Wikipedia rwwiki https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intangiriro MediaWiki 1.48.0-wmf.3 first-letter Itangazamakuru Ibidasanzwe Ibiganiro Umukoresha Ibiganiro by'umukoresha Wikipedia Ibiganiro kuri Wikipedia Dosiye Ibiganiro kuri dosiye MediyaWiki Ibiganiro kuri MediyaWiki Inyandikorugero Ibiganiro ku nyandikorugero Ubufasha Ibiganiro ku bufasha Ikiciro Ibiganiro ku byiciro TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 2151 149037 144379 2026-11-06T11:39:42Z Baraka official 17008 IHUZA 149037 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994''' ni Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994 mu gihugu cy'u [[Rwanda]]. Yatangiye byeruye ku wa 7 Mata 1994, ariko mbere yaho yatangiye kugeragezwa no gushyirwa mu bikorwa guhera muri 1959 kuko yateguwe igihe kinini, habaho ikorerwa n'igerageza mu bice bitandukanye by'u Rwanda aho Abatutsi batwikirwaga ndetse bakameneshwa<ref name="minubumwe25">[https://www.minubumwe.gov.rw/news-detail/kwibuka28-tariki-ya-25-mata-1994-uko-jenoside-yakorewe-abatutsi-yakozwe-mu-rwanda « Kwibuka28: Tariki ya 25 Mata 1994, uko Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yakozwe mu Rwanda »], ''Minubumwe'', yarebwe ku wa 11 Nzeri 2026.</ref>. == Itegurwa rya Jenoside == Bimwe mu byagaragaje itegurwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994 twavuga harimo: # Iyicwa ry'Abatutsi mu bice bitandukanye by'igihugu bavuga ko ari ibyitso by'Inkotanyi, harimo iyicwa ry'Abatutsi b'Abagogwe mu 1991 muri Komini Mukingo na Nkuli nyuma y'uko Inkotanyi zifashe umujyi wa Ruhengeri, byakurikiwe n'iyicwa ry'Abatutsi mu Bugesera na Kibirira mu 1992. # Muri Mutarama 1992, nyuma y'uko uwari umukuru w'igihugu Juvénal Habyarimana ategetse ko hatoranywa abasore b'intarumikwa b'Abahutu bo mu ishyaka rya MRND bagahabwa imyitozo yo guhashya umwanzi, nibwo hashinzwe umutwe w'Interahamwe, wayoborwaga na Robert Kajuga ku rwego rw'igihugu. Icyo gihe uwo mutwe wahawe intwaro zirenga 300 na gerenade<ref name="igihe-habyarimana">[https://igihe.com/amakuru/mu-mateka/article/uruhare-rwa-perezida-habyarimana-mu-itegurwa-n-ishyirwa-mu-bikorwa-rya-jenoside « Uruhare rwa Perezida Habyarimana mu itegurwa n'ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside »], ''IGIHE''.</ref>. # Ishyirwaho rya radiyo n'ibinyamakuru bihembera imvugo zibiba urwango ku Batutsi, ibinyamakuru nka ''Kangura'', ''Kamarampaka'', ''La Médaille Nyiramacibiri'', ''Umurwanashyaka'', ndetse na Radio RTLM (Radio Television Libre de Mille Collines) yatangiye gukora muri Nyakanga 1993. Iyi yakanguriraga Abahutu kwica Abatutsi ibabwira ko gutsemba Abatutsi ari ukwikiza umwanzi wateye igihugu, ushaka kubarimbura. Amazina nk'inyenzi, Abashyondori, Abatunnyetsi, Inzoka, n'andi mazina mabi yakoreshwaga n'ibi binyamakuru mu kwambura Abatutsi ubumuntu. Ibi byose biri mu byakwirakwije urwango n'ubukangurambaga bwa Jenoside. # Muri Mutarama 1993, ubwo hari hamaze gusinywa igice cy'amasezerano y'Arusha muri Tanzaniya, kirebana n'igabana ry'ubutegetsi hagati ya Leta ya Juvénal Habyarimana n'Ishyaka rya FPR Inkotanyi, Théoneste Bagosora wari muri iyo nama, ariko atemera ibyayivuyemo, yasohotse arakaye avuga aya magambo « Ndatashye ariko ngiye gutegura imperuka », yakoresheje ijambo ry'[[igifaransa]] ''Apocalypse''. # Imenyekanishwa ry'itegurwa rya Jenoside mu Muryango w'Abibumbye. Tariki 11 Mutarama 1994, umwe mu bayobozi bakomeye b'Interahamwe mu mujyi wa Kigali witwaga Turatsinze Abubakar alias Jean-Pierre, yabwiye mu ibanga Roméo Dallaire wayoboraga ingabo za Loni mu Rwanda ko Interahamwe zamaze kwitegura kwica Abatutsi bagera ku bihumbi makumyabiri (20.000), ko zifite intwaro zirunze i Gikondo kwa Kabuga, ko lisiti z'Abatutsi zamaze gukorwa, kandi ko kuva MINUAR yagera mu Rwanda, Interahamwe zatojwe zigera ku 1.700 ziyongera ku zindi nyinshi zari zisanzwe zarahawe imyitozo<ref name="dallaire">[https://casebook.icrc.org/case-study/case-study-armed-conflicts-great-lakes-region-1994-2005 « Case Study, Armed Conflicts in the Great Lakes Region (1994–2005) »], ''International Committee of the Red Cross'', igice kivuga kuri « The 11 January Cable ».</ref>. # Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994 yateguwe hagamijwe gutsemba ubwoko bw'Abatutsi. Tariki 7 Mata 1994 nyuma y'ihanurwa ry'indege y'uwari umukuru w'igihugu Juvénal Habyarimana, Abatutsi mu gihugu hose batangiye kwicwa, benshi bagerageza guhungira mu bice bari bizeye ko bazaboneramo ubwihisho nko mu nsengero, mu mashuri no mu mavuriro ariko biba iby'ubusa kuko Interahamwe zahabasangaga zikahabicira. Mu minsi ijana gusa (100) Abatutsi barenga miliyoni barishwe mu bice byose by'igihugu, kugeza aho Ingabo zahoze ari iza RPA Inkotanyi zifashe igihugu cyose zihagarika Jenoside ku mabwiriza y'umugaba mukuru w'ingabo Paul Kagame<ref name="kigalitoday">Emmanuel Gasana Sebasaza, [https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/ni-ibiki-byabaye-tariki-ya-04-nyakanga-1994-ubwo-u-rwanda-rwabohorwaga « Ni ibiki byabaye tariki ya 04 Nyakanga 1994 ubwo u Rwanda rwabohorwaga? »], ''Kigali Today'', 4 Nyakanga 2024, yarebwe ku wa 11 Nzeri 2026.</ref>. <gallery mode="packed" heights="180"> Dosiye:Nyamata Memorial Site 13.jpg|Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyamata. Dosiye:Secretary Kerry Pauses for a Moment of Silence at a Series of Mass Graves at Gisozi Memorial Center (30326384025).jpg|John Kerry yunamira abashyinguye mu mva rusange ku Rwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Gisozi. Dosiye:Genocide Memorial site of Gisozi Kigali Genocide Memorial 022.jpg|Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Gisozi. </gallery> == Ibice bimwe byabereyemo Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994 == === Iyicwa ry'Abatutsi muri College Saint-André i Nyamirambo === Mu Murenge wa [[Nyamirambo]] mu kigo cy'ishuri rya St André no muri [[Kiliziya Gatolika|Kiliziya]] yitiriwe Mutagatifu Karoli Lwanga hiciwe Abatutsi benshi bari bahahungiye baturuka mu bice bya Butamwa, Nyamirambo (Kivugiza, Mumena), Nyakabanda, Rwezamenyo, Kabusunzu, Nyarugenge (Biryogo). Aba Batutsi bari bahungiye mu Kiliziya abandi bajya mu kigo cy'amashuri cyitiriwe Mutagatifu Andereya (St André), abandi bajya mu kigo cy'abafurere cya St Joseph kiri i Nyamirambo. Muri Kiliziya ya Karoli Lwanga hiciwe Abatutsi, muri St André nubwo na bo bari bake ugereranyije n'abiciwe mu kigo cya St Joseph kuko abari aho hose bavuzwe haruguru bumvaga amakuru y'uko St Joseph hari benshi kandi abihayimana babafashe neza nta wabakoraho bose bagahita bagerageza kuba ari ho bajya ariko biba iby'ubusa. [[Dosiye:Wiki Indaba 2022 Viste des Wikimédiens au mémorial du génocide de Kigali au Rwanda 14.jpg|thumb|Abawikimediya basuye Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kigali.]] === Iyicwa ry'Abatutsi i Kanyinya, Komini Nyarugenge === Mu 1994 ku Murenge wa Kanyinya Abatutsi benshi baho bahahungiye baturukaga mu Murenge wa Jali. Uwari konseye Nzabamwita Joseph abasaba ko babwira n'abandi Batutsi bataricwa bakaza kugira ngo babarindire umutekano ariko mu byukuri byari ikinyoma. Ku wa 13 Mata 1994, Konseye Nzabamwita Joseph amaze kubona ko nta bandi Batutsi basigaye bihishe, yabwiye Abatutsi bari bahungiye aho ko agiye kubazanira abajandarume bakabashakira aho babacungira umutekano hizewe. Abajandarume baraje bajyana abo Batutsi ahitwa i Kana mu gakombe kari hagati y'imisozi. Babagejejeyo barahabasiga bababeshya ko bagiye kubashakira ibyo kurya. Bigeze ku mugoroba babazanira Interahamwe zirabatemagura ijoro ryose abasirikare bajya hejuru y'umusozi kureba ko hari abashaka gucika kugira ngo bahite babarasa. Bishe Abatutsi harokoka abana bagera muri bane (4) bari kumwe n'imirambo y'ababyeyi babo bahindutse amaraso bakagira ngo bapfuye. === Iyicwa ry'Abatutsi ku Kiliziya ya Gishaka, i Bumbogo na Kigali === Mu Murenge wa Bumbogo mu Kagari ka Nkuzuzu hari Abatutsi benshi bari bahatuye mbere ya Jenoside. Mu gitondo cyo ku wa 7 Mata 1994 Interahamwe zabyutse zivuza amafirimbi yo gutangira kubica bariyegeranya bishyira hamwe ku gasozi ka Nkuzuzu. Bakoresheje amabuye, amacumu n'imiheto. Izo Nterahamwe zabicaga zarimo Nyundo, Vianney, Rubanguza, Karangwa, Gashumba, Rwiyamirira Michel, Habarurema, Emile, Ruhamanya na Rwabuhihi. Barwanye na bo kuva ku wa 7 Mata 1994 nimugoroba, Interahamwe zibonye ko zigiye kuneshwa ku wa 12 Mata 1994 nimugoroba zihuruza abasirikare ba Juvénal Habyarimana, ku wa 13 Mata 1994 babarasira kubamara ari na yo tariki yabaye mbi cyane mu mateka yabo. Ababashije kuharokokera uwo munsi bahungiye kuri Paruwasi ya Gishaka, bagezeyo bahasanze umupadiri w'umuzungu witwaga Michel abasangisha abandi bari bahungiye mu kiliziya bari baturutse Rutunga, Rubungo, Nduba na Jurwe muri Ndera. Padiri Michel atangira kubashakira ibibatunga no kubasengera kuva mu ijoro ryo ku wa 13 Mata 1994. Bigeze ku wa 14 Mata 1994 Interahamwe zirabatera zarimo abapolisi ba Komine Gikomero bitwaga Nyarwaya Michel wari Burigadiye wa Komine Gikomero, Rubanguka Mathias wari umucungamutungo wa Komini Gikomero, Rusatsi wari umuganga ku Kigo Nderabuzima cya Gishaka n'Interahamwe yari ikomeye cyane yitwaga Sevara. Aba bose bakaba barafatanyaga na Burugumesitiri Rutaganira Telesifori wa Komini Gikomero n'abapolisi ba Komini Gikomero. [[Dosiye:Wiki Indaba 2022 Viste des Wikimédiens au mémorial du génocide de Kigali au Rwanda 27.jpg|thumb|Urwibutso rwa Gisozi.]] === Iyicwa ry'Abatutsi kuri Paruwasi Gatolika ya Musha, Kigali === Ku wa 12–13 Mata 1994 Paruwasi ya Kiliziya Gatolika ya Musha hiciweho Abatutsi basaga 8.000 ubwo uwari Burugumesitiri wa Komini Gikoro Bisengimana Paul, Mukemba wari Umushoferi wa Komini na Makombe wari umukangurambaga w'urubyiruko bari ku isonga mu bwicanyi bwahabereye. Komini Gikoro yari iyobowe na Burugumesitiri Bisengimana Paul kuva mu 1981. Bisengimana Paul yayoboye Interahamwe zibanza gukorera abakobwa n'abagore ibikorwa by'urukozasoni imbere y'ababyeyi babo, hari n'abo bajyanye mu byobo byacukurwagamo amabuye nyuma y'ibyo bikorwa bakanabiciramo. Bisengimana Paul ufite umugore n'abana icumi yaburaniye mu Rukiko Mpuzamahanga Mpanabyaha rwashyiriweho u Rwanda (TPIR) yemera ibyaha by'ubwicanyi yakoze, akatirwa igifungo cy'imyaka cumi n'itanu. === Iyicwa ry'Abatutsi ku Muhororo, Kibirira muri Ngororero === Mu cyari Komini Kibirira, Jenoside yabanje kugeragezwa mbere ya Mata 1994 cyane cyane mu 1992 nyuma y'imbwirwaruhame ya Mugesera Léon yavugiye ku Kabaya muri mitingi y'ishyaka rya MNRD aho abenshi bishwe harimo n'abo mu Makomini ya Ramba na Gaseke muri Ndaro. Na mbere y'ijambo ryo ku Kabaya, muri Kibirira habaye ubwicanyi hagati ya tariki ya 11 na 13 Ukwakira 1990 hicwa Abatutsi benshi, barongera muri Mutarama 1993, muri Komini Giciye, Satinskyi, Ramba, Kanama, Kayove na Kibirira mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Gisenyi. Hari n'abaroshywe mu mugezi wa Nyabarongo ahitwa ku Cyome i Gatumba, abiciwe i Kibirira ku bitaro bya Muhororo harimo abarwayi, abarwaza n'abaganga n'abandi bakozi bo mu bitaro, abiciwe ku kiliziya ya Muhororo no ku icumbi ry'abihayimana harimo ababikira n'abapadiri. Abatutsi ba Kibirira kandi bamwe bafungiwe mu yari IGA (Ikigo gihugura abaturage) Gatumba iri hafi y'ahari icyicaro cy'Umurenge wa Gatumba, bashaka kubatwikiramo ariko Abatutsi bamena ikirahuri baca mu kadirishya gato barahunga. Inama zitegura ubwicanyi zaberaga mu biro bya za Komini Ramba na Kibirira, ku biro by'amashyaka MRND, CDR na MDR no ku biro bya “Inspecteur d'arrondissement” n'ahandi mu ngo z'abari abategetsi icyo gihe. Hafi y'ahahoze Komini Kibirira, hari akabari “Bar Ituze” ka Abishuka Charles kari i Gatumba, akabari k'uwitwaga Rwanyagatare. Ku Kiliziya ya Muhororo hiciwe ababikira n'abapadiri batandukanye nubwo abihayimana bo mu muryango w'Abenebikira yo ku Muhororo bo babanje kwirwanaho ariko nyuma baganzwa n'amasasu y'imbunda zazanywe n'uwari burigadiye wa Komini Kibirira witwaga Mutabaruka alias Libenge n'izatanzwe na Hondero, Rwanyagatare na Dusabemungu bari batuye muri centre ya Rusumo/Gatumba. [[Dosiye:Kwibuka 28.jpg|thumb|Urumuri rw'ikizere, Kwibuka 28.]] === Iyicwa ry'Abatutsi kuri Kiliziya Gatolika ya Rukara, Kayonza === Ku kiliziya ya Paruwasi Gatolika ya Rukara, hafi y'i Gahini, hahungiye Abatutsi benshi baturutse ahantu hatandukanye. Ku ikubitiro hishwe Abatutsi 12 bari bagiye kurwana n'Interahamwe ngo zireke kubatwarira [[inka]] zabo kuko bari bazihunganye. Hamaze kwicwa abo nibwo n'ibyo bahunganye byose byatwawe, abandi na bo bahita bicwa ku wa 13 Mata 1994. Ubwicanyi bwayobowe na Burugumesitiri Mpambara Jean wa Komini Rukara, ndetse n'Interahamwe zari ziturutse Murambi ziyobowe na Gatete Jean Baptiste. Nubwo Mpambara Jean yagizwe umwere n'Urukiko Mpuzamahanga rwa Arusha, abacitse ku icumu bemeza ko yari ku isonga ry'ubwicanyi akaba yarakoranaga bya hafi na Minisitiri Mugenzi Justin na we ukomoka i Gahini. Mpambara Jean yanabonetse mu [[Ubufaransa|Bufaransa]] aho aba ashinjura Ngenzi Octavien na Barahira Tito bayoboye Jenoside i Kabarondo bakaba barakatiwe igifungo cya burundu n'Urukiko rw'i Paris mu Bufaransa. === Iyicwa ry'Abatutsi i Ruharambuga, Nyamasheke === Interahamwe za Rukoma ziyobowe na Gasarasi Wellars ku wa 13 Mata 1994 zagose Abatutsi baho barenga 60 zibahuriza kwa Nyirandimubenshi Asterie, zirahabicira. Nyuma yo kwica aba Batutsi, Gasarasi Wellars yahuje Interahamwe zari zimaze kubica arazishimira ku bw'igikorwa bakoze ababwira ko ibyabo abibahaye kandi bakwiye gukomeza guhiga Umututsi aho ava akagera. Na none mu cyahoze ari Segiteri Ruharambuga ya 1 muri Serire ya Kigabiro hafashwe abana 41 n'abagabo babiri bakuwe iwabo babeshya ababyeyi ko babahungishije, abandi babakuye mu ngo ku gahato, babajyana mu cyobo cyari cyaracukuwe n'[[Abahutu]] mu mwaka wa 1992 ku ishyamba rya Sarabuye bakabatamo ari bazima. Nyuma yaho bazana ibishangara byinshi babatwikira muri cya cyobo bari babajugunyemo ari bazima, bagerekaho amabuye ngo n'utarashiramo umwuka yicwe n'amabuye. === Iyicwa ry'Abatutsi i Nyakanyinya, Mururu, Rusizi === Mu Murenge wa Mururu, ahitwa Nyakanyinya, ku wa 13 Mata 1994 hakozwe ibarura ry'Abatutsi bari bamaze guhungira i Nyakanyinya, rikaba ryarakozwe na Patrice mwene Gatukura. Icyo gihe hari hamaze kugera Abatutsi nka 800, inka zabo zatwawe na Konseye Harerimana Jean Bosco, Sendege n'izindi Nterahamwe. Haje igitero cy'Interahamwe nyinshi zari zivuye i Mururu, Nyakanyinya, Miko n'Abajandarume bari baturutse i Gihundwe bahurira ahitwa Hangari baza kwica i Nyakanyinya. Barahageze batangira kwica n'ubugome bwinshi bakoresheje gerenade, imbunda n'intwaro gakondo kuko Interahamwe zari zamaze kugota Abatutsi bari bahahungiye kandi zari nyinshi, bamaze kubambura intwaro bari baje bitwaje. Nyuma abagore n'abana bahungiye mu mashuri no mu rusengero rwari ruhari, Interahamwe zirurira zikuraho amategura zikata umuriro mu nzu kugira ngo Abatutsi bari bihishe mu nzu basohoke babone uko babica. Babonye badasohoka nk'uko babishakaga nibwo bazanye umuzinga w'[[Uruyuki|inzuki]] bawubaturamo noneho bakwira imishwaro barabica. Abandi barimo abagore n'abana babatwikira mu rusengero. Aha hakoreshejwe iyicarubozo ribi cyane kuko Interahamwe zaricaga zigasubira inyuma zigasambanya imirambo y'abakobwa b'Abatutsikazi. Urugero: Umwarimukazi witwaga Thacienne bamwishe nabi barangije bamujyaho baramusambanya ngo akiri muzima yari yarabimye. === Iyicwa ry'Abatutsi i Kirinda, Karongi === Kirinda iherereye mu cyahoze ari Komine Bwakira muri Perefegitura ya Kibuye ubu ni mu Murenge wa Murambi mu [[Akarere ka Karongi|Karere ka Karongi]]. Hari hubatse ibitaro n'icyicaro cy'Itorero rya EPR. Mu gihe cya Jenoside Burugumesitiri wa Bwakira yitwaga Kabasha Tharcisse. Muri Jenoside, Abatutsi benshi bahungiye mu ishuri ryisumbuye, abandi bahungiye mu bitaro. Bijejwe gucungirwa umutekano ariko nyuma yaho baje kwicwa ndetse imirambo yabo bakajya kuyijugunya mu mugezi wa Nyabarongo. Umwe mu bari bayoboye Interahamwe zabishe yitwaga Nyiringabo Amani afatanyije by'umwihariko n'umucuruzi witwaga Semirindi Moïse wagize uruhare rukomeye mu kugura imihoro yo kwica Abatutsi ndetse n'imodoka ye yarifashishijwe cyane mu gutwara imirambo kuyijugunya mu mugezi wa Nyabarongo. I Kirinda hazwiho by'umwihariko bariyeri yitwaga “intebe y'urupfu” naho hiciwe Abatutsi benshi. Jenoside kandi i Kirinda yahuriranye n'inama y'Itorero rya EPR ku rwego rw'Igihugu yari ihateraniye, bamwe mu ba Pasitori bari bitabiriye inama barishwe hamwe n'imiryango yabo, uwari Umuyobozi wa EPR ku rwego rw'igihugu, Pasitori Twagirayesu Michel yagize uruhare rukomeye mu kubicisha. [[Dosiye:Nyange secondary school Genocide Memorial 02.jpg|thumb|Urwibutso rwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu kigo cya Nyange.]] === Iyicwa ry'Abatutsi muri Chapelle ya Gitwa, Rutsiro === Chapelle Gatulika ya Gitwa yahungiyemo ndetse yiciwemo Abatutsi benshi mu gihe cya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Mbere hitwaga mu Gitwa ariko nyuma haje kwitwa i Nyamagumba mu cyahoze ari Cellule Bugina, Segiteri Kibingo, Komine Mabanza muri Perefegitura ya Kibuye. Iyo Chapelle yari ishamikiye kuri Paruwasi Gatulika ya Congo Nil yari iyobowe n'umupadiri w'Umufaransa witwa Maindron Gabriel na we wagize uruhare muri Jenoside. Mu Gitwa hari hatuye Abatutsi benshi b'Abagatulika ari na yo mpamvu nyamukuru bahungiye kuri Chapelle ya Gitwa bari bizeye kuzaharokokera ariko si ko byagenze. Ikindi ni uko hari mu mpinga y'umusozi ku buryo bumvaga byabafasha kureba neza ibitero no kwirwanaho bibaye ngombwa. Abatutsi bahungiye kuri Chapelle ya Gitwa bari baturutse mu bice bitandukanye birimo mu Gitwa nyirizina, Selire za Gitarama, Buhoro, Ruhingo, Kabiraho zo muri Komine Mabanza n'ahandi. Kuva ku wa 11 Mata 1994 kugeza ku wa 13 Mata 1994 nibwo ibitero byagabwe kuri Chapelle ya Gitwa ndetse uwari Burugumesitiri wa Komine Mabanza Bagirishema Ignace yagiyeyo agezeyo abaza aho Abatutsi bahungiye bamubwira ko bagiye kuri Chapelle ya Gitwa “aravuga ngo bahungiye mu mpinga y'umusozi wa Nyamagumba“ kubera umusozi wari mu Ruhengeri naho biciraga Abatutsi benshi guhera 1959 na nyuma yaho. Uko niko hahise hitwa i Nyamagumba ku buryo n'uyu munsi hari abakihita gutyo. Ubuhamya buvuga ko muri Jenoside hiciwe Abatutsi barenga 9.304 bakaba bose bashyinguye mu Rwibutso rwa Jenoside rwahubatswe. Abatangabuhamya bakomeje guhamya ko Burugumesitiri Bagirishema Ignace yagize uruhare rukomeye mu kubicisha, nubwo yaje guhanagurwaho icyaha n'Urukiko rwa TPIR. Abandi bagize uruhare mu kwica Abatutsi i Gitwa harimo uwari Brigadier Rwamakuba Emmanuel, Hakizimana Deo wari Umunyamabanga wa Komine Mabanza, Benimana Raphaël wari Burugumesitiri wa Komine Rutsiro, Maburakindi Isidore wari Burugumesitiri wa Komine Kayove n'abandi. === Iyicwa ry'Abatutsi ku mashuri abanza ya Mbogo, Kinyamakara, Gikongoro === Kuri Komine Kinyamakara, ku mashuri ya Mbogo n'umusozi wose wa Mbogo muri rusange, ku wa 13 Mata 1994 hakusanyirijwe Abatutsi benshi b'iyari Komine Kinyamakara n'abari bavuye Gikongoro mu mugi n'ahandi barahicirwa. Komini Kinyamakara yayoborwaga na Burugumesitiri Munyaneza Charles. Munyaneza Charles ni we wagiye guhuruza abasirikare n'abajandarume barimo Colonel Simba Aloys barabarasa bafatanyije n'Interahamwe zari zitwaje imihoro, ubuhiri n'ibyuma byo gutema ibyatsi, byose bishyashya n'udufuni. Ku wa 13 Mata 1994 hishwe Abatutsi bagera ku 3.000. Abari ku isonga mu bwicanyi ni Mugemana wari Brigadier, Munyakanyinya wari OPJ, Gasasira Alphonse wari ashinzwe urubyiruko, Gasirabo Jonathan wari umwarimu mu mashuri abanza, n'abandi. === Iyicwa ry'Abatutsi ahiswe kuri “Escalier”, Muhima, Nyarugenge, n'i Nkomangwa ya Kayonza === Kuva tariki ya 13 kugeza tariki ya 14 Mata 1994 abantu b'igice kimwe cya Muhima munsi y'ahahoze gereza ya Nyarugenge, ahitwa mu Mudugudu w'Umwezi mu cyahoze ari Serire Ruhurura, hari Interahamwe n'abasirikare bakusanyaga Abatutsi muri icyo gice bakabamanura babajyana ahiswe kuri “Escalier” bakazibamanuraho babatemagura, babahonda imitwe mu muhanda wa kaburimbo, abandi bakabarasa. Aho hantu hiciwe Abatutsi benshi kuko kuri uwo muhanda bari bahashyize na bariyeri itega abanyura muri kaburimbo na bo bakahicirwa bakabarunda mu muhanda. Kugeza ubu ikibabaza abafitanye isano n'abiciwe aha hantu ni uko iyo mirambo batazi aho yajyanywe ngo bayishyingure mu cyubahiro. Zimwe mu Nterahamwe zagize uruhare mu kwica aba bantu zabashije kumenyekana: Ndemeye Nicodemu wari umukuru wazo, Gashayija Etienne, Charles, Rurangirwa Jean Paul wakatiwe igifungo cya burundu n'inkiko Gacaca, akaba afungiye muri gereza ya Mageragere n'abandi. Mu Kagari ka Nkomangwa, mu Murenge wa Kayonza, ku wa 13–14 Mata 1994 hajugunywemo Abatutsi benshi cyane banabwira abana bari bakiri bato ngo nibaze babajyane ku mashuri kandi babajyanye muri Muhazi. Bivugwa ko haguye abari hejuru ya 136 bo mu Murenge wa Munyiginya n'abandi batazwi umubare bari baturutse imihanda yose. [[Dosiye:Mémorial Rwanda, Genève 8 avril 2019-17.jpg|thumb|Kwibuka i Genève ku wa 8 Mata 2019.]] == Amafilimi ya sinema == * ''[[Sometimes in April]]'' * ''[[The 600: The Soldiers' Story]]'' == Ibitabo == * African Rights, ''Rwanda: Death, Despair and Defiance'', revised edition, London, African Rights, 1995. <small>(mu Cyongereza)</small> * African Rights, ''Rwanda: Not So Innocent – When Women Become Killers'', London, African Rights, 1995. <small>(mu Cyongereza)</small> * Amnesty International, ''Rwanda: Government Supporters and Regular Troops Have Committed Massacres all over the Country'', London, Amnesty International, May 1994. <small>(mu Cyongereza)</small> * Anyidoho, Henry Kwami, ''Guns Over Kigali – The Rwandese Civil War – 1994: A Personal Account'', Kampala, Fountain Publishers, 1998. <small>(mu Cyongereza)</small> * Berry, John A. na Berry, Carol Pott (eds.), ''Genocide in Rwanda: A Collective Memory'', Washington, D.C., Howard University Press, 1999. <small>(mu Cyongereza)</small> * Destexhe, A., ''Rwanda and Genocide in the Twentieth Century'', London na New Haven, Connecticut, Pluto Press, 1995. <small>(mu Cyongereza)</small> * Gatwa, Tharcisse, ''The Churches and Ethnic Ideology in the Rwandan Crises 1900–1994'', Milton Keynes, Regnum Books International and Paternoster, 2005. <small>(mu Cyongereza)</small> * Gourevitch, Philip, ''We Wish to Inform You That Tomorrow We Will Be Killed With Our Families: Stories from Rwanda'', London, Picador, 1999. <small>(mu Cyongereza)</small> * Guillebaud, Meg, ''Rwanda: The Land God Forgot? – Revival, Genocide & Hope'', Mill Hills, London na Grand Rapids, Michigan, Monarch Books, 2002. <small>(mu