ku ya 15 Gicurasi 2020.<ref name=":0">https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/rwanda-moves-bolster-diplomatic-service-new-appointments</ref> == Uburezi == Clementine Mukeka yabyawe n'ababyeyi b'Abanyarwanda. Yize Amashuri abanza nayisumbuye i Burayi. Igitabo kimwe cyizewe kivuga ko Mukeka Afite impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu bijyanye n’ubucuruzi yakuye mu ishuri ry’ubucuruzi rya IDRAC (mu [[Ubufaransa|Bufaransa]]), naho impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu bucuruzi bw’ubucuruzi (Major: Economics), yakuye muri kaminuza ya Londere y’Amajyepfo ([[Ubwongereza]]). Mukeka yize kandi muri kaminuza ya New York ([[Amerika]]) mu masomo mpuzamahanga y’ubucuruzi.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.indatwa.org/2023/04/02/3041/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-08-02 |archive-date=2023-08-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802101424/https://www.indatwa.org/2023/04/02/3041/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/abanyarwanda-b-inzobere-batuye-i-burayi-batangiye-gutanga-umusanzu-mu-buvuzi-n</ref> == Umwuga == Mbere yuko ashyirwaho Mukeka yari yarabaye umujyanama mukuru w’ubucuruzi mu kigo cy’Amerika Gishinzwe iterambere mpuzamahanga (USAID) u [[Rwanda]]. Yabaye kandi impuguke mu by'ubukungu n’ubucuruzi muri Ambasade y’Amerika mu [[Rwanda]] Mbere yo kwinjira mu butumwa bwa Minisiteri y’ububanyi n’amahanga ya [[Amerika]] / Amerika mu [[Rwanda]], yagiye akora imyanya itandukanye mu Bikorera mu [[Burayi]] no muri [[Amerika]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://minaffet.prod.risa.rw/updates/news-details/permanent-secretary-clementine-mukeka-participates-in-the-virtual-liaison-committee-meeting-and-open-ended-working-group |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-08 |archive-date=2025-02-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250219144624/https://minaffet.prod.risa.rw/updates/news-details/permanent-secretary-clementine-mukeka-participates-in-the-virtual-liaison-committee-meeting-and-open-ended-working-group |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Reba Ibirambuye. == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Umugore]] [[Ikiciro:Umuyobozi]] [[Ikiciro:Umunyarwandakazi]] a1dq3sec7ehddc73k344wcm6evkpm9v 0 10456 148969 136856 2026-11-05T06:27:05Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 148969 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Docteur Mukanyirigira Didacienne''', ni umwe mu [[Umugore|mubagore]] b'abanyarwanda b'indashyikirwa akaba ari umwe mu bahanga mu myuga w'[[IKORANABUHANGA (ubusobanuro)|ikoranabuhanga]] mu [[Rwanda]]. == Ubuzima bwite == '''Docteur Didacienne Mukanyirigira''' ni umwarimu muri [[Kaminuza y'u Rwanda|kaminuza]] [[Kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda|nkuru]] <ref>[[Kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda]]</ref> yu [[Rwanda]] mu ishami ry[[IKORANABUHANGA (ubusobanuro)|ikoranabuhaga]],<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://igihe.com/ikoranabuhanga/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-10 |archive-date=2022-06-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220620010711/https://www.igihe.com/ikoranabuhanga/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ikoranabuhanga/</ref> akaba n'umuyobozi w'icyiciro cy'[[Kabiri|akabiri]] [[Ikigo gishinzwe iterambere mu Rwanda|mukigo]] [[Afurika|nyafurika]] gishizwe interinete ikora hagati y' ibintu, uyu [[umugore]] akaba n'[[Umubyeyi Sharifa|umubyeyi]] w[[abana]] 3, yagiye akora amasomo itandukanye muri urwo rwego ubu akaba afite impamyabushobozi y'icyirenga [<nowiki/>[[:en:Doctor_of_Philosophy|PHD]]]<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doctor_of_Philosophy</ref> mu [[IKORANABUHANGA (ubusobanuro)|ikoranabuhanga]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://igihe.com/ikoranabuhanga/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-10 |archive-date=2022-06-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220620010711/https://www.igihe.com/ikoranabuhanga/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ikoranabuhanga/</ref> n'itumanaho ariko mbere yibyo byose akaba atigeze arota kuzagera kuri urwo rwego .<ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/51742739</ref> == Amasomo yize == '''Docteur Mukanyirigira Didacienne''' kuri ubu ni umuyobozi w’amasomo mu [[Ishuri]] rya [https://web.archive.org/web/20220522115335/https://www.techtarget.com/searchcio/definition/ICT-information-and-communications-technology-or-technologies ICT] akaba n’umuyobozi w'icyiciro cy'a[[kabiri]] [[Ikigo gishinzwe iterambere mu Rwanda|m'ikigo]] ny[[afurika]] gishizwe interinete ikora ku bintu ([https://aceiot.ur.ac.rw/ ACEIoT])<ref>https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37088880573</ref> muri [[Kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda|kaminuza]] [[Kaminuza y'u Rwanda|nkuru]] yu [[Rwanda]].Yabonye impamyabumenyi ya BSc<ref>https://www.bcs.org/</ref> muri [[:en:Category:Electromechanical_engineering|Electromechanical Engineering]]<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Electromechanical_engineering</ref> yakuye mu [[Ishuri]] Rikuru ry'ubumenyi n'[[IKORANABUHANGA (ubusobanuro)|Ikoranabuhanga]] rya [[Kigali]] ([https://web.archive.org/web/20220522070528/https://council.science/member/rwanda-kigali-institute-of-science-and-technology-kist-rwanda/ KIST])<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://council.science/member/rwanda-kigali-institute-of-science-and-technology-kist-rwanda/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-10 |archive-date=2022-05-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220522070528/https://council.science/member/rwanda-kigali-institute-of-science-and-technology-kist-rwanda/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>, ubu ni [[Kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda|kaminuza]] [[Kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda|nkuru]] [[Kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda|ya]] [[Kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda|Rwanda]], [[Ishuri]] Rikuru ry'ubumenyi n'[[IKORANABUHANGA (ubusobanuro)|ikoranabuhanga]] ([https://cst.ur.ac.rw/ UR-CST]<ref>https://cst.ur.ac.rw/</ref>).Afite impamyabumenyi y'icyiciro cya [[kabiri]] cya siyansi mu bijyanye n'amakuru n'itumanaho yakuye muri [[Kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda|kaminuza]] ya Huazhong y’ubumenyi n’[[IKORANABUHANGA (ubusobanuro)|ikoranabuhanga]] ([http://english.hust.edu.cn/ HUST]<ref>http://english.hust.edu.cn/</ref>), mu [[Ubushinwa|Bushinwa]], na PhD<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doctor_of_Philosophy</ref> mu bijyanye n’amashanyarazi, [[Ubushakashatsi mu buhinzi n’ubworozi|ubushakashatsi]] bw’itumanaho yakuye muri [[Kaminuza y'u Rwanda|kaminuza]] ya [https://www.uct.ac.za/ Cape Town], [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika y'Epfo]]. '''Docteru Mukanyirigira Didacienne''' Inyungu zubushakashatsi bwe ni ugukoresha interineti y'ibintu kugirango ibone ibisubizo by'[[igihugu]] mubibazo bitandukanye, harimo ubwikorezi, [[ubuhinzi]], [[ubuzima]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://digitalaroundtheworld.org/speakers/didacienne-mukanyiligira/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-10 |archive-date=2022-05-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220516152834/https://digitalaroundtheworld.org/speakers/didacienne-mukanyiligira/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Imirimo akora == '''Docteur Mukanyirigira Didacienne''' Kugeza ubu ni Umusesenguzi Mukuru muri [[Komisiyo y’Igihugu yo Kurwanya SIDA|Komisiyo]] y’[[igihugu]] ishinzwe ubumenyi n’[[IKORANABUHANGA (ubusobanuro)|ikoranabuhanga]] ([https://www.ncst.gov.rw/ NCST]<ref>https://www.ncst.gov.rw/</ref>), u [[Rwanda]] akaba na Perezida w’Inama y'ubutegetsi muri [[Rwanda]] Energy Group Limited.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.reg.rw/about-us/board-of-directors/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220519025750/https://www.reg.rw/about-us/board-of-directors/ |archive-date=2022-05-19 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>https://aceiot.ur.ac.rw/?Dr-MUKANYIRIGIRA-Didacienne</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} mlie9lkfzks1oziyj4nvyfck1o6bxja 0 11902 148990 145458 2026-11-05T10:38:07Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 148990 wikitext text/x-wiki UBUHINZI BW'URUTOKI[[Dosiye:Banana_farming,_Waugh_Pocket,_2018.jpg|thumb|Ubuhinzi bw’urutoki]] [[Dosiye:Urutoki.jpg|left|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Green bananas.jpg|thumb|Igitoki keze]] [[Dosiye:Backyard Banana planting among the Luhya tribe of Kenya.jpg|thumb|Urutoki]] [[Dosiye:A banana sprout.jpg|thumb|A banana sprout]] [[Dosiye:Peeled Green bananas.jpg|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Banana.plant.kewgardens.arp.jpg|thumb|Banana.plant]] [[Dosiye:Boiled bananas garnished with spring onions served for breakfast.jpg|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Sunny afternoon in Bbamba Wakiso district,Uganda.jpg|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Green plants in Africa (Banana & more).jpg|thumb|Urutoki]] [[Dosiye:Nimbus clouds over banana plants and green scenery in Western Uganda 02.jpg|thumb|Urutoki]] [[Dosiye:Banana tree with green bananas.jpg|thumb|Banana tree with green bananas]] [[Dosiye:Green bananas on tree.jpg|thumb|Green bananas tree]] Ubuhinzi bw’urutoki bumwinjiriza asaga igice kirenga cya miliyoni mu kwezi. Dufite ibitoki biribwa, ibyengwamo imitobe n'inzoga, ibyikuzwa n'imishabi. Amoko y'insina zihingwa arimo aya gakondo atanga umusaruro muke, n'amoko ya kijyambere atanga umusaruro mwiza kandi akihanganira indwara n'ibyonnyi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://www.jobcenter.rw/amakuru/babikora-bate/article/huye-ubuhinzi-bw-urutoki-bumwinjiriza-asaga-igice-cya-miliyoni-mu-kwezi |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190527142915/http://jobcenter.rw/amakuru/babikora-bate/article/huye-ubuhinzi-bw-urutoki-bumwinjiriza-asaga-igice-cya-miliyoni-mu-kwezi |archive-date=2019-05-27 |access-date=2022-05-20}}</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubuhinzi/ubuhinzi/Yatejwe-imbere-n-ubuhinzi-bw-urutoki</ref><ref>http://197.243.22.137/nozubu/fileadmin/user_upload/TUBURA/urutoki_-_production.pdf</ref> 1. '''Amoko y'insina za kijyambere''' '''2.  Amoko ya gakondo''' === Gutegura umurima w'ibitoki === * Gushyiraho uburyo bwo kurwanya isuri * Kurima bwa mbere bakuramo ibyatsi bibi; * Guhinga bwa kabiri baringaniza ubutaka ngo bwakire imibyare. * '''Gutegura umwobo wo guteramo''': Umwobo wo guteramo wagombye kugira nibura m 0.6 z'ubujyakuzimu na  m 0.9 z'umurambararo. Ubutaka bwiza bwo hejuru busubizwa mu mwobo bukavangwa n'ifumbire y'imborera.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://www.urwego.com/2015/01/ubuhinzi-bwurutoki.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226172325/https://www.urwego.com/2015/01/ubuhinzi-bwurutoki.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Dosiye:Gutera ibiti.jpg|thumb|ubuhinzi bw'urutoki]] === Guhitamo imibyare : === === Gutegura umwobo wo guteramo nk'uko byavuzwe haruguru === * '''Guhitamo imibyare''': imibyare myiza ni ifite uburebure kuva kuri m 1.8 kugeza kuri m 2.1 kandi inanutse, amababi asongoye nk'inkota, n'ubwo imibyare mito cyane ari yo yakabaye myiza niba nyina ifite ubuzima bwiza. * Igihe umubyare ugifashe kuri nyina, bawukuraho bakase n'imbaraga  bajyana hasi bakoresheje igitiyo gisukuye. Barandurana n'igice gihagije cy'ubutaka bwo munsi n'imizi ifashe ku mubyare. * Inguri idafite imibyare igaragara bashobora kuyikatamo uduce. Buri gace gafite umumero karashyira kakavamo umubyare ariko ibi bitwara igihe kinini, icyiza ni ugukoresha umubyare. * Gukata ibice by'umubyare byapfuye, ibyariwe n'udukoko, ibyaboze n'ibyahinduye ibara Niba umubyare warononekaye hafi ya wose, ushyirwa kure y'indi hanyuma bagashaka ibindi bikoresho by'ubuhinzi.<ref name=":0" /> [[Dosiye:Wetlands in Rwanda.jpg|thumb|Gusukura Insina]] === Gusukura insina yo gutera no kuyitera: === * Gushyushya amazi akagera kuri dogere 50oC * Nyuma y'ibyo, kuzimya umuriro no gushyira inguri muri ya mazi mu gihe cy'iminota  20 Kuzuza ubutaka bwiza mu mwobo. Gusiga umwanya wa sentimetero nkeya hejuru kugira ngo amazi yinjiremo. * Ubusharire bwiza mu butaka bwakira insina ni uburi hagati ya  5.5 na 7.  Ubusharire bugeze kuri 7.5 cyangwa hejuru yaho bishobora kwangiza insina. * Gushyira umubyare mu butaka bushya uhagaze.  Wagombye guterwa rwagati mu mwobo mu burebure bwa sentimetero 20. * [[Dosiye:Banana Tree from Kerala 5002.JPG|thumb|Insina]]Ubundi, bakata insina hagasigara uburebure bwa sentimetero 20.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubuhinzi/ubuhinzi/Yatejwe-imbere-n-ubuhinzi-bw-urutoki</ref> === Kwita ku gihingwa cy'ibitoki === === Kubagara: === Gukuramo ibimera cyangwa ibindi byatsi bibi byimejeje mu murima, kureba neza niba ifumbire  yakoreshejwe ku gihingwa yaragize umumaro, kurwanya ibisambo n'indwara. * Gusasira (kongeraho ubutaka) nabyo birinda umurima kurumba n`uburwayi.<ref>https://umuryango.rw/amakuru/mu-rwanda/ubukungu/article/gisagara-rwagasana-yinjiza-ibihumbi-300-buri-kwezi-abikesha-urutoki</ref> [[Dosiye:Climate in Rwanda.jpg|thumb|Imirima]] === Kwicira: === Gukuraho amakoma yapfuye n'insina zapfuye,  kubicamo uduce bigakikizwa ku bihingwa bizima. Ibindi bisigazwa byo mu murima n'ivu ry`ibiti nabyo bishobora kongerwaho bikongerera ubutaka uburumbuke. * Mu gihe insina imaze gukura ikaba ifite imibyare myinshi, yikureho yose usigaze   umwe kugira ngo umusaruro utubuke n'ubuzima bw'insina bube bwiza. * Gukata byose hagasigara umubyare uringaniye  n'ubutaka no  gutwikira ubutaka ku mubyare. Gusubiramo icyo gikorwa ukata cyane mu bujyakuzimu mu gihe byongeye kumera. * Umubyare urokotse ni wo usimbura nyina iyo umaze gutanga umusaruro w'igitoki. * Hari ubwo habaho irengayobora insina zifite ubuzima bwiza zikagira abana babiri'''.'''<ref>https://muhaziyacu.rw/amakuru/uko-mukanka-yaretse-ubwarimu-agahinga-urutoki-asaruramo-toni-enye-mu-kwezi/</ref> === Gufumbira urutoki === Gukoresha inyongeramusaruro, ikimoteri, imborera cyangwa imvange yibi byose. Kongeramo inyongeramusaruro ako kanya nyuma yo gutera ku muzenguruko umwe w` igihingwa cy'insina icyo gikorwa kigasubirwamo buri kwezi. * Ubusanzwe  ifumbire mvaruganda igaragazwa n'ikimenyetso cy'inyuguti 3 (N-P-K) cyerekana ingano y'imyunyungugu ya Azote, Potasiyumu na Fosifore irimo. Insina zisaba urugero ruri hejuru rwa Potasiyumu ariko indi myunyu na yo ifite akamaro. Ushobora gukoresha ifumbire ifite imyunyu igereranyije (uko ari itatu ku rugero rwenda kungana) cyangwa ugakoresha ifumbire iziba icyuho kiri mu butaka bwawe. * Nta gukoresha ifumbire yakozwe mu byumweru bike bishize kuko ubushyuhe buturuka ku kubora bushobora kwangiza insina. * Mu gihe udafire imborera wakoresha amakoma y'insina cyangwa ibindi byatsi bishobora kubora vuba.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://kiny.taarifa.rw/kirehe-bamenye-uburyo-bwiza-bwo-guhinga-urutoki/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226172325/https://kiny.taarifa.rw/kirehe-bamenye-uburyo-bwiza-bwo-guhinga-urutoki/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Dosiye:Kuhira.jpg|thumb|KUHIRA]] ==== Kuhira: ==== * Kuhira kenshi ariko ukirinda gukabya * Kubura amazi ni impamvu rusange ituma insina zipfa ariko gukabya kuvomerera bishobora gutera kubora kw'imizi. * Iyo insina zitewe mu gihe nta mvura igwa, ushobora kovomerera buri munsi ariko mu gihe igice cy`ubutaka cyo hejuru kingana na cm 1.5 – 3 cyumagaye. * Gabanya urugero rw'amazi wakoreshaga uko uvomereye mu gihe igihingwa kimaze igihe kinini mu mazi (ibyo bishobora gutuma imizi ibora). * Mu gihe kiza, mu gihe insina ari bwo zikimera, ushobora gukenera kuvomerera rimwe mu cyumweru cyangwa mu byumweru bibiri. Ibuka gucunga ko ubutaka butota. [[Dosiye:Bananavarieties.jpg|thumb|Bamako y'ibitoki]] Amakoma afasha kurwanya gutota bikabije ni yo mpamvu ugomba kwitonda ntutose igihingwa kikiri gito kitarazana amakoma.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |url=https://www.igihe.com/ubukungu/iterambere/ibanga-ryo-gufata-neza-urutoki-no-kweza-binini |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226172328/https://www.igihe.com/ubukungu/iterambere/ibanga-ryo-gufata-neza-urutoki-no-kweza-binini |archive-date=2023-02-26 |url-status=dead}}</ref> ==== Gusasira: ==== Gusasira ni ugukoresha ibikoresho byumutse mu gutwikira ubutaka. Bifasha kugumisha  ububobere mu butaka, bikagabanya isuri y'ubutaka, bigakuraho kumera kw'ibyatsi bibi bikanazanira ubutaka ifumbire igihe bimaze kubora.<ref name=":1" /> === Ibyiza byo gusasira ni ibihe? === * Gusasira bituma ubutaka bwo munsi bumara igihe kinini buhehereye kuruta iyo ubutaka budatwikiriye. * Bifasha guhangana n'isuri bigabanya ubukana bw'ibitonyanga by'imvura bikanatuma amazi atemba agenda gahoro. * Bikuraho kumera kw'ibyatsi bibi bibyumisha * [[Dosiye:Banana single rows.jpg|thumb|Ubuhinzi bw'urutoki]]Bituma igihingwa gikura neza<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |url=https://rwandanews24.rw/2022/07/15/rutsiro-bitwikiriye-ijoro-batema-urutoki-rwumuturage/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226173829/https://rwandanews24.rw/2022/07/15/rutsiro-bitwikiriye-ijoro-batema-urutoki-rwumuturage/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Ibibi byo gusasira? === === Bisaba umukozi uhoraho ukora ako kazi === ** Bishobora kuzanira ubutaka ibyomyi n'indwara ** Ibikoresho byo gusasira bishobora kubura bityo bigatuma ubutaka bwuma. === '''Uko bikorwa''': === * Kujyana mu murima ibikoresho ushaka gukoresha nk'isaso * Kubisanza ku butaka ukoresheje intoki cyangwa igikoresho cyo mu buhinzi gifite amenyo menshi magufi bita rato (rateau). Gushyiraho isaso ireshya na cm 7-15 uvuye ku butaka cyangwa izengurutse insina. * Nta gushyiraho isaso nyinshi irenga ku nsina cyangwa ituma zitagaragara neza. * Gukoresha ibishishwa byumye bitabora vuba * [[Dosiye:A ripe plantain.jpg|thumb|imizuzu]]Kudakoresha isaso y'ibishishwa bitose cyangwa bikiri icyatsi kibisi.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.intyoza.com/gicumbi-ubwoba-ni-bwose-ku-muturage-watemaguriwe-urutoki/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2021-10-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211020224358/https://www.intyoza.com/gicumbi-ubwoba-ni-bwose-ku-muturage-watemaguriwe-urutoki/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://umwezi.rw/?p=5305</ref> === Gukuraho umwanana: === === Bikorwa ryari === === Igihe amabere y'igitoki yamaze kuza hanze yose, bakuraho umwanana. === ==== Kubera iki ==== * Gukuraho umwanana birinda insina indwara ya kirabiranya y'urutoki (BXW) * Igitoki gikura neza iyo umwanana wakuweho.<ref>http://radiotv10.rw/bugesera-umuhinzi-yeza-urutoki-ariko-umusaruro-we-akanga-kuwugurisha-ukaborera-mu-murima/</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20230226172326/https://ibicu.com/rutsiro-abagizi-ba-nabi-bitwikiriye-ijoro-batema-urutoki-rwumuturage/</ref> == Reba == [[Ikiciro:Urutoki]] [[Ikiciro:Ubuhinzi]] {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiti]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiribwa]] 4u31iypjh5bes1d3ysi3056gtchhqhr 0 12927 148960 144542 2026-11-05T05:12:08Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 148960 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ruhumuriza James''' uzwi nka '''King James''' (yavutse kuwa 1 Mata 1990), Ni Umuhanzi [[Rwanda|Nyarwanda]] wandika akanaririmba indirimbo mu njyana ya R&B ndetse na AfroBeats.<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/104480/king-james-umuririmbyi-rurangiranwa-mu-rwanda-yabonye-izuba-ku-munsi-nkuyu-104480.html</ref> King James azwi cyane mu kuririmba indirimbo z'urukundo n'izisanamitima, aho n'izindi njyana nka zouk na Pop atabura kuzihangamo.<ref>https://umuryango.rw/ad-restricted/article/aya-ni-amwe-mu-mabanga-yihariye-utaruzi-agera-kuri-15-y-umuhanzi-nyarwanda-king</ref> King James ni mwene Consolatie Kazizi na Issac Murihano. [[Dosiye:Ifoto y'umuhanzi King james from Igihe.jpg|thumb|264x264px| {| |+ ! colspan="2" |King James |- |'''Birth Names''' |Ruhumuriza James (1990) |- |'''Born''' |1990, [[Kigali]] - [[Rwanda]] |- |'''Occupation''' |Singer, Songwriter, Businessman |- |'''Active Year''' |2006 - Present |- |'''Genre''' |R&B, Afrobeats, Zouk, Gakondo |- |'''Labels''' |Kina Music, Beyond Record Music |- |'''Website''' |zanatalent.com |} ]] == Amateka == King James yavutse 1990, avukira mu bitaro bya [[CHUK]], mu mujyi wa [[Kigali]]. Akaba ari umwana wa 6 mu bana 7 bavukana, akaba asengera mu itorero ry'[[Abadiventisti b'Umunsi wa Karindwi|Abadiventiste]]. Yasoje amashuri yisumbuye muri Ecole APE Rugunga, kuva 2013 yize muri [[Mount Kenya University]] mu bijyanye n'itangazamakuru n'itumanaho (Journalism and Mass Communication). King James akiri umwana yari afite inzozi zo kuzaba [[Umupira w’amaguru|Umukinnyi w'umupira w'amaguru]] wabigize umwuga, Gusa nyuma aza kumva indirimbo z'umuhanzi w'umunyamerika ukora injyana ya R&B [[:ca:Brandy_Norwood|Brandy Norwood]] zimutera ishyaka ryo gutangira guhanga no guhimba indirimbo ze bwite.<ref>https://umuryango.rw/ad-restricted/article/aya-ni-amwe-mu-mabanga-yihariye-utaruzi-agera-kuri-15-y-umuhanzi-nyarwanda-king</ref> == Umwuga == King James yatangiye umwuga wo kuririmba muri 2006 ahera ku ndirimbo itarahise yakirwa neza, gusa ntiyacika intege akomeza kwisunga abahanzi bari bamaze kumenyekana abigiraho, nibwo mu mwaka 2009 mo hagati yasohoye indirimbo yose "''Intink''i" imuzamura kurundi rwego,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://yegob.rw/ngaya-amakuru-yinzira-yubukire-bwa-king-james-ushobora-kuba-utaramenye/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2025-11-20 |archive-date=2026-02-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260207041205/https://yegob.rw/ngaya-amakuru-yinzira-yubukire-bwa-king-james-ushobora-kuba-utaramenye/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> mu mpera za 2010 King James yigaragaje nk'umuhanzi w'icyamamare uyoboye abandi mu njyana ya R&B aho yari asigaye ahanganye n'abahanzi bakomeye bariho nka [[Tom close|Tom Close]], [[Meddy]] cyangwa [[The Ben]].<ref>https://rwanda-music.fandom.com/wiki/King_James</ref> === Kwamamara no Kumenyeka === King James asa nk'uwagize amahirwe, ubwo abahanzi Meddy na The Ben bari bagezweho mu mwaka wa 2010 bimukiraga muri [[Amerika]].<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/rw/amakuru/ibintu-5-meddy-na-the-ben-bungukiye-mu-kujya-muri-amerika-n-70201</ref> Yahise asa nk'usigaye wenyine ku isoko ry'abaririmbaga indirimbo z'urukundo bimuhesha kwamamara cyane, asinya amasezerano n'inzu itunganya umuziki ya [[Kina Music]] <ref>https://inyarwanda.com/rw/amakuru/aristide-yavuze-ku-bihe-bye-na-king-james-kina-music-urukundo-na-gahongayire-nibindi-video-92469</ref> ahita asohora umuzingo we wa mbere (album) ayita "''Umugisha''" kuwa 24 ukuboza 2010.<ref>https://www.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/muzika/abahanzi/king-james/amakuru/king-james-indirimbo-imwe-ishima-imana-kuri-buri-album-ye</ref> mu mwaka wakurikiyeho mu kuboza 2011 asohora iya 2 ayita "''Umuvandimwe''" yariho indirimbo zakunzwe cyane nka ''Narashize, Birandenga, Ese warikiniraga'' n'izindi.. ayikorera igitaramo cyo kuyimurika i [[Butare]] muri [[kaminuza y'u Rwanda]] kuwa 13 Mutarama 2012. Ku mugoroba kuwa 25/12/2014, King James ku nshuro ye ya kabiri, yongera kumurikira album ye ya 3 yise "Ntibisanzwe" mu mujyi wa Musanze, anaha Noheri abatuye muri uwo mujyi.<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/rw/amakuru/king-james-yamurikiye-abanyamusanze-album-ye-nshya--61505</ref> Mu Myaka yakurikiyemo, King James warumaze kuba izina ritoroshye mu ruganda rw'umuziki mu Rwanda ndetse n'i mahanga yakomeje gusohora indirimbo zikunzwe aha twavuga "Yantumye", "Ndagukunda" "Naramukundaga" zabaye indirimbo ziremereye mu gihugu cy'u [[rwanda]]. Muri Kanama 2016 yasohoye indirimbo "The Girl Is Mine" arikumwe n'umuhanzi w'icyamamare ukomoka muri Vincentian soca witwa Kevin Lyttle. King James amaze gushyira hanze imizingo (Album) nyinshi zirimo, Umugisha, Umuvandimwe, Ntibisanzwe, Meze neza, Ubushobozi yasohotse kuwa 10 Ukwakira 2021<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/rw/amakuru/hatangajwe-itariki-album-ya-7-ya-king-james-izagira-hanze-109013</ref> ndetse n'izindi, akaba atangaza ko arimo gutegura iya 8 yise "Gukura"<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/rw/amakuru/yabaye-umuhanzi-wa-gatandatu-ubigezeho-king-james-yateguje-album-ya-8-137140</ref> === Inyungu z'umuziki no Gufasha === King James ni umwe mu bahanzi bahiriwe cyane n'urugendo rwe rw'ubuhanzi kuko uretse gukundwa kw'ibihangano bye, kuva 2013 King James yabaye wa [[Umuhanzi Kamariza|muhanzi]] utumirwa no mu bitaramo bikomeye nko gutaramira muri [[Rwanda day]] iya [[Ubwongereza|London]],  Amsterdam, Atlanta, San Francisco, Ghent and Bonn n'iyo mu [[Ububiligi|bubiligi]] yabaye mu mwaka wa 2017<ref>https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/urutonde-rw-abahanzi-bazasusurutsa-rwanda-day-mu-buholandi</ref> usibye n'aho akunze kwifashishwa no mu bikorwa bya politiki, agataramira n'imbere y'abayobozi bakomeye, imbere mu gihugu. King James yagize ijwi rifatika mu mitima y'urubyiruko yaba abahanzi bato bakizamuka, ndetse n'abandi bataba mu ruganda rw'imyidagaduro nka bandebereho (influencer) ndetse n'intangarugero (role model) ko bishoboka ko inzozi zawe wihanganye ugashyiramo imbaraga zawe zose uzigeraho, nk'uko King James akunda kubitangaza yagize ati: "''urubyiruko ntirukwiye kugira akazi na kamwe basuzugura kuko ikintu cyose umuntu akoze ashyizeho umutima kimubyarira umusaruro''"<ref>https://www.teradignews.rw/rw/ibyo-utamenye-ku-nzira-jya-bukire-yumuhanzi-king-james/</ref> ibi yabikomoje ubwo yari mu kiganiro n'ikinyamakuru Isimbi TV avuga ko uretse ubuhanzi yanagerageje byinshi bimwe birakunda ibindi bikanga, kuko King James yahinze umuceli, yacuruje imodoka, ndetse kur'ubu afite iduka yise Mango Super Market, yagize uruganda rukora ifu y'ibigori yise "ihaho" yafunguye mu mwaka wa 2020, ndetse King James afite inzu y'amagorofa 2 yujuje ku [[Kamonyi District|Kamonyi]] ati: ibi byose mbikesha umuziki.<ref>https://www.teradignews.rw/rw/ibyo-utamenye-ku-nzira-jya-bukire-yumuhanzi-king-james/</ref><ref>https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/umuhanzi-w-umukire-king-james-yahishuye-byinshi-byibazwa-ku-buzima-bwe-video</ref> Kuwa 12 ukuboza 2021 King James yamuritse urubuga yise Zana Talent ruzajya rwifashishwa n’abakora filme, indirimbo, imideli n’ibindi bijyanye n’imyidagaduro.<ref>https://www.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/king-james-yamuritse-urubuga-rugiye-gufasha-abahanzi-nyarwanda</ref> Mu gutekereza gushinga uru rubuga yibutse imvune abahanzi bakiri bato batari bamenyekana bagira mu kwamamaza ibihangano byabo kugirango bigere kure kandi bibonwe na benshi, niko gushaka igisubizo nk'umuhanzi mukuru umaze kugira byinshi ageraho. Mu kiganiro yagiranye n'itangazamakuru kuwa 1 Ukuboza 2021 yatangaje ko Zana Talent ije nk'igisubizo ku buhanzi, ku bahanzi kandi n'abamaze kugira izina ibihangano byabo byemewe ko babishyiraho, ndetse by'umwihariko ko album ye "Ubushobozi" yabaye intangiro y'izindi azajya acishaho.<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/rw/amakuru/king-james-yamuritse-urubuga-azacururizaho-album-ye-iriho-indirimbo-yakoranye-na-ariel-way-112106</ref> == Ibihembo == King James yahawe ibihembo byinshi mu rugendo rwe rw'umuziki, cyane cyane mu bihembo bya [[Salax Awards]] na [[:ca:Guma_Guma_Super_Star|Primus Guma Guma Super Star (PGGSS)]]. Mu mwaka wa 2012, King James yatsindiye umwanya wa mbere mu irushanwa rikomeye rya Primus Guma Guma Super Star (PGGSS) ryari ribaye ku nshuro yaryo ya 2, ryategurwaga na [[Bralirwa Brewery|Bralirwa]], akaba ari kimwe mu bihembo binini byaranze umuziki we.<ref>[https://rwanda-music.fandom.com/wiki/King_James#:~:text=in%20the%20region.-,Awards,United%20Kingdom%2C%20France%20and%20Belgium. https://rwanda-music.fandom.com/wiki/King_James#:~:text=in%20the%20region.-,Awards,United%20Kingdom%2C%20France%20and%20Belgium.]</ref> Mu bihembo bikomeye byo mu Rwanda bihemba Abahanzi b'indashyikirwa mu muziki "salax Awards" nabyo yabihatanyemo ku bwinshi uretse ibyo muri 2016 nibyo yasezeyemo kubera impamvu z'akandi kazi yari afite abonako bitamukundira kubifatanya.<ref>[https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/muzika/abahanzi/king-james/amakuru/article/king-james-yasezeye-muri-salax-awards#:~:text=Uyu%20muhanzi%20ukunzwe%20muri%20iyi,rw'abahataniye%20ibyatanzwe%20icyo%20gihe. https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/muzika/abahanzi/king-james/amakuru/article/king-james-yasezeye-muri-salax-awards#:~:text=Uyu%20muhanzi%20ukunzwe%20muri%20iyi,rw'abahataniye%20ibyatanzwe%20icyo%20gihe.]</ref> Gusa mu bihembo yatsindiye mu myaka yayibanjirije harimo: * '''Umuhanzi w'umwaka (Artist of the Year)''': Yatsindiye iki gihembo mu marushanwa ya Salax Awards yo muri 2011 na 2012. * '''Umuhanzi w'umugabo witwaye neza (Best Male Artist)''': Yatsindiye iki gihembo muri 2011. * '''Umuhanzi mwiza mu njyana ya R&B (Best R&B Artist/Singer)''': Yahawe iki gihembo kenshi 2011, 2012. * '''Album y'umwaka (Best Album of the Year)''': Album ye "Umuvandimwe" yatsindiye iki gihembo mu mwaka wa 2012.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://mobile.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/muzika/abahanzi/king-james/biography-13953#:~:text=Kuwa%2031%20Mata%202012%2C%20King,na%20Artist%20of%20the%20Year. |title=Archive copy |access-date=2025-11-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171202121951/http://mobile.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/muzika/abahanzi/king-james/biography-13953#:~:text=Kuwa%2031%20Mata%202012%2C%20King,na%20Artist%20of%20the%20Year. |archive-date=2017-12-02 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == King James ni Umuhanzi udakunda kuvuga cyane ku buzima bwe bwite cyangwa ku mubano we wo gukundana n'undi muntu (relationship) kuko azwiho kugira ibanga rikomeye kuri ayo mabanga, akenshi akavuga ko ahugiye ku muziki we n'indi mishinga y'ubucuruzi afite. Mu biganiro bitandukanye, King James avuga ko ubuzima bwe bwite, cyane cyane ibijyanye n'umugore cyangwa umukunzi, ari ibanga rye bwite. Yemeza ko atari ngombwa ko abantu bose babimenya. Mu mwaka wa 2019, mu bitangazamakuru bitandukanye hakwirakwiriye ibihuha bivuga ko King James agiye gukora ubukwe, cyane ko yari amaze igihe atagaragara cyane.Gusa abihakana yivuye inyuma, avuga ko nta gahunda y'ubukwe afite vuba, ariko ko bishoboka mu gihe kizaza.<ref name=":0">[https://www.ktpress.rw/2019/08/king-james-refutes-wedding-rumors/#:~:text=King%20James%20Refutes%20Wedding%20Rumors,out%20concerts%20across%20the%20country. https://www.ktpress.rw/2019/08/king-james-refutes-wedding-rumors/#:~:text=King%20James%20Refutes%20Wedding%20Rumors,out%20concerts%20across%20the%20country.]</ref> King James yagiye ahanahanwa n'abakobwa batandukanye, barimo n'abahanzi bagenzi be nka [[Butera Knowless|Knowless]] na [[Princess Priscilla|Priscilla]], ndetse n'umukobwa w'umunyarwandakazi uba muri Amerika witwa Meek Rowland. Gusa, King James yagiye abihakana byose, akavuga ko ari incuti zisanzwe cyangwa abafatanyabikorwa mu muziki. <ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/muzika/abahanzi/king-james/amakuru/knowless-na-king-james-bakuye-abantu-mu-rujijo-ku-by-urukundo-rwabo</ref><ref>https://inyarwanda.com/rw/amakuru/king-james-yeruye-ko-ari-mu-rukundo-n-umukobwa-w-imyaka-20-urangije-ayisumbuye-64759</ref> King James ashimangira ko ubuzima bwe bw'umwuga n'ubucuruzi aribwo abantu bakwiye kwitaho, kuruta iby'urukundo rwe.<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Umunyarwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Rwandan artists]] [[Ikiciro:Umuziki nyarwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abahanzi ba abanyarwanda]] mcdxfwwxnugweddmhes7tkub1aomfnw 0 13726 148993 141865 2026-11-05T11:19:42Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 148993 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:GisenyiBeach.jpg|thumb|Gisenyi Beach|153x153px]] [[Dosiye:Death Valley Mesquite Flats Sand Dunes 2013.jpg|thumb|Umucanga wo ku musozi|150x150px]] [[Dosiye:Tas de sable à Alabadè au Togo 02.jpg|thumb|umucanga|160x160px]] [[Dosiye:Mesquite Sand Dunes in Death Valley.jpg|thumb|umucanga|172x172px]] [[Dosiye:Dune de sable au parc Culturel De l'Ahaggar crop.jpg|thumb|umucanga|168x168px]] == mucanga ni iki ? == [[Dosiye:Sand at Hathab Bunglow Beach.jpg|thumb|Umucanga w'umukorano|166x166px]] [[Dosiye:Lake Kivu shore at Gisenyi.jpg|thumb|Lake Kivu shore at Gisenyi|212x212px]] Umucanga ni utubuyenge duto, tuba tuva kukintu kigizwe n'ibibumbano by'amabuye, cyangwa se ku bice byibintu byasenyutse, bigizwe n'ibice bito cyane kurusha amabuye, ukoreshwa mu byuma, mu birahuri, mu bikoresho bisukura, no mu bikoresho by'ububumbyi. == Aho uturuka n'igiciro == Habaho imicanga itandukanye hariho umucanga w'imusozi hamwe n'umucnga wo mu mazi. umucanga w’imusozi igura amafaranga ibihumbi 10 naho uwo mu mazi ukagura ibihumbi 12.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubukungu/iterambere/Kamonyi-Ubucukuzi-bw-umucanga-ni-kimwe-mu-bikorwa-byinjiriza-amafaranga-abatari</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/Ntibavuga-rumwe-ku-ihagarikwa-ry-ubucukuzi-bw-umucanga</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/gicumbi-uwacukuraga-umucanga-muri-ruhurura-yagwiriwe-n-ibitaka-ahita-apfa |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230216163732/https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/gicumbi-uwacukuraga-umucanga-muri-ruhurura-yagwiriwe-n-ibitaka-ahita-apfa |archive-date=2023-02-16 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://umuseke.rw/2022/05/gakenke-imidoka-itwaye-umucanga-yaciye-ikiraro-cya-kagoma/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-16 |archive-date=2023-02-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230216163733/https://umuseke.rw/2022/05/gakenke-imidoka-itwaye-umucanga-yaciye-ikiraro-cya-kagoma/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amoko yi micanga == Muri rusange habaho amoko y'imicanga itandukanye aha twavuga umucanga karemano ni umucanga uboneka mu migezi, mu nyanja cyangwa ku musozi itigeze inyura mu nganda, naho umucanga ukorwa n'abantu (sable artificiels) ni umucanga ukorwa nabantu, kuko uboneka aruko ukubise ibuye namaboko ukoresheje inyundo cyangwa se ukanyuza ibuye mu mashini ziriswa rikavamo ryabaye umucanga.<ref>https://construction-maison.ooreka.fr/astuce/voir/617185/les-differents-types-de-sable</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/gicumbi-uwacukuraga-umucanga-muri-ruhurura-yagwiriwe-n-ibitaka-ahita-apfa |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230216163732/https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/gicumbi-uwacukuraga-umucanga-muri-ruhurura-yagwiriwe-n-ibitaka-ahita-apfa |archive-date=2023-02-16 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref>https://www.rba.co.rw/post/Mu-karere-ka-Rutsiro-hari-ubwato-bwikorera-Toni-75-zumucanga-buwujyanye-muri-RDC</ref><ref>https://bwiza.com/?Rubavu-Bahangayikishijwe-n-imashini-zicukura-umucanga-zisatira-irimbi</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Amazi]] 0or60yqh1opj1s2im4cdut7335qfpze 0 13743 148964 146471 2026-11-05T05:20:26Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 148964 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kwangirika kw'ibidukikije''' ni kwangirika [[:en:Environment_(biophysical)|kw'ibidukikije]] binyuze [[:en:Depletion_of_resources|mu gutakaza umutungo]] nk'ubwiza bw'umwuka, [[amazi]] n'ubutaka; gusenya urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima; gusenya aho gutura; kuzimangana kw'inyamanswa; n'umwanda. Irasobanuwe nkimpinduka zose cyangwa guhungabanya ibidukikije bigaragara ko bisibwe cyangwa bitifuzwa. <ref>Johnson, D.L., S.H. Ambrose, T.J. Bassett, M.L. Bowen, D.E. Crummey, J.S. Isaacson, D.N. Johnson, P. Lamb, M. Saul, and A.E. Winter-Nelson. 1997. Meanings of environmental terms. Journal of Environmental Quality 26: 581–589.</ref> Ibibazo by’ibidukikije birashobora gusobanurwa nkingaruka mbi zibikorwa byose byabantu kubidukikije. Ibinyabuzima kimwe nibintu bifatika biranga ibidukikije birimo. Zimwe mu mbogamizi zibanze z’ibidukikije zitera impungenge zikomeye ni ihumana ry’ikirere, ihumana ry’amazi, ibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije, umwanda w’imyanda, n’ibindi. <ref>[https://www.toppr.com/guides/biology/environmental-issues/types-of-environmental-issues/ Types of Environmental Issues]</ref> Kwangirika kw'ibidukikije ni kimwe mu bintu icumi byugarijwe ku mugaragaro n'Inama Nkuru yo ku iterabwoba, imbogamizi n'impinduka z'umuryango w'abibumbye. Ingamba z’umuryango w’abibumbye zigamije kugabanya ibiza zisobanura ko kwangirika kw’ibidukikije ari "kugabanya ubushobozi bw’ibidukikije kugira ngo intego z’imibereho n’ibidukikije zikenewe,". <ref>{{Cite web |date=2004-03-31 |title=ISDR : Terminology |url=http://www.unisdr.org/eng/library/lib-terminology-eng%20home.htm |access-date=2010-06-09 |publisher=The International Strategy for Disaster Reduction |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130103034845/http://www.unisdr.org/eng/library/lib-terminology-eng%20home.htm |archive-date=2013-01-03 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Kwangiza ibidukikije biza muburyo bwinshi. Iyo ahantu nyaburanga hasenyutse cyangwa umutungo kamere ukabura, ibidukikije birangirika. Imbaraga zo guhangana niki kibazo zirimo kurengera ibidukikije no gucunga umutungo w’ibidukikije. Imicungire mibi iganisha ku kwangirika irashobora kandi guteza amakimbirane ashingiye ku bidukikije aho abaturage bateranira kurwanya ingufu zacungaga ibidukikije. == Gutakaza urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima == Abahanga bavuga ko ibikorwa byabantu byasunitse isi mubintu bya gatandatu byazimye. <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Sixth_Extinction:_An_Unnatural_History</ref> <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Scientists'_Warning_to_Humanity</ref> [[Gutakaza urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima]] byatewe cyane cyane n'ubwinshi bw'abantu, ubwiyongere bw'abaturage bw'abantu ndetse no gukoresha umutungo kamere ku bakire ku isi. <ref>http://static.squarespace.com/static/51b078a6e4b0e8d244dd9620/t/538797c3e4b07a163543ea0f/1401395139381/Pimm+et+al.+2014.pdf</ref> <ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5544311</ref> Raporo yo mu mwaka wa 2020 [[Ikigega Mpuzamahanga Gishinzwe Umutungo Kamere|n’ikigega cy’isi cyita ku nyamaswa]] yasanze ibikorwa by’abantu - cyane cyane gukabya gukabya, ubwiyongere bw’abaturage no guhinga cyane - byangije 68% by’inyamaswa z’inyamabere kuva mu 1970. <ref>https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2020/sep/10/humans-exploiting-and-destroying-nature-on-unprecedented-scale-report-aoe</ref> ''Raporo y’isuzumabumenyi ku isi ku bijyanye n’ibinyabuzima na serivisi z’ibinyabuzima'', yasohowe na IPBES y’umuryango w’abibumbye mu 2019, igaragaza ko amoko agera kuri miliyoni y’ibimera n’inyamaswa ahura n’impamvu ziterwa na antropogeneque, nko kwagura imikoreshereze y’ubutaka bw’abantu mu buhinzi bw’inganda no korora [[amatungo]], hamwe [[kuroba]]. <ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/06/climate/biodiversity-extinction-united-nations.html</ref> <ref>https://www.huffpost.com/entry/nature-destruction-climate-change-world-biodiversity_n_5c49e78ce4b06ba6d3bb2d44</ref> <ref>http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/may/06/human-society-under-urgent-threat-loss-earth-natural-life-un-report</ref> Kuva hashyirwaho ubuhinzi mu myaka isaga 11.000 ishize, abantu bahinduye hafi 70% byubutaka bwisi, aho biyomasi y’ibimera ku isi yagabanutseho kimwe cya kabiri, naho imiryango y’inyamaswa zo ku isi ibona igabanuka ry’ibinyabuzima birenga 20% ugereranyije. <ref>https://doi.org/10.3389%2Ffcosc.2020.615419</ref> <ref>https://doi.org/10.3389%2Fffgc.2021.626635</ref> Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe mu 2021 buvuga ko 3% gusa by’ubuso bw’isi ku isi bidukikije kandi bidahwitse, bivuze ko ahantu hatuwe n’abaturage bafite ubuzima bwiza bw’inyamanswa kavukire kandi nta na hamwe abantu bafite. Byinshi muribi bidukikije bidahwitse byari mubice bituwe nabasangwabutaka. <ref>https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/apr/15/just-3-of-worlds-ecosystems-remain-intact-study-suggests</ref> <ref>https://doi.org/10.3389%2Fffgc.2021.626635</ref> ngaruka zibi bihombo kubuzima bwabantu n'imibereho myiza byateje impungenge zikomeye. Ku bijyanye n’urwego rw’ubuhinzi urugero, ''Leta y’ibinyabuzima bitandukanye ku isi ku biribwa n’ubuhinzi'', byashyizwe ahagaragara n’umuryango w’ibiribwa n’ubuhinzi by’umuryango w’abibumbye mu mwaka wa 2019, <ref name=":0">http://www.fao.org/3/CA3129EN/ca3129en.pdf</ref> igira iti: “ibihugu bivuga ko amoko menshi agira uruhare runini mu bidukikije. serivisi, zirimo umwanda, abanzi karemano b’udukoko, ibinyabuzima by’ubutaka n’ibinyabuzima by’ibiribwa byo mu gasozi, biragenda bigabanuka bitewe n’irimbuka n’iyangirika ry’imiturire, gukoresha cyane, umwanda n’iterabwoba ”kandi ngo“ urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima rutanga serivisi nyinshi zingenzi kuri ibiribwa n'ubuhinzi, harimo gutanga amazi meza, kwirinda ingaruka no gutanga aho gutura ku moko nk'amafi n'ibyangiza, bigenda bigabanuka. ” <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20191004065605/http://www.fao.org/3/ca3229en/ca3229en.pdf</ref> === Inyandiko === {{Reflist}} 4eppwomosnaxu9zqaqpdfub919mm6kv 0 13776 148932 144912 2026-11-05T01:24:36Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 4 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 148932 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Cow (Fleckvieh breed) Oeschinensee Slaunger 2009-07-07.jpg|thumb|Ubwatsi|160x160px]] [[Dosiye:Bush based biomass.jpg|thumb|188x188px|Inka ziri kurya ibiryo byazo]] Aborozi mu [[Akarere ka Nyamasheke|Karere ka Nyamasheke]] mu mwaka wa 2022 bari bafite icyizere ko bagiye gukira igihombo baterwaga no gukura kure ibiryo by’amatungo bakabasha guhaza amasoko y’amatungo abahuza n’Abanye Congo.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.igihe.com/ubukungu/ubucuruzi/article/nyamasheke-begerejwe-ibiryo-by-amatungo-byitezweho-kubafasha-guhaza-amasoko |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230218075705/https://www.igihe.com/ubukungu/ubucuruzi/article/nyamasheke-begerejwe-ibiryo-by-amatungo-byitezweho-kubafasha-guhaza-amasoko |archive-date=2023-02-18 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ibyo Wamenya == [[Dosiye:Bush-based animal feed.jpg|thumb|161x161px|ibiryo byamatingo bikorwa mubisigazwa byimyaka]] Mu Murenge wa Kanjongo ahazwi nka Kabuga hafunguwe ububiko bw’ibiryo by’amatungo bufite ubushobozi bwo kubika toni zirenga 50.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.igihe.com/ubukungu/ubucuruzi/article/nyamasheke-begerejwe-ibiryo-by-amatungo-byitezweho-kubafasha-guhaza-amasoko |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230218075705/https://www.igihe.com/ubukungu/ubucuruzi/article/nyamasheke-begerejwe-ibiryo-by-amatungo-byitezweho-kubafasha-guhaza-amasoko |archive-date=2023-02-18 |url-status=dead}}</ref>Ibiryo by’inkoko, ingurube, n’[[inka]] aba borozi babikuraga mu Mujyi wa [[Kigali]] bikabageraho bihenze cyangwa byangiritse kubera gupakiranwa n’ibindi bicuruzwa birimo amavuta n’imisumari.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.igihe.com/ubukungu/ubucuruzi/article/nyamasheke-begerejwe-ibiryo-by-amatungo-byitezweho-kubafasha-guhaza-amasoko |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230218075705/https://www.igihe.com/ubukungu/ubucuruzi/article/nyamasheke-begerejwe-ibiryo-by-amatungo-byitezweho-kubafasha-guhaza-amasoko |archive-date=2023-02-18 |url-status=dead}}</ref>Ubu bubiko bufite ubushobozi bwo kubika toni zirenga 50 z’ibiribwa by’amatungo. Ku ikubitiro hagejejwemo ibiribwa by’ingurube, inkoko n’inka mu minsi iri imbere bateganyaga gushyiramo n’ibiribwa by’amafi.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.igihe.com/ubukungu/ubucuruzi/article/nyamasheke-begerejwe-ibiryo-by-amatungo-byitezweho-kubafasha-guhaza-amasoko |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230218075705/https://www.igihe.com/ubukungu/ubucuruzi/article/nyamasheke-begerejwe-ibiryo-by-amatungo-byitezweho-kubafasha-guhaza-amasoko |archive-date=2023-02-18 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] lhsdia6ebf7samyhggeolhw59prxtyo 0 13778 148940 135170 2026-11-05T02:19:55Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 148940 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Kids_and_cows.jpg|thumb|Inka n'inyana zazo |145x145px]] [[Dosiye:African wild dog (Lycaon pictus), Okavango River; December 2012 (02).jpg|thumb|imbwa yinyagasozi zimwe muziry amatungo yabaturage|137x137px]] [[Dosiye:Imvubu.jpg|left|thumb|142x142px|Imvubu]] Aborozi bororera mu nkengero za Pariki ya Gishwati Mukura, bamaze iminsi bagaragaza ikibazo cy’inyamaswa ziva muri Pariki zikaza kubarira amatungo, cyane cyane zikibasira inyana zikiri nto.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/perezida-kagame-yagarutse-ku-kibazo-cy-inyamaswa-zica-amatungo-y-abaturage</ref> == Ibyo Wamenya == [[Dosiye:Goats in Ninh Hải, Ninh Binh province, Vietnam, 20240201 1521 4871.jpg|thumb|147x147px|Ihene]] Bamwe mu baturage bafite amatungo yariwe n’iyo nyamaswa bagaragaje ko ubworozi bwabo bwabatezaga imbere ariko kuri ubu bakaba bari gusubira inyuma.Bamwe mu borozi bo mu Karere ka Musanze mu Murenge wa Nyange barasaba inzego bireba ko zabafasha gukemura ikibazo cy’inyamaswa yatangiye kubarira amatungo yabo arimo intama n’inyana.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/musanze-hadutse-inyamaswa-yica-ikanarya-amatungo-magufi-n-inyana |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230218084751/https://www.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/musanze-hadutse-inyamaswa-yica-ikanarya-amatungo-magufi-n-inyana |archive-date=2023-02-18 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/perezida-kagame-yagarutse-ku-kibazo-cy-inyamaswa-zica-amatungo-y-abaturage</ref>Ikibazo cy’inyamaswa zirya inyana z’imitavu cyumvikanye cyane mu borozi bororera mu Gishwati mu minsi ishize. Umukuru w’Igihugu yakigarutseho ubwo yakiraga indahiro z’Abaminisitiri bashya asaba inzego bireba kugihagurukira kuko kitari gikwiye kugera kuri urwo rwego.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/musanze-hadutse-inyamaswa-yica-ikanarya-amatungo-magufi-n-inyana |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230218084751/https://www.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/musanze-hadutse-inyamaswa-yica-ikanarya-amatungo-magufi-n-inyana |archive-date=2023-02-18 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Inyamaswa]] [[Ikiciro:Amatungo]] 8b8mxfbdwl9hl4e7z2kwbj72ur46cx9 0 13801 148943 145761 2026-11-05T02:37:45Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 148943 wikitext text/x-wiki Ikigo rusange kw'isi [https://web.archive.org/web/20070505023904/http://www.gci.org.uk/ gci.org.uk] cyashinzwe mu Bwongereza mu 1990 na Aubrey Meyer n'abandi ngo bamamaze inzira iboneye yo gukemura imihindagurikire y’ikirere. <ref>{{Cite web |date=13 June 2001 |title=House of Commons - Environmental Audit Committee - Written Evidence |url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201012/cmselect/cmenvaud/1080/1080vw17.htm |access-date=2 December 2012 |publisher=[[Parliament of the United Kingdom]]}}</ref> Byateje imbere by'umwihariko igabanuka n'ihuza ry'imyuka ihumanya ikirere mu buryo bwo gukemura ibibazo by' imihindagurikire y’ikirere nkuko byemejwe na UN COP ishinzwe imihindagurikire y’ibihe ndetse n’imiryango mpuzamahanga y’amadini. <ref name="GCI">{{Cite web |url=http://www.gci.org.uk |title=Global Commons Institute |access-date=2023-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070505023904/http://www.gci.org.uk/ |archive-date=2007-05-05 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Benshi mu bashinze n'abashyize umukono ku magambo ya mbere bashyigikiye ku kugabanuka no guhuriza hamwe bari abayoboke b' ishyaka [Green Party .] <ref name="statement">{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.gci.org.uk/signon/OrigStatement2.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927020451/http://www.gci.org.uk/signon/OrigStatement2.pdf |archive-date=2011-09-27 |access-date=2007-04-23}} Original statement</ref> == Reba kandi == * Jim Berreen * Aubrey Meyer * kugabanuka no Guhuza == Reba == {{Reflist}} o43suc7zay3d79c037to6vh2yn5ejlq 0 13822 148982 146341 2026-11-05T08:47:07Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 148982 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Yellow-billed Kite (Milvus aegyptius) RWD2.jpg|thumb|Sakabaka]] [[Dosiye:Hawaii - Big Island December 2023 - Birds - 10.jpg|thumb|Sakabaka usanga muri hawaii]] [[Dosiye:Big bird (2112159933).jpg|thumb|Sakabaka]] [[Dosiye:Hawaii - Big Island December 2023 - Bird 01.jpg|thumb|Hawaii - Big Island]] [[Dosiye:Hawaii - Big Island December 2023 - Birds - 20.jpg|thumb|Sakabaka iherereye ku kirwa cya hawaii]] [[Dosiye:Hawaii - Big Island December 2023 - Birds - 19.jpg|thumb|Hawaii - Big Island ]] [[Dosiye:Hawaii - Big Island December 2023 - Birds - 7.jpg|thumb|Sakabaka uri kukirwa cya Hawaii]] Kimwe mu bisiga bishobora kuboneka mu Rwanda n’ahandi muri Afurika yo munsi y’ubutayu bwa Sahara ni igisiga cyitwa Yellow billed kite bamwe bita Sakabaka. Ahantu henshi ibi bisiga biboneka bitwara imishwi y’inkoko cyangwa byirukanka inyuma y’inuma n’izindi nyoni. Iyo turebye ku miterere y’iki gisiga tubona ko gifite umunwa w’umuhondo gusa ariko hari ikindi gisiga gisa n’iki neza ariko ku isongi ry’umunwa hakaba hariho akadomo k’umukara. Icyo gisiga gifite akadomo k’umukara kiracyafatwa nk’iki gifite umunwa w’umuhondo gusa n’ubwo ubushakashatsi bukirimo gukorwa kugira ngo harebwe niba hari irindi tandukaniro riri hagati yabyo. [[Dosiye:Yellow-billed kite (Milvus aegyptius) juvenile.jpg|thumb|Igisiga bita Yellow billed kite]] == Imiterere yacyo == Yellow-billed kite ni igisiga udashobora kwibeshyaho bitewe n’umunwa wacyo w’umuhondo. Amababa y’iki gisiga ni ikijuju cyijimye kandi imirizo yacyo imeze nk’ijya gukora inyuguti ya V. Yellow billed kite ni kimwe mu bisiga bitari binini cyane kuko gishobora kugira uburebure bwa 55cm, gishobora kugira uburemere bwa 1 kg. Iki gisiga gishobora kurama imyaka 23. == Aho wagisanga == Yellow billed kite iboneka mu mukenke, mu mashyamba ariko atagizwe n’ibiti bicucitse, ahantu h’imirambi ndetse ushobora no kuzibona ahantu hari ibikorwa bya muntu nko mu mijyi, mu byaro n’ahantu hari ibikorwa by’ubuhinzi. Iki gisiga kigurukira ku butumburuke buto kugira ngo kibashe gufata umuhigo, ndetse gikunda kugenda hafi y’imihanda kugira ngo gifate ibintu byagonzwe n’imodoka. Iki gisiga cyambukiranya imipaka ariko hagati mu mugabane wa Afurika. Yellow billed kite ishobora kuboneka mu bihugu binyurwamo n’umurongo utambitse ugabanya Isi mo kabiri (Equateur). Nubwo ibi bisiga bikunda kwimuka bitewe n’ibihe by’umwaka ariko mu Rwanda ighe cyose birahaboneka. [[Dosiye:Yellow-billed Kites (Milvus aegyptius) (6865196436).jpg|thumb|uko gihiga ibigitunga]] == ibigitunga == Iki gisiga gitungwa n’ibintu bitandukanye uhereye ku dusimba duto, ibisimba bito bifite urutirigongo, imiswa, amafi, amayezi n’ibindi. Gishobora kurya inyoni zirimo nk’amoko atandukanye y’amasandi, imbeba, imiserebanya, ibinyamujonjorerwa, inzoka, ibinyamagurijana (umuhovu/umukondo w’inyana) n’utunyamabere. Yellow billed kite ni kimwe mu bisiga byoroherwa no kuguruka ku buryo gishobora guhagarara mu kirere umwanya runaka kikaba cyanafata udusimba duto turimo kuguruka. == Imyororokere yacyo == Yellow billed kite ni kimwe mu bisiga bidaca inyuma kigenzi cyacyo. Ibi bisiga iyo bigiye kororoka bijya ahantu ha byonyine kandi bikabungabunga umutekano waho. Icyari cyubakwa n’ikigabo n’ikigore bifatanyije. Iyo icyari kimaze kuboneka ikigore gitera amagi 1-3 akararirwa n’ikigore cyonyine mu gihe cy’iminsi 37-38. Muri icyo gihe ikigabo gishobora gusigariraho ikigore kugira ngo kijye gushaka ibyo kurya. [[Dosiye:Yellow-billed Kite (Milvus aegyptius) (17263769665).jpg|thumb|sakabaka]] Iyo imishwi imaze guturagwa mu minsi 5-6 ibanza ikigabo kizanira ikigore ibyo kurya noneho ikigore kikajya kigaburira imishwi. Iyo imishwi igize nibura ukwezi ikigore gifatanya n’ikigabo kuzana ibyo kurya byo gutunga imishwi. Mu minsi 40 imishwi iba itangiye kwiga kugengagenda mu biti ndetse nyuma y’iminsi micye igatangira kwiga kuguruka. == Ihagaze ite muri iki gihe? == Nubwo umubare w’ibi bisiga urimo kugenda ugabanuka ariko ntabwo biragera ku rwego rwo kuvuga ko birimo gucika. Impamvu zimwe na zimwe zihishe inyuma y’iri gabanuka harimo imihindagurikire y’ikirere, guhumana kw’amazi, imiti ikoreshwa mu buhinzi n’ubworozi ndetse no kurya ibintu bishwe n’uburozi. == Reba == <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://mobile.igihe.com/ibidukikije/inyamaswa/article/ibyo-wamenya-kuri-yellow-billed-kite-igisiga-bamwe-bita-sakabaka |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230219094747/http://mobile.igihe.com/ibidukikije/inyamaswa/article/ibyo-wamenya-kuri-yellow-billed-kite-igisiga-bamwe-bita-sakabaka |archive-date=2023-02-19 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} rraac90z44srptssis7dz431ddkd2x3 0 14134 148926 107113 2026-11-05T00:26:41Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 148926 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Coed-y-Brenin_forestry_(12586524153).jpg|thumb|right|Abakozi bari gutera ishyamba mu mpanga z'umusozi mu mujyi wa Wales.]] '''Gutera amashyamba muri Whales''' ku bikorwa byo gutera, gucunga, no kwita ku mashyamba yo muri Wales. == Amateka == Iterambere ry’amashyamba no gukora no gutanga ibiti muri Wales biza munsi y’umutungo kamere Wales, nkuko bigaragara mu itegeko ry’amashyamba 1967. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Role of Natural Resources Wales |url=https://law.gov.wales/environment/forestry/role-of-natural-resources-wales/?lang=en#/environment/forestry/role-of-natural-resources-wales/?tab=overview&lang=en |access-date=4 March 2021 |publisher=LawWales |archive-date=12 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170212061205/http://law.gov.wales/environment/forestry/role-of-natural-resources-wales/?lang=en#/environment/forestry/role-of-natural-resources-wales/?tab=overview&lang=en |url-status=dead }}</ref> Muri 2013 Umutungo Kamere Wales wafashe inshingano z’amashyamba muri Wales, <ref name="wales">{{Cite web |date=9 April 2013 |title=Welsh Government-Natural Resources Wales |url=http://wales.gov.uk/topics/environmentcountryside/consmanagement/seb/?lang=en |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140531060629/http://wales.gov.uk/topics/environmentcountryside/consmanagement/seb/?lang=en |archive-date=31 May 2014 |access-date=27 July 2015}}</ref> Muri 2020, Guverinoma ya Welsh yatangije gahunda ndende yo kongera amashyamba izwi ku izina ry’ishyamba ry’igihugu cya Wales . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-02-01 |title=The National Forest for Wales |url=https://www.wales.com/visit/national-forest-wales |access-date=2022-06-27 |website=Wales |language=en}}</ref> == Ubuyobozi == Ikigo gishinzw Umutungo Kamere Wales ni urwego rwatewe inkunga na leta ya Welsh, rwo gucunga umutungo kamere wa Wales . Yashinzwe kuva mu nama y’icyaro cya Wales, Ikigo cy’ibidukikije Wales, na komisiyo ishinzwe amashyamba Wales, ikanakora izindi nshingano zahoze zifatwa na guverinoma ya Welsh. <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 April 2013 |title=Welsh Government - Natural Resources Wales |url=http://wales.gov.uk/topics/environmentcountryside/consmanagement/seb/?lang=en |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140531060629/http://wales.gov.uk/topics/environmentcountryside/consmanagement/seb/?lang=en |archive-date=2014-05-31 |access-date=2015-07-27 |website=wales.gov.uk}}</ref> Andi mashyirahamwe akorera muri Wales kunoza imicungire y’amashyamba n’amashyamba ya Welsh harimo ihuriro ry’inganda z’amashyamba, Coed Cymru <ref>{{Cite web |title=Coed Cymru |url=http://coed.cymru/index.html |access-date=2023-02-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230201232025/https://coed.cymru/index.html |archive-date=2023-02-01 |url-status=dead}}</ref> na Woodknowledge Wales. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Woodknowledge Wales |url=http://woodknowledge.wales/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171015045037/http://woodknowledge.wales/ |archive-date=2017-10-15 |access-date=2019-01-27}}</ref> == Reba == {{Reflist}} o5foea5r9szcj1f5qtzjmdds3ibq0j7 0 14428 148962 144743 2026-11-05T05:17:55Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 148962 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Pollution by a factory on the bank of the Buriganga near Dhaka 01.jpg|thumb|Imyuka iva munganda nayo Ituma ikirere gihumana |288x288px]] Imyuka ihumanya ikirere ituruka mu nzego zitandukanye z'ubukungu nk'ubwikorezi, ingufu, inganda, ndetse no mu masoko karemano nko mu kuruka kw'ibirunga, inkubi y'umuyaga, n'umuriro. Ubwiza bwiza bwikirere bugira uruhare runini mubuzima bw'ubuzima bw'abantu no kubidukikije.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.rema.gov.rw/our-work/link/air#:~:text=In%20Rwanda%2C%20air%20pollutants%20are,%2C%20dust%20storms%2C%20and%20wildfires. |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-28 |archive-date=2023-02-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230228140229/https://www.rema.gov.rw/our-work/link/air#:~:text=In%20Rwanda%2C%20air%20pollutants%20are,%2C%20dust%20storms%2C%20and%20wildfires. |url-status=dead }}</ref> 2022 wabaye umwaka utoroshye, mpeshyi yaho hagaragaye ubushyuhe bwinshi cyane mu bice binini byo mu majyaruguru y'isi, byerekana ko byihutirwa gukomeza kugenzura ihindagurika ry’ikirere. Gutinya ejo hazaza akenshi bituma abantu bava mubibazo, kuko bumva biteguye gukora ikintu icyo aricyo cyose kugirango icyo kibazo gikemuke. Ubumenyi bw'ikirere burasobanutse neza kuburyo kuri buri gice cyahantu hashyuha bashobora gukumirwa ingaruka z'ubwo bushyuhedu kugira ngo ubuzima bukomeze kugenda neza. Ibyo bivuze ko hari ibyakorwa kugirango tugabanye ibyangiza ikirere.<ref>https://www.goodenergy.co.uk/positive-climate-news/</ref> [[Dosiye:Litter.JPG|thumb|Imyanda ]] [[Dosiye:Borewll_drilling_dust_pollution.jpg|thumb|Imyuka yanduye ]] [[Dosiye:WaterPollutionDeule2006_02_24.jpg|thumb|Imyanda ]] [[Dosiye:Kota umuriro.jpg|thumb|Gutwika Imyanda nabyo biri mubihumanya ikirere dutuye]] == Ibihumanya ikirere == Ibihumanya ikirere harimo; * Gutwika ibintu bitandukanya * Imyuka iva mu nganda * Imyuka iva mubinyabiziga * Gutera imiti yica udukoko<ref>https://www.aqi.in/blog/here-are-the-10-main-causes-of-air-pollution/</ref>[[Dosiye:Polution_des_eaux_10.jpg|thumb|Imyanda ]] == Ingaruka z'ikirere gihumanye ku buzima bw'umuntu == [[Dosiye:Air pollution, bord du Canal de l'Esplanade, fumée noire, inversion atmosphérique Lille Bois Citadelle 25 février 2019a 04.jpg|thumb|Imyuka ihumanya ikirere]] Ikirere kimeze neza kandi kidahumanye, kigatanga umwuka mwiza abantu bahumeka ubuzima bukaba bwiza. Raporo y’Ishamiry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima (WHO) igaragaza ko buri mwaka abantu miliyoni enye n’ibihumbi magana abiri (4,200,000) bapfa bazize indwara ziterwa no guhumeka umwuka wanduye zirimo iz’umutima, kanseri y’ibihaha n’izindi ndwara zifata mu myanya y’ubuhumekero cyane cyane ku bana.<ref>https://www.who.int/teams/environment-climate-change-and-health/air-quality-and-health/ambient-air-pollution</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://www.environment.gov.rw/news-detail/umunsi-mpuzamahanga-wumwuka-mwiza-nikirere-gikeye-minisitiri-wibidukikije-arasaba-buri-munyarwanda-kwita-ku-buziranenge-bwumwuka-duhumeka-1 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230228140229/https://www.environment.gov.rw/news-detail/umunsi-mpuzamahanga-wumwuka-mwiza-nikirere-gikeye-minisitiri-wibidukikije-arasaba-buri-munyarwanda-kwita-ku-buziranenge-bwumwuka-duhumeka-1 |archive-date=2023-02-28 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Ubwiza bw’ikirere bufitanye isano rya hafi n’ikirere cy’isi n’ibinyabuzima ku isi. Benshi mu bashoferi bahumanya ikirere (ni ukuvuga gutwika ibicanwa bya fosile) nabo ni isoko y’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere. Politiki yo kugabanya ihumana ry’ikirere rero, itanga ingamba zakamaro haba ku kirere ndetse n’ubuzima, bikagabanya umutwaro w’indwara ziterwa n’ ’ikirere gihumanye, ndetse no kugira uruhare mu kugabanya imihindagurikire y’ikirere mu gihe cya vuba kandi kirekire.<ref>https://www.who.int/health-topics/air-pollution#tab=tab_1</ref> [[Dosiye:Environmental_pollution_(water_pollution).jpg|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Environmental_pollution_of_zhangzhou1.jpg|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Polution_des_eaux_2.jpg|thumb|Imyanda ]] [[Dosiye:La_pollution_urbaine.jpg|thumb|Imyanda ]] == Ibyavuze na Minisitiri w’Ibidukikije  Dr Mujawamariya Jeanne D’Arc == Minisitiri w’Ibidukikije  Dr Mujawamariya Jeanne D’Arc yasambye buri munyarwanda cyane cyane abatuye Umujyi wa Kigali kugira icyo akora kugira ngo umwuka duhumeka urusheho kuba mwiza. Yagize ati “ndahamagarira buri munyarwanda cyane cyane abatuye Umujyi wa Kigali kwitabira kugenda mu modoka za rusange, kugenda n’amaguru aho bishoboka, kureka gucana amakara n’inkwi bagatekesha gazi n’izindi ngufu zitangiza ikirere no gutera ibiti ahashobooka hose.”<ref name=":0" /> [[Dosiye:Polution_des_eaux_11.jpg|thumb|Imyanda ]] == Ibyakorwa kugirango tugabanye ihumanywa ry'ikirere == Umuti wo guca umwanda wigihe gito urashobora gushyirwa mubikorwa uyumunsi. Byose bishingiye ku ikoranabuhanga rihari kandi birashobora gukorwa nta kiguzi cyangwa gito. Hari ibikorwa byashyirwa mu bikorwa kugirango hagabanywe iyangirika ry'ikirere. Muribyo bikorwa harimo; kugabanya metani iva mu myanda (harimo imyanda y'ibiribwa) n'ubuhinzi; kugabanya ibyuka byangiza imyuka iva mu guteka mu rugo, gucana no gushyushya, no kuri moteri ikora cyane mu makamyo, bisi n'amato; no kugabanya imyuka ya metani iva mu bicuruzwa bya peteroli na gaze.<ref>https://www.ccacoalition.org/en/content/short-lived-climate-pollutants-and-health</ref> [[Dosiye:Particulate_matter_air_pollution_has_numerous_sources_both_natural_and_human-produced.webp|thumb]] == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} alqn3hqw41vf6azp56wfb6qhkv1aqug 0 14548 148934 148129 2026-11-05T01:42:28Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 148934 wikitext text/x-wiki Kugeza ubu ntidushidikanya ko abakunzi n’abasomyi b’urubuga rwacu "umutihealth.com" mumaze kumenya agaciro ko kurya indyo iboneye. [[File:Examples of Signs and Symptoms of Kidney Ischemia.png|thumb|ibimenyetso byuko urwaye impyiko]] Kurya indyo iboneye uretse kuba biturinda indwara zinyuranye binadufasha mu gutuma imibiri yacu ikora neza nuko tukabaho ubuzima bwiza. Mu kurya nyamara, iyo ibyo turiye bigeze mu mibiri yacu ikamuramo ibyo ikeneye ibisigaye bigasohoka nk’imyanda. Rimwe na rimwe rero hari igihe iyo myanda idasohoka yose nuko isigaye mu mubiri igahinduka uburozi bwangiza byinshi cyane cyane inyama zo mu nda zishinzwe gusukura no gutunganya umubiri. Izo nyama ahanini ni umwijima n’impyiko. Iyo ufite impyiko zikora neza bigufasha mu gusohora imyanda myinshi mu mubiri binyuze mu nkari, gusohora isukari idakenewe ndetse bikanafasha gusohora amazi yabaye umurengera. == Ibimenyetso byuko impyiko zawe zirwaye == Nkuko tubikesha urubuga rwandika ku buzima rwitwa lifeoptions mu nkuru bahaye umutwe ugira uti “Symptoms of Kidney Disease” bimwe muri ibyo bimenyetso ni ibi bikurikira: === 1.Guhorana umunaniro ukabije === Impyiko nzima ubusanzwe zikora umusemburo bita erythropoietin (EPO),uyu niwo ubwira umubiri gukora uturemangingo dutwara umwuka mwiza mu mubiri.Iyo rero impyiko zagize ikibazo,uyu musemburo uba muke,bigatuma na twa turemangingo tuba duke,imikaya n’ubwonko bigahita binanirwa vuba. === 2. Kugira ubukonje bwinshi mu mubiri === Ushobora gukonja cyane no mu gihe hashyushye.Iyo impyiko zikora nabi,amaraso nayo aba make (Anemia) kuko twa turemangingo dutwara umwuka mwiza tuba twagabanyutse.Ibi rero bigatera umubiri gukonja. === 3. Ingorane mu guhumeka === Iyo impyiko zidakora neza,amazi yibika mu mubiri cyane,ibi bikaba byatuma yibika no mu bihaha,bityo bigatera ikibazo cy’ubuhumekero.Ikindi kandi,iyo twa turemangingo dutwara umwuka mwiza wa Oxygen twagabanyutse,bishobora gutera ingorane mu guhumeka. === 4. Kugira ikizengerera cyane ndetse n’isereri === Kugabanyuka kw’amaraso biba byatewe no kudakora neza kw’impyiko,bituma [[ubwonko]] butabona umwuka mwiza uhagije,bityo bigatera isereri ndetse n’ikizengerera. === 5. Kugira ibinya byinshi mu mubiri === Iyo impyiko zifite ikibazo,imyunyungugu ya Kalisiyumu na Phosphore iragabanyuka,ibi rero bigatera kumva ibinya mu mikaya yo mu mubiri.Gusa kugira ibinya,ntibivuzeko buri igihe aba ari uburwayi bw’impyiko. === 6. Kubabara mu gice cy’umugongo wo hasi === Ububabare bwo mu mugongo wo hasi si ko buri gihe busobanuye uburwayi bw’impyiko,gusa iyo impyiko ziri kwangirika,umuntu ashobora kubabara umugongo wo hasi.iki nacyo cyaba ikimenyetso ugomba kwitondera. === 7. Imihindagurikire mu kunyara === Kubera ko ipmyiko ziba zidakora neza,habaho impinduka mu kunyara,hahandi ushobora gushaka kunyara cyane,cyangwa se nijoro ndetse ugashanga n’inkari zahinduye ibara. === 8. Kugira umwuka mubi === Kubera ko imyanda iba yabaye myinshi mu mubiri,utangira kumva umwuka udahumura neza. === 9. Gutakaza ibiro ndetse no kubura appétit (ubushake bwo kurya) === === 10.Kubyimba amaguru,ibirenge ndetse n’ibiganza === === Ibindi === Gusa ibi bimenyetso byakwereka ko impyiko zawe zidakora neza,hari n’izindi ndwara zabitera.Ni byiza rero ko iyo ubonye ibi bimenyetso wihutira kujya kwa muganga kugirango barebe niba koko ari impyiko cyangwa ari ubundi burwayi bubitera. === Imiti myimerere yagufasha ku burwayi bw’impyiko === Kubera akazi gakomeye impyiko zikora,ni ngombwa kuzisigasira zigakora neza,gusa hari igihe ushobora kuba uzirwaye,cyangwa baragusuzumye bakakubwira ko zidakora neza.ubu rero habonetse imiti ikozwe mu bimera,ikaba yizewe ku rwego mpuzamahanga kuko ifite ubuziranenge butangwa n’ibigo bikomeye ku isi nka FDA (Food and Drug Administration),ikaba ifasha impyiko kuyungurura neza amaraso, irazisana iyo zangiritse,ndetse ikica udukoko twazangiza.Muri iyo miti twavugamo nka:'''Kidney tonifying capsule, Cordyceps plus Capsules, Soybean Lecithin capsules, Kudding plus tea,'''…Twabibutsa ko iyi miti nta ngaruka igira ku muntu wayikoresheje. == Ibyo kurya byagufasha kuyirinda == Hari ibyo kurya rero ukwiye kwitaho cyane kugirango impyiko zawe zikomeze gukora neza, ndetse ube unazirinze indwara zinyuranye. By’umwihariko ibi byo kurya ni ingenzi ku bafite uburwayi bw’impyiko kimwe n’abari ku mashini zibavomamo ibidakenewe(dialysis). === Puwavuro === [[Dosiye:Capsicum annuum fruits IMGP0049.jpg|thumb|Puwavuro|141x141px]] Niba ufite ikibazo cy’imikorere y’impyiko, uru ruboga rufatwa nk’ikirungo ntiruzabure iwawe. Impamvu nyamukuru ni uko poivron zirimo potassium nkeya. Si ibyo gusa kuko poivron ikungahaye kuri vitamin A, B6, B9, C na fibre. Dusangamo kandi lycopene ikaba ifasha mu kurinda [[kanseri]] zinyuranye. Poivron kuzirya zitogosheje ku kariro gacye, kuzirya salade cyangwa kuzinyuza mu mavuta zikaba imijugwe (imitura) nibwo buryo bwiza bwo kuzirya. === Amashu === [[Dosiye:Cabbage (Brassica oleracea) Black rot (35710676671).jpg|thumb|110x110px|Ishu]] Mu mashu dusangamo intungamubiri zinyuranye zifasha mu guhangana na kanseri kimwe n’indwara z’umutima. Amashu akungahaye kuri vitamin K ndetse tunasangamo vitamin C, vitamin B6, B9 na fibre. Kimwe na poivron, amashu na yo arimo potassium nkeya. Amashu mu kuyarya na yo ni kimwe na poivron, ushobora kuyarya mabisi kuri salade, kuyatogosa cyangwa kuyanyuza mu mavuta akanya gato akaba imijugwe. Wakoresha amashu mu bwoko bwayo yaba ayasanzwe, cyangwa chou-fleur gusa ukamenya ko chou-fleur yo irimo vitamin K nkeya ugereranyije n’amashu y’ibibabi. === Tungurusumu === [[Dosiye:GarlicBasket.jpg|thumb|127x127px|Tungurusumu]] Tungurusumu ni nziza cyane iyo bigeze mu kubyimbura no kugabanya igipimo cya cholesterol mu mubiri. Si ibyo gusa kuko inabuza amaraso kuba yakipfundika, ibi bishobora gutera indwara zinyuranye cyane cyane iz’imitsi. Ndetse zifasha mu gusohora imyanda n’uburozi mu mubiri. Mu gukoresha tungurusumu ni byiza kutaziteka kuko iyo uzitetse uba uzambuye ubushobozi bwo kubyimbura no kubuza amaraso kwipfundika. Ahubwo ushobora gukoresha ifu yazo cyangwa ukazikatagurira ku byo kurya bihiye cyangwa biri hafi gushya. === Ibitunguru === [[Dosiye:Mixed onions.jpg|thumb|116x116px|Ibitunguru.]] Ibitunguru bikungahaye kuri flavonoids cyane cyane iyitwa quercetin. Iyi quercetin ibuza kuba hari ibyakitekera mu mitsi y’amaraso ndetse ifasha mu gusohora uburozi mu mubiri. Ibi bituma ifasha mu kurinda indwara z’umutima, kanseri ikanafasha kubyimbura. Kuba bifite potassium nke, ibitunguru ni byiza ku mpyiko. Ndetse binarimo chrome, umunyungugu ufasha umubiri mu gutunganya ibinure, poroteyine n’ibinyasukari. Ushobora kubikatira ku byo kurya ugiye kubyarura cyangwa ukabirya kuri salade. === Pome === [[Dosiye:Red Apple.jpg|thumb|112x112px|Pome]] Imvugo yabaye gikwira ivuga ko pome imwe ku munsi yakurinda kujya kwa muganga. Pome ikungahaye kuri fibre kandi izwiho kubyimbura, kugabanya cholesterol mbi, kurwanya kwituma impatwe no kurinda indwara z’umutima na kanseri zinyuranye. Pome wayikoresha mu buryo bunyuranye: ushobora kuyirya urubuto, kunywa umutobe wayo cyangwa gukoresha vinegar yayo (apple cider vinegar). === Inkeri === [[Dosiye:Garden strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) single2.jpg|thumb|202x202px|Inkeri]] Inkeri mu moko yazo yose zaba cranberry, blueberry, raspberry, strawberry, ni utubuto twiza tw’ingenzi mu mikorere y’impyiko. By’umwihariko cranberries zizwiho kurinda ubwandu bw’umuyoboro w’inkari ndetse zikarinda kanseri n’indwara z’umutima. Blueberries zo ibara ry’ubururu riterwa nuko zirimo anthocyanin. Izi zikaba zizwiho gusukura umubiri. Si ibyo gusa kuko zinarimo manganese ifasha amagufa, vitamin C na fibre hamwe n’ibirinda kubyimbirwa. Muri raspberries ho by’umwihariko harimo ellagic acid ikaba ica intege ibyakangiza impyiko by’uburozi. Na zo kandi zirimo anthocyanin zirwanya uburozi mu mubiri. Tunasangamo vitamin C, manganese na fibre. Biziha ububasha bwo kurwanya kanseri no kuyibuza gusakara mu mubiri. Inkeri za strawberries na zo zikize kuri fibre, manganese na vitamin C ndetse zirwanya kubyimbirwa zikanarinda kanseri zinyuranye. Inkeri mu moko yazo yose zishobora kuribwa zihiye, zumye, cyangwa ukanywa umutobe wazo. === Imizabibu itukura === [[Dosiye:Pinot Grigio-20201027-RM-114053.jpg|thumb|105x105px|Imizabibu itukura.]] Kuba imizabibu itukura bituruka ku kuba harimo flavonoids zinyuranye. Izo flavonoids ni nziza ku mikorere y’umutima, kuko zibuza ko amaraso yakipfundika. Ibi binafasha impyiko mu mikorere yazo dore ko ari zo zishinzwe gusukura umubiri. Imwe muri flavonoids ariyo resveratrol ituma hakorwa NO (nitic oxide) ihagije ikaba igira akamaro mu gutuma imikaya iruhuka bigafasha amaraso gutembera neza. Imizabibu rero ni myiza kuyirya hagati y’amafunguro cyangwa kunywa umutobe wayo. Ufite firigo ukabikamo imbuto ukaza kuzirya zikonje bikiza inyota. Uzahitemo izifite umutuku wijimye cyangwa izisa na mauve. === Umweru w'igi === [[Dosiye:Boiled Egg - Crossection.jpg|thumb|110x110px|Igi]] Burya umweru w’igi ni poroteyine gusa ziwugize. Uretse ibyo kandi unakungahaye kuri amino acids nyinshi. Niba ufite impyiko zidakora neza, ni byiza kurya umweru w’igi gusa kuko harimo phosphore nkeya ugereranyije n’inyama n’umuhondo w’igi. Ushobora kurya umweru w’igi ritogosheje cyangwa ugakora umureti wawo gusa (umweru). === Amafi === [[Dosiye:Pond fish and pomfret fish.jpg|thumb|Amafi]] Amafi nayo ni isoko nziza ya poroteyine ndetse ku barwayi b’indwara z’umutima na diyabete bagirwa inama yo kurya amafi byibuze kabiri mu cyumweru. Uretse kubamo poroteyine kandi amafi anakungahaye ku binure bya omega-3 bizwiho kurwanya kubyimbirwa. Amafi rero arinda indwara zinyuranye nka kanseri n’indwara z’umutima. Amafi akungahaye kuri omega-3 twavuga salmon, tilapia, mackerel n’andi. === Amavuta ya elayo === [[Dosiye:2023 Oliwa z oliwek Redoro.jpg|thumb|Amavuta ya elayo]] Ubushakashatsi bugaragaza ko abantu baba mu bihugu aho amavuta ya elayo akoreshwa yonyine bafite ibyago bike cyane byo kuba barware kanseri n’izindi ndwara z’umutima. Impamvu amavuta ya elayo ari meza ku mpyiko by’umwihariko ni uko akungahaye kuri oleic acid, bikaba ibinure birwanya kubyimbirwa ndetse bikanarinda uburozi mu mubiri, akize kandi kuri polyphenols zikaba na zo zikora akazi kamwe na oleic acid. Aya mavuta wakoresha extra virgin cyangwa virgin, niyo aba ari umwimerere, by’umwihariko ukareba ko igihe cy’isarura (harvest time) kirenze byibuze amezi 15, muri macye ari amavuta akuze. Mu kuyatekesha ntuyacamutsa, ahubwo ushobora kuyasuka ku byo kurya bihiye, kuyashoreranya n’ibyo utetse cyangwa kuyashyiramo bitangiye gutogota. == Reba == <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://umutihealth.com/ibyo-kurya-byiza-ku-mpyiko/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-01 |archive-date=2023-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301204826/https://umutihealth.com/ibyo-kurya-byiza-ku-mpyiko/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20230301204828/https://agakiza.org/Dore-bimwe-mu-byo-wakora-ngo-wivure-indwara-8-zifata-impyiko-Igice-2.html</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.rwandamagazine.com/ubuzima/article/ibimenyetso-simusiga-byakwereka-ko-impyiko-zawe-zidakora-neza |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301204828/https://www.rwandamagazine.com/ubuzima/article/ibimenyetso-simusiga-byakwereka-ko-impyiko-zawe-zidakora-neza |archive-date=2023-03-01 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} qtk0cld74jrn97iefbgm1wo9cqlfcpo 0 14589 148942 106295 2026-11-05T02:29:53Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 148942 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Ikigo cya Berezile gishinzwe ibidukikije n’ivugurura ry'umutungo kamere''' (Mugi portigali: Instituto Brasileiro do meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naurais Renovaveis , '''IBAMA''' ) ni minisiteri ishinzwe ibidukikije muri Burezile . <ref name="bna">{{Cite web |title=Ibama (Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis) |url=http://www.bnamericas.com/company-profile/en/Instituto_Brasileiro_do_Meio_Ambiente_e_dos_Recursos_Naturais_Renovaveis-Ibama |access-date=11 July 2014 |website=BNamericas}}</ref> <ref>"Brazilian Federal Law 7.735/1989 (Portuguese)". http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/leis/l7735.htm</ref> IBAMA ishyigikiye kurwanya itemwa ry'amashyamba ya Amazone, kandi ishyira mu bikorwa amategeko arwanya itewma ry'amashyamba aho guverinoma idashoboye kubishyira mu bikorwa. IBAMA ikora kugirango irinde ishyamba abatema ibiti, ubuhinzi, ubworozi bw’ubuhinzi n’ikintu cyose cyabangamira ishyamba ry'Amazone. == Gasuku == Mu bikorwa bitandukanye bya IBAMA by’ibidukikije n’umutungo kamere, bayobora Itsinda rishinzwe kugarura Gasuku hamwe n’umushinga ''Ararinha Azul'' ujyanye no kubungabunga imwe mu nyoni nkeya ku isi. Nyamara Gasuku ya nyuma iba mu butayu yazimiye mu 2000 maze amoko arazimira mu ishyamba. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160303191241/http://www.worldtwitch.com/cyanopsitta.htm "The Last Spix's Macaw ''Cyanopsitta Spixii'' Disappears from the Wild"], WorldTwitch.</ref> == Intege nke == == Reba kandi == * Urugomero rwa Belo Monte == Reba == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * {{In lang|pt}} [http://www.ibama.gov.br/ IBAMA Website] * {{In lang|pt}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20230204014119/http://www1.icmbio.gov.br/ ICMBio Website] {{Authority control}} 1a306mp528ndi5hof93h5ne4d3xde7l 0 14646 148939 137725 2026-11-05T02:08:58Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 148939 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Traumatic dementia.jpg|thumb|Umurwayi wari wagize ihungabana rya dementiya.|184x184px]] [[Dosiye:Greg Stanton visits Second Chance Animal Trauma Hospital 01.jpg|thumb|abaganga baganiriza abarwayi bafite ihungabana|168x168px]] Ubu bushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko mu bimenyetso by’ihungabana, aba bantu bakunda kugaragaza harimo agahinda kenshi gakunda kugendana n’ibimenyetso byo gushaka kwiyahura, kumva umuntu yataye agaciro muri we. == Tumenye igihe haba habayeho Ihungabana == [[Dosiye:Guteka jp.jpg|thumb|abafite ikibazo|314x314px]] Ihungabana ni ikibazo gihangayikisha uwo ryabayeho kimwe n’abamuzengurutse. Rikaba rifata umuntu nyuma yo guhura n’ibintu bibi cyane ku buryo birenga ubwenge bwe kubyakira no kubyihanganira. Akenshi rikunze gufata umuntu nyuma y’akarengane gakabije, gutotezwa, gukorerwa iyicarubozo, gufatwa ku ngufu, kwicirwa umuryango, kurokoka impanuka idasanzwe, n’ibindi.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/ihurizo-ku-ihungabana-rikomeje-kwibasira-urubyiruko-rwavutse-nyuma-ya-jenoside |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230304171810/https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/ihurizo-ku-ihungabana-rikomeje-kwibasira-urubyiruko-rwavutse-nyuma-ya-jenoside |archive-date=2023-03-04 |url-status=dead}}</ref>Uburyo abantu bahangana n’ihungabana buratandukanye, kuko no mu buzima busanzwe uko twakira ibitubayeho biranyuranye. Gusa nanone ni ikibazo gikosorwa kigashira nubwo kuri bamwe cyongera kikagaruka cyane cyane iyo bagize umwanya wo kwibuka ibyababayeho.<ref name=":0">https://umuryango.rw/ad-restricted/article/sobanukirwa-n-ihungabana-icyo-ari-cyo-n-uburyo-wafasha-umuntu-wahungabanye</ref>Hari ibimenyetso bitandukanye by’ihungabana; bimwe biba ku bantu ako kanya ikibazo kikimara kuba ibindi bikaza nyuma ya bya bihe bibi ndetse na nyuma y’imyaka bibaye.Nubwo bitaba bimwe ku bantu bose, ariko muri rusange ibimenyetso ni Kwiheba no kwigunga, agahinda n’umujinya bidasanzwe kandi biza vuba,Kunanirwa gusinzira no kugira icyo ukora,Gukomeza gutekereza ku byabaye bigatuma usa n’uri kubibona biba ako kanya.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/ihurizo-ku-ihungabana-rikomeje-kwibasira-urubyiruko-rwavutse-nyuma-ya-jenoside |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230304171810/https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/ihurizo-ku-ihungabana-rikomeje-kwibasira-urubyiruko-rwavutse-nyuma-ya-jenoside |archive-date=2023-03-04 |url-status=dead}}</ref>Aha benshi bamera nk’abari mu nzozi, ndetse agakora ibimenyetso byerekana ko hari ikintu kiri kumubaho. Niba wenda ari nk’impanuka yabaye ugasanga ari kwipfuka mu mutwe nk’aho hari ikigiye kumugwaho, niba yarafashwe ku ngufu ugasanga ari gusaza imigeri nk’uri kwiyama umuntu gutyo gutyo. == Ibindi bimeyetso k'Umuntu ufite Ihungabana == Twibutse ko ihungabana ritagera gusa ku wahuye n’ibyateye iryo hungabana ahubwo rishobora no kugera ku wabibwiwe nk’inkuru nuko yagerageza kwishyira muri iyo si byaberagamo nawe akagerwaho n’ihungabana. Umwana umenye ko nyina yafashwe ku ngufu, cyangwa se ko umubyeyi we yishwe atemaguwe, ashobora guhungabana nubwo byaba byarabaye adahari.Kuribwa umutwe,Kuribwa mu nda, kwituma impatwe cyangwa impiswi,Umunaniro udasanzwe,Kubira ibyuya no guteragura k’umutima.<ref name=":1">https://umutihealth.com/ihungabana/</ref>Umuntu ugaragaza ibi bimenyetso aba yagezweho n’ihungabana kandi aba akeneye kwitabwaho.Gusa ku bantu benshi ibi ntibimara igihe kinini. Nyamara nanone ku bandi usanga bitinda ndetse bamwe bagatangira kwiyahuza inzoga n’ibindi biyobyabwenge bibwira ko ahari ari bwo bari butuze, nyamara iyo bibashizemo barongera bagasubira uko bari bameze batarabinywa nuko aho gucyemura ikibazo ahubwo kikiyongera.<ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/ihungabana-ku-isonga-mu-bigishegesha-abarokotse-jenoside-yakorewe-abatutsi</ref>Icyakora nanone nubwo bamwe bagaragaza ibimenyetso byoroshye ndetse ugasanga kubaba hafi no kubaganiriza bibafasha kubisohokamo vuba, hari abandi usanga byafashe indi ntera bagakenera kwitabwaho birenze. == Uburyo wahangana ni Ihungabana == [[Dosiye:Osaka Phychiatric Medical Center.jpg|thumb|Ibitaro byita kubafite ihungabana nibindi bibazo byo mumutwe]] Hari uburyo bunyuranye bushobora kwifashishwa mu gufasha uwahuye n’ihungabana ndetse nawe ubwe ashobora kubukoresha akaba yakibonera igisubizo atiriwe yitabaza abandi.Mu gihe wahuye n’ihungabana utakaza icyizere cy’ejo hazaza kuko uba ubona ntacyo wasigariye. Ushobora kumva wanze ubuzima ndetse kubaho ntacyo bikumariye. Gusa abaganga, inshuti n’umuryango nibo ba mbere bazagufasha kwigaruramo icyizere no guhangana n’iryo hungabana. Nyamara mbere yuko ugendera ku byo bakubwira, ni wowe ubwawe ugomba kwifatira umwanzuro. Ni byiza ko umwanzuro ureba ubuzima bwawe ugira uruhare mu ifatwa ryawo.<ref name=":0" />Gerageza uganirize umuntu wizeye kandi uha agaciro ibyakubayeho. Ni byiza ko aba umuntu ushobora kugufasha kuko uko akumva anakuganiriza ni bumwe mu buryo buzagufasha kumva uruhutse. Ntakwiye kuba wa muntu uguca intege cyangwa ukwereka ko ibyawe byoroshye. Ntuzaganyire wa muntu uzahita akubwira ati: “nibe nawe, jyewe reka nkubwire ibyanjye”, “reka ndumva ibyo bidakanganye da”, n’ibindi kuko aho gutuma ukira ahubwo warushaho kuremba.<ref name=":1" />Rimwe na rimwe usanga uwahuye n’ihungabana nta muntu n’umwe aba afitiye icyizere. Ariko uko ugenda wubaka umubano n’abantu banyuranye bizarushaho kugufasha guhangana n’irungu bityo bigufashe kudaheranwa n’ihungabana. Shaka inshuti muzahuza kandi muzarambana, inshuti muzabana ubuzima bwose, mugasangira akabisi n’agahiye. Uko ugenda wongera ubusabane nabo niko bizagufasha kurushaho kumva ko utari wenyine kandi uryoherwe n’ubuzima buzaza. Ibi nibyo bizatuma utumva ko isi yarangiye cyangwa urumuri rwazimye. [[Dosiye:ABA 3.png|thumb|trauma]] == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Indwara]] [[Ikiciro:Ubuzima]] t4udlgd5bldefpcdvzj44eg329kdkcl 0 14767 148996 137432 2026-11-05T11:41:12Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 148996 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Guhinga.jpg|thumb|Umurimo]] [[Dosiye:Intebe zigezweho.jpg|thumb|Imirimo muri Rusange]] [[Dosiye:May Day 2012 (7135360303).jpg|thumb|Umunsi mpuza mahanga w'umurimo wizihizwa kua 1 Gicurasi burimwaka]] Ku itariki ya 1 Gicurasi buri mwaka, ni umunsi mpuzamahanga w’umurimo. Ni umwanya Isi yose irushaho kuzirikana ko umurimo n’ishoramari ari byo byonyine bibyara ubukungu, iyo bikoranwe ubwitange n’ubuhanga bya ngombwa. Uyu munsi wongeye kwizihizwa abakozi bo mu Rwanda bagihanze amaso Leta ibyerekeranye no kugena umushahara fatizo nk’uko itegeko rigenga umurimo ribivuga. == Ibyo wamenya ku Umusi mpuzamahanga w'Umurimo == Umunsi mpuzamahanga w’abakozi ufite inkomoko ku cyiswe “Haymarket affair”, iyi ikaba ari imyigaragambyo yabereye i Chicago mu 1886 aho abakozi baharaniraga ko amasaha y’akazi yagabanywa akava kuri 12 akagirwa umunani ku munsi.<ref name=":0">https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/utuntu-n-utundi/article/menya-impamvu-tariki-ya-1-gigurasi-yagizwe-umunsi-mpuzamahanga-w-umurimo</ref>Uyu munsi benshi bakunze kwita “May day” cyangwa (umunsi wa Gicurasi) waje kugirwa umunsi mpuzamahanga mu 1889 mu nama mpuzamahanga ya mbere yabereye i Paris mu Bufaransa.Iyi nama yari yatumijwe ivuga ku kinyejana cyari gishize habaye impinduramatwara, byahuriranye n’imurikabikorwa Mpuzamahanga ryagaragazaga ibikorwa by’indashyikirwa byagezweho mu nzego zitandukanye, yaba ikoranabuhanga, ubumenyi n’ubugeni.Ingingo ya 68 y’Itegeko rigenga Umurimo mu [[Rwanda]] ryo mu 2018, ivuga neza ko Iteka rya Minisitiri ufite umurimo mu nshingano ze rigena umushahara fatizo. Iyo ngingo yari no mu Itegeko rigenga Umurimo ryasimbuwe mu 2018 n’iririho ubu. Ryarinze risimburwa nta teka rya Minisitiri rigiyeho.Mu 2018, igihe Abadepite mu Nteko Ishinga Amategeko batoraga Itegeko rigenga umurimo mu [[Rwanda]] ririho ubu, basabye bakomeje ko Amateka ya Minisitiri arishyira mu bikorwa agomba guhita ajyaho.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |url=https://mobile.igihe.com/twinigure/ubibona-ute/article/umunsi-mpuzamahanga-w-umurimo-abakozi-bo-mu-rwanda-baracyategereje-umushahara |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230308130012/https://mobile.igihe.com/twinigure/ubibona-ute/article/umunsi-mpuzamahanga-w-umurimo-abakozi-bo-mu-rwanda-baracyategereje-umushahara |archive-date=2023-03-08 |url-status=dead}}</ref>Amenshi mu Mateka ya Minisitiri ashyira mu bikorwa iryo Tegeko yamaze kujyaho. Hari amateka abiri agitegerejwe : irigomba kugena ibyerekeranye n’imyandikire y’amasendika mu Rwanda, n’irigena umushahara fatizo hashingiwe ku byiciro binyuranye by’imirimo. [[Dosiye:May Day - Munkáspárt.jpg|thumb|Ibirori byo kwizihiza Umunsi mpuza mahanga w'umurimo cyangwa (May Day) ]] == Ibindi wamenya == Mu bihugu byinshi urwego rw’abakozi rwaharaniye ko tariki ya mbere Gicurasi yagirwa umunsi w’ikiruhuko bigerwaho, hakanibukwa abazize guharanira uburenganzira bw’abakozi mu myigaragambyo y’i Chicago.Uwo munsi wakomeje kuba umunsi ukomeye mu bihugu nk’u [[Ubushinwa|Bushinwa]], Koreya y’Amajyarugu, Cuba n’u [[Uburusiya|Burusiya]], aho hakorwa imihango ikomeye yo kuwizihiza muri ibyo bihugu.Muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za [[Amerika]] na [[Canada]] ho, uyu munsi wizihizwa byemewe mu kwezi kwa cyenda. Impamvu wizihizwa iyi tariki itandukanye n’inkomoko yawo igaturuka ko nyuma y’iyicwa ry’abigaragambyaga i Chicago, Perezida wa [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|Leta zunze Ubumwe za Amerika]], Grover Cleveland yatinye ko kwizihiza uyu munsi ku itariki nyiri izina byaba uburyo bwo gutuma hibukwa ubwicanyi bwabaye nk’aho bishwe na Leta, kuko bishwe na Polisi.Umunsi mpuzamhanga w’abakozi wizihizwa byemewe n’amategeko tariki ya mbere Gicurasi buri mwaka mu bihugu birenga 80 harimo n’u Rwanda.<ref name=":0" />Mu [[Rwanda]], hatangwa ikiruhuko ku bakozi, hakanatoranywa umukozi wakoze neza kurusha abandi muri uwo mwaka mu bigo bimwe na bimwe akabishimirwa.Ntawe utabona iterambere u [[Rwanda]] rukomeza kugeraho, mu bikorwaremezo, muri za serivisi, mu mibereho myiza, mu bucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro n’ibindi. Ibyo byose ntibyajyaga gushoboka hatabayeho imbaraga, ubwitange n’ubunyamwuga by’abakozi.Habaye hariho utekereza ko atari ngombwa guha abakozi agahimbazamusyi, kubera ko nyine basanzwe batanga umusaruro ushimishije, byaba ari ukwibeshya, kuko niba uyu munsi baharanira kuzuza inshingano zabo, byaba akarusho ku bigo bakoramo no ku gihugu abo bakozi baramutse babihembewe, bakabishimirwa uko bikwiriye.<ref name=":1" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] a8nm1l3085dwb5ms0jietmfcfak77zp 0 14851 148968 140220 2026-11-05T05:42:01Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 148968 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lucas Telly Diallo''' (yavutse ku ya 13 Nyakanga 1996) ni umukinnyi wa jido ukomoka muri Burkinafaso uhatanira mu icyiciro cya batarengeje ibiro 73&nbsp;.<ref>{{Cite web |title=En Route Pour Tokyo 2021 : Lucas Telly DIALLO, judoka Burkinabè à la découverte des Jeux Olympiques |url=https://www.sports.gov.bf/detail?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=176&cHash=d0a615c6fede9120c83b64d8d0239147 |access-date=2023-03-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230309132056/https://www.sports.gov.bf/detail?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=176&cHash=d0a615c6fede9120c83b64d8d0239147 |archive-date=2023-03-09 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Yatoranijwe guhatanira Burkina Faso mumikino yabaye muri 2020 yabereye i Tokiyo. Yanganyije umukino we wa mbere na Cedric Bessi wa Monaco. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Judo DIALLO Lucas - Tokyo 2020 Olympics |url=https://olympics.com/tokyo-2020/olympic-games/en/results/judo/athlete-profile-n1287376-diallo-lucas.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210724075154/https://olympics.com/tokyo-2020/olympic-games/en/results/judo/athlete-profile-n1287376-diallo-lucas.htm |archive-date=2021-07-24 |access-date=2021-07-24 |website=Olympics.com/tokyo-2020/ |publisher=[[Tokyo Organising Committee of the Olympic and Paralympic Games]] |language=en-us}}</ref> == Reba == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi uterura ibiremereye]] q6r6vnxneg7e4uf2sziq487i56sa8d2 0 15205 148923 142382 2026-11-04T23:48:15Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 148923 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Grace Bakari''' (wavutse ku ya 27 Mata 1954) ni umukinnyi wo gusiganwa wabigize umwuga ukomoka mu gihugu cya Gana. Yitabiriye amarushanwa ya metero 4 × 400 mu bagore mu mikino Olempike yo mu 1984 . <ref>https://www.investiraucameroun.com/gestion-publique/0203-19098-tourisme-le-cameroun-plaide-en-europe-pour-le-sauvetage-des-activites-dans-l-extreme-nord-apres-boko-haram</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://footamateur.letelegramme.fr/13286998/football-cotes-d-armor-l-equipe-type-du-week-end-14/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230313194957/https://footamateur.letelegramme.fr/13286998/football-cotes-d-armor-l-equipe-type-du-week-end-14/ |archive-date=2023-03-13 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>https://mondialsport.ci/ligue-1-lonaci-19e-j-grace-a-un-kramo-aubin-en-feu-l-asec-renverse-l-usc-bassam-et-conforte-sa-place-de-leader-21575.sport</ref><ref>https://mondialsport.ci/ligue-1-lonaci-19e-j-grace-a-un-kramo-aubin-en-feu-l-asec-renverse-l-usc-bassam-et-conforte-sa-place-de-leader-21575.sport</ref><ref>https://afrique.le360.ma/economie/cote-divoire-la-haute-autorite-de-la-bonne-gouvernance-renforce-son-systeme-de-securite-de_GS6NXXEAAJHFNIRN43A52ZHDXI/</ref><ref>https://www.lavoixdunord.fr/1298171/article/2023-03-03/derby-ligue-1-retour-sur-les-derniers-lens-lille-au-sommet-bollaert</ref><ref>https://www.alwihdainfo.com/Cameroun-les-Etats-Unis-lancent-un-projet-de-formation-en-resilience-communautaire-dans-l-Extreme-Nord_a121365.html</ref><ref>https://www.alwihdainfo.com/Cameroun-les-Etats-Unis-lancent-un-projet-de-formation-en-resilience-communautaire-dans-l-Extreme-Nord_a121365.html</ref><ref>https://www.nofi.media/2023/03/nubia-la-jumelle-de-wonder-woman/82330</ref><ref>https://www.meritalk.com/articles/army-utilizing-ai-to-train-workforce-develop-models/</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://afrique.latribune.fr/entreprises/services/transport-logistique/2023-02-21/mobilite-urbaine-au-benin-mauto-electrise-le-marche-des-taxis-motos-952676.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-13 |archive-date=2023-03-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230313194957/https://afrique.latribune.fr/entreprises/services/transport-logistique/2023-02-21/mobilite-urbaine-au-benin-mauto-electrise-le-marche-des-taxis-motos-952676.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.goutemesdisques.com/news/article/quand-bakari-parle-dherbe-ce-nest-pas-pour-la-frime/</ref><ref>https://raplume.eu/article/maes-tif-a2h-j9ueve-les-projets-de-la-semaine-du-10-03-2023-10/</ref><ref>https://wcfcourier.com/news/local/govt-and-politics/creighton-smith-wins-ward-4-waterloo-city-council-seat-with-74-of-the-vote/article_d32d7e17-a407-5591-9692-bf2d3f5361df.html</ref><ref>https://www.rtbf.be/article/dix-talents-ardents-et-plus-a-glisser-dans-vos-tympans-11147244</ref><ref>https://www.rtbf.be/article/dix-talents-ardents-et-plus-a-glisser-dans-vos-tympans-11147244</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/tanzania/news/national/nape-government-supports-freedom-of-speech-4126194 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-13 |archive-date=2023-03-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230313194956/https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/tanzania/news/national/nape-government-supports-freedom-of-speech-4126194 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.africatopsports.com/2022/11/25/mondial-2022-ghana-critique-pour-sa-celebration-a-la-ronaldo-bakari-sexplique/</ref><ref>https://www.rfi.fr/fr/podcasts/les-t%C3%AAtes-d-affiches-de-denise-epot%C3%A9/20221009-shegun-adjadi-bakari-et-tamarah-moutotekema-boussamba</ref><ref>https://raplume.eu/article/1plike140/</ref><ref>https://www.leparisien.fr/seine-saint-denis-93/double-assassinat-a-stains-un-petit-soulagement-apres-le-retour-en-detention-du-cerveau-presume-26-01-2023-6TMAM3YCIBDHJH2VSRFV2MKVGU.php</ref><ref>https://www.maliweb.net/societe/justice/lutte-contre-la-corruption-et-la-delinquance-financiere-bakari-togola-defie-a-nouveau-la-justice-la-malienne-2992801.html</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.fredericknewspost.com/news/community_page_news/crestwood-middle-school-first-term-honor-roll/article_961fd12e-d87c-5db5-a8be-a68deb02ff1b.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230313194957/https://www.fredericknewspost.com/news/community_page_news/crestwood-middle-school-first-term-honor-roll/article_961fd12e-d87c-5db5-a8be-a68deb02ff1b.html |archive-date=2023-03-13 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Reba == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa Gana]] 5axk62mfunldiesu5zqjja50vz6gw3t 0 15317 148907 146238 2026-11-04T19:40:52Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 148907 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Dan_Hadani_collection_(990044370150205171).jpg|thumb|Umukino wa Judo '''Ahmed Baly akina muri africa''' ]] '''Ahmed Baly''' (wavutse ku ya 3 Gashyantare 1976) ni umukinnyi ukina imikino ya jido ukomoka mu Misiri. <ref>https://www.entrepreneur.com/en-ae/news-and-trends/iraqs-first-independent-technology-fund-launched-through/447438</ref><ref>https://gulfnews.com/expo-2020/news/watch-novartis-unveils-new-frontiers-in-cell-and-gene-therapy-at-expo-2020-dubai-1.83221032</ref><ref>https://www.wamda.com/2022/08/iraqi-islamic-bank-partners-msa-novo-fund-tech-focused-startups</ref><ref>https://www.wamda.com/2022/08/iraqi-islamic-bank-partners-msa-novo-fund-tech-focused-startups</ref><ref>https://www.thedailyherald.sx/islands/joint-court-refrained-from-reappointing-cbcs-chair</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.gwinnettdailypost.com/sports/touchdown-club-of-gwinnett-honors-best-in-high-school-football-from-the-2022-season/article_7aba8d7c-7cfa-11ed-a1da-4b0a76d3c623.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230316163509/https://www.gwinnettdailypost.com/sports/touchdown-club-of-gwinnett-honors-best-in-high-school-football-from-the-2022-season/article_7aba8d7c-7cfa-11ed-a1da-4b0a76d3c623.html |archive-date=2023-03-16 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>https://www.gwinnettdailypost.com/sports/2022-gwinnett-daily-post-all-county-football/article_a62a8c70-86ee-11ed-94a0-17b2355bb290.html</ref><ref>https://www.gwinnettprepsports.com/sports/all-region-7-aaaaaaa-football-team-announced/article_51779df3-d2b3-5183-b743-673bbf39d258.html</ref><ref>https://www.thedailyherald.sx/islands/rogers-replaces-dennis-on-central-bank-board</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ca.milesplit.com/meets/485823-usatf-junior-olympic-championship-2022/results |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230316163505/https://ca.milesplit.com/meets/485823-usatf-junior-olympic-championship-2022/results |archive-date=2023-03-16 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>https://www.nature.com/articles/s42003-022-04008-1</ref> == Ibyagezweho == {| class="wikitable" !Umwaka ! Irushanwa ! Ikibanza ! Icyiciro cy'ibiro |- | 2000 | Amarushanwa yo muri Afurika ya Judo | align="center" bgcolor="cc9966" | Icya gatatu | Ibiro biremereye (+100&nbsp;kg) |- | 1998 | Amarushanwa yo muri Afurika ya Judo | align="center" bgcolor="silver" | Icya kabiri | Ibiro biremereye (+100&nbsp;kg) |} == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa Misiri]] jywe41g2vcb8r1oo0klac5nx4kp22qe 0 15518 148916 146674 2026-11-04T21:29:53Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 148916 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:COP26 Logo.svg|thumb|Ikirango cy'inama ya COP 26.]] '''COP26''' ni inama y’ibihugu byunze ubumwe ku Isi ku bijyanye n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere n’uburyo ibihugu byitegura guhangana nabyo. Mu 2020, Iyi nama yagombaga kubera i Glasgow, abayobozi barenga 200 ku isi ni bo bagombaga kuyitabira, ariko igihe  coronavirusi yugarizaga Isi , byose byarahindutse, iyi nama ntiyaba.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://panorama.rw/cop-26-ni-iki-kandi-kubera-iki-izabera-i-glasgow/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-21 |archive-date=2023-03-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321203041/https://panorama.rw/cop-26-ni-iki-kandi-kubera-iki-izabera-i-glasgow/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/amakuru-58910329</ref> == Imiterere nuko ikora == [[Dosiye:Armen Sarkissian attends the 2021 United Nations Climate Change Conference (1).jpg|thumb|Uko inama ya COP26 yari iteguwe hagaragazwa ikirango cyayo gikubiyemo ibiikoresho bidahungabanya ibidukikije.]] Inama ya COP26 izahuza  impande zitandukanye  kugira ngo yihutishe ibikorwa  biri mu  ntego z’amasezerano y’i Paris n’amasezerano y’Umuryango w’Abibumbye y’imihindagurikire y’ibihe ikaba yitabirwa n’ibihugu byashyize umukono ku masezerano y’Umuryango w’Abibumbye y’imihindagurikire y’ikirere (UNFCCC), amasezerano yemejwe mu 1994.<ref name=":0" /> Iyi nama yabaye mu mwaka wa 2021 yabaye ku nshuro ya  26, ni yo mpamvu yitwa COP26. Yabereye mu mujyi wa Glasgow, muri Ecosse, hagati ya 31 Ukwakira na 12 Ugushyingo 2021, kuri iyi nshuro ikaba yarayobowe n’Ubwami bw’U Bwongereza Inama iheruka kuba ku nshuro ya 25 yabereye muri Espagne mu mujyi wa Madrid mu Gushyingo 2019. Inama ya COP 25 yabereye i Madrid yarangiye igaragaje  ibibazo byinshi bitarakemuka, ariko hakorwa amasezerano yerekeye  kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere irimo a dioxyde de carbone – gaze itera ubushyuhe  bwinshi ku Isi.<ref name=":0" /> Buri gihugu cyemeye gushyiraho gahunda yo kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere mu nama itaha izabera i Glasgow. Nkuko biri mu masezerano ya Paris [[Dosiye:Signing of the Edinburgh Declaration.jpg|thumb|Mu gihe cyo gusinya amasezerano i Edinburgh, asinywa na Minisitiri Angus Robertson na Eleni Kounalakis.]] Amasezerano y’i Paris ni amasezerano mpuzamahanga yo guhangana n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere, yemeranijwe n’abayobozi mu 2015  ubwo ibihugu 195 byitabiraga COP21 i Paris. === Icyo amasezerano y'i Paris avuga === * Kugabanya ingano y’imyuka yangiza yoherezwa mu kirere  hakorwa ndetse ingufu zisubiramo harimo nk izikomoka ku muyaga, ku zuba n’ibindi… * Kugumisha izamuka ry’ubushyuhe bw’isi  yose  “munsi” ya 2⁰C (3.6F) no kugerageza kubugabanya bukagera kuri  1.5⁰C * Kongera gusuzuma intambwe imaze guterwa kuri aya masezerano buri myaka itanu * Gusohora  miliyari 100 z’amadolari buri mwaka mu bijyanye n’ishoramari mu by’ ikirere kugira ngo rifashe ibihugu bikennye  kugeza 2020, no kwiyemeza kongera aya mafaranga mu kurushaho mu gutera inkunga  ibikorwa byo kurwanya ihindagurika ry’ikirere mu gihe kizaza.<ref name=":0" /><ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/amakuru-58910329</ref> == Ibindi == [[Dosiye:Only planet with parmigiana - Fridays for Future pre-COP26 Milano, Lombardy, Italy - 2021-10-01.jpg|thumb|Abaturage bari kuzamura ijwi ryabo basaba ko hafatwa ingamba zo kurengera ibidukikije.]] N’ubwo ibihugu biri mu nzira y’amajyambere birimo n’u Rwanda bifite uruhare ruto mu nkomoko y’iki kibazo (Munsi ya 0,01% gusa by’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere ku isi byoherezwa n’u Rwanda), ibi bihugu biri mu byugarijwe cyane n’ingaruka z’ihindagurika ry’ikirere. Ubwiyongere bukabije bw’imvura bukomeje kwangiriza bikomeye Abanyarwanda.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |url=https://mobile.igihe.com/twinigure/ubibona-ute/article/cop26-inama-y-ingenzi-ku-rwanda-no-ku-isi |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321203037/https://mobile.igihe.com/twinigure/ubibona-ute/article/cop26-inama-y-ingenzi-ku-rwanda-no-ku-isi |archive-date=2023-03-21 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Ingaruka z’ibi zirigaragaza mu gihugu cyacu. Aha twavuga nk’izuba ryinshi mu Burasirazuba no mu Majyepfo y’Uburasirazuba bw’igihugu, imyuzure mu Majyaruguru n’Amajyepfo, isuri, ndetse n’inkangu mu Burengerazuba nk’iziherutse kwibasira akarere ka Nyamasheke mu ntangiriro z’uyu mwaka. Niba nta mpinduka zigaragara zikozwe mu maguru mashya, izi ngaruka z’imihindagurikire y’ikirere zizakomeza kongera ubukana. By’amahire, nta rirarenga ngo hakorwe impinduka zishobora kurokora ubuzima bw’abatuye isi ndetse zigakumira iyangirika rikomeye ry’umubumbe dutuye.<ref name=":1" /> == Reba == * == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} 5e1pkplnawhzk20ijns0j6rc2zlzghk 0 15601 148958 134667 2026-11-05T05:05:02Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 148958 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kelechi Isezerano Nwanaga''' (wavutse 24 Ukuboza 1997) ni umukinnyi akaba umutera wa Nijeriya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=https://wrs-ag2019g.mev.atos.net/eng/at/engat_athletics-results-women-s-javelin-throw-1-01.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190829040922/https://wrs-ag2019g.mev.atos.net/eng/at/engat_athletics-results-women-s-javelin-throw-1-01.htm |archive-date=29 August 2019 |access-date=29 August 2019}}</ref> Kelechi Nwanaga Nkumuto yatsindiye umudari wa feza muri Shampiyona ny'afurika yabato 2015 . Yatsindiye umudari wa zahabu mu mikino nyafurika ya 2015, yegukana umwanya wa kane muri Shampiyona nyafurika ya 2016, uwa gatandatu mu mikino ya bavua icyongereza 2018, yegukana umudari wa zahabu muri Shampiyona nyafurika ya 2018 anarinda umudari wa zahabu mu mikino ny'afurika ya 2019 . <ref name="athletics_results_book_african_games_2019">{{Cite web |title=2019 African Games – Athletics – Results Book |url=https://wrs-ag2019g.mev.atos.net/resJA2019/pdf/JA2019/AT/JA2019_AT_C99_AT0000000.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190901063534/https://wrs-ag2019g.mev.atos.net/resJA2019/pdf/JA2019/AT/JA2019_AT_C99_AT0000000.pdf |archive-date=1 September 2019 |access-date=7 September 2019}}</ref> Nwanaga ku giti cye ni metero 58.15, yagezweho muri Nyakanga 2017 muri Ozoro, ashyiraho amateka mashya ya Nigeriya . <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.makingofchamps.com/2022/12/10/enekwechi-nwanaga-set-shot-put-javelin-festival-records/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230322225143/https://www.makingofchamps.com/2022/12/10/enekwechi-nwanaga-set-shot-put-javelin-festival-records/ |archive-date=2023-03-22 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://seminoles.com/nwanaga-odiong-capture-fsu-all-time-performances/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-22 |archive-date=2023-03-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230322165042/https://seminoles.com/nwanaga-odiong-capture-fsu-all-time-performances/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.vanguardngr.com/2018/07/asaba-2018-aac-nwanaga-targets-javelin-gold/</ref><ref>https://www.athletics.africa/news/africa/nigeria/nwanaga-shatters-nigerian-javelin-record-at-warri-relays-and-caa-grand-prix-12479</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.brila.net/nwanaga-shatters-nigerian-javelin-record-at-warri-relays-and-caa-grand-prix/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-22 |archive-date=2023-03-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230322170546/https://www.brila.net/nwanaga-shatters-nigerian-javelin-record-at-warri-relays-and-caa-grand-prix/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://seminoles.com/nwanaga-takes-javelin-title-at-tiger-track-classic/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-22 |archive-date=2023-03-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230322165044/https://seminoles.com/nwanaga-takes-javelin-title-at-tiger-track-classic/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.busybuddiesng.com/warri-relays-wrap-nwanaga-smashes-15-year-old-nigerian-record-in-javelin/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-22 |archive-date=2023-03-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230322165043/https://www.busybuddiesng.com/warri-relays-wrap-nwanaga-smashes-15-year-old-nigerian-record-in-javelin/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Reba == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa Nigeriya]] scd8vd2fxtcrp587uigeqhchsjanf25 0 15735 148924 110023 2026-11-04T23:52:53Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 148924 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Parc Coeur Nature 030.jpg|thumb]] Ifatwa neza Ry'ubutaka Bukikije Ibishanga leta [[Rwanda|y'urwanda]] Yafashe iyambere mukurinda isuri nitwarwa Ry'ubutaka bafata ingamba zo gutera imigano kunkengero zibishanga bitandukanye mu gihugu [https://web.archive.org/web/20230320090523/https://www.environment.gov.rw/news-detail/minisiteri-yibidukikije-yiyemeje-kongera-ubuso-buteyeho-imigano-mu-rwego-rwo-kurwanya-isuri-no-guteza-imbere-ibikorerwa-mu-rwanda] [[Dosiye:Bamboo zone.jpg|thumb|Imigano]] Akamaro [[Imigano|kimigano]] Leta y'urwanda Yafashe ingamba zo gutera imigano [https://mobile.igihe.com/ibidukikije/article/hatangijwe-umushinga-wo-gutera-imigano-izajya-itunganywa-ikabyazwamo-ibindi] kunkengero z'ibishanga bitandukanye Mumujyii cyangwa Munkengero zu Mujyi Murwego rwo gufata ubutaka no gushaka umusoruro uva mu biti byi imigano.[https://www.kigalitoday.com/ibidukikije/ibungabunga/article/menya-byinshi-ku-kamaro-k-imigano-inaribwa] == Reba Ibirushijeho. == https://web.archive.org/web/20230320090523/https://www.environment.gov.rw/news-detail/minisiteri-yibidukikije-yiyemeje-kongera-ubuso-buteyeho-imigano-mu-rwego-rwo-kurwanya-isuri-no-guteza-imbere-ibikorerwa-mu-rwanda https://mobile.igihe.com/ibidukikije/article/hatangijwe-umushinga-wo-gutera-imigano-izajya-itunganywa-ikabyazwamo-ibindi https://www.kigalitoday.com/ibidukikije/ibungabunga/article/menya-byinshi-ku-kamaro-k-imigano-inaribwa lm8a8isnq5f8lw367zae5mbxdipbubb 0 15777 148933 108822 2026-11-05T01:24:53Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 148933 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Igishanga mubihe byimvura.jpg|thumb|Kubungabunga ibishanga birinda ibinyabuzima bibamo]] [[Dosiye:Igishanga mu Rwanda,.jpg|thumb|Igishanga]] Ibishanga [[Kigali wetlands relocations|by'ikigali]] Birigutunganywa ngo bishyirwemo ibinyabuzima bitandukanye byiganjemo ibiguruka byari bitangiye kuzimira. == Akamaro k'ibinyabuzima. == Buri mwaka kwi Taliki 05 Kanama [https://web.archive.org/web/20250126104953/https://www.environment.gov.rw/news-detail/abanyarwanda-barakangurirwa-kubungabunga-urusobe-rw-ibinyabuzima] isi yizihiza umunsi mpuzamahanga wahariwe urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima. Ibinyabuzima biba mubishanga nsetse nahandi handi bifasha mugutuma ikirere gisa neza nsetse nugufasha isi ikomeza kuba nziza.[https://www.kigalitoday.com/ibidukikije/ibungabunga/article/urusobe-rw-ibinyabuzima-rutabungabunzwe-uko-bikwiye-abantu-bashiraho-burundu-impuguke] == Ibinyabuzima biba mubishanga. == Urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima biba mubishanga Harimo imisambi. Ibicyeri,Imitubu inyoni zitandukanye. == Reba. == == https://www.kigalitoday.com/ibidukikije/ibungabunga/article/urusobe-rw-ibinyabuzima-rutabungabunzwe-uko-bikwiye-abantu-bashiraho-burundu-impuguke == https://web.archive.org/web/20250126104953/https://www.environment.gov.rw/news-detail/abanyarwanda-barakangurirwa-kubungabunga-urusobe-rw-ibinyabuzima 8htvwv9h19dztad58xmsudz5ed04dee 0 15801 148991 135193 2026-11-05T11:01:31Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 148991 wikitext text/x-wiki Ubusitani bwa Primature buherereye mu Murenge wa Kimihurura, hagati ya Rwanda Revenue Authority, MINAFFET , Primature na MINADEF. Ni ahantu hagari hajya habera ibirori bitandukanye nk’ibitaramo, ubukwe n’ibindi.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://mobile.igihe.com/ubukungu/ubucuruzi/ubusitani-bwa-primature-bugiye-kwegurirwa-abikorera-ku-giti-cyabo.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230327092733/https://mobile.igihe.com/ubukungu/ubucuruzi/ubusitani-bwa-primature-bugiye-kwegurirwa-abikorera-ku-giti-cyabo.html |archive-date=2023-03-27 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} e8udi1p3eewgpcfrqvvh7vgch7ka3ek 0 15851 148937 147701 2026-11-05T01:59:52Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 148937 wikitext text/x-wiki Ikibaya cya Bugarama gifite ubuso busaga hegitari 1500 buhingwamo umuceri.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubuhinzi/ubuhinzi/article/basuye-igishanga-cya-bugarama-ngo-bige-uko-babungabunga-amazi-yuhira-umuceri</ref> == Ibindi == Igishanga cya Bugarama ni kimwe mu binini biri mu Rwanda bikorerwaho ubuhinzi, aho kingana na hegitari 1 500. Umusaruro w’abahinzi bo muri iki gishanga ugurwa n’inganda enye zitonora umuceri<ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/bugarama-abahinzi-b-umuceri-bakeneshejwe-n-umusaruro-wabo-utaraguzwe</ref> Mu kibaya cya Bugarama ni hamwe mu hakunze gukorerwa imirimo y’ubucuruzi bunyuranye kandi bukitabirwa n’abanyamahanga barimo n’abo mu gihugu cy’u Burundi na Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://mobile.igihe.com/ubukungu/ishoramari/abaturiye-ikibaya-cya-bugarama-bashyizeho-sosiyete-y-ishoramari |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328140158/https://mobile.igihe.com/ubukungu/ishoramari/abaturiye-ikibaya-cya-bugarama-bashyizeho-sosiyete-y-ishoramari |archive-date=2023-03-28 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} silm6p8bh285s0wvzu7dndg1bgstcte 0 16103 148992 141346 2026-11-05T11:09:05Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 148992 wikitext text/x-wiki Ubuvumo bwa Nyakavumu buherereye mu Mudugudu wa Kigarama, Akagari ka Bisesero, Umurenge wa Mubuga, [[Akarere ka Karongi]], [[Intara]] y’Iburengerazuba.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/ubuvumo-bwa-nyakavumu-buracyabitse-imibiri-y-abazize-jenoside |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-04-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407142206/http://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/ubuvumo-bwa-nyakavumu-buracyabitse-imibiri-y-abazize-jenoside |archive-date=2023-04-07 |url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Dosiye:Burera_cave.jpg|thumb|Ubuvumo bwo mu burengerezuba ]] == Amateka == Ubu buvumo bukekwa ko bwaguyemo abantu bagera kuri 200 bazize Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri Mata 1994, buracyabitse imibiri y’aba bantu, nubwo bwose hakomeje igikorwa cyo kuyikuramo. Ubuvumo bwa Nyakavumu ni burebure kandi bufite amakona imbere, bityo gutaburura imibiri ari igikorwa kigomba ubuhanga n’ubushobozi.