Cyongereza)</small> * Human Rights Watch, ''Rwanda/Zaire: Rearming with Impunity – International Support for Perpetrators of Rwandese Genocide'', New York, Human Rights Watch, May 1995. <small>(mu Cyongereza)</small> * Human Rights Watch, ''The Aftermath of Genocide in Rwanda: Absence of Prosecution, Continued Killings'', New York, Human Rights Watch, September 1994. <small>(mu Cyongereza)</small> * Human Rights Watch/Africa, ''Genocide in Rwanda'', vol. 6, no. 4, New York, Human Rights Watch, April–May 1994. <small>(mu Cyongereza)</small> * International Panel of Eminent Personalities na Organisation of African Unity, ''Rwanda: The Preventable Genocide'', Addis Ababa, Organisation of African Unity, 2000. <small>(mu Cyongereza)</small> * Jennings, Christian, ''Across the Red River: Rwanda, Burundi and the Heart of Darkness'', London, Phoenix, 2000. <small>(mu Cyongereza)</small> * Keene, F., ''Season of Blood: A Rwandan Journey'', London, Viking, 1995. <small>(mu Cyongereza)</small> * Mamdani, Mahmood, ''When Victims Become Killers: Colonialism, Nativism, and the Genocide in Rwanda'', Kampala na Dar es Salaam, Fountain Publishers Ltd. na E & D Limited, 2001. <small>(mu Cyongereza)</small> * Prunier, Gerard, ''The Rwanda Crisis: History of Genocide'', Kampala, Fountain Publishers Ltd., 2001. <small>(mu Cyongereza)</small> * Rudasingwa, Theogene, ''Rwanda: Background to Genocide'', Oxford na London, Rwandese Patriotic Front (RPF), 1994. <small>(mu Cyongereza)</small> * Sellstom, T. na Wohlgemuth, L., ''The International Response to Conflict and Genocide: Lessons from the Rwanda Experience'', Uppsala, Nordic Africa Institute, 1997. <small>(mu Cyongereza)</small> * Semujanga, Josias, ''Origins of Rwanda Genocide'', New York, Humanity Books, 2003. <small>(mu Cyongereza)</small> == Notes == {{Reflist}} == Imiyoboro == {{Commonscat|Rwandan Genocide}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160221023612/http://www.genocidearchiverwanda.org.rw/index.php/Welcome_to_Genocide_Archive_Rwanda Genocide Archive Rwanda] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20101129131731/http://rwandinfo.com/kinya/category/jenoside/ Rwandinfo — Jenoside] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110203123219/http://www.yale.edu/gsp/kinyarwanda/index.html Umushinga ku itsembambatsemba ryo mu Rwanda] {{Palette Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda|state=uncollapsed}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994}} [[Ikiciro:Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994]] dua1g41yelpwo15mrufa5hnsaamv43h 0 3391 149007 143649 2026-11-05T13:06:08Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 149007 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Uturere tw’u Rwanda''' ni inzego z’ubutegetsi z’[[Rwanda|u Rwanda]] ziri munsi y’intara. U Rwanda rufite uturere 30. Uturere 27 turi mu [[Intara z’u Rwanda|ntara]] enye. Uturere dutatu turi mu [[Kigali|Mujyi wa Kigali]]. Uturere twashyizweho n’Itegeko Ngenga ryo ku wa 31 Ukuboza 2005. Akarere kayoborwa na [[Meya]] n’Inama Njyanama y’Akarere. Mu ibarura rusange ryo mu 2022, akarere gafite abaturage benshi ni Gasabo. Mu Rwanda, imitegekere y’igihugu igizwe n’inzego zikurikira: [[Intara z’u Rwanda|Intara]] → Uturere → [[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Imirenge]] → [[Akagari|Utugari]] → [[Imidugudu]]. == Amateka == Itegeko Ngenga N° 29/2005 ryo ku wa 31 Ukuboza 2005 rigena inzego z’imitegekere y’u Rwanda.<ref name="itegeko">{{Cite web |url=https://archive.gazettes.africa/archive/rw/2005/rw-government-gazette-dated-2005-12-31-no-special.pdf |title=Organic Law N° 29/2005 of 31/12/2005 determining the administrative entities of the Republic of Rwanda |website=Official Gazette of the Republic of Rwanda |date=2005-12-31 |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Iri tegeko ryashyizeho uturere 30.<ref name="itegeko"/> Umujyi wa Kigali ufite uturere 3. Intara y’Amajyaruguru ifite uturere 5. Intara y’Amajyepfo ifite uturere 8. Intara y’Iburasirazuba ifite uturere 7. Intara y’Iburengerazuba ifite uturere 7.<ref name="itegeko"/> == Imiyoborere == Buri karere gafite Inama Njyanama y’Akarere na Meya.<ref name="sng">{{Cite web |url=https://www.sng-wofi.org/country_profiles/rwanda.html |title=Rwanda |website=World Observatory on Subnational Government Finance and Investment (SNG-WOFI) |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Inama Njyanama ishyiraho ingamba z’iterambere ry’akarere. Inama Njyanama yemeza kandi ingengo y’imari y’akarere.<ref name="sng"/> Meya atorerwa manda y’imyaka itanu. Iyo manda ishobora kongerwa rimwe gusa.<ref name="mayors">{{Cite web |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/202603270097.html |title=Rwanda: What to Know Ahead of District Mayoral Elections |author=Tonny Mwiseneza |website=AllAfrica (The New Times) |date=2026-03-27 |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20261024092551/https://allafrica.com/stories/202603270097.html |archive-date=2026-10-24 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Uturere dutatu tw’Umujyi wa Kigali ni Gasabo, Kicukiro na Nyarugenge. Utwo turere ntitufite ubuzimagatozi nk’utundi turere. Abayobozi b’utwo turere bashyirwaho na Leta.<ref name="sng"/> == Urutonde rw’uturere == Imbonerahamwe ikurikira igaragaza uturere 30 n’umubare w’abaturage babaruwe mu 2012 no mu 2022.<ref name="citypop">{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/admin/ |title=Rwanda: Administrative Division (Provinces and Districts) |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right;" ! Intara !! Akarere !! Abaturage (2012) !! Abaturage (2022) |- | rowspan="3" style="text-align:center;" | [[File:Rwanda KigaliDists.png|120px]]<br />[[Kigali|Umujyi wa Kigali]] | style="text-align:left;" | 1. [[Akarere ka Gasabo|Gasabo]] || {{formatnum:529561}} || {{formatnum:879505}} |- | style="text-align:left;" | 2. [[Akarere ka Kicukiro|Kicukiro]] || {{formatnum:318564}} || {{formatnum:491731}} |- | style="text-align:left;" | 3. [[Akarere ka Nyarugenge|Nyarugenge]] || {{formatnum:284561}} || {{formatnum:374319}} |- | rowspan="5" style="text-align:center;" | [[File:Rwanda NorthDists.png|120px]]<br />[[Intara y’Amajyaruguru y’u Rwanda|Intara y’Amajyaruguru]] | style="text-align:left;" | 1. [[Akarere ka Burera|Burera]] || {{formatnum:336582}} || {{formatnum:387729}} |- | style="text-align:left;" | 2. [[Akarere ka Gakenke|Gakenke]] || {{formatnum:338234}} || {{formatnum:365292}} |- | style="text-align:left;" | 3. [[Akarere ka Gicumbi|Gicumbi]] || {{formatnum:395606}} || {{formatnum:448824}} |- | style="text-align:left;" | 4. [[Akarere ka Musanze|Musanze]] || {{formatnum:368267}} || {{formatnum:476522}} |- | style="text-align:left;" | 5. [[Akarere ka Rulindo|Rulindo]] || {{formatnum:287681}} || {{formatnum:360144}} |- | rowspan="8" style="text-align:center;" | [[File:Rwanda SouthDists.png|120px]]<br />[[Intara y'amajyepfo|Intara y’Amajyepfo]] | style="text-align:left;" | 1. [[Akarere ka Gisagara|Gisagara]] || {{formatnum:322506}} || {{formatnum:397051}} |- | style="text-align:left;" | 2. [[Akarere ka Huye|Huye]] || {{formatnum:328398}} || {{formatnum:381900}} |- | style="text-align:left;" | 3. [[Akarere ka Kamonyi|Kamonyi]] || {{formatnum:340501}} || {{formatnum:450849}} |- | style="text-align:left;" | 4. [[Akarere ka Muhanga|Muhanga]] || {{formatnum:319141}} || {{formatnum:358433}} |- | style="text-align:left;" | 5. [[Akarere ka Nyamagabe|Nyamagabe]] || {{formatnum:341491}} || {{formatnum:371501}} |- | style="text-align:left;" | 6. [[Akarere ka Nyanza|Nyanza]] || {{formatnum:323719}} || {{formatnum:365718}} |- | style="text-align:left;" | 7. [[Akarere ka Nyaruguru|Nyaruguru]] || {{formatnum:294334}} || {{formatnum:318126}} |- | style="text-align:left;" | 8. [[Akarere ka Ruhango|Ruhango]] || {{formatnum:319885}} || {{formatnum:359121}} |- | rowspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | [[File:Rwanda EastDists.png|120px]]<br />[[Intara y'Iburasirazuba|Intara y’Iburasirazuba]] | style="text-align:left;" | 1. [[Akarere ka Bugesera|Bugesera]] || {{formatnum:361914}} || {{formatnum:551103}} |- | style="text-align:left;" | 2. [[Akarere ka Gatsibo|Gatsibo]] || {{formatnum:433020}} || {{formatnum:551164}} |- | style="text-align:left;" | 3. [[Akarere ka Kayonza|Kayonza]] || {{formatnum:344157}} || {{formatnum:457156}} |- | style="text-align:left;" | 4. [[Akarere ka Kirehe|Kirehe]] || {{formatnum:340368}} || {{formatnum:460860}} |- | style="text-align:left;" | 5. [[Akarere ka Ngoma|Ngoma]] || {{formatnum:336928}} || {{formatnum:404048}} |- | style="text-align:left;" | 6. [[Akarere ka Nyagatare|Nyagatare]] || {{formatnum:465855}} || {{formatnum:653861}} |- | style="text-align:left;" | 7. [[Akarere ka Rwamagana|Rwamagana]] || {{formatnum:313461}} || {{formatnum:484953}} |- | rowspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | [[File:Rwanda WestDists.png|120px]]<br />[[Intara y'Uburengerazuba|Intara y’Iburengerazuba]] | style="text-align:left;" | 1. [[Akarere ka Karongi|Karongi]] || {{formatnum:331808}} || {{formatnum:373869}} |- | style="text-align:left;" | 2. [[Akarere ka Ngororero|Ngororero]] || {{formatnum:333713}} || {{formatnum:367955}} |- | style="text-align:left;" | 3. [[Akarere ka Nyabihu|Nyabihu]] || {{formatnum:294740}} || {{formatnum:319047}} |- | style="text-align:left;" | 4. [[Akarere ka Nyamasheke|Nyamasheke]] || {{formatnum:381804}} || {{formatnum:434221}} |- | style="text-align:left;" | 5. [[Akarere ka Rubavu|Rubavu]] || {{formatnum:403662}} || {{formatnum:546683}} |- | style="text-align:left;" | 6. [[Akarere ka Rusizi|Rusizi]] || {{formatnum:400858}} || {{formatnum:485529}} |- | style="text-align:left;" | 7. [[Akarere ka Rutsiro|Rutsiro]] || {{formatnum:324654}} || {{formatnum:369180}} |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align:left;" | U Rwanda !! {{formatnum:10515973}} !! {{formatnum:13246394}} |} == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Districts of Rwanda|Amafoto n’amakarita y’uturere tw’u Rwanda]] kuri Wikimedia Commons {{Palette Intara n'Uturere by'u Rwanda}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Uturere tw’u Rwanda| ]] irn9cbz2fefionw3pj3urpa57bf2w42 0 5985 149013 142101 2026-11-06T09:32:54Z Baraka official 17008 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 149013 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Speciesbox | genus = Markhamia | species = lutea | authority = (Benth.) K.Schum. | status = LC | status_system = IUCN3.1 | status_ref = <ref name="iucn">{{Cite web |title=Markhamia lutea |url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/144259403/149036077 |website=IUCN Red List of Threatened Species |publisher=Botanic Gardens Conservation International (BGCI) & IUCN SSC Global Tree Specialist Group |date=2019 |language=en}}</ref> | image = Markhamia lutea at Palappuzha (1).jpg | image_caption = Indabo z'umusave }} '''Umusave''' (izina ry'ubumenyi mu [[Ikilatini|kilatini]]: ''Markhamia lutea''; mu [[Icyongereza|Cyongereza]] ''Nile tulip'' cyangwa ''Nile trumpet'') ni [[igiti]] cyo mu muryango wa ''Bignoniaceae'', gikomoka muri [[Afurika]] y'Iburasirazuba, harimo no mu [[Rwanda]]. Ni igiti gihora gifite amababi, gikura vuba, kirangwa n'indabo nini z'umuhondo zimeze nk'impanda. Mu Rwanda gikoreshwa cyane mu buhinzi buvanze n'amashyamba: gitanga inkwi, amakara, ibiti byo kubaka n'imishingiro y'ibishyimbo, kandi giterwa ku mbibi z'imirima no hafi y'ingo. == Imiterere == [[File:Markhamia lutea leaves at Secunderabad W IMG 6691.jpg|thumb|left|Amababi y'umusave]] Umusave ni igiti gihora gifite amababi, gishobora kurenga metero 10 z'uburebure aho gikomoka, ariko kikagira metero 4 kugeza kuri 5 gusa iyo cyatewe ahandi. Amababi yacyo, afite uburebure bwa santimetero 20 kugeza kuri 30, akunze guteranira ku mitwe y'amashami. Indabo zacyo ziteranye ku mitwe y'amashami; zimeze nk'impanda, z'umuhondo, zifite utudomo tw'umutuku n'icunga mu muhogo, kandi zifite uburebure bwa santimetero 5 kugeza kuri 6. Imbuto zacyo ni udusanduku dushobora kugera kuri santimetero 70 z'uburebure, turimo imbuto nyinshi zifite amababa. Gitubururwa hakoreshejwe imbuto. Izina ''Markhamia'' ryahawe mu rwego rwo guha icyubahiro Umwongereza Clements Markham (1830–1916). == Mu Rwanda == Umusave ni igiti kavukire mu Rwanda, kiboneka urugero mu [[Akarere ka Bugesera|Bugesera]] no mu ishyamba rya Gishwati. Gikurira ku butumburuke bwa metero 900 kugeza kuri 2 000, ahagwa imvura ya milimetero 800 kugeza kuri 2 000 ku mwaka, kandi gikunda ubutaka bw'ibumba ritukura.<ref name="icraf">{{Cite web |title=Markhamia lutea |url=https://apps.worldagroforestry.org/suitable-tree/node/22525 |website=Suitable tree species (Rwanda) |publisher=World Agroforestry (ICRAF) |language=en}}</ref> Gikoreshwa cyane mu buhinzi buvanze n'amashyamba (''agroforesterie''): giterwa ku mbibi z'imirima, mu mirima imbere, ku nkengero z'ingo nk'uruzitiro ruzima, no ku miringoti irwanya isuri. Gitanga inkwi, amakara, ibiti byo kubaka, imiti, ibyo [[Uruyuki|inzuki]] zirya n'imishingiro y'ibishyimbo; kandi gitanga igicucu, gitaka, n'amababi yacyo agafumbira ubutaka. Gishobora gukonorwa no gutemwa kikongera kumera.<ref name="icraf"/> == Uko kibungabunzwe == Ku rutonde rutukura rwa UICN, umusave ushyirwa mu moko adafite ikibazo cyo kuzimira (''Least Concern'').<ref name="iucn"/> == Amafoto == <gallery mode="packed" heights="130"> Markhamia lutea 1zz.jpg|Amashami n'amababi Markhamia lutea (3437939685).jpg|Igiti cy'umusave </gallery> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Reba kandi == === Ingingo zijyanye === * [[Spathodea campanulata]], ikindi giti cyo mu muryango wa ''Bignoniaceae'' * [[Umuko]] * [[Igiti]] === Ihuza ryo hanze === * [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Markhamia_lutea Amafoto y'umusave] kuri Wikimedia Commons * [https://apps.worldagroforestry.org/suitable-tree/node/22525 ''Markhamia lutea''] kuri World Agroforestry [[Ikiciro:Ibimera]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiti]] [[Ikiciro:Indabo]] 9nezlzs1tgcybf43kjklhofj1bfz4u6 0 6206 149022 148779 2026-11-06T09:35:57Z Baraka official 17008 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 149022 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Agnes van Ardenne.jpg|thumb|Agnes van Ardenne]]{{Databox|excludeProperties=Q225902}} '''Anna Maria Agnes "Agnes" van Ardenne-Van der Hoeven''' (wavutse ku wa '''21 Mutarama 1950''') ni umunyapolitiki n'umudipolomate w'Umuholandi wagiye mu kiruhuko cy'izabukuru. Yabaye umwe mu banyamuryango b'ishyaka Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA), aho yagiye anagira imyanya itandukanye muri guverinoma y'u [[Buholandi]] ndetse no mu rwego rwa dipolomasi. == Umwuga == Agnes van Ardenne yavukiye i Maasland mu Buholandi ku wa 21 Mutarama 1950. Mbere yo kwinjira muri Guverinoma y'u Buholandi, yabaye Visi Perezida w'umuryango CORDAID, ukora ibikorwa by'ubutabazi n'iterambere, ndetse aba n'Umunyamabanga Mukuru wa Komite y'igihugu ya UNICEF mu Buholandi.Hagati ya 1994 na 2002, yari umwe mu bagize Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y'u Buholandi. Muri icyo gihe kandi yari mu ntumwa z'Inteko zoherezwaga mu Nteko Ishinga Amategeko y'Inama y'u Burayi (PACE). ====== Minisitiri ushinzwe ubufatanye mu iterambere ====== Kuva mu 2002 kugeza mu 2007, Agnes van Ardenne yabaye Minisitiri ushinzwe Ubutwererane Mpuzamahanga n'Iterambere muri guverinoma ya Minisitiri w'Intebe Jan Peter Balkenende. Mu mwaka wa 2004, ubwo u Buholandi bwari buyoboye Inama y'Umuryango w'Ubumwe bw'u Burayi, yayoboye inama z'abaminisitiri bashinzwe ubufatanye mu iterambere.Mu gihe yari kuri uwo mwanya, yibanze ku gufasha ibihugu bifite intege nke n'ibyugarijwe n'intambara, harimo na [[Sudani]]. Yanashyize imbere ko nibura 50% by'ingengo y'imari y'u Buholandi yagenerwaga ubufatanye bw'ibihugu byombi ishyirwa mu mishinga yo muri Afurika. Mu 2006, yahagaritse inkunga y'amadolari ya Amerika agera kuri miliyoni 150 yagombaga guhabwa guverinoma ya Perezida [[Mwai Kibaki]] wa [[Kenya]], bitewe n'impungenge zerekeye ruswa.Nyuma y'umutingito wabaye muri Kashmir mu mwaka wa 2005, yabaye umwe mu bayobozi ba mbere baturutse mu mahanga basuye Pakisitani kugira ngo barebe uko ibikorwa by'ubutabazi byakorwaga. === Gushyigikira uburezi n'ubuzima === Mu 2006, yongereye inkunga u Buholandi bwatangaga mu burezi bwo mu mashuri yisumbuye na kaminuza, ayigeza kuri miliyoni 110 z'amayero ku mwaka. Yanongereye kandi umusanzu watangwaga muri gahunda ya Education for All Fast Track Initiative (FTI) awugeza kuri miliyoni 150 z'amayero.Muri uwo mwaka kandi, yasezeranyije GAVI inkunga igera kuri miliyoni 100 z'amayero mu myaka ine yo gushyigikira gahunda zo gukingira abana no guteza imbere ubuvuzi. Yanatanze indi nkunga ya miliyoni 201 z'amadolari ya Amerika kuri [[UNICEF|UNICEF,]] igamije gufasha abana bibasiwe n'intambara, ibiza cyangwa ibindi bibazo gukomeza amashuri. === Nyuma yo kuva muri guverinoma === Nyuma yo kuva muri guverinoma mu 2007, yabaye Uhagarariye u Buholandi muri FAO, WFP na IFAD i Roma kugeza mu 2011.Hagati ya 2011 na 2014, yabaye Perezida w'Inama y'Ubuhinzi bw'Indabo n'Ibihingwa by'Ubusitani mu Buholandi. Kuva mu 2017, ni Perezida w'Ikigo cy'u Buholandi gishinzwe igenzura ry'ubuhinzi bw'indabo n'ibihingwa by'ubusitani. == Ibindi bikorwa == === Mu miryango mpuzamahanga === Hagati ya 2003 na 2007, Agnes van Ardenne yabaye umwe mu bagize Inama y'Abaguverineri mu mwanya w'uhagarariye u Buholandi mu [[Banki Nyafurika Itsura Amajyambere]] (AfDB), Banki Nyafurika Itsura Amajyambere ya Aziya (ADB) ndetse no muri Banki y'Isi (World Bank). ====== Mu miryango idaharanira inyungu ====== Kuva mu '''2013''', ni Perezida w'Inama y'Ubutegetsi y'<nowiki/>'''African Studies Centre (ASC)''' yo muri '''Kaminuza ya Leiden''', ikigo gikora ubushakashatsi ku Afurika.Kuva mu '''2012''', yabaye umwe mu bagize Inama Ngishwanama y'Ubuzima bw'Ibidukikije n'Ibikorwaremezo (RLI) mu Buholandi.Yanabaye Perezida w'Inama y'Ubugenzuzi ya '''Van Hall Larenstein''', ishuri rikuru ryigisha ibijyanye n'ubuhinzi, ibidukikije n'iterambere rirambye. Ni na we uyoboye Inama y'Ubutegetsi y''''Marga Klompé Foundation''', umuryango ukora ibikorwa by'imibereho myiza n'iterambere ry'abaturage. == Imya ya politiki == Ku wa '''30 Werurwe 2012''', Agnes van Ardenne hamwe n'abandi banyapolitiki bakomeye bo mu ishyaka '''Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA)''', barimo ba Minisitiri b'Intebe bahoze ari bo '''Ruud Lubbers''' na '''Piet de Jong''', bashyize umukono ku nyandiko yamaganaga icyemezo cya guverinoma ya Minisitiri w'Intebe '''Mark Rutte''' cyo kugabanya ingengo y'imari yagenerwaga ubufatanye mpuzamahanga n'iterambere. == Amashakiro == # .https://www.ncdo.nl/sites/default/files/Report%20Analysis%20The%20Dutch%20and%20Development%20Cooperation%20FINAL%202013%2003%2004.pdf # https://www.government.nl/documents/reports/2014/04/01/iob-return-on-aid-for-dutch-exports # https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4958316.stm # http://en.rli.nl/news/2012/dutch-government-names-members-of-council-for-the-environment-and-infrastructure [[Dosiye:Famara_Jatta_and_Agnes_van_Ardenne,_IMF_691765l.jpg|thumb|Agnes van Ardenne]] {{commonscat|Agnes van Ardenne}} [[Category:Abaholandi]] [[Category:Abanyepolitiki]] [[Category:Abagore]] hsikeoe23jtjtfs0n0q4ooow9arvk7f 0 9322 149010 148162 2026-11-05T18:33:48Z Score Beethoven 11559 149010 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''''Have You Seen Drum Recently?''''' ni filime mbarankuru yo muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika y'Epfo]] yo mu 1989. Yayobowe na Jürgen Schadeberg. Ivuga ku kinyamakuru ''Drum'' cyo mu myaka ya 1950. Ikoresha amafoto n'amashusho yo mu bubiko bwa ''Drum''. Iyi filime yerekana ubuzima bw'umuco na politiki bw'abirabura bo mu mijyi mu gihe cy'ivanguramoko. Igaragaramo [[Nelson Mandela]] na [[Miriam Makeba]]. == Ibikubiyemo == ''Have You Seen Drum Recently?'' yasohotse mu 1989.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b79d97975 |title=Have You Seen Drum Recently? (1989) |website=British Film Institute |access-date=2021-11-12 |archive-date=2021-11-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211112125131/https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b79d97975 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211112125132/https://africa.film/have-you-seen-drum-recently-a-documentary-by-drum-photographer-jurgen-schadeberg/ |title=Have You Seen Drum Recently? A documentary by Drum photographer Jürgen Schadeberg |website=africa.film |access-date=2026-11-05 |language=en}}</ref> Ikoresha amafoto yo mu bubiko bw'ikinyamakuru ''Drum''. Ivuga ku buzima bw'umuco na politiki bwa Afurika y'Epfo.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.senscritique.com/film/Have_You_Seen_Drum_Recently/8468743 |title=Have You Seen Drum Recently? (1989) |website=SensCritique |access-date=2026-11-05 |language=fr}}</ref> Mu myaka ya 1950, ''Drum'' yandikaga ku birabura bo mu mijyi. Babaga mu gihugu cyiganjemo ivanguramoko.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://theculturetrip.com/africa/south-africa/articles/10-of-the-most-controversial-films-from-south-africa/ |title=10 of the most controversial films from south africa |website=Culture Trip |access-date=2021-11-12 |archive-date=2021-11-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211112125144/https://theculturetrip.com/africa/south-africa/articles/10-of-the-most-controversial-films-from-south-africa/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ikinyamakuru cyandikaga ku muziki wa jazz, ku byaha, ku nkuru z'impimbano no kuri siporo.<ref name="jm">{{Cite web |url=https://www.journeyman.tv/film/3007/have-you-seen-drum-recently |title=Have You Seen Drum Recently? |website=Journeyman Pictures |access-date=2026-11-05 |language=en}}</ref><ref>https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/history-in-africa/article/africas-media-empire-drums-expansion-to-nigeria/6F12716179FE7050F0313CD1900914BE</ref> Filime yerekana Oliver Tambo ari umunyamategeko.<ref name="jm" /> Yerekana Trevor Huddleston arwanya isenywa rya Sophiatown. Yerekana kandi Nelson Mandela ari mu bakinnyi b'iteramakofe. Harimo na Albert Luthuli, wahawe Igihembo cyitiriwe Nobel, n'umuririmbyi Miriam Makeba.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://streampriser.dk/film/471d6960-36c2-437b-800d-26779b5966e8/have-you-seen-drum-recently |title=Have You Seen Drum Recently? |website=Streampriser |access-date=2021-11-12 |archive-date=2021-11-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211112125143/https://streampriser.dk/film/471d6960-36c2-437b-800d-26779b5966e8/have-you-seen-drum-recently |url-status=dead }}</ref> Umuziki wa filime ni uwo mu myaka ya 1950: jazz, swing, kwela na ''penny whistle''.<ref>https://alchetron.com/Have-You-Seen-Drum-Recently</ref> Filime imara iminota 77. Yakozwe na sosiyete The Schadeberg Movie Company.<ref name="jm" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Have You Seen Drum Recently}} [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika y’Epfo]] aq3npadkpr7zvqwkywly77xxfv11a1h 0 9958 149032 148219 2026-11-06T09:42:00Z Baraka official 17008 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 149032 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:ULK-Masters-Administration-building.jpg|thumb|Kaminuza ya Rwigamba]] Prof Rwigamba [[File:Pro.-Dr-RWIGAMBA-Balinda.jpg|Pro.-Dr-RWIGAMBA-Balinda]] Prof Rwigamba Balinda yavutse mu mwaka wi 1948 avukira muri kivu yaruguru ahitwa [[Kongo|masisi]] mu cyahoze ari [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo|Zaire]] ubu akaba ari [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo|Repuburika iharanira Demokarasi ya Cong]]<nowiki/>o<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ar.umuseke.rw/soma-imibereho-ya-prof-rwigamba-balinda-umuyobozi-wa-ulk.hmtl |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-01-31 |archive-date=2022-01-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220131205854/https://ar.umuseke.rw/soma-imibereho-ya-prof-rwigamba-balinda-umuyobozi-wa-ulk.hmtl |url-status=dead }}</ref> akaba ari umuyobozi w'ikirenga wa [[Kigali Independent University|Kaminuza yigenga ya Kigal]]<nowiki/>i iherereye i [[Kigali]] mu murenge wa Gisozi ndetse akaba ari nawe nyirayo ya yishinze mu mwaka wi 1996 nyuma ya [[Genocide mu Rwanda|Genocide]] ya korewe abatutsi mu Rwanda mu 1994 == Amashuri yize == ahagana mu mwaka wi 1974 nibwo yarangije Lisence yambere muri philosophie Anglaise muri kaminza imwe [[Kongo|y'Ikinshasa]] mumwaka wi 1977 kandi abona indi Lisence muri Linguistique Africaine muri [[Kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda|Kaminuza]] yi <ref>https://web.facebook.com/ulk.ac.rw/photos/prof-dr-rwigamba-balinda-founder-and-president-of-ulk/2425676364140102/?_rdc=1&_rdr</ref> [[Kongo|Lubumbashi]] mu mwaka wi 1982 yabonye kandi impamya bushobozi yo kurwego rwa [[PDF|PHD]] arinabwo yabaga umuyobozi wa Kaminuza i [[Congo Brazzaville|Lubumbashi]] kubera uburyo yize ari umuhanga kandi abona amanota meza yigishije kandi no kuriyo kaminuza yigagaho. ndetse akaba yaranditse nibitabo byinshi bitandukanye<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://rushyashya.net/prof-dr-rwigamba-balinda-yamuritse-agatabo-umukristo-wukuri/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-01-31 |archive-date=2022-01-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220131205853/https://rushyashya.net/prof-dr-rwigamba-balinda-yamuritse-agatabo-umukristo-wukuri/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Prof Rwigamba Balinda yavutse kuya 10/10/1948 avukira mu gihugu cyabaturanyi muri [[Congo Brazzaville|Congo]] afite umugore umwe witwa Nyirashyirambere Marie Louise nabana batandatu kuva 2003 -2014 Prof Rwigamba yabaye umuyobozi w'umuryango wa za Kaminuza zose zigenga na amashurimakuru byo mu [[Rwanda]] kuva mu mwaka wa 2003 kugeza mu kwakira 2011 Prof Rwigamba yabaye Senateri mu [[Rwanda]] == Ubudasa == Prof Rwigamba Balinda azwiho kuba ari umu Kristo kandi agakunda abantu cyane avugako kandi yahoze<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/92113</ref> afite inzozi zo kuzaba umuherwe kugirango nawe azakize abandi kandi akaba abishimira Imana kuko yabigezeho ni mwe m bantu bafite kaminuza zigenga zikomeye mu [[Rwanda]] Prof Rwigamba kandi yanditse [[Igitabo|ibitabo]] byinshi bitandukanye muribyo harimo icyo yise UMUCRISTO W'UKURI<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://rushyashya.net/prof-dr-rwigamba-balinda-yamuritse-agatabo-umukristo-wukuri/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-01-31 |archive-date=2022-01-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220131205853/https://rushyashya.net/prof-dr-rwigamba-balinda-yamuritse-agatabo-umukristo-wukuri/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Indoto za Prof Rwigamba == Kuva akri muto yiga mu mashuri abanza nayisumbuye yari umuhanga abona amanota y'ikirenga mwishuri ku myaka 15 yandikaga ku makayi ye ngo Prof Dr Rwigamba Balinda ULK yayitangije yakira abanyeshuri 204 bakodesha munyubako ya mutagatifu pawulo iherereye mu mujyi wa [[kigali]] akora sporo yo kuzamuka amadarage y'inyubako ye akoreramo akunda kurya [[imboga]] rwatsi no kunywa amazi menshi<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WhrmqyFGrUo</ref> == Akamaro == prof Rwigama Balinda kandi kubera kugira neza kwe yahoze yfuza gufasha abntu benshi mu gihugu cye cyu [[Rwanda]] ndetse no muri kariyeri ye y'uburezi bityo akaba ari umwe mubantu bashimirwa cyane nabantu benshi ndetse bamwe bakanabigaragaza mu nyandiko zikubiye mu bitabo bagiye bandika<ref>https://www.memoireonline.com/04/10/3397/m_Modeling-and-forecasting-inflation-in-Rwanda-1995-20090.html</ref> Prof Rwigamba kandi numwe mubantu batangije Kaminuza zigenga mu [[Rwanda]] akaba ashimirwa nabenshi kubera iterambere yagize mu burezi mu [[Rwanda]] ndetse no muri [[Kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda|kaminuza]] zitandukanye yaciyemo mugihugu cya [[Kongo|congo]].<ref>https://www.kab.ac.ug/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Prof.-Kaaya-Siraje-CV.pdf</ref> == Shakira == == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} aq2t35l495tc2ek0tuk6v5ltwju8e7o 0 10451 149016 148769 2026-11-06T09:34:05Z Baraka official 17008 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 149016 wikitext text/x-wiki == Amavu n'amavuko == Clarisse Uwineza n'umunyarwandakazi,umuvugabutumwa akaba n'[[Umubyeyi Sharifa|umubyeyi]] wabana babiri, uyu mugore kandi numunyamakuru ukorera [[Ikigo gishinzwe iterambere mu Rwanda|ikigo]] cy'igihugu cyitangaza makuru (RBA) ukunzwe nabatari bake hano murwanda<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/sinema/article/yarwaye-covid-19-inshuro-ebyiri-na-kanseri-ibyo-utamenye-ku-buzima-bwa-uwineza |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-10 |archive-date=2022-04-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220430190501/https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/sinema/article/yarwaye-covid-19-inshuro-ebyiri-na-kanseri-ibyo-utamenye-ku-buzima-bwa-uwineza |url-status=dead }}</ref> . == Umwuga == Uwineza amaze imyaka irenga 17 yinjiye Umumwuga witangazamakuru akaba yaranaryize muri kaminuza y'ishuri gatolika rya kabgayi (ICK).Yatangiriye akazi kuri Radio Maria Rwanda yahamaze imyaka irindwi ahavuye ajya gukorera kuri Radio salus iherereye mucyahoze ari Butare naho yahamaze imyaka ibiriri ahavuye nibwo yaje gukorera Radio Rwanda kuva (2010)<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://nkundagospel.rw/2022/02/23/byinshi-kuri-clarisse-uwineza-umunyamakuru-akaba-numukristu/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-10 |archive-date=2022-02-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220223181045/https://nkundagospel.rw/2022/02/23/byinshi-kuri-clarisse-uwineza-umunyamakuru-akaba-numukristu/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> kugera ubungubu Clarisse yumvikana mubiganiro bitandukanye birimo "kazi ni kazi,Amahumbezina ntarungu" ntarungu nikiganiro gikunzwe na benshii aho yibanda kukwigisha k'urukundo ndetse no gususurutsa abantu mumasaha y'ijoro. == Ibyutamenye. == <ref><nowiki>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/86999/umunyamakuru-clarisse-uwineza-wa-rba-yavuze-ibihe-bikomeye-yanyuzemo-muri-2018-birimo-no-g-86999.html</nowiki></ref>Clarisse Uwineza uzwi nka"Clara" Uzwi mubiganiro byurukundo mumasaha yijoro kuri Radiyo Rwanda Avuga ko taliki 23 Ukwakira atazayibagirwa mubuzima bwe, kuko iyo Taliki aribwo yibweho Umwana we winfura. gusa Uwo mwana yaje kumubona nyuma y'umwaka nigice ahamagawe numuntu uba hanze Y'Igihugu<ref><nowiki>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/71682/ubuhamya-bw-umunyamakuru-clarisse-uwineza-bw-uko-yibwe-umwan-71682.html</nowiki></ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Mumwaka 2020 nibwo uyumugore yatangiye gukina film aho yagaragaye muri film y'uruhererekane yitwa [[Indoto]] na [[city maid]] bica kuri Televison [[Rwanda]] ,iyimampano yogukina [[Filimi ya Seburikoko|film]] ayifatanya nitangazamakuru ndetse nivugabutumwa, aho afite ubuhamya bwuko yarwaye cancer y'inkondo yumura ndetse anarwaye COVID-19 ubugira kabiri hamwe nabana be babiri. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore]] i6r172ryh74ji4sar76kluwjlumfs2x 0 10584 149031 145628 2026-11-06T09:41:44Z Baraka official 17008 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 149031 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jeanne d'Arc Uwimanimpaye''' (yavutse 15 Kanama 1978) ni [[Rwanda|umunyarwandakazi w']]<nowiki/>umunyapolitiki . Yabaye umunyamuryango w'inteko ishinga amategeko [[Umutwe w’Abadepite|Umutwe w’abadepite]] kuva mu 2008. Kuva mu 2013 kugeza 2018, yabaye Visi Perezida w’Umutwe w'abadepite. <ref name="Details">[https://www.parliament.gov.rw/index.php?id=125&width=650&detailId=427 Members Details], [[Parliament of Rwanda]].</ref><ref>https://www.burera.gov.rw/ahabanza</ref> Uwimanimpaye Jeanne d'Arc yagiye agira ibwirwa ruhame zizi kandi zikomeye nkaho yavuzeko, igihugu cyacu cy’u Rwanda cyari gisanzwe gifite ubundi ikirere kiza ndetse ko ari na byo byatumye abantu benshi birara ntibashyireho ingamba zihamye kandi zifatika zo guhangana n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere, yibasira ibihugu bitandukanye mu [[Ibiyaga Bigari|biyaga bigari]] birimo n’u [[Rwanda]] hatari ikibazo cy’ inzara atari byo namba, ahubwo ko icyabaye ahubwo ari ibura ry’umusaruro w’ubuhinzi uhagije mu baturage bigatuma abantu batabona amafunguro menshi kandi meza, nk’uko byari bisanzwe, bakabifata nk’ikibazo cy'inzara ariko atari byo .<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ar.umuseke.rw/depite-j-darc-ngo-nta-nzara-iri-mu-rwanda-ngo-icyabaye-ni-ukutijuta-nkibisanzwe.hmtl |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-08-12 |archive-date=2023-08-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230812133520/https://ar.umuseke.rw/depite-j-darc-ngo-nta-nzara-iri-mu-rwanda-ngo-icyabaye-ni-ukutijuta-nkibisanzwe.hmtl |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ubuzima == Uwimanimpaye Jeanne d'Arc yarangije muri Economics muri [[Kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda|kaminuza nkuru y'u Rwanda]] . Mbere yo kwinjira mu Nteko, yakoraga nk'umwarimu w’ishuri ry'isumbuye, ndetse no mu nzego z'ibanze nk'umugenzuzi w'imbere mu karere akaba n'umukozi ushinzwe imibanire rusange<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/kabura-basanga-kagame-yarakoze-byinshi-igihe-kimubana-gito-ku-buryo-bifuza</ref>. == umwuga == Uwimanimpaye yinjiye mu Nteko Ishinga Amategeko mu matora y’abadepite yo mu Rwanda mu 2008, nk'umwe mu bahagarariye [[Umugore|abagore]] batandatu mu [[Intara y’Iburasirazuba|Ntara y'Iburasirazuba]] . <ref>Civil Society Election Observation Mission, [https://web.archive.org/web/20211119091610/http://www.rcsprwanda.org/IMG/pdf/CSEOM_final_report-englishfinal_2008.pdf Final Report: Rwandan Parliamentary Elections], November 17, 2008. Accessed May 3, 2020.</ref> Mu mwaka wa 2010, yagiye mu [[Ubwongereza|Bwongereza]] nk'indorerezi y'amatora ya Commonwealth ku matora rusange yo mu [[Bwongereza]] 2010 . <ref>[https://www.parliament.uk/documents/CPA/Publications-Reports/20100525-COT-Final-Report.pdf Commonwealth Observer Team to the UK General Election 2010: Final Report], 2010. Accessed May 3, 2020.</ref> Mu matora y’abadepite 2013, Uwimanimpaye yasubijwe mu mutwe w’abadepite nk'uhagarariye abagore mu Ntara y'Iburasirazuba. <ref>Edwin Musoni, [https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/69304 Former speaker, 11 others bounce back as women representatives], ''The New Times'', September 19, 2013. Accessed May 3, 2020.</ref> Mu Kwakira 2013, yatorewe kuba Visi Perezida wungirije ushinzwe kugenzura no gushyiraho amategeko, ahabwa amajwi 70 kuri 80. <ref>James Karuhanga, [https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/69713 Donatille Mukabalisa is new Speaker], ''The New Times'', October 5, 2013. Accessed May 3, 2020.</ref> Nk’Umuvugizi wungirije, yerekanye icyifuzo cyo kwemerera [[Paul Kagame|Perezida Kagame]] kwiyamamariza manda ya gatatu, nyuma y’uko icyifuzo cyari kimaze gusinywa na miliyoni 3.8<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ar.umuseke.rw/tag/jeanne-darc-uwimanimpaye |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-14 |archive-date=2022-05-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220514150802/https://ar.umuseke.rw/tag/jeanne-darc-uwimanimpaye |url-status=dead }}</ref> Uwimanimpaye yatoranijwe nk'umukandida wa [[Ishyaka FPR-Inkotanyi|FPR-Inkotanyi]] mu matora y'abadepite yo mu 2018, <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20220220021814/https://www.ktpress.rw/2018/07/rpf-selects-70-candidates-for-parliamentary-polls/ RPF Selects 70 Candidates for Parliamentary Polls], July 8, 2018. Accessed May 3, 2020.</ref> atorerwa guhagararira [[Akarere ka Gatsibo]] mu Ntara y'Iburasirazuba. <ref name="Details"/> Yeguye ku mwanya wa Perezida wungirije, asimburwa na [[Edda Mukabagwiza]] wa FPR-Inkotanyi. <ref>Athan Tashobya, [https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/mukabalisa-re-elected-speaker-parliament Mukabalisa re-elected Speaker of Parliament], ''The New Times'', September 20, 2018.</ref> Muri Nzeri 2019, Uwimanimpaye yasabye ko hakorwa iperereza ku kibazo cy’amafaranga cyerekeranye n’amasoko yatanzwe n’ikigo cy’ubuhinzi cy’u [[Rwanda]], <ref>Michel Nkurunziza, [https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/pac-wants-rab-officials-investigated PAC wants RAB officials investigated], ''The New Times'', September 18, 2019. Accessed May 3, 2020.</ref> kandi anenga amasoko yatanzwe n’ikigo gishinzwe amakoperative mu [[Rwanda]] . <ref>[https://www.ktpress.rw/2019/09/delayed-automation-of-saccos-could-cost-govt-rwf5bn/ Delayed Automation of Saccos Could Cost Gov’t Rwf5Bn], ''The New Times'', September 26, 2019. Accessed May 3, 2020.</ref><ref>https://bwiza.com/?Ntawabuza-inyombya-kuyomba-Depite-Jeanne-d-Arc-Uwimanimpaye</ref> == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Abagore ba abayobozi]] [[Ikiciro:Umunyarwandakazi]] {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y’u Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Inteko ishinga amategeko]] 5zfuemxgbohw7h377thfw54sdg9leqz 0 12854 149027 137274 2026-11-06T09:37:47Z Baraka official 17008 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 149027 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:2013-06-05 13-32-12 Rwanda Kigali - Muhima.JPG|thumb|Muhima]] Ibitaro bya muhima byahoze ari ishami byibitaro bikuru bya kaminuza CHUK. ishingano nyamukuru yabyo yari ukubyaza. nyuma byaje kugirwa ibya [[Akarere ka Nyarugenge|karere ka nyarugenge]]. Ibitaro bya Muhima ni ibitaro biherereye mu [[Rwanda Mountain Tea|Rwanda]] mu Karere ka Nyarugenge aho ubu byatangiye gutanga nizindi serivisi zubuvuzi<ref>[https://umuryango.rw/amakuru/mu-rwanda/ubuzima/article/umuyobozi-w-ibitaro-bya-muhima-yikomye-itangazamakuru Umuyobozi w’ ibitaro bya Muhima yikomye itangazamakuru - Umuryango.rw]</ref>. == Umwihariko w' ibitaro bya Muhima == [[Ibitaro bya Kaminuza by’i Kigali|Ibitaro]] bya Muhima nkuko twabivuze haruguru biherereye mu Karere ka Nyarugenge, ni ibitaro bifite umwihariko wo kwita ku bagore batwite n'abana ariko bitanga n'izindi serivisi z'ingenzi mu buvuzi ku bivuza bataha.<ref>https://www.rba.co.rw/post/Akarere-ka-Nyarugenge-kagatangaje-ko-ibitaro-bya-Muhima-biye-kwagurwa</ref> Serivisi zitangwa n'Ibitaro bya Muhima: * Serivisi zitangwa n'ubuyobozi * Kwakira abivuza bataha * Indwara z'ababyeyi no kubyaza * Indwara z'abana * Indwara z'impinja * Indwara z'amenyo * Indwara zo mu mutwe * Insimburangingo n'Inyunganirangingo * Indwara zitandura (NCDs) * Gupima ibizamini * Ubujyanama ku bwandu bwa [[SIDA]] * Gusuzuma no gukurikirana abarwaye indwara z'umwijima (Hepatite B na C) n' igituntu * Guca mu cyuma * Gusuzuma kanseri y'inkondo y'umura * Kuboneza urubyaro * Indwara z'amaso * kwakira abahuye n'ihohoterwa<ref>kwakira abahuye n'ihohoterwa</ref>[[Dosiye:Baby born.jpg|thumb|Umubyeyi wa byaye]] == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} afuozjl459t8ie0r1atr6fydepo96f1 0 13181 149026 135697 2026-11-06T09:37:33Z Baraka official 17008 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 149026 wikitext text/x-wiki Hategekimana Bonheur ni umunyezamu wa [[Rayon sports fc|Rayon Sports]] yaguze mu ikipe ya Espoir FC yo mu [[Akarere ka Rusizi|karere ka Rusizi]]. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://rayonsports.rw/team/38 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-29 |archive-date=2022-09-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220929123942/https://rayonsports.rw/team/38 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amateka == === Urugendo rwa ruhago === Hetegekimana Bonheur [https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/87843/hategekimana-bonheur-yahawe-amasezerano-mashya-muri-as-kigali-87843.html umunyezamu waciye]<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/87843/hategekimana-bonheur-yahawe-amasezerano-mashya-muri-as-kigali-87843.html</ref> muri Kiyovu Sport mbere yo kugana muri [[AS Kigali]], kuri ubu yari amaze igice cy’umwaka w’imikino nta masezerano afite. Gusa magingo aya yahawe amasezerano y’imyaka ibiri muri AS Kigali n’ubundi asanzwemo. [https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/football/article/rayon-sports-yatsinzwe-na-vipers-sc-ku-munsi-w-igikundiro ubu akaba ari muri Rayon Sports]<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/football/article/rayon-sports-yatsinzwe-na-vipers-sc-ku-munsi-w-igikundiro</ref>. === Umukinnyi === * Uburebure:  1.75 cm * Ibiro:  80.00 kg * Italiki y'amavuko:  11-05 == Reba aha == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi]] [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa Ruhago]] s6xsfua5cji9pxq3gl3ezmoioea8tx9 0 13593 149002 90380 2026-11-05T12:01:03Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 149002 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Umushinga w’imigano w’igihugu cya Costa Rica''' watangijwe mu mwaka w'1986 ufite intego ebyiri zawo ni ukugabanya ibikorwa byo gutema amashyamba ahubwo hagaterwa ibiti by'imigano bigasimbuzwa ibyatemwe nk’ibikoresho by’ibanze byubaka no bifasha kubona amazu ahendutse ku bakene bo mu cyaro cya [[Kosita Rika|Costa Rica]] . Mu guhinga no kubaka hamwe n’imiterere kavukire y’imigano minini yitwa Guadua, Umushinga w’imigano w’igihugu washoboye gukusanya amazu ibihumbi n’ibihumbi ku bakene, ugirira akamaro ibidukikije, ndetse no guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga rishingiye ku migano. Mu mwaka w'1995, umushinga w’imigano w’igihugu washyikirijwe Fondasiyo ya FUNBAMBU ishinzwe kubungabunga no gukomeza inshingano z’umushinga wo kubaka amazu y’imigano ihendutse. [[Dosiye:Japanese_Bamboo_Grove.jpg|thumb|ibiti by'imigano]] == Amashakiro yo hanze == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20041213235828/http://www.sutton.com/resourcecentre/Home_Maintenance/bamboo.html Umugano: Ibikoresho byubaka bidasanzwe] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090430195405/http://www.inbar.int/housing/other%20housing%20activities.htm INBAR: Umuyoboro mpuzamahanga wa Bamboo na Rattan] sznnuzgznu2ywwtc5szopw8jke3ycp1 0 13784 149003 144907 2026-11-05T12:27:04Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 149003 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Igiti 5062.jpg|thumb|Urubyiruko ruri guhugurwa kubijyanye n'ubuhinzi|152x152px]] == Uruhare rw'Urubyiruko Mu Ubuhinzi == Mu mwaka 2021 Ikigo cy’urubyiruko gikora iyamamazabuhinzi mu [[Rwanda]] YEAN (Youth Engagement in Agriculture Network), ku bufatanye na Mastercard Foundation basabye urubyiruko gushora imari mu buhinzi buteye imbere.<ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/urubyiruko-rwahamagariwe-gushora-mu-buhinzi-buteye-imbere-burimo-n-ubudakoresha</ref>by'umwihariko bagahinga ndetse bagasagurira amasoko. [[Dosiye:Women planting rice (6058884969).jpg|thumb|Abahinzi|156x156px]] == Ibyo Wamenya k'Urubyiruko mu buhinzi == [[Dosiye:Youth Tours.jpg|thumb|Urubyiruko mu buhinzi|166x166px]] Guverineri w’Intara y’Iburengerazuba,yavuze ko atumva ukuntu hakiri urubyiruko rudafite imirimo kandi ubuhinzi bw’icyayi ari isoko y’amafaranga, itabyazwa umusaruro uko bikwiye.Yavuzeko usanga nk’uruganda rumwe rukoresha abantu 5000 ku kwezi, urumva ushyizemo n’imiryango batunze ni abantu benshi bafatika ku buryo twifuza kongera ubuhinzi bw’icyayi mu Ntara yabo, tukongera n’abakozi bakoramo, ariko kandi tukanongera umusaruro kuri hegitari kuko tugifite amahirwe yo kuzamura uwo musaruro.Icyakora, uruhare rw’urubyiruko rw’u[[Rwanda]] mu bikorwa by’ubuhinzi no gutunganya umusaruro bisa nk’aho bikiri hasi.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/iburengerazuba-urubyiruko-rweretswe-amahirwe-y-ishoramari-mu-buhinzi-bw-icyayi |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230218102747/https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/iburengerazuba-urubyiruko-rweretswe-amahirwe-y-ishoramari-mu-buhinzi-bw-icyayi |archive-date=2023-02-18 |url-status=dead}}</ref>Mu [[Rwanda]] haboneka umusaruro wa kawa uri hagati ya toni ibihumbi 16 n’ibihumbi 21 ku mwaka, zihingwa ku buso bungana na hegitari ibihumbi 42.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubuhinzi/ubuhinzi/article/ubuke-bw-urubyiruko-mu-buhinzi-bwa-kawa-butuma-umusaruro-utiyongera</ref>Ubuhinzi kandi butanga akazi ku bajya kungana na bibiri bya gatatu by’abaturage bose bageze igihe cyo gukora.Kuri ubu Intara y’Iburengerazuba ihinga kuri hegitari zikabakaba 16,158, ku musaruro mpuzandengo wa toni 6 n’ibiro 600 by’amababi kuri hegitari.