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/ubuvumo-bwa-nyakavumu-buracyabitse-imibiri-y-abazize-jenoside |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-04-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407142206/http://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/ubuvumo-bwa-nyakavumu-buracyabitse-imibiri-y-abazize-jenoside |archive-date=2023-04-07 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} 451x5dddg219ehlyzm77zdl8yrq1dk8 0 16647 148981 143559 2026-11-05T08:43:30Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 148981 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Marcia Fudge - We Can Do It.jpg|thumb|SWEDD yarigamije kwereka abagore ko bafite ubushobozi buhagije kugirango biteze imbere|138x138px]] [[Dosiye:Isabella Lövin signing climate law referral.jpg|thumb|143x143px|Abagore ]] '''projet pour l’autonomisation des femmes et le dividende démographique au Sahel, (Umushinga wo kwitana k'ubushobozi bw’umugore wa Sahel)''', uzwi kandi ku magambo ahinnye y'Icyongereza, '''SWEDD''' (Sahel Empowerment and Demographics), watangijwe mu Gushyingo 2015 bisabwe n’ibihugu birindwi byo mu karere ka Sahel aribyo: [[Bene]], [[Burukina Faso]], [[Kote Divuwari]], [[Mali]], [[Moritaniya|Maritaniya]], [[Nigeri]] na [[cade]] . Intego yayo ni uguteza imbere ubushobozi bw’umugore n’abakobwa n'abangavu, ndetse no kunoza uburyo bwo kubona serivisi nziza z’imyororokere, iy'ababyeyi n’abana. Uyu mushinga wungukira ku nkunga y'amafaranga yatanzwe na Banki y'Isi, inkunga ya tekiniki y'Ikigega cy'Umuryango w'Abibumbye gishinzwe abaturage (UNFPA) n'Umuryango w'Abibumbye wita ku Buzima (OOAS). Icyifuzo cyayo muri rusange ni kwihutisha iterambere ry’abaturage, kubyaza inyungu z’abaturage no kugabanya ubusumbane bw’uburinganire mu karere ka Sahel. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Le SWEDD en action |url=https://www.banquemondiale.org/fr/data/interactive/2019/09/17/swedd-in-action |access-date=2023-06-03 |website=World Bank |language=fr}}</ref> ^, <ref name=":4"/> ^, <ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title=Mise en œuvre du projet SWEDD-BENIN : Le Gouvernement met en formation 1.200 adolescentes et filles jeunes déscolarisées |url=https://www.gouv.bj/actualite/1887/mise-oeuvre-projet-swedd-benin-gouvernement-formation-1.200-adolescentes-filles-jeunes-descolarisees/ |access-date=2023-06-03 |website=Gouvernement de la République du Bénin |language=fr}}</ref> ^, <ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-12-10 |title=Projet SWEED : un appui salutaire pour l'éducation des filles |url=https://www.education.gov.bf/informations/actualites/articles?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=174&cHash=9b5f1d59d4b88961dbb24699f9874d21 |access-date=2023-06-03 |website=Ministère de L'Education Nationale, de l'Alphabétisation et de la Promotion des Langues Nationales |language=fr |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603063243/https://www.education.gov.bf/informations/actualites/articles?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=174&cHash=9b5f1d59d4b88961dbb24699f9874d21 |archive-date=2023-06-03 |url-status=dead}}</ref> ^, <ref>{{Cite web |last=administrator |date=2022-04-22 |title=MEFP/ SWEED 2 : le Comité National de Pilotage du Projet approuve un budget de 18 millions de Dollars US pour 2022 en faveur de l’Autonomisation des femmes et du Dividende Démographique. {{!}} MEFP GUINEE |url=https://mefp.gov.gn/2022/04/22/mefp-sweed-2-le-comite-national-de-pilotage-du-projet-approuve-un-budget-de-18-millions-de-dollars-us-pour-2022-en-faveur-de-lautonomisation-des-femmes-et-du-dividende-demographique/ |access-date=2023-06-03 |language=fr-FR |archive-date=2023-06-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603184047/https://mefp.gov.gn/2022/04/22/mefp-sweed-2-le-comite-national-de-pilotage-du-projet-approuve-un-budget-de-18-millions-de-dollars-us-pour-2022-en-faveur-de-lautonomisation-des-femmes-et-du-dividende-demographique/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ^, <ref>{{Cite web |title=SWEDD Côte d’Ivoire : Les bénéficiaires de Bazré (Sinfra) évalués sur les acquis du projet |url=https://solidarite.gouv.ci/actualite/actudetail/swedd-cte-d-ivoire-les-bnficiaires-de-bazr-sinfra-valus-sur-les-acquis-du-projet239 |access-date=2023-06-03 |website=solidarite.gouv.ci |language=fr}}</ref> ^, <ref name=":6">{{Cite web |title=PHASE II DU PROJET SWEDD : 800 000 JEUNES FILLES ET FEMMES A RISQUE CIBLEES SUR LA PERIODE 2021-2024 EN COTE D'IVOIRE |url=http://www.gouv.ci/_actualite-article.php?recordID=13384 |access-date=2023-06-03 |website=GOUV.CI}}</ref> ^, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Contexte du projet |url=https://sweddchad.org/presentation/contexte-du-projet/ |access-date=2023-06-03 |website=SWEDD TCHAD |language=fr-FR}}</ref> ^, <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-03-24 |title=Le dividende démographique pour un développement durable au Sahel |url=https://unowas.unmissions.org/fr/le-dividende-d%C3%A9mographique-pour-un-d%C3%A9veloppement-durable-au-sahel |access-date=2023-06-03 |website=UNOWAS |language=fr |archive-date=2023-06-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603184047/https://unowas.unmissions.org/fr/le-dividende-d%C3%A9mographique-pour-un-d%C3%A9veloppement-durable-au-sahel |url-status=dead }}</ref> ^, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Le Bénin adhère au projet Swedd pour autonomiser les jeunes filles et femmes |url=http://ortb.bj/archives/index.php/info/item/9604-le-benin-adhere-au-projet-sweed-pour-autonomiser-les-jeunes-filles-et-femmes |access-date=2023-06-03 |website=ortb.bj |language=fr-fr |archive-date=2023-06-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603130352/https://www.ortb.bj/archives/index.php/info/item/9604-le-benin-adhere-au-projet-sweed-pour-autonomiser-les-jeunes-filles-et-femmes |url-status=dead }}</ref> ^, <ref>{{Cite web |last=https://www.facebook.com/cheikh.aidara.581?fref=ts |date=2020-02-04 |title=De la Phase 1 à la Phase 2, le Projet SWEDD passe à l’échelle supérieure |url=https://aidara.mondoblog.org/2020/02/04/de-la-phase-1-a-la-phase-2-le-projet-swedd-passe-a-lechelle-superieure/ |access-date=2023-06-03 |website=Thaqafa |language=fr-FR |archive-date=2023-06-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603184050/https://aidara.mondoblog.org/2020/02/04/de-la-phase-1-a-la-phase-2-le-projet-swedd-passe-a-lechelle-superieure/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ^, <ref name=":7">{{Cite web |title=SWEDD - Autonomisation des Femmes et Dividende Démographique au Sahel {{!}} Organisation Ouest Africaine de la Santé |url=https://www.wahooas.org/web-ooas/fr/projets/swedd-autonomisation-des-femmes-et-dividende-demographique-au-sahel |access-date=2023-06-03 |website=www.wahooas.org |archive-date=2023-06-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603193438/https://www.wahooas.org/web-ooas/fr/projets/swedd-autonomisation-des-femmes-et-dividende-demographique-au-sahel |url-status=dead }}</ref> ^, [13] ^, <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-01-09 |title=Autonomisation des Femmes et Dividende Démographique au Sahel – Education des Filles et Leadership Féminin |url=https://swedd.mr/wps/ |access-date=2023-06-03 |language=fr-FR |archive-date=2023-06-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603194941/https://swedd.mr/wps/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Informations {{!}}{{!}} MDC |url=https://developpement.gouv.bj/post/article/Synth%C3%A8se%20de%20l%E2%80%99atelier%20d%E2%80%99appropriation%20des%20interrelations%20entre%20les%20objectifs%20du%20projet%20SWEDD%20et%20le%20pilier%20%C2%AB%C2%A0Population%C2%A0%C2%BB%20des%20ODD |access-date=2023-06-03 |website=developpement.gouv.bj |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230601144631/https://developpement.gouv.bj/post/article/Synth%C3%A8se%20de%20l%E2%80%99atelier%20d%E2%80%99appropriation%20des%20interrelations%20entre%20les%20objectifs%20du%20projet%20SWEDD%20et%20le%20pilier%20%C2%AB%C2%A0Population%C2%A0%C2%BB%20des%20ODD |archive-date=2023-06-01 |url-status=dead}}</ref> ^, <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-08-19 |title=Autonomisation des Femmes : Le Projet SWEDD tient son Comité de Pilotage inaugural - MINEPAT Cameroun |url=https://minepat.gov.cm/fr/2022/08/19/autonomisation-des-femmes-le-projet-swedd-tient-son-comite-de-pilotage-inaugural/ |access-date=2023-06-03 |language=fr-FR}}</ref> ^, ^[ <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-03-24 |title=Le dividende démographique pour un développement durable au Sahel |url=https://unowas.unmissions.org/fr/le-dividende-d%C3%A9mographique-pour-un-d%C3%A9veloppement-durable-au-sahel |access-date=2023-06-03 |website=UNOWAS |language=fr |archive-date=2023-06-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603184047/https://unowas.unmissions.org/fr/le-dividende-d%C3%A9mographique-pour-un-d%C3%A9veloppement-durable-au-sahel |url-status=dead }}</ref> ^, ^[ <ref>{{Cite web |last=Fidelia |date=2020-04-01 |title=Le Comité National de Pilotage du projet SWEDD installé |url=https://partenariatouaga.org/le-comite-national-de-pilotage-du-projet-swedd-installe/ |access-date=2023-06-03 |website=Partenariat de Ouaga |language=fr-FR |archive-date=2023-06-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603193437/https://partenariatouaga.org/le-comite-national-de-pilotage-du-projet-swedd-installe/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ^, <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-02-11 |title=Le ministre des affaires économiques tient une réunion avec une mission conjointe pour soutenir du projet “SWEED” |url=https://ami.mr/fr/index.php/2022/02/11/Le-ministre-des-affaires-conomiques-tient-une-r-union-avec-une-mission-conjointe-pour-soutenir-du-projet-SWEED-/ |access-date=2023-06-03 |website=Agence mauritanienne d'information |language=fr-FR}}</ref> ^, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Mise en œuvre du projet Sweed au Bénin: Le gouvernement et l’Unfpa signent un accord-cadre |url=http://news.acotonou.com/h/123028.html |access-date=2023-06-03 |website=acotonou.com}}</ref> ^, <ref>{{Cite web |last=civinewsguinee |date=2022-04-26 |title=18 millions de dollars US approuvés pour démarrer les activités du Projet SWEED 2 en faveur de l’Autonomisation des femmes et du Dividende Démographique en Guinée. - CivinewsGuinee |url=https://civinewsguinee.com/18-millions-de-dollars-us-approuves-pour-demarrer-les-activites-du-projet-sweed-2-en-faveur-de-lautonomisation-des-femmes-et-du-dividende-demographique-en-guinee/ |access-date=2023-06-03 |language=fr-FR |archive-date=2023-06-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603193438/https://civinewsguinee.com/18-millions-de-dollars-us-approuves-pour-demarrer-les-activites-du-projet-sweed-2-en-faveur-de-lautonomisation-des-femmes-et-du-dividende-demographique-en-guinee/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> . == Intego == [[Dosiye:Ghanaian women protest.jpg|thumb|162x162px|Abagore mubukangurambaga]] Intego rusange yu mushinga wa SWEDD : ni ukunoza ubushobozi bw’umugore n’abakobwa n'abangavu, ndetse no kubona serivisi nziza z’imyororokere, abana n’ababyeyi. Igamije kandi gushimangira ubumenyi mu karere no gusangira ubumenyi, ndetse n'ubushobozi bw'akarere no guhuza ibikorwa . <ref name=":0"/> ^, <ref name=":5"/> ^, <ref name=":7"/> ^, <ref>{{Cite web |last=says |first=TOSSA Kénoudé Olouwachéhoun Gwladys |date=2020-10-14 |title=Séance d’information sur le projet SWEDD-Bénin |url=https://swedd.bj/2020/10/14/ladhesion-des-ongs-pour-un-accompagnement-qualitatif/ |access-date=2023-06-03 |website=SWEDD BENIN |language=fr-FR |archive-date=2023-06-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230602134833/https://swedd.bj/2020/10/14/ladhesion-des-ongs-pour-un-accompagnement-qualitatif/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ^, ^, <ref>{{Cite web |title=INITIATIVE SWEDD {{!}} AUTONOMISATION DES FEMMES ET DIVIDENDE DEMOGRAPHIQUE AU SAHEL |url=http://www.projetswedd.org/presentation_initiative/ |access-date=2023-06-03 |language=en |archive-date=2023-06-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603191052/http://www.projetswedd.org/presentation_initiative/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ^, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Projet d’Autonomisation des Femmes et du Dividende Démographique au Sahel |url=https://social.gouv.bj/swedd |access-date=2023-06-03 |website=Ministère des Affaires Sociales et de la Microfinance du Bénin |language=fr |archive-date=2023-06-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230602053551/https://social.gouv.bj/swedd |url-status=dead }}</ref> ^, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Projets de développements: Sahel Women's Empowerment and Demographics Project - P150080 |url=https://projects.banquemondiale.org/fr/projects-operations/project-detail/P150080 |access-date=2023-06-03 |website=World Bank |language=en}}</ref> ^, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Autonomisation des Femmes et du Dividende Démographique au Sahel (SWEDD) |url=https://beninrevele.bj/projet/46/autonomisation-femmes-dividende-demographique-sahel-swedd-/ |access-date=2023-06-03 |website=Programme d'Action du Gouvernement - République du Bénin |language=fr |archive-date=2023-06-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230602043912/https://beninrevele.bj/projet/46/autonomisation-femmes-dividende-demographique-sahel-swedd-/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ^, <ref>{{Cite web |title=ONG AUTRE VIE - swedd |url=https://ongautrevie.org/index.php/component/tags/tag/swedd |access-date=2023-06-03 |website=ongautrevie.org |archive-date=2023-06-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603193438/https://ongautrevie.org/index.php/component/tags/tag/swedd |url-status=dead }}</ref>, <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-28 |title=Projet Swedd-Bénin/Autonomisation des femmes et filles: Des milliers de filles dotées de kits de couture |url=https://matinlibre.com/2022/09/27/projet-swedd-benin-autonomisation-des-femmes-et-filles-des-milliers-de-filles-dotees-de-kits-de-couture/ |access-date=2023-06-03 |website=Matin Libre |language=fr-FR |archive-date=2023-06-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603193438/https://matinlibre.com/2022/09/27/projet-swedd-benin-autonomisation-des-femmes-et-filles-des-milliers-de-filles-dotees-de-kits-de-couture/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ^, <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-06-17 |title=Autonomisation des Femmes |url=https://www.sante.gov.bf/detail?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=216&cHash=54c5a1c0aedb938d9e7b08a46a60709e |access-date=2023-06-03 |website=Ministère de la Santé et de l’Hygiène Publique |language=fr |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603053753/https://www.sante.gov.bf/detail?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=216&cHash=54c5a1c0aedb938d9e7b08a46a60709e |archive-date=2023-06-03 |url-status=dead}}</ref> ^, <ref>{{Cite web |last=https://web.facebook.com/chamsdine.baguiri |date=2022-10-23 |title=Vulgarisation du projet Swedd-Bénin : les blogueurs formés pour plus d’impacts |url=https://kparonbaaru.mondoblog.org/vulgarisation-du-projet-swedd-benin-les-blogueurs-formes-pour-plus-dimpacts/ |access-date=2023-06-03 |website=Kparon Baaru |language=fr-FR |archive-date=2023-06-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603193440/https://kparonbaaru.mondoblog.org/vulgarisation-du-projet-swedd-benin-les-blogueurs-formes-pour-plus-dimpacts/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ^, ^[ <ref>{{Cite web |title=Chambre de Commerce et d'Industrie du Bénin {{!}} CCI Bénin |url=https://cci.bj/articles/158/sweed-benin-a-la-cci-benin-plaidoyer-sur-la-descolarisation-et-le-decrochage-scolaire-des-adolescentes-et-des-filles |access-date=2023-06-03 |website=cci.bj |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603193439/https://cci.bj/articles/158/sweed-benin-a-la-cci-benin-plaidoyer-sur-la-descolarisation-et-le-decrochage-scolaire-des-adolescentes-et-des-filles |archive-date=2023-06-03 |url-status=dead}}</ref> ^, <ref>{{Cite web |title=L'événement Précis – Éducation des filles et leadership féminin: L’exhortation du Projet SWEDD-Bénin à l’Institut national de la femme |url=https://levenementprecis.com/2021/11/18/education-des-filles-et-leadership-feminin-lexhortation-du-projet-swedd-benin-a-linstitut-national-de-la-femme/ |access-date=2023-06-03 |language=fr-FR |archive-date=2023-06-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603193438/https://levenementprecis.com/2021/11/18/education-des-filles-et-leadership-feminin-lexhortation-du-projet-swedd-benin-a-linstitut-national-de-la-femme/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ^, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Fanou |first=Ignace B. |date=2022-03-23 |title=SWEDD-Benin outille les producteurs de contenus à Possotomè |url=https://24haubenin.info/?SWEDD-Benin-outille-les-producteurs-de-contenus-a-Possotome |access-date=2023-06-03 |website=24 Heures au Bénin |language=fr}}</ref> ^, <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-11-09 |title=Côte d’Ivoire-AIP/ Les bénéficiaires du projet SWEDD à Bazré instruites sur la santé sexuelle et reproductive – AIP – Agence Ivoirienne de Presse de Côte d'Ivoire |url=https://www.aip.ci/cote-divoire-aip-les-beneficiaires-du-projet-swedd-a-bazre-instruites-sur-la-sante-sexuelle-et-reproductive/ |access-date=2023-06-03 |language=fr-FR |archive-date=2022-10-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221003012122/https://www.aip.ci/cote-divoire-aip-les-beneficiaires-du-projet-swedd-a-bazre-instruites-sur-la-sante-sexuelle-et-reproductive/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> . By'umwihariko, intego z'umushinga ni: * Iterambere rigera kuri bose, amakuru yubuzima n’imyororokere hongerwa ibyifuzo cyangwa serivisi by’imyororokere, iza b'abyeyi, umwana wavutse, n’ibicuruzwa hamwe n’ubuzima n’imirire. Ibi bikubiyemo guteza imbere impinduka mu mibereho no mu myitwarire, ndetse no guha imbaraga [[Umugore|abagore]] n’abakobwa n'abangavu. * [[Dosiye:Ghanaian Women weaving.jpg|thumb|173x173px|ubushobozi bwabagore mwiterambere]]Gukora ku buryo [[igihugu]] cyose gikora serivisi mu gushimangira ubushobozi bw’igihugu bwo gutanga ibicuruzwa n’inzobere zibishoboye mu bijyanye n’imyororokere, ubuzima bw’abana n’ababyeyi. * Guteza imbere ubwitange bwa politiki, kimwe no guteza imbere politiki n’ishoramari bijyanye n’inyungu z’abaturage. Ibi bishingiye kumuco wo kwerekana no gusangira ibisubizo. Umushinga SWEDD rero ugamije kuzamura ubuzima n’imibereho myiza y’abagore n’abakobwa bangavu, ndetse no guteza imbere iterambere rirambye mu karere. == Gushyira mu bikorwa == Ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry'umushinga SWEED rikorwa mu byiciro bibiri (02) : === Icyiciro cya 1 === Icyiciro cya mbere cyerekanye akamaro ko gushora imari mu kongerera ubushobozi abagore no guteza imbere imari y’abantu n'ingamba zo gukura mu iterambere <ref>{{Cite web |title=SWEDD EN ACTION {{!}} AUTONOMISATION DES FEMMES ET DIVIDENDE DEMOGRAPHIQUE AU SAHEL |url=http://www.projetswedd.org/swedd-en-action/ |access-date=2023-06-03 |language=en |archive-date=2023-06-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603192555/http://www.projetswedd.org/swedd-en-action/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ^, ^, <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Procurement Details |url=https://projects.worldbank.org/en/projects-operations/procurement-detail/OP00209502 |access-date=2023-06-03 |website=World Bank |language=en}}</ref> . === Icyiciro cya 2 === Icyiciro cya kabiri cy'umushinga SWEDD cyemejwe n'Inama y'Ubuyobozi ya Banki y'Isi muri Gicurasi 2020, mu kungukirwa n'inkunga y'inyongera ingana na miliyoni 376 z'amadolari, ahwanye na miliyari 188 yama FCFA. Iki cyiciro kigamije gukaza umurego ibikorwa biri gukorwa mu bihugu bigize uyu muryango nka Nigeri, Burkina Faso, cade, Kote Divuwari, Mali, Béne na Mauritaniya, mu gihe bigera no mu bindi bihugu bibiri bishya nka, Kameruni na Gineya . <ref name=":6"/> ^, <ref name=":2"/> ^, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Swedd : Belmonde Dogo lance officiellement la 2ème phase du projet |url=https://www.afrique-sur7.ci/485586-phase-projet-swedd-cote-divoire |access-date=2023-06-03 |website=www.afrique-sur7.ci |language=fr}}</ref> ^, <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=PHASE 2 DU PROJET SWEDD : 188 MILLIARDS DE FCFA DE LA BANQUE MONDIALE POUR L'AUTONOMISATION DES FEMMES AU SAHEL |url=http://www.gouv.ci/_actualite-article.php?recordID=11209 |access-date=2023-06-03 |website=GOUV.CI}}</ref> ^, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Socialnetlink |date=2020-06-06 |title=Phase 2 du projet SWEDD : la Banque mondiale met 376 millions pour l'Autonomisation des femmes et des filles en Afrique |url=https://www.socialnetlink.org/2020/06/06/phase-2-du-projet-swedd-la-banque-mondiale-met-376-millions-pour-lautonomisation-des-femmes-et-des-filles-en-afrique/ |access-date=2023-06-03 |website=Actualités technologiques et startup au Sénégal et en Afrique |language=fr-FR}}</ref> ^, . Intego nyamukuru ni ukubaka imari y’abantu muri Afurika no kuzamura iterambere ry’akarere <ref name=":3"/> . == Abagenerwabikorwa == Umushinga SWEDD ugamije kongerera ubushobozi abagore n’abakobwa b’ingimbi mu bihugu bigize uyu muryango ubaha serivisi nziza z’ubuzima bw’imyororokere, iz'ababyeyi n’abana. Aba bagore n'abakobwa b'ingimbi ni bo bungukirwa cyane n'uyu mushinga, ugamije guteza imbere kwibohora kwabo <ref name=":0"/> . == Ibihugu bigize umuryango == Umushinga SWEDD ukubiyemo ibihugu birindwi byo muri Afurika y'Iburengerazuba no Hagati, aribyo Nigeri, Burkina Faso, cade, Kote Divuwari, Mali, Béne na Mauritaniya. <ref name=":4"/> ^, <ref>{{Cite web |title=ZONE DE COUVERTURE {{!}} AUTONOMISATION DES FEMMES ET DIVIDENDE DEMOGRAPHIQUE AU SAHEL |url=http://www.projetswedd.org/zone-de-couverture/ |access-date=2023-06-03 |language=en |archive-date=2023-06-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603185716/http://www.projetswedd.org/zone-de-couverture/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ^, <ref name=":7"/> Muri 2020, ibindi bihugu nka [[Gineya]] na [[Kameruni]] nabyo byinjiye mu mushinga wa SWEDD <ref name=":4">https://wcaro.unfpa.org/fr/swedd</ref> ^, <ref name=":3"/> . == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == amahuza yo hanze == {{Portail|Bénin|Burkina Faso|Côte d'Ivoire|Mali|Mauritanie|Niger|Tchad|Guinée|Cameroun|Afrique|économie|Organisation des Nations unies|Humanitaire et développement|politique sociale}} [[Ikiciro:Ubuzima]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore]] 0k6j7488w2f3apaumqb25hn24dipv92 0 16794 148972 135268 2026-11-05T06:54:53Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 148972 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ni Nyagasambu rirarema'''<ref>[[I nyagasambu]]</ref> Ni mvugo yamamaye mu [[Rwanda]], ndetse ihimbwamo n’indirimbo, ngo yakomotse ku bakozi ba MININTER, ubwo bajyaga gukora umuganda wo gutera ibiti i Nyagasambu, bataha bakahahahira ibiribwa bitandukanye ku giciro giciriritse, nyuma bajya mu masoko ya [[Kigali]] bagasanga ibyaho bihenze, bati “N’Inyagasambu rirarema.”ikindi wamenya n'uko nyagasambu iherereye mukarere ka rwamgana. == Icyo wamenya == Nyagasambu Ni ahantu mu Rwanda hamenyekanye kubera umugani ngo '[https://www.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/n-i-nyagasambu-rirarema-imvugo-yakomotse-ku-bakozi-ba-mininter N'i Nyagasambu rirarema]<ref>https://www.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/n-i-nyagasambu-rirarema-imvugo-yakomotse-ku-bakozi-ba-mininter</ref>', ubu ni Mu [https://web.archive.org/web/20230616031404/https://www.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/rwamagana-bahawe-amazi-meza-basabwa-kunoza-isuku-no-kuyafata-neza Akagari ka Nyagasambu]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/rwamagana-bahawe-amazi-meza-basabwa-kunoza-isuku-no-kuyafata-neza |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-06-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616031404/https://www.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/rwamagana-bahawe-amazi-meza-basabwa-kunoza-isuku-no-kuyafata-neza |archive-date=2023-06-16 |url-status=dead}}</ref>, Umurenge wa Fumbwe mu Karere ka [[Rwamagana Fc|Rwamagana]], Intara y'iburasirazuba.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.rwamagana.gov.rw/akarere/abanyamabanga-nshingwabikorwa-bimirenge |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-06-07 |archive-date=2023-06-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616031406/https://www.rwamagana.gov.rw/akarere/abanyamabanga-nshingwabikorwa-bimirenge |url-status=dead }}</ref> Abaturage bo muri aka gace bavuga ko abari abakozi ba Minisiteri icyo gihe yitwaga (MININTER) ‘Minisiteri y’Ubutegetsi bw’Igihugu n’Amajyambere ya Komini’, mu myaka ya za 1975 bajyaga mu muganda wo gutera ibiti bya Pinusi i Nyagasambu mu cyahoze ari [https://www.ikirundi.org/indirimbo/amajambo-y-indirimbo/n-i-nyagasambu-rirarema Komini Bicumbi]<ref>https://www.ikirundi.org/indirimbo/amajambo-y-indirimbo/n-i-nyagasambu-rirarema</ref> baturutse i Kigali. Mu minsi isanzwe itari iyo kujya ku muganda, birumvikana ko aba bakozi bajyaga guhahira mu masoko asanzwe yo muri Kigali, bakabwirwa ibiciro bihanitse ugereranyije n’iby’i Nyagasambu maze nabo bagasubiza ko n’i Nyagasambu rirema. Ni uko kuva icyo gihe kugeza ubu imvugo iba kimomo, [https://web.archive.org/web/20230616031400/https://ar.umuseke.rw/ni-nyagasambu-rirarema-gusa-ubu-riremera-ku-zuba-kuri-bamwe-nimvura-yagwa-bakaremura.hmtl iyo umuntu akwimye ikintu]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ar.umuseke.rw/ni-nyagasambu-rirarema-gusa-ubu-riremera-ku-zuba-kuri-bamwe-nimvura-yagwa-bakaremura.hmtl |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-06-07 |archive-date=2023-06-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616031400/https://ar.umuseke.rw/ni-nyagasambu-rirarema-gusa-ubu-riremera-ku-zuba-kuri-bamwe-nimvura-yagwa-bakaremura.hmtl |url-status=dead }}</ref> runaka cyangwa se iyo aguhenze, uramusubiza uti “N’inyagasambu rirarema.” == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} d6bso9rouq15fgkayn2xlcyu6oz16kk 0 16868 148980 148358 2026-11-05T08:40:55Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 148980 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Diane Shima Rwigara''' ni [[Rwanda|umucuruzi]], akaba rwiyemezamirimo n’umucungamari wabaye umukandida wigenga mu matora y’umukuru w’i gihugu ya Rwanda 2017. Rwigara yashinjwaga ku ya 23 Nzeri 2017, ari kumwe na nyina ndetse n'abandi baregwana bane, kuba yarateje imvururu mu bindi birego, <ref name="amnesty">{{Cite web |date=22 May 2018 |title=Rwanda: Fair trial must be guaranteed for former presidential hopeful |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2018/05/rwanda-fair-trial-must-be-guaranteed-for-former-presidential-hopeful/ |access-date=25 August 2018}}</ref> ariko agirwa umwere hamwe na nyina ku ya 6 Ukuboza 2018. [[Dosiye:Diane_Shima_Rwigara.jpg|thumb|right|Diane Shima Rwigara]] == Ubuzima bwo hambere == Diane Rwigara yavukiye i [[Kigali]] muri 1982 avukira mu muryango [[Abatutsi|w'abatutsi]] kandi afite barumuna be batatu. <ref name="whois">{{Cite web |last=Lepapa |first=Naipanoi |date=14 May 2017 |title=Who is Diane Rwigara, Rwanda's First Female Independent Presidential Candidate |url=https://www.africanexponent.com/post/8365-we-are-in-the-thick-of-revolution-in-africa |access-date=2 June 2017 |website=The African Exponent |archive-date=8 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171008133222/https://www.africanexponent.com/post/8365-we-are-in-the-thick-of-revolution-in-africa |url-status=dead }}</ref> Se, ni Assinapol Rwigara, umunyenganda akaba n’umunyemari ukomeye w’umuryango [[Ishyaka FPR-Inkotanyi|w’igihugu ukunda igihugu cya Rwanda]], yaguye mu mpanuka y’imodoka ku ya 4 Gashyantare 2015 i Gacuriro, muri Kigali. Umuryango wemeza ko impanuka yatewe na politiki. <ref name="whois" /> <ref name="business">{{Cite web |last=Babatunde |first=Mark |date=5 May 2017 |title=35-Year-Old Businesswoman Diane Rwigara To Challenge Kagame in Rwandan Presidential Elections |url=https://face2faceafrica.com/article/diane-rwigara |access-date=2 June 2017 |website=Face 2 Face Africa}}</ref> Polisi yavuze ko yahise yicwa ubwo imodoka y'aMercedez-Benz yari atwaye yari igonganye n'ikamyo iremereye. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Family of deceased tycoon Assinapol Rwigara petitions President Kagame |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/rwanda/News/Family-of-deceased-tycoon-Rwigara-petitions-President-Kagame/1433218-2653598-myixcwz/index.html |access-date=4 March 2015 |publisher=The East African}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=The curious case of the death of Mr Assinapol Rwigara |url=http://www.therwandan.com/the-curious-case-of-the-death-of-mr-assinapol-rwigara-rip/ |access-date=5 October 2018 |publisher=The Rwandan |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181006000206/http://www.therwandan.com/the-curious-case-of-the-death-of-mr-assinapol-rwigara-rip/ |archive-date=6 October 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Dosiye:Diane_Rwigara.png|thumb|right|Diane RWIGARA]] Rwigara ni umucungamari watojwe. <ref name="business"/> Yakunze kuvuga nabi imiyoborere y’igihugu iyoborwa na [[Perezida wa Repubulika y’u Rwanda|Perezida]] [[Paul Kagame]] <ref name="backing">{{Cite web |last=Okey-Nwosu |first=Muna |date=9 May 2017 |title=Rwandese Presidential Candidate Diane Shima Rwigara isn't Backing Out Despite Leaked Nude Photos |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2017/05/rwandese-presidential-candidate-diane-shima-rwigara-isnt-backing-despite-leaked-nude-photos/ |access-date=2 June 2017 |website=Bella Naija}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Runsewe |first=Oreoluwa |date=9 May 2017 |title=Young, Single And Independent: The Obstacles Facing Rwanda's Potential First Female President |url=http://venturesafrica.com/young-single-and-independent-the-obstacles-facing-rwandas-potential-first-female-president/ |access-date=2 June 2017 |website=Ventures Africa}}</ref> hamwe ndetse n’akarengane n’agahato. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Finn |first=Brandon |date=27 April 2017 |title=Op-Ed: Activism and Rwanda's Development Model – Diane Rwigara takes a stand |url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2017-04-27-op-ed-activism-and-rwandas-development-model-diane-rwigara-takes-a-stand/#.WTDjcMbL2NY |access-date=2 June 2017 |website=Daily Maverick}}</ref> Ku ya 3 Gicurasi 2017, Rwigara yatangaje ko yifuza kwitabira amatora ya perezida. Nyuma y'amasaha 72, amafoto ye yambaye ubusa yashyizwe ahagaragara m'uburyo bugaragara bwo kumukoza isoni no kumutera ubwoba. <ref name="backing"/> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Babtunde |first=Mark |date=10 May 2017 |title=Nude Photos of Rwandan Presidential Candidate Surface Online |url=https://face2faceafrica.com/article/diane-rwigara-photos |access-date=2 June 2017 |website=Face 2 Face Africa |archive-date=5 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170805015555/https://face2faceafrica.com/article/diane-rwigara-photos |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yashimangiye ko afite intego yo kwiyamamaza, yiyemeza kwiyamamaza mu rwego rwo guca burundu ubukene, gushyiraho ubwishingizi bw’ubuzima ku isi hose no guharanira ubwisanzure. <ref name="business"/> Ku 7 Nyakanga 2017, Komisiyo y’igihugu ishinzwe amatora yabwiye ko ataziyamamaza Rwigara mu matora ku mpamvu za tekiniki, <ref name="guardian">{{Cite web |last=Gardner |first=Tom |date=4 August 2017 |title='Rwanda is like a pretty girl with a lot of makeup, but the inside is dark and dirty' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2017/aug/04/rwanda-pretty-girl-makeup-inside-dark-and-dirty-diane-rwigara-paul-kagame-election |access-date=30 August 2017 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> avuga ko yakoresheje imikono mpimbano mu ipiganwa rye rya perezida <ref name="AP">{{Cite web |last=Ssuuna |first=Ignatius |date=30 August 2017 |title=Former Rwandan Presidential Candidate Accused of Forgery |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-08-30/former-rwanda-presidential-candidate-accused-of-forgery |access-date=30 August 2017 |website=Bloomberg Politics |publisher=Associated Press}}</ref> kandi ko yatanze imikono 572 yemewe aho kuba 600 isabwa. Rwigara yavuze ko yatanze imikono y'abamusinyiye bagera 958, hiyongeraho 120 nyuma yuko bamwe batemerewe. <ref>{{Cite web |date=8 July 2017 |title=Rwanda disqualifies only female presidential candidate |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-rwanda-election-idUSKBN19S2L6 |access-date=30 August 2017 |website=Reuters}}</ref> Abandi bakandida babiri na bo ntibemerewe, bituma Amnesty International ivuga ko ayo matora azabera mu bihe by'ubwoba no gukandamizwa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=7 July 2017 |title=Three Rwandan Presidential Candidates Disqualified Amid Criticism |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/three-rwandan-presidential-candidates-disqualified/3933118.html |access-date=30 August 2017 |website=VOA News |publisher=Associated Press}}</ref> Iki cyemezo kandi cyanenzwe na Minisiteri y’ububanyi n’amahanga y'Amerika n’ubumwe [[Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’Ibihugu by’i Burayi|bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi]]. <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 August 2017 |title=Police Investigating Critic Of Rwandan President For Forgery |url=https://www.pmnewsnigeria.com/2017/08/30/police-investigating-critic-rwandan-president-forgery/ |access-date=30 August 2017 |website=PM News Nigeria}}</ref> <ref name="critic">{{Cite web |date=30 August 2017 |title=Critic of Rwandan President Investigated for Forgery |url=https://www.nytimes.com/reuters/2017/08/30/world/africa/30reuters-rwanda-opposition.html |access-date=30 August 2017 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> Kagame yatsinze amatora yo ku ya 4 Kanama n'amajwi 98%. <ref name="AP" /> Rwigara yatangije umutwe w'abaharanira inyungu witwa Agakiza ka Rubanda kugira ngo uhangane n'ubutegetsi ku gitabo cy’uburenganzira bwa muntu, avuga ko inteko ishinga amategeko y'igihugu itarenze kashe. <ref name="guardian" /> <ref name="fake">{{Cite web |last=Busari |first=Stephani |last2=idowu |first2=Torea |date=5 August 2017 |title=Fake nude photos were used to 'silence me', disqualified Rwandan candidate says |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2017/08/04/africa/rwanda-election-nude-photos-candidate/index.html |access-date=30 August 2017 |publisher=CNN}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Akwei |first=ismail |date=15 July 2017 |title=Disqualified Rwandan presidential aspirant forms anti-Kagame movement |url=http://www.africanews.com/2017/07/15/disqualified-rwandan-aspirant-forms-anti-kagame-movement// |website=Africa News |access-date=9 June 2023 |archive-date=7 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231207060256/https://www.africanews.com/2017/07/15/disqualified-rwandan-aspirant-forms-anti-kagame-movement/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Umuryango uharanira agakiza ka rubanda nk'uko Rwigara abitangaza, ngo azakomeza imirimo ye yo gukangurira Abanyarwanda uburenganzira bwabo no kunenga politiki n'ibikorwa [[Ishyaka FPR-Inkotanyi|by'ishyaka riri ku butegetsi rishinzwe gukunda igihugu]] (FPR). <ref>(14 July 2017 Friday). Diane Rwigara now launches rights movement. ''The East African.'' Retrieved from Nexis Uni.</ref> Ku ya 7 Kamena 2024, Komisiyo y’igihugu ishinzwe amatora (NEC) yanze kandidatire ya Diane Rwigara mu matora y’umukuru w’igihugu ya 2024.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/article/2024/jun/07/rwanda-opposition-leader-diane-rwigara-barred-from-standing-against-president|title=Rwanda opposition leader barred from standing against president|work=The Guardian|date=07 June 2024|first=|last=}}</ref> === Ifatwa === Ku ya 30 Kanama 2017, inzu ya Rwigara yagabweho igitero, abapolisi bavuga ko arimo gukorwaho iperereza ku mpimbano no kunyereza imisoro. <ref name="AP"/> Umuryango wa Rwigara wavuze ko yabuze, bavuga ko abantu bitwaje imbunda bitazwi bambaye imyenda ya gisivili bamufatanye imbunda mu gihe inzu yashakishwaga, ariko abapolisi bahakana ko yatawe muri yombi. <ref name="critic"/> Ibinyamakuru byinshi byatangaje muri Nzeri 2017 ko Rwigara atarashobora kuboneka kandi umuryango we wakomeje kuvuga ko yabuze. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Alfa Shaban |first=Abdur Rahman |date=30 August 2017 |title=Rwanda police must produce 'missing' female critic of Kagame |url=http://www.africanews.com/2017/08/31/rwanda-police-must-produce-missing-female-critic-of-kagame/ |access-date=1 September 2017 |website=Africanews}}</ref> Leon Orsmond, umuhanzi wo mugihugu cya Afurika y'Epfo w'amamaza udushya, wafashije Rwigara mu gikorwa cyo kwamamaza imbuga nkoranyambaga na we yabuze mu Rwanda kuva mu Gashyantare 2018. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Du Plessis |first=Carien |date=27 July 2018 |title=Five months later, South African still missing in Rwanda |url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2018-07-27-five-months-later-south-african-still-missing-in-rwanda/ |access-date=25 August 2018 |website=Daily Maverick}}</ref> Mbere yo kubura, Orsmond ntiyigeze ahisha ko adakunda leta ya Kagame. Muri Kamena 2018, [[Ikigo cy'u Rwanda gishinzwe Imisoro n'Amahoro|ikigo cy’imisoro n’u Rwanda]] cyagurishije imashini ziba mu bucuruzi bw’itabi ry’umuryango ku madolari agera kuri miliyoni 2 mu rwego rwo kugaruza ibyo bavugaga ko ari miliyoni 7 z’ibirarane by’imisoro. <ref name="auction">{{Cite web |date=18 June 2018 |title=Diane Rwigara: Rwandan politician's assets auctioned - BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-44521197 |access-date=25 August 2018 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Cyamunara yabanje kugurisha umutungo w'ubucuruzi bwumuryango wa Rwigara, itabi ryatunganijwe, ryinjije amafaranga arenga miliyoni 500 yu Rwanda. <ref name="auction" /> ikigo Amnesty International yahamagariye ubucamanza bwu Rwanda kureba niba urubanza rutabaye ubundi buryo bwo gutoteza abanenga guverinoma. <ref name="amnesty"/> Muri Kanama 2018, habayeho #FreeDianeRwigara yakoreshwaga nabanya kenya kurubuga rwa Twitter bahamagarira Kagame kurekura Rwigara. Ibi bibaye nyuma y'iminsi mike abakoresha Twitter muri [[Kenya]] babigiriye nk’umudepite wa [[Ubugande|Uganda]],nyuma Robert Kyagulanyi, uzwi cyane ku izina rya Bobby Wine. <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 August 2018 |title=#FREEBOBBYWINE: KENYANS NOW TURN GUNS ON STRONGMAN KAGAME |url=https://nairobinews.nation.co.ke/news/freebobbywine-kenyans-now-turn-guns-strongman-kagame/ |access-date=25 August 2018 |website=nairobi news}}</ref> Ku ya 5 Ukwakira 2018, urukiko rwategetse ko Rwigara na nyina Adeline Rwigara barekurwa by'agateganyo; <ref>{{Cite web |title=Rwandan opposition activist Diane Rwigara released on bail |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2018/10/rwanda-opposition-activist-diane-rwigara-released-bail-181005174901472.html |access-date=2018-10-07 |website=www.aljazeera.com}}</ref> ibi bibaye nyuma y'ibyumweru bike nyuma yo gufungurwa hakiri kare abakatiwe 2140, barimo Victoire Ingabire na [[Kizito Mihigo]]. Nyuma y’umwaka urenga muri gereza, Urukiko Rukuru rw’u Rwanda rwarekuye Rwigara na nyina Adeline ingwate. Basabwe kutava mu murwa mukuru, Kigali, nta ruhushya, kandi urubanza rwabo ruzakomeza. <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 October 2018 |title=Rwanda: Is Rwanda's Political Thaw Real? |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201810160537.html |access-date=26 October 2018 |website=allAfrica.com}}</ref> Abasenateri benshi bo muri Amerika barimo Dick Durbin, Ann Wagner, Patrick Leahy na Barbara Lee, ndetse n'abagize komisiyo ishinzwe uburenganzira bwa muntu muri kongere ya Tom Lantos bahamagariye guverinoma y'u Rwanda kureka ibyo birego kuko ari ukurenga ku bwisanzure mu gutanga ibitekerezo. <ref name="US">{{Cite web |date=2 December 2018 |title=Rwanda tells US to keep off Rwigara trial |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/news/ea/Rwanda-tells-US-to-keep-off-Rwigara-trial/4552908-4877302-1877y9z/index.html |access-date=4 May 2019 |website=The East African}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 November 2018 |title=Rwandan Dissident Draws US Congressional Support |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/rwandan-dissident-draws-us-congressional-support/4678705.html |access-date=4 May 2019 |website=VOA News}}</ref> Abayobozi b'u Rwanda bashinje abanyapolitiki bo muri Amerika kwivanga mu manza zabo. <ref name="US" /> === Kwemererwa === Ku ya 6 Ukuboza 2018, inteko y'abacamanza batatu b'urukiko rukuru rw'u Rwanda yagizwe umwere Rwigara hamwe na nyina, basanga ibyo baregwa byose bidafite ishingiro. Urukiko rwasanze Rwigara yarakoresheje uburenganzira bwe bwo kuvuga mu kunegura Perezida kandi ko atateje urugomo. Nyina yagizwe umwere kubera guteza imbere amacakubiri, amacakubiri ashingiye ku moko no gukurura urugomo. <ref name="free">{{Cite web |last=Mugisha |first=Ivan R. |date=8 December 2018 |title=Free at last, Rwigara vows to continue fight |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/news/ea/Free-at-last-Rwigara-vows-to-continue-fight/4552908-4886668-cwybgo/index.html |access-date=4 May 2019 |website=The East African}}</ref> Rwigara yagejeje ijambo ku bitangazamakuru biri mu cyumba cy'urukiko, agira ati: Nizeye ko ibi bivuze ko ibitotezo njye n'umuryango wanjye twahuye nabyo byarangiye kandi ko mfite umudendezo wo kuvuga icyo ntekereza. Nicyo nzakomeza kurwanira mu gihugu hose. <ref name="free" /> Icyemezo cy'urukiko cyakiriwe neza na Amnesty International, yahamagariye guverinoma y'u Rwanda gukora "hagamijwe guteza imbere ubworoherane no kwemera ibindi bitekerezo kandi binenga." <ref name="free" /> Ubujurire bw'Ubushinjacyaha ku rwego rw'igihugu bwatanze ubujurire bwo ku ya 27 Ukuboza. <ref name="drop">{{Cite web |last=Mugisha |first=Ivan R. |date=9 January 2019 |title=Rwigara welcomes decision to drop appeal, vows to continue with her rights crusade |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/news/ea/Rwigara-welcomes-decision-to-drop-appeal/4552908-4927390-v8tuu3z/index.html |access-date=4 May 2019 |website=The East African}}</ref> Ku ya 9 Mutarama 2019, urwego rw’ubushinjacyaha rwa Kagame, rumaze guhabwa amabwiriza na minisiteri y’ubutabera, rwanze ubujurire bwarwo bwo kuba abere. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Himbara |first=David |date=9 January 2019 |title=Diane Rwigara, Adeline Rwigara, And The Bible Humbled Kagame |url=http://www.therwandan.com/diane-rwigara-adeline-rwigara-and-the-bible-humbled-kagame/ |access-date=4 May 2019 |website=The Rwandan |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190504142709/http://www.therwandan.com/diane-rwigara-adeline-rwigara-and-the-bible-humbled-kagame/ |archive-date=4 May 2019 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Rwigara yishimiye iki cyemezo, avuga ko "azakomeza guharanira ubwisanzure mu gutanga ibitekerezo n'uburenganzira bwa muntu mu Rwanda." <ref name="drop" /> == Reba == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwiyemezamirimo]] [[Ikiciro:Umugore]] [[Ikiciro:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 4vp5w0687q8tu6hyoe5ucw19bslsiln 0 16903 148959 144239 2026-11-05T05:07:17Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 148959 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Edwin Macharia at Davos.jpg|thumb|edwin macharia]] Kelvin Macharia Kuria afite imyaka 32 rwiyemezamirimo ukiri muto ufite uburambe burenze imyaka 10 nubuhanga mubucuruzi bushya bwo gucunga umutekano. Kugeza ubu, Kelvin ni we washinze SUNRISE TRACKING, akaba n'umuyobozi mukuru, isosiyete itanga ibisubizo nyabyo kandi bishya by’umutekano ku binyabiziga ndetse n’inyubako nka; ibicuruzwa bikurikirana imodoka, sisitemu yo gucunga lisansi / kugenzura, kugenzura CCTV, nibicuruzwa biometrike. Inshingano ye nyamukuru yibanze ku guhanga udushya, gushushanya ibicuruzwa na serivisi z'umutekano ndetse no gucunga imikorere rusange ya Sunrise Tracking. Niwe kandi washinze Sunrise Innovations Limited isosiyete ikora udushya kabuhariwe mu guhanga udushya nka TV TV ya Android, Drone, hamwe nuburyo bwose bwo gukemura software.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.entrepreneurship-campus.org/members/kelvinmachariakuria/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-06-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230610173202/https://www.entrepreneurship-campus.org/members/kelvinmachariakuria/ |archive-date=2023-06-10 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>https://agriprofocus.com/profile/kelvin.kuria.7468</ref><ref>https://africandevelopmentsuccesses.wordpress.com/2015/08/01/success-story-from-kenya-kelvin-macharia-young-entrepreneur/</ref> Kelvin ni umunyeshuri wiga mu cyiciro cya mbere cya kaminuza akurikirana impamyabumenyi y’ubucuruzi yakuye muri kaminuza ya [[Nairobi]]. Ni Intiti ku Isi munsi ya (GSP-2011) mu kwihangira imirimo no kuyobora kuva muri Afurika y'Ubuyobozi bwa Afurika muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika y'Epfo]], kikaba aricyo kigo kizwi cyane muri [[Afurika]] gishaka guhindura [[Afurika]] mu kumenya, guteza imbere, no guhuza Abayobozi b'ejo hazaza. Mu mwaka wa 2015 yakoze inzira y’ubucuruzi no kwihangira imirimo muri Dartmouth College, kimwe mu bigo bya IVY League muri [[Amerika]] nkumuyobozi w’umunyafurika ukiri muto uyobowe na Mandela Washington Fellowship (YALI) gahunda y’ibendera ryakozwe na Perezida wa 44 wa Leta zunze ubumwe za [[Amerika]], Barack Obama.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://foundersafrica.com/meet-kelvin-macharia-kuria-the-kenyan-founder-ensuring-car-protection/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-06-10 |archive-date=2023-06-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230610173200/https://foundersafrica.com/meet-kelvin-macharia-kuria-the-kenyan-founder-ensuring-car-protection/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.f6s.com/kelvinmachariakuria</ref><ref>https://africandevelopmentsuccesses.wordpress.com/2015/08/01/success-story-from-kenya-kelvin-macharia-young-entrepreneur/</ref><ref>https://www.wikimzansi.com/kelvin-macharia-kuria/</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Ubucuruzi]] [[Ikiciro:Ubukungu bw’Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Rwiyemezamirimo]] [[Ikiciro:Iterambere rya Afurica]] rvbb5ddhb2ymotmzq1eymi25wohiczd 0 16931 148985 134963 2026-11-05T09:22:05Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 148985 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:(10,0) Carbon Nanotube Divacancy and Oxygen Adsorption Energy Barrier.png|thumb|743x743px]] Mhuriro, ni we washinze Oxygen Energy Private Private Limited, n’umushinga wigenga w’amashanyarazi ndetse n’isosiyete ishinzwe iterambere ry’ingufu zishobora kuba inzobere mu nganda zikoresha amashanyarazi n’imishinga yo hejuru y’ubucuruzi. Muri 2017, [[Banki Nyafurika Itsura Amajyambere|Banki Nyafurika itsura amajyambere]] (AfDB) yayoboye ikigega cy’ingufu zirambye muri [[Afurika]] (SEFA) cyemeje inkunga ingana na $ 965.000 US $ Oxygen Energy Private Limited Limited mu rwego rwo gushyigikira itegurwa ry’urubanza rw’ubucuruzi muri banki hagamijwe iterambere ry’izuba rya 20MW ridafite amashanyarazi; umushinga w'amazu ya Photovoltaic ku nyubako zifitwe kandi zicungwa na Old Mutual Property Group, abashinzwe ishoramari rinini rya [[Zimbabwe]]. Umushinga nurangira, uzatanga ingufu zizuba zizewe kandi zirushanwe kumasosiyete magana mato mato mato mato muri [[Zimbabwe]].<ref>https://www.forbes.com/sites/mfonobongnsehe/2018/04/18/30-most-promising-young-entrepreneurs-in-africa-2018/?sh=38c7c5487474</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://africa-investment-exchange.com/speakers/simbarashe-mhuriro/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-06-11 |archive-date=2023-06-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230611204104/https://africa-investment-exchange.com/speakers/simbarashe-mhuriro/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://alinstitute.org/2019-fellows/simbarashe-mhuriro |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-06-11 |archive-date=2023-06-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230611204104/https://alinstitute.org/2019-fellows/simbarashe-mhuriro |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://foundersafrica.com/simbarashe-mhuriro-is-building-zimbabwes-largest-solar-company-oxygen-africa/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-06-11 |archive-date=2023-06-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230611204103/https://foundersafrica.com/simbarashe-mhuriro-is-building-zimbabwes-largest-solar-company-oxygen-africa/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Simba ni umwe mu bagize ihuriro ry’ubukungu bw’isi ku isi ku bijyanye no kwihangira imirimo mu mwaka wa 2018 - 2019 hamwe n’inama Nyafurika ya Shared Value Africa Initiative ya 8. Simba kandi ari mu itsinda ry’impuguke zikora impuguke za Enterprises Africa Network umushinga w’umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’[[Burayi|Uburayi]] & African Union gushiraho urubuga rwubucuruzi rwo guhuza abagore na ba rwiyemezamirimo bakiri bato ku mugabane w’icyitegererezo ku ihuriro ry’ibikorwa by’Uburayi. Muri 2018 Simba yashyizwe ku rutonde n'ikinyamakuru cya Forbes nk'umwe mu ba rwiyemezamirimo 30 bafite icyizere muri Afurika kimwe no mu 2016 yanagizwe umwe mu ba rwiyemezamirimo 30 bo muri Afurika bafite ibyiringiro kandi bitera inkunga muri Afurika n'ikinyamakuru Forbes. Simba yamenyekanye kandi muri Afurika Youth Awards nk'umwe mu Banyafrika 100 bakomeye muri uyu mwaka.<ref>https://www.weforum.org/people/simbarashe-mhuriro</ref><ref>https://speakerhub.com/speaker/simbarashe-mhuriro</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.entrepreneurship-campus.org/members/smhuriro/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-06-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230611204105/https://www.entrepreneurship-campus.org/members/smhuriro/ |archive-date=2023-06-11 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.responsiblebusiness.com/speakers/simbarashe-eric-mhuriro/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-06-11 |archive-date=2023-06-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230611204104/https://www.responsiblebusiness.com/speakers/simbarashe-eric-mhuriro/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Iterambere rya Afurica]] [[Ikiciro:Ubukungu bw’Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Rwiyemezamirimo]] [[Ikiciro:Ubucuruzi]] rg6m8rncgu72hd12gum4d9pbkrubpqx 0 16933 148977 144376 2026-11-05T07:48:36Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 148977 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Patricia Arquette in 2011.jpg|thumb|patricia majule]] Patricia Majule ni [[Tanzaniya|umunyatanzaniya]] akaba umuyobozi nuwashinze Unique Favors TZ, isosiyete ikora kandi ikora ibicuruzwa byabigenewe, ibicuruzwa, udusanduku, impano nimpano kumashyaka adasanzwe ndetse nimiryango ikora muri [[Tanzaniya]]. Majule yashinze ubwo bucuruzi mu 2014 ubwo yabonaga ko Abanyatanzaniya benshi batumizaga impapuro mu mahanga. Ubucuruzi bwakomeje kwiyongera kuva icyo gihe kandi Majule ubu afite abakozi 10.<ref>https://www.forbes.com/sites/mfonobongnsehe/2018/04/18/30-most-promising-young-entrepreneurs-in-africa-2018/?sh=38c7c5487474</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://sheleadsafrica.org/patricia-majule/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-06-11 |archive-date=2022-02-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220228142327/https://sheleadsafrica.org/patricia-majule/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.wef.org.in/patricia-majule/</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.entrepreneurship-campus.org/members/msuapatricia/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-06-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230611212058/https://www.entrepreneurship-campus.org/members/msuapatricia/ |archive-date=2023-06-11 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patricia_Majule</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Iterambere rya Afurica]] [[Ikiciro:Tanzaniya]] [[Ikiciro:Ubukungu bw’Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Rwiyemezamirimo]] [[Ikiciro:Ubucuruzi]] arq1dcghjzi59hr3c71oosepwbshe1j 0 16972 148948 140558 2026-11-05T03:25:41Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 148948 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Vine monument.jpg|thumb|vine monument]] Ikoreshwa ry'ingufu mu [[Rwanda]] ririmo guhinduka vuba mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cyo muri 21. [[Dosiye:Rwanda_electricity_production.svg|thumb|400x400px| Umusaruro w'amashanyarazi mu Rwanda]] == Amashanyarazi == === Umuyoboro === Ingano y'amashanyarazi ni nke cyane kandi yibanze cyane hafi ya Kigali. Benshi mu gihugu bakoresha inkwi nk’isoko nya mukuru y’ingufu. U Rwanda ruteganya kwaguka kuva kuri MW 276 z'amashanyarazi muri 2022 rukagera kuri MW 556 muri 2024 kandi rushobora gutumiza amashanyarazi y’inyongera mu bihugu duturanye. Byongeye kandi, irimo gushyiraho imirasire y'izuba ntoya mu gihugu hose kugira ngo ingo ziherereye mu turere twa gride zitabona amashanyarazi, cyangwa zifashe guhangana n’umuriro w'amashanyarazi. Kugeza ubu, guverinoma irateganya kugeza amashanyarazi ku baturage 100% mu 2024, bitandukanye na 74.5% muri 2022. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Feng |first=Jun |title=Electricity Access |url=https://www.reg.rw/what-we-do/access |access-date=9 November 2022 |publisher= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221010185343/https://www.reg.rw/what-we-do/access/ |archive-date=10 October 2022 |url-status=dead}}</ref> === Igisekuru === Hamwe n’ibikorwa remezo by’amashanyarazi bigarukira, u Rwanda rufite urwego rwo hejuru rwo gukoresha ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu. Amashanyarazi menshi mu gihugu aturuka ku mashanyarazi. <ref>[http://www.panapress.com/Solar-power-stations-to-supply-Rwandan-schools-with-electricity--13-798739-17-lang2-index.html Solar power stations to supply Rwandan schools with electricity], PANA, 6 October 2011</ref> Umusaruro w'amashanyarazi wagize 4% by'ingufu zikoreshwa mu gihugu muri 2014, ==== Amashanyarazi ==== 53% by'amashanyarazi bitangwa niganda nto z'amashanyarazi. Mu mpera za 2018, uruganda rw’amashanyarazi ruhuza u Rwanda rwatanze nka 221.1 MW. ==== Umwuka wa gaze ==== Umushinga wa [[KivuWatt Power Station|KivuWatt]] ni umushinga w'ingufu zo gukuramo gaze karemano yashonze mu [[Ikiyaga cya Kivu|kiyaga cya Kivu]] no gukoresha gaze yakuwe mu kubyara amashanyarazi. <ref name="auto">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Killer lake's renewable potential |url=http://www.wartsila.com/twentyfour7/gas/killer-lake-renewable-potential |access-date=2016-11-16 |website=www.wartsila.com/twentyfour7 |publisher=Twentyfour7 |archive-date=2016-11-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161117063136/http://www.wartsila.com/twentyfour7/gas/killer-lake-renewable-potential |url-status=dead }}</ref> Muri 2016, urugomero rw'amashanyarazi rwa MW 25 rushobora gutanga ingufu zihagije ku bantu 45.000 mu Rwanda. Biteganijwe ko umushinga wo kwagura ibikorwa uzongerwaho MW 26 z'a mashanyarazi mu cyiciro cyayo cya mbere, kandi amaherezo uzagera kuri MW 100 mu myaka iri imbere. <ref name="auto" /> ==== Ikigereranyo cyizuba ==== Umurima wa mbere ufite ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba muri Afurika yo munsi y'Ubutayu bwa Sahara hanze y'afurika y'Epfo ni uruganda rwa MW 8.5 ku Mudugudu w'Urubyiruko rwa Agahozo Shalom, mu [[Akarere ka Rwamagana|Karere ka Rwamagana]], Intara y'Iburasirazuba bw'u [[Rwanda]]. Yakodesheje hectare zigera 20 z'ubutaka mu mudugudu akaba ari umugiraneza wo kubakira no kwigisha abahohotewe [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|na jenoside mu Rwanda]]. Uruganda rukoresha amashanyarazi 28,360 kandi rutanga 6% yu muriro w'amashanyarazi mu gihugu. Uyu mushinga wubatswe n’abahanga muri [[Amerika]], [[Isirayeli|Isiraheli]], [[Ubuholandi]], [[Noruveje]], [[Finilande]] n’[[Ubwongereza]]. <ref>[http://www.jpost.com/Israel-News/New-Tech/In-Rwanda-Israelis-and-Americans-launch-East-Africas-first-commercial-solar-field-390197 In Rwanda, Israelis and Americans launch East Africa’s first commercial solar field], ''Jeruslaem Post'', February 6, 2015</ref> ==== Micro izuba ==== Imikoreshereze y'amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba yariyongereye kuko ibiciro by'izuba byagabanutse kandi uduce twinshi ntitwiteze guhuza imiyoboro ya vuba. Imirasire y'izuba itanga amashanyarazi arenga 2% mu gihugu. Igihugu kiri mu kwaguka byihuse umuyoboro w’amashanyarazi kandi hashyizweho ibihingwa byinshi bishya cyangwa byubakwa. ==== Biomass ==== Biomass ni isoko yingenzi y'ingufu zikoreshwa hifashishijwe inkwi n'imyanda yu buhinzi mu guteka. Muri 2014, ibyo byagaragaje 85% by'ingufu zikoreshwa mu Rwanda. <ref name="Peat">[http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/rwanda-prepares-to-switch-on-africas-first-peat-fired-power-plant-reports-kt-press-350348778.html Rwanda Prepares to Switch on Africa's First Peat Fired Power Plant, Reports KT Press], ''PRNewswire'', October 24, 2014</ref> Peat iva mu bishanga byo mu majyepfo y’iburengerazuba bw’u Rwanda bizatanga amashanyarazi abiri. Uruganda rwa MW 15 rwa mbere ruteganijwe kumurongo muri 2015 hamwe nuwa kabiri, uruganda rwa MW 80, ruteganijwe muri 2017. {| class="wikitable" |+<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 January 2022 |title=POWER AFRICA IN RWANDA &#124; Power Africa &#124; U.S. Agency for International Development |url=https://www.usaid.gov/powerafrica/rwanda |access-date=13 June 2023 |archive-date=5 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230605155041/https://www.usaid.gov/powerafrica/rwanda |url-status=dead }}</ref> ! Ubwoko bw'ibisekuru ! Ubushobozi bwashyizweho 2019 (MW) |- | Ubushyuhe | 103 |- | Amashanyarazi | 98 |- | Imirasire y'izuba | 12 |- | Igiteranyo | 213 |} == Andi masoko y'ingufu == Ibikomoka kuri peteroli, cyane mu bwikorezi, byagaragaje 11% by’ingufu z’u Rwanda muri 2014. N’ubwo bivugwa ko u Rwanda rufite peteroli na gaze gasanzwe hafi [[Ikiyaga cya Kivu|y’ikiyaga cya Kivu]], guhera muri 2014, nta musaruro w’umutungo wabonetse kandi ibyifuzo byatumijwe mu mahanga. [[Kenya - Uganda - U Rwanda Ibikomoka kuri peteroli|Umuyoboro wa peteroli wa Kenya - Uganda - Rwanda]] watwara peteroli hagati yibi bihugu niyubakwa. == Reba kandi == * Urutonde rw'amashanyarazi mu Rwanda * EARP Rwanda == Reba == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Umuriro]] [[Ikiciro:Rwiyemezamirimo]] h3i4inn9ejct7hr6sp1fwlcqi8kp4km 0 17026 148989 146484 2026-11-05T10:26:01Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 148989 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Gas-natural.jpg|alt=Close-up image of a natural gas burner on a stove showing the characteristic blue hue of a natural gas flame.|thumb|300x300px| Gazi isanzwe yaka ku ziko]] [[Dosiye:Chuhuo.jpg|thumb|300x300px| Gutwika gaze karemano isohoka mu butaka muri [[Tayiwani]]]] '''Umuriro wa Gaze isanzwe''' ( nanone yitwa '''gaze ya fosile''' cyangwa '''gaze''' gusa ) ni ibisanzwe bivangwa na hydro karibone ya gaze igizwe ahanini na metani hiyongereyeho umubare muto wa alikane ndende. Urwego rwo hasi rwa gaze nka gaze karuboni, azote, hydrogen sulfide, na helium nabyo birahari. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Background |url=http://www.naturalgas.org/overview/background |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140709040340/http://www.naturalgas.org/overview/background |archive-date=2014-07-09 |access-date=2012-07-14 |publisher=Naturalgas.org}}</ref> Methane idafite ibara kandi nta mpumuro nziza, bityo impumuro nziza nka mercaptan ( ihumura nka sulfuru cyangwa amagi yaboze ) ikunze kongerwa mu bikoresho bya gaze karemano kugirango umutekano ube byoroshye. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Why Does Natural Gas Smell Like Rotten Eggs? &#124; Metropolitan Utilities District |url=https://www.mudomaha.com/blog/why-does-natural-gas-smell-rotten-eggs}}</ref> Gaze isanzwe ni lisansi y’ibinyabuzima n’umutungo udashobora kuvugururwa ukorwa iyo ibice by’ibinyabuzima (cyane ibinyabuzima byo mu nyanja) <ref>{{Cite web |title=How Natural Gas Is Formed {{!}} Union of Concerned Scientists |url=https://www.ucsusa.org/resources/how-natural-gas-formed |access-date=2022-05-03 |website=www.ucsusa.org |language=en}}</ref> byangirika mu bihe bya anaerobike kandi bigashyirwa n’ubushyuhe bukabije n’umuvuduko mwinshi mu myaka miriyoni. <ref name="eiaex">{{Cite web |title=Natural gas explained |url=https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/natural-gas/ |access-date=2020-09-30 |publisher=[[U.S. Energy Information Administration]]}}</ref> Ingufu ibinyabuzima byangirika byabonetse ku zuba hakoreshejwe fotosenteze za bibikwa nkingufu za chimique muri molekile ya metani nizindi hydro karbone. <ref name="epa_ng">{{Cite web |title=Electricity from Natural Gas |url=http://www.epa.gov/cleanenergy/energy-and-you/affect/natural-gas.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140606215324/http://www.epa.gov/cleanenergy/energy-and-you/affect/natural-gas.html |archive-date=2014-06-06 |access-date=2013-11-10}}</ref> [[Dosiye:Natural gas burning on a gas stove.jpg|thumb|gaze]] == Gaze == Gaze isanzwe irashobora gutwikwa kugirango ishyushye, guteka, no kubyara amashanyarazi . Ikoreshwa kandi nk'ibiryo bya chimique mugukora plastike nindi miti mvaruganda ikomeye mubucuruzi kandi ntibikoreshwa cyane nka lisansi yimodoka . Gukuramo no gukoresha gaze karemano n’ingenzi kandi bigenda byiyongera mu [[Imihindagurikire y’ibihe|mihindagurikire y’ikirere]] . <ref name="ieaco2">{{Cite web |title=Data and Statistics: CO2 emissions by energy source, World 1990-2017 |url=https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics?country=WORLD&fuel=CO2%20emissions&indicator=CO2%20emissions%20by%20energy%20source |access-date=2020-04-24 |publisher=International Energy Agency (Paris)}}</ref> Gazi ubwayo ( cyane metani ) na karuboni ya dioxyde, isohoka iyo gaze naturel yatwitse, ni gaze ya parike . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-07-27 |title=Why carbon dioxide isn't the only greenhouse gas we must reduce – Dr Richard Dixon |url=https://www.scotsman.com/news/opinion/columnists/climate-change-carbon-dioxide-main-greenhouse-gas-cutting-methane-emissions-crucial-too-dr-richard-dixon-2925261 |access-date=2020-08-17 |website=www.scotsman.com |language=en}}</ref> <ref name="AGI">{{Cite web |date=2018-05-16 |title=Methane Emissions in the Oil and Gas Industry |url=https://www.americangeosciences.org/critical-issues/factsheet/pe/methane-emissions-oil-gas-industry |access-date=2019-05-01 |publisher=American Geosciences Institute}}</ref> Iyo itwitswe kubera ubushyuhe cyangwa amashanyarazi, gaze karemano isohora imyuka ihumanya ikirere nkeya, dioxyde de carbone nkeya, kandi hafi ya byose nta kintu na kimwe kigereranije ugereranije n’ibindi bicanwa n’ibinyabuzima . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Natural gas and the environment |url=https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/natural-gas/natural-gas-and-the-environment.php |access-date=2020-09-30 |publisher=[[U.S. Energy Information Administration]]}}</ref> Nyamara, guhumeka gaze hamwe n’imyuka itabigenewe itangwa mu ruhererekane rw’ibicuruzwa birashobora gutuma gaze karemano igira ikirenge cya karuboni kimwe n’ibindi bicanwa muri rusange. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-02-19 |title=Natural gas is a much 'dirtier' energy source, carbon-wise, than we thought |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/super-potent-methane-in-atmosphere-oil-gas-drilling-ice-cores |access-date=2022-04-03 |website=Science |language=en |archive-date=2021-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210218011119/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/super-potent-methane-in-atmosphere-oil-gas-drilling-ice-cores |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Amateka == [[Dosiye:Residential_natural_gas_bill_USA_1834.jpg|thumb| Fagitire ya gaze i Baltimore, Maryland, muri 1834.]] Gaze isanzwe irashobora kuva mubutaka igatera umuriro muremure. Mu [[Ubugereki|Bugereki]] bwa kera, umuriro wa gaze ku musozi wa Chimaera wagize uruhare mu mugani w'ikinyabuzima gihumeka umuriro Chimera . Mu [[Ubushinwa|Bushinwa]] bwa kera, gaze yavuye mu gucukura brine yakoreshejwe bwa mbere na 400 mbere ya Yesu. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Eric Hadley-Ives |last2=Chun-Chih Hadley-Ives |title=First Oil Wells |url=http://www.historylines.net/history/chinese/oil_well.html |website=History Lines}}</ref> Abashinwa batwaye gaze yinjira mu butaka mu miyoboro itavanze imigano aho yakoreshwaga mu guteka amazi y'umunyu kugira ngo bakuremo umunyu mu Karere ka Ziliujing muri Sichuan . <ref>{{Cite web |title=History |url=http://naturalgas.org/overview/history/ |access-date=2016-12-01 |publisher=NaturalGas.org}}</ref> == Inkomoko == === Gaze isanzwe === [[Dosiye:BarnettShaleDrilling-9323.jpg|thumb| Uruganda rusanzwe rwo gucukura gaze muri Texas, muri Amerika]] == Gutunganya == [[Dosiye:Aderklaa_-_Gasstation.JPG|thumb| Uruganda rutunganya gaze muri Aderklaa, Otirishiya yo hepfo]] == Kubika no gutwara == [[Dosiye:Polyethylene_gas_main.jpg|thumb| Polyethylene pulastike nyamukuru ishyirwa muri mwobo]] [[Dosiye:Gas_underpipe_warning_notice.jpg|thumb| Kubaka hafi y'umuyoboro mwinshi wohereza gazi biracika intege, akenshi hamwe nibimenyetso bihagarara. <ref>{{Cite web |last=[[Ervia#Gas Networks Ireland|Gas Networks Ireland]] |date=2016-06-01 |title=Advice for Working in the Vicinity of Gas Pipelines |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308033630/https://www.gasnetworks.ie/home/gas-meter/meter-services/Safety-Advice-for-Working-in-the-Vicinity-of-Natural-Gas-Pipeline.pdf |access-date=2020-06-20}}</ref>]] == Reba kandi == * Gazi ya peteroli * Inzibacyuho * Ikigereranyo cya gaze / peteroli * Gazi isanzwe ku gihugu * Umwuka wa gaze * Amashanyarazi * Gazi isanzwe * Gutanga ingufu ku isi no kuyikoresha == Reba == == Ibindi gusoma == == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20210303182930/https://ggon.org/fossil-tracker/ Ibikorwa Remezo byisi yose] * [https://carbonmapper.org/data/ Carbon Mapper Data Portal yerekana methane point yamakuru yamakuru] [[Ikiciro:Umuriro]] gu1m9epgkjzl5b2cdn2ov5cv6d9dslh 0 17595 148953 144318 2026-11-05T04:12:56Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 148953 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ishyirahamwe ry’ibihugu by’i Burayi ritanga serivisi z’abafite ubumuga (mu [[Icyongereza]]: European Association of Service Providers for Persons with Disabilities (EASPD)''' n’umuryango utegamiye kuri Leta udaharanira inyungu mu rwego rw’abafite ubumuga, uteza imbere ibitekerezo by’imibereho 17,000 n’amashyirahamwe yabo. <ref name=":0">https://easpd.eu/about-us/our-story/</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://d-wisenetwork.eu/en/partners |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-01-18 |archive-date=2024-01-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240118074949/https://d-wisenetwork.eu/en/partners |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.edf-feph.org/our-members/european-association-of-service-providers-for-persons-with-disabilities/</ref><ref>https://ec.europa.eu/info/funding-tenders/opportunities/portal/screen/how-to-participate/org-details/996312221</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://digi-ready.eu/consortium_easpd |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-01-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240118100007/https://digi-ready.eu/consortium_easpd |archive-date=2024-01-18 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>https://www.devex.com/organizations/european-association-of-service-providers-for-persons-with-disabilities-easpd-77944</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Association_of_Service_Providers_for_Persons_with_Disabilities</ref><ref>https://www.alzheimer-europe.org/our-work/partners/european-association-service-providers-persons-disabilities</ref> == Intego == Intego nyamukuru ya EASPD ni uguteza imbere amahirwe angana kubantu bafite ubumuga binyuze muri sisitemu nziza kandi nziza. Ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’amasezerano y’umuryango w’abibumbye y’uburenganzira bw’abafite ubumuga Itangwa rya serivise nziza-nziza, hamwe n’abakoresha-bishingiye kuri serivisi ikora muburyo bunoze, bunoze kandi bunoze Imikorere myiza nuburyo bwiza bwo kwiga kubakozi bakoreshwa muri serivisi. == Amateka == Ibintu byose byatangiye muri 1994 nurugendo rwumuhanda. Ibirometero 2500, umunsi wose nijoro ryose uva mu majyaruguru y’Uburayi ugana muri Porutugali kugira ngo witabe inama ivuga ku kuva mu burezi ujya ku kazi ku bafite ubumuga. Urwego rwa serivisi zita ku nkunga ntirwari rwubatswe icyo gihe ku rwego rw’Uburayi, kandi ubufatanye hagati y’abatanga serivisi mu Burayi ntabwo bwari bwaratejwe imbere uko bushoboye. Umurenge wacu ukeneye intego n'intego byariyongereye kandi byari bishingiye kuri uku gusobanukirwa ko intumwa zinyuranye zatangiye kuvuga kubyerekeye gushiraho urubuga rwiburayi, nyuma yo gukira gusa mumasaha 30! Mu 1995, nyuma y’inama itoroshye n’umuyobozi uhagarariye Komisiyo y’Uburayi, umunyamabanga mukuru wacu ushize Luk Zelderloo yabajije uwo muyobozi impamvu byari bigoye kuri bo kumva icyo abatanga serivisi bashaka. Bamubwiye ngo "tegura kandi ugaruke"! Nyuma yimyaka 10 akora cyane, EASPD yafunguye ibiro mumutima wa Bruxelles muri 2005 maze iba umunyamwuga rwose! Twakiriye abanyamuryango baturutse mu bihugu 47 bigize Umuryango w’uburayi n’umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi.<ref name=":0" /> == Icyerekezo == Twizera ko serivisi zunganira zigira uruhare runini mu gufasha abantu kubona uburenganzira bwabo bwa muntu ku buryo bungana, burenze ubumuga cyangwa ikindi kintu icyo ari cyo cyose. Nukuri iyi myizerere niyo iyobora imirimo yacu i [[Buruseli]], Strasbourg no [[Burayi|muburayi]] bwose. == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Umuryango w’Abibumye]] [[Ikiciro:Umuryango utegamiye kuri Leta]] [[Ikiciro:Uburenganzira bwa muntu]] [[Ikiciro:Uburezi]] [[Ikiciro:Ubumuga]] sakxgmdu9atw5xco4xrz3xt977rl4vt 0 17649 148929 146386 2026-11-05T00:48:15Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 148929 wikitext text/x-wiki Humanity&Inclusion/HI ni umuryango mpuzamahanga wita ku bafite ubumuga.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/ubushakashatsi-bwerekana-ko-hari-abafite-ubumuga-bakigorwa-no-kubona-imirimo</ref> == Ubusobanuro == * '''Humanity''' ni indangagaciro zisobanura '''Ubumuntu''' bugaragarira mubwitange buranga ibikorwa byawo, kubasha kwishyira mumwanya wabagenerwabikorwa, kubaba hafi cyane, no guha buri wese icyubahiro cye. * '''Inclusion''' ni intego nyamukuru isobanura '''kudaheza''' mu guha umwanya abafite ubumuga muri gahunda zose z'ubuzima, ndetse n'abandi bose bari mu byiciro bitandukanye by'abanyantege nke n'iby'abafite izindi mbogamizi zibangamira imibereho yabo, usanga kenshi batitaweho bihagije. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://mobile.igihe.com/IMG/pdf/itangazo-8.pdf |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-01-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240119200552/https://mobile.igihe.com/IMG/pdf/itangazo-8.pdf |archive-date=2024-01-19 |url-status=dead}}</ref> '''Amashakiro''' == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} n5h1u7wzcdkspm5jnbyhv74b8atirmt 0 17652 148922 136717 2026-11-04T23:14:13Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 148922 wikitext text/x-wiki == Igikoresho jyifasha umuntu kugenda == ==  '''A gait traine'''r: ni igikoresho kizunguruka gifasha umuntu udashobora kugenda yigenga ngo yige cyangwa yige kugenda neza kandi neza murwego rwo guhugura. Abatoza ba Gait bagenewe abana cyangwa abantu bakuru bafite ubumuga bwumubiri, kugirango batange amahirwe yo kuzamura ubushobozi bwo kugenda. Umutoza wo kugenda atanga ubufasha butaremereye hamwe no guhuza imyanya kugirango ashoboze imyitozo yo kugenda. Ikora nkumufasha wogutambuka kandi itanga ubufasha burenze kuringaniza no kwikorera ibiro, kuruta gukora ibizunguruka gakondo, cyangwa umutambukanyi ufite imigereka. Itanga kandi amahirwe yo kwihagararaho no kwihanganira uburemere mumutekano, ushyigikiwe. == Imyivumbagatanyo itandukanye irashobora kuvamo kudashobora kugenda wigenga, bisaba gukoresha umutoza wo kugenda. Ubumuga bwa moteri bushobora guterwa nuburwayi kuva mu bwana, nk'ubumuga bw'ubwonko, Spina bifida, cyangwa ubundi bumuga bw'isumbuyeho. Cyangwa, ubumuga bwo kugenda bushobora guterwa no gukomeretsa cyangwa kurwara, nko gukomereka k'ubwonko, gukomeretsa umugondo. Tutitaye kubitera ubumuga, umwana cyangwa umuntu mukuru arashobora kwiga kugenda, cyangwa kugarura ubushobozi bwo kugenda, binyuze mumyitozo yo kugenda. Ubuvumbuzi bwa vuba mu bijyanye na neuroplasticity bwerekana ubushobozi bwa muntu bwo kuzamura ubumenyi bwa moteri binyuze mu buvuzi bushingiye ku bikorwa, nubwo kwangirika kw'imitsi biturutse ku miterere cyangwa ibikomere. <ref>https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fddrr.61</ref> <ref name="pmid17012056">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3593413</ref> Nubwo ubwigenge busesuye mu kugenda bushobora kutagerwaho muri buri kintu, inyungu nini zirashobora kugerwaho mumbaraga zimitsi no kugenzura neuromotor mugutambuka, binyuze mumahugurwa ya moteri. <ref name="pmid17012056" /> <ref>https://doi.org/10.2522%2Fptj.20050212</ref> == Gukoresha abana b'abatoza == Umwe mu batanga amahugurwa mu kugenda ku abana bafite ubumuga bukomeye yatejwe imbere hagati ya za 1980 kugira ngo akoreshe MOVE Curriculum, n’umwarimu w’uburezi wihariye muri Californiya, Linda Bidabe, ku bufatanye n’abandi mu kigo cya Blair Learning Centre. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://med.wmich.edu/sites/default/files/D4_0.pdf |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-01-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240119205357/https://med.wmich.edu/sites/default/files/D4_0.pdf |archive-date=2024-01-19 |url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780975918302</ref> Kuva icyo gihe, igishushanyo mbonera cy’abana bato cyagiye gihinduka kandi kiratunganywa, kandi ababikora benshi bateje imbere abitoza kugenda neza. <ref>https://doi.org/10.1097%2FPEP.0b013e31816499a5</ref> == Gukoresha abitoza kugenda kugirango bakuze == Mu gusubiza mu buzima busanzwe abantu bakuru, imyitozo yo kugenda ikorwa muburyo bwambere mu tubari tubangikanye nkigikoresho gifasha cyane. Mugihe kugenda bigenda neza, umurwayi arashobora gutera imbere kugendagenda, inkoni, inkoni zombi cyangwa inkoni imwe. Iyi myitozo yo kugenda mubisanzwe ibaho mugihe cyo kuvura kumubiri. Iterambere rya vuba ryimyitozo ngororamubiri ifasha imyitozo yo kugenda, nko hejuru ya podiyumu, irashobora gutuma imyitozo myinshi yo kugenda n'amaguru idahwitse kumuvuzi, mugihe ugereranije namahugurwa gakondo yo kugenda. Mu gusubiza mu buzima busanzwe abantu, gukoresha sisitemu yuburemere bwibiro (BWS) bifasha abarwayi kugenda neza n'imbaraga nke. Sisitemu yokwita k'uburemere bw'umubiri ituma imyitozo yo kugenda hejuru ya podiyumu igenda neza. Cyangwa, bikabemerera kugendagenda hejuru y'ubutaka. Ibi, hamwe n'umurwayi ushyigikiwe birahagije kugirango habeho kuringaniza no gutwara ibiro, byongera igihe cyo kwitoza kugenda. Ubu buryo bwiza bwo kuvura bwongera ubushobozi bwo kongera ubumenyi bwa moteri. <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://stroke.ahajournals.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=7762049 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-01-19 |archive-date=2012-07-22 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120722212305/http://stroke.ahajournals.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=7762049 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://stroke.ahajournals.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=9626282 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-01-19 |archive-date=2012-07-14 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120714232650/http://stroke.ahajournals.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=9626282 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Amahirwe menshi yo kwitoza no gusubiramo intambwe, birashoboka cyane ko umurwayi yagarura ubushobozi bwo kugenda. Gukoresha hejuru yubutaka bugenda nkuburyo bwo guhugura abantu bakuze niyindi terambere rya vuba mubuzima busanzwe. Agaciro k'abatoza hejuru yubutaka ni uko ibyo bikoresho bisanzwe bihendutse kuruta sisitemu ya BWS, kandi bigafasha imyitozo yinyongera yo kugenda kurenza amasomo yo kuvura umubiri, haba mubigo cyangwa murugo rwumurwayi cyangwa aho batuye. Ukoresheje umutoza wo kugenda hejuru yimyitozo yo kugenda hasi, umurwayi afite ubufasha bwo kuringaniza kandi noneho ashobora kwinjiza imyitozo yo kugenda mubyo akora bya buri munsi. Kurugero, aho kuguma mu kagare k’ibimuga hagati yimyitozo ngororamubiri, umuntu ku giti cye arashobora gukoresha umutoza ugenda hejuru yubutaka kugirango yimenyereze kugenda no kuva muri cafeteria mu kigo, cyangwa mugihe ari mumasoko iyo ari hanze. Ubushakashatsi bwambere bwerekana ko bihagije hejuru yimyitozo ya lokomoteri yubutaka bishobora kuvamo ihwanye cyangwa birashoboka cyane kunoza ubushobozi bwo kugenda ugereranije namahugurwa yo gutera inkunga uburemere bwumubiri. <ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3017322</ref>Imyitozo yo gutembera hejuru yubutaka nigana hafi kumurimo-wisi wo kugenda. Imbaraga zubushake zo gutangiza intambwe no gutera imbere ni ngombwa mugutambuka hejuru, kandi ibyo bikoresho bifasha umurwayi kwiga kubyara no kugenzura izo mbaraga za moteri muburyo butaboneka kuri podiyumu. == Reba kandi == * Kugenda (kugenda) == Reba == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20101126224652/http://www.unitedspinal.org/publications/action/2010/09/14/gait-training-today/ Kwimenyereza Kugenda bifite Urutonde rwinyungu zubuzima kumuntu ufite ubumuga bwumugongo.] {{Health care}} [[Ikiciro:Ubumuga]] [[Ikiciro:Amahugurwa]] hnedf1yg9wm1yykyy08cxek95hq13zy 0 17696 148918 136628 2026-11-04T22:32:39Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 148918 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Mark DeSaulnier visiting Esko Bionics 01.jpg|thumb|ekso bionic]] == Ekso Bionics == [[Dosiye:Mark DeSaulnier visiting Esko Bionics 02.jpg|thumb|Ekso Bionics]] '''Ekso Bionics Holdings Inc.''' ni isosiyete iteza imbere Ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga bya bionike bikoresha ingufu za ezosikeletoni zishobora guhambirwa maze zigakora nka robo, zishobora kwambarwa kugirango zongere imbaraga, mu kugenda, hamwe n'abakozi bo mu nganda ndetse nabantu bafite ibibazo by'ubumuga ni bibazo by'ubwonko nyuma yo gukomereka k'ubwonko, siclerose nyinshi (MS) cyangwa igikomere cy'umugongo. Bifasha abantu bafite intege nke zamaguru, harimo nabamugaye, guhaguruka no kugenda. Ekso yatoranijwe n'ikinyamakuru cya Wired nimero yacyo ya kabiri igira iti "Igikoresho gikomeye cyane cyo mu mwaka wa 2010", <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140313110511/http://www.wired.com/gadgetlab/2010/12/top-tech-2010/?pid=928 The 10 Most Significant Gadgets of 2010] ''Wired'', 29 December 2010.</ref> kandi yashyizwe mu kinyamakuru the time "ibyiza 50 byo muri 2010". <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20101114075853/http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,2029497_2030618_2029794,00.html The 50 Best Inventions of 2010] ''Time'', 11 November 2010.</ref> Ekso Bionics yagaragaye kandi mu kinyamakuru ''Inc'' nka kimwe mu "Ibitekerezo 5 bikomeye mu myaka 15 iri imbere" . <ref>[http://www.inc.com/magazine/201211/issie-lapowsky/big-idea-4-get-millions-out-of-wheelchairs.html Meet the Makers of the Wearable Robot] ''Inc.'', 30 October 2012.</ref> == Amavu n'amavuko == [[Dosiye:Human_Universal_Load_Carrier.jpg|thumb| Umuntu utwara abantu bose]] Iyi sosiyete yashinzwe muri 2005 ku izina rya Berkeley ExoWorks na Homayoon Kazerooni, Russ Angold na Nathan Harding, abanyamuryango bose ba Laboratwire ya Berkeley na Laboratwari y’abantu muri kaminuza ya Californiya . Berkeley ExoWorks yerekanye ''ExoHiker'' na ''ExoClimber'', byombi bifite uburemere butwara ibiro 150. Muri 2016 kandi, Ekso Bionics yahawe FDA yemewe kugirango ikoreshwe n’abarwayi ba stroke na SCI. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=510(k) Premarket Notification |url=https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfpmn/pmn.cfm?ID=K143690 |access-date=2023-08-02 |website=www.accessdata.fda.gov}}</ref> [[Dosiye:EksoNR.jpg|thumb| EksoNR uko imeze]] Muri 2017, Ekso Bionics yongeyeho sofutiweye ya SmartAssist muri EksoGT, yongeraho imbaraga hamwe n'ubushobozi bwo kugenda neza mu ntambwe muri porogarame na Ekso. Muri 2019, Ekso Bionics yatangije EksoNR, ubukurikiyeho ikora igikoresho giteganijwe cya EksoGT. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2019-08-15 |title=Ekso Bionics® Unveils the Next Generation Exoskeleton for Neurorehabilitation |url=https://ir.eksobionics.com/press-releases/detail/668/ekso-bionics-unveils-the-next-generation-exoskeleton-for |access-date=2023-08-02 |website=Ekso Bionics Holdings, Inc. |language=en}}</ref> == Ibicuruzwa byashize == === Zeru-G === == Reba kandi == * Cyberdyne * Imashini za robo * ReWalk * HAL (robo) == Inyandiko == {{Reflist|32em}} == Izindi nyandiko ==   == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2011/10/09/sunday/main20117796.shtml?tag=contentBody%3BcbsCarouselCBS Intambwe ikurikira muri bionics] ''Amakuru ya CBS'', 9 Ukwakira 2011. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120111232321/http://www.myfoxdetroit.com/dpp/health/wearable-robot-helps-paralyzed-detroit-firefighter-walk-20120106-ms Imashini ishobora kwambara ifasha abamugaye Detroit Fire Fire Fire], ''Amakuru ya Fox'', 6 Mutarama 2012. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20111112190126/http://sixtyminutes.ninemsn.com.au/article.aspx?id=8281827 Gutera] ''Iminota 60'' (TV ya Australiya), 5 Kanama 2011. * [http://ieet.org/index.php/IEET/more/Munkittrick20120127 Exoskeletons "Ableist"?] Ikigo gishinzwe imyitwarire n’ikoranabuhanga rishya, 28 Mutarama 2012. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20151102012752/http://www.robotspodcast.com/podcast/2014/07/robots-ekso-bionics/ Ikiganiro cyamajwi na Russ Angold, washinze hamwe na CTO ya Ekso Bionics] Robots Podcast 25 Nyakanga 2014 [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ubumuga]] 8pbjk98uu6gn065hd7t36o8bcaar675 0 17812 148913 146785 2026-11-04T21:20:45Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 148913 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Braille phone.jpg|thumb|186x186px|braille phone]] [[Dosiye:Braille and tactile sign at lift North Quay Ferry Terminal Brisbane P1450022.jpg|thumb|168x168px|braille and tactile sign at lift]] Ikoranabuhanga rya Braille ni [[:en:Assistive_technology|tekinoroji]] ifasha ituma abantu [[Ubumuga bwo kutabona|bafite ubumuga bwo kutabona]] cyangwa bafite ubumuga bwo kutabona gusoma, kwandika, cyangwa gukoresha [[:en:Braille|braille]] hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga.<ref>https://www.teachingvisuallyimpaired.com/braille-technology.html</ref> Iri koranabuhanga ryemerera abakoresha gukora imirimo isanzwe nko kwandika, kureba kuri interineti, kwandika mu nyandiko ya Braille no gucapa mu nyandiko, kwishora mu biganiro, gukuramo dosiye n'umuziki, gukoresha imeri ya elegitoronike, gutwika umuziki, no gusoma inyandiko. Iyemerera kandi abanyeshuri bafite ubumuga bwo kutabona cyangwa ubumuga bwo kutabona kurangiza imirimo yose mwishuri nkabandi banyeshuri bigana kandi ibemerera kwiga kumurongo. Ifasha abanyamwuga gukora akazi kabo nabarimu gutanga ibiganiro bakoresheje ibyuma na software. Iterambere mu ikoranabuhanga rya [[:en:Braille|Braille]] rifite ireme kuko impumyi zishobora kubona inyandiko nyinshi, ibitabo, n'amasomero, kandi bikanorohereza gucapa inyandiko za Braille.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20080220185733/http://www.afb.org/Section.asp?SectionID=4&TopicID=31&DocumentID=1282</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.rncb.ac.uk/study/braille.shtml |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-01-24 |archive-date=2009-07-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090721024733/http://www.rncb.ac.uk/study/braille.shtml |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Dosiye:Elevator panel with Braille.jpg|thumb|elevator panel with braille]] "N'ubwo gahunda ya Braille igera ku isi hose, Ihuriro ry’igihugu ry’[[Ubumuga bwo kutabona|abafite ubumuga bwo kutabona]] rivuga ko 10 ku ijana gusa by’abafite ubumuga bwo kutabona bashobora gusoma Braille".<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.wired.com/science/discoveries/news/2000/02/34435 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-01-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121025084801/http://www.wired.com/science/discoveries/news/2000/02/34435 |archive-date=2012-10-25 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assistive_technology</ref> == Porogaramu == Zimwe muri software ziboneka muri iki gihe: [[:en:Braille_translator|'''Duxbury''' DBT]] ni gahunda yo guhindura inyandiko ya braille isobanura inkprint kuri braille na braille kuri inkprint yindimi zirenga 180. '''[[:en:JAWS_(screen_reader)|JAWS]]''', ni porogaramu isoma amagambo kuri ecran kandi igafasha gushakisha ububiko, inyandiko na porogaramu kuri Microsoft Windows. Amagambo ari kuri ecran arashobora no koherezwa kuri Braille yerekana. '''[[:en:Kurzweil_Educational_Systems|Kurzweil]]''', igikoresho gisikana inyandiko muri mudasobwa kandi kikavuga. '''[[:en:NonVisual_Desktop_Access|nvda]]''', [[:en:Open_source|fungura]] isoko ya ecran yo gusoma software hamwe na braille. == Ibyuma == [[:en:Braille_display|Kwerekana Braille]] Mwandikisho ya Braille, yakoreshwaga gusa nimyandikire ya Braille. Braille isoma abakoresha mudasobwa bahitamo clavier isanzwe nkinyandiko ihimba ibikoresho byinjiza. Mwandikisho ya mudasobwa ya Braille ni gake cyane. [[:en:Braille_embosser|Igishushanyo mbonera]] Icyapa cyandika [[:en:Braille_e-book|E-ibitabo]] bya e-Braille, ukoresheje [[:en:Electroactive_polymers|polymers]] amashanyarazi, <ref>http://spie.org/x37076.xml?ArticleID=x37076</ref> kugeza ubu nkigishushanyo mbonera<ref>https://www.teachingvisuallyimpaired.com/braille-technology.html</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Indimi]] [[Ikiciro:Ubumuga]] [[Ikiciro:Ubufasha bwibanze]] [[Ikiciro:Isi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Uburezi]] dzmqpizius39etpuqjvy6m3j6ysenjo 0 17886 148986 147368 2026-11-05T09:57:56Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 148986 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Patients availing telemedicine facility at G. B.Pant Hospital.jpg|thumb|Bimwe mubitaro bitanga serivice za telemedicine ]] [[Dosiye:Feasibility-of-AmbulanCe-Based-Telemedicine-(FACT)-Study-Safety-Feasibility-and-Reliability-of-pone.0110043.g001.png|thumb|Service za telemedicine zitangwa nibitaro ]] [[Dosiye:Physiotherapy equipment in Laquintinie Hospital Cameroon.jpg|thumb|300x300px|physiotherapy equipment ]] Uru rutonde '''rwabatanga serivise za telemedisine''' ni urwa telemedisine izwi cyane, [[:en:Telehealth|telehealth]], hamwe nabatanga [[Ubuzima|ubuzima na mobile]] . Ibi birimo ibikoresho byita kubuvuzi bwa kure, serivisi cyangwa urubuga rukoreshwa mu ntambwe zihariye mu nganda zita ku buzima, no kuvura kwa muganga. == Porogaramu ya software ihuza abarwayi nabashinzwe ubuzima == * [[Curoflow]] - Yashinzwe muri 2020. Porogaramu ya telemedisine yo muri Suwede ituma abashinzwe ubuzima batanga umuryango w’imbere ku barwayi babo. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-10-20 |title=Curoflow: Frictionless Digital Care for Healthcare Practices -- Online |url=https://www.healthcaretechoutlook.com/curoflow |access-date=2022-10-28 |website=Healthcare Tech Outlook |language=en-US}}</ref> * [[:en:AccuRx|AccuRx]] - Yashinzwe muri 2016. Isosiyete ikora software yo mu Bwongereza itanga serivisi zo kohereza abaganga kuvugana n’abarwayi binyuze mu nyandiko. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Browne |first=Ryan |date=2020-04-09 |title=Demand for telemedicine has exploded in the UK as doctors adapt to the coronavirus crisis |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2020/04/09/telemedecine-demand-explodes-in-uk-as-gps-adapt-to-coronavirus-crisis.html |access-date=2020-11-04 |website=CNBC |language=en}}</ref> <ref>https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/2019/02/24/start-up-sends-text-messages-gps-secures-9m/</ref> * [[:en:American_Well|Amwell]] - Yashinzwe mu 2006. Yahoze yitwa American Well, isosiyete ikora telemedine ihuza abarwayi n'abaganga kurubuga rwa videwo rwizewe. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Miller |first=Claire Cain |date=2008-11-19 |title=The Doctor Will See You Now -- Online |url=https://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/11/19/the-doctor-will-see-you-now-online/ |access-date=2020-11-05 |website=New York Times |language=en-US}}</ref> == [[Ubuhanga]] == [[:en:SmileDirectClub|SmileDirectClub]] - Yashinzwe muri 2014. Isosiyete ikora itumanaho itanga serivisi zo kugorora amenyo. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Wolf |first=Janine |date=24 September 2018 |title=Teeth-straightening startups can be a cheap alternative to braces. But orthodontists have their doubts. |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/lifestyles/health/sc-hlth-orthodontists-straightening-startups-risks-0924-story.html |access-date=2020-11-05 |website=chicagotribune.com}}</ref> [[:en:Teleradiology|Teleradiologiya]] == Ibikoresho byitaweho == * [[:en:Amazon_Clinic|Ivuriro rya Amazone]] - Ryashinzwe mu 2022. Imwe mumurongo wa Amazone mubuvuzi. <ref name="Niedt">https://www.kiplinger.com/personal-finance/shopping/amazon-health-care-has-a-new-virtual-clinic-amazon-clinic</ref> * [[:en:Mercy_VirtualImbabazi|Impuhwe Virtual]] - Yashinzwe muri 2015. Ikigo cyita ku buzima gikora gusa hakoreshejwe telemedisine. <ref>{{Cite web |last=mHealthIntelligence |date=2018-11-09 |title=Mercy Virtual Uses mHealth Wearables to Create a New Model of Care |url=https://mhealthintelligence.com/news/mercy-virtual-uses-mhealth-wearables-to-create-a-new-model-of-care |access-date=2020-11-04 |website=mHealthIntelligence |language=en-US |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190922021438/https://mhealthintelligence.com/news/mercy-virtual-uses-mhealth-wearables-to-create-a-new-model-of-care |archive-date=2019-09-22 |url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/powerpost/paloma/the-health-202/2019/03/22/the-health-202-hospitals-lean-into-virtual-health-care-even-as-medicare-won-t-cover-it/5c93a1121b326b0f7f38f220/</ref> * [[:en:Teladoc_Health|Ubuzima bwa Teladoc]] - Yashinzwe mu 2002. Isosiyete ikora ubuvuzi bwa telemedisine hamwe n’ubuvuzi busanzwe bufite icyicaro muri Amerika cyorohereza gusurwa hagati y’abarwayi n’abaganga. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Teladoc Health Inc - Company Profile and News |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/profile/company/TDOC:US |access-date=2020-11-04 |website=Bloomberg.com |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 October 2016 |title=How the North Texas Telemedicine Revolution Began |url=https://www.dmagazine.com/publications/d-ceo/2016/november/how-the-north-texas-telemedicine-revolution-began/ |access-date=2020-11-04 |website=D Magazine |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Thanks to Obamacare, virtual-reality doctors are booming |url=https://fortune.com/2014/09/24/obamacare-telemedicine-doctors-booming/ |access-date=2020-11-05 |website=Fortune |language=en}}</ref> == Dutandukanye == * [[:en:Hims_&_Hers_Health|Ubuzima bwa Hims & Hers]] - Yashinzwe muri 2017. Isosiyete y'Abanyamerika ya telehealth igurisha imiti yandikiwe na imiti irenga kuri interineti (cyane cyane ivura imikorere mibi yumusatsi no guta umusatsi), hamwe nibicuruzwa byita kumuntu. * [[:en:Phreesia|Phreesia]] - Yashinzwe mu 2005. Porogaramu-nka-serivise itanga serivise yo gufata neza abarwayi. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-06-24 |title=Phreesia, a 14-year digital health stalwart in the patient intake space, files for IPO |url=https://www.mobihealthnews.com/news/north-america/phreesia-14-year-digital-health-stalwart-patient-intake-space-files-ipo |access-date=2020-11-05 |website=MobiHealthNews |language=en |archive-date=2020-10-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030165921/https://www.mobihealthnews.com/news/north-america/phreesia-14-year-digital-health-stalwart-patient-intake-space-files-ipo |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Phreesia has strong public debut as 2nd digital health IPO in 2019 |url=https://www.fiercehealthcare.com/tech/phreesia-has-strong-public-debut-as-second-digital-health-ipo-2019 |access-date=2020-11-05 |website=FierceHealthcare |language=en}}</ref> * [[:en:Your.MD|Iwawe. MD]] - Isosiyete ikora ibijyanye nubuzima bwa digitale ikoresha AI kugirango itange abakoresha amakuru yubuzima binyuze kuri chatbot. <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20210922200148/https://eiuperspectives.economist.com/sites/default/files/Artificial_intelligence_in_the_real_world_1.pdf {{Bare URL PDF|date=March 2022}}</ref> * [[:en:Zocdoc|Zocdoc]] - Yashinzwe mu 2007. Serivisi ishinzwe ubuvuzi bwo kumurongo hamwe nubushakashatsi bwubuvuzi. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Farr |first=Christina |date=2019-01-29 |title=Doctor booking app Zocdoc will start charging a new patient fee despite objections from some providers |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2019/01/29/zocdoc-moves-ahead-with-its-new-business-model-change.html |access-date=2020-11-03 |website=CNBC |language=en}}</ref> == Shakisha == == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ikoranabuhanga]] [[Ikiciro:Ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho n'isakazabumenyi mu majyambere]] [[Ikiciro:Ubuvuzi]] [[Ikiciro:Ubumuga]] [[Ikiciro:Ubufasha bwibanze]] 11yz05m6wb5hdm97670e230tec21djx 0 17979 148949 147988 2026-11-05T03:30:22Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 148949 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Close up shot of a cow.jpg|thumb|Inka mumuco Nyarwanda]] [[Dosiye:Cows that are in garden.jpg|thumb|Inka zahutse]] [[Dosiye:Cow (Fleckvieh breed) Oeschinensee Slaunger 2009-07-07.jpg|thumb|Inka uri mu bwatsi]] [[Dosiye:Milking process.jpg|thumb|Gukama]] [[Dosiye:Wa vi mode al machene.jpg|thumb|Gukama Inka]] [[Dosiye:Milking cow.jpg|thumb|Umuntu iri gukama inka]] [[Dosiye:Inkongoro cya kinyarwanda.jpg|thumb|Inkongoro]] [[Dosiye:Inkongoro jp.jpg|thumb|Inkongoro]] Kubera agaciro [[Rwanda Nziza|abanyarwanda]] duha ibintu bimwe na bimwe mu '''muco''' nyarwanda '''nk'inka''', '''amata''', '''ingoma''' yafatwaga nk'ikimenyetso cy'ubutegetsi bwa kera, ndetse n' ubwami, hari amagambo agendanye n'ibyo bintu afite uburyo yavugwaga akagaragaza ako gaciro ibyo bintu byahabwaga mu muco nyarwanda. == Amagambo y'umuco akoreshwa ku mata == [[Dosiye:Inkongoro 1.jpg|thumb|Icyansi cy'amata]] '''mu kinyarwanda ntibavuga bavuga''' Amata yiriwe : Amirire<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.igihe.com/umuco/ikinyarwanda/ntibavuga-bavuga-ibyerekeye-inka-n-amata |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-02-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211019195345/https://www.igihe.com/umuco/ikinyarwanda/ntibavuga-bavuga-ibyerekeye-inka-n-amata |archive-date=2021-10-19 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Amata yakamwe akokanya agishyushye: Inshyushyu Amata yaraye ataravura : Umubanji Amata yavuze : Ikivuguto Amata y'inka yimye : amasitu Aho batereka amata : ku Ruhimbi Icyo bakamiramo amata : Icyansi Icyo banyweramo amata ; Inkongoro Icyo bacundiramo amata : Igisabo<ref>https://urwenya.wordpress.com/2015/01/01/ubusobanuro-bwigisabo-mu-gutwikurura/</ref> Icyo bapfundikiza igisabo : Inzindaro Icyo bavurugisha amata : Umutozo Gukura amavuta mumata : kwavura Ikibumbe cy'amavuta y'inka : Isoro Kumena amata ubishaka : Kuyabikira Gusuka amata mu kintu : kubuganiza Umuheha banywesha amata : umuceli Kumena amata utabishaka : Kuyabogora [[Dosiye:Igisabo cy'umuco.jpg|thumb|Igisabo bacundiramo amata]] Amata ykuwemo amavuta : Amacunda Amata y'inka ikimara kubyara : Umuhondo mu muco wa kinyarwanda kirazira gupfobya amata ngo uyite uduta, ahubwo mu [[Rwanda]] n'umuco warwo '''[[Amata Giramata|amata]]''' aba menshi cyangwa akaba make. == Amagambo y'umuco akoreshwa ku inka == [[Dosiye:Cow female black white.jpg|thumb|Inka]] '''mu [[Rwanda]] abanyarwanda n'umuco wabo ntibavuga bavuga''' Inzu y'inka : Ikiraro Inzu y'inyana : Uruhongore Ikiziriko cy'inka : Injishi Kuzirika inka : kujisha inka Gutangira gukama : Kwinikiza Kurangiza gukama : Guhumuza Inka itagikamwa : inka ya tetse Ibyo inka yituma ; Amase Ikirundo cy'amase : icukiro Amase yumye : Igisheshe Inkari z'inka : amaganga Kotesha inka ; Gucanira inka Gutwita kw'inka : Guhaka cyangwa Gufata Kurongorwa kw'inka : Kwima Inka ntirya : Irarisha Ubwatsi inka ziraramo : Icyarire Kujya kurisha : Kwahuka Kujyana inka kunywa amazi : Gushora Gukura amase mu rugo : Gukuka<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.igihe.com/umuco/ikinyarwanda/ntibavuga-bavuga-ibyerekeye-inka-n-amata |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-02-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211019195345/https://www.igihe.com/umuco/ikinyarwanda/ntibavuga-bavuga-ibyerekeye-inka-n-amata |archive-date=2021-10-19 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Inka itarabyara ariko nkuru : Ishashi Inka yabuze urubyaro : Inkumba Ubwatsi bahanaguza inka : Inkuyu ahandi bitewe nagace Inkuyo Kujyana kwima : Kubangurira Kubuza Inyana konka igihe nyina ikamwa : Kwimira Kureka inyana akabanza konka mbere yo gukama :Kuretesha Inka yiteguye gukamwa : Kureta Inka yiteguye kwima : kurinda Inka ijyanwa gusaba umugeni : Inkwano Inka ikomoka ku nkwano ihabwa iwabo w'umuhungu : Indongoranyo Indongoranyo Guha umuntu Inka : Kumugabira Inka ihabwa uwaguhaye inka : Inyiturano [[Dosiye:Ikiraro cyinka 1.jpg|thumb|ikiraro inka zibyagira mo]] Inka yirutse igasiga abashumba : Gutana Inyana ikivuka : Umutavu Kuruhuka kw'inka mbere yo gusubira kurisha : Kubyagira Aho inka zibyagira ; ku Ibuga si ibi gusa kandi mu kinyarwanda hari amagambo menshi akomoka ku nka ndetse no ku mata akoreshwa mu rwego rwo gusigasira [[Umuco nyarwanda|umuco gakondo]] w' abanyarwanda. == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} n2ril04b3lr4u6rqt93rn31m529lvzv 0 18077 148956 137813 2026-11-05T04:39:49Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 148956 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mukandayisenga Jeannine,''' Umukinnyi wumupira wamaguru mubagore wavukiye Ikarama Mukarere ka Nyagatare.[https://mobile.igihe.com/imikino/football/article/imiterere-ye-n-ibanga-ry-intsinzi-menya-byinshi-kuri-kaboy-wa-rayon-sports-y] == Urugendo muri Football == Mukandayisenga Jeannine kimwe nkabandi bakinnyi Bose yatangiye gukina Akiri muto Afite Imyaka 10 Mumashuri aho yakiniraga ikigo yigagaho Inyagatare. [[Dosiye:NyagatareDist.png|center|thumb|Aho Jeannine yavukiye]] [[Dosiye:Umufana wa Rayon Sport.jpg|thumb|Umufana wa Rayon sport Jeanine yakinnyemo]] Arinaho Byavirimo abatoza bo mukiciro kambere mubagore kumubona Ahava ajya mwikipe ya Inyemera WFC yigicumbi ahakina imyaka ibiri ubu akaba akina muri Rayon sports WFC.[https://mobile.igihe.com/imikino/football/article/imiterere-ye-n-ibanga-ry-intsinzi-menya-byinshi-kuri-kaboy-wa-rayon-sports-y] == Amakipe yanyuzemo == Mukandayisenga Jeannine uzwi kukazina ka "Kaboy" yanyuze mumakipe atandukanya Mu Rwanda. 1.Inyemera WFC 2.Rayon sports WFC nikipe yigihugu Amavubi Women Football National Team. == Ibikombe yatwaye == Shampiyona Imwe na Rayon sports WFC 2023/2024 == Ibihembo yegukanye == Mukandayisenga Jeannine yegukanye igihembo cy'ukwezi 10/2023 cyumukinnyi mwiza wa Rayon sports WFC [https://web.archive.org/web/20240320182542/https://www.rwandamagazine.com/imikino/article/herthier-nzinga-luvumbu-na-mukandayisenga-jeanine-batowe-nk-abakinnyi-beza-b] == Iriburiro == https://mobile.igihe.com/imikino/football/article/imiterere-ye-n-ibanga-ry-intsinzi-menya-byinshi-kuri-kaboy-wa-rayon-sports-y https://web.archive.org/web/20240320182542/https://www.rwandamagazine.com/imikino/article/herthier-nzinga-luvumbu-na-mukandayisenga-jeanine-batowe-nk-abakinnyi-beza-b [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore ba abayobozi]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore babanyapolitike]] bq43bq6j8fqixppfpclb4y7s0wd71is 0 18581 148954 147040 2026-11-05T04:15:02Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 148954 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Market In Africa.jpg|thumb]] Iri soko ricurizwamo ibicurizwa ibi bikurikira:imboga,imbuto,ibinyabijumba,imyambaro ndetse n'ibindi. == Isoko rya Ntunga == Isoko rya Ntunga riherereye mu akarere ka [[Rwamagana Fc|Rwamagana]] umurenge wa Mwurire akagari ka Ntunga rikaba ari isoko rikorerwa mo ubucuruzi bw'ingeri zose harimo ibiribwa,imyambaro,ibikoresho,amatungo ndetse n'ibindi byinshi bitandukanye. [[Dosiye:Markets,a place were fruits are homed.jpg|thumb]] Minisitiri w’Intebe ubwo yafunguraga iri soko riri mu kagari ka Ntunga yashimiye ubuyobozi bw’akarere bwaryubatse, abasaba kuricunga neza ngo hatazagira ikiryangiza kuko ryinjiriza akarere amafaranga ibihumbi 500 mu cyumweru. Yavuze ko aho yabajije ibiciro hose ubwo yaritambagiragamo yasanze ibicuruzwa bihendutse kurusha mu Mujyi wa kigali, avuga ko Abanyakigali bashobora kurihahiramo kuko ari hafi. Ni isoko ricururizwamo ibiribwa byiganjemo ibituruka mu Karere ka Rwamagana. Rigizwe n’ibagiro rya kijyambere, ahacururizwa imyambaro, ibikoresho binyuranye byo mu rugo n’iby’ubwubatsi; rikaba rirema ku wa mbere no ku wa kane. == Akamaro k'iri soko rya ntunga == Abaturage bo muri aka karere barashimira ubuyobozi bwabatekereje ho bakabubakira iri soko rya kijyambere kuko ribafatiye runini harimo nko;gufasha abaturage kuba bakora ubucuruzi bwabo neza,gucuruza nta izuba ribageraho ndetse iri soko rinafasha abaturage kuba babasha guhaha buri kimwe bashaka batagiye kure y'iwabo.Iri soko kandi riri hafi y'umugi wa [[Kigali Convention Centre|Kigali]] naho babasha guhahirayo ndetse nabacuruzi baho barangura yo. == Inyubako y'isoko rya Ntunga == [[Dosiye:South African commercial fish in Hout Bay.JPG|thumb]] Inyubako y'isoko rya kijyambere rya Ntunga ryubatse mu Murenge wa Mwurire mu Karere ka Rwamagana ryuzuye ritwaye Miliyoni 333. Minisitiri w’Intebe ubwo yafunguraga iri soko riri mu kagari ka Ntunga nkuko twabivuze yashimiye ubuyobozi bw’akarere bwaryubatse, abasaba kuricunga neza ngo hatazagira ikiryangiza kuko ryinjiriza akarere amafaranga ibihumbi 500 mu cyumweru. Yavuze ko aho yabajije ibiciro hose ubwo yaritambagiragamo<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://mobile.igihe.com/ubukungu/ubucuruzi/rwamagana-isoko-rya-ntunga-ryakemuye-byinshi-ku-bahakorera |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-05-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240522125640/https://mobile.igihe.com/ubukungu/ubucuruzi/rwamagana-isoko-rya-ntunga-ryakemuye-byinshi-ku-bahakorera |archive-date=2024-05-22 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} trl3rd7yt4uwwlkl0a450ln9wjz5vct 0 18596 148947 138107 2026-11-05T03:14:43Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 148947 wikitext text/x-wiki == Amateka == Impano Agency ni itsinda rigamije gufasha urubyiruko kwiteza imbere rushingiye ku mpano ubwazo rwifitemo zitandukanye, ikanakora imishinga bihangiye ubwabo n’ibikorwa byo guteza imbere igihugu.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://mobile.igihe.com/ubukungu/iterambere/impano-agency-mu-bikorwa-byo-kwiteza-imbere-nk-urubyiruko |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-05-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240522222717/https://mobile.igihe.com/ubukungu/iterambere/impano-agency-mu-bikorwa-byo-kwiteza-imbere-nk-urubyiruko |archive-date=2024-05-22 |url-status=dead}}</ref>Imaze kugera kubanyamuryango 19. == Intego == Uko ari abanyamuryango 19 bose intego zabo n'ugufasha urubyiruko,kwihangira umurimo no guhindura sosiyete nyarwanda. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} 7qnit9ybdchw2qlrzo7kwyr3otj1suh 0 18611 148931 138790 2026-11-05T01:17:25Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 148931 wikitext text/x-wiki == 1.Urubyiruko n'iki == [[Dosiye:Youth in action for green rwanda.jpg|thumb|317x317px]] Urubyiruko ni umuntu uri hagati y'umwaka 1 kugeza ku myaka 35 yaba umuhungu cyangwa umukobwa kandi nanone akenshi na kenshi baba bafite imbaraga zo kubaka igihugu cyababyaye bakagiteza imbere<ref>https://rw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Urubyiruko_mu_Rwanda&veaction=edit</ref> == Ibikorwa by'urubyiruko mu Rwanda == Urubyiruko rukora ibikorwa byinshi twavuamo nk'ibikorwa byo mu ikoranamuhanga, mu burezi ,mu utekano ndetse n'ibindi: Mu ikoranabuhanga twavugamo ka hari urubiruko rufite ubucuruzi bwo kuri murandasi ribingiriza amafaranga naho mu bureze ha urubyiruko rurahari ku bwinshi aho rufatanya n'Imana kurera ,barerera igihugu kandi bakiteza imbere bateza imbere igihugu naho mu mutekano ho ntawasidikanya ko mu ngabo z'u == Rwanda abenshi ari urubyiruka ngaho muri Mozambique, Centrafrica nahandi urwo rubyiruko rw'igihugu ruhitwara neza rugatahanaa intsinzi murumva rero ko ibikorwa by'urubyiruko rufitiye igihugu akamaro gakomeye ndetse n'isi muri rusange<ref>[https://www.rba.co.rw/post/Urubyiruko-rusagaibihumbi-8-rwitabiriye-ibikorwa-byurugerero-ruciye-ingando https://www.rb][https://web.archive.org/web/20240523115736/https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/minisitiri-w-intebe-yasoje-youthconnekt-asaba-kongera-ibikorwa-bifasha https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/minisitiri-whttps://web.archive.org/web/20240523115736/https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/minisitiri-w-intebe-yasoje-youthconnekt-asaba-kongera-ibikorwa-bifasha-intebe-yasoje-youthconnekt-asaba-kongera-ibikorwa-bifasha][https://www.rba.co.rw/post/Urubyiruko-rusagaibihumbi-8-rwitabiriye-ibikorwa-byurugerero-ruciye-ingando a.co.rw/post/Urubyiruko-rusagaibihumbi-8-rwitabiriye-ibikorwa-byurugerero-ruciye-ingando]</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/minisitiri-w-intebe-yasoje-youthconnekt-asaba-kongera-ibikorwa-bifasha |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-05-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240523115736/https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/minisitiri-w-intebe-yasoje-youthconnekt-asaba-kongera-ibikorwa-bifasha |archive-date=2024-05-23 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://panorama.rw/mu-rwanda-hatangije-igikorwa-cyurubyiruko-cyiswe-generation-unlimited/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-05-23 |archive-date=2024-05-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240523115737/https://panorama.rw/mu-rwanda-hatangije-igikorwa-cyurubyiruko-cyiswe-generation-unlimited/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} n2y9jto33xca2lsyky5bxevmg830kt5 0 18851 148961 138168 2026-11-05T05:16:02Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 148961 wikitext text/x-wiki == Kubungabunga ibidukikinke == [[Dosiye:Example Species forest.jpeg|thumb|forest]] [[Dosiye:Hellyer Gorge, Tasmania.jpg|thumb]] Minisiteri y'ibidukikije ku bufatanye n'ubuyobozi n'umuryango ushinzwe kubungabunga ibidukikije,no kuzamura iterambere ry'ubuhinzi mu kubungabunga ibidukikije ndetse no kurwanya ubukene uhereye ku Muturage wo hasi (APEFA) baributsa abanyarwanda ko nk'uko imihindagurikire y'ibihe igera ku bantu bose no kuyirwanya bireba buri wese. <ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ibidukikije/ibungabunga/article/abanyarwanda-barasabwa-kurwanya-imihindagurikire-y-ibihe-kuko-ingaruka-zigera-kuri-bose</ref><ref>https://www.igihe.com///ibidukikije/?debut_gh_news=30#pagination_gh_news</ref> == Ingamba == [[Dosiye:Forest species - panoramio.jpg|thumb|FOREST]] U Rwanda rwashyizeho politiki n'ingamba zigamije kubungabunga no kurwanya igabanuka ry'urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima. Mu ntego z'icyerekezo 2025. Biteganyijwe ko u Rwanda ruzaba mu bihugu bifite iterambere ritabangamiye ibigukikije kandi ry'ihanganira imihindagurikire y'ibihe. U Rwanda ruherutse kandi gutangaza ingamba zivuguruye z'ibikorwa ryiyemeje mu rwego rwo kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere ku kigero cya 38% mu myaka icumi iri imbere (Nationally Determined Contribution) ndetse rwanayitanze mu Muryango w'abibumbye rukaba aricyo gihugu cya mbere muri Afurika gitanze izi ngamba.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.environment.gov.rw/news-detail/abanyarwanda-barakangurirwa-kubungabunga-urusobe-rw-ibinyabuzima |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-07-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250126104953/https://www.environment.gov.rw/news-detail/abanyarwanda-barakangurirwa-kubungabunga-urusobe-rw-ibinyabuzima |archive-date=2025-01-26 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} 191ndym1dkmxiiccrr4zs4cisognvob 0 18852 148910 137905 2026-11-04T20:21:05Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 148910 wikitext text/x-wiki == Amabwiriza y'ubutaka == [[Dosiye:Vista de Garachico, Tenerife, España, 2012-12-13, DD 05.jpg|thumb|Landuse]] Iteka rivugako nyir'ubutaka atagomba kwima inzira umuturanyi iganisha ku mutungo we utimukanwa cyangwa cyangwa se parcelle ye. Kutabuza amazi asanzwe atambera mu butaka bwe. ntagomba kwanga abandi bantu kubina amazi ava ku iriba ryabonetse ku butaka bwe. Nyirubutaka atanga atanga uruhushya rw'inzira niba abantu bakeneye inzira yo kugera kumazi mugihe nta bundi buryo. umuntu ushaka mugihe ashaka uburenganzira bw'ibice asaba mu nyandiko nyiru ubutaka. hamwe na kopi ku bubasha bw'akagari aho isambu iherereyemo.Ububasha bw'akagari bufata icyemezo bukamenyesha nyir'ubutaka.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.environment.gov.rw/news-detail/the-cabinet-approved-orders-to-implement-new-land-law |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-07-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240712124843/https://www.environment.gov.rw/news-detail/the-cabinet-approved-orders-to-implement-new-land-law |archive-date=2024-07-12 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Uburyo bw'imikoreshereze y'ubutaka == Iteka rikibiyemo uburenganzira ku nzego za Leta zo gukoresha ubutaka bwa Leta. kw'ishimira umusaruro wabwo, gukoresha umutungo wabwo, no gufatanya gucunga ubutaka bwa Leta. Irimo kandi inshingano z'inzengo za Leta zo gukoresha neza ubutaka kandi bagatanga raporo uko bikwiye. iriteka rya Leta ryongeye gushimangira ko Minisiteri ishinzwe ubutaka igomba gucunga neza imicungire y'ubutaka bwa Leta kandi ko ari urwego rubifitiye ububasha bwo guha inzego za Leta uburenganzira bwo gukoresha ubutaka bwa Leta no kwemerera ihererekanya bubasha hagati yabo.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.rema.gov.rw/rema_doc/Policies/LAND%20%20POLICY%20(ENGLISH).pdf |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-07-12 |archive-date=2024-07-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240712124843/https://www.rema.gov.rw/rema_doc/Policies/LAND%20%20POLICY%20%28ENGLISH%29.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.rema.gov.