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/iburengerazuba-urubyiruko-rweretswe-amahirwe-y-ishoramari-mu-buhinzi-bw-icyayi |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230218102747/https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/iburengerazuba-urubyiruko-rweretswe-amahirwe-y-ishoramari-mu-buhinzi-bw-icyayi |archive-date=2023-02-18 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Urubyiruko rukora ubuhinzi rwashyiriweho amahirwe azarufasha kwiteza imbere == Urubyiruko rukora umwuga w’ubuhinzi rwashyiriweho amahirwe agamije gufasha abari muri urwo rwego kwiteza imbere, binyuze mu kubafasha muri gahunda zitandukanye zirimo guhabwa igishoro. Urubyiruko ni bamwe mu cyiciro cy’Abanyarwanda batagaragara cyane mu buhinzi ugereranyije n’ibindi byiciro, kubera ko mbere ari umwuga wafatwaga nk’uw’abantu bakuze kandi baciriritse. Ibi byatumye benshi mu rubyiruko by’umwihariko abageze mu ishuri batibona cyane muri uwo mwuga, bituma umubare wabo uba mucye ugereranyije n’abandi Banyarwanda. Kuri ubu Leta y’u Rwanda yagiye ishyiraho gahunda zitandukanye hagamijwe kugira ngo abari muri ubwo buhinzi babukore kinyamwuga kandi na bo bibafashe kwiteza imbere, bitandukanye na mbere aho umuntu yahingiraga kubona icyo arya gusa. [[Dosiye:Agriculture work 1.jpg|thumb|urubyiruko |153x153px]] Mu rwego rwo gushishikariza urubyiruko gukora ubuhinzi kandi mu buryo bwa kinyamwuga, umushinga Hinga Wunguke ufatanyije na Shora Neza,tariki 14 Nzeri 2023 basinyanye amasezerano y’ubufatanye agamije gufasha urubyiruko rukora ubuhinzi kwiteza imbere binyuze mu kubaha igishoro. Umukozi ushinzwe imirire myiza no kugeza abahinzi ku isoko muri Hinga Wunguke, Jeanne d’Arc Nyirajyambere, avuga ko amasezerano basinyanye na Shora Neza agamije kugira ngo bongere umubare w’urubyiruko ruri mu buhinzi mu bijyanye n’ibihingwa bitandukanye bazakoraho hamwe no kubafasha kugeza umusaruro wabo ku isoko. Ati “Muri aya masezerano, muri iyi myaka itanu, tuzafatanya kugira ngo byibuze abahinzi miliyoni babashe kugezwa ku isoko, babone amafaranga, babashe gukora ubuhinzi buvuguruye, cyangwa se ubucuruzi bushingiye ku buhinzi kandi babashe no guhindura imirire, bagire imirire myiza.” Laurent Urimubenshi ni umuhuzabikorwa w’umushinga Shora Neza. Avuga ko ari umushinga ugamije guteza imbere ubuhinzi n’ubworozi ariko hagamijwe gutanga imirimo myinshi ku rubyiruko nka bamwe mu bagize igice kinini cy’Abanyarwanda. Ati “Hari ibyo Shora Neza ishobora gukora ku rubyiruko ariko bikenera imbaraga zikorwa na Hinga Wunguke, icyo gihe Hinga Wunguke izazamo. Hari n’ibyo Hinga Wunguke ikora ariko wenda bisaba ko urubyiruko ruzamo, icyo gihe Shora Neza izazamo, izanemo izo mbaraga zo kuzamura urubyiruko.” Uhagarariye Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku biribwa mu Rwanda, Andrea Bagnoli, nka bamwe mu baterankunga b’umushinga Shora Neza, avuga ko amasezerano basinye agamije kugira ngo barusheho guteza imbere ubuhinzi hafashwa ababukora kubukora neza, hagamijwe gutanga ubumenyi ku bari muri uwo mwuga. Ati “Turashaka kugira ngo Abanyarwanda bose babone ibiribwa bihagije, kandi bikungahaye ku ntungamubiri, ku buryo buri wese ashobora kubibona mu buryo bumworoheye. Ni igishoro dushaka gushyira mu rubyiruko nk’ejo hazaza h’Igihugu. Nahoze ndeba nsanga abarenga 70% by’abaturage b’iki Gihugu ari urubyiruko. Uramutse ushoye muri icyo cyiciro ntabwo ahazaza h’Igihugu hashobora kuba habi, kandi izo ni zo nshingano zacu.”[[Dosiye:Group of people who plant trees.jpg|thumb|Urubyiruko rurimo kwita kubiibihingwa|158x158px]]Biteganyijwe ko umushinga Hinga Wunguke mu myaka itanu uzamara uzakorera mu Turere 13, iyo myaka ikazarangira utwaye miliyoni zirenga 29 z’Amadolari ya Amerika, ugeze no ku bahinzi bagera kuri miliyoni biganjemo urubyiruko n’abagore b’abahinzi bato byibura bahinga ku buso buri munsi ya hegitari eshanu, mu gihe Shora Neza ifite ingengo y’imari ingana na miliyoni 15 z’Amadolari azakoreshwa muri iyo myaka itanu.<ref>https://www.google.com/search?q=urubyiruko+igihe.com&oq=&gs_lcrp=EgZjaHJvbWUqCQgBEEUYOxjCAzIJCAAQRRg7GMIDMgkIARBFGDsYwgMyCQgCEEUYOxjCAzIJCAMQRRg7GMIDMgkIBBBFGDsYwgMyCQgFEEUYOxjCAzIJCAYQRRg7GMIDMgkIBxBFGDsYwgPSAQoxNjQxODJqMGo3qAIIsAIB&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8#ip=1</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] g43mgp1krydsb1xiptmmhqcsft6irdo 0 13917 149021 90927 2026-11-06T09:35:35Z Baraka official 17008 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 149021 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Aïssa_Djermouni_(1886_-1946).jpg|right|thumb|Ishusho igaragaza Aissa]] '''Aïssa Djermouni''' cyangwa '''Aïssa El Jermouni''' cyangwa '''Aissa Merzougui''' cyangwa '''Aïssa L'Jarmouni''' (1886–1946) ni umusizi wo muri [[Aligeriya|Alijeriya]] akaba n'umuririmbyi ukomoka muri Berber . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.lesoirdalgerie.com/articles/2006/07/08/article.php?sid=40790&cid=16 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140519022359/http://www.lesoirdalgerie.com/articles/2006/07/08/article.php?sid=40790&cid=16 |archive-date=19 May 2014 |access-date=25 August 2013}}</ref> == Ubuzima == Aïssa Djermouni yavukiye i M'toussa (Kenchela) mu 1886, Merzoug akomoka muri federasiyo ikomeye y’imiryango ya Berber Aïth Kerkath (H'rakta mu [[Icyarabu|cyarabu]]) ikora ku karere kari hagati ya Batna, Khenchela na Aïn Beïda mu majyepfo ya Constantinois; ishami abarizwamo ni Igerman, bityo bigaragaza imvano y'izina rye Jermouni. Akomoka mu muryango w'abahinzi. Impresario ye yari Umuyahudi kavukire, Bwana Snoussi, wamumenyekanishije kuri sosiyete itunganya amajwi n'ibihangano nka Philips, Ouardaphone, nizindi guhera mu myaka ya za mirongo itatu. == Inkomoko == * [[Igitabo]], Ounissi. Mohamed. Salah : Aïssa L'Jarmouni, champion de la chanson aurésienne, ANEP, Rouiba, 2000, Alijeriya. * Igitabo, La culture africiane: le symposium d'Alger, 21 juillet-1er août 1969, Société nationale d'édition et de diffusion, 1969. == Reba == {{Reflist}} == Inkomoko == * [https://books.google.com/books?id=OQhyAAAAMAAJ&q=aissa+jermouni Encyclopédie berbere muri ligne] {{In lang|fr}} * [https://books.google.com/books?id=HA4UAQAAIAAJ&q=jermouni igitabo google inligne] f2590oy2t0jw6d01gx25dtd6irs82x8 0 15778 149029 138768 2026-11-06T09:40:38Z Baraka official 17008 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 149029 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Urban wetlands protection and advocacy Campaign in Rwanda.png|thumb|umushinga wo gutunganya ibishanga]] [[Dosiye:Ibisha.jpg|thumb|Gutunganya Ibishanga.]] Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe n’umuryango mpuzamahanga urengera ibidukikije, ARCOS, bwerekanye ko ubudahangarwa bw’ibishanga cyane cyane ibyo muri [[Kigali]] bwangiritse ku gipimo cya 65%. == Ibyo wamenya ku Ibishanga by'Umujyi wa Kigali == Igishushanyombonera cy’imitunganyirize y’ibi bishanga kigaragaza ko Umujyi wa [[Kigali]] ufite ubuso bungana na kilometero kare 15.76 (20%) bugizwe n’ibishanga hamwe n’imibande.Ibishanga byo hepfo y’i Gikondo nka Rwandex na Rwampara kugera Nyabugogo, ndetse na Gacuriro, Mulindi na Masaka, bigomba gutunganywa mu gihe cy’imyaka itanu guhereye muri Nyakanga mu mwaka 2021.Ibishanga byitaweho cyane ku ikubitiro ni icya Rwandex, Rwampara, icya Masaka, mubindi bikorwa bizahakorerwa birenze kuhatera ibiti ni uko hazashyiirwa ibiyaga, hazashyirwa serivisi zifasha abantu gukora siporo, abakoze ubukwe baze kuhifotoreza. <ref name=":0">https://www.kigalitoday.com/ibidukikije/ibungabunga/article/ibishanga-by-i-kigali-bikomeje-gutunganywa-bizashyirwamo-ibinyabuzima-nk-inyoni-n-ibinyugunyugu</ref>Hazaterwa indabo hazanwe ibinyabuzima birimo inyoni zari zaracitse i [[Kigali]], ibinyugugu,…mbese nk’uko ubibona uko Nyandungu yakozwe.Byari biteganyijwe ko amafaranga azajya aboneka ibishanga nk’icya UTEXRWA na Nyabugogo na byo bizatunganywa, ariko icy’ingenzi ari ukubanza gukuramo ibikorwa byose birimo, kugira ngo ibyo bishanga bibashe kwakira no kubika amazi yose ava muri Kigali.Inkunga yatanzwe na Banki y’Isi kugira ngo ivugurure [[Kigali]] n’imijyi itandatu iwunganira, yaje ari icyiciro cya kabiri cy’umushinga wiswe ‘[[Rwanda]] Urban Development (RUDP)’ uzamara imyaka itanu kuva mu mwaka 2021 kugeza mu mwaka wa 2025.<ref>https://igihe.com/ubukerarugendo/ahantu-nyaburanga/article/umujyi-wa-kigali-ugiye-gushaka-abazatunganya-ibindi-bishanga-mu-isura-ya</ref> [[Dosiye:Nyandungu Urban Wetland Eco-Tourism Park medicinal garden 01.jpg|thumb|igishanga cya Nyandungu nacyo kiri mubyatunganyijwe kigirwa ahantu nyaburanga]] === Uko Umushinga waruhagaze === [[Dosiye:Igishanga.jpg|thumb|igishanga]] MININFRA mu mwaka wa 2021 Kamena, yatangaje ko Banki y’Isi n’Ikigega cy’Isi gitera inkunga ibidukikije (GEF), ndetse n’ikigega cyitwa Nordic Development Fund (NDF), byatanze inguzanyo y’Amadolari ya [[Amerika]] ya miliyoni 170 (ahwanye n’Amafaranga y’u [[Rwanda]] miliyari 170).Muri ayo mafaranga hakaba haragombaga kuvamo amadolari ya [[Amerika]] miliyoni 50 (ni miliyari 50 z’Amanyarwanda) yagenewe kubaka ibikorwaremezo, gutera ibimera bibungabunga ibishanga by’i [[Kigali]] no kuzanamo ibisimba bimwe byahacitse kugeza ubu bikiboneka muri [[Pariki ya Nyungwe]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ar.umuseke.rw/ibishanga-byumujyi-wa-kigali-byugarijwe-nimyubakire-inyuranyije-namategeko.hmtl |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-26 |archive-date=2023-03-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326113316/https://ar.umuseke.rw/ibishanga-byumujyi-wa-kigali-byugarijwe-nimyubakire-inyuranyije-namategeko.hmtl |url-status=dead }}</ref>Uyu mushinga watangiraga mu mwaka wa 2021 muri Nyakanga, MININFRA yavugaga ko miliyoni zigera ku 120 z’Amadolari ya [[Amerika]] yasigaye nyuma yo gukuramo 50 yo gutunganya ibishanga by’i [[Kigali]], azakoreshwa mu guteza imbere imijyi ya [[Akarere ka Huye|Huye]], Muhanga, Rusizi, [[Rubavu]], Nyagatare na Musanze.Icyiciro cya mbere cya RUDP, Banki y’Isi yari yagihaye amadolari ya [[Amerika]] agera kuri miliyoni 100, aho kuva mu mwaka wa 2016 kugera mu mwaka wa 2021 [[Kigali]] yubatswemo imihanda yo mu makaritiye ireshya na kilomero 54.<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] e1z4fs3og9p8f6mgimjyoqliwi1c712 0 15782 149023 145755 2026-11-06T09:36:12Z Baraka official 17008 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 149023 wikitext text/x-wiki Muvumba ni [[uruzi]] ruherereye mu majyaruguru .y'uburasirazuba bw'u [[Rwanda]] no mu majyepfo y'uburengerazuba [[Ubugande|bwa Uganda]]. Ibice byo hejuru byamazi ya [[Nili]]. Kuri Birometero 170 z'uburebure, ni rumwe mu nzuzi runini 'mu Rwanda haba mu bunini no mu bukungu. Amzi yuru Ruzi Yifashishwa mu guhinga icyayi mu butumburuke bwo mu majyaruguru yu Rwanda no mu majyepfo y’iburengerazuba bwa Uganda. Inzira yacyo yo hasi itanga amazi kubice byumye bya [[Akarere ka Nyagatare|Nyagatare]], byorohereza kuhira imirima yumuceri nibindi bihingwa kimwe no gutanga amazi y'[[inka]] muri kano gace kugirango borore inka. == Amasomo == Uruzi rufata isoko i Rukomo mu [[Akarere ka Gicumbi|karere ka Gicumbi]] hafi y'umujyi wa Byumba mu misozi miremire yo mu majyaruguru y'u Rwanda. Mwisoko, yitwa uruzi rwa Mulindi. Uyu mugezi ni ingenzi cyane mubukungu kuko ikibaya cyacyo n’ibibaya by’inzuzi zacyo birumbuka kandi birimo ibihingwa by’icyayi. Rumwe mu ruganda runini rw'icyayi mu Rwanda, Uruganda rwa Mulindi Factory tea ruherereye ku uru ruzi. Mulindi itemba mu majyaruguru kuri 28 km hanyuma yinjira muri Uganda. rumaze kwinjira muri Uganda, ruhindura izina ruva mu ruzi rwa Mulindi ruhinduka uruzi rwa Rwabakazi. Rwabakazi ikomeza mu majyaruguru, hanyuma imaze kugera mu mujyi wa Kabale, uruzi ruhindura inzira kandi rutemba mu cyerekezo rusange cyo mu majyepfo y'iburasirazuba yerekeza mu Rwanda. Iki gice cyumugezi wa Muvumba muri Uganda (Umugezi wa Rwabakazi) gifite uburebure bwa km 55. Uruzi rusubira mu Rwanda mu Karere ka Nyagatare rugafata izina Umugezi wa Muvumba. Ihita itemba yerekeza mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba bwa kilometero 87 ikisuka mu [[Umugezi wa Kagera|ruzi rwa Akagera]] ahitwa Kagitumba, inyabutatu ihuza u Rwanda, Uganda na Tanzaniya. Kuri kilometero 30 yanyuma yinzira zayo, uruzi rugize umupaka uhuza u Rwanda na Uganda. == Ubukungu == Muvumba river ifite ikibaya gihingwa cyane. Inzira yo hejuru yinzuzi mu misozi yintara yamajyaruguru mu Rwanda no mu Karere ka Kabale muri Uganda ifite ibibaya bigufi bikoreshwa cyane nko guhinga icyayi. Uruzi rutanga amazi kumigezi itabarika ifasha kuvomera imirima. Kubera iyo mpamvu, uruzi rwangiritse igice kinini ahantu henshi kugirango igenzure amazi kandi irebe ko haboneka amazi no mugihe cyizuba. Mu bice bidahingwa byicyayi, ikibaya gikoreshwa mubuhinzi butunze Benci. Iyo uruzi rwongeye kwinjira mu Rwanda, rutemba mu turere tw’imisozi ahantu hahanamye kandi hahanamye cyane. Inzira zose z'ikibaya cy'umugezi wa Muvumba zikunda kwibasirwa n'umwuzure kubera imvura nyinshi igwa mu misozi yo mu majyaruguru yayo. Ibi bizwiho kuzana imyuzure ikabije ndetse no mu bice byo hepfo yuruzi ubusanzwe bitagira imvura nyinshi. Iyi myuzure ishobora guhagarika inzira yo hepfo yuruzi, igafunga imihanda nikiraro mugihe nayo yangiza cyane ibihingwa. == Ibinyabuzima ni Bimera == Hanze y'ubuhinzi bunini, imigezi yo hepfo ishyigikira ishyamba rinini. Iri shyamba rifunganye rirashobora kuba ryinshi kandi ntirishobora kwambuka, kandi rikubiyemo ubwoko bwinshi bwibiti bya savanna. Ubwoko bwinshi bwinyoni buboneka muri kariya gace, ubwinshi muri bwo ni heron na egrets. Amatungo magufi y’inyamaswa n’ibikururukanda Inyamaswa nini zo mu mazi nka Invubu, ningona za Nili zishobora kandi kuboneka mubice byegeranye n’isangano ry'umugezi munini wa Akagera. Izi nyamaswa zizwiho kugenda zerekeza hejuru cyane cyane mugihe cyumwuzure utera guhitana abaturage baho batabizi batamenyereye aya matungo kuba kure cyane. == Reba == {{Reflist}} '''Inkomoko'''   <nowiki>http://en.igihe.com/IMG/pdf/Hydrological_Bulletin_No_06.pdf</nowiki> 3jb4827wc456gxlb4dftoi9w1io10eb 0 17359 149028 148761 2026-11-06T09:39:15Z Baraka official 17008 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 149028 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Automatic taxobox | taxon = Chamaeleonidae | authority = Rafinesque, 1815 | image = Rough chameleon (Trioceros rudis).jpg | image_caption = ''Trioceros rudis'' hafi y'[[Ikirunga cya Karisimbi]] mu [[Rwanda]] }} '''Uruvu''' (izina ry'ubumenyi: ''Chamaeleonidae''; mu [[Igifaransa|Gifaransa]] ''caméléon'', mu [[Icyongereza|Cyongereza]] ''chameleon'') ni umuryango w'ibikururanda. Uruvu ruba cyane cyane muri [[Afurika]] no muri [[Madagasikari]]. Uruvu ruzwi kubera ko ruhindura ibara ry'uruhu. Rufite kandi ururimi rurerure n'amaso areba mu byerekezo bibiri icyarimwe. == Imiterere == [[Dosiye:Panther chameleon (Furcifer pardalis) male Montagne d’Ambre 3.jpg|thumb|left|''Furcifer pardalis'' wo muri Madagasikari]] Hari amoko arenga 150 y'uruvu.<ref name="sdz">{{Cite web |url=https://animals.sandiegozoo.org/animals/chameleon |title=Chameleon |website=San Diego Zoo Animals & Plants |access-date=2026-11-03 |language=en}}</ref> Amoko menshi aba muri Afurika no muri Madagasikari. Andi aba muri [[Aziya]] no mu [[Burayi]].<ref name="sdz"/> Uruvu rufatisha umurizo ku mashami y'ibiti. Ibirenge byarwo bifite amano agabanyijemo amatsinda abiri. Ayo mano arufasha kugundira amashami.<ref name="sdz"/> Amaso y'uruvu ahindukira buri rimwe ukwaryo. Uruvu rushobora kureba mu byerekezo bibiri icyarimwe.<ref name="umuryango">{{Cite web |url=https://umuryango.rw/ad-restricted/article/menya-imibereho-itangaje-y-uruvu-utari-uzi |title=Menya imibereho itangaje y'uruvu utari uzi |website=Umuryango |author=Muhire Jason |date=2018-09-01 |access-date=2026-11-03 |language=rw}}</ref><ref name="sdz"/> == Ihinduka ry'ibara == Uruvu ruhindura ibara ry'uruhu bitewe n'amarangamutima yarwo, nk'uburakari cyangwa ubwoba. Ibara rihinduka kandi bitewe n'urumuri, [[ubushyuhe]] n'ubuhehere.<ref name="umuryango"/> Abantu benshi batekereza ko uruvu ruhindura ibara kugira ngo rwisanishe n'aho ruri. Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko atari ko biri.<ref name="umuryango"/> == Imirire == Uruvu rurya cyane cyane udukoko, nk'inzige. Amoko manini arya kandi [[inyoni]] nto.<ref name="sdz"/> Uruvu rufata umuhigo rukoresheje ururimi. Ururimi rwarwo rushobora kureshya n'inshuro ebyiri z'uburebure bw'umubiri.<ref name="umuryango"/> == Imyororokere == Amoko amwe y'uruvu atera amagi. Amoko mato atera amagi hagati ya 2 na 4. Amoko manini ashobora gutera amagi 80 kugeza ku 100.<ref name="umuryango"/> Andi moko abyara ibyana bizima. Ubwoko bumwe bushobora kubyara ibyana bigera kuri 30 nyuma y'amezi ane kugeza kuri atandatu.<ref name="umuryango"/> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Chamaeleonidae|Amafoto y'uruvu]] kuri Wikimedia Commons [[Ikiciro:Ibikururanda]] 0folwor8ceut97issz0vh8pr3mw3t5r 0 17366 149012 147987 2026-11-06T09:32:21Z Baraka official 17008 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 149012 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Umuvure n inshinge.jpg|thumb|Umuvure uriho inshinge bakoresha benga]] == [[Umuvure]] == umuvure ni igikoresho gakondo gikozwe mugiti gifukuye, mu [[Rwanda Cricket Stadium|Rwanda]] bakoreshaga benga umitobe wogukoramo Inzoga iyo uvuze umuvure Umunyarwanda wese ahita yumva [[urwagwa]] cyangwa umutobe w'ibitoki <ref>https://www.facebook.com/2302155113385493/posts/igihe-umuvure-wiwanyu-wabaga-waramenetse-ukajya-gutira-abaturanyi/2978913819042949/</ref>[[Dosiye:Kwenga.jpg|thumb|Uburyo bengera mumuvure]] == Akamaro == mu [[Umuco nyarwanda|muco nyarwanda]] bahoze banywa inzoga ndetse numutobe ukorwa mubitoki ibyo ntahandi byavaga uretse gutara ibitoki bikavamo imineke ubundi bakenga mu muvure hakavamo inzoga ndetse n'umutobe,sukuvugako umuvure wacitse kuko henshi mu [[Rwanda]] barakenga bakoresheje umuvure<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/umutekano/imbere-mu-gihugu/Ruhango-Arashinjwa-gusambanya-ku-gahato-ubana-n-ubumuga-agahungira-mu-muvure</ref> [[Dosiye:Umuvure.jpg|thumb|Umuvure]] == Imikorere y'umuvure == Umuvure ni igikoresho kibaje mu giti kandi gikomeye. umuvure akinshi ubu ubajwe mu giti cy'umuvumu.<ref>https://www.google.com/search?q=umuvure&oq=umuvure&gs_lcrp=EgZjaHJvbWUyCQgAEEUYORiABDIKCAEQABiABBiiBDIKCAIQABiABBiiBDIKCAMQABiABBiiBDIKCAQQABiABBiiBDIGCAUQRRg8MgYIBhBFGDwyBggHEEUYPNIBCDk1MDJqMGo3qAIIsAIB&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} cl8u4f3v538hgc3gki5qis17dnmv5sy 0 18134 149014 147649 2026-11-06T09:33:16Z Baraka official 17008 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 149014 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:CentralKigali.jpg|thumb|kamikazi ni umunyarwandakazi uvuka mumujyi wa kigali]] '''Cynthia Liliane Kamikazi,''' ni Umuyobozi - Ubufatanye no kwegera [[Uburinganire bw'ibitsina byombi mu Rwanda|uburinganire]], [[Umugore|abagore]] n’imiryango itegamiye kuri leta muri [[Banki Nyafurika Itsura Amajyambere|Banki nyafurika itsura amajyambere]] ([[Icyongereza]]: African Development Bank). Muri urwo rwego, ayoboye ubufatanye no gukusanya umutungo kuri gahunda y’uburinganire bwa Banki. Yakoranye n’inama ngishwanama yo mu rwego rwo hejuru y’abayobozi bakuru ba Afurika, Madamu Kamikazi yayoboye ishyirwaho rya gahunda yo gutera inkunga Afurika muri Afurika hagamijwe kongerera ubushobozi ubukungu bw’umugore, igikorwa cy’imari ishinzwe abagore muri Afurika. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=http://nfnv.rw/views/kamikazi.php |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-03-26 |archive-date=2024-03-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240326103255/http://nfnv.rw/views/kamikazi.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> Mbere y’umwanya asanzweho, yabaye umuyobozi w’agateganyo ku biro bya Banki bya Visi Perezida akaba n’intumwa idasanzwe y’uburinganire, atanga inama zifatika ku ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’ingamba z’uburinganire bwa Banki no kugenzura igenamigambi n’ingengo y’imari.<ref name=":0" /><ref>https://www.angazaforum2023.com/speakers</ref><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/145987/News/access-to-finance-still-a-headache-for-entrepreneurs</ref> == Amateka y'akazi == [[Dosiye:HQAFDBAbidjanPlateauMars2016.JPG|thumb|Banki nyafurila itsura amajyambere ]] Mbere yo kwinjira muri AfDB, Madamu Kamikazi yayoboye gahunda yo kunganira amajyepfo ya Global Alliance ishinzwe inkingo no gukingira i Geneve, aho yayoboye uruhare rw’abafatanyabikorwa n’ubufatanye. Hagati ya 2002 na 2010, yagiye akora imirimo itandukanye harimo kuba Umujyanama mu bijyanye n'uburenganzira bwa muntu n'iterambere mu butumwa buhoraho bw'u Rwanda muri Loni i Geneve; Umuhuzabikorwa w’umushinga w’uburenganzira bwa muntu muri federasiyo y’isi ya Lutherani akaba n'umujyanama w’uburenganzira bwa muntu muri komisiyo y’igihugu ishinzwe uburenganzira bwa muntu mu [[Rwanda]]. == Amashuri == Afite Impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu myumvire no mu bikorwa by'uburenganzira bwa muntu yakuye muri kaminuza ya Essex i Colchester, mu [[Ubwongereza|Bwongereza]] n'impamyabumenyi ya Psychologiya, Imicungire y'Ubucuruzi & Ubuvanganzo bw'[[igifaransa]] yakuye muri Luther College, muri [[Amerika]] mu ([[icyongereza]]: She holds a Master’s Degree in the Theory and Practice of Human Rights from the University of Essex in Colchester, UK and degrees in Psychology, Business Management & French Literature from Luther College, US.)