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/5-Land_Law_2021.pdf |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-07-12 |archive-date=2024-07-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240712124844/https://www.rema.gov.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/5-Land_Law_2021.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} 62dg6u4mo9gliesrmwhn7t4vd1v0hgs 0 19125 148941 146909 2026-11-05T02:26:38Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 148941 wikitext text/x-wiki REMA(Rwanda Environment Management Authority) ni ikigo cya leta cyo kubungabunga ibidukikije. Gishinzwe kureba niba ibibazo by'ibidukikije n'imihindagurikire y'ikirere byagira akamaro mwiterambere ry'igihugu,Kurebera muri rusange ibibazo by'ibidukikije hamwe niby'imihindagurikire y'ikirere mu nzego zose kugirango kinoze imikorere n'umusaruro mukugabanya ibibazo by'imihindagurikire y'ikirere yugarije u Rwanda hamwe ni'byabaturage hagamijwe kurwanya umwanda no kwemeza amabwiriza y'ibidukikije hagambiriwe iterambere rirambye.<ref>https://www.rema.gov.rw/home</ref> == Icyo bakora == -'''kugarura urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima;''' U [[Rwanda]] rwahawe urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima bitandukanye kuva mumashyamba yo mu bibaya no mubyatsi byerekeza iburasirazuba ariko kandi bikagira urusobe rukomeye rw'ibinyabuzima byo mu mazi. urusobe rwibinyabuzima ruri mu micungire ya parike rufasha neza ibinyabuzima byangiritse gakeya cyangwa cyane bityo gusakaza imirimo y'ibidukikije aringenzi kumibereho myiza n'ubukungu mu Rwanda.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.environment.gov.rw/news-detail/abanyarwanda-barakangurirwa-kubungabunga-urusobe-rw-ibinyabuzima |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-07-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250126104953/https://www.environment.gov.rw/news-detail/abanyarwanda-barakangurirwa-kubungabunga-urusobe-rw-ibinyabuzima |archive-date=2025-01-26 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://greenfund.rw/kin/gahunda-yo-kugarura-urusobe-rwibinyabuzima-no-kubaka-ubudahangarwa-ku-mihindagurikire-yibihe |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-07-31 |archive-date=2024-07-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240731142932/https://greenfund.rw/kin/gahunda-yo-kugarura-urusobe-rwibinyabuzima-no-kubaka-ubudahangarwa-ku-mihindagurikire-yibihe |url-status=dead }}</ref> -'''Kubungabunga urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima''';U [[Rwanda]] rufite ahantu hatandukanye ndetse n'ibinyabuzima bitandukanye kuva mu mashyamba y'imisozi migari kugeza kuri Savannah,Ibiyaga,Inzuzi n'ibishanga bifasha ibinyabuzima nk'amazi,Isuri ndetse no kurwanya imihindagurikire y'ikirere.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.environment.gov.rw/news-detail/abanyarwanda-barakangurirwa-kubungabunga-urusobe-rw-ibinyabuzima |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-07-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250126104953/https://www.environment.gov.rw/news-detail/abanyarwanda-barakangurirwa-kubungabunga-urusobe-rw-ibinyabuzima |archive-date=2025-01-26 |url-status=dead}}</ref> '''-Imihindagurikire y'ibihe;''' Imihindagurikire y'ibihe ku bushyuhe n'imvura mu karere kibiyaga bigari habagukwirakwiza impinduka ku byibanze biterwa n'ikirere nk'umwuzure,inkangu n'amapfa byibasiye u [[Rwanda]] bikagira ingaruka mbi kubaturage.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://greenfund.rw/greengicumbi/sites/default/files/2023-02/Agatabo%20Kavuga%20ku%20Mihindagurikire%20y%27Ibihe%20n%27Ibikorwa%20bya%20Green%20Gicumbi.pdf |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-07-31 |archive-date=2024-07-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240731142932/https://greenfund.rw/greengicumbi/sites/default/files/2023-02/Agatabo%20Kavuga%20ku%20Mihindagurikire%20y%27Ibihe%20n%27Ibikorwa%20bya%20Green%20Gicumbi.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} s45buplyuvcfe8x4ttxij9fg27s30l5 0 19242 148946 134804 2026-11-05T03:12:37Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 148946 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Imiyoboro y’amazi,''' ni nzira zikoreshwa mu gukwirakwiza no kwegereza amazi meza abaturage mu [[Rwanda]]. Amazi ni kimwe mu bintu nkenerwa bimaze iminsi bihangayikishije abanyarwanda benshi. Mu [[Akarere ka Rwamagana|Karere ka Rwamagana]] abagerwaho n’amazi meza yo kunywa ni 82% mu gihe abagerwaho n’amashanyarazi ari 77%.<ref>https://www.igihe.com/ubukungu/article/imishinga-itandatu-iri-guhindura-isura-n-imibereho-y-abatuye-rwamagana</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/kigali-umushinga-wo-kugeza-amazi-meza-ku-baturage-uzarangira-utwaye-miliyari-62-frw</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/rubavu-kubaka-imiyoboro-y-amazi-ntibyakemuye-ikibazo-cy-imyuzure |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-08-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240823154451/https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/rubavu-kubaka-imiyoboro-y-amazi-ntibyakemuye-ikibazo-cy-imyuzure |archive-date=2024-08-23 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/imirimo-yo-kubaka-umuyoboro-w-amazi-ugizwe-n-itiyo-nini-mu-rwanda-igeze-kuri-99</ref> == Amateka == Mu [[Akarere ka Rwamagana|Karere ka Rwamagana]] hubatswe imiyoboro itatu y’amazi irimo umuyoboro wa Fumbwe watwaye miliyoni 927 Frw, umuyoboro wa Gahengeri watwaye miliyoni 676 Frw n’umuyoboro wa Rubona wa miliyoni 828 Frw. == Amashakiro == {{reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Rwamagana]] [[Ikiciro:Ibikorwaremezo]] [[Ikiciro:Iterambere ry'u Rwanda]] nfnom293juj3sue6wu4sxedgwo69zzy 0 19387 148963 144226 2026-11-05T05:20:10Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 148963 wikitext text/x-wiki Abarimu bo mu [[Umurenge wa Kigabiro|Murenge wa Kigabiro]] bagiranye igihango n’ubuyobozi bw’[[Akarere ka Rwamagana]] cyo kurwanya ihohoterwa iryo ari ryo ryose rituma abana bata ishuri . <ref name=":0">https://muhaziyacu.rw/amakuru/rwamagana-abarimu-bihaye-intego-yo-kurwanya-ihohoterwa-mu-mashuri/</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |url=https://www.rwamagana.gov.rw/soma-ibindi/hatangijwe-ubukangurambaga-ku-burenganzira-bwa-muntu-no-kurwanya-ihohoterwa-rikorerwa-abagore-nabakobwa |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-09-07 |archive-date=2024-09-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907183741/https://www.rwamagana.gov.rw/soma-ibindi/hatangijwe-ubukangurambaga-ku-burenganzira-bwa-muntu-no-kurwanya-ihohoterwa-rikorerwa-abagore-nabakobwa |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/123225/rwamagana-barasabwa-gukumira-ihohoterwa-rishingiye-ku-gitsina-123225.html</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/u-rwanda-ruzifatanya-n-isi-mu-kurwanya-ihohoterwa-rishingiye-ku-gitsina-mu-gihe-cy-iminsi-16 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-09-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907183740/https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/u-rwanda-ruzifatanya-n-isi-mu-kurwanya-ihohoterwa-rishingiye-ku-gitsina-mu-gihe-cy-iminsi-16 |archive-date=2024-09-07 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Amateka == Mu kwizihiza umunsi mpuzamahanga wa Mwarimu, kuwa 14 Ukuboza 2023, mu [[Umurenge wa Kigabiro|Murenge wa Kigabiro]], abarimu, abayobozi b’ibigo by’amashuri n’ubuyobozi bw’Akarere bizihije uyu munsi mu birori byaranzwe n’imbyino z’abana bato, indirimbo za bamwe mu barezi ndetse n’ibiganiro byashojwe n’ubusabane. <ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> Abarimu bo mu Murenge wa Kigabiro biyemeje kurwanya ihohoterwa iryo ari ryo ryose rikorerwa abana, guzafatanya n’izindi nzego kurwanya inda z’imburagihe mu bangavu n’izitateganyijwe ku bakuru, gufatanya kandi n’inzego z’ibanze mu kugarura abana bataye ishuri no gutangira amakuru ku gihe aho twabonye babonye hohoterwa”<ref name=":1" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Rwamagana]] [[Ikiciro:Intara y'iburasirazuba]] [[Ikiciro:Uburezi mu Rwanda]] njmq2b05x30aro1ba8qln8nhbekb6en 0 19844 148935 139717 2026-11-05T01:48:33Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 148935 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Icyansi nyarwanda.jpg|thumb|Icyansi]] '''Icyansi''' ni kimwe mu bikoresho byakera bakoreshawa n'abakurambere bu [[Rwanda]], ndetse cyarangaga [[umuco nyarwanda]], aho icyansi cyari kimwe mu byakoreshwaga mu gukama cyangwa se mu gufata neza [[amata]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://rwandamagazine.com/umuco/article/ntibavuga-bavuga-ibyerekeye-inka-n-amata |title=Archive copy |access-date=2025-03-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250607054558/https://rwandamagazine.com/umuco/article/ntibavuga-bavuga-ibyerekeye-inka-n-amata |archive-date=2025-06-07 |url-status=dead}}</ref> icyansi cyabaga ari inkongoro yabazwaga mugiti cy'umusave cyangwa umukerenke n'isabo byakurwaga mu nzuzi zirega ibicuma zigaterekwa zikamara igihe zikabyazwamo icyansi cyo kubungabunga amata mumuco nyarwanda. [[Dosiye:Icyansi cyirimo inshushyu.jpg|thumb|Icyansi]] Mu muco nyarwanda, '''icyansi''' ni igikoresho cy’umwimerere gikoreshwaga mu gukama amata avuye ku nka. By’umwihariko, cyari kimwe mu bikoresho by’ingenzi mu kubungabunga amata, kuzirinda umwanda, no kugaragaza agaciro k’inka mu muryango.<ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/umuco/ikinyarwanda/ntibavuga-bavuga-ibyerekeye-inka-n-amata</ref> == Icyansi == Icyansi kiraziririzwa ndetse niyo cya'menetse hari umvugo bakoresha, icyansi nti kimeneka ahubwo kirabyara, cyangwa kiraseka. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://rwandamagazine.com/umuco/article/ntibavuga-bavuga-ibyerekeye-inka-n-amata |title=Archive copy |access-date=2025-03-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250607054558/https://rwandamagazine.com/umuco/article/ntibavuga-bavuga-ibyerekeye-inka-n-amata |archive-date=2025-06-07 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Umuco]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco w' U Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] cjsqhppge5cktixt1eo3yu650qa9q8n 0 19876 148975 136726 2026-11-05T07:30:36Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 148975 wikitext text/x-wiki == Umugabekazi Nyiratunga == Nyiratunga yabanje gushakwa na Gihana Nyamihana umwana wa Cyilima Rujugira akaba umugabo bakaba bari batuye ku Muyange wera ibisabo mu Ruhango rwa Mutakara na Nangingare ubu niho hubatse ishuri rya Muyange!. Ndabarasa rero umuvandimwe wa Gihana Nyamihana yimye ingoma ya se Cyilima Rujugira yimana irya Kigeli aba Kigeli Ndabarasa atanze nawe Sentabyo ahabwa uruharo ngo arwigize imbere yimana irya Mibambwe gusa ntiyatinda ku ngoma ku bw’ubwiko bwa Gatarabuhura umuvandimwe we washakaga kumwaka ingoma. Gatarabuhura umwe mu bazwiho mu mateka y’u Rwanda kuba bararwaniye ubutegetsi.[https://web.archive.org/web/20250209123208/https://ubumwe.com/abatoya-ntibagapfe-bararenga-barashira-inkomoko/] Izina rya Gatarabuhura riza mu mateka bwa mbere igihe cy’iyimikwa ry’umwami Mibambwe III Sentabyo, umwami wimikiwe hafi ya Muhazi ahitwa i Gasange (mu cyahoze ari Komini Giti ya (…) [https://web.archive.org/web/20181015062422/http://www.igihe.com/umuco/amateka/intambara-y-izungura-ku-ngoma-ya-mibambwe-sentabyo] Muri icyo gihe rero nibwo abiru bateguriye umuhiigo Mibambwe Sentabyo baca iraro kwa Nyiratunga bukeye Nyiratunga asama Gahindiro umwana rukumbi wa Mibambwe Sentabyo! Ugenekereje isano, Mibambwe Sentabyo yari nk’umwana wa Nyiratunga kuko Sentabyo ni uwa Kigeli Ndabarasa umuvandimwe wa Gihana Nyamihana umugabo wa Nyiratunga bakaba bene Cyilima Rujugira. Nyuma y’itanga rya Mibambwe Sentabyo azize ubushita himye uruhinja rwe na Nyiratunga arirwo Gahindiro ka Mibambwe rwimana irya Yuhi, ruba Yuhi Gahindiro.[https://web.archive.org/web/20250209123208/https://ubumwe.com/abatoya-ntibagapfe-bararenga-barashira-inkomoko/] swbjewom26z8a8tt4eaz5ab61yunnhm 0 19877 148921 141910 2026-11-04T23:09:53Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 148921 wikitext text/x-wiki == Gihanga ngomijana == Ni umwami wambere w'Urwanda wahanze ingoma y'urwanda wavukiye mu umubari (Ubu ni mukarere ka kayonza) Mu ntangiriro z’ubutegetsi bwe, Gihanga nta ngoma yimanye, ahubwo yategekeshaga ibindi birango bibiri aribyo inyundo n’ikindi gikoresho cy’umuziki bita urusengo.Ibyo gushyiraho ingoma nk’ikimenyetso cy’ubwami ngo yaba yarabizaniwe n’uwitwa Rubunga nawe abikopeye mu bucurabwenge bwakoreshwaga n’abitwa Abarenge. Abarenge bari Abasinga, aribo bitwaga Abasangwabutaka(bivuga abo Abanyiginya basanze bategeka) ngo akaba ari bo bari mu gihugu mbere y’uko iriya ngoma Nyiginya iza kurutegeka.Ingoma ya mbere yakoreshejwe n’ubutegetsi bwa Gihanga yahawe izina rya Rwoga bituruka ku ijambo ’kwogera’ cyangwa se ’kwamamara’.[https://web.archive.org/web/20190626115040/http://igihe.com/umuco/amateka/amateka-y-umwami-gihanga-i-ngomijana] == Abagore Gihanga Yashakanye nabo == Ikindi amateka garagaza, avuga ko Gihanga yagiye abyara abana batandukanye badahuje ba nyina kuko nawe yari afite [[Umugore|abagore]] benshi nk'uko byari bisanzwe bimenyerewe mu Rwanda rwo ha mbere. Umugore wa mbere wa Gihanga ari uwitwa Nyamususa akaba umukobwa wa Jeni uturuka mu bwoko bw'Abarenge akaba yarabyaranye n'uyu mugore Kanyarwanda Gahima (Wamusimbuye ku Ngoma), Kanyandorwa Sabugabo se wa Mushambo ukomokwaho n'ubwoko bw' Abashambo (Wabaye Umwami wo mu Ndorwa), Ndetse n'uwitwa Kanyabugesera Mugondo se wa Muhondogo sekuruza w'ubwoko Abahondogo (Bategetse u Bugesera), Ndetse na Nyirarucyaba umukuramberekazi w'ubwoko bw'Abacyaba (Bategekaga Ingoma y'u Bugara). Gihanga yarongoye kandi Nyangobero ukomoka mu Bunyabungo ([[Intara]] ya Kivu y'Amajyepfo) barabyarana Kanyabungo Ngabo waje gutegeka mu Bunyabungo ndetse arongora na Nyirampirangwe babyarana Gashubi se wa Gashingo ukomokwaho n'abitwa Abashingo ndetse ngo babyarana n'undi mwana witwa Gafomo. Gihanga yari afite undi mugore w'inshoreke witwaga Nyirarutsobe babyarana Rutsobe umukurambere w'abo mu bwoko bw'Abatsobe.[https://rwiyemeza.com/kn/mordet.php?titID=584e8119f307b1134b88fd07883df9d60cd&vario=229a9f382b7e96e8e74cf5c299f6634e5d] gdd2lhnkh8fxcl86q6da3qbdmh8ou5p 0 20265 148970 145150 2026-11-05T06:34:18Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 148970 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Munyaga''' ni umusozi w’amateka uherereye mu Karere ka [[Rwamagana]], mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba|Ntara y’Uburasirazuba]] y’u [[Rwanda]]. Uyu musozi uherereye ku nkengero z’aho u Rwanda rwagabaniraga na Gisaka mbere y’uko igihugu cya Gisaka cyigarurirwa n’u Rwanda mu kinyejana cya 19, ku ngoma y’umwami [[Mutara II Rwogera]]. Munyaga ni umwe mu misozi ifite amateka akomeye mu bijyanye n’umutekano n’ubusugire bw’u Rwanda, kuko ari ho hatangiriye igitekerezo cyo gugshinga ''urugerero rw’ingabo z’igihugu''.<ref name=":0">https://www.rwandaheritage.gov.rw/index.php?eID=dumpFile&t=f&f=107508&token=094570bd10a5b80ae08bf2409b1cd97ce3a0f6c2</ref><ref name=":1">https://mobile.igihe.com/umuco/amateka/article/tujyane-mu-bigabiro-bya-rwamagana-na-munyaga-ahabereye-umuganura-wa-nyuma-kubw</ref><ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/umuco/amateka/article/tujyane-muri-munyaga-y-abakemba-ahari-ibimenyetso-byinshi-by-abami-b-u-rwanda</ref><ref>https://imvahonshya.co.rw/ibirari-byamateka-ya-cyami-i-rwamagana-mu-kaga-ko-gusibangana/</ref> == Inkomoko y’urugerero rwa Munyaga == '''Urugerero''' ni igikorwa cyakorwaga n'ingabo aho zabaga ziri ku nkiko (imbibi cyangwa imipaka) z’u Rwanda mu rwego rwo kururinda ibikorwa byo kuba rwavogerwa n’ibihugu by'amahanga. Ibyo bikorwa byatangiye ku ngoma y'umwami [[Cyilima II Rujugira|Cyirima II Rujugira]], ubwo u Rwanda rwiteguraga guhura n’ibitero byashoboraga guturuka mu bihugu by’abaturanyi birimo nka Gisaka, Ndorwa, Bugesera, n’u [[Uburundi|Burundi]], aho ibyo bihugu byashakaga kwigarurira u Rwanda.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2">https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/mu-mateka/article/sobanukirwa-amateka-y-abakemba-b-i-munyaga</ref> Rujugira yafashe icyemezo cyo kohereza imitwe y’ingabo ngo ijye ihora ku nkiko z’igihugu aho ibitero cyangwa abaje gutera igihugu bashoboraga kwinjirira, aherako avuga ijambo rikwira hose maze rirushaho kwamamara kugeza magingo aya, aho yavuze ati:<ref name=":0" /><blockquote>"U Rwanda ruratera ntiruterwa."<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.igihe.com/umuco/ikinyarwanda/inkomoko-y-umugani-u-rwanda-ruratera-ntiruterwa |title=Archive copy |access-date=2025-07-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190731201624/http://igihe.com/umuco/ikinyarwanda/inkomoko-y-umugani-u-rwanda-ruratera-ntiruterwa |archive-date=2019-07-31 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/inkotanyi-ntizateye-u-rwanda-ahubwo-zaratashye-bamporiki</ref></blockquote> == Abakemba n’itangira ry’urugerero i Munyaga == Ku ikubitiro, [[Cyilima II Rujugira|Rujugira]] yohereje umutwe w’ingabo w’Abakemba, bari bayobowe n’umuhungu we Sharangabo, ngo bajye kurinda umupaka w’u Rwanda na Gisaka. Izo ngabo zashinze ibirindiro mu mpinga y’umusozi wa Munyaga, ahari hateganye na Gisaka. Aho ni ho urugerero rwatangiriye, maze abari bagize uwo mutwe bahatura burundu hamwe n’imiryango yabo.<ref name=":0" /> Nyuma ya Sharangabo, Ndabarasa, na we wari igikomangoma, yakomerejeho kuri urwo rugerero, aho yari kumwe n’Abakemba. Abakomotse kuri abo basirikare b’Abakemba baracyatuye i Munyaga, nubwo uwo mutwe w’ingabo utacyiriho kuko wasenywe n’ubukoloni bw’[[Ububiligi|Ababiligi]], kimwe n’indi mitwe y’ingabo y’icyo gihe.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> == Munyaga mu gihe cya none == Aho urugerero rwahoze, hitwa mu Nkamba, uhereye ku ngoma ya [[Cyilima II Rujugira|Rujugira]] kugeza ubu. Ni mu Mudugudu wa Kigabiro, Akagari ka Kaduha, [[UMURENGE WA MUNYAGA|Umurenge wa Munyaga]], mu [[Akarere ka Rwamagana|Karere ka Rwamagana]]. Mu gace k’'''itaba''' ryari ricumbikiye ingabo, kuri ubu habarirwa ubutaka buri hagati ya hegitari 10 na 15, hakaba harimo ibikorwa bitandukanye aribyo:<ref name=":0" /> * Umunara muremure ukoreshwa mu itumanaho * Isoko ry’abaturage * Ikigega kinini cy’amazi gikoreshwa mu gusakaza amazi ku batuye Munyaga n’utundi duce two mu nkengero zaho. Umusozi wa Munyaga uherereye ahatuma uwuhagazeho abasha kwitegereza Kabarondo, ndetse n’imisozi itandukanye ikikije agace ka Munyaga, irimo: Nkamba, Ruramira, Bugambira, Ruyonza, na Nyamirama.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> == Agaciro k’amateka y’i Munyaga == Umusozi wa Munyaga ni umwe mu hantu harindirwaga ubusugire bw’igihugu mu bihe cy'ingoma y'abami. Ni ishingiro ry’ihuriro ry’amateka y’ubutwari bw’ingabo, umuco wo kurinda igihugu, ndetse no kwibukiraho uko urugerero rwatangiye. Nubwo ubuyobozi bw’abakoloni bwaje gusenya iyo mitwe y’ingabo, urwibutso rw’ibyabaye i Munyaga ruracyariho binyuze mu mateka n’imiryango y’abakemba bacyihatuye.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /> == Inyandiko zifashishijwe == {{Reflist}} q8f7y6z0yjiekj174nane6y4gz5wge3 0 20362 148984 148410 2026-11-05T09:14:20Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 148984 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="font-size:115%; font-style:italic; color:#54595d; margin:-0.4em 0 0.8em;" lang="en">2025 UCI Road World Championships</div> {{Infobox | bodystyle = width:24em; font-size:90% | above = Shampiyona y'isi y'amagare 2025 | abovestyle = background:#00A1DE; color:#fff; font-size:125% | subheader = ''2025 UCI Road World Championships'' | subheaderstyle = background:#FAD201; font-weight:bold | image = [[File:UCI 2025 in Kigali 01.jpg|frameless|upright=1.15|alt=Abasiganwa ku magare i Kigali]] | caption = Abasiganwa mu mihanda ya Kigali | headerstyle = background:#20603D; color:#fff | header1 = Amakuru rusange | label2 = Inshuro | data2 = Ya 98 | label3 = Itariki | data3 = 21–28 Nzeri 2025 | label4 = Aho yabereye | data4 = [[Kigali]], [[File:Flag of Rwanda.svg|22x15px|border|link=Rwanda|Rwanda]] [[Rwanda]] | label5 = Uwayiteguye | data5 = Ishyirahamwe mpuzamahanga ry'umukino w'amagare (UCI) | label6 = Amarushanwa | data6 = 13 | label7 = Uruziga | data7 = Ibilometero 15,1 | label8 = Isiganwa ry'abagabo | data8 = Ibilometero 267,5 | header10 = Abatsinze (umuhanda) | label11 = Abagabo | data11 = [[File:Flag of Slovenia.svg|22x15px|border|link=Siloveniya|Siloveniya]] Tadej Pogačar | label12 = Abagore | data12 = [[File:Flag of Canada.svg|22x15px|border|link=Kanada|Kanada]] Magdeleine Vallières | header13 = Abatsinze (gusiganwa n'igihe) | label14 = Abagabo | data14 = [[File:Flag of Belgium.svg|22x15px|border|link=Ububiligi|Ububiligi]] Remco Evenepoel | label15 = Abagore | data15 = [[File:Flag of Switzerland.svg|22x15px|border|link=Ubusuwisi|Ubusuwisi]] Marlen Reusser | label16 = Amakipe avanze | data16 = [[File:Flag of Australia.svg|22x15px|border|link=Ositaraliya|Ositaraliya]] [[Ositaraliya]] | header17 = Shampiyona y'isi | label18 = Ibanjirije | data18 = 2024 – Zurich ([[File:Flag of Switzerland.svg|22x15px|border|link=Ubusuwisi|Ubusuwisi]]) | label19 = Ikurikira | data19 = 2026 – Montréal ([[File:Flag of Canada.svg|22x15px|border|link=Kanada|Kanada]]) }} '''Shampiyona y'isi y'amagare yo mu muhanda 2025''' (mu Cyongereza: ''2025 UCI Road World Championships'') yabaye ku nshuro ya 98 y'iri rushanwa ngarukamwaka ritegurwa n'Ishyirahamwe mpuzamahanga ry'umukino w'amagare (UCI). Yabereye i [[Kigali]], mu [[Rwanda]], kuva ku ya 21 kugeza ku ya 28 Nzeri 2025, ikaba ari yo ya mbere yabereye muri [[Afurika]]. Hakinwe amarushanwa 13 ku muhanda uzenguruka umujyi wa Kigali, ufatwa nk'umwe mu mihanda igoye kurusha iyindi mu mateka y'iri rushanwa. Tadej Pogačar wo muri [[Siloveniya]] yegukanye isiganwa nyamukuru ry'abagabo, naho Magdeleine Vallières wo muri [[Kanada]] yegukana iry'abagore. == Amateka == Muri Nyakanga 2018, UCI yagaragaje ubushake bwo guha bwa mbere igihugu cyo muri Afurika kwakira iri rushanwa. U Rwanda, binyuze mu ishyirahamwe ryarwo ry'amagare ([[FERWACY]]), rwasabye kuryakira i Kigali, ruhatana n'umujyi wa Tangier wo muri [[Maroke]]. Muri Nzeri 2021, UCI yemeje ku mugaragaro ko Kigali ari yo izakira Shampiyona y'isi ya 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |title=UCI Road World Championships: Rwanda selected as first African hosts in 2025 |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/cycling/58664176 |website=BBC Sport |date=2021-09-25 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Le Mondial ira au Rwanda |url=https://www.directvelo.com/actualite/77698/le-mondial-ira-au-rwanda |website=DirectVelo |date=2021-09-23 |language=fr}}</ref> U Rwanda rwari rusanzwe rutegura buri mwaka [[Tour du Rwanda]], rimwe mu masiganwa akomeye ya UCI Africa Tour. Ni ubwa mbere amarushanwa y'abagore batarengeje imyaka 23 yabaye ukwayo; mbere yaho, uwatsindaga muri iki cyiciro yabaga ari uwitwaye neza mu batarengeje imyaka 23 mu isiganwa ry'abagore bakuru.<ref>{{Cite web |title=UCI confirms U23 women's category for 2022 Road World Championships, with standalone races from 2025 |url=https://www.cyclingnews.com/news/uci-confirms-u23-womens-category-for-2022-road-world-championships-with-standalone-races-from-2025/ |website=Cyclingnews |date=2022-02-12 |language=en}}</ref> == Inzira == [[File:Cycling World Championships 2025 circuits and routes.png|thumb|left|Ikarita y'inzira: uruziga rw'ibilometero 15,1 (umutuku) n'agace kongerewe ku isiganwa ry'abagabo (ubururu)]] Inzira y'amasiganwa yatangajwe muri Nzeri 2024, mu gihe cya Shampiyona y'isi yabereye i Zurich. Amasiganwa yo mu muhanda yakiniwe ku ruziga rw'ibilometero 15,1 ruzenguruka Kigali, rutangirira kandi rukarangirira kuri [[Kigali Convention Centre]]. Isiganwa ry'abagabo bakuru ryongerewemo agace k'ibilometero 42,5 kazamuka ''Mur de Kigali''. Kubera ko Kigali iri ku butumburuke bwa metero 1.850 kandi inzira ikaba yari ifite imisozi myinshi (metero zisaga 5.000 zo kuzamuka ku isiganwa ry'abagabo), ibinyamakuru by'umukino w'amagare byayise imwe mu nzira zigoye kurusha izindi mu mateka ya Shampiyona y'isi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=With 5,475m of climbing, 2025 Road World Championships in Rwanda to be one of hardest ever |url=https://www.cyclingnews.com/news/2025-road-world-championships-in-rwanda-to-be-one-of-hardest-ever/ |website=Cyclingnews |date=2024-09-26 |language=en |access-date=2026-10-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241010025004/https://www.cyclingnews.com/news/2025-road-world-championships-in-rwanda-to-be-one-of-hardest-ever/ |archive-date=2024-10-10 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Gahunda == [[File:UCI 2025 in Kigali 02.jpg|thumb|right|upright|Abasiganwa bo muri Siloveniya mu mihanda ya Kigali]] Amarushanwa 13 yari agizwe n'amasiganwa 6 yo mu muhanda, amasiganwa 6 yo gusiganwa n'igihe ku muntu ku giti cye, n'isiganwa rimwe ry'amakipe avanze (abagabo n'abagore).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Competition program |url=https://ucikigali2025.rw/competition-program/ |website=UCI Kigali 2025 |language=en |access-date=2026-10-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241002133929/https://ucikigali2025.rw/competition-program/ |archive-date=2024-10-02 |url-status=dead}}</ref> * 21–23 Nzeri: gusiganwa n'igihe ku muntu ku giti cye (abakuru, abatarengeje imyaka 23, abato) * 24 Nzeri: isiganwa ry'amakipe avanze (''relais mixte'') * 25–28 Nzeri: amasiganwa yo mu muhanda, risozwa n'isiganwa ry'abagabo bakuru ku ya 28 Nzeri (ibilometero 267,5) Amasaha yose ni ay'i Kigali (UTC+02:00). == Abatsinze == [[File:Tadej Pogačar at 2025 UCI Road World Championships (cropped).jpg|thumb|left|upright|Tadej Pogačar, wegukanye isiganwa ry'abagabo]] Mu gusiganwa n'igihe, Umubiligi Remco Evenepoel yegukanye umudari wa zahabu ku nshuro ya gatatu yikurikiranya, naho Umusuwisi Marlen Reusser yegukana uw'abagore.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2025 UCI Road World Championships: a historic start powered by Reusser and Evenepoel |url=https://www.uci.org/article/2025-uci-road-world-championships-a-historic-start-powered-by-reusser-and/5hGLouyUEO8zQ7ImsYFYD4 |website=UCI |date=2025-09-21 |language=en}}</ref> Ku ya 27 Nzeri, Magdeleine Vallières yabaye Umunyakanada wa mbere wegukanye isiganwa ry'abakuru muri Shampiyona y'isi y'amagare yo mu muhanda.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Magdeleine Vallieres becomes 1st-ever Canadian to win elite race at road cycling worlds |url=https://www.cbc.ca/1.7645717 |website=CBC Sports |date=2025-09-27 |language=en}}</ref> Bukeye bwaho, Tadej Pogačar yisubiza umwambaro w'umukororombya w'umutsinzi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tadej Pogačar retains his world championship title with emphatic display |url=https://www.uaeteamemirates.com/tadej-pogacar-retains-his-world-championship-title-with-emphatic-display/ |website=UAE Team Emirates XRG |date=2025-09-28 |language=en}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+ Imidari ! Isiganwa !! style="background:#F9D84A" | [[File:Gold medal icon.svg|16px|link=]] Zahabu !! style="background:#D8D8D8" | [[File:Silver medal icon.svg|16px|link=]] Ifeza !! style="background:#E3B98A" | [[File:Bronze medal icon.svg|16px|link=]] Umuringa |- ! colspan="4" | Abagabo bakuru |- | Isiganwa ryo mu muhanda || [[File:Flag of Slovenia.svg|22x15px|border|link=Siloveniya|Siloveniya]] Tadej Pogačar || [[File:Flag of Belgium.svg|22x15px|border|link=Ububiligi|Ububiligi]] Remco Evenepoel || [[File:Flag of Ireland.svg|22x15px|border|link=Irilande|Irilande]] Ben Healy |- | Gusiganwa n'igihe || [[File:Flag of Belgium.svg|22x15px|border|link=Ububiligi|Ububiligi]] Remco Evenepoel || [[File:Flag of Australia.svg|22x15px|border|link=Ositaraliya|Ositaraliya]] Jay Vine || [[File:Flag of Belgium.svg|22x15px|border|link=Ububiligi|Ububiligi]] Ilan Van Wilder |- ! colspan="4" | Abagore bakuru |- | Isiganwa ryo mu muhanda || [[File:Flag of Canada.svg|22x15px|border|link=Kanada|Kanada]] Magdeleine Vallières || [[File:Flag of New Zealand.svg|22x15px|border|link=Nuveli Zelande|Nuveli Zelande]] Niamh Fisher-Black || [[File:Flag of Spain.svg|22x15px|border|link=Esipanye|Esipanye]] Mavi García |- | Gusiganwa n'igihe || [[File:Flag of Switzerland.svg|22x15px|border|link=Ubusuwisi|Ubusuwisi]] Marlen Reusser || [[File:Flag of the Netherlands.svg|22x15px|border|link=Ubuholandi|Ubuholandi]] Anna van der Breggen || [[File:Flag of the Netherlands.svg|22x15px|border|link=Ubuholandi|Ubuholandi]] Demi Vollering |- ! colspan="4" | Amakipe avanze |- | ''Relais mixte'' || [[File:Flag of Australia.svg|22x15px|border|link=Ositaraliya|Ositaraliya]] [[Ositaraliya]] || [[File:Flag of France.svg|22x15px|border|link=Ubufaransa|Ubufaransa]] [[Ubufaransa]] || [[File:Flag of Switzerland.svg|22x15px|border|link=Ubusuwisi|Ubusuwisi]] [[Ubusuwisi]] |} == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Reba kandi == === Ingingo zijyanye === * [[Tour du Rwanda]] * [[FERWACY]] * [[Shemu Nsengiyumva]] === Ihuza ryo hanze === * {{Cite web |title=UCI Road World Championships Kigali 2025 |url=https://ucikigali2025.rw/ |website=UCI Kigali 2025 |language=en |access-date=2026-10-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251001120410/https://ucikigali2025.rw/ |archive-date=2025-10-01 |url-status=dead}} * {{Commonscat|2025 UCI Road World Championships}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Shampiyona y'isi y'amagare 2025}} [[Ikiciro:Amagare mu Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Amagare]] [[Ikiciro:Siporo mu Rwanda]] c14dju3bno598m1bxdwykfhlicxqj23 0 20476 148983 146889 2026-11-05T08:48:41Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 148983 wikitext text/x-wiki === Amateka === Filimi ‘Sakabaka’ yatunganyijwe n’inzu Cinematic Productions Ltd ya Denis Nsanzamahoro bahimba Rwasa,<ref>https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/gakwaya-wamamaye-muri-filime-sakabaka-yateye-umugongo-uwo-yambitse-impeta-agiye</ref> ndetse yavugishije menshi abari bitabiriye umuhango wo kumurika igice cyayo cya mbere kubere bimwe mu biyikubiyemo byerekana imyumvire iriho muri bamwe mu barambagizanya, aho kuryamana babigize ihame. Ikaba ivuga ku imyumvire iriho muri bamwe mu barambagizanya, aho kuryamana babigize ihame.<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/rw/amakuru/abakinnyi-ba-filime-sakabaka-biteguye-gusangira-n-abanyarwanda-mu-birori-bya-inyarwanda-fans-hangout-61290</ref> === Ibiyigize === Mu myaka itari myinshi ishize, iyo umukobwa yatwaraga inda y’indaro yafatwaga nk’ikirara ndetse akaba n’icyimwaro ku muryango we, rimwe na rimwe akaba yanakwirukanwa iwabo akangara. Nk’uko muri ‘Sakabaka’ babyerekana bisa nk’aho muri iki gihe ari ibisanzwe kuba umukobwa yatwara inda y’umusore bakundana mu gihe batarashakana. Icyaje gutungura abantu cyane muri iyi filimi ni kubona Freddy yari afite n’undi mukobwa bakundana gusa uwo mukobwa yahoraga amubaza niba amukunda by’ukuri cyangwa se niba urukundo rwabo rushingiye ku mibonano mpuza bitsina gusa bitewe n’uko iyo batabaga bataryamye, umusore yabaga ameze nk’aho yibereye mu bindi atamwitayeho. Denis benshi bamenyereye ku izina rya Rwasa, ari nawe nyiri iyi Film, nawe yagaragaye muri iyi filimi yitwa Peter avuye muri Amerika asanga mu Rwanda ibintu byose byarahindutse, gusa we icyamutunguye cyane, ni abakobwa beza bari biganje mu mujyi wa Kigali.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/sinema/article/gukora-imibonano-mpuzabitsina#:~:text=Mu%20myaka%20itari,mujyi%20wa%20Kigali. |title=Archive copy |access-date=2025-09-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150522141246/http://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/sinema/article/gukora-imibonano-mpuzabitsina#:~:text=Mu%20myaka%20itari,mujyi%20wa%20Kigali. |archive-date=2015-05-22 |url-status=dead}}</ref><center></center> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} n87s4z7trbib3ej4ccs8sgfhjf7iy03 0 20806 148944 145172 2026-11-05T03:04:33Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 148944 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Imibereho y’ababana n’ubumuga mu Rwanda''' igaragaza uko abana bafite ubumuga babaho, uburyo Leta n’abafatanyabikorwa babafasha, n’imbogamizi bagihura nazo mu burezi, ubuzima n’imibereho. Ubumuga bushobora kuba ubw’umubiri, ubw’ubwenge, ubw’amarangamutima cyangwa ubuvukanwa. Abana bafite ubumuga bakeneye ubufasha bwihariye kugira ngo bagere ku burenganzira bwabo nk’abandi bana bose. <ref>{{Cite web |date=October 3, 2020 |title=Abafite Ubumuga Basaba Leta Imfashanyigisho Zihariye |url=https://www.radiyoyacuvoa.com/a/icyo-abafite-ubumuga-mu-rwanda-basaba-leta/5685721.html |access-date=October 11, 2025 |website=radiyoyacuvoa.com |publisher=Voice of America |language=Ikinyarwanda}}</ref> == Amategeko n’amabwiriza abigenga == Itegeko n° 01/2007 ryo ku wa 21 Gicurasi 2007 rigena uburyo bwo kurengera abantu bafite ubumuga mu Rwanda. Rishyiraho uburyo bwo gutanga uburezi bukwiye no gushyigikira abantu bafite ubumuga mu buzima bwabo bwa buri munsi.<ref>[https://rwandalii.org/akn/rw/act/law/2007/1/eng%402007-05-21 Itegeko rigenga abantu bafite ubumuga (2007)]</ref> Nanone, '''Itegeko No 54/2011''' ryerekeye uburenganzira n’itegurwa ry’umwana rifasha mu kurengera abana bafite ubumuga. Itegeko No 54/2011 rigena uburenganzira n’itegurwa ry’umwana mu Rwanda.<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 June 2012 |title=Law relating to the rights and the protection of the child (No. 54/2011) |url=https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/en/national-practice/law-rights-and-protection-child-2011 |access-date=11 October 2025 |website=International Humanitarian Law Database |publisher=Republic of Rwanda |language=en}}</ref> Leta y’u Rwanda yashyizeho politiki y’uburezi burimo bose (''Inclusive Education Policy'') kugira ngo abana bafite ubumuga babone amahirwe angana n’abandi mu burezi no mu buzima.<ref>[https://www.unicef.org/rwanda/stories/inclusive-education-reality-rwanda UNICEF Rwanda: Inclusive Education is a reality in Rwanda]</ref> == Imibereho y’abana bafite ubumuga == === Uburezi === Mu mashuri y’incuke n’abanza, abana bafite ubumuga bakunze guhura n’ibibazo byo kubona ibikoresho bibafasha cyangwa abarimu bafite ubumenyi mu burezi bwihariye. Leta yashyizeho gahunda y’abafasha b’amashuri (''teacher assistants'') n’amashuri y’icyitegererezo yita ku burezi burimo bose.<ref name=":0">[https://www.unicef.org/rwanda/stories/inclusive-education-reality-rwanda UNICEF Rwanda, 2023]</ref> Mu mashuri yisumbuye, hari ibigo bimwe na bimwe byashyizeho uburyo bwo gufasha abanyeshuri bafite ubumuga gukurikira amasomo, ariko ibikoresho n’imfashanyigisho ziracyari nke.<ref name=":0" /> === Ubuzima n’imibereho === Abana bafite ubumuga bahura n’imbogamizi mu kubona serivisi z’ubuzima, harimo kugenzurwa hakiri kare (''screening'') n’ibikoresho bibafasha mu mibereho ya buri munsi. Mu miryango itishoboye, ubukene butuma bamwe batitabwaho uko bikwiye.<ref>[https://hopeandhomes.rw/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Knowledge-Attitudes-and-Practices-KAP-study-on-children-with-disabilities-living-in-families-and-in-institutions-in-Rwanda-reviewed-2.pdf Hope and Homes for Children Rwanda, 2023]</ref> === Kurindwa no kwitabwaho mu muryango === Abana bafite ubumuga bamwe bahura n’ihezwa rikomoka ku myumvire, cyangwa bagatereranwa n’imiryango. Leta n’imiryango itegamiye kuri Leta bakoze ubukangurambaga bwo guteza imbere imyumvire yo kwakira no kurengera abo bana.<ref>[https://rwandalii.org/akn/rw/act/law/2018/71/eng%402018-09-10 Itegeko No 71/2018 rigena kurengera umwana]</ref> == Ingero z’uturere == ; Musanze Mu karere ka Musanze, umuryango ''Ubumwe Community Center'' utera inkunga abana bafite ubumuga babona ibikoresho n’ubufasha bwihariye mu mashuri.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ubumwecenter.org/ |title=Ubumwe Community Center, 2023 |access-date=2025-10-11 |archive-date=2024-05-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240524095949/http://www.ubumwecenter.org/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ; Nyarugenge Mu mujyi wa Kigali, ikigo ''HVP Gatagara'' cyakira abana bafite ubumuga bw’ingingo n’ubw’ubwenge, kikabafasha mu myigire n’ubuzima.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.hvpgatagara.org/ |title=HVP Gatagara Rwanda |access-date=2025-10-11 |archive-date=2026-01-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260122063729/https://hvpgatagara.org/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ; Huye Abana bafite ubumuga mu karere ka Huye bafashwa ku bitaro bya Kabutare kubona ubuvuzi n’ibikoresho byo kugenda biturutse ku bufatanye n’umushinga nyarwanda Rwanda Resilience and Grounding Organization nk’uko byatangajwe mu nkuru ya Igihe.com. <ref>{{Cite web |date=September 24, 2021 |title=Huye: Abana 116 bafite ubumuga bahawe amagare yo kugenderamo |url=https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/huye-abana-116-bafite-ubumuga-bahawe-amagare-yo-kugenderamo |access-date=October 11, 2025 |website=Igihe.com |publisher=Igihe Ltd |language=Ikinyarwanda}}</ref> ; Rutsiro Mu karere ka Rutsiro, gahunda y’uburezi burimo bose igenda ifasha abana bafite ubumuga kwinjizwa mu mashuri y’ibanze, nubwo imbogamizi z’imihanda n’ibikoresho bigihari nk'uko bigaragara kurubuga rw'akarere ka Rutsiro <ref>{{Cite web |date=November 3, 2022 |title=Rutsiro: Abafite ubumuga bakorewe ubuvugizi |url=https://www.rutsiro.gov.rw/news-detail-1/rutsiro-abafite-ubumuga-bakorewe-ubuvugizi |access-date=October 11, 2025 |website=rutsiro.gov.rw |publisher=Akarere ka Rutsiro |language=Ikinyarwanda}}</ref>. == Imbogamizi == * Ibikorwa remezo bidahagije by’amashuri n’amavuriro. * Imyumvire ikiri hasi ku bijyanye n’ubumuga mu baturage bamwe. * Ubukene n’ibura ry’ibikoresho byihariye. * Kutagira ubushakashatsi buhoraho ku mibereho y’abana bafite ubumuga.<ref>[https://www.unicef.org/rwanda/media/396/file/Situation-Analysis-of-Children-in-Rwanda UNICEF Rwanda, 2022]</ref> == Inama n’ingamba == # Gukomeza guteza imbere gahunda y’uburezi burimo bose. # Guhugura abarimu n’ababyeyi ku bijyanye n’uburezi bw’abana bafite ubumuga. # Guteza imbere ibikorwa remezo bijyanye n’ubuzima n’uburezi. # Gukora ubushakashatsi bwagutse ku mibereho y’abana bafite ubumuga. # Gutanga inkunga ku miryango ifite abana bafite ubumuga. == Imibare igaragara == {| class="wikitable" !Ikintu !Agaciro |- |Abana bafite ubumuga mu Rwanda bose |1.8 % by’abana bose<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://alpha.statistics.gov.rw/sites/default/files/documents/2025-02/RPHC5%20Thematic%20Report_Socio-Economic%20status%20of%20Children.pdf |title=NISR, RPHC5 Report, 2023 |access-date=2025-10-11 |archive-date=2025-07-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250716110741/https://alpha.statistics.gov.rw/sites/default/files/documents/2025-02/RPHC5%20Thematic%20Report_Socio-Economic%20status%20of%20Children.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |Abana bafite ubumuga mu mashuri abanza |1.1 %<ref>[https://www.unicef.org/rwanda/stories/inclusive-education-reality-rwanda UNICEF Rwanda, 2023]</ref> |- |Abana bafite ubumuga mu mashuri yisumbuye |0.6 %<ref>[https://www.unicef.org/rwanda/stories/inclusive-education-reality-rwanda UNICEF Rwanda, 2023]</ref> |} == Umusozo == Abana bafite ubumuga mu Rwanda bafite amahirwe menshi yo guteza imbere imibereho yabo, ariko haracyari imbogamizi nyinshi. Imbaraga za Leta, imiryango n’abaturage muri rusange zigomba guhurizwa hamwe kugira ngo buri mwana abone uburenganzira bungana n’ubw’abandi. == Reba nanone == * [[Uburenganzira bw’umwana mu Rwanda ku burezi n’imibereho]] * [[HVP Gatagara]] == Amasano yo hanze == * [https://www.unicef.org/rwanda UNICEF Rwanda] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20251007121509/https://hopeandhomes.rw/ Hope and Homes for Children Rwanda] * [https://statistics.gov.rw National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda] == References == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Kinyarwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ubumuga (Rwanda)]] [[Ikiciro:Uburenganzira bwa muntu]] 787ruz246hy4f5peyr0rhg14zv5i05q 0 21364 148912 140214 2026-11-04T21:02:46Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 148912 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   '''Beata Umubaye Mairesse''' (wavutse 1979, i [[Butare]] ) ni ikimanyi cy'umunyaporonye n'umunyarwanda Akaba ari umwanditsi w'igifaransa n'ikinyarwanda akaba yararokotse [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|jenoside yakorewe abatutsi mu Rwanda]]. Ni umwanditsi w'ibitabo bitatu, hamwe n'ibyegeranyo byinshi by'inkuru ngufi n'imivugo. Inyandiko ye yabonye ibihembo byinshi by'ubuvanganzo mu bufaransa ndetse no mu mahanga. == Ubuzima == === Ubuzima bwo hambere === Beata Umubyeyi Mairesse yavukiye kandi akurira i [[Butare]], [[Rwanda|mu Rwanda]]. Se yari Umunyapolonye naho nyina ni Umunyarwanda. <ref>{{Cite web |date=1970-01-01 |title=Beata Umubyeyi Mairesse: podcasts et actualités |url=https://www.radiofrance.fr/personnes/beata-umubyeyi-mairesse |access-date=2025-02-16 |website=Radio France |language=fr}}</ref> Akiri umwana, yize ishuri mpuzamahanga i Butare, aho yize kuvuga igifaransa neza. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-11 |title=Beata Umubyeyi Mairesse: au Rwanda, "on a été massacrés dans un silence assourdissant" |url=https://www.radiofrance.fr/franceinter/podcasts/l-invite-de-7h50/l-invite-de-7h50-du-jeudi-11-janvier-2024-3092529 |access-date=2025-02-16 |website=France Inter |language=fr}}</ref> Muri [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|jenoside yakorewe abatutsi mu 1994]], Beata w'imyaka 15 y'amavuko yarokoye we na nyina [[Abatutsi|w’umututsi]] agerageza kwigira umufaransa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Émission spéciale: Rwanda, 30 ans après le génocide en replay - La grande librairie |url=https://www.france.tv/france-5/la-grande-librairie/saison-16/5803242-emission-speciale-rwanda-30-ans-apres-le-genocide.html |access-date=2025-02-16 |website=www.france.tv |language=fr}}</ref> Bombi bahunze [[igihugu]] bihisha muri convoy y'abana ya Terre des hommes. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Convoy – Orenda Books |url=https://orendabooks.co.uk/product/the-convoy |access-date=2025-02-16 |language=en-GB}}</ref> Umubyeyi Mairesse nyuma azashyirwa hamwe n'umuryango urera mu majyaruguru y'ubufaransa. Amashuri yisumbuye, yize ubuvanganzo na siyanse ya politiki muri kaminuza ya Sorbonne, ari naho yarangirije impamyabumenyi mu bikorwa by’ubutabazi n’iterambere. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-05-02 |title=Génocide des Tutsis au Rwanda: comment tout dire sans le raconter |url=https://information.tv5monde.com/culture/genocide-des-tutsis-au-rwanda-comment-tout-dire-sans-le-raconter-31460 |access-date=2025-02-16 |website=TV5MONDE - Informations |language=fr}}</ref> Nyuma yakoraga mu miryango mpuzamahanga ifasha no mu rwego rw'ubuzima. Kuva mu 2007 yabaga i Bordeaux, mu Bufaransa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-08-21 |title=Beata Umubyeyi Mairesse. L'écriture pour « consoler en soulevant le couvercle du chagrin » |url=https://www.humanite.fr/culture-et-savoir/premiers-romans/beata-umubyeyi-mairesse-lecriture-pour-consoler-en-soulevant-le-couvercle-du-chagrin |access-date=2025-02-16 |website=L'Humanité |language=fr-FR}}</ref> === Umwuga wo kwandika === Muri 2015, Umubyeyi Mairesse yerekanye bwa mbere nk'umwanditsi ufite icyegeranyo cy'inkuru ngufi zitwa ''Ejo'', ijambo risobanura "ejo hashiz n'ejo Hazaza" i [[Ikinyarwanda|Kinyarwanda]], ururimi rwe kavukire. Izo nkuru zashyizweho mbere na nyuma ya jenoside kandi zivugwa uhereye ku bagore. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mang |first=Lolita |date=2024-04-03 |title=Les 5 livres de Beata Umubyeyi Mairesse à lire absolument |url=https://www.vogue.fr/article/beata-umubyeyi-mairesse-livres-a-lire |access-date=2025-02-16 |website=[[Vogue France]] |language=fr-FR}}</ref> Muri 2017, yasohoye icyegeranyo cya kabiri cy'inkuru ngufi, ''Lézardes''. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Nadeau) |first=Jean-Yves Potel (En attendant |date=2017-06-24 |title=«Lézardes», voix des enfants du génocide rwandais |url=https://www.mediapart.fr/journal/international/240617/lezardes-voix-des-enfants-du-genocide-rwandais |access-date=2025-02-16 |website=Mediapart |language=fr}}</ref> Muri 2019, yasohoye ''Après le progrès'', icyegeranyo cy'imivugo. Muri uwo mwaka, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Potel |first=Jean-Yves |date=2019-06-04 |title=Après le progrès, de Beata Umubyeyi Mairesse: des moments abîmes |url=https://www.en-attendant-nadeau.fr/2019/06/04/moments-abimes-mairesse/ |access-date=2025-02-16 |website=En attendant Nadeau |language=fr-FR}}</ref> Mairesse yasohoye [[igitabo]] cye cya mbere, ''Tous tes enfants dispersés''. Igitabo kivuga amateka y'umuryango washenywe na jenoside n’ubuhunzi. Ireba insanganyamatsiko nk'ububyeyi, uruhare rw'umugore nk'abatwara umuco, ihererekanyabubasha n'umuco hagati y'ibisekuru, ivanguramoko n'umuco. <ref name=":0" /> ''Tous tes enfants dispersés'' yakiriwe neza n’abanenga Abafaransa <ref>{{Cite news |date=2019-09-12 |title=« Tous tes enfants dispersés », de Beata Umubyeyi Mairesse: trois générations dispersées par le génocide du Rwanda |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/critique-litteraire/article/2019/09/12/tous-tes-enfants-disperses-de-beata-umubyeyi-mairesse-trois-generations-dispersees-par-le-genocide-du-rwanda_5509627_5473203.html |access-date=2025-02-16 |work=[[L'Monde]] |language=fr}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mairesse |first=Beata Umubyeyi |title=Tous tes enfants dispersés de Beata Umubyeyi Mairesse |url=https://www.autrement.com/tous-tes-enfants-disperses/9782746751392 |access-date=2025-02-16 |website=[[Autrement]] |language=fr}}</ref> kandi ihabwa ibihembo byinshi by’ubuvanganzo, harimo na Prix des cinq umugabane wa 2020 de la francophonie. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Portail de l'Organisation internationale de la Francophonie (OIF) |url=https://www.francophonie.org/remise-du-prix-des-5-continents-beata-umubyeyi-mairesse-1701 |access-date=2025-02-16 |website=Organisation internationale de la Francophonie |language=fr}}</ref> [[Icyongereza]], ''Abana bawe bose, batatanye'' bahawe ishimwe na ''Financial Times'' <ref>{{Cite news |last=Rhodes |first=Emily |date=2023-02-17 |title=All Your Children, Scattered — three generations remember Rwanda's genocide |url=https://www.ft.com/content/8ea1bd66-21b8-4d0c-81f5-4f4f6fac2f94 |access-date=2025-02-16 |work=[[Financial Times]]}}</ref> na ''The Guardian''. <ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=Popescu |first=Lucy |date=2023-03-05 |title=All Your Children, Scattered by Beata Umubyeyi Mairesse review – invisible scars of Rwandan survivors |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2023/mar/05/all-your-children-scattered-by-beata-umubyeyi-mairesse-review |access-date=2025-02-16 |work=The Observer |language=en-GB |issn=0029-7712}}</ref> Umubyeyi Mairesse yasohoye igitabo cye cya kabiri yise ''Consolée'', mu 2022. ''Consolée'' avuga inkuru y’umugore w’amoko avanze yakuwe kuri nyina w’u Rwanda akiri umwana kugira ngo arerwe n’ababikira bera nyuma yoherezwa kurerwa mu Bubiligi. <ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-09-15 |title=« Consolée », de Beata Umubyeyi Mairesse: renouer tous les fils d'une vie rompue |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/livres/article/2022/09/15/consolee-de-beata-umubyeyi-mairesse-renouer-tous-les-fils-d-une-vie-rompue_6141698_3260.html |access-date=2025-02-16 |language=fr}}</ref> Inkuru ishingiye kubintu byabayeho byabana bavanze-moko barerewe muri Institut pour enfants mulâtres de Save mugihe cy'ubutegetsi bwabakoloni. Igitabo cyahawe Prix Kourouma mu imurikagurisha ry’ibitabo byabereye i Geneve mu 2023. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Murua |first=James |date=2023-03-29 |title=Beata Umubyeyi Mairesse wins Prix Kourouma 2023. |url=https://www.writingafrica.com/beata-umubyeyi-mairesse-wins-prix-kourouma-2023/ |access-date=2025-02-16 |language=en-GB}}</ref> Mu 2024, Umubyeyi Mairesse yasohoye igitabo cyandika ku buzima bwa ''Le convoi'', cyerekanaga ko yahunze u Rwanda mu gihe cya jenoside yo mu 1994. Muri iki gitabo, avuga uburyo yakurikiranye abana kuva muri convoy yahunze, ikipe ya BBC yafashe amashusho ya convoy, hamwe n'abakozi bashinzwe ubutabazi bakijije ubuzima bwe. Yavanze autobiography hamwe ninyandiko, ahuza ibikorwa bye n'abandi banditsi barokotse itsembabwoko, nka Primo Levi na Imre Kertész. <ref>{{Cite web |title=An autobiographical journey back to Rwanda, thirty years after the genocide |url=https://www.the-tls.co.uk/lives/autobiography/le-convoi-beata-umubyeyi-mairesse-book-review-nelly-kaprielian-elf |access-date=2025-02-16 |website=TLS |language=en-GB}}</ref> ''Le convoi'' yahawe ishimwe n’abanenga Abafaransa, <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-10 |title="Le Convoi": récit poignant de Beata Umubyeyi Mairesse, survivante du génocide des Tutsi au Rwanda |url=https://www.telerama.fr/livre/le-convoi-recit-poignant-de-beata-umubyeyi-mairesse-survivante-du-genocide-des-tutsi-au-rwanda_cri-7030579.php |access-date=2025-02-16 |website=www.telerama.fr |language=fr}}</ref> kandi yitwa kimwe mu bitabo byiza byo mu 2024 na Télérama <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-12-05 |title=Les meilleurs romans et récits de 2024: le top de "Télérama" |url=https://www.telerama.fr/livre/les-meilleurs-romans-et-recits-de-2024-le-top-20-des-critiques-de-telerama-7023327.php |access-date=2025-02-16 |website=www.telerama.fr |language=fr}}</ref> na Les Inrockuptibles. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-12-04 |title=Notre top 25 livres de 2024 |url=https://www.lesinrocks.com/livres/notre-top-25-livres-de-2024-634550-04-12-2024/ |access-date=2025-02-16 |website=Les Inrocks |language=fr-FR}}</ref> Igitabo cyakomeje gutsindira ibihembo byinshi by’ubuvanganzo, harimo Prix Essai France Télévisions <ref name="auto">{{Cite web |title=Beata Umubyeyi Mairesse et Sophie Divry, lauréates des prix Essai et Roman France Télévisions 2024 |url=https://www.livreshebdo.fr/article/beata-umubyeyi-mairesse-et-sophie-divry-laureates-des-prix-essai-et-roman-france |access-date=2025-02-16 |website=Livres Hebdo |language=fr}}</ref> na Grand prix de l'héroïne Madame Figaro. Yabaye kandi finale ya Prix du Livre Inter 2024. Muri uwo mwaka, icyegeranyo cye cy’imivugo ''Culbuter le malheur'' cyasohowe n’umwamamaji w’Abafaransa-Kanada Mémoire d'encrier. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Marcoux |first=Yannick |date=2024-02-03 |title=«Culbuter le malheur»: l'incommensurable brouhaha des morts |url=https://www.ledevoir.com/lire/806479/culbuter-malheur-incommensurable-brouhaha-morts |access-date=2025-02-16 |website=Le Devoir |language=fr}}</ref> Beata Umubyeyi Mairesse yatanze ijambo ritangiza iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga ry’ubuvanganzo mpuzamahanga rya 2424. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2025)">citation ikenewe</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> == Bibliografiya == === Ibyegeranyo bigufi === * ''Ejo'', La Cheminante, 2015 ** Ubusobanuro bw'igiportigale (Berezile): ''Ejo e outros contos'', Periferias editora, 2021, byahinduwe na Déborah Spatz <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ejo e outros contos |url=https://periferiasedita.com.br/loja/ejo-e-outros-contos/ |access-date=2025-02-16 |website=Periferias Edita |language=pt-BR}}</ref> ** Ubusemuzi : ''Ejo'', Volvox Globator, 2017, yahinduwe na Tomáš Kybal <ref>{{Cite web |last=Beata Umubyeyi Mairesse |date=2017 |title=Ejo |url=https://irel.knihovny.cz/Record/svkpk.PNA01-000772457?sid=3416 |access-date=2025-02-16 |website=Knihovny |language=cs |type=Catalog record |archive-date=2025-12-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251212061510/https://irel.knihovny.cz/Record/svkpk.PNA01-000772457?sid=3416 |url-status=dead }}</ref> * ''Lézardes'', La Cheminante, 2017 * ''Ejo suivi de Lézardes et autres nouvelles'', Autrement, 2020 === Ibitabo === * ''Tous tes enfants dispersés'', Autrement, Ubufaransa, 2019; impapuro, J'ai lu, 2021. ** Ubusobanuro bw'icyongereza: ''Abana bawe bose, batatanye'', Europa editions, 2022 (US), 2023 (UK), byahinduwe na Alison Anderson <ref name=":0"/> ** Ubusobanuro bw'igitaliyani: ''I tuoi figli ovunque dispersi'', edizioni e / o, 2022, byahinduwe na Alberto Bracci Testasecca <ref>{{Cite web |title=I tuoi figli ovunque dispersi |url=https://www.ilfoglio.it/una-fogliata-di-libri/2023/01/04/news/i-tuoi-figli-ovunque-dispersi-4819645/ |access-date=2025-02-16 |website=www.ilfoglio.it |language=it}}</ref> ** Ubusobanuro bw'ikiromani : ''Toti copiii tai risipiti'', Casa Cartii de Stiinta, 2021, byahinduwe na Andrei Lazar. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Toti copiii tai risipiti |url=https://carturesti.ro/carte/toti-copiii-tai-risipiti-1413624305 |access-date=2025-02-16 |website=carturesti.ro |language=ro-RO |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251212061805/https://carturesti.ro/carte/toti-copiii-tai-risipiti-1413624305 |archive-date=2025-12-12 |url-status=dead}}</ref> ** Ubusuwede bwahinduwe: ''Alla dina skingrade barn'', Ordfront förlag, 2024, byahinduwe na Nils Wadström <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-16 |title=Trots allt en hoppfull berättelse om folkmordets barn |url=https://www.dn.se/kultur/trots-allt-en-hoppfull-berattelse-om-folkmordets-barn/ |access-date=2025-02-16 |website=[[Dagens Nyheter]] |language=sv}}</ref> * ''Consolée'', Autrement, 2022; impapuro, J'ai lu, 2024 === Ibisigo === * ''Après le progrès'', La Cheminante, 2019 * ''Culbuter le malheur'', Mémoire d'encrier, 2024 === Ibitari ibihimbano === * ''Le convoi'', Flammarion, 2024; impapuro, J'ai lu, 2025 ** Icyongereza : ''Convoy'', Gufungura Imipaka, Ibitabo bya Orenda, 2025, byahinduwe na Ruth Diver === Ibitabo by'abana === * ''Peau d'épice'', Gallimard Jeunesse, 2023 <ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-12-10 |title=Les coups de cœur des livres jeunesse du « Monde Afrique » |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2023/12/10/les-coups-de-c-ur-des-livres-jeunesse-du-monde-afrique_6205027_3212.html |access-date=2025-02-16 |language=fr}}</ref> == Ibihembo n'icyubahiro == * 2016 : Prix François Augiéras kuri ''Ejo'' <ref>{{Cite web |title=Le Prix Augiéras – Livre en fête à Champcevinel |url=https://www.livrenfete.fr/salon-livre-champcevinel-perigueux/le-prix-augieras/ |access-date=2025-02-16 |language=fr-FR}}</ref> * 2017: Prix du livre Ailleurs kuri ''Ejo'' <ref>{{Cite web |last=dit |first=G. de la Laurencie |date=2018-04-17 |title=Conversation avec Beata Umubyeyi Mairesse |url=https://onuphrius.fr/conversation-avec-beata-umubyeyi-mairesse/ |access-date=2025-02-16 |language=fr-FR |archive-date=2025-01-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250114021520/http://onuphrius.fr/conversation-avec-beata-umubyeyi-mairesse/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * 2019: Prix La Boétie kuri ''Lézardes'' <ref>{{Cite web |title=Le prix La Boétie – Livre en fête à Champcevinel |url=https://www.livrenfete.fr/salon-livre-champcevinel-perigueux/evenements/le-prix-la-boetie/ |access-date=2025-02-16 |language=fr-FR}}</ref> * 2020 : Prix des cinq imigabane de la francophonie ya ''Tous tes enfants dispersés'' <ref name=":1"/> * 2020 : Prix Des racines et des mots ya ''Tous tes enfants dispersés'' <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-12-11 |title=Lauréate 2020 |url=https://www.desracinesetdesmots.com/laureate-2020/ |access-date=2025-02-16 |website=Des racines et des mots |language=fr-FR}}</ref> * 2020 : Prix Éthiophile kuri ''Tous tes enfants dispersés'' * 2021: Igihembo cya Richelieu kuri ''Tous tes enfants dispersés'' * 2023: Igihembo cya Kourouma kuri ''Consolée'' <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-03-24 |title=Et le prix Kourouma 2023 va à… Beata Umubyeyi Mairesse |url=https://www.lepoint.fr/afrique/et-le-prix-kourouma-2023-va-a-beata-umubyeyi-mairesse-24-03-2023-2513443_3826.php |access-date=2025-02-16 |website=Le Point |language=fr}}</ref> * 2023: Prix Livres en boîte kuri ''Consolée'' * 2024: Prix Essai Ubufaransa Télévisions kuri ''Le convoi'' <ref name="auto"/> * 2024 : Grand prix de l'héroïne Madame Figaro kuri ''Le convoi'' <ref>{{Cite web |title=Marie Darrieussecq, Beatriz Lema... le palmarès complet du Grand Prix de l'Héroïne Madame Figaro 2024 |url=https://www.livreshebdo.fr/article/marie-darrieussecq-beatriz-lema-le-palmares-complet-du-grand-prix-de-lheroine-madame-figaro |access-date=2025-02-16 |website=Livres Hebdo |language=fr}}</ref> * 2024 : Igihembo kidasanzwe Montluc Résistance et Liberté kuri ''Le convoi'' <ref>{{Cite web |title=Charrue tordue du Brésilien Itamar Vieira Junior Prix Montluc 2024 |url=https://actualitte.com/article/116549/prix-litteraires/charrue-tordue-du-bresilien-itamar-vieira-junior-prix-montluc-2024 |access-date=2025-02-16 |website=ActuaLitté.com |language=fr-FR}}</ref> * 2024 : Umusomyi Prix du Roman Métis kuri ''Le convoi'' <ref>{{Cite web |title=Rachid Benzine remporte le Grand Prix du Roman Métis 2024 |url=https://www.livreshebdo.fr/article/rachid-benzine-remporte-le-grand-prix-du-roman-metis-2024 |access-date=2025-02-16 |website=Livres Hebdo |language=fr}}</ref> * 2024 : Prix Fetkann ! Maryse Condé kuri ''Le convoi'' <ref>{{Cite web |last=VIDAL |first=André-Jean |date=2024-11-29 |title=LITTÉRATURE. Les lauréats du Prix Fetkann ! Maryse-Condé |url=https://hebdoantillesguyane.com/litterature-les-laureats-du-prix-fetkann-maryse-conde/ |access-date=2025-02-16 |website=L'Hebdo Antilles-Guyane |language=fr-FR}}</ref> == Reba == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994]] c0ovambght2poffqnd0ytrb6puvhpof 0 21706 148908 141645 2026-11-04T19:44:09Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 148908 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Aimable Bayingana''' ( yavutse ku ya 14 Nyakanga 1970) yari umuyobozi mukuru w’imikino mu [[Rwanda]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Asiimwe |first=Geoffrey |date=2016-11-24 |title=Fans made Tour du Rwanda a success, says Bayingana |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/135643/Sports/fans-made-tour-du-rwanda-a-success-says-bayingana |access-date=2023-09-15 |website=The New Times}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-03-23 |title=Jock Boyer washinze Team Rwanda Initiative agiye gusubira iwabo |url=https://ar.umuseke.rw/jock-boyer-washinze-team-rwanda-initiative-agiye-gusubira-iwabo.hmtl |access-date=2023-09-15 |website=UMUSEKE |archive-date=2023-09-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230919074058/https://ar.umuseke.rw/jock-boyer-washinze-team-rwanda-initiative-agiye-gusubira-iwabo.hmtl |url-status=dead }}</ref> Bayingana yabaye perezida w’ishyirahamwe [[Rwanda Cycling Federation|ry’amagare mu Rwanda]] hagati ya 2007 na 2019. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2007-12-28 |title=Cycling gets new leadership |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/3857/Lifestyle/cycling-gets-new-leadership |access-date=2023-09-15 |website=The New Times}}</ref> Kuva mu Kwakira 2018 kugeza mu Ukuboza 2019, yayoboye nk’umuyobozi w'ishyirahamwe ry’amagare rihuza ibihugu 33 bivuga igifaransa . <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Bishumba |first=Richard |date=2018-10-19 |title=Bayingana named new Francophonie cycling boss |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/159958/Sports/bayingana-named-new-francophonie-cycling-boss |access-date=2023-09-15 |website=The New Times}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |date=October 20, 2018 |title=Rwandan Elected President OIF Cycling Federation |url=https://en.igihe.com/news/rwandan-elected-president-oif-cycling-federation |access-date=September 15, 2023 |work=igihe.com}}</ref> == Ubuzima == Bayingana yavutse ku ya 14 Nyakanga 1970, i [[Akarere ka Gatsibo|Gatsibo]], [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]], [[Rwanda|mu Rwanda]] . Afite impamyabumenyi y'icyiciro cya kabiri cya kaminuza mu by'ubugeni yakuye muri Kaminuza ya Lomé, [[Togo|muri Togo]] . <ref>{{Cite news |last=Thamimu |first=Hakizimana |date=February 22, 2013 |title=Aho gutorwa kwa Bayingana mu Ishyirahamwe Nyafurika ry'amagare byaturutse |url=https://www.igihe.com/imikino/indi-mikino/Aho-gutorwa-kwa-Bayingana-mu |access-date=September 15, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230919074056/https://www.igihe.com/imikino/indi-mikino/Aho-gutorwa-kwa-Bayingana-mu |archive-date=September 19, 2023 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Umwuga == Ku ya 5 Ukuboza 2007, mu gikorwa cyabereye kuri [[Sitade y'Igihugu Amahoro|Sitade Amahoro]], Bayingana yatorewe kuba perezida w’ishyirahamwe ry’abahoze ari abasiganwa mu magare mu Rwanda, ubu akaba ari [[Rwanda Cycling Federation|FERWACY]] asimbuye Hon. Kamanda Charles wari umuyobozi kuva muri 2002, yayoboye uyu mwanya kugeza mu Ukuboza 2019. <ref name=":0"/> <ref>{{Cite news |last=Tity Thierry |first=Kayishema |date=January 8, 2014 |title=FERWACY iratora umuyobozi mushya |url=https://www.igihe.com/imikino/indi-mikino/article/ferwacy-baratora-umuyobozi-mushya |access-date=September 15, 2023}}</ref> Kuva mu 2009 kugeza mu Ukuboza 2019, yari Perezida wa Komite Ishinzwe Gutegura [[Tour du Rwanda|Tour Du Rwanda]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=The sky is the limit for Tour of Rwanda – Bayingana |url=http://www.tourdurwanda.rw/news/The-sky-is-the-limit-for-Tour-of-Rwanda-Bayingana |access-date=2023-09-15 |website=Tour du Rwanda |archive-date=2023-12-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231204153945/http://www.tourdurwanda.rw/news/The-sky-is-the-limit-for-Tour-of-Rwanda-Bayingana |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-10-24 |title=Un nouveau Président pour l'Union francophone de cyclisme - Actualité |url=https://www.directvelo.com/actualite/70251/un-nouveau-president-pour-l-union-francophone-de-cyclisme |access-date=2023-09-15 |website=DirectVelo |language=fr-FR |archive-date=2023-09-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230919074101/https://www.directvelo.com/actualite/70251/un-nouveau-president-pour-l-union-francophone-de-cyclisme |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kuva mu 2013 kugeza mu 2019, Bayingana yabaye umwe mu bagize komite nshingwabikorwa barindwi b’ishyirahamwe ry’abasiganwa ku magare muri Afurika, muri uyu mwanya yatorewe kuyobora shampiyona y’umugabane w’Afurika y’amagare yabereye i Sharm El Sheikh, mu [[Misiri]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kamasa |first=Peter |date=2013-10-08 |title=Bayingana to supervise Continental Championships |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/98699/Sports/bayingana-to-supervise-continental-championships |access-date=2023-09-15 |website=The New Times}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kamasa |first=Peter |date=2017-02-12 |title=Bayingana re-elected to Africa Cycling Confederation Board |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/137881/Sports/bayingana-re-elected-to-africa-cycling-confederation-board |access-date=2023-09-15 |website=The New Times}}</ref> Bayingana yari na perezida w'amagre w'abavuga ififaransa kuva mu Kwakira 2018 kugeza Ukuboza 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 October 2018 |title=Sport : le Tchad adhère à l'Union Francophone de Cyclisme – |url=https://journaldutchad.com/sport-le-tchad-adhere-a-lunion-francophone-de-cyclisme/ |access-date=2023-09-15 |language=fr}}</ref> <ref name="Sabiiti">{{Cite web |last=Sabiiti |first=Daniel |date=2019-06-02 |title=Rwanda Dominates Kigali UCI Junior Race |url=https://www.ktpress.rw/2019/06/rwanda-dominates-kigali-uci-junior-race/ |access-date=2023-09-15 |website=KT Press}}</ref> <ref name=":1"/> Muri uyu mwanya yateguye Kigali Union Cycliste Internationale Junior Race muri Gicurasi 2019, irushanwa mpuzamahanga ry’imikino y’amagare ry’urubyiruko ryabereye i [[Kigali]] ryateguwe na Union Francophone de Cyclisme ku bufatanye na [[Rwanda Cycling Federation|FERWACY]] na Association Internationale des maires Francophones . <ref name="Sabiiti" /> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sikubwabo |first=Damas |date=2019-06-03 |title=Habimana, Nirere strike gold as Rwanda dominates Francophonie Youth Race |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/167038/Sports/habimana-nirere-strike-gold-as-rwanda-dominates-francophonie-youth-race |access-date=2023-09-15 |website=The New Times}}</ref> == Ibyagezweho == Muri 2009, Bayingana yafashije kwandika [[tour du Rwanda]] mu cyiciro cya 2.2 cy'amasiganwa, yazamuwe igera ku cyiciro cya 2.1 kuva muri 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mugabe |first=Bonnie |date=2018-08-03 |title=All Set for Final 2.2 Tour du Rwanda Edition |url=https://www.ktpress.rw/2018/08/all-set-for-final-2-2-tour-du-rwanda-edition/ |access-date=2023-09-15 |website=KT Press}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Asiimwe |first=Geoffrey |date=2017-06-16 |title=All set for a 'bigger and better' Tour du Rwanda |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/141505/Sports/all-set-for-a-bigger-and-better-tour-du-rwanda |access-date=2023-09-15 |website=The New Times}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-04-17 |title=Rwanda targets Africa's first UCI Road World Championships |url=https://www.sportbusiness.com/news/rwanda-targets-africas-first-uci-road-world-championships/ |access-date=2023-09-15 |website=SportBusiness}}</ref> Bayingana mu gihe cye, u Rwanda rwateguye amarushanwa ya Afurika yo gusiganwa ku magare mu muhanda ku nshuro ya mbere muri 2010, ndetse no ku nshuro ya kabiri mu 2018. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-03-07 |title=Rwanda to host 2018 African Cycling Road Championships |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/127803 |access-date=2023-09-15 |website=www.newtimes.co.rw}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-07-27 |title=Rwanda chooses cyclist to be Olympic flag bearer |url=https://www.bikeradar.com/news/rwanda-chooses-cyclist-to-be-olympic-flag-bearer/ |access-date=2023-09-15 |website=BikeRadar}}</ref> [[Rwanda|U Rwanda]] rwanateguye amarushanwa ya Afurika yo gusiganwa ku magare mu misozi ku nshuro ya mbere mu 2015. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-05-12 |title=Battle Of Mighty Bikers In Rwanda's 1000 Mountains |url=https://www.ktpress.rw/2015/05/battle-of-mighty-bikers-in-rwandas-1000-mountains/ |access-date=2023-09-15 |website=KT Press |archive-date=2023-09-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230919074108/https://www.ktpress.rw/2015/05/battle-of-mighty-bikers-in-rwandas-1000-mountains/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Muri Nzeri 2019, [[Rwanda|u Rwanda]] rwohereje ubusabe bwemewe bwo kwakira amarushanwa y’isi yo gusiganwa ku magare mu 2025. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-07-27 |title=UCI invites Africa to host 2025 UCI Road World Champs |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/156497/Sports/uci-invites-africa-to-host-2025-uci-road-world-champs |access-date=2023-09-15 |website=The New Times}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-09-12 |title=Rwanda submits bid to host World Championships in 2025 {{!}} Cycling Today Official |url=https://cycling.today/rwanda-submits-bid-to-host-world-championships-in-2025/ |access-date=2023-09-15}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sabiiti |first=Daniel |date=2020-01-19 |title=UCI Boss Hints 'Backing' Rwanda's Bid for 2025 Cycling Race |url=https://www.ktpress.rw/2020/01/uci-boss-hints-backing-rwandas-bid-for-2025-cycling-race/ |access-date=2023-09-15 |website=KT Press |archive-date=2023-09-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230919074102/https://www.ktpress.rw/2020/01/uci-boss-hints-backing-rwandas-bid-for-2025-cycling-race/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Muri 2018, ikipe y'igihugu y'u Rwanda yo gusiganwa ku magare na [[Joseph Areruya|Areruya Joseph]] begukanye irushanwa ry'amagare [[La Tropicale Amissa Bongo|rya Tropicale Amissa Bongo]] ( Tour du Gabon ), ryari ku nshuro ya mbere ikipe ya Afurika iba ku rutonde rw'amakipe y'afurika atwara iri rushanwa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sabiiti |first=Daniel |date=2018-01-26 |title=Areruya Joseph Selected for U23 Tour of France |url=https://www.ktpress.rw/2018/01/areruya-joseph-selected-for-u23-tour-of-france/ |access-date=2023-09-15 |website=KT Press}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Tabaro |first=Jean de la Croix |date=2018-02-06 |title=Africa's Cyclist of The Year Brings Third Trophy Home |url=https://www.ktpress.rw/2018/02/africas-cyclist-of-the-year-brings-third-trophy-home/ |access-date=2023-09-15 |website=KT Press}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kamasa |first=Peter |date=2018-01-21 |title=Areruya wins La Tropicale Amissa Bongo 2018 race |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/148141/Sports/areruya-wins-la-tropicale-amissa-bongo-2018-race |access-date=2023-09-15 |website=The New Times}}</ref> Mu gihe yamaze ku buyobozi, abakinnyi b'amagare b'u Rwanda begukanye [[Tour du Rwanda]] inshuro eshanu, 2014, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Samuel |date=2014-11-24 |title=Tour Du Rwanda 2014, Ndayisenga Valens has won The Tour {{!}} ISURAPE |url=https://isurape.rw/tour-du-rwanda-2014/ |access-date=2023-09-15}}</ref> 2015, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kamasa |first=Peter |date=2015-11-22 |title=Rwandan Nsengimana wins Tour du Rwanda 2015 |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/124699/Sports/rwandan-nsengimana-wins-tour-du-rwanda-2015 |access-date=2023-09-15 |website=The New Times}}</ref> 2016, <ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-11-21 |title=Rwanda's Valens Ndayisenga wins 2016 Tour du Rwanda |url=https://www.africanews.com/2016/11/21/rwanda-s-valens-ndayisenga-wins-2016-tour-du-rwanda/ |access-date=2023-09-15 |website=Africanews}}</ref> 2017, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mugabe |first=Bonnie |date=2017-11-20 |title=Areruya Elated with Tour du Rwanda Victory |url=https://www.ktpress.rw/2017/11/areruya-elated-with-tour-du-rwanda-victory/ |access-date=2023-09-15 |website=KT Press}}</ref> na 2018. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Asiimwe |first=Geoffrey |date=2018-08-13 |title=Mugisha is Tour du Rwanda champion |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/157232/Sports/mugisha-is-tour-du-rwanda-champion |access-date=2023-09-15 |website=The New Times}}</ref> == Ibihembo == Ku ya 18 Gashyantare 2018, Bayingana yahawe igihembo cy'ishimwe na Dr Mohamed Wagih Azzam perezida w'ishyirahamwe ry'abasiganwa ku magare muri Afurika kubera akazi gakomeye yakoze mu guteza imbere umukino w'amagare mu [[Rwanda]] no [[Afurika|muri Afurika]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-02-18 |title=Aimable Bayingana yahawe igihembo cy'ishimwe |url=https://panorama.rw/aimable-bayingana-yahawe-igihembo-cyishimwe/ |access-date=2023-09-15 |website=Panorama |archive-date=2023-09-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230919074100/https://panorama.rw/aimable-bayingana-yahawe-igihembo-cyishimwe/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Asiimwe |first=Geoffrey |date=2018-08-04 |title=Cycling: UCI to set up Training Centre in Rwanda |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/156811/Sports/cycling-uci-to-set-up-training-centre-in-rwanda |access-date=2023-09-15 |website=The New Times}}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Amagare]] [[Ikiciro:Amagare mu Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Umuyobozi]] tvyad4zayj0il3xxl3d5mvlmi1ilfd3 0 22140 148952 137383 2026-11-05T03:55:40Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 148952 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Iragena Charlotte''' ( yavutse 1 mutarama 2003 ) ni umukinyi w'abigize umwuga mu magare, akaba ari [[Rwanda|umunyarwandakazi]], yatsinze amarushanwa atandukanye, akaba yaakiniye ikipe ya [[Bugesera Cycling Team]] mbere yo kwerekeza mu ikipe ya [[Ndabaga Cycling Team|Ndabaga Women Cycling Team]] .<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.igihe.com/imikino/amagare/Iragena-Charlotte-yashinje-Ikipe-y-Amagare-ya-Bugesera-kumwima-uburenganzira-bwe#:~:text=Iragena%20Charlotte%20yabaye%20uwa%20gatatu,ku%20wa%2018%20Ukwakira%202023. |title=Archive copy |access-date=2026-03-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240127131510/https://igihe.com/imikino/amagare/Iragena-Charlotte-yashinje-Ikipe-y-Amagare-ya-Bugesera-kumwima-uburenganzira-bwe#:~:text=Iragena%20Charlotte%20yabaye%20uwa%20gatatu,ku%20wa%2018%20Ukwakira%202023. |archive-date=2024-01-27 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Amarushanwa == Iragena Charlotte muri Kamena 2023, yabaye umukinnyi mwiza mu magare azakuba uwa gatatu muri Shampiyona y’Igihugu y’Amagare mu bagore, batarengeje imyaka 18 . kandi ku wa 18 Ukwakira 2023, yatwaye kandi Shampiyona y’Abatarengeje imyaka 17 yakinwe imbere mu gihugu cyu Rwanda .<ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/imikino/amagare/article/amagare-abakinnyi-23-bazahagararira-u-rwanda-muri-shampiyona-nyafurika-ya-2025</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Amagare]] [[Ikiciro:Amagare mu Rwanda]] 63my31oaz4l9w6adrudeddi4rf0t70l 0 22176 148995 145516 2026-11-05T11:32:22Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 148995 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Uburaguzi.jpg|thumb|Umupfumu]] '''Kuragura mu Rwanda''' ni [[Igihango mu Rwanda|umuhango]] ukorwa n'[[abapfumu]], aho akabukira inzuzi akazitera impagarike, Iyo umupfumu ateye inzuzi zikikaraga ku mbehe, zigahindukiza imitwe zikarebana n'izindi nzovu zo haruguru ziba zeze bikaba ari ubuhoro.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://www.igihe.com/umuco/amateka/ese-kuraguza-byakorwaga-bite |title=Archive copy |access-date=2026-03-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200218001336/http://igihe.com/umuco/amateka/ese-kuraguza-byakorwaga-bite |archive-date=2020-02-18 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Inzuzi == Umupfumu akabukira inzuzi akazitera impagarike maze zabarara zikagwa kure inyuma y'[[imbehe]] zikaba ziterereje umuzimu w'umugabo waguye kure. Iyo ziguye zubaraye, zimwe ziteretse hejuru y'izindi ziba zishaka ko uwo mugabo abagirwa inka. Iyo Kanantuku ibaraye ikava ku mbehe, ikagwa i bumoso, iba imuterereje umuzimu w'umukobwa waguye kure y'iwabo, yaba igiye mu rukinga ngo ni umukobwa wapfuye atarongowe yabishakaga. Naho rero iyo kanantuku ibaraye hasi i buryo ikaba imuterereje umuzimu w'umugabo waguye kure. <ref name=":0" /><ref>https://igihe.com/umuco/amateka/article/ubupfumu-no-kuraguza-mu-banyarwanda-mu-isura-nshya</ref> == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Amadini gakondo]] [[Ikiciro:Amadini n'amatorero]] {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rite]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco wacu]] 95ta14zjcq00bttvlwi6p9hkvz7drot 0 22219 148945 144713 2026-11-05T03:07:37Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 148945 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Isuka 051.jpg|thumb|287x287px|Guhingira abandi]] '''Imigenzoya''' hozeho mu [[Rwanda]] rwo hambere aho nka banyarwanda twari dufite imico n’imigenzo nk'[[abanyarwanda]] imwe muri iyo igenda isimburwa n’indi nkuko ibihe bisimburana . Imigenzo , imwe n'imwe harimo iyo twagiye twasigiwe n’abasokuruza ndetse n'abakurambere harimo imyiza myinshi .<ref>https://igihe.com/umuco/article/imihango-n-imigenzo-yakorwaga-n-abanyarwanda-mu-kwirukana-ibiza-n-ibyorezo</ref> == Imigenzo == hari imimigenzo myinshi twagira nka banyarwanda kuva kera ku u Rwanda rwaremwa na Gihanga ngoma igihumbi harimo iyi gufashanya mu byerekeye imyaka n’amatungo, gutabarana no kwakira abashyitsi. Kuva kera Abanyarwanda bahoze bafashanya, bagakorera hamwe. ibyo bikaboneka cyane cyane kuguzanya, kwata no kugwatiriza. iyo umuntu yabaga yejeje imyaka, undi atareza cyangwa yararumbije, uwejeje yagurizaga utejeje; na we akazamwishyura cyangwa akazamwitura ku bundi buryo.Uwabaga akeneye umurima, yajyaga kwa mugenzi we akabimutekerereza; mugenzi we akamwatira umurima, agateramo imyaka yamara kweza akazamuha icyatamurima.<ref>https://igihe.com/umuco/ibitabo/article/kubandwa-imana-urumuri-n-umukiro-wa-benimana</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://rwandamagazine.com/utuntu-n-utundi/article/ubusobanuro-bw-imigenzo-imwe-n-imwe-ikorwa-mu-bukwe |title=Archive copy |access-date=2026-03-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170724210613/http://www.rwandamagazine.com/utuntu-n-utundi/article/ubusobanuro-bw-imigenzo-imwe-n-imwe-ikorwa-mu-bukwe |archive-date=2017-07-24 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>https://www.scribd.com/document/18234910/BIGIRUMWAMI-A-Imihango-n-Imigenzo-n-Imiziririzo-mu-Rwanda-2-6</ref> == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Amadini gakondo]] [[Ikiciro:Amadini n'amatorero]] [[Ikiciro:Imigenzo mu Rwanda]] {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rite]] h63v30fmwxpgqxytshilxpn1l2a97r1 0 22237 148997 135807 2026-11-05T11:42:58Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 148997 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Christmas Three.jpg|thumb|306x306px|ikirugu cya Noheli]] '''Umunsi mukuru wa Noheli''' ni umwe mu [[Umunsi|minsi]] mikuru igize umwaka twizihiza mu [[Rwanda]] ariko cyane cyane umwaka wa Gikristo, wizihizwa n’abantu batari bacye hirya no hino ku [[Isi]]. Kuri uyu munsi abakirisitu bajya mu nsengero kw'izihiza ivuka rya Yezu / Yesu kristo/kristu) wavukiye i Betelehemu .<ref name=":0">https://inyarwanda.com/rw/amakuru/menya-inkomoko-namateka-yumunsi-mukuru-wa-noheli-nuko-wizihizwa-hirya-no-hino-ku-isi-112890</ref> == Uko watangiye kwizihizwa == Noheli nk'umunsi watangiye kwizihizwa nk’umunsi w’ikiruhuko ahagana mu kinyejana cya 4, rero Noheli yizihijwe bwa mbere kuwa 25 Ukuboza mu mwaka wa 336 nyuma y’ivuka rya Yezu/ Yesu mu bwami bw’Abaromani, umwami Constantin, umwami w’Abaromani na Papa Liberius Ahagana mu kinyejana cya 3 cyangwa icya 4, nibwo uyu munsi mukuru wa Noheli watangiye kwizihizwa nk’umunsi abantu bibukaho ivuka ry’umukiza Yezu / Yesu Kristu .<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.igihe.com/imyemerere/article/igisobanuro-cya-noheli-n-impamvu-yizihizwa-ku-ya-25-ukuboza |title=Archive copy |access-date=2026-03-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230205112232/https://igihe.com/imyemerere/article/igisobanuro-cya-noheli-n-impamvu-yizihizwa-ku-ya-25-ukuboza |archive-date=2023-02-05 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>https://www.nsabanzima-emmanuel.com/blog/2227461_inyigisho-yo-k-umunsi-mukuru-wa-noheli-umwaka-c</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Amadini gakondo]] [[Ikiciro:Amadini n'amatorero]] [[Ikiciro:Rite]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco wacu]] 4al3027zus19pwmrrxctdkgyc9pjf9g 0 22389 148925 138407 2026-11-05T00:01:35Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 148925 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Kunya maziwa.jpg|thumb|Gtwikurura]] '''Gutwikurura''' ni [[umuhango]] wa korwaga nyuma ubwo babaga bamaze gusoza imihango y’ubukwe mu [[Umuco nyarwanda|muco nyarwanda]]. rero iri jambo gutwikurura ikomoka ku nshinga gutwikura, bishaka kuvuga gukura umwitwikiro ku mugeni. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.igihe.com/twinigure/ubibona-ute/article/uko-imihango-y-ubukwe-bw-ubu |title=Archive copy |access-date=2026-03-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200224105902/http://www.igihe.com/twinigure/ubibona-ute/article/uko-imihango-y-ubukwe-bw-ubu |archive-date=2020-02-24 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == ibikorwa mu gutwikurura == Uyu muhango wo gutwikurura ufite ibikorwa biyana nawo, ahatwavuga g'''usohora umugeni''' '''aho cyari''' igikorwa cyo guha umugeni uburenganzira bwo gusohoka mu muryango mbese mu inyegamo, akajya ahagaragara kugira ngo atangire imirimo yomu rugo rushya, '''Kumenyera umuryango,''' Bibafasha umugeni kumenyerana n'umuryango mushya ashatsemo, kumenya imyitwarire n'imico yawo.<ref>https://www.yaga-burundi.com/twibukanye-ibice-bigize-urubanza-ubugeni/</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Umuco wacu]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco w' U Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Rite]] oypsbv0x4ehvjnk3gyf5dj85iai1984 0 22604 148930 148107 2026-11-05T00:54:23Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 4 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 148930 wikitext text/x-wiki Bamwe mubantu bazi ibijyanye ni byurukundo bakangurira abakunda ko batagomba kubeshyanya cyangwa kugira nakimwe bakingana.gusa ariko nanone haribimwe bigararagako dukwiye kubahisha. harimo:<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.igihe.com/abantu/kubaho/urukundo/article/ibintu-birindwi-ukwiye-kwirinda-kubwira-umukunzi-wawe |title=Archive copy |access-date=2026-05-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190914220505/http://igihe.com/abantu/kubaho/urukundo/article/ibintu-birindwi-ukwiye-kwirinda-kubwira-umukunzi-wawe |archive-date=2019-09-14 |url-status=dead}}</ref> '''Umubare w'abo mwakoranye iminonano mpuzabitsina''' harimo bamwe babibwira abakunzi babo kugirango bizerane maze bakababwira imibare yabo babikoranye gusa kubushakashatsi bwakozwe bwagaragajeko atari byiza kuko harigihe wamukomeretsa muburyo utazi.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.igihe.com/abantu/kubaho/urukundo/article/ibintu-birindwi-ukwiye-kwirinda-kubwira-umukunzi-wawe |title=Archive copy |access-date=2026-05-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190914220505/http://igihe.com/abantu/kubaho/urukundo/article/ibintu-birindwi-ukwiye-kwirinda-kubwira-umukunzi-wawe |archive-date=2019-09-14 |url-status=dead}}</ref> '''Abantu uba wumva ufitiye urukundo''' Impamvu nuko umuntu mukundana urukundo rwanyu rufite intego biba bivuzeko ntawundi muntu wemerewe kujya murukundo nawe.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.igihe.com/abantu/kubaho/urukundo/article/ibintu-birindwi-ukwiye-kwirinda-kubwira-umukunzi-wawe |title=Archive copy |access-date=2026-05-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190914220505/http://igihe.com/abantu/kubaho/urukundo/article/ibintu-birindwi-ukwiye-kwirinda-kubwira-umukunzi-wawe |archive-date=2019-09-14 |url-status=dead}}</ref> '''Kumubwira aabandi banu bakubwirako bagukunda''' bamwe muba mumva mwabivuga kandi nanikibi mugamije gusa iyo ubwiye umukunzi wawe umukobwa cyangwa umuhungu urikukubwirako arikugukunda sibyiza pe kuko uwo mukundana asobora kubyakira uko utabimubwiye akumvako ushaka kumuca inyuma cyangwase kumwanga.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.igihe.com/abantu/kubaho/urukundo/article/ibintu-birindwi-ukwiye-kwirinda-kubwira-umukunzi-wawe |title=Archive copy |access-date=2026-05-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190914220505/http://igihe.com/abantu/kubaho/urukundo/article/ibintu-birindwi-ukwiye-kwirinda-kubwira-umukunzi-wawe |archive-date=2019-09-14 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} lm6nq896i8vg3vvfpt5lgl0e2xwbs0p 0 23112 148950 140767 2026-11-05T03:36:38Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 148950 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox" style="width:25em; font-size:90%; float:right; clear:right; margin:0 0 1em 1em;" |+ style="font-size:125%; font-weight:bold;" | Institut facultaire des sciences agronomiques de Yangambi |- | colspan="2" style="text-align:center;" | [[File:Photo Institut Facultaire de Yangambi.jpg|250px|Institut facultaire des sciences agronomiques de Yangambi]] |- ! Yashinzwe | [[1971]] |- ! Ubwoko | Ikigo cya Leta cy'[[amashuri makuru]] |- ! Ururimi | [[Igifaransa]] |- ! Umujyi | [[Kisangani]] |- ! Intara | [[Tshopo]] |- ! Igihugu | [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]] |- ! Umuyobozi | Michel Baudouin |- ! Abanyeshuri | hafi 5.300 <small>(2022–2023)</small> |- ! Urubuga | [https://ifa-yangambi.org/ ifa-yangambi.org] |} '''Institut facultaire des sciences agronomiques de Yangambi''' ('''IFA-Yangambi''') ni ikigo cya Leta cy'[[amashuri makuru]] cyo muri [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]], cyibanda ku bumenyi bw'[[ubuhinzi]], amashyamba n'ubuvuzi bw'amatungo. Gifitanye amateka n'ikigo cy'ubushakashatsi cya [[Yangambi]] mu ntara ya [[Tshopo]], naho ibikorwa byacyo by'amasomo bikorerwa i [[Kisangani]]. == Amateka == Inkomoko ya IFA-Yangambi ishyirwa mu 1971, ubwo amashami yigishaga ubuhinzi ya [[Université Lovanium]] i [[Kinshasa]], Université officielle du Congo i [[Lubumbashi]] na Université libre du Congo i [[Kisangani]] yahurizwaga hamwe.<ref name="WHED">{{Cite web |url=https://whed.net/institutions/IAU-007982 |title=Institut facultaire des sciences agronomiques de Yangambi |website=World Higher Education Database |publisher=International Association of Universities |language=en |access-date=2026-09-23 }}</ref><ref name="Infocongo">{{Cite web |url=https://infocongo.net/2024/06/28/tshopo-lifa-yangambi-sollicite-lappui-de-lue-pour-rehabiliter-ses-infrastructures/ |title=Tshopo : L’IFA Yangambi sollicite l’appui de l’UE pour réhabiliter ses infrastructures |author=Infocongo |website=Infocongo |date=2024-06-28 |language=fr |access-date=2026-09-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260923135804/https://infocongo.net/2024/06/28/tshopo-lifa-yangambi-sollicite-lappui-de-lue-pour-rehabiliter-ses-infrastructures/ |archive-date=2026-09-23 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Hari amasoko atanga amatariki atandukanye yerekeye ishingwa ry'ikigo. ''World Higher Education Database'' na Infocongo bivuga 1971, mu gihe [[Agence universitaire de la Francophonie]] (AUF) ivuga ko IFA-Yangambi yashinzwe mu 1976.<ref name="AUF">{{Cite web |url=https://www.auf.org/membre/institut-facultaire-des-sciences-agronomiques-de-yangambi-2/ |title=Institut facultaire des sciences agronomiques de Yangambi |website=Agence universitaire de la Francophonie |language=fr |access-date=2026-09-23 }}</ref> IFA-Yangambi iri mu murage w'ubushakashatsi bwa Yangambi, ahahoze icyicaro cya ''Institut national pour l'étude agronomique du Congo belge'' (INEAC), nyuma yabaye ''Institut national pour l'étude et la recherche agronomiques'' (INERA). Ibikorwa by'amasomo byaje kwimurirwa i Kisangani, mu gihe Yangambi yakomeje kuba ahantu hakorerwa ubushakashatsi n'igerageza mu buhinzi.<ref name="WHED" /><ref name="Infocongo" /> == Imiterere n'ubuyobozi == IFA-Yangambi ni ikigo cya Leta kiri mu rwego rw'amashuri makuru ya Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo. PRISM-RDC ya Minisiteri y'Amashuri Makuru igishyira mu bigo bya Leta byo mu ntara ya Tshopo, mu mujyi wa Kisangani.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.re.minesursi.gouv.cd/etablissement.php?id=81 |title=Institut facultaire des sciences agronomiques de Yangambi |website=PRISM-RDC |publisher=Ministère de l'Enseignement supérieur et universitaire |language=fr |access-date=2026-09-23 }}</ref> Michel Baudouin ni umuyobozi mukuru w'ikigo.<ref name="WHED" /> == Amasomo == IFA-Yangambi itanga amasomo mu mashami atandukanye y'ubumenyi bw'ubuhinzi.<ref name="AUF" /> Arimo: * ubuhinzi rusange, harimo ubuhinzi bw'ibihingwa, [[iyobora-miterere|genetiki]], kurwanya udukoko, ubutabire, ubworozi n'ubukungu bw'ubuhinzi; * amazi n'[[amashyamba]]; * ubumenyi bw'ubutaka n'amazi; * [[ubuvuzi bw'amatungo]]. Ikigo gitanga impamyabumenyi kuva ku cyiciro cya mbere kugeza kuri doktora, harimo ''graduat'', ''licence'', ''Diplôme d'études supérieures'' (DES) na doktora.<ref name="AUF" /><ref name="WHED" /> Mu mwaka w'amashuri wa 2022–2023, cyari gifite abanyeshuri bagera ku 5.300.<ref name="WHED" /> == Ubushakashatsi n'ubufatanye == Ubushakashatsi bwa IFA-Yangambi bwibanda ku buhinzi, amashyamba, urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima no gucunga umutungo kamere. Ikigo gifatanya n'imishinga mpuzamahanga y'ubushakashatsi n'amahugurwa. Mu 2024, IFA-Yangambi yabaye kimwe mu bigo bifatanya mu mushinga ''INTERACT-Africa'', ugamije guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga ritangiza ibidukikije, kugabanya ingaruka z'[[imihindagurikire y'ikirere]] no guteza imbere ikoreshwa rirambye ry'umutungo kamere.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://interactafrica.mu.ac.ke/interact-africa-launchifa-yangambi-drc/ |title=INTERACT-Africa Launch @IFA Yangambi (DRC) |website=INTERACT-Africa |date=2024-05-17 |language=en |access-date=2026-09-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260923131548/https://interactafrica.mu.ac.ke/interact-africa-launchifa-yangambi-drc/ |archive-date=2026-09-23 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} == Imiyoboro yo hanze == * [https://ifa-yangambi.org/ Urubuga rwemewe rwa IFA-Yangambi] * [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Institut_Facultaire_des_Sciences_Agronomique_de_Yangambi IFA-Yangambi kuri Wikimedia Commons] 8mwtjdcacj1pflupq45fueimoqr0rxd 0 23177 148978 140633 2026-11-05T08:09:05Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 148978 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | title = Raffinor-BF | label1 = Izina ryuzuye | data1 = Uruganda rw'Igihugu rutunganya Zahabu rwa Burkina Faso | label2 = Ubwoko | data2 = Uruganda rutunganya zahabu | label3 = Aho ruherereye | data3 = [[Wagadugu]], [[Burukina Faso]] | label4 = Iyubakwa | data4 = 2023–2026 | label5 = Itahwa | data5 = 28 Nzeri 2026 | label6 = Ubushobozi | data6 = toni 164 ku mwaka (icyiciro cya 1)<br />toni 515 ku mwaka (icyiciro cya 2) | label7 = Nyirarwo | data7 = Leta ya Burkina Faso (SONASP) }} '''Uruganda rw'Igihugu rutunganya Zahabu rwa Burkina Faso''' ('''Raffinor-BF''', mu Gifaransa: ''Raffinerie nationale d'or du Burkina Faso'') ni ikigo gitunganya [[zahabu]] giherereye i [[Wagadugu]], muri [[Burukina Faso]]. Cyashyiriweho guhindura doré (uruvange rw'ibyuma rugizwe ahanini na zahabu) ikomoka ku musaruro wa zahabu, ikabyazwamo utubari twa zahabu iyunguruye neza. Uru ruganda rwatashywe ku wa 28 Nzeri 2026 na Perezida wa Burkina Faso, [[Ibrahim Traoré]], ari kumwe n'abagize [[guverinoma]] ye. Rufatwa nk'uruganda rwa mbere rutunganya zahabu muri Burkina Faso. == Amateka == Iyubakwa ry'uru ruganda ryatangiye mu Ugushyingo 2023<ref name=":5">{{cite web |language=fr |title=Souverainisme minier : le Burkina Faso inaugure sa première raffinerie d’or |url=https://www.jeuneafrique.com/1847177/economie-entreprises/souverainisme-minier-le-burkina-faso-inaugure-sa-premiere-raffinerie-dor/ |website=JeuneAfrique.com |access-date=2026-09-30}}</ref>. Rwubatswe hagamijwe kongera ubushobozi bw'igihugu bwo gutunganya zahabu icukurwa muri Burkina Faso<ref name=":3">{{cite web |language=fr |first=JK |last=Sidwaya |title=Souveraineté minière: le Président du Faso inaugure la première raffinerie d’or |url=https://www.sidwaya.info/souverainete-miniere-le-president-du-faso-inaugure-la-premiere-raffinerie-dor/ |website=Quotidien Sidwaya |date=2026-09-28 |access-date=2026-09-30}}</ref>. Uru ruganda ruherereye mu karere ka 12 k'umujyi wa Wagadugu, rwubatswe ku butaka bungana na hegitari 5. Rugizwe by'umwihariko n'aho bashongeshereza ibyuma, laboratwari isuzuma, ububiko bwa zahabu, iduka ry'imitako n'inyubako y'ubuyobozi<ref name=":7">{{cite web |language=fr |title=Raffinerie d’or au Burkina : La société civile dort tranquille mais reste éveillée - leFaso.net |url=https://lefaso.net/spip.php?article149621 |website=lefaso.net |access-date=2026-09-30}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite web |language=fr |title=Souveraineté minière : le Burkina Faso ouvre sa 1re raffinerie d’or |url=https://www.energie-mines.gov.bf/accueil/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=1226&cHash=2e15e058e6c3df08f512351db6f60a98 |website=Ministère de l'Energie, des Mines et des Carrières |date=2026-09-29 |access-date=2026-09-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20261007180500/https://www.energie-mines.gov.bf/accueil/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=1226&cHash=2e15e058e6c3df08f512351db6f60a98 |archive-date=2026-10-07 |url-status=dead}}</ref>. Rwatwaye amafaranga arenga miliyari 11 z'amafaranga ya CFA<ref>{{cite web |language=fr |last=KOACI |title=Burkina Faso : La première raffinerie d'or du pays inaugurée |url=https://www.koaci.com/article/2026/09/28/afrique/economie/burkina-faso-la-premiere-raffinerie-dor-du-pays-inauguree_201059.html |website=KOACI |access-date=2026-09-30}}</ref>. Rwatewe inkunga ahanini na Leta binyuze mu Kigo cy'Igihugu gishinzwe Amabuye y'Agaciro (SONASP)<ref name=":4">{{cite web |language=fr |first=Drissa |last=Traoré |title=Mines {{!}} Secteur extractif : le Burkina Faso lance sa première raffinerie d'or |url=https://afrimag.net/mines-secteur-extractif-le-burkina-faso-lance-sa-premiere-raffinerie-dor/ |website=Afrimag |date=2026-09-30 |access-date=2026-09-30}}</ref>, hamwe n'uruhare rw'abafatanyabikorwa b'abikorera bo mu gihugu<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":2">{{cite web |language=fr |title=SOUVERAINETÉ ÉCONOMIQUE : Le Président du Faso inaugure la première raffinerie d’or du Burkina |url=https://gouvernement.gov.bf/actualites/souverainete-economique-le-president-du-faso-inaugure-la-premiere-raffinerie-dor-du-burkina/ |website=Service d'Information du Gouvernement du Burkina Faso |access-date=2026-09-30}}</ref><ref name=":1" />. == Ibikoresho n'ubushobozi == RAFFINOR-BF ikoresha ibikoresho bikora ubwabyo kandi ikora mu buryo bufunze (''circuit fermé''). Yubatswe hakurikijwe amahame agamije kugabanya imyanda isohoka mu gihe cyo gutunganya zahabu. Uruganda rufite imiterere igizwe n'ibice (''modulaire'') ituma hashobora kongerwaho indi mirongo mishya yo gutunganya. Mu cyiciro cya mbere, ubushobozi bwarwo bubarwa ni toni 164 za zahabu ku mwaka. Icyiciro cya kabiri kigomba kuzamura ubu bushobozi bukagera kuri toni 515 ku mwaka<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":1" />. Uru ruganda rugomba kandi guhindura doré mo utubari twa zahabu iyunguruye ifite isuku ya 99,99 %<ref>{{cite web |language=fr |title=Le Burkina Faso inaugure sa première raffinerie d'or, RAFFINOR-BF |url=https://www.sikafinance.com/marches/le-burkina-faso-inaugure-sa-premiere-raffinerie-d-or-raffinor-bf_64564 |website=sikafinance.com |access-date=2026-09-30}}</ref><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":1" />. == Intego == Gutangiza RAFFINOR-BF biri muri politiki ya guverinoma ya Burkina Faso igamije kongera itunganyirizwa mu gihugu ry'umutungo kamere wayo w'amabuye y'agaciro. Abayobozi bifuza ko igice kinini cy'agaciro kiyongera gikomoka ku bucukuzi bwa zahabu cyaguma ku butaka bwa Burkina Faso<ref>{{cite web |language=fr |title=Ibrahim Traoré, du Burkina Faso, inaugure la première raffinerie d'or à Ouagadougou |url=https://www.bbc.com/afrique/articles/c574e2myg2rvo |website=BBC News Afrique |date=2026-09-29 |access-date=2026-09-30}}</ref><ref name=":2" />. Uru ruganda rugomba kandi gufasha kongera ikurikiranwa ry'inkomoko ya zahabu icukurwa muri Burkina Faso no kunoza igenzura ry'amafaranga ajyanye n'ubucuruzi bwayo. Rwashyizweho kandi kugira ngo rufashe kurwanya uburiganya<ref name=":7" />, ubucuruzi bwa magendu n'iyezandonke mu gihugu<ref name=":3" />. Perezida Ibrahim Traoré avuga ko uru ruganda ari intambwe ya mbere ya politiki yagutse yo gutunganyiriza mu gihugu umutungo w'amabuye y'agaciro. Yatangaje ko guverinoma ye yifuza no guteza imbere itunganywa ry'ibindi byuma bicukurwa mu gihugu: {{Quote|Byaba zahabu, manganèse, umuringa, zinc, cyangwa ibindi byuma ibyo ari byo byose, intego yacu ntikiri iyo kuba igihugu gicukura gusa kikohereza ibikoresho fatizo byacyo hanze. Turashaka gutunganyiriza ibyuma byacu byose hano iwacu.}}<ref name=":6">{{cite web |language=fr |title=Le Burkina Faso inaugure sa première raffinerie d'or pour affirmer sa souveraineté économique |url=https://www.alwihdainfo.com/le-burkina-faso-inaugure-sa-premiere-raffinerie-dor-pour-affirmer-sa-souverainete-economique/ |website=Alwihda Info |date=2026-09-28 |access-date=2026-09-30}}</ref><ref name=":1" /> == Akazi n'amahugurwa == RAFFINOR-BF igomba gutanga imirimo igera ku 100 itaziguye n'imirimo 5 000 iziguye<ref name=":5" />. Uru ruganda rugomba kandi kugira uruhare mu guhugura abakozi<ref>{{cite web |language=fr |title=Mines : Le Burkina Faso inaugure sa première raffinerie d'or, un « acte de souveraineté assumée » |url=https://malijet.com/actualite_economique_du_mali/312078-mines-le-burkina-faso-inaugure-sa-premiere-raffinerie-dor.html |website=Malijet |date=2026-09-29 |access-date=2026-09-30}}</ref> b'inzobere mu mirimo ijyanye no gutunganya no guhindura ibyuma<ref name=":4" />. Muri urwo rwego, guverinoma ifata iterambere ry'ubumenyi bw'abenegihugu nk'ikintu cy'ingenzi kugira ngo uru ruganda rukore kandi rubungabungwe n'abo mu gihugu<ref name=":3" />. == Akamaro == Burkina Faso ni kimwe mu bihugu bicukura zahabu muri [[Afurika]] yo munsi y'Ubutayu bwa Sahara. Umusaruro wa zahabu w'igihugu warenze toni 94 mu 2025. Gushyiraho ubu bushobozi bw'igihugu bwo gutunganya zahabu bigamije kugabanya kwishingikiriza ku gutunganyirizwa kwa zahabu mu mahanga no gushimangira ubugenzuzi bw'igihugu ku ruhererekane nyongeragaciro rw'uyu mutungo. Abayobozi ba Burkina Faso bifuza kandi ko RAFFINOR-BF yaba igikoresho gishobora gufasha guteza imbere ibikorwa byo gutunganya zahabu ku rwego rw'akarere muri Afurika y'Iburengerazuba<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":4" /><ref name=":3" />. == Aho byavuye == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Burukina Faso]] [[Ikiciro:Amabuye y'agaciro]] [[Ikiciro:Ubucukuzi]] [[Ikiciro:Ubukungu]] 58yd249rsh2byz03y4f41eot9s4ixf4 0 23210 148971 142111 2026-11-05T06:51:26Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 148971 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Netumbo Nandi-Ndaitwah | image = Netumbo Nandi-Ndaitwah 2025.jpg | image_size = 220px | caption = Netumbo Nandi-Ndaitwah mu 2025 | birth_date = 29 Ukwakira 1952 | birth_place = Onamutai, Afurika y'Amajyepfo-Uburengerazuba (ubu ni [[Namibiya]]) | nationality = Umunyanamibiya | alma_mater = Kaminuza ya Keele, Glasgow College of Technology | occupation = Umunyapolitiki, umudipolomate | title = Perezida wa [[Namibiya]] | term = Kuva ku ya 21 Werurwe 2025 | predecessor = Nangolo Mbumba | party = SWAPO | spouse = Epaphras Denga Ndaitwah | children = 3 }} '''Ndemupelila Netumbo Nandi-Ndaitwah''' (yavutse ku ya 29 Ukwakira 1952 i Onamutai), uzwi cyane ku izina rya '''NNN''', ni umunyapolitiki wa [[Namibiya]], Perezida wa gatanu w'icyo gihugu kuva ku ya 21 Werurwe 2025. Ni we mugore wa mbere wabaye Perezida wa Namibiya. Umuyoboke w'ishyaka rya SWAPO kuva afite imyaka 14, yamaze imyaka myinshi mu buhungiro mbere y'ubwigenge, hanyuma aba umudepite kuva mu 1990. Yabaye minisitiri mu nzego zitandukanye, Minisitiri w'Ububanyi n'Amahanga (2012–2024), Visi-Minisitiri w'Intebe (2015–2024), na Visi-Perezida wa Repubulika (2024–2025). Mu 2017, yabaye umugore wa mbere watorewe kuba visi-perezida wa SWAPO, kandi ni we mugore wa mbere iryo shyaka ryatanze nk'umukandida ku mwanya wa perezida. == Ubuzima bwe bwa mbere n'amashuri == Netumbo Nandi yavutse ku ya 29 Ukwakira 1952 <ref name="F1">{{cite web |language=en |author=Ministère des relations internationales et de la coopération |title=Biographies de Netumbo Nandi-Ndaitwah |url=http://209.88.21.36/opencms/opencms/grnnet/MFAv2/The_Ministry/Minister/ |date=2016 |access-date=2016-01-26}}</ref> i Onamutai, muri Afurika y'Amajyepfo-Uburengerazuba (ubu ni Namibiya), hafi y'urubibe rw'intara za Ohangwena na Oshana. Ababyeyi be ni Justina Nekoto Shaduka-Nandi na Petrus Nandi <ref name="E6">{{cite web |language=en |title=Nandi-Ndaitwah's moment of truth |url=https://www.namibian.com.na/nandi-ndaitwahs-moment-of-truth/ |website=The Namibian |date=2022-04-14 |access-date=2024-11-30}}</ref>. Se yari umupasiteri w'Itorero ry'Abangilikani <ref name="F2">{{cite web |language=en |author=Tileni Mongudhi |title=Nandi-Ndaitwah’s moment of truth |url=https://www.namibian.com.na/nandi-ndaitwahs-moment-of-truth-3/ |website=The Namibian |date=2023-04-21 |access-date=2025-04-03}}</ref>. Ni uwa cyenda mu bana 13 <ref name="E7">{{cite web |language=en |author=Tileni Mongudhi |title=Nandi-Ndaitwah's moment of truth |url=https://www.namibian.com.na/nandi-ndaitwahs-moment-of-truth-3/ |website=The Namibian |date=2023-04-21 |access-date=2024-11-25}}</ref>. Yize mu ishuri ry'Abangilikani rya St. Mary's Mission i Odibo <ref name="E8">{{cite web |author=Klaus Dierks |title=Biographies of Namibian Personalities, N |url=http://www.klausdierks.com/Biographies/Biographies_N.htm |website=klausdierks.com |access-date=2022-06-11}}</ref>. Yatangiye ibikorwa bya politiki akiri ingimbi, yinjira muri SWAPO mu 1966, afite imyaka 14 <ref name="F1" />. Bidatinze, yabaye umuyobozi w'urugaga rw'urubyiruko rwa SWAPO, rwarwanyaga ubukoloni bwa [[Afurika y’Epfo]]; ibyo byatumye ahigwa, bimuhatira kwihisha <ref name="E9">{{cite web |language=en |author=Wedaeli Chibelushi |title=Netumbo Nandi-Ndaitwah: From freedom fighter to Namibia's first female president |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cjr23pp3nv9o |website=www.bbc.com |date=2024-12-04 |access-date=2024-12-13}}</ref>. Mu 1973, yagiye mu buhungiro muri [[Zambiya]], aho yakoze ku cyicaro gikuru cya SWAPO i Lusaka kugeza mu 1975. Kuva mu 1975 kugeza mu 1976, yize mu ishuri rikuru ry'urubyiruko rw'Abakomunisiti (Komsomol) mu Bumwe bw'Abasoviyeti <ref name="F3">{{cite web |language=fr |title=Top 10 des femmes qui ont marqué l'année 2025 en Afrique |url=https://www.bbc.com/afrique/articles/c4gee4jggp2o |website=BBC News Afrique |date=2025-12-16 |access-date=2025-12-26}}</ref>. Mu 1987, yabonye impamyabumenyi y'icyiciro cya nyuma ya kaminuza mu buyobozi n'imicungire ya leta muri Glasgow College of Technology, mu Bwongereza; mu 1988, abona indi mu mibanire mpuzamahanga muri Kaminuza ya Keele, hanyuma mu 1989 abona impamyabumenyi y'icyiciro cya gatatu (''master'') mu bumenyi bwa dipolomasi muri iyo kaminuza <ref name="E10">{{cite web |author=Graham Hopwood |title=Who's Who, entry for Netumbo Nandi-Ndaitwah |url=http://www.nid.org.na/view_book_entry.php?book_id=128 |website=Namibia Institute for Democracy |access-date=2014-01-08}}</ref><ref name="F1" />. == Umwuga wa politiki == === Mbere y'ubwigenge === Kuva mu 1976 kugeza mu 1978, yari intumwa yungirije ya SWAPO muri Zambiya, hanyuma intumwa nkuru yayo muri icyo gihugu kugeza mu 1980. Kuva mu 1980 kugeza mu 1986, yari intumwa nkuru ya SWAPO muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba, ifite icyicaro i Dar es Salaam, muri [[Tanzaniya]]. Yabaye umwe mu bagize komite nkuru ya SWAPO kuva mu 1976 kugeza mu 1986 <ref name="E10" />. === Mu butegetsi bwa Namibiya yigenga === Ni umudepite mu Nteko Ishinga Amategeko ya Namibiya kuva mu 1990. Yabaye Visi-Minisitiri w'Ububanyi n'Amahanga kuva mu 1990 kugeza mu 1996, na perezida w'urugaga rw'abagore rwa Namibiya (NANAWO) kuva mu 1991 kugeza mu 1994 <ref name="E10" />. Kuva mu 1996 kugeza mu 2000, ku butegetsi bwa Perezida Sam Nujoma, yabaye umuyobozi mukuru w'ishami rishinzwe iby'[[Umugore|abagore]] mu biro bya Perezida, ahuza ibikorwa bya leta n'iby'abikorera mu guteza imbere gahunda zifasha abagore n'abana <ref name="E11">{{cite web |title=Netumbo Nandi-Ndaitwah, Minister of Women Affairs and Child Welfare, on gender equality in Namibia |url=https://ippr.org.na/wp-content/uploads/2010/06/Int6.pdf}}</ref>. Muri icyo gihe, Namibiya yashyizeho politiki y'igihugu y'uburinganire (1997) <ref name="E12">{{cite web |title=Statement by honourable Netumbo Nandi-Ndaitwah minister of women affairs and child welfare of the Republic of Namibia |url=https://www.un.org/webcast/csw2005/statements/050302namibia-e.pdf}}</ref>, itegeko ry'uburinganire bw'abashakanye (1996) <ref name="E13">{{cite web |title=Married Persons Equality Act - Gender Justice - US Law - LII / Legal Information Institute |url=https://www.law.cornell.edu/gender-justice/resource/married_persons_equality_act |website=www.law.cornell.edu |access-date=2025-08-01}}</ref> n'itegeko rirwanya gufata ku ngufu (2000), ryemera ko gufata ku ngufu bishobora no kubaho hagati y'abashakanye <ref name="E14">{{cite web |title=NATLEX - Namibia - Combating of Rape Act, 2000 (No. 8 of 2000). |url=https://natlex.ilo.org/dyn/natlex2/r/natlex/fe/details?p3_isn=82559 |website=natlex.ilo.org |access-date=2025-08-01}}</ref>. Mu 2000, yagizwe Minisitiri ushinzwe iby'Abagore n'Imibereho myiza y'Abana <ref name="E15">{{cite web |title=Nandi-Ndaitwah Netumbo |url=https://www.parliament.na/dt_team/nandi-ndaitwah-netumbo-2/ |website=Parliament of Namibia |access-date=2022-06-11}}</ref>. Muri uwo mwanya, yashyigikiye itegeko rirwanya ihohoterwa rikorerwa mu ngo ryo mu 2003 <ref name="E16">{{cite web |title=PolicyVault.Africa - Combating of Domestic Violence Act, 2003 |url=https://www.policyvault.africa/policy/combating-of-domestic-violence-act-2003/ |website=www.policyvault.africa |access-date=2025-08-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250918202132/https://www.policyvault.africa/policy/combating-of-domestic-violence-act-2003/ |archive-date=2025-09-18 |url-status=dead}}</ref>. Kuva mu 2005 kugeza mu 2010, yabaye Minisitiri w'Itangazamakuru, hanyuma Minisitiri w'Ibidukikije n'Ubukerarugendo kugeza mu Ukuboza 2012, ubwo yagirwaga Minisitiri w'Ububanyi n'Amahanga <ref name="E18">{{cite web |author=Selma Shipanga |title=Transition team picked |url=http://www.namibian.com.na/indexx.php?archive_id=103168&page_type=archive_story_detail&page=525 |website=The Namibian |date=2012-12-05 |access-date=2013-12-27}}</ref> (minisiteri yaje kwitwa iy'Imibanire Mpuzamahanga n'Ubufatanye). Mu Werurwe 2015, Perezida Hage Geingob yamugize Visi-Minisitiri w'Intebe, akomeza no kuba Minisitiri w'Imibanire Mpuzamahanga n'Ubufatanye <ref name="E19">{{cite web |title=Geingob announces Cabinet |url=https://www.namibian.com.na/index.php?id=134889&page=archive-read |website=The Namibian |date=2015-03-20}}</ref><ref name="F4">{{cite web |language=fr |title=Afrique - Namibie : une femme nommée Premier ministre |url=http://afrique.lepoint.fr/actualites/afrique-namibie-une-femme-nommee-premier-ministre-20-03-2015-1914528_2365.php |website=Le Point |date=2015-03-20 |access-date=2016-01-26}}</ref>. Muri SWAPO, ari muri komite nkuru no mu biro bya politiki, kandi ni umunyamabanga ushinzwe itangazamakuru n'ubukangurambaga, bigatuma aba umwe mu bavugizi b'ingenzi b'iryo shyaka <ref name="E10" /><ref name="E20">{{cite web |language=en |title=Nandi-Ndaitwah Netumbo |url=https://www.parliament.na/dt_team/nandi-ndaitwah-netumbo-2/ |website=Namibian Parliament |access-date=2023-02-13}}</ref>. === Visi-Perezida n'amatora ya 2024 === Mu Ugushyingo 2022, yongeye gutorerwa kuba visi-perezida wa SWAPO, bigatuma aba umukandida ushoboka cyane w'ishyaka mu matora ya perezida ya 2024 <ref name="F6">{{cite web |language=fr |title=En Namibie, le parti au pouvoir désigne la première femme pour succéder au président Geingob |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2022/11/29/en-namibie-le-parti-au-pouvoir-designe-la-premiere-femme-pour-succeder-au-president-geingob_6152122_3212.html |website=Le Monde}}</ref>. Mu Werurwe 2023, yatangajwe ku mugaragaro nk'umukandida wa SWAPO <ref name="E21">{{cite web |author=John Ikani |title=Namibia: President Geingob Names Nandi-Ndaitwah Woman Successor |url=https://www.theheritagetimes.com/namibia-president-geingob-names-nandi-ndaitwah-woman-successor/ |website=The Heritage Times |date=2023-03-13}}</ref><ref name="F7">{{cite web |language=en |author=John Ikani |title=Namibia: President Geingob Names Nandi-Ndaitwah Woman Successor |url=https://www.theheritagetimes.com/namibia-president-geingob-names-nandi-ndaitwah-woman-successor/ |website=The Heritage Times}}</ref>. Nyuma y'urupfu rwa Perezida Geingob muri Gashyantare 2024, Nangolo Mbumba wamusimbuye yamugize Visi-Perezida wa Repubulika ku ya 4 Gashyantare 2024; ni we mugore wa mbere wabaye kuri uwo mwanya <ref name="E22">{{cite web |title=Nangolo Mbumba Sworn In as Namibia's Interim President |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/nangolao-mbumba-is-namibia-s-interim-president/7471038.html |website=Voice of America |date=2024-02-05}}</ref><ref name="E23">{{cite web |title=Nangolo Mbumba sworn in as Namibia's fourth President |url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2024-02-04-nangolo-mbumba-sworn-in-as-namibias-fourth-president/ |website=The Star Kenya |date=2024-02-04 |access-date=2024-02-04}}</ref><ref name="F5">{{cite web |language=en |author=Maureen Kinyanjui |title=Nangolo Mbumba sworn in as Namibia's fourth President |url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2024-02-04-nangolo-mbumba-sworn-in-as-namibias-fourth-president/ |website=the-star.co.ke |date=2024-02-04 |access-date=2024-02-22}}</ref>. Ku ya 3 Ukuboza 2024, komisiyo y'amatora yamutangaje nk'uwatsinze amatora ya perezida, aba umugore wa mbere watorewe kuyobora Namibiya <ref name="E24">{{cite web |title=Namibia will have its first female leader after VP wins presidential election for the ruling party |url=https://apnews.com/article/namibia-election-female-leader-president-8ea8783e1aa56ea20d65970e87adc313 |website=Associated Press |date=2024-12-04}}</ref><ref name="F8">{{cite web |language=fr |author=RFI |title=Namibie: Netumbo Nandi-Ndaitwah élue première femme présidente du pays |url=https://www.rfi.fr/fr/afrique/20241203-pr%C3%A9sidentielle-en-namibie-la-commission-%C3%A9lectorale-annonce-la-victoire-de-netumbo-nandi-ndaitwah |website=rfi.fr |date=2024-12-04 |access-date=2024-12-04}}</ref>. Yagize amajwi 683 560 (58,7%), atsinda Panduleni Itula na McHenry Venaani <ref name="E25">{{cite web |title=2024 Presidential elections |url=https://elections.my.na |website=elections.my.na |access-date=2026-10-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250413110932/https://elections.my.na/ |archive-date=2025-04-13 |url-status=dead}}</ref>. == Perezida wa Namibiya == Yarahiriye kuba Perezida wa Namibiya ku ya 21 Werurwe 2025, asimbura Nangolo Mbumba <ref name="E26">{{cite web |language=en |title=Namibia inaugurates its first woman president |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20250321-namibia-inaugurates-its-first-woman-president |website=France 24 |date=2025-03-21 |access-date=2025-03-21}}</ref><ref name="F9">{{cite web |language=fr |title=Namibie: prestation de serment pour Netumbo Nandi-Ndaitwah, la première présidente du pays |url=https://www.rfi.fr/fr/afrique/20250321-namibie-prestation-de-serment-pour-netumbo-nandi-ndaitwah-la-premi%C3%A8re-pr%C3%A9sidente-du-pays |website=Radio France internationale}}</ref>. Mu ijambo yavuze arahira, yiyemeje gushyira imbere guhanga imirimo, agamije imirimo mishya 500 000, cyane cyane mu buhinzi, [[uburobyi]], ubuhanzi na siporo <ref name="E27">{{cite web |title=Historic Moment: Namibia Swears in Netumbo Nandi-Ndaitwah as First Woman President |url=https://diplomaticwatch.com/historic-moment-namibia-swears-in-netumbo-nandi-ndaitwah-as-first-woman-president/ |access-date=2025-08-01}}</ref>. Muri Mata 2025, yatangaje ko guhera mu 2026 leta izatanga amashuri makuru na kaminuza ku buntu mu bigo bya leta <ref name="E28">{{cite web |language=en |title=Namibia’s new president announces free university education starting in 2026 |url=https://apnews.com/article/namibia-president-education-free-netumbo-nandindaitwah-e2ba928f6deb9f69553a82d6a9150a96 |website=AP News |date=2025-04-24 |access-date=2025-04-24}}</ref>. Ku ya 27 Mata 2025, yirukanye Minisitiri w'Ubuhinzi, Uburobyi, Amazi n'Ivugurura ry'Ubutaka, Mac-Albert Hengari, nyuma y'uko afatwa akekwaho ruswa, ashinjwa kugerageza gucecekesha umugore wavugaga ko yamufashe ku ngufu <ref name="E29">{{cite web |author=Tracy Tafirenyika |title=Mac Hengari's fall from power |url=https://www.namibian.com.na/mac-hengaris-fall-from-power/ |website=The Namibian |date=2025-04-28}}</ref>. == Ibitekerezo bye == Nandi-Ndaitwah aharanira uburenganzira bw'abagore n'uburinganire bw'ibitsina muri Namibiya. Ariko bamwe mu bamunenga bavuga ko afite ibitekerezo gakondo; mu kiganiro cyo mu 2022, umusesenguzi wa politiki Henning Melber yavuze ko atigeze ashyigikira uburenganzira bw'imyororokere cyangwa kurengera abaryamana bahuje ibitsina <ref name="E31">{{cite web |title=Nandi-Ndaitwah Likely To Disappoint Feminists: Analyst – Eagle FM |url=https://www.eaglefm.com.na/news/nandi-ndaitwah-likely-to-disappoint-feminists-analyst/ |website=www.eaglefm.com.na |access-date=2025-08-01}}</ref>. Arwanya gukuramo inda, uretse mu bihe bidasanzwe cyane <ref name="E26" /><ref name="F3" />. == Ubuzima bwite == Yashakanye na Jenerali Liyetona (wavuye mu kazi) Epaphras Denga Ndaitwah, wahoze ari umugaba mukuru w'Ingabo za Namibiya <ref name="E10" /><ref name="F1" />; bafitanye abana batatu <ref name="F1" />. Akunda ibikorwa by'abana mu baturage no gusoma <ref name="E20" />. Izina rya NNN akunze kwitwa rikoreshwa cyane na bagenzi be bo muri politiki <ref name="E30">{{cite web |title=NNN to launch Trust – New Era |url=https://neweralive.na/nnn-to-launch-trust-2/ |access-date=2025-08-01}}</ref>. == Ibihembo == Yahawe igihembo cy'Umuyobozi wa Politiki w'Umwaka muri Afurika n'icy'Umuyobozi w'Umugore w'Umwaka muri Afurika n'ikinyamakuru ''African Leadership Magazine'' <ref name="E32">{{cite web |language=en |title=BREAKING: NETUMBO NANDI-NDAITWAH, MANDISA MAYA, OTHER LEADERS NAMED AFRICAN LEADERSHIP MAGAZINE PERSONS OF THE YEAR 2025 - African Leadership Magazine |url=https://www.africanleadershipmagazine.co.uk/breaking-netumbo-nandi-ndaitwah-mandisa-maya-other-leaders-named-african-leadership-magazine-persons-of-the-year-2025/ |date=2025-12-02 |access-date=2025-12-03}}</ref>, ndetse n'igihembo cy'ubuyobozi bw'ibitekerezo (''thought leadership'') mu bihembo by'iterambere rirambye bya Namibiya <ref name="E33">{{cite web |language=en |author=Pricilla Mukokobi |title=Namibia: VP Recognised for Environmental Contribution |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/202406210399.html |website=New Era |date=2024-06-21 |access-date=2024-09-03}}</ref>. Mu 2024, yahawe igihembo cy'ubuyobozi buhuza ibisekuru mu nama ya Nala Feminist <ref name="E34">{{cite web |title=VP Netumbo Nandi-Ndaitwah receives inter-generational leadership award |url=https://nbcnews.na/index.php/node/106178 |website=nbcnews.na |access-date=2024-11-23}}</ref>. Yahawe kandi impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga y'icyubahiro na Kaminuza ya Dar es Salaam, muri Tanzaniya <ref name="E35">{{cite web |title=Nandi-Ndaitwah awarded honorary doctorate by University of Dar es Salaam |url=https://nbcnews.na/news/nandi-ndaitwah-awarded-honorary-doctorate-university-dar-es-salaam.38635 |website=nbcnews.na |access-date=2024-11-23}}</ref>. == Amashakiro == {{reflist}} [[Category:Abagore]] [[Category:Abaperezida]] [[Category:Abanyapolitiki]] [[Category:Abantu bakiriho muri Afurika]] [[Category:Namibiya]] 3ivawywfnkiz71inhvrdxo2aaotjkhb 0 23217 148927 142517 2026-11-05T00:37:23Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 148927 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Hassan Sheikh Mohamud | image = His Excellency President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud.jpg | image_size = 220px | caption = Hassan Sheikh Mohamud | birth_date = 29 Ugushyingo 1955 | birth_place = Jalalaqsi, intara ya Hiiraan, [[Somaliya]] | nationality = Umunyasomaliya | alma_mater = Kaminuza ya Bhopal (Barkatullah University), University for Peace | occupation = Umwarimu wa kaminuza, umunyapolitiki | title = Perezida wa [[Somaliya]] | term = 2012–2017; kuva ku ya 23 Gicurasi 2022 | predecessor = Mohamed Abdullahi Mohamed « Farmaajo » | party = Union for Peace and Development Party | spouse = Qamar Ali Omar | children = 7 }} '''Hassan Sheikh Mohamud''' (mu Gisomali: ''Xasan Sheekh Maxamuud''; yavutse ku ya 29 Ugushyingo 1955 i Jalalaqsi, mu ntara ya Hiiraan) ni umunyapolitiki akaba n'umwarimu wa kaminuza wa [[Somaliya]], Perezida w'icyo gihugu kuva mu 2022, nyuma yo kuba yarakiyoboye bwa mbere kuva mu 2012 kugeza mu 2017. Mbere yo kwinjira muri politiki, yari umwarimu akaba n'umuyobozi muri SIMAD University, kaminuza yafatanyije gushinga i [[Mogadishu]]. Mu 2012, yatorewe n'Inteko Ishinga Amategeko kuba perezida, maze ikinyamakuru ''Time'' kimushyira mu bantu 100 bavuga rikijyana ku isi mu 2013. Manda ye ya mbere yaranzwe n'ibitero by'umutwe wa al-Shabaab no kunengwa kubera ruswa n'ikoreshwa nabi ry'ububasha. Yatsinzwe mu 2017, ashinga ishyaka rya Union for Peace and Development, maze yongera gutorwa mu 2022. Mu 2026, kongererwa igihe kwa manda ye byateje impaka zikomeye. == Ubuzima bwe bwa mbere n'amashuri == Hassan Sheikh Mohamud yavukiye mu ntara ya Hiiraan <ref name="E11">{{cite web |author=Moulid Hujale |title=Hassan Mohamud: The second coming of Somalia's new president |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2022/5/18/somalias-new-president |website=Al Jazeera |date=2022-05-18 |access-date=2023-12-09}}</ref>. Se akomoka mu muryango w'Abagaal, umwe mu miryango migari y'Abahawiye, naho nyina akomoka mu muryango wa Hawadle <ref name="E12">{{cite web |title=The New President of Somaliland, who is Hassan Sheikh Mahmoud? |url=http://english.alshahid.net/archives/31546 |website=Al Shahid |date=2012-09-11 |access-date=2013-02-21}}</ref>. Yize amashuri abanza n'ayisumbuye iwabo <ref name="E12" /><ref name="E13">{{cite web |title=Hassan Sheikh Mohamud: Somalia's new president profiled |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-19556383 |website=BBC |date=2012-09-11 |access-date=2012-09-17}}</ref>. Mu 1978, yimukiye i Mogadishu, aho yize imyaka itatu mu ishuri rikuru ry'ubumenyingiro, abona impamyabumenyi mu ikoranabuhanga mu 1981 <ref name="E14">{{cite web |title=Profile of Somalia's Newly Elected President |url=http://dissidentnation.com/profile-of-somalias-newly-elected-president/ |website=Dissident Nation |date=2012-09-11 |access-date=2012-09-13}}</ref><ref name="E15">{{cite web |title=Hassan Sheikh Mohamud - Resume |url=http://www.raxanreeb.com/2012/09/profile-somalia-president-hassan-sheikh-mohamud/ |website=Raxanreeb |access-date=2012-09-15}}</ref>. Mu 1986, yagiye mu [[Ubuhinde]], yiga muri Kaminuza ya Bhopal (ubu yitwa Barkatullah University), aharangiriza impamyabumenyi y'icyiciro cya gatatu (''master'') mu burezi bw'ubumenyingiro mu 1988 <ref name="E15" />. Mu 2001, yakurikiye amasomo y'ubuhuza n'ubwiyunge muri Eastern Mennonite University, muri [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]] <ref name="E16">{{cite web |author=Bonnie Price Lofton |title=President of Somalia Welcomed Home as Alumnus of EMUs Summer Peacebuilding Institute |url=http://emu.edu/now/news/2014/08/president-of-somalia-welcomed-home-as-alumnus-of-emus-summer-peacebuilding-institute/ |website=EMU |date=2014-08-08 |access-date=2014-08-12}}</ref>. Mu Ukwakira 2022, yamuritse [[igitabo]] cy'ubushakashatsi bw'impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga (PhD) mu mahoro, imiyoborere n'iterambere muri University for Peace, aba perezida wa mbere wa Somaliya ubikoze ari ku butegetsi <ref name="E17">{{cite web |title=UPEACE Doctoral Candidate Hassan Sheikh Mohamud Wins Somalia's Presidential Election |url=https://www.upeace.org/noticias/upeace-doctoral-candidate-hassan-sheikh-mohamud-wins-somalias-presidential-election |website=University for Peace |date=2022-05-15 |access-date=2022-11-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231010125915/https://www.upeace.org/noticias/upeace-doctoral-candidate-hassan-sheikh-mohamud-wins-somalias-presidential-election |archive-date=2023-10-10 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="E18">{{cite web |title=Hassan Mohamud becomes Somalia's first sitting president to earn PhD |url=https://www.hiiraan.com/news4/2022/Oct/188400/hassan_mohamud_becomes_somalia_s_first_sitting_president_to_earn_phd.aspx |website=Hiiraan Online |date=2022-10-25 |access-date=2022-11-08}}</ref>. == Umwuga mbere ya politiki == Hassan yabanje kuba umwarimu mu ishuri ry'ubumenyingiro rya Lafole, hanyuma mu 1984 yinjira mu ishuri rikuru ryigisha abarimu b'ubumenyingiro rishamikiye kuri Kaminuza y'Igihugu ya Somaliya, aba umuyobozi w'ishami mu 1986 <ref name="E12" /><ref name="E19">{{cite web |title=Somali election of Hassan Sheikh a 'great step' |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-19557884 |website=BBC |date=2012-09-11 |access-date=2012-09-11}}</ref>. Ubwo intambara y'abenegihugu yadukaga mu ntangiriro z'imyaka ya 1990, yagumye muri Somaliya, aba umujyanama w'imiryango itegamiye kuri leta n'ibigo by'Umuryango w'Abibumbye <ref name="E19" />. Kuva mu 1993 kugeza mu 1995, yari umukozi ushinzwe uburezi muri [[UNICEF]] mu majyepfo no hagati mu gihugu. Mu 1999, yafatanyije gushinga ikigo cy'imicungire n'ubuyobozi (SIMAD) i Mogadishu, cyaje kuba SIMAD University, akibera umuyobozi kugeza mu 2010 <ref name="E20">{{cite web |author=Mahmoud Mohamed |title=Profiles of Somalia's top presidential candidates |url=http://sabahionline.com/en_GB/articles/hoa/articles/features/2012/08/17/feature-02 |website=Sabahi |date=2012-08-17 |access-date=2012-08-21}}</ref>. Yigishije kandi ikoranabuhanga muri Kaminuza ya Mogadishu <ref name="F1">{{cite web |language=fr |title=Somalia: Profile of President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201209110514.html}}</ref>. Mu 2011, yashinze ishyaka rya Peace and Development Party (PDP), maze muri Mata 2011 aritorerwa kuriyobora <ref name="E20" /><ref name="E21">{{cite web |author=Nasongo Willy |title=Somalia: new independent political party leader |url=http://english.alshahid.net/archives/20024 |website=Alshahid |date=2011-04-20 |access-date=2012-09-10}}</ref>. Muri Kanama 2012, yabaye umudepite mu Nteko Ishinga Amategeko nshya ya Leta Yunze Ubumwe ya Somaliya <ref name="E19" />. == Manda ya mbere (2012–2017) == === Itorwa === Ku ya 10 Nzeri 2012, abadepite bamutoreye kuba Perezida wa Somaliya <ref name="E23">{{cite web |title=Somali lawmakers elect Mohamud as next president |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/somalia-politics-idUSL5E8KAIUR20120910 |website=Reuters |date=2012-09-10 |access-date=2012-09-10}}</ref>. Mu cyiciro cya mbere cy'amatora, Perezida Sharif Sheikh Ahmed wari ku butegetsi yabaye uwa mbere n'amajwi 64, Hassan akurikiraho n'amajwi 60 <ref name="E24">{{cite web |title=Somalia: Sheikh Sharif vs Newcomer Sheikh Mahamoud in Final Round of Presidential Elections |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201209101222.html |website=Garowe Online |date=2012-09-10 |access-date=2012-09-10}}</ref>; mu cyiciro cya kabiri, Hassan yatsinze Sharif ku majwi 190 kuri 79 <ref name="F2">{{cite web |language=fr |title=Somalie : Hassan Cheikh Mohamoud élu |url=https://www.lefigaro.fr/flash-actu/2012/09/10/97001-20120910FILWWW00718-somalie-hassan-cheikh-mohamoud-elu.php}}</ref><ref name="F3">{{cite web |language=fr |title=Somalie : élection surprise d'un universitaire peu connu à la présidence |url=https://www.lepoint.fr/monde/somalie-election-surprise-d-un-universitaire-peu-connu-a-la-presidence-10-09-2012-1504725_24.php}}</ref><ref name="E25">{{cite web |title=Somalia Federal Parliament elects Hassan Sheikh Mohamud as President |url=http://www.garoweonline.com/artman2/publish/Somalia_27/Somalia_Federal_Parliament_elects_Hassan_Sheikh_Mohamud_as_President.shtml |website=Garowe Online |date=2012-09-10 |access-date=2012-09-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120913095606/http://www.garoweonline.com/artman2/publish/Somalia_27/Somalia_Federal_Parliament_elects_Hassan_Sheikh_Mohamud_as_President.shtml |archive-date=2012-09-13 |url-status=dead}}</ref>. Nubwo habayeho ibirego bya ruswa n'igurwa ry'amajwi, Sharif yemeye ibyavuye mu matora <ref name="E26">{{cite web |language=en |author=IISS |title=Strategic Survey 2013: The Annual Review of World Affairs |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Vau7EAAAQBAJ |website=Taylor & Francis |date=2023-04-28}}</ref>. Itorwa rye ryashimwe n'umuryango mpuzamahanga, harimo Umuryango w'Abibumbye n'Umuryango w'Afurika Yunze Ubumwe <ref name="E27">{{cite web |title=Somalia's President-elect widely hailed |url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/world/2012-09/11/c_131843573.htm |website=Xinhua |date=2012-09-11 |access-date=2012-09-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130811171048/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/world/2012-09/11/c_131843573.htm |archive-date=2013-08-11 |url-status=dead}}</ref>. Yarahiriye kuba perezida ku ya 16 Nzeri 2012 <ref name="E28">{{cite web |title=President's inauguration marks 'new era' for Somalia, says UN envoy |url=https://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=42900&Cr=Somali&Cr1= |website=UN News Centre |date=2012-09-16 |access-date=2012-09-17}}</ref>, maze ku ya 6 Ukwakira 2012 agira Abdi Farah Shirdon Minisitiri w'Intebe <ref name="E29">{{cite web |title=Somali president names political newcomer as PM -diplomats |url=https://af.reuters.com/article/commoditiesNews/idAFL6E8L60GZ20121006 |website=Reuters |date=2012-10-06 |access-date=2012-10-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141217195634/http://af.reuters.com/article/commoditiesNews/idAFL6E8L60GZ20121006 |archive-date=2014-12-17 |url-status=dead}}</ref>. === Ibitero byamwibasiye === Ku ya 12 Nzeri 2012, iminsi ibiri nyuma yo gutorwa, abiyahuzi n'abantu bitwaje intwaro bagabye igitero kuri hoteli Jazeera i Mogadishu, aho yari ari mu nama n'intumwa z'amahanga; Hassan ntiyakomeretse, akomeza ijambo rye imbere y'abanyamakuru <ref name="E32">{{cite web |title=Somalia: Newly elected President Hassan and foreign dignitaries survive multiple bomb blasts |url=http://www.garoweonline.com/artman2/publish/Somalia_27/Somalia_Newly_elected_President_Hassan_and_foreign_dignitaries_survive_multiple_bomb_blasts.shtml |website=Garowe Online |date=2012-09-12 |access-date=2012-09-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120917212452/http://www.garoweonline.com/artman2/publish/Somalia_27/Somalia_Newly_elected_President_Hassan_and_foreign_dignitaries_survive_multiple_bomb_blasts.shtml |archive-date=2012-09-17 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="E33">{{cite web |author=Bill Roggio |title=Shabaab suicide bombers attack new Somali president, Kenyan foreign minister |url=http://www.longwarjournal.org/threat-matrix/archives/2012/09/shabaab_suicide_bombers_attack.php |website=Long War Journal |date=2012-09-12 |access-date=2012-09-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120914182652/http://www.longwarjournal.org/threat-matrix/archives/2012/09/shabaab_suicide_bombers_attack.php |archive-date=2012-09-14 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="E34">{{cite web |author=Gabe Joselow |title=Suicide Bombers Target New Somali President |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/new-somali-president-safe-after-explosion/1506278.html |website=Voice of America |date=2012-09-12 |access-date=2012-09-13}}</ref>. Umutwe wa al-Shabaab wigambye icyo gitero <ref name="E32" />. Ku ya 3 Nzeri 2013, igisasu cyaturikiye hafi y'imodoka zari ziherekeje perezida i Merca <ref name="E35">{{cite web |title=Somali President Unhurt in Bomb Attack |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/somali-president-unhurt-in-bomb-attack/1742168.html |website=VOA News |date=2013-09-03 |access-date=2013-09-11}}</ref>. Ku ya 7 Ukwakira 2015, abarwanyi ba al-Shabaab bishe mwishywa we, Dr Liban Osman, i Mogadishu <ref name="E36">{{cite web |title=Somali president's nephew killed in al-Shabab attack |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-34465949 |website=BBC News |date=2015-10-07 |access-date=2015-11-21}}</ref>. Ku ya 18 Werurwe 2025, al-Shabaab yongeye kugerageza kumwica ikoresheje ibisasu byatezwe ku muhanda hafi y'ingoro ya Villa Somalia <ref name="E37">{{cite web |title=Somali militants target presidential convoy in bomb attack, president safe |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/somali-militants-target-presidential-convoy-bomb-attack-president-safe-2025-03-18/}}</ref>. === Politiki y'imbere mu gihugu === Ubutegetsi bwe bwashyize imbere guteza imbere serivisi z'ibanze nk'ubuzima n'uburezi, no kongera kubaka ibikorwa remezo birimo icyambu n'ikibuga cy'indege cya Mogadishu, imihanda, amashuri n'ibitaro <ref name="E38">{{cite web |title=2013-2015 - Somalia - Addendum to Country Brief |url=https://www.afdb.org/en/documents/document/2013-2015-somalia-addendum-to-country-brief-34904 |website=AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT BANK |date=2013-12-23 |access-date=2013-12-23}}</ref>. Guverinoma ye yasabye ko hakurwaho igihano cyo kubuza Somaliya kugura intwaro, cyari cyarashyizweho n'Akanama gashinzwe Umutekano ka Loni mu 1992, kugira ngo ingabo z'igihugu zibashe guhangana n'inyeshyamba z'abiyitirira Isilamu <ref name="E39">{{cite web |title=UN set to ease Somalia arms embargo |url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/breaking-news/un-set-to-ease-somalia-arms-embargo/story-fn3dxix6-1226587316101 |website=The Australian |date=2013-02-28 |access-date=2013-03-06}}</ref><ref name="E42">{{cite web |author=Majid Ahmed |title=Somalia: Continuance of Arms Embargo Threatens Security Gains in Somalia |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201302210071.html |website=Sabahi |date=2013-02-20 |access-date=2013-03-06}}</ref>. Icyo gihano cyaroroshejwe by'agateganyo mu 2013, maze ku ya 5 Werurwe 2014 Akanama gashinzwe Umutekano kemeza ko iryo yoroshya rikomeza <ref name="E45">{{cite web |title=UN to lift Somalia arms embargo |url=http://www.thenews.com.pk/Todays-News-1-163309-UN-to-lift-Somalia-arms-embargo |website=The News |date=2013-03-05 |access-date=2013-03-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200808082522/https://www.thenews.com.pk/ |archive-date=2020-08-08 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="E47">{{cite web |title=UN Security Council Extends Arms Embargo lift on Somalia to eight months |url=http://horseedmedia.net/2014/03/06/un-security-council-extends-arms-embargo-somalia-eight-months/ |website=Horseed Media |date=2014-03-06 |access-date=2014-03-06}}</ref>. Muri Mata 2013, yasubukuye ibiganiro by'ubwiyunge na Somaliland, [[intara]] yiyomoye mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba, abisinyira i Ankara, muri Turukiya, na Perezida wa Somaliland Ahmed Mahamoud Silanyo <ref name="E48">{{cite web |title=Somalia: Hassan and President Silanyo meet in Turkey |url=http://www.garoweonline.com/artman2/publish/Somalia_27/Somalia_President_Hassan_and_President_Silanyo_meet_in_Turkey_printer.shtml |website=Garowe Online |date=2013-04-13 |access-date=2013-04-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927114340/http://www.garoweonline.com/artman2/publish/Somalia_27/Somalia_President_Hassan_and_President_Silanyo_meet_in_Turkey_printer.shtml |archive-date=2013-09-27 |url-status=dead}}</ref>. Muri Kanama 2013, guverinoma ye yasinye amasezerano y'ubwiyunge n'ubuyobozi bwigenga bwa Jubaland i Addis Abeba, muri [[Etiyopiya]]. Manda ye ya mbere yaranzwe n'amakimbirane n'abaminisitiri b'intebe be: mu Ugushyingo 2013, yasabye Abdi Farah Shirdon kwegura, maze abadepite batangiza icyifuzo cyo kumweguza <ref name="E55">{{cite web |title=Somalia: Prime Minister asked to step down |url=http://www.garoweonline.com/artman2/publish/Somalia_27/Somalia_Prime_Minister_asked_to_step_down_printer.shtml |website=Garowe Online |date=2013-11-12 |access-date=2013-12-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203025544/http://www.garoweonline.com/artman2/publish/Somalia_27/Somalia_Prime_Minister_asked_to_step_down_printer.shtml |archive-date=2013-12-03 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="E58">{{cite web |title=Somali PM to face vote this week |url=http://www.garoweonline.com/artman2/publish/Somalia_27/Somali-PM-to-face-vote-this-week_printer.shtml |website=Garowe Online |date=2013-11-26 |access-date=2013-12-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203030320/http://www.garoweonline.com/artman2/publish/Somalia_27/Somali-PM-to-face-vote-this-week_printer.shtml |archive-date=2013-12-03 |url-status=dead}}</ref>; mu 2014, yagiranye andi makimbirane na Minisitiri w'Intebe Abdiweli Sheikh Ahmed ku bijyanye n'ivugurura rya guverinoma <ref name="E68">{{cite web |title=Breaking: Somali PM reshuffles his cabinet |url=http://goobjoog.com/english/?p=5280 |website=Goobjoog |date=2014-10-25 |access-date=2014-11-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160401173741/http://goobjoog.com/english/?p=5280 |archive-date=2016-04-01 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="E70">{{cite web |title=SOMALIA: President Hassan says PM's cabinet reshuffle is "null and void" |url=http://www.raxanreeb.com/2014/10/somalia-president-hassan-says-pms-cabinet-reshuffle-is-null-and-void/ |website=Raxanreeb |date=2014-10-25 |access-date=2014-11-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141110205423/http://www.raxanreeb.com/2014/10/somalia-president-hassan-says-pms-cabinet-reshuffle-is-null-and-void/ |archive-date=2014-11-10 |url-status=dead}}</ref>. Mu ntangiriro za 2016, ubutegetsi bwe bwagenzuraga igice gito cyane cy'igihugu, kandi ntiyabashije gukemura ikibazo cya Somaliland. Mu 2017, yatsinzwe amatora na Mohamed Abdullahi Mohamed « Farmaajo » <ref name="F5">{{cite web |language=fr |title=Hassan Cheikh Mohamoud élu président |url=https://www.lorientlejour.com/article/1299684/somalie-hassan-cheikh-mohamoud-elu-president-officiel.html}}</ref>. == Manda ya kabiri (kuva mu 2022) == Ku ya 15 Gicurasi 2022, Hassan yongeye gutorwa kuba perezida, atsinda ku cyiciro cya gatatu Perezida Farmaajo wari ku butegetsi, wari waramutsinze mu 2017 <ref name="F5" /><ref name="E110">{{cite web |language=en |author=Nimi Princewill |title=Former Somali president returns to power, vows to return Somalia to stability |url=https://www.cnn.com/2022/05/16/africa/somalia-elects-new-president-intl/index.html |website=CNN |date=2022-05-16 |access-date=2022-05-20}}</ref>. Yiyemeje kugarura umutekano muri Somaliya <ref name="E111">{{cite web |author=Nimi Princewill |title=Former Somali president returns to power, vows to return Somalia to stability |url=https://www.cnn.com/2022/05/16/africa/somalia-elects-new-president-intl/index.html |website=CNN |date=2022-05-16 |access-date=2022-05-16}}</ref>, maze arahira ku ya 23 Gicurasi 2022. Ku ya 15 Kamena 2022, yagize Hamza Abdi Barre Minisitiri w'Intebe <ref name="E112">{{cite web |author=Abdi Sheikh |title=Somali president nominates Barre as prime minister after delayed elections |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/somali-president-nominates-barre-prime-minister-after-delayed-elections-2022-06-15/ |website=Reuters |date=2022-06-15 |access-date=2022-08-22}}</ref>. Ku ya 28 Ugushyingo 2024, mu makimbirane ku matora y'intara ya Jubaland, umucamanza wo muri iyo ntara yasohoye impapuro zo kumuta muri yombi, amushinja ubugambanyi no gushaka guteza intambara; guverinoma nkuru na yo yasohoye impapuro zo guta muri yombi Perezida wa Jubaland, Ahmed Madobe <ref name="E115">{{cite web |language=en |title=Somalia and Jubaland issue warrants of arrest for their respective leaders |url=https://www.africanews.com/2024/11/28/somalia-and-jubaland-issue-warrants-of-arrest-for-their-respective-leaders/ |website=Africanews |date=2024-11-28 |access-date=2024-11-28}}</ref>. Muri Gashyantare 2026, mu kiganiro na Al Jazeera, yamaganye iyemezwa rya Somaliland nk'igihugu kigenga ryakozwe na Isirayeli, avuga ko ari ukwivanga mu bibazo by'igihugu cye kandi ko Somaliya itazemera ko Isirayeli ishyira ikigo cya gisirikare muri Somaliland <ref name="E113">{{cite web |title=Somalia's Mohamud slams Israel's interference, rejects base on Somaliland |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/2/8/somalias-mohamud-slams-israels-interference-rejects-base-on-somaliland |website=Aljazeera |access-date=2026-02-08}}</ref><ref name="E114">{{cite web |title=Somalia's Mohamud slams Israel's 'interference', rejects base on Somaliland |url=https://www.yahoo.com/news/articles/somalia-mohamud-slams-israel-interference-050457571.html |website=Yahoo News |access-date=2026-02-08}}</ref>. Ku ya 15 Gicurasi 2026, nubwo abatavuga rumwe n'ubutegetsi bavugaga ko manda ye irangiye uwo munsi, yatangaje ko Itegeko Nshinga ryavuguruwe ryongereye manda ya perezida kuva ku myaka ine ikagera ku myaka itanu, bityo manda ye ikazarangira ku ya 15 Gicurasi 2027 <ref name="F7">{{cite web |language=fr |title=Somalie : le gouvernement annonce une période de transition à la fin d’un mandat présidentiel sans élections à l’horizon |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2026/05/15/somalie-le-gouvernement-annonce-une-periode-de-transition-a-la-fin-d-un-mandat-presidentiel-sans-elections-a-l-horizon_6689489_3212.html?search-type=classic&ise_click_rank=1}}</ref>. == Impaka == Manda ye ya mbere yanenzwe cyane kubera ruswa ikabije, kubuza itangazamakuru ubwisanzure no gukoresha nabi ububasha. Itsinda ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye rishinzwe kugenzura Somaliya ryashinje ubutegetsi bwe guha intwaro al-Shabaab, kandi raporo yo mu 2013 yavuze ko hari umugambi wo kunyereza umutungo wa leta <ref name="E9">{{cite web |language=en |author=Moulid Hujale |title=Hassan Mohamud: The second coming of Somalia's new president |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2022/5/18/somalias-new-president |website=Al Jazeera |date=2022-05-18 |access-date=2024-11-05}}</ref><ref name="E116">{{cite web |language=en |author=Mohamud Ali |title=Hassan Sheikh Mohamud: Who is Somalia's new leader? |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-19556383 |website=BBC News |date=2022-05-16 |access-date=2024-11-05}}</ref>. Muri Werurwe 2023, yagize umukobwa we, Jehan Hassan Sheikh Mohamud, umujyanama we mu bibazo mpuzamahanga, ibyo bikaba byarateje impaka, ndetse ambasaderi wa Somaliya muri Arabiya Sawudite yegura avuga ko yasuzuguwe n'abo hafi ya perezida <ref name="E117">{{cite web |language=en |author=Najib Ahmed |title=Somalia: State-building as the elite's perverse incentive |url=https://africanarguments.org/2023/09/somalia-state-building-as-the-elites-perverse-incentive/ |website=African Arguments |date=2023-09-04 |access-date=2024-04-10}}</ref><ref name="E118">{{cite web |language=en |title=Somalia's president appoints daughter as foreign affairs advisor |url=https://somaliguardian.com/news/somalia-news/somalias-president-appoints-daughter-as-foreign-affairs-advisor/ |website=Somali Guardian |date=2023-05-01 |access-date=2024-04-10}}</ref>. Ku ya 30 Ugushyingo 2023, umuhungu we, Mohammed Hassan Sheikh Mohamud, yagonze umumotari w'Umunyaturukiya i Istanbul, ari mu modoka y'ambasade ya Somaliya; uwo mumotari yapfuye ku ya 6 Ukuboza 2023 <ref name="F6">{{cite web |language=fr |title=Turquie: le fils du président somalien s'enfuit après un accident mortel |url=https://fr.africanews.com/2023/12/09/turquie-le-fils-du-president-somalien-senfuit-apres-un-accident-mortel/}}</ref><ref name="E119">{{cite web |title=İstanbul'da motokuryenin ölümüne neden olan Somali Cumhurbaşkanı'nın oğlu ifadesi alınmadan Türkiye'yi terketti |url=https://www.voaturkce.com/a/istanbul-da-motokuryenin-olumune-neden-somali-cumhurbaskaninin-oglu-ifadesi-alinmadan-turkiye-yi-terk-etti-/7390477.html |website=voaturkce.com |date=2023-12-09 |access-date=2023-12-13}}</ref><ref name="E121">{{cite web |language=tr |title=Somali Cumhurbaşkanı'nın oğlu hakkında soruşturma |url=https://www.anadolugazete.com.tr/genel/somali-cumhurbaskaninin-oglu-hakkinda-sorusturma-1276g.htm |website=Anadolu Gazete |date=2023-12-10 |access-date=2023-12-13}}</ref>. Urukiko rwabanje kumukatira igifungo cy'imyaka ibiri n'igice, nyuma gihindurwa ihazabu <ref name="E123">{{cite web |language=en |title=Turkey fines Somali president's son after courier's death in crash |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-67998448 |date=2024-01-16 |access-date=2024-04-10}}</ref>. == Ubuzima bwite == Hassan Sheikh Mohamud yashakanye na Qamar Ali Omar, bafitanye abana barindwi <ref name="E15" />. == Amashakiro == {{reflist}} [[Category:Abagabo]] [[Category:Abaperezida]] [[Category:Abanyapolitiki]] [[Category:Abantu bakiriho muri Afurika]] [[Category:Somaliya]] syidrws5fgefka8oicyzpay7ke8k9xz 0 23764 148979 143296 2026-11-05T08:34:25Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 148979 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | above = Rwanda Movie Awards | label1 = Izina rishya | data1 = Rwanda International Movie Awards (RIMA) | label2 = Igihugu | data2 = [[Rwanda]] | label3 = Bitegurwa na | data3 = Ishusho Arts | label4 = Umuyobozi | data4 = [[Jackson Mucyo]] | label5 = Byatangiye | data5 = 2012 | label6 = Urubuga | data6 = [https://rimaward.org/ rimaward.org] }} '''Rwanda Movie Awards''' ni ibihembo bya buri mwaka bihabwa abakora filime mu [[Rwanda]]. Byatangiye mu 2012. Bitegurwa na Ishusho Arts. Kuva mu 2020, ibi bihembo byitwa '''Rwanda International Movie Awards''' (RIMA). Kuva icyo gihe, bihemba kandi filime n'abakinnyi bo mu mahanga. == Amateka == === Rwanda Movie Awards === Rwanda Movie Awards byatangiye mu 2012.<ref name="ny2023" /> Bitegurwa na Ishusho Arts. Jackson Mucyo ni we uyobora Ishusho Arts.<ref name="ny2014" /><ref name="ny2020" /> Mu Ukuboza 2014, Ishusho Arts yatangiye kwakira filime zo guhatanira ibihembo bya 2015. Byari ku nshuro ya kane. Filime zagombaga kuba zarakozwe n'Abanyarwanda mu 2014. Ibyiciro byari bine: filime ngufi, filime ndende, filime mbarankuru na filime z'uruhererekane. Icyiciro cya filime z'uruhererekane cyari gishya.<ref name="ny2014" /> Ibihembo bibanzirizwa na Rwanda Movie Week. Muri iki cyumweru, abakinnyi ba filime bazenguruka igihugu. Bahura n'abakunzi babo.<ref name="ny2014" /><ref name="ny2020" /> Mu 2015, Rwanda Movie Week yateganyijwe mu mijyi myinshi, nka Rubavu, Musanze, Huye na Rusizi.<ref name="ny2014" /> Hari kandi igihembo cy'umukinnyi ukunzwe cyane. Abaturage ni bo batora uwo mukinnyi.<ref name="ny2014" /><ref name="ny2020" /> Mu 2017, [[Aline Munezero]] yari umwe mu bakinnyi b'abagore bahataniraga iki gihembo.<ref name="ny2017" /> === Rwanda International Movie Awards === Mu 2020, ibihembo byabaye ku nshuro ya karindwi. Byahinduye izina biba Rwanda International Movie Awards. Jackson Mucyo yavuze ko ibihembo byabaye mpuzamahanga. Filime n'abakinnyi bo mu mahanga na bo bashobora guhembwa.<ref name="ny2020" /> Rwanda Movie Week ya 2020 yatangiriye i [[Nyamata]] ku ya 21 Gashyantare 2020.<ref name="ny2020" /> RIMA ya mbere yabaye muri Werurwe 2020.<ref name="nt2020" /> Mu 2023, ibihembo byabaye ku nshuro ya munani. Byari ibihembo 30, mu byiciro bine: filime ndende, filime ngufi, filime z'uruhererekane na filime mbarankuru.<ref name="ny2023" /> Umuhango wabaye ku ya 1 Mata 2023, muri Crown Conference.<ref name="nt2023" /> [[Jeannette Bahavu]] yatsindiye igihembo cy'umukinnyi ukunzwe cyane. Yahawe imodoka.<ref name="aa2023" /> [[Emmanuel Mugisha]] yatsindiye igihembo cy'umukinnyi w'umugabo mwiza. [[Roger Niyoyita]] yatsindiye igihembo cy'umuyobozi wa filime mwiza. Mu cyiciro mpuzamahanga, [[Ini Edo]] na [[IK Ogbonna]] bo muri [[Nijeriya]] baratsinze.<ref name="nt2023" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist|refs= <ref name="ny2014">{{Cite web |url=https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/61415/rwanda-movie-awards-2015-filime-zihatanira-ibihembo-mu-byiciro-binyuranye-zatangiye-kwakirwa-61415.html |title=Rwanda Movie Awards 2015: Filime zihatanira ibihembo mu byiciro binyuranye zatangiye kwakirwa |author=Mutiganda Janvier |website=InyaRwanda |date=2014-12-19 |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> <ref name="ny2017">{{Cite web |url=https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/75918/munezero-aline-uri-mubahatanira-igihembo-cy-umukinnyi-wa-fil-75918.html |title=Munezero Aline uri mu bahatanira igihembo cy'umukinnyi wa filime ukunzwe kurusha abandi mu Rwanda ni muntu ki? |author=Ndayisaba Ben Claude |website=InyaRwanda |date=2017-06-18 |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> <ref name="ny2020">{{Cite web |url=https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/95581/rwanda-movie-week-abakinnyi-bibyamamare-muri-sinema-nyarwanda-biyamamarije-i-nyamata-amafo-95581.html |title=Rwanda Movie Week: Abakinnyi b'ibyamamare muri Sinema nyarwanda biyamamarije i Nyamata |website=InyaRwanda |date=2020-02-22 |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> <ref name="nt2020">{{Cite web |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/174823/Entertainment/glitz-and-glamour-at-rima-2020-film-awards |title=Glitz and glamour at RIMA 2020 film awards |author=Eddie Nsabimana |website=The New Times |date=2020-03-09 |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> <ref name="ny2023">{{Cite web |url=https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/125893/rwanda-international-movie-awards-hari-gushakishwa-abakinnyi-bakunzwe-bazavamo-uwegukana-i-125893.html |title=Rwanda International Movie Awards: Hari gushakishwa abakinnyi bakunzwe bazavamo uwegukana Imodoka |author=Janvier Iyamuremye |website=InyaRwanda |date=2023-02-09 |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> <ref name="nt2023">{{Cite web |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/6343/entertainment/cinema/winners-at-the-rwanda-international-movie-awards |title=Winners at the Rwanda International Movie Awards |author=Eliane Irakoze |website=The New Times |date=2023-04-02 |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> <ref name="aa2023">{{Cite web |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/202305180095.html |title=Rwanda: Bahavu Finally Gets Car She Won at Rwanda International Movie Awards |website=AllAfrica |date=2023-05-18 |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> }} == Reba kandi == === Ingingo zijyanye === * [[Aline Munezero]] * [[Emmanuel Mugisha]] * [[IK Ogbonna]] * [[Ini Edo]] * [[Jackson Mucyo]] * [[Roger Niyoyita]] * [[Jeannette Bahavu]] * [[Mashariki African Film Festival]] === Ihuza ryo hanze === * [https://web.archive.org/web/20230320232125/https://rimaward.org/ Urubuga rwa RIMA] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] r2hblm002rjx93mr4dsscchaw5cn9ja 0 23765 148955 143188 2026-11-05T04:27:41Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 148955 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Jackson Mucyo | nationality = Umunyarwanda | occupation = Umuyobozi wa Ishusho Arts | known_for = [[Rwanda Movie Awards]] }} '''Jackson Mucyo''' (cyangwa Mucyo Jackson) ni Umunyarwanda ukora mu ruganda rwa [[Filime|sinema]]. Ni umuyobozi wa Ishusho Arts. Ishusho Arts itegura ibihembo bya [[Rwanda Movie Awards]]. Kuva mu 2020, ibi bihembo byitwa Rwanda International Movie Awards (RIMA). == Umwuga == Jackson Mucyo ayobora Ishusho Arts.<ref name="nt2016"/> Ishusho Arts ni ikigo cya sinema cyo mu [[Rwanda]]. Cyashinzwe muri Kanama 2011.<ref name="nt2020"/> Gitegura ibihembo bya Rwanda Movie Awards. Ibi bihembo byatangiye mu 2012.<ref name="iny2023"/> Ikinyamakuru ''The New Times'' cyo mu 2025 kivuga ko Mucyo ari we washinze RIMA.<ref name="nt2025"/> Mu 2016, Rwanda Movie Awards zatanzwe ku nshuro ya gatanu. Mucyo yavuze ko abahatana bagomba no guturuka hanze y'u Rwanda. Yavuze ko ibihembo byahabwaga abantu bamwe buri gihe. Yasabye abakora filime kwita ku bwiza bw'ibikorwa byabo. Yasabye kandi abafana, abikorera na Leta gushyigikira sinema nyarwanda.<ref name="nt2016"/> Mu 2020, ibi bihembo byabaye mpuzamahanga. Byiswe Rwanda International Movie Awards (RIMA). Mucyo yari umuhuzabikorwa wa RIMA. Yavuze ko abakora filime bo mu Rwanda batangiye guhatana mu maserukiramuco mpuzamahanga. Yavuze kandi ko hazabaho umunota wo guceceka bibuka umukinnyi [[Denis Nsanzamahoro]].<ref name="nt2020"/> Mu Gushyingo 2021, Mucyo yitabiriye itangizwa ry'urubuga Vugafrica.rw. Uru rubuga rugenewe abanditsi ba filime. Mucyo yavuze ko igihe kigeze ngo abanditsi ba filime bungukire mu byo bakora.<ref name="iny2021a"/> Mu Kuboza 2021, yatangaje ko umukinnyi ukunzwe n'abantu (''People's Choice'') azahembwa imodoka.<ref name="iny2021b"/> Muri Mutarama 2023, Mucyo yasobanuye ko ibihembo bya 2022 byasubitswe. Impamvu zirimo icyorezo cya [[COVID-19]] n'amabwiriza yagongaga abashyitsi baturutse hanze.<ref name="iny2023"/> Mu Kuboza 2025, Mucyo yitabiriye iKON Activate i [[Kigali]]. Iki gikorwa gitegurwa n'ibihembo bya iKON Awards byo muri [[Ubugande]].<ref name="nt2025"/> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist|refs= <ref name="nt2016">{{Cite web |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/128525/Entertainment/rwanda-movie-awards-attract-regional-players |title=Rwanda Movie Awards attract regional players |author=Julius Bizimungu |website=The New Times |date=2016-03-29 |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> <ref name="nt2020">{{Cite web |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/174669/Entertainment/nominees-announced-for-inaugural-rwanda-international-movie-awards |title=Nominees announced for inaugural Rwanda International Movie Awards |author=Eddie Nsabimana |website=The New Times |date=2020-03-03 |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> <ref name="iny2021a">{{Cite web |url=https://inyarwanda.com/rw/amakuru/abanditsi-ba-filime-bashyiriweho-urubuga-rwa-internet-bazacururizaho-inkuru-zabo-amafoto-111952 |title=Abanditsi ba filime bashyiriweho urubuga rwa internet bazacururizaho inkuru zabo |author=Janvier Iyamuremye |website=InyaRwanda |date=2021-11-27 |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> <ref name="iny2021b">{{Cite web |url=https://inyarwanda.com/rw/amakuru/imodoka-mu-bihembo-bizatangwa-muri-rwanda-international-movie-awards-112617 |title=Imodoka mu bihembo bizatangwa muri Rwanda International Movie Awards |author=Janvier Iyamuremye |website=InyaRwanda |date=2021-12-15 |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> <ref name="iny2023">{{Cite web |url=https://inyarwanda.com/rw/amakuru/alliah-cool-yahawe-akazi-muri-rwanda-international-movie-award-yagarukanye-imbaraga-125126 |title=Alliah Cool na Aaron bahawe inshingano muri Rwanda International Movie Awards yagarukanye imbaraga |author=Janvier Iyamuremye |website=InyaRwanda |date=2023-01-20 |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> <ref name="nt2025">{{Cite web |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/202512220316.html |title=Rwanda: Filmmakers Brace for Regional Boost As Ikon Awards Expand |author=Tonny Mwiseneza |website=AllAfrica |publisher=The New Times |date=2025-12-22 |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20261024070150/https://allafrica.com/stories/202512220316.html |archive-date=2026-10-24 |url-status=dead}}</ref> }} {{Stub}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Mucyo, Jackson}} [[Ikiciro:Abanyarwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abagabo]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] 5i2wsgtf91fr2inw9z6erpwp9feqvho 0 23766 148988 143195 2026-11-05T10:05:06Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 148988 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | above = ''The Bride'' | label1 = Umuyobozi | data1 = Myriam Uwiragiye Birara | label2 = Uwanditse inkuru | data2 = Myriam Uwiragiye Birara | label3 = Abakinnyi | data3 = Sandra Umulisa<br />Aline Amike<br />Daniel Gaga<br />Fabiola Mukasekuru<br />Beata Mukakamanzi<br />Justine Musabyeyezu | label4 = Ufata amashusho | data4 = Bora Shingiro | label5 = Igihugu | data5 = [[Rwanda]] | label6 = Ururimi | data6 = [[Ikinyarwanda]] | label7 = Uburebure | data7 = Iminota 73 | label8 = Yasohotse | data8 = 2023 }} '''''The Bride''''' ni filime yo mu [[Rwanda]] yasohotse mu 2023. Yayobowe kandi yandikwa na Myriam Uwiragiye Birara. Ni yo filime ndende ya mbere yakoze. Ivuga ku muco wa « guterura », aho umukobwa ashimutwa agashyingirwa ku gahato. Iyi filime yerekanywe bwa mbere mu iserukiramuco rya Berlinale mu 2023. Yahawe ibihembo mu maserukiramuco menshi, harimo FESPACO mu 2025. == Inkuru == Inkuru ibera mu cyaro cy'u Rwanda mu 1997, hashize imyaka itatu habaye [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]].<ref name="lpa" /> Eva ni umukobwa ukiri muto. Yifuza kwiga ubuvuzi.<ref name="berlinale" /> Umugabo witwa Silas aramushimuta, akamufata ku ngufu. Hanyuma Eva ashyingirwa ku gahato.<ref name="lpa" /> Eva aba mu rugo rumwe n'umugabo we na mubyara w'umugabo we. Eva n'uwo mubyara baba inshuti. Eva amenya uko Jenoside yagize ingaruka ku muryango w'umugabo we.<ref name="berlinale" /> == Ikorwa rya filime == Myriam Uwiragiye Birara yashingiye inkuru ku byabaye ku bagore bo mu muryango we, bashyingiwe ku gahato.<ref name="aa2025" /> Mbere yaho, yari yarakoze filime ngufi ''HOME'' (2021).<ref name="arsenal" /> Sandra Umulisa, murumuna w'umuyobozi wa filime, ni we ukina Eva. Aline Amike yatoranyijwe binyuze ku mbuga nkoranyambaga.<ref name="lpa" /> Amashusho yafashwe na Bora Shingiro.<ref name="berlinale" /> == Ibihembo == * Berlinale 2023: ishimwe ryihariye ry'akanama nkemurampaka, mu gihembo cya filime ndende ya mbere (GWFF).<ref name="lpa" /><ref name="fespaco" /> * Iserukiramuco rya Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (Espanye): Harimaguada de Plata n'igihembo cya CIMA.<ref name="fespaco" /> * Festival du nouveau cinéma (Kanada): igihembo cy'umukinnyi mwiza w'umugore n'ishimwe ryihariye.<ref name="fespaco" /> * Iserukiramuco rya filime nyafurika rya Khouribga ([[Maroke]]): Grand Prix Sembène n'igihembo cy'abanenga filime.<ref name="fespaco" /> * Novos Cinemas (Espanye), 2023: ibihembo bitatu.<ref name="aa2025" /> * FESPACO 2025 (Burkina Faso): Prix spécial UNFPA.<ref name="aa2025" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist|refs= <ref name="berlinale">{{Cite web |url=https://www.berlinale.de/en/2023/programme/202305569.html |title=The Bride |website=Berlinale |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> <ref name="lpa">{{Cite web |url=https://www.lpafilmfestival.com/en/?p=20171 |title=The Bride, a tribute to Rwandan women victims of forced marriage |website=Las Palmas de Gran Canaria International Film Festival |date=2023-04-21 |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> <ref name="fespaco">{{Cite web |url=https://fespaco.bf/en/the-bride/ |title=The Bride |website=FESPACO |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> <ref name="arsenal">{{Cite web |url=https://arsenal-berlin.de/en/forum-forum-expanded/archive/program-archive/2023/program-forum/main-program/the-bride/essay-disappeared-from-view |title=Disappeared from View |author=Kelli Weston |website=Arsenal – Institut für Film und Videokunst |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> <ref name="aa2025">{{Cite web |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/202503030058.html |title=Rwandan Film 'The Bride' Bags Award At FESPACO 2025 |author=Eliane Irakoze |website=The New Times (AllAfrica) |date=2025-03-03 |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250725125819/https://allafrica.com/stories/202503030058.html |archive-date=2025-07-25 |url-status=dead}}</ref> }} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [https://www.berlinale.de/en/2023/programme/202305569.html ''The Bride''] ku rubuga rwa Berlinale [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] nwamk63vlmukbqzs8znxl607xaqhoqx 0 23837 148906 143841 2026-11-04T19:27:21Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 148906 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Abouba Iradukunda | nationality = Umunyarwanda | occupation = Umukinnyi wa filime, umuyobozi wa filime | known_for = ''[[The Bishop's Family]]'', ''[[Bamenya]]'' }} '''Abouba Iradukunda''' ni umukinnyi wa filime wo mu [[Rwanda]]. Yakinnye muri filime z'uruhererekane nka ''[[Bamenya]]'', ''City Maid'' na ''[[The Bishop's Family]]''. Yanditse kandi ayobora filime ye ya mbere, ''Indushyi''. Mu 2023, Abouba Iradukunda yatsindiye igihembo cy'umukinnyi w'umugabo mwiza wungirije muri [[Rwanda Movie Awards|Rwanda International Movie Awards]]. == Ubuzima == === Ubwana n'intangiriro === Inshuti ya Abouba Iradukunda yashyize ifoto ye ku mbuga nkoranyambaga. Umuyobozi wa filime w'umugore yabonye iyo foto. Yabonye ko Abouba Iradukunda asa n'umukinnyi yashakaga muri filime ye. Nyuma, undi muyobozi wa filime yamuhaye uruhare. Abouba Iradukunda yasinye amasezerano ya filime ye ya mbere.<ref name="aa2024"/> Ababyeyi be babanje kubyanga. Batinyaga ko gukina filime byamuteza ibibazo. Batinyaga kandi ko kwamamara byamuhindura. Nyuma babonye ko atahindutse, baramushyigikira.<ref name="aa2024"/> === Umwuga === Abouba Iradukunda yakinnye muri filime ''[[Bamenya]]'', ''City Maid'', ''[[The Bishop's Family]]'', ''Agahinda ka Liza'', ''Maya'' na ''[[Isi Dutuye]]''.<ref name="aa2024"/> Ni umwe mu bakinnyi bakuru ba ''The Bishop's Family''.<ref name="igihe2023"/> Yanditse kandi ayobora filime ye ya mbere, ''Indushyi''.<ref name="aa2024"/> Ku ya 1 Mata 2023, Abouba Iradukunda yatsindiye igihembo cy'umukinnyi w'umugabo mwiza wungirije (''Best Supporting Actor'') muri Rwanda International Movie Awards.<ref name="igihe2023"/> Mu 2024, yavuze ko ashaka gukorera no ku isoko mpuzamahanga.<ref name="aa2024"/> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist|refs= <ref name="aa2024">{{Cite web |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/202404230024.html |title=Rwanda: Who Is Iradukunda, Rwanda's Emerging Movie Star? |website=AllAfrica |date=2024-04-23 |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240424065425/https://allafrica.com/stories/202404230024.html |archive-date=2024-04-24 |url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="igihe2023">{{Cite web |url=https://mobile.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/rwasa-yahembwe-herekanwa-umwana-yasize-udushya-twaranze-rwanda-international |title=Rwasa yahembwe, herekanwa umwana yasize; udushya twaranze Rwanda International Movie Awards |website=IGIHE |date=2023-04-02 |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> }} == Ingingo zijyanye == * [[The Bishop's Family]] * [[Bamenya]] * [[Rwanda Movie Awards]] {{DEFAULTSORT:Iradukunda, Abouba}} [[Ikiciro:Abanyarwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abagabo]] [[Ikiciro:Filime nyarwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] g0f4ytkqro3rsdey8tahu0ojhypkb41 0 23967 148902 148821 2026-11-04T12:05:17Z Score Beethoven 11559 148902 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition | name = Angioedema | image = Angioedema2010.JPG | caption = Angioedema | field = Ubuvuzi bw'ubudahangarwa | symptoms = Kubyimba mu maso, ku rurimi, mu muhogo | causes = Ubwivumbure, imiti imwe n'imwe, imiterere y'umubiri | treatment = Antihistamines, corticosteroids, epinephrine | frequency = Abantu 100.000 buri mwaka muri Amerika }} '''Angioedema''' ni ahantu habyimba uruhu n'ingingo munsi y'uruhu cyangwa mu ruhu. == Ibimenyetso == Angioedema ni ahantu habyimba uruhu n'ingingo munsi y'uruhu cyangwa mu ruhu.<ref name="Bern2017">{{Cite journal|last=Bernstein|first=JA|last2=Cremonesi|first2=P|last3=Hoffmann|first3=TK|last4=Hollingsworth|first4=J|title=Angioedema in the emergency department: a practical guide to differential diagnosis and management.|journal=International Journal of Emergency Medicine|date=December 2017|volume=10|issue=1|pages=15|pmid=28405953|doi=10.1186/s12245-017-0141-z|pmc=5389952}}</ref> Kubyimba bishobora kugaragara mu maso, ku rurimi, mu mihogo, mu nda, cyangwa mu maboko no mu maguru.<ref name="Bern2017" /> Akenshi bifitanye isano n'uduheri, tubyimba mu ruhu rwo hejuru.<ref name="Bern2017" /><ref name="Hab2009">{{cite book|last1=Habif|first1=Thomas P.|title=Clinical Dermatology E-Book|date=2009|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=978-0323080378|page=182|edition=5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kDWlWR5UbqQC&pg=PA182|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170910152025/https://books.google.ca/books?id=kDWlWR5UbqQC&pg=PA182|archive-date=2017-09-10}}</ref> Itangira ry’indwara rikunze kuba mu minota cyangwa amasaha.<ref name="Bern2017" /> == Impamvu == Uburyo bw'ibanze bukunze kuba burimo histamine cyangwa bradykinin.<ref name="Bern2017" /> Ubwoko bujyanye na histamine buterwa [[Allergique|n'ingaruka z'ubwivumbure]] ku bintu nk'udukoko, ibiryo, cyangwa imiti.<ref name="Bern2017" /> Iyi verisiyo ijyanye na bradykinin ishobora guterwa n'ikibazo cy'umubiri uvukana kizwi nka C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency, imiti izwi nka angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, cyangwa indwara ya lymphoproliferative.<ref name="Bern2017" /> == Ubuvuzi == Ibikorwa byo kurinda inzira z'ubuhumekero bishobora kuba birimo gushyira umuyoboro mu muhogo (''intubation'') cyangwa cricothyroidotomy.<ref name="Bern2017" /> Angioedema iterwa na histamine ishobora kuvurwa hakoreshejwe imiti irwanya histamine (antihistamines), imiti ya corticosteroids, na epinephrine.<ref name="Bern2017" /> Ku bafite indwara iterwa na bradykinin, umuti ubuza C1 esterase, ecallantide, cyangwa icatibant ushobora gukoreshwa.<ref name="Bern2017" /> Plasma nshya ikonje ishobora gukoreshwa mu mwanya wayo.<ref name="Bern2017" /> Muri [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika]], iyi ndwara yibasira abantu bagera ku 100.000 buri mwaka.<ref name="Bern2017" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Angioedema|Amafoto ajyanye na Edema ya angioneurotic]] kuri Wikimedia Commons [[Ikiciro:Indwara]] [[Ikiciro:Ubuzima]] mcbqz9pfbie855xdspgjc05jrito52z 0 23969 148901 148825 2026-11-04T12:05:15Z Score Beethoven 11559 148901 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition | name = Pericardite | image = Cardiovascular system - Pericarditis -- Smart-Servier.png | caption = Igishushanyo cya pericardite | field = Ubuvuzi bw'umutima | symptoms = Kubabara mu gatuza bitunguranye | causes = Akenshi virusi | diagnosis = Ububabare, ECG, amazi akikije umutima | treatment = NSAID, colchicine | frequency = 3 ku 10.000 buri mwaka }} '''Pericardite''' ni ukubyimba kwa pericardium (agasaho k'imitsi gakikije [[umutima]]). == Ibimenyetso == Pericardite ni ukubyimba kwa pericardium (agasaho k'imitsi gakikije [[umutima]]). Ibimenyetso bikunze kuba birimo kubabara mu gatuza bitunguranye.<ref name="NIH2012Sym">{{cite web|title=What Are the Signs and Symptoms of Pericarditis?|url=https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/peri/signs| website = National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute |access-date=28 September 2016|date=September 26, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161002032323/https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/peri/signs|archive-date=2 October 2016}}</ref> Ububabare bushobora no kumvikana mu bitugu, mu ijosi, cyangwa mu mugongo.<ref name="NIH2012Sym" /> Ubusanzwe ni byiza kwicara kandi ni bibi kurushaho iyo uryamye cyangwa uhumeka cyane.<ref name="NIH2012Sym" /> Ibindi bimenyetso bishobora kuba birimo umuriro, gucika intege, gucika intege mu mutima no kubura umwuka.<ref name="NIH2012Sym" /> Rimwe na rimwe ibimenyetso biratangira buhoro buhoro.<ref name="NIH2012What">{{cite web|title=What Is Pericarditis?|url=https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/peri|website=National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute|date=September 26, 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161002030835/https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/peri|archive-date=October 2, 2016}}</ref> Ingorane zishobora kuba zirimo tamponade y'umutima, myocarditis, na pericarditis yo mu mutima.<ref name="HEART2015">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Imazio M, Gaita F|title=Diagnosis and treatment of pericarditis|journal=Heart|volume=101|issue=14|pages=1159–68|date=July 2015|pmid=25855795|doi=10.1136/heartjnl-2014-306362}}</ref> == Impamvu n'isuzuma == Impamvu ya pericarditis ikunze guterwa n'ubwandu bwa virusi.<ref name="AFP2007">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Tingle LE, Molina D, Calvert CW|title=Acute pericarditis|journal=American Family Physician|volume=76|issue=10|pages=1509–14|date=November 2007|pmid=18052017}}</ref> Izindi mpamvu zirimo indwara zandurira mu mikorobe nka [[Igitunu|igituntu]], indwara ya uremic pericarditis, nyuma yo [[Indwara y'umutima|kurwara indwara y'umutima]], [[Indwara Ya Kanseri|kanseri]], [[Indwara y'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri|indwara ziterwa n'ubwiyongere bw'umubiri]], ndetse n'indwara zo mu gatuza.<ref name="AFP2007" /> Impamvu akenshi ntizwi.<ref name="AFP2007" /> Gusuzuma indwara bishingiye ku bubabare bwo mu gituza, gukanda umutima, impinduka za electrocardiogram (ECG) ku mutima, n'amazi akikije umutima.<ref name="Im2015">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Imazio M, Gaita F, LeWinter M|title=Evaluation and Treatment of Pericarditis: A Systematic Review|journal=Jama|volume=314|issue=14|pages=1498–506|date=October 2015|pmid=26461998|doi=10.1001/jama.2015.12763}}</ref> Izindi ndwara zishobora kuzana ibimenyetso nk'ibyo zirimo [[indwara y'umutima]]. == Ubuvuzi == Akenshi ubuvuzi butangwa hakoreshejwe [[Umuti utari umuti urwanya ububyimbirwe|imiti igabanya ubukana bwa NSAID]] ndetse na [[colchicine]].<ref name="Im2015" /> Imiti ya steroid ishobora gukoreshwa niba idakwiye.<ref name="Im2015" /> Ubusanzwe ibimenyetso biragenda neza mu minsi mike cyangwa ibyumweru bike ariko rimwe na rimwe bishobora kumara amezi menshi. Ni impamvu idakunze kugaragara yo kubabara mu gatuza.<ref>{{Cite journal|vauthors=McConaghy JR, Oza RS|title=Outpatient diagnosis of acute chest pain in adults|journal=American Family Physician|volume=87|issue=3|pages=177–82|date=February 2013|pmid=23418761}}</ref> Abantu bagera kuri 3 ku bantu 10.000 ni bo bibasirwa buri mwaka.<ref name="HEART2015" /> Abakunze kwibasirwa n’iyi ndwara ni abagabo bari hagati y’imyaka 20 na 50.<ref name="NIH2012Who">{{cite web|title=Who Is at Risk for Pericarditis?|url=https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/peri/atrisk| website = National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute |access-date=28 September 2016|date=September 26, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161002014435/https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/peri/atrisk|archive-date=2 October 2016}}</ref> Abagera kuri 30% by'abahuye n'iki kibazo bafite ibihe birenga kimwe. == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Pericarditis|Amafoto ajyanye na Pericardite]] kuri Wikimedia Commons [[Ikiciro:Indwara]] [[Ikiciro:Ubuzima]] ag28mjzdzrxi9y48t67d2jaxwi187pk 0 23970 148900 148827 2026-11-04T12:05:13Z Score Beethoven 11559 148900 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition | name = Psoriatic arthritis | image = Psoriatic arthritis2010.JPG | caption = Psoriatic arthritis | field = Ubuvuzi bw'ingingo (rhumatologie) | symptoms = Kubyimba kw'intoki n'amano, impinduka ku nzara | causes = Imiterere y'umubiri n'ibidukikije | diagnosis = Hashingiwe ku bimenyetso | treatment = NSAIDs, methotrexate, imiti irwanya TNF | frequency = 0,3% kugeza 1% by'abantu }} '''Indwara ya rubagimpande y'amagufwa''' ni indwara y'ububyimbirwe bw'amagufwa ifata abantu barwaye psoriasis. == Ibimenyetso == Indwara ya rubagimpande y'amagufwa ni indwara y'ububyimbirwe bw'amagufwa ifata abantu barwaye psoriasis.<ref name="Stat2020">{{Cite journal|last=Tiwari|first=V|last2=Brent|first2=LH|title=Psoriatic Arthritis|date=January 2020|pmid=31613490|journal=StatPearls}}</ref> Imiterere itandukanye y'ingingo ishobora kuba irimo.