<ref name=":0" /> [[Dosiye:University-of-essex-colchester-campus.jpg|center|thumb|Kaminuza ya Essex|606x606px]] == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore ba abayobozi]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore babanyapolitike]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore mu bucuruzi]] [[Ikiciro:Banki zo mu Rwanda]] 67vxnefdykjdi227u81w6pxv6z54cag 0 18547 149015 147994 2026-11-06T09:33:50Z Baraka official 17008 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 149015 wikitext text/x-wiki Karangara-kavumu ni umuhanda uherereye mu akarere ka [[Rwamagana Water Power Station|Rwamagana]] umurenge wa Gishali ukaba uturuka kwa karangara ukagera i kavumu. Uyu muhanda wahoze ari uwigitaka mu myaka yashize ariko kubw'ibikorwa remezo biherereye muri aka karere bigana mu murenge wa Gishali byatekerejwe ho basanga uyu muhanda ukwiye kuba watunganwa kuko ufatiye runini abanyarwanda binyuze mukubona akazi bityo bigatuma ubuzima bw'abaturage bugende neza bakabasha kubona ibyo bacyeneye bakohereza Leta muburyo bwoguhabwa imfashanyo == Iyubakwa ry'uyu muhanda == Uyu muhanda umaze igihe kitari kirekire wubakwa ariko Uyu muhanda umaze kuteza ibibazo cyane biturutse ku mashini zawutsindagiraga bigasiga inkuta z'inzu z'abaturage zisenyuka [[Umurenge wa Gishari]], ni umwe mu mirenge 14 igize Akarere ka [[Rwamagana]] ukaba <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.btnrwanda.com/news-details?Rwamagana--Ikibazo-cy-abangirijwe-n-imashini-zikora-umuhanda-cyahawe-umucyo&nid=1935 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-05-21 |archive-date=2024-05-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240521133518/https://www.btnrwanda.com/news-details?Rwamagana--Ikibazo-cy-abangirijwe-n-imashini-zikora-umuhanda-cyahawe-umucyo&nid=1935 |url-status=dead }}</ref>ufite [[Akagari|utugari]] Turindwi turimo  Kavumu,Binunga,Bwinsanga,Kinyana,Gati,Ruhunda na Ruhimbi hafi ya twose uyu muhanda ukaba uzajya uduhuza mu uburyo bw'ubwikorezi ndetse n'imigendererane == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} ooajmwnfcgxzz8yk4dggppqq0u3glix 0 18676 149024 147583 2026-11-06T09:36:27Z Baraka official 17008 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:1|0|1 */ 149024 wikitext text/x-wiki == Urwunge rw'amashuri rwa nyamyumba == Urwunge rw'amashuri rwa [[nyamyumba]] n'ikigo giherereye mu ntara y'amajyepfo, [[Akarere ka Nyaruguru|akarere ka nyaruguru]], umurenge wa mata. n'ikigo cya leta giterwa inkunga n'umuzungu bigatuma gihabwa akabyiniriro ko kwitwa Mabawa.N'ikigo cyegereye ikigo cya gisirikare cya nyamyumba ndetse harimo n'intera nto ujya ku ruganda rwa mata.<ref>https://rw92836-nyamyumba-secondary-school.contact.page/</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} lywba81kqyb4dqx6utt508311owxq6y 0 19159 149005 145336 2026-11-05T12:33:37Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 149005 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Bugesera road to River Nyabarongo in Rwanda.jpg|thumb]] '''Uruganda rw'impu mu Bugesera''' ni uruganda ruri mu Murenge wa Ntarama mu [[Akarere ka Bugesera|Karere ka Bugeser]]<nowiki/>a mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba|intara y'uburasirazuba]] aho baturiye inkengero z' umugezi wa Nyabarongo aho baje kwinubira umunuko ukabije uturuka mu urwo ruganda rw’Abashinwa rutunganyiriza impu muri ako gace.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/bugesera-abaturiye-uruganda-rukora-impu-barinubira-umunuko-ukabije-uruturukamo?fbclid=IwY2xjawEsRfxleHRuA2FlbQIxMAABHaMbrZ5LIk3s8IXd4FGv1e91Kh3AvrRClt09NUuRLuS3VPAkYiE7I2Fpyg_aem_ottaJ_BNP6rCPXTNuMSo3Q |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-08-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240816145449/https://www.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/bugesera-abaturiye-uruganda-rukora-impu-barinubira-umunuko-ukabije-uruturukamo?fbclid=IwY2xjawEsRfxleHRuA2FlbQIxMAABHaMbrZ5LIk3s8IXd4FGv1e91Kh3AvrRClt09NUuRLuS3VPAkYiE7I2Fpyg_aem_ottaJ_BNP6rCPXTNuMSo3Q |archive-date=2024-08-16 |url-status=dead}}</ref>[https://rba.co.rw/post/Bugesera-Babangamiwe-numunuko-numwotsi-byuruganda-rwimpu-akarere-kati-nta-gahunda-yo-kurwimura#google_vignette] == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Icyaro]] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] {{Reflist}}2.[https://rba.co.rw/post/Bugesera-Babangamiwe-numunuko-numwotsi-byuruganda-rwimpu-akarere-kati-nta-gahunda-yo-kurwimura#google_vignette https://rba.co.rw/post/Bugesera-Babangamiwe-numunuko-numwo]<nowiki/>[https://rba.co.rw/post/Bugesera-Babangamiwe-numunuko-numwotsi-byuruganda-rwimpu-akarere-kati-nta-gahunda-yo-kurwimura#google_vignette tsi-byuruganda-rwimpu-akarere-kati-nta-gahunda-yo-kurwimura#google_vignette] 0rlvqsgfaadsfaswlv94zga0cf6nwwy 0 19295 149004 144293 2026-11-05T12:31:32Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 149004 wikitext text/x-wiki Urubyiruko rw'abanyeshuri batanu 5 barangije amashuri ya Kaminuza batangije umushinga w’ubuhinzi bw'urusenda nyuma yo guhabwa inkunga na ([[icyongereza]]: Sustainable Agricultural Intensification and Food security Project (SAIP), mu rwego rwo kongera umusaruro w’ubuhinzi na gahunda yo kuhira imyaka mu akarere ka Rwamagana.<ref>https://www.rab.gov.rw/1-1/news-details/youth-in-embrace-chili-pepper-farming-in-rwamagana</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://lwh-rssp.minagri.gov.rw/index.php?id=4 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-08-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240828202347/https://lwh-rssp.minagri.gov.rw/index.php?id=4 |archive-date=2024-08-28 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Amateka == Nyuma yo kurangiza, twicaye hamwe dushaka ikintu cyazana amafaranga, aho kwicara murugo dutegereje akazi. Twatewe umurava n'ikigo cya SAIP gitera inkunga abahinzi harimo n'urubyiruko rwo mu karere kacu ka [[Akarere ka Rwamagana|Rwamagana]]. Kuva ubwo, urubyiruko rwashinze isosiyete yitwa "One Mission, One Direction Group Limited" nyuma yo kubona inyungu iri mu buhinzi n'ubucuruzi bw'urusenda.<ref>https://www.rab.gov.rw/1-1/news-details/youth-in-embrace-chili-pepper-farming-in-rwamagana</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Rwamagana]] [[Ikiciro:Intara y'iburasirazuba]] [[Ikiciro:Ubuhinzi mu Rwanda]] 42raxqezur7poe5o9zfjjoegrb74wp6 0 20347 149035 145500 2026-11-06T09:43:27Z Baraka official 17008 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 149035 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox drug | drug_name = Tetanus_vaccine | type = vaccine | IUPAC_name = <!-- Clinical data --> | image = REVAXIS.jpg | caption = Tetanus vaccination is often administered via combination with [[diphtheria vaccine]] and others <!-- Vaccine data -->| vaccine_type = toxoid <!-- Names -->| target = [[Tetanus]] | pronounce = | tradename = | Drugs.com = {{Drugs.com|monograph|diphtheria-and-tetanus-toxoids}} | MedlinePlus = a682198 <!-- Legal data -->| DailyMedID = Tetanus | pregnancy_AU = <!-- A / B1 / B2 / B3 / C / D / X --> | pregnancy_AU_comment = | pregnancy_category = | legal_AU = <!-- S2, S3, S4, S5, S6, S7, S8, S9 or Unscheduled--> | legal_AU_comment = | legal_BR = <!-- OTC, A1, A2, A3, B1, B2, C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, D1, D2, E, F--> | legal_BR_comment = | legal_CA = <!-- OTC, Rx-only, Schedule I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII --> | legal_CA_comment = | legal_DE = <!-- Anlage I, II, III or Unscheduled--> | legal_DE_comment = | legal_NZ = <!-- Class A, B, C --> | legal_NZ_comment = | legal_UK = <!-- GSL, P, POM, CD, CD Lic, CD POM, CD No Reg POM, CD (Benz) POM, CD (Anab) POM or CD Inv POM / Class A, B, C --> | legal_UK_comment = | legal_US = Rx-only | legal_US_comment = | legal_UN = <!-- N I, II, III, IV / P I, II, III, IV--> | legal_UN_comment = | legal_status = <!--For countries not listed above--> | routes_of_administration = | onset = | duration_of_action = | synonyms = | verifiedrevid = 415806441 | Verifiedfields = changed | class = | uses = <!-- primary uses --> | side_effects = <!-- common side effects and notable side effects --> | interactions = <!-- notable interactions --> | pregnancy_US = <!-- A / B / C / D / X / N --> | pregnancy_US_comment = | breastfeeding = | defined_daily_dose = | typical_dose = <!-- External links --> }}'''Urukingo rwa Tetanusi''', ruzwi kandi ku izina rya '''tetanus toxoid''' ( '''TT''' ), ni urukingo rukora rukoreshwa mu gukumira tetanusi.<ref name="WHO2017">{{Cite journal|vauthors=((World Health Organization))|title=Tetanus vaccines: WHO position paper – February 2017|journal=Weekly Epidemiological Record|date=February 2017|volume=92|issue=6|pages=53–76|hdl=10665/254583|pmid=28185446|author-link=World Health Organization|hdl-access=free}} [[Category:CS1 errors: unsupported parameter]] [[Category:CS1 errors: external links]] [[Category:CS1:Vancouver names with accept markup]]</ref> Ikoreshwa ifatanije ninkingo ya diphtheria.<ref name="Domachowske2021">{{Cite book|last=Domachowske|first=Joseph|editor-last=Domachowske|editor-first=Joseph|editor-last2=Suryadevara|editor-first2=Manika|title=Vaccines: A Clinical Overview and Practical Guide|date=2021|publisher=Springer|location=Switzerland|isbn=978-3-030-58416-0|pages=343-352|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8KIGEAAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA343&dq=Tetanus&hl=en|language=en|chapter=29. Tetanus|access-date=2021-12-31|archive-date=2022-01-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220111050613/https://books.google.com/books?id=8KIGEAAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA343&dq=Tetanus&hl=en|url-status=live}}</ref> Mugihe cyubwana, inshuro eshanu zirasabwa, hamwe na gatandatu yatanzwe mugihe cyubwangavu.<ref name="WHO2017" /> Nyuma yinshuro eshatu, hafi ya bose babanje gukingirwa.<ref name="WHO2017" /> Ibihugu bimwe bitanga dose esheshatu gusa; mugihe abandi, nka USA, basaba kuzamura buri myaka icumi.<ref name="WHO2017" /> Isasu rya booster rishobora gutangwa mugihe cyamasaha 48 yakomeretse kubantu bafite inkingo zitajyanye n'igihe.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Puncture wounds: First aid|url=http://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-puncture-wounds/basics/art-20056665|website=Mayo Clinic|access-date=6 December 2015|date=Feb 4, 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208143120/http://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-puncture-wounds/basics/art-20056665|archive-date=8 December 2015}}</ref> Ku bantu bafite ibikomere byinshi badakingiwe byuzuye, antitoxine ya tetanusi nayo irashobora gusabwa.<ref name="WHO2017" /> Kwemeza ko [[Umugore|abagore]] batwite bagezweho ku bijyanye no gukingira tetanusi muri buri gihe cyo gutwita birashobora gukumira tetanusi y’ababyeyi na babyaye.<ref name="WHO2017" /> Urukingo rufite umutekano cyane, harimo igihe utwite ndetse n'abafite virusi itera [[SIDA]].<ref name="WHO2017" /> Umutuku n'ububabare aho batewe inshinge bibaho hagati ya 25% na 85% byabantu.<ref name="WHO2017" /> Umuriro, kumva unaniwe, nububabare bwimitsi bworoheje bibaho mubantu batageze ku 10%.<ref name="WHO2017" /> Imyitwarire ikabije ya allergique ibaho munsi y'umuntu 100.000.<ref name="WHO2017" /> Inkingo nyinshi zahujwe zirimo urukingo rwa tetanusi, nka DTaP na Tdap, rukubiyemo urukingo rwa diphtheria, tetanusi, na pertussis, na DT na Td, rukubiyemo urukingo rwa diphtheria na tetanusi.<ref name="CDC2015" /> DTaP na DT bihabwa abana bari munsi yimyaka irindwi, mugihe Tdap na Td bihabwa abo bafite imyaka irindwi nayirenga.<ref name="CDC2015" /> Inyuguti nto d na p bisobanura imbaraga nke zinkingo za diphtheria na pertussis. Tetanus antiserum yakozwe mu 1890, ingaruka zayo zo kuyirinda zimara ibyumweru bike.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Gradmann|first=C.|last2=Simon|first2=J.|title=Evaluating and Standardizing Therapeutic Agents, 1890-1950|date=2010|publisher=Springer|isbn=9780230285590|page=53|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uuWFDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA53|access-date=2020-05-22|archive-date=2021-08-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210829174910/https://books.google.com/books?id=uuWFDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA53|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Jones|first=Bernard R.|title=Pharmacology for Student and Pupil Nurses and Students in Associated Professions|date=2016|publisher=Elsevier|isbn=9781483141312|page=162|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fFl-DAAAQBAJ&pg=PA162|access-date=2020-05-22|archive-date=2021-08-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210829174924/https://books.google.com/books?id=fFl-DAAAQBAJ&pg=PA162|url-status=live}}</ref> Urukingo rwa tetanus toxoid rwakozwe mu 1924, rutangira gukoreshwa ku basirikare mu Ntambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose.<ref name="WHO2017" /><ref>{{Cite book|last=Macera|first=Caroline|title=Introduction to Epidemiology: Distribution and Determinants of Disease|date=2012|publisher=Nelson Education|isbn=9781285687148|page=251|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U8FuCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA251|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305040732/https://books.google.com/books?id=U8FuCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA251|archive-date=2016-03-05}}</ref> Imikoreshereze yacyo yatumye igabanuka rya 95% igabanuka rya tetanusi.<ref name="WHO2017" /> Ari kurutonde rwumuryango w'ubuzima ku isi urutonde rw'imiti yingenzi.<ref name="WHO21st">{{Cite book|vauthors=((World Health Organization))|title=World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019|year=2019|hdl=10665/325771|author-link=World Health Organization|publisher=World Health Organization|location=Geneva|id=WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO|hdl-access=free}}</ref> Igiciro cyinshi mugihugu kiri mu nzira y'amajyambere kiri hagati ya 0.17 na 0,65 USD kuri dose {{as of|2014|lc=yes}}.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Vaccine, Tetanus Toxoid|url=http://mshpriceguide.org/en/single-drug-information/?DMFId=800&searchYear=2014|website=International Drug Price Indicator Guide|access-date=6 December 2015|archive-date=22 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180122072947/http://mshpriceguide.org/en/single-drug-information/?DMFId=800&searchYear=2014|url-status=live}}</ref> Muri Amerika, amasomo y'urukingo rwa tetanusi ari hagati ya 25 na 50 USD.<ref name="Ric2015">{{Cite book|last=Hamilton|first=Richart|title=Tarascon Pocket Pharmacopoeia 2015 Deluxe Lab-Coat Edition|date=2015|publisher=Jones & Bartlett Learning|isbn=9781284057560|page=317}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=CDC Vaccine Price List|website=[[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] (CDC)|date=1 January 2020|url=https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/programs/vfc/awardees/vaccine-management/price-list/index.html|access-date=28 January 2020|archive-date=28 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200128235436/https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/programs/vfc/awardees/vaccine-management/price-list/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref> == Reba == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] 4jd02e48sgt5yt7f8r13i0cip89r0cg 0 20566 149018 124547 2026-11-06T09:34:53Z Baraka official 17008 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:1|0|1 */ 149018 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Eyimofe''''' ( '''''Eyimofe: Iki Nicyo Cyifuzo cyanjye''''' ) ni film yikinamico yomuri Nigeriya 2020 yakozwe, yanditswe kandi iyobowe nabavandimwe bimpanga Arie Esiri na Chuko Esiri mugitaramo cyabo cya mbere. <ref>{{Cite web |title=EYIMOFE |url=https://www.eyimofe.film/ |access-date=2021-01-15 |website=EYIMOFE |language=en-US}}</ref> Filime ikozwe mu bice bibiri byitwa Espagne nUbutaliyani. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-10-06 |title=Eyimofe 'This Is My Desire' (2020) BFI LFF Review - A Triumph of Nigerian Cinema {{!}} The Film Magazine |url=https://www.thefilmagazine.com/eyimofe-this-is-my-desire-movie-review/ |access-date=2021-01-15 |language=en-GB}}</ref> Muri iyi filime hagaragaramo Jude Akuwudike na Temi Ami-Williams mu nshingano nyamukuru. Iyi filime yafunguwe kugirango isuzumwe neza n'abayinenga kandi yerekanwe mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya firime mpuzamahanga ku isi mu bihugu 17. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kiang |first=Jessica |date=2020-03-01 |title='This Is My Desire': Film Review |url=https://variety.com/2020/film/reviews/this-is-my-desire-review-eyimofe-1203512981/ |access-date=2021-01-15 |website=Variety |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-10-21 |title=Eyimofe (This is My Desire) Review |url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/amp/news/eyimofe-this-is-my-desire-film-review-afi-2020 |access-date=2021-01-15 |website=www.hollywoodreporter.com |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-10-07 |title=Trailer for Eyimofe (This Is My Desire) out ahead of UK premiere |url=https://editor.guardian.ng/life/trailer-for-eyimofe-this-is-my-desire-out-ahead-of-uk-premiere/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211108033848/https://editor.guardian.ng/life/trailer-for-eyimofe-this-is-my-desire-out-ahead-of-uk-premiere/ |archive-date=8 November 2021 |access-date=2021-01-15 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US}}</ref> == Inyandiko == Igabanyijemo ibice bibiri bitandukanye, iyifilime irazenguruka umutekinisiye wamaduka Mofe (Jude Akuwudike) hamwe numusatsi witwa Rosa (Temi Ami-Williams) kugushaka ibyo bategereje kandi bizera kobizaba ubuzima bwiza kunkombe zamahanga. Mofe yifuza kujya muri Espagne kandi Rosa yizeye kujya muButaliyani. Icyakora, Mofe yabuze umuryango we, mugihe Rosa yananiwe kwita kuri mushiki wemuto utwite maze arongora nyirinzu bitari ngombwa. == Abakinnyi == * Jude Akuwudike nka Mofe * Temi Ami-Williams nka Rosa * Cynthia Ebijie nka Grace * Tomiwa Edun nka Seyi * Yakobo Alexandre nka Petero * Chioma Omeruah nka Mama Esther * Ejike Asiegbu nka Goddey * Sadiq Daba nka Jakpor * Imoh Eboh nkabaforomo * Chiemela Azurunwa nkumuganga * Kemi Lana Akindoju nkibyiringiro * Kelechi Udegbe nka Dauda * Emeka Nwagbaraocha nka Akin * Chidumebi Nzeribe nka Celestine * Omoye Uzamere nkigiciro cyinshi * Charles Ukpong nka Abu * Amahirwe Nwafor nkubwenge * Rita Edward nk'amahoro * Emmanuel Adeji nkumugisha * Toyin Oshinaike nka Vincent * Nonso Odogwu nka Barrister Onuah == Ukoyakozwe == iyfilime yatangajwe nimpanga arizo Arie Esiri na Chuko Esiri abakoraga kumushinga fatanije. niyo yabahaye itangiriri ryubuzima bawbo muri sinema kuko bayiyoboye bombi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-10-24 |title=The Esiri Brothers Take 'Eyimofe' Abroad |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2020/10/24/the-esiri-brothers-take-eyimofe-abroad/ |access-date=2021-01-15 |website=THISDAYLIVE |language=en-US}}</ref> '''Umushinga wose watewe inkunga imbere muri Nigeria, ukorwa ukoresheje kamera ya 16mm, kandi ifatwa amashusho mu bice 48 bitandukanye byo muri Lagos, aho inkuru iba ikinirwa. Hari n’uduce duke twafatiwe muri New York. Mu 2018, iyi filime yegukanye igihembo cya Purple List Award, hanyuma mu 2019 itoranywa mu mishinga 10 yaherewe amahugurwa muri IFP Narrative Lab i New York.''' == Kurekura == Iyifilime yerekanwe mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga ryafilime mpuzamahanga ryabereye muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika y'Epfo]], [[Ubuholandi]], [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|Amerika]], [[Ubutaliyani]], [[Polonye]], [[Ubwongereza]], [[Esipanye|Espagne]], [[Burezile|Burezili]], [[Porutigali|Porutugali]], [[Nyarabu Zunze Ubumwe|UAE]], [[Kanada]], [[Ositiriya|Otirishiya]], [[Ubushinwa]], [[Ubugereki]], Misiri, [[Ubudage]] [[Ubuhinde|n'Ubuhinde]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-10-10 |title=Eyimofe to premiere in UK as part of the activities to celebrate Nigeria at 60 |url=https://editor.guardian.ng/news/eyimofe-to-premiere-in-uk-as-part-of-the-activities-to-celebrate-nigeria-at-60/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211108090510/https://editor.guardian.ng/life/eyimofe-to-premiere-in-uk-as-part-of-the-activities-to-celebrate-nigeria-at-60/ |archive-date=8 November 2021 |access-date=2021-01-15 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-11-11 |title=Eyimofe selected for film festivals in Greece, Poland |url=https://editor.guardian.ng/art/eyimofe-selected-for-film-festivals-in-greece-poland/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211108012949/https://editor.guardian.ng/art/eyimofe-selected-for-film-festivals-in-greece-poland/ |archive-date=8 November 2021 |access-date=2021-01-15 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-10-16 |title=Nigerian Film, Eyimofe To Screen In Austria, Netherlands, Spain |url=https://editor.guardian.ng/life/nigerian-film-eyimofe-to-screen-in-austria-netherlands-spain/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211106231558/https://editor.guardian.ng/life/nigerian-film-eyimofe-to-screen-in-austria-netherlands-spain/ |archive-date=6 November 2021 |access-date=2021-01-15 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US}}</ref> Filime yatoranijwe kumugaragaro kugirango yerekanwe bwambere mubihugu 17 mubirori byabo byafirime kuburyo bukurikira * Iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya 70 rya [[Berlin]], mu Budage (24 Gashyantare 2020) <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-03-04 |title=Eyimofe: A desire to migrate on screen at the Berlin film festival |url=https://www.infomigrants.net/en/post/23155/eyimofe-a-desire-to-migrate-on-screen-at-the-berlin-film-festival |access-date=2021-01-15 |website=InfoMigrants |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-01-23 |title=Nigerian feature, Eyimofe to show at 70th Berlin International Film Festival |url=https://guardian.ng/life/nigerian-feature-eyimofe-to-show-at-70th-berlin-international-film-festival/ |access-date=2021-01-15 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-01-21 |title=Nigerian Feature Selected at 70th Berlin International Film Festival |url=https://guardian.ng/life/nigerian-feature-selected-at-70th-berlin-international-film-festival/ |access-date=2021-01-15 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US}}</ref> * Iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya firime rya Vancouver, Kanada (26 Nzeri 2020) <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-09-26 |title=Eyimofe to screen at 2020 vancouver film festival today |url=https://editor.guardian.ng/news/eyimofe-to-screen-at-2020-vancouver-film-festival-today/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211106225029/https://editor.guardian.ng/news/eyimofe-to-screen-at-2020-vancouver-film-festival-today/ |archive-date=6 November 2021 |access-date=2021-01-15 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US}}</ref> * Iserukiramuco rya Filime rya BFI London, mu Bwongereza (11 Ukwakira 2020) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Eyimofe (This is My Desire) |url=https://www.bfi.org.uk/london-film-festival/screenings/eyimofe-this-my-desire |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201216010424/https://www.bfi.org.uk/london-film-festival/screenings/eyimofe-this-my-desire |archive-date=16 December 2020 |access-date=2021-01-15 |website=BFI |language=en}}</ref> * 2020 Filime Afurika * 2020 Iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya firime Indie Lisboa, Porutugali * 2020 Internacional de Sinema São Paulo Iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya Filime / Iserukiramuco rya Filime rya Mostra São Paulo, Burezili <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-10-15 |title=Eyimofe to screen at Brazil's Mostra Film Festival |url=https://editor.guardian.ng/news/eyimofe-to-screen-at-brazils-mostra-film-festival/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211106225027/https://editor.guardian.ng/news/eyimofe-to-screen-at-brazils-mostra-film-festival/ |archive-date=6 November 2021 |access-date=2021-01-15 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US}}</ref> * 2020 Iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya sinema rya Cinecitta, Ubuholandi <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-10-20 |title='Eyimofe' (This Is My Desire) set to screen in 3 European countries |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/eyimofe-this-is-my-desire-set-to-screen-in-3-european-countries/mjsmss7 |access-date=2021-01-15 |website=Pulse Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> * Iserukiramuco rya Filime rya AFI, Amerika (20 Ukwakira 2020) * 2020 Iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya firime rya Valladolid, Espanye * Iserukiramuco rya Filime ya Sharjah, UAE <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-10-25 |title=Eyimofe to screen at Sharjah Film platform festival in UAE |url=https://guardian.ng/art/eyimofe-to-screen-at-sharjah-film-platform-festival-in-uae/ |access-date=2021-01-15 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US}}</ref> * 2020 Iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya firime rya Cairo, Misiri <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-12-09 |title=Eyimofe Selected For Cairo International Film Festival |url=https://editor.guardian.ng/life/eyimofe-selected-for-cairo-international-film-festival/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211108033901/https://editor.guardian.ng/life/eyimofe-selected-for-cairo-international-film-festival/ |archive-date=8 November 2021 |access-date=2021-01-15 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US}}</ref> * 2020 Iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya firime rya Tesalonike, Ubugereki * 2020 Karlovy Vary International Festival Festival <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 October 2020 |title=Eyimofe selected for 2020 Karlovy Vary International Film Festival |url=https://guardian.ng/news/eyimofe-selected-for-2020-karlovy-vary-international-film-festival/ |access-date=2021-01-15 |website=guardian.ng}}</ref> * 2020 Iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya firime ya Horizons, Polonye * Iserukiramuco rya Filime rya Torino, mu Butaliyani (24 Ugushyingo 2020) <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-11-21 |title=Eyimofe selected for 2020 Torino Film Festival |url=https://editor.guardian.ng/life/eyimofe-selected-for-2020-torino-film-festival/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211106231602/https://editor.guardian.ng/life/eyimofe-selected-for-2020-torino-film-festival/ |archive-date=6 November 2021 |access-date=2021-01-15 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US}}</ref> * 2020 Iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya firime rya Hainan Island, Ubushinwa <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-11-26 |title=Eyimofe selected for Hainan International Film Festival in China |url=https://editor.guardian.ng/news/eyimofe-selected-for-hainan-international-film-festival-in-china/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211108090558/https://editor.guardian.ng/news/eyimofe-selected-for-hainan-international-film-festival-in-china/ |archive-date=8 November 2021 |access-date=2021-01-15 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US}}</ref> * Vienne, Otirishiya * Igice cya Panorama ku Isi ku nshuro ya 51 Iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya Filime mu Buhinde (24 Mutarama 2021) <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-15 |title=Eyimofe Selected For International Film Festival Of India |url=https://editor.guardian.ng/life/film/eyimofe-selected-for-international-film-festival-of-india/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211108093514/https://editor.guardian.ng/life/film/eyimofe-selected-for-international-film-festival-of-india/ |archive-date=8 November 2021 |access-date=2021-01-15 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US}}</ref> * 2021 [[Iserukiramuco rya Filime rya BlackStar]] <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-08-11 |title=Eyimofe wins Best Feature Narrative at BlackStar Film Festival |url=https://editor.guardian.ng/news/eyimofe-wins-best-feature-narrative-at-blackstar-film-festival-2/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211205162732/https://editor.guardian.ng/news/eyimofe-wins-best-feature-narrative-at-blackstar-film-festival-2/ |archive-date=5 December 2021 |access-date=2021-10-06 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US}}</ref> == Kwakira == == Gutanga ibihembo == Filime yakiriye ibihembo bitandukanye inatoranywa mubirori bya firime. Yatsindiye igihembo cya Achille Valdata mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga ryafirime muri Torino 2020. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-12-01 |title=Eyimofe wins Torino Film Festival's Achille Valdata award |url=https://editor.guardian.ng/news/eyimofe-wins-torino-film-festivals-achille-valdata-award/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211108091328/https://editor.guardian.ng/news/eyimofe-wins-torino-film-festivals-achille-valdata-award/ |archive-date=8 November 2021 |access-date=2021-01-15 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" width="60%" ! style="width:10pt; background:LightSteelBlue;" |Year ! style="width:100pt; background:LightSteelBlue;" |Award ! style="width:40pt; background:LightSteelBlue;" |Category ! style="width:50pt; background:LightSteelBlue;" |Result |- | rowspan="5" |2020 | rowspan="1" |Berlin International Film Festival |Best First Feature | {{nom}} |- | rowspan="1" |Indie Lisboa International Film Festival |Grand Prize City of Lisbon | {{nom}} |- | rowspan="1" |Torino Film Festival |Prize of the City of Torino | {{nom}} |- | rowspan="1" |Valladolid International Film Festival |Best Feature Film | {{nom}} |- | rowspan="1" |Berlinale |Best First Film | {{nom}} |- | rowspan="8" |2021 |[[Iserukiramuco rya Filime rya BlackStar|BlackStar Film Festival]] |Best Feature Narrative |{{won}} |- | rowspan="7" |Africa Movie Academy Awards |Best Film |{{nom}} |- |Best Director |{{won}} |- |[[Igihembo cya Afurika Movie Academy Igihembo cyumukinnyi mwiza mu nshingano zambere|Best Actor in a Leading Role]] |{{nom}} |- |Achievement in Editing |{{won}} |- |Best Nigerian Film |{{won}} |- |Best Sound |{{won}} |- |Best First Feature Film by a Director |{{won}} |} == Reba == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * Eyimofe at IMDb 1jdu0dyis757b39fob70vnlqko4wnit 149019 149018 2026-11-06T09:34:57Z KiranBOT 15993 removed AMP tracking from URLs ([[:m:User:KiranBOT/AMP|details]]) ([[User talk:Usernamekiran|report error]]) v3.1.1s 149019 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Eyimofe''''' ( '''''Eyimofe: Iki Nicyo Cyifuzo cyanjye''''' ) ni film yikinamico yomuri Nigeriya 2020 yakozwe, yanditswe kandi iyobowe nabavandimwe bimpanga Arie Esiri na Chuko Esiri mugitaramo cyabo cya mbere. <ref>{{Cite web |title=EYIMOFE |url=https://www.eyimofe.film/ |access-date=2021-01-15 |website=EYIMOFE |language=en-US}}</ref> Filime ikozwe mu bice bibiri byitwa Espagne nUbutaliyani. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-10-06 |title=Eyimofe 'This Is My Desire' (2020) BFI LFF Review - A Triumph of Nigerian Cinema {{!}} The Film Magazine |url=https://www.thefilmagazine.com/eyimofe-this-is-my-desire-movie-review/ |access-date=2021-01-15 |language=en-GB}}</ref> Muri iyi filime hagaragaramo Jude Akuwudike na Temi Ami-Williams mu nshingano nyamukuru. Iyi filime yafunguwe kugirango isuzumwe neza n'abayinenga kandi yerekanwe mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya firime mpuzamahanga ku isi mu bihugu 17. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kiang |first=Jessica |date=2020-03-01 |title='This Is My Desire': Film Review |url=https://variety.com/2020/film/reviews/this-is-my-desire-review-eyimofe-1203512981/ |access-date=2021-01-15 |website=Variety |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-10-21 |title=Eyimofe (This is My Desire) Review |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-reviews/eyimofe-this-is-my-desire-film-review-afi-2020-4077205 |access-date=2021-01-15 |website=www.hollywoodreporter.com |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-10-07 |title=Trailer for Eyimofe (This Is My Desire) out ahead of UK premiere |url=https://editor.guardian.ng/life/trailer-for-eyimofe-this-is-my-desire-out-ahead-of-uk-premiere/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211108033848/https://editor.guardian.ng/life/trailer-for-eyimofe-this-is-my-desire-out-ahead-of-uk-premiere/ |archive-date=8 November 2021 |access-date=2021-01-15 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US}}</ref> == Inyandiko == Igabanyijemo ibice bibiri bitandukanye, iyifilime irazenguruka umutekinisiye wamaduka Mofe (Jude Akuwudike) hamwe numusatsi witwa Rosa (Temi Ami-Williams) kugushaka ibyo bategereje kandi bizera kobizaba ubuzima bwiza kunkombe zamahanga. Mofe yifuza kujya muri Espagne kandi Rosa yizeye kujya muButaliyani. Icyakora, Mofe yabuze umuryango we, mugihe Rosa yananiwe kwita kuri mushiki wemuto utwite maze arongora nyirinzu bitari ngombwa. == Abakinnyi == * Jude Akuwudike nka Mofe * Temi Ami-Williams nka Rosa * Cynthia Ebijie nka Grace * Tomiwa Edun nka Seyi * Yakobo Alexandre nka Petero * Chioma Omeruah nka Mama Esther * Ejike Asiegbu nka Goddey * Sadiq Daba nka Jakpor * Imoh Eboh nkabaforomo * Chiemela Azurunwa nkumuganga * Kemi Lana Akindoju nkibyiringiro * Kelechi Udegbe nka Dauda * Emeka Nwagbaraocha nka Akin * Chidumebi Nzeribe nka Celestine * Omoye Uzamere nkigiciro cyinshi * Charles Ukpong nka Abu * Amahirwe Nwafor nkubwenge * Rita Edward nk'amahoro * Emmanuel Adeji nkumugisha * Toyin Oshinaike nka Vincent * Nonso Odogwu nka Barrister Onuah == Ukoyakozwe == iyfilime yatangajwe nimpanga arizo Arie Esiri na Chuko Esiri abakoraga kumushinga fatanije. niyo yabahaye itangiriri ryubuzima bawbo muri sinema kuko bayiyoboye bombi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-10-24 |title=The Esiri Brothers Take 'Eyimofe' Abroad |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2020/10/24/the-esiri-brothers-take-eyimofe-abroad/ |access-date=2021-01-15 |website=THISDAYLIVE |language=en-US}}</ref> '''Umushinga wose watewe inkunga imbere muri Nigeria, ukorwa ukoresheje kamera ya 16mm, kandi ifatwa amashusho mu bice 48 bitandukanye byo muri Lagos, aho inkuru iba ikinirwa. Hari n’uduce duke twafatiwe muri New York. Mu 2018, iyi filime yegukanye igihembo cya Purple List Award, hanyuma mu 2019 itoranywa mu mishinga 10 yaherewe amahugurwa muri IFP Narrative Lab i New York.''' == Kurekura == Iyifilime yerekanwe mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga ryafilime mpuzamahanga ryabereye muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika y'Epfo]], [[Ubuholandi]], [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|Amerika]], [[Ubutaliyani]], [[Polonye]], [[Ubwongereza]], [[Esipanye|Espagne]], [[Burezile|Burezili]], [[Porutigali|Porutugali]], [[Nyarabu Zunze Ubumwe|UAE]], [[Kanada]], [[Ositiriya|Otirishiya]], [[Ubushinwa]], [[Ubugereki]], Misiri, [[Ubudage]] [[Ubuhinde|n'Ubuhinde]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-10-10 |title=Eyimofe to premiere in UK as part of the activities to celebrate Nigeria at 60 |url=https://editor.guardian.ng/news/eyimofe-to-premiere-in-uk-as-part-of-the-activities-to-celebrate-nigeria-at-60/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211108090510/https://editor.guardian.ng/life/eyimofe-to-premiere-in-uk-as-part-of-the-activities-to-celebrate-nigeria-at-60/ |archive-date=8 November 2021 |access-date=2021-01-15 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-11-11 |title=Eyimofe selected for film festivals in Greece, Poland |url=https://editor.guardian.ng/art/eyimofe-selected-for-film-festivals-in-greece-poland/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211108012949/https://editor.guardian.ng/art/eyimofe-selected-for-film-festivals-in-greece-poland/ |archive-date=8 November 2021 |access-date=2021-01-15 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-10-16 |title=Nigerian Film, Eyimofe To Screen In Austria, Netherlands, Spain |url=https://editor.guardian.ng/life/nigerian-film-eyimofe-to-screen-in-austria-netherlands-spain/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211106231558/https://editor.guardian.ng/life/nigerian-film-eyimofe-to-screen-in-austria-netherlands-spain/ |archive-date=6 November 2021 |access-date=2021-01-15 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US}}</ref> Filime yatoranijwe kumugaragaro kugirango yerekanwe bwambere mubihugu 17 mubirori byabo byafirime kuburyo bukurikira * Iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya 70 rya [[Berlin]], mu Budage (24 Gashyantare 2020) <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-03-04 |title=Eyimofe: A desire to migrate on screen at the Berlin film festival |url=https://www.infomigrants.net/en/post/23155/eyimofe-a-desire-to-migrate-on-screen-at-the-berlin-film-festival |access-date=2021-01-15 |website=InfoMigrants |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-01-23 |title=Nigerian feature, Eyimofe to show at 70th Berlin International Film Festival |url=https://guardian.ng/life/nigerian-feature-eyimofe-to-show-at-70th-berlin-international-film-festival/ |access-date=2021-01-15 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-01-21 |title=Nigerian Feature Selected at 70th Berlin International Film Festival |url=https://guardian.ng/life/nigerian-feature-selected-at-70th-berlin-international-film-festival/ |access-date=2021-01-15 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US}}</ref> * Iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya firime rya Vancouver, Kanada (26 Nzeri 2020) <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-09-26 |title=Eyimofe to screen at 2020 vancouver film festival today |url=https://editor.guardian.ng/news/eyimofe-to-screen-at-2020-vancouver-film-festival-today/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211106225029/https://editor.guardian.ng/news/eyimofe-to-screen-at-2020-vancouver-film-festival-today/ |archive-date=6 November 2021 |access-date=2021-01-15 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US}}</ref> * Iserukiramuco rya Filime rya BFI London, mu Bwongereza (11 Ukwakira 2020) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Eyimofe (This is My Desire) |url=https://www.bfi.org.uk/london-film-festival/screenings/eyimofe-this-my-desire |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201216010424/https://www.bfi.org.uk/london-film-festival/screenings/eyimofe-this-my-desire |archive-date=16 December 2020 |access-date=2021-01-15 |website=BFI |language=en}}</ref> * 2020 Filime Afurika * 2020 Iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya firime Indie Lisboa, Porutugali * 2020 Internacional de Sinema São Paulo Iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya Filime / Iserukiramuco rya Filime rya Mostra São Paulo, Burezili <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-10-15 |title=Eyimofe to screen at Brazil's Mostra Film Festival |url=https://editor.guardian.ng/news/eyimofe-to-screen-at-brazils-mostra-film-festival/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211106225027/https://editor.guardian.ng/news/eyimofe-to-screen-at-brazils-mostra-film-festival/ |archive-date=6 November 2021 |access-date=2021-01-15 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US}}</ref> * 2020 Iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya sinema rya Cinecitta, Ubuholandi <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-10-20 |title='Eyimofe' (This Is My Desire) set to screen in 3 European countries |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/eyimofe-this-is-my-desire-set-to-screen-in-3-european-countries/mjsmss7 |access-date=2021-01-15 |website=Pulse Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> * Iserukiramuco rya Filime rya AFI, Amerika (20 Ukwakira 2020) * 2020 Iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya firime rya Valladolid, Espanye * Iserukiramuco rya Filime ya Sharjah, UAE <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-10-25 |title=Eyimofe to screen at Sharjah Film platform festival in UAE |url=https://guardian.ng/art/eyimofe-to-screen-at-sharjah-film-platform-festival-in-uae/ |access-date=2021-01-15 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US}}</ref> * 2020 Iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya firime rya Cairo, Misiri <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-12-09 |title=Eyimofe Selected For Cairo International Film Festival |url=https://editor.guardian.ng/life/eyimofe-selected-for-cairo-international-film-festival/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211108033901/https://editor.guardian.ng/life/eyimofe-selected-for-cairo-international-film-festival/ |archive-date=8 November 2021 |access-date=2021-01-15 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US}}</ref> * 2020 Iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya firime rya Tesalonike, Ubugereki * 2020 Karlovy Vary International Festival Festival <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 October 2020 |title=Eyimofe selected for 2020 Karlovy Vary International Film Festival |url=https://guardian.ng/news/eyimofe-selected-for-2020-karlovy-vary-international-film-festival/ |access-date=2021-01-15 |website=guardian.ng}}</ref> * 2020 Iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya firime ya Horizons, Polonye * Iserukiramuco rya Filime rya Torino, mu Butaliyani (24 Ugushyingo 2020) <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-11-21 |title=Eyimofe selected for 2020 Torino Film Festival |url=https://editor.guardian.ng/life/eyimofe-selected-for-2020-torino-film-festival/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211106231602/https://editor.guardian.ng/life/eyimofe-selected-for-2020-torino-film-festival/ |archive-date=6 November 2021 |access-date=2021-01-15 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US}}</ref> * 2020 Iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya firime rya Hainan Island, Ubushinwa <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-11-26 |title=Eyimofe selected for Hainan International Film Festival in China |url=https://editor.guardian.ng/news/eyimofe-selected-for-hainan-international-film-festival-in-china/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211108090558/https://editor.guardian.ng/news/eyimofe-selected-for-hainan-international-film-festival-in-china/ |archive-date=8 November 2021 |access-date=2021-01-15 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US}}</ref> * Vienne, Otirishiya * Igice cya Panorama ku Isi ku nshuro ya 51 Iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya Filime mu Buhinde (24 Mutarama 2021) <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-15 |title=Eyimofe Selected For International Film Festival Of India |url=https://editor.guardian.ng/life/film/eyimofe-selected-for-international-film-festival-of-india/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211108093514/https://editor.guardian.ng/life/film/eyimofe-selected-for-international-film-festival-of-india/ |archive-date=8 November 2021 |access-date=2021-01-15 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US}}</ref> * 2021 [[Iserukiramuco rya Filime rya BlackStar]] <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-08-11 |title=Eyimofe wins Best Feature Narrative at BlackStar Film Festival |url=https://editor.guardian.ng/news/eyimofe-wins-best-feature-narrative-at-blackstar-film-festival-2/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211205162732/https://editor.guardian.ng/news/eyimofe-wins-best-feature-narrative-at-blackstar-film-festival-2/ |archive-date=5 December 2021 |access-date=2021-10-06 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US}}</ref> == Kwakira == == Gutanga ibihembo == Filime yakiriye ibihembo bitandukanye inatoranywa mubirori bya firime. Yatsindiye igihembo cya Achille Valdata mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga ryafirime muri Torino 2020. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-12-01 |title=Eyimofe wins Torino Film Festival's Achille Valdata award |url=https://editor.guardian.ng/news/eyimofe-wins-torino-film-festivals-achille-valdata-award/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211108091328/https://editor.guardian.ng/news/eyimofe-wins-torino-film-festivals-achille-valdata-award/ |archive-date=8 November 2021 |access-date=2021-01-15 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" width="60%" ! style="width:10pt; background:LightSteelBlue;" |Year ! style="width:100pt; background:LightSteelBlue;" |Award ! style="width:40pt; background:LightSteelBlue;" |Category ! style="width:50pt; background:LightSteelBlue;" |Result |- | rowspan="5" |2020 | rowspan="1" |Berlin International Film Festival |Best First Feature | {{nom}} |- | rowspan="1" |Indie Lisboa International Film Festival |Grand Prize City of Lisbon | {{nom}} |- | rowspan="1" |Torino Film Festival |Prize of the City of Torino | {{nom}} |- | rowspan="1" |Valladolid International Film Festival |Best Feature Film | {{nom}} |- | rowspan="1" |Berlinale |Best First Film | {{nom}} |- | rowspan="8" |2021 |[[Iserukiramuco rya Filime rya BlackStar|BlackStar Film Festival]] |Best Feature Narrative |{{won}} |- | rowspan="7" |Africa Movie Academy Awards |Best Film |{{nom}} |- |Best Director |{{won}} |- |[[Igihembo cya Afurika Movie Academy Igihembo cyumukinnyi mwiza mu nshingano zambere|Best Actor in a Leading Role]] |{{nom}} |- |Achievement in Editing |{{won}} |- |Best Nigerian Film |{{won}} |- |Best Sound |{{won}} |- |Best First Feature Film by a Director |{{won}} |} == Reba == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * Eyimofe at IMDb kvltvz5g317x8xiy6okqllhrmfsqz58 0 21934 149036 139635 2026-11-06T09:44:02Z Baraka official 17008 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 149036 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Byusa pacifique''' ni umukinnyi w'abigize umwuga ukina umukin w'igare, akaba akinira ikipe ya [[Les Amis Sportif|Les Amis Sportifs]] yi [[Rwamagana Solar Power Station|rwamagana]], akaba yarabaye uwa mbere mu gusiganwa ku giti cye mu cyiciro cy'ingimbi muri Shampiyona y'Isi ya 2025 yabereye i [[Kigali|Kigal]]<nowiki/>i.<ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/imikino/amagare/article/amagare-abakinnyi-23-bazahagararira-u-rwanda-muri-shampiyona-nyafurika-ya-2025</ref><ref>https://kigalitoday.com/imikino/amagare/article/benediction-ibaye-ikipe-ya-mbere-mu-rwanda-yemewe-na-uci</ref> == Amarushanwa == Pacifique yitabirye amarushwa hari : * Shampiyona y'Isi 2025 yabereye i [[Kigali]] muri 2025 * Rwanda Youth Racing Cup muri 2025 * [[Tour du Rwanda]] muri 2025 == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Amakipe]] [[Ikiciro:Amakipe y'amagare]] 631nn28v98r57dhznxjunjj0ylzwnza 0 22968 149033 135326 2026-11-06T09:42:42Z Baraka official 17008 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 149033 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ikigo nderabuzima|Ikigo Nderabuzima]] cya Bumbogo<ref name=":0">https://m.imvahonshya.co.rw/ikigo-nderabuzima-cya-bumbogo-isoko-ryo-gukora-isuku-nisukura-mu-kigo-nderabuzima/</ref> (mu [[Icyongereza|Cyongereza]]: ''Bumbogo Health Center'') ni ivuriro rya leta ryo ku rwego rw'ibanze riherereye mu Murenge wa Bumbogo, mu Akarere ka Gasabo, mu [[Umujyi wa Kigali|mujyi wa Kigali]], mu gihugu cy'u [[Rwanda|Rwanda.]] Iki kigo nderabuzima gicungwa n'[[Akarere ka Gasabo]] binyuze mu bitaro by'akarere bishinzwe kukibungabunga bya Kibagabaga (Ibitaro bya Kibagabaga). === Serivisi zitangwa === Iki kigo gitanga serivisi z'ibanze z'ubuzima nk'uko biteganywa na Minisiteri y'Ubuzima mu Rwanda (MINISANTE)<ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/ubuzima/bumbogo-bashyirirweho-ivuriro-bivuza-hakoreshejwe-telefone</ref>: * Ubuvuzi rusange: Gusuzuma no kuvura indwara zikunze kugaragara mu baturage (nk'[[Indwara y'Umusonga|umusonga]], indwara z'inzoka, n'izindi). * Ubuzima bw'Ababyeyi n'Abana: Kwakira no gukurikirana [[Umugore|abagore]] batwite (CPN), kubyaza, n'ubujyanama mu [[Kuboneza Urubyaro|kuboneza urubyaro]]. * Inkingo: Gutanga inkingo z'abana bakivuka n'izindi nkingo rusange (nk'iza [[COVID-19]]). * Kurwanya [[SIDA]] n'izindi ndwara zandura: Gupima ku buntu, gutanga ubujyanama, no gukurikirana abatanduye n'abanduye bahabwa imiti igabanya ubukana (ARVs). * [[Isuku mumujyi wa Kigali|Isuku n'Isukura]]: Gukurikirana isuku yo mu kigo n'iy'abaturage bacyerera binyuze mu masoko ya leta n'imirimo y'isuku itegurwa n'ikigo. === Kwivuza n'Ubwisungane<ref name=":0" /> === [[Ikigo nderabuzima|Ikigo Nderabuzima]] cya Bumbogo cyakira abaturage bafite ubwisungane mu kwivuza butandukanye, cyane cyane ubw'abagize Ubwisungane mu Kwivuza rusange (Mutuelle de Santé). Ibi bituma umuturage wishyura 10% gusa by'igiciro cy'imiti n'ubuvuzi ahabwa, ibindi bikishyurwa na Leta. Cyakira kandi n'abafite ubundi bwisungane bwemewe mu [[Rwanda]]. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} rvbuxmu5vmll106g8y8p97khbx7v7ft 0 23161 149006 143193 2026-11-05T12:59:47Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 149006 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | title = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kayonza-Mukarange | image = [[Dosiye:Kayonza-MukarangeGenocideMemorial06.jpg|280px]] | caption = Urwibutso rurebewe ku muhanda (Kanama 2025) | label1 = Igihugu | data1 = [[Rwanda|u Rwanda]] | label2 = Intara | data2 = [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba|Iburasirazuba]] | label3 = Akarere | data3 = [[Akarere ka Kayonza|Kayonza]] | label4 = Umurenge | data4 = Mukarange | label5 = Ubwoko | data5 = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside | label6 = Rwibuka | data6 = [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]] (1994) }} '''Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kayonza-Mukarange''' ni ahantu ho kwibukira [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]], haherereye mu Murenge wa Mukarange, mu [[Akarere ka Kayonza]], mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]]. Ruhurije hamwe imibiri y'Abatutsi ibihumbi byinshi biciwe mu nsengero no mu duce two mu karere ka Kayonza muri Mata 1994. == Aho ruherereye == === Aho biherereye === Urwibutso ruri ku musozi wa Mukarange, hafi y'umujyi wa Kayonza, ku muhanda Kigali–Kayonza–Kagitumba, mu burasirazuba bw'u Rwanda. Ruri mu nzibutso za Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi zabaruwe ku mugaragaro n'inzego z'ubuyobozi bw'u Rwanda. Imibiri ishyinguye i Kayonza-Mukarange yavanywe mu Murenge wa Mukarange no mu nkengero zawo mu Karere ka Kayonza, aho Abatutsi benshi bari bahungiye mu nsengero zitandukanye no ku nyubako za Leta muri Mata 1994.<ref name="KTPress">E. Kagire, « April 11, 1994: How International Community Failed Rwanda », ''KT Press'', 11 Mata 2020.</ref><ref name="ICD">« The Prosecutor v. Jean-Baptiste Gatete », International Crimes Database.</ref> === Imiterere rusange === [[Dosiye:Communes of Rwanda in 1994.svg|thumb|Amakomini y'u Rwanda mu 1994]] Muri Mata 1994, Abatutsi benshi bo mu karere ka Kayonza bahungiye mu nsengero za Paruwasi Gatolika ya Mukarange no mu zindi nsengero zari hafi aho, nyuma y'uko ubwicanyi butangira mu cyahoze ari Perefegitura ya Kibungo.<ref name="KTPress" /> Ku wa 12 Mata 1994, mu gitondo, Interahamwe zateye Abatutsi bari bahungiye kuri Paruwasi ya Mukarange. Abatutsi barenga 5&nbsp;000 bahiciwe uwo munsi.<ref name="Minaloc2026">{{Cite web |title=#Kwibuka32: Minister Habimana joins Kayonza residents to honor victims at Mukarange |url=https://minaloc.gov.rw/news-detail/kwibuka32-minister-habimana-joins-kayonza-residents-to-honor-victims-at-mukarange |website=MINALOC |date=2026-04-13 |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Inyandiko z'ubucamanza n'iz'amateka zivuga uruhare rwa burugumesitiri [[Jean-Baptiste Gatete]] mu gukangurira Interahamwe n'abasirikare kugaba ibitero ku mpunzi i Kiziguro n'i Mukarange.<ref name="ICD" /><ref name="ICTR">Urukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga rwashyiriweho u Rwanda, ''The Prosecutor v. Jean-Baptiste Gatete, Appeal Judgement'', 9 Ukwakira 2012.</ref> Ku wa 11 Mata 1994, Abatutsi bari bahungiye mu rusengero rw'Abangilikani rwa Midiho, mu Kagari ka Nyagatovu (Umurenge wa Mukarange), bishwe nyuma y'igitero cy'Interahamwe zo muri ako gace; imibiri yabo ntiyose yabonetse.<ref name="KTPress" /> Mu minsi yakurikiyeho, Paruwasi Gatolika ya Mukarange yabereyemo ubwicanyi bukomeye, aho impunzi ibihumbi zishwe n'Interahamwe n'abasirikare bari bagose aho hantu.<ref name="ICD" /><ref name="Igihe2025">« Kayonza: Remains of over 10,000 genocide victims still missing », ''IGIHE'', 8 Mata 2025.</ref> == Amateka == Nyuma y'uko Jenoside ihagarara muri Nyakanga 1994, inzego z'ibanze n'imiryango y'abarokotse, cyane cyane [[Ibuka]] yo muri ako karere, bateguye igikorwa cyo gutaburura buhoro buhoro imva rusange no gushyingura abazize Jenoside ahantu hamwe i Mukarange.<ref name="Umuvugizi">{{Cite web |author=Stephen Rwembeho |title=Over 800 reburied in Mukarange |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/53520/National/over-800-reburied-in-mukarange |website=The New Times |date=2011-04-13 |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Mu 2011, habaye umuhango wo gushyingura mu cyubahiro abazize Jenoside bagera kuri 850, imibiri yabo ikaba yarabonetse mu mirenge itandukanye ya Kayonza ikimurirwa i Mukarange.<ref name="Umuvugizi" /> Mu myaka ya 2010, ibikorwa nk'ibyo byo gushakisha no kongera gushyingura imibiri y'abazize Jenoside byakozwe i Mukarange no mu yandi makomini y'akarere, bituma umubare w'abashyinguye mu rwibutso ugenda wiyongera.<ref>« Rwanda: Genocide Victims Reburied 20 Years Later », ''The New Times'' / ''allAfrica'', 13 Mata 2014.</ref><ref>« Rwanda: Over 100 Genocide Victims Reburied », ''allAfrica'', 21 Mata 2015.</ref> Inkuru z'itangazamakuru zivuga abazize Jenoside ibihumbi, bamwe bakagereranya ko abashyinguye aha hantu barenga 9&nbsp;000.<ref name="Igihe2025" /><ref>E. Nsabimana, « Equity Bank donates cows to Kayonza genocide survivors », ''The New Times'', 26 Mata 2018.</ref> Mu 2023, urwibutso rwari rushyinguyemo imibiri irenga 8&nbsp;700. Ni rwo runini mu nzibutso zirindwi z'Akarere ka Kayonza.<ref name="Igihe2023">{{Cite web |author=Hakizimana Jean Paul |title=Kayonza: Miliyoni 700 Frw ziri kwifashishwa mu kuvugurura urwibutso rwa Mukarange |url=https://www.igihe.com/amakuru/muri-afurika/u-rwanda/article/kayonza-miliyoni-700-frw-zigiye-kwifashishwa-mu-kuvugurura-urwibutso-rwa |website=IGIHE |date=2023-02-13 |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> Guhera mu mpera z'imyaka ya 2010, imishinga yo kwagura no kuvugurura urwibutso yatewe inkunga muri gahunda z'ishoramari rya Leta. Inyandiko z'ingengo y'imari za Minisiteri y'Imari n'Igenamigambi zivuga ibyiciro bitandukanye byo kubaka « inzu y'amateka » n'ibindi bikorwa ku rwibutso rwa Mukarange.<ref name="MINECOFIN1">Minisiteri y'Imari n'Igenamigambi, ''Budget 2020–2021'', « Mukarange Genocide Memorial site constructed and supervised ».</ref><ref>Minisiteri y'Imari n'Igenamigambi, umushinga w'ingengo y'imari, « Phase III of Mukarange Genocide Memorial site (historical house) ».</ref> Mu 2020, itangazamakuru ryavuze imirimo yo kunoza urwibutso nyamukuru rw'Akarere ka Kayonza, ruri i Mukarange.<ref name="AllAfrica2020">« Rwanda: Kayonza Upgrades Main Genocide Memorial Site », ''allAfrica'', 29 Mutarama 2020.</ref> Mu 2022, Akarere ka Kayonza katangiye kuvugurura urwibutso. Imirimo yagenewe miliyoni 700 z'amafaranga y'u Rwanda. Inyubako nshya igeretse ifite ishusho y'icumu. Icumu ni imwe mu ntwaro zakoreshejwe mu bwicanyi. Iyo nyubako irimo ibiro n'imurikabikorwa ku mateka ya Jenoside mu yahoze ari amakomini ya Kabarondo, Muhazi, Rukara na Kayonza.<ref name="Igihe2023" /> [[Dosiye:Kayonza-MukarangeGenocideMemorial03.jpg|thumb|Imva ziri inyuma y'urwibutso (Kanama 2025)]] Buri mwaka urwibutso rwakira imihango yo ''[[Kwibuka]]'' ku rwego rw'Akarere ka Kayonza, yitabirwa n'abarokotse, imiryango itari iya Leta, amashuri n'inzego za Leta.<ref name="NewTimes2017">K. Rwamapera, « We wish you were here to see how we’re grown up – orphans », ''The New Times'', 14 Mata 2017.</ref><ref>« Kwibuka Flame of Remembrance travels to Kayonza District », Polisi y'u Rwanda, 16 Werurwe 2014.</ref> Ku wa 12 Mata 2026, mu muhango wo Kwibuka ku nshuro ya 32, hashyinguwe mu cyubahiro imibiri 27.<ref name="Minaloc2026" /> == Ibiranga urwibutso == Urwibutso rugizwe n'imva rusange zipfundikishijwe amabuye, ahantu ho kunamira, amabuye y'urwibutso n'inyubako igenewe imurikabikorwa rihoraho ku mateka ya Jenoside mu Karere ka Kayonza.<ref name="AllAfrica2020" /><ref name="MINECOFIN1" /> Urutonde rw'amazina y'abazize Jenoside rugenda rwuzuzwa hifashishijwe ubuhamya bw'abarokotse n'ubushakashatsi bwa Ibuka n'inzego z'ibanze.<ref name="NewTimes2017" /> Hategurwa ingendo-shuri z'abanyeshuri n'intumwa z'inzego za Leta, baza kumva ubuhamya bw'abarokotse no gutekereza ku bijyanye no kwibuka, ubutabera n'ubwiyunge mu Rwanda.<ref name="NewTimes2017" /> == Inzibutso z'Akarere ka Kayonza == Mu ntangiriro za 2023, Akarere ka Kayonza kari gafite inzibutso za Jenoside zirindwi. Zari zishyinguyemo imibiri irenga 25&nbsp;000.<ref name="Igihe2023" /> Muri uwo mwaka, akarere kemerewe gusigarana inzibutso eshanu.<ref name="Muhaziyacu2023">{{Cite web |author=Yussuf Hakizimana |title=Kayonza: Urwibutso rwa Rwinkwavu rufite umwihariko n’ubukana bwakoreshejwe mu kwica Abatutsi |url=https://muhaziyacu.rw/amakuru/kayonza-urwibutso-rwa-rwinkwavu-rufite-umwihariko-nubukana-bwakoreshejwe-mu-kwica-abatutsi/ |website=Muhazi Yacu |date=2023-04-07 |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230414150706/https://muhaziyacu.rw/amakuru/kayonza-urwibutso-rwa-rwinkwavu-rufite-umwihariko-nubukana-bwakoreshejwe-mu-kwica-abatutsi/ |archive-date=2023-04-14 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Isango2023">{{Cite web |author=Gisubizo Philemon |title=Kayonza: Abarokotse Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri Mata 1994 barasaba ko urwibutso rwa Ruramira ruvugururwa |url=https://www.isangostar.rw/kayonza-barasaba-ko-urwibutso-rwa-ruramira-ruvugururwa |website=Isango Star |date=2023-04-18 |language=rw |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" ! Urwibutso !! Umurenge !! Imibiri ishyinguyemo |- | Mukarange || [[Umurenge wa Mukarange|Mukarange]] || Irenga 8&nbsp;700 (2023)<ref name="Igihe2023" /> |- | [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Rukara|Rukara]] || Rukara || Irenga 8&nbsp;000 yashyinguwe muri Gicurasi 2014<ref name="NT2014">{{Cite web |title=Remains of 8,000 Genocide victims buried in Kayonza |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/107227/National/remains-of-8000-genocide-victims-buried-in-kayonza |website=The New Times |date=2014-05-26 |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> |- | Rwinkwavu || [[Umurenge wa Rwinkwavu|Rwinkwavu]] || 3&nbsp;840 (2023)<ref name="Muhaziyacu2023" /> |- | Ruramira || Ruramira || Hafi 1&nbsp;357 (2023)<ref name="Isango2023" /> |- | Kabarondo || [[Umurenge wa Kabarondo|Kabarondo]] || — |} == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Reba kandi == === Ingingo zijyanye === * [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994]] * [[Akarere ka Kayonza]] * [[Jean-Baptiste Gatete]] * [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kiziguro]] * [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyamirama]] * [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Rukara]] === Ihuza ryo hanze === {{Commonscat|Kayonza-Mukarange Genocide Memorial}} === Ibitabo === * Commission nationale de lutte contre le génocide (CNLG), ''Preparation and Execution of the Genocide perpetrated against the Tutsi in Rwanda'', Kigali, CNLG, 2021. * Urukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga rwashyiriweho u Rwanda (TPIR), ''The Prosecutor v. Jean-Baptiste Gatete, Judgement and Appeal Judgement'', Arusha, 2011–2012. {{Palette Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda|state=uncollapsed}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kayonza-Mukarange, Urwibutso rwa Jenoside}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Kayonza]] [[Ikiciro:Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994]] mfofulbm0eyf9j2uwfgv55dov31idha 0 23484 149034 142136 2026-11-06T09:43:04Z Baraka official 17008 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 149034 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Speciesbox | genus = Strelitzia | species = reginae | authority = [[Joseph Banks|Banks]] (1788) | image = Bird of Paradise flower.JPG | image_caption = Ururabo rwa ''Strelitzia reginae'' }} '''''Strelitzia reginae''''' (mu Gifaransa ''oiseau de paradis'', mu [[Icyongereza|Cyongereza]] ''bird of paradise'' cyangwa ''crane flower'') ni ubwoko bw'[[Ikimera|ikimera]] kirabya cyo mu muryango wa ''Strelitziaceae'', gikomoka muri [[Afurika y’Epfo]]. Ni ikimera cy'icyatsi gihora gifite amababi, kizwi cyane kubera indabo zacyo z'icunga n'ubururu zimeze nk'umutwe w'inyoni. Gihingwa cyane ku isi yose nk'ikimera cy'imitako mu busitani no mu nzu, kandi indabo zacyo zigurishwa n'abacuruza indabo. == Izina == ''Strelitzia reginae'' yasobanuwe n'Umwongereza Joseph Banks mu 1788.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Strelitzia reginae |url=http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?name_id=267262 |website=World Checklist of Selected Plant Families |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew |language=en}}</ref> Izina ''reginae'' risobanura « cy'umwamikazi » mu [[Ikilatini|Kilatini]], rikaba ryibutsa umwamikazi w'[[Ubwongereza]] Charlotte wa Mecklembourg-Strelitz.<ref name="pza">{{Cite web |title=Strelitzia reginae |url=http://pza.sanbi.org/strelitzia-reginae |website=PlantZAfrica.com |publisher=South African National Biodiversity Institute |language=en}}</ref> Iwabo, mu ndimi z'Abanguni, cyitwa ''isigude''.<ref name="pza"/> Izina ''bird of paradise'' (« inyoni yo mu ijuru ») rituruka ku buryo ururabo rufunguye rusa n'inyoni zitwa ''oiseaux de paradis'', naho ''crane flower'' rigereranya ururabo n'umutwe n'umunwa by'[[Umusambi|umusambi]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Strelitzia reginae Banks |url=http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:798194-1 |website=Plants of the World Online |publisher=Kew Science |language=en}}</ref> == Imiterere == [[File:Strelitzia reginae MHNT.BOT.2009.13.52.jpg|thumb|left|Imbuto n'utubuto twa ''Strelitzia reginae'']] ''Strelitzia reginae'' ishobora kugera kuri metero 2 z'uburebure. Amababi yayo manini kandi akomeye, afite uburebure bwa santimetero 25 kugeza kuri 70 n'ubugari bwa santimetero 10 kugeza kuri 30, ari ku mitsi ishobora kugera kuri metero 1. Ahora ari mabisi kandi ateye nk'umufana. Indabo ziri hejuru y'amababi, ku mitwe y'imitsi miremire. Zisohoka mu gisanduku gikomeye kimeze nk'umunwa w'inyoni (''spathe''), giteye ku buryo gisa n'umutwe w'inyoni; ni na cyo inyoni nto zinywa umutobe w'indabo (''souimangas'') zihagararaho iyo zije kuzibangurira. Buri rurabo rugizwe n'ibibabi bitatu by'icunga n'ibindi bitatu by'ubururu cyangwa umweru. Iyo inyoni ihagaze ku rurabo inywa umutobe, ururabo rurafunguka maze amaguru yayo agasigwa ibyangurira (''pollen''). == Ihingwa == ''Strelitzia reginae'' ni ikimera cy'imitako gikunzwe cyane. Cyageze bwa mbere mu Bwongereza mu 1773, gihingwa mu busitani bw'ibimera bwa Kew, maze kikwirakwira ku isi yose, harimo [[Amerika]] na [[Ositaraliya]], ahantu hose hari izuba n'ubushyuhe. Ni ururabo rw'ikimenyetso rw'umujyi wa Los Angeles muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Amerika.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nichols |first=Chris |title=Ask Chris: When Did the Bird of Paradise Become the Official Flower of L.A.? |url=http://www.lamag.com/askchris/ask-chris-when-did-the-bird-of-paradise-become-the-official-flower-of-l-a/ |website=Los Angeles Magazine |date=2015-10-19 |language=en}}</ref> Gikunda ubutaka bukungahaye ku ifumbire n'ahantu hari izuba cyangwa igicucu gito. Ntikihanganira ubukonje bukabije: mu turere dukonje gihingwa mu nzu cyangwa mu nzu z'ibirahure. == Amafoto == <gallery mode="packed" heights="130"> Strelitzia reginae0.jpg|Ubwoko bw'umuhondo (''citrina'') StrelitziaReginaePlant.jpg|Igihingwa cyose Strelitzia reginae - Mandela's gold.jpg|''Mandela's Gold'' 2010-03-05 13 16 21 Portugal-Jardim Botânico da Madeira.jpg|Mu busitani bw'ibimera bwa Madère </gallery> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Reba kandi == === Ingingo zijyanye === * [[Heliconia rostrata]], ikindi kimera cyo mu itsinda rya ''Zingiberales'' * [[Agapanthus praecox]], ikindi kimera gikomoka muri Afurika y’Epfo * [[Umusambi]] === Ihuza ryo hanze === * [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Strelitzia_reginae Amafoto ya ''Strelitzia reginae''] kuri Wikimedia Commons * [https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/Strelitzia-reginae ''Strelitzia reginae''] kuri iNaturalist [[Ikiciro:Ibimera]] [[Ikiciro:Indabo]] 8dpambbxn22qlnho7jawtcixvjwagnr 0 23510 149017 142179 2026-11-06T09:34:32Z Baraka official 17008 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 149017 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Automatic taxobox | taxon = Callistemon | authority = R.Br. (1814) | image = Red bottle brush.jpg | image_caption = Indabo za ''Callistemon'' }} '''''Callistemon''''' ni ubwoko (''genre'') bw'ibihuru byo mu muryango wa ''Myrtaceae'', bikomoka muri [[Ositaraliya]]. Mu Gifaransa byitwa ''rince-bouteille'', mu [[Icyongereza|Cyongereza]] ''bottlebrush'', kubera ko indabo zabyo zimeze nk'uburoso bwo koza amacupa. Bihingwa hirya no hino ku isi nk'ibimera by'imitako mu busitani no ku mihanda. Abahanga bamwe ubu babishyira mu bwoko bwa ''Melaleuca''. == Izina == Izina ''Callistemon'' rikomoka mu [[Ikigereki|Kigereki]] ''kallos'' (« ubwiza ») na ''stemon'' (« igice cy'ururabo gitanga ibyangurira », ''étamine''), kubera ''étamines'' ndende z'amabara zigize indabo zabyo. Ubu bwoko bwasobanuwe bwa mbere n'Umwongereza Robert Brown mu 1814.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Brown |first=Robert |title=A Voyage to Terra Australis |volume=2 |page=547 |year=1814 |language=en}}</ref> == Imiterere == [[File:Bottlebrush (Callistemon) bud.jpg|thumb|left|Utubumbe tw'indabo dutangiye kubumbuka]] ''Callistemon'' ni ibihuru cyangwa ibiti bito. Indabo zabyo ziteranye ku mashami zimeze nk'uburoso burebure, kandi ibara ryazo (akenshi umutuku) riterwa na ''étamines'' ndende. Imbuto zabyo ni udusanduku duto dukomeye tuguma ku mashami imyaka myinshi. == Aho biboneka == Ubwoko bwose bwa ''Callistemon'' bukomoka muri Ositaraliya, ariko buhingwa ahantu henshi ku isi kandi bwimereye ubwabwo ahantu hamwe na hamwe.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Callistemon |url=http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?name_id=31406 |website=World Checklist of Selected Plant Families |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew |language=en}}</ref> Biboneka cyane cyane mu turere dufite ubushyuhe buringaniye bwa Ositaraliya, cyane cyane ku nkombe y'iburasirazuba, kandi amoko amwe aboneka no muri Nouvelle-Calédonie. Amoko amwe yihanganira amapfa. == Amoko amwe == * ''Callistemon citrinus'' * ''Callistemon viminalis'' * ''Callistemon pallidus'' * ''Callistemon salignus'' * ''Callistemon rigidus'' == Amafoto == <gallery mode="packed" heights="130"> Bottlebrush (Callistemon).jpg|Ururabo Red bottlebrush tree in Florida crop.jpg|Igiti kirabije Bottlebrush seeds.jpg|Imbuto Blooming bottlebrush (Callistemon) found in Kelantan, Malaysia.JPG|Muri Malesiya </gallery> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Reba kandi == === Ingingo zijyanye === * [[Bougainvillea]] * [[Delonix regia]] * [[Ubusitani]] === Ihuza ryo hanze === * [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Callistemon Amafoto ya ''Callistemon''] kuri Wikimedia Commons * [https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/Callistemon ''Callistemon''] kuri iNaturalist [[Ikiciro:Ibimera]] [[Ikiciro:Indabo]] 5nfd4ooo5hkribyfoppvjhiou3zvv5t 0 23518 149011 142192 2026-11-06T09:31:53Z Baraka official 17008 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 149011 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Speciesbox | genus = Plumeria | species = rubra | authority = L. (1753) | image = Plumeria-wiki-Zachi-Evenor-001a.jpg | image_caption = Indabo za ''Plumeria rubra'' }} '''''Plumeria rubra''''' (mu Gifaransa ''frangipanier'', mu [[Icyongereza|Cyongereza]] ''frangipani'') ni ubwoko bw'igiti gito kirabya cyo mu muryango wa ''Apocynaceae'', gikomoka muri Amerika yo Hagati, kuva muri [[Megizike]] kugeza muri Venezuwela. Kizwi kubera indabo zacyo zihumura neza, z'iroza, umutuku, umweru cyangwa umuhondo, kandi giterwa cyane mu turere dushyuha two ku isi nk'igiti cy'imitako. == Izina == Ubu bwoko bwasobanuwe bwa mbere na Carl Linnaeus mu gitabo ''Species Plantarum'' (1753).<ref name="powo" /><ref name="tropicos" /> Izina ry'ubwoko ''Plumeria'' ryitiriwe umuhanga mu bimera w'Umufaransa Charles Plumier.<ref name="nparks" /> == Imiterere == [[File:Plumeria rubra tree spotted at Tellapur.jpg|thumb|left|Igiti cya ''Plumeria rubra''.]] ''Plumeria rubra'' ni [[igiti]] gito gishobora kugera kuri metero 8 z'uburebure, gifite umutwe mugari umeze nk'inkono. Amababi yacyo ni manini, akomeye kandi arabagirana, akagwa mu gihe runaka cy'umwaka.<ref name="nparks" /> Indabo zacyo zihumura, zifite amabara atandukanye bitewe n'ubwoko bwahinzwe; ntizigira umutobe w'isukari, kandi zibangurirwa n'udusimba nk'ibinyugunyugu bya nijoro. Urubuto rwacyo ni igishishwa cyumye gihinduka umukara cyangwa ikigina.<ref name="nparks" /> Iyo gikomeretse, kivamo amashira y'umweru ashobora gutera uruhu kwishimagura no kubyimba, kandi kuyamira bishobora gutera kuruka no gucibwamo.<ref name="nparks" /><ref name="qld" /> == Aho kiboneka n'imikoreshereze == Gikomoka mu bihugu bya Amerika yo Hagati n'amajyaruguru ya Amerika y'Amajyepfo, kuva muri Megizike kugeza muri Kolombiya na Venezuwela.<ref name="powo" /><ref name="nparks" /> Cyajyanywe mu turere twinshi dushyuha two ku isi.<ref name="powo" /> Giterwa nk'igiti cy'imitako mu busitani, ku nkengero z'imihanda no mu nkono, kubera impumuro nziza y'indabo zacyo.<ref name="nparks" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist|refs= <ref name="powo">{{Cite web |title=Plumeria rubra L. |url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:81275-1 |website=Plants of the World Online |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew |access-date=2026-10-14 |language=en}}</ref> <ref name="tropicos">{{Cite web |title=Plumeria rubra |url=http://www.tropicos.org/Name/1800011 |website=Tropicos.org |publisher=Missouri Botanical Garden |language=en}}</ref> <ref name="nparks">{{Cite web |title=Plumeria rubra |url=https://www.nparks.gov.sg/florafaunaweb/flora/3/0/3074 |website=Flora & Fauna Web |publisher=National Parks Board, Singapore |date=2023-03-06 |access-date=2026-10-14 |language=en}}</ref> <ref name="qld">{{Cite web |title=Frangipani (Plumeria) |url=https://www.poisonsinfo.health.qld.gov.au/plants-and-mushrooms/frangipani-plumeria |publisher=Queensland Poisons Information Centre |access-date=2026-10-14 |language=en}}</ref> }} == Reba kandi == === Ingingo zijyanye === * [[Nerium oleander]], ikindi kimera cyo mu muryango wa ''Apocynaceae'' * [[Hibiscus rosa-sinensis]] * [[Bougainvillea]] === Ihuza ryo hanze === * [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Plumeria_rubra Amafoto ya ''Plumeria rubra''] kuri Wikimedia Commons [[Ikiciro:Ibimera]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiti]] [[Ikiciro:Indabo]] 6s6id25im4fmd8b5xwvdh7aa28eolt5 0 23530 149025 148336 2026-11-06T09:36:55Z Baraka official 17008 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 149025 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Speciesbox | genus = Brugmansia | species = suaveolens | authority = (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Sweet | synonyms = ''Datura suaveolens'' Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd. | image = Brugmansia suaveolens - zhank puttra 2019.jpg | image_caption = Indabo za ''Brugmansia suaveolens'' }} '''''Brugmansia suaveolens''''' (mu Kinyarwanda ''ikibutibuti'', mu Gifaransa ''trompette des anges'' cyangwa ''trompette du jugement dernier'', mu [[Icyongereza|Cyongereza]] ''angel's trumpet'') ni ubwoko bw'igihuru cyangwa [[igiti]] gito cyo mu muryango wa ''Solanaceae'', umuryango urimo n'[[Ikirayi|ibirayi]] n'[[inyanya]]. Gikomoka mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba bwa [[Burezile]]. Kizwi kubera indabo zacyo nini zimeze nk'impanda zitendera, z'umweru, iz'umuhondo cyangwa iz'iroza, zihumura cyane nijoro. Giterwa henshi ku isi nk'ikimera cy'imitako, harimo no mu [[Rwanda]]. Ibice byacyo byose ni uburozi bukomeye. == Izina == Ubu bwoko bwasobanuwe bwa mbere ku izina rya ''Datura suaveolens'', nyuma y'ubushakashatsi bwa Alexander von Humboldt na Aimé Bonpland muri Amerika y'Amajyepfo; mu 1818 Robert Sweet abushyira mu bwoko ''Brugmansia''.<ref name="powo" /> Izina ''suaveolens'' risobanura mu [[Ikilatini|Kilatini]] « gihumura neza ».<ref name="rhs" /> == Imiterere == [[File:Angel Trumpets shrub -- Brugmansia suaveolens.jpg|thumb|left|Igihuru cya ''Brugmansia suaveolens'' kirabije.]] ''Brugmansia suaveolens'' ni igihuru kitari igiti gikomeye, kireshya na metero 3 kugeza kuri 5, akenshi gifite igihimba kigabanyijemo amashami menshi. Amababi yacyo ni maremare ameze nk'igi, ashobora kugera kuri santimetero 25 z'uburebure na 15 z'ubugari.<ref name="preissel" /> Indabo zacyo zireshya na santimetero 24 kugeza kuri 32, zimeze nk'impanda ifite imitwe itanu migufi ihetamiye hanze. Ku manywa zitendera zifunze igice, nijoro zigafunguka neza kandi zigahumura kugira ngo zikurure ibinyugunyugu bya nijoro bizitera intanga.<ref name="preissel" /> Igiti gito gikura gifite uruti rumwe, kikazarabya ari uko kimaze kugira ishami rya mbere ku burebure bwa santimetero 80 kugeza kuri 150.<ref name="preissel" /> == Aho kiboneka == Gikomoka mu mashyamba y'imvura yo ku nkombe z'inyanja mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba bwa Burezile, kuva muri leta ya Bahia kugeza muri Rio Grande do Sul.<ref name="powo" /> Abantu bakijyanye mu bihugu byinshi bishyuha, birimo u [[Rwanda]], [[Ubugande]], [[Kenya]], [[Tanzaniya]], [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]], [[Etiyopiya]] na [[Madagasikari]].<ref name="powo" /> == Uburozi n'imikoreshereze == Ibice byose by'iki kimera, cyane cyane imbuto n'amababi, birimo ''alkaloïdes'' zo mu bwoko bwa ''tropane'' nka scopolamine (hyoscine), zitera ibibonekerwa, umutima utera cyane n'ubundi burozi bushobora kwica.<ref name="evans" /><ref name="ines" /> Mu Rwanda, mu [[Ubuvuzi gakondo|buvuzi gakondo]] bwakoreshwaga mu kuvura [[Indwara zo mu mutwe|indwara zo mu mutwe]], kandi giterwa nk'ikimera cy'imitako.<ref name="ines" /> Ubushakashatsi bwakorewe ku mbeba bwerekanye ko ibivuye mu ndabo zacyo bigabanya ububabare.<ref name="parker" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist|refs= <ref name="powo">{{Cite web |title=Brugmansia suaveolens (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Sweet |url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77109576-1 |website=Plants of the World Online |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew |access-date=2026-10-15 |language=en}}</ref> <ref name="rhs">{{Cite book |last=Harrison |first=Lorraine |title=RHS Latin for Gardeners |year=2012 |publisher=Mitchell Beazley |location=United Kingdom |isbn=978-1845337315 |language=en}}</ref> <ref name="preissel">{{Cite book |author1=Preissel, U. |author2=Preissel, H.-G. |title=Brugmansia and Datura: Angel's Trumpets and Thorn Apples |publisher=Firefly Books |year=2002 |location=Buffalo, New York |pages=106–129 |isbn=978-1-55209-598-0 |language=en}}</ref> <ref name="evans">{{Cite journal |author1=Evans, W. C. |author2=Lampard, J. F. |year=1972 |title=Alkaloids of Datura suaveolens |journal=Phytochemistry |volume=11 |issue=11 |pages=3293–3298 |doi=10.1016/S0031-9422(00)86392-X |language=en}}</ref> <ref name="ines">{{Cite web |title=Brugmansia suaveolens |url=https://medicinalplantsofrwanda.ines.ac.rw/plant_details.php?id=241 |website=Medicinal Plants of Rwanda |publisher=INES-Ruhengeri |access-date=2026-10-15 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240916235936/https://medicinalplantsofrwanda.ines.ac.rw/plant_details.php?id=241 |archive-date=2024-09-16 |url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="parker">{{Cite journal |author1=Parker, A. G. |author2=Peraza, G. G. |author3=Sena, J. |display-authors=etal |title=Antinociceptive Effects of the Aqueous Extract of Brugmansia suaveolens Flowers in Mice |journal=Biological Research for Nursing |year=2007 |volume=8 |issue=3 |pages=234–239 |doi=10.1177/1099800406293984 |pmid=17172322 |language=en}}</ref> }} == Reba kandi == === Ingingo zijyanye === * [[Nerium oleander]], [[Allamanda cathartica]] na [[Plumeria rubra]], ibindi bimera by'imitako bifite uburozi * [[Tecoma stans]] === Ihuza ryo hanze === * [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Brugmansia_suaveolens Amafoto ya ''Brugmansia suaveolens''] kuri Wikimedia Commons [[Ikiciro:Ibimera]] [[Ikiciro:Indabo]] pyccbn1sbt0m8z8i6t184r2kdo89iii 0 23742 149020 142851 2026-11-06T09:35:14Z Baraka official 17008 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 149020 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Bob Marley | image = Bob Marley (1976).jpg | caption = Bob Marley mu 1976 | birth_name = Robert Nesta Marley | birth_date = 6 Gashyantare 1945 | birth_place = Nine Mile, Saint Ann, [[Jamayika]] | death_date = 11 Gicurasi 1981 | death_place = Miami, [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]] | nationality = Umunyajamayika | occupation = Umuririmbyi, umuhimbyi w'indirimbo | known_for = Reggae, The Wailers }} '''Bob Marley''' (6 Gashyantare 1945 – 11 Gicurasi 1981) yari umuririmbyi wo muri [[Jamayika]]. Yari n'umuhimbyi w'indirimbo. Ni we [[Umuhanzi Kamariza|muhanzi]] uzwi cyane w'injyana ya reggae. Indirimbo ze zahamagariraga amahoro n'urukundo. Yatumye umuziki wa Jamayika umenyekana ku isi yose. == Ubuzima == === Ubwana n'intangiriro === Bob Marley yavukiye i Nine Mile, mu ntara ya Saint Ann, muri [[Jamayika]], ku wa 6 Gashyantare 1945. Izina rye ry'amavuko ni Robert Nesta Marley.<ref name="brit">{{Cite web |last=White |first=Timothy |title=Bob Marley |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Bob-Marley |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |access-date=2026-10-20 |language=en}}</ref> Yakuriye mu gace k'abakene.<ref name="rock">{{Cite web |title=Bob Marley |url=https://www.rockhall.com/inductees/bob-marley |website=Rock & Roll Hall of Fame |access-date=2026-10-20 |language=en}}</ref> Mu 1963, yashinze itsinda The Wailers. Abandi bari barigize ni Peter Tosh na Bunny Wailer. Indirimbo yabo ya mbere ni ''Simmer Down''. Muri Mutarama 1964, yabaye iya mbere muri Jamayika.<ref name="oup">{{Cite web |title=For The Love Of Bob Marley |url=https://blog.oup.com/2010/08/bob-marley/ |website=OUPblog |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2010 |access-date=2026-10-20 |language=en}}</ref> === Umwuga === Mu myaka ya 1970, Bob Marley yavanze ska, rock steady na reggae n'umuziki wa rock.<ref name="brit"/> Mu 1973, The Wailers basohoye alubumu ''Catch a Fire'' kuri Island Records.<ref name="oup"/> Mu 1974, Peter Tosh na Bunny Wailer bavuye mu itsinda.<ref name="oup"/> Alubumu ''Exodus'' na ''Kaya'' zagurishijwe cyane ku isi.<ref name="oup"/> Ku wa 22 Mata 1978, Bob Marley yaririmbye mu gitaramo One Love Peace Concert i [[Kingston]].<ref name="brit"/> Mu 1980, yakoreye igitaramo gikomeye muri [[Zimbabwe]], imbere y'abantu bagera ku 40 000. Icyo gihugu cyari kimaze kubona ubwigenge.<ref name="oup"/> Mu 1977, abaganga basanze afite [[kanseri]] ku ino. Mu 1980, kanseri yakwiriye mu mubiri.<ref name="oup"/> Bob Marley yapfuye ku wa 11 Gicurasi 1981, i Miami. Yari afite imyaka 36.<ref name="brit"/><ref name="oup"/> Mu 1994, yinjijwe muri Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.<ref name="rock"/> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Marley, Bob}} [[Ikiciro:Jamayika]] [[Ikiciro:Abagabo]] [[Ikiciro:Abaririmbyi]] [[Ikiciro:Abahanzi]] [[Ikiciro:Umuziki]] p712flnnn07nwvd66z45mvyzybfuai6 0 23927 149030 148460 2026-11-06T09:41:11Z Baraka official 17008 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 149030 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition | name = Ubushita | synonyms = Variola, ''smallpox'' (Icyongereza), ''variole'' (Igifaransa) | image = Child with Smallpox Bangladesh.jpg | caption = Umwana urwaye ubushita muri Bangaladeshi mu 1973 | symptoms = Umuriro mwinshi, umunaniro, uburibwe bw'umugongo, uduheri ku ruhu | causes = Virusi ya variola | prevention = Urukingo }} '''Ubushita''' (mu [[Icyongereza|Cyongereza]]: ''smallpox'', mu Gifaransa: ''variole'') bwari indwara yandura yaterwaga na [[virusi]] ya variola ikaba iri mu bwoko bwa za virusi zizwi nka Orthopoxvirus. Umuntu wanyuma wanduye iyindwara mu buryo busanzwe (atayitewe na virusi yakorewe muri laoratwari), yasuzumwe mu kwakira 1977. Mu mwaka 1980, ishami ry'umuryango w'abimye ryita kuuzima (OMS/WHO) ryemeje ko iyi indwara yari yararanduwe ku isi hose, bituma iba ari yo ndwara yonyine mu ndwara z'abantu yashoboye kurandurwa urundu. == Ibimenyetso == Ibimenyetso bya mbere ni umuriro mwinshi, umunaniro n'uburibwe bukabije bw'umugongo. Hari ubwo umurwayi agira uburibwe bw'inda akanaruka. Nyuma y'iminsi 2 cyangwa 3, uruhu ruzana uduheri twuzuye amazi. Nyuma, utwo duheri tuzamo amashyira. Hanyuma uduheri turuma tukavaho. Uduheri dutangirira ku maso no ku biganza. Hanyuma tukwira umubiri wose. Ibisebe bijya no mu mazuru no mu kanwa.<ref name="who">{{Cite web |url=https://www.who.int/health-topics/smallpox |title=Smallpox |website=World Health Organization |language=en |access-date=2026-11-02}}</ref> == Uko bwandura == [[File:Smallpox virus virions TEM PHIL 1849.JPG|thumb|left|Virusi ya variola, irebewe muri mikorosikopi]] Ubushita bwandura iyo umuntu ari hafi y'umurwayi. Bwandurira mu dutonyanga duturuka ku murwayi. Hari ubwo bwandurira mu myenda cyangwa mu buriri by'umurwayi. Ibimenyetso bigaragara hagati y'iminsi 7 n'iminsi 17 nyuma yo kwandura. Umurwayi atangira kwanduza abandi iyo agize umuriro. Akomeza kwanduza kugeza ubwo uduheri twose tuvuyeho.<ref name="who" /> Ubushita bwicaga abarwayi bagera kuri 30%.<ref name="who" /> == Amateka == Ubushita bumaze nibura imyaka 3 000 ku isi.<ref name="who" /> Mu 1796, Edward Jenner yakoze urukingo rw'ubushita. Jenner yabonye ko [[Umugore|abagore]] bakama [[inka]] bari bararwaye ubushita bw'inka batarwaraga ubushita. Urwo rukingo ni rwo rukingo rwa mbere rwagize icyo rugeraho.<ref name="who" /> Mu 1967, OMS yatangije gahunda ikomeye yo kurandura ubushita. Abantu benshi barakingiwe ku isi hose. Umurwayi wa nyuma wanduye mu buryo busanzwe yabonetse muri [[Somaliya]] mu 1977. Mu 1980, OMS yatangaje ko ubushita bwaranduwe. Ubushita ni yo ndwara yandura yonyine yaranduwe ku isi.<ref name="who" /> Virusi ya variola isigaye gusa muri laboratwari ebyiri. Imwe iri muri [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]], indi iri mu [[Uburusiya|Burusiya]].<ref name="who" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Smallpox|Amafoto y'ubushita]] kuri Wikimedia Commons [[Ikiciro:Indwara]] gq97cbpqoguu32dsn2deit8mq3tampr 0 23997 149008 2026-11-05T17:50:11Z Score Beethoven 11559 Created page with "{{Databox | item = Q142023481 }} '''Ayo''' ni maskoti yemewe y'Imikino Olempike y'Urubyiruko ya 2026. Iyo mikino ibera i Dakar, i Diamniadio n'i Saly, muri [[Senegali]]. Ayo ni [[intare]] nto. Igaragaza ibyishimo by'urubyiruko rwa Senegali. Igaragaza kandi imbaraga zarwo. == Igisobanuro cy'izina == Izina Ayo rikomoka mu rurimi rw'Ikiyoruba. Ikiyoruba ni ururimi ruvugwa muri Afurika y'Iburengerazuba. Izina Ayo risobanura "ibyishimo".<ref name="ioc">{{Cite web |url=https..." 149008 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox | item = Q142023481 }} '''Ayo''' ni maskoti yemewe y'Imikino Olempike y'Urubyiruko ya 2026. Iyo mikino ibera i Dakar, i Diamniadio n'i Saly, muri [[Senegali]]. Ayo ni [[intare]] nto. Igaragaza ibyishimo by'urubyiruko rwa Senegali. Igaragaza kandi imbaraga zarwo. == Igisobanuro cy'izina == Izina Ayo rikomoka mu rurimi rw'Ikiyoruba. Ikiyoruba ni ururimi ruvugwa muri Afurika y'Iburengerazuba. Izina Ayo risobanura "ibyishimo".<ref name="ioc">{{Cite web |url=https://www.olympics.com/cio/news/j-365-dakar-2026-presente-ayo-sa-mascotte-officielle |title=J–365 : Dakar 2026 présente "Ayo", sa mascotte officielle |website=olympics.com |publisher=Comité international olympique |date=2025-10-31 |access-date=2026-11-05 |language=fr}}</ref> == Uko yakozwe == [[File:La mascotte des JOJ Dakar 2026 à Blaise Senghor 05.jpg|thumb|left|Ayo i Dakar]] Komite itegura iyo mikino yateguye irushanwa ry'igihugu. Iryo rushanwa ryateguwe hamwe na Minisiteri y'Uburezi ya Senegali. Ryari rigenewe abanyeshuri bo mu mashuri yisumbuye. Abanyeshuri bagera kuri 500 baryitabiriye.<ref name="f3s">{{Cite web |url=https://sport.education.sn/article/72 |title=Nom, inspiration, créatrices : tout savoir sur Ayo, la mascotte des JOJ Dakar 2026 ! |website=sport.education.sn |publisher=Fédération sénégalaise du sport scolaire |access-date=2026-11-05 |language=fr}}</ref> Ishusho ya Ayo yakozwe na Ndeye Mariama Diop. Yari umunyeshuri w'imyaka 16. Izina Ayo ryatanzwe n'undi munyeshuri w'imyaka 18.<ref name="f3s"/> Ayo yamuritswe ku mugaragaro ku wa 31 Ukwakira 2025. Uwo muhango wabereye muri Grand Théâtre national i Dakar. Wabaye habura umwaka umwe ngo imikino itangire.<ref name="ioc"/><ref name="men">{{Cite web |url=https://www.education.sn/posts/posts/ceremonie-officielle-de-devoilement-de-la-mascotte-des-jeux-olympiques-de-la-jeunesse-dakar-2026-fierte-nationale-et-genie-scolaire-a-lhonneur |title=Cérémonie officielle de dévoilement de la mascotte des Jeux Olympiques de la Jeunesse Dakar 2026 : fierté nationale et génie scolaire à l’honneur |website=education.sn |publisher=Ministère de l'Éducation nationale du Sénégal |access-date=2026-11-05 |language=fr}}</ref> == Imiterere == Ayo ni intare nto iseka. Yambaye tingandé. Tingandé ni ingofero gakondo y'Abapeuli. Iyo ngofero igaragaza ubwenge n'icyubahiro.<ref name="ioc"/> Ayo yambaye kandi umwambaro wera w'[[Umupira w’amaguru|umupira w'amaguru]]. Uwo mwambaro uriho ikirango cya Dakar 2026. Ayo yambaye n'ikabutura itukura, umuhondo n'icyatsi kibisi.<ref name="pdf">{{Cite web |url=https://library.olympics.com/digitalCollection/DigitalCollectionAttachmentDownloadHandler.ashx?documentId=2955720&parentDocumentId=161818&skipCopyright=true&skipWatermark=true |title=Youth Olympic Games Mascots from Singapore 2010 to Dakar 2026 |website=library.olympics.com |publisher=Comité international olympique |date=2026-01-07 |format=PDF |access-date=2026-11-05 |language=en}}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [https://www.olympics.com/fr/dakar-2026 Dakar 2026] kuri olympics.com (mu Gifaransa) * [[commons:Category:Ayo (Youth Olympic mascot 2026)|Amafoto ya Ayo]] kuri Wikimedia Commons [[Ikiciro:Siporo]] [[Ikiciro:Senegali]] jlz32v3pyvl8nvps7muqigepgufx00o 149009 149008 2026-11-05T18:00:31Z Score Beethoven 11559 149009 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox | item = Q142023481 }} '''Ayo''' ni maskoti yemewe y'Imikino Olempike y'Urubyiruko ya 2026. Iyo mikino ibera i Dakar, i Diamniadio n'i Saly, muri [[Senegali]]. Ayo ni [[intare]] nto. Igaragaza ibyishimo by'urubyiruko rwa Senegali. Igaragaza kandi imbaraga zarwo. == Igisobanuro cy'izina == Izina Ayo rikomoka mu rurimi rw'Ikiyoruba. Ikiyoruba ni ururimi ruvugwa muri Afurika y'Iburengerazuba. Izina Ayo risobanura "ibyishimo".<ref name="ioc">{{Cite web |url=https://www.olympics.com/cio/news/j-365-dakar-2026-presente-ayo-sa-mascotte-officielle |title=J–365 : Dakar 2026 présente "Ayo", sa mascotte officielle |website=olympics.com |publisher=Comité international olympique |date=2025-10-31 |access-date=2026-11-05 |language=fr}}</ref> == Uko yakozwe == [[File:La mascotte des JOJ Dakar 2026 à Blaise Senghor 05.jpg|thumb|left|Ayo i Dakar]] Komite itegura iyo mikino yateguye irushanwa ry'igihugu. Iryo rushanwa ryateguwe hamwe na Minisiteri y'Uburezi ya Senegali. Ryari rigenewe abanyeshuri bo mu mashuri yisumbuye. Abanyeshuri bagera kuri 500 baryitabiriye.<ref name="f3s">{{Cite web |url=https://sport.education.sn/article/72 |title=Nom, inspiration, créatrices : tout savoir sur Ayo, la mascotte des JOJ Dakar 2026 ! |website=sport.education.sn |publisher=Fédération sénégalaise du sport scolaire |access-date=2026-11-05 |language=fr}}</ref> Ishusho ya Ayo yakozwe na Ndeye Mariama Diop. Yari umunyeshuri w'imyaka 16. Izina Ayo ryatanzwe n'undi munyeshuri w'imyaka 18.<ref name="f3s"/> Ayo yamuritswe ku mugaragaro ku wa 31 Ukwakira 2025. Uwo muhango wabereye muri Grand Théâtre national i Dakar. Wabaye habura umwaka umwe ngo imikino itangire.<ref name="ioc"/><ref name="soleil">{{Cite web |url=https://lesoleil.sn/actualites/sports/joj-dakar-2026-diomaye-devoile-ayo-et-allume-la-flamme-de-la-mobilisation-nationale/ |title=JOJ Dakar 2026 : le Président Faye dévoile Ayo et allume la flamme de la mobilisation nationale |author=Oumar Boubacar Ndongo |website=Le Soleil |date=2025-10-31 |access-date=2026-11-05 |language=fr}}</ref> == Imiterere == Ayo ni intare nto iseka. Yambaye tingandé. Tingandé ni ingofero gakondo y'Abapeuli. Iyo ngofero igaragaza ubwenge n'icyubahiro.<ref name="ioc"/> Ayo yambaye kandi umwambaro wera w'[[Umupira w’amaguru|umupira w'amaguru]]. Uwo mwambaro uriho ikirango cya Dakar 2026. Ayo yambaye n'ikabutura itukura, umuhondo n'icyatsi kibisi.<ref name="pdf">{{Cite web |url=https://library.olympics.com/digitalCollection/DigitalCollectionAttachmentDownloadHandler.ashx?documentId=2955720&parentDocumentId=161818&skipCopyright=true&skipWatermark=true |title=Youth Olympic Games Mascots from Singapore 2010 to Dakar 2026 |website=library.olympics.com |publisher=Comité international olympique |date=2026-01-07 |format=PDF |access-date=2026-11-05 |language=en}}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [https://www.olympics.com/fr/dakar-2026 Dakar 2026] kuri olympics.com (mu Gifaransa) * [[commons:Category:Ayo (Youth Olympic mascot 2026)|Amafoto ya Ayo]] kuri Wikimedia Commons [[Ikiciro:Siporo]] [[Ikiciro:Senegali]] po2zfwl9a2af96za2js72uwsp7d51qi