<ref name="Stat2020" /> Ibimenyetso bikunze kuba birimo kubyimba intoki zose n'amano bigatuma umuntu asa n'aho asa n'isosiso. Hashobora kubaho impinduka ku nzara nko gupfundikanya utuntu duto (imigozi), gukomera, cyangwa kwitandukanya n'imisumari.<ref name="Rit2017">{{cite journal|last1=Ritchlin|first1=CT|last2=Colbert|first2=RA|last3=Gladman|first3=DD|title=Psoriatic Arthritis|journal=New England Journal of Medicine|date=March 2017|volume=376|issue=10|pages=957–70|doi=10.1056/NEJMra1505557|pmid=28273019|s2cid=43867408|type=Review}}</ref> Impinduka z'uruhu za psoriasis ( ibice bitukura n'ibishishwa ) bibaho kuri 85% mbere yuko rubagimpande rutangira.<ref name="Rit2017" /> == Impamvu n'isuzuma == Impamvu ifitanye isano n'uruvange rw'ibintu bigize imiterere y'umubiri n'ibidukikije.<ref name="Stat2020" /> Kimwe cya gatatu kugeza kuri kimwe cya kabiri bafite mwene wabo urwaye psoriasis.<ref name="Stat2020" /> Hagati ya 25% na 50% bafite ubwoko bwa HLA-B27. Bifitanye isano kandi n'umubyibuho ukabije n'umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso.<ref name="Rit2017" /> Ishyirwa mu cyiciro cy'ubwoko bwa spondyloarthropathy.<ref name="Stat2020" /> Gusuzuma indwara bishingiye ku bimenyetso.<ref name="Rit2017" /> == Ubuvuzi == Kuvura indwara yoroheje bishobora gukorwa hakoreshejwe [[Umuti utari umuti urwanya ububyimbirwe|imiti igabanya ubukana bwa NSAIDs]] mu gihe indwara ikomeye ishobora kuvurwa hakoreshejwe imiti igabanya ubukana [[Methotrexate|bwa methotrexate]] cyangwa TNF.<ref name="Stat2020" /> Izindi ngamba zishobora kuba zirimo physiotherapy.<ref name="Stat2020" /> Ubumuga bukabije bushobora gutera.<ref name="Stat2020" /> == Ikwirakwira == Indwara ya rubagimpande y'imitsi yibasira abantu bari hagati ya 0.3% na 1% (kugeza kuri 30% by'abafite psoriasis).<ref name="Rit2017" /> Ibi birimo abana n'abakuru. Abagabo n'abagore bakunze kwibasirwa n'iyi ndwara.<ref name="Rit2017" /> Ntabwo bikunze kugaragara cyane ku bantu bafite inkomoko muri Aziya cyangwa muri Afurika.<ref name="Rit2017" /> Byasobanuwe neza bwa mbere mu 1973.<ref name="Rit2017" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Psoriatic arthritis|Amafoto ajyanye na Indwara ya psoriatic arthritis]] kuri Wikimedia Commons [[Ikiciro:Indwara]] [[Ikiciro:Ubuzima]] 4iztpf827q2rpgwuorey63oo5eubnzr 0 23974 148899 148835 2026-11-04T12:05:10Z Score Beethoven 11559 148899 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition | name = Schistosomiasis | image = Schistosomiasis in a child 2.jpg | caption = Umwana urwaye schistosomiasis | synonyms = Bilharzia | field = Indwara zandura | symptoms = Kubabara mu nda, impiswi, amaraso mu nkari | causes = Inzoka zo mu bwoko bwa schistosoma | prevention = Amazi meza, kugabanya ibishwi | medication = Praziquantel | frequency = Abantu miliyoni 252 (2015) | deaths = 4.400 kugeza 200.000 buri mwaka }} '''Schistosomiasis''', izwi kandi nka ''snail fever'' na '''bilharzia''', ni indwara iterwa n'inzoka zo mu bwoko bwa parasites zitwa schistosomes. == Ibimenyetso == Schistosomiasis, izwi kandi nka ''snail fever'' na bilharzia,<ref>{{Cite journal|vauthors=Colley DG, Bustinduy AL, Secor WE, King CH|title=Human schistosomiasis|journal=Lancet|volume=383|issue=9936|pages=2253–64|date=June 2014|pmid=24698483|pmc=4672382|doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(13)61949-2|url=http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(13)61949-2/abstract|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140829010728/http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(13)61949-2/abstract|archive-date=2014-08-29}}</ref> ni indwara iterwa n'inzoka zo mu bwoko bwa parasites zitwa schistosomes.<ref name="WHO2023">{{Cite web|title=Schistosomiasis|url=https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/schistosomiasis|website=www.who.int|publisher=World Health Organization|access-date=27 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231127060551/https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/schistosomiasis|archive-date=27 November 2023|language=en|date=1 February 2023}}</ref> Uduce tw'inkari cyangwa amara bishobora kuba byaranduye.<ref name="WHO2023" /> Ibimenyetso birimo kubabara mu nda, [[impiswi]], umwanda uri kuva amaraso, cyangwa amaraso mu nkari.<ref name="WHO2014" /> Abantu bamaze igihe kinini banduye bashobora kwangirika k'umwijima, [[Kunanirwa kw'impyiko|impyiko zinanirwa gukora neza]], ubugumba, cyangwa [[kanseri y'uruhago]].<ref name="WHO2023" /> Ku bana, bishobora gutera imikurire mibi no kugorwa no kwiga.<ref name="WHO2014">{{Cite web|title=Schistosomiasis Fact sheet N°115|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs115/en|publisher=World Health Organization|access-date=15 March 2014|date=3 February 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140312203924/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs115/en/|archive-date=12 March 2014}}</ref> == Uko yandura n'isuzuma == Iyi ndwara ikwirakwira iyo ikoze mu mazi meza yanduye udukoko.<ref name="WHO2014" /> Izi parasite zikurwa mu bishwi byo mu mazi yanduye.<ref name="WHO2014" /> Iyi ndwara ikunze kugaragara cyane mu bana bo mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere, kuko bakunda gukinira mu mazi yanduye.<ref name="WHO2014" /> Andi matsinda y’abantu bashobora guhura n’akaga gakomeye arimo abahinzi, abarobyi, n’abantu bakoresha amazi mabi mu buzima bwa buri munsi.<ref name="WHO2014" /> Iri mu itsinda ry'indwara za helminth.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Chapter 3 Infectious Diseases Related To Travel|url=http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2014/chapter-3-infectious-diseases-related-to-travel/schistosomiasis|publisher=cdc.gov|access-date=30 November 2014|date=1 August 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402165447/http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2014/chapter-3-infectious-diseases-related-to-travel/schistosomiasis|archive-date=2 April 2015}}</ref> Gusuzuma ni ugusanga amagi y'udukoko mu nkari cyangwa mu mwanda w'umuntu.<ref name="WHO2014" /> Bishobora kandi kwemezwa no kubona uturemangingo dutera indwara mu maraso.<ref name="WHO2014" /> == Kwirinda n'ubuvuzi == Uburyo bwo kwirinda iyi ndwara burimo kunoza uburyo bwo kubona amazi meza no kugabanya umubare w'ibishwi.<ref name="WHO2014" /> Mu turere aho iyi ndwara ikunze kugaragara, umuti wa praziquantel ushobora gutangwa rimwe mu mwaka ku itsinda ryose.<ref name="WHO2014" /> Ibi bikorwa kugira ngo hagabanuke umubare w'abandura, bityo bigabanye ikwirakwira ry'iyi ndwara.<ref name="WHO2014" /> Praziquantel ni uburyo bwo kuvura busabwa n'Umuryango [[WHO|w'Abibumbye wita ku Buzima]] ku bantu bazwiho kwandura.<ref name="WHO2014" /> == Ikwirakwira == Schistosomiasis yibasiwe n’abantu bagera kuri miliyoni 252 ku isi yose mu 2015.<ref name="GBD2015Pre">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Vos T, Allen C, Arora M, Barber RM, Bhutta ZA, Brown A, etal|title=Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015|journal=Lancet|volume=388|issue=10053|pages=1545–1602|date=October 2016|pmid=27733282|pmc=5055577|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6}}</ref> Abantu babarirwa hagati ya 4.400 na 200.000 bapfa bazize iyo ndwara buri mwaka.<ref name="The2013">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Thétiot-Laurent SA, Boissier J, Robert A, Meunier B|title=Schistosomiasis chemotherapy|journal=Angewandte Chemie|volume=52|issue=31|pages=7936–56|date=July 2013|pmid=23813602|doi=10.1002/anie.201208390}}</ref><ref name="GBD2015De">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Vos T, Allen C, Arora M, Barber RM, Bhutta ZA, Brown A, etal|title=Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015|journal=Lancet|volume=388|issue=10053|pages=1459–1544|date=October 2016|pmid=27733281|pmc=5388903|doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(16)31012-1}}</ref> Iyi ndwara ikunze kuboneka muri Afurika, Aziya na Amerika y'Epfo.<ref name="WHO2014" /> Abantu bagera kuri miliyoni 700, mu bihugu birenga 70, baba mu turere tugaragaramo iyi ndwara.<ref name="The2013" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=Schistosomiasis A major public health problem|url=http://www.who.int/schistosomiasis/en|publisher=World Health Organization|access-date=15 March 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140405213018/http://www.who.int/schistosomiasis/en/|archive-date=5 April 2014}}</ref> Mu bihugu bishyuha, indwara ya schistosomiasis iza ku mwanya wa kabiri nyuma ya [[Marariya|malariya]] mu ndwara ziterwa n’udukoko zigira ingaruka zikomeye mu bukungu.<ref name="SCP">{{Cite web|last=The Carter Center|title=Schistosomiasis Control Program|url=http://www.cartercenter.org/health/schistosomiasis/index.html|access-date=17 July 2008|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080720091015/http://cartercenter.org/health/schistosomiasis/index.html|archive-date=20 July 2008}}</ref> Schistosomiasis igaragara nk'indwara yibasirwa n'iy'ubushyuhe.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Neglected Tropical Diseases|url=https://www.cdc.gov/globalhealth/ntd/diseases/index.html|publisher=cdc.gov|access-date=28 November 2014|date=6 June 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141204084219/http://www.cdc.gov/globalhealth/ntd/diseases/index.html|archive-date=4 December 2014}}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Schistosomiasis|Amafoto ajyanye na Schistosomiasis]] kuri Wikimedia Commons [[Ikiciro:Indwara]] [[Ikiciro:Ubuzima]] s9mexg3q9evsze41bg3td552qhuw2ks 0 23975 148898 148837 2026-11-04T12:05:08Z Score Beethoven 11559 148898 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition | name = Uremia | image = Harnstoff.svg | caption = Imiterere ya molekile ya urée | field = Ubuvuzi bw'impyiko | symptoms = Umunaniro, isesemi, kubura ubushake bwo kurya, urujijo | causes = Kunanirwa kw'impyiko | treatment = Dialyse, gusimbuza impyiko }} '''Uremia''' ni itsinda ry'ibimenyetso bituruka ku [[Kunanirwa kw'impyiko|mikorere mibi y'impyiko]]. == Ibimenyetso == Uremia ni itsinda ry'ibimenyetso bituruka ku [[Kunanirwa kw'impyiko|mikorere mibi y'impyiko]].<ref name="Stat2020">{{Cite journal|last=Zemaitis|first=MR|last2=Foris|first2=LA|last3=Katta|first3=S|last4=Bashir|first4=K|title=Uremia|date=January 2020|pmid=28722889|journal=StatPearls}}</ref> Ibi bimenyetso bishobora kuba birimo umunaniro, isesemi, kubura ubushake bwo kurya, kuribwa mu mitsi, gushyuha, indwara yo kuruhuka mu maguru, urujijo, cyangwa impumuro y'inkari mu mwuka.<ref name="Stat2020" /><ref name="Mey2007">{{Cite journal|last=Meyer TW|last2=Hostetter, TH|title=Uremia|journal=N Engl J Med|volume=357|issue=13|pages=1316–25|year=2007|pmid=17898101|doi=10.1056/NEJMra071313}}</ref> Ingorane zikomeye zishobora kuba zirimo hematoma zo mu gice cy'imbere cy'umutima, pericarditis, cyangwa [[Kubyimba kw'ibihaha|edema y'ibihaha]].<ref name="Stat2020" /> == Impamvu == Iyi ndwara ishobora guterwa no kunanirwa kw'impyiko mu buryo butunguranye cyangwa budakira.<ref name="Stat2020" /> Ibi bishobora guterwa na diyabete, umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso, stenosis y'imitsi y'impyiko, hemolytic uremic syndrome, IgA nephropathy, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, cyangwa indwara y'impyiko ya polycystic.<ref name="Stat2020" /> Uburyo bw'ibanze burimo kwegeranya imyanda isanzwe ikurwamo n'impyiko.<ref name="Mey2007" /> Ibimenyetso bya Uremike bikunze kubaho gusa iyo igipimo cyo kuyungurura glomerular (GFR) kiri munsi ya 15 mL/umunota.<ref name="Stat2020" /> Nubwo ibimenyetso bike bishobora kugaragara kuri GFR hafi y’ibisanzwe.<ref name="Mey2007" /> == Ubuvuzi == Ubusanzwe ubuvuzi bwa mbere bukorwa hakoreshejwe dialyse.<ref name="Stat2020" /> Imiti itera imbaraga mu mikorere y’amaraso ishobora gukoreshwa ku bantu bafite [[Anemie|uturemangingo dutukura duke]] kandi indyo nke ya potasiyumu ishobora kuba isabwa.<ref name="Stat2020" /> Ibi bishobora gukurikirwa no gusimbuzwa impyiko.<ref name="Stat2020" /> Hatabayeho kuvurwa, ingaruka ziba mbi.<ref name="Stat2020" /> == Ikwirakwira n'amateka == Inshuro uremia igaragara ntabwo zirasobanutse neza kuko abantu benshi batangira gukora dialyse mbere yuko imikorere y'impyiko igabanuka kugeza ku rugero rusabwa kugira ngo iboneke.<ref name="Stat2020" /> Ijambo "uremia" risobanura "inkari mu maraso".<ref name="Stat2020" /> Nubwo bwa mbere yakoreshwaga ku bimenyetso byose biterwa no kunanirwa kw'impyiko, kuva mu myaka ya 2000 yakoreshwaga cyane kuri ibyo bimenyetso atari ukubera amazi menshi, imikorere mibi ya electrolyte, cyangwa uturemangingo dutukura duke.<ref name="Mey2007" /> Iyi ndwara yasobanuwe bwa mbere mu 1836 na Richard Bright.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Tilney|first=Nicholas L.|title=Transplant: From Myth to Reality|date=2003|publisher=Yale University Press|isbn=978-0-300-09963-8|page=46|url=https://www.google.ca/books/edition/Transplant/K2XtU-b3UBwC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Uremia+first+described+hippocrates&pg=PA46|language=en|access-date=2020-11-25|archive-date=2021-08-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210827173245/https://www.google.ca/books/edition/Transplant/K2XtU-b3UBwC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Uremia+first+described+hippocrates&pg=PA46|url-status=live}}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Uremia|Amafoto ajyanye na Uremie]] kuri Wikimedia Commons [[Ikiciro:Indwara]] [[Ikiciro:Ubuzima]] lnbcrbfms4wd2eijp4p5k2b5jigq6gn 0 23978 148897 148843 2026-11-04T12:05:06Z Score Beethoven 11559 148897 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition | name = Gutakaza umusatsi | image = Alopecia.jpg | caption = Ahantu hadafite umusatsi ku mutwe w'umugabo | synonyms = Alopecia, uruhara | field = Ubuvuzi bw'uruhu | causes = Imiterere y'umubiri, imisemburo, ubudahangarwa, ihungabana | treatment = Minoxidil, finasteride, kubaga umusatsi | frequency = Hafi kimwe cya kabiri cy'abagabo ku myaka 50 }} '''Gutakaza umusatsi''', bizwi kandi nka '''alopecia''' cyangwa '''uruhara''', bivuga gutakaza umusatsi mu gice cy'umutwe cyangwa ku mubiri. == Ibimenyetso == Gutakaza umusatsi, bizwi kandi nka alopecia cyangwa uruhara, bivuga gutakaza umusatsi mu gice cy'umutwe cyangwa ku mubiri.<ref name="NHS2013">{{Cite web|title=Hair loss|url=http://www.nhs.uk/conditions/Hair-loss/Pages/Introduction.aspx|website=NHS Choices|access-date=22 September 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927020342/http://www.nhs.uk/conditions/Hair-loss/Pages/Introduction.aspx|archive-date=27 September 2013}}</ref> Ubusanzwe nibura umutwe uba urimo.<ref name="Var2015">{{Cite journal|last=Vary JC|first=Jr|title=Selected Disorders of Skin Appendages--Acne, Alopecia, Hyperhidrosis.|journal=The Medical Clinics of North America|date=November 2015|volume=99|issue=6|pages=1195–211|pmid=26476248|doi=10.1016/j.mcna.2015.07.003}}</ref> Uburemere bw'umusatsi bushobora gutandukana bitewe n'agace gato kugeza ku mubiri wose.<ref name="DermNet2016">{{Cite web|url=http://dermnetnz.org/hair-nails-sweat/hair-loss.html|title=Hair loss|access-date=2016-08-03|website=DermNet|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160625012752/http://www.dermnetnz.org/hair-nails-sweat/hair-loss.html|archive-date=2016|url-status=live}}</ref> Ubusanzwe nta nkovu cyangwa ububyimba bibaho.<ref name="Var2015" /> Gutakaza umusatsi kuri bamwe bitera ihungabana ryo mu mutwe.<ref name="Nal2016">{{Cite journal|last=Nalluri|first=R|last2=Harries|first2=M|title=Alopecia in general medicine.|journal=Clinical Medicine|date=February 2016|volume=16|issue=1|pages=74–8|pmid=26833522|pmc=4954340|doi=10.7861/clinmedicine.16-1-74}}</ref> == Impamvu == Ubwoko busanzwe burimo gutakaza umusatsi w’abagabo, gutakaza umusatsi w’abagore, alopecia areata, no kugabanya umusatsi bizwi nka telogen effluvium.<ref name="Var2015" /> Impamvu yo gutakaza umusatsi mu buryo bw'abagabo ni uruvange rw'uturemangingo n'imisemburo y'abagabo ; impamvu yo gutakaza umusatsi mu buryo bw'abagore ntabwo isobanutse neza; impamvu yo gutakaza alopecia areata ni ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri ; kandi impamvu yo gutakaza umusatsi bwa telogen effluvium akenshi iba iterwa n'ihungabana ry'umubiri cyangwa iry'imitekerereze.<ref name="Var2015" /> Telogen effluvium ikunze kugaragara nyuma yo [[Imihango y'umugore utwite|gutwita]].<ref name="Var2015" /> Impamvu zidakunze kugaragara zo gutakaza umusatsi nta kubyimba cyangwa inkovu zirimo gukurura umusatsi, imiti imwe n'imwe irimo imiti ya chimiotherapie, [[VIH/SIDA]], hypothyroidism, hamwe [[Imirire mibi|n'imirire mibi]] harimo no kubura ubutare (''fer'').<ref name="Nal2016" /><ref name="Var2015" /> Impamvu zitera gutakaza umusatsi ziterwa n'inkovu cyangwa kubyimba zirimo kwandura ibihumyo, lupus erythematosus, ubuvuzi bushingiye ku mirasire, na sarcoidosis.<ref name="Nal2016" /><ref name="Var2015" /> Gusuzuma imisatsi itakaza igice kimwe gishingiye ku bice byafashwe.<ref name="Var2015" /> == Ubuvuzi == Kuvura ipfupfu ry'umusatsi bishobora kuba ari ukwemera gusa iyo ndwara.<ref name="Var2015" /> Uburyo bushobora kugeragezwa burimo imiti ya [[minoxidil]] (cyangwa [[finasteride]] ) no kubaga umusatsi.<ref name="Mc2012">{{Cite journal|last=McElwee|first=K. J.|last2=Shapiro|first2=J. S.|title=Promising therapies for treating and/or preventing androgenic alopecia|journal=Skin Therapy Letter|volume=17|issue=6|pages=1–4|year=2012|pmid=22735503|url=http://www.skintherapyletter.com/2012/17.6/1.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151212040921/http://www.skintherapyletter.com/2012/17.6/1.html|archive-date=2015-12-12}}</ref><ref name="Le2008">{{Cite journal|last=Leavitt|first=M.|title=Understanding and Management of Female Pattern Alopecia|journal=Facial Plastic Surgery|volume=24|issue=4|pages=414–427|year=2008|pmid=19034818|pmc=|doi=10.1055/s-0028-1102905}}</ref> Alopecia areata ishobora kuvurwa hakoreshejwe inshinge za steroid mu gace kagize ikibazo, ariko izi zigomba gusubirwamo kenshi kugira ngo zigire akamaro.<ref name="Var2015" /> Gutakaza umusatsi ni ikibazo gikunze kugaragara.<ref name="Var2015" /> Gutakaza umusatsi ku myaka 50 bireba hafi kimwe cya kabiri cy'abagabo na kimwe cya kane cy'abagore.<ref name="Var2015" /> Abantu bagera kuri 2% barwara alopecia areata mu gihe runaka.<ref name="Var2015" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Alopecia|Amafoto ajyanye na Gutakaza umusatsi]] kuri Wikimedia Commons [[Ikiciro:Indwara]] [[Ikiciro:Ubuzima]] f5e3e2z62cwmfy1exkc7j4amsc5m5c4 0 23979 148896 148845 2026-11-04T12:05:03Z Score Beethoven 11559 148896 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition | name = Kugabanuka kw'imitsi yo mu mugongo | image = Distal spinal muscular atrophy type 1.webp | caption = Kugabanuka kw'imitsi yo mu mugongo | synonyms = SMA | field = Ubuvuzi bw'imitsi n'ubwonko | symptoms = Intege nke z'imitsi zigenda ziyongera | causes = Ikosa rya gene ''SMN1'' | diagnosis = Ibizamini bya genetiki | treatment = Ubuvuzi bufasha, nusinersen, onasemnogene abeparvovec | frequency = Umwana 1 ku 10.000 bavuka }} '''Kugabanuka kw'imitsi yo mu mugongo''' ( '''SMA''' ) ni itsinda ry'indwara z'imitsi zitera kubura kw'imitsi ikora neza no gutakaza imitsi buhoro buhoro. == Ibimenyetso == Kugabanuka kw'imitsi yo mu mugongo ( SMA ) ni itsinda ry'indwara z'imitsi zitera kubura kw'imitsi ikora neza no gutakaza imitsi buhoro buhoro.<ref name="NIH2019">{{Cite web|title=Spinal muscular atrophy|url=https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/7674/spinal-muscular-atrophy|website=Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD) – an NCATS Program|access-date=27 May 2019|archive-date=23 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170123232235/https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/7674/spinal-muscular-atrophy|url-status=live}}</ref> Uburemere bw'ibimenyetso n'imyaka byatangiye biratandukanye bitewe n'ubwoko bwabyo.<ref name="NIH2019" /> Hari ubwoko bw'indwara bugaragara mbere yo kuvuka cyangwa mbere yo kuvuka mu gihe ubundi butagaragara kugeza igihe umuntu akuze.<ref name="NIH2019" /> Muri rusange byose bitera intege nke z'imitsi zigenda ziyongera bitewe no kunanuka kw'imitsi.<ref name="NIH2019" /><ref name="NINDS2019">{{Cite web|title=Spinal Muscular Atrophy Fact Sheet {{!}} National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke|url=https://www.ninds.nih.gov/Disorders/Patient-Caregiver-Education/Fact-Sheets/Spinal-Muscular-Atrophy-Fact-Sheet|website=NINDS|access-date=27 May 2019|archive-date=27 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190527053433/https://www.ninds.nih.gov/Disorders/Patient-Caregiver-Education/Fact-Sheets/Spinal-Muscular-Atrophy-Fact-Sheet|url-status=live}}</ref> Imitsi yo mu kuboko, ku maguru no mu myanya y'ubuhumekero muri rusange ni yo ibanza kugaragaraho ingaruka.<ref name="NINDS2019" /><ref name="GHR2019">{{Cite web|title=Spinal muscular atrophy|url=https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/spinal-muscular-atrophy|website=Genetics Home Reference|access-date=27 May 2019|language=en|archive-date=30 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190530110757/https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/spinal-muscular-atrophy|url-status=live}}</ref> Ibibazo bifitanye isano bishobora kuba birimo ibibazo byo kumira, [[Indwara ya Scoliose|scoliose]] no gufunga ingingo.<ref name="NORD2019">{{Cite web|title=Spinal Muscular Atrophy|url=https://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/spinal-muscular-atrophy/|website=NORD (National Organization for Rare Disorders)|access-date=27 May 2019|archive-date=7 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307042712/https://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/spinal-muscular-atrophy/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="GHR2019" /> SMA ni yo mpamvu ikomeye mu ndwara zitera urupfu mu bana bato.<ref name="FDA2019">{{Cite web|title=FDA approves innovative gene therapy to treat pediatric patients with spinal muscular atrophy, a rare disease and leading genetic cause of infant mortality|url=https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-approves-innovative-gene-therapy-treat-pediatric-patients-spinal-muscular-atrophy-rare-disease|website=FDA|access-date=27 May 2019|language=en|date=24 May 2019|archive-date=1 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190901145211/https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-approves-innovative-gene-therapy-treat-pediatric-patients-spinal-muscular-atrophy-rare-disease|url-status=live}}</ref> == Impamvu n'isuzuma == Kugabanuka kw'imitsi yo mu mugongo biterwa n'ikosa rya gene rya ''SMN1''.<ref name="NIH2019" /><ref name="NORD2019" /> Muri rusange baragwa n'ababyeyi b'umuntu mu buryo bwa ''autosomal recessive''.<ref name="NIH2019" /> Mu 2% by'ibibazo, imwe mu mpinduka ibaho mu gihe cy'imikurire y'umwana ikiri nto kandi imwe iragwa n'umubyeyi we.<ref name="Pri2019">{{Cite web|last=Prior|first=Thomas W.|last2=Leach|first2=Meganne E.|last3=Finanger|first3=Erika|title=Spinal Muscular Atrophy|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1352/|website=GeneReviews®|publisher=University of Washington, Seattle|access-date=6 October 2020|date=1993|archive-date=27 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201127013007/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1352/|url-status=live}}</ref> Ingirabuzimafatizo ya ''SMN1'' ikora SMN, poroteyine ikenewe kugira ngo uturemangingo tw’umubiri tubashe kubaho.<ref name="GHR2019" /> Kubura izi neuron bibuza kohereza ibimenyetso hagati [[Ubwonko|y'ubwonko]] n'imitsi y'umubiri.<ref name="GHR2019" /> Isuzuma ry’indwara rikekwa hashingiwe ku bimenyetso kandi ryemezwa n’ibizamini bya genetiki.<ref name="NIH2019" /> == Ubuvuzi == Ubuvuzi burimo ubuvuzi bufasha nko kuvura umubiri, gutera inkunga imirire, no guhumeka hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga.<ref name="NIH2019" /> Umuti wa nusinersen, uterwa mu ruti rw'umugongo, ugabanya ikwirakwira ry'indwara kandi ukanoza imikorere y'imitsi.<ref name="NIH2019" /><ref name="NINDS2019" /> Mu 2019, uburyo bwo kuvura ingirabuzimafatizo bwa onasemnogene abeparvovec bwemejwe muri Amerika nk'uburyo bwo kuvura abana bari munsi y'amezi 24.<ref name="FDA2019" /> Ibisubizo biratandukanye bitewe n'ubwoko bw'indwara, uhereye ku gihe umuntu azakomeza kubaho cy'amezi make kugeza ku kunanirwa gukomeye kw'imitsi hamwe n'igihe umuntu azakomeza kubaho.<ref name="GHR2019" /> Iyi ndwara ifata umuntu umwe ku bantu 10.000 igihe avutse.<ref name="NORD2019" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Spinal muscular atrophy|Amafoto ajyanye na Kugabanuka kw'imitsi yo mu mugongo]] kuri Wikimedia Commons [[Ikiciro:Indwara]] [[Ikiciro:Ubuzima]] e4t701djtohpk5k15n31562zelhgrsv 0 23980 148895 148847 2026-11-04T12:05:01Z Score Beethoven 11559 148895 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition | name = Indwara y'uruhu | image = Dandruff01.jpg | caption = Uduce tw'uruhu rw'umutwe tubonwa na mikorosikopi | synonyms = Dandruff, pityriasis capitis | field = Ubuvuzi bw'uruhu | symptoms = Gushyuha no gushishuka kw'uruhu rw'umutwe | causes = Imiterere y'umubiri n'ibidukikije | treatment = Amavuta arwanya ibihumyo, aside salicylic | frequency = Hafi kimwe cya kabiri cy'abantu bakuru }} '''Indwara y'uruhu''' (''dandruff'') ifata cyane cyane uruhu rw'umutwe. == Ibimenyetso == [[Dosiye:Excessive dandruff.jpg|thumb|left|Indwara y'uruhu]] Indwara y'uruhu (''dandruff'') ifata cyane cyane uruhu rw'umutwe.<ref name="Stat2019">{{Cite journal|last=Tucker|first=D|last2=Masood|first2=S|title=Seborrheic Dermatitis|date=January 2019|pmid=31869171|journal=StatPearls}}</ref> Ibimenyetso birimo gushyuha no gushya buhoro buhoro.<ref name="Stat2019" /><ref name="NHS2019">{{Cite web|title=Dandruff|url=https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/dandruff/|website=nhs.uk|access-date=1 January 2020|language=en|date=18 October 2017|archive-date=1 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200101112002/https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/dandruff/|url-status=live}}</ref> Bishobora gutera ibibazo mu mibanire cyangwa mu kwiha agaciro.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=A Practical Guide to Scalp Disorders|journal=Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings|date=December 2007|volume=12|issue=2|doi=10.1038/sj.jidsymp.5650048|pages=10–14|pmid=18004290|last=Grimalt|first=R.}}</ref> Ubwoko bubi cyane bw'iyi ndwara, burimo kubyimba k'uruhu, buzwi nka seborrhoeic dermatitis.<ref name="Stat2019" /> == Impamvu n'isuzuma == Impamvu ntirasobanuka neza, ariko bikekwa ko iterwa n’ibintu byinshi bigize imiterere y’umubiri n’ibidukikije.<ref name="Stat2019" /> Iyi ndwara ishobora kwiyongera mu gihe cy'itumba.<ref name="Rang2010" /> Ntabwo biterwa n'isuku nke.<ref name="AAD2017">{{Cite web|title=Dandruff: How to treat|url=https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/hair-and-scalp-problems/dandruff-how-to-treat|website=American Academy of Dermatology|access-date=20 October 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171021061028/https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/hair-and-scalp-problems/dandruff-how-to-treat|archive-date=21 October 2017}}</ref> Uburyo bw'ibanze bukubiyemo gukura cyane kw'uturemangingo tw'uruhu.<ref name="Rang2010">{{Cite journal|last=Ranganathan|first=S|last2=Mukhopadhyay|first2=T|title=Dandruff: the most commercially exploited skin disease.|journal=Indian Journal of Dermatology|date=2010|volume=55|issue=2|pages=130–4|doi=10.4103/0019-5154.62734|pmid=20606879|pmc=2887514}}</ref> Gusuzuma indwara bishingiye ku bimenyetso.<ref name="Up2019">{{Cite web|title=Patient education: Seborrheic dermatitis (including dandruff and cradle cap) (Beyond the Basics)|url=https://www.uptodate.com/contents/seborrheic-dermatitis-including-dandruff-and-cradle-cap-beyond-the-basics|website=www.uptodate.com|access-date=1 January 2020|archive-date=1 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200101112000/https://www.uptodate.com/contents/seborrheic-dermatitis-including-dandruff-and-cradle-cap-beyond-the-basics|url-status=live}}</ref> == Ubuvuzi == Nta muti uzwi ukiza burundu iyi ndwara.<ref name="Turk2007">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GKVPHoIs8uIC&lpg=PA100&dq=dandruff%20no%20cure&pg=PA100|title=The Encyclopedia of Skin and Skin Disorders|edition=Third|publisher=Facts On File, Inc.|last=Turkington, Carol|last2=Dover, Jeffrey S.|year=2007|page=100|isbn=978-0-8160-6403-8|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160519134229/https://books.google.com/books?id=GKVPHoIs8uIC&lpg=PA100&dq=dandruff%20no%20cure&pg=PA100|archive-date=19 May 2016}}</ref> Amavuta arwanya ibihumyo, nka [[ketoconazole]], cyangwa aside salicylic ashobora gukoreshwa mu kugerageza kunoza iyo ndwara.<ref name="Stat2019" /><ref name="NHS2019" /> Indwara y'ibihumyo ifata hafi kimwe cya kabiri cy'abantu bakuru, aho abagabo bakunze kwibasirwa cyane kurusha abagore.<ref name="Stat2019" /> Abantu bo mu bice byose by'isi baragerwaho n'ingaruka.<ref name="Stat2019" /> Ubusanzwe itangira mu gihe cy'ubugimbi kandi igabanuka nyuma y'imyaka 50.<ref name="Stat2019" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Dandruff|Amafoto ajyanye na Indwara y'uruhu]] kuri Wikimedia Commons [[Ikiciro:Indwara]] [[Ikiciro:Ubuzima]] f7wy2yrdb4cwogn2kaalr4pxajxl42r 148903 148895 2026-11-04T12:19:05Z Score Beethoven 11559 Score Beethoven moved page [[Indwara y'uruhu]] to [[Dandruff]] 148895 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition | name = Indwara y'uruhu | image = Dandruff01.jpg | caption = Uduce tw'uruhu rw'umutwe tubonwa na mikorosikopi | synonyms = Dandruff, pityriasis capitis | field = Ubuvuzi bw'uruhu | symptoms = Gushyuha no gushishuka kw'uruhu rw'umutwe | causes = Imiterere y'umubiri n'ibidukikije | treatment = Amavuta arwanya ibihumyo, aside salicylic | frequency = Hafi kimwe cya kabiri cy'abantu bakuru }} '''Indwara y'uruhu''' (''dandruff'') ifata cyane cyane uruhu rw'umutwe. == Ibimenyetso == [[Dosiye:Excessive dandruff.jpg|thumb|left|Indwara y'uruhu]] Indwara y'uruhu (''dandruff'') ifata cyane cyane uruhu rw'umutwe.<ref name="Stat2019">{{Cite journal|last=Tucker|first=D|last2=Masood|first2=S|title=Seborrheic Dermatitis|date=January 2019|pmid=31869171|journal=StatPearls}}</ref> Ibimenyetso birimo gushyuha no gushya buhoro buhoro.<ref name="Stat2019" /><ref name="NHS2019">{{Cite web|title=Dandruff|url=https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/dandruff/|website=nhs.uk|access-date=1 January 2020|language=en|date=18 October 2017|archive-date=1 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200101112002/https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/dandruff/|url-status=live}}</ref> Bishobora gutera ibibazo mu mibanire cyangwa mu kwiha agaciro.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=A Practical Guide to Scalp Disorders|journal=Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings|date=December 2007|volume=12|issue=2|doi=10.1038/sj.jidsymp.5650048|pages=10–14|pmid=18004290|last=Grimalt|first=R.}}</ref> Ubwoko bubi cyane bw'iyi ndwara, burimo kubyimba k'uruhu, buzwi nka seborrhoeic dermatitis.<ref name="Stat2019" /> == Impamvu n'isuzuma == Impamvu ntirasobanuka neza, ariko bikekwa ko iterwa n’ibintu byinshi bigize imiterere y’umubiri n’ibidukikije.<ref name="Stat2019" /> Iyi ndwara ishobora kwiyongera mu gihe cy'itumba.<ref name="Rang2010" /> Ntabwo biterwa n'isuku nke.<ref name="AAD2017">{{Cite web|title=Dandruff: How to treat|url=https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/hair-and-scalp-problems/dandruff-how-to-treat|website=American Academy of Dermatology|access-date=20 October 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171021061028/https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/hair-and-scalp-problems/dandruff-how-to-treat|archive-date=21 October 2017}}</ref> Uburyo bw'ibanze bukubiyemo gukura cyane kw'uturemangingo tw'uruhu.<ref name="Rang2010">{{Cite journal|last=Ranganathan|first=S|last2=Mukhopadhyay|first2=T|title=Dandruff: the most commercially exploited skin disease.|journal=Indian Journal of Dermatology|date=2010|volume=55|issue=2|pages=130–4|doi=10.4103/0019-5154.62734|pmid=20606879|pmc=2887514}}</ref> Gusuzuma indwara bishingiye ku bimenyetso.<ref name="Up2019">{{Cite web|title=Patient education: Seborrheic dermatitis (including dandruff and cradle cap) (Beyond the Basics)|url=https://www.uptodate.com/contents/seborrheic-dermatitis-including-dandruff-and-cradle-cap-beyond-the-basics|website=www.uptodate.com|access-date=1 January 2020|archive-date=1 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200101112000/https://www.uptodate.com/contents/seborrheic-dermatitis-including-dandruff-and-cradle-cap-beyond-the-basics|url-status=live}}</ref> == Ubuvuzi == Nta muti uzwi ukiza burundu iyi ndwara.<ref name="Turk2007">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GKVPHoIs8uIC&lpg=PA100&dq=dandruff%20no%20cure&pg=PA100|title=The Encyclopedia of Skin and Skin Disorders|edition=Third|publisher=Facts On File, Inc.|last=Turkington, Carol|last2=Dover, Jeffrey S.|year=2007|page=100|isbn=978-0-8160-6403-8|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160519134229/https://books.google.com/books?id=GKVPHoIs8uIC&lpg=PA100&dq=dandruff%20no%20cure&pg=PA100|archive-date=19 May 2016}}</ref> Amavuta arwanya ibihumyo, nka [[ketoconazole]], cyangwa aside salicylic ashobora gukoreshwa mu kugerageza kunoza iyo ndwara.<ref name="Stat2019" /><ref name="NHS2019" /> Indwara y'ibihumyo ifata hafi kimwe cya kabiri cy'abantu bakuru, aho abagabo bakunze kwibasirwa cyane kurusha abagore.<ref name="Stat2019" /> Abantu bo mu bice byose by'isi baragerwaho n'ingaruka.<ref name="Stat2019" /> Ubusanzwe itangira mu gihe cy'ubugimbi kandi igabanuka nyuma y'imyaka 50.<ref name="Stat2019" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Dandruff|Amafoto ajyanye na Indwara y'uruhu]] kuri Wikimedia Commons [[Ikiciro:Indwara]] [[Ikiciro:Ubuzima]] f7wy2yrdb4cwogn2kaalr4pxajxl42r 148905 148903 2026-11-04T12:19:06Z Score Beethoven 11559 148905 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition | name = Dandruff | image = Dandruff01.jpg | caption = Uduce tw'uruhu rw'umutwe tubonwa na mikorosikopi | synonyms = Pityriasis capitis | field = Ubuvuzi bw'uruhu | symptoms = Gushyuha no gushishuka kw'uruhu rw'umutwe | causes = Imiterere y'umubiri n'ibidukikije | treatment = Amavuta arwanya ibihumyo, aside salicylic | frequency = Hafi kimwe cya kabiri cy'abantu bakuru }} '''Dandruff''' ni indwara y'uruhu ifata cyane cyane uruhu rw'umutwe. == Ibimenyetso == [[Dosiye:Excessive dandruff.jpg|thumb|left|Indwara y'uruhu]] Indwara y'uruhu (''dandruff'') ifata cyane cyane uruhu rw'umutwe.<ref name="Stat2019">{{Cite journal|last=Tucker|first=D|last2=Masood|first2=S|title=Seborrheic Dermatitis|date=January 2019|pmid=31869171|journal=StatPearls}}</ref> Ibimenyetso birimo gushyuha no gushya buhoro buhoro.<ref name="Stat2019" /><ref name="NHS2019">{{Cite web|title=Dandruff|url=https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/dandruff/|website=nhs.uk|access-date=1 January 2020|language=en|date=18 October 2017|archive-date=1 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200101112002/https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/dandruff/|url-status=live}}</ref> Bishobora gutera ibibazo mu mibanire cyangwa mu kwiha agaciro.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=A Practical Guide to Scalp Disorders|journal=Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings|date=December 2007|volume=12|issue=2|doi=10.1038/sj.jidsymp.5650048|pages=10–14|pmid=18004290|last=Grimalt|first=R.}}</ref> Ubwoko bubi cyane bw'iyi ndwara, burimo kubyimba k'uruhu, buzwi nka seborrhoeic dermatitis.<ref name="Stat2019" /> == Impamvu n'isuzuma == Impamvu ntirasobanuka neza, ariko bikekwa ko iterwa n’ibintu byinshi bigize imiterere y’umubiri n’ibidukikije.<ref name="Stat2019" /> Iyi ndwara ishobora kwiyongera mu gihe cy'itumba.<ref name="Rang2010" /> Ntabwo biterwa n'isuku nke.<ref name="AAD2017">{{Cite web|title=Dandruff: How to treat|url=https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/hair-and-scalp-problems/dandruff-how-to-treat|website=American Academy of Dermatology|access-date=20 October 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171021061028/https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/hair-and-scalp-problems/dandruff-how-to-treat|archive-date=21 October 2017}}</ref> Uburyo bw'ibanze bukubiyemo gukura cyane kw'uturemangingo tw'uruhu.<ref name="Rang2010">{{Cite journal|last=Ranganathan|first=S|last2=Mukhopadhyay|first2=T|title=Dandruff: the most commercially exploited skin disease.|journal=Indian Journal of Dermatology|date=2010|volume=55|issue=2|pages=130–4|doi=10.4103/0019-5154.62734|pmid=20606879|pmc=2887514}}</ref> Gusuzuma indwara bishingiye ku bimenyetso.<ref name="Up2019">{{Cite web|title=Patient education: Seborrheic dermatitis (including dandruff and cradle cap) (Beyond the Basics)|url=https://www.uptodate.com/contents/seborrheic-dermatitis-including-dandruff-and-cradle-cap-beyond-the-basics|website=www.uptodate.com|access-date=1 January 2020|archive-date=1 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200101112000/https://www.uptodate.com/contents/seborrheic-dermatitis-including-dandruff-and-cradle-cap-beyond-the-basics|url-status=live}}</ref> == Ubuvuzi == Nta muti uzwi ukiza burundu iyi ndwara.<ref name="Turk2007">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GKVPHoIs8uIC&lpg=PA100&dq=dandruff%20no%20cure&pg=PA100|title=The Encyclopedia of Skin and Skin Disorders|edition=Third|publisher=Facts On File, Inc.|last=Turkington, Carol|last2=Dover, Jeffrey S.|year=2007|page=100|isbn=978-0-8160-6403-8|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160519134229/https://books.google.com/books?id=GKVPHoIs8uIC&lpg=PA100&dq=dandruff%20no%20cure&pg=PA100|archive-date=19 May 2016}}</ref> Amavuta arwanya ibihumyo, nka [[ketoconazole]], cyangwa aside salicylic ashobora gukoreshwa mu kugerageza kunoza iyo ndwara.<ref name="Stat2019" /><ref name="NHS2019" /> Indwara y'ibihumyo ifata hafi kimwe cya kabiri cy'abantu bakuru, aho abagabo bakunze kwibasirwa cyane kurusha abagore.<ref name="Stat2019" /> Abantu bo mu bice byose by'isi baragerwaho n'ingaruka.<ref name="Stat2019" /> Ubusanzwe itangira mu gihe cy'ubugimbi kandi igabanuka nyuma y'imyaka 50.<ref name="Stat2019" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Dandruff|Amafoto ajyanye na Dandruff]] kuri Wikimedia Commons [[Ikiciro:Indwara]] [[Ikiciro:Ubuzima]] t4hsy8omdv6zm7yx7tx0gzsz0uvidyo 0 23982 148894 148851 2026-11-04T12:04:59Z Score Beethoven 11559 148894 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition | name = Hyponatremia | image = Na-TableImage.svg | caption = Sodiyumu (Na) | synonyms = Sodiyumu nke mu maraso | field = Ubuvuzi bw'impyiko | symptoms = Kuribwa umutwe, isesemi, urujijo, kugagara | complications = Osmotic demyelination syndrome | causes = Gucibwamo, kuruka, kunanirwa k'umutima, k'umwijima cyangwa kw'impyiko | treatment = Bishingiye ku mpamvu | frequency = Hafi 20% by'abarwayi bari mu bitaro }} '''Hyponatremia''' ni urugero ruto rwa sodiyumu mu maraso. == Ibimenyetso == Hyponatremia ni urugero ruto rwa sodiyumu mu maraso.<ref name="CMAJ2014">{{Cite journal|last=Lee|first=JJ|last2=Kilonzo|first2=K|last3=Nistico|first3=A|last4=Yeates|first4=K|title=Management of hyponatremia.|journal=CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association Journal|date=13 May 2014|volume=186|issue=8|pages=E281–86|pmid=24344146|doi=10.1503/cmaj.120887|pmc=4016091}}</ref> Muri rusange isobanurwa nk'igipimo cya sodiyumu kiri munsi ya 135 mmol/L (135 mEq/L ), aho hyponatremia ikomeye iri munsi ya 120 mEq/L.<ref name="Ann2015" /><ref>{{Cite book|first=Kanu|last=Chatterjee|first2=Mark|last2=Anderson|first3=Donald|last3=Heistad|first4=Richard E.|last4=Kerber|title=Manual of Heart Failure|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ka3TAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA142#v=onepage|page=142|publisher=JP Medical Ltd|year=2014|isbn=978-9350906309|via=Google Books|access-date=2020-06-02|archive-date=2020-08-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803160904/https://books.google.com/books?id=ka3TAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA142#v=onepage|url-status=live}}</ref> Ibimenyetso bishobora kuba bitagaragara, byoroheje cyangwa bikomeye.<ref name="Wil2016" /><ref name="Endo2010" /> Ibimenyetso byoroheje birimo kugabanuka k'ubushobozi bwo gutekereza, [[Umutwe|kuribwa umutwe]], isesemi, no kudahagarara neza.<ref name="Ann2015">{{Cite journal|last=Henry|first=DA|title=In The Clinic: Hyponatremia.|journal=Annals of Internal Medicine|date=4 August 2015|volume=163|issue=3|pages=ITC1–19|pmid=26237763|doi=10.7326/aitc201508040}}</ref> Ibimenyetso bikomeye birimo urujijo, kugagara, no guta ubwenge (''coma'').<ref name="Wil2016">{{Cite journal|last=Williams|first=DM|last2=Gallagher|first2=M|last3=Handley|first3=J|last4=Stephens|first4=JW|title=The clinical management of hyponatraemia.|journal=Postgraduate Medical Journal|date=July 2016|volume=92|issue=1089|pages=407–11|pmid=27044859|doi=10.1136/postgradmedj-2015-133740|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="Endo2010">{{Cite journal|last=Ball|first=S|last2=De Groot|first2=LJ|last3=Beck-Peccoz|first3=P|last4=Chrousos|first4=G|last5=Dungan|first5=K|last6=Grossman|first6=A|last7=Hershman|first7=JM|last8=Koch|first8=C|last9=McLachlan|first9=R|last10=New|first10=M|last11=Rebar|first11=R|last12=Singer|first12=F|last13=Vinik|first13=A|last14=Weickert|first14=MO|title=Hyponatremia|date=2000|pmid=25905359|id=Accessed 1 August 2016|journal=GUIDELINES}}</ref> Ingorane zishobora kuba zirimo indwara ya osmotic demyelination syndrome.<ref name="Stat2022">{{Cite journal|last=Rondon|first=H|last2=Badireddy|first2=M|title=Hyponatremia|date=January 2022|pmid=29262111|journal=StatPearls}}</ref> == Impamvu == Impamvu zikunze gushyirwa mu byiciro hakurikijwe uko amazi y'umubiri w'umuntu ameze mu buryo bugaragara, ubunini busanzwe, cyangwa ubunini bwinshi.<ref name="CMAJ2014" /> Kugabanuka k'umuvuduko w'amaraso mu mubiri bishobora guterwa no [[Impiswi|gucibwamo]], [[kuruka]], imiti igabanya ubukana bw'amaraso, no kubira ibyuya.<ref name="CMAJ2014" /> Hyponatremia isanzwe igabanyijemo ibice birimo inkari zivanze n'inkari nyinshi.<ref name="CMAJ2014" /> Mu bihe inkari zigabanuka harimo kunanirwa kwa glande surrénale (''adrenal insufficiency''), hypothyroidism, no kunywa amazi menshi cyangwa inzoga nyinshi.<ref name="CMAJ2014" /> Mu bihe inkari ziba zirimo indwara yo gusohora imisemburo idahwitse yo kurwanya diuretike (SIADH).<ref name="CMAJ2014" /> Kugabanuka k'umuvuduko mwinshi w'amaraso bishobora guterwa no [[kunanirwa k'umutima]], kunanirwa k'umwijima, no [[kunanirwa kw'impyiko]].<ref name="CMAJ2014" /> Ibintu bishobora gutuma umuntu apimwa sodiyumu nkeya mu buryo butari bwo birimo poroteyine nyinshi mu maraso nko muri myeloma nyinshi, ibinure byinshi mu maraso, n'isukari nyinshi mu maraso.<ref name="Fil2016">{{Cite journal|last=Filippatos|first=TD|last2=Liamis|first2=G|last3=Christopoulou|first3=F|last4=Elisaf|first4=MS|title=Ten common pitfalls in the evaluation of patients with hyponatremia.|journal=European Journal of Internal Medicine|date=April 2016|volume=29|pages=22–25|pmid=26706473|doi=10.1016/j.ejim.2015.11.022|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="Ros2013">{{Cite book|last=Marx|first=John|last2=Walls|first2=Ron|last3=Hockberger|first3=Robert|title=Rosen's Emergency Medicine – Concepts and Clinical Practice|date=2013|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=978-1455749874|pages=1639–42|edition=8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uggC0i%20jXAsC&pg=PA1642|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160815214853/https://books.google.ca/books?id=uggC0i%20jXAsC&pg=PA1642|archive-date=2016-08-15}}</ref> == Ubuvuzi == Ubuvuzi bushingiye ku mpamvu nyamukuru.<ref name="CMAJ2014" /> Gukosora hyponatremia vuba cyane bishobora gutera ingorane.<ref name="Fil2016" /> Gukosora byihuse igice cy’umunyu usanzwe wa 3% ni byiza gusa ku bafite ibimenyetso bikomeye ndetse rimwe na rimwe n’abarwaye indwara yihuse.<ref name="CMAJ2014" /><ref name="Ros2013" /> Hyponatremia y'umuvuduko muke ikunze kuvurwa na saline isanzwe yo mu mitsi.<ref name="CMAJ2014" /> Ubusanzwe SIADH ivurwa hakosowe impamvu nyamukuru no kugabanya amazi mu gihe hyponatremia nyinshi ivurwa hagabanywa amazi muke ndetse n'indyo irimo umunyu muke.<ref name="CMAJ2014" /> Muri rusange, gukosora bigomba gukorwa buhoro buhoro ku bantu bamaze iminsi irenga ibiri bafite ikibazo cyo hasi.<ref name="CMAJ2014" /> == Ikwirakwira == Hyponatremia ni bwo bwoko bukunze kugaragara cyane bw'ihindagurika ry'ama-electrolyte.<ref name="Din2017">{{Cite journal|last=Dineen|first=R|last2=Thompson|first2=CJ|last3=Sherlock|first3=M|title=Hyponatraemia – presentations and management.|journal=Clinical Medicine|date=June 2017|volume=17|issue=3|pages=263–69|doi=10.7861/clinmedicine.17-3-263|pmid=28572229|pmc=6297575}}</ref> Bibaho hafi 20% by'abantu bajyanywe mu bitaro na 10% by'abantu mu gihe cy'imikino yo kwihangana cyangwa nyuma yayo.<ref name="Ann2015" /><ref name="Fil2016" /> Mu bari mu bitaro, hyponatremia ifitanye isano no kwiyongera k'ibyago byo gupfa.<ref name="Fil2016" /> Ikiguzi cy’ubukungu cya hyponatremia kibarwa kuri miliyari 2.6 z’amadolari muri [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Simon|first=Eric E.|title=Hyponatremia: Evaluation and Treatment|date=2014|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=978-1461466451|page=205|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Sd69BAAAQBAJ&pg=PA205|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160815225038/https://books.google.ca/books?id=Sd69BAAAQBAJ&pg=PA205|archive-date=2016-08-15}}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Hyponatraemia|Amafoto ajyanye na Hyponatremia]] kuri Wikimedia Commons [[Ikiciro:Indwara]] [[Ikiciro:Ubuzima]] j8pfk6tju1b2w2pip2qftaxnp7k2c6q 0 23983 148893 148853 2026-11-04T12:04:56Z Score Beethoven 11559 148893 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition | name = Pityriasis rosea | image = Pityriasisrosa.png | caption = Pityriasis rosea mu mugongo | field = Ubuvuzi bw'uruhu | symptoms = Agace gatukura (''herald patch''), hanyuma uduheri twinshi | duration = Munsi y'amezi 3 | causes = Bikekwa ko ari virusi HHV6 cyangwa HHV7 | diagnosis = Hashingiwe ku bimenyetso | treatment = Akenshi nta muti ukenewe | frequency = 1,3% by'abantu }} '''Pityriasis rosea''' ni ubwoko bw'uduheri ku ruhu. == Ibimenyetso == [[Dosiye:Pityriasis rosea 2.jpg|thumb|left|Pityriasis rosea]] Pityriasis rosea ni ubwoko bw'uduheri ku ruhu.<ref name="Andrew2020.11">{{Cite book|last=James|first=William D.|last2=Elston|first2=Dirk|last3=Treat|first3=James R.|last4=Rosenbach|first4=Misha A.|last5=Neuhaus|first5=Isaac|title=Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology|date=2020|publisher=Elsevier|location=Edinburgh|isbn=978-0-323-54753-6|pages=205-206|edition=13th|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UEaEDwAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA205&dq=Pityriasis+rosea&hl=en|language=en|chapter=11. Pityriasis rosea, pityriasis rubra pilares, and other papulosquamous and hyperkeratotic diseases|access-date=2021-11-03|archive-date=2021-11-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211103165752/https://books.google.com/books?id=UEaEDwAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA205&dq=Pityriasis+rosea&hl=en|url-status=live}}</ref> Mu buryo bwa kera, itangirana n'agace kamwe gatukura kandi gafite ibibyimba bito kazwi nka "herald patch".<ref name="Morris2019">{{Cite book|last=Morris-Jones|first=Rachael|editor-last=Morris-Jones|editor-first=Rachael|title=ABC of Dermatology|date=2019|publisher=Wiley Blackwell|location=Hoboken|isbn=978-1-119-48899-6|pages=116-117|edition=7th|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Lm2fDwAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&dq=&hl=en|language=en|chapter=14. Viral infections|access-date=2022-06-09|archive-date=2022-05-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220516161949/https://books.google.com/books?id=Lm2fDwAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&dq=&hl=en|url-status=live}}</ref> Ibi bikurikirwa, nyuma y'iminsi runaka, n'utudomo twinshi duto tw'ibishishwa; umutuku ufite impande zitukura ku ruhu rwerurutse n'umukara ku ruhu rwijimye.<ref name="Li2021">{{Cite book|last=Onalaja|first=Amanda A.|last2=Taylor|first2=Susan C.|editor-last=Li|editor-first=Becky S.|editor-last2=Maibach|editor-first2=Howard I.|title=Ethnic Skin and Hair and Other Cultural Considerations|date=2021|publisher=Springer|location=Switzerland|isbn=978-3-030-64829-9|language=en|chapter=1. Defining skin color|page=10}}</ref> Ubusanzwe imara igihe kitarenze amezi atatu kandi ishira nta muti.<ref name="BMJ2015">{{Cite journal|last=Eisman|first=S|last2=Sinclair|first2=R|title=Pityriasis rosea.|journal=BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.)|date=29 October 2015|volume=351|pages=h5233|pmid=26514823|doi=10.1136/bmj.h5233}}</ref> Hari igihe umuriro ushobora kugaragara mbere yuko hatangira gushya cyangwa gushyuha, ariko akenshi hari ibindi bimenyetso bike.<ref name="BMJ2015" /> == Impamvu n'isuzuma == Nubwo impamvu idasobanutse neza, bikekwa ko ifitanye isano na virusi ya herpes 6 y’abantu (HHV6) cyangwa virusi ya herpes 7 y’abantu (HHV7).<ref name="Morris2019" /> Bisa nkaho bitandura.<ref name="BMJ2015" /> Gusuzuma indwara bishingiye ku bimenyetso. Ishobora gusa na Tinea corporis, uduheri twa virusi, pityriasis versicolor, nummular eczema, seborrheic dermatitis, psoriasis na [[Mburugu|syphilis ya kabiri]].<ref name="BMJ2015" /><ref name="Andrew2020.11" /> Imiti imwe n'imwe ishobora no gutera uduheri nk'utwo.<ref name="BMJ2015" /> == Ubuvuzi == Ibimenyetso by'ubuvuzi bwihariye ni bike.<ref name="BMJ2015" /><ref name="Morris2019" /> Iyo bikubise cyangwa bibyimbye, amavuta ya steroid cyangwa amavuta yo kwisiga ashobora gusigwa.<ref name="Morris2019" /> Steroids zitangwa mu kanwa cyangwa aciclovir zishobora kwitabwaho mu gihe bikomeye.<ref name="Morris2019" /> Abantu bagera kuri 1.3% bagerwaho n’ingaruka mu gihe runaka.<ref name="BMJ2015" /> Akenshi ikunze kugaragara ku bantu bari hagati y'imyaka 10 na 40.<ref name="Andrew2020.11" /><ref name="Weedon2017.5">{{Cite book|last=Johnstone|first=Ronald B.|title=Weedon's Skin Pathology Essentials|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NTE%20DAAAQBAJ|year=2017|publisher=Elsevier|isbn=978-0-7020-6830-0|edition=2nd|pages=73|chapter=5. Spongiotic reaction pattern: Pityriasis rosea|access-date=2021-11-03|archive-date=2021-05-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210525215313/https://books.google.com/books?id=NTE%20DAAAQBAJ|url-status=live}}</ref> Hashobora kubaho abantu benshi mu mpeshyi no mu gihe cy'umuhindo.<ref name="Morris2019" /> Iyo ndwara yasobanuwe nibura mu 1798. == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Pityriasis rosea|Amafoto ajyanye na Pityriasis rosea]] kuri Wikimedia Commons [[Ikiciro:Indwara]] [[Ikiciro:Ubuzima]] bne1s96buc6deqt5eua0l5e875q39yk 0 23985 148892 148863 2026-11-04T12:04:54Z Score Beethoven 11559 148892 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition | name = Indwara y'ububabare bw'akarere iteye ubwoba | image = Complex regional pain syndrome.jpg | caption = Ukuguru kw'umuntu urwaye CRPS (ibumoso) | synonyms = CRPS | field = Ubuvuzi bw'imitsi n'ubwonko | symptoms = Ububabare bukabije, kubyimba, impinduka z'uruhu | causes = Akenshi nyuma y'imvune, nko kuvunika kw'igufwa | treatment = Physiotherapy, imiti igabanya ububabare | frequency = Abantu 6 ku 100.000 buri mwaka }} '''Indwara y’ububabare bw’akarere iteye ubwoba''' ( CRPS ) ni indwara irangwa n’ububabare bukabije n’uburibwe burambye nyuma y’igikomere. == Ibimenyetso == [[Dosiye:Voet van fiene verstraete crps linkerbeen.jpg|thumb|left|Indwara y'ububabare bw'akarere iteye ubwoba]] Indwara y’ububabare bw’akarere iteye ubwoba ( CRPS ) ni indwara irangwa n’ububabare bukabije n’uburibwe burambye nyuma y’igikomere.<ref name="NINDS2021">{{Cite web|title=Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Fact Sheet {{!}} National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke|url=https://www.ninds.nih.gov/Disorders/Patient-Caregiver-Education/Fact-Sheets/Complex-Regional-Pain-Syndrome-Fact-Sheet|website=www.ninds.nih.gov|access-date=9 March 2021|archive-date=1 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301015151/https://www.ninds.nih.gov/Disorders/Patient-Caregiver-Education/Fact-Sheets/Complex-Regional-Pain-Syndrome-Fact-Sheet|url-status=live}}</ref> Ibindi bimenyetso bikunze kugaragara birimo kubyimba, impinduka z'uruhu, kugenda gake, ndetse n'impinduka z'ubushyuhe mu gace kafashwe n'indwara.<ref name="Stat2021">{{Cite journal|last=Guthmiller|first=KB|last2=Varacallo|first2=M|title=Complex Regional Pain Syndrome|date=January 2021|pmid=28613470|journal=StatPearls}}</ref> Akenshi bitangirira ku gice cy'umubiri nubwo bishobora gukwirakwira no mu tundi duce.<ref name="Stat2021" /> == Impamvu n'isuzuma == Ntibisobanutse neza impamvu CRPS ibaho.<ref name="NINDS2021" /> Imbarutso akenshi iba ari ubwoko bw'imvune ku ngingo, akenshi ikaba ari ukuvunika kw'igufwa.<ref name="Stat2021" /> Ibintu bishobora gutera ingorane birimo stress yo mu mutwe.<ref name="Stat2021" /> Uburyo bw'ibanze bukubiyemo uburyo budasanzwe bwo kohereza amakuru mu buryo bw'imitsi, kudakora neza kw'imitsi, no kumva neza mu buryo bw'umubiri.<ref name="Stat2021" /> Ni ubwoko bw'ububabare bw'imitsi bufite ubwoko bubiri.<ref name="Stat2021" /> Gusuzuma indwara bishingiye ku bimenyetso nyuma yo gukuraho izindi mpamvu zishobora kuyitera.<ref name="Stat2021" /> == Ubuvuzi == Ibimenyetso by'ubuvuzi bwihariye muri rusange ni bibi.<ref name="Oc2013" /> Ingamba zitandukanye zishobora kuba zirimo physiotherapy, ubuvuzi bw'imyitwarire mu bwenge, steroid, [[gabapentin]], duloxetine, lidocaine patches, opioids, [[ketamine]], bisphosphonates, na nerves blocks.<ref name="Stat2021" /><ref name="Oc2013" /> Ibice bigize physiotherapy bishobora kuba birimo amashusho y’imitsi n’ubuvuzi bw’indorerwamo.<ref name="Oc2013">{{Cite journal|last=O'Connell|first=NE|last2=Wand|first2=BM|last3=McAuley|first3=J|last4=Marston|first4=L|last5=Moseley|first5=GL|title=Interventions for treating pain and disability in adults with complex regional pain syndrome.|journal=The Cochrane database of systematic reviews|date=30 April 2013|issue=4|pages=CD009416|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD009416.pub2|pmid=23633371}}</ref> Ibisubizo birahinduka.<ref name="NINDS2021" /> == Ikwirakwira n'amateka == CRPS iherutse kwibasira abantu bagera kuri 6 ku bantu 100.000 buri mwaka.<ref name="Stat2021" /> Abagore bakunze kwibasirwa n’iyi ndwara inshuro eshatu kurusha abagabo.<ref name="Stat2021" /> Akenshi itangira ifata imyaka iri hafi 40.<ref name="NINDS2021" /> Iyi ndwara yasobanuwe bwa mbere mu 1864 na Silas Weir Mitchell.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Buschbacher|first=Ralph M.|title=Practical Guide to Musculoskeletal Disorders: Diagnosis and Rehabilitation|date=2002|publisher=Butterworth-Heinemann|isbn=978-0-7506-7357-0|page=269|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=kz6yBxqeG7oC&pg=PA269|language=en|access-date=2021-03-09|archive-date=2021-08-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210828044832/https://books.google.ca/books?id=kz6yBxqeG7oC&pg=PA269|url-status=live}}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Complex regional pain syndrome|Amafoto ajyanye na Indwara y'ububabare bw'akarere iteye ubwoba]] kuri Wikimedia Commons [[Ikiciro:Indwara]] [[Ikiciro:Ubuzima]] lm4m70ntzd5lx87q3dam1row5kb37rn 0 23996 148904 2026-11-04T12:19:05Z Score Beethoven 11559 Score Beethoven moved page [[Indwara y'uruhu]] to [[Dandruff]] 148904 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Dandruff]] gb6fqyv094y3gs2klioqg6id8